LIBRARY

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL

COLLEGE

NO.___1115 DATE._SLnlSaa._

souRCE_.Ljoll£.^e...A.a"nX]£..

^■1

DecemWi- 31, 183r0

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

^ WitM\3 ]^Uustrrittti Sountal

Horticulture and Allied Subjects.

{ESTABLISHED m 1841.)

VOL ll.-THIRD SERIES.
JULY TO DECEMBEE, 1887.

LONDON :
41, WELLINGTON STEEET, COVENT GAEDEN, W.C.

1887.

LONDON :
BKADBURY, AGNE-ff, & CO., PRINTKRS. WHITEFRIAES.

Tlie Gnrdoners" Chroniole,]

[December 31, l?i

INDEX OF CONTENTS.

JULY TO DECEMBER, 1887.

Abies (Picea, Don) brachyphylla, 246 ;
A. nobilis, 276

Acer Worlyi, 13

Acineta Barker!, 33-i

Aconitum Napellus, 661

Adiantum Fergusoni, 470, 503 ; A. F.
Moorei, 690; A. fragrantissimum,
198 ; proliferous, a, 170

Acineta Humboldtii, 627

Aerides crispum Warneri, 472; A.
vireus Ellisii, 628

^Ethionema cordifolium, 684

African grasses for vases, 666

Agapanthns umbellatus, 344

Agave dealbata, 307 ; A. glaucescens,
219 ; A. Henriquesii, 306 ; A. lo-
phantha, 307 ; A. striata ensiformis,
307 ; A. utahensis, 685

Agaves, 307

Aglaioneraa nebulosum, 382

Agriculture and trees, 029; and gar-
dening, preventible loss in, 338 ;
college, Iowa, 562 ; produce, 225

Ailantus, flowering of, 259 ; A. glan-
dulosa, 313, 364

Aldenliam House, Elstree, subtropical
border at, 594

Allotment Act, the new. 498

Almanac, our, 657 ; and the postal
authorities, 723

Amaryllis, the, 338, 501, 751, 818

American Blackberries, 259 ; Exhibi-
tion, 100 ; Floral and Horticultural
Co., 728 ; blight, 780

Ammonium dimethylamidoazobenzene
sulphonate, 658

Ampelopsis Veitchii, 409, 444

Anastatica, 51

Androsace foliosa, 376

Anemone sulphurea v. A. alpina, 504 ;
A. japonica alba, 779

Anguloa uniflora, 244

Annals of Botant/, 311, 755

Anomatheca grandiflora, 619

Anthuriums, seedling, 109; A. Veitchii,
754

Ant traps, 567

Apiary, 14, 80, 130, 197, 248, 308, 374,
526, 590, 652, 761, 810

Apple crop in Canada, 167 ; of Nova
Scotia, 283, 407, 589

Apple, Manchester Beauty, 555

Apple and Pear Congress at Edin-
burgh, 404; atHarpenden,626; show,
Manchester, 438 ; trade, the, 589

Apple tree diseases, 431, 504, 780

Apples and Pears, 310; keeping, 793

Apples, imported, 807

Apples, unsorted English, 594

Aphelandra Margarita, 585

Apospory in Ferns, 337

Apricots, Central Asian, 781

Albino leaves, 373

Arabis alpina in Skye, 196

Araucaria imbricata, 471 ; and other
exotic Conifers, 200

" Arcadia," 194

Ardisia maraillata, 810

Argemone mexicaua, 524

Aristolochia tricaudata, 366

Arizona Cactuses in, 17

Amebia cornuta, 306

Aroid, giant, a, Conophallus Titanum,
215

Ashridge, notes from, 817

Asia Minor, plants of, 815
Asparagus Chicory, 530 ; A. plumosus
nanus, 662 ; A. p. var. tenuissimus,
199

Asters, pyramidal. Bouquet Rose, 252 ;
A. Triumph, 628 ; at Chiswick, 155

Athrotaxis, species of, 724 ; fossil sp.
in Britain, 749

Auricula, the, 338, 756

Autumn Croci, 432, 652 ; drought, 568 ;
foliage, employment of, 662 ; baskets
of, 691 ; in bouquets, 500

Avenue trees, 686, 815, 817

Azaleas, hardy, 18

Azalea indica Comte de Paris, 27 ; A.
i. Ebornia, 27 ; flowers, extraordi-
nary, from Hampton, 50O; novelties,
27; A. i. Scarlet Rose, 27; A. i.
violacea superbissima, 27

Azalea, yellow, Nancy Waterer, 26

B

Backhouse's Nursery, York, Orchids
at, 465

Bananas, species of, 786

Barberries, ornamental, 303

Barkeria Lindleyana, 650

Barleria repens, 341

Bear's-foot, Helleborus fa'tidus, 779

Bedding-out, 747; plants, 280

Beech, Weeping, a, 13

Bees and bee-keeping (see Apiary),
470 ; old-fashioned, 629

Bees, first swarm iu the winter, 504

Beetle poison, Christy's, 15

Begonias, 246 ; at Slessrs. Laing &
Co.'s nursery, 346 ; Froebel's hybrid,
311 ; hybrid, 560 ; time of intro-
duction, 505 ; tuberous, 555, 567 ;
an enormous bloom of, 224 ; hardi-
ness of a greenhouse, 54 ; tuberous,
the, 752

Belgium, Chambre Syndicale of, 498 ;
how they manage in, 658

Belon, Pierre, statue of, 194, 406

Bennett, Mr. Henry, 341

Berberis aquifolia, 303 ; B. concinna,
303 ; B. ilicifolia, 303 ; B. vulgaris,
303

Berberids, ornamental, 99, 128

Berlin Botanic Garden, 657

Beet, the Cheltenham green-leaved,
595

Big bouquet, the, 19

Birmingliam Chrysanthemum Society,
785; Gardeners' Association, 406

Bisulphside of carbon, 51

Black Bryony, 793

Blackheath, vineyard on, 779

Black Hamburgh Grapes for late use,
652

Black rot, 290 ; on Grape, discovered
in Europe, 529; spot iu Tomatos,
408

Blue Sweet Pea, 252

Boenninghausenia (Ruta) albiflora, 55S

Boissier, Edmond, bust of, 224

Bonn, Botanical Garden at, 252

Book on Fern growing, 446

Books, Christmas, 785

Books: — All About India-rubber and
Gutta-percha (A. M. and J. Fergu-
son), 167 ; Annals of Botany (Pro-
fessor Balfour, Dr. Vines, and Pro-
fessor Farlow), 311 ; Annals of the
Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta
(Geo. King, M.B., &c.), 302 ; Aus-
tralian Federal Directory, 814; Bees
and Bee-keeping (Frank R. Che-
shire), 282; Botanical Magazine,
108 ; British Desmids, a Supplement

to British Fresh-water Algai (M. C,
Cooke, M.A.), 303; British Moss
Flora (Braithwaite), 108; Com-
parative Morphology and Biology
of the Fungi (A. De Barv, trans-
lated by II. E. F. Garnsey), 788 ;
Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien
(Engler and PrantI). 786 ; The De-
sert Flora (Dr. George Volkens),
283; The Elements of Botany for
Beginners and for Schools (Asa
Gray), 660 ; Erziehung der Pflanzen
aus Samen, 440 ; First Year of Scien-
tiflc Knowledge (P.aul Bert), 109 ;
Flora of Carditt' (John Storrie), 342 ;
The Flora of the Pacific Islands
(M. Drake del Castillo), 254 ; Flora
of West Yorkshire (F. A. Lees),
136 ; The Fungus Hunters' Guide
W. Dclisle Hay), 19 ; The German
Flora (Dr. Thom^), 282 ; Handbook
of Fern Allies (J. G. Baker),
167 ; Handbook of House Pro-
perty (Ed. L. Tarbuck), 197 ;
Haselnuss (F. Goeschke),756 ; Herb
of the Field (Charlotte M. Yonge),
109; Hortus Belgicus (Professor
Morren), 1.36; Icones Plantarum
(Sir J. Hooker). 166 ; Iconography
of Australian species of Acacia
(Mueller), 814 ; Illustrations of
British Fungi (Dr. C. M. Cooke),

166 ; L'Art des Jardins : Pares, Jar-
dins, Promenades, &c. (Baron Er-
nouf), 648 ; Lectures on the Physi-
ology of Plants (Julius von Sachs,
translated by H. Marshall Ward),
688 ; Life and Letters of Charles
Darwin (Francis Darwin), 679; Life
of Charles Darwin (G. T. Bettany),

167 ; Lindenia, 108 ; Malesia, 373 ;
Manuel de I'Acclimatation (Chas.
Naudin and Baron Ferd. von Muel-
ler), 790 ; A Manual of Orchidaceous
Plants (J. Veitch & Sons), 660;
Monograph of Amaryllidaceo; (J.
G. Baker), 195; Monograph of the
Ampeliden; (Planchon), 628; Die
Natiirlichen Pflanzen Familien (Dr.
Engler) , 195, 31 1 , 438 ; The Natural-
ists' Monthly (Dr. J. W. Williams),
282; Nouv'elle Flore des Envi-
rons de Paris (Gaston Bonnier et
George de Lavens), 197 ; Oranges of
India (Dr. Bonavia), 438 ; Orchid
Album, 109 ; Die Palmen und ihren
Gattungen, (561 ; Plants that furnish
Forage at the Cape (Professor
Macowan), 195; Roses for Ama-
teurs (Rev. H. Honeywood D'Ora-
brain), 724; School Flora (W. Mar-
shall Watts), 167 ; Select Extra-tro-
pical Plants (Mueller) , 814 ; Sketches
of the Forestry of West Africa
( Alfred Moloney! C.M.G.) ,756 ; Table
Decorations (William Low), 440;
Vines and Vine Culture (Barron),
528; Water for Nothing (Shirley
Hibberd), 224

Borders, making Vine, 473

Botanical Garden, Berlin, 657 ; Edin-
burgh,112; Oxford, 721; St.Peters-
burg, 227 ; iu the West Indies,
379

Botmiical Magazine, the, 11, 127, 195,
246, 341, 433, 470,471, 620, 658, 754,
755 ; centenary volume, 755 ; his-
tory of, 45, 368

Botanical Society, Roval Belgian, the,
252

Botanical stations in the West Indies,

18, 170
Botanical specimens, 51 ; rarity, a,

308,
Bo-tree of Ceylon, accident to, 627
Boulogne, flower show at, 530
Bouquet, Royal Jubilee, 79 ; Boyal

Saxon, 341
Bournemouth, vegetation at, 626
Bousaingaultias, 762
Bouvardias, 750
Braun, Mr. John (the Cameroons),

341
Brazil-nuts, germination of, 50
Brazil, the Emperor of, 659
" Briers," Chislehurst, 747
British Association, 282, 402
British Columbia, fruit-growing in,

722
Broccoli, Veitch's Autumn Protecting,

782
Broom House, Fulham, 305
Broom root, or Mexican whisk, 104
Brunsvigia v. Crinum, 197
Bryn-y-Newadd, 130
Bulb life, ups and downs of, 595 ;

mite, its cause and cure, 255, 568,

692 (see Eucharis-mite)
Bulb-garden, the, 432, 588, 626, 652,

686, 780, 818
Bulb trade, the, 438 ; unfair trading

in, 693
Bute, vineyard of the Marquis of, 628
Buxus Balearica, 818

Cactds and decorative Dahlias, 473 ; at

Swanley, 20
Cacti in Arizona, 17 ; night flowering,

130
Calanthe natalensis, 368
Calceolarias, herbaceous, 110
Calliandra tergemina, 360
Campanula isophylla var. alba, 307
Campanula turbinata, 495 ; C. Vidalli,

284
Camphor in Taiwan, 166
Canada, Apple crop in, 167
Canada, Christmas in, 786
Canadian fruit, 438
Canker in Apples, 431, 504. 726
Cape, a month at the, 271, 420, 519
Caraipa sp. (O Tomakoare), 658
Carnation, earliest scarlet bizarre,

the, 138 ; modern form of the, 100 ;

(Clove) Paul Engleheart, 409
Carnations, 568 ; and Picotees, at

Dickson's. 378; at Matlock, 284;

fringed, 378 ; new fancy, 306 ; split '

pod, 344
Carpeting large-growing shrubs and

trees, 253
Carters' Chrysanthemums, 596
Carter's Provident Sick Fund, 626
Cascade du Lac des Minimes in the

Bois de Vinceunes, 556
Caspary, the late Dr. R., 500, 628
Cassia corymbosa, 396
Catasetum Bungerothi, 431, 504; C.

longifolium, 491
Cattleva, a prolified, 12 ; C. calummata

X , 335 ; C. crispa, 305 ; with many

flowers, 344; C. Loddigesii, 472;

C. Mendelii, Handley's var., 14; C.

Mossiffi aurea grandiflora, 219 ; C.

porphyrophlebia X, 335; C. soro-

ria, 788 ; C. Wagneri, 472
Cattleyas and Odontoglossums at

Tring Park, 14

IV The Garden

INDEX.

tUocemberSl.lSs;-

Cauliflowers on undrained land, 22

Celeriac, 782

Ceratotheca tiiloba, 402

Centranthus ruber, 21

Cereits graudiflorus at Floore House,

139
Ceylon, accident to the sacred Bo-tree

of, 627
Chama;rops Fortunei, 81, 11], 314 ;

flowering, 54
Champions (Grape exhibitors), 793
Charlesworth's, Mr., Orchids at, 430
Chatsworth, Disa gi^andiflora superba

at, 155
Cheiranthus Marshalli, 18, 81
Chemistry of vegetable life, the, 3(11
Chenopodium atriplicis, 400
China Asters, 300
China, opium in, 500
1 'hinese Koses, 788

Chiswick, Asters at, 1,55 ; Committees'
awards at, 70 ; dwarf Tropttolunis
at, 155 ; Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums at,
155 ; meeting of the Floral Com-
mittee at, 312; notes, 12; Potato and
Tomato trials at, 411; vegetable
trials at, 252. (See also under Royal
Horticultural Society.)
Christmas in Canada, 786
Christmas Pears, 781
Christmas, new Potatos at, 228
Christmas Kose, the, 463, 586, 051 ;

Eiverston hybrid, 439
Chrysalids and their colour. 658
Chrysanthemums, new, worth growing,

780
Chrysanthemum arcticum, 524 ; shows,

list of, 498; judges at, 817
Chrysanthemums, 441, 630; as decora-
tive plants, 396 ; new and old, 666,
780; new white, 811; vases
of, at exhibition, 726 ; at Abbey
Park, Leicester, 593; at Carter's,
596 ; at Devizes show. Gold Cup for,
657 ; at Finsbury Park, 594 ; at
Laing's, 596 ; at Stevens', 631 ; at
Veitch's, 5(13
Cinchona in Java, 167 ; in Victoria,

196
Cineraria, 557

Cirrhopetalum ornatissimum, 595
Citrons in Corsica, 370
Cladosporium lycupersici 408 ; C.

fulvum, 632
Clematis grafting, 762 ; C. viorna coc-

cinea, 444 ; C. vital ha, 817
Clerodendron Thomsona; var, Balfour-

iana, 127
Clove Carnation, Mrs. Reynolds Hole,

224
Clover, Californian and Japanese, 80
Codonopsis ovata, 63, 81
Cielogvne corymbosa, 73, 341
Colchicum sp., 686
Colonial Notes, 131, 308, 375,407,590,

629, 716
Coloured leaves, colours of, 626
Colour of chrysalids, 658
Colour of flowers, method of preserv-
ing when dried, 701
Comparettia macropleetron, 335
Conifers, nomenclature of, 195, 785
Conifers at Dropmore, 246; at Hafo-
dunos, 749 : planting and I'enovating,
628
Conophallns Titanum, a giant Aroid,

215
Conservatory at llendre, Jlonmouth,

1.30
Conservatory, is it a building? ,343
Constantinoi)le, ini])ortation of for-
eign products into, 432
Co-operation and allotment gardens,

250
Coplev Medal, 690, 723
Copt Hall, 73

Crab as a law n tn-e. the, 740
Cranibe cordifolja, 12
Crane fly. tlie, 409

Crinum augustum. 780; C. Comme-
lyni, 783; C. Hildebrandtii, 780 ; C.
Moorei. 252, 600, 794
Croci, autumn, 588 ; and winter, 652
Crotons. 532

Cryptophoranthus, or window-bearing
Orchids, genus of, 092

Cucumber, a new yellow, 502 ; a bunch
of. 21 ; Jewel, 502 ; peculiarities,
.')U4 ; seed germination of, 466

Cultural memoranda, 20, 110, 132,
•'iOO, 532, 557

Cyclamens, germination of, 596, 061

Cynoches chlorochilum, 431

Cymbidium elegans, 587

Cypripedium Marshallianum, 788; C.
concolor, 650 ; C. euryandrum X ,
0.50; C. lipless, 244; C. macrop-
tcrum X , 335 ; C. Measuresianum X ,
050 ; C. platytienium and C. Stonei
in one flower, 156 ; C. priestans. 243,
814 ; C. Sedeni X , 657 ; C. Spiceri-
anum, 685 ; C. superbiens, 157 ; C.
Tautzianum, 587 ; C. orphanorum,
284

Cypripediums at Oakwortli House, 788

DAULii Show, Grand National, 7."i4

Dahlia, single. Paragon, 379

Dahlias, Cactus, 374 ; Cactus and dec-
orative, 504 ; single, 344

Daisies, double ox eye, 82

Dalton and Joule, 312

Dammara robusta. 000

Darwin, Life. &c., 670; medal, the, 51

Dean Hole. 754

Delphinium, a new lellow, 558

Delphiniums and Pa;onies, 71 ; habits
of, 168

Dendrobium aureum, 787 ; D. bigib-
bum, 397 ; D. ccelogyne, 587, 661 ; D.
densiflorum, 650 ; D. Farmeri, 333 ;
D. formosum giganteum, 788 ; D.
Loddigesii, 786; 1). Phalffinopsis,
717 ; D. polyphlebium, 6-27 ; D. pul-
chellum, 155 ; D. purpureum, 28:j ;
D. purpureum var candidulum, 244 ;
D. Wardianum, a winter bloomer,
747

Deodar, a cone-producing, 248

Devizes Castle, 196

Diacrium bicornutum, 44

Dilophospora graminis, 589

Dimorphotheca fruticosa, 398

Dinner-table decorations, 503

Disa grandiflora, 199, 284, 313. 344 ;
and its varieties, 220 ; superba. at
Chatsworth, 138, 155 ; at Straffan,
199

Dishonest exhibiting, 252

Disease of Apple tree, 780 ; of Iiis re-
ticulata, 313; of Onion, 468; of
Tomatos, 167, 408 410. 532

Doctoi-s. botany for. 657

Double-fioweied species of Oxalis, 726

Double grafting, 750

Douglas Fir, the, 427

Douglasia laivigata. (J84

Drainage, rain and well waters, con-
stituents of, 102. 367

Drawings of Narcissi, 692

" Droppers," 475

Drought, a retrospect, 185 ; experi-
ences, 198. 227 ; in the garden, 222;
Isle of Wight, 285 ; South of Ire-
laud, 284 ; twelve weeks of, 283

Earwigs, 318

Economic forestry, .342

Edinburgh A])ple and Pear Congress,

404; Botanic Gardens, 112
Education, technical and other, 80,

169
Eichornea azurea, 590, 816
Ela;ocarpus cyaneus, 169
Electric liglit and plants, 500
Emigration. 109
Emperor of Brazil, the, 659
Enceplialartos Altensteiuii, 280
England, Tobacco culture in, 714
Engler's Hatiirlwhen Pjlan-en Familun,
438

English show seen through foreign
spectacles. 494

Enville Hall, 551

Epidendrum Mattliewsii, 431 ; E. ne-
morale, 155

Eryngium maritimum, 557

Eryngiuma, 306

Eria muscicola, 522

Esp.^rto, Hemp, and Tobacco in Mo-
rocco, 432

Eucharis Candida, a new insect infesting
tlie bulbs of, 376 ; E. Mastersii, 70

Eucharis or bulb-raite (see Bulb-mite),
228

Eucalypti, 784

Euonymus japonicus, 690

Excursion of the Scottish Alpine Bo-
tanical Club to Norway, 274

Exhibition honours, Messrs. Sutton &
Sons, 722

Exhibitor's cards, 568, 6:10

lOxperiments in growing hardy fjuit in
Scotland, 502

Fasciated Pine-app'.e, 283

Fernando Noronha, 563, 694

Ferns and tlieir cultivation, 398 ; hy-
bridisation, 336 ; how to sow the
spore, 335 ; our native, and their
varieties, 74, 128, 277. 335, 624, 566

Fei'ns, hardy, at Kew, 785

Fertilising moss, 726; at Gunnersbury
Park. 757, 810

Fir, Douglas, the first large plantation
of, 427

Flagstaff at Kew, the, 350

Flora eaotiea. &c., 567. 588, 629

Flora, New Guinea, 500

Floral court dresses, 562; decorations,
78

Floricitltnral Cabinet and Florists'
Magazine, 343

Florists' flowers, culture of, &c., 44,
100. 132. 306, 338, 407, 441, 501,
590, 623. 756, 811 ; at Blantyre, 244

Flower-farming and peifume-making
in the South of France, 195, 434

Flower garden, the, management of,
&c., 14. 76, 133, 193, 249, 309, .S75,
443, 490, 559, 623, 755, 687, 719,
751

Flower gardening, 380

Flower holders, " the Mikado," 82

Flowers, forced in winter, 711 ; in
season, 1.8, 1.30 ; dried, method of
preserving colour in, 761

Fly. the yellow Water Lily, 243

Forbury Gardens, Reading, 282

Forced flowers in winter, 711 ; Lilac.
755

Foreign correspondence. 82. 103, 227,
433, .530, 564, 588, 633, 654, 715,
748, 815

Foreign products, 369

Forest conservancy in Canada, 103 ;
report of the Select Committee on,
222

Forestry, 52, 73, 105, 221, 253, 309,
3.39, 403, 435. 473, 634, 566, 622,
654, 686, 726, 750, 818 ; report of the
Select Committee of the House of
Commons on, 203 ; school of, 70

Fossil tree, a large, 630

France, holiday in Southern and
Central, a, 58.3, 083, 714, 743, 775

France, south of. flower farming and
perfume making in, 434

Freesias, 143

Frost and leaf effects, 595

Frosts, early, 228. 444; effects of
recent. 001 ; on August 15, 255

Fruit crdjis, the. 64, 166; remarks on,
158. 1.S6 ; cultiv.ition in San Fran-
cisco, 432; and the drought, 109; in
Bedale, 228 ; at Greenbourne, 442

Fruit glowing, 46 ; experiments in
Scotland, 502

Fruit in Wiirtemburg, consumption of,

500
Fruit packing, ICO

Fruit register, 11, 105, 220, 369, 555,

652, 781
Fruit trade of Tonga and Fiji, 19 ;

trees in pots, 630 ; value of in

London markets, 439
Fruits, Canadian, 438
Fruits under glass, culture of, 15, 51,

77, 11.3, 137, 167, 108, 221, 279,

343, 375, 403, 443, 474, 407, 527,

.550, 501, 623. 655. 687, 751,783,811
Fuchsia triphylla, 307
Fuchsias at Market Lavington, 374 ;

specimen, 614
Fungus in Mushroom-house, 283 ; on

Wheat, 589 ; show at Paris, 564
Fungi, nomenclature of, 589

Galeandra DescagnoUeana, 306

Garden allotments and small holding?,
750 ; atRothamsted, 460

Garden flowers, drawings of, 444 ;

Garden Palms, 156, 304 ; Roses of
India, 430

Garden, French town, a, 254; the
Wilson, at Wislev, 225

Gardens of Oxford,"l53, 213, 459

Gardeners' grievances, 474

Gardeners' Orphan Fund. 19, 48, 69,
81, 136, 194. 430. 502. 721

Gardeners' Roval Benevolent Institi.-
tion, 18. 23, 312, 341

Gardeners' term, (ii\5

Gardening, history of, 560

Gentiana sceptrum, 248

Germany, Phylloxera regulations ir,
194

Germination of Brazil-nuts, 50 ; of
Cyclamen, 661

Ghent, Chambre Syndicale. 498, 658,
786; Quinquennial. 106. 626 ; Royal
Agricultural and Botanical Society
of, 196

Ginger in Siam, 370

Gladiolus aurantiacus. 273: G. draco-
cephalus and G. Eckloni, 216 ; species,
new, 308 ; studies on the, 019

Glasgow Botanical Gardens, 241 ; Ne-
cropolis, 43

Glasshouses at Great Gearies, 226,
252

Gomphocarpus species, 420

Gordon Nursery, Twickenham, 779

Goodrich Court, notes at, 81

(lOoseberrv, Whinham's Industry, 555

Gooseberries, 220, 372, 400

Gourds at Kew, 273

Grafting, effects of, on the Vine, 620

Grand National Dahlia show, 754

Grange, the, 210

Grape disease, a new, 620; Gros Col-
mar in an unheated house, 410;
judging at the Crystal Palace, 312,
341 ; Salamanca, 467, 686 ; Vine, a
huge, 755

Grapes, 4.33; and Peaches in houses
against west walls, 444, 474

Grapes at Clovenfords, 377 ; at Long-
leat, 748 ; badly setting, 657 ; Black
Hamburgh, for late use, 652, 793 ;
heavy crop of Black Hamburgh, 691 ;
keeping when cut, 691 ; out-of-doors,
4-14; stands for exliibiting. 20

Grass and Clover crops, 282

Grasses, African, for vases, 666

Gray, Asa, Dr., 721

Great Gearies, the glasshouses at, 226,
252

Green, Mr., appointment of, as Pro-
fessor of Botany to the Pharmaceu-
tical .*^ociety, 224

Greenbourne, hardy fruit growing at,

442
Greenfly, to kill, 466

Greenhouse, Hibiscus, varieties of,

273
Greenhouses and the Building Act,

310, 374
Grenada Botanic Garden, 157
(Jrouping hardy flowering plants,
521

Tlvo G.irJ.- or/ Chroiiic'o,]

INDEX.

[December 31, 1867.

Gum trees, 784

Guuneisbury Park, gardening at, 587

Gustavia ptevocarpa, Gl'J

HajIst, Sir Julian von, 225
Hackwood, vefretables at, 568
HiBmanthus coccineus, .'W
Hal'odunos, Pinetum at, 740
Hailstones, 530
Hakea microoarpa, 13
Hard wood, a, 438
Hardy flowering and foliage plants,

grouping for effect, 336, 402 ; stray

notes on, 53, 74
Hardy fruit garden, management of, 15,

52, 133, 167, 198, 221, 249, 28;!,

309, 342, 375,403, 4;35, 467, 497,

531, 566, 591, 623, 655, 687, 719,

751,783,811
Hawaii, 715
Harpenden, Apple and Pear Congress

at, 626
Harpham, Mr. 167
Hatfield, 79

Hawke, the late Lord, 754
Hawortli, Narcissus of, 748,79.3
Hay-fever, 18
Heating glashouses, 344
Hedychium longifolium. 594
Helleborus niger var. vernalis, 691 ;

Riverston hybrid, 504 (See Christ-
mas Roses.)
Helianthus rigidus, 366
Helichrysum rosmarinifolium, 13
Helicophyllum Alberti, 754
Helicteres isora, 366
Hemlock Spruce, 471
Hen-and-Chicken Pine-apple, 314
Herbaceous border, 19, 248, 3CG ;

plants, cultivation of, 615, 682
Hexesia bidentata, 431
Hibiscus cisplatanus, 366 ; H. coccineus,

366 ; H. rosa sinenis, 530
Hibiscuses, greenhouse, 273
Hildebrandia sandwicensis, 341
History of Gardoiing, 560
Hepatica and Adonis amurensis, Ja-
panese vars. of, 491
Hole, Dean. Rev., 754
Holidav jottings in the Isle of Man,

462,491, 595
Holiday in Central and Southern

France, a, 583, 683 ; (Landes to

Bayonne), 714, 743. 775
Holly as a wind screen. 661
Hollyhock, the, 196, 441 ; propagation

of, 318
Home nursery, the, 339
Honeydew, 661
Honey marketing. 308 ; poisonous,

626
Honours to horticulturists, Baltet and

Vilmorin, 433
Hop-plant louse, 333, 342; problem

solved (Riley), 501
Horticultural Club. 136, 500, 755
Hot-water pipes, 478
House's exhibition box, 40
Hoya imperialis, 54
Hooker, Sir J. D., 723
Humea elegans, 366
Hunnemannia fumarifolia, 252
Huntley, Mr. J., testimonial to, 282
Hyacinth, the, 22 ; trade, 404
Hypericum calycinum, 132

Iberis sempervirens, double white,
81

Ilfracombe disaster, .3.36

Ilsington, a fire at, 196

Imperial Institute, 48 ; report of Or-
ganising Committee, 722

Imports, our, 785

India, garden Roses of, 430

Indian Pinks, 22

Insecticide, an, 692, 781

Insectivorous plants at Royal Cale-
donian show, 346

Insect pests ol forestry, 105 ; washes,
58

Insects in seeds, how to get rid of,
471

Inventions, 40, 82

Ipomcea rubra-ca-rulea, 619

Iris Kingiana, 341

Iris reticulata, disease of, 313, 5.58

Irises, 12

Irish garden, an, 37, 489

Isle of Man, holiday jottings in the,
462, 491, 595

Italy and the Phylloxera laws, 433

Ivy growing on and under trees, 54

Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums at Chiswick,
155

Jamieson, Mr., presentation to, 690
Japanese Maples, 310 ; silkworms,

,500; varieties of Hepatica and

Adonis, 491
Jardin des Plantee, 282
Jasminum Sambac, 313, 344
Java, Cinchona in, 167
Johnston, Mrs., 'rt'^o
Jubilee tree, planting of, at Bridge of

Allan, 658

K

Kale, Read's new Hearting, 782

Keeping Apples and Pears, 793

Kellogg, Dr. A., 224

Kelway's nursery (Pa;onies and Del-
phiniums), 71

Kenmare House. 97

Kerosene emulsions, 657

Keteleeria (Abies) Fortunei, 440

Km Bulletin, the, 166, 232, 438, 058,
785

Kew, hardy Ferns at, 785

Kew Notes, 10, 130, 273 ; the flagstaff
at, 350

Keynes, \yilliams & Co., Salisbury,
notes from, 465

Killarney, Lakes of, 647

Kilnside, Paisley, 653

Kitchen Garden, the, management of,
15, 80, 137, 163, 193, 249, 309, 371,
403, 435, 497, 559, 655, 687, 623,
751, 783

ICniphofia Macowani, 308 ; and K,
corallina, .344

Knowle House, 224

K(elreuteria paniculata, 563

Label holder, 26
La Belgiquc Horticole, 755
Laburnum flowering out of season, 313
Ladder, Heathman's extension. 476
Lselia autumnalis atro-rubens, 685 ; L.
exoniensis, parentage of, 716 ; L.
monophylla, 334 ; L. anceps grandi-
flora, 788
Lagerstromia indica, 273
Laing's Chrysanthemums, 596
Lakes of Killarney, the, 617
Landolphia florida, 658
Landscape gardening, 109, 648
Lapagerias at Nash Court, Faversham,
333 ; at Veitch's, 5.38 ; white turn-
ing to a red one, 503
Larch, weeping, the, 684
Lathyrus cccruleus azureus, 757, 816;

L. magellanicus, 757
Lauriston Hall, rockwork at, 138
Lavanderette, 441

Law Notes ; —
Andrews i'. Great Eastern Railway

Company, 244, 412
Claim for infertile seeds, 505

Gardener v. Mansbridge (Mushroom
gathering), 50

The Great Eastern Railway Com-
pany and nursery grounds at Strat-
ford, 244, 412

High-handed conduct of Acton Local
Board of Surveyors, 476

Pea warranty : Yorkshire case, 477

Richardson i<. H. Clarke & Co.,

Smith & Son v. Waite, Nash & Co.

(mixed seed), 569

Lawns and corrosive sublimate, 757 ;
destroying worms on, 726

Leaves, albino, 373 ; colours of co-
loured, 626 ; use of, 108

Legume, a sticky seeded, 432

Leguminosa;, source of their nitrogen,
312

Lemon tree leaves falling, 478

Le Notre, 748

Lettuces, 306 ; Wheeler's Tom Thumb,
410

Leyswood, 272

Licuala grandis, 816

Lilac, forced, 755

Lilium auratum, 410, 444 ; large, 378 ;
L. Brownii, 108, 200 ; L. polyphyl-
lum, 138, 284 ; L. speciosum album
verum, 474, 630; speciosum, varie-
ties, 504, G91

Liliums, 311

Lily, a new Indian, 526, 726 ; seeding
of the common white, 594

Lilies, potting, 504

Lily of the Valley, 558, 654 ; in sum-
mer, 755 ; fungus, 504

Lime applied to land, 285

Lincolnshire, seed crops in, 650

Lindenia, 341, 658

Linnean Society, 6.58

Lipless Cypripedium, 244

Lobelias, herbaceous, 278; L. sub-
nuda, 304

London Boulevard Association, 108;
markets, value of fruit in the, 439 ;
parks, 17

Longleat, Grapes at, 748

Loss preventible in agriculture, 338

Lupinus albo-coccineus nanus, 596

Lycaste plana Measuresiana, 788

Lychnis, a hybrid, 56, 79, lOO

Lycium barbarum, to destroy suckers
of, 478

M

Macdoff Horticultural Association, 244

Macon, Vine Congress at, 785

Manchester Apple and Pear Show, 438

Manchester Exhibition, 18

Manchester Horticultural Improve-
ment Society, 659

Mandevilla suaveolens, 661 ; fruiting,
626; pods of, 810

Mangos, grafting, 530

Manitoba, Strawberries in, 196

Maples, Japanese, 310

Market fruit, 49

Marketing honey, 308

Marvel of Peru, 474

Jlasdevallia hieroglyphica, 334; M.
muscosa, 522 ; M. platyglossa, 717,
787

Masdevallias at Kew, 10

Classing hardy plants for effect, 336

Mass of roots (What is it ? "), 494

Maxillaria punctata, 787

Mealy-bug and brown scale, to kill, 729

Measures, Mr., Orchids, 14

Melons, 111

Metropolitan parks, area of, 166 ; Pub-
lic Gardens Association, 372

Mexican Whisk, or Broom-root, 104;
products, 432

Mice and Snowdrops, 666

Mildew and sulphate of copper, 166

Milk, boil it, 18

Millettia cafl'ra (a hard wood), 433

Millipedes, 314

Milton Vineries, 553

Miltonia spectabilis var. Morelliana,

Mimulus, hybrid, 138

Mina lobata at Kew, 243

Mistleto on the Peach, 249

Monifieth Nurseries, 441

Monstrous Mushrooms, 723

Month at the Cape, a, 331

Moore, the late Mr. T., 49, 134 ; me-
morial to, 166

Morello, origin of word. 729

Moriua betonicoides, GoS

Jlorocco, Tobacco, Hemp, and Esparto
in, 432

Moss, fertilising, 726, 757, 810 ; litter,
066

Mucilage cells of Blechnum occidentale
and Osmunda regalis, 282

Mulberries, 792

Musa Ensete, 471

Muscats, Longleat, 793, 817

Mushroom growing, failures in, 691 ;
in a railway tunnel, 345 ; house,
fungus in, 283 ; monstrous, 723 ;
spawn, 7-57

Mystacidium filicorne, 134, 686

N

Narcissi, drawings of, 692

Narcissus, 715 ; bulbs, effects of Silt on,

378; Madame deGraaf, 111; ofHa-

worth, 748 ; viridiflorus, 686
Natal, 629

Native Ferns, our, 335
National Chrj-santhemum Society. 311,

7.54 ; Rose Society, 690 ; Auricula

Society, 564
Nelumbium luteum, 273 ; the white,

406,445
Nepenthes, 624 ; at Veitch's, 438 ; cul-
ture of 442 ; N. Curtisii, N. cylin-

drica, 521
Nephrosperma Van Hoiitteaua, 156
New plants certificated, 747
Newton's patent glazing, 136
New Guinea Flora, 500
New Zealand, notes from, 308
Nipa fruticans, 1.57, 716
Nomenclature of Conifers, 785
Norfolk, rainfall in, 199
Nova Scotia, Apple industry in, 407 ;

the Apple crop of, 283
Novel meeting, a, 379
North of Scotland Apiarian Societv,

536
Nunnezharia Palm, 157
Nurserymen and the Poor-rate, 562
Nursery notes, Mr. Kinghorn's, 625;

Mr. Bull's, 683
Nursery stock, removal of, 318
Nurseries, Monifieth, 441 ; rating of,

16
Nymphffia Kewensis X, 866; N. tu-

berosa var. flavescens, S66

Oak, evergreen, 374
Oak forests of Tunis, 633 ; Phylloxera
of the, 340 ; stool grown, 309

Obitoart : — Atlee, Jane, 697 ; Baird,
Professor, 289; Eyles, Geo, 754;
Ferguson, William, 312 ; Fernsee,
Chevalier Henri Wawra de, 109 ;
Fowler, Archibald, 219; Gale,
G., 536 ; Haast, Sir Julian, 225 ;
Heale, William, 477 ; Hovey, Charles,
349 ; Johnston, George, 473 ; Meyer,
Karl, 196 ; Moore, Captain .lohn B.,
289 ; Moore, Elizabeth, 697 ; Rogers,
Wilfrid, 289; Sherwin, W., 173;
Spalding, Samuel, 26 ; Spary, E., 820

Octomeria supra-glauca, 716

Odontoglossum Andersonianum splen-
dens, 220 ; 0. cuspidatum, 244 ; 0.
Harryanum, 168, 335 ; O. luteo-pur-
pureum sceptrum, 472 ; 0. Roezlii,
747 ; 0. Pescatorei var. Germinya-
num, 788

Odontoglossums at Howick House, 725

Vi The Qardeneri' Chronicle,]

INDEX.

[December 31, 1887.

CEnocarpus Bacaba, 157 ; 0. Batana,
157 ; 0. edulis, 157

Oil seed, a new, 19

Oldenburghia arbuscula, 429

Olearia Traversii, 186 ; flowering, 52

Olive oil and its adulteration, 815

Oliver Wendel Holmes, Dr., 252

Oncidium dasytvle, 278 ; 0. Jonesia-
num, union of flowers of, 252 ; 0.
Lanceauum, .334 ; 0. micropogon,
278, 765 ; O. Papilio, 617

Oncosperma fasciculatum, 157 : fila-
mentosum, 157 ; horridum, 157

Onion disease, 468

Opium in China, 500

Oranges, 715

Oranges of India, 4.38

Oranges ripe, gathered, 755

Orania macrocladus, 157 ; O. nivea,
157 ; 0. regalis, 157

Orchard houses, 783

Orchis pyramidalis, 14

Orchid-houses, management of, 77,
105, 163, 220, 279, 342, 408, 472,
527,591,654,718,783,811

Orchid naming, 718, 757

Orchid nomenclature, 532, 629

Orchid Notes and Gleanings, 14, 47,
99, 129, 155, 219, 244, 378. 334, 368,
397, 431, 472, 491, 522, 587, 627,
685, 716, 747, 787 ; roots, buds on,
554

Orchid Society, an, 814

Orchids at Backhouse's Nursery, York,
465 ; at Bull's, 627, 683 ; Charles-
worth, 4.30; Freeland, Perth, 47;
Heaton House, Cheshunt, 649; Kew,
99; Liverpool Exhibition, 755; Li-
verpool Horticultural Cora])any, 370 ;
Low & Co.'s, 815 ; Sudbury House,
47 ; Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, 278 ;
Williams' Nursery, 501 ; Wilton
House, Southampton, 129 ; The
Woodlands, 788

Orchids, Indian, 74 ; watering, 409

Oreodoxa oleracea, 304 ; 0. regia, 304

Ormiston fruit gardens, 276

Ornamental ioliaged plants at Gun-
nersbury Park, 662

Orphan Fund, Gardeners', 721

Orphanura, the word, 231

Osmanthus aquifolius, 378 ; O. Toma-
koare, species of Caraipa, 658

Othello Vines, 438

Ouvirandra fenestralis, 246

Owen's nursery. Maidenhead, 565

Oxalis, double flowered species of, 726

Oxalis imbricata, double flowered
variety, 681

Oxford Botanic Gardens, 721 ; new
curator, 754

Oxford, gardens of, 153, 213, 395, 459

Oxford House Labour Association,
593

Pachycarpus, sp., 429

Paeonies and Delphiniums, 71

Pa:onies, Tree, 49

Palms, Date, monoecious, 530; Nipa,
156 ; CEnocarpus. 157 ; Oncosperma,
157; Orania, 1.57; Oreodoxa, 304;
Phoinicophorium, 304 ; Pliolido-
carpus, 304 ; Phvtelephas, 305

Palm, scale on, 478

Palm-leaf pockets, 785

Palms, West Indian, 625

Pansy, the; 666

Pansies, 21, 337

Parasite on Tobacco plants, 3.33

Papaw, new half-hardy hybrid, 716

Parcel post, 342

Parentage of Lslia exoniensisx. 716

Paris Exhibition, 625 ; report of fungus
meeting, 565 ; Horticultural Con-
gress, 722

Parks, area of metropolitan, 166

Passion-flower Constance Elliott, 252

Patchouly, 616

Pea, blue Sweet, 252

Peas, new, 81; new and old, 618;
Telephone as a late variety, 503

Peach buds falling, 752 ; growing at
Woburn, 470 ; Mistleto on, 249 ;

splitting at the stone, 26 ; Waterloo,

11
Peaches on Hawthorn, 252
Pear Congress, the, 250
Pear Dana's Hovey, 11 ; d'Hiver, 442 ;

Fair Maggie, 555 ; Knights' Monarch,

690 ; La Croix, 442 ; Madame Stotf,

220 ; Quince Jargonelle, 369 ; trees,

a curiosity in, 307
Pears at Chiswick, 369 ; in East Corn-
wall, 442; Christmas, 781; imported,

808 ; October, 525
Pelargonium, the, 226
Penrhyn Castle gardens, 43
Pentstemons in the Edinburgh nur-
series, 377
People's Palace. 405 ; flower show at,

135
Peripatetic horticultural Professors,

658
Periwinkle disease (Pucoinia vincse),

227
Peristeria elata, propagating of, 532
Permanent and Temporary Pastures,

722
Peter Lawson & Son (Limited), 167,

252
Petroleum heating stove, 60 1
Petunias, 136

PhKdranassa chloracea, 224
Phalienopsis Lowii, 491, 746, 816 ; P.

Mariffi, 658 ; P. Stuartiana, 156 ; P.

Stuartiana with buds on roots,

629
Philadelphus microphyllus, 156
Philosophy of watering plants, 139
Phlox Drummondi grandiflora, 379
Phylloxera in Wiirtemburg, 657 ; laws,

136, 372, 373, 814 ; and Italy, 4.33 ;

regulations in Germanv, 194
Phylloxera of the Oak, 340
Physianthus albens, the fruit of, 652
Phytelephas macrocarpa, 305
Phyteuma comosum, 54
Phytolacca electrica, 50
Picotees. (See Carnations.)
Pine-apple, fasciated, a, 283 ; Hen-and-

Cbicken, 314
Pines at Chatsworth, 253
Pinetum at Hafodunos, 749
Pinguicula caudata, 379; P. Bakeri,

341
Pink, the, 441 ; new, Mrs. Minty, 192
Pitcher plants, 624
Plant food, 470, 533 ; names, 228
Plant notes, 619, 816

Plant Portraits ; — Aerides Fielding!,
654 ; A. Godefroyanum, 654 ; A.
HouUetianum, 341 ; Alocasia Ville-
neuvei,197; Alseuosmiamacrophvlla,
195 ; Angrxcum caudatum, 56 ;
Apple Reder's Golden Reinette. 56 ;
Asplenium falcitum. 814 ; Barleria
repens, 341 ; Boronia heterophylla,
054 ; Bouvardia hybrida Hogarth,
56 ; Catasetum Bungerotliii, 341 ;
Cattleya Gaskelliana, 654 ; C. virgi-
nalis,341 ; Crelogynecorymbosa. 341 ;
Combretum coccineum, 814 ; Cym-
bidium giganteum, 56 ; Cypripe-
dium caudatum, 782; C, praistans,
341 ; Dendrobium infundibulum. 197 ;
Epidendrum amabile, 654 ; E. oncidi-
oides, 814; EpiphyllumRussellianum
Gartneri, 654 ; Escallonia revoluta,
195; Glycine sinensis, 814; Habenaria
militaris, 56 ; Hildebrandtia sand-
wicensis, 341 ; IlouUetia odoratis-
sima, 654; Ipom.iia Roberts!, 195;
Iris Kingiana, 341 ; Leucoium au-
tumnale, 654 ; Linaria depau-
perata, 341 ; L. filifolia, 341 ; L.
Huteri, 341 ; Lycaste Skinner! var.
Reginai, 56 ; Miltonia spectabiiis
Moreliana, 654 ; Narcissus cycla-
mineus, 195 ; Odontoglossum bic-
tonense, 197 ; Oncidium barbatum,
782; O. hians, 197; Peach, Proskau,
054 ; Pear, Belle Epine du Mas,
654 ; Philodendron Andreanura, 782 ;
Primula obtusifolia, 341 ; Pritch-
ardia Thurstoni, 341 ; Prunus Pis-
sardi, 054; Pyrus " P. Shcidecker,"
782 ; Ranunculus raacrophyllus, 341 ;
Rhamnus balearica, 341 ; Rhododen-

dron grande var. roseum, 195 ; R.
kamschaticum, 654 ; R. virgatum,
654 ; Saxifraga longifolia X cotyle-
don, 197 ; Scilla ligulata, 6-54 ; Scu-
ticaria Steelii,782; Stellera Albert!,
782 ; Vanda coerulea, 66

Plants and electric light, 500
Plants and their culture, 15, 52, 77,
105, 133, 163, 193, 230, 248, 279,
309, 342, 371, 408, 443, 467, 497,
527, 559, 591, 623, 655, 687, 719,
750, 782, 811 ; insectivorous, 346 ;
new certificated, by the Royal Botanic
Society, 39 ; new certificated in
1887 by the Royal Horticultural So-
ciety, 20, 747 ; novel way of protect-
ing, 503 ; of Asia Minor, 722 ; philo-
sophy of watering, 139 ; Spanish and
Balearic, 341 ; sulphurous vapours,
action of, on, 819

Plants, New, or Notewohthy, De-
scribed OR Mentioned : —

Aerides odoratum birmanicum. 272;
Angrfficum calligerum, 552 ; A.
ichneumoneum, 681 ; Anthurium
acutum, 776 ; A. Scherzerianum,
460 ; Alocasia marginata, 712 ;
Calanthe veratrifolia var. Reg-
nieri, 70 ; Catasetum fimbria-
tum, 272 ; C. sanguineum inte-
grale, 214; C. Trulla subimberbe,
552 ; Cattleya labiata Wilsou-
iana, 460; C. Miss Harris, 490;
C. porphyroglossa, var. punctu-
lata, 98 ; C. Zenobia. 552 ; Cinho-
petalura Lendyanum, 70 ; C. stra-
gularium, 186, 214 ; Ccfiliopsis
hyacinthosma, 521 ; Coclogne (Ple-
ione) maculata virginea, 682 ; Cri-
num crassipes, 126 ; Cymbidium
ensifolium var. estriatum, 272 ; C.
Charles Canham, 490; C. delica-
tulura, 552 ; C. Hornianum, 428 ; C.
Lawrenceanum var. stenosemiura, 38 ;
C. Lawrenceanum var. colorata, 272 ;
C. Miss Canham, 746; C. pleisto-
chlorum, 552 ; C. praistans, 243, 814 ;
Cypripedium orbum, 778, '782; Den-
drobium aurantiacum, 98 ; D. Cybele,
778; D. Fredericksianum, 648; D.
Hookerianum, 616; D. longicorne,
214 ; D. polyphlebium. 242 ; D. pur-
pureum candidulum, 70 ; D. rutri-
ferum, 746 ; D. trigonopus, 682 ;
Disa racemosa, 809 ; Epidendrum
Kienastii, 126 ; E. stenopeta-
lum, 616; Eucomis pallidiflora, 154;
Huernia aspera, 364 ; Iris Bois-
sieri, 38; Kuiphofia Kirkii, 712;
K. pallidiflora, 396; Lailia elegans
incantans, 333 ; L. irrorata Gas-
kelliana, 520 ; L. Novelty, 490 ; L.
Timora x , 428 ; Mammillaria corni-
mamma, 186 ; Masdevallia demissa, 9 ;
M. Geleniana, 586 ; M. HinckianaX,
214 ; M. Mooreana, 777 ; M. soror-
cula, 713 ; Maxillaria molitor, 242 ;
Miltonia Bluntii Lubbersii, 649 ;
M. spectabiiis radians, 713 ; Mor-
modes vernixium, 682 ; Myrio-
carpa colipensis, 243 ; Myrmeco-
dia Beccari, 396 ; Nepenthes Cur-
tisii, 681; N. cylindrica,521 ; Notyl •
lia Bungerothii, 38 ; Odontoglossum
crispum Wolstenholmi*, 98 ; O.
cristatellum, 126, 746 ; 0. euastrum,
71 ; 0. Harryanum, 364 ; O, ioplocon,
70 ; O. Pescatorei stupendura, 186 ;
O. Schroederianum, 364 ; X stauroides
Gravetianum. 154; Oncidium has-
tatum Hemimelxnum, 127 ; O.
Hookeri, 520 ; Origanum Tourne-
fortii,71 ; Ouvirandrafenestralis,396;
Peristeria laita, 616 ; P. selligera,
272; Phala^nopsis HarriettieX, 8;
P. Luddemanniana var. hierogly-
phica, 586 ; P. Regnieriana, 746 ;
Pogonia pulchella, 186 ; Saccola-
bium Sraeeanum, 214 ; Schom-
burgkia Thomson iana, 38; Selagi-
nella dendricola, 99 ; S. diminutifolia,
99 ; S. Jenmanui, 154 ; S. pota-
roensis, 154 ; Synthyris reniformis,
586 ; Tecoma Mackenii, 332 ;

Tridax bicolor var. rosea, 428 ; Ur-
ginea urospermoides, 126 ; 'Vanda
Amesiana, 586 ; V. Sanderiana
albata, 9 ; Venidium fugax, 333 ; V,
hirsutum, 332

Plantes i'ene?ieuses, des, 341

Plants, of Asia Minor, 815 ; watering
of, 19, 39, 81, 111, 139, 168, 199,228,
255

Pleiones, 685

Pleurothallis picta, 431 ; tribuloid, 335

Plumeria acutiiolia, 197

Plymouth Strawberry, the, 19, 164, 195

Poinsettias, 726

Polemonium flavum, 658

Polygala Chanuebuxus purpurea, 76

Polygonum afline, 685

Polystachya grandiflora, 028; P. Ot-
toniana, 398, 431

Pomegranate, a double, 255

Pomological Congress at Havre, 529

Pontederia azurea, 590, 816

Poor-rate and nurserymen, 562

Poppies, hardy perennials, 22

Poplar, the female Lombardy, 304 ;the
white, as a seaside tree, 277

Populus pyramidalis Meetensis, 818

Portland cement, 169

Postal labour and the seed trade, 19

Potato crop, 373, 718 ; extraordinary,
568 ; of 1887, the, 216

Potato fertilisers, 11 ; Friesland
Beautv. 444 ; productiveness, 474 ;
scab, "283, ,313, 380, 410, 445, 533 ;
trials at Chiswick, 411 ; White Ele-
phant and Beauty of Hebron, hardi-
ness of, 255

Potatos, 255; abnormal growth of,
586 ; Beauty of Hebron and White
Elephant, characteristics of, 379 ;
earliest kidney, 729 ; extraordinary
crop of, 409, 445; heavy yield of,
533, 818 ; new, at Christmas, 228 ;
new varieties, 758 ; quality of early,
169, 228, 256

Presentation to Mr. E. H. Bradley, 756 ;
Mr. Jameson, 690

Prionium palmita, 429

Primroses, exhibiting, 630

Primula Auricula, 496 ; P. obtusifolia,
341 ; P. Rusbvi, 19 ; P. sapphirina,
21 ; P. Sieboldi, 496

Privets and their uses, 778

Prize, Empress Augusta's, won by Mr.
Sander, 79

Proliferous Adiantum, a, 170

Protea, species of, 429

Prunes in Servia, cultivation of, 137

Pruning for a crop, 690

Pseudo-Larix Kajnipferi, 440

Pumpkins, use of, 478

Pyrus (Malus) spectabiiis, 786

Queen's palace, destruction of, 786
Quercus palustris, 564
Quince, Chinese, the, 786

Rain, drainage, and well waters, con

stituents of, 102, 367
Rainfall in Norfolk, 199
Raphiolepis ovata, 13
Raspberry, black, 505
Rating of nurseries, 10
Ravenala madagascariensis, 693
Red-spider on Vines, 42
Reichenbach, Professor, 252, .310
Reutlingen Pomological Institute, 470
Rheims, vintage at, 40
Rhipsalis sarmentacea, 464
Rhododendron anthropogon, 756; R.

bullatum, 755 ; R. Bureavi, 755 ;

R. fragrans, 755 ; R. irroratum,755;

R. javanicum, 568 ; R. Lady Alice

Fitzwilliam, 530 ; R. Mr. 'NVaterer,

18; R. (Azalea) rhombicura, 755;

R. The Queen, 31
Rhododendrons from Yun-nan, 755;

grafted, 409 ; greenhouse, 399 ;

twelve good, 19

The Gardeners' Chrouicle,]

INDEX.

[December 31, 1887.

Richardia icthiopica, 20; fruiting of
out-of-doors, 626

Rock garden, 376, 495, 524

Rodriguezia secunda, 431

Roots, 432 ; of Anemone transfixed by
Couch-grass, 313

Rosa polyantlia, 659 ; R. simplicifolia,
366

Rose, Chinese, 7S8 ; budding in Sep-
tember, 4(J1 ; bush, concert be-
neath, 224 ; Dupuv Jamain as
a late, 661 ; Earl" of Dufferin,
138; Gloire de Dijon, 138 ; house,
cool, the, 686 ; La France, tor
autumnal blooming, 494 ; Madame
C. Bruant, 657 ; Madame Theresa
Levet, 630; Maruchal Niel, 143;
Puritan, new, 192 ; ui Jericho, 51 ;
of Sharon, 684 ; planting, 723 ; York
and Lancaster, 195

Rose shows, 48 ; of 1887, 400

Roses, 723; amongst the, 10 ; at Peter-
borough, 168; Book on, 478; hardi-
ness of Tea, 588 ; indoors and out,
814; in pots, 41, '6^^ ; new at Edin-
burgh Show. 110 ; new of 1.887, 492 ;
out-of-doors, 686 ; planting time,
555; single. 21; some new, 532;
Tea, in the North, 493

Roseneath, the Silver Fir at, 166

Rothamsted garden allotments, 460

Royal Botanic Society, 196

Royal Caledonian Horticultural So-
cietv, 282, 310 ; Royal Horticul-
tural Society, 7, 16, 53. 138, 168,
310, 378, 443, 498, 657, 690, 785, 793^;
circular, 720 ; and Professor Foster's
scheme for re-orgauisation, 134 ;
condition of, 436 ; special general
meeting, 752 : Strawberry /tYe, 79

Royal Horticultural Society of Aber-
deen, 274

Royal Jubilee Bouquet, 79 ; Saxon
Bouquet, 341

Rubus americanus, 99 ; R. arcticus,
685 ; R. rosoefolius, 754

Rushes, new use for, 662

Ryde Horticultural Society, 281

Sabals, the, of Jamaica and Trinidad,

625
Saccolabium bigibbum, var., 397
Salamanca Grape, the. 467
Salvia aurea, 729
Salt, effects of, on Narcissus triandrus,

283 ; Narcissus bulbs, 378
Salt for killing weeds on walks.

143
San Francisco, fruit cultivation in,

432
Sarcodes sanguinea, 406
Savoy, Gilbert's Universal, 782
Saxe-Gothaia, 684
Saxifraga cuscutiformis, 337 ; vS. ligu-

lata, var. ciliata, 524
Scale on Palm, 478 ; on Peach trees,

666
Scarlet wild flowers, 168

Scientific Committee ; — Aceras an-
throphora, 23 ; Attalea funifera
carbonised, 631 ; Bulbophyllum
barbigerum, 23 ; Cactus species, 631;
Campanulas, double, 82; Cattleya
Gaskelliana, 170 ; C. 'Wagneri, 23 ;
Cecropia stapeiiaiformis, 23 ; Ce-
rasus virginiana, 23 ; Cladosporium
fulvum, 631 ; Coquilla-uut car-
bonised, 631 ; Croci, 631 ; Cypri-
pedium Lawrenceanum, malformed,
170; Dichopogon strictus, 23; Di-
lophosphora gramiuis, 170, 631 ;
Echiandra eleutherandra, 23 ; Eryn-
gium giganteum, 170 ; species as
bee-fluwers, 631 ; fasciated stems,
170 ; Fontanesia californica, 23 ;
Frost and trees, 631 ; glazing bars
for grcehhouses, 170; new method
of, 631 ; hay fever, 82; Helianthus
occidentalis, 23; Helichrysum
(Swammerdamia) autennaria, 23 ;

Laurel leaves recovering from
frost, 70; Lilium bulbifeium, 23;
L. polyphyllum, 631 ; Liquidambar
styraciflua, 23 ; Lonicera pubescens
hyb., 23 ; Lychnis hyb., 82 ; Jlan-
devilla suaveolens, 631 ; Masdevallia
Simula, 23 '■ Melia Azaderach, 23 ;
Jliltonia vexillaria, 23 ; monstrous
flowers, 23, 631 ; Myrsiphyllum as-
paragoides. 23 ; Nicotiana atfinis,
170 ; plants exhibited, 23 ; Pole-
monium flavum, 23 ; Rose Celestial.
82 : York and Lancaster, 82 ; rust
on plants. 170; Solanum cornicu-
latum,631 ; Streptocarpus hyb., 170;
Styrax japonica, 23 ; Syringa, Ja-
panese, a, 23 ; Taraus, fasciated, 82 ;
Weevils in Orchids, 631 ; '^''heat,
varieties of, 170

Scion, influence of, on stock, 284, 368

Scion, eff"ect of stock on, 409

Scotch Fir, large, 400

Scotland, 43, 376, 412, 441, 536, 569,
665, 761, 816 ; experiment in growing
hardy fruit, 502 : largest Yews in,
102

Scottish Arboricultural Societv, to use
word " Royal," 500, 786 ; Horticul-
tural Society. 438,

Scuticaria Steelii. 431

Seakale, 782

Se.ison, the, 444

Seed crops, Dutch, 405; in Lincoln-
shire, 6.50 ; Harvest of 1877, 495 ;
Tomato, cleaning, 691 ; trade, 103,
816 ; and Sunday postal labour, 50

Seeds, how to get rid of insects in,
471; preservation of, 49; vitality
of, 131

Selaginella CBsia, hardihood of, 786

Self-help scheme, the, 22

Serkys Tea, 39

Shallots, planting, 795

Shanks & Co., 728

Shi inking seasoned timber, 534

Show, English, seen .through foreign
spectacles, 494

Siam, Teak in, 530

Silene pusilla, 44, 138

Silkworms, Japanese, 500

Silver Fir at Roseneath, 166, 248

Simaba Cedron (Snake-bite cure), 721

Smet, Louis de, 196

Smyrna, vegetable products of, 527

Snake-bite cure, Simaba Cedron, 721

Snow plant of Sierra Nevada, 406

Societies : — Aberdeen Horticultural,
202, 377, 696, 725; Agri-Horti-
cultnral of Kandy. 24 ; Ameri-
can Florists' 755 ; Aylesbury
Floral, 112 ; Banbury Chrysanthe-
mum. 695 ; Basingstoke, 257 ; Bath,
86, 632; Floral Fete, 347; Brain-
tree and Backing, 86 ; Brighton and
Hove, 631 ; Brighton and Sussex,
85, 381 ; Cercle Horticole Van
Houtte, 288 ; Chelmsford and Essex
Horticultural, 663; Cheshunt, 633;
Chichester and West Sussex Chry-
santhemum, 696 ; Chiswick, 112,
633 ; Clonmel, 663 ; Cryptogamic of
Scotland, 476 ; Crystal Palace, 83 ;
Fruit Show, 314, 445, 471, 599;
Derby, 627 ; Devizes, 663 ; Devon and
Exeter Horticultural, 285, 600, 631,
722 ; Dundee, 376, 725 ; Dunmore
East, 259 ; Eastbourne Horticul-
tural, 286 ; Edinburgh Botanical,
171, 662, 790 ; Ediuburgh Market
Gardeners, 792 ; Glasgow and West
of Scotland Horticultural, 345 ;
Gloucester and Cheltenham, 411 ;
Grand National Dahlia, 315; and
annual meeting, 754 ; Harpenden
Horticultural, 287 ; Apple and Pear
Congress, 760 ; Hastings, St. Leo-
nard's and East Sussex, 256 ; Hud-
dersfield, 633 ; Insch, 276 ; Kingston,
599; Leek Rose, 113; Leighton
Buzzard, 229 ; Lewisham and Dis-
trict, 113; Luton, 229, 693; Fruit,
Root and Vegetable, 476 ; Linnean,
722 ; Liverpool Horticultural Asso-
ciation, 171, 728 ; Manchester, 380,

600, 659, 727; Rose, 141; Mat-
lock Bath, 229 ; National Auri-
cula, 722 ; and Carnation and
Picotee, 722 ; annual meeting,

754 ; Northern, 201 ; Southern, 140 ;
National Chrysanthemum, 348, 476,
5.36, 597, 695 ; annual meeting, 754,
760 ; National Rose, 54, 722, 700 ;
at Edinburgh, 84; Newbury, 202;
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 317 ; Newport,
Isle of Wight, 627 ; Northampton-
shire Horticultural, 171 ; North
of Scotland Horticultural, 665 ;
Oxfordshire, 23; Oxford Carnation
and Picotee Union, 229 ; Paisley,
349 ; Portsmouth, 6.32 ; Putney, 627 ;
Ryde and Isle of Wight Chrysan-
themum, 664 ; Reading Horticultu-
ral, 287, 694 ; Reigate. 85; Richmond
Horticutural, 23 ; annual meeting,
755; Royal Caledonian, 84, 316,
346; Royal Horticultural, 23, 83,
139, 170, 200, 256, 346, 410, 475, 535.
596, 631, 793; Circular, 720, 721,
727; extract from Proceedings, 759 ;
report of special meeting and com-
mittees, 752, 758, 759 (see also
under Chiswick) ; Rugby and dis-
trict, 664 ; St. Albans and district,
695 ; St. Neots, 627 ; Sandy, 2.88 ;
Scilly Islands Bulb Association,
2-30 ; Scottish Arboricultural, 142,
170 ; Scottish Horticultural Asso-
ciation, 202, 569, 665, 697, 725, 761,
792 ; Scotland, North of 792 ; Scot-
tish Meteorological, its Journal,

755 ; Shropshire Floral, 257 ; Smith-
field Club, 728 ; Southampton Horti-
cultural, 171, 600 ; Stourbridge Chry-
santhemum, 696 ; Sunbury and Shep-
perton, 56 ; Taunton Dean, 258 ;
Taunton District Chrysanthemum,
&c., 664 ; Torquav, 56 ; Trowbridge,
257 ; Tunbridge Wells, Mid-Kent,
and East Sussex Chrsanthemum,
695; Twickenham, 80; Watford,
6.33; Wellingborough, 201; Wel-
lington Chrysanthemum and fruit,
664; Wilts Horticultural, 288,694;
Winchester, 663 ; Worcester Horti-
cultural, 286 ; York Florists, 664

Solanum cornigerum, 7.56
Sonerilas, 198
Sophronitis violacea, 220
Southampton Horticultural Societv,

200
South of Ireland, drought in, 284
Spanish and Balearic plants, 341
Spathoglottis augustorum, 305
Specimen Fuchsias, 314
Spinovitis Davidii, 373
Spiriea Aruncus, 12
Spruce Fir, a curious, 276
St. Petersburg, Botanic Garden at,

227
Stancliffe Hall, new hothouses at,

790
Stangeria, 470
Starlings and flies, 378
Sternbergia lutea, 526
Stock, Dyson's, 533
Stock (grafting), influence of scion on,

368, 409, 661
Stool-grown Oak, 309
Stove, petroleum-he.ating, 661
Straffan, Disas at, 199
Straight bee comb, and how to secure

it, 652
Strawberry disease, 344 ; Oxonian,

220, 313, 380 ; Plymouth, the, 164 ;

Victory, 139
Strawberries in Manitoba, 196 ; Keen's

Seedling and Wilmot's Superb, 313
Straw plait, 618

Strelitzia regina var. citrina, 816
Streptocarpus, hybrid, 137 ; the Kew,

341 ; S. kewensis X, 246; S. Rexii,

343; S. WatsoniX,214
Studies i7i Microscopical Science, 195
Studies on the Gladiolus, 651
Sudbury House, 757
Sulphate of copper and mildew, 166
Sulphurous vapours, action of, on

plants, 819
Sunflower culture, 567

Sutton & Sons, Reading, annual ex-
cursion of, 289
Swammerdamia autennaria, 13
Sweet Peas, new, 170
Swiss notes, 363

Tan, flowers of, 19

Tacsonia, hybrid, 50, 107

Tea boxes, wood for, 658

Tea, Serkys, 39

Teak in Siam, 530

Technical education, 136

Telopea Oreades, 496

Tenders for bulbs, 224

Tennessee, Maize and fruits in, 129

Terminalia elegans, 366

Thalictrums, 248

Theophrasta Jussiiei, 428, 533

Thinning of Douglas Fir wood, 427

Thunbergia affinis, 460

Thunderstorm, the late, 255

Thuia gigantea, 438

Timber trees, nailing, 726

Tobacco, competition in growing, 594 ;
crops, 224; culture in England, 714;
plants, parasite on, 333 ; in Che-
shire, 409 ; in Japan, 659

Tomato disease, 167, 312, 379, 408,
410, 445, 532 ; Gilbert's Surprise,
658 ; Highbury Prolific, 595 ; seed ;
to clean, 474, 503, 691, 737 ; trials
at Chiswick, 411

Tomatos and Roses in a vinery, 505

Tomatos and their weight, 445 ; at
Chiswick, 474 ; enormous, 380

Tonquin Beans, 50

Top Cherry (Cerise Toupie), 442

Toulouse, gardening at, 744

Town gardening, an aspect of, 592

Trachymene caTulea, 306

Trade memoranda : Anderson, Lang-
behm & Co., 497

Trade notices : D. Dartnall,478; Law-
son Nursery and Seed Company,
761

Training wire band, 284

Transvaal, the, 308

Trap, a perfect earwig, 192

Traps for woodlice, 26

Traveller's tree, Ravenala madagas-
cariensis, 693

Trebizond honey, 748

Tree-stays wire, 793

Tree, a large fossil, 5.30 ; growth and
wet soils, 750 ; planting of Jubilee
at Bridge of Allan, N.B., 658

Trees and agriculture, 629

Trees and shrubs, 12, 52, 99, 128, 246,
276, 303, 374, 400, 440, 564, 628, 778
818

Trees, avenue, 686, 815, 817; in
London, 462 ; old and memorial,
125

Trees, two good avenue, 778

Trial-ground, a seedsman's, 192

Tribute of gratitude : a gardeners' or-
phan scheme, 224

Trichosnia suavis, 747

Tridax bicolor. 553

Tring Park, Orchids at, 14; winter-
flowers at, 697

Trinidad, notes from, 590

Tropaaolum Constantine, 199 ; at Chis-
wick, 132, 155 ; dwarf, 200

Truflle culture, 626

Truflles, 595

Tubercular swellings on the roots of
Leguminosse, 252 ; Vicia Faba, 50

Tuberose, the, 558

Tulip, the, 501

Tulips, florists', 40

Turnips and Swedes and insects, 505

U

Union of flowers of Oncidium Jonesia-

num, 252
United Horticultural Provident and

Benefit Society, 470

via Tho Gardolioib' CUroiiiclf,]

INDEX.

[Uc'c'emljjr 31, 1387.

V

Vanda Amesiana, 47- ; V. cccrulea,

522 ; V. ci istata, 220 ; V. San-

deriana, 717 ; V. teres, 627
Variation in plants, 717
Vases of Chrysantliemums at cxlii-

bitions, 726
Vegetable life, tlie chemistry of, 301 ;

physiology, study of, 687 ; products

of Smyrna, 527 ; sheep, 18
Vegetables, 782 ; at Alexandria, 360 ; at

Hackwood, 568
Vegetation at Bournemouth, 626
Veitch's Nurserv, 4<34
Verlot, M., 600'
Veronica Andcrsoni varicgata, 558 ;

V. cupressoides, 247, 276 ; and others,

372 ; and V. salicornioides, 303, 344
Viburnum Opulus, 378
Vicia Dennessiana, 658
Victoria, Cinchona culture in, 196
Vine borders, making, 473 : mulching,

795
Vine Congress at Macon, 785
Vine, effects of grafting on, 620 ;

Othello, 438; nnfiiiitful, 478
Vines, 470; and frost, 72IJ.757; (ilanting.

473 ; red-spider on, 42 ; renovating,

666
Vineyard on Blackheath, 779 ; at

Castle Coch, 628
Vineyards, 762
Vintage at Hheims, 40
Violets, 532
Vitis capensis, 392

W

Walnct log, a big, 374

Ward, W. H., Mr., awards to, 280

Warm water, watering with, 19

Wasps, 199, 228, 255, 283, 313

Watcombe Park, 463 ; trees at, 564

Watercress, how to grow, 445

Water Lily, a monster flowered, 026 ;

a new yellow, 280
Water over glass roofs, 11
Water plants in public reservoirs, 626
Watering Orchids, 409
Watering outdoor plants, philoso]>hy

of, 19, 39, 81, HI, 139, 168, 199,

228, 255
Water, constituents of rain, drainage,

and well, 103, 307
AVeather, the, 224 ; and its effect on

plants, 343 ; and plants, 107 ; fore-
casting the, 18,658 ; in the North of
Scotland, 595

Webb's trial ground, 371

Webster, A. D., Mr.. 723

Wellingtonia, the, 778 ; W. gigantea
aurea, 276 ; prolific cone of, 649

Well, drainage, and rain-waters, con-
stituents of, 102, 367

Welwitschia mirabilis, 246

West Indian forest, a, 9, 40

West Indies, botanical stations in, 170

West walls, Peaches and Grapes in
houses against, 444

Wet soils and tree growth, 750

What not to do, 221, 786

Wheat and Kye, hybiid between, 755 ;
crop of 1887, 523 ; fungus on, 589

Wheats, crossed, 136

Whitehead, C. Mr., 224

White Lodge, Richmond Park, 496

Wild flowers, scarlet, 168

Williams', B. S., Orchids at, nurserv,
501

Winchester Horticultural Society, 470

Wind screen. Holly as, 661

Window-bearing Orchids, the genus of
Cryptophoranthus, 692

Winter flowers at Tring Park, 697

Wireworm (false), 231

Wisley, 365

Woburn, Peach gro\ving at, 470

Wood, a hard, 4.'i8 ; creosotej, 661 ;

for Tea-boxes, 658
Woolly aphis and its repression, 780
Worms on lawns, to destroy, 595, 726,

757
Wurtemburg, Phylloxera in, 657

Xanthocebas sorbifolia, 274, 276

Ye.\r, the events of the, 812
Yellow Water Lily fly, 243
Yew, the largest in Scotland, 192
Yuccas, 111
Yun-nan Rhododendrons, 755

ZixNiA linearis, 596

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS,

Adiantcjm Fergusoni, 469 ; A. fra-

grantissimum, 199
Agave glaucescens, flowering of, 218,

223 ; A. Henriquesii, 307
Ailantus glandulosa, fruits of, 365
Aldenham House, Elstree, sub-tropical

bed at. 593
Aphelandra Margarita;, 585
Ardisia mamillata, 809
Arizona garden, an, 17
Aster, Triumph, 629
Athrotaxis, branches of cupressoides,

725 ; A. laxifolia, 725 ; and of A.

selaginoides, 724

B

Begonia, abnojuial, 500

Bouquet of Orchids, the Royal Jubilee.

(See Supplement, July 16.)
Bouquet of Orchids, the Royal Saxon

(See Supplement, September 17.)

Campanula Vidalli, 285

Carica (Papaw), livbiid, fruit and
details, 716, 717

Cascade in the Bois de Vincennes, 557

Cassia corymbosa, 397

Cattleya, a prolified, 12. 18

Ceratotheca triloba, 493

Cladosporium fulvum, 533 ; C. lyco-
persici, 408

Clerodendron Thomsons var. Bal-
fouriana, 127

Ccelogyne corymbosa, 73

Conservatory at lleudie, Monmouth-
shire, 131

Crinum Moorei, 499

Cucumber, Reichart's Jewel, 503

Cucumber rooting from stalk, 433

Cyclamens, germination of, 596

Cvpiipedium superbieus, 1.57; C. pr.ts-
"tans, 813

Dactvlium roseum, 168

Dendrobium Farmeri, 33.3

Devizes Castle. (See Supplement,

August 13).
Diacrium bicornutum, 45
Dilophosporagrarainis. 589
Disease of Tomatos, 409, 533

Encephaiaetos Altensteinii, 281
Eucharis Candida, grasshopper eggs in

bulbs of, 377, 565
Eucalyptus coccifera, 787, 789
Eucalyptus globulus. (See Supple-
ment, December 24.)
Eucalyptus Gunni, 781.

FowLEB, tlie late Archibald, 219
Fuchsia, a specimen, 315
Fungus on Wheat, 589

Gall on Lime leaves, 83; on Oak,

110
Germination of Cyclamens, 590
Grasshopper hatched from eggs in

Eucharis bulb, 565
Great Gearies, glasshouses at, 226
Gooseberry, cordon trained, 373 ; va-
rious, 372, 373, 401
Grape stand, 20

H

ILiTi'iELD House, front view, 72 ;
peristyle, or piazza garden, 77 ; ra-
diating avenue of trained Yews at,
77 ; triad of royal Oaks at, 85 ; view
from the vineyard, 75

Hellebore, Riverston hybrid, 437

Hendre, Monmouthshire, conservatory
at, 131

Hibiscus rosa sinensis, 529

Johnstone, Jlr. G. 473

KcRLnEUTEuiA pauiculatn, seed-vessels
of, .501

Larch, pendulous, I he, 685
Lauriston, rockwork at, 139
Lavanderette, 441
Le Notre, portrait of, 749
Lime leaves, nail-gall on, 83

Lobelia sabnuda, 304
Lupinus albo-coccineus nanus, 597
Lychnis coronaria, 101 ; Flos-Jovis,
101 ; hybrid, 101

M

Maxdevilla suaveolens, pods of. S17
Maples, a group of ornamental, 311
Masdevallia Dayana, 692
Mushroom, a monstrous, 696
Mvstacidium (ilicorne, 1.j5

Nabcissus Madame de Graaf, 111
Nelumbium. the white, 405
Nepenthes Curtisii, 689 ; N. cylindrica,

Odontoqlossum Harryanum, 169
Odontoglossum at Howick House,

Preston. (See Supplement, Dec. 10.)
Olearia Traversii, 187
Onoidium Papilio, proliferous, spike of,

617
Osmanthus aquifolius, showing leafy

bud scales uplifted, 379
Oxalis imbricata, double flowered

variety, 681

P.EONY (tree) Louise Mouchetet, 49

Pansies, 21

Pare Monceau, view in the, 649

Peach curl, 53

Pear sawfly, 110

Periwinkle disease, 227

Petroleum stove, 661

Phalajnopsis Harriettije, 9 ; P. Lowii,

745
Philadelphus microphyllus, 150
Phylloxera on Oak, 340
Physianthus albens, 653
Pine beetle (Hylurgus piniperda), 105
Pine sawfly, 203
Pine-stove at Chatsworth, 251
Plan of a villa garden, 107
Prize vase gained by Mr. F. Sander at

Dresden, and used for the Jubilee

bouquet, 78
Psilotum triquetrum, various Japanese

forms of, 190, 191, 193

R

Ravenala madagascariensis, 693

Rheims Cathedral, sculpture showing
the vintage, 41

Uhipsalis sarraentacea, 465

Hoots, mass of, 495

Rosa polyantha, 059, (See Supple-
ment, November 20).

Sabal Palm in Jamaica, 624 ; in Trini-
dad, 625

Saxe Gothea, foliage of, 684

Saxifraga cuscutiformis, 337; S. ligu-
lata var. ciliata, 525

Scion, illustiations of, effect of on
stock, 369

Scolytus destructor, 138

Seed-pods of JIandevilla suaveolens,
817

Silene pusilla, 44

Silver Fir at Roseneath, 165

Sirex gigas, 203

Solanum cornigerum, 753

Sonerillas, varieties of. 198

Staphylea colchica, 713

Stanclifl'e Hall, hothouses at, 791

Stock, ett'ect of scion on, 369

Streptocarpus keweusis x , 247 ; S,
Watsoni X , 215

Subtropical bed at Aldenham House,
Elstree, 593

Tacsonia, liybrid, 106
Theophrasta Jussiici, 429
Tliunbergia aflinis, 641
Tomato disease, 532, 533 ; black spot,

409
Town garden, plan of a French, 255
Training wire, 284
Tiidax bicolor var. rosea, 5.53

V. W. X. Y. Z.

Vine, effect of grafting, 621 ; Wheat,
fungus on, 589; Xanthoceras sorbi-
folia, 275; fruit of, 274; Yellow
Water Lily flv, 284 ; Zinnia linearis,
597

LIST OP SUPPLEMENTS.

BocacET or Orchids, the Roval Jubilee, July 16.
BooanET OF OncHiDs, the Roval Saxon, September 17.
Devizes Castle, August 13.

Edcalvptos globulus, December 24.

Odontoglossums at Howick House, Preston, December 10.

Rosa roLVAxruA, November 26.

Established i84i

No. 2427.

No. 27.-VOL. 11. g^^Z}

SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1887.

niegt. as a Newspaper. /PR'CE 3d.

I. POST-FEBB, 3id,

Apiary, the
Book:—
FuDf;U3 Hunter'

CONTENTS.

Obituflry

I Guide 19

Sotantcal Magazine ... 11

CactUiiea in Arizona ... 17

Cattleya, a prolified ... 12
Cauliflowers on undrained

lands 22

Chiawick not€3 12

Cultural memoranda ... 20

Dahlias at Swanley ... 20

Flower garden, the ... 14

Flowers in season 18

Fruit Register 11

Fruits under glass ... 15
Gardening appointments . 31
Gardeners' Royal Benevo-
lent Institution ... 24
Gooseberry caterpillar ... 22
Hardy fruit garden ... 15

Hay fever 18

Herbaceous border ... 19

Kew notes... 10

Kitchen garden, the ... 15

London parks 18

Masdevallia demissa ... 9

Nurseries, rating of ... 16

Orchid notes

Pansies

Phalainopsis Harriettfe ...

Pinks, ludian

Plants and their culture

„ certificated

Potato fertilisers

Primula sapphirina

Mr. J.

■al So-

Rhododend:
Waterer's

„ single...
Royal Horticult

ciety 7.

Self-help scheme

Societies : —

Agri-Horticultural of
Kandy

Richmond

Royal Horticultural ...

Royal Oxfordshire
Strawberry, the Plymouth

Trees and shiubs

Vanda Sanderiana albata
Water over glass tor roofs
West Indian forest, an ...

Illustrations.

Arizona garden, an

Cattleya, a prolified

Grape stand

Pansies

Phalsenopsis Harriettee

POSTAL OEDEES.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should bejilled in payable at No. 42, DRUHY LANE,
t) W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, aJtd
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into ujhose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B.~The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

KOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington. S.W.
GRAND ROSE EXHIBITION, by the National Rose Society,
on TUESDAY, July 5, in the Conservatory.

Admission free to Fellows and Members of the National Rose
Society at 12o'Clock, and to the Public at 1 o'Clock on payment
of 2s. 6rf .

N.B. — Entrances, N.E. Orchard House, Exhibition Road ; and
Exhibitors' Entrance, east side of Royal Albert Hall.

CRYSTAL PALACE.
GREAT ROSE SHOW of SEASON.
SATURDAY, July 9. Postponed ."rom July 2.
For Schedules and Entry Forms apply to
Mr. W. G. HEAD, Garden Superintendent, Crystal Palace, S.E.

ALEXANDRA PALACE,
London, N.
GREAT KOSE SHOW, JULY 14, 15, and 16. Entries
Close July 7, 1887. For Schedules and full particulars, apply to
J. S. COOKE. Secretary ot the Show, Alexandra Palace, N.

MALVERN ASSEMBLY ROOMS
and Pleasure Gardens.
A GRAND ROSE SHOW will be held in the above Gardens
on THURSDAY. July 7, 1887. Open to aU England, for Nur-
serymen and Amateurs. Gardens Open at 3 o'clock P.M.
For Schedules and particulars apply to

EDWARD HARLEY, Manager and Secretary.

RIGHTON and SUSSEX FLORICUL-

TURAL and HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
GRAND SUMMER EXHIBmON, JULY 6 and 7, at the
Royal Pavilion. Ist prize for 10 Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
£10. 1st prize tor 8 Orchids. £b. lat prize for 12 Foliaged
Plants, £.i. 1st prize for 48 Roses, £5. 1st prize for Collection
of Fruit, £5. Sehedules of prizes ready.

EDWARD CARPENTER, Secretary,
Secretary's Office : 96, St. James' Street,
Brighton, March 28, 1887.

BEDFORD and BEDFORDSHIRE
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
FOURTH ANNUAL SHOW, at Bedford, JULY 13, 1887.
Special Prizes for ROSES and CUT FLOWERS, open to all
England. Entries Close July 5. Schedules and Entry Forms
HENRY TERBS, Hon. Sec.

N

ATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY

OF ENGLAND.

GRAND EXHIBITION

will be held in the

WAVERLEY MARKET. EDINBURGH,

WEDNESDAY, July 13, 1887 ;

In connection with the SUMMER SHOW ot the

ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

For Schedules, &c., apply to SECRETARY, Royal Caledonian

Horticultural Society, 18, Waverley Market, Edinburgh.

BIRMINGHAM BOTANICAL
and HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
A ROSE SHOW will be held in the Gardens, Edgbaston. on
THURSDAY and FRIDAY, July 14 and 15, 1887. For
Schedules of Prizes apply to

W. B. LATHAM, Curator.

Q ALTERHEBBLE ROSE SHOW, JULY 21,

O INCREASED LIST of PRIZES. For Schedules, &c.. apply,
ARTHUR M, BEECROFT, Sec. 8, Heath Lane, Halifax.

ROYAL JUBILEE EXHIBITION,
Manchester.
A GRAND ROSE SHOW will be held on FRIDAY, July 22.
For Schedules. &c., apply to the undersigned,
BRUCE FIND LAY, Royal Botanical Gardens, Manchester.

SOMERSET.

The TWENTIETH GRAND ANNUAL EXHIBITION of
the Taunton Deane Horticultural and Floricultural Society
will be held on THURSDAY, August 11, 1887. TWO HUN-
DRED and FIFTY POUNDS in PRIZES. Bee Tent. Schedules
may be obtained of the

HON. SECS.. 5. Hammet Street, Taunton.

HROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY.

SUMMER SHOW (open to all). AUGUST 17 and 18.
Twenty Plants, £25, £20, £15. Collection of Fruit, £10, £6,
£3. For Grapes, £44. Collection of Vegetables, 8 sorts, £5,
£3, S2, £1. Schedules and full particulars from

Messrs. ADNITT AND NAUNTON, Shrewsbury, Hon. Sees.

FOR SALE, a fine Specimen Plant of
ANTHURIUM VEITCHII. 18 leaves, 3 crowns. Also
other fine Plants. CASH or EXCHANGE.

N. GERMAN, Redcliffe Road Gardens, Nottingham.

EACHES ! NECTARINES ! GRAPES 1 &c.

— Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and
wellpackedfmitof above.— WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden.

SQUELCH AND BARNHAM,
North Bow, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN TO DIS-
POSE OF any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly, or aa preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NUBSEBYMEN. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C. are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

WANTED, Large PALMS, TREE FERNS,
and other large ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGED PLANTS,
in EXCHANGE for ORCHIDS or OTHER PLANTS. Send full
particulars to

The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

JOHN ADOLPHUS PRIOR
is anxiously SOUGHT by an OLD FRIEND, who his
something to communicate which may interest him.

Address. C Hopcraft & Co.. 1. Mincing Lane, E.C.

CUT ROSES.— Buds and Blooms, choicest
varieties, Tea and H.P., well adapted for Buttonholes
and Bouquet work, 6j. per 100. Cash with order.

WILLIAM CAUDWELL, The Ivies, Wantage.

Begonias a Specialty.

LAING'S BEGONIAS.— Awarded the Jubilee
Gold Medal at Manchester, and two Gold Medals by the
Royal Horticultural Society previously, also 26 First-clasa
Certificates this season, to our novelties, being evidence of
quality. Descriptive Price LIST free on application.
JOHN LAING AND CO.. The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

Rhododendrozis.

JOHN WATERER and SON'S EXHIBITION
of these Plants is now on View Daily, at the Gal-dens of
Cadogan Place, Sloane Street.

Admittance, One Shilling.

Fema— Fema— FeniB.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS— " PTERIS." LONDON.

RIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.—

Eighteenth year of distribution. Williams' Superb
Strain. Is. 6(i. per dozen ; 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same
price. Package and carriage free. Volonte Nationale alba,
the best winter white PELARGONIUM, strong rooted plants.
Is. each,

JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.

ERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—

The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN. Jr., Breslau, Germany.

PEONIES. — A very choice Collection may
now be seen in bloom at the " Newton " Nurseries
(Chester), of Messrs. JAJIES DICKSON iXD SONS.

Hyacintlis, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERKAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamserops excelsa. and Phcenix recUnata — from lOj. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

Miss Jollffe Carnation.
B. MAY has a splendid stock of Flowering

Plants of this popular variety, from 95. per dozen.

Dvson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS— ■■ PTERIS." LONDON.

STRAWBERRIES for Forcing.— W. Lovel
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sampleof plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, 3d.— W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

axton'sInoblestrawberry, f.c.c.

—The Trade and others desirous of seeing T. Laxton's
New Strawberries now in Fruit at Girtford, Sandy, are re-
quested to apply for cards to view to

T. LAXTON. Seed and Novelty Grower. Bedford.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.
AND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

lELD AND HEARSON'S NICOTYL

VAPORISER. For the Destruction ot Aphis, &o.,
WITHOUT SMOKE. CATALOGUE post-free.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S.. 76i, Queen Victoria Street,
E.C. ; Dep6t, Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E.

H

H

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 2, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Thursday Next. -(Sale No. 7440.)
BIPOETED nnd ESTABLISHED COLOMBIAU ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION ut his Great Rooms, rw, Kiiij; St., Covent
Garden, W.C., on THURSD.W NEXT, July 7, at halt-pa.^t
13 o'clock precisely, a fine lot of Imported and Established
OECHIDS, collected and sent home by Mr. Chas. Patin,
of Antioquia, comprising Lielia Patinii, Bollea Patinii and
B. Lalindei, Uropedium Lindeni, Anguloa Clowesii and A.
Ruckeri, Oncidium Schlimii, Honllettia odoratissima, Odon-
toglossum Wallisi, O. ramossissimum, Catnsetnm and Cyrto-
podium species, &c.

On view morning of R;nlo, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(SaleNo. 7440.)
CONSIGN.MENT uf UKA/.l I.IAN OECUIDS, received direct.

MK. J. C. STliVKXS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at hi^ Up;, I i;...!,,,. .:^. Kiiiu'
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on Tl 11 1;-<I ' \\' MAI", .'nl\ ;.
some tine pieces of LJ5LIA PERKIMI, I., U V Y \ N V , ' V II-
LEYA GlirrATA, C. LABIATA, MIl.l'iMA rl,( .w l:-i||.
ONCIDIUM ROGERSII, O. CRISl'U.U, o. HiKBESl, ice,
from Brazil: a consignment of lONOPSIS PANICULATA in
line condition, &c.

On view raornins of Sale, and Catalofrues had.

Thursday Next.-(S»ie No. 7440.)

The reraaininj! pnrliuii ul tl,.- Cui„i^.umerit of CATTLEYA
MENDElFi, cull.i li-.l l.v Mr. Milliiaw. and sold by order of
R. B. Whit'-. E-<4., conipn^in;^ many well-leaved and
distinct-looking pieces.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
,7nly 7.

On view mnrnini! of S:il... nnd Catalogues bad.

Special Sale of Orchids in Flower.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in (lower and
bud will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, July 1.3, and he will be
glad if Gentlemen desirous of entering Plants for this Sale will
send p.arHculars not later than THURSDAY NEXT.

Notice of Sale.

To NOBLEMEN, GENTLKMEN, ORNAMENTAL GARDEN

OWNERS.

Road widening to 60 feet. Pulling down under Compulsory

Powers.

.ABSOLUTE SALE.

MR. J. A. SMITH, having settled the claim
re Elmes and the Jlctropolitun Board of Works, will
SELL by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY, July 6, at 1 o'clock.
the First Portion of tlie HEALTHY and ATTRACTIVE
GROWING STOCK, upon the Prenii--, th.. Fx.ifi.- Nursery,
196, Hammersmith Road, W., coni|.i in, i i ■ ■ 1 : mi - I . 111-,

&c., of choice descriptions, includiij ■ \.,:,i.m. j .- .1,

Pteris, various Aspleniums. ami - ,1' 1 . ! n-

eladtica. Begonia Rex, Cacti, Oh- ;■ r-. Ali. , 1 h )i,,; n-.

Pelargoniums and other Geraniums. Fuchsias. Gloxinias.
specimen Yuc.:a, Palms, Polypodiums, and otliers worthy of
notice, adapted for ea.sy removal and without risk.

Viewed the day prior and mornins of Sale. Catalogues on
the Prenu^i-s, ami at Mr. J. A. S^IIITH'S Aucliun. Land and
Estate iillirrs. nil. H.UL, iwr,tnitli Kml, Ihiiiirijrr-iiiith, W.

Upton Park, adjoining Boleyn Castle, close to the

Rail

;ity.

J Florists, Builders, and Land Compani

MR. RICHARD J. COLLIER will SELL by
AUCTION, at the Marl.E.C.on WEDNESDAY, July 20,
at 2 o'clock, a conip.u t FREEHOLD ESTATE, known as the
Upton Park Nur-

and other buil

f) I

dth

Greenhous
\w whole comprising about
s to Green Street and Red-
diate development

and the Land

3J acres, fronting Redclyffe Roads, developed without inter-
ference therewith. With vacant possession.

Particulars and plans may be had of Messrs. RIVINGTON
AND SON, Solicitors 1, Fenchurch Buildings, E.C. ; at the
Mart, and of tin' Au, linn,', r. L's. Finsbury Pavement, E.C.

Brixton. "Clearance Sale.

SALE POSTPi iNKIi Imiii WEDNESDAY, JUNE 15 to

WEDNESD-IY, JULY 6.

IMPORTANT to the TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The
Nursery, No. 114. Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W., on
WEDNESDAY, July 6, at 12 o'clock precisely, the
■whole of the stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including 3000 Palms of sorts, 4000 Ferns, HORSE, two VANS,
and UTENSILS in Trade.

May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises ; of
Messrs. PATERSON AXD SONS, Solicitors, 26, Bouverie Street,
E.C; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and (18, Cheap-
side, E.C, and Leytonstone.

Friday Next.

IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sand.Tl,. slOi.l, L, VI i llns.iit
th£ir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and i;s, t li.ii. I ; I i ..

on FRIDAY NEXT, July «, at half i-i-l !-■ ■' :..

splendid importations of the follmMiih' in' h' i ■ ilui li-
ORCHIDS, just received, the whole in ijtceplioiialiy hue
condition : —

Zygop'-tnliini rostratnn
Cyrtopodiiini, probably
Oncidium Papilio maju

surcodei

Oiiciiliuiu ocLuhitum macro-

chilum
Odontoglossum hastilablum
Vanda Deniscniana
Also a line lot ot ORCHIDS in FLOWER or in BUD,
Ou vitw morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.

IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.
To the Trade and Large Buyers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
aiidss*. Cheapside. Loudon, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, July b.
at half-past 12 o'clock preciselv.

Importations ot CATTLEYA SUPERBA SPLENDENS, the
true Rio Negro variety; CATTLEYAS from the Amazon, in-
cluding C Eldorado, C. Eldorado splendens, and C Wallisii,
and Sophronitis grandillora, the whole in splendid condition,
for Sale, by order of Mr. 6. F. White.

l.W Lots of ORCHIDS, the whole collected by Mr, Charles
Patin, of Antioquia, and now well established, consisting of
Lrelia Patinii, Bollea Patinii, Oncidium macranthum, O. ra-
mossissimum, O. Schlimii, &c.

A consignment of Orchids from Ceylon consisting of new
and rare varieties of Cymbidiums, Aisrides, &c. Some have
already flowered, and are unknown. The plants are now semi-
established and many may be in flower on day of Sale.

Triniortittions of Orchids received direct for unreserved sale
I i.ni[.ii-iii(,' 200 Odontoglossum pulchellum, 200 O, CErstidii,
liiii I'.ri-driii data, loo Cattleya labiata. ic.

A siuilII private collection of Established Orchids from the
North, iic.

Ou view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

WANTED TO RENT, early VINERIES, with
other Greenhouses attached, for Growingfor Market. —
Particulars to RAINBIRD'S Nursery. Manor Lane, Lee. Kent.

0 BE DISPOSED OF, through ill-health, a

genuine FLORIST, FRUITERER, and GREEN-
GROCER'S, with Jobbing attached, suitable for one com-
mencing. Same hands eight years. Small Incoming.

Apply. 2, St. Ann's Road, Stamford Hill, London, N.

FOR SALE, a good established SEED and
NURSERY BUSINESS in Y'orkshire. There is a large
and profitable Farm and Market Garden Business done, as well
as a Branch Shop in n most fashionable Watering Place. To a
practical business man with capital this is a rare opportunity.
If not Disposed of, a suitable PARTNER may be taken.

For full particulars. &c.. address, S., Messrs. Hurst & Son,
Houndsditch, London, E.C.

FOR SALE, in consequence of Mr. Imnes
death, the old-established and well-known NURSERY
BUSINESS so successfully carried on for upwards of sixty
years at Ayr. The Grounds extend to about 40 Acres, adjoin-
ing the Railway Station, and are well stocked with saleable

To Florists.
'■pO BE LET, for the Culture and Exhibition

X of Flowers and Plants under Glass, an extensive area of
LAND adjoining Kennington Park, in front of South Place and
Newington Terrace.

Apply to Messrs. MEYNELL AND PEMBERTON, Solicitors,
20, Whitehall Place, S.W. ; or, to Messrs. BRIANT and SONS,
Estate Agents, 200, Keunington Park Road, S.E.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINE.SSES to bi- DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti-
culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and OS, Cheapside, London, E.C.

GREAT SALE OF

O R C H J D S

STOVE &, GREENHOUSE PLANTS

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

have just purchased two of the largest and finest Collections of
ORCHIDS and STO\'E and GREENHOUSE PLANTS in the
neighbourhood of Liverpool; these Collections include many
fine specimens and varieties of Orchids, and many grand
specimens of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, some of
which are not excelled by any in the country.

The Company have also recently purchased another very fine
private collection of ORCHIDS.

These COLLECTIONS are now on SALE at the Vineyard
and Nurseries.

Priced and Descriptive CATALOGUES will be sent Post-
free on application.

The Catalogue also includes the remaining portion of the
" HARVEY " COLLECTION, and other ORCHIDS.

INSPECTION IS EARNESTLY INVITED.

Orders trill be executed strictly in rotation.

THE VINEYARD &:. NURSERIES,
GARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL.

K

^=^ EL WAY AND SON.

KELWAY'S "MODEL" CALCEOLARIA.
KELWAY'S "MODEL" CINERARIA.
Price of Seed on application.
Laugport, Somerset.

WIOETON has still some very large
• SPECIMENS, fit for Exhibition or Immediate
Decoration— DRAC.ENA LFNDENI and LINEATA (true),
ARECAS, KENTIAS, SEAFORTHIAS, LATANIAS, from 10
to lo feet, in fine cr,n-lition.

W. ICETON, PuCiieyPark Lane, S.W.,and Stands 129 and
130, Coveut Garden, W.C.

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

N OTIC E.

The FIRST GENERAL MEETING
of the Supporters of this Fund will be held in
the Conservatory of the Royal Horticultural
Society, South Kensington, S.W., on TUESDAY,
July 12, at 3 P.M., to receive and adopt the
Report of the Provisional Committee, as a basis
upon which to establish the Gardeners' Orphan
Fund ; to elect Officers, Executive Committee, &c.

It is hoped that all sympathisers with the
movement will mike it convenient to attend.

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Secretary.

CHEAP PICEA NORDMANNLANA, 1a to
2 feet, 10s, per dozen ; 2 to 2^ feet, 155. per dozen ; 2J to
3 feet, 24.S. per dozen ; 3 to 3^ feet, 30s. per dozen. All
EVERGREENS and FRUIT TREES cheap ; CURRANTS and
GOOSEBERRIES from 7s. 6rf. per 100. 25 per cent, discount
allowed for cash to clear. For LIST apply

T. L. MAYOS, Highfield Nurseries, Hereford.

Q AMUEL SHEPPERSON, Flohist, Prospect

O House, III 'I'T, li 1 1. liir,'. begs to offer the following, of
which he ni :iU

PRtMUH^ 'I ! 1 PRIMULAS. — Grand Premier

Prize and Cm. ' iii- of the finest new colours, as

Pure White. 1 . I; , <,iliiion. Crimson, &c. Finelarge

trusses and In I . Illuwers; strong plants, to bloom

well, l.!.3rf. i"! ': r.iiig. Is.fiii.; 9s.perl00. Allfree.

CINERARIA^ . l\l.l;\l;[AS — CINERARIAS.— Bull's
celebrated pri/e ^.lia.i,. -Usarf, compact habit and most
brilliant colours ; cannot possibly be excelled. Good plants.
Is. M per dozen ; extra strong. Is, 6rf. ; Vis. per 100. All free,

CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN. — Same grand
strain and from the same celebrated growers that I have sent
out for the last twenty years, but with all the latest improve-
ments in colour, size, form, and habit. 1 year old plants, Is. id.
per dozen ; extra strong. 2s. ; 10s. per 100. All carriage free.
SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Belper.

Trade Offer of Palms and Ferns.

ADIANTU.M FARLEYEXSE, and A.
MACROI'HYLLII.M ; DORYOI'TERIS PALMATA.
ASPARAGUS P. NANUS— many thou3ands.inthumbsand48'9.

ARECA LUTESCENS and ARECA SANDERII (new, from
Mad.agascar), COCOS WEDDELLIANA. LATANIA BOR-
BONICA, SEAFORTHIAS, KENTIAS, EUTERPE EDULIS.
PHCENIX RUPICOLA; also a New PHCENK, in the way of
rupicola.

Prices on application to W. ICETON, Putney Park Lane
S.W., and 129 and 130, Flower Stands, Covent Garden, W.C.

10,000

To the Trade.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, extra

New Roses In Fots.

LIST of the most select sorts now ready,
Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of best sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality.
SAMPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in 5-inch pots, carefxilly

piicked for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 15*.
HALF a DOZEN ditto, on receipt of 8j.
EWING AND CO.,
Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hampshire.

QA (\{\{\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

Ol/^V/v'V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 245. per dozen, strong
plauts; extra strong plants, repotted into S^inr-h pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

R

OSES IN POTS.

HYBRID PERPETUALS, all leading varieties, bushy
plants for Bedding-out, 10s. 6rf. per dozen. 76s. per 100.
CLIMBING ROSES, Marechal Niel, Devoniensis, W. A.
Richardson, and all most suitable varieties, strong
plants with long shoots, 16s. per dozen.
NEW ROSES, Her Majesty, TheBride, Clara Cochet, American
Beauty, W. F. Bennett, Ye Primrose Dame, and all
best varieties of 1886-1887, 24s. to 30s. per dozen.
TEA-SCENTED ROSES, SINGLE ROSES, FAIRY ROSES, a
complete collection.
LIST of Roses in Pots, Bedding Plants, &c., postfree.
GEO. COOLING and SONS, The Nur.serie3, Bath.

IR WATKIN ' is the best and largest Nar- "

" ciss, also deliciously scented. Special prices also ''

" of ' Emperor ' Narciss, and all other Flowering Bulbs on "

JAS,''diCKs6n «5 SONS, " Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

Sow Now for Early Flowering In Spring. _
poEMl'lirrf (>UI'KK15 PUIZE I'A.NSIES.

Jl Vi l-'s" Till- fiiw^t strniii of Pausics in the worl.l. ^
CAT.VLiHirE Rratis and post-free on application.
FRIEDR. KOE.MER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany.

July 2, 1887.J

f

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SPECIAL OFFER OF ORCHIDS

See previous issue of June 25, 18o7.

The undermentioued are all good established Plants, clean ami

healtliy, aiul will be certain to give satisfaction. Better value

cannot be obtained aujrvvhere in the Trade.

C, Cool; I, Intermediate; S. Stove. Each.

6'DeDdrobium bigibbum ... 4 to 5 bulbs, 35. lid., os., 7s. dd.

.S Calceolaria 6 to 10 „ bs., 7s. 6d.

I Cambridgeanum ... 4 to o „ 2s. Qd., 3s. 6rf.. Tn".

/ chryiyinthum 4 to 6 „ 3s. 6d., fis.

I chry<otox\iju 6 to 8 „ 3s. 6rf., 5s.

.V crassinode 4 to 5 „ Ss. 6d., bs.

I crepidatum 4 to 6 „ Bs. 6d., ba.

I cretnceum 4 to 6 ,, 3s. 6rf., 5s.

6' Dalhousianum 8 to 10 „ 5s., 7s. tjd., lOs. 6d.

.V Dearei o to 6 „ 3s. 6rf., 5s.

/ Devonianum 5 to 6 „ 3s. 6£f., 5s.

.V Draoouis 4 to (3 „ 2s. Gd., 3s. tjd.

.y Falconeri ... ...lOtoU „ 5s„7s. tirf..

/ fimbriatum 8 to 10 „ 5s., 7s. «rf. ,

/ ,. occulata ... ... 5 to ti „ 3s. 6*., bs., 7s. 6d.

if formosum giganteum... 5 to S ,, 2/l3, 3/6, 5/-, 7/ti.

/ Fvtchianum 5 lo 7 ., 2s. 6d., 3s. Gd.

A" hedyosmum ... . .... & to G, „ 2s; 6rf., 'As. 6d.

I heterocnrpura 5 to 6 „ 3s. 6rf., 5s.

/ infundibulura 5 to l3 „ 3s. 6rf., 5s.

/ Jamesianum 5 to 6 „ 3s. 6(/., 5s.

/ luteolum 5 to 6 „ 2s. Gd., Stt. 6d.-

I moschatuin 5 to 7 ., 5s., 7s. 6d.

I uobile, undowered plantsfrom importation, 5 to 7 bulb^^

6s., 7s. 6d.

I nodatum 12 to 15 bulbs, 3s. H., 5s.

/ Panyhi 5 to ij ,, 5s.

/ Pierardi 5 to 6 ,, 2s.Gd.,Zs.<od.

latifolium 6 to 7 ,. 5s., 7s. tjrf.

/ primulinum giganteum 4 to 6 ,, 5s.

/ pulchellum 10 to 13 ,, :is. Gd., 5s.

/ thyrsirlorum «i to 7 ,, 3s. Gd.. bs.,7s. Gd.

I Wardianum. strong ... 4 to 6 „ 216, 3/6. 7/6.

/Epidendrum macrou'hilum ...6 to 7 .. 3s. 6rf., 5s,

/ nemorale... 6 to 7 ,, 5s., 7s. Gd.

I Stamfordianum ... 4 to (i ,. 5s., 7s. 6rf.

C vitellinum miijus ... 6toS ,. :is. Gd., bs.

/Galeandi-a Bauri 2 to 3 ,, 5s.. 7s. Gd.

To be continued in next issue of this Journal.
Apply for Special LIST to

VI. GORDON,

I'LANT raPORTER. THE NURSERIES,
TWICKENHAM, MIDDLESEX.

Experienced Gardeners recommeuded.
The beat ORCHID PEAT to be had, per sack, 5s. Gd. ; in
trucks, in lots of 2 Tons and upwards, price on application,

"HARTLAND'S"lrish Grown DAFFODILS.

CORK. IRELAND.

LISTS now readv. •\Vhole^ile .in.l Retail Offers.

GRAND BULBS of 'GIANT IRISH PRINCESS,"

for FoFL'iug. Grown on miiiden loam.

TO THE SEED TRADE.

w

LAWSON'S FIELD ROOT SEEDS

PETER LAWSON & SON

(LIMITED).

SEED GROWERS and MERCHANTS,
EDINBURGH,

"Will be glad to submit special offers of their
well-known stocks of SWEDE, YELLOW,
HYBRID, and WHITE-FLESH TURNIPS.
Also select MANGELS of superior quality.

Wholesale CATALOGUES upon application.

Please address —
PETER LAWSON & SON (Limited),
EDINBURGH.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, in SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation." \s.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, ot over 1300 species and varieties.

includiiia: Descriptive "List of New, Rare, and

Choice Ferns," and "Hardy North American Fekns,"

free on applicat'On.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

SUTTON'S SEEDS

GEMUINEOWIYDIRECTFROM READING.

CARTERS'

HOLBOBN PRIZE

PRIMULA.

AWARDED

Silvtr Bauksiaii Modal,
KovalHorticulturalSoc. 1S87

The Highest Prize Medal,
Ceylon 1885

First Prize (open to Eng-
land) Crystal Palace ... 1884

Baiiksian Prize Medal,
Koyal Horticultural Soe. 188.3
FINEST JIIXED SEED, all colours.

Price Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 33. 6d., & 6s. pkt., post-free.

Sekdsme.v to H.M. thk QrEEy and H.R.H. the
Pbi>ce of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

New Fern, Adlantum cuneatum elegans.

CHAKLKS KL:K8ILV^\' now offers this
beautiful FERN, which will probably supersede all others
for cutting and decorative purposeji. Mr. Moore ^aya : — " Thia
is an elegant variety of the old favourite Adiantum cuneatum ;
its light airy appearance gives it a perfect claim to the title of
el^Mins whicn we propose to apply to it."

Extra strong plants, a foot acro*.s, with from 30 to 50 fronds,
each, 2s. Gd., or free per parcel -post, 3*. Price to the Trade

CHARLES KERSHAW. The Sl^ad Syke Nu

, Brigho'

15,000 TEA ROSES,

Consisting of the following: and numerous

other varieties,

All flue plants, in 5} and 6 incli pots :—

Makicchal Nii:l

Perle des Jardixs

Safrano

Reine Marie Henriette

COMTESSE DK NaDAILLAC

Souvenir d'un- Ami
Oathicrine Mermet
Homere

Waltham Climber No. 1
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam
W. A. Richardson
I'ERLE de Lyon
Etoile de Lyos
Madame Lambard
Devosie.vsis

SoLVKNiR DE Paul Nebon

ISABKLLA SPRUXT

Madam Bratv

Waltham Climber No. 2

Sunset

Niphetos

Gloire de Dijon

Madame Cusine

Thi: Pet

Duke of Connaught

Adam

Alba rosea

GOl-EAULT

Waltham Climber No. a
Climbing Devoniensis

12s., 15s., & 18s. per doz., according to size.
The Company believe their Tea Roses to be
unsurpassed by any in the cpuntry : they are
clean, healthy, and vigorous, and, should any
purchaser be dissatisfied with them, they may be
at once returned.

Price to the Trade on application.

LISTSj with full pa/'ticulars, post-free, on

application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,

GARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest "Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

pUTBUSH'S MILL-

\J TBACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
—Too well knoivn to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6rf. per
cake , free by parcel post. Is.

None eeuuiiie unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
eut-losed withoursignatureattached.

WM CUTBUSH ASP SON
(Limited). Nurserymen and Seed

t^ Merchants, Hitjhgate Nurseiies, N.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE

4rf. per bushel ; lOO for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
JOs. ; 4-bu-shel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FfflROUS PEAT, 5s. U. per sack ; 5 sacks,
25s. : sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; socks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. M. per bushel ; 16s. per half
ton : 26s. per ton. in 2-bushel bags. id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHA(JNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately .-ulled 17a. Coal Yard). W.C.

The Best Manure for all Horticultural Purposes is
l^ICHARD MANN and CO.'S

Al UNIVERS/U, FERTILISER.

It is the most effective and permanent fertiliser in the
market. We have taken over 1000 First Prizes for Plants,
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables grown with this Manure. In
tins. Is. ; bags, 7 lb., 2s. 6rf. ; 14 lb., 4s. 6i. ; 28 lb., 7s. id. ;
56 lb.. 13s. id. ; 112 lb.. 20s., all carriage paid. We also
supply finest quality Fish Guano, pure Dissolved Bones, and
Cruslied Bones, in 1 cwt. bags. 10s.. carriage paid. Dr.
Voelcker's Analysis guaranteed. (i)ash with order.

RICHARD MANN and CO., Howden, East Y-orkshire.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJ/VMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a, Queen Victoria
Street, E.G., near Mansion House Station. Dep6t ; Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegra>is— '■ Floricultltrk. London." Established 1854.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

BROWN FIBROUS KENT PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. U.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. U. per sack; 6 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, of best quality. Is. id. per bushel ;
14s. per half ton; 25s. per ton, PEAT MOULD, YELLOW
FIBROUS LOAM, each Is, per bushel ; 3s. per sack. PURE
LEAF MOULD, Is. per bushel ; 4s. per sack. Best fresh COCIOA-
NUT FIBRE REFUSE, Is, 3i. per sack ; 10 for 10s.; 15 for 14s. ;
20 for ISs. ; 30 for 25s. ; 2-ton truck, free on rail, 25s. SPHAG-
NU.M MOSS, 2s. per bushel, 6s. per sack. HORTICULTURAL
CHARCOAL, 2s. H. per bushel ; 8s. persiick. BEST RAFFIA,
Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. 6s. id. CRUSHED BONES. GUANO and
othei " -' - "

CANES, and POTTING COMPOSTS, ready !
RUSSIA MATS, from 12s. to zls. jier dozen. SPECLALIIE
TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, id. per lb. ; 28 lb. tor ISs. ;
66 lb. for .3.5s. ; 1 cwt. for 67s. The best in the market. Price
List poit^frse. Terms— caah with order.- W. HERBERT AND
CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South warkStreet, London, S.E.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Pbizi! Medal
Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown librous ... 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. id.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 20s,

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 6s. id. „ 6 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... "i

PREPARED COMPOST, best (is. per bush., 3s. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD, „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. id. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... Si; lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Speoialite) id. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest MiUtrack ... 5s. per bushel.

CHUBB-S"PEBFECT"FER--i In bags.

TELISER, the Best Food for ( . ^ ^

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins, 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruits, Vegetables, &o. ...) 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIRGIN CORK, best quiility only — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. id. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks. 13s. ; 20 sacks. 17s. ;
30 sacks. 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s, Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of G.. special qualitv. granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictlv Cash w'lth order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

MEGHI'S SOOT AND SEWAGE MANURE.

A dry powder, carefully manufactured by
Mechi's process,

WHICH IS DISTINCT FROaM ALL OTHERS.
The very best Manure for Roots, Gra.^,^, Potatos, Wheat, Barley,

Oats, Turnips, Mangels, Fruit, Vegetable.s, Hops, &c.
DESTROYS WIREWORMS, SLUGS, INSECTS, aud GRUBS.

35a. per Ton loose ; 40s. per Ton in bags ;
4s. per Cwt. in bag.

Delivered Free on Rail or Boat.

Extract from the London Daily Chronicle, Jan. 6, 18S7.

"The Metropolis Sewage Company succeeded in proving that
sewage rendered a poor grauel farm o/'2(Ji) acres or aoo acres the
most productive piece of land in the United Kingdom. They had

S'owu superb Strawberries of very good fla\our, cjipitol Com,
aize 15 feet high, and Vegetables as good as Coveut Garden
ever exhibited."

Post-o^ice Orders pat/able at Mark Lane.

69 and 70, MAKK LANE, LONDON, E.G.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JniY 2, 1887.

Orchid Peat- a Specialty r

WWOOU AND SON are now cutting from
• THE NEW ESTATE fthe only estate celebrated for
its special quality of ORCHID PEAT).

Seud for Sample. Special Quotations.
Wood Green, London, N.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Tlirip. Mealy

Bug, Caterpillars, dc dc.
PERFECTLY ) ^° ^^^^ Hands and Skin, but mil cure
u«ni>i>r-<c. 1 Hini;worin in Animals, and all Diseases
HAKIVILCdS J produced liy parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A ronil'in^ition iif llvdrocTrhon Oils, made soluMe in
W.ir.i, tor Destroyiiis ALL INSERTS & PARASITES
thai infest Trees and Plants, Mlntlic-r at tiio Roots or
on the i''i)liaffi>.

Sold bv S ismPH an 1 (li.-mists, Is. r,,l. fs. r,\. & 4s. M ;

i i-'alliin 7s. i;a, 1 -:ill.,u I'Js lid. c.r Ins- ni l.iiKrr qmiutities.
A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL ."S an INSECTICIDE,
its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free
on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester.

Whnlosale: Hu..i-er i- 0... ; Cany, Soper, Fowler & Co.;
C. E. OsMAN & Co ; an.i from all the London Seed Mer-
chants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses, NEW

YORK— EOLKEB & Soss,

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

Throw.i a fine
■ytrni/ 20 ft., and
ajd 30 ft., ivith
great force.

A splendid
substitute for the
Syringe for tising
Insecticide, Price
25«. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45s.
P Carrias^e Paid.

HUGHES'

I^APHIGIDE

HUGHES'

GREEN&creamcolorSHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily npplifil— La^-fs all the

Hummer, and can then be easily wa-^ln-d oil. \s , post l .■}.

For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas, U | ■ ^\ m_n pa ^\ ■

&c., and for Cut Flowers. ri U ^ fI kd

FLORAL CEMENT.

A ^eat boon tf. Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantly. fi«\i in bottles. Is. & 2s. I'er post .Id. extra,

HUGHES' STYPTIC

I-'n Fir \'.niii)- \'ine8 Bleeding after I'runinff.
\eryfn,.,.tiril m pi. venting the Howof sap in Vines beini?

wasted. In bottles 10 and 2'(i. Per post, .Id. extra.
For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, U 9 I P U T d
Crickets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &e. nUunCd

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses,— for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price, ed. Is. & ■.VG. Per post .Id. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, ":'l,'ii;',l^^'<

*r',OTORIA & OATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

To Gardeners,
3R0CT0R AND RY LAND'S

Special Garden Manures.
Pure Ground Bone for Vines, Potting, &o.

lOs. per bag ef 1 ewt. on rer,.i|,t of I'Ostal CJrder.
Hirmingham and Cliester.

PEAT and SANU.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 16.s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 6s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. id, per
bag, SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO., Famboro' Station, Hants.

To Horticulturists.
j^OR SALE, 1 Ton TuJiACCU ROPE, suitable

for Fumigating. Apply,
r, L.. Gardeners' C/ironicle OIHce, 41, Wellington Street,

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

i\>(p Edition, Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

(TWO HtTNDB.ED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.)

By the late SiH JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P,, Reprinted from the Gardenert' Chronicle,

Price 3d., Post-free S^d. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, IDs. ; and one hundred, 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.
Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

SIB JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History,
and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical
Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth, price 25».

BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S,, late Lecturer on Botany at St, George's Hospital. With upwards
of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. &d.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. "With 400 Illustrations 8vo, cloth, price 5i. 6d.

LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With Illustrations, 8vo, cloth, price 9s.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND (ECONOMICAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustra-
tions. 8vo, cloth, price .')»,

LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools.

Price I.S., sewed.

WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.

MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A

Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition.
Fcap. cloth, price 7s.

HIGH-CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By AVilliam Eabley, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How
to (irow Asparagus," &.c,, &c. Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price 4s, &d,

HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Eablet. Price Is. stitched.

THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev, O. Fisheb. Fourth
Edition, revised and enlarged. Price ].«.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By A\'ii,liam Eablky. Price Is. stitched.

London: BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.

Jdlv 2, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(EstabUshed 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING,

NOTICES OF ALL HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST,

EEPOETS of EXHIBITIONS, EEVIEWS of BOOKS, and
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

Original lUustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds,

may be named : —

ALPINE PLAHTS:-
BACKHOUSE, J.
BALL. J., F.R.S.

CHURCHILL, G. C, Clilton. Bristol.
CORREVON. H., Geneva.
DEWAR. D.. Kew.
DOD, R«r. C. W.
JENKINS, E., Potter.

AMATEUR GAKDENINa:-

BADGER, E. W.

BOYLE. Hon. Jlrs. E. V. B.

■• S. BRIGUl."

BRIGHT, the late H. A. ("Xotes

from a Lancashire Garden").
CL.UIKE. Col. Trevor.
EW-BANK. Kev. H., Eyde.
LOWNE, B. T.
OWEN, Mis3, Knockmullen.
PHILBRICK, Q.C.

ARBOKETUM :-

BARRON. W'., Borrowaah,
LAVALLEE. Alphonse. the late.
NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar-
dens, Kew.
SARGENT, Prof., Boston, U.S.A.
WEBSTER. A. D.
YOUNG, Maurice.

BEE-KEEPING :—

CHEMISTRY ■■—

CHURCH, Prof., Kew.
DEHERAIN, Prof., Paris.
DYER. Bernard.
GILBERT, Prof., Rothamsted.
LA WES, Sir .T., Rothiunsted.
WARINGTON, R., Rothamsted.
WILLIS, J. J.

DISEASES OF PLANTS :-

ARTHUR, Prof., New York.
BASTIAN, Dr. Charlton. F.R.S.
BEIJERINCK, Prof., Wageningen.
BERKELEY. Rev. M. J., F.R.S.
COBBOLD, T. S.. F.B.S., the late.
COOKE, Dr. M. C.
MURRAY, G., British Museum.
PAGET, Sir James, F.R.S.
PHILIPPS, W.
PLOWRIGHT, C. B., (Fungi).
SMITH, W. G.
SORAUER. Prof., Proskau.
WARD. Prof. Marshall, School
Forestry.

BAKER, J. G., Royal Gardens, Ke-w.

DRUERY. C.

HEMSLEY. A.

MOORE, T., Botanic Gardens, Chelsea.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS:—

DEAN, R.. Ealing.
DODWELL. E. S., Qjdord.
D'OMBRAIN, Ei^v. H. H.
DOUGLAS, J., Ilford.
DOWNIE, J., Edinburgh.
HORNER, Rev. F. D.
MOLYNEUX, E.
PAUL, G., Paisley.
TUBIffiB, C, the late.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE ;-

ANDRE. E., Paris.

ANTOINE, F., the late, Vienna.

BENNET. H.. M.D., Mentone.

BERGMAN, E., Ferriftres.

BONA VIA, C, Lncknow.

CARUEL, Prof., Florence.

CASPARY, Prof., Koenigsberg.

DE MAE, J. A., Boston, U.S.A.

DRUDE. Prof., Dresden.

DUCHARTRE, Prof., Paris.

EICHLER. Prof., Director, Imperial

Botanic Gardens, Berlin.
FENZr. Cav. E., Florence.
HANBURY. T.. Mentone.
HENRIQUEZ, Piof., Coimbra.
JOLY, C Paris.
KOLB, Max, Munich.
KRELAGE. E. H., Haarlem,
LANGE, Prof., Copenhagen.
JLEEHAN. T., Philadelphia.
MONTEIRO, Chev., Lisbon.
MORREN, the late Prof., Liege.
NAUDIN, C, Antibes.
NELSON. C. J., Orange Free State.
OLIVEIEA, J. D.', Oporto.
OLIVER. Captain S. P.. Madagascar.
PLANCHON, Prof.. Montpellier.
PYNAERT. E.. Ghent.
EEGEL. E.. St. Petersburg.
EODIGAS. E., Ghent.
SUEINGAR, Prof.. Leyden.
TROUBETZKOI, Prince (Eucalyptus).
VILMORIN, H. de, Paris.
WITTMACK, Dr., Berlin.
WOLKENSTEIN, St. Petersburg.

FORESTRY :-

BRACE. C. J., France.
FRANCE, C. S., Aberdeen.
MICHIE. C. Y.. Cullen, Aberdeen.
WEBSTER, A. D., Carnarvonshire.

FRUIT CULTURE :-

BAERON, A. F., Chiswick.
BLACKMORE, E. D.
BUNYARD, G.. Maidstone, Kent.
CHEAL, J., Crawley, Sussei.
EIVtRS, T. F.
WARD, E., HeweU Grange.

GARDEN BOTAITY:-

BAKEE. J. G., F.R.S.

BALFOITE, Prof., Oxford.

BALL. J., F.E.S.

BENTHAM, the late G.. F.E.S.

BROWN. N. E., Herbarium. Kew.

BiniBIDGE, F. W., Botanic Gardens,

Dublin.
CL.VRKE, Col. Trevor.
CLARKE, C. B., F.E.S.
COOKE. Dr. (Fungi).
CORNU, Prof. Mai, Paris.
DECAISNE. the late Prof., Paris.
DE CANDOLLE, A., Geneva.
DYER, W. T. T., Director, Royal

Gardens, Kew.
ELLACOMBE, Eev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J. (Lilies). [fers).

ENGELMANN. the late Dr. G. (Coni-
FEANCHET, Paris.
GRAY, Prof. Asa, Boston, U.S.A.
HEMSLEY, W. B., Kew,
HOOKER. Sir J. D.. K.C.S.I., late

Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
JACKSON, Museum, Royal Gardens,

Kew (Economic Botany).
LEICHTLm, Max, Baden-Baden.
MAW, G, (Crocus). [Gardens, Kew.
MORRIS, D.. Afsistant Director, Koyal

GARDEN BOTANY :-

NAUDIN, C, Antibes.
OLIVER, Prof.. F.E.S.
KIDLEY, H.. British Museum.
ROLFE, Eoyal Gardens, Kew.
SMITH, W. G. (Fungi).
STEIN, Breslau Gardens.
STRICKLAND, Sir C.
TODAEO, Baron, Palermo.
WATSON, Sereno, Boston, U.S

GARDEN INSECTS :-

MACLACHLAN, E., F.E.S., I'rc

HERBACEOUS PLANTS :-

BAEE. P., Covent Ganleu.
CREWE. Rev. H. Harpur, the bile.
DOD, Eev. C. W.
ELLACOMBE. Eev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J.. Cirencester.
HAETLAND. Baylor, Cork.
PEERY, Tottenham.
POTTER. W., York.
WILSON, G. F., F.E.S.

INDU AND THE COLONIES :-

ADLAM. H.. Natal.

BANCROFT. G.. M.D.. Queensland.

BENNETT, G., M.D.. Sydney.

BONA VIA, Dr.. N. W. P., India.

COOPER, Sir Dan,, Bart.. Sydney.

DUTHIE, J. F., Saharunpore.

HAET. J., Jamaica.

IM THURN, Everard, British Guiana.

KING. Dr., Director, Koyal Botanic

Gardens, Calcutta.
MACOWAN, Prof., Cape Town
MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. V.,

Melbourne.
MURTON, H. J., Siam.
PRESTO, H.. Trinidad.
SCHOMBURGK, Dr.. Adelaide.
SMITH, T., New Zealand.
SYME. G., Jamaica.
TRIMEN. H., Ceylon.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING ;-

ANDRE. E.. Paris.
BOSCAWEN. Hon. and Eev. J. T.
BUE\'ENICH, F.. Ghent.
JACKMAN, J.. Woking.
JULIAN, G. Richards.

ORCHIDS :—

ANDERSON. J.. Meadowbank.
BACKHOUSE, I., York.
BRADSHAW, A., Waddesdon Gardens.
BULL, W.
BULLEN, E., Botanic Gardens.

Glasgow.
BUYSSON, JI. Le Comte.
CRAWSHAY, De B.
LAWRENCE, Sir Trevor. Bart.. M.P.,

President, Royal Horticultural Soc.
LEE. W., Downside.
LINDEN, Lucien, Ghent.
O'BRIEN. James.
PFITZER, Prof.. Heidelberg.
HEICHENBACH, Prof.. Hamburgli.
RIDLEY, H. N., British Musi'um.
SANDER, F.
SMEE. A. H.

SWAN. W., Howick House, Prcstou.
VEITCH, H.
WILLIAMS. B. S.
WOOLFOKD, C, Downside.

PRACTICAL GARDENINGS-
ATKINS, J.

AUSTEN, J.. Witlev Court Gardens.
BAILLIE, W, M., Luton Hoo Gardens.
BAINES, T.

BAKER, G. [Oxford.

BAXTER, W. H., Botanic Gardens,
BLAIR, T.. Shrubland Gardens.
CAEMICHAEL, A. M., Henley in Arden.
CHALLIS. T.

CHEISTIE, A„ Warwick Castle.
COLEJIAN, W., Eastnor Castle

COOMBEE, J.. The Hendre.
COOMBEE, W.. Regent's Park.
CEOSSLING, E., St. Pagan's Castle

Gardens.
CULVEEWELL, W., Thorpe Perrow.
DEAN, A, (Potatos, &c.).
DEWAR, D., Eoyal Gardens, Kew.
DOUGLAS, J., (rreat Gearies, Ilford.
DUN'N, M., Dalkeith.
E/VRLEY, W., Ilford.
EVANS. A., Lvthe Hill Gardens.
FINDL.AY, B., Mani-hester.
FISH. D. T., Hardvicke Gardens.
FOWLER, A., Castle Kenneilv
ERASER, J., Kew. [Gardens.

GIBSON, W. M. (Town Gardening).
GRIE\'E, P., Bury St. Edmunds.
HARRIS. G., Alnwick Castle.
HEMSLEY, A. (Market Plants).
HUDSON, J. (Stove Plants).
INGRAM, W., Belvoir Gardens.
LYNCH, E. J., Botanic Gardens,

Cambridge.
MiClNDOE. J., Hutton Hall.
MELVILLE, D., Dunrobin Gardens.
MILES, G. T., Wycombe Abbey

Gardens.
MILLEE, W., Coombe Ab' ey.
MOORE. F. W.. Glasue>in Botanic
O'BRIEN, T. [Garden.

RICHARDS, G. H., Somerley Gardens
ROBERTS, J., Gunnersbury.
EUST, J., Bridge Castle.
SAUL, M., York.

SHEPPAED, J., Wolverston Gardens.
SMITH, J.. Mentmore Gardens.
SMYTHE. W., Basing Park.
TEMPLE, M,, Carron House, N.B.
THOMAS, 0., Chatsworth Gardens.
THOMSON, W., Clovenford (Vines).
WALLIS, J., Keele Gardens.
WAED, E., HeweU Grange, Bromsgrove.
WAED, H. W., Longford Castle

Gardens.
WATSON, W., Koyal Gardens, Kew.
WEBSTER, J., Gordon Castle Gardens.
WILDSMITH, W., Heckfield Gardens.
WILSON, D.
WILSON, G. F. (Lilies).

ROSES :-

BENNETT, H.

D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H.

FISH. D. T., Hardwick. Bury St,

FISHEK, Rev. O. [Edmunds.

GIRDLESTON, I. W.

PAUL, G., Cheshunt.

PAUL, W., Waltham Cross.

VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY:-

BENNETT, A. W.
BOULGER, Prof.
DARWIN, Charles, the late.
FOSTER, Prof. Michael.
OAEDINEE, W., Cambridae.
GLAISHEE, James (Meteorology.)
UENSLOW, Eev. G.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JnLT 2, 1887.

CARTERS'

BRILLIANT pR|Z_E filNERARIA.

^leJalKoyal Botanic

Mpdal. Royal
ur.il Sncipty ...
.s n.l Prize,

l.ilnl, Royal

1S84

1884

Mi'dal, Royal
Horticultural Society ...
Banksian Medal, Royal
Horticultural Society ... 1885

LargeBronzeMedal,EoyalBotaHic Society 1885

FINEST MIXED SEED, contaiuing Every Shade of Colour.

Price Is. 6d., 2b. 6d., 3s. 6d. & 5s. pkt., post-ftee.

Seedsmen to H,M.

. H.R.H.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

FOR PRESENT & LATER SOWING.

CHOICEST FLORjSTS^ FLOWERS.

Superb Strains of AURICULA, BEGONIA,
CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA, CARNA-
TION, GLOXINIA, PRIMULA, &c., the finest
in cultivation, per packet Ix., 1.*. (5ri,, and ia.Qd.
Seeds & Plants of every description.

Priced t'ATALuGi:ES iKist-free,

"James Dickson <& Sons,"

"ROY.\L" SEED WAEEIIOrSE.

108 EASTGATE ST.,
CHESTER.

THE TRADE

T O

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

NARCISS, HYACINTHS, TULIPS,

CROCUS, FREESIAS, IXIAS, &c.

Special Low Prices on application.

Wholesale CATALOGUE of VEGETABLE
and FLOWER SEEDS for Summer and Autumn
SOWING— free by Post.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,
EXETER STREET, STRAND, LtlNDON, W.C.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18.5. to 36.s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

£5 FIRST PRIZE. A-

— /(^^

The FiiK-bt, Largest, and Ea
Cabbage in cultivation. ..- jr ^^
weiglis 4 lb. on May 6, antl J^jfi^
28 lb. in autumn. Another ^ V^
Grand Competition will *^

take place July 6, 1888.
No Entry

Open to all. Par- ^ v
ticularsv.'ithSoed ^

Price:
Is. per oz.,

Free.

^VV "HOW

^x TO win;

BY

Mr. D. Inglis,
Howick Hall,
inner of last year's
■, gratis with Seed.

^MEIN'SPMRVEL ONION,

'hi: be^t K::iiper and Uirge.^t giiiicer,

6d. per pkt., poBt-freo.

STUART & MEIN,

KELSO, SrOTLANT).

CABDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

Donations and Suhseriptions already

promised or sent.

SECOND LIST.

Barham, B., Grdor., Croxteth Hall, Liverpool
Bardney, W., Gardener, Norris Green, West

Derby, Liverpool

Bau3e, F., Morland Nursery, Portland Road,

South Norwood

Colville. J.. Gardener. Rufford Hall. Ormsltirk
Cummins. G. W.. Gardener, The Grange, Wal-

lington. Surrey ■

Coombft-?, J. P., Gardener, Englefield. Reading
Child. J., Gardener, Houndawood, St. Alban'f
Chuck, W.. Gardener, Brodsworth Hall, Don-
Connelly, J., Bedford Nursery, Acre Lane,
Cole, E., Gardener, Althorp Park, North-
Dean. R., Ranelagh Road, Ealing
DuilieM, G., Gardener, Bramford Lodge,

WinchmoreHill.N :

Daniel, F. T.. R.H.S. Gardens, Chiawick
Divers, W. H., Grdnr.. Ketton Hall. Stamford
Dnvied, C. Grdnr. The Mote Park, Maidstone

Dfpwett, \y., Breamore. Salisbury

Doiifjlas, .T,. Gardener, Great Gearies, Ilford ...
Dninfield, F.. Gardener, Valentines. Ilford ...
Ey.'s. J., Gardener, Grappenhall Heyes, War-
rington —

Eckford, H., Gardener. Boreatton Park, Bas-

church, Salop

Elliott, H., Grdnr., Mulgrave Hou<=e. Whitby
Evaii3. A.. Gardener. Lythe Hill. Haslemere,
Foster, J. J., Nurseryman. Stanmore ...
Ford, G.. Grdor.. Wrest Park, Arapthill, Beds
Fitt. J., Gardener, Caasiobviry, Watford
Fishlock Bros., St. John's Market. Liverpool,
Gaiger. W. G.. Gardener, Burton Closes. Bake-
well, Derby

Grey, J., Gardener. Normanton Park. Stamford
Green. J., Gardener. Warlies Park, Walthi

Abbev

Gibson. C.. Gardener. Morden Park. Miteh;
Greenfield. C. W., Gardener, Sheffield Park.

Uckfield

Gould, S. J., Gardener. Torr Grove, Plymouth
Garrett. J., Gardener, Batsford Park. Moreton-

in-Marah

Hammond, S. H.. R.H.S. Gardens, Chiswick..
Harman. W., Gardener. Newnhnm Paddox,

Lutterworth

Hazel. C. Gardener, Gaunt's House, Wimborne
Hudson, J., Grdnr, Gunnersburv House, Acton
Harris. W., Gardener. CanwickHall. Lincoln
Hensraan, G., Gardener, The Grove, Stanmore
Hull. C, Orchard. Old Southgate. N.
Henderson. A.. Gardener, Thoresby Hall. Oiler-
ton. Notts

Herbst. H.. Kew Road, Richmond
■Tenks. S.. Grdnr., Brambletye, East Grinstead
James, J., Wooodside, Farnham Royal. Slough
King, W., Gardener, Waddon Hou^e, Croydon
Larev, W., Gardener, Wigmore Park, Dorking
Laing. J., Stanstead Park Nursery, Forest

Hill, S.E

Low. W., Gardener, EustouHall, Thetford
Latham, W. B., Botanic Gardens, Edgbaston .
Lambert, J., Grdnr, Onslow Hall, Shrewsbury
Myers, J., Gardener. Grove Park, Watford ...
Markd, B.. Gardener, Alfreton Hall, Alfreton .

Miller. J., Ruxley Lodge, Esher

Munro, J. D., Gardener, Cambridge House.

TSvickenham

May. M.T., Grdnr.. Chiswick House, Chiswick
Muir, J.. Grdnr.. Margara Park, Port Talbot...
Nieman, J. H.,29. Orchard Street, Portmnn Sq.

Nicholson. A., Highfield Hall. Leek

Norman. G.. Gardener, Hatfield House, Herts
Nicholson. SirChas., The Grange, Totteridge. N.
Oliver. J.. Gardener. Eslington Park. Aluwick
Pole-Gell, Mrs., Chaudos. Hopton Hall, Works-

Morth

Parker, R., Gardener, Tmpney Hall, Droitwich
Pearson. G.. Grdr..Attingham Hall. Shrewsbury-
Pope. W.. Gardener, Highclere Castle, Newbury

Patrick, W., Hunstanton

Rumsey, W,. Joyning's Nurseries, Waltham

Cross. N

Robson. Mrs., The Grove. Hunton, Maidstone
Ross. C, Gardener, Welford Park. Newbury ...
Roupell. W.. Harvey Lodge. Roupell Park, S.W.
Rose. J. H., Grdnr., Lockinge Park, Wantage
Richardaon & Co., W., Horticultural Works,

Darlington

Reid, A., Gardener, Possingworth, Cr08S-in-

Hand, Sussex

SwanborouKh,W.,Gardnr.,GIasslouph, Ireland
Smith, J., Gardener. Waterdale, St. Helens ...
Smith W.. Gardener, Warfield Park. Bracknell
.Swansborough. H.. C^-dnr., Warfield Hall.

Bracknell

Smith, B., Gardener, BotleysPRrk.Chertsey...
Smith. C. Gardener. St. Anne's, Clontarf, Oo.

Dublin

Spftiicer. The Countess, Althorp Park, North-
ampton

Smith, J.. Rose Hill. Basingstoke

Salromb. W.. Grdnr., The Vineyard, Ticehurst
ditto, ditto. fcollected hv>

1 1
1 1

0
0

1 o'
1 1

0
0

\ 0

0

1 0

0

1 0
I 0

1 I
1 1

0
0
0
0

I 0
1 0

0
0

1 0

0

1 1

1 0
1 h
0 16

0
0

0 10 6

0 10 6

1 1 0
0 10 0

INSECT PESTS „t ,„. ..,.,_

Grepn Fly, Scalp. Red Spider, Thrips, Mealy Bur, &c.,

INSTANTLY KILLED

without Injury to Plants, ^-^^S- ^/?

"SWIFT AND SURE"
INSECTICIDE.

THE BEST anil CHEAPEST
INSECT DESTROYEE.

Awarded Certificate of Merit at the Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show.

In bottles, 1.5. 6rf. and 3s. 6<f. ; gallons, 10s. M. Carriage
Paid to any Station in the United Kingdom on Orders
ot £1 nett.

WEEDS on Garden Walks, Carriage
Drives, Rtalile Yards, Eailway Stations, &c.,

PERiVlANENTLY DESTROYED,

THE / / /

"PERFECT"
WEED KILLER.

SAVES MANY TIJIES ITS
COST IN LABOUR.

Prioe. 1 gallon, 2s. ; .1 galls., Is. M. per gall. ; 10 galls..
Is. 6rf. per gall. ; 40 galls., Is. id. per gall. Carriage Paid
in United Kingdom on Orders of fl nett.

MILDEW on Roses and all Plants,
completely UXJxiED,

"PERFECT'

MILDEW DESTROYER.

In bottes. at Is

ntity. Carriage Paid

WORM CASTS OB Tennis Lawns,
Cricket Grounds, Bowling Greens, &c.,

Easily PREVENTED.

THE y^"'^^ ~/^^

"PERFECT"
WORM DESTROYER.

In bottles, Is. 6rf. and 3s. 6rf. ; gallons, 7s. 6d. ; leas in
quantity. One gallon makes 80 for use. Enough for a
Tennis Lawn, 'ihs.

Carriage Paid in United Kingdom on Orders of £1 nott.

SOLD by ALL SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS.

M.iN-trF.vrTrREn only nv

THE HORTICULTURAL AND AGRICULTURAL

CHEMICAL COMPANY,

103, Holm Street, Glasgow.

NOTICE. — Otfr biainess has been entirely/ renioiied

from Tonbridf/e to Glasgow, as abaoe, and there is nou)

no firm o/ our name at Tonbridge, Kent.

Beware of Unprlnclplea Imitations of our
Name, and Wokthless Substitutes for our Goods.
Carefully note our Trade Mark, which is affixed to

all oui

nufactures.

and ■

which

July 2. 1887.]

TEE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

"ARCADIA

n

[A Veritahle Fairi/land.)

ROYAL AGRICULTURAL HALL,

ISLINGTON, N.

JULY 9 TO SEPTEMBER 24, 1887.

" AECADIA," a veritable Fairy-
land and World of Delight ; in short
the Tvhole of the Agricultural Hall
transformed into a huge Garden,
■«dth Beds of Choice Flowers, Luxn-
riant Foliage, inclined Walks amidst
Palms and Ferns, over Eustic
Bridges, &c., up to large Plateaux,
Seats, Eustic Summer Houses, Al-
coves, Ferneries, Fountains, Old
Stone Bridges, &e., and

A MONSTER WATERFALL,

falling 50 feet, 40 feet -wide, and
running no less than 120,000 gallons
per hour, erected at a cost of over
£600. Also

FLOWER SHOWS.

£200 given in CUPS, GOLD,
SILTEK, and BBONZE KEDALS.

GARDEN FETES,

MILITARY BANDS,
VARIETY ENTERTAINMENTS,

AND

PROMENADE CONCERTS.

At dusk " Arcadia " is Illurainated with
12,000 Coloured Lights and Lanterns, a la
Colindries, &c.

"Arcadia" Opens to the Public

at 2 p.m., on Saturday, July 9. (The
Judging takes place at 12 Noon.)

Schedules and. full particulars upon application to

HARRY ETHERINCTON, Manager,
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL HALL,

ISLINGTON, N.

ORCHID EXHIBITION.

One of the most beautiful sigJits
in London.

ORCHIDS.— Tlie PRIVATE VIEW of
^-^ Jlr. William Bull's ORCHID EXHIBrnoN is open

to I'atrons of the Establishment, every TUESDAY.
THURSDAY, and SATURDAY. 10 to 6 o'clock, throuRh-
out JULY.

Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's
Road, Chelsea, Loudon, S.W.

ORCHIDS.— The PUBLIC EXHIBITION
^^ of ORCHIDS is open to the Public, every MONDAY,
WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY, 10 to 6 o'clock, through-
out JULY'. Admission, each day, 2^. 6rf.

/"VRCHIDS. — A. vision of loveliness unpa-

^-^ rulleled in Europe.

QRCHIDS.

' Must be seen to be realised.'

ORCHIDS. — "A scene of the greatest Orchidic
^^ beauty. b;\ffling description, and defying exaggeration."

ORC

H I OS- — Specimeiis in Flower from Brazil,

Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador, Sladagascar. Assam. Peru,
Costa Rica, \'enezuela. West Indies, Burmah, Borneo,
and various other parts of the Eastern Archipelago.

{^RCHIDS.— The Exhibition is worth going

MRriLLIAM BULL'S

ESTABLISHMENT FOR NEW AND RARE PLANTS,

536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

Fancy and Show Pansies and Violas.

JOHN DUWXIE tlate uf the Firm of Downie
Sc Laird) invites inspectiuu of his magnificent coUeotioa
of the above at his Beechill Nurb^rj-. ifurrayfield, Edinburgh.

BEGONIA EXHIBITION

The Grandest Floral Displaij
in London.

Open to the Public every day (Sundays excepted), from
Jvdy to September, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. dally.

ADMISSION FREE.

OUR EXHIBITIONS OF BEGONIAS

Have been celebrated for their varied beauty and
extent for the past few years, but the COLLEC-
TION now on view is superior to any of the kind
ever yet seen, both in single and double varieties,
the shades of colour being quite indescribable,
and must be seen to be appreciated.

All lovers of flowers are cordially invited.

Nearest Railway Stations are Catford Bridge. Mid Kent Line
fS.E.R.). from Charing Croi';, Waterloo, Cannon Street and
London Bridge; and Forest Hill (L.B.&S.C.R.). from Victoria.
Kensington and West End, Croydon. &c. ; also from Liverpool
Street. "

JOHN LAING & CO.,

Begonia Specialists and Nurserymen,

FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E.

NEW EDITION,
Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free ^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1887.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

A SPECIAL meeting of the Fellows of
this Society was held in the Con-
servatory, South Kensington, on Tuesday las',
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., in the
chair. After the Secretary had read the notice
convening the meeting, the Chairman said it was
his duty to state as shortly as he could what had
been done since the annual meeting to come to
a satisfactory solution of the difficult position in
which the Society found itself at South Kensing-
ton. It would probably be in the recollection of
the ladies and gentlemen who were present at the
annual meeting that it was then stated, that
certain negotiations were being carried on with
the Royal Albert Hall Corporation, with a view of.
through them, maintaining their connection with
South Kensington, which had been, he might
say, maintained without interruption ever since
the Royal Horticultural Society was established
there under the auspices of the late lamented
Prince Consort. Although he was not
acquainted with the precise negotiations which
the Royal Albert Hall Corporation had been car-
rying on with the Royal Commissioners for the
Exhibition of 18,51, yet he was able to say that,
however far they had proceeded, they were not
sufficiently advanced for that Corporation to enter
into any negotiations with this Society. He be-
lieved they had not yet obtained the new charter
which it was necessary for them to have to enable
them legally to enter into the proposed arrange-
ment with the Royal Commissioners for the 1851
Exhibition, and therefore, so far as this Society
was concerned, the state of affairs now existing was
very much what it was in the spring, when the
meeting was held. He stated that the uncer-
tainty which attended the future of the Royal
Horticultural Society was having a prejudicial
effect upon the interests of the Society, as they
were losing many Fellows, owing entirely, as he
believed, to this state of uncertainty. The Council,
feeling this, had entered into negotiations with
the Royal Commissioners for the 18.51 Exhibi-
tion, with a view of ascertaining whether they

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jolt 2, 1887.

could give [a [site on>ny part of their ground
■where the business of the Society could be carried
on and where the library could be housed.
This was the more necessary in consequence of
the intention to pull down the present buildings,
which have been occupied by the Society for so
many years, and where the library had been,
he could not honestly say housed, on account
of the confined space in which it was. It was
therefore necessary for them to be provided
with another home in a very short space of time.
The result of these negotiations was, that the
Iloyal Commissioners offered a site not very far
distant, but which had many disadvantages,
amongst these being its circumscribed area and
its bad approach. They only offered some 2700
square feet, consequently the Council felt they
could not squeeze the Society into such a small
area, even if all other matters had been satisfac-
tory, unless they still had the right of occupying
the gardens and conservatory, where they had
been so long established. Uufortimately, the
Iloyal Commissioners insisted upon a positive
stipulation, that no buildings which the Iloyal
Horticultural Society might feel disposed to
put up on the land should confer any right,
either legal or moral, to the occupancy of
the conservatory or of the gardens, and in-
asmuch as the future of the conservatory and
gardens is by no means settled, the Council
naturally felt they might be embarking in build-
ing operations on ground which did not belong
to them, and the buildings put up might ulti-
mately be found to be in a very undesirable
position, and therefore the Council represented
to the Royal Commissioners that the site offered
was not adequate, and inquired whether they
could not offer another and more extensive site.
The answer they received was that, pending
the negotiations now being carried on with the
Royal Albert Hall Corporation, the Royal Com-
missioners had no further offer to make. That
being the position of matters the Council had
been on the look-out in various parts of London
for a suitable site, but at present had been un-
successful (although many sites offered them-
selves) in obtaining one suitable for the erection
of the necessary buildings in which they could de-
posit the Lindley Library. If such a site were ulti-
mately obtained the Society would have to expend
a considerable sum of money, independently of
the buildings to be put up, and therefore it was
doubly necessary to be cautious in their selection.
After stating some of the sites which offered,
with their advantages and disadvantages, the
Chairman went on to say that, provided the
Society had a definite and practical scheme to
put before the Fellows, the Council had always
been of opinion that the very large body of hor-
ticulturists in the country would be anxious to
support the Society. In deference to the desire
of some of the members of the Council, and as
His Royal Highness the late Prince Consort had
a great share in directing the arrangements of
the Society when it first came to South Kensing-
ton—His Royal Highness having taken very great
interest in the Society— it had been thought
right to bring the real position of the Society to
the Queen's notice, and they had received a most
gracious answer from Her Majesty, which was as
follow.s : —

" Aix-les-Bains, April 1(5, 1887.
■' Sir, — I have duly laid before the Queen the
memorial you have forwarded on behalf of the
Council and Fellows of the Royal Horticultural
Society, in which you express your desire to retain
the connection with South Kensington which has
lasted for more than a quarter of a century. Nego-
tiations with reference to the gardens are going on
between the Royal Contmissioriers of the Exhibition

of^lS.'Jl and the Council of the Royal Albert Hall.
The Queen hopes that, if the upper gardens and con-
servatories are acquired by the Royal Albert Hall,
there will be no difficulty in your Society coming to
an agreement with the Hall "both for shows and for
office accommodation. As the area left in the hands
of the Royal Commissioners after the dedication of
the ground for the Imperial Institute will be a small
one, the Queen does not think that the Commis-
sioners would be able to provide a gratuitous site for
the offices of the Society. I am commanded by the
Queen to add that Her Majesty trusts some satis-
factory arrangement will be arrived at, as Her
Majesty has not ceased to take an interest in the
welfare of the Roval Horticultural Society.

"I have the honour to be, Sir. your obedient
servant, " Henry F. Fonsonbv.'

The Chairman said, every one must admit that
the Council had done their best to secure satis-
factory terms and conditions so as to enable them to
continue at South Kensington, they feeling it was
most undesirable, from a great many points of view,
to sever their connection if it could be avoided ; but
it had at last been forced upon them more and more
every day, that unless they were compelled to live
on the somewhat unsubstantial diet of hope unful-
filled, they must turn their eyes elsewhere. What
the Council would recommend would be, that the
Fellows of the Society should authorise the Council
to take such steps as they might think most advan-
tageous for the future cf the Society in regard to its
housing, and that in the meantime (because, ol course,
that could not be done in a day) arrangements should
be made with a view at the end of the year, or as soon
as the engagements with other societies should permit
it, of carrying on their operations for a time at
Chiswick, making such arrangements as may be ne-
cessary to enable the enormous population of London
to attend the displays of fruit and flowers in the
shape of shows, which had been for so long a time a
feature of the history of the Society. All he had to
say, in conclusion, on behalf of the Council was, that
they were inspired by one object only, namely, to do
all they could to maintain the Royal Horticultural
Society, and to restore it to its sphere of utility,
which, in his opinion, the interests of the kingdom at
large made it necessary it should occupy.

A Fellow hoped the meeting would not come to
a final decision on the matter that day, because, as it
seemed to him, the whole thing hinged on what
arrangements were finally made between the Royal
Commissioners of 1851 anil the Albert Hall Corpora-
tion. He thought it was the desire of every one that they
should remain at South Kensington if possible, and
therefore it was premature to come to a decision now;
they were only in the month of June, and they had
got the whole of this year before they were compelled
to come to a final decision. It was the more
necessary- not to come to a hasty decision, as, from
all he heard, the movement of the Society from South
Kensington would very seriously damage its interests,
and it was a step therefore which ought not to be
taken without very grave consideration.

Another Fellow, while thinking there were some
reasons for wishing to stop at South Kensington,
considered it by no means in their present posi-
tion an unwise course to go back to their old
quarters at Chiswick, and there again have their
shows. He had been a member almost from the
commencement, and had always taken a very great
interest in the Society, but he thought that now pru-
dential considerations should decide the course to be
taken. There was no doubt they could get up very good
shows at Chiswick, and he could not help thinking
that the Fellows and their friends would take advan-
tage of these shows, whether held at Chiswick or at
South Kensington. At the same time he should be
sorry if the Society were to abandon their present
position, if they could see their way to maintaining it.
Mr. Shirley Hidberd made some remarks upon
the present financial position of the Society, and
thought that the Society had been far too local in its
character, and that they should endeavour to enlarge
its sphere in such a way as to engage the sympathies
of horticulturists throughout the kingdom, and if
it did that be believed it would be the most

powerful Ihorticultural society ever existing. It was
the business of the Society to be a horticultural
society, and the mischief at South Kensington had
been that it was not a horticultural society. In
1872 they bad great troubles, owing to there having
in the Society elements which were not horticul-
tural, and persons who had no sympathy with horti-
culture. It had no doubt given them a certain
amount of strength, but it was artificial. He must
say that, if the Society was to flourish, it must be
recognised on the basis of horticulture as appealing
to the whole country, in which case he believed there
would be no want of support. Horticulture, if worth
any attention at all, should be studied and pursued
for its own sake only, and when it was proposed the
Society should return to Chiswick the speaker re-
cognised in that a new beginning in a healthy way.
Although Chiswick was far removed even now from
London, and City men might find it diflicult to go
there, yet it possessed attractions at this moment
of which he believed many members were ignorant.
The work carried on there was of a genuine horticul-
tural character— it was well done under the greatest
difficulty.

The Chairman here intimated his opinion that it
was not much use waiting any longer, as they had
already been waiting for years, in the hope of coming
to some permanent arrangement with the Royal Com-
missioners, and his experience led him to think that
the Commissioners gave very little, but wanted a
good deal. They had not shown a very benevolent
feeling towards their Society, and neither he nor
any other member of Council anticipated getting
anything out of the Royal Commissioners. For
the present, the upper gardens and the conservatory
were hanging between heaven and earth.

Mr. H. J. Veitch wished to bear testimony to the
excellent spirit in which the Council had met the out-
side committee which was appointed in February last.
He only wished to add, that the committee were
strongly of opinion that the Society ought to retire to
Chiswick. He concluded by moving a resolution
" That this meeting requests the Council do take
such steps for the maintenance and housing of the
Society as may appear to them best calculated to
maintain the character and utility of the Society and
the interests of horticulture committed to its charge.'
Dr. Masters, while agreeing in the terms of the
resolution, hoped that the library would not be rele-
gated to Chiswick, for it would be of less service
there even than it had been at South Kensington.

Professor Foster suggested that, should they
return to Chiswick, some place should be selected in
some central spot in or near the City, where the
offices of the Society should be located, together
with the library. He would propose that the follow-
ing addendum be made to the resolution proposed,
as it was really not antagonistic ;-" That steps be
taken immediately to secure accommodation for the
Society at the close of the year, either permanent or
temporary, in some central situation in or not far
from the City."

After a few remarks from Baron Schroder, the
resolution, as amended, was passed unanimously. A
cordial vote of thank to the Chairman brought the
proceedings to a close.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

PHALiENOPSIS HARRIETTS X , Eolfe,
hyb. art,
A VKEY interesting and handsome hybrid, raised
by Mr. Seden in Messrs. James Veitch & Son's
nursery at Chelsea. The seed-parent is the original
P. amabilis (not the garden plant of that name),
better known as P. grandiflora ; the pollen-parent
P. violacea — the two belonging to totally distinct
sections of the genus, and thus rendering the hybrid
additionally interesting. The seed was sown in
January, 1882, and the first flower expanded in May,
1887, showing a little over five years in reaching the
flowering stage. At the present time the plant has
three leaves, strictly oval in shape, the largest

JntT 2, 1887.]

TEE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE.

measuring 4f inches, the smallest 2} inches in length.
The scape be.ars but a single flower, though it is pre-
mature to say how many it may develope when the
plant becomes stronger. The flower is 2-} inches in
expanse, and remarkably intermediate between that
of the two parents. The sepals and petals are pale
sulphur-white or of a tint which might be described
as pale primrose, the basal portions with numerous
minute almost suff'used dots and splashes of rosy-
purple, least conspicuous on the upper sepal. The
lateral sepals are acute and distinctly keeled, and
the colour confined to the inner half, as in
P. violacea ; the petals much broader than the
sepals (11 lines broad) and very obtuse, as in
P. grandiflora. The lip, though most resembling
P. violacea in general appearance, is also inter-
mediate between the two parents. It has a dis-
tinct stalk, like P. grandiflora ; the callus, between
the lateral lobes also wonderfully resembles that
of the same species. The front lobe resembles P-
violacea in shape and colour, and in being fleshy,
with acute keel behind ; the tendrils, too, are absent,

variety was concerned in the parentage of this hybrid
we do not know, but if others should in future be
produced a considerable variation in colour may be
expected. For scientific purposes P. violacea-
amabilis is the collective name under which these
hybrids must be classed, i?. A. Ro//c, Herbarium,
Royal Gardens, Kew.

Vanda Sakdehiai^a (Echb.f.) albata, «. var.

When I was last autumn at the wonderful place of
Jlr. W. Lee there was not only a typical Vanda
Sanderiana laden with flowers, but another plant,
equally full of bloom, which were smaller and of a
distinct colour. Nearly the same thing reappeared
in February last in the excellent collection of Herr
Consul Kienast-ZoUy, Ilirslande, Zurich. I ventured,
therefore, to name it. No doubt it is lovely ; it
might, however, be disagreeable to purchase it as
Vanda .Sanderiana itself, that one being superior to it.
The upper sepal and the petals are quite white, and
there are only a very few light purple spots stand at
the base. There is a little sulphur wash at the base

iL.TiN0PSIb HAEItlETT,!; X . (sEE P. 8.)

though the apex is distinctly notched, and has two
slight prominences where the tendrils should be.
The lateral lobes are just intermediate in shape and
direction between the broad membranous spreading
lobes of P. grandiflora and the narrow fleshy appressed
ones of P. violacea; they are rosy-purple above,
yellowish-white with brown and purple sjjots below,
and they stand one-third inch apart. The front lobe
is white behind, rosy-purple in front ; the keel, too,
is rosy-purple, standing on a yellow ground, and the
callus yellow, densely spotted with orange-brown.
Column rosy-purple in front, much paler behind,
much like that of P. grandiflora in shape. Alto-
gether it is one of the most remarkable and beautiful
hybrids we ever had the pleasure of seeing. The
plant has been acquired by the Hon. E. Corning, of
Albany, U.S.A., the possessor of one of the finest
collections of Orchids in the States, and is named by
request in honour of that gentleman's daughter. It
would be extremely interesting if Mr. Seden could
effect the cross the reverse way. It should be noted
that P. violacea is extremely variable in colouring —
from violet-purple to nearly white — no less than six
distinct varieties having been described. Which

of the petals. The lateral sepals have a few red-
coloured nerves with lateral branches at that side
where they are opposite each other. The other side
is marked with small red spots as also the branchlets
of the median nerve. The median and outer side are
suffused with sulphur. Hypochile sulphur now striped
with brownish-purple (in Consul Kienast's plant),
anterior lacinia brownish-sulphur at the base. In
the fiowers sent by Consul Kienast there are purple
stripes at the base of the epichile (anterior lacinia).
H. G.Schb.f.

Masdevallia dejiissa, n. sp*

This Masdevallia has strong, fine leaves. They

are very thick, cuneate, spatulate, with the usual

* Masdevallia demissa, n. -sp. — Folio valde coriaceo spatu-
lato obtTi.so ; pedunculo brevi iinifloro ; tubo depresso, mento
svibevanido ; sppali imparl triangulo libero minuto, cauda
elongata firraa ; sepalis lateralibua parte libpra lonRioribufl
pstus rotundatis. iotus alte conatis, in caudas iirmad prope
contigua3 extensis ; tepalis ab ungue brevi oblongis obtu?*is
obsciirissime emarginatis, labello cordato triangulo angusto
medio angulia geminis gibbis; columna acuta. Tubus in parte
sepali imparis riavus strii3 rubris temia. Pars inferior rufo-
purpurea. Caudse flavfe. Tepala et labelliun brnnnea. Ex
Costa Eicaimp. exc. Shuttlcworth & Carder. N. G. Bchb.f.

minute teeth at the blunt top. The peduncle is one-
flowered, and much shorter than the leaf. Its bract
is short, thin, and lax, and leaves the pedicel partly
free. The ovary is shorter than the tube of the
flower, which has a very imperfect mentum. The
tube is depressed from above. The free lacinia
of the upper sepal is triangular and very short. The
laterial sepals are triangular, connate, much longer
than the small triangle of the dorsal sepal. They
are rounded outside, and have nearly no free part
between the two strong yellow tails, which are
descendcnt, and on which the tail of the dorsal sepal,
darker yellow, more orange, is incumbent. That
part of the depressed tube that belongs to the dorsal
sepal is brightest yellow with three brownish-purple
lines, while the colouring of the side sepals is
brownish-purple. Petalssmall, cuneate-oblong. blunt,
most slightly emarginatc .at the apex, chiefly brown,
partly whitish marginate. Lip narrow, cordate, tri-
angular-acute, with two small anguli in the middle,
brown. Column white. The flower is a little smaller
than that of Masdevallia coriacea, equal to that of
Masdevallia calura. It is very distinct in the
depressed tube, and the approximated lateral tails.

It was imported from Costa Rica by Messrs.
Shuttleworth & Carder, 191, Park Road. Clapham,
S.W. H. G. Echb. f.

A WEST INDIAN FOREST.

{Contimud from p. 833, vol. i., 3rd scr.)
As this was my first visit to the mountain
forests, I confess I waited with growing and hardly
concealed impatience for the arrival of the Doctor,
The pathless tropical forest, of which I had read and
dreamt from early boyhood was about me on every
hand, and the very lizards seemed to reproach me
with delay, for a deputation of two entered the gallery
and very soon after visited my collecting-box. At
last the hour comes with no sign of the man, and giving
up all hope of his coming, we get under weigh after
fortifying the negroes, each with an " ungentlemanly
shot " of rum. As we descend the path to the lake
our appearance is hardly suggestive of a peaceful
botanical ramble. Helmets, rough home6i>un clothes,
gigantic boots and leggings — these by themselves are
intelligible enough as garments under the circum-
stances, but when the wearers carry each a long,
heavy, curved cutlass, a cut-throat, stage-brigand like
aspect is at once imparted to the turn-out. There is
no blood-curdling deed on hand, however, and no
testhetic impulse, but stem necessity thus orders our
equipment. Without such arms, and armour, the
traveller will soon come to a halt in the high woods.
As we descend, the steep, slippery, clay-bank soon
takes the romance out of the picture, for first Jlr.
Elliott, and then the writer, suddenly travelled
downwards toes in air with involuntary velocity.
Regaining our feet we staggered over a Bamboo bridge
(consisting of three Bamboos), laid across a stream,
and in this undignified way enter the forest. A
sloppy track leads us to the lake and after a view of
it. and deciding to reserve it for a short evening ex-
cursion, we strike up the ridge on our left in order
to reconnoitre the high peak beyond, which^we meant
to ascend next day. As we go upward under
graceful Tree Ferns and Palms and past giant Silk-
cotton trees, our cutlasses are in constant use to
make a path through the branches of a dense under-
growth and the numberless lianes hanging like
cordage from the branches of trees far aloft. The
trunks are covered with Ferns and mosses in pro-
fusion, and in chaiming variety, but loveliest of all,
both for form and delicate texture, are the " filmy "
Ferns. Epiphytic Orchids are here too, with a few
ground Orchids, fortunately in flower. Not Kingsley
in At Last, nor even Wallace himself, can prepare a
naturalist for the impressions that rush on him with
confusing rapidity on his first visit to a genuine
tropical forest. There is a strange silence in the
dark depths of these woods on a still day such as
this. No birds are singing among the branches, no
call or croak even is heard. One feels as if
all were hushed in expectation as in our native
woods before a storm of lightning and thunder

10

THE GABDENEItS' CHRONICLE.

[July 2, 1887.

breaks. No animal life is to be seen except the
numerous lizards of many colours and various sizes—
though none of tliem so big as the large iguana of
the coast and lower ground. An occasional hum-
ming-bird comes murmurously up to my face, but
the animal kingdom seems otherwise to have de-
serted this part of the forest, and not even a mosquito
is about. All at once what I take to be the back of
a beautiful snake is seen a few yards off, and drop-
ping cutlass I dart towards it to be suddenly thrown
on my back by a liane which has caught me across
tlie bridge of the nose. On getting up I see the
cause of all my haste is but a decaying narrow
lanceolate leaf. In the dim light of these
woods even tlie experienced eye is constantly
being deceived in just such a way as this, but
one experience of the penalty of headlong ha.ste
is generally enough. To be " brought up standing ''
is not agreeable (nautically or otherwise), but to be
promptly thrown on one's back by a cord stretched
across the bridge of the nose is even less so. Up-
ward we go, and the boxes carried by the negroes are
r.ipidly being filled, while every few steps draws from
us exclamations of delight at the acquisition of a
fresh specimen. That we have been going uphill is
beyond dispute, but a good deal of tacking has been
done, sometimes to avoid a tree or rock, oftener to
obtain a specimen, and after an hour and a half of it
we halt to rest, and to bring our combined faculties
to a focus with the hope of making out our where-
abouts. The folly of attempting to reconnoitre
our peak is ajiparent, since in no direction
is it possible to see farther than a few yards,
and the sky shows only in small patches
here and there through the roof of foliage far over
our heads. Tlie sun cannot be seen, and the mariners'
compass is no part of our equipment. We have
reached the top of the hill we have been climbing
after cruising about its summit for some time.
However, it does not occur to us that we are lost,
since I, backed by the opinion of Cox and Ca?sar, am
positive as to the side on which we ascended, and
as to the expediency of returning in a new direction
which shall land us sooner on the track back to the
hut. We set out without farther discussion, and a
little way down come upon a dirty watercourse,
which doubtless le-ids to the pond. We go rapidly
— that is, comparatively — down the rocky bed of the
stream, bagging a Tree Fern on the way, the top part
of wliich Cox slioulders, and then on again. But it
is time to call another council — we should surely
have reached the lake before now, and the winding
of the watercourse has not made our sense of direc-
tion any clearer. There are four of us, and we each
hold out for a different point of the compass. As
the wisest plan, it is agreed to ascend the hill on the
right, and send Ca!sar up a tall tree to take obser-
vations, at all events, of the whereabouts of the sun.
Tliirsty beyond endurance, with no water-vine to
be found — weary and fatigued, and bathed in per-
spiration, we begin the long climb, cutting our way,
sliding back and tumbling among prickly under-
growth, with the feeling of manhood taken out of
our legs by the steaming heat. Fairly spent, and
Tvitli a thirst that was not to be tampered with, the
toilers reach the summit, which is just as hot and
close as the valley. The climb has been a long
one, though we have travelled faster than before,
since no collecting can be done, for the boxes are
full, and even Cox and Coesar can carry no more.

After a few minutes' rest Cjesar selects a tree, and
ascends it witli the agility of a monkey. We watch
him go up, and when he reaches the top of the great
tree he sliouts his success, and then comes swinging
down from branch to branch and climber to climber
in a fearsome way. He brings the information that
we had been going down towards the other side of
the island on the outward slope of the mountain,
and that our watercourse ran to tlie sea, not to
the lake ; that we were on the highest ground
anywhere near; in fact, on the top of the peak
ive had gone forth to reconnoitre I It ia grati-
fying to learn, too, that by keeping to the ridges we
may come " at once " (that means anything from

half an hour onwards — generally onwards), on the
track beyond the hut, and so get easy going. Down
again we go, and follow the ridges or shoulders of the
liill — then along a gentle slope, and down again, when
Mr. Elliott, who is leading at a tremendous pace, sud-
denly catches sight of the track separated from us by
a dense mass of cruel razor-grass and a precipitous
rock. Witli the courage of ignorance I make for the
razor-gi'ass, and soon hands, wrists, and face, are
seamed with sharp cuts and bleeding at a dozen
places. It has to be done, however, and once on the
rock I am at home. I soon find a ledge from which
a lower one is reached and then a jump lands me
on the track. The others follow, and half a mile or
so brings us to the hut.

After washing in a bucket we have dinner, and
then an evening stroll by the lake, during which we
come upon a magnificent Palm in flower. We cut
it down with our cutlasses, and carry the lovely wliite
and red flowers, some unopened, back with us for
determination. In the evening Mr. Striker is com-
municative, and tells us of a sulphur spring hitherto
unknown to the white inhabitants, and I engage liis
brother to guide us there in the morning. Prepara-
tions are then made for slumber. These consist in
bringing out a couple of deck-chaiis — one wliich His
Excellency the Governor had sat in for me since Mr.
Strikerconnects me with the control of the comingtotal
solar eclipse, and I am obviously to him a man who
possesses a peculiarly strong fetish — to be propitiated
at all hazards. I confess when I see certain orna-
mental knobs on it my heart yearned after the other,
but the penalty of greatness liad to be endured.

In the other division of the hut many people are
sleeping, and tlie night noises ot the tropical forest
are somewhat mixed with the rumbling sound of
many negroes snoring together. Tlicse exercises in
" part " snoring are peculiarly loud, owing, I suppose,
to the trumpet-shaped nostrils of the negro race.
Few mosquitoes are about but many sandflies, and
the amount of suffering endured may be estimated
from the fiict that one sandfly is equal to about ten
mosquitoes in bloodthirstiness, adroitnes.s, and per-
sistency. One has heard a good deal in recent years
of " intellect in brutes," from the elephant to the
ant, but the claims of the sandfly, which extorts both
blood and admiration from the observer, have been
shamefully overlooked, (r. Murray.
(To be contimted.)

Roses.

KEW NOTES.

Masdevallias. — The Kew collection of this
interesting genus is becoming quite a typical
one. a large proportion of the cultivated species
being represented. At the present time about
twenty-five species ni.iy be seen in flower, several
of them being species not commonly met with.
Among these may be noted a fine plant of
the remarkable M. muscosa, with peduncles
covered with stiff green bristles, like a Moss Rose.
A figure of this remarkable plant has been pre-
pared for the Botanical Magazine. M. porcelliceps
is another interesting little species, though perhaps
not possessed of great beauty. The name is given
to indicate that the buds somewhat resemble little
pigs' heads. That little gem of recent introduction,
M. AVendlandiana, is now bearing six of its neat
little flowers. A neat and pretty little species from
Costa Rica with lurid purple perianth and yellow
tails, too, is in flower. This, we believe, is to be pre-
sently described as M. demissa. [Seep. 9.] Somewhat
resembling the latter, though taller, is another
species bearing the name M. capaularis. We do not
know if the plant has been described under this
name. M. Keiclienbachiana is a larger species of
the same affinity, which is extremely effective. The
following list shows the additional species now in
flower: — M. amabilis, M. Chelsoni, M. coriacea, M.
erythroch.Tta, M. floribunda, M. Ilarryana, M. in-
fracta, M. ludibunda, M. maculata, M. nyctcrina, M.
octhodes, M. radiosa, M. Rcczlii, M. Shuttleworthii,
M. S. var. xanthocorys, M. triaristella, M. triclia;te,
M. Veitcliiana, M. Wagenerinna, and M. xantliina.
Several other species have fiowcred earlier in the
season, but are now gone off. li. A, li.

AMONGST THE ROSES.

How delightfully variable our climate is, and what
charming elevations and depressions it gives to the
minds of those who are in any way influenced by its
caprices — Hose exhibitors for example. The cold
sunless times of "merry May." as those deceivers
the poets of old used to call it, sent down their
spirits to zero, there was great fluttering amongst
the managers of shows — "We must alter the dates,
or there will be no Roses to show;" and so they
began at it. The writer did what he could to stop
the proceeding (which, like most proceedings when
a panic is abroad, were absurd), and in some in-
stances succeeded, but in others the changes were
made, and that without any consideration of the
feelings or interests of others ; and now what is
the state of things? We jumped from winter
into summer, and June 21 was what it ie said
by some in mockery to be. Midsummer Day; and as
the thermometer jumped up to the SU's so the
spirits of the Rose growers revived, except in the
case of those w^ho altered the dates of their shows,
and who are now beginning to ask themselves,
whether they were quite right in so doing.

As far as my observation goes, we are likely to
have a very fine bloom. The manner in which
Roses have pushed on is something marvellous, a
plant of climbing Devoniensis on my house, which
a week or two ago hardly showed a bud, is now one
mass of bloom. As yet the foliage of all Roses that
I have seen looks remarkably clean and bright, and
the buds plump and sound. There are a few things
which every careful Rose grower, whether he be
an exhibitor or not, will now attend to : — 1st, there
is the worm in the bud : this I find to be excessively
numerous this year. Every plant must then be
carefully hand picked, and the grub ruthlessly
destroyed. In the second place, disbudding must
be rigidly carried out ; let no tenderness for the
youngsters induce the grower to spare them ; they
should be removed as soon as ever they can be seen,
and only the central bud left. If this has been in
any way injured or is deformed, or shows the colour
too soon — a bad sign — then it may be removed, and
one of the side buds left, but in any other case
dependence must be placed on the central bud
Some persons may be inclined to say, " Oh ! but I
don't exhibit, and what is the use of all the trouble
about disbudding? " Well, I do not exhibit, and yet
I disbud ; for surely it is better to see one well deve-
loped flower adorning the top of a shoot than to liave
three or four half developed flowers crushed together.
I know it is difficult at first to believe this, but I
think we come to it. We leave our summer Roses
to bloom as they will, but I think we have too much
regard to the choicer productions of the Rose garden
to leave them without this mark of our tender affec-
tion !

Another very important matter now is to give the
plants two or three good dosings of liquid manure —
cow-dung with a little soot in it makes the best.
This should be put on in no stinted measure, and is,
of course, best done in the evening. It is well on
the following evening, when the ground is nearly
dry again, to run the hoe over the beds.
This prevents cracking, loosens the soil, and ia
generally conducive to the health of the plants ; in
fact, the hoe is one of the gardener's best friends.
and I should not hesitate to say th.at that garden was
the best managed where the hoe was most used, and
the rake relegated to the tool-house. The liquid
manure unquestionably adds to the vigour of the
foliage, and the consequent excellence of the bloom;
but it does more — it encourages the starting of the
growths from the base of the plant — those shoots on
which the hopes of the grower hangs for another
year.

Of the two pests which injure the foliage of the
Rose as much as the maggot does the flowering-
bud — orange-fungus and mildew — I have as yet seen
nothing. I have heard of the appearance of the

Jot,y 2, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEHB' CHBONICLE.

11

former in some gardens, but not in this neighbour-
hood. An ingenious' idea has been evolved by a
ivell-knoivii writer, that the cause of its greater fre-
quency is the larger introduction of the Brier (which
is verv subject to it) into our gardens. Jty own
experience of it is strange. I had it very badly for
some years, and my Roses ran under bare poles in
July, and desolation reigned ; but one year it
departed quite suddenly, and I have never been
attacked by it since. It is a miserable nuisance
where it is virulent. As to mildew, it is, per-
haps, rather early for that, but if this weather
continues we may soon expect to have it — at
least, if hot days are succeeded by cold nights, for I
believe the sudden changes of temjierature are most
conducive to it. It may be checked by the use of
sulphur or some of its compounds, such as sulphide
of potassium, but I know no preventive and no real
cure for it; it is a great comfort that, although very
disfiguring, it does not seem to permanently injure
the plants.

We shall soon be in the midst of the Rose exhi-
bition season, and my hope is that it will prove to be
one such as we have not had for some years. May it
be so. nVd Rose.

WATER OYER GLASS AS A
ROOF TO TLAXT-HOUSES.

Some frames on this new principle having, by per-
mission of the authorities, been exhibited at the
Royal Botanic Gardens in the Regent's Park, with
the plants grown in them during the late winter with-
out artificial heat, a short description of this mode of
cultivating half-hardy plants may possibly be inter-
esting to some of your readers.

The essence of the invention is, that all light and
heat admitted to jilants shall previously pass through
a shallow layer of water. The properties of water
are found to exercise great control over tempera-
ture, protecting plants entirely from frost in winter,
and from excessive direct heat in summer — results
which have a considerable influence on tlie economy
of plant culture.

The application of the water-surface involves no
difficulty. In the case of a garden frame a sliding
tank or cistern, about .3 inches deep, is made to fit over
the sill of a frame, either of wood or bricks, contain-
ing the plants. This tank is called a " water-light,"
and answers to the glass light of an ordinary garden
frame, the only diiFerence being that it liolds water,
and is alwjiys placed in a flat position. On a larger
scale, a succession of these water-lights between
rafters form the roof of greenhouses, &c. The depth
of water generally kept in the tank is about 2 inches
in winter and summer, and half the depth in spring
and autumn. The water is not usually encased in
glass, but remains in the cistern open to the weather.

In winter the tank is constantly frozen over, but
as long as a layer of liquid water remains under the
ice the plants cannot be injured by frost. The reason
for this is, that liquid water always remains at .32°
Fahr., or just above freezing-point, and the plants
below can no more be frozen than fish or other
creatures under a great depth of ice. The plants
have the further protection of the glass surface below
the water, so that it may be taken as a rule that they
will be exposed to no lower a temperature than .35°
Fahr. At that temperature a vast range of plants
can be wintered without the assistance of artificial
heat, and as far as present experience warrants in
structures either higher or more complicated than
garden frames.

Water has, moreover, the singular property of ab-
sorbing and retaining the heat-rays of the sun instead
of transmitting them, as in the case of glass, directly
to the plant. The consequence is that in summer,
plants, however delicate, may be exposed to full sun-
shine without being injured by scorching heat, and
shading therefore becomes unnecessary. For the
same reason ventilation and watering are less
urgently required, and the height of the structure
may be greatly reduced.

Experience has shown that the moist and regular
temperature inside the water frame is particuLarly
adapted to striking cuttings and raising seeds, difti-
cult kinds of wliich liave been successfully brought
on under water cover. With the addition of air
established plants will grow well throughout tlu'
year, being placed in good conditions for health under
a flat roof .and close to the light.

It would appear that plant-houses on the water
principle will be found very useful in London and
other large towns and suburbs, where there are many
small cultivators who wish to keep a few plants from
year to year, but have not the advantage of a gar-
dener or heated greenhouse. These will be enabled to
extend the field of their gardening pursuits, whili' to
larger growers the possibility of saving in fviel, labour
or structure, is worth cnnsiileration.

I will conclude with the hope that this invention,
which was satisfactorily tested at Kew and other
Royal gardens through" the late severe winter, will
be "of use in extending the culture of greenhouse
plants. Thomas C. Marsh.

[A frame on this principle, filled with soft-wooded
greenhouse [plants, may be seen at Chiswick. The
plants were in the frame all the winter, and svilfered
no injury. Ed.]

Fruit Register.

DANA'S IIOVEV PEAK.
Ir this Pear be gathered about the middle of
October, when quite green and hard, and put into
boxes or barrels like store Apples, it will ripen from
December 1—30, with a rich golden-russet hue,
unlike any other Pear, and possess a lusciousness of
flavour unsurpassed by any other fruit grown in our
gardens. Gardeners' Monthly,

Wj

RLOO Peach.

This variety, with us planted indoors, has again this
season done remarkably well, having perfected ten
dozen handsomely coloured fruits, deliciously sweet,
and of capital size. On placing the tape around
some of the individual fruits, I found them to be over
9 inches, and turning the scale at half a pound is
not at all bad for an early variety. Last year (the
second after planting) it carried 8j dozen fruits. I
have not yet attempted to force it early, as it is
planted in the second house, and we have no need
for so doing. But started in the end of January
gently, and with a very moderate night temperature
throughout, we were able to gather the first ripe
fruit on May 27. I have planted by its side a
Royal George, and Grosse ^lignonne — in ray opinion
two of the very best Peaches grown — and both of
them are carrying heavy crops, but they will not be
ripe for some time — say five weeks after the Waterloo.
From what the Waterloo has already done here, I
assume it would succeed "well in a cold house. H.
Markham, Mcrcworth Castle.

POTATO FERTILISERS.

An experiment with different fertilisers on Potatos
was conducted last year at the Agricultural Experi-
ment Station at the State College of Kentucky.
The conclusions arrived at are : —

1. That the application of stable manure greatly
injures the quality of the Potato.

2. That the application of the nitrate of soda is
injurious to the quality of the Potato. This will
probably hold good to the application of any nitro-
genous fertiliser.

3. The inference is, based upon one trial, that the
result in the quality of the Potato is the same
whether sulphate or muriate of potash is used, at
least in combination with nitrate of soda and super-
phosphates.

The highest quality — that is, the highest per-
centage of starch — was found in Potatos raised with-
out manure ; in these the percentage of starch was
15'98. Tubers raised with superphosphate of lime
and sulphate of potash stood next, the starch being
15'97. This fertiliser, 600 pounds of superphosphate

and 200 pounds sulphate of potash, also gave the
largest yield but one of large Potatos— 203 bushels to
the acre. The use of superphosphate in the same
quantity, and 300 pounds of nitrate of soda, gave
213 bushels of large Potiitos, but the percentage of
starch in the last was only 15-13. One and a half
ton of stable-manure to tlie acre gave 170 bushels of
large tubers, with a starch percentage of 14-65, The
yield with no manure was 138 bushels of large tubers.
These conclusions agree with other experiments,
and may be further confirmed. " VicJc's Illmfrated
Maga:uic "for May.

"THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE."

(Continued from p. 7(38, vol. i., 3rd scr.)

THIRD PERIOD: 1827 — 1864.

Sin Wir.LiAji Hooker. — We have now reached an
exceedingly .active period in English gardening
generally, and in flower-gardening particularly. In-
timately connected with the latter was a simultaneous
advance in systematical and geographical botany.
Promoters and practitioners of the three cognate
branches of knowledge were numerous ; yet it is not
unfair to the whole body of them to assert that the
extraordinary developments of the time were very
largely due to the exertions of two remarkable
men— I mean Sir William Hooker and Dr. Lindley.
The former was Professor of Botany at Glasgow, and
the latter was Assistant-Secretary to the Horticul-
tural Society of London, and was nominated Professor
of Botany in University College, London, then called
the University of London, in 1829. Both of
these men possessed unusual capabilities for work,
combined with administrative and organising talents
of no mean degree. When Sir William undertook
the post of editor of the Botanical Mar/aHne, Samuel
Curtis was still the proprietor and nominal " con-
ductor " of it ; and at that date there were in
existence no fewer than ten English serial publica-
tions, illustrating in colours the cultivated plants of
English gardens. Therefore it was no easy task to
resuscitate one in an advanced stage of decay, such
as he found the Magazine ; and it was only a person
of great resources that could have accomplished it.

As already mentioned, Hooker at once discontinued
his Exotic Flora, and threw his whole energies into
the older serial. Although his n.ame appears on the
titlepage as the author of the descriptions only, ho
was actually the artist as well, acting in this double
capacity for ten years ; and it is not too much to
say that he was unequalled as a botanical draughts-
man. He had a clean finished style peculiarly his
own ; and he succeeded in obtaining the service of
colourists of abilities rarely met with at the present
dav. A glance at the few plates he contributed to
the end of the fifty-third volume will be sufficient
to convince anybody of the accuracy of this state-
ment, though the great superiority of his work is
more evident in subsequent volumes. Previously no
adequate analyses of the flowers and fruits were
given, but he introduced full and often very elaborate
dissections.

In his first volume (the fifty-fourth of the whole
work) he initiated the custom of dedicating the
volumes to persons eminent in botany or horticulture.
This volume is dedicated to Robert Barclay, Esq.,
of Bury Hill, Dorking, and as the words addressed to
him by the dedicator throw some further light on
the history of the Magazine, I will reproduce them ; —

" Upwards of forty years ago the first series of the
Botanical Magazine was begun, under your auspices,
by its Lamented editor, Jlr. William Curtis. At the
expiration of so long a period it is with no ordinary
satisfaction that I am enabled to inscribe your name
at the head of the present series of the work,
suggested by your zeal for the encouragement of
science, and renewed under your enlightened
patronage."

In addition to jiortraits of plants cultivated in this
country. Hooker, through his widespread connections,
was able to give figures of important economic and
other interesting pLants, such as the Butter-nut,
double Cocoa-nut, Cochineal Fig, Clove, and Nut-
meg, in the volume in question. These were figureil

12

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

[JcLT 2, 1887.

from drawings supplied by Cliarlcs Telfair, of the
Mauritius, and the Rev. E. Guilding, of St. Vincent.
Among Orchids in this volume are Zygopetalum
Mackaii (pi. 274S), and Oncidium pulchellum*
(pi. 2773), both described here tor the first time.

Of special interest in the fifty-fifth volume are
Cycas circinalis, the Baobab, and the Bread-fruit
tree, with the history of its introduction into the
British West Indies. In the same volume (pi. 28.51),
is a figure of Cattlcya intermedia.t Among other
notable plants introduced about this time were
Euphorbia splendens (pi. 2902) ; Renanthera coccinea
(pi. 2997) ; Peristeria data, the Dove Flower or cl
Spirito Santo (pi. 3116) ; Cephalotus foUicuIaris, the
Australian Pitcher-plant (pi. 3118-9) ; Bletia Shcp-
herdii (pi. 3319), named in honour of the brothers
Shepherd, wlio gained so great a reputation for the
Liverpool Botanic Garden ; and, making a consider-
able leap, the lovely Australian Rhodanthe Manglesii
(pi. 3483). This brings us down to 1836, the date of
a notable event in pictorial botany.

W. II. Fitch.
As I must perforce pass over much that is interest-
ing, I cannot do better, perhaps, than halt at the
point where this famous botanical artist makes his
first appearance, which, so far as the Botanical
Magazine is concerned, took place in 1836. By this
time Hooker's botanical labours were so multifarious
that he found it necessary to obtain some assistance
in drawing plants, and hearing of this then young artist,
he sought him out, engaged liim, and soon inducted him
into botanical drawing. The earliest plate I have
observed bearing Fitch's initials is tab : 3514, Myan-
thus barbatus var. (vol. 63), but in the next volume
he is almost sole artist, and continued as such down
to the end of the 103rd volume (1877), contributing
altogether about 2800 plates. It is almost superfluous
for me to add tliat this forms only a small portion of
the work done by this accomplished botanical artist,
whose name appears in every English illustrated
botanical and horticultural work of importance pub-
lished during the last half century.

In 1845 Dr. .1. D. (now Sir Joseph) Hooker
described (in Hooker's London Journal nf Botany, iv.,
p. 640, pi. 23 and 24) the singular arboreous Com-
posite, Fitchia nutans, a native of Tahiti and other
islands of the Pacific Ocean; and in 1869 he dedi-
cated the ninety-fifth volume of the ilagazine " to
the accomplished artist and lithographer of upwards
of 2500 of the plates already published in the Maga-
zine."

The same year that Fitch commenced drawing for
the Magazine the honour of knighthood was conferred
on the editor, the elder Hooker, in recognition of the
great services he had rendered to botany.

In other respects the sixty-third volume of the
Botanical Marjazinc, is a noteworthy one. It contains
evidence of the rapid extension of Orchid culture
and an index to the previous nine volumes. Plate 3530
(Ribes 5peciosnm)was drawn by William Curtis, a son of
Samuel, who is still living with his sister in Jersey.
The sixty-fourth volume is dedicated to James Bate-
man, Esq., of Knypersley Hall, Cheshire, author of
the magnificent Orchidacca^ of Mexico and Guatemala,
and an illustrated Monograph of Odontoglossum, and
after Cattley one of the earliest private growers of
Orchids on a large scale. His collection was greatly
enriched by George Ure-Skinner, who sent his first
consignment of Orchids from Guatemala in 1835.{
Twenty of the figures in this volume are of Orchids,

" The first Oni-idium in the Magaziue is O. bifolium (pi.
1491), cultivated by Loddiges in 1812. " This was hung up in
the cabin of the ship without earth, and continued to flower
great part o( the voyage home," thereby teaching gardeners a
lesson.

t It is worthy of record here that Lindley founded the genus
Cattleya in honour ot W. Cattley, a gentleman wllo was the
most successful of the earlier amateur cultivators ot epiphytal
Orchids. The original species was C. labiata, figured in the
Collectanea Betanica (plate .13) in 1821 ; and Lindley wrotf^
concerning it as being " without exception the handsomest
species of the order he had seen alive."

I Mr. Bateman estimates that at least 300 species new to
gardens were introduced in 1837, chiefly from Mexico and
Guatemala,

and the immediately succeeding volumes contain a
larger proportion. The first Odontoglossum (O.
bictoniense) that reached England alive, as I learn
from Bateman 's Monograph, is figured on plate 3812,
where it bears the name Zygopetalum africanum,
given owing to an error as to its origin. This was
one of Skinner's numerous introductions.

The sixty-eighth volume of tlie Magazine is dedi-
cated to Mrs. Lawrence, of Ealing Park, the mother
of Sir Trevor Lawrence, and one of the most ardent
horticulturists of her day. Meanwhile, in 1841, Sir
William Hooker had been appointed Director of the
Royal Gardens, Kew. W. B. H.

( To be coniinuej .')

A PROLIFIED CATTLEYA.

We are indebted to M. Lucien Linden for the com-
munication of specimens of tiiis remarkable flower.
It is the more noteworthy inasmuch as the deformity
is reproduced year after year — a circumstance which,
as we understand, has led Professor Reichenbach to
call it Cattleya intermedia var. prolifera. The
growth in question seems to have begun life as a
flower, and then to liave produced two side branches,
each in its turn terminated by a flower. Thus in
the specimen before us the inferior ovary and
column were entirely wanting, but there were
three sepals. A, b, c (figs. 2 and 3), in the

" I alone have this plant." The two )jerigonial
whorls are free, so that the organs stand much
farther apart than usual. I know well an
approximation to this is usual, but here the case is
excessive. There is no column at all. It is repre-
sented by a branch bearing nearly no axis, but show-
ing two flowers with pedicelled ovaries standing in
front of the petals, and being nearly normal. Only
the columns are more or less aberrant. Between the
two pedicels is a small tumour with a small leafy
scale, or a long leafy body on a little tumour.

This is a very uncommon sight. You might
become poetical, and speak of birds flying away ; or
you might say with Castel —

" In^ecic vegftal, de qui laficnr ailcc
Semitic quitter sa tigc et prendre la volir.''

A fine representation should be given in the second
edition of the Vegetable Teratology of Dr. Maxwell
T. Masters. There can be no doubt that, after
nearly twenty years, a fresh edition of this book is
greatly wanted. If the Ray Society be not inclined
to bring it out, a subscription might be opened
that would enable even the most cautious book-
seller (and I am afraid no bookseller is not cautious !)
to publish this useful work. H. G. Schb. ,/'. [A
German edition, prepared by Jlr. Dammer, and with
numerous additions, has recently been issued. Ed.]

^ /

Fig. 2.— PL.IN OF PROLIFEBOirs CATTLEVJ

usual position. Aljove the sepals the .axis of the
flower was prolonged for a sliort distance, and then
bore a whorl of three petals — two, d e, like the
ordinary side petals, and one, f, like the lip. Nothing
more was borne in the central line except one petal-
like segment, a, borne quite close to the apex of
the floral axis, but probably a lateral outgrowth.

From the axil of each of the side petals, d e, pro-
ceeds a stalk bearing an imperfect flower with three
sepals, one partially lip-like. In addition there is
one perfect lip, h, and in the centre a mass of irre-
gular segments, which may represent petals and
possibly stamens, but the arrangement was too con-
fused to enable us to determine their position with
accuracy. The secondary flowers, like the primary
one, had no ovaries. The flower, therefore, presents
an illustration of suppression of the ovary, displace-
ment of parts, axillary floral prolification, and
irregular formation of perianth-segments. The
illustration and plan will convey a better idea of the
appearance of the flower and tlie relative arrange-
ment of the parts than any description could do.
M. T. M.

The above paragraph had been in type for some
weeks before we received the following note from
Prof. Reichenbach, which we now do ourselves the
honour of appending : —

Cattleta inteemedia prolifera, «. monstr.
Director Lucien Linden has twice sent me a won-
derful prolification of this well-known species, a
prolification whicli appears to be constant, so that it
deserves a place of honour in one of the richest
collections of Cattleyas as a wonder, such as
amateurs so much like to show with the remark.

CHISWICK NOTES.

CnAslnE coRDiFOLiA. — Amongst hardy herbaceous
perennials and one not often written about, this
holds no mean place. What a showy subject
for wild gardens, in a prominent situation where
its just claims to this style of work could be
fully realised. At the Royal Horticultural Society's
Gardens, Chiswick, there is just now an imposing
specimen in flower; its bold heart-shaped leaves,
surmounted by its rambling many-branched panicles
of small white flowers, emitting a pleasant honey-
like perfume, make it an effective plant in certain
fitting positions.

SPIK.EA AEUNCCS.

A splendid hardy herbaceous plant is this. In a
border (a very suitable position for it), at tlie Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens, Cliiswick, a vigorous
specimen is very attractive with its immense tripin-
nately divided leaves, and its bold and graceful
spikes of white or creamy-white flowers.

Irises.

The Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens at
Chiswick have this season a remarkably fine collec-
tion of Irises, occupying a great space. One feature
to be observed is, that the colours are grouped
together, so far as is possible, and in tliis manner not
only is an efl'ective display made, but good oppor-
tunities for comparison are also given. Irises are
especially noticeable on account of the great variety
of colours they possess — white, brown, blue, bronze,
yellow, and purple, &c., being met with in many
shades and combinations. We heregive an enmera-
tion of the best varieties growing at Chiswick.

In the Pallida section there are ; — Celeste,
with standards of a celestial-blue colour and
light blue falls ; J.ames Hunter, standards lilac-
purple, falls purple-lilac ; lilacina, standards and falls
lavender, tinged with lilac — a very delicate flower ;
Jlandralisca, standards and falls purple-lavender;
Walner, standards deep lavender-blue, falls purple,
mottled white. Of the amccna section we may name
Victorine, with standards of white mottled witli blue,
and falls of rich violet-blue, the upper part being
mottled white ; Morpheus, standards white, tinged
lavender, falls violet, mottled white; Comte de St.
Clair has some white standards, and crimson-purple
falls reticulated with white. There are some spe-
cially fine varieties of the Neglecta section, of which
Kitty Kingsbury, having lavender standards and falls
of rich purple-crimson, is a conspicuous one; Marian,
standards deep lilac, falls rich crimson-purple, con-
spicuously reticulated with white, is a distinct and

July 2, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

13

pleasing novelty ; Fairy Queen has lavender standards
flaked with purple-blue and falls of purple-blue
reticulated white< The varieties Nationale, standards
purple-blue, falls rich velvety-crimson ; and Virginie,
standards lavender, falls rich velvety crimson, lined
with white, are also good.

The squalens section shows some peculiar colours, as
in La Presticuse, having standards of a glitteringbronze
hue and rich velvety-crimson falls, reticulated with
white; in Greyhound, with standards of light fawn,
shaded with bronze-lilac, and red-purple falls ; and
A. F. Barron, standards glittering brown-bronze, falls
velvety maroon-crimson, reticulated white and yellow.
Other good varieties in this section are Exquisite,
standards sulphur, falls light purple ; Jean Sisley,
standards red-bronze, falls rich crimson ; and Hugli
Block, standards primrose-bronze, falls reticulated
with pm-ple, white and brown.

Trees and Shrubs-

ACEll WOELYI.
This is a handsome form of the common Syca-
more, with reddish leafstalks and clear yellow
leaves. It is very effective, and worth the notice of
those on the look-out for ornamental trees. AVe saw
it lately in the nurseries of Jlr. A. Waterer.

Raphiolepis ovata.
A fine, hold, evergreen slirub, with thick leathery
leaves of roundish oblong outline, rounded at the far
end, tapering to a stout stalk, deep green at base,
paler beneath. The flowers are borne in clusters at
the end of the shoots, as in a Rhododendron, and
resemble those of a Pear. Miss Owen sends speci-
mens from Gorey, Ireland, where it is (jnite hardy.

in Ireland and Southern England,
was sent bv Jliss Owen.

Our specimen

HelICURYSOM nOSMABINIFOLICM

is anotlier flowering shrub of great beauty, nearly
allied to the last-named, but with narrow linear
leaves. It is a native of Tasmania, Victoria, and
New South Wales, but makes itself at home at
Cork, whither it was sent to us by Mr. Hartland,
who says the bushes are as if covered with snow. If
sprays be cut now, placed in close boxes or bags,
and kept in a dry place, they will keep like " Ever-
lastings," and so far justify their association with the
genus Helichrysum.

Weeping Beech.

Those who have seen the specimen, or specimens,

of this tree at the Knap Hill Nurseries will admit

Fig. 3. — cattleya intekmedia, with prolified flowers, (she p. 12.)

In the variegated section, which is a showy one.
there are worthy of mention — Honourable, standards
deep yellow, falls brown reticulated yellow ; Minor
standards rich yellow, falls crimson, edged yellow —
very distinct ; Beaconsfield, standards primrose, falls
rich velvety-crimson, edged primrose ; and Regina,
standards rich primrose, falls white, conspicuously
veined purple, and edged with yellow.

Many more varieties might be enumerated, but the
foregoing selection must suffice, as from it variety might
be obtained suitable for cutting purposes, as well as for
planting beside walks, drives, bordering shrubberies,
&c., where masses of bold plants are serviceable. B.

Fruit Prospects. — The prolonged hot, dry

weather, coming as it did suddenly after a long, cold
spring, has proved disastrous to the fruit crops in Kent.
Cherries, Plums, and Apples are dropping their young
fruits, and Pears, especially the long-stalked varie-
ties, have suffered greatly. The Lackey moth and
the Nut-weevil grub have done great mischief. Alto-
gether the prospects for the grower are not bright.

Hakea microcaepa.

A curiosity, with leaves of two forms : the lower
ones are thick, leathery, narrow, linear-lanceolate,
channelled ; these pass on the 'side shoots into very
long, cylindrical, needle-like leaves, giving the plant
the aspect of the Spanish Broom. The whitish,
stalked flowers have four linear spoon-shaped petals,
each enclosing an anther and a central pistil.
Hardy at KnockmuUen.

SwAMMERDAMIA ANTENNARIA, Hoft.

We prefer for garden purposes to keep this name,
for gardeners are not likely to recognise its close
affinity to Helichrysum, with which, however, it is in-
corporated by most botanists. In any case it is a
handsome shrub, with small linear-obovate leaves,
white on the under surface ; there are very numerous
dense panicles of small white flower-heads. It is
very eflective as a shrubbery plant, or for decorative
purposes. It is a native of Tasmania, but is hardy

that this is one of the most marvellous of trees ; but
of course we are never satisfied, and so we must have
weeping Purple Beeches, and of these again Mr.
Waterer has a number whose branches are so much
bent downwards that they resemble the arms of a
soldier at " attention." A comparison with the so-
called Coventry Beech will show that while in the
latter the branches are horizontal, like a railway
signal at " stop," in the Knap Hill trees the branches
are parallel with the stem, in a manner that can only
be called "all right." Whatever be the motive for
this deflection in the first instance, it is obvious that
it would be a valuable protection against an undue
weight of snow.

A Fantastic Plant.— How strangely difi'erent
are the idioms of the two languages. A French
horticultural journal speaks of the Victoria regia
as a plante " fantastique" .' A literal translation
would surely be very inappropriate.

14

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[Jdlt 2, 1887.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

CATTLEYAS AND ODONTOGLOSSUMS AT
TRING PARK.
Whatever plants are taken in hand by Mr.
Hill in Lord Rothschild's garden are well grown,
and the showy sections of Orchids especially so.
At present there is a grand display of Cattleya
Mendelii and C. llossiic and its varieties in the
Cattleya-house, a very handsome and massive form
of the white-petalled C. M. Reineckiana and other
good things being among them. The huge plants of
C. gigas and its varieties are preparing to make their
annual show, and are striking examples that these
plants, when when cultivated, do not degenerate, but
increase in size and beauty every year. The Odon-
toglossum-house has many massive spikes of the
broad-petalled forms of O. crispum, wliose beauty is
heightened by having many briffht orauge-searlet
Epidendrum vitellinum majus among them. The
Vanda teres-house also has plenty of bloom, and a
pure white form of it is showing flower. There are also
some dozen and a half spikes of the beautiful Vanda
Hookeriana, which nowhere flowers so freely as at
Tring Park. The Phalainopsis-house, too, with its
massive specimens, forming one of the very best
examples of Phahonopsis culture in the country, still
keeps up to its mark. Among its occupants we
noticed a charming pink form of P. Sanderiana,
which seemed all the more showy on account of its
having bright crimson lines on the side lobes of the
labellum. H.

Cattleya Mendelii, Handley's variety.
Through Mr. Jas. Cypher, Queen's Road Nursery,
Cheltenham, we have received a twin-flowered spike of
this surpassingly beautiful Cattleya. The well-formed
flowers are nearly 9 inches across, sepals and petals
of a delicate blush colour, the labellum broad, well-
rounded, and frilled, violet tinted mauve in the front
portion, yellow, veined with white in the middle, and
rose, veined with white at the base. To the eye the
flowers present ditt'erences from other high-class
Mendeliis, and beauties not easy to describe.

Orchis pyeamidalis
is now beautifully in flower in several places around
Colwyn Bay, in Carnarvonshire. Few of our native
plants are more showy and interesting than this
pretty Orchid, and as to its lasting qualities in a cut
state, why, they are excellent, a dozen flowers placed
in a vase having lasted with us for considerably over
a fortnight. They are sweetly scented, and of a rich
rosy hue. A. S. W. [Some people find the scent
objectionable. Ed.]

Mr. Measures' Orchids.
Cattleya. MossicB Arnoldiana. — The finest known
form of this lovely variety is now in flower in tlie
Woodlands collection. It is similar, to but decidedly
superior, to C. M. Reineckiana, the colouring of the
labellum being much richer and the sepals and petals
more beautifully white. Thus the combination of
bright colours in the lip with the snow-white jiarts
of which the flowers are composed, render this the
most pleasing and beautiful form of the Mossia; sec-
tion. The present is a good time to seek permis-
sion to visit this superb collection, the plants being
all ablaze with blossoms, while the kinds grown are
the best procurable. The great show of flowers is
due to the clean and vigorous condition of the plants,
the Cattleyas, especially C. Warnerii, truly revelling
In the treatment received. The rare white C.
Bluntii is now in perfection. This handsome plant
was flrst flowered by John Day, Esq., of Tottenham,
and was named in honour of its discover, Mr. H.
Blunt. It has always been a very scarce and most
desirable plant, which is not to be wondered at, con-
sidering its great beauty. The varieties of C. Mendelii
grown at The Woodlands are probably unequalled,
two of the flnest being C. M. Measuresiana and C.
M. fimbriata ; these two magnificent kinds are alone
worth a long journey to see. The many species

and varieties of Odontoglossum now in bloom
are a study in themselves, the pendulous sweetly-
scented 0. citrosmum and the regal 0. crispum
being represented by hundreds of blossoms of each
kind, some of the varieties being almo.>it priceless,
from their extratordinary size, novelty, rarity, or,
great beauty. The best of the Miltonia vexillaria
were M. v. pulcherrima and M. v. cruenta. the
former the handsomest light-coloured variety I re-
member to have ever seen ; the latter a beautiful
rose-coloured flower, with a blood-red spot in the
centre of the labellum.

The cool-houses are now gay with quantities of
Masdevallias in full perfection ; the collection
includes all the best kinds, and and also the new M.
Veitchii sulphurea, a most charming novelty. Here
we find the best and largest cultivated specimens of
Cymbidium Lowianum in the country ; one specimen
is now carrying nearly 300 flowers. Aerides HouUeti-
anum majus deserves special mention, being the
largest and best variety known of one of the most
beautiful species ever introduced. It is quite
impossible to do justice to this collection iu a short
note. It is, however, a great satisfaction to be able
to say that its progress is by leaps and bounds, and
that it bids fair to rival, if not excel, the very best
of our present amateurs. There are many interesting
and beautiful genera uow in blossom of which I have
made no mention, such as Cojlogyne, Phaius, Sacco-
labium, Lailia, Cypripedium, &c. Leo Gordon.

The Apiary.

PLENTY OF PASTUUAGE.

As I write the sun is shining down with tropical
heat upon the old Wiltshire downs and plain. All
Nature is responding to its life-giving rays, and the
change in the face of Nature about liere during the
last fortnight is sonit'thing astonishing. If one had
slept during the la.-^t few days, like our friend the
Frenchman, and taken a peep at thn country just
before and after liis nap, the difierence would have
been more manifest. About 300 yards from here
there is a very large field of Trifolium in full bloom ;
and, as if to be kind to my bees, the owner of the said
Trifolium has fixed a few hurdles at one corner, and
allowed his sheep to feed therein. The hurdles are
moved a little each day, and so the Trifolium will
last the sheep and the bees at least a fortnight. By-
the-bye, do I owe the farmer anything for this?
They of America would say Yes. A little while
ago a clergyman told me that the fact of keeping
bees made the owner a confirmed thief. This made
me feel unhappy, and led to contemplation. Then
methought a large (very large) number of the clergy
keep bees themselves, and I received comfort.

But the Jubilee pasturage — well, there is plenty
of it, of all kinds. In the cool of the evening, yes-
terday, I had a spin of about twenty miles on a
tricycle, mostly through Savernake Forest, so had
ample opportunities of seeing what there was for the
bees. Large quantities of Kape in some places, and
something for our pets iu all. In the forest itself
many trees were full of bees, and it sounded as
though a swarm were up there. One advantage of
the season being late this year is that there was
little or no gap between the fruit blossoms and the
flowering of Trifolium and Kape. AVhite Clover is
also appearing, and when that is over there will be
the glorious Lime trees. If the weather continues
favourable there will be continuous pasturage now
till the end of July. So the bees are working with
a will, and mean business, and if you get near the
hives in the heat of the day now their stings will
probably be felt. AlineJ are iu no amiable mood,
and will not, if they can help it, brook much inter-
ference ; but as I always considered discretion the
better part of valour, like Shakspeare's immortal
Falstaft", I go to them veiled and gloved, and
therefore invulnerable. While on this subject, I
would say, do not open the liives more often than
necessary for supering, and do not disturb the brood

nest. Moreover, if you are practising the reversinjj
system it is not necessary to reverse the hive every
ten minutes. The rest I will set in order another
time. Walter C'hitfi/, PcwM-y, June 21.

The Flower Garden.

The flower beds should receive a good soaking of
water during this parching weather — not surface
dribbles, but sufficient to reach the roots. When the
soil is sufliciently dry the hoe should be run tlirough
the beds to loosen the surface, otherwise it will get
baked with the sun, and the plants will not thrive.
Subtropicals must receive special attention, in order
to induce a good growth ; frequent waterings will be
necessary, and a mulch of manure or other material
will greatly assist them. Stakes should be provided
for such tall growers as Cannabis. Ilicinus, Wigandias,
&c., or else the wind will injure them. Edgings of
Cerastium should be frequently flattened down and
trimmed. Constant pinching will be requisite to
keep tlie lines well defined in carpet beds. Peg out
the shoots of Petunias, Verbenas, and other squatty
growers, to fill up all vacant places. The shoots of
creepers should be regulated and secured against
breakage by the wind. Lay in sufficient young
shoots to furnish all vacancies, and remove all others.
No more siiould be retained than is requisite, and
free play of air and light should be afforded to secure
well-ripened wood, on which depends the next
season's display of bloom. Hedges may now be
trimmed, also any plants in tubs or planted out
which are of a formal character; those should not
be too severely cut, else they are rendered severely
stiff; such large-leaved subjects as Bays and Laurels
are better trimmed with the knife, as the shears dis-
figure the foliage. Mignonette may still be sown for
late flowering, and many of tlie other hardy sorts of
annuals. Stakes should be placed to the taller
growing sorts, to prevent them from falling over.
A sowing of East Lothian Intermediate Stocks should
be made for early spring flowering. Any rare or
scarce plants should be propagated from cuttings or
layers.

Kiiododendrons, Azaleas, and other plants which
were forced and planted out in the beds must have
water supplied ; the dry soil around the balls
speedily absorbs the moisture contained in the balls
of the plants. The present is a good time to increase
the stock of any favourite Khododendrons, This may
be done in the ordinary manner of layering; they
will, however, emit roots freely if the branches be
brought in contact with the ground, and a mound of
peat soil be placed over the shoots. Rhododendrons
which are overstepping their bounds may be cut-in ;
they will very speedily break into growth, although
they will not bloom from the growths made this
season.

Continue to tie up shoots of Dahlias and Holly-
hocks as they require ; see they do not suffer for
want of water, or the lower leaves will drop off.
Where those are intended for exhibition they should
be heavily mulched with some well-rotted manure, a
couple of inches of soil laid over the top will keep
all sweet.

Herbaceous plants will be much benefited by
copious waterings. Such plants as Phloxes, Helian-
thus, and Asters speedily extract all the moisture
within their reach, and if allowed to become yellow
at the base the prospect of flowering is not a bright
one.

Roses will be much benefited by liberal doses of
manure-w^ater and frequent syringings overhead ;
should mildew appear, syringe the plants with a little
Gishurst in the water last thing at night, and syringe
with clear water in the morning. Remove all shoots
from the stems of standard Roses by rubbing as soon
as they are visible, and root up all suckers as they
appear. It is better to follow such up as far as
possible, and twist them off; if cut over, they will
appear the next time with two or three shoots.
Prick oft* the Roses from the trees as they fully
expand, to prevent the petals blowing all over the
place. Shorten back all strong shoots to ten or
twelve eyes. Those will throw out two or three
moderate shoots and bloom later on. Tie up the
necessary quantity of young shoots on ])illar Rosea
and walls, and remove the rest. }V. M. HuUiie,
Luton IIou.

July 2, 18Si.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

15

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

as soon ae they require them. Make successional
sowiugs and plantings Avhere desirable. H. W. Ward,
Longford Castle.

Summer Pruning Feuit Tbees. — This may now
be taken in hand, commencing on those trees oc-
cupying the south and west walls, and afterwards
proceeding to attend to those on north and east walls.
The pruning should be done at three different times,
the lower part, as high as a man can reach, being
operated upon first ; a few days after another portion
of the trees, higher still, should be gone over; and
the third time the top branches. This is by far a more
judicious way than taking the whole of the growth
from the trees at one time, which gives too sudden a
check. In the case of most fruit trees, they should
not be pruned-in closer than from four to five joints
from the base of each shoot, so as to allow of their
being cut closer in at the winter pruning ; and by
leaving them this length, should any of them
break into fresh growth again, which is generally at
the extreme point, it can be removed at the winter
pruning. By attending to this operation the trees
are afibrded opportunity for the tliorough ripen-
ing of their fruiting shoots ; the same rule also
applies to pyramid Pears, Plums, &c. Any trees
that are grown on the cordon system sliould receive
attention, their shoots, while they are pliable, being
pinched in, and tied down. The breastwood of
Apricots and Plums may now be spurred back,
taking care not to cut-in too closely. Currants,
where grown on walls for late supply, may be pruned
to about three joints. Currant bushes are greatly
benefited by having their young shoots thinned out,
leaving only sufficient for the formation and exten-
sion of the trees. Newly grafted trees may now
have the ties binding the grafts taken off, and in the
case of strong-growing varieties be retied, to prevent
them from being blown off. Morello Cherries should
be looked over again, and all unnecessary wood cut
away. Piuching-in need not be done, as the trees
form spurs naturally. E. Ward, Hcwcll, BroM$grove,

Fruits Under Glass.

Melons. — As with every other branch of industry
fio with gardening ; details, if success is to be attained,
must be carried out in accordance with the special
circumstances surrounding each individual case, and
for this reason repetition in Calendar writing is
necessarily unavoidable and dry, and must, under the
force of circumstances, continue to be so, therefore,
under these circumstances we shall have to reiterate
former remarks in the present paper. The weather
which we have had during the last fortnight and are
still having, has been most favourable, not only to
Melon culture, but for fruit culture under glass
generally. Having been favoured with a clear sky
and powerful sunshine everyday during that period, all
that was necessary in addition to keeping the plants
sufficiently moist at the roots and syringed thoroughly
overhead (where they were not in flower or the
fruits approaching maturity) first thing in the morn-
ing and again at shutting-up time, and water being
distributed over the pathways, &c., occasionally be-
tween times, was to ventilate slightly the houses,
pits, and frames, soon after 7 a.m. after-
wards opening the ventilators to their fullest
capacity by 10 a.m., and leaving them so, until
nearly 4 p.m., when they should be closed a little,
preparatory to closing them shortly afterwards.
In the case of houses in which the plants are
either in flower or ripening their fruits, in opposi-
tion to this kind of treatment, a rather dry and
airy atmosphere should be maintained. Plants
grown under such favourable conditions as those
indicated, cannot make otherwise than satisfac-
tory growth. The necessary thinning, tying,
stopping, and arranging of the shoots should be
regularly attended to ; and with these details no
pressure of work — which is felt more or less in the
majority of places just now — should be allowed to
interfere. Plants in flower should, as already
stated, be given a somewhat dry and airy atmo-
sphere, the blossoms being fertilised at mid-day, until
they have set their fruit. Plants swelling their
fruits should be assisted by liberal supplies of liquid
manure, in an under rather than an over strong
state, being given at the roots when considered
necessary. See that successional plantings are
landed up as soon as the roots push through the
sides of the mounds, and that the supports are put
to the fruits (as recommended in a previous Calendar)

Plants and Their Culture.

PELAnooNiuMs. — WIku show and fancy varieties
cease to bloom they should be placed out-of-doors in
a sunny situation upon a bed of ashes, and for about
the space of three weeks kept tolerably dry at the
root, so that their growths may be gradually con-
solidated, and the shoots be cut down to within three
joints of the base. After this is done a cool frame or
house is the best place for the plants, and they should
be syringed every afternoon and kept dry at tlie roots
until growth begins again, when they must be
turned out of their pots, have a great portion of the
soil removed from their roots, these slightly trimmed
in, and be replaced into clean well-drained pots. The
compost should consist of fibrous loam freely mixed
with sand and a little decayed manure, and the
potting must be made quite firm. For a few weeks,
until the roots push, the structure should be kept rather
close, the plants being syringed daily, and but sparingly
watered. To raise a young stock of plants clean
■well-ripened shoots should be selected when the
plants are cut back, which, after being trimmed,
should be inserted in pots firmly filled with fine
loam and leaf-soil liberally mixed with sand, and
having its surface covered with fine sand to exclude
air; very little water will be needed until the cuttings
are rooted, and a cool frame where they can have
partial shade and enough air to prevent damping off"
should be afforded them.

i>prin>/-struci- Zonals. — Such of these as are in-
tended for winter flowering will now need a final
shift into 7-inch pots, the blossom spikes should be
removed as they appear, and the strong growths
stopped to cause a branching habit. A situation in
a light, airy pit, where they are near the glass, and
afforded plenty of space, will suit their requirements ;
and, in order to keep them robust, liquid manure
may be regularly administered after the pots are
well filled with roots.

CiNEBARIAS.

Plants of these raised now, will grow to a useful
size, and form a serviceable succession to the earlier
raised plants. These older plants must on no
account have their potting deferred, for if the plants
get stunted by being pot-bound tiiey are seldom
creditable afterwards. Keep them in a moist, cool
pit, shaded from sunshine, freely ventilated in the
daytime to promote sturdy growth. Syringe over-
head every fine evening, fumigating lightly and fre-
quently to keep doAvn aphis. A sowing of Primulas
for spring flowering may have attention now, and the
plants from early sowings, if in fit condition, should
receive their final shift into 6-inch pots, the soil used
being good loam, with a fair amount of leaf-soil and
sand added. The after-treatment should be similar to
that advised for Cinerarias ; care should, however, be
taken to prevent the soil becoming pasty by water-
ing or syringing, and the shading should not be
heavy, or a sickly growth will be made. A sowing
of Jliles' Mignonette for winter flowering may be
made also. The mode we adopt is to prepare as
many 60-sized pots as is the number of plants re-
quired, and reduce the seedlings to one plant in a
pot ; these are repotted frequently, soon after the
roots are found to reach the sides of the pots, the
final shift being into 10-inch pots, and the compost
— fibry loam, mixed with crushed mortar, decomposed
manure, and gritty sand — is thoroughly consolidated
by ramming. Thomas Coombcr, Hcndre Gardens.

The Kitchen Garden.

CucuMnEits, either in frames or pits bearing
fruit, will require an abundance of water at the roots,
aided by liquid or artificial manure. Top-dressings
of rich compost should be added from time to time,
together with an abundance of atmospheric moisture,
especially at closing time; later in the evening,
during hot weather, a little nir should be admitted
and maintained throughout the night. Keep the
growths stopped, tied and regulated, so as to prevent
overcrowding, removing all discoloured and old
leaves, and be careful not to overcrop in the earlier

General Work. — Hoeing between growing crops is
a very necessary operation, especially after heavy
rainfalls, when, as a consequence, the surface has
become caked and hard ; frequent stirrings with
the Dutch-hoe are therefore essential for keeping the
plants in a healthy condition, and for destroying
weeds. Give attention to growing crops, watering,
clearing the ground from early crops, and preparing
it for successional ones. After early Potatos, Tur-
nips. Coleworts, Cabbage. &c., make good succession
crops. Coleworts can be pricked thickly from 3 to 4
inches apart, in rows a foot as under, and afterwards
thinned to proper distances for successional purposes.
Herbs. — Seedlings of those which were sown out-
side can, if required, be thinned and transplanted
to other beds. For drying and storing, gather the
individual kinds as they come into bloom, in dry
weather, and spread out thinly on boards in a dry
airy structure. Such herbs as are required for use in
a greeu state, as Mint, Sorrel, Chives, &c., should be
provided for, by having a portion of tlie plants cut
over close to the ground, and allowed to start iuto
fresh growth.

Seakale. — Those plants intended for lifting and
forcing should be finally looked over, and where
there are several growths to a plant, all but one or
two of them removed. Where the ground was well
manured previous to planting, very little, if any, top-
dressing will be needed ; but in the case of poor
soils, and where the plants are not making satis-
factory growth, a top-dressing of nitrate of soda may
be given, sown broadcast at the rate of from 4 to
3 cwt. per acre. Fish manure is also good for this
crop, and can be used in the same proportion per
acre.

Asparagus. — Cutting for the season will generally
have ceased ; the beds, therefore, should be tho-
roughly cleared of weeds before the foliage becomes
too dense. This may be accomplished either by
light top-dressings of salt, or by hoeing and weed-
ing; afterwards a top-dressing of artificial manure
may be given, which can be hoed or forked in, and
afterwards, in the absence of rain, watered. When
means and convenience will allow, waterings of
liquid manure, or sewage, during hot weather would
be very beneficial, but as applications of this
kind are possible only in certain cases, and under
certain conditions, top-dressing of some kind, as
described above, is the most practicable, and most
generally adopted. Where the after-growth is very
luxuriant some support should be given, to prevent
the stems being broken by wind and rain, and some
of the largest growths may be shortened somewhat.

Globe Artichokes. — Those that are forming heads
will be benefited by waterings with liquid manure,
afterwards mulching with rotten dung, and a portion
of the numerous suckers should be removed from the
old stools, leaving from four to five to each. In
some instances it will be found necessary to thin
out, not only a portion of the fiower-spikes, but also
some of the too thickly placed flower-buds, in order
to obtain large, fleshy, well-developed flower-heads.

To/iiato.s. — The main shoots of these should for
some time be encouraged to extend over the space
allotted them, removing surplus lateral shoots that
are too thickly placed, and retaining a sufficient
number for fruit bearing ; these, as they show flower,
should be stopped to one joint above. Later on,
when the fruit has set, a portion of the foliage should
also be removed, or curtailed, in order to expose the
fruits to light and sun. During dry weather copious
waterings must be given ; and at a later stage, to
assist the plants in swelling their fniits, manure
should be given, either in the shape of a liquid or by
top-dressings. To keep the foliage free from red-
spider and aphis, the plants must be syringed over-
head with clear tepid water, or diluted tobacco-juice.
This should be done on warm evenings, or after-
noons two or three times weekly, or as occasion may
require.

Watering. — Choose the latter part of the day for
this work, which, when once commenced, must be
effectually and regularly performed. Mulchings
during hot dry weather should be afforded all grow-
ing crops. John Austen, Witley Court Gardens,

Chrysty's Beetle Poison.— Messrs. Thos.

Christy & Co., 25, Lime Street. E.C., lately sent
us a sample box of a new powder introduced by them
for the destruction of crickets and cockroaches,
requesting us to try it. This we have done, and with
great success. Messrs. Christy report that it has
been tried with equal success in Cucumber-frames,
and that, so far as they know, it is innocuous to cats
or hedgehogs, We should like to see it tried on ants.

\

16

TIJE GABDENEB8' CHBONICLE.

[JuM 2, 1887.

SUBSCRIBERS TO

rSE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
who experience any diffimdty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint),

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETINGS.

C Royal BotQuic Society : General

/Royal BotQu:
JT-Iv bJ Meeting.
■"•" "S RoyalHorticu

(. berry J't'te s

SHOWS.

July 4 — Ketteriug Horticultural (two days).
National Eose Society at South
Kensington.
July 5^ Victoria Park, Portsea, Flower
Show in Aiil of Local Hospitals
(three days).
/ Ealing. Acton, and Hanwell.
\ Wimbledon and District.
WEDNESDAY, JULY 0.' Brighton and Sussex (three days),
j Lee and Blackheath (two days).
{ Sutton Ease Society.

f Farningham Rose and Horticultural
Winchester, Ipswich, and Romford

I Horticultural.
Hitchiu Rose, Bath Floral /V(e..

I Reigate and Malvern Rose.
Roval Botanic Society : Evening

I A'<«.

SATURDAY, JULY 9— Crystal Palace Rose.

SALES

- 1 Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
■^ ^ Morris' Rooms.

{Clearance of Plants at the Nur-
sery. 114, Loughborough Road,
Brighton, by Pruther

of Colombian,
other Orchids
Stevens' Rooms.

MONDAY,
TUESDAY,

THURSD.IY, July

TUESDAY,
•WEDNESDAY.
THURSDAY,
FRIDAY,

July
July
July
July

: Morris,

( Importatic

As will be seen from our report
The Royal jjj ^ previous page, the meeting of
"society ™ ^^'^ lloyal Horticultural Society on
Tuesday last left things pretty
much as they were at the annual meeting, so
far as any practical result is concerned. The
one important conclusion arrived at was an
unanimous vote that the Council be instructed
to take steps to find some central site for the
Society's ofhces and the Lindley Library. This
means that the Society, as represented by the
Fellows present, are of opinion that steps should
be taken to dissolve the connection with South
Kensington. Bearing in mind the disastrous
results of that connection in the past, the not
very warm reply of Her Majesty to the letter
addressed to her by the Council, the very uncer-
tain state of the negotiations with the Council
of the Albert Hall, the miserable offers of the
18.51 Commissioners, who throughout their whole
connection with the Society have acted towards it
pretty much in the same spirit as some bad Irish
landlords are reputed to do, and the certainty that
within a few months — perhaps weeks — the present
offices and library will be demolished, it is difficult
to see what other results could have been arrived
at. Not one word was said about the Imperial
Institute, wherein probably rooms might be ulti-
mately obtained, and in which, at any rate, the
Society should in some way be represented — but
much and rightly so as to the necessity
of maintaining and developing Chiswick at
all hazards. It was even proposed to retire
there altogether. This, however, could only be a
temporary resource, for in spite of the accessi-
bility of the gardens now, we can but think
that Chiswick would prove an inconvenient

regular place of meeting for the committees,
while the library would be even more inaccessible
than it now is. Jloreover, it is not absolutely
clear from the trust deed that the library could
be legally removed to Chiswick, unless the phrase
" Royal Horticultural Gardens," by which was
meant, at the time, the South Kensington Gar-
dens only, could be extended so as to cover the
Chiswick garden as well. Be this as it may, the
general feeling was that a central site for offices,
meeting rooms, and library should be sought,
and that the Society should continue its
useful work at Chiswick. No doubt some such
an arrangement is highly desirable, and what we
all want, but the question is — How can it be
effected P This question, in spite of its supreme
importance, was not so much as hinted at.
A number of sites more or less convenient
for the purpose were named, but the enormous
cost involved implies difficulties which all recog-
nise, but which no one as yet has, puljlicly at
least, shown a way of overcoming. Meanwhile,
Fellows are falling off rapidly, and the financial
outlook is such that it is estimated that at the
close of the year there will be a deficit of .£1000.
Large as this amount is, it is not very alarming,
if a well planned scheme be devised without loss
of time — a scheme which, if fairly practicable,
will doubtless arrest the efflux of Fellows, and
secure an influx of new ones. As a place of
fashionable resort, the Conmiissioners' gardens
at Kensington have dismally failed, the practical
and scientific work of the Society at Chiswick and
at the committees has not failed — quite the con-
trary. Any deficiencies in these matters have
arisen from the disastrous entanglements with the
Commissioners at Kensington, from the great cost
requisite to maintain a place of entertainment, the
holding of big flower shows, and consequently the
heavy prize expenditure in the past.

Those in favour of the removal of the
Society to some central site in or near the City
are of opinion that the City people would
supply an element of support which the A\'est-
end "denizens have failed to do. Perhaps
they might ; meanwhile the condition of the
Society shows that it has to a large extent lost
touch with country horticulturists — that it is
looked on as metropolitan rather than na-
tional. A striking illustration of this may be
cited. On the very same day a meeting was held
of nurserymen to discuss the rating question, at
which several provincial representatives were
present — few, if any of whom, were at the prior
meeting at Kensington, in which one would
think they ought to have been almost equally
interested. The central offices and the majority
of the meetings must, however, be in London,
but the success of the Koyal Agricultural
Society shows that the efforts of such a body
to be of use to the nation at large must
not be confined to the metropolitan area. The
past history of the Society, too, shows that
the band and flower show business has been
a disastrous failure. We cannot say we regret
this, for this is not the proper business of a
Royal Horticultural Society, but should be left
to Buffalo Bill or some other caterer for public
amusement. The most practical thing to do for
the moment, presuming the present offices are
to be destroyed, is to retire to Chiswick en
ttttetidant. A good deal more might, by the
way, be done in stimulating local support in
that rapidly increasing neighbourhood. But
Chiswicli has no place to house the library even
temporarily, and its permanent deposit there
would be fatal to its utility.

P.ating of Nu

TiiEHis are two subjects in parti-
cular which are sore troubles to the
editors of the gardening papers,
who, however, can do little to give substantial
relief ; the one is the constant complaint as to
the small amount paid in Covent Ciarden and

other markets to the grower, the vast difference
between wholesale and retail prices, and the un-
trustworthiness of market reports ; the other is
as to the question of the rating of nurseries,
market gardens, greenhouses, and other buildings
for trade purposes. The former matter we do not
intend to touch on on this occasion ; the latter
affair seems attaining a condition when a satis-
factory settlement may be hoped for.

A meeting of great importance to the nursery
trade was held at the Horticultural Club on
Tuesday evening last, under the auspices of the
Nursery and Seed Trade Protection Association.
The chair was occupied by Mr. Ixobam, of
Huntingdon, who detailed the grievances under
which the trade lies from the diversity of prac-
tice in the matter of assessment. This diversity
gives rise in not a few cases to great injustice,
but worse than that is, perhaps, the absence of
any fixed or guiding principle. There is not only
a difference according as the property is within or
without the metropolitan area, and as to whether
it applies to particular rates only or to all rates,
but one assessor adopts one plan, one another, of
arriving at a claim, few of them having any real
knowledge of the nature of a nurseryman's busi-
ness, and the requirements of his trade. The
meeting was fairly well attended, especially by
nurserymen from the provinces.

Numerous statements were made as to the
inconsistencies, anomalies, and inequalities — of
the present absence of system. A few instances
must suffice : — One gentleman in Middlesex
stated that he paid £20 a year rent, and was
assessed at £45. Another paid £15 as rent, and
was assessed at £70. A Yorkshire nurseryman
stated that he was assessed at 11 per cent above
his rental. A nurseryman in Kent occupying
a quarter of an acre at .£8 8s., was assessed
at £17. He appealed in vain, and was after-
wards put up to £20. Again he appealed, but in
vain. In Surrey a case was mentioned where
the rental was £195, the assessment being £235.

But the actual amounts were not so much
complained of as the varied mode of assessment,
and, as we have said, the absence of 'guiding
principles. It was pointed out by many of the
speakers that the equitable method would
be in all cases to consider glass-houses as
constituting (as they really do) trade fixtures,
representing so much industrial capital which the
tenant may remove at his will. Such erections,
even if built into the ground, are chattels dis-
tinct and separate from the freehold. The
injustice of assessing these erections at a rate
higher than is paid in the case of other traders
was insisted on.

Mr. Haynes, of Penge, detailed his experiences,
which, being within the metropolitan area, are
in so far different from those which obtain in
the rural districts. Mr. Haynes contended (and
his contention is borne out by the A^'orthing
case) that he was legally obliged to pay only on
one-fonrth of the estimated value — for all rates,
the poor rate not excepted. Mr. Haynes
had not only refused to pay the excess,
but was engaged in an attempt to make
the authorities refund three-fourths of the
amount which they had improperly taken
from him. It was even admitted by the
authorities that they had so mulcted the com-
plainant, and Mr. Hayes felt confident that he
should win his case and be recouped the surplus
payments he had made.

Mr. Beeb, of Worthing, gave the history of
the famous Worthing case (see Gardeners'
Chronicle, 1887, pp. 422, 676), and pointed out
the confusion that exists in many cases between
assessment and rating, laying it down that

JcLT 2, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

17

nothing can be assessed except realty, which is
inseparable from the freehold. "Whatever be-
longs to the freehold is chargeable to the poor,
but trade buildings are not part of the freehold,
and therefore not chargeable. Many speakers
alluded to the capriciousness of the present
methods, and suggested that a deputation should
wait on the President of the Local Government
Board, and that a test case should be fought out
in the law courts, the Society guaranteeing the
necessary expenses. Some differences of opinion
manifested themselves on points of detail, but none
on general principles, and IH th? end tlje fw'-

& Co.), Mr. J. WooJ-Iiigrara (Htmtingdon), Mr.
Haynes (Penge). Mr. Beer (Worthing), Mr. Pearson
(Chilwell), Mr. Williams (Salisbury), Mr. Horsman
(Bradford), Mr. Lowe (Uxbridge), Mr. Bennett
(Shepperton), Mr. Bunyard (Maidstone), with power
to add to their number.

•• 3. That a guarantee fund be raised for the purpose
of effectually carrying out the previous resolutions.
Tile form of tlie guarantee to be as follows : — ' We,
tlie undersigned. Iieveby guarantee to oontribute to
the eifpenses of the moveraent for reducing the
assessments on nurseries and market gardens, re-
solved upon at a meeting of nurserymen and market
gardeners, held at the llorticuUvftl Club, on Tue-s-

requirements of these plants as the older drier houses
used to be. One objection we often hear raised is
that the plants are the same all the year round, and
that they offer, in consequence, a monotonous aspect.
This, however, is only partially true ; no grower of
tliese plants who appreciates them will endorse the
remark, and even if it were so the growth of a suffi-
ciently varied collection would obviate the defect.
To the real plant-lover, for instance, tlie Succulent-
hoiise at Kew offers as gxeat attractions as any other
part of the establishment, and we have noticed that
numbers of the general public, with no special know-
ledge of plants, are often better able to appreciate and

Fig. 4. — gauden in Arizona, with succulents.

lowing resolutions were carried without a dissen-
tient voice : —

" 1. That this meeting of nurser}'men and market
gardeners, representing the London and provincial
trades, hereby protest against the excessive rating of
nurseries and market gardens, and the absence of
any basis on which the assessments are founded, and
are of opinion that the matter is one which calls for
combined action with a view to taking such steps as
may be necessary for placing the assessments on a
well-defined basis, and pledge themselves to do all
in their power to effect this purpose.

" 2. That the following gentlemen be appointed a
committee for the purpose of caiTying out the pre-
vious resolution, viz.: — Mr. Shannan (Messrs. Carter

day, June 28, 1887, to the extent of the amounts set
opposite to our respective names below (such sums
not to exceed £10).' "

Votes of thanks to the committee of the
Horticultural Club for the use of the room, and
to the Chairman for presiding, were passed
nem. con.

Cactuses in Arizona.— Cactuses have to a

large extent gone out of fashion in this country in
spite of their quaint forms and gorgeous flowers. In
truth our moist climate and dull skies are not
propitious to them, and our modern houses with all
their improvements are not so well suited for the

understand the significance of these plants, if we
may so express it, than they are in the case of Orchids.
In many gardens on the Riviera these succulent
plants thrive a merveille, indeed, the view we now
give of a collection of these plants in a garden in the
territory of Arizona (fig. 4) might pass for a bed
in the garden of the Villa Thuret at Antibes or in
the garden of Mr. Hanbuht at La Mortola.

The London Parks.— A Select Committee of
the House of Commons recently passed the preamble
of the London Parks Bill, which provides that Vic-
toria Park, Battersea Park, Kennington Park, Beth-
nal Green Park, Westminster Bridge, and the Thames

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jdlt 2, 1887.

(Chelsea) Embankment, which have hitherto been
maintained by the Commissioners of Works, shall
now be maintained out of tlie local rates. In the
petition of the Metropolitan Board of Works against
the Bill, it was mentioned that the transfer of the
parks would entail a burden on the rates of £10,000
a 3'ear.

Flowers in Season.— Jlr. Wahe has again

sent us a box of a few of the flowers to be seen in his
nursery at Tottenham, the gem of all being a single
white P;^ony — a splendid iiower, with clear white
petals of good substance ; there was a profusion of
bright yellow stamens in the centre, making a
brilliant effect, and a delicate scent is another
attraction possessed by P. albiflora. Doubtless as a
contrast, blooms of P. officinalis lobata were sent. Inula
glandulosa, golden-yellow, and Hemerocallis flava,
bright yellow, are pretty ; H. Dumortieri has smaller
flowers than flava, with a touch of brown in them ;
Heuchera sanguinea, very rich and novel in colour, is a
useful plant. There were also Papaver bracteatum and
its var. prajcox, which is not of such a dazzling and eye-
burning colour ; Delphinium nudicaule, although old.
is not very frequently seen. A large bunch of varieties
of Centaurea montana completed the assortment. —
We received a few days since from Mr. R. W.
Proctor, of Ashgate Road, Chesterfield, a number
of Pansies of refined colouring and good forms, some
of them being named, others seedlings without names.
There was little ditference between the two. We
think that when such beautiful flowers can be raised
from seed — which, by the way, should be sown now —
the general grower need not trouble himself with
named kinds. Seedlings produce the more vigorous
plants, and the flowering season is longer than that
of plants raised in other ways. Mr. Peoctok will
excuse us when we tell him that the German
Pansies alluded to by us a fortnight past do exceed
his in size of flower and substance of petal, some of
them being likewise five-spotted — that is, they have
one spot on each petal. — A box of beautiful Pajonies
(herbaceous) from Kelway & Son, Langport, So-
merset, tends only to confirm the good opinion we
had formed of their strain of these plants from the
specimens we had noted at the various flower shows.
The blooms sent are splendid specimens, delightfully
fragrant, and of a satiny te.xture of petal, which
renders description of their colours difficult, The
best appear to be the following, and they may be
divided into three sections, viz., the single or semi-
double ; the kinds with large flat guard-petals, with
dense boss of smaller petals in the centre ; and those
in which the guard and inner petals are more uni-
form, making up a dense globular head. Of the
single, Dercyllus has two rows of rose-coloured
petals flushed with purple, and rich yellow centre ;
Afterglow, purplish-crimson, with yellow middle ;
and Cyclops is rosy-crimson with yellow middle,
having in its centre a few purplish streaks. Of tlie
double kinds with large flat guard-petals Lady
Leonora Bramwell is pale rosy-lilac tipped with
cream-colour ; Pi'incess Beatrice has light rose
guard-petals, densely tufted white boss, and rose
centre ; Marcella has large white outer petals, prim-
rose inner petals, and purple centre ; and Felginus
is rose, the crisped inner petals being tipped with
creamy-white. Of the globular-headed section we
liked best Fabia, blush shaded rosy-lilac ; Dryades,
violet tinted rose ; Empress Queen, a grand double
pure white ; Cygnet, white, with rose and blush
variegated centre ; and Pearl, white, with blush
tinge on the outer petals.

Botanical Stations in the West Indies.

, — The last number of the Kew Bitlletin is devoted to
the question of the means to be adopted to counter-
act the depression that exists in the Sugar industry
of the West India Islands. The selling price of
Sugar is now below the cost of production, and the
colonies in question are in consequence turning their
attention to some other possible objects of profitable
cultivation — such as Cocoa, tropical fruits. Coffee,
spices, fibres, Tobacco, &c. In order the better to
carry out these objects it is proposed to create small

botanical establishments in each island for experi-
mental purposes, and as a means of diffusing a
knowledge of the resources available, and of the best
method of turning them to account. The object, in
fact, is to establish a botanical federation for purely
economic purpose^, so that each island m.ay act more
economically and effectively than if it were left
entirely to its own resources. A similar federation
might be adopted in the case of the West African
colonies. In each case Kew would deal with the
recognised colonial centre, much labour would be
s.aved, while work would be systematiscd and ren-
dered more directly elfective.

Boil Your Milk.— It is now decidedly proved
that scarlet fever is due to the multiplication within
the body of minute plants (micrococci) which are
introduced with milk from unhealthy cows. These
creatures are, however, killed by boiling the milk.
In one case a lodger died after drinking unboiled
infected milk, while the landlady, who drank the
same milk boiled, experienced no ill elfect. By
itself this case proves little, but in association with
Dr. Klein's careful experiments and observations
it goes to prove the truth of the proposition.

CheIRANTHUS MarSHALLIANUS.— We learn
that this form has this season been found in the
Edinburgh Botanical Garden growing on C. alpinus,
of which it is, therefore, to be considered as a sport.

The Vegetable Sheep.— A small plant of

this very interesting plant is growing under glass in
the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. This is no
relation to the Tartarian lamb we used to liear of
once upon a time.

Mr. J. Waterers Rhododendron Show.
— Lovers of Rhododendrons would do well to pay a
visit to Cadogan Gardens, Sloane Street, Chelsea.S.W.,
and see Mr. iTohn Waterer's show of these plants,
which is at this time at its best. This year, as in
former ones, Mr. W.\terer shows some new varieties
of great merit, and of them Princess Margaret is one
of the best, with brilliant crimson flowers. Duchess
of Connaught has fine large trusses, and large white
flowers with a lemon blotch, which lends brilliancy
to the flower. Another handsome variety is Duke
of Connaught, with a pale crimson flower, the margin
being a very deep shade of the same colour. Edward
W. Waterer should be obtained by growers ; it is
rosy-pink with a deep blotch, and bears heavy trusses.
A specially noticeable plant on account of the fine
shaped pyramidal truss — indeed it is the best shaped
of all the varieties — is Duchess of Bedford ; it is
whitish-pink with rose-pink margin. Countess of
Normanton, pure white, spotted brown, is excellent,
and shows up very well ; Baron Schroder, plum-red
with buff', if not so eff'ective in colour as some
sorts, is very distinct and deserves notice on that
account. One of very striking and pleasing appear-
ance is Michael Waterer, an intense cherry-red and
a very free-flowerer. These are some of the finest
sorts, and among all these Kate Waterer still stands
out in the front rank, but its hardihood is uncertain.
Other noticeable varieties are Chionoides, white with
slight yellow blotch, as good a white as there is :
Fastuosum fl.-pl., semi-double, lilac, loose in truss
and vigorous grower ; Lady Eleanor Cathcart, pale
flesh-cherry with a deeper blotch ; Marchioness of
Hcadford, white suffused witli pinkish-rose, and
chocolate blotch ; and Mrs. Tom Agnew, white with
jiure enierald-green, very effective.

Azaleas, Hardy.— Anything that prolongs the
season of Azaleas must be welcomed by all garden
lovers. We have already alluded to the great improve-
ments that have been made by Mr. Anthoky Waterer
in the development of the Rhododendron and Azaleas.
The introduction or re-introduction of Azalea occi-
dentalis, and its use in crossing, has resulted in the
production of varieties of firmer foliage, produced
with the flowers, of later blooming habit, with flowers
of clearer colour, greater substance, and equally
agreeable perfume. Mr, Wateber sends us from

Knap Hill a box of Azaleas which, considering the
unusually hot and dry season, are very remarkable.
For brilliancy of colour, size, substance, and per-
fume of flower, they are among the best we have
seen ; some of these are crosses between A. occiden-
talis, A. mollis, and the Ghent Azaleas, others are
varieties of the latter.

Royal Botanic Society.— It is announced

that, in consequence of a State Ball having been
ordered for Wednesday, July 6, the date proposed for
the evening. /ftf, II.S.H. the President has, with the
consent of the Council, fixed the date of the even-
ing/ac for Thursday, July 7, to enable himself. Her
Royal Highness tlie Princess Mary, Duchess of
Teck, and others to attend. All tickets issued for
the fitc will be available on July 7. A special pro-
menade will take place at the gardens on the 6th.

Forecasting the Weather. — Mr. B. G.

Jenkins has contributed to the Royal Academy of
Belgium a paper the object of which is to prove that
the moon has an influence on the weather, and is indeed
the actual cause of its variations, by showing that the
moon has a cycle of sixty-two years, and the weather
a coincident cycle, in other words, that the move-
ments of the moon in I8S7 are practically identical
with those of 1825, and that the weather of 1825 is
being repeated in 1887. If this can be borne out all
we have to do when desirous of forecasting the weather
is to look back to the weather records of sixty-two
years ago. On turning, however, to Miss Ormerod's
reductions of the Cobham Journals we find that for
the month of June, 1825, the temperature was 2°
deficient, and that rain fell on ten days to the extent
of M'J inch, rather more than half the average. We
fear that this does not tally well with Mr. Jenkins'
remarks. At Cobham, for July, 1825, the tem-
perature was 2° in excess, and with scarcely any
rain. It remains to be seen whether the present
July will be of the same character. Mr. Jen-
kins' forecast for January, 1887, as reprinted, was
a very close approximation indeed to the actual
fact.

Cambridge. — Xev/ plant-houses and a small
research laboratory are to be erected in the Botanic
Garden. It is hoped that a new class-room for
practical botanical research will be erected.

Manchester Exhibition.— For the six weeks

the Exliibition has been open the numbers exceed
those at the Kensington show last year. It is a
success in every sense of the word.

Hay Fever. — According to Dr. Morell Mac-
kenzie, this troublesome disease is almost invariably
caused by the pollen of certain grasses, especi-
ally Anthoxanthum odoratum, IIolcus avenaceus
[ ? Avena elatior. Ed.]; Alopccurus pratensis, Poa
fertilis [?], P. trivialis, P. nemoralis [?], and Lo-
lium perenne. The complaint seems to have ori-
ginated in this country and to afl'ect especially the
Anglo-Saxon race and especially the more cultured
members of it. We have ventured to put a ? to some
of the names of the grasses, which seem either in-
correct or unlikely to be among the culprits. We
have not seen the original work of Dr. Mackenzie,
and are, hence, at a loss to know how he distinguishes
the pollen of these grasses one from another. The
method of collecting them is to smear some glycerine
on an ordinary slide, expose it to the air, and after a
given time to count the number of grains in a square
centimetre. " Artemisia maritima " or its variety, A.
gallica, are credited with producing like effects near
the coast, and also the Rose, some people being sub-
ject to " Rose cold."

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— The annual festival of the Society was held
on Wednesday evening last, under the presidency of
Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild, M.P.. supported
by Sir Robert Peel, and a large comijany of horti-
culturists and their friends. The Baron sketched the
history of gardening from the time of Adabi to that of

JcLT 2, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

19

Paxton, Moohe, Turner, Philip Frost, and Zadok
Stevens ; asserted the superiority of Britisli forced
flowers and fruits over Continental ones. Sir RonEUT
Peel complimented the Chairman and the Treasurer.
Mr. Hahkv Veitch was made happy by a substantial
addition to the fund, as detailed more at length in
another column.

Rev. Canon Hole.— The Fall Mall Ga:Me
announced in its Tuesday's issue that the Bishopric
of Nova Scotia has been offered to the Reverend
Canon.

Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— We have re-
ceived a promise of a donation of £10 10s. from Mr.
W. Bull to this fund, with an annual subscription
of £1 Is. Mr. W. Bull, Jun., also subscribes 1 guinea
annually.

A New Oil Seed.— Within the last few days I
have had submitted to me, says Mr. Jackson, from two
distinct firms at Liverpool, samples of oil-seeds from
the River Niger, with a request to be informed as to
their name and properties. These seeds prove to be
those of Lophira alata, a hard-wooded Dipterocarpous
tree of Senegambia, Sierra Leoue, and the Niger.
The seeds as imported are carefully denuded of tiieir
woody shells and winged calyx-lobes ; they contain
a quantity of oil. On the Niger the natives e.xprcss
this oil and use it for cooking purposes, as well as
for anointing their hair. From samples contained
in the museum at Kew it would seem that these
seeds have been before imported into this country,
but many years since ; whether they will now be-
come a regular article of commerce remains to be
seen.

Flowers of Tan.— For this most destructive
pest M. Gaston Malet recommends the use of a
solution of copper-sulphate (blue vitriol), 2 grammes
to the litre of water (say half a drachm to a quart).

The Fruit Trade of Tonga, Fiji Islands.

— Under the head of green fruit it is stated that
Bananas and Pines were, during the last quarter of
the year 18SG only an insignificant item of export
from Tonga, Fiji Islands, amounting to only £25.
The Tongan Government, however, have planted
60,000 Bananas, the fruits of which are intended for
exportation to Sydney and New Zealand, so that
Fiji may expect during the present year a consider-
able competition in this line, and as the Orange
crop is reported to be most abundant, the exporta-
tion of fruit during the present year is expected,
should no hurricane occur, to attain an importance
which it never has before attained.

Bury St. Edmunds and West Suffolk
Horticultural Society: June 23 and 24.—

This Society, of which our old friend, Mr. Petee
Grieve, formerly of Culford Hall, has been the
Hon. Secretary for six years past, held its annual
Bummer show on the above date in the Botanical
Gardens. It was a little smaller than usual, owing
to the retarding character of the season, still, it was
considered satisfactory, and attracted a goodly
number of visitors.

The Big Bouquet.— We are informed that
photographs of the Queen's bouquet may be had of
Jlessrs. KoucH & Co., Norfolk Street, Strand, W.C.

Twelve good Rhododendrons.— Rhododen-
drons are now so numerous that selection becomes
difficult, but there are some first-class varieties which
compel admiration. Among many others at the
Knap Hill Nurseries the following were specially
noticeable : — Sigismund Rucker, claret, with deep
purple spots ; Jas. JI. Brooks, crimson, with olive-
green spots ; Mrs. Price Land, delicate pink, with
yellowish spots; Lady Gray Egerton, delicate lilac ;
Queen, white ; Mrs. John Clutton, white ; Minnie,
white, with orange blotch ; Mrs. Simpson, white, with
orange and purple spots ; Sappho, white, with deep
purple blotch ; Scipio, magnificent rose, with dark

spots ; Florence, rosy-lilac, white eye ; Martin Sutton,
rich glowing crimson ; Alex. Dancer, an old variety
with rosy-lilac flowers.

Watering with Warm Water has often been
proposed, and every gardener prefers to use water of
no lower temperature than that of his house. It
does not appear, however, according to the experi-
ments of Jlr. DvBowsKi, that any material good
effect arises in practice from the use of warm water
(20°— 30^ C, 68°— 8(3° F.), because the ettect is
merely temporary, and a short time after application
the soil returns to its original temperature. The
experiments of the physiologist in the laboratory give
different results, because the temperature is main-
tained throughout at one level, which would hardly
be practicable in stoves, except, of course, in the
case of water-plants.

The Plymouth Strawberry.— We are in-
debted to Miss Owen for specimens of this curiosity,
in which all the parts of the flower are represented
by more or less perfect leaves, which, although they
render the fruit of no " vse for meate," as Parkin-
son says, yet are " pleasant to beholde and fit for a
gentlewoman to weare on her arme as a raritie." Dr.
HoGQ, in a note inserted in Dr. JIasters' Vcyt'tahlc
Teraioluyy, p. 27.3, speaks of the plant as a botanical
Dodo, which had disappeared and become extinct,
even Ducuesne having seen only a dried specimen.
We refer the reader to the note before-mentioned,
and rejoice to learn that the plant is still in exist-
ence in the Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

The English Retail Seed Trade and
Sunday Postal Labour.— The following letter

has been sent to us for publication : — In the evidence
given before the Select Committee of the House of
Commons on Sunday Postal Labour, Mr. Martin J.
Sutton, managing partner of the firm of Messrs.
Sutton and Sons, Seedsmen, Reading, is reported to
have said {vide Times of the 18th inst., and the Bock
of the 24th inst.) that "Competitors in the trade
though they did not ostensibly keep open, did
receive letters and despatch goods on Sunday." As
leading retail seedsmen in the United Kingdom, we
desire, so far as we are concerned, emphatically to
say that the statement made by Mr. Sutton is both
untrue and unjust. If (which we very much doubt)
it could be proved any house is guilty of the practice,
it would have been only fair on Mr. Sutton's part to
have given the name, and not have made an accu-
sation which reflects on the honour and integrity of
the entire retail seed trade. We are, Sir, yours
very truly, Barr & Son, London ; James Carter &
Co., London ; Drummond & Son, Dublin ; Drum-
mond & Son, Stirling ; Daniels Bros., Norwich ;
Charles Fidler, Reading ; Harrison & Son, Leicester ;
Hooper & Co., London ; Kent & Brydon, Dar-
lington ; Lamoureux & Co., Plymouth ; Little &
Ballantvne, Carlisle ; Oakshott & Millard, Reading.

Notices of Books.

The Fungus Hunter's Guide. W. Delisle

Hay. (Swan, Sonnenschein, Lowrey & Co.)
This work is a kind of supplement to Mr. Hay's
larger work, Tke Textbook of British Fungi,
noticed in the Gardeners' Chronicle a few weeks ago.
We have no wish to review this book unfavourably,
and certainly not unjustly, but we have several very
strong objections against it. As very little of the
book is original, the somxe of the material (viz., Dr.
Cooke's Handbook), should have been acknowledged :
the same remark applies to the numerous illustrations
— as scarcely one is original, the source should have
been indicated. Very little credit appears to be due
to Mr. Hay beyond correct (but unacknowledged) tran-
scription. We greatly object to the new " popular '
names, as they make the index to the larger volume
not only perfectly valueless but in the highest degree
irritating. The second volume, fortvinately, is with-

out the exasperating adjunct of a new popular index.
We object greatly to the alteration of the sequence
of species as given by Fries ; the best botanists have
hesitated to alter this masterpiece of understandable
arrangement constructed by a master mind ; why,
then, should Jlr. Hay step in and attempt to mar it ?
It is conceivable that some genius may at some future
day improve on the work of the great Swedish
master, but Mr. Hay's attempt simply destroys his
own work, for if one wishes to find a given fungus in
Jlr. Hay's index, he is met with a mad harlequinade
of ghastly humorous new names, and if he depends
upon his memory of Fries' sequence, he is met with
a hideous jumble ; everything being shaken up,
altered, aud furnished with a whimsically-comic new
name. The author says, in his preface, that " A
very slight acquaintance with the subject is all that
is requisite, in order to make practical application of
tlie information here afforded ; " but the author's
own case proves, that even with his own confessed
*' wide acquaintance with mycological literature " he
has not been able to save himself from serious errors.
If " amateur mycologists " make " practical applica-
tion " of some of the " information" contained in the
volume before us, their carcases will probably have
to be examined by a coroner before burial. In one of
the " keys " the author distinguishes between two
kinds of " parasites." One ^set contains the " para-
sites on living plants," the other the " parasites on
dead or dying plants." Since Cooke's Handbuok
was published nearly twenty years ago. a vast amount
of work has been done in connection with the larger
fungi, not only by Dr. Cooke, but by the great master,
Fries himself, and by other botanists. Mr. Hay,
therefore, made a mistake in becoming a " parasite
on a dead plant " (Dr. Cooke's Handbook), he should
have become parasitical on a " living plant," as Fries'
Ht/iiienoinycdf-'s Eiiroptpi, or upon Stevenson's more
recently published British Fungi. Although the
smaller book before us is a kind of key to Mr. Hay's
larger book, yet the two dirt'er somewhat from each
other, and certain notes given in the smaller are not
mentioned in the larger. None of the illustrations,
either of genera or sub-genera, is furnished with a
name ; this is an extraordinary omission, and by a
strange coincidence. Dr. Cooke (by some oversight)
forgot to name his outlines of the sub-genera of Agar-
icu3 ; but if Jlr. Hay had referred to the fountain-
head, he could have secured names for all. Names are
most important both for genera and sub-genera. The
sub-genera of Agaricus are often divided and sub-
divided into sections more or less defined, and an
engraved outline cannot be, and is not, typical of all
the species of any given sub-genus. The unnamed
outline on p. 49 is not a British plant at all. The
book is very well printed, and apparently free from
errors of the press, but it is founded on work now
out of date. As for the edible species, perhaps the
less said of them the better; possibly some of our
very remote flat-headed Palaiolithic precursors might
have been able (if their jaws were powerful enough)
to masticate woody and leathery Polyporei, accom-
panied by sheets of dry rot, peeled from prostrate
logs, with a dessert of shivering, cold, and loathsome
Tremellas ; but in the present day, when steak,
Potatos, and bread can be purchased for a (as some
say) moderate sum, some of Jlr. Hay's new " lumps
of delight " will, we fear, have but a poor chance in
the " survival of the fittest."

The Herbaceous Border,

PRIMULA RUSBYI.

Amongst many species of Primrose which have
flowered here this spring few are prettier or more
satisfactory than P. Rusbyi. I see by reference to
the Primula Conference Catalogue of Synonyms that
it is a native of New Jlexico, and as it is not included
in Asa Gray's North American Flora, I conclude it is
a new discovery. It is by far the best American
Primrose I have yet seen, most of them being shabby
aud unsatisfactory. The flowers are as large as

20

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 2, 1887.

those of a florist's Phlox, the habit dwarf and
sturdy, and the colours bright and dear, reminding
me of some of the best garden varieties of Phlox
subulata. I believe my specimen was bought from
Ware in the spring of last year, but it is not
included in liis latest catalogue, nor can I find it in
any catalogue, or I should order more. In this
second year of my experience of it I think it a most
promising garden species. It has been planted out
in an exposed situation here for fifteen months.
C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, Jane 12.

Trillium sessile var. cilifor- 1 New Plant and Bulb Co.,

nica f April 26.

Violet Victoria Chambers, April 12.

Zypooolax Veitchii Veitch, March 22.

■\-EGETABl,ES.
Potato Kevan'3 Hybrid ... Kevan, Jan. II.

STAND FOR EXHIBITING

GRAPES.

The plan of preserving cut bunches of late-keeping

Grapes by immersing their stalks in bottles of water,

NEW PLANTS CERTIFICATED

The JoUoroing received First-class Certificate^!.

Abies (Picea) excelsa mutabilis Veitch* May 24.
Adiantum cuneatum, Gordon's

tasselled Gordon, April 12.

Amaryllis Ambient Veitch, April 26.

„ Edith Wynne Veitch, April 12.

„ Nestor Veitch, March 8.

.. Nonpareil Veitch, April 12.

AuricuUi Abbe Liszt Douglas, April 12.

„ Sir William He-vveLt ... Douglas, April 13.

Azalea (hardy) Beauty .,. Veitch, May 24.

,, (hardy) Maiden's Bhi.^h Veitch, May 24.

„ Peacb Blossom A. Waterer, May 24.

., Snowflake A. Waterer, May 24.

Barkeria Vauneriana Vanner, Jan. 11.

Borouia heterophylla Veitch, March 22.

i Baron F. Rothschild. April 12

Cattleya Trianaei Schroederip- Baron Schroder. April 12.

( F. Wigan, April 12.

Chrysanthemum Golden Gem Owen, Jan. 11.

„ Mrs. H. Joues Ware, Jan. 11.

Cineraria Alexander Warwick Gordon. April 12.

,. (double) William Pratt . Pratt. April 12.

Ctjelogyne Dayana Schroder, June 14.

Cyclamen Princess of Wale?i... Clarke, April 2t5.

„ Queen of Crimsons ... Odell, April 12.
Cypripedium Leeanum su-

perbum Schroder, Jan. 11.

., leucorhodum Veitch, April 12.

Ereraurus robustus Loder, June 14.

Fritillaria p;illidiflora Ware, May 10.

Hemerocallis Middendorfiana . Ware, June 14.

Hyacinth La Belle Veitch. March 22.

Ixiolirion tartaricum ... ... Wtnv, June 14.

Kalanchoe carnea ^'eiteh, Jiiii. 11.

Korolko^via discolor Ware, Jan. 11.

Lffilia anceps Sanderiana ... -j ^^^^i^'^; ^^^^ j^,

„ ,, Stella ... ■ Schrbder, .Tan. 11.

Lycaste plana Measurei^iana... Williams, Feb. S.

Miltonia vexillaria radiata ... Schroder, June 14.

,, „ leueoglossa Tautz. April 2(j.

Mosdevallia lutea oculata ... Tautz, June 14.
Mimulus, Carter's Jubilee

Queen's Prize Carter. Mav 24.

Narcissus Captain Nelson ... \ ^Ze!':^l'lo.

„ cyclamineus Barr, Apnl 12

,, Gloria Mundi Barr. May 10.

,. Glory of Leyden Barr, Mav 10.

„ .ToliMStoni Barr, April 26

„ :Miidanie de Graaf ... Barr, May 10.

Odontoglos-sum cambridgca-

nuni Measures, April 20.

„ crispum leopardinum ... Pollett, February a.

,, ,, Thompson's var. ... Thompson, April 12.

„ Pescatorei, PoUetfs var. Pollett, May 24.

„ triumphaus, Rosefield

var Crawshay, March 22.

Pachystoraa Thomp-iiODianum . Vanner, Feb. 8.

Pceonv Banicri ^■eitch, May 2-t.

„ isis Veitch, May 24.

„ lactea Ware, May 24.

„ odorata Maria Ware, May 24.

„ Zenobia Ware, May 24.

Pelargonium (show) Duke of

Clarence Foster, June 14.

Phaltenopsis speciosa Berkeley. May 24.

Primrose Mrs. Wilson Wilson, April 26.

Primula Sieboldi, Ware's

white Ware, May 10.

,, sinenis Brightness ... .Tames, Feb. 8.

„ ,. double blue Fern-
leaved Sutton, Jan. 11.

„ ,, double blue, plain-
leaved Sutton, .Tan. 11.

„ ,, doublerose Sutton, Jan. 11.

„ .. double scarlet ... Sutton, Jan. 11,

„ ,, Gipsy Queen ... Sutton, Jan. 11.

„ ,, Purity James, Feb. 8.

„ „ Rosy Queen Sutton, Jan. U.

,, „ Snowflake Veitch. Feb. 8.

„ „ White Perfection ... Cannell, Feb. 8.

„ obtusifolia (?) var. Gam-

mieana Douglas. April 20.

Pteris tremula flaccida ... May, Jan. 11.

Pyrethrum Aphrodite Kelway, June 14.

"„ Figaro Kelway, June 14.

„ Florentine Kelway, June 14.

„ Margaret Moore Ware, June 14.

., JIagifien Kelway, June 14.

Ranunculus rortusicfolius ... Loder, May 24.
Rhododendron balsaminieflo-

Tum carneum Veitch, March 22.

„ La Belle Veitch, March 8,

Bose The Bride Gilmour, March 8.

., Puritan W. Paul & Son, April 12.

Rosa polyantha Golden Fairy Bennett, April 12.

„ ,, miiiutifolia alba .,. Bennett, April 12.

Fig. .?.— 5RAPE STAxr.

'^^^> *Vv

FUr. 6.— GRAPES OS ;

a plan introduced from France, is now well known in
our gardens. Generally the bottles are placed on
wooden racks or shelves, but occasionally light iron
frames or stands are employed for the same purpose,
as shown at fig. 5. At the recent Paris Exhibition
one of the stands was made use of for the purpose of
exhibiting bunches and foliage of different varieties

of Grapes. The effect was so beautiful and so satis-
factory, that we made a hasty sketch in our memo-
randum-book, which Mr. Worthington Smith has
" dressed," as in fig. 0.

The sketch gives a very good idea of the possi-
bilities of such an arrangement for decorative
purposes, but wt- would ask exhibitors and judges at
fruit shows whetlier the system is not applicable to
exiiibiting competing bundles of Grapes at our shows,
or of afibrding an opportunity of comparing bunches
and foliage of different varieties with greater facility
than at present. Certainly no uglier mode of ex-
hibiting Grapes can be devised than that generally
employed ; while the foliage, important for beauty
and for purposes of discrimination, is not shown
at all.

Cultural Memoranda.

EICHAEDIA iETHIOnCA.
This showy decorative greenhouse plant is of easy
management, and the proper summer treatment very
simple ; nevertheless this fact is not generally known,
consequently sturdy and floriferous plants resulting
from liberal summer culture, are not frequently met
with. Sometime in the month of June the plants,
while moist at the roots, should be turned out of the
pots, the balls of earth and roots be cho])ped in two
a little above the drainage, and then be divided and
subdivided according to the number and size of plants
it is desired to grow. The divided plants should
then be planted in an open situation out-of-
door in rows at from 16 inches to 24
inches apart, and at the same distance in
the rows ; putting a couple of shovelsful of
loam and one of short manure, in tlie proportion of
three of the former to two of the latter, about their
roots, making the earth firm about them. This
done, put a stick to each plant, and secure the leaves
thereto, afterwards laying on rotten dnng as a
mulching 2 inches thick, and then give a little
water to settle the soil about the roots. The only
attention they will require during the summer months
is to keep them free from weeds and well supplied
with water at the roots in the absence of rain. By
the time the old foliage has died down to the ground
a fresh batch of leaves will start from the "crowns"
of the plants beneath the surface of the soil. About
the third week in August the id.ants should be
"ringed" by thrusting a spade into tlie soil at the
same distance from the centre of the individual
plants as diameter of the pots into which they should
be potted a couple of weeks later. This will prevent
the plants from experiencing too much check in the
process of being potted up. Use rich soil and well-
drained pots. H. W. W.

Home Correspondence.

CACTUS AND OTHER DAHLIAS AT SWANLEY
"HOME FOR FLOWERS." — These formed a special
feature at Messrs. Cannell's last autumn, where
I had an opportunity of seeing — Cactus, show, fancy,
pompons, and singles by the acre. As during the
next few weeks is the best time to plant I will, in
reply to one of your correspondents, briefly say some-
thing on their culture and the most desirable
varieties. Dahlias have many enemies. Slugs and
snails will reach them from considerable distances
when young and newly planted — earwigs and otlier
foes later on. To minimise the injury from these
pests whenever possible in newly made beds or
borders, encircle tlie young plants with dry soot
as a deterrent. It is common to procure new Dahlias
and to dig holes for them in beds in which something
else is planted permanently, and allow them then
to take care of themselves. In some cases there
may be no alternative, but when there is, make new
beds. In trenching and digging many of their
enemies are bui'ied beyond future mischief, and before
the eggs of slugs that may be near the surface have
hatched the Dahlias will have become more vigorous.
The ground can hardly be too deep or too rich,
unless the grower objects to size, when less manure
need be dug in. It is a mistake to plant weakly
bits in case of the shows or fancies, but the mistake

JutT 2, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHE ONI CLE.

21

becomes a blunder in regard to the Cactus class,
because, under ordinary circumstances, they will not
bloom for a month later. Give these the warmest
position — southern if possible — from this point of
view, and instead of having the ground too rich, to
encourage the formation of foliage at the expense of
blooms, rather depend on the subsequent application
of artificial or concentrated manures in a liquid state.
I cannot but think at the various shows a special
class will be arranged for Cactus Dahlias in future, as
the number of varieties to select from is increasing
by leaps and bounds. We are no longer confined to
the white and crimson, desirable as these are, and
this brings me to speak of the most desirable selection
for a small garden. I think I may dispose of singles
by saying they seem to have reached the zenith of
their popularity. One of the reasons for this is that
worthless seed and worthless varieties are sold and
gro\vn, and disappointment results ; while really
brilliant and valuable named kinds, as easily obtained
and nearly as cheap, are eschewed. "We strode
across several acres to see what a wondrously brilliant
flower Mr. Rose was, with fantastic pure white stripes
on a bright rose ground. Equally as surprising a
contrast of flowers was that fine companion variety,
Chihvell Beauty, bright yellow, belted with scarlet.

called "triple-double," white and black, Mr. Miller
and Germaine Wood, should be in every collection.
I liave almost named enough, and they so varied, to
show what an extensive class this is ; but they were
in many respects cast in the shade by a dozen shown
us that we were informed were to be sent as " the
Jubilee Cactus and decorative Dahlias." They cer-
tainly surprised our party, and included Mr. Hoveys
Charming Bride, ivory-white, tipped bright pink ;
Lady Kerrison, Picotee edge, amber ground ; of the
same Picotee character, but dwarf, is W. J. Abery,
reddish border, white ground. Of distinct primary
colours may be noted Lady Marsham, Prince of
Wales, Black Knight, Prince Albert Victor, Lady
Thompson, and Lady H. Campbell. As you have
recently given a selection of show and fancy Dahlias,
I need not repeat it; all are grown here, in gi'eat
variety, separate, and true to name. W. J. M,

PANSIES. — Our two engravings (figs. 7 nnd 8)
represent faithfully the large kinds of Pansies
brought into commerce, after years of careful .^elec-
tion, by Mr. F. Rcemer, of Quedlinburg. For size of
flower, regularity of shape, substance in the petals,
these varieties exceed any that we have seen in
this country. It may be mentioned that the finest

with short white hairs. It is found at altitudes of
13,000 to 15,000 feet in Sikkim Himalaya, on wet
rocks. Even if the above treatment could be given to
it in our gardens, and the plant found to grow well —
which is hardly likely — it would take a very great
number of plants to make a show that the experiment
would not be tried more than once. B.

CENTRANTHUS RUBER. — The well - preserved
ruins of Conway Castle were, less than a week ago,
rendered resplendent by the flowers of the pink Vale-
rian, which lighted up the railway side with an
indescribable beauty. For covering rocks and ruins
this Valerian is invaluable. A. D. W.

THE QUEEN RHODODEUDROH.^ Apropos of this
fine variety, which at this distance of time since it was
raised still stands at the head of the white varieties,
Mr. C. Noble informs me that it was one of a batch of
seedlings raised during the time Jfessrs. Standish
& Noble were in partnership, and that it flowered
with Mr. Noble after the partnership was dissolved.
It was raised from a cross made between album
elegans and pictum, and it is a remarkable fact that
the Queen has never yielded a seed-pod, nor has it
furnished any pollen with which to cross others.

. — GIANT FIVE-SPOTTED PANSY,

Fig. 8. — I^IPROVED TEULiEDEAU PANSY.

I am not surprised Messrs. Cannell had First-class
Certificates for these. I still like such old favourites
as White Queen and Paragon, and. to make half-a-
dozen, add Eclipse, certiflcated, if I remember right,
at Kensington, and Mrs. West, distinct. I come
next to the Cactus class. If specially treated, and
started into growth early in April or March, they
will be among the first to bloom ; in any case, they
cease blooming only when cut off by frost. Then,
again, as a rule, they are not so " lumpy " for cutting
purposes, and have much longer and stouter stalks
than the two classes — shortly to be amalgated — of
shows and fancies. One of the oldest is Juarezi,
rich glossy crimson, sent out by this firm so long ago
as 1879. Like most of this class, to get full fine
blooms, thin out the buds. It is, however, not as
venerable as 'Mr. Salter's white Constance, that has
seen more than half a century come and go. There
is a scarlet-crimson form of this named Lord Lynd-
hurst, both specially doing well in poor soil. Many
prefer Mr. Tait's white (called after him), raised in
Portugal a few years since. There are now many of
the floret-striped class, of which the oldest is Pirita
formosissima, orange -yellow, striped or edged with
scarlet. This differs from the last and Glare of the
Garden — the most floriferous of all — inasmuch that
it will not come double unless thinned and richly
grown. As curiosities, and very distinct, the bo-

blooms are produced by seedling plants, and that
the varieties come quite true by this mode of in-
crease. Fig. 8 is that of the improved Trimardeau,
and flg. 7 that of the giant five-spotted Pansy. On
p. 640 of our issue for May 14 last we gave Mr.
Roemer's method of raising and growing seedlings.

PRIMULA SAPPHIRINA.— This tiny little Prim-
rose, smaller, if anything, than P. minutissima,
introduced a few years ago, and distributed from the
Edinburgh Botanic Garden, has been successfully
raised and flowered at Kew from seeds obtained
along with many others from Calcutta last year. It
is hardly the kind of plant to cause a great stir
amongst the florists, but it is teeming with interest
to the botanist as being a chain in the link that will
eventually sweep away the old genus Soldanella.
In fact a step has been taken in this direction
already by JI. Franchet, who has studied the new
species collected in Yun-Xan, and found a few which
joined the two genera. P. sapphirina more nearly
resembles a Soldanella than a Primula, the flowers
being of the same shape, drooping and finely fringed.
They are nearly sessile, two or three to a scape, and
of a pale blue colour. The rosettes of leaves are less
than half an inch in diameter, the leaves about a
quarter of an inch long, obovate, and pinnatifldly
toothed, the whole plant hoary, or sparingly covered

7?. D. [Another remarkable circumstance was men-
tioned to us by Mr. A. Waterer, to the effect that
the same variety was raised in his nursery at Knap
Hill. Ed.]

A BUNCH OF CUCUMBER FRUITS.— We send
you a bunch of Cucumbers exhibited at a meeting
of the Maidstone Gardeners' Society, on Wednesday
the 22nd ult., by Mr. Hepworth, of Maidstone. There
are eight fruits from the one joint, and the weight
is 13^ lb. The variety is a seedling of the exhibitor's.
They are badly off colour now, but we are informed
that this is owing to their having been cut upwards
of a week ago. Thomas Frost S,- Son. [The stems were
fasciated from excessive and disproportionate gro^vth.
Ed.]

SINGLE ROSES.— Some of our loading Rose nur-
serymen state that these are iu great demand, and it
seems difficult to get too large a stock. Strange, that
after our rosarians have been engaged during the last
half-century in doubling the Rose as much as possible,
and succeeding in a remarkable degree, the single
flowers are becoming popular and great favourites.
Among them are the red and white forms of rugosa,
for they are very strong indeed, flowering in clusters,
and then followed by bunches of brilliant red berries
in autumn and winter j berberidi folia Hardii, yellow

22

THE GARBENEnS' chhonicle.

[JcLY 2, 1887.

with maroon spots ; the cropper and yellow Austrian
Briers ; Paul's single crimson and single white Ca-
mellia japonica, pure white, with large yellow stamens;
the pretty white Japanese peryantha ; and finally,
Macartney, with its bright, shining evergi-ecn
foliage, and large pure white blossoms. If any
one requires a handsome object for a dwarf wall,
and the situation is otherwise favourable, let them
plant the last-named. Paul's crimson and white are
both perpetual bloomers, and they would make a
chai-ming bed. Now that the single Dahlias are
declining in the popular estimation, the single
Roses promise to come in and take their place.
The best form of plant of any of the single
varieties is, as pot plants, worked in well-established
stocks of the seedling Brier, such that could be
planted out in the open at once without suffering a
check. 7f. D.

HARDY PERENNIAL POPPIES. — Although the
various annual Pojipies are frequently met with in
gardens, the more gorgeous and lasting hardy peren-
nial forms are seldom seen outside of botanical
gardens or places where extensive collections of
herbaceous plants are a specialty. In these days,
when ocstheticism has given such prominence to the
Sunflower, &c., it seems strange that these gorgeous
plants should have been so long overlooked— more
especially when it is considered they have a further
claim to recognition on the score of ornamental
foliage. Papaver bracteatum, a n.itive of tlie
rocky defiles of Siberia, is the tallest and the
hardiest (if we except Iceland Poppies) of its class.
It is distinguishable by its bracts, as the
name implies, and by its dee]> crimson-scarlet
flowers, borne on robust stalks from 3 to 4 feet iu
height. It blooms during the months of June and
Julv, when, spring flowers having passed away, it
cannot fail to be appreciated. P. orientale, though
sometimes mistaken for P. bracteatum, is very dis-
tinct from it. It is of shorter growth, rarely obtain-
ing to a height of 3 feet. Its blooms are red, and
large, and very showy, whilst the much divided
leaves are verj- distinct from the generality of
cultivated garden plants. The blooms when cut
last well in water, which is a great advantage.
Perennial Poppies propagate readily by means of
numerous suckers, which form around the old
stools. The plants delight in deep rich soil.
William Earley.

INDIAN PINKS. — It would be interesting to know
the exact origin of tliat section of double Indian
Pink known as Dianthusimperialis. Either it is a selec-
tion from the ordinary double Indian Pink, D. chinen-
sis, or it is the result of a cross between this and one
of the mule Pinks, if that is possible. D. imperialis
grows to about the heiglit of a foot, and has bright
crimson compact double flowers ; a variety named
atrosanguineus has rich vermilion flowers, verj-
bright and effective ; imperialis pictus has white
flowers with slight rosy markings ; albus is pure
white. Another closely "allied to this group is called
D. Dunnetti splendens grandiflora, also double, and
of a brilliant red colour. All here may be said to
be hardy biennials, flowering the same year if sown
early eiiougli, and if the plants have grown into size
and come through the winter well they are objects
of great beauty the second year. The ordinary D.
chinensis (from which, perhaps, the foregoing are
only choice selections), have a great variety, both
double and single, but they are not so often met
with in gardens as they deserve to be. Any one
who gi'ows them can come and cut again, and by no
means exhaust the capacities for blooming tlie I'lants
appear to possess. D. Heddewigii, it is well known,
is a fine selection from the foregoing, and took the
public by storm when it was first (listributed some
thirty years ago ; the first selection was the fringed
edged laciniatus, and others followed. Some of the
most distinct varieties are Eastern Queen, Crimson
Queen, Brilliant, and Diadematus, the last having
charming striped and laced flowers. Of late years a
pure wliite variety has been obtained, but whether it
will remain true to character remains to be seen.
The Dianthuses are, as a rule, much too thickly
sown, or rather the ])lants are not sufliciently thinned
out, and if the gi-ound be poor, the blossoms are
meagre and jjoor, instead of being large, stout, and
rich. If only individual plants were allowed to
occupy the space too often given to four or five, and
they were cultivated instead of lieing neglected, what
a reward would follow. If some common flowers, as
they are termed, had articulate voici', what a volume
of protest against neglect would go up from some
gardens ? B. D,

THE GOOSE'BERRY CATERPILLAR.— The sugges-
tion that Hellebore powder should be used to dress
Gooseberry bushes for the destruction of caterpillars
is one happily rarely adopted, and specially is it not
so in market gardi'ns. Happily, too, considerable
mischief to the bushes by caterpillars is not common,
so that drastic antidotes are seldom required. But
when the pest does rage, market men prefer even
dirty soot, to poisonous Hellebore powder. But the
best antidote is found in handpicking, joined to well
shaking the bushes and destroying those caterpillars
which tall. As a preventive, however, it is an excel-
lent ])lan during the winter to lightly fork off the
surface-soil from under the bushes, give the ground
about the roots a good dressing of soot, dig deeply
in the surface-soil thus removed, replacing that with
some brought up between the rows — also, as the
bushes leaf, keeping the surface of the soil beneath
them well stirred with hoes, so that the insects, whether
active or dormant, may be exposed to the birds or
weather. The Dutch lioe is an admirable implement
for use under and about Gooseberry and Currant
bushes. If the chrysalis from which the moth
comes can be destroyed during the winter, there
will be fewer eggs laid during the summer. 'We
find sparrows and other small birds play havoc with
caterpillars during the breeding season. A. D.

THE SELF-HELP SCHEME.— It was not my in-
tention to have trespassed further upon your space
concerning this subject, at present ; but " A. D.'s ''
courteous letter induces me to crave your indulgence
again. He is quite right when he supposes that I
w-ant to find a safe basis for my scheme before
launching it, and that I would also like the opinions
of the gardeners themselves. I presume he alludes to
the Orphan Fund when he says, if a similar course
had been taken by the promotersof other movements
the risk of failure would have been spared them ; I
am a supporter of Mr. Penny's movement, and would
have a great pleasure in seeing it prosper. Their
object is excellent, but they seem to have started at
the ^vrong end. Gardeners require something that
will alleviate their condition and be directly to their
own interest during life, and when that is provided
they will be in a better position and more capable of
providing for their children in case these are left
orphans. I am not certain as to " A. D.'s " meaning
when he says, the best men will not associate them-
selves with such a society as the Self-Help, and think
he is wanting in his usual courtesy to the promoters,
when he says only the most needy would do so.
I presume he means by the best men those who have
succeeded in securing good and prominent positions.
I think those are tlie very men who will take it up
warmly, and give it their support ; for these men
feel the degradation of being obliged to work as
ordinary labourers when out of employment, more
than an ordinary gardener would. However, if the
class thought it' beneath them to become ordinary
members, and thus associate themselves with the
mass, perhaps the et^prit dc corps existing among
gardeners might imluce them to become honorary
members, liaying a trifling sum annu.ally, and giving
their moral "support for the benefit of their less for-
tunate brethren, many of whom were their old bothy
associates. But, as li matter of fact, I may mention
that it was the pitiable aspect of some of these men
labouring in a nursery that gave me the idea of
forming this society, and I am assured by private
correspondents— many of them occupying good
positions— that wheu'the Self Help is started it will
have their hearty support. " A. D." admits that the
mass of gardeners are as well paid as mechanics.
If I thought it desirable I could easily prove that
thev are a good deal better off; but his admission
is sufticient for my purpose. Most artisans are
members of their several societies, which are very
strong, and similar in their objects to the one I
propose, with the exception that some of them
interfere with the rate of wages earned by their
members. The Self Help will not and cannot do
this, as gardeners are usually paid according to the
extent and requirements of the garden of which they
have charge; and there will always be men, who
by steady industry and attention to their duties, asso-
ciated with a studious and observant mind, will raise
themselves above their fellows, and make their pro-
fession a science as well as an art, thereby command-
ing a higher wage than the rank and file of gar-
deners. Consequently a gardener's society could not
well interfere with the wage question. In reference
to " A. D.'s " allusion to the proverbial straws, I think
gardeners are better off in this res]iect than the
mechanics, who have high house-rent to pay, water
rates, poor's rates, gas bills, coal bills, and have to

pay exorbitant prices for small necessaries that arc
usually provided for gardeners. But I am not going
to argue about trifles, and "A. D." is quite welcome
to this one, which I think gardeners will be better
able to bear when in a situation than a whole cart-
load when he is out of employment. " A. D." seems
to think that I know little of the average gardener
or the pay he receives ; but I have spent fifteen
years in a bothy as apprentice, journeyman, and fore-
man, in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales ; I
have likewise been propagator in the houses of a
North of England nursery, and foreman in a large
establishment which grows seed for the wholesale
trade — I have filled the position of single-handed
gardener where help is given (no cow), and likewise
the position of steward over a large estate, keeping
the estate books, and I have close upon a hundred
men on my pay-sheet, and solely under my charge ;
I have likewise rushed "stuff'for'Covent Garden in an
atmosphere that would have suited a native of Bengal ;
consequently, I ought to know something of the
average gardener and his earnings, which I have no
doubt " A. D.," with his usual fairness, will admit.
I have nothing to say against a gardener putting
business in tlie way of a nurseryman who may
have done him a kindness, so long as it is
consistent with his employer's interest tor him to do
so ; the removal of any cause for being under any
obligation to the nurseryman would be better, and
would leave the gardener at liberty to make his
purchases on the most advantageous terms — a state of
things which does not exist at present. " A. D.'s ''
allusion to the nurserymen's good nature I consider
a pretty good joke, although rather a grim one to
those concerned, and I can fancy the surprise of some
of my gardening acquaintances on reading that
portion of his letter. I am in correspondence with
secretaries of other societies similar to the one I
propose to start, and hope to be able to furnish
useful information shortly. I have been travelling a
good deal during the last few weeks, and have come
in contact with numbers of gardeners, who, I find,
are, as a rule, very favourably disposed towards the
formation of the self-help scheme ; but some of them
have objections which are amusing in some cases,
and not complimentary to myself in others. One old
gardener told me, when I casually mentioned the
subject to him, that he quite agreed with " Forester,"
but thought that he was trying to float the " concern "
for his own benefit in some way or other. For th*?
enlightenment of the dubious ones I may mention
that I shall be in no way benefited by the formation
of this society personally, but, contrariwise, that my
advocacy has been otherwise than to my own advan-
tage. However, if determination and energy, com-
bined with money sufficient to cover preliminary
expenses, will establish it, it shall be done ; and in
the meantime I should be thankful if either " A. D.''
or any other practical man will give it his concen-
trated thought. Forester. [We would intimate to
our correspondent that the Orphan Fund has become
a fact, and the Gardeners' Benevolent^has long been
one. Our own opinion is, that affiliation to the
Foresters' or some similar society would better meet
Foreiler's views than another Gardeners' Societv.
Ed.1

CAULIFLOWERS ON UNDRAINED LANDS. — It
has long been maintained that stiff, somewhat
heavy land is preferable for the culture of Broccoli,
whereas deeply worked, somewhat light and highly
enriched soils suit the Cauliflower best. When it
is considered how very nearly allied are Broccoli
and Cauliflowers, especially in regard to Walcheren
and Snow's Winter White Broccoli and Veitch's
Autumn Giant Cauliflower, it becomes somewhat
difficult to account for this. No members of
the vegetable kingdom are possessed of greater
adaptability than Brassicas, as may be noted by all
who take the trouble to observe how each crop,
whether of Cabbage, Savoy, Cauliflower, or Broccoli,
even as regards the more fixed types, varies, accord-
ing as cultural influences are brought to bear. These
variations are often mistakenly attributed to good
or bad strains of seed, as though the progeny of
superior ancestry, ensured by high culture, could
counterbalance the results of inferior cultural or
climatic influences. The fact is, Brassicas, divide or
sub-divide them as we will, are hard to destroy. Sea-
kale which lies buried in the sands of the seashore
for more than half the year, the Broccolis subsist-
ing like indigenous weeds on our chalky coast cliffs ;
afford many a dish to the poor folk dwelling in
coast towns, amply prove the hardy nature of the
plants, quite apart from man's handiwork. Coming
nearer home, however, how marvellously great

Jot,i 2, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

23

are the differences between one kind of culture and
another. Ou one side of the highway may be seen
cattle Cabbages rivalling in size those the Yankee
artist depicted, which would require a railway truck
for the conveyance of each one ; on the other side,
produce miserably small. Observe further, for each
crop the laud was prepared by manuring and by
the usual breaking up. So far as my observations
go I may say that Cauliflowers are averse from deep,
loose, over-rich and damp soils and subsoils, but
succeed in such as are somewhat hard or poor.
Over the hedge beyond my orchard there was
recently a remarkable instance of want of success
attending good culture and conditions favourable,
except for one important consideration. The
crop consisted of about 5 acres of Autumn Giant
Cauliflower, growing upon an open sunny site, which
a decade or so since formed a portion of Hainhault
Forest. Like all disused forest lands the soil has a
large amount of inherent fertility, and having been
well prepared for the crop after corn and Fotatos,
was considered by the tenant oivner to be the most
desirably situated amongst some hundreds of acres
of variable land for the paying crop of what market
gardeners called "white heads." Xo expense had
been spared to make this crop a marked success, yet
the result was a failure, but one that was as instruc-
tive to the mind as it was damaging to the pocket
of the grower. The crop showed great luxuriance
of leaf, but instead of producing such fine heads as
are desired in the market during the months of
October and part of November, the plants lagged
during the early summer months, and the crop
eventually proved small in quantity and poor in
quality. Now as to the cause of this failure. The
market gardener to whom the land belongs knew
that water lay there slightly, and thought it would
be rather benelicial than otherwise in summer time ; but
the water kept the land too cool for Cauliflowers. It
was the want of drainage alone that ruined the crop.
A useful lesson may be got from the above fact.
Horticulturists are too prone to plant summer Cauli-
flowers, whether autumn or spring sown, upon too
light soils. Yet they are ever ready to choose the
stifTest soil and the coldest site in the gai'den in
which to plant Broccoli. The result is oUm
witnessed that verj'' poor Cauliflower crops are pro-
duced, and not too good Broccoli either, and, as
intimated, they are apt to see an explanation in
the assumption that the seed was an of inferior
strain, that the plants had stood too long in the seed-
bed, or that the place the plants grew in was too
shaded. My inference is that better results would
be gained if we consider that the needs of both
are identical : both require a deep, rich, firm soil,
which ought to be well drained, and therefore warm.
Now, in the majority of old kitchen gardens the
soil has been so worked and used that its natural
consistency has been destroyed. I would correct this
by choosing, where possible, a warm site, and, what
is more important, one having a warm^ — that is, a
porous — subsoil. Manure and prepare it a consider-
able time before tiie crop is to be planted. Some
years ago I stated in these pages that the best place
whereon to plant autumn-sown Cabbage plants was
an old Onion bed, no digging being neces.sary ; and
I have since been shown remarkable results there-
from by Mr. Judd and others. This applies more
particularly to light soils. If, therefore, it suits
Cabbages it will also suit Cauliflowers and Broccoli.
It may be taken for granted that where cultural
skill has failed the cause of failure may not infre-
quently be traced to cold, waterlogged subsoils, to
remedy which thorough drainage of the soil is
required to warm the soil and fit it for this and other
half-hardy crops of vegetables. William Earley, Iff ord.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

JtJKE 28. — The meetings of the committees were
held as usual in the conservatory at South Kensington,
the occasion being well utilised by some noted
growers of hardy plants near town to bring before
the visitors very full displays of what is best worthy
of notice. These flowers — mostly cut — gave just that
touch of colour to the evergreens of the conservatory
which was needed; and the visitors, attracted doubt-
less in many instances by a curiosity as to the affairs
of the Society that were known to be under discussion
were more numerous than they have been on some
former occasions during the present year.

The duties of the Fruit Committee 'vere particularly
light, some Strawberries and Apples being the only
objects requiring their attention.

Scientific Committee .

Present: Dr.M.T. Masters in the chair ; Present:
Mr. Pascoe, Mr. McLachlan, Mr. O'Brien, Mr.
Ridley, Dr. Lowe, Mr. Lynch, Colonel Clarke, and
Kev. G. Henslow, Hon. Sec.

Loniccra pubescent, hi/b, — Colonel Clarke exhibited
sprays of a hybrid raised between this species and
L. italica. The plant possesses the perfoliate foliage
of the latter, the male parent, as well as the
climbing habit and scent. It has small yellowish
flowers.

BulbophjUum barhigeriim. — This Orchid, like B.
Calamarii, is remarkable for the peculiarity of having
an oscillating labellum covered with fine slender
gland-tipped hairs, which perhaps act as a kind
of sweep net for flies. Kemarklng on the me-
chanical movements of the labella of Orchids, Mr.
O'Brien called attention to the interesting fact that
he had more than once observed a spontaneous
movement in the " tails "' of Masdevallia corniculata.
On watching them closely they moved backward and
forward slowly, but occasionally with a jerk. This
peculiarity does not appear to have been previously
noticed.

Masdevallia Simula.— 'Sir. O'Brien alluded to a
plant of this minutely flowered Orchid, as also to
specimens of Catasetum atratum.

Liquidamhar sft/raa'Jliia. — Dr. Lowe called atten-
tion to the rarity of this plant in modern gardens,
although it was frequently grown in old ones. He
exhibited a branch from an old garden at Putney
adjoining another in which was a Thorn said to have
been planted by Oliver Cromwell.

Hclickrysum {Swammcrdamia) antcnnaria. — A
shrub with snow-white masses of small flowers, was
also sent by Miss Owen.

Monstrous Floiucrs. — Double forms of Silene inflata,
and Paionia prolifera superba, with floral bud issuing
from the open carpels, exhibited by Mr. Ware; and
a semi-double Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum occur-
ring wild, from Jlr. Saltmarsh. In this form the
additional ligulate florets were very narrow, resem-
bling Japanese forms of Chrysanthemum. Dr.
Masters observed that it was known to occur much
more " double " than in the present form, and Mr.
Lynch had seen it with all the florets "tubular," i.e.,
in the " quilled " form.

Liliicm bulhiferum. — Miss Owen sent flowers with
anthers malformed. It was suggested by the Secre-
tary that it might be due to enlargement of the aerial
bulbs (none of which were sent), as he had known
cases where hypertrophy of the bulbs caused com-
plete atrophy of the flowers.

Miltotna vcxillaria, exhibited by Mr. Hollington,
showed the peculiarity of the markings (the so-called
insect " path-flnders ") of the labellum repeated in
various degrees upon the sepals and petals. This
was, however, not coupled with any attempt at a
pelorian condition of the flower. A Botanical
Certiflcate was awarded the exhibitor.

Cattleya Wagneri. — Mr. Smee exhibited a blossom
in which the median sepal was adherent to the
column of the flower.

Aceras anthropophora. — Mr. Ridley exhibited mal-
formed specimens, which he undertook to examine,
and report upon at a future meeting.

Plants Exhibited. — From Mr. Veitch came Stvrax
japonica and the Japanese Syringa, the former being
a very free-flowering shrub, with white, scented
flowers. Mr. Lynch showed the following from the
Cambridge Botanic Gardens: — Polemonium flavum,
Cecropia stapeliaBformis, with a long, tubular,
slender-rayed and spotted corolla ; Helianthus
occidentalis, Melia Azedarach, Cerasus virginiana,
Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, in fruit ; Echeandra
eleutherandra, Dichapogon strictus, Hymenocallis
HaiTisianus, with very slender perianth leaves and
reduced corona ; Fontanesia californica, a free-
flowering shrub, with minute flowers. A vote of
thanks and a Botanical Certificate for the last-
mentioned plant, were unanimously awarded to Mr.
Lynch for his interesting exhibits.

Floral Committee.

Present : Shirley Hibberd, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. W. Wilks, J. Walker, H. Herbst. H. M.
Lowe, R. Dean, C. Noble, C. Pilcher, J. Dominy,
H. M. Pollett, J.O'Brien, T. Baines, E. Hill. H.
Turner, J, Douglas, G. Paul, H. Bennett, W. Gold-

ring, J. Hudson, Dr. M. T. Masters, and A. F.
Lendy.

Quite a large number of Orchids, many of them
consisting of scarce or rare species, came from Sir
Trevor Lawrence's garden, Burford Lodge, Dorking.
The vigour and health of these speak much for
Mr. Bickerstatfe's skill and knowedge. A plant of the
remarkable Bulbophyllum barbigerum, from Sierra
Leone, was shown, carrying a spike of flowers, only
one of which was expanded ; the lip, which is of long
narrow form, is furnished with rows of whitish hairs
at the sides, and a tuft of purplish hairs, exceedingly
flne, at the tip. The least movement of the air
causes a corresponding motion in the pivotted lip.
A number of beautiful forms of Masdevallias were
shown, the majority being remarkable for the
size of the plants and flowers, and the number of
the latter. We may mention M. Harryana, Bull's
blood, the original* plant ; M. H. purpurea, M. H.
regalis, and M. H. sanguinea, a large, with many
of its brilliant blooms ; Restrepia elegans, with
a few flowers open, the golden lip, with its minute
spots of purplish-brown, being the remarkable and
almost visible part of the flower ; Aerides Godefroyrc,
a good-sized raceme of flowers, rose-purple and
white; Galeandra dives, the white throat contrasting
with the primrose-yellow of the outside ; Oncidium
Karwinskyi, syn. 0. maculatura ; Coelogyne Schil-
leriana. having greenish-yellow sepals and petals, and
oval, primrose-coloured lip, with wings of purple and
throat of white : the lip has a triangular design
in brown dots at the base ; Lycaste Deppei puncta-
tissima, with pale rose-coloured sepals : the lip is
yellow with crimson dots. There were several flne
Cypripediums, as C. Swanianum. C. caudatum, a well
furnished plant ; a magnificent plant of C. super-
ciiiare, robust, with fine well developed slippers ; C.
Hookera3, remarkable for its rosy-purple petals ;
Cattleya glgas Sanderiana, showing the splendid lip
of this variety in its best form ; Phaljcnopsis Jlariaj ;
Pleurothallius sp., a small chocolate-brown flower ;
Galeandra nivalis, an epiphytal species of great
rarity, jjroducing racemes of flowers about 2 inches
in length, with narrow reflexed sepals and petals of
olive colour : the lip is expanded and marked with a
violet coloured blotch. F. G. Tautz, Esq., Studley
House, Shepherd's Bush (gr., Mr. Cowley), exhibited
the remarkably pale coloured Cattleya labiata leuco-
phlaja ; the flowers have the palest lilac hue on sepals
and petals, the lip being pale purple — a set of tints
to most observers distasteful ; Aerides Leonis, a plant
bearing a single spike; andPhal^nopsisMariie. A well
grown plant of Miltonia vexillaria regina came from
T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate
(gr., Mr. Ridout) ; the plant had two spikes of bright
rose coloured flowers. Xevile Wyatt, Esq., Lake
House, Cheltenham (gr., Mr. Simcoe), exhibited a
plant of Cattleya gigas of fine proportions, bearing
on its four spikes twenty-six gigantic blooms, one
spike bearing no fewer than nine flowers. (A
Bronze Banksian Medal.) An Odontoglossum
crispum from F. Wigan, Esq., Clare Lawn, East
Sheen (gr., Mr. D. East), was remarkable for the
size and substance of its flowers. Dendrobium poly-
phlebium was likewise brought from the same collec-
tion. Miltonia vexillaria, HoUington's variety, was
shown by A. J. Hollington, Esq, Forty Hill, Enfield,
(gr., Mr. Ayling) . It is a large pale rose-coloured form .
Miitonia vexillaria, Page's variety ,was shown by
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea ; the white lip is
of the normal size, but the upper parts of the flower
are reduced to half the usual dimensions, and are of a
light rose tint, denser towards the base.

Miscellaneous. — The last-named firm exhibited
Syringa japonica, a hardy shrub furnished with dense
plumes of small creamy-white flowers : flowering
shoots of Andromeda speciosa pulverulenta, copiously
hung with Lily of the Valley-like bells ; and shoots
of Styrax japonica, loaded with pretty flowers of
snowy whiteness. Some tuberous Begonias came
from 0. P. Hodges, Esq., Lachine, Chislehurst —
Gaston Wirix, semi-double, white, and Gilbert, a
double-flowered scarlet, of good quality. The hand-
some hardy Acacia Decaisneana was shown in cut
branches, loaded with its pink and white ra-
cemes. It was shown by Mr. C. Noble, Bagshot.
Several baskets of Carnations came from Mr. H. B.
May, Dyson's Nursery, Upper Edmonton ; these con-
sisted of Miss Joliffe ; the old crimson Clove ; Dr.
Raymond, like this in colour ; Mdlle. Carle, a good
white flower ; and Belle Halliday, a sulphur-coloured
regular flower. Mr. J. Douglas, Great Gearies. Ilford,
exhibited a Picotee of his raising — Agnes Chauiber,
pink, edged yellow ; and Almira, a yellow Carnation,
flaked rose, full, regular, large in each instance.
Mr. H. Bennett, Rose grower, Shepperton, exhibited

24

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 2, 1887.

Pedigree seedling Tea IJose Priacess Beatrice, a well-
perfuraed creamy-white flower, witli salmon-buff
centre ; P. S. T. William Francis Bennett, crimson,
half-double, but very pleasing in the filbert-shaped
bud ; and P. S. T. Cleopatra, a flesh-pink flower, full,
large, but most pleasing in the bud stage. The now
■well known so-called Shirley Pojipies, very bright
and frail, came from Kev. W. Wilks, Shirley Vicarage ;
several improved forms of Dianthus plumosus came
from Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, as did two hybrids of
Chrysanthemum coronarium.

Groups. — That of Messrs. Kelway & Sons, Lang-
port, Somerset, consisted mainly of herbaceous
PiBonies. Delphiniums, and Gaillardias, amongst the
former Glory of Somerset, a large, full pink, obtained
a certificate, but others of merit were nivalis, a white,
with thread-like inner petals ; Empress Queen,
white and faint rose, and Cabrera, a deep purplish-
crimson. The best Delphininms were Charmont, dark
metallic blue ; Britannia, of a Gentian blue, with white
petals at the centre; Cleobula, of cccrulean blue;
Cherub, single,pale blue ; Dromio,bright blueand white.
In Gaillardias we may name Vivian Grey, a bright
yellow, single ; Diana, scarlet and yellow ; Galopin,
like the earlier G. Laurenziana. A boxful of Iris
Kaempferi were likewise shown. (Bronze Bjinksian
Medal.) JNIessrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt,
showed well in hardy plants, their group comprising
Lilies, several fine Delphiniums, Geum coccineum
fl.-pl., a number of excellent varieties of herbaceous
Pseonies, Phlox ovata. Lychnis viscaria splendens
plena, Pentstemon pubescens, Orobus lath)Toides,
with deep blue spikes of flowers; Vilmorins strain
of Poppies, &c. Rose Lady Alice, H.P., tender
pink inner petals, and outer ones white, very full,
like Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, from which it is a
sport, came from this nursery. (Silver Banksian
Medal.) Mr. T. Ware, Tottenham, had by far the
handsomest gi'oup of hardy flowers, too numerous
in varieties for us to do more tlian dip here
and there. Heuchera sauguinea has slender flowers,
on long footstalks, scarlet — fine for clumps or as
cut blooms ; Martagon Lilies, amongst them
L. M. album ; Primula capitata crispa, a round com-
pact truss, of the darkest blue colour, the leaves
laciniated and crisped at the edge, and very mealy
beneath ; Lathyrus grandiflorus, an im})roved Ever-
lasting Pea : Ornithogalum aureum lacteum, many
varieties of Gaillardia picta Diana — Seedling No.
2 and Adonis being distinct ones. The variety of
Lilium pomponium is an improvement on , the
usual form seen in gardens, the flowers being
brighter and larger. (Silver Banksian Medal.)
The group of hardy plants from the nursery
of Messrs. Barr & Son consisted of Pajonies,
Spanish Iris, Iceland Poppies, Liliums of many
kinds. Ranunculus flowers, now so rarely seen,
Ornithogalum hyacintha lactea, a telling flower with
long erect spikes of white flowers, &c. (A Bronze
Medal.)

FiEST-CLASs Certificates.

To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Heuchera sanguinea.

To Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P., for Cypripedium
superciliare.

To Messrs. Paul & Son, for Rose H.P. "Lady
Alice."

To F. G. Tautz, Esq., for Cattleya labiata
leucophliea.

To F. G. Tautz, Esq., for Aerides expansum
Leonis.

To Messrs. .J. Veitch & Son, for Syringa japonica.

To Messrs. Kelway & Son, for Gaillardia " Vivian
Grey."

To Messrs. Kelway & Son, for Pseony " Glory of
Somerset."

To Messrs, Kelway & Son, for Delphinium
" Britannia."

To Messrs. Kelway & Son, for Delphinium
" Charmont,"

To Messrs. Saltmarsh & Son, for Chrysanthemum
Leucanthemum, semi-duplex.

To Mr. H. Bennett, for Rose (Tea) " Cleopatra."

CuLTDnAL Commendation".
To Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P., for a group of
Orchids.

To Mr. Ridout, for Miltonia vexiU.aria " Regina."

Fruit Committee.

Present: H. Veitch, Esq., in the chair; and
Messrs. .J. Lee, .J. Fitt, J. Woodbridge, G. T. Miles,
W. Warren, J. Burnett, G. Norman, W. Paul, ,1.
Smith, T, .T. Saltmarsh, T. B. Haywood, Harrison
Weir, P. Crowley, and R. D. Blackmore.

Mr. John Watkins, Pomona r.arm, Withington,
Herefordshire, showed twelve varieties of Apples,
season 18S6, some ol them in fairly good condition
as regarded appearance.

Mr. Clarke, fruit grower, Twickenham, received a
Cultural Commendation for some punnets of Straw-
berry Pauline, a sightly fruit of bright crimson, with
the seeds not prominent ; it is not too handsome in
shape, but it is six days earlier than President,
grown out-of-doors, as these were.

Mr. Goodacre, gr., Eh'aston Castle, showed Rock-
ferry Black Hamburgh ; it is stated to be fourteen
days earlier than the ordinary Il.amburgh, makes
well-shouldered bunches, as had the one shown, and
retains its colour well after being cut and stored ;
Lockington Hall Muscat is an early form of the
Muscat of Alexandria, and is identical with it iu
colour, form, and size of berry.

Special Prizes.

Messrs. Carter & Co., for Melon Blenheim Orange :
—1st, Mr. T. Lockie, The Gardens, Oakley Court,
Windsor; 2nd, Mr. H. W. Ward. The Gardens,
Longford Castle, Salisbury ; 3rd, Mr. C. J. Waite,
Glenhurst Gardens, Esher.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons, for best brace of Melons :
— 1st, Mr. .7. H. Goodacre, Elvaston Castle Gardens,
Derby; 2nd. Mr. C. .1. Waite; 3rd, Mi. T. Lockie.

Messrs. Webb & Sons, for Brace of Melons : — 1st,
Mr. .J. H. Goodacre ; 2nd, Mr. T. Lockie.

None of the Melons could be called first-class as
to flavour, and some seemed scarcely to be true to
name.

Brace of Carter's Model Cucumber ; — 1st, Mr. T.
Lockie ; 2nd, Mr. C. J. Waite ; 3rd, Mr. G. Collins,
gr. to J. A. Rose, Esq., Wandsworth Common, S.W.
Capital samples every one.

THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVO-
LENT INSTITUTION.

The forty-fourth anniversary festival of the above
Institution was held at the " Albion," Aldersgate
Street, on Wednesday last, Bjiron Ferdinand de
Rothschild, M.P., in the chair. After the usual loyal
toasts had been duly honoured, the Chairman said he
had to propose " Success and Prosperity to the Gar-
deners' Royal Benevolent Institution." and said
that certainly there was no Institution which could
appeal more fully to their sympathy and support
than this. From time immemorial gardening had
been the object and occupation of the human race.
Horticulture and gardening, however, could not
exist without gardeners. It was not right, therefore,
that those who derived gratification from their
gardens, should forget the gardeners to whom
they owed so much. The majority of gardeners
no doubt relied and depended on their salaries,
but they were all subject to the ills that flesh
is heir to, and, like many other professional men,
gardeners often found themselves, owing to mis-
fortune, in dire distress, and it was for the
benefit of those who had assisted so much
in developing the pleasure and joys of their lives
that they were met there to afibrd assistance in time
of need. He had great pleasure in announcing that
the Institution was in a flourishing condition. Last
year's income from annual subscriptions amounted
to £1350. There was not a single class of Her
Majesty's subjects which had not received some
kindly treatment on the present glorious and auspi-
cious occasion, and the gardeners were not to lie
left out in the cold? It had been wisely thought
that they should provide a .Jubilee bonus for the
unsuccessful candidates at the late election and to
all the pensioners. They wanted, for this purpose,
something like £1200, and although they had got
some portion of this, they had not got the whole,
but he hoped during the evening to be able to
announce that they had made up the amount neces-
sary for providing this .Jubilee grant.

After some general remarks on the progress made
by the Institution from its commencement, the
Chairman expressed a hope that the liberality of
those present that evening would enable them to
extend the number of pensioners.

Mr. Harry Veitch, as Treasurer of the Institution
begged to thank the subscribers generally for the
generous way in which they had supported it during
the past year. He hoped that the result of their
liberal contributious that evening would enable them
to elect the eleven applicants whom they had not
been able to elect up to the present. It should not
be forgotten that nothing was paid in the shape of
commission on the money collected, which was so

often done in other Institutions of the kind : they
had no payments to make beyond that to the
Secretary.

Sir Robert Peel then proposed the health of the
Chairman, thanking him especially for the excellent
speech he had made on behalf of the Institution.

The Secretary announced that they had received
subscriptions amounting to £1450, one very pleasing
circumstance being that £750 of that amount had
come from the gardeners themselves.

The following gentlemen were among those
present : — John Lee, Father of the Institution ;
Harry J. Veitch, Esq., Treasurer; Sir Robfrt Peel,
Bart., Christopher Sykes, Esq., M.P., Major G.
Lambert, Prime Warden, Goldsmith's Company ;
Major Russell Gole, Maxwell T. Masters, Esq., M.D.,
Herbert J. Adams, Esq., B. S. Williams, Esq., Shirley
Hibberd, Esq., N. N. Sherwood, Esq., The Hon. Mr.
Leveen, Sydney; George Anderson, Esq., Sydney;
J. F. Meston, Esq., W. J. Nutting, Esq., F. G. Ivey,
Esq., -John Laing, Esq., W. T. Baker, Esq., .John R.
Bourne, Esq., Thomas F. Peacock, Esq., Solicitor
to the Institution ; William Houghton, Esq. ; George
Monro, Esq., Arnold Moss, Esq. (Wrench & Sons),
George Deal, Esq., Arthur Covell, Esq., F. W. Foord,
Esq., T. A. Dickson, Esq,, &c.

ROYAL OXFORDSHIRE HORTICUL-
TURAL.

JoNE 21. — This exhibition, which always forms a
part of the programme of the Commemoration Week
at Cxford, was held in the beautiful grounds of St.
John's College. The grounds are about 5 acres in
extent ; they have some fine trees, and are well
adapted for a site of a horticultural exhibition.

Three spacious tents were required to take the
exhibits, and certain prizes were open to all England.
These included nine stove and gi-eenhouse plants in
flower, and here Mr. .James Cypher, Cheltenham,
added one more triumph to his already long list,
jnitting up an excellent group, consisting of Ixora
Pilgrirai. I. Williamsi, A]ihelexis macrantha pur-
purea. Erica tricolor AVilsoni, E. depressa, Clero-
dendron Balfourianum, Bougainvillea glabra, and
Anthurium Scherzerianum 'Wardii. 2nd, Mr. H.
James, Castle Nursery, Lower Norwood, who had a
magnificent Erica Cavendishiana, E. Massoni major,
Darwinia fuchsioides, Anthurium Scherzerianum, and
Stephanotis floribunda. Mr. W. Chapman, gr. to
J. Spode, Esq., Hawksyard Park, Rugeley, set up a
fine gi'oup of stove and greenhouse plants, in-
cluding some very fine Ericas, not for competi-
tion, to which an extra prize was awarded. M"-.
Cypher had the best six Cape Heaths — a very
good lot. Show Pelargoniums were also invited
in groups of twelve, and Mr. C. Turner, Royal
Nursery, Slough, put up a fine lot, including
striking specimens of The Baron, Edward Perkins,
Confessor, Amethyst, finely coloured ; Mr. .J. Hayes,
Gold Mine, Sister of Mercy, Despot, and Comtesse
de Choisseul. 2nd, the Rev. the Warden of Wadham
College, with a very creditable lot. Mr, Turner was
the only exhibitor of twelve fancy Pelargoniums,
having some charming specimens of Queen of the
Hellenes, Ellen Beck, The Shah, Mrs. Langtry,
Nelly Fordham, Sims Reeves, &c.

Mr. George Prince, Market Street, Oxford,
had the best twenty-four Roses in triplets, staging
delightful flowers of Jean Ducher, Souvenir de
Therese, Levet, Rubens. Anna Olivier, Lady Mary
Fitzwilliam, Violette Bruyere, Perle des .Jardins,
Francois Kruger, Alba rosea, Madame de Walter-
ville, Madame Cusin, and Catherine Mermet.

The best three pieces for table decoration came
from Mr. .John Matlock, nurseryman, Headington.

The Rev. H. A. Pickard, Avondale, Canterbury
Road, had the best hand bouquet.

Spechiieii Plants. — In the classes for members, the
best specimen stove plants was Bougainvillea glabra,
from Mr. Thomas Arnall, Headington Hill ; a good
plant of Taberntcmontana coron.aria fl,-pl., but with-
out the exhibitor's name attaclied. The best speci-
men greenhouse plant was a wonderfully fine plant
of Ivy-lcaved Pelargonium iNIadame Crousse, trained
cone-shaped, shown by Mr, Matlock; C. D. Ball,
Esq., The Limes, Witney, being 2nd. with an excel-
lent tuberous-rooted Begonia. Mr. G. Jacob, Mill
Lane Nursery, Witney, had the best specimen stove
plant, staging a fine piece of Encephalartos villosus ;
Mr. Arnall being 2nd, witli Latania borbonica.
Specimen hardy plants were also well shown ; Pyre-
thrums, Lilium auratum, and Hydrangea hortensis
variegata being the best subjects.

Miscellaneous Flowerinr/ Plants. — These included

Jm-T 2, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

25

Gloxinias, Achimenes, Calceolarias, and bedding
Pelargoniums, some good tricolor varieties, and Ivy-
leaved types being well shown. Fuchsias were a
good feature ; Mr. John Walker, nurseryman, Thame,
wa« 1st, with six well grown and flowered plants ; Mr.
M. Jefferies, nurseryman, Summerton, being a good
2nd. They were shown in threes. Tuberous-rooted
Begonias were a good feature also — Mr. Richard
Price, Headington, being a good 1st. A First-class
Certificate of Merit was awarded to Mr. C. Turner,
Koyal Nursery, Slough, for fancy Pelargonium Am-
bassadress, shown in excellent condition.

Foliaged Plants. — These were confined to Ferns,
both exotic and hardy, and while both were in good
condition, the last-named were especially fresh and
bright, and composed of good species and varieties.

Cut Flowers. — The interest centered greatly in tlie
competition for the Veitch Memorial Frizes for
twenty-four Roses, distinct varieties. The medal
and the handsome 1st prize were won by Dr.
Bywater "Ward, Warneford Asylum, with a nice,
fresh, bright lot of flowers, including Devoniensis,
Thomas Mills, Marguerite Gibot, La France,
Etoile de Lyon, Madame Bravy, General Jack,
Charles Lefebvre, Innocenta Pirola, &c. Mr. Geo.
Prince ofl*ered special prizes of eighteen distinct
Tea Roses arranged in an epergne, and here
Miss Watson Taylor was 1st. Special prizes were
also ofi'ered for eighteen hand bouquets, Mr. Matlock
being 1st. Cut flowers in bunches, buttonholes,
zonal Pelargoniums, Ranunculus, Roses in smaller
classes, Pinks, Pansies, and Pyrethrums, and various
hardy perennials were also present.

Fruit. — This department was somewhat limited in
quantity. The best three bunches of white Grapes
came from Mr, G. Parker, The Gardens, Great Tew,
who had Duke of Buccleuch ; C. W. Harcourt, Esq.,
Nuneham Park, being 2nd, with Foster's Seedling.
Mr. Parker had the best three bunches of black
Grapes, having good Black Hamburgh ; E. W. Har-
court, Esq., being 2nd, with the same. The best
Peaches were Royal George and Grosse Mignonne ;
the best Nectarines, Stanwick Elruge and Newing-
ton ; good British Queen, and Sir J. Paxton Straw-
berries were also shown. Messrs. Sutton & Sons'
special prizes for the best fruit of a Melon sent out
by them resulted in Mr. Robins, gr. to E. D. Lee,
Esq., Hartnell Park, Aylesbury, being placed 1st,
with Invincible, scarlet-flesh ; Mr. J. Gough, gr. to
Sir W. Throckmorton, Buckland Park, Faringdon,
being 2nd, with Hero of Lockinge.

I'egetabhs. — These were numerously shown, and in
fairly good condition. Messrs. Sutton & Son's
special prizes for a brace of their Cucumbers brought
five competitors ; F. Rymer Hall, Esq.. Summerhill
Villa, Oxford, being 1st, with Puriey Park ; Mr. G.
Pearce, gr. to C. A. Hanlev, Esq., The Mount,
Oxford, being 2nd, with Improved Telegraph.
Messrs. Webb & Son, seed merchants, Stourbridge,
also ofi'ered special prizes for the best six dishes of
vegetables, and their prizes were well competed for.
Mr. H. Wingrove, gr. to R. N. Byass, Esq., Rousham
Park, Oxford, was 1st. Messrs. W. Wood & Son,
Wood Green, and W. Colchester, Ipswich, ofi'ered
special prizes for subjects grown by their manures.

RICHMOND HOBTICULTUBAL.

June 29. — The annual summer exhibition of this
popular suburban Society was held in the old Deer
Park in delightful weather, the strong force of the
sun being toned by thin clouds. In spite of this
fact, however, and the attractions of a good show
with plenty ot music, the attendance was hardly up
to the average, the Jubilee rejoicings of the previous
week having to some extent anticipated the Society's
attractions. A splendid collection of hardy orna-
mental foliage trees and shrubs came from Messrs.
C. Lee & Sons, Hammersmith ; a nice gi'oup of plants
from Messrs. Jackson & Son, Kingston, including
numerous capital Ericas ; a group of Messrs. Laing
& Son's grand Begonias, single and double, inter-
mixed with good foliaged plants ; also a brilliant
collection of Orchids sent by Mr. H. Little, of St.
Margarets, full of grace and beauty. Of competitive
groups, the best, covering 100 feet, came from Messrs.
Hooper & Co., Twickenham, Mr. A. Brown, of Rich-
mond, and Mr. James, of Norwood. These were all
good, the first-named one exceptionally so, being in
Mr. Bruckhaus' best style. It also received one of
the special Jubilee Medals. A large number of other
groups were also shown, of the usual type.

Orchids in competition were unusually fine, Mr,
H. Little coming 1st with a big tub of Cattleya
Mendelii, and a good plant of C. Sanderi ; also

Lselia purpurata, Miltonia vexillaria, a big pan of
Cypripedium barbatum grandiflorum, and Cattleya
imbricata, a by no means striking form ; this col-
lection also received a Jubilee Medal. Mr. H.
James was 2nd, having Cattleya Mendelii, Brassia
verrucosa, Epidendrum bellinum majus, &c., all
good pieces.

Stove and greenhouse plants in flower were not
good, the best six, in the estimation of the judges —
presumably, because including a veritable giant of an
Erica Cavendishii, some 6 feet through — came from
Mr. James, but his other plants were not strong.
Messrs. Jackson & Son had six nice even plants,
including Pimelea diosmaifolia, Darwinia fuch-
sioides, the pretty Boronia elatior, &c. ; and in
another class, Mr. Bates, gr. to Mrs. Meek,
Poulett Lodge, Twickenham, was an easy 1st,
with six plants, including good AUamanda
Hendersonii, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Den-
drobium uobile, BougainviUea glabra, &c. This
collection also obtained a Jubilee Medal. The best
specimen plant was a big Darwinia fuchsioides from
Mr. James ; a small Erica Cavendishii and a gigantic
white Marguerite, grandly flowered, coming 2nd and
3rd. Ornamental foliage-plants. Ferns, Palms,
Coleus, &c., were so strong in numbers as to be the
weak point of the show : they were repeated ad
nauseam, no one caring for them ; we dismiss them
as curtlv. On the other hand. Pelargoniums were
in unusually fine form, the six shows from Mr.
Turner, of Slough, maintaining the old Slough
traditions, the plants being some 3 feet through,
grandly flowered, and the blooms showing all that
beautiful finish whicli Slough is so famous for.
The kinds were — Emperor, Prince Leopold, Sister
of Mercy, Gold Mine, Incomparable, and Lady
of the Lake. Mr. Little came 2nd, with
even more profusely bloomed plants, but lacking
quality ; two of these were seedlings, with Dorothy
Shackle, Lady Isabel, Triomphe de St. Maude,
Comtesse de Choiseul, and Dr. Diamond. In the
fincy class, Mr. Little took 1st place, with good-sized
plants, profusely bloomed ; Mr. Turner coming next
with smaller but more perfect plants, and showing
better quality of flower.

Zonal Pelargoniums were also in strong force, Mr.
Little having the best six plants. In another class
the same exhibitor was 1st for a gsoup of show
Pelargoniums in small pots, making a gay collection.
Fuchsias were of moderate quality, and far below
the usual Richmond standard.

The best si.x Begonias came from Mr. Little —
reallv first-class specimens ; and Mr. Waite, gr. to
the Hon. Colonel Talbot, Esher, had it all his own
way in two classes for nine Gloxinias, having superb
plants, finely flowered, and of good quality.

Cut fiowers were in strong force, fine collections of
hardy flowers coming from Messrs. Collins & Gabriel.
Capital Roses from Messrs. Lee & Sons, and from
Mr. H. Bennett, of Shepperton, the latter having
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam in grand form, and good
flowers of Princess Beatrice, W. F. Bennett, &c. Mr.
W. Taylor, of Hampton, also showed cut Roses. In
the competitive classes Messrs. Paul & Son,
Cheshunt, were 1st in the class for thirty trebles,
being closelv run by Mr. Turner, all the flowers
being fresh' and pleasing. Amongst them were
Madame Gabriel Luizet, Alphonse Soupert, Fran-
<;ois Levet, Dr. Andry, Duke of Edinburgh, Sunset,
Madame Lacharme, Marie Kady, Captain Christy,
Violette Bowyer, Marie Baum.ann, &c. In the open
class for twenty-four trebles these competitors occu-
pied the same position, although we tliought the
places should have been reversed. Here again
the flowers were fresh and very beautiful. In the
amateurs' class Mr. T. N. Girdlestone, Sunningdale,
and Mr. R. West, Reigate, had the best boxes. Local
flowers were shown largely, but call for no remark.
Bouquets were good, Mrs. 11. B. Smith, of Ealing,
showing some in mauve and bro\VTi and scarlet and
brown, with other curious combinations. Mr. Chard,
of Stoke Newington, and Mr. Perkins, of Coventry,
had the best bouquets in one class ; and in another,
with their positions reversed, had the best again.
Table decorations were of the usual order, a few
stands being good, many indifferent, and some set
tables for ten persons were by no means worth the
good prizes ofi'ered.

Fruit was generally excellent, the best six dishes
coming from Mr. Cakebread, gr. to Sir P. Rose,
Penn, who had white and black Grapes, and superb
Peaches, Nectarines, &c. The best three bunches
of black Grapes — really superb Black Hamburghs —
came from Mr. Osman, Ottershaw Gardens. Chertsey,
who also had the best whites in Buckland Sweetwater.
In other classes Mr. Bates had the best blacks with

neat Alicante, and of whites good Foster's Seedlings.
Other fruits were excellent, and from Mr. Rivers,
Sawbridgeworth, came a beautiful collection of
twenty dishes of Peaches, Nectarines, Cherries, &c.,
worthy of all admiration. Mr. Waite had the best
Tomatos in Sutton's Perfection, and his 1st prize
coUectionsof vegetables— twelve, eight, and six dishes
respectively — the two latter for prizes offered by
Messrs. Carter & Co. and Messrs. Sutton & Sons,
were truly first-rate, and commanded the warmest
praise.

AGRI-HORTICULTURAL ANB INDUS-
TRIAL SOCIETY, KANDY.

The exhibition of this Society was held on May
6 and 7, in a large and spacious building erected upon
the esplanade, and reflected great credit on the de-
signer. Major Byrde. His Excellency the Governor
and Lady Gordon, with aides-de-camp, did not come
until the second day, when they were conducted by
the Hon. W. E. Sharp, Dr. Trimen, and other mem-
bers of the committee through the exhibition, and at
4.30 P.M. Lady Gordon gave away the prizes—gold,
silver, and bronze medals— to the successful exhibitors.

Garden perennials, in pots, were fairly repre-
sented, with some fine exhibits from one of our best
growers, Mr. J. "V. H. Owen, who brought nothing but
perfect plants, showing Gloxinias, Pelargoniums,
Fuchsias, and Lilium auratum. Mrs. Baker and Mr.
Thwaites, Newera EUiya, tabled several choice plants,
and the large collections of Begonias sent by Messrs.
Pate and Jonklaas, added much to this class.

Garden annuals were mostly poorly represented,
with the exception of some good plants of Violets
and Cinerarias, from Mrs. Baker, Messrs. Whyte, &c.

Ferns.— In an island with such a heavy r.ainfall
and plenteous dews, it cannot be a surprise that Ferns,
luxuriate in their full verdure, and the plants ex-
hibited were splendid, witli many grand and r.are
varieties. The chief awards were honestly carried
oir by Mr. Pate, Colombo, and a fine young lot
of Adiantums were shown by Mr. A. R. Lewis,
which will in another year be hard to equal.

Cut Flowers were splendidly shown and in fine
variety, the Roses from Mr. Tabor and Mr. Hadden
were lovely, also the exhibits from Mrs. Baker, Mr.
Thwaites, and Dr. Livera. Mr. Owen was in the
front rank with a good collection grown from
" Carter's seeds " ; and Mr. Huxley fully represented
due justice to Cannell & Sons' choice flowers. Bou-
quets were fine and largely exhibited. Two fine
boxes of splendid flowers were sent, for exhibition
only, by Mr. Nock, Hakgalda, and would have done
credit to the grower in London or Edinburgh.

Vegctahles. — There are few places in the East
can i-ival this little island for vegetables, but the
display on this occasion was anything but creditable
as regards the entries. Mr. Knight, Messrs. Whyte
and Young had collections of good marketable stuft".

Fruit. — Owing to pilfering on the railway Mr.
Cotton's fine fruit was never seen, which was
much to be regretted, for his Apples, Plums, and
Peaches. &c., are a great feature in showing off this
class. The entries for native fruits was fairly good.

Preserved Fruits, cj'c.— It is the first time this class
was placed in the catalogue, and it will require
some time before the slow oriental intellect becomes
educated to the preserving process.

Natioe Products were numerously entered, and
some fine collections of Paddy and other small gi-ains,
with fine Areca-nuts and Cocoa-nuts.

Estate Products. — It was much to be regretted that
one of the most important classes should have been
represented by only a few miserable samples of our
great world-famed products. Still, there are reasons
for the lack of competitors, owing to some difi'erence
of opinion with regard to the postponement of the ex-
hibition. Cardamoms were a good competition, also
some fine Cinchona barks. It was very gratifying
to find that Mr. Barber's Teas still hold their own
again, and were honoured with the Gold Medal.
Vanilla, indiarubber, cinnamon, tobacco, cigars, and
very fine samples of Annatto dye, were exhibited.
Tea machinery was confined to three exhibits, the
principal set being Jackson's machines. A new tea
grader was shown for the first time by Captain
Williams. Some fine cattle added an interesting
part to the show, and the Kandian villager with his
bufialo oiled up for the occasion afibrded consider-
able amusement. A few good pens of poultry, and
the wild animals exhibited by Mr. Waller, were great
attractions.

Arts, 4-c. — This class was adorned with many fine
articles of splendid taste and workmanship, the gold
and silver work being highly patronised by visitors.

26

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July % 1887.

The brass, ivory, wood, and pottery representing
many quaint patterns. The silver salver lent bj His
Excellency the Governor, and made by an ordinary
village silversmith, is beautiful and clear in design.
One of the special features connected with the
exhibition falls to the artistic and graceful native
decorations, which could not but please the eye of
the most fastidious. J. A.

[The schedule of the show forwarded by our cor-
respondent was full of items of interest, and showed
well how Englishmen transplant their home ideas
and English plants into distant lands. Prizes
are given — we suppose in some instances for senti-
mental reasons — to plants which would seem ill-
adapted to so warm a climate as that of Ceylon. We
noted Daisies, Pansies, and Violets amongst cut
flowers, and many kinds of vegetables that are
common at home. We strongly counsel the managers
to develope the local resources of the country, and
not try and raise bad imitations of European flowers.
Ed.]

MEAN TEMPERATrKE OBSER\'ED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE n'EEK ENDING JULY 9. (AVERAGE
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

The Weather.

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below .32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
deprees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

Accumulated.

below the

u

Jwt-s Ujt-s

Mean for

^M

S c^ aj^

the week

%,*

•o,*

ending

:;^

i!

June 27.

si

ove 42

mMea

4.

ow 42

4,

■<£ mi

Principal Wheat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day- 1 Day-

ducing Districts.

dog.

rteg.

deg. deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

2 above

96

0

-f IBoU 37

I. Scotland, E. ...

3 above

118

0

-1- 165 U- 41

2. England, N.E....

1 below

100

0

■^ 28 -1- 82

3. England, E. ...

1 below

97

0

— 78 -f 168

4. Midland Cos. ...

0 (aver.)

123

0

— 30l-f 166

5. England. S.

2 below

112

0

- n\+ 151

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

o above

133

0

-1- 97-1- 47

7. England.N.W....

3 above

130

0

-1- li:-l- 118

8. England, S.W. ...

2 above

130

0

+ a^+ 172

9. Ireland, N.

5 above

IJfi

0

-1- 176' -f- 23

10. Ireland. S. ...

6 above

138

0

(- 142 + 97

— Channel Islands

1 below

115

0

- 83+ 77

Bright

SlTNbHINE.

^

«

DlBTSIOTa.

a^-

.2^

hi

^gi

i2^'

mI

"*(=» i

z

r

S|l

|i|

Pn

ncipal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0

Scotland, N. ...

6 less

101

18.0

.■■9

25

1.

Scotland, E. ...

7 less

74

8.9

59

34

2.

England, N.E. ...

6 less

70

6.5

47

33

3.

England. E. ...

6 less

67

7.3

43

38

4.

Midland Cos. ...

6 less

65

8.0

61

34

6.

England, S.

5 less

64

8.1

52

37

Pr

Bcipal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

8.

Scotland, W. ...

6 less

79

15,6

69

36

7.

ENGLAia),N.W....

6 less

64

9.9

72

37

8

England, S.W....

7 less

67

9.0

72

45

9

Ireland, N.

7 less

74

11.4

79

37

10

Ireland, S.

6 less

65

10.9

80

44

-

Channel Islands

5 less

76

8.3

61

49

Mean for the week

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending June 27, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The urallier lias continued fine and dry in all
parts of the kingdom. Over all the more western
districts the sky was brilliantly clear, but over the
eastern counties of England rather more cloudy con-
ditions prevailed.

" The temperature has again been above the mean
over Scotland, and in all the 'Grazing' districts, but
in the eastern, central, and southern districts of
England, it has been either just equal to, or
a few degrees below, the normal value for the
time of year. The highest of the maxima, which
were recorded on somewhat irregular dates, varied
from 69° in the 'Channel Islands,' to 80° in
England, N.W,,' 86° jn the 'Hfidland Counties,'
and ' Ireland, N.,' 88° in ' Scotland, E.,' and 92°
in ' Ireland, S., (at Kilkenny). On the south
and south-eastern coasts of England the maxima
were generally low, the values on some days
being no higher than 65° to 58°. The ab-
solute minima, which were recorded at most
stations either on the 21st or 27th, were low for the
season, the readings ranging from 34° in ' England,
N.W., to 43° in 'England, S.W.,' and 45° in the
' Channel Islands.' During the early morning of the
27th, the thermometer on the grass fell to below
freezing point at some of tho southern stations.

" Rainfall has again been entirely absent from
England and Ireland, and extremely slight in
Scotland.

" Bright sunshine shows a decrease from that of last
week over the greater part of England, and an increase
in Ireland and Scotland. The percentage of the
possible amount of duration was still very high
generally, ranging from 79 to 80 in Ireland, and
from 59 to 69 in Scotland, while over England it
ranged from 43 (in ' England, E,'), to 72 (in ' England,
N.'W. and S.W.')."

SAMUEL SPALDING.— We dic-|)ly regret to have
to announce the sudden death, from heart disease, of
Mr. SiMtraL Spalding, the senior partner in the
firm of Messrs. Spalding & Hodge, which occurred
at Adelaide, on Sunday, the 19th ult.

Notices to Correspondents.

%* Correspondents will greatly oblifre by sending
early intelligence of local events likely to be of
interest to our readers, or which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.

Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters
relating to Ad\t:rtisements. or to the supply of
the Paper, should he addressed to the Purlisher,
and that all communications intended for publica-
tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming,
should be addressed to the Editor. Such com-
munications should be written on one side only
of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos-
sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should
be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the
Editor to see.

Begonia Leaves Disfigured: J. 1 .C. The leaves
were greatly infested with white thrips, and per-
haps red-spider ; syringing with tobacco-water
diluted with water will rid the foliage of the
insects.

Book on Orchids : H. C. The cheapest, and at the
same time the best at the price, is The Orchid
Manual, by B. S. Williams, Victoria Nurseries,
Upper Holloway, London, N.

Green Gooseberries : .V. No special varietv is

grown for this purpose. Crown Bob is one of the
best; varieties with upright habit of gi'owth are
preferred. A new sort, as we learn Irom Mr.
Bunyard, of Maidstone, being ten days earlier than
the older sorts, realised for the proprietor at the
rate of no less than £30() an acre. Industry is
another most prolific kind.
Insects : H. G. M. The tops of your early Potatos
are attacked by a small caterpillar, which is so
shrivelled up and dried that we cannot satisfac-
torily determine what it is. It looks like the very
young larva of one of tlie small long-horned
beetles, with which it also agrees in making bur-
rows down the stems of the plant. Please send
other living specimens to Frof. Westwood, Oxford.
/. 0. W.

Larel Rest: Storrie ^ Storrie. A useful little in-
vention, but which should be made of stronger
wire for larger labels.

Names of Plants: As the identification of plants
often demands time which cannot be spared from
other duties, correspondents whose plants are not
named in the current number are requested to
consult the one next following. — H. Syringa Josi-
kea. — J. Jtmes. Dendrobium heterocarpum philip-
pense : a very good variety of it. — E. H. I, Pyrus
aria var. ; 2, P. aria var. gneca ; 3, P. aria var. Jatifolia;
4, Crat^gus (must have flowers or fniit) ; .5, Cn-
pressusmacrocarpa; 6, Raphiolepis ovata. — Rejmh-
lican. Stanhopea tigrina ; also, 1, Trifolium incar-
natum ; 2, Lotus corniculatus ; 3. Solanum dulca-
mara.— C. W. Strickland. I, Scilla nutans; 2,
Hyacinthus dubius, and Spirica bella. — H. M. V.
Pyrus terminalis (the wild Service Tree, or
Swallow Pear. — IF. Earley. 1. Scutellaria hastata;
2, Aristolochia clematitis ; 3, A. rotunda; 4,
Serapias lingua; 5, Orchis laxiflora. — /. K. 1,
Habenaria chlorantha ; 2, Orchis apifera ; 3,
Orchis conop.sca; 4, Aira caespitosa. Pray do not
dig up any more roots ; it is too bad of you. — Miss
Owen. Allium subhirsutum and Geranium arme-
num. — Camd,en. Tamarix gallica, excellent for
seaside planting. — G. L. C. 1, Tradescantia vir-
ginica; 2, Dianthus cresius ; 3, Geranium sangni-
neum ; 4. Lychnis Flos Jovis; 5, Centranthus
ruber. — Miss D. The seed-bearing catkins of a
Poplar, probably the Canada Poplar. — J. }V. S. <f
Co. 1. Oncidium incurvum ; 2, cannot be recog-
nised, specimen too poor ; 3, Maxillana tenuifolia;
4, M. densa. — Westfield. Masdevallia Harryana. —
R. M. Dendrobium moschatum. — J. Earl. 1 and
2, varieties of Oncidium varicosum ; 3, Oncidium
raniferum ; 4, Epidendrum variegatum ; 5, Colax
viridis ; 6, Scuticaria Hadweni. — J. D. Akebia
quinata. — W?n. Cox. Periploca graica (climber),
Astrantia major.
Peach Splitting : Old Subscriber. This is usually
caused by exuberant growth, whereby the kernel
swells, cracking the stone, whicli in turn causes a
rupture of the flesh. Avoiding excessive moisture
at the root, about the stoning period, and lifting
the trees, afterwards planting near the surface of
the soil, will usually effect a cure.
Single Pyrethrums : JV. Caudwell. Bright and

showy varieties.
Small Green Caterpillar : J. W. Killing cater-
pillars is about as thankless a task as killing flies,
but you can do much good by searching for the
colonies of eggs on the under-side of Cabbage and
other leaves, when thousands may be destroyed by
squeezing them between the finger and thumb.
Powdered quicklime and soot, applied in the even-
ing, may kill the small caterpillars, and make
herbage distasteful to all.

Traps for Woodlice : C. H. Small pots, or pieces
of drain-pipe, filled with hay, to be emptied daily.

Tomato Bloom fFALLiNG off : J. Trinder. Send
specimen of bloom, and shoots to show growth,
together with particulars of cultivation followed.

Trof^olum : H. Cannell. Yes ; your blooms of
double Tropajolum of a deep brownish -red are
novel, striking, and very good of their kind.

Yellow Azaleas: W. The finest we have seen this
season is decidedly Nancy Waterer. The flowers
are large, of good substance, clear colour, and
delicious fragrance.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

G. VAN TuBERGEN, Jr.. Zwanenburg, Haarlem,
Holland — Flowering Roots (Wholesale Cata-
logue").

Jtot 2, im.]

TEE GARDENEBS' CNRONIGLE.

27

Otto Mann, Leipzig, Germany — Bulbs and Tuberous
Plants (Wholesale List).

Communications Received.— W. .t. m.— k. W. Adlam, Natal,
with photographs.— Storie&Storie.—W. K.—H.E.— Messrs.
Oakshott & Miller.— Messrs. Sutton & Sons.— A. D. W.—
R. D.— L. A. L.— E. Shooner.- G. A, Walker.— C. Wilson.—
H. E.— E. P.— H. R. : in this ease, where no principle is
involved, the law of general, not national, convenience
comes into play,— J. C. S.— J. V. V.— J. Z.—3. V. V.— J. V.
&. Sons.— T. A.— H. C— W. T— J, C— W. F., Jamaica.—
A. R., next week.

DIED, on the 23rd ult., at Longham Hall, Nor-
folk, Anne, widow of John Sutton Hastings, Esq.,
and sister of the late Dr. Lindley, in her eighty-
seventh year. Tasmanian papers, please copy.

On the 23rd ult., at Rue Sablee 6, Rouen,

Madame John Wood, iiie Isabelle Duncan, widow
of the late -John Wood, nurseryman, of that town,
aged eighty-one.

Markets.

COJ'Eyr GARDEN, June 30.

We cannot accept aiiy editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us reguhirly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day. and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken aa indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and stilt less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Heavy supplies of outdoor Strawberries to hand
this week, considerably atfecting values of hothouse
goods, especially Grapes, which are reaching us far
in excess of the demand, and are only cleared in
buyers' favour. Trade brisk. James Webber, Whole-
sale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz.
Calceolaria, duzen ...
Cinerarias, per doz...
Cyperus. per dozen .
Dracaena terminal is,

per dozen '.

— viridis, per doz

Ericj

KuonjTnus, in var.,
per dozen

per dozen

Ferns, invariety, per

Ficus elastica, each .
Foliage plants, vari-

Fuchsias, doz.

» 0-18 0 ! Heliotrope, dozen ... 4 0-08
10-90! Hydrangeas, dox. ... 9 0-12 0
i 0- 9 0 I Lilium longiflorum,

\ 0-12 0 I per dozen 24 0-36 0

Lobelias, dozen ..,4 0-6 0
) 0-60 0 Marguerite Daisy,

t 0-24 0 I per dozen 6 0-12 0

I Mignonette, doz. ... 6 0-90

; 0-30 0 I Musk, per dozen ... 3 0- 6 0

I Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0

6 0-18 0 I Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0

j Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-15 0

6 0-24 0 ] — scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

I — Ivv-leaved, doz. 4 0-60

4 0-18 0 ! Rhodanthe, dozen ... 6 0-90

1 6- 7 0 I Roses, various, per

dozen 18 0-30 0

2 0-10 0 Scented Verbena. doz. 4 0-60
4 0-12 0 I Spiraa, per dozen ... 9 0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesa:

I Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun ... ;
Anemone, 12 bun. ... ;
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. ^
Bouvardias, per bun. (
Carnations, 12 blms. (
Cornflower, 12 bun. :
Day Lily, 12 bun. ... -
Eucharis, per dozen '■.
Gardenias. 12 blooms ]
Heliotropes, 12 spr. (
Iris, various, 12 bun, t
Jasmine, white, bun. (
Lilac, 12 bunches ... ^
Lilium longiflornm,

12 blooms ;

Marguerites, per 12

bunches

Mignonette. 12 bun. 3 0- t
Myosotis, 12 bun. ... 2 0- ^
Pansies, 12 bunches 2 0- i
1, 12 spr. 0 6- ]

Pinks, coloured and
white, 12 bun. ...2 0-'

Primulas, double, 12
sprays 0 9- 1

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0- t

Koses, Tea, per doz. 0 6- '.

— coloured, dozen. 2 0- <

— red.perdozen ...06-!

— Saffrano, dozen... 1 0- '.
Spiraea, 12 bunches.. 6 0- !
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0- •
Tropaeolums, 12 bun. 1 0- :
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 1 0- ,

Vegetables— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, per doz... 4 0- ...
A-sparagus, English,

per loo 5 0- ...

Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 1 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 1 0- ...
Cauliflowers, spring,

each 0 9- ...

Celery, per bundle ,
Cucumbers, each
Endive, per dozen
Green Mint, bunch,
Herbs, per bunch ,
Leeks, per bunch ,
Lettuce, per dozen ,

16-20
0 6-10
3 0-...
0 4- ...
0 4- ...
0 3- ...
16-20

Lettuce, C-03., each... 0 2- ...

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel... 4 0- ...

Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...

Peas, per quart ... 1 6- ...

Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0-50

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50

Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ...

Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...

Spinach.perbushel... 2 0- ...

Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...

Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 6- ...

Turnips, new, bunch 0 4- ...

Potatos. — Old samples much lower ; new very plentiful from
■Terssy and Cherbourg, prices ranging from 8s. to 12.s. per cwt.

Fbuit.— Average Whole3ai.e Prices.

Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0- ;i 0
— Channel Isl., lb. 10-20
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons, eaoh ... 1 6- 4 6

Peaches, dozen ... 4 0-12 0
Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 10-16
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50
Strawberries, per lb. 0 3-10

SEEDS.

London: June )i}d. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report to-
day's market thinly attended, with almost a complete
absence of business. Just now the consumptive
sowing requirements are almost nil, whilst no specu-
lation has developed itself. New French Trifolium
promises to be cheap. There is no change to be
noted in either Mustard or Rape seed. Blue boiling
Peas sell slowly on former terms. In feeding
Linseed there is but little business doing.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
prices ot British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended June 25 ;— Wheat, 35s. Id. ; Barley, 205. Id. ;
Oats, 165. 9rf. For the corresponding week iu 1886 :
—Wheat, 31s. Id. ; Barley, 24s. \\d. ; Oats, 295. lOd.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London): June 29. ^Fairly good
supplies and trade rather slow at undermentioned
quotations: — Gooseberries, 2^. ?jd. to 2s. 9rf. per half-
sieve ; Cabbages, 2s. to 'As. Qd. per tally ; Spinach,
Is. to Is. Qd. per sieve ; Cos Lettuce, 9rf. to Is. 3rf.
do, ; bunch Radishes, 2^. 3f7. to Ss. 3d. per tally;
Greens, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Turnips,
4s. to Gs. do.; Carrots, 4s. to 6s. do.; Rhubarb,
Is. Qd. to 2s. do, ; Spring Onions, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ;
Peas, 5s. to 6s. Gd. per sack.

Stratford : June 28. — The trade and supply to
the market during the past week have been good.
Quotations : — Mangels, 8s. to 15s. per ton ; Onions,
spring, 3s. to 3s. Gd. per dozen ; Watercress, Gd. per
dozen ; Cherries, 4s. Qd.to 5s. per flat ; Strawberries,
4s. 9rf. to 5s. per dozen punnets ; Dutch Cucumbers,
2s. to 2s. Gd. per dozen ; Gooseberries, 2s. 9d. to 3s.
per half-sieve ; Peas, 5s. dd. to Gs. per bag ; Lettuce,
lOf^. to Is. 2d. per scoie.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : June 28.— Moderate
supplies and a dull trade. Magnum Bonums. old,
SOs. to 90s. ; Regents, 70s. to 90s. ; Champions. 60s.
to SOs. per ton ; new Jersey kidney, 125. to 13s. ;
Lisbon, round, 8s. to 10s. ; Malta round, 8s. to 10s. ;
Cherbourg, 9s. to 13s. per cwt.

Columbia (East London): June 29. — Quotations:
— New : Jersey kidneys. 12s. to 13s. Gd. ; do. founds,
7s. Gd. to 8s. Gd. ■ Cherbourg kidneys, 12s. to Hs. ;
do. rounds, 7s. Gd. to Ss. ; St. Malo kidneys, lis. to
12s. Gd. ; do. rounds, 6s. Gd. to 7s. per cwt. Old :
Magnums, 50s. to 90s. ; Champions, 50s. to 70s. ;
Victorias, 90s. to 120s. per ton.

Stratford : June 28. — New : Jersey kidneys, lis. 6^'
to 12s.; do. Lisbons, 9s. to 9s. Gd.; do. Cherbourg.
8s. to 8s. Gd. ; do. St. Malo, 7s. Gd. to 8s. 6*:^. per cwt.
Old : English Magnums, 75s. to 100s. per ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 2224 half-boxes from Cadiz, 3364 do.
Lisbon, 114 bags Ghent, 50 packages Valencia.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week: — Clover, prime, 84s. to 100s.;
inferior, 70s. to 84s. ; hay, prime, 70s. to 92s. ;
inferior, 45s. to 65s. ; and straw, 30s. to 48s. per load.

Azalea indica Novelties. — At the Vienna
Horticultural Society's show on April 21, several new
varieties of Azalea indica were observed which are
likely to find admirers, viz., Ebomia, a pure white ;
Violacea superbissima, a beautiful violet colour ; and
the magnificent Scarlet Rose ; and lastly, Comte
de Paris, which was remarkable for its enormous
blossoms, finely marked, and with an uncommonly
broad white edge.

TREPHOporORCHIDS.

For Potting, Rafts. Blocks. &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S.,

75a, Q U K E N V I C T 0 K I a STREET. E.G. ; and

SWAN TLACE, OLD KENT RO.U), S.E.

CATALOGUE o( all Hoeticiilturai. Requisites post-free.
POTTERY of all descriptions.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowleHgeJ to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS. FERNS. HEATHS. &c. ; anil their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

by innumerable nnsolioi ted Testimonials. Rhododendron PEAT,
LEAF-MOULD, LOAM. SAND. SPHAGNUM. COCOA-NUT
FIBRE. CHARCOAL. &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials.

EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

MYOCOM FLY GUM.

Catches FLIES, MOSQUITOS, WASPS, &c.

Sample Box, Post-free for Is.

T. CHRISTY & CO., 25, Lime St., London, E.G.

^^CUPROLENE,"

WEED DESTROYER.

A NEW DISCOVERY.— The Cheapest, Best, and Most
Effectual Preparation for Killing Weeds, Dandelions, Moss, &c.,
oil Carriage Drives, Garden Walks, or wherever they may exist.

No disturbance of gravel. Saves labour, time, and money.
Supersedes all other preparations.

Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, the extensive
and well-known nurserymen, write us: — "We are pleeised to
say that your Weed Killer is very effective, cleanly to use, and
the best we ever tried."

CupROLEXE is used with the greatest success in all parts o
the United Kingdom. Testimonials on application.
Prices, Carriage Paid to any Station.

4 galls., sufficient for 100 gulls, of water ...£» G 0

16

400

5 per Cent. Disct. for Cash ; carriage paid on returns of 16 gallfl.

100 galls, will cover an area of about 50 yards x 50 yards.

Sole Pkoprietors and Manufacturers.

DEIGHTON & CO., Agricultural Chemists. Bridgnorth.

JENSEN'S^

Every [Train ferlilizea becauso the Gunno is perfectly
pure. It is most economical, one pan of Manure to
100 pavtB of soil being ample for (.

Write for Pamphlet, Te;

tials and Instructions.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker's analysis Ruaranteed. FISII-POTASH
contains Ammonia, Pliosidiates anil Potash in largo
proportions, which are the principal elements of
fertiUzation.

2-lb. Tins, Is.; in Baus, 71bs.. 2s. ; 141bs.,

4s. : 28 lbs., 6s. 6d.; 515 lbs., 10s. 6d. : 1 cwt.,

16s.; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED,

p ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

VT Gardeners since 1859 against Ked Spider, Mildew,
Tbrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10.5. Gd.

GISHITRSTINE ke^ps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

28

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 2, 1887.

PEAT, LOAM, SAND, &c.— Splendid Brown
Fibrous PEAT (full of fibre). 95. per yard ; Yellow Fibrous
lOAM (best in England), 10s. per ton ; SILVER SAND (coarie
and fine). 10s. per ton. Each in truckloads. COCOA-NUT
FIBRE REFUSE. 20s. per large truckload. Send for List.
BKDiKWOKTH and SONS, ReadinR.

G 'GARDEN and FARM REQUISITES.—
i Archangel. Petersburg, Garden and Packing MAT.S of
every description. RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, and CLOTH ;
GREENHOUSE SHADINGS of all kinds; PEAT, LOAJJ,
SILVER-SAND, and COCOA-FrBP.E REFUSE; GARDEN
NETTING and TOOLS ; RICK-CLOTHS and TARPAULINS
for sale or hire; MARQUEE, TENT, and FLAG Makers;
.TUBLLEE TENT, 25s. each, complete.

SLY, DIBBLE and CO., 129, Commercial Street, London, E,
Illustrated Catalogues post-free.

ANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, Ud. per

yard ; 10s. per 100 yards ; 25 yards 2 yards wide post-
free 4s. ; 4 yards wide, 3d. per yard ; 20s. per 100. NEW
TWINE NETTING, 1 inch mesh, 1 yard wide, 2d. ; 2 yards
wide, 3d. ; 4 yards wide, 6<(, per yard. COTTON NETTING,
£4 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch, ^d. per yard (best
article to protect fruit trees, &e.). BAT FOLDING NETS, on
Bamboo poles, 20s. CLAP NET.S. for birds, :iOs.

W. CULLINGFORD, Forest Gate, London, E.

-if\f\ MILES of GARDEN NETTING for

1\J\J Protecting FRUIT TREES, SEED-BEDS, PLANTS,
FLOWERS, &c.. 1-inch mesh, 100 yards by 2 yards, or 50 yards
by 4 yards, price 10s. each, carriage paid. Hundreds of Testi-
monials. Any size made to order. Trade supplied. Special
quotations for large quantities. LAWN TENNIS BOUNDARY
NETS, HAMMOCKS, FLAGS, CRICKET, SALMON, RABBIT,
and FISHING NETS.

ABBOTT AND CO.. Net Manufacturers. Lowestoft.

RIGBY, WAINWRIGHT & CO.,

MANUFACTURERS,

Neptune Works, Manchester,

Cotton Wool and Wadding

for Florists and Nurserymen.

Send for Samples and Prices.

GARDEN SHADINGS, SKb^J^'

RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, PEAT,

SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, &c.,

At very Lowest Prices.
CATALOG IE on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON. E.

TiMAS'SiRAiNiHC TRELLISES

No. .SI. GALVANISED AFTER MADE.

For Training Peas instead of

Training Plants to Walls, &c.
Jx Panels.

6 feet by 3 feet ... 2S. each.
6 feet bv 4 feet ... 38. ea.li.
6 feet by 6 feet ... 43. each.
Also used for training plants,
made any size to order.
3-inch 2-inch l»-inch mesh.

Sad. 4d. 45d, per foot super.

GALVANISED WIRE NETTING.

Improved Mai'luiic-miidc.

Greatly Reduced Prices per Roll of 60 Yards.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works : 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKfi, STOURBRIDGE,

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 43. 3d. ea
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6rf. each.
Full Illustrated Revised Price List on application.

BOULTON & PAUL,

Garden Engine and

Water-Barrow

Combined

This implement i well
adapted for both large
and small gardens It
is strong and well m-ule
and not liable to get
out of order.
CASH PRICES
{Carriage Paid)
15 gallon size, *! 15!

20

f4 5s

JW 1"
:;! Every requisite for
"5 the tiarden & Pleas ire
.-,^ lirounds manufacturei
" bv ourselves.

NEW GENERAL CATALOGUE sent firee

You Should Use

NURSERY WATER POTS

:ei ;rresders8iT«=ts.""'''"'"

WARNER'S WATER BARROWS.
WARNER'S AQUAJECTS.

The very Best. Lists aud Prui-s of

JOHN WARNER and SONS,

CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
gf" Manufacturers of Prize Medal GARDEN ENGINES and
SYRINGES, all the very best quality.

HILL &

BLACK

SMITH'S

VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the coat.

Used in all Loudon Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

/^ A TTH^ TCi A7 Every ca^^k bears the above Registered
VIx U J- IUmS M Trade Mark. Beware of cheap

HILL & SMITH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street. Dublin.

STEVEN BROS & C°
HOT WATER APP.'XRATUS.

HY. VAN & CO.

(The Old it I ni nH j e in the Tra le Eitd 1780).

17, Tooley St eet London Bridge, S.E.

// Ir ted C4T-iL0Gr E^ Post free
PROTECTION FOR FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

GARDEN NETTING, 2 Yards wide, Ijrf., or per 100 yards,
10s. 1 ditto, 4 yards wide, 3d., or per 100 yards, 20s.

SCRIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, 3d. ; IJ yard, 4Ji. ; >od
2 Yards, 6tf. per yard.

TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. Gd. per piece.

SHADING BLINDS niade up any size.

RICK CLOTHS. TARPAULINS, Corn and Potato SACKS.
FLAGS, TENTS, &c., for S.ile or Hire.

TOBACCO PAPER. RAFFIA, and Garden MATS of all kinds.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

+ UPPER THAMES S^ LONDON. E.C

lU by 8 ft. £7 7 0
lo by 10 ft. 11 1.5 0
20 by 12 ft. 17 4 6

LEAN-TO and THREE-QUABTEIt SPAN
PIT FRAMES equall

ensth. Width.

30 by 12 ft. £23 19 6

40 by 14 ft, 34 U 0

50 by 14 ft. 42 1 0

above.

i prici

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL -COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL.90. Lower Thames Street. London, E.C.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Acci.l'Mils.EmpIover's l.iabilit v. insured against by the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY, 64, CornhiU. London. Income, £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350,000. Mode-
rate Premiums— favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. ; Head
Office, 64, CornhiU, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

Completion of " FamUlar Garden Flowers."

Nu\vn-;uly,™mpl.'t.Mn.'ihan,l.umeVolumrs. prii.- I2s.(v/.each.

FAMILIAR GARDEN FLOWERS,

Wilh Iii-s,n|,hvc Text hv SiiinLiv IIlliIiEKD. and 2(10 Full-
., fn.m llrigiiKil I'ainliiigs by F. E.

. F.L.iL

The descriptions of the flowers are admirable, and the
coloured plates are executed in the highest style of art." —
Court Circular.

" Nothing could be more lovely than the coloured plates. "~
Jo/,n Pull.

' • The pictures are beautifully drawn and coloured. The work
i.f re.Tl interest, and is so beautiful that it may be stronj^ly

y/if Qu.

book for ladies and all young people.

Uniform with this Work.
FAMILIAR WILD BIRDS. Ist and 2nd Series, 12s. 6<i. each.
FAMILIAR WILD FLOWERS. 6 Series. 12s.6rf.eaoh.
FAMILIAR TREES. 1st Series. 12s. 6rf.
CASSELLAIIDCOMPANY(Lim.),LudgateHiU,London,E.C.

Jtot 2, 1887.]

THE GAB DENE RS' CHRONICLE.

29

CROMPTON & FAWKES,

HOETICULTHKAi BUILDERS AND
HEATINQ ENGINEERS,

CHELMSFORD.

Inexpensive Artistic
Architectural

CONSERVATORIES.

Particulars and Price of Conservatory
to annexed design (which can be supplied
from £33 178.). also profusely Illustrated
liOOK.containingnumerous other Designs
t)f Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Ranges
uf Hothouses, Vineries, Forcing Houses.
&c., recently erected, fitted, and heated
by us in different part-a of the country
post-tree on applicatioD.

Clients waited on and Surveys made in
any part of thecountry. Plans, Estimates,
minute details, and reliable suggestions
and information regarding every descrip-
tion of Horticultural Buildings — based on
many years experience — supplied free of

The efficiency of allHeating Apparatus,
Boilers, Fittings, &.C., designed and con-
structed by us guaranteed.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES Of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES. COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

tH to

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBUC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Please send me " Thb Gaedenees' Chhonicle " ■'or .

w.

RICHARDS,

U, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

1887.

Months,

commencing ,/or which 1 enclose P. 0.0, .

IS* Please Note that aU Copies sent Direct ftom tills Office must tie paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 13 Months, 16s. ; 8 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s: 9d. ; Post-free.

FOREISN SUBSCRIPTIONS (ezcepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. id. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s, 6i

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made pat/able at the Post Office,
42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.
Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

RoBher'B Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
, KITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little i
and once put down inci
further labour or expense,
do "grown" Edgings, conse- /^"-t^T:.
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. j
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN VPALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinde. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSUER AKD CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L ^V E R S A N D ,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by jwst, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pit-s to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates i
quantities.

> anj

A liberal Discount to the Trade

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3d3 and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of IG-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneoua
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE EARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,

34, St. Jobn Street, West Smlthlleld, London, E.C.

stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

DOULTON & WATTS,

LAMBETH POTTERY, LONDON, S.E,

VASES, PEDESTALS, FOUNTAINS,

GARDEN EDGINGS, ^c, in

IMPERISHABLE TERRA COTTA.

Tiles for Linmg Walls of Conservatories,
ART POTTERY, inchiding JARDINIERES,

Table Decorations and Vases, Fonntalns, &c.,

for the Conservatory, In

DOULTON WARE, LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE NEW

SILICON WARE.

Show Rooms, Albert Embankment, S.E.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packirig free, and delivered to any London Station

100 squares of Glass, cLuality guaranteed.

\^

by SJ for 10/- for 14/-

„ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/-

i-i

„ 10 „ 11/- „ 16/6

14

„ ID „ 13/- „ 19/-

14

„ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/-

la

„ 13 „ 13/- „ 20/-

18

„ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/-

12

24/-

3.5/-

or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by «,
or 250 squares 8^ by 6^, or 220
squares, 9^ by 6^, or 170 squares,
9 by 7i, or 150 squares, 10 by 8,
for 105. Carriage paid for all orders
over £3.

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready miied for U!
n tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotatic
jiven for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSOIf,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHODSE,
14, Moor Lane, Cripplegate, London, RC.

30

THE GARi)ENERS' CHBONICLE.

[Jthlt i, 1887.

THE CARDENERXCHRONICLL

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

■ ■ -• * Jhad Line charged as two.

4 Lines

, £0

3

0

15 Lines. .

£0 8

6

6 „

. 0

a

(i

16 „ ..

0 0

U

6 „

0

4

0

17 „ . .

0 9

6

7 „

; 0

4

fi

18 „ . .

•0 lb

U

8 „

. 0

5

0

19 „ ..

0 10-

ti

9 „

, n

5

6

20 „ . .

0 11

U

10 „

. 0

6

0

21 „ . .

0 11

b

11 ..

. 0

6

6

22 „ . .

0 12

0

12 „

, n

7

0

23 „ .

0 12

b

13 „

, 0

7

6

24 „ .

0 13

0

14 „

. 0

8

0

25 „ .

0 13

ti

AND

SIXPENO

E FOR EV

:rv additional

LIXE.

U set acr

D33 two Columns, t

18 lowest charae ■(

yill be 20s

U set acro3

three Columns, t

he lowest charge

will be 30s.

Page

£S; Ha.fPage,

£4 Ulj. ; Colum

n, £:i.

GARDENERS and OTHERS WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words, inoludiuf; name and address, Is. 6(/., aud 6'1. for

every additional lule (about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISE.MENTS MU3T BE PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTfCE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ojfices, (U
cut Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births. Deaths and Marriages. 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week MUST reach tne Office

by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United KixciDOM : 12 Months, 153. ; 6 Months.

7s. 6d. : 3 Months. 3s. 9d.

Foreign (.■Iceptill^■ India and China): includini; Postage,

178. 6d. for 12 .Months: India and China. 193. 6d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office

42, DRUKY LANE. W.C. to W. Richards.

Fdblishino Ofpick and Office for Advertisements,

41, WellinRfon Street, SIrand, London. W.C.

JMg.-

k-f ■ S^i-'SiBisA^fey-^^dZ.^ 1

WILUAIVIS BROS. & CO.,

77, PERSHORE STREET,

B I R M I N G HAM.

Complete Price List on ctjiplicution.

TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST,

A MONTHLY RECORD OF INFORMATION

FOR PLANTERS

Of Tea, Cacao, C'inchofia. Cojfee. Indiariibber, Sugar, Palms,

Cotton, Cardamoms. Kola, Coca, Cinnamon, Ntctmegs^

Fibrous Plants, and other Products suited

for Cultivation in the Tropics.

Published at Oiserufj- Office. Colombo, Ceylou, onoraboutthe

Ist Of each month. Commeuced in June, 1881.
The "Tropical Agriculturist" has now an assured
position in its large circulation in Ceylon, Southern and

America, Natal, Maxiritius, and the West Indies. From all
sub-tropical planting settlements we have had cordial approval
of the publication aud an encouraging measure of support. The
Englisli, Indian, aud Colouial Press have spoken in commenda-
tory terms of the T. A., as also Directors of Public Gardens
from Sir .Joseph Hooker. F.R.S., downwards, and so have all
Planters.

t^ No Planter should be without it.
Rates of Subacription, including Postage, in advance :

£1 sterling. Rupees VJ. Dollar:* 6.

Single Copies. 2s.. or Kl ; Back Copies, 3s.. or K1.50.

Any one of the Four Volumes completed (1881-2, 1882-3.

1883-4, 1884-5), bound in cloth, lettered, witli Comprehensive

ludex, for £l 10.s-. (or R18)^ carriage prepaid.

THE TROPICAL AGBICCLTUIiLST .
As a medium for English, AmericaQ, and Australian
ADVERTISEMENTS of goods suitable for the tropics, India
as well as Ceylon, the Straits Settlements, Java, and West
Indies (Central America being included in that term), or
connected with agriculture, the Tropical Agriculturist stands
unrivalled, the work being constantly in tlie hands of Native
as well as European ana American Agriculturists. Being a
IMonthly Periodical the Tropical Agriculturist lies on the
table aiiil is very often referred to during each month — a fact
wUii-h AdvtTti^ers will know how to appreciate.

Mr. W. T. Teiselton Dyer. F.L.S., C.M.G., Director of
Kew(_;;irdens, writing of the T. ^., refers to itas "anastonishing
verything relating to the Economic Botany of

repertory of
theKa^t'."

i-:r 1-

) bett.

)r the Sale of Plants. Seeds, Mncliinery. Implements,
.1 in Tropical (Tea, Sugar, Fibres. &c.) Agriculture,
Advertising Medium exists.

Rates for Advertisements :—

[Nine words to a line].

Twelve Lines and under, per Line 9d. (8 annas)

About Twelve Lines „ arf. (7 annas)

(Quarter Page (once) ... 17s. KIO ) 5 per Cent, off
Half ,, ., ...£l 8s. E17 Hor each additional

Whole £-2 Os. 1124 \ insertion

1^^ T-^T ;.''iT rn:itr:irts special reductions.
CommunicalM'fi \ h ortiseraents and Subscriptions

for the"Ti;' I i i ■ ^ i '■ i. n'RlST " may be addressed to
A, M. AND J. M- l."i -' '^. r..;Mmbo.
J. HADDON ANi* i-u.. ;;, iiuuvt'rie Street, London, E.C.
G. STREET AND CO., ;iU, Cornhill, London. E.C.

Or AjT-Tits in all parts of the World.

THE SYDNEY MAIL.

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS —

INTEKCOLOXIAL on.l GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and tlie FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S
LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved especi-
ally for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

CiOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES bv POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN
AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the

Australian Colonies. New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains

a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription in Advance, £1 6b. per Annum.

Single Copies, 6(/. ; Stamped, Id.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney. New Soutli Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for tlie
SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., yo, Cornhill. E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street. E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester... James and Henry Grace. 73, Market Street.
Edisburuh ... Robertson & Sc rtt, 13, Hanover Street.

Glasoow W. Porteous & Co., IS, Royal Exchange

Plate
1^" Copies of each Journal are filed at the
aliuce Offices/or the use of Advertisers.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBORlCULTURE,
Ae FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHEEE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. BuRTE-
NICH, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. VAN HUiLE,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post paid. 10s. per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium.

AN ESTABLISHED well-known Floral
Advertiser (conducting business by advertising) WISHES
a PARTNER with £oU0 — develope neucleus excellent business.
— VANDY'K, 28, Langham Street, London, W.

WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, Mar-
ket or otherwise. One who can produce all Choice
Cut Flowers, Plants, and Frnit, &c.— E. T., Gun Hill, Chid-
dingly, Sussex.

WANTED, an energetic Man, as WORKING
FOREMAN for a Small Nursery. Must understand
Cucumbers and Tomatos. and Growing Soft-wooded Plants.—
Address, with full particulars, FOREMAN, Mr. Stuart, Florist,
Seven Sisters Road, N.

\\7ANTED, a single MAN, to live in Bothy

V T and take sole charge of Glass in a Small Nursery :
must be thoroughly experienced in all Indoor Plants, good
Propagator, able to make Wreaths, Bouquets, &c. — Apply,
stating wages, to KENT and BRYDON, Darlington.

Rose Grower.

WANTED, a young MAN, who has worked
among Koses. One with knowledge of Inside Work
preferred. If satisfactory situation will be permanent. Good
wages.— WM. CORP, Sandygate, Sheffield.

"\^7ANTED, a good, industrious, middle-aged

VV Man, as GENERAL PLANT GROWER. Onewitha
bov from 14 to 16 vears old. to assist, preferred. Liberal wages
given to a suitable man.— G. STEVENS, St. John's Nursery,
Putney, S.W.

WANTED, a steady MAN (age 20), accus-
tomed to Growing for Market Grapes, Cucumbers,
Toraatos, Tea Roses, Ferns, and Cut Flowers generally.
Wage-. IMS. weekly.— A. Z., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ANTED, AT ONCE, TWO sharp young

MEN — one for Ferns and one for Palms. Must have
been in Nursery.— W. ICETON, Granard Gardens, Putney Park
Lane, Roehampton. S.W.

WANTED, a young MAN, to assist in the
Houses, principallv Orchid-; and Grapes. Wages lbs.
per week. No bothy.- -E. AYLINU, Forty Hill, Enfield,
Middlesex.

WANTED, a strong industrious YOUTH,
to attend to Fruit Trees on Walls and Assist in
Kitchen Garden, Also take share in duty work. Wages, 10.v.
per week, with Bothy. Premium required.— W. L. BIRD, The
Gardens, Norton Hall, Daventry.

WANTED, AT ONCE, several good GRAPE
THINNERS.— Mr. E. BENNETT, The Vineyard,
Potter's Bar, N.

WANTED, a quick, active, young MAN, for
the Houses. Must have good character.— G. BENNETT,
Brent Hill Nursery, Hanwell.

ANAGER REQUIRED for an old-estab-

lished Florist's in the West-End. Must he energetic
and trustworthy, and thoroughly understand the business.
One to live on the premises preferred. No objection to Man
and Wife, the latter to assist in the shop. — Apply by letter,
stating experience, to THOS . R. WOOLFE. 1.5, King Street, E.C.

Nursery Clerk.

WANTED, a thoroughly efficient MAN.—
-Vpply, stating age, qualifications, salary expected,
with other particulars, NURSERY, Messrs. Jacob Wrench &
Sons, London Bridge, London, E.C.

A^rANTED, for a Wholesale Seed Establish-
VV meat, an ASSISTANT CORRESPONDING CLERK,
who thoroughly understands French and German, a knowledge
of the Danish Language also useful. — Address applications,
stating experience ami salary required, to "FOREIGNER."
Gardeners' Chronicle Omce, 41, WeBington Street, Strand, W.C.

"V^ ANTED, a CLERK, for Correspondence

V V nnd Invoices, in extensive Nursery, principally out-
door stock. — W. L., Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

Florists' and Fruiterers' Shopman.

WANTED, a thorough good HAND, used
to good Trade— Fruit, Plants, Seeds, &c.— Floral Hall,
George Street, Richmond.

ANTED, several young MEN, in the

Florist Flower Department, at once.— THOMAS
S. WARE. Hale Farm Nursery. Tottenham.

WANTED, in a Flower Market, a good
WREATH and BOUQUET MAKER: a young man
with some knowledge of Plants preferred.— F., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Florists.

WANTED, a LADY, or married COUPLE,
to take Management of Branch Shop, where a quick
trade is done. Will have to Deposit some Capital as guarantee.
—Letters to E. S. O., Hieatt & Son, Covent Qordcn, W.C.

w

ANTED, in a Nursery, a HANDY MAN,

JcLT 2, 1887.]

THE OAB.DENEBS' CHRONICLE.

31

GABDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Me. K. I'egbik, formerly of Ilavensbury, has
been appointed to take charge of the estate of
Mrs. MiLN's, at West End House, Sunninghill.

Through the death of the late Lord Gebabd,
Mr. Skenk, after thirty-four years' service as
Gardener and Forester at Garswood, has left,
and his son-in-law, Mr. Thomas Griffiths, has
been appointed to the garden department.

Mr. Allan Hunter, for the last five years
Propagator in the Zoological Society's Gardens,
Regent's Park, has been appointed Head Gar-
dener and Forester to A. J. Scott, Esq., Rother-
field Park, Alton, Hants.

Mr. Henry Applin, from the Hewell Gar-
dens, Bromsgrove, has been engaged as Head
Gardener to Mr. W. Wingpield, Sherwater
Court, AVoking.

WANT PLACES.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND CO., having filled many
important places, can RECOjVniEND with every cooti-
dence, energetic aud practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for tirst-rate Establislimenta,
or Single-handed aituatioiis, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND CO.. The Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CAKTKR and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent JIEN.
several of wliom are personally ^y•:\\ kIlo^\ n t..> .Mt-^srs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 1*37 smii I'.w, Hit:h HoIlMjrn, W.C.

Gardeners, Under Gardeners, BailifTs. &c.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SOA' have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whose characters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge

qui

recommend as to abilities, &c. — Ladies and GentI
riug either of the above can be suited with reliable, first-ch
1 by applying to Wm. Cutbush & Son. Highgate Nurseries,

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to anuouuce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
%c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worn-ster.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAX. who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments

RCHID GEO WER,or HEAD GARDENER.

— Age 30, married; ten years' thorough experience in
the largest and best kept Collections, Highly recommended
by one of the First Growers of the day. Excellent characters.
—A. B. C. 5. Parade, Teddington, S.W.

ARDENER (Head), or ORCHID

GROWER. — Age 39, married, youngest child 10 years ;
thorougblv practical. Good experience. Well recommended.
—HEAD GARDENER, Exotic Nursery, Chigwell. Essex.

ARDENER (Head).— H. Mann, Grantham,

late Head Gardener to Sir W. E. Welby Gregory, Bart.,
Denton Manor, is desirous of re- engagement. Highly recom-
mended by late employers, clergymen, &c.

AUDENER (Head).— Age 40, single; has

filled a similar situation ; good testimonials as to Fruit
and Flowers. Good references. — A. F., 27, Carlisle Place,
London, W.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 33, married, no

family; eight years with one of the most successful
exliibitors. Good Plant Grower ; well up in Ericas. Thoroughly
competent throughout. Excellent references. — T. A., 2,
Whitby Villas. Sansome Walk, Worcester.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, two

children ; twenty years' practical experience. Ener-
getic, industrious, trustworthy, and has first-class abilities
and personal character. A good Garden and Glass is sought
after more thau high wages. Total abstainer. — INDUS-
TRIOUS, F. Price, Ewell Road, Surbiton.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 28, single.—

H. Downing, Gardener, Norbury Park, near Dorking,
Surrey, will be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentle-
man a thoroughly experienced man in all branches. He is
very steady aud respectable, and can have most excellent
character from here and other places where he has been living
as Foreman. Shall be pleased to answer any inquiries.

GARDENER (HEAD),^where help is given. —
The Advertiser can highly recommend a practical liard-
working trustworthy man. Abstainer. Other references
given.— OLIVER GOLDSMITH, Polesden. Dorking, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head); married, no family. —
A Gkntleman wishes to highly recommend his late
Head Gardener, John Gore, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring
the'services of a thorough practical Gardener.— JOHN GORE,
Polegate, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30. — J. C.
Macphebson, Gardener to the Right Hon. LordLondes-
borough, Northerwood, Lyndhurst, Hants, would be plea.sed to
recommend his Foreman (F. Taylor) to any Lady or Gentle-
man requiring the services of a thorough practical man. Two
years' good character, with good testimonials from previous
employers.

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or two others are kept.— Age 30, single; fourteen
years' experience with Fruits, Flowers, and ^''egetables. — W.
KING, Foxley Gardens. Hereford,

GARDENER (Head Working), where three
or four are kept, — Age Zh; thoroughly experienced.
Good testimonials, and five years' character. — W. PECK,
Curylls, Fay Gate, Horsham.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

or three are kept. — Married, no family ; is open to engage
with any Lady or Gontlemnu as above. — Mr. MEUKV-
WEATHER, The Nurseries, Southwell, Notts.

G -I ARDENER (Head AVorking). — Eighteen
X years' practical experience in all branches. Character
will bear strictest investigation. Capable of Managing a
Large or Small Place, where three or more are kept. — T. W.
DAFFON, New Road. Solihull. Birmingham. '

p ARDENER (Head Working).— Mr.

V_X Forbes, Gardener to W. Drury Lowe, Esq., Locke Park,
near Derby, can highly recommend his Foreman, Frederick
Reney, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical Gar-
dener. Fourteen years' experience. — Address as above.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 3l>^

married; has a practical knowledge of the profession
in all branches. Five and a lialf years' first-class references
from present and previous employers.— HEAD GARDENER,
Dunston House, Penkridge, Staffs.

GARDENER (Head AVorking, or good
SiXGLE-HANDKD).— Age 35, married; thoroughly ex-
perienced in Early and Late Forcing of Grapes, FruitH, and
Flowers. Four years' good character from last situation. —
C. SHARP, 2, Putney Bridge Road, Wandsworth. S.W.

GARDENER (Head Wobking, or good
SlNULE-HAN^DED). — Age 27, single; experienced in
Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Three years' excellent
character. — A. M., Fairview Cottage, Garfield Street, Clap-
ham Road, Bedford.

GARDENER, where help is given.— Age 29,
married when suited ; thoroughly practical in all
branches. Well up in Vineries and Peach-houses. Good
references; five and a half years' from present employer.
Abstainer.- A. SMITH, 1, East Bank Road, New Hampton,
Middlesex.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Under), in
the Houses or Out. — Age 23; good character. — S. W.,
97, Lambeth Walk. Lambeth, S.E.-

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Under-
stands general routine of Gardening. Strong, willing,
and obliging. Excellent character. Good experience. — J.
ELLIS, 29, Rectory Road, Parsons Green, Fulham, S.W.

GARDENER (good Single-handed). —
Married, no family ; understands Vines, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Good Character. — G. L., 10, Camden Cot-
tages, White Horse Hill, Chislehurst, Kent.

GARDENER (good Single-handed, or where
help is given). — Age 33, married; thoroughly practical
in all branches. Eighteen years' experience. Wife could do
Needlework or Washing if required. Good characters. — W. C,
28, Effra Parade, Brixton. S.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed or Second). —
Age 28, single ; ten years' experience. Six and a half
years' first-class character.-— J. Y., 51, Bradford Road, Well's
Road, Sydenham, Kent.

r^ ARDENER (Second or Single-handed).

VJ — Age 2.T; ten years' experience in all branches of the
profession. Good character. — McLAREN, The Gardens,
Beech Lodge, Watford, Herts.

ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.—

Age 22 : four years' good personal character. Six years'
experience.— B. WELCH, 7, Stanhope Koad, North Finchley.

GARDENER (Under, in large establishment,
or Single-handed). — Age 24 ; good references. —
FRED. NEVILLE, near Gas Works, Bishop's StorttorJ, Herts.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25 ;
eleven years' experience in all branches. First-class
references.— G. LEWIS. 32, The Mount, Frankwell, Shrewsbury.

FOREMAN. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience
in all branches. Good Grape Thinner. Excellent charac-
ter.—E. C, 24. Lot's Koad, Chelsea. S.W,

FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good private
estiiblishment, — Seven years' experience ; well up in
Propagating and Growing Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Good character. — For further particulars, please apply to
H. CKUX, Camden Nursery, Sissinghurst, Kent.

ROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants

for Market purposes. — Young and practical. Six years'
experience. — W. H., The Nursery, Wembley, Harrow.

To Gentlemen and Nurserymen.

FRUIT GROWER.— Used to Vines, Early and
Late Peaches, Tomatos. Cucumbers, Mushroom Ridges
and Frames. Handy at Repairs; good Glazier and Painter.
No objection in small place to keep Houses in Repair in slack
time. Disengaged shortly.— GARDENER, 24, MTanor Lane,
Lee, Kent.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a
good Garden establishment.- Age 22 ; eight years' expe-
rience. Two years present place. Highly recommended. —
F. PRICE, Ewell Road, Surbiton.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establish-
ment,— Age 21 ; two years in lastsituation witha Noble-
man. Can be well recommended.— R. WEBR, Post Office,
Duxford, Cambs.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
Age 22 ; five years' experience. Good knowledge of Fruits
and Flowers. Three years' character in last situation. —
CHARLES SMITH, Smalley, Derby.

JOURNEYMAN, in the establishment of Lady
or Gentleman. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Good
character,- HENKY KEKR, Ladygate, Breightmet, Bolton.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.—
Alfred Smets, The Gardens, WoUescote House, near
Stourbridge, wishes to recommend a steady and obliging young
man as above. Three years' good character,

JOURNEYMAN, or SECOND in a small
place.— Age 2h; well recommended.— H. APPLETON,
Easby Abbey. Richmond, Yorkshire.

To NurserymezL

B UDDER and GRAFTER.— Age 23; eight
years with W. Paul. Good references.— H. PIPER,
Framfield, Hawkhurst, Sussex.

TO NURSERY'MEN, &c.— A young Man (age
23), used to General Work in a Nursery, requires a per-
manent situation. Thoroughly respectable. Good references.
—ABSTAINER, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W,C.

'yO NURSERYMEN and MARKET

X GROWERS.— A situation in a Market Firm wanted.

'I^'O NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a youth

JL (age 18), a situation in a Nursery. Three years' good
character from last situation. — A. MAJOR, Ivy Laue, Stainea
Road, Hounslow, Middlesex.

'^rO HEAD GARDENERS.— Lewis Jordan,

X Brampton Park Gardens, Huntingdon, will be glad to
recommend a strong active young man, age 20 ; used to General
Gardening.

^rO GARDENERS and NURSERYMEN.—

X. A young Man (age 20) i
Nursery. Goodcharac

O GENTLEMEN and MARKET

GARDENERS.- Wanted by a respectable young man a
situation in a Gentleman's Garden or a Market Gardener's
Business, and make himself generally useful. Outdoor work
preferred.- J. MARSTON, Enderby, near Leicester,

Seed and Nursery Trade.

MANAGER, — Advertiser, well known in the
Trade, requires re-engagement as Manager; highest
references, and can introduce valuable connection. Would
not object to '* work up " a new or deteriorating establish-
ment.— Address, in strictest confidence, NOVELTY. Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

BOOK-KEEPER.— Wanted, by a man of much
experience, a position as Book-keeper, Highest refer-
ences as to ability, stability, and integrity. — J. B., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Seedsmen.

SHOPMAN (Head, or Second).— Thorough
knowledge of Seed Trade, and capable of keeping a set of
Books, First-class references from present and past employers.
— A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

.^i

' HOPMAN ; age 22. — Thos. Butcher can re-

Kj commend A, Naylor to any Firm requiring a reliable
hand, having had four years' general Counter-work with him.
He has a fair knowledge of Plants, and their value. Can
Assist at Books.- A. NAYLOR, Thos. Butcher, London Road
Nursery, Croydon,

SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 21 ; five years'
experience. Good knowledge of Plants and General
Nursery Stock,— JNO. HARDING, St. Neots, Hunts.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 19; five years'
experience. Can assist in Flower Department. Good
references. — A. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C.

O ESTATE OWNERS.— Wanted, by a

young Man, situation as Painter, Glazier, Grainer, Sec,
on Estate, or other permanent position. Good all-round hand.
Abstainer. — G. H., Gardeners' Chrorticle Office, 44, Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C.

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS. — The stomach and
its troubles cause more discomfort and bring more
unhappiness than is commonly supposed. The thousand ills
that settle there may be prevented or dislodged by the
judicious use of these purifying Pills, which act as a sure,
gentle, anti-acid aperient, without annoying the nerves of the
most susceptible or irritating the most delicate organisation.
Holloway's Pilis will bestow comfort and confer relief on every
headache, dyspeptic, and sickly sufferer, whose tortures make
him a burden to himself and a bugbear to his friends. These
Pills have long been the popular remedy for a weak stomach,
for a disordered liver, ora paralysed digestion, which yield with-
out difficulty to their regulating, pui^iying, and tonic qualities.

32

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONIC L E,

[July 2, 1887.

ARNER'S CELEBRATED

JUAJECTS

Two Prize Medals
awardpd (Ticutta Ex-
hib t n :«'^3-4.

\ ery easy to work,
•strong — the best Im-
plement of it3 type,
steiti ' ■
\ ery simple durable
for years

I I k, ell for
it and I think l> tl uroughly le^d r iig i uw t may la t 20
moie — \ours ri^ \ e tfiiUy (Signed) W Brookes.

JOHN \^ ARNLR and SONS H>draulic and Hort cultural
Engl neers, Maiiufacturera of Oarden Eng ne3, Syr Ley
Fouiitjiins, &c.. The Crescent Foundry, Cripplegate, Londo
E.C., and The Foundry Works. Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex

To be obtaiue<i of every Ironmonger and Plumber n tl e
Kinj^dom.

PORTABLE CUCTJMBER FRAMES.

I> HAL LI DAY and CU. desire to
V« draw special attention to their Cutumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p^^vit,., i 3 10 0
3-lightframe.l3feetby6feetV„™7_fJ 5 5 0
6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet ) ^^* ( 10 0 0

The glass is nailed ;iii-I puHi-d in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at propurtionat^'l)' Liw i>rices.

B. HALLIDAY <& CO.,

Hotho.ii.- Huild.Ti nnd Engineers.

ROYAL HdllTRir/rritAL WORKS, MroDLETON.

MANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SEELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, E C

W H LASCFLLFS AND CO « 11 g ve Eitimatei for eierj
d«!>criptionof HORTICLLllPAL WORK free of charge and
send competent a-ssi tants when ntcei'mry

TASCELLES NEW ROCKWORK material in Tarioiu
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunhill Row, London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application.

Established,

1818.

HENRY HOPE,

JJorticultural Builder and
JJot-nater tCngincer,

06, Lionel St., Blrmlngliam.

Plana and Kstimateaon
application.
1 Workmen sent to any part of the Kingdom.

"ARCHIMEDEAN-
AMERICAN LAWN MOWERS.

highesFprize

Paris Exhibition, 1878 ;

and the JURY, in their REPORT,

" Tlie ' ARCHIMEDEAN' did the

BEST WORK of any Lawn

Mower exhibited."

SydneyExhibition,1879-80
Melbourne Exhibition/80-1

opinions of the Press:

•' Far superior to any of oura." —
Vide The Field.

" Remarkably easy to work." —
Vide Gardentrs' Magazine.

"The quickest, most simple, and
most efficient mower ever used."—
\'ide Gardeners' Chronicle.

" We feel bound to recommend it to
our readers as one of the best mowers
we have as vet made acquaintance
with."— Vide /Yorai n'orld.

PRICES FROM

25s,

SELLING
AGENTS

WILLIAMS & CO (Limited), Manufacturers and Patentees

J. G. ROLLINS & CO.(LiMiTED)."^^

OLD SWAN WHARF, LONDON, E.G.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS aiul HEATING ENGINEERS.

Oiir GBEEXHOr.SES and HEAT-
ING APPARATUS are Erected in
every part of the Kingdom.

Complete Ranges of

VINERIES

PEACH HOUSES,

FORCING HOUSES, &c.,

GARDEN FRAMES

of every variety in stock.
General CATALOGUE Post-free.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., coustrurttMi on on

porfectiou of growing hoiLwy. uud lor iiructuiil utility, ecuuoiuy, and durability cannot be equalled. We
and that the vkry best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens <h"'iK'i'''l architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firr
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Uoilers, erected, audsuccesa guarautet

in all ca-ses. Melou Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Plans, E^timatei and Catalog nex free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.
Our Masim is and always has be«D—

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS,

Editorial Communications should be addres-ied to " The Editor; " Advertiaements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Offlce, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Londdn, W.C.
Printed by Willlim Richabds, at the OPQce of Messrs. Bridbur?, Aonew & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the Couaty of Middlesex, and published by th«
id WlLLLLM BlOHARDS, at the Office, 41, Wellingtoa Street, Pariah of St. Paul'a, Coveat Oardeo, in the said Oount7.— SaTURDAT, July 3, 18S7. Agent for Manchester— JoHM Hetwood.

Established i84i,

No. 28.-VOL. II. {^Z}

SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1887.

[Regt. as a Newspaper. (PRICE 3d.

■^ r F ^ POST-IBEII, 3id.

CONTENTS.

Sotanical Magazine

Codouopsia ovata

Cypripedium Lawrence-

anum var. steuosema ...

Darwin medal

Diaerium bicomutum
Exhibition-box, House's...

Florists' Flowers

Forestry

Fruit growing

Fruits under glass
Gardeners' Orphan Fund
Gardening appointmeut...
Hardy fruit garden

„ plants, stray noteson
Imperial Institute

Iris Boissieri

Irish garden, an ...

Ivy on and under trees ...

Lychnis, a hybrid

Market fruit

Moore, the late Mr. T. ..
Notylia Bungerothii

Orchid notes

PiEonies, Tree

Penrhyn Castle Gardens
Plant portraits

56

Plants and their culture .

„ certificated

Phytolacca electrica
Red-spider on Vines
Rose of Jericho

., show, the

Roses in pots

Schomburgkia Thomsoni-

Seeds, preservation of

Serkys Tea

Silene pusilla

Societies : —

Kational Rose

Sunbury and Shepperton

Torquay

Tacsonia, hybrid

Tonquin Beans

Trees and shrubs

Tulips, Florists'

Vintage at Rheims
Watering outdoor plants,

philosophy of

West Indian forest, a

Illustrations.

1 bicomutum

Pasony, trpe, Louise Mouchelet ,

Peach curl

Silene pusilla

Vintage at Rheims ,

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the " Gardeners' Chronicle "from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WellingtOD Street, Strand, W.C.

ALEXANDRA PALACE,
London. N.
GREAT ROSE SHOW, JULY H, 15, and 16. Entries
Close July 7, 1887. For Schedules and full particulars, apply to
J. S. COOKE. Secretary of the Show, Alexandra Palace, N.

RIGHTON and SUSSEX FLORICUL-

TORAL and HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
GRAND SUMMER EXHIBITION, JULY 6 and 7, at the
Royal Pavilion. Ist prize for 10 Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
£10. Ist prize for 8 Orchids, £5. lat prize for 12 Foliaged
Plants, £i. 1st prize for 48 Roses, £5. 1st prize for Collection
of Fruit, £5. Schedules of prizes ready.

EDWARD CARPEITTER, Secretary.
Secretary's Office : 9ti, St. James' Street,
Eri|;hton, March 28, 1887.

ATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY

OF ENGLAND.

GRAND EXHIBITION

will be held in the

WAVERLEY MARKET, EDINBURGH,

WEDNESDAY, July 13, 1887 ;

In connection with the SUMMER SHOW of the

OYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

For Schedules, &c., apply to SECRETARY, Koyal Caledonian

Horticultural Society, 18, Waverley Market, Edinburgh.

BIRMINGHAM BOTANICAL
and HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'.
A ROSE SHOW will be held in the Gardens, Edgbaston, on
THURSDAY and FRIDAY, July 14 and 15, 1887. For
Schedules of Prizes apply to

W. B. LATHAM, Curator.

HIGHGATE HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL FLOWER SHOW will be held (by permission
of the Baroness Burdett-Coutts) in the Grounds of Holly Lodge,
HighKate, N., on THURSDAY, July 21.

Admission ;— From 1 o'clock till 3 o'clock, 2s. M. ; from
3 o'clock till 5 o'clock. Is. ; from 5 o'clock till 8 o'clock, 6rf.
Children half-price.
Two Bands in attendance. Refreshments on the Grounds.

ROYAL JUBILEE EXHIBITION,
Manchester.
A GRAND ROSE SHOW will be held on FRIDAY, July 22.
For Schedules, &c., apply to the undersigned,
BRUCE FINDLAY', Royal Botanical Gardens, Manchester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.
The EIGHTH GRAND SUMMER EXHIBITION of PLANTS.
FLOWERS, FRUIT, and VEGETABLES, will be held in Sefton
Park, on SATURDAY, July 30. and Bank Holiday, AUGUST 1.
Entries Close July 23. Schedules of Prizes can be had on appli-
cation to

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY of SOUTHAMPTON.
GREAT SUMMER SHOW. SATURDAY and MONDAY,
July 30 and August 1. THREE HUNDRED POUNDS in
PRIZES, including £18, £15, and £12, for 12 Plants ; £o 5s.,
£3, £2 10s., and £1 10s. for 6 Dishes of Fruit; and others
equally liberal. Entries Close July 23.

C. S. FUIDGE, Secretary.
Heckfield House, Bevois Hill. Southampton.

WELLINGBOROUGH.—
A GRAND FLORAL and HORTICULTURAL SHOW
will be held at Wellingborough, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY,
August 4 and 6, 1887. Open to all England. Schedules of
Prizes are now ready, and may be obtained of

CHAS.J. K. WOOLSTONand l^^^ g^^

Wellingborough. THOMAS PENDERED,

V^UMMER SHOW at SUTTON,

O AUGUST 10, 1887. Open to all. 12 Plants, £8, £6, £3.
Other large prizes. Open to all. Particulars and Schedules of
Mr. W. R. CHURCH, Sutton, Surrey.

>RIMULA, Double White, 5s. per dozen,

36s. per 100.

Price for quantities on application.

Terms, Cash with Order.

TAYXOK AXD CO., Nurserj-men. Timperley. Cheshire.

LARGE SPECIMEN PLANTS CHEAP.—
20 CAMELLIAS, leading varieties; 10 fine Tree
FERNS, 12 Specimen Exhibition HEATHS, ORCHIDS, Sic.
Particulars from J. B. YOUNG. Bridge of Allan.

New Roses In Fats.

LIST of the most select sorts now ready,

Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of best sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality.
SAMPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in 5-inch pots, carefully

packed for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 153.
HALF a DOZEN ditto, on receipt of 8s.
EWING AND CO.,
Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hampahire.

PEACHES ! NECTARINES ! GRAPES ! &c.
— Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and
well packed fruit of above.— WISE and RIDES, Covent Garden.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

WANTED, Large PALMS, TREE FERNS,
and other large ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGED PLANTS,
in EXCHANGE for ORCHIDS or OTHER PLANTS. Send full
particulars to

The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

CamelUas, Azaleas, Rhododendrons. Palms, OTcUds,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

(^ VUYLSTEKE, Nubsebyman,

\J^ Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

Fancy and Shcv Fansles and Violas.

JOHN DOWNIE (late of the Firm of Downie
& Laird) invites inspection of his magnificent coUectioa
of the above at his Beechill Nursery. Murrayfield, Edinburgh.
Quality only grown.

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growng on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS— " PTERIS," LONDON.

E L W A Y AND SON.

KELWAY'S "MODEL" CALCEOLARIA.
KELWAY'S "MODEL" CINERARIA.
Price of Seed on application.
LangiKirt, Somerset.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamserops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.
G. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,

I Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
be had free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens,

K

C

Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.—
Eighteenth year of distribution. Williams' Superb
Strain, Is. 6d. per dozen ; 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same
price. Package and carriage free. Volonte Nationaie alba,
the best winter white PELARGONIUM, strong rooted plants,

' JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.

Rhododendrons.

JOHN WATERER and SON'S EXHIBITION
of these Plants is now on View Daily, at the Gardens of
Cadogan Place, Sloan e Street.

Admittance. One Shilling.

H

Begonias a Specialty.
T AING'S BEGONIAS.— Awarded the Jubilee

J-^ Gold Medal at Manchester, and two Gold Medals by the
Royal Horticultural Society previously, also 26 First-class
Certificates this season, to our novelties, being evidence of
quality. Descriptive Price LIST free on application.
JOHN LAING AND CO., The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

AND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the

above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

STRAWBERRIES for Forcing.— W. Lovel
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners maybe had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, 3d.—W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Drifheld.

lELD AND HEARSON'S NICOTYL

VAPORISER. For the Destruction of Aphis, &c.,
WrrHOUT SMOKE. CATALOGUE post-free.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S., 75a. Queen Victoria Street,
E.C. ; Dep6t. Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E.

Important Notice.

To Florists. Seedsmen. Horticultural Builders. &c.

Plants, Flowkrs, Fruits and Vegetables a Specialty.

WM. J. WELCH begs to call particular
attention to his productions for
ILLUSTRATING BOOKS. MAGAZINES, CATALOGUES,
and for ADVERTISING PURPOSES.
For Specimens see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1883 to 1886.
ADDRESS; — 25, Wellington Street, Strand, Loudon, W.C.

34

THE GABDENEFS' CHRONICLE.

[JDI.T 9, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Friday Next.
VAIUABLE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instru.'ted by Mr. F. Sander, to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London,
E.G.. on FRIDAY NEXT, July 15, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, a splendid and healthy lot of rare and valuable
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Amongst many others the follow-
ing will be offered : —

Dendrobium iniundibulum,

Odontoglossum Alexandrse,

fine specimen

very distinct variety

,, Brymeriaiium

Cattleya Mossiee matutina

,, thyrsiflonim. fine speci-

„ Acltlandiff

men

», giga^, splendid speaimen

,, crassinode, m flower,

,, maxima Peruviensis

marvellous variety

„ Gaskelhana. splendid

Cypripedium caudatum, large

plants, well sheathed

plant

Sobralia macrantha

,. prffi-stana

Oncidium nigratum, large

,, stenophyllum

plant

„ Sedeni auperbum

Galeandra Baueri

Paphinia grandis

Masdevallia acrochordonia

Odontoglossum Hrnbyanum,

,, elephanticeps

rare

And many other choice Orchids

On view morning of Sa

e, and Catalogues had.

Flowering Orchids. Special Sale, July 26.

MESSRS. PRUTHEKOE and MURRIS
desire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of
ORCHIDS in Flower or Bud will take place on TUESDAY,
July 26, for which they will be glad to RECEIVE NOTICE of
ENTRIES as early as posssble^

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7344.)
SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden.
W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, July 13, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, a hne lot of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and
BUD, comprising Cattleya Sanderiana, C. Gaakelliana ; rare
Cypripediums; hne forms of Odontoglossum Pescatorei and O.
Alexandree, O. vexillarium. with fifteen spikes ; Lffilia elegans,
Oncidium macrauthum, Dendrobium thyrsillorum, and Disa
grandiHora, a lew ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7444.)

VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE
by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, July 13, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander,
valuable Importations of the following ORCHIDS, the whole
of which are in excellent condition ; — Cattleya velutina, C.
.superba splendens, Rio Negro variety ; Epidendrum bicornu-
tum, Stanhopea, probably new ; Epidendrum Stamfordianum,
Oncidium iridifolium, a very pretty free-blooming species;
Zygopetalum rostratum, Bifrenaria, species ; Cyrtopodium,
species ; Burlingtonia f ragrans, Oncidium varicosum Rogersii,
several Epidendrums, of sorts, and other choice Orchids. Also
consignments of Oncidium Sarcodes, Sophronitis grandiflora,
and Cattleya Aclandise, just received direct.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7445.)
CATTLEYA SANDERIANA, an importation of this most beau-
tiful Cattleya in fine condition ; C. MOSSLE, C. MEN-
DELn, ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM, the best type and
in splendid order; PILU.M.S'A NOBILIS, LYCASTE SKIN-
NERI, ODONTOGLOSSUM GRANDE, &c., from Messrs.
Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 14. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7445.)

L^LIA Pl'KPURATA, &c.

MR, J. 0. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. July 14,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. Ijy order of Mr. F. Sander,
L^LLA PURPURATA, ju-l r. .I'.i m .xtra tiue condition ;
the masses are very comi i . : large, and of line

shape. Also fine impun , , , I. .llowing rare aud

desirable species: — CAT 11.1.1 \ Is I i UMEDIA, C. LEO-
POLDIl. GO.SGORA SPECU-,.5, Z'i u. Ji i.lALUM SPECIES,
ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM, large bulbed pieces; O.
CRISPUM, CATILEYA HARRISONM, ZYGOPETALUM
CRINITUM. snLTONIA REGNELLI, STANHOPEA SPE-
CIES, and many other ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

London, S.£.

TO BE SOLD, a capital NURSERY. 2h
Acres of GROUND. 7 GREENHOUSES and RESIDENCE.
Bent £4i. Price JEIUO, including STOCK.

Full Particulars of PKOTHEKOE and MORRIS, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

OR SALE, a good established SEED and

NURSERY BUSINESS in Y'orkshire. There is a large
aud profitable Farm and Market Garden Seed Business done,
as well as a Branch Shop in a most fashionable Watering Place.
To a practical business man with capital this is a rare oppor-
tunity. If not Disposed of, a suitable PARTNER may be taken.
For full particulars. Sec, address, S„ Messrs. Hurst & Son,
Houndsditch, London, E.C.

FOR SALE, in consequence of Mr. Imrie's
death, the old-established and well-known NURSERY
BUSINESS so successfully carried on for upwards of sixty
years at Ayr. The Grounds extend to about 40 Acres, adjoin-
ing the Railway Station, and are well stocked with saleable
Trees and Shrubs. Further particulars on application to
IMRIE AND COMPANY, The Nurseries, Ayr, N.B.

FOR SALE, a MARKET NURSERY, -well
stocked. Long lea.se. At valuation, or a PARTNER
ACCEPTED. Freehold could be Purchased.

A. B., 28, Coleoso Road, Clajiton Park, London, N.

To Gardeners, Florists, and Others.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, the unexpired
LEASE. 20 years, of a small compart FLORIST'S BUSI-
NESS, consisting of five well-heated Greenhouses ; large Garden.
For particulars apply to E. OSMAN, Goldsworth Road,
Woking, Surrey.

To Florists.

TO BE LET, for the Culture and Exhibition
of Flowers and Plants under Ghiss. an extensive area of
LAND adjoining Kennington Park, in front of South Place and
Newington Terrace.

Apply to Messrs. MEYNELL AND PEMBERTON, Solicitors.
20, Whitehall Place, S.W.; or, to Mes.srs. BRIANT and SONS,
Estate Agents, 200. Kennington Park Road, S.E.

To Florists and Others.

TO BE LET, at Hampton, Jliddlesex, Detached
HOUSE, Coach-house, and Stable, with 2 to 3 ACRES
of good Loamy LAND, Gravel Subsoil. Excellent supply of
well-water. Rent, with 2 Acres, 50 Guineas per annum, on
lease. Apply, by letter, to

W. H. HUTCHINSON, St. Mary's Road, Long Ditton.

''PO LET, a small, compact NURSERY and

JL SEED BUSINESS. Well situated in a large town short
distance from London. Cash required £250, which includes
Stock. Fittings, and Fixtures ; also good Horse and Van.

Full particulars of HORTUS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street. Straud. W.C.

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

N OTIC E.

The FIRST GENERAL MEETING
of the Supporters of this Fund will be held in
the Conservatory of the Royal Horticultural
Society, South Kensington, S.W., on TUESDAY,
July 12, at 3 P.M., to receive and adopt the
Report of the Provisional Committee, as a basis
upon which to establish the Gardeners' Orphan
F"'und ; to elect Officers, Executive Committee, &c.

It is hoped that all sympathisers with the
movement will make it convenient to attend.

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Secretary.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DASIMAisN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

O AMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect

O House. Belper, Derbyshire, begs to offer tlie following, of
which he makes a Specialty : —

PRIMULAS — PRIMULAS —PRIMULAS. — Grand Premier
Prize and Covent Garden strains of the finest new colours, as
Pure White. Carmine, Rose, Salmon, Crimson, &c. Fine large
trusses and beautifully fringed flowers ; strong plants, to bloom
well, lj.3rf. per doz; extra strong, Ix. 6rf.; 9s.perl00. All free.

CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS. — Bull's
celebrated prize strain, dwarf, compact habit aud most
brilliant colours ; cannot possibly be excelled. Good plants,
la. 3d per dozen ; extra strong, l5. 6d. ; its. per 100. All free,

CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN. — Same grand
strain and from the same celebrated growers that I have sent
out for the last twenty years, but witli all the latest improve-
ments in colour, size, form, and habit. 1 year old plants, Is.Cd.
per dozen; extra strong, 2s.; 10s. per 100. All carriage free.
SAMUEL SHEPPEKSON. Flurist. I'rD4i..H't House. Belper.

HOOPER & CO., Lim.,

COVENT GABDEN LONDON.

Sow Now for Early Flowering in Spring.

KOEMER'S SUPEKi; I'Rl/E I'ANSIES.
' ty Tlie finest strain of Pansies in tlie world. ^1
C.\TALOGUE gratia and postfree on application.
FEIEUR. KOE.MER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, tiermany.

" ' Q IR WATKIN ' is the best and largest Nar- "

V^ " ciss, also deliciously scented. Special prices also "
" of ' Emperor ' Narciss, and all other Flowering Bulbs on"
" application."

JAS. DICKSON & BONS. *' Newton " Nurseries. Chester.
^i\ i\i\i\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^V/V.'\/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and ore of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 125. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-inrh pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on appli.ation.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and S''.'(i MiTrli;iTi(s. Worcester.

EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCKS.

THOMAS METli\ i';N AND SUNS
offer their choice strain of th..- iiWve. in flve varieties,
viz.. Scarlet, Purple. White, Crimson, and White Wall-lpiived,
at Is., 2s. 6rf., and 59. each colour. Price to the Trade on
application.

By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,
Edinburgh.

BEGONIAS.

For bedding-out or pots, splendid varieties. These are seed-
lings that can be thoroufjhly recommended.

Per dozen, 4s., post-free.

GLOXINIAS.

Seedlings of our magniticent strains, not eijualled by any in
existence that we are aware of. The most superb of house

plants. In thumb-pots, 6s. dozen.

PETUNIA HOOPER'S EMPRESS.

A lovely soft pink. pHrte.tly double, and of splendid habit.

Is. each ; 7s. 6d. dozen.

SGHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA.

A new plant of gre:it merit, destined to take a prominent
position as one of the best noveltie-S introduced for many years.
It flowers profusely in clusters, shape of the Allamanda, pure
white, deliciously scented, and lasting a long time in water ;
flowers large and of good substance. For cut blooms and
decorative purposes it is unique ; the culture most simple in
the ordinary greenhouse or conservatory.

lOs. 6d. and 218. each.
HOOPER & CO., Limited, Covent Garden.
rOR PRESENT & LATER SOWING.

CHOICEST FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

Superb Strains of AURICULA, BEGONIA,
CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA, CARNA-
TION, GLOXINIA, PRIMULA, &c., the finest
in cultivation, per packet Is., is. Qd., and '2s. &d.
Seeds & Plants of every description.

Priced CiTALOGUES post-free.

"James Dickson <& Sons,"

"ROYAL" SEED WAREHOUSE,

108 EASTGATE ST.,
CHESTER.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive "List of New, Ra.be, Aia>

Choice Ferns," and " Habdy Nobth AMERiciK Ferms,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

15,000 TEA ROSES,

Consisting of the following and numerous

other varieties,

AH fine plants, in 5} and 6 Incli pots :—

Souvenir de Paul Nehon
Isabella Sprunt
Madam Bravv
Waltham Climber No. 2
Sunset

NiPHETOS

Gloire de Dijon

Madame Cusine

Thk Pet

Puke of Connaught

Adam

Alba rosea

goubault

Waltham Climber No. 3

Climbing Devoniensis

12s., 15s., &18s. per doz., according to size.
The Company believe their Tea Roses to be
unsurpassed by any in the country : they are
clean, healthy, and vigorous, and, should any
purchaser be dissatisfied -with them, they may be
at once returned.

Price to the Trade on application.
LISTS, with full particular. % pout-free, on

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD k NURSERIES,
GARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL.

Mar^chal Niel

Pekle des Jardins

Safrano

Reint. Marie Hexbiette

Comtesse de Nadaillac

Souvenir d'un Ami

Catkerine Mermet

HOM^RE

Waltham Climber No. 1
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam
W. A. Richardson
Perle de Lyon
Etoile de Lton
Madame Lambard
Devoniensis

JuLT 9. 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

35

WINE GROWERS' AGENTS.

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

Old-established Wine and Spirit Merchants.

GOOD DINNER CLARETS fi'om 12s. 6d. per dozen.

SOLE AGENTS F(IR

GEVENCEY CHAMPAGNE (Sp^cialitt^), 30s. per dozeu.

99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.C.

FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY
CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Oustay A, Schultz,
Berlin. For price wTite to

JACOB Ajro VALENTIN, h6. Cheapside, London. E.C.

CARTERS'

VICTORIA PRIZE CALCEOLARIA.

AWARDED

First Prize (opeu to Eng-
hiii.n, Crystal Palace ... 188.3

Tlie Second Prize, Royal
Horticultural Society ... 188.T

The Extra Prize, Crystal
Palace 1884

Bronze Medal, Royal Bo-
tanic Society 1884

Large Bronze Medal, Royal
Botanic Society 1883

Banksian Medal, Roval
Horticultural Society * ... ISS.^

The Silver Medal. Ceylon... 1887
FINEST MIXED SEED,

Price Is. 6d., 2a. 6d., 3s. 6(1., & 5s. pkt., post-free.

SEEDS>rEV TO H.M. THE QUEEN AND H.R.H. THE

Pri:

: OF Wales.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

Appointed by

Special Warrant.

SUPERB STRAINS OF

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

The following are saved regardless of trouble and eipense, from
the moat refined and beautiful strains in existence ;~

PRIMULAS in variety, CINERARIAS, CAL-
CEOLARIAS, GLOXINIAS, BEGONIAS,
CARNATIONS, AURICULAS, POLYAN-
THUS, &c., per packet, \s., Is. Sd., and 2s. 6rf.

Illustrated Descriptwe CATALOGUES Post-free.

F. & A. Dickson & Sons,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

CHESTER.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TKACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
—Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6^. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake : free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, withoursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Ni

A WONDERFUL SIGHT OF FLOWERS.

Wiring mw ■See^U.

HOME OF FLOWERS.

HCAjSTNELL AND SONS having partially
• discontinued exhibiting, their Stock has increa.sed im-
mensely, and the Nursery never looked so glorious and complete
as now. Our BEGONIAS. PELARGONIUMS, VERBENAS,
FUCHSIAS. COLEUS. PETUNIaS. ACHDIENES. CARNA-
TIONS, PICOTEES. CANNAS. ROSES, PANSIES. HER-
BACEOUS, ALPINE, and other numerous plants are blooming
lovely, and the finest floral sight ever seen. The many
novelties form a most important feature all in the trade should
see. The three first-mentioned families are the finest and most
exquisite ever seen, and as regards ne;ir perfectiou they stand
far ahead of any hitherto exhibited.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

SWAN LEY, KENT,

New Fern, Adlantiim cuneatum elegans.
pHAKLES KKKSHAW now offers this

\J beautiful FERN, which will probably supersede all others
for cutting and decorative purposes. Mr. Moore says :—" This
is an elegant variety of the old favourite Adiantum cuneatum ;
its light airy appearance gives it a perfect claim to the title of
elegans which we propose to apply to it."

Extra strong plants, a foot across, with from ,30 to 50 fronds,
each. 2s. 6rf., or free per parcel post, 3s. Price to the Trade
on application.
CHARLES KERSHAW, The Slead Syke Nurseries, Brighouse.

PEAT — PEAT — PEAT. —
Verj' superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Mascal Estate, North Cray, Kent.

G GARDEN and FARM REQUISITES.—
W Archangel, Petersburg, Garden and Packing MATS of
e%-ery description. KAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, and CLOTH ;
GREENHOUSE SHADINGS of all kinds; PEAT, LOAM,
SILVER-SAND, and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE; GARDEN
NETTING and TOOLS ; RICK-CLOTHS and TARPAULINS
for sale or hire; MARQUEE, TENT, and FLAG Makers;
JUBILEE TENT, 26s. each, complete.

SLY, DIBBLE and CO.. 129, Commercial Street, London, E.
Illustrated Catalogues post-free.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

TWU PrIZK JlEDiLS.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacka included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... hs. per sack ; h sacks for 22s. 6rf.

PEAT, best black librouM ... \&,<ad. ,, 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 6s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... ^

PREPARED COMPOST, best (is. per bush., 3s. per sack

LEAF MOULD, best only f (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD, „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6i. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... id: lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) id. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest MiUtrack ... 6s. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-^ In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for ( ^.^^ -^

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, fTins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...J 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. U. per bushel

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, t»s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ■
30 sacks. 26s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail.
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONBON, E.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

4rf. per bushel ; ion fur 25.?. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40.S', ; 4-bushel bugs, 4rf. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6ii. per sack ; 6 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, 4rf. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. j sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. M. per bushel; 16s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, 4rf. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per suck.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately cjilled Ui, Coal Yard), W.C.

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-
CLAY & LEVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

MYOCQM FLY GUM.

Catches FLIES, MOSQUITOS, WASPS, &c.

Sample Box, Post-free for Is.

T. CHRISTY & CO., 2.5, Lime St., London, E.C,
THE ACME

a^a^

Safe and Sure.

WEED-KILLER, for destroying Weeds on Carriage Drives,
Garden Walks, Stable Yards, &c. Prices: Per gallon, 2^.,
tins included ; 5 gallons, l.s. 6rf. per gallon ; 10 gallons, Is 4rf.
per gallon. Special quotations for larger quantities. One
gallon makes 2tj gallons,

WORM-KILLER, for eradicating worms from Tennis
Courts, Lawns, and Plants in Pots. Prices; In bottles,
Is. Zd. and 2s. 6*^ ; per gallon. 6s.

KENTISH GARDEN MANURE.

FOR ATNES, PLANTS IN POTS, VEGETABLES, &c.

Guaranteed to Analysis by Mr. Bernard Dyer, B.Sc, F.C.S.,
F.I.C. London, Official Analyst to the Essex. Devon, Notts,
and other Agricultural Societies. Highly recommended. The
best Horticultural Manure in the mariiet.

Prices: In tins, M., Is., and 2s. 6rf. ; in bags, containing
28 lb., 7s. 6rf.; ditto. 1 cwt., 25s. Sample tin, m., post-free.
THE KENTISH SOLUBLE MANURE.

For use in Conservatories and on Plants in rooms. No dis-
agreeable smell. A perfect plant food. In tins, \id., %d., and
2s. ; in bags, containing 28 lb., 7s. Sample tin, post-free, 6d.

KENTISH LAWN FERTILISER.

Imparts permanent improvement to LAWNS, CRICKET

GROUNDS, &c. t'8 lb., bs. ; 66 lb., 8s. 6d. ; 1 cwt., 15s.

THE "INVICTA" INSECTICIDE.

For destroying insects and parasites on Plants and Trees,

such as mealy-bug, scale, thrips, red spider, American blight,

&c. In tins. Is. 3d. and 2s. 6rf ; per gallon, 9s. Small tins

make upwards of 14 gallons of wa.sh.

THE "INVICTA" MILDEW DESTROYER.

An unfailing remeily lor mould and mildew on Roses, Vines,
&c. In tins. Is, and 'Js.

Particulars free from the Manufacturers,

THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY

TON^BRIDGE, KENT.

Sold by Seedsmen and Florists.

Address, H. A. GRINDROD, Tonbridge.

36

THE OABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JoiY 9, 1887.

CARTERS'

BRILLIANT pRIZ_E QINERARIA.

Mh

r Medal Royal Botanic
ety

Banksian Medal. Royal

Hurticultural Society ...
t-xfru and Seuind Prize,

<- rjstal Pala<e

L ir^e Bronze Medal, Royal

li tuniL feoLiety

Bunk:,! in Medal. Royal

li rtiLultural Society ...
Ba ksuin Medal. Royal

HurtKultural Society ...

Laif^e Blunge Meilal.Ko>al Butanic Soiiety

FINEST MIXED SEED, containing Every Shade of Colour,

Price is. 6d., 2b. 6d., 3s. 6d. & 6a. pkt.. post-free

) H.R.H. THE

883

TO H.M. THE Qli

1 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

"HARTLAND'S'irish Grown DAFFODILS.

CORK, lUKLANU.

LISTS now ready. Wliulp^ale and Retail Offers.

GRAND BULBS Of "GIANT IRISH PRINCESS,"

for Forcing. Grown on muideu loam.

ROSES IN POTS

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36«. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

£5 FIRST PRIZL/v.

fX/ " HOW

vJ/to win."

The Finest, Largest, ami Earliest ^^.
Cabbage in cultivation. It ^^^C
weighs 4 lb. on May C, and
28 lb. in autumn. Another
Grand Competition wi
talie place July C, 1888.
No Entry Mou
Open to all. Par- X v
ticularawithSr '

Price:

la. per oz.,

Free.

S>'/

Mr. D. Inolis,
Howick Hall,
nner of last year's
gratis with Seed.

xi^/iVlEIN'SJVIARVEL ONION,

the it.s

6d. per pkt., post-free.

STUART & MEIN,

KELSO, SCOTLAND.

SUTTON'SSEEDS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

GARDENERS^ ORPHAN FUND.

Donations and Subscriptions already Promised or Sent.
THIRD LIST.

., Harborne Road,

, Carron Houne, Falkirk
;r. Shandou, Alnwii
The Warren. Bushey

Spinka, \V.. Royal Ni

Edgbajiton
Temple. W., (iardene
Thompson, J., Gardeu
Tbompson. H. S. J.,

Heath, Herts ...
Thorn. W., Gardener, Newton Don, Kelso
Tillvard, G. B., Gardener, Brocklesby Park,

"Ulceby

tidale, J.. Gardener, Elford Hall, Tamworth...
VowUi, W., Gardener, Copgrove Hall. Leeda...
Vicary. W.. Gardener, Sudbury House, Ham-

meramith. W

Veitcb Sc Son, R., Royal Nursery, Exeter
Vert. J., Grdur., Audley End. Saffron Waldeu
Weutworth. J. F. L'. Vernon, Wentworth

Castle, Barni^iley

', New Lodge, Hawk-
Inwood House, Hen

Whibley, A., Gard^

hurst. Kent
Wilkins. T., Gardene

stridge, Blaudford
Walier. R., Gardener. Gleustal Castle. Li
Webb, John, The Arboretum, Wood Lane, Isle-
Ward, T. C. ii'. M. PoUett & Co., 42 to 48, Fann

Street, E.C

Wallis. J., Grdr., Keele Hall, Newcastle. Staff
Woodbridge, J., Gardener, Syon House, Brent-
ford. W

Wynne. B., 17. Catherine Street. Strand, W.C,
Young Men, Trentham Hall Gardens, Stoke-on-
Trent

Young, N,. Gardener, Abberley Hall, Stourport
Miles. G. T., Grdnr., Wycombe Abbey, Bucks 1
Peed & Sons, J., Roupell Park Nurseries. S.W. 1
Brewer. W. J., c. o. H. M. Pollett & Co.,

Fann Street, E.C

Roberts, C. F., Gardener, Copse Hill,MoretoU'

i n-Marsh ...
Snelling. D., Grdnr., Laleham House, Staines
Alexander, D., Gardener, Brankstone Grange,

Alloa, N.B

Adama. W., Gardener, Lyme Hall, Stockport
Aahwood, H.. Gardener, Pinewood, Witley.

Godalming

Ajcher.W.. Grdnr.. Hill House, Saffron Walden
Allsop, J., Gardener, Dalton Hall, Hull
Armstrong. J.. Gardener, The Landing. Newby

Bridge, Ulverstoa

Alford, J.. Gardener. Pyt House, Tiabury
Armstrong, A., Grdnr., Ember Court, Thames

Ditton

Allen, W., Grdnr.. Normanhurst Court, Battle
Anness, T., Gardener, Keswick, Norwich
Aslett, G., Gardener. Warren Wood, Hattield .
Allen, L., Gardener. Buckhurat, Wokingham .
Anderson. J., The Cottage, Gibson's Hill,

Norwood

Allen Sl Sons, John, Ivy Bridge ...

Arnold, J., Gardener. Mereden Hall, Knutitford
Amys, J., Gardener, Hamble Cliff, Netley
Amateur Gardener, Bury St. EdmundB
Appleton,G.,The Gardens, Tranby Croft, Hull
AUis, G. R.. Gardener, Old Warden Park. Big-
gleswade...

Allan, W., Gardener, Barton Hall, Bury St,

Edmunds

"Anonymous," Abingdon

Bailey, F. A., Grdnr., Rode Hall. Stoke-on-Trent
Brown. W., Grdnr., Prideaui Place, Padstow

Bull. F., Clairville, Birkdale

Bloxham. G., Gardener, Brickhill Manor,

Bletchley
Blears. J., Gardener, The Flosh, Cieator vid

Caruf orth
Bolas, G., Grdnr., Hopton Hall, Wirksworth..
Batchelor. H., Grdnr., Catton Park. Norwich
Brunt. G., Gardener, Bretby Park. Burtou-on

Trent

Batts, C. Ashley Clinton, Lymington

Bettbsworth. T., Gardener, Burton Grange

Cheahunt. Herts

Brownell, T.. Gardener. Ryecroft, Bray, Co,

Wickli
Boatwright, C, Gardener, Moor Park, Farn-

ham, Surrey

Bott, A., Bilting, Wye, Kent ...
Beesley. J., Gardener, Denbies, Dorkinj
Barry. J., 1. Annandale Road. Chiswic!
Burt. J., 16. May Banlt Villas, Hither Green,

Lewisham

Bastin. G., Gardener. Farm Hill, near Stroud
Barker, A., Gardener, Walworth Castle, Dar-

Bisaett, .1.. Gardener, Oonholt Park, Andov
Br.-ese, W. C. Grdnr., Moreton Hall, Congleton
Bilker. J., Gorey Lodge, Grouville, Jersey
Barnett, C, Gardener, Hilton Park, Wolvei

iiampton
Biggs, E., Gard.. Frome, Whitfield. Dorchester
Browning, A., St. Mary'* Isle, Kirkcudbright

0 10 0
0 10 6
0 10 0

0 6 0

0 6 0

Budd. G., Grdnr., Wadhurst Park, Wadhurst ...

Burt, G., Gardener, Sunningdale, Ascot

Blaney, J., Grdnr.. Huntley Manor, Gloucester ...

Bone. J., Garaener, Latimers, Chesham

Bowler. J., Gardener, Caldecote, Nuneaton
Bartley.J,. Gardr., Wentworth Castle, Barualey ..
Baldwin, W. O., Gardener, Munden House,

Watford

Beckett, C, Gardener. Juniper Hill, Dorking
Berry, J., Gardener, Hall Place, Tonbridge
Burgesi, J., Grd., StitchworkPark.Nawmarket ..
Bartleman, A.. Gardener, Longridge Towers,

Berwick-on-Tweed

Buckerfield, T., Gardener, Shirburn Castle, Tits-
worth, Oxon

Button, H.,Ro/el Manor Lodge, St. Martin's, Jersey
Bradley, E. H., The Woodland Gardens, Bradford .
Berry, J., Gardener, Woodville Hall. Dover

Brockman, F. D.. Beachboro' Park, Hythe

Bailey, J., Gardener. Lypiatt Park. Stroud
Brown, A. J.. The Lodge, Finches, Lindtield, Sussex
Brummell. S., Overley, Wellington. Salop
Burgess, A., Gardener, Palmerstown, Straffan, Co.

Kildare

Bannister, G. H., Gardener, The Shrubbery, Baaing-

Batea, W., Gardener, Poulett Lodge, Twickenham
Barkway, C, Gardener, Flixton Hall, Bungay ...
Brittain, E. J., Waterloo Nursery, Salisbury
Blaudford, N.. Gardener, Moor Hill, Weatend,

Southampton

Byng, Mrs., Haines Hill, Twyford

Bentley, C, Gardener, The Cedars, Roehampton..,
Brown, G., Gardener. Dravton House, Thrapston ,.
Ballhatchet. A. J.. Gardener, Fulham Palace, S.W,
Burton. E.. Gardener. Limetield, Kirkby Lonsdale
Butler. J., Orchard I.aue Gardens, Sittingbourne ..,
Barlow, Miss, Titan Barrow. Bathford. Balh
Beckett. E., Gardener, Aldenliam Park, Elstree,

Herts

Clark, J., Gardener, Ribbleton Hall, Preston
Cballen. E.. Gardener, Bonningtons. Ware
Constable. F.. Grdnr., Redgrave Hall, Diss, Suffolk
Carr, W., Gardener, Hawkstoiie, Shrewsbury
Chettleburgh, Gardener, Worstead House, Norwich
Cleal, F. C, Gardener, Dover Court. Southsea
Coombs, H., Bnntingsdale, Market Drayton
Carter, J., Gardener, Arlington Court, Barnstapb
Constable, H.. Gardener, Dagnam Park, Romford ..
Cawdton, G., Gardener, Crayford House. Cra>'ford
Chambers, J., Gardener, Kinnersley Manor, Reigate
Coe. H.. Grdnr.. Henley Park, Henley-on-Thames
Chisholm. W. H., Gardener, Oxon Hoath Park,

Tonbridge

Carson. W. G.. Gardener, Normanby Hall. Middles-

borough-on-Tees

Cann. L., Gardener. Hopton Hall. Lovat. Yarmouth
Calder, A.. Gardener, Vaynol. Bangor. N. Wales.,
Corbett, G.. Gardener, Heaton Grange. Bolton ..,
Cromar, G., Gardener, Mount Alyn, Rassett,

Wrexham

Clayton, H. J., Grdnr.. Grimston Park. Tadcastei
Condie. J.. Gardener, Brook Hall, Harrow Weald.

Stanmore

Clark, J., Gardener, Studley Royal, Ripen ...
Cooke. S., Gardener, Rosetield. Seveuoaks ...
Conacher, W., Gardener, St. Fort, Newport, Dundee
Clarke, J. C. Gardener, Cothelstone House, Taun-
ton. Somerset
Clarke, J.. Gardener. Shadwell Court, Thetford ..,
Cakebread. H., Gardener, Rayners, Penu, Bucks ..
Curtis, G., Gardener. Timsbury Manor. Romsey ..,
Cotterell. W., Gardener, Y'otes Court, Mereworth.

Maidstone

Claydon. G., Gardener, Woodbury, Sandy

Chadwick. E., Gardener, Hanger Hill House,

Ealing ,

Coster, H., Gardaner, Froyle Park. Alton

Culverwell, G., Gardener, Newcastle, Ballymahon,

Co. Longford

Cramond, A., Gardener, Knoyle Hoxise, Salisbury
Corbett, J.. Gardener, Fawley Court, Henley-
Thames

Clarke, F.. Gardener, Lowther Castle, Penrith

Crofts. J.. Gardener, Rheola, Neath

Cox.W.. Grdnr., The Warren. Bushey Heath. Herts
Cronk. R. H,, Gardener, Cranford House, Hounslow
Coomber, T., Gardener, The Hendre. Monmouth
Christiw, A. D., Gardener, The Castle, Warwick
Cornford, J., Grdnr.. Quex Park. Birchington.Kent
Cameron, J., Gardener, Auchterarder House, Auch-

terarder

Copp, G. H., Gardener. Holnest House, Sherborne,

Carroll, J., Gardener. Titan Barrow, Bathford, Bath
Clement, G.. Gardener. Haseley Manor, Warwick
Castle. S., West Lynn Vineyard, Lynn
Christison, W., Gardener, Honewood, Chisle-

Cooper, C, Stonefield Nursery, Aldridge. Walsall,
Carpenter, G.. Grdnr., Rydens, Walton- ou-Thames

Further Donations and Subscriptions will be thankfully received by

A. F. BABBONy Honorary Secretary,

KOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS, CHISWICK, LONDON, W.

JniT 9, 1887.1

TEE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

37

STANDEN'S MANURE

Established 20 Years.

THIS OLD-ESTABLISHED MANURE
is acknowledged by the leading practical Gardeners in
the United Kingdom and the Colonies to exceed all others in
general fertilising properties and staying powera. It promotes
a rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally. For
Vines it cannot be too highly recommended, and this fact is
fiUly sustained from the resiult obtained by its use in the hands
of some of the most successful Grape growers. It is a clean
and dry Powder, with very little smell, which renders it par-
ticularly adaptable for ladies interested in plant culture.

The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render its
money vahte in comparison with other manures at least double ;
and users will find that very small quantities unll produce
favourable results.

Sold in new and enlarged Tins, 1/-, 2/6,
5/6, 10/6, and 21/- each. ; and in Kegs at
reduced prices— 281b., 12,6; 561b., 23/-;
1121b., 42/- each.

May be obtained from Kursetymen and Seedsmen in
the United Kingdom and the Colonies.

Sole Manufacturers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.

London, E.C.

ELLIOTT'S IMPROVED

"SUMMER CLOUD" SHADING

For Glass Structures that require Shading.

It combines EFFICACY with APPEARANCE, CONVE-
NIENCE with ECONOMY, and its effects are LASTING.

Sold in packets, Is. each, with full directions for use, and in
bags, 7 lb.. 125. ; 14 lb., 22s. ; may be obtained from all Seeds-
men and Nurserymen.

Sole Manufacturers and Proprietors,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.,

London, E.C.

Many years' experience has proved
this article the most certain and
efficacious remedy for the destruc-
tion of Daisies and Weedson Lawns.
If used according to the directions,
it cannot fail to produce a healthy
and luxuriant growth of grass in
one application ; and to enable the
article to be in more general use it
is now offered at the following

REDUCED PRICES,

Sold by all Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

Sole Manufacturers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.

London, E.C.

SEE THAT YOU OBTAIN

FOWLER'S LAWN SAND,

AU Fackagee having the name plainly attached.

ORCHID EXHIBITION.

One of the most beautiful sights
in London,

ORCHIDS.— The PRIVATE VIEW of
^^ Mr. William Bull's ORCHID EXHrnmON is open

to Patrons of the Establishment, every TUESDAY,

THURSDAY, and SATURDAY. 10 to 6 o'clock, throuKh-

out JULY.
Establishment for New and Kare Plants, 636, King's

Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

ORCHIDS.— The PUBLIC EXHIBITION
^-^ of ORCHIDS is open to the Public, every MONDAY,
WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY, 10 to 6 o'clock, through-
out JULY'. Admission, each day, 2s. 6(2.

/^RGHIDSm — A vision of loveliness unpa-
^^ ralleled in Europe.

ORCHIDS. — "Must be seen to be realised."

ORCHIDS. — "A scene of the greatest Orchidic
^"^ beauty, baffling description, and defying exaggeration."

/^RC H I DSi — Specimens in Flower from Brazil,
^^ Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador, Madagascar, Assam, Peru,
Costa Rica, Venezuela, West Indies, Burmah, Borneo,
and various other parts of the Eastern Archipelago.

ORCHIDS.— The Exhibition is worth going
^^ any distance to see at

MR. WILLIAM BULL'S

ESTABLISHMENT FOE NEW AND RARE PLANTS,
636. King's Road, Chelsea, Loudon, S.W.

BEGONIA EXHIBITION

The Grandest Floral Display
in London.

Open to the Public every day (Sundays excepted), from
July to September, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. dally.

ADMISSION FREE.

OUR EXHIBITIONS OF BEGONIAS

Have been celebrated for their varied beauty and
extent for the past few years, but the COLLEC-
TION now on view is superior to any of the kind
ever yet seen, both in single and double varieties,
the shades of colour being quite indescribable,
and must be seen to be appreciated.

All lovers of flowers are cordially Invited.

Nearest Railway Stations are Catford Bridge. Mid Kent Line
(S.E.R.). from Charing Cross, Waterloo, Cannon Street and
London Bridge ; and Forest Hill (L.B.&S.C.E.). from Victoria.
Kensington and West End, Croydon, &c. ; also from Liverpool
Street.

JOHN LAING & CO.,

Begonia Specialists and Nurserymen,

FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E.

Now ready, In clotli, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNK. IR87.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.O.

As a Supplement

TO THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

FOR

Next Week, July 16,

TVILL BE

Published a Full Page Engraving

OF THE

Royal Jubilee Bouquet.

SATURDAY, JULY 0, 1887.

AN IRISH GARDEN; A RETRO-
SPECT.
JUNE 4. — The longed-for moisture has
come at last ! A night of gentle rain
has given a sparkle to the morning hours
each leaf and flower empearled or diamond-set
with the rain-drops of the night. All Nature
rejoices. In the wood, the cuckoo's call is heard,
the thrush is trilling forth its liquid notes, and
overhead the white breast of the swallow gleams
against the sky as it skims the air.

Foremost among the opening Irises in the
garden is the white Florentine, so like a bit of
old Venetian glass that I wonder to myself if it
may not be that long ago, from its lovely curves
and opal hue, was modelled some rare, half
lucent piece of antique glass, whose pattern still
is traced through varied forms yet found in
Venice. Especially under lamp-light s this
suggestion of translucency most noticeable.

The Banksia Hose is now in bloom, th ; cold
winds having this year come later, for if they are
so early as to nip the buds that hold the blossom,
farewell to any hope of flowers ; but should
the little bloom-cluster be already formed, it
seems able to stand the blast. Very lovely
are these wild wreaths of soft, pale amber
blossoms, tossed up against the old grey wall,
and leaping as if to reach the deep blue sky
beyond. Long sprays are beautiful when cut
and brought indoors, as then the little Roses
open out more fully, and remain for a con-
siderable time fresh and fair. The long drought
has sadly marred the blooming of the yellow
Himalayan Poppy, the blossoms have remained
so thickly clustered, that, though individually
very large, they cannot open with any grace,
from being too closely pressed together. This
Poppy is moisture-loving, and when this need is
supplied there is a marked difference in the free-
dom of growth, all the side branches blossoming
at the same time as the centre one, like some
large candelabra hung with yellow lamps. Near
the group of Indian Poppies, Veronica Hulkeana
is in flower ; the winter's blast always robs it of
some branches, but when these are cut away

38

THE GABDENEBS' GEBONIGLE.

[July 9, 1887.

enough are left to give soft spikes of pale mauve
blossoms. It grows freely from cuttings taken
now, wintered in a cold frame, and planted out
in spring. If fastened against a wall, the warmth
and shelter thus afforded greatly help its safe
passage through the frosts of winter. Heuchera
sanguinea has been in flower for several weeks.
It has great staying power, for its delicate sprays
of carmine blossom are still perfect, and in a cut
state associate charmingly with Veronica Hul-
keana, and a few dark satin leaves from Heuchera
Richardsoni.

During the storms of hail that swept the
garden towards the end of May, a large plant of
Papaver orientale was beaten down ; but as
Nature, where she mends, always makes the rent
more beautiful than when entire, so the Poppies
fallen among the snowy Saxifrages, set in the
rock fragments that mark the walk, are still more
beautiful to-day, opening their fiery petals among
the pure white blossoms.

It is pleasant sometimes to see one's garden
from a distance, or rather, where one's garden
lies, while yet it is invisible. In a short excur-
sion to-day have I thus been gazing back. The
day is- cloudless. The air calm, with a liquid
clearness that seems to drink in colour from
every ray of sunlight. Out from .shore there is
a stretch of yellow sand breaking the tideway's
onward rush in stormy hours. But to-day all
sound is hushed, peace rests upon the sea, and
the ridge of sand looks like a golden band across
the tranquil water. Beyond the sands the tide
is flowing close to shore, of a turquoise-blue.
Above the rocky cliffs are purple and reddish
hued, darkening as they rise with Heather not
yet in bloom, and Gorse which still bears tracery
of gold. To the north the sloping ground is
pasture land, bright fields of springing corn, and
groves of Elm, and Ash, and Beechen trees, close
nestling from the blast of winter days ; while
above all, from the very summit, ascends a thick
soft cloud of pale grey smoke, rising slowly as
from a crater's centre into the deep azure sky.
We know it is some spot made desolate by the
burning of green Gorse and Heather, and yet this
cloudy pillar rising aloft into the blue zenith
makes the scene more perfect.

June 24. — Three weeks of burning sun without
cloud or shower has brought an agony of thir.st
amongst the flowers. Deep fissures are rent in
the ground, and the earth is baked hard like
bricks. Only the Roses do not seem to care, and
are blossoming with bewildering luxuriance.
The Reve d'Or is flowing over on either side the
paling which .supports it in long wreaths of
golden blossoms ; no pruning-knife has touched
it, consequently every branch is covered with
buds and blossoms hanging down in long fes-
toons or tossed aloft in spreading branches,
hundreds of flowers being open together in the
sunshine. The old Gloire de Dijon is also laden
with blossoms, but with its stronger habit has
not the airy grace of the Reve d'Or. W. A.
Richardson does not bear the full blaze of sun-
shine so readily ; though the flowers seem larger
and opening out in softer fulness, yet the deep
apricot colour fades in the mid-day glare, leaving
only the glow of orange-red enclosed mid the
centre petals. The enchanting colour can, however,
be retained during scorching weather by gather-
ing the buds just as they open and bringing them
within the shade and coolness of the house.

Iris Susiana, planted two years ago, is in flower
for the first time. It has never received any pro-
tection through the severest frosts, and, growing
in the open border, has sent up a strong spike
bearing one large blossom. What a contrast to
the sombre beauty of this mourning Iris are the

fluttering petals of the Flag species, dyed with
purple and blue and yellow, with every changeful
hue, as they merge from deep red-bronze through
gold to yellow, faint as the first soft rays of
dawn ; and from purple, rich as a royal robe, to
lilac, so pale as but to o'erflush the white. Then
the exquisite tracery on the petals ! — who can tell
what subtlety of curve and line, what infinite
variety of marking is pictured there ! Nature's
pencil on the Iris leaf is inspired.

An immense tree of Escallonia macrantha is
now all rose colour with blossom, the shining
green leaves being scarcely visible. As a hedge
the Escallonia affords invaluable shelter from
wind, but as it has to be clipped within bounds
every summer, it does not bear the propor-
tion of flowers which an unpruned tree pro-
duces ; but still there are enough rose-coral
blossoms through the vivid green to make it
very attractive in the month of .Tune, and later
on the dark foliage is a fine background for
white flowers. At present Mrs. Sinkins, that
snowball Pink, is in masses just in front of such
a hedge. The Escallonia is easily propagated by
cuttings, which, once struck, grow with extreme
rapidity ; but as it greatly resents being moved,
for a hedge it is well to strike the cuttings where
they are to remain. Around the tree the air is
quite aromatic and resonant with the busy hum
of large wild bees collecting honey, and to-day
the humming-bird moth is darting among, and
hovering above each blossom, while its trunk
pierces to their very depth.

What a weird-looking plant is the Lizard
Orchis (0. hircina), with its twisted, cloven
tongues of purple-red, as if hissing at one from
the sardonic face within the cowl. Sixty of
these long, tortuous tongues, are already shot
out, while twenty more flowers are waiting to
unclose.

Among Pseonies, the single white albi flora
looks like a bride. The petals are of a dazzling
whiteness, nearly always nine in number, in-
dented round the edge, and slightly lobed, while
in the centre is a rich golden tassel of stamens,
over which the petals half close at dusk, opening
wide in the morning sunshine, as a disc measuring
8 inches across. There is no fairer blossom in
the garden. L. A. L.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

SCHOMBUEGKIA THOMSONIANA, n. sp*
If this was not a Schomburgkia, how it would be
admired ! .But " Schomburgkias take too much space,
and they never flower." Go to Sunbury House, to
Major Lendy. there they flower. "Well, that is an
exception ; they also flower with Mr. H. T. Ross ; "
but they do not do their annual duty, hence
they are disregarded. What can you say against
this ? Would it not be better to see how they have
to be treated, and finally is not Lcelia superbiens
itself a Schomburgkia tip-top, if there is any charac-
ter of the "genus?" I learn the habit is just that
of Schomburgkia tibicinis, yet the plant is not quite
so large. Panicle with fifteen flowers nearly like those
of Schomburgkia tibicinis. Sepals ligulate, a little
wavy, lightest yellow inside, outside light yellow at the
borders, with green mid-nerve at the top, all the disc
lightest mauve, with numerous very small white dots.
Petals light sulphur, with some dark purple lines and
streaks in the mid-line outside. Lip trifid, side-laciniae

* Schomburgkia Tkomsoniana, n. sp, — Afflnis SL-homburgkiro
tibicinis, Bat.; planta minor; infloresoentia p.iniculata;
flepalig tepalisque ligalatis acutia undulatis; labello trifido.
laciniis lateralibus triangulis extrorsum obtusatis, laciuia
raediana ligulata emarginata valde crispa, carinis ternis a
basi versus apicem lacinise medianw in disco hujus superiori
granulatis ; anthera vertice emarginnta. Bletia Thomsouiana,
Rchb. f. H. G. Rrhb. f.

blunt, rounded, angulate, mid-lacinia ligulate, emar-
ginate, exceedingly wavy. There are three obscure
keels passing from the base of the lip nearly to its
apex, blackish-purple, except on the superior half of
the mid-lacinia, where they are light yellow on a
small white area, granulate at once. The disc as
well as the anterior lacinia, excepting what is just
stated, is dark blackish-purple, and on the side of the
mid-area there are numerous oblique short radiating
lines, as also outside on the angle. Column light
green and streaked with a little purple outside. Front
side white, with purple parallel lines at the base.
Anther bilobed at the top. This gay plant was ex-
hibited last year at the Liverpool Horticultural
Exhibition. The possessor is W. J. Thomson, Esq.,
of St. Helen's, Lancashire. A fine inflorescence of it
was sent this year to Mr. J. Day, who, after having
drawn it, most kindly sent me the lovely beauty. I
am very pleased to call it Thomsoniana, I had, how-
ever, known the plant before Mr. Day's present, as
Mr. J. O'Brien had favoured me with some flowers
of it from the same source. H. G. Bchb.f.

NOTYLIA BUNOEROTHII, n. Sp*

A very neat botanical curiosity. Tt has very large
and broad oblong equal bulbs and broad leaves,
nearly equalling a span in length by 2 to 3 inehes
in width. In the two specimens at hand the long,
many-flowered peduncle has a second, or even a
third, nearly equal inflorescence as a branch rising
from the sheath underneath. The flowers are closely
packed and numerous. They are yellowish-green.
Dorsal sepal very falcate. Petals linear, falcate, green
at the top, white at the base, with an orange eye-
spot at the base. Lip small, very like that of Notylia
micrantha white, not hastate or sagitatte at all, but
the lacinia is singularly rounded. It is a discovery
of Mr. Bungeroth, and was kindly sent to me by
Messrs. Linden of " L'Horticulture Internationale "
at Brussels. K G. Bchh.f.

CVPRIPEDIUM LawRENCEANUM {Echh. f.) STENOSE-

MiuM, n. var.

Mr. Tautz,StudIey House, GoldhawkRoad. London,
W., has kindly sent me this. It is, as I learn, an
introduction of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. The upper
sepal is far narrower than in the typical plant ; it is
nearly elliptic. The consequence is, of course, tha^
the nerves run close together, and are far straighter.
It is to be hoped that we may learn whether the
whole importation is alike, or whether this is a
single aberring plant. H. G. Hchb.f.

Iris Boissieri.

Mr. A. W. Tait, of Oporto, who is doing so much
to extend our knowledge of the flora of Portugal,
found two or three years back in the Gerez Moun-
tains, at an altitude of 600 to 900 metres, an Iris
(Xiphion) which has been recognised by Professor
Henriquez, of Coirabra, as a new species, and named
by him Iris Boissieri. Mr. Tait kindly sent me a few
bulbs, which have recently flowered.

I. Boissieri is closely allied to I. filifolia, but
differs in having a very distinct tube above the
ovary, in having broader more obovate inner perianth
segments, in the claw of the outer perianth segment
being long and narrow, and furnished with a very
distinct beard, which stretches far on into the lamina,
and in colour. It is, as far as I know, the only
bulbous Iris (Xiphion) bearing a beard.

Besides the botanical and morphological interest
which it possesses, it is a very welcome addition to
our bulbous Irises, being extremely handsome ; the
rich blue-purple marked with deeper red-purple
veins of the lamina of the fall contrasts pleasantly
with the rich golden hue of the " signal," which
is broad and conspicuous, and the purple of

" Notylia Bungerotkii, n. sp. — Aff. N. IniEe ; pseudobulbis
oblongis rugosis; folis cuneato-oblongis obtuse acutia latis ;
pedunculo ramoso (an semper?) ; floribua densissiniis ; sepalo
iraparifornicatofalcato, sepalis lateralibus ante medium bifidis.
laciniis angustis rectis ; tepalis lineari-falcatis, labello bre-
vissime unguiculato oblongo acuto, sepali-t bene breviori ;
col'imna laevi. In America fequin. det. exc. Bungeroth.
H.G.Jtekb.f,

Jdlt 9, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

39

the standards is also very fine. The bulbs,
which were in the open in my garden all the last
winter, have flowered as well or better than those
in a frame ; so that the plant is probably hardy.
It flowers rather earlier than I. Xiphion (Spanish
Iris) coming between it and I. tingitana. Mr. Taifc
may be congratulated on his happy discovery. M,
Foster, Shelf ord, Jidy 4.

NEW PLANTS CERTIFICATED

%* B.C.. Botanical Certificate: F.C., Floral Certificate :
either being equal to a First-class Certificate.
Abies canadensis argentea

, . excelaa mutabi Us
Adiantum CapiUus- Veneris

Mariesii

Amaryllis Edith Wynne

„ Her Majesty

„ Hilda

., Hon. and Rev. J. T.
Boscawen

,, Oriflamme

„ Titania

,, R. D. Blackmore
Auricula (show) Montrose . . .

,, (show) Rev. Charles
King«.]ev

,. (show) Tiresias

Begonia alba magna

,, Ducheas of Edinburgh ...

., Duke of Edinburgh

,, marginata

,, Mrs. Apthorpe ...

„ Prince of Wales

„ Princess of Wales

„ Princess Louise

,, Princess Roval

„ Queen Victoria

, , Scarlet Perfection

,, Terra Cotta

Boronia heterophylla

Cattleya Mendel ii graudis ...

limbata
,. Mrs. Little
Mossise, Darnel's

Chamsedorea syuecanthus
Cineraria Ariel ...

,, Blue Bonnet

„ Eclipse

„ niuminator

„ Jubilee

„ Royalty

,, Stella

Coleus Jubilee

Cyclamen persicum majes

„ Queen of the Crimsons..

,, Royal Jubilee

Dendrobium polyphlebium
Diplazium hians
Gloxinia Alfred Outram
Ilex aquifolium insigne
Junlperus canadensis aurea
LEelia grandis

,, purpurata Cypheri
Wyattiana

Veitch & Son, June 15— B.C.
Veitch & Son. April 20— F.C.
Veitch &. Son, March 23— F.C.
J. Douglas, April 20— F.C.

Veitch & Son. March 23— F.C.
J. Douglas. March 23— F.C.
Veitch & Son, March 23— F.C.
Paul & Son, April 20— F.C.
J. Douglas, April 20— F.C.

J. Douglas, April 20— F.C.
J. Douglas. April 20— F.C.
Laing & Co., June 15— F.C.
Laing & Co., June 15-B.C.
Laing & Co., June 15— F.C.
Laing & Co., June 15— F.C.
Laing & Co., June 15— F.C.
Laing & Co., May 18— F.C.
Laing & Co., May 18— F.C.
Laing Sc Co., June 15 — B.C.
Laing & Co., June 15— F.C.
Laing & Co., May 18— F.C.
Laing & Co., June 15— B.C.
Laing & Co., June 15— F.C.
Veitch & Son, March 23— B.C.
Hill. May 18— B.C.
Bethell, June 15— B.C.
Hill, Mav 18— B.C.
ety Elliott. June 15— B.C.

B. S. Williams. May 18— B.C.]
James, April 20— F.C.
James, March 23— F.C.
James, April 20— F.C.
James, March 23— F.C.
James, April 20— F.C.
James. April 20— F.C.
James, March 23— F.C.
Chitty, June 15— F.C.

J. Odell. April 20— F.C.

J. Odell, April 12— F.C.
... J. Odell. March 23— F.C.
... R. B. White, June 15— B.C.
... Veitch & Son. June 15— B.C.
... B. S. Williams. May 18— F.C.
... Veitch & Son, June 15— B.C.
... Veitch & Son. June 15— B.C.
... B. S. Williams, May 18— B.C.
... Cypher, May 18— B.C.
... Cypher, May 18— B.C.
Masdevallia Harryaua graudis Sander & Co., June 15 — B.C.
Narcissus cyclamineus ... Barr & Son, April 20— B.C.

Odontoglossum Andersoni-

' ' B. S, Williams. May 18— B.C.

Sander & Co., June 15 — ^B.G.

Blair. June 15— B.C.

May 18— B.C.

R. B. Lemon. March 22— B.C.

Ware, May 18— F.C.

Ware, May 18— F.C.

Ware, May 18— F.C.

Ware, May 18— F.C.

,, Jacombianum

Oncidium Brunleesianum
Peeony (Tree) Maria

„ ,, odorata

„ ,, rosea odorata

,, ,, Triomphe de Milan..
Pelargonium (fancy) i

C. Turner, June 15— F.C.

C. Turner, June 15- F.C.

E. B. Foster, June 15— F.C.

. Turner. May 18— F.C.

E. B. Foster, June 15— F.C.

.. (show) Duke of Clarence,
., ., Magpie

,, ,, Marion

Primula obtusifolia (?) Gam-

Pteris Mayi

„ tremula fiaccida

Pyrethrmn Aphrodite

„ Figaro

„ Florentine

,, Merry Hampton
Rhododendron balsammeeflo-

, , luteo-roscura

Rose (Tea) Miss Edith Gifford Turner, May 18— F.C.

„ (H.P.) Puritan ' " ~ - -

Selagiuella gracilis

Sequoia sempervirens albo-

spicata Veitch & Son, June 15 — B.C.

Thuia gigantea aurea Veitch & Son, June 15 — B.C.

TroUius Fortune! fl.-pl. ... Ware, May 18— F.C.

Viburnum phcatum Veitch & Son, June 15 — B.C.

J. Douglas, April 20— B.C.
H. B. May, April 20— B.C.
H. B. May, April 20— B.C.
Kelway & Sons, June 15— F.C.
Kelway & Sons, June 15 — F.C.
Kelway & Sons, June 15— F.C.
Xelway &. Sons. June 15— F.C.
Kelway & Sons. June 15— F.C.

TRADE MEMORANDUM.

C. FouLON & Co., late of 3, Throgmorton Avenue,
London, E.G., are requested to furnish their present

SERKYS TEA.

Under the above name, a medicinal tea has
attracted some attention of late — though if we are
to believe all that is said of it, its use is of great
antiquity. It is advertised as "Dr. de Gardarien's
Serkys of Asia, or Sultanas Imperial Tea, Preserver
of Health, Youth, and Beauty," and in the printed
description which accompanies each packet, the
following statement is given : — " This great treasure
until now enveloped in mystery, was discovered by
the dervish who first brought to light the qualities of
Moka, and by him presented to the Sultan Osman I.
It is a tea made from some of the most refreshing
and balsamic plants which grow at the feet of the
mountains of Mecca and Lebanon. It has all the
beneficent qualities of the herbs of these countries,
and the Sultanas, jealous of their youth and beauty,
kept the secret for themselves alone.

"The tea is very refreshing. It facilitates the
digestion, hardens the flesh, clears the complexion,
and gives it the transparency and freshness of the
Kose. The assiduous use of this tea night and
morning will be followed with success in every case
even when used by ladies of advanced age. It has
the advantage of possessing a most agreeable taste,
which has rendered it the favourite beverage of the
Sultanas."

The following extract is then given from the works
of Paul Lucas, who, in the history of his third journey
to the East, made by order of Louis XIV., thus
■writes : — " In my last travels in the East I discovered
the plants from which the Serkys is made. I was
ignorant then that these plants were known in the
seraglio, and that the Sultanas used them extensively.
The Serkys is taken like ordinary tea with rum,
cream. Sec. After a slight infusion the water
becomes amber-coloured. The tea has so many
different tastes that it would be difficult to define
them ; it is very delicious, and unlike anything we
have in Europe. I am assured that the Sultanas
who use it very frequently long remain young and
rosy. I was enabled to convince myself of the truth
of this assertion. My quality of physician to the
King of France gained me the favour of an intro-
duction to the widow of Hassan Pacha, who was
dangerously ill. Knowing that it was the custom for
the two oldest ladies of the seraglio to wait upon the
Sultana, what was my surprise to see with her two
young persons of twenty-five or thirty years. I
expressed my surprise to the people near me, and to
the doctor of her Highness, who was one of my
friends ; they laughed, and assured me that the two
ladies I believed to be so young were more than
sixty years old, and that it was the continual
drinking of the Serkys which had produced such an
effect. When I had cured the Sultana by means of
a plant which grows on Mount Argeis, I asked her
through my friend the doctor for some of this mar-
vellous tea, and she gave me a certain quantity, to
show her gratitude.

" I do not intend to publish here the miracles to
be ^vrought by means of Serkys, but after having
carefully examined it I am able to state that it is a
most excellent drink for the health ; that it renews
and purifies the blood, thus preventing all skin
diseases ; that its constant use preserves the skin in
all its primitive vigour, and keeps ofi" the germs of
all diseases, thus maintaining the purity and fresh-
ness of youth, and constituting a real beauty, and so
making all persons who use it frequently appear
young and beautiful."

The tea, or rather the infusion, is prepared in the
same way as Chinese tea. It is recommended to
allow it to steep or draw not more than three or four
minutes, and to sweeten according to taste. It is
sold in packets at a high price, the chief depot being
in Paris, with agencies in London. Probably for the
purpose of preventing the identification of the plants
used the leaves are broken up into very small
particles. Upon infusing a sample a strong smell of
sage is given off, and the fl^avour of the infusion con-
firms the presence of this plant, though the leaves
are so much broken that only occasional particles

are found. Upon microscopical examination Pro-
fessor Oliver detected the seeds of a Chenopodium
probably C. ambrosioides, the leaf of which also
seems to be present, mixed, however, with various
other leaves apparently to increase its bulk. John R.
Jackson, Museum, Royal Gardens, Kew.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF WATER-
ING OUTDOOR PLANTS.

Two acknowledged agencies in vigorous and
healthy plant growth are heat and moisture ; plants
growing out-of-doors must usually take the heat as
they find it, and as we cannot increase this element
our object should be not to diminish it. Moisture,
on the other hand, is more under our control, but if
we exercise that control and water our plants during
dry weather in the evening, we do so at the expense
of a great portion of the heat we decide to preserve.
Two influences are thus brought into operation in
cooling down the plants and retarding their gro^vth,
which we vainly endeavour to urge forward by
moisture ; these are, evaporation and radiation.

Evaporation is the more rapid in proportion to
the dryness of the air, and therefore it is most active
when the necessity for watering is the most urgent ;
but evaporation cannot take place without producing
cold, and that cold is proportionate to the rapidity
of the evaporating process.

Chemistry points out the reason of this, vapour
having a greater capacity for heat than water, the
heat, sensible in the water, becomes latent in its
vapour, and the temperature falls — additional heat,
to keep up the temperature, not being quickly enough
supplied by the surrounding media.

What then, is the practical effect of an evening's
watering? The air is dry from the heat of the day,
and evaporation goes on briskly ; the temperature
consequently falls, and the plants are chilled, as
there are no sun's rays to communicate fresh warmth.
The growth of plants thus treated is sometimes
even more unsatisfactory than that of others grow-
ing in apparently arid soil, which have been allowed
to take their chance.

The other source of diminished temperature we
referred to was radiation. Every warm body tends
continually to throw off its heat to all other bodies
of lower warmth, near or remote.

But radiation in meteorology is more particularly
confined to " the radiation of heat from the surface
of the earth and objects on it into a clear sky."

We kuow that all objects do not radiate heat with
equal rapidity : rough surfaces do it more readily
than smooth, and dark surfaces than those of a
lighter shade of colour. If we apply this knowledge
to the process of watering, we shall find that almost
all soils are darkened in their colour by moisture,
and therefore by the practice of evening watering we
put the soil into the best possible condition for
getting cooled down during the night. It is thus
that the combined influence of evaporation and
radiation exerts itself in thwarting the very desire
of such as thoughtlessly practise evening watering,
although we know it is too frequently believed that,
so long as plants get water, it is entirely a matter of
indifference when it is applied.

On the other hand, by adopting morning water-
ings, there can be no doubt but that evaporation
will go on much more freely, but the atmosphere
is becoming warmer instead of colder, and the sun's
rays exert their counteracting influence.

The darkened surface of the soil — that very condi-
tion which makes the ground throw off its heat more
readily during the night — causes it to imbibe the
heat of the sun's rays by day with increased facility,
so that we have the greatest amount of the fostering
agencies of heat and moisture for successful plant-
growth.

Artificial waterings, to be most effective, should be
copious and abundant, and applied either in early
morning or during a dull day.

Water that has been previously exposed to the
sun's rays is always preferable to that freshly ob-

40

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[July 9, 1887.

tained from a cold tank or well, owinp; to the chill
imparted to the circulatory fluid of the plants by the
application of such low temperatured water. J. J. W.

FLORISTS' TULIPS.

Will this gorgeous flower ever be grown in the
South of England again ? Time was when there was
a considerable circle of leading and a number of
small growers within the county of Middlesex — when
John Edwards at HoUoway, Henry Groom and
Henry Goldham at Clapham, the brothers La%vrence
at Hampton, S. Sanders at Staines, and others, grew
fine and varied collections ; while at Walworth,
Camberwell, and other suburbs, small collections
were grown by less ambitious enthusiasts. As late as
1864 I saw small beds in some of the back gardens
of the houses in the south side of the Walworth
Road, as I travelled by the London, Chatham, and
Dover Railway. To the best of my knowledge Mid-
dlesex does not contain a collection of named florists'
Tulips; and 1 do not know of a single grower south
of Warwick — at least one who grows for exhibition.
In Cheshire, Lancashire, and Yorkshire, the interest
in this flower is still maintained, as was shown in the
extent of the recent Tulip show at Manchester, and
in the fact that while some old exhibitors could not
compete, owing to the lateness of the season, some
new ones put in a first appearance, to the encourage-
ment of the principal supporters of the show.

New Tulips grow by slow degrees. A. few pro-
mising unnamed seedlings were shown on this occa-
sion, but nothing of a distinct and striking character
that would justify the bestowal of a certificate.
Feathered flowers, generally scarce, appeared to be
unusually numerous — more so than the flamed flowers.
Breeders were fairly numerous, but unless it is in the
case of a well-known strain that can be depended
upon, many breeders when they change to rectifled
flowers show poor and unsatisfactory results, while
ugly and dull coloured ones will be transformed into
floral gems of the first water.

In the way of feathered bizarres a few were shown
in fine form; prominent was Commander, very fine
on this occasion, the golden ground and rich dark
feathering being good, and there was lacking the
stained stamens that frequently mar the beauty
of the variety. Masterpiece was in excellent form,
with its dark, almost black, feathering. General
Grant, one of the late John Hepworth's seedlings, has
a deep yellow ground, and brilliant red feather, but
is a little dull at the base. William Wilson (Hardy),
was very good. Asclepias (Thurstan), is a good
feathered bizarres. Garibaldi is one of the best
feathered bizarres; and a few good blooms of Sir
Joseph Faxton were shown in this character. Flamed
bizarres were lesi numerous ; Sir Joseph Paxton, a
fine old and reliable variety, was numerously shown,
and selected as the premier flamed flower of the
show. It appears to be something like a tradition
among the Northern judges that this variety should
be selected to occupy this proud position. Car-
buncle, broken by Mr. S. Barlow, is a remarkably
fine flower, large, fine form, and so pure at the base
as not to require bleaching. It was thought by good
judges to have been the best flamed flower in the
entire show. Dr. Hardy was very fine ; and Poly-
phemus, a flower seventy or eighty years old at least,
very finely marked. Orion was finely marked also,
but showed touches of the greenness at the base to
which it is subject. Ajax and William Lea were
both in fairly good form.

Feathered roses, as the Rev. F. D. Horner has
aptly remarked, are among the fairest and gentlest
of the show Tulip, and the custom of giving thera
feminine names is a general one. Annie McGregor
was very fine in shape and marking ; and it is one of
the best feathered roses in cultivation. Mr. Thurs-
tan (Thurstan) is really beautiful in a feathered
state with its bright scarlet-crimson marking; good
form and pure in the ground. Nanny Gibson was
very good, but it was frequently disfigured by a
bluish marking in the ground. Mrs. Lomax, or
Mabel, and old Heroine were very good. Julia

Farnese isja very^useful variety, pure in the ground
with a bright scarlet, thick and broad, or what is
termed a " plated " feather. Modesty and Industry
were both very good. The leading flamed roses
were Annie McGregor, as good flamed as feathered ;
Mrs. Lea, a very scarce variety, was also well
shown; Lady Catherine Gordon is an old variety,
shown in very flne form, but too young, as it required
more time for the base to bleach. Aglaia is an old
but good and useful early variety, but with narrow
petals.

Feathered byblo?mens, always a scarce class, were,
with one or two exceptions, weakly shown. Mrs.
Cooper was very fine indeed, and should have had
the honour of being selected as the premier feathered
flower, being undoubtedly the flnest feathered bybloe-
men in cultivation, and so constant as to rarely
produce a rough flower. A seedling (Woolley) is of
the style of Friar Tuck, and is a distinct well made
and useful flower. Bessie is a good flower, but
requires time for the base to bleach ; it was then
shown with stained bottoms in consequence. Mrs.
Jackson, with its glossy black feathering, was very
pure ; Adonis was fairly well shown.

Of bizarre breeder Tulips the best were Sir J.
Paxton, Horatio, a grand breeder, said to have been
raised by the late Richard Headly ; William Lea,
very fine, and William Wilson, of a kind of leathery-
yellow colour, with a brownish edge. The three
best bizarre breeders are Sir J. Paxton, Dr. Hardy,
a little small but very correct, and Horatio. The
three best byblcemen breeders are Alice Grey, light
lilac, always good; Glory of Stakehill, undoubtedly
the champion of the class ; and Beauty of Litchurch.
David Jackson should be noted as an early variety.
The three best rose breeders are Mrs. Barlow, a
beautiful flower; Mabel, and Miss Burdett Coutts,
one of the best ; Annie McGregor is very good, of a
pleasing bright rose colour, very pure at the base.

In addition, Mr. James Thurstan, of Cardiff,
secured prizes for seedling breeders, bizarres, roses,
and byblocmens ; and the Rev. F. D. Horner had
some promising seedlings also. Some seedling recti-
fied flowers were shown by Messrs. D. WooUey and
W. Dyraock, of Stockport. R. D.

New Inventions.

HOUSE'S REGISTERED EXHIBITION-BOX.
Mh. John House, Eastgate Nurseries, Peter-
borough, has just registered an exhibition-box for
Roses and other cut flowers, which, if generally
adopted by the Rose-growing and exhibiting frater-
nity, would do much to improve the unsightly appear-
ance of some of our leading Rose shows. Who has not
had their sense of fitness in things greatly outraged
when attending an exhibition of Roses, by seeing
lines of boxes of different sizes, heights, and colours,
holding flowers arranged in tubes on moss, the
flowers at varying elevations, and the moss too often
slovenly placed under the flowers, and frequently of
a colour that detracts from, rather than adds to, the
effectiveness of the blooms. Then in some localities
good moss is very difficult to obtain, and this con-
sideration induced Mr. House to set about finding a
substitute. He states that moss cannot be got
within 20 miles of Peterborough, and, indeed, no-
where on the limestone formation, but only
where there is a moist clay or retentive loam.
Mr. House utilises the regulation Rose-box with
its olive-green colour, and adds a stand which
fits into it, made of plain deal in the form of
a shallow box without a bottom, with rounded
edges and perforated holes for the flowers. Over
this is spread a dark moss-green carpet-like ma-
terial, manufactured expressly for the purpose, from
which water runs as from a duck's back, and which
does not soon soil ; and brass or zinc rims are placed
round the tube-holes. The material is stret^-hed
tightly over the stand, and it is raised about three-
quarters of an inch above the box. By means of the
patent tubes so much used the flowers can be raised

to any desired level, and Mr. House has added a clip
to take the name of the variety. This clip, which
while sufliciently elevated to enable the name to be
easily read, is yet low enough down not to affect the
effectiveness of the stand. Mr. House has in the
windows of his shop in Eastgate Street two of these
boxes, one filled wholly with Marechal Niel, the
other with various coloured Roses ; and whether the
blooms be light or dark, the colour of the material
used appears to throw up the flowers to the best
advantage. If this box could come into general
use, the improved neatness and order seen in
lines of stands of cut Roses could not fail to strike
the observer. A stand will last a long time, and the
difficulty of obtaining nice fresh green moss is
obviated altogether. It is Mr. House's intention to
exhibit his boxes at the leading Rose shows. 7?. D,

THE VINTAGE AT RHEIMS.

Qdite apart from the delight experienced by those
privileged to see that vision of loveliness, the west
front of Rheims Cathedral, and to enjoy the exqui-
site proportions of that edifice, is the pleasure to be
gained by a survey of the details which go to make
up so harmonious a whole. These details make up
a wonderful story-book, crowded with information as
to the thoughts, feelings, and doings of our ances-
tors. The whole business of their lives is illus-
trated, and its motive-force suggested. At Rheims, in
the midst of the champagne district, it is not won-
derful that Vine culture should be represented. Our
illustration (fig. 9) is taken from a capital, probably
of the later part of the twelfth, or earlier portion of
the thirteenth century. The camel is probably a
reminiscence of the Crusades, for these creatures
did not roam in the vineyards of eastern France at
any time within mortal memory.

A WEST INDIAN FOREST.

(Concluded from p. J O.J

We are awakened by Mr. William coming into
the room with a stable-lamp to look at the clock.
After announcing in a melancholy voice that it is
10 minutes past 4, he takes himself off. The sand-
flies are at their worst, and sleep being impossible, I
lie awake (as I find my companion has been doing
all night) watching Orion through the window
shining with glorious brilliancy, gradually to fade
before the coming dawn. A night bird is feeding on
moths or okher prey outside, making a strange clatter
on the roof, along which he sweeps or runs at fre-
quent intervals. I could see him circling in the grey
dawn outside between each charge. But it is time
to be up, and after a bucketful of cold water by way
of bath, we get ready. Mr. Striker's brother is wait-
ing for us on his ass outside, and the expedition soon
starts. We have a most interesting morning's ride, and
I shall never forget the unearthly beauty of the first
mile of it. Great masses of mountain mist sweep
across our path and fill the woods, clinging among
the foliage. These clouds come and go about us like
palpable shadows, and \vrap up the unfamiliar trees
as with a shroud. Steam is rising from the fever
swamps in the valleys, and the "morning on the
mountain tops '" is not the glad golden glory of the
valley-loving poet, but a clammy spectral thing one
feels the cold touch of. The stillness is broken by a
barking sound in some high trees we have just
passed ; the boy whispers to me, " Macaque," and we
draw under cover to watch for the monkeys. I see
a dark body swing i)ast far aloft ; they have gone off
in another direction, and my chance for this time
is lost. We duly reach the sulphur spring in a dried-
up river bed, and return without anything of par-
ticular interest occurring, if I may say so of a journey
through woods containing things novel to me at
every hand.

Our forenoon excursion leads us round the lake.
Surely any human being can go round a lake without
losing himself — about the length of the Serpentine
and twice its breadth. Even when lost it is the
usual course to travel more or less in a circle —
though the circle need not be the one intended. To

Jolt n, 1887.]

TEE GABDEXEnS' 'CIIBONICLE.

41

keep sucli a course in the " high woods " with a rare
glimpse of the water and with the diversions of
catching lizards and other collecting to disturb one's
sense of direction, is anything but easy. Cox and
Cassar do not like handling them, but on assuring
them of the harmless nature of the prey and offering
a small reward a head they are equal to the occasion.
Our plan is as follows; — I advance first with a
long Bamboo in one hand and a cutlass in the other,
though there is little undergrowth to begin with.
"When a lizard is " spotted " I liold up my hand and
Cox and C:vsar join me. The lizard is perched on
the trunk of a tree ; as the stick is brought near him
to swoop him off he darts upwards in a spiral course
round the tree for 6 or 8 feet. I can still reach him,
however, and as soon as he stops, down he comes to
the ground, where Cox and Caesar await him like
cats. Then follows an exciting chase among dead
leaves and branches, and sometimes he is not cap-
tured before he has ascended another tree, and the
operation with the Bamboo gone through again. AVe

every few yards a sluggish stream w'.th deep black mud
at the bottom and sides to be jumped. Balisiers
(Cannas) are growing as densely as they may between,
and but for their binding it together, the mud would
be continuously soft and treacherous. We cut a path
through these and go out of our way to find fallen
tree trunks to cross by, more on account of the
heavily laden negroes than for ourselves. All this
leads to considerable uncertainty as to our course
since we have been out of sight of the lake
for a long time, and the tortuous courses of the
streams are no guide, and their current impercep-
tible. It is not a pleasant place to be lost in, and
we think of yesterday's experience as a small matti.-r.
However, we push on hopefully across this steaming
swamp, and cut and slash and stumble from one
jump to the next. One or other of us is constantly
coming to grief in tiie mud, and we present a woful
spectacle as, bes]3attercd, perspiring, and gasping, we
clear our way through this great natural forcing-
house. {My next visit to this swamp had the added

will take a stroll in puris Jiafuralibtts for a few
minutes, he will adequately atone for the gravest
offence. Soon afterwards we come upon known
country, and so back to the hut and the friendly
Striker. G. Murray,

Fig. 0.— SCULPTtJEE in EHEIMS cathedral SHOWIKG THE TINTAOE. (sEE P, 40.)

find this more certain than fishing for him with a
noose at the end of the Bamboo, which is best when
one is alone. When captured he is placed in a
Bamboo joint with a cloth tied over the open end
(the diaphragm forming the bottom of this collecting
case). If two or more be put into the same Bamboo
they will certainly fight and spoil each other of their
tails — and thus ruin themselves as specimens of their
kind, for the lizard has no ambition to be regarded as
the type of his race any more than I have to exchange
places with Professor Flower's Homo sapiens in the
Natural History Museum. The hunt goes on with
much excitement and success until we suddenly
leave lizard country and reach the marshy ground
at the back of the lake, where it receives the
drainage from the high peak we ascended yester-
day. Just as we reach it, and when I am
well in advance, admiring the vast trunks and
buttresses of a group of Silk-cotton trees we hear
the barking of monkeys in the branches above us,
and I see several sapajous swing themselves off with
great rapidity in the branches far above us. My
companions are too late. We now enter upon a
long and trying march across a terrible swamp with

discomfort of a drenching tropical rain, which was
more than balanced, however, by a greater cer-
tainty as to my course.) The negroes follow in
our steps with wonderful steadiness, and when
the last jump has been cleared and the last
Balisier cut down, we reach only a clump of
fallen trunks, amid a luxuriance of tall Razor-
grass. If the swamp were the " deep sea,'' the Kazor-
gi-ass is "the devil," and we stand between them
without a spark of sympathy from our followers,
whose naked pachydermatous bodies defy Kazor-
grass, which cuts us deeply. To make matters
worse, my leggings and knee-breeches, though of
course they usually overlapped, have parted company,
displaying a circle round my knees an inch or two
in breadth. All attempts to rig these are unavail-
ing, and our handkerchiefs have been tied over
Bamboo joints with lizards in them, which could not
be sacrificed. "With a courage instilled into me by
the swamp behind I advance. When it is over my
knees look as if I had been wearing garters such as
some Inquisitor of old might have invented. If any one
is anxious to do penance in an original and highly
effective way I can direct him to a spot where, if h^

Roses.

ROSES IN POTS.

I WROTE on the treatment of Koscs in pots on
March 12, at a time wlieii they were cither in flower
in the greenhouse, or being forced into flower in the
early vineries or otlier structures. Tlie out-of-doors
Koses are now in flower, and at such a time there is
some probability of those in pots being neglected.
They ought to be placed out-of-doors, in a convenient
position as regards watering, and should not suffer
from want of water at any time. The danger consists
in tlie leavss being injured by the parasitical attacks
of insects, or mildew, or rust.

The most insidious attack is to be feared from red-
spider, other parasites, such as greenfly, mildew, and
the pretty-coloured orange fungus, are easily de-
tected ; but too often the red-spider is not observed
until the leaves become yellow. It attacks the older,
lower leaves on the growths first, and as these
become exhausted and drop off it rapidly spreads
upwards. It generally appears as soon as the hot,
dry weather sets in, and as a preventive the leaves
should be daily syringed ; this not only prevents the
spider from doing any material injury but to a large
extent wards off the other ills that Rose leaves are
heir to. Most gardeners and amateurs know well
how to destroy insect and other pests. The greatest
difficulty at this season is to find time to apply the
remedies when so many things, even in small gar-
dens, require attention. The plants require con-
siderable supplies of water, as well overhead as at
the roots, during these pi"olonged seasons of drought ;
the pots may be plunged partially or wholly in
ashes, or some similar material ; but not in cocoa-
nut-fibre refuse, which does not answer so well to
plunge plants in during the summer months as it
does for winter.

The early forced plants, or even those that bloomed
later, may now be repotted. The object of this is to
get them well established in the pots in which they
are to flower during the winter. Unless they have
become well rooted into the new potting material,
they cannot be expected to flower very strongly in
winter when days are dark and the hours of sun-
shine few. VTe grow for pot-culture the largest pro-
portion of Tea-scented varieties, and as these have
so much increased in variety and beauty during the
last few years — the reddish colours being prominent
amongst them — there is, therefore, less need to grow
hybrid perpetuals, unless indeed the owner prefers
them to Teas, which is quite probable, as the rich
colour of the flowers of some, as well as their distinct
and grateful perfume, makes them the most esteemed
of spring flowers.

Compai-isons are out of ]ilace, but there are
few Orchids that would be chosen before a well grown
forced Rose bush in the spring months. The English-
raised Tea Roses now compete successfully with the
best of the Continental varieties. Mr. Bennett, of
Shepperton, has sent out, and has yet in bis posses-
sion, many of superior merit. Cleopatra, exhibited at
South Kensington and at Richmond quite recently,
is of the President type, but the flowers stand erect,
and the deep, shell-like petals of a rosy-salmon
colour, and of great substance, surpass that good old
variety. Princess Beatrice is quite distinct in
character, but has proved to be quite as valuable as
a summer Rose as it had previously shown its
merits for early spring forcing. The stems of
many of the flowers of Tea Roses are not strong
enough to hold the flowers erect : Princess Beatrici!
has not this fault, but has as stout flower-stems as
some of the hybrid perpetuals : the flowers are also
full, and of the colour of Madame Falcot. This fine
varietv received a First-class Certificate in Margli

42

THE GARDEnBns' CtljROl^lCLE.

[July 9, 1887.

last at the Crystal Palace, and another First-class at
Richmond on June 29. As the Rose shows are just
commencing, it would be premature to comment on
the new Continental varieties until they are over,
and information has been obtained from growers in
distant localities. Jas. Bonr/la^.

RED SPIDER ON VINES.

I TOOK much interest in the discussion in
a former number about red-sjnder on Vines, and
confess I was a little surprised at seeing such able
cultivators declare their inability to master it. It
was the fact, and not its publication, that surprised
me, for I fully approve of making one's failures
known .as well as one's successes ; it is less common,
but without comparison the most instructive prac-
tice. I do not pretend to teach Englishmen tlie
management of vineries, as most of what I know
about it I have got from them, still there are a few
points not yet mentioned which I consider of some
importance in this relation.

Of course I have suffered from red-spider on Vines
as well as on Peaches, Figs, and Strawberries, but
not without being able to account for it, or having
myself to blame. For instance, early pot- Vines
in the Pine-stove ; at about tlie blooming period
they touch a slielf with ripening Strawberries for two
or three weeks, and of course get badly affected, and
are not afterwards easily cured ; but Vines over-
lianging tlie front path in tlie same house (the shelf
is at the back) are quite free. In an early vinery I
planted new sorts (to us) on my arrival here ;
I have, amongst others, got Duke of Buccleuch and
Muscat of Alexandria (not fit companions). The
Duke is much valued for its noble apjjearance ; and
the consumption of water at the root being lessened
when it commences to ripen, all water in any form
being withheld to prevent cracking, then of course
red-spider turns up, and is able to injure the late
ripening Muscat of Alexandria. But before that
period it would be difficult to find red-spider ; still
there are in the same house, in the earlier periods,
forced things, such as Strawberries, Figs, and Beans
in pots. These are facts, and of course do not give
any information ; it is in accounting for these facts
I find the above-mentioned points.

To commence at the beginning, all forcing-houses
are at starting time whitewashed, and the woodwork
"washed with soap-water ; but every good cultivator
does that ; next comes one of my points. Kvery bit
of Vine is painted with a mixture of lime (slaked or
hot), soot, soap, sulphur, and — where there is any
fear of aphis, as on Peaches and Cherries — tobacco
and quassia -water. This is made of the consistency
of thin paint and applied with a brush. The ingre-
dients, perhaps, look numerous, but they are easily
got together, and do not cost much ; the quantitv of
each is not of much importance — they are never
weiglied liere. Take lime and soot as the body, and
in such proportion that the colour becomes a natural
grey-brown ; add some soap to make it sticky and able
to keep on the rods for the season ; a handful of
flowers of sulphur to a couple of gallons of the mix-
ture will be sufficient. Had I .any fear of mildew on
Vines I should use more sulphur; still this mixture
is often used on pipes and flues where Roses or
Strawberries are forced. It does not prevent mildew
on these, as it is seldom applied before mildew is
seen, but wlien applied at intervals keeps it in clieck.
I always make a great point of getting this applied
during the winter (still the temperature must be
above the freezing-point) to all Vines, Peaches,
Figs, and fruit trees in pots, and I am sure I am
well repaid for the trouble.

Last spring I liad a good example in the orchard-
house. About a dozen Pear trees in pots did not
get their apjilication. They were not syringed much
before blooming, and not at all during that period
and for perhaps several days after, 'When the
leaves appeared I noticed a great difference between
these and the painted ones ; they were badly affected
with spider, and the painted ones quite free. This

application makes a good start, but of course it is
not a preventive for the whole season ; but before
entering on such a one I should like to relate what
an old nobleman and landed proprietor (a relation of
my employer) once asked me. We were looking at
some Oranges in pots badly affected with mealy-
bugs. (This culture is not old here, and I confess it
is generally a non-success ; in this respect I envy Mr.
Douglas. Apropos of mealy-bugs, has any one ever
seen them, on Vines, for instance, survive a few
degrees of frost?) I spoke about the trouble of
keeping them clean ; " but, " he said, "is it not with
plants as with animals ? If I have got a healthy
and strong young animal it never gets vermin, but a
weak and sickly one always does." I answered that
it was difficult to say what was the cause, but I be-
lieved there was something in it, and I believe so
still. This is not meant as a teaching to English
Vine gi'owers, for I believe their Vines are generally
as strong and healthy as they can be, still I find it a
useful axiom to keep in mind in all cases.

I have re.ad several English books about Vines,
and never miss an article on that subject in the
Gardeners Chronicle ; in fact, most knowledge in
that way is of English origin, and generally I have
not lost by acting accordingly; but one advice
that always struck me I never adopted or understood.
I mean the almost universal rule that you, at closing
time, shall damp down your vineries and then leave
them for the night. At first I thought by "closing
time " was meant when the establishment was closed,
and in that case there was not much to object to ;
still when that is, as in most cases iu England, at
6 o'clock, I thought it rather early ; but I learnt
afterwards that the meaning was when the vinery
was closed — that is, about 4 p.m., or perhaps
before, and after that I could not understand the
practice at all, and only wonder that these serious
complaints of attacks by red-spider have not ap-
peared before. What will the proportion of humidity
in the atmosphere be in such a vinery during the
night, especially in cold nights, with much fire-heat?
Has any one ever tried it by a hygrometer? I
should think the air would be parching dry for many
hours, and the vinery the best possible breeding-
place for red-spider; the results point in that
direction.

I have many objections to tliis early damping, but
there are three very strong ones, and they will be
sufficient. I. The air will be dry, and thereby
favonr red-spider. That this really is the case I do
not think needs any proof; simple observation will
show it, and a little reasoning makes it very easy to
be understood. That dryness and heat, especially
from pipes or flues, foster or favour red-s])ider I take
for granted. That the atmosi)here in a glass struc-
ture cannot keep its humidity for fifteen hours
(from 4 P.M. to 7 a.m.), when the outside air, .and
thereby the glass surface, is cold, I find obvious.
Only look at the quantity of water condensed on the
inner surface ; that is, of course, taken from the
atmosphere inside ; besides, part of the applied water
is absorbed by tiie soil and walls, and some will
escape by the always existing interch-ange of air.
Put all these losses together, and you will find the
inside air must be very dry long before the next
morning. I am well aware of a few facts tending in
the opposite direction, viz., when the air is saturated
with vapour at a high temperature it may lose water
as the temperature falls, and still be saturated, but
the temperature does not fall much in a vinerv:
really wet soil and walls may yield humidity instead
of absorbing, still this source does not last long
when the pipes are hot. The conditions of the case
are altered only at that period when there is little
difference between the inside and outside tempera-
tures; and will allow that it is possible then to keep
a humid atmosphere through tlie night by damping
at 4 P.M. In this respect there certainly is some
difference between England and Sweden; here it is
not at all of rare occurrence that during February
and March an uncovered vinery must be kept at 50°
to 55°, while outside it is .TO° to 40° Fahr. of frost.
An Englishman should just behold the layer of ice

which after such a night covers the glass inside to
understand what the atmosphere is losing in water
during a very cold night.

2. I think it more natural, and therefore healthier
(the spider question aside), for plants in general to
rest in a humid and cooler atmosphere during the
night. I do not think anybody — at all events, not
many gardeners — will protest against this sentence,
and I therefore shall not offer much reasoning.

I should only like to remark that when we have
the same end in view as Nature, or, as in this case,
only wish Grapes as good as can be grown in the
open in Nature's most favoured spots — say South
Europe — then we can do nothing better than imitate
as closely as possible the climate of these spots.
Now, does anybody mean to say that the atmosphere
there is not almost saturated with vapour during
most nights and the Vines covered with dew ?
Moreover, I should think the temperature will often be
lower during the night than an English vinery usually
is. But, it may be said, we have not got the Italian
sky and sun during the day, and that is why we must
alter our night treatment accordingly, and keep our
Vines warmer and drier ; I do not, however, sec the
force of that reasoning, the deficiency in daytime we
cannot at all make up at night. I would rather say,
deficiency at day deficiency at night too. The best
we can do to counteract our worse climate is, besides
the glass-covering, to give our Vines the most pos-
sible sun and light, supplemented by fire-heat and not
too humid an atmosphere during daytime. One
thing that makes up for the less intensity of the
sun's rays in our much longer days (here, the south
of Sweden, ])erhaps a little more so than in Eng-
land) ; so, on the whole, we are not so mucli worse
situated, but then we must not make the day shorter
than it really is. That belongs to my next point.

3. I consider it a very b.ad economy of the plants'
time to let them off at 4 o'clock, and we almost do
this by damping at that time. This, perhaps, sounds
a little strange to many readers, and I suppose the
most part do not think it of such importance as I
do, or as it really is. I shall try to explain my
thoughts without going too far into the physiology
of plants, especially as I do not think physiolo-
gists ever paid much attention to this subject — at
all events, I do not find anything bearing direct on
it in Sach's Textbook. I take it for granted th.it
the most important work of plants is done under
the influence of light and heat by converting
carbonic acid into carbo-hydrates, and by evapo-
rating water ; this last operation must necessarily
accompany the first one in order to give substance
to the parts of plants formed. Only look at the
quantity of water absorbed, and the need of its
evaporation through the leaves will be evident. I
should think these two kinds of work go together,
and be in just proportion to give sound and strong
plants. But to come to an end : when the atmo-
sphere is saturated there will be no evaporation, and
by damping down at 4 p.m. we certainly saturate it,
and thereby stop the plant's work for the dav.
The air gets dry again by-and~by, as I urged above,
but not before night, and then the plant's work is
of a different character (distributing and perhaps
altering the products of the day), and would most
likely be best performed in a humid atmosphere.
This question, about the effects on plant -life of
different hygromctrical states in the atmosphere, is, I
think, a difficult and neglected one. Gardeners
could do mucli themselves to solve it by always keep-
ing hygrometers in their houses ; the apparatus is
neither e.xpensive nor difficult to mnn.age. One thing
more : this damping at 4 p.m. will tend to lessen the
plant's work; I allude to the bedewing and thereby
darkening of the glass that always accompanies it. I
do not think we need entertain any fear of giving the
plants too long a working day, I'emembering the
length of days at high latitudes, and the quick and
satisfactory growth made.

It will be understood from what I have said
that my practice differs somewliat from that of
my English colleagues. Like tliem I rarely syringe
Vines after growth has well commenced. The
vineries are closed when the temperature other-

Jci.Y 0, 1887.]

TSlE GA'RDENEBS' C}Il?OmCLE.

43

wise would fall below 86° Fahr., say, about half-past
3 o'clock, when it often rises to 90°, but no fiamping
is done before 7 to half-past 7, when we leave offworV
- -then it is done thoroughly, and in cold nights, early
in the season, n.irain at 10 o'clock. The night tempera-
ture from the blooming period onwards is about (>.'i^.
The consequence of this treatment is that I generally
have the pleasure to see every leaf furnished with
drops of dew (or exudation) in the morning. l>ampiug
in the morning is only done when we use much fire-heat
early in the season; and during the daytime we only
damp once, about mid-day, when the sun is hot : in
dull warm days not at all. In the orchard-house we
are carrying this late application of water still
further. The man who attends to that has always,
during June and July, to syringe just before the sun
is leaving the house, or about 8.30 p.m. I like to see
some water still on the leaves in the morning, and
yet do not syringe then.

On the whole, I am a believer in a humid and
rather cool state of the atmosphere at night, and in
the longest possible day with a warm and rather dry
air. Of course it will not do equally well for every-
thing, at all seasons, but it will do for Vines, and it
will certainly keep down red-spider. A little am-
monia will tend to keep plants robust and healthy,
and also aid in preventing red-spider appearing.
Very little is sufficient ; it needs not to be plain to
our senses. It is best applied as urine (human or
animal), a little in the troughs, or on the borders,
once or twice a-week will be sufficient. Failing
prevention, the best cure is syringing with clean
water as long as necessary ; but that should not be
many weeks, when it is done on its firPt appearance,
and not too early at night, ^f. P. Andsrsen, U'rams-
Gumarstorp, SwcrJm.

PENRHYN CASTLE GARDENS.

Some time since I had the pleasure of walking
through these beautiful gardens with Mr. W. Speed,
who has so long and so successfully had charge over
them. The first place we went to was the small
flower garden, a short distance from the Castle. It
is situated in a dell, and is well sheltered by shrubs
and walls, and from the north by a range of plant-
houses. Having left a north-midland county only the
previous day, where we are only free from frost for
three months in the year, yon may imagine the plea-
sant surprise it was to us to see a large plant of
Choisyaternata on a wall covered with bloom, with
leaves as large and as glossy as those of an Escallouia,
and filling the air with delicious pertume. On another
wall, facing west, was a healthy plant of Lapageria
rosea, which last year bore upwards of 200 blooms ; it
is in a healthy condition, and now starting fully into
growth. On another wall are good-sized Camellia
trees, seemingly quite at home, and which, I under-
stand, give quantities of bloom every year. Here also
are to be seen huge bushes of the old Fuchsia Kiccar-
toni, which in the autumn must be a fine sight.

In one corner of this garden is a specimen of
Charaairops humilis, from 15 to 18 feet high. It
h;is been planted about ten years, and is in a flourish-
ing condition. This garden is planted with summer
bedding plants in geometrically-shaped beds that
are bordered with Box. I have a lively recollection
of having seen this garden in full beauty many years
ago, and of the pleasing effect it produced on my
mind at the time. There are many more half-hardy
plants in this garden which, further from the sea-coast,
are only met with in glasshouses. The plant-houses
here contain some excellent specimens of Palms and
other useful plants in a healthy and clean condition,
and the roof of the plant stove is gay with climbing
plants in bloom, especially noticeable just now being
Bougainvillea glabra, Clerodendrons, Ipomcea Hors-
falliie, and Fassiflora quadrangularis, the latter bear-
ing a good crop of fruit. From these we walked
towards the carriage-drive leading from Llandegai,
where are te be seen some of the Conifers for which
Penrhyn has long been famous. The Douglas Spruce
here are magnificent specimens, with enormous
trunks and spread of branches, but scarcely so high

as I have serti ■elset\'heT?. The other rare and fine
spCCitner.s, of "ft-hich I only had a glimpse, impress
a Jlidland man not so much with their size as witli
their free and kindly growth — at first sight making
them almost unrecognisable from the same species
grown in colder districts. One specimen of Cupressus
Lawsoniana I was especiallv pleased with— a most
distinct form, and worthy to be classed as a distinct
variety.

The grass margins of this carriage drive are
here and there planted with native Ferns, Blue-
bells, Primroses, and Datfodils, and as seen, when
most of them were in flower, and the Ferns
developing their young fronds, with most pleasing
effect. Some may object to this way of planting the
margins of drives, on account of the rather rough
and untidy appearance later on ; and it may also be
urged that it is contrary to good taste to bring into
too strong a light plants the nature of which is to
love shade and seclusion ; still, at the risk of erring
on these points, I think it is well to bring these
" lovely stars of earth " into more prominence for the
enjoyment of the many who otherwise, perhaps,
would not see them at all. On the way towards the
Castle we pass by many beautiful trees, the ground
underneath some of them being planted with Squills,
Primroses, and Ferns, and the space between them
and the Castle is spanned by such a lovely green
sward seldom seen away from a moist climate, such
as this is. Of trees and shrubs near the Castle I
was particularly pleased with the robust, healthy,
and tree-like appearance of the Sweet Bay ; here it
grows in great luxuriance (with us it is grown in
pots, and is preserved under glass in winter). The
Escallonia so seldom seen away from coast places,
is here perfectly at home, and no shrub is pleasanter
to look upon. The Laurustinus are grand masses,
with still a scattering of bloom on, and with abund-
ant indications that a short time ago they must
have been veritable banks of bloom, surpassing the
Bouvardia in purity.

To describe the view from the carriage entrance
in front of the Castle is inflnitely beyond my power
of expression, but as there are those who may
not have enjoyed the privilege of seeing it. I
may give some idea of its beauty. The sky line
takes in a great portion of the western side of
the Carnarvonshire mountains, and includes Pen-
maen Mawr, Great Orme's Head, Llandudno, and I
think a portion of Puffin Island with a wide stretch
of the Irish Sea in the foreground ; and immediately
below the Castle, reaching to the river " Ogwen," is
a fine belt of forest trees the tops of which only are
seen from this height. How beautiful and effective
the autumnal tints must be here, carpeting the space
from the Castle to the river with indescribable
beauty. The kitchen garden is only u short distance
from the Castle, on entering which one is at once
impressed with the order and good keeping of this
department (as of all the others). The Box edging,
which does well here, is kept in nice order, and
looked especially well, the young growth being
so pleasing. Another strong feature in the gar-
den is the large quantity and infinite variety of
hardy plants to be seen on every hand, investing the
garden with an old-fashioned interest full of rest and
enjoyment, which is wanting in many of our more
modern gardens.

Vegetable crops were looking well here and fully a
month earlier than in the Midlands, the onlv crops
which appear to fail being Celery and Onions ;
failures are frequent in the latter, but in the former
rarely heard of. After the favourable account given
of the climate and of the growth of the coniferous
trees, your readers will be unprepared to hear that
good crops of outdoor fruit (excepting bush fniit^.are
the exception instead of the rule. This I believe
is mainly accounted for owing to the severity of
the wind and sometimes hailstorms in spring ; a few
days previous to my visit one of these storms had
taken place, and it was pitiful to see the damage
done to the Pear and Apple blossoms, the only
chance of a crop being the few later blooms not yet
expanded,

Grapes in all stages were looking well here.
I believe !Mr. Speed generally succeeds in making
the old and the new Grapes shake hands every spring
— a feat oftener heard of than seen accomplished,
although I am far from saying there is much diffi-
culty in this, provided the accommodation and the
facilities are at hand. He had a few Lady Downe's
left in good condition and also a most excellent
house of Black Hamburghs. a portion of which is
now ripe.

In few places have I seen Vines under better com-
mand than they are here, each Vine all through the
vineries was carrying from eight to ten fine lumpy
bunches, and the strong and healthy appearance of the
Vines gave sure indication that they will be finished
in good form. Madresfield Court, which still gives
trouble to some growers, succeeds admirably here,
giving no trouble as regards splitting, and certainly
promising in due course to give grand bunches. Mr.
Speed is opposed to the system of close pruning to
one or two up, and practises the more enlightened
way of pruning to the plumpest eyes where the finest
leaves have been developed. This practice, as we all
know, necessitates having a number of long spurs
and sometimes give a confused and untidy appearance
to the Vines, but here this objection is got over by
tying these spurs to the stem of the Vine in a neat
manner, which to my mind is more pleasing even than
having one single stick of a stem.

Peaches are also well done here. Jlost Peach
growers are now well convinced of the advantages
attending the frequent lifting of Peach trees and
giving them at each lifting a quantity of fresh turf
where it is procurable, and where it is not the advan-
tages of replanting are always attended with improved
results if the work is carefully and intelligently done,
and the best time in my opinion to carry out the
work is immediately after the fall of the leaf
and not, as some recommend, while the leaves are
still green, for the reason that the function of
the leaf in perfecting and maturing the buds is
arrested before the work is completed, to the detri-
ment of the buds and the subsequent crop of fruit.
Few gardeners can be stronger advocates of this
practice than I am, but I was scarcely prepared to
hear from Mr. Speed that he lifts all his Peach
trees under glass every year — certainly, as far as
their appearance on my visit indicated, with satis-
factory results. It must be remembered when this
practice is regularly carried out that the roots of
the trees were much circumscribed and that the
labour of lifting even large trees is only light, com-
pared to lifting trees where roots are permitted
uncontrolled liberty.

Penrhyn has always been famous for its Pine-
apples. They are still well grown here, but net
quite in such large quantities as of old. Figs and
Melons were looking well, and indeed all other early
crops under glass. Tourist.

Scotland.

THE GLASGOW NECKOFOLIS.

JtTDGiNG by the piles and monnments of tomb-
stones in this choice spot, the ancient text scarcely
fittingly applies : —

'■ The living know that they must die.
Rut all the dead forgotten lie."

The tens of thousands of pounds that hare been
spent in the area of this Xecropolis by relatives and
friends, to commemorate either affection or worth, or
both combined, must strike every observer, and
points to an accumulation of wealth in a comparatively
limited area.

There is nothing gloomy or churlish about our
modern cemeteries, for with diversity of feature
in configuration, and something approaching to
method in decoration with living trees, shrubs,
and flowers, well made carriage drives and
walks, good green turf, and nothing offensive in

44

THE GAIiDENERS' CHBONIULE.

[Jci.T '.), 1887.

the shape of eye-lines, there is much to interest the
general sight-seer ; in fact, it forms no unimportant
part of progressive gardening art.

The Necropolis in question is situated in what was
once the most fashionable precinct of the city, but
fashionable Glasgow, as in most other cities, is moving
westwards, and this division, once surrounded with
green fields, is enveloped with public works, with
piles of chimneys belching forth clouds of smoke,
which make seeing at any distance somewhat diffi-
cult. The site is excellent, being somewhat undu-
lating, and rising to a point 235 feet above the level
of the city proper.

The City Improvement Committee have widened
many of the streets and demolished the old buildings,
making the drives from the principal hotels more
spacious. It has latterly become a fashionable pro-
menade, no doubt somewhat benefited by its imme-
diate proximity to the venerated Cathedral or Church
of St. Mungo, and the Barony Church, so long pre-
sided over bv the late Dr. Norman McLeod. A
stone bridge about 30 feet high witli a span of 50 feet
connects the cathedral grounds with the Necropolis,
and in a recess on a tablet with liandsome pediment
is the following inscription ;— " The adjoining bridge
was erected by the Merchants House of Glasgow, to
afford proper entrance to their new cemetery, com-
bining convenient access to tlie grounds, with suit-
able decoration to the venerable cathedral and
surrounding scenery, to unite the tombs of many
generations who have gone before with the rest-
ing places destined for generations yet nnborn, Sec.
A.D.,1833."

The proprietors seem to have done the most in
the way of tree decoration, the lines being particu-
larly bald — ^^lingular indeed in tliis respect. In salient
points, however, that could not well be utilised for
tombs are quantities of sucli kind of trees as are
found to stand the smoky atmosphere best. Among
them are both white and red Hawthorn, Balsam,
and black Italian Poplar, Huntingdon Willow, and
some of the weeping forms, tlie Bird Cherry, Elms —
than which apparently nothing seemed in better folia-
tion—the Kowan tree. Lilacs. Scarcely a liealthy
evergi-een was visible. Ivies, however, seem to
clamber over the precipices, especially the Irish Ivy,
in quite delightful gi-eenery. From the nature of the
ground several retaining walls have been built to
utilise ground and maintain the design of different
levels at different elevations. Wealth seems to have
selected the plateau at the top, for there piles upon
piles of granite monuments rise Cleopatra-needle-
like. While these predominate, there are quantities
surmounted witli vases with ornamental drapery, and
still few or no flowers ; plenty of wreaths and crosses
for the newly buried— far more, however, of the
natural than of artificial flowers, which, although more
enduring, have not the power, in climates of this kind,
of withstanding varnishing for any great length of
time. The intersecting divisions are necessarily
formal, being about 30 feet in width, divided in two,
with 14 feet drives separating the double lines. One
cannot help feeling, in surveying these grounds,
whose abundance of keeping nower is apparent, that
there is not that style nor finish, in so far as the
gardening department is considered, of keejiing the
eye-lines, whether straight or wavy, in tlie condition
they ought to be. And surely the intersecting
drives and walks might be treated to a better
description of surfacing than coal ashes. The prin-
cipal drive is well made, properly macadamised with
the necessary stone gutters and conduits for water
runs and escape. As the city extends, so does the
Necropolis, which will soon, like its near neighbeur,
the burial-ground round about the Cathedral, become
inconveniently crowded. The one is a small jilace,
the otlier covers about 20 acres, and it only foini.'s
one of a round dozen within the precincts of Glasgow
and its suburban area.

The Cathedral is considered one of the most per-
fect specimens of Gothic architecture in the kingdom.
It was commenced in 1123, finished in 1197, rebuilt
between 1223, and 12G0, repaired and renewed in

1848. Although burials are in a great measure dis-

continued withi'i the grounds, there is an occasional
one still. It is conspicuous by its .ibsence of raised
monuments, all the tombstones within the principal
frontage being laid flat. On the wall bounding it on
the east are some remarkable monuments, many
w^hich we cannot decipher, others are quite obliterated.
It is, of course, a long period to jump from 1123 to
1B12, but that is the oldest dated one that could be
deciphered. As to the style of the earlier monu-
mental sculptors of the seventeenth century, there is
a somewhat singular likeness in design and size to
the new fashionable drawing-room mantelpieces —
elaborate, no doubt, in its way. but Old Father Time
skeletonising the members of the architectural
design. The one in the best state of preservation,
dated a.d. 1012, is to the memory of Doctor Peter
Low, the founder of the Faculty of Physicians and
Surgeons. A.

SILENE PUSILLA.

Ik the accompanying illustration (fig. 10) we have
one member of this cliarming genus, so much prized
by all lovers of their alpine garden; and though not
bv any means the showiest of the dwarf growing
kinds, it fully compensates for this want in the pro-
fuseness of its flowers, and the certainty with which

Fig. 10.— siLt:NE pusilla : flowers whitk.

they are produced year after year. Like S. acanlis,
S. Pumilio, S. Schafta, and others, it is easily
managed on a well-built rockery — that is, where the
stones are so placed as to ensure perfect drainage,
and also as a means of giving tlie tiny cushions the
necessarv protection from the cold spring winds, &c.
Thorough drainage is perhaps the chief desideratum,
but surface moisture should also be guarded against
during the winter season ; fogs, &c., unless the
plants are protected with small squares of glass,
being a source of great evil. The illustration
gives a good idea of the size, habit, and profuse
flowering of Silene pusilla, it rarely exceeding
1 inch or 1^ incli, the flowers packed so closely as
to entirely hide the foliage. It makes a charming
little pot-plant, and when well cared for makes a
fine alpine exhibition group. A native of the Alps,
and may be increased either by division of the root
or from seeds. For the specimen from which the
illustration was taken we have to thank Messrs. J.
Backhouse & Co.. York.

HUNNEMANNIA FUMARIIFOLIA.— A good Co-
loured figure of this pretty I'apnvcr.ad is given in the
Garden for .June 11. The foli.Tge isglaucous and deeply
divided, like tliat of an only Eschscholtzia. The
flowers are primrose-yellow, the stamens, obscurely
indicated in the plate, of a rich orange colour. Mr,
Gumbleton treats it as a " half-hardy biennial," seed
bf ing sown in a cool house. It is a native of Mexico,

FLORISTS' Flowers.

TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.

Fon furnishing a greenhouse quickly with showy
flowering plants, these are unsurpassed. They are
easily grown, and can be kept through the winter
with the least trouble. They are recommended to
amateurs of limited experience because they are
easily cultivated, and to gardeners because they re-
quire but little attention during the busy season, be-
yond repotting once into good ricli loam, such as is
used for Fuchsias or Pelargoniums. A little peat is use-
ful to keep the loam in a porous state if is of a heavy
nature. We find the following compost causes
vigorous growth, but not too niucli : — Four parts loam
(decayed turf), one part peat or leaf-mould, one part
sand, and one part stable manure. The plants will
grow and flower freely, whatever part of the house
tiiey may be placed in, but well proportioned speci-
mens, such as would take the highest position in a
good competition, are only to be produced by placing
tlie plants near to the glass in an airy house, and
shading them lightly from bright sunshine during
the hottest part of the day. These plants are now at
their greatest beauty, and when seen as exhibited by
Messrs. J. Laing & Co., at the Royal Botanic Society's
exhibition on June 15, in their group of plants, the
effect produced was very beautiful, and such as
no other class of jilants could give. A class
was set apart for specimen plants of this class of
Begonias, but they were not so effective exhibited in
that way ; but in this respect they do not differ
materially from Pelargoniums. Cinerarias. Calceo-
larias, or any other plants of tliis kind shown in
masses, wliich are certainly more effective when
tastefully aiTanged with other plants.

On the occasion in question Messrs. Laing exhi-
bited the best collection of new double varieties ever
seen togetlier in one place. Not only were the
flowers remarkably well formed and sufliciently
double, but the colours were also very rich and
varied. No fewer than, six First-class Floricultural
Certificates were awarded to double varieties.
They were marginata, rose with a creamy centre,
flowers very double ; Princess Koyal, large, full,
cream-coloured flowers ; Mrs. Apthorpe, salmon,
greenisli centre, large, well formed, full flowers ;
Scarlet Perfection, rich bright scarlet flowers, very-
full, outer petals well defined ; Alba magna, a lovely
white variety : Terra Cotta, orange-red, flowers very
full. Three single varieties were also Certificated,
viz.: — Duchess of Edinburgh rich reddish-buff;
Duke of Edinburgh, dark crimson, very large well-
formed flowers ; Princess Louise, white, large round
flowers, with petals of great substance.

Those who would be successful in the culture of
tliese plants, would do well to purchase a few of the
verv best varieties in cultivation, and proceed at
once to save seeds and raise seedlings. Their
growth is very rapid, and it does not take long to
produce dozens of handsome and distinct varieties.
The pleasures of hope are kept alive in the minds o
those anticipating the flowering of seedlings, and
those pleasures are increased tenfold when the
flowers of some surpassingly beautiful variety open
as a reward. J. Doru/hf.

DIACRIUM BICORNUTUM.

The old section of Epidendrum, called by Lindley
Diacrium, has been elevated by Bentham to the
rank of a distinct genus (Joicrii. Linn. Hoc xviii.,
p. 312), on account of the peculiar bicornute label-
ium, which is neither adnate to the column nor
yet parallel with it. It includes three or four species
or marked varieties, of which the present one is the
best known. It is a very handsome species (fig. 11
represents a single flower, natural size), and was
originally figured and described as Epidendrum
bicornutum (Hooker in Bot. Mag., t. 3332), from a
specimen which flowered in April, 1834, in the col-
lection of Earl Fitzwilliam, at Wentworth. It has

Jfly 9, 1887.]

THE GABDENFFS' CHBONIGLE.

45

also been recently figured in the Orchid Albmn
it. 157), where Mr. 15. S. Williams remarks that it has
lately been rare in collections, though formerly it
used to appear at the London exliibltions, where it
was always admired by Orchid growers. He adds,
'■ We ourselves exhibited it for many years at Chis-
wick and the Kegent's Park shows, taking prizes
with the same plant for several successive years."

It is sometimes considered difficult to cultivate,
but Mr. Williams observes that when once it is
started after importation he finds no difficulty in
growing it, and that if it only gets the treatment it
likes it grows freely enough. Pie recommends that
it should be grown in rougli peat and sphagnum with
a little charcoal, in a well-drained basket, or on a
block, and placed in a hot stove near the rafters,
where it will get plenty of light and warmth. It
requires a good supply of water when in a growing
state, bnt when at rest sufficient only should be given
to keep the pseudobulbs and leaves plump. It
grows about a foot high, producing from the ends of
the pseudobulbs erect racemes of numerous large and
highly fragrant flowers. The colour is white, the lip
alone bearing a number of small purple spots, and
the two peculiar horns on the disc, which are hollow
underneath, being yellow. It was originally im-
ported from Trinidad, where it is said to be abundant
along the coast, growing on rocks and decayed trees.
It also occurs in Tobago and the Boca islands, and in
British Guiana. The figure was prepared from a fine
specimen, which is flowering freely ia the Kew
collection. H. A. H.

"THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE."

(Contimtedfi-om p. 12 J

North Amehicax Annual Plants. — To Thomas
Drammond and David Douglas (both of whom lost
their lives in the pursuit of Floral belong, in a very
large measure, the honour and fame of introducinj^
into English gardens the lovely annuals of the
southern and more particularly of the south-westerH
regions of North America. Going back to plate
3441 (1835) we see a beautiful representation of a
very dark variety of the charmingly variable Phlox
Drummondi. Quickly following on this come Gilia
tricolor (pi. .'J463), Coreopsis diversifolia (pi, 3474i,
Nemophila insignis (pi, 3485), Collinsia bicolor
(pi. 34«8), Leptosiphon androsaceus (pi. 3491), Lim-
nanthes Douglasii (pi. .j5J4), and Clarkia pulchella
(pi. 3592).

Agave americana var. foliis variegatis (pi. 3654 1
is well worth turning to, as the accompanying lettei--
press contains the history of the flowering of various
plants in different parts of the United Kingdom,
together with an account of the economic products of
this and other species which are peculiar to America,
and chiefly to the Mexican region.

I can hardly pass pi. 3781, a lovely Mexican Bou-
vardia, here named splendens, though it had years
previously (pi, 1854) been figured from a miserable
specimen under its proper name of B. triphylla.
Bouvardias are evidently much better cultivated now
than formerly.

West Australian Plants,
Previously to 1840 several collectors had visited
West Australia, and a considerable number of West
Australian plants had been figured in the Magazine
from time to time ; but it was at about this
date that the singular and brilliantly coloured
flowers of this region began literally to pour into
this country, and chiefly from one source, from James
Drummond, a brother of Thomas, to whom I have
already alluded. In 1839, Dr. Lindley published in
the form of an appendix to the Botanical Eegister, a
sketch of the vegetation of the Swan Kiver Colony,
with coloured figures of eighteen characteristic
plants. This sketch was based upon a collection of
about 1000 species of dried plants communicated by
James Drummond, who subsequently contributed a
long series of extremely interesting letters on the
flora of Western Australia to Hooker's Journal of
Botany, London Journal of Botany, and Kew Journal
of Botany, daring a ] eriod of fourteen years, from

1839 to 1853. There is something specially attrac-
tive in these unpretending letters, and from the time
1 first read them 1 have had a great longing to visit
Australia. Drummond not only made very exten-
sive collections of dried jdants, he also was the
means of introducing manv ornamental species into
English gardens. Among peculiar and striking
West Australian plants figured in the JIagazine of
this period I may mention Anigozanthus Manglesii,
Kangaroo Feet of the colonists (pi. 3875), Brachy-
come iberidifolia (pi. 3S7(i), Calectasia cyanea, per-
haps the most highly coloured of the Kush family
(pi. 3834) ; Helichrysum niveum (pi. 3857), Boronia
crenulata (pi. 3914), Marianthus caruleo-punctatus
(pi. 3893), Pimelea spectabilis (pi. 3950), Podotheca
gnaphaIioides(pl.3920),Stylidiumciliatum(pl.3&S3),
S. recurvum (pi. 3913), Gastrolobium acutum
(pi. 4040), and three or four years later the very
showy Eucalyptus macrocarpa (pi. 4.3.33), a species
likely soon to become extinct.

The seventieth volume terminates the second
series of the Magazine, which was then (1845) trans-
ferred from Samuel Curtis to Keeve Brothers, and is
still held by the same firm ; and the titlepage of
the first volume of the third series presents a view
of the great Palm-house at Kew (though it was not

Fllj. 11.— DIACRIL"\[ UICOI MT\ M FLOWERS WHITE. (SEE

then built), which has appeared ever since. Another
important change was made in the same volume,
plate 4174 and onward being lithographed instead of
engraved on copper. Fitch acting as his own
lithographer. Further there was issued with this
and the next three volumes a new series of the
Companion to the Botanical Magazine, consisting of
miscellaneous information, commencing with a report
on the " Present Condition and Future Prospects of
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew," which is par-
ticularly interesting. Previously, in 1835-6, two
separate volumes, bearing the same title, had been
published. Volume Ixxiv. contains indexes to
volumes Ixiv. to Ixxiv. inclusive, in two sets. A
noticeable feature in this and succeeding volumes is
the inclusion of a much larger proportion of hothouse
plants than heretofore ; and in the seventy-fifth
volume the descriptive and historical matter is supple-
mented by remarks on the cultivation of the plants
signed "J. S." This was John Smith, who entered the
gardens in 1820, and retired from the curatorship in
1864 in consequence of failing sight. He still sur-
vives, and his loss of sight is in some measured alle-
viated by a vivid recollection of even the most
trifling events in the history of the gardens during
his long service.* These notes were discontinued
early in the seventy-eighth volume.

* Quite recently he has jiriiit..il and privately circulated a
little book entitled liecords of the lioyal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
which emljodies some interesting particulars, though they are

Notable Travellers and Collectors.

Looking through the volume for l.'^.^2 we meet with
quite a new set of names' of travellers, nurserymen,
private growers, and gardeners, who contributed to
its pages. Tlius, Wright, who collected in Texas
and New Mexico, and afterwards in Cuba, and else-
where ; Dr. ,J. D. (now Sir Joseph) Hooker, who
went to India in 1847 ; Thwaites, who was for many
years Director of the Botanic Garden at Peradeniya,
Ceylon ; Ronald Gunn, who collected extensively in
Tasmania ; .James Veitch, who was still at Exeter, as
well as Lucombe and Pince ; Fortune and Standish,
names intimately connected with the introduction
and cultivation of Chinese and Japanese plants ;
AVilliam and Thomas Lobb, collectors for Veitch ;
Dr. Wallich, of the Calcutta Gardens ; Rollisson,
.Jackson, and Hugh Low, famous nurserymen, and
many other persons too numerous to mention !

Proceeding with a review of a few of the most
noteworthy plants figured, we are first arrested by
the sacred Lotus, Nelumbium sjieciosum (pi. 3916-7),
though a very dingy representation of it appeared in
the Magazine as long previously as 1806 (pi. 903),
and it was introduced by Sir .1. Banks as early as
1784; Achimenes longiflora (pi. 3980), A. multiiiora
(pi. 3993), and A. grandiflora (pi. 4012), A. pedun-
culata (pi. 4077), and A. picta (4126), and Sinningia
(Gloxinia) Youngiana (pi. 4954), are a few of the
favourite GesneraccK of years ago.* many of which
were introduced by Hartweg.

The " Glory of the Table Mountain," Disa grandi-
flora, appears at 4073, and Disa comuta, a blue and
white flowered s]>ecies, at 4091. I had almost over-
looked the classical Stephanotis floribunda (pi. 4058),
which Mrs. Lawrence, of Ealing Park, had the grati-
fication of introducing to the stoves of this country,
and in whose garden it flowered profusely as early
as 1843. The strikingly handsome Asiatic genus
.Eschynanthus, is represented by four species, which
appeared in rapid succession. The first was JE.
r>obbianus (pi. 4260), followed by JE. pulcher (pi.
4264), JE. speciosus (pi. 4320), and JE. longiflorus
(pl. 4328).

Returning to the beginning of the seventy-third
volume, in which are the two plates last cited, we
behold the Victoria Water Lily,

Victoria eeqia.
Horticultural triumphs have been great and un-
ceasing during the present century, but none, pro-
bably, caused so great a sensation as the first
flowering of the great Water Lily at Chatsworth in
1849, under the care of Joseph Paxton and George
Eyles. Persons who possess the Gardeners* Chronicle
for that year will find fall particulars of the circum-
stance, and of the greater successes of subsequent
years at Chatsworth, Syou House, and Ivew. I can-
not give the history of this noble plant here, though
it seems specially appropriate to add a few words
more respecting it. It appears to have been first
observed by Haenke at the beginning of the present
century, though this fact was not made known till
some forty years later ; and it was not till 1837 that
the botanical world was familiarised with it. Sir
Robert Schomburgk discovered it in British Guiana
early in the year named, and transmitted a descrip-
tion and drawings of it to the Geographical
Society of London, suggesting the name Nympha:a
Victoria. The drawings were placed in Dr.
Lindley's hands, and he, detecting characters
of sufficient importance to give the plant inde-
pendent generic rank, proposed naming it Victoria
Regia, a proposal graciously accepted by Her Majesty.
Accordingly, in August, 1837, there appeared a
coloured plate, of atlas folio size, together with full
description, dedication, and history. This memoir
was privatelv printed, and the entire issue consisted
of only twenty-five copies, one of which is at Kew,
from the library of Sir William Hooker. Subse-

not given in the most accessible form. Mr. Smiths first
enumeration of the Ferns cultivated in the Royal Gardens,
Kew. appeared in the Companion to the Mof/azine, Iixii.
(1846), p. 7—39.

* Achimenes coccinea syn. Cyrilla pulchella, is figured in an
early volume of the Magazine, pl. 3T4.

46

THE GAB DENE RS' CHBONICLE.

[July 9, 1887.

quently, in 1851, the Victoria Kegia was magni-
licently illustrated by Fitch, in a very full historical
and descriptive memoir by the elder Hooker. It had
previously been figured in the Botanical Magazine,
plates 4i7.') to 4i7f*, from materials supplied by
Schomburgk and Bridges. Two of the seeds sent
home by Bridges in clay germinated at Kew in
October, 1846, but the plants perished in December.
In 1849 numerous plants were raised at Kew from
seeds obtained through the agency of Dr. Eodie
and Mr. Lachie, of Demerara, and it was one of
these that flowered at Chatsworth. Plants from
the same batch tiowered later at Syon House and
Kew. W.IS.H.

(To be continued.)

FRUIT GROWING.

At a meeting held at Mancliester, during the last
spring, Mr. Ed. Baillie, of Chester, delivered an
address on the question of fruit-growing, which,
he said, has occupied the public mind for sonie
time. It has not been made, as it ought to be.
a national question, nor h.is it received, as it
ought to have received, national aid ; probably
because it is one of those questions which depend
upon a good many minor things, as we shall
perhaps see as we go on. I do not know what
your Lancashire orchards are like ; but the Cheshire
orchards are fit for very little from an economic
point of view. The tyjjical farmer's orchard in our
County is a very interesting place — from an anti-
quarian point of view. The trees — venerable speci-
mens of antiquity — have been there for 1 don't know
how long, disregarded and neglected. They are
certainly supposed to be fruit-bearing trees, but what
tliey bear fruit for is somewhat difficult to determine,
because the fruit is not, by any means, of that
quality which would commend itself to either the
market or the farmers' households. In manv of the
Herefordshire orchards the Apples find their way
into the pig-trough ; and the only use of many
Cheshire orchards is to supply the farmboy's dump-
ling with palat.ible padding. Let rae give you an
instance of what can be done in Cheshire by industry
and good method. This last summer, in our own
neighbourhood of Chester, I had occasion to go over
a fruit farm of about 1.S acres in extent. The owner
began life as a labourer, and, not many years ago, he
bought the entire property with the savings from the
profits earned by cultivating this little estate. He
grew Pears, within ten miles of Chester, quite as fine
as tlie finest Pears I have seen from Jersey, and
Strawberries equal to any that are supplied to either
the Liverpool or the London market. He had served
his time with the great American fruit grower,
E. P. Roe, who has written a great deal upon the
cultivation of small fruits, and he grew better Straw-
berries tlian were produced by that distinguished
American grower at the time he was in his service.
The secret of his success was that he took special
pains in producing, picking, and in packing his
fruits ; when other people had to bring back from
the market many and many a load unsold, he was
always to be found returning early in the day, having
sold everything.

The Vegetarian Society has, very rightly, advo-
cated the more extended cultivation of fruit on
hedges and railway embankments, and other eligible
places at present unused. Xow let us consider
where this question of fruit growing touches upon
matters of national importance. The most promi-
nent of these is the labour question. Take the case
of the farm of 13 acres, which I have just men-
tioned ; the main secret of its success is the amount
of careful labour bestowed on the soil and its pro-
duce ; the owner employs as many men upon bis
13 acres as are usually employed on a farm of 300 or
400 acres, with the appliances of mechanism which
entef so largely into the system of modern agri-
culture. 1 will not say here, and now, anything
about the happy employment of the people, but it is
a question worth more than passing consideration
whether or no our population shall be happily and

healthily employed. Fruit-growing certainly com-
mends itself from this point of view. Other im-
])ortant problems upon which the question of fiiiit-
growing touches are those of the national food
supply, and of the right and best use of tlie land.
Then comes the question whether Apple-farming, or
fruit-farming of any kind, is really a "good thing"
from a commercial standpoint. It will pay, and ])ay
well, if it is properly done ; but whether it is best,
from that comprehensive view which takes in ulti-
mate issues, for a man to put his money in fields Ol-
factories is aquestion which I must treat very gently
here, remembering I am not now in a rural district,
but in a manufacturing city. ^Vith regard to ]n'o-
duction, it must be remembered that cultivation of
the soil never admits of the accumulation of a
fortune by juggling; but if a man works, and works
honestly and rightly, he will have a return propor-
tionate to his labour. Where the labourer is brought
into direct contact with the soil the chances of
success lie in his own hands, and de])end on his own
industry. Sense also is necessary, as well as in-
dustry ; there is no use attempting to grow badly in
tlie North what tliey can grow very well in the
South. We must cultivate such fruits as are best
fitted for our soil, our situation, and our markets.

The choice of situation for a fruit farm is also a
matter in which common sense must be exercised.
Many people are utterly regardless as to the aspect
in which the farm, or garden, or orchard is placed.
And when all the conditions of successful production
have been secured, the next thing is to obtain right
methods of distribution. It is a distinct blot upon
our commercial system that there should be seasons
when there seems to be too much of everything ;
seasons when the fruit-grower cannot dispose of the
bountiful produce of his land; whilst at the same
time that the grower has fruit going to waste it mav
be impossible to buy fruit at all in a market-place
not far distant. The cause of this condition of
afi'airs lies mainly in the fact that the cost of car-
riage is 60 enormous as to absorb all profits on the
fruit conveyed. It is a most apjialling fact that you
can actually get consignments brought from far
inland across the Atlantic to any of the British ports
for less than it costs to get similar consignments of
fruit taken from one English town to another in a
neighbom-ing county. The question of the reform
of railway rates has been brought before the public,
but I am sorry to say without any apparent chance
at present of success. So completely is the home
grower handicapped in his competition with the
foreigner by the rate of carriage that has to be paid
in England, that one English fruit grower, I hear,
actually ships his fruit to Rotterdam and thence to
London. By so doing he can clear a profit, and this
he finds he cannot do if he sends his fruit direct to
London across English soil. It seems to rae a most
ridiculous thing that a fruit-grower should have to
do this. In spite, however, of the exorbitant charges
for caiTiage, profits are, as I have told you, to be
made in fruit-growing. Archdeacon Lea, a writer
on fruit-farming, gives an epitome of his fourteen
years' work with 3 acres. He has given the results
of good seasons and adverse seasons ; and he savs
that in his worst season he made £6 6s. 3rf.,
and in his best £79 9i. Wd. nett profits. That is
just by ordinary fruit-growing iu a district where he
is badly placed as regards markets. There are also
numbers of growers making handsome profits from
Strawberry-growing, and that alone; and I believe
other departments of fruit will pay equally well,
thougli I do not believe that in fruit-growing, with
its present ditficulties, such large profits can be
cleared as in ordinary commerce. At present, how-
ever, a fair comparison can hardly be made, so
urgently is the distributing system in need of reform.
The first improvement that I should propose would
be to establish centres of sale. These centres of
distribution should be formed in the great centres of
population ; they should be in Manchester, Liver-
pool, Birmingham, and so on. I am well within the
truth when I say that during this last year there
must hftve been hundrecls of growers in our own

district who actually could not dispose of their fruit
on any terms whatever. At the proposed centres of
sale a man should be able to get any kind of fruit he
wants. This would involve the sale of fruit by
sample. Why should not a gi'ower of fruit be tru.«ted
to supply goods equal to sample as well as a grower
of corn ? And sale by sample would in turn involve
another improvement, namely, the exercise of care
in packing the fruit. In this respect our English
growers are lamentably behind the foreigners.

Again, proper methods of preserving and drying
fruit should be brought into use ; and here, too, we
are fearfully behind America and other countries,
which at present send over large quantities of tinned
and preserved fruits to our English markets. Here
I must say something about the question of foreign
competition. I am not going to say anything that
could be construed into a political signification. I
am not going to argue for "free trade " or "fair
trade ;" my point does not involve impost duties, or
any conditions of that nature. But certainly we are
very unfairly handicapped in the matter of foreign
competition. I do not blame national Governments,
however, so much as I blame households and indi-
viduals. It is not a question so much for Govern-
ments as it is a question for ourselves. The last
time I went up to London, in the autumn of the
year, I took good care to ask, by way of experiment,
for English fruits at every station we stopped at ;
and I could not get a British Apple or a Pear at any
station between Chester and London. I could get
Jersey Pears at id. a-piece, and paper trays of what
thw called French Plums for which I paid 6rf. a tray.
I say advisedly Orf. a tray, for the tray was the only
part \vorth having, the Plums themselves were but
skin, and stone, and sourness. Now, if every one
were to ask, as I did, for English fruit, and insist
upon getting it, or refuse to buy, we should cease to
find it the case that foreign fruit, often of the worst
possible quality, and always at an exorbitant price,
is the only thing to be had. The other day I went
to the grocer's for some American Newtown Pippin
Apples, for which he charged 'id. a pound. I was
victimised, perhaps, but he got his price. 1 bought
splendid Blenheim Pippins. British gro\vn, to my
thinking ten times better than the American Apples,
for \hd. per pound, and more beautiful-looking
fruit. Why are the American Apples sold at a
higher price than the superior English fruit? Be-
cause everybody asks for American Apples, and
nobody asks for English ones ; and because foreign
fruit is everywhere disjdayed, and English
fruit nowhere to be seen. In large centres, such
as JIanchester, Liverpool, and Birmingham, the
buyer is everywhere to be blamed in this respect ;
but in London especially so. The last time I was
in London I went to most of the fruiterers' shops,
and I could not find more than two or three varie-
ties of British fruit ; but on hucksters' barrows and
in every fruiterer's shop you could find American
Apples and imported fruits. You will see the evil
of this state of things if I put before you, in imagi-
nation, a parallel case in a parable. Supposing one
of our Cheshire farmers were to go to Holland for
his butter, to Australia for his meat, to France and
America for his eggs and fruit; and the farmer's
wife were to spend all her pin-money upon fringes
and finery from Paris — where do you think the
farmer would be ? England is very much in the
position of the foolish farmer, going abroad for
things which can be produced at home. It is an
undoubted fact that we are paying hundreds of
thousands of pounds away for foreign butter, eggs,
and milk, when such produce may be obtained within
our own shores ; and yet the farmers at home do not
know how to make ends meet. How are they to
be helped to better their position ? In my opinion
one way would be by technical education. We ought
to have people educated for the trade of fruit-raisiug,
just as we already have workmen educated in the
trades in which we are able to maintain a supremacy
over other countries ; we ought to have teachers at
work in the field as well as in the schools of
textile art and fabric. And even in towns the art of

Jnr 9, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHBONICLE.

47

gardening can, and should be, taught and encou-
raged. Much might be done by means of exhibitions
to teach people what can be done in a garden.
Exhibitions are beginning, too, to raise the standard
of fruit. Such exhibitions as that which was held at
Chiswick ouglit to be held in various centres.

Finally, there is another work to be under-
taken. I allude to the work of educating the
people as to the food value of fruits. I havr-
lately been reading a book which I recommend
to all who are interested in the education of
the people in habits of thrift, economy, and
in the use of fruit as food — Mrs. Butler's Life of
Oberlin. What was done in Switzerland by this
truly great man ought to be done in our own
country by every earnest pastor of tlie people. Our
town populations are as yet indifferent to the value
of fruit. At Chester I got some of our city mis-
sionaries to make inquiries as to the quantity of fruit
partaken of by the poorer classes in different dis-
tricts. They rejjorted to me that they visited
in Chester, I think, 109 people, and out of all that
number the total amount of fruit that was consumed
amounted to sixty quarts of all kinds for the pre-
ceding twelve months ! I think it is terrible that
the population visited by city missionaries sliould be
absolutely devoid of understanding as to the food
value of fruit.

Let our temperance friends undertake this noble
work of positive education. Let us show the labour-
ing man's wife that drink is not needful ; that fruit
is even a cheaper and better luxun*. Purity and
simplicity of life is, I believe, to be secured in a very
large degree by the extended cultivation and use
of fruits. In the first place, by providing the
workers with healthful occupations; by putting
before the public in the markets a form of
food which ought to be a considerable factor in a
simple and healthful diet ; and by encouraging its use
in domestic circles where its value is not known. In
short, it is much better to turn England into a garden
than into a slaughter-house.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

ODONTOGLOSSUMS AT SUDBURY HOUSE.

One of the loveliest floral displays one can possibly
see is a houseful of flowering plants of Miltonia
vexillaria, unquestionably the queen of the whole
genus. Such a sight I enjoyed the other day in
Mr. Peacock's "village of glass" in the rear of his
residence, Sudbury House, Hammersmith. For
several years this Miltonia has been one of the
special features of this rich Orchid collection, but
this season I think that the display has been finer
than ever, the plants being in such rude health as
the massive growths and broad foliage indicate. On
seeing these hundreds of splendid plants one is apt to
ask why it is that so many fail in growing this Orchid
to perfection, for one may visit twenty Orchid col-
lections and not see a dozen healthy plants of this
finest of Miltonias. Mr. Vicary, the gardener, may
have some secret to tell with respect to the treat-
ment he gives his plants, but I am inclined to think
that there is nothing beyond the close attention he
pays to the requirements of the plants as regards
watering, and an incessant watching for the first
thrips, which never comes. Every experienced
Orchid grower knows that the deadliest enemy to
this Orchid, and indeed Odontoglossum Roezlii, O.
Phala^nopsis, and other species of the same section,
is thrips, and if the young and very tender foliage is
once attacked by it the plant is weakened for a whole
season. Mr. Vicary's practice is simple ; he wisely
thinks prevention is better than cure, so he dips the
plants in a weak solution of tobacco-water periodically.
When the plants are in bloom the operation is of
course suspended for a time, and other preventive mea-
sures taken to keep the pests away. It may interest
some would-be cultivator of this Orchid to knowthat
the house in which Mr. Peacock's plants are grown is
long and narrow, placed against a wall, facing, I be-

lieve, due north-east, but plenty of light is derived
from behind. The house is therefore never very hot
even at midsummer, and the atmospheric conditions
as regards moisture can be nicely adjusted. The
plants occupy the front stage close under the roof,
and ample provision is made under the stages and in
the paths for abundant evaporation. The plants
occupy the same house throughout the year, and
there is no fuss made about shifting them from
summer to winter quarters as in some collections.
There are no fewer than 7000 flowers and buds, and
some of the plants are huge specimens, with tall,
many-flowered spikes, which spread on all sides of
the plants in a most graceful way.

As one may suppose, there are numerous distinct
varieties in such a large assemblage of plants ; somi^
of the forms bear uncommonly large flowers, others
are very light — almost white, in fact— while others
are, on the contrary, of an intensely deep rose-pink —
some would call it crimson, and a few combine both
light and dark tints in the same flowers. Every
season some new form flowers for the first time in
this collection, and if an attempt were made to give
to each a distinctive name the list of names indi-
cating superlative beauty would soon be exhausted.
What would Bowman, the original discoverer of this
Orchid, have said had he lived to see such a gather-
ing of it in a hothouse ; and probably Chesterton, to
whom we owe its introduction, did not dream that
his greatest " find " would create such a sight as this
in the short space of fifteen years. Mr. Peacock's
display of Miltonia vexillaria was of course supple-
mented by numbers of other species in bloom.
Odontoglossum crispum was in abundance, there
being quite a thicket of spikes in each house de-
voted to this one species of Orchid. The beautiful
O. Phalicnopsis, which is so difiicult to manage, is
here one of the specialties of the place; for the pre-
cise treatment it likes was found out long ago. The
housefuls of Oncidiuras, Phalienopsids, Dendrobes,
Cattleyas, Masdevallias, all added to the great dis-
play in this Orchid garden; but the predominating
feature about which I have written so engrossed
my attention that I did not notice much beyond
them. G.

Cattleta labiata Warnerii.

In the notes on the Woodhatch collection of
Orchids it is stated that this species does not flower
freely in some collections. It is a fact that many
growers do not succeed with it. There is no reason
whatever why the plants should not flower freely
enough if they receive the treatment they require.
The plants have now made their growth, and are
either in flower or have passed through that stage,
and are entering into the period of rest, which ought
to be a lengthened one. The plants must be kept at
this time in a light position in the Cattleya-house,
and receive but very little water at the roots. This
treatment is continued for four or five months, as
the plants do not start into very strong growth until
January. In this respect C. Warnerii differs from
C. Mendelii and C. Mossioe ; the two latter begin to
make tlie next season's bulbs even before they pass
out of flower, and require a moist, warm atmosphere,
with plenty of water at the roots. The mistake is
made by inexperienced cultivators of treating all of
them alike, with the natural result that C. Warnerii
will not flower. Give it a good resting period until
Christmas. At that time the plants will start to
grow, and even before the pseudobulbs are quite
developed the flowers may be seen in the sheath.
They come in just after Mossiie and Mendelii.

we flower almost as freiily as Cattleya Mossla;. It
flowers as freely in its native country, and there is no
reason why it should not do so in our hot houses. It is
all a matter of treatment. The plants of this species
and of L. autumnalis require the same cultural de-
tails, viz., a position near the glass in an interme-
diate-house, summer and winter. All the plants are
potted in the usual way, in good peat and sphagnum.
They are well watered during the growing period, but
scarcely receive any shade ; a, very light tiffany screen

is placed over the glass, in hot sunny weather, such
as a very light cloud would cause drifting before the
sun. The house gets very hot at this season, and is
shut up early in the afternoon to produce a high tem-
perature. This is desirable at present for the pur-
pose of maturing the pseudobulbs. The leaves of
the plants ought almost to touch the glass.

0. Miltonia Koezlii.
This handsome species has now passed out of
flower, and all the plants of it have been repotted-
I have tried this and also M. vexillaria by potting
them once only in two years, but I fancy they do
better when repotted annually. There may be some
difference of opinion as to the best time to perform
the operation of potting, and I have found the plants
to do quite as well when they were disturbed in
autumn, as they do if shifted into fresh pots now.
It is easier to err on the side of under than on that
of over-potting. J. Douglas.

Orchids at Freeland, Perth, N.B.

To admirers of Orchids a visit to the residence of
C. L. Wood, Esq., would at any time be \\'orth a
long journey, and at the present time especially so,
as there is a gorgeous display of flowers, particularly
in the cool house. The collection of Orchids at
Freeland has for several years been under the care-
ful management of Mr. lioutledge, and during that
time has been steadily increasing in extent. Odon-
toglossums form an important item, there being over
a hundred fine spikes of 0. crispum alone in full
bloom, while as many more still remain unopened.
Several of the plants bore from seven to nine spikes,
with an average of eight blooms on a spike ; one
plant noticed had a fine spike bearing thirteen fully
expanded flowers, many of them measuring 4^ by
5 inches. Amongst the other Odontoglots observed
were a nice plant of 0. cirrosum, with a couple of
spikes, each carrying a dozen fine flowers ; O.
(Miltonia) vexillarium, with six spikes, bearing five
blooms each, most of them measuring 4} by 3^
inches, and very finely coloured ; and 0. cordatum,
an old but very useful variety, was also finely
flowered. A very fine specimen of 0. Kuckerianum,
with two spikes bearing seventy blooms, was just
over, as were also a number of fine plants of
0. hystrix. 0. Pescatorei had still a few spikes
of very chaste flowers, and in the same house
were a number of plants of Masdevallia Harry-
ana growing in 7-iuch pots, each carrying on an
average from thirty-five to forty flowers, which
looked bright and showy among the Odontoglots.

Disa grandiflora, showing a number of strong
healthy flower-spikes, will soon be bright with its
crimson flowers. Several of these plants were
growing in baskets, and producing quantities of
growths both at the sides and bottoms ; any one
desirous of increasing their stock of this beautiful
Orchid might adopt the basket system with advan-
tage. Amongst the Cypripediums, a number of
plants of Lawrenceanum were finely flowered, while
farther along a nice healthy piece of Godefroyie with
several neat blooms was observed. C. Stonei, C,
ciliolare, and C. Veitchianum were also well repre-
sented. C. niveum was, however, the prettiest of
the lot, a neat little plant bearing half a dozen chaste
blooms — a gem. Among the Dendrobes, D. Farmeri,
with four long drooping racemes, each bearing from
thirty to thirty-five fully expanded flowers, was very
effective. D. Dearei, with its snowy blossoms, was
also very attractive ; D. Jaraesianum, which is often
seen grown in warm quarters, is here doing splendidly
in the Odontoglossum-house, making strong solid
bulbs.

Cattleyas were nearly all over, a few flowers only
remaining to show what had been ; one plant of C.
Mossiie chiriquensis, with three spikes of fine flowers
measuring 7| inches by 8 inches, was really hand-
some, the individual blooms being fine in texture
and richly coloured ; C. Mendelii was also well
flowered. Lielia elegans, a general favourite every-
where, is also represented by a numbei' of robust
healthy plants in flower. W. L,

48

THE GABDEKEBS' CIinnXIfLE.

[July 9, 18H7.

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iRoval Iloiticultural Society : Cnun-
cil; nnd Scientific, Fruit ami
..-, Floral Committees.

J Gar(teiu'r,s' Orphan Fund: General
[ Meeting.

SHOWS.

.IfLV 12.!

WEDXESD.VY, .Tuly l'!-'

', Jloulsey Horticultural.

(Tlii.in. 1; ll.>-lM iiltural.

THURSDAY,

.Ill.v

j^; l::i; . -niral and Hiirti-

1 Ali:^.iL..li,. lal.icc Uoae Show (three
'. day»).

FRIDAY,

.TfLV

("West of Scotland Ro«arians.
, . I Hereford and West of England Ro«e.
'•^)HuU Amateur Horticultural (two

( days).

SALES

WEDNESDAY,

, .Tl-LY

,, ( Orchids in Flower, Imported Or-
^^\ chids, &c., at Stevens' Rooms.

THURSDAY.

JlLY

, I I Importation of Orchids, at Stevens*

FRIDAY,

.Il-LY

..(Established Orchids, at rrothcroe
'^ i & Morris' Rooms.

EVERYTHI.VG is now in train, de-
Gardeners' J .1 1 1 T 1 T

Orphan Fund *'"'^ buve been disoussed, redis-
cussed, and discussed again, so
that the provisional committee will be able to
present to the general meeting on the 12th inst.
a scheme which, however it may work out in
practice, is neither crude nor ill-digested. The
general meeting will be held in the Conservatory
at South Kensington on Tuesday next, July 12, at
3 P.M., when, it is stated. Sir .Julian Golds.mid,
M.P., the President of the Fund, will take the
chair. The provisional committee will, we appre-
hend, give an account of their labours, and will
submit the proposed rules (copies of which
have been circulated), for adoption by the
meeting. The provisional Treasurer or one of
the Secretaries will probably submit a financial
statement, and it will then be for the meeting to
ratify the proceedings of the provisional com-

mittee, to propose amendments, or even the rejec-
tion of the scheme, if they think fit. Of this last
alternative, however, we have no fear. T\'hat we
do earnestly hope is that if not a very large (but the
larger the better) yet a very representative meeting
will be assembled to release the provisional com-
mittee, and appoint a permanent one. "We hope to
see the Councils of the Koyal Horticultural
Society, the Royal Botanic Society, the National
Hose, and Chrysanthemum, and, indeed, of all
the Societies and Institutes connected with Hor-
ticulture, officially represented. The Provisional
Committee and its Chairman have done their
work eagerly and well, from a sense of the
excellence of the cause ; the best way in which
the community can express their gratitude to
Mr. Penny and the originators of the pro-
posal— to Mr. Deal and his associates, who have
directed its evolution to the present stage, is to
attend in their numbers, or if not able to do so,
to help the helpless by their subscriptions, and
cheer the future Executive by their support.
The names of Messrs. Carter & Co., Suaem.vx,
and CuTi.EU should have been added to the sub-
scription list in our last issue.

The proceedir.gs in th :• whilom
instHute'" garden of the Royal Horticultural

Society on the occasion of the
deposit of the foundation stone of the buildings
for the Imperial Institute, by Her Majesty,
were stately enough, and, so far as they went, of
good augury for the future. There is still, how-
ever, a vagueness about what is proposed and
how it is to be effected that will at any rate defer
its success. For one thing not a word as far as
we can gather was said about Horticulture. A\'e
venture to affirm, however, that of all the sul-
jeots which will come within the purview of an
Indo-Colonial Institute such as this is to be, none
is of more importance than the culture of plants
for economic or ornamental purposes.

We have repeatedly mentioned the boon which
the botanists of India and the botanists at Kew
have conferred on the Empire. Look at the
Cinchona interest, the Tea industry. Cotton cul-
ture, the search for and culture of Rubber trees,
and a dozen other matters, some of which would
have been wholly impossible except for the
labours of the botanists and culturists. Horti-
culture, then, in this broad sense should have no
small share in the Imperial Institute, and the
Royal Horticultural Society, as the representative
of scientitio horticulture, should see that it
is not left out in the cold. Lord Salisbury, as
the mouthpiece of the Connnissioners for the
Exhibition of IS.jl, addressed Her Majesty as
to the work that has been done at South Ken-
sington, and made incidental allusion to the
Pioyal Horticultural Society. He took credit to
the Commissioners for having granted sites or
otherwise aided some eight institutions of various
Icinds, but he said nothing of the way in which
the Commissioners have beggared the Society,
after having compelled it to borrow money and
build costly structures on their land, from which
the Society derives no benefit, and from which
it is to be expelled — well, from which it is
to go shortly ; he said nothing about the
contest to secure the rights of the debenture-
holders — a contest which proved the honesty of
the Society, but at the cost of its resources, which
left it honour, but no peace — a contest, in fact,

which left the Society practically penniless, and
which left the landlords in possession of build-
ings erected, in great part at least, by the tenants.

The Society as a fashionable resort has, it is
true, been a failure, but no one conversant with
its work in practical horticulture will admit that
it has been anything but a success in this parti-
cular. Its conunittees work diligently and well
throughout the year, without fee or reward. They
do work on a scale and in a degree which no other
body in the kingdom attempts to do ; the Chis-
wick trials, moreover, are of service to the whole
community, and, in fact, the whole practical work
of the Society is one of direct utility : and yet
having been beggared, mainly by the action of the
Commissioners, it is not to be allowed a slice of that
territory which nine other institutions, it appears,
are to enjoy or do enjoy. Two or three of these
institutions are doing magnificent work, but as
to the remainder, while we are far from wishing
to speak in dLsparagement of them, there is not
one whose work hitherto can, or could, compare
in practical utility to the nation to that of the
Royal Horticultural Society. Surely if these
institutions are entitled to sites, the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society has certainly a prior and in
our opinion a stronger claim. The Marquis of
Salisbury, of course, may be expected to know
about as much as the man in the moon of the
work of the Royal Horticultural Society, but
surely there must have been some among the
scientific members of the Conunission to whom the
treatment accorded to the Royal Horticultural
Society must have brought a blush of shame, that
is, if members of a body corporate are susceptible
of vascular dilatations of that kind. Blushing is,
it is said, due to the sudden paralysis of certain
nerves, which anatomists call sympathetic, and the
consequent repletion of the blood-vessels. No
one will accuse the Commissioners of being sym-
pathetic, so it is probable that this particular
branch of their nervous system is defective. This
would not be of so much consequence if their
sense of justice were not also, as it would seem,
correspondingly impaired.

The managers of that earnest
Show"" ^"'^ ^^'^" M^ii^Sed Society, the
Kational Rose Society, may be
congratulated on the success of their venture on
Tuesday last. In spite of predictions of climatic
evil, which seemed only too likely to be justified,
a good exhibition was got together. The Teas
were wonderfully beautiful ; Countess de Nadail-
lac must be saluted as theQueenof the year, Ulrich
Brunner as the King, while llessrs. Haekness S:
Son, of Bedale, may be congratulated on having
won the Trophy Clip. The Pauls, Cants, Tur-
ners, Cbanstons, have had so many successes,
both in this and in past years, that they will not
grudge a Yorkshire firm the honour they have
won, and rosarians will rejoice that the empire of
Queeii Rose is thus conspicuously seen to be
daily extending. A full report of the show is
given in another column ; but amid all the formal
lines of twenty-fours and thirty-sixes, the fault-
less Merveilles de Lyon, the geometric A. K.
Williams and others, over whose points the
enthusiast lingers in rapture, we may be allowed
to mention the charm conferred by the boxes of
" garden Roses." The sight of them is comparable
to a ramble in the woods in summer in contrast
with attendance at a St.-ite ceremonial in full
uniform. Comparisons, however, are inappro-
priate ; but among these garden Roses was one
— " The Garland " — of such exceeding beauty,
that it is a duty to those who love their gardens to
mention it. The beautiful JIacartnev Rose was

Jii-X 0, 1887.]

THE GAB DENE I? S' CHRONICLE.

49

conspicuous by it« absence, or if present it escaped
our observation.

The way in which the Royal Horticultural
Society neglects, or, as in this case, ignores its
opportunities, is only to be explained by the
creeping paralysis which is steadily stealing over
t. Kosarians from most parts of the island were
present, but for all the Royal Horticultural
Society did on this occasion the meeting might
have been one of tallow-chandlers on Salisbury
Plain. The Society complains of its loss of influ-
ence in the provinces and of the multiplication of
special societies which are absorbing the interest
of which it ought to have the largest share, but
the proceedings on Tuesday seem to afford a good
reason for the want of sympathy on either side.

admirably. Being vigorous gi-owers -Ivhen in health,
care should be taken to furnish an ample supply of
rich loam when planted, and afterwards to assist the
plants when this beconips exhausted witli top-dress-
ings of loam and manure.

The Late Mr. Thomas Moore. — Many

persons desirous to jiosscss some memento of this
indefatigable worker in horticultural matters may
like to learn that liis library has been disposed of
entire to Mr. 'Wheldo.s-, Great Queen Street, by
whom, with the assistance of a competent botanist,
Mr. James Collins, it has been catalogued for sale.
Mr. Moore's library was very complete in books of
general botanical reference, and, of course, was un-
usually rich in works relating to horticulture and to

the conclusion that the germinating power of a seed
is proportionate to the amount of nitrogen it received
during its formation, and which it has retained
during its period of dormant activity. To preserve
the vitality of a seed, M. Dir Brvssos counsels that
it shall be kept so that the agents which facilitate
germination — heat and moisture — shall not be able to
affect them. The Count lays special stress on the
necessity for keeping the seed at a low temperature.

Market Fruit.— We are frequently requested
by dissatisfied fruit-growers to publish their some-
time just complaints in reference to the prices
returned to them by Covent Garden salesmen ; but
on Friday last we were shown such a sample of bad
packing as would give cause, if it were common, for

.'^^ji:rv

iW:'(\^

Fig. 12. — teee p.eosy locise mocchelet.

Tree PyeONIES.— Our illustration, fig. 12, repre-
sents a fine specimen of Tree Posony Louise Mouche-
let, growing in the gardens at Weirleigh, Brenchley,
the residence of A. Sassoon, Esq. The plant is
about 5 feet high, and is fullv 7 feet in width.
When last in bloom it was a magnificent sight, carry-
ing over fifty flowers, wliich averaged 8 inches across.
Paionies being, amongst flowering shrubs, the earliest
to begin to grow, require some protection from cold
winds and spring frosts, and are best planted where
they receive protection on the north and east sides.
It is needless to say that Tree Pieonies are amongst
the most gorgeons of flowering shrubs ; and althougli
spring tender when standing in perfectly open situa-
tions, yet they are capable of adding much to the inte-
rest and beauty of the early summer garden when judi-
ciously planted. When planted in unhealed houses,
glass corridors, and tlie like places, where the plants
make growth unharmed by frosts, they succeed

Ferns. The monument to be erected in the Bromp-
ton Cemetery is approaching completion, and still
there is an opportunity for those who have not
already done so to contribute to the memorial of one
of the soundest horticulturists the country has pro-
duced. Messrs. Hakky Veitch, King's Road, Clielsea,
and Dr. Mastehs, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, have the
matter in hand.

Preservation of Seeds. — M. le Comte m->
BoYssoN, well known as a ])ractical Orchid grower,
recommends from his own experience that old seeds
of doubtful germinating power should be soaked for
thirty-six hours in some liquid containing nitrogen,
e,q., one gramme of guano to a litre of water. The
experiment was varied in different manners, but
always witji tlie same satisfactory result. Reflecting
on this and on the occasional long prolongation of
vitalitv in buried seeds, ^f. Dtj Buvssov came to

wholesale complaint by the salesmen against the
senders of choice fruit. The fruit was Peaches of
fair size, and quite ripe when sent — that of itself a
mistake, as fruit intended to be kept a day or two
for sale should be gathered previous to perfect ripe-
ness. Cotton-wool was employed as the packing
material, but in too small quantity. The bottom of
the wooden bo.x which held the fruits was so thinly
lined with the wool that the base of the fruits was in
all cases entirely reduced to pulp by concussion with
the wood, and they were only separated from each
other at the sides by thin rolls of wool, and not
wrapped in tissue-paper, but were in contact with
wool everywhere. Now here was about £1 worth of
fruit rendered unsaleable by unsatisfactory packing.
It cannot too often be repeated, that the best pack-
ing material is well picked, fine, partially dry moss,
free from dust and any substances that would bruise
the fruit : and such fruit as Melons, Peaches, Xec-

50

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE.

[July 9, 1887.

tarines, Figs, ripe Pears, Grenadillas, and Pine-
apples, should be wrapped in tissue-paper previous
to embedding in the moss. A layer of at least
1 inch in thickness when pressed sliould intervene
between the sides and bottom of the box and the
fruit, except in the case of heavy fruit, such as the
first and last above named, when 4 inches of packing
moss would not be excessive. Grapes should be
packed tightly at the sides with moss — but separated
from it by smooth paper — to prevent movement, but
should receive no packing material at the top, and
are safest when placed in a cross-handled basket.

" Phytolacca electrica.— This is the name

of a new plant lately discovered to have electrical
properties, and described by some of the German
journals. It gives a slight electric shock to the
hand when its stalk is broken, and it affects the
magnetic needle, disturbing it considerably if brouglit
very near. Its energy varies during the day, being
strongest at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and
fading away to nothing at night." "We take the
above from Burgoyne, Bhrbidge & Co.'s Trade
List; but we are of course not responsible for the
accuracy of the statement.

Scottish Seed and Nursery Associa-
tion.— A committei' minting of tlie above Associa-
tion was held at Knowetiekl, Carlisle, on -Tune 29,
Mr. James Watt, who is President of the Associa-
tion for the year, in the chair. After the business
of the meeting was concluded an inspection of
Messrs. Little & Ballantyne's nurseries was made,
Mr. "Watt afterwards entertaining at Knowefield the
members who represented the leading Scotch houses
from Edinburgh, Glasgow, and other towns, to
dinner. The Mayor of Carlisle was amongst the
guests who joined the dinner party.

Germination of Brazil Nuts (Bertholletia

exeelsa). — With a view to introducing into Queens-
land this valuable tree a large quantity of freshly
imported seeds was purchased for Kew from a Lon-
don wholesale house, and at once packed in cases
with moist soil, and forwarded to the Botanical
(lardens at Brisbane. To test the seeds a sowing
was made at Kew at the same time. Several of
these germinated a few weeks after they were sown,
whilst others have I'emained in the soil without
showing any signs of growth till the beginning of
this month. We have in this a proof that under
certain favourable conditions the seeds of the Brazil
Nut will keep fresh, and retain the power to germi-
nate, for at least two years. As these seeds are
generally considered among those which soonest lose
their germinating power, owing to the large quantity
of oil they contain, it is worth recording that tliey
may be kept fresh for a period of two years at least.

Tuberous Begonias at South Kensing-
ton.— We understand that Messrs. Joun Laing
& Co., Stanstead Park Nurseries, Forest Hill, intend
making a large display of double and single flower-
ing Begonias at the Royal Horticultural Society's
meeting on July 12.

TonQUIN Beans. — The Tonquin, or, as it is some-
times called, the Tonga Bean, the seed of Dipterj'X
odorata, Willd., is well known for its fragrance,
resembliug that of newly-mown hay, and hence it
was much valued, at one time, for scenting snuff, and
at the present time for sachets and handkerchief
perfumes. The tree is a native of Guiana, and grows
to a height of from GO to 70 feet, with a diameter
of from 1 to 2 feet. The wood is very hard and
durable, and is said to bear a greater sti'ain than
any other wood in the colony. It is chiefly used
for shafts, mill wheels, cogs, &c. The principal
value of the tree, however, is for the seeds, the
best qualities of which always fetch a high price
in the English market, the finest Angostura Beans
realising at the present time &•. Qd. jjer pound
wholesale, the second and third qualities fetching
4s. and 2s. respectively. In a rejjort on the trade
of the State of Bolivar for the year 1886 it is

stated that the crop of Beans was unusually large
and far exceeded the crops of the previous five
years. The quantity of Beans collected in the great
forests of the territory of Caura and prepared for
exportation exceeded 350,000 lb. weight. The total
quantity exported from Ciudad Bolivar, according to
the retmrns of the agents of the parties who
hold the exclusive privilege of collecting and
exporting the vegetable products of the above-named
territory, was 298,000 lb. nett weight. Previous to
the year 188.3, before the collecting and exporting
this valuable fruit became a monopoly, the mer-
chants of Ciudad Bolivar paid the Government an
export duty of .35 cents per pound — three and a half
times as much as that now paid by the parties hold-
ing the exclusive privilege of exporting this seed. The
quantities exported fluctuate considerably, as will be
seen from the following statement :— 1882, 89,965 lb. ;
1883,1.5.3,1.381b.: 1884,150.6811b.; 1885,35.325 1b.;
1886. 298.01X1 lb.

Mushroom Gathering.— In the Queen's Bench

Division, on Tuesday, July 5, before Mr. Justice
A. L. Smith and Mr. Justice Wills, the case of
Gardenek )'. Maxsbridge was heard. The case canu'
before their lordships some time ago, and judgment
was now delivered. Mr. Justice Smith said that in
the opinion of the Court tlie mere gathering of
Mushrooms was not an offence contemplated by the
Act under which the proceedings were taken. Some
actual damage must be shown to accrue to the real
property, and it was not an offence to destroy uncul-
tivated roots or plants. It could not be supposed
that while the Legislature only punished damage to
cultivated plants with one month's imprisonment
the gathering of ilushrooms would render a person
liable to two months' imprisonment, as he would be
under the Act under which these proceedings were
taken. The Justices were therefore right in refusing
to convict, and the remedy of the ajjplicant was by
a civil action for trespass in the county court, and
not by criminal proceedings. The appeal would
therefore be dismissed, with costs.

The Natural Families of Plants.— We

have already referred on more than one occasion to
the very comprehensive work now issuing in separate
parts by Engelmann, of Leipsig, under the editorship
of Professors Exgler and Peantl. The last part
before us is devoted to the grasses, and is the work
of Professor Hackeli,, of St. Piilten. The structure
and mode of growth of all parts of the ])lant, the
peculiarities of the flower and seed, are given in
detail, as well as notes on the geographical distribu-
tion and classification of the species. The charac-
ters of each genus are given with copious reference
to interesting species, and illustrated by numerous
excellent woodcuts. These latter render the book
useful to those who do not read German ; but in any
case the work is indispensable to botanists. It is
more like a modern edition of Lindley's Vcgctahle
Kingdom than any book we know, but more extended
in scope, and of course up to date in point of
information.

Hybrid Tacsonia.— Mr. Smythe, of Basing
Park Gardens, obligingly sends us flowers of a new
hybrid raised by him out of T. insignis by the pollen
of T. Volxemii. " After many years' trial," says Mr.
Smythe, " I have succeeded in getting a cross from
insignis. The seed ripened on February 17, 1885.
1 had one hundred seeds. All appeared good, and
were sown at once, but I only raised four plants up
— three dropped ott'. I only saved one plant, which
is now in flower. You will see by the enclosed
flower that the- anthers have a narrow petal at the
back of the stamen which gives the flowers a second
row of petals, much smaller. The colour of the flowers
is different to that of either of the parent plants,
and it has leaves of three different shapes." The
foliagi' of the hybrid is like that of T. insignis,
but some of the leaves are tri-parted (as happens
sometimes in T. insignis, though the first specimens
seen had all simple leaves). The bracts are also like
those of insignis. Tlie colour of the flower is dif-

ferent from that of either parent, the sepals have the
slender awn of "Volxemii, rather than the stout,
sickle-shaped process of insignis. The blue threads
of the upper corona are like those of insignis. while
those at the base of the tube are those of Volxemii.
The stamens are deformed and petaloid, and above
the place where they are given off is a succulent
deep blue corona, with laciniate lobes, of which there
are no indications in either parent, and which is
therefore quite abnormal, as are also the petaloid
anthers. The ovary has the shape of that of
Volxemii, and the ovules are normal. Without
I'Utering into further detail, it may be stated that the
flower is intermediate between its parents. Of its
use as a decorative plant and its habit we can of
course say nothing, having only seen a single flower.
One great aim with raisers should be to gain a hardy
variety ; and if only the right species could be
obtained, we should have no doubt that such a result
might be .attained.

The Seed Trade and Sunday Postal

Labour. — We have received the following commu-
nication upon this subject : —

•' Sir, — I shall be obliged by your kindly inserting
the enclosed short letter, addressed by me to the
Tillies, which has not yet appeared.

" Yours obediently, " Martix .1. Suttok.

" Dvson's Wood, Kidmore, near Reading,
" July 1, 1887."

[Cop;,.]

"Dvson's Wood, Kidmore. near Reading.

(To the Editor of the Times.)

" .Sir. — I was surprised to see a paragraph in your

issue of the 18th ult., in which reference is made to

evidence given by me before a Select Committee of

the House of Commons on Sunday Postal Labour.

" Although in the main accurate, I must request
you to allow me to say that when asked as to the
]H-aetice of other seed firms as regards executing
orders on Sundays, I was most careful to state that I
did not know that any single firm worked on Sunday,
although I assented to the proposition of a member of
the committee, that if they did my firm might to
some small extent be a loser. — Your obedient servant,
" Martin J. Suttox.''

The paragraph inserted by us at p. 838 of our last
volume, was sent to us by Jlessrs. Sotton, with an
intimation that the Times' report therein alluded to
was inaccurate. We did not see the original report
in the Tii/irs, but we printed the corrected version
sent to us by Messrs. Suttox, and in which there is
certainly no allusion to the practice, or alleged prac-
tice, of other firms commented on at p. 19.

Contributions to the History of" Wars.''

— This title heads a communication to the Phar-
?tiac£utical J'utrnal. by Professor Flcckigeh. Both
the journal and the author have hitherto appeared
to be of a very pacific nature. Reference to the ]ia]>er
assures us that no change has taken place. Under
the term " wars " are meant certain glands on the pods
of Flemingia rhodocarpa of Southern India. This
and similar substances have been used for centuries
in India as a remedy for tape-worm and for certain
forms of skin disease.

Cape Town Botanic Gardens.— This g.arden

has a Government subvention of £500, increased by
voluntary subscriptions to £554. To make both
ends meet the garden has to carry on a commercial
speculation fatal to the true interests of the estab-
lishment, and one not calculated to ensure the good-
will of the legitimate traders. The Director con-
tinues to afford information on plants likely to be
useful in the colonies for sheep-feeding and other
purposes. The herbarium is in good condition.

■■ On the Tubercular Swellings on the

Roots of Vicia FABA."— An abstract of Professor
Marsu-ill Ward's paper, already referred to, is
given in yature, from which we extract the following
particulars ; —

" The curious tubercle-like swellings on the roots
of Vicia and other Leguminosic, have long been a

July 9, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHFONICLE.

51

puzzle to botanists and agriculturists. They have
even been described as normal structures by some
observers. The general opinion, however, has been
that they are not so. Erikssex and WonoNix at one
time thought they contained bacteria ; Kixo and
others ascribed them to a myxomycete ; }*'rank
and others had also observed certain extremely
minute hyphx in their tissues ; but no one had been
able to discover the connection between the tubercles
and a fungus. By special methods of culture and
observations extending over some time. Professor
M.\RSHALL Ward has discovered that the tubercles
of Vicia Faba contain a fungus of a very definite
kind, and he exhibited preparations, showing the
structure of the tubercles and fungus, and tlie
entrance of the infecting hypha into the root-hairs
of the plant; this infecting hypha passes down tin-
root-hair and across the cortex, and then breaks uj}
into finer hypluv, from the ends of which are
budded extremely minute germ-like bodies, whicli
Woronix mistook for bacteria. They are not
Bacteria, howeve]-, but present more resemblance to
the buds discovered by Brefeld in the Ustilaginea;.
Tlie autlior has succeeded in artificially infecting the
roots of Beans with the fungus, and finds tliat
the minute infecting spores are to be met with in all
kinds of soil, so that it is a matter of some difficulty
to obtain roots which are not attacked by the fungus.
Tliis can be done by burning the soil, and by means
of pure water cultures. The affinities of the tungus
are with the Ustilaginea;. and the case is a, very re-
markable instance of symbiosis."

In some cases, as observed by Mr. "Worthixgtox
Smith, similar swellings may be the result of the
attacks of nematoid worms, as in the too familiar
Cucumber disease.

Botanical Specimens.— We have previously

called attention to the useful prep.arations made by
Mr. BuvsMANN, of Middelburg, Holland, for bota-
nical purposes. His object is specially to provide
specimens showing the particular characteristics
which distinguish allied species one from another, or
which render the plant useful in medicine or the
arts. In addition, Mr, Buvsmann supplies living
plants and seeds of " all the plants of the whole
world," and collectors of special genera or of repre-
sentative plants of dift'ereut countries may apply to
liim to have their wants supplied. Mr. BcvssLiXx's
specimens are calculated to render great service to
botanical students.

English Grass Seeds in France. ^ The

Societe des Agriculteurs de France, whicli sent a
Commission to the Poitiers show to adjudge a num-
ber of special prizes which it had voted, has awarded
a Gold Medal and a money prize of £40 to JI.
Malapert for the excellence of his stud farm
pasturages. In their report the Commission state
that 70 acres of new grass land have been laid down,
and that they now look so well that it would be im-
possible to tell the old from the new. The seeds
used came from the English firm of jAitES Cartes &
Co., in High Holborn. Two interesting and im-
portant facts are associated with this subject, the
fii'st as showing that our French neighbours are not
slow to take advantage of the improvement in the
quality of permanent grass seeds, as well as the
improved system of adapting the grass seeds to the
soil, The second feature being the fact, that the
above award is valuable as a recognition of the
superior quality of pastitres foi'med with grass and
Clover seeds.

Exhibition of the National Rose So-
ciety AT Edinburgh.— The arrangements for
the Exhibition of the National Rose Society,
to be held at Edinburgh in connection with the
Summer Show of the Koyal Caledonian Horticultural
Society, are now in a forward state, and from the
numerous entries made from all parts of the United
Kingdom, the exhibition promises to be most suc-
cessful. The Waverley Market Hall will be crowded
with such a brilliant display of the " Queen of
Flowers " as has never before been seen north of the
Tweed, and the numerous other exhibits, for which
room must be found, will tax its capacious area to
its utmost limits. The splendid display, and the

keen competition for the valuable prizes offered, are
sure to attract hosts of visitors, and especially
rosarians, from all parts of the country. The warm
weather experienced in Scotland last month, and the
copious showers of this week, have given Scott isli
Rose growers a better chance thin usual to competi'
with their neighbours from mora favoured climes, so
that the competition jiromises to be more than
ordinarily close and interesting.

Flowers in Season.— Linum salsoides forms

little Erica-like tufts a few inches high, and at this
season sends forth its delicate wiry flowering stems,
about 6 inches high, bearing in great profusion large
bell-shaped or funnel-shaped pure white blossoms
with dark centres or eyes, A few plants of this
beautiful and rare alpine Flax are flowering most
profusely at the York Nurseries, where Messrs. Back-
KocsF. hope to harvest a crop of seed.

New Public Park, Bilston.— Mr. William

Hall, of Bilston, has generously presented the town
witli 22 acres of ground, within ten minutes' walk of
the Bilston Town Hall, as a Jubilee gift for a public
park. It was decided to offer two prizes of 20 and
10 guineas for the design for laying out the same,
which, owing to the nature of the ground, was a
task of unusual difficulty. The 1st prize has been
awarded to Messrs. W. Barron & Sox, of Elvaston
Nurseries, Borrowash, Derby ; and the 2nd to ilr. W.
MiLXER, Crystal Palace School of Landscape Gar-
dening, Sydenham.

Opening of the Brunswick Park, Wed.

NESBURY. — This park, which has just been com-
pleted at a cost of about £6000, from the designs of
Messrs. Willlim Bahrox & Son, Elvaston Nurseries,
Borrowash, Derby, has just been formally opened by
the Mayor of Wednesbury (Alderman Williams;.
Messrs. Baerox were assisted in their design for
the lodge by Mr. W. H. R-U)F0rd, of Nottingliam.
The park is about 25 acres in extent, and is finely
undulated, a commanding mound, 50 feet in height,
which was formerly a most unsightly pit-hill, has been
very eff'ectively treated. Two lakes have been con-
structed, and a cricket-ground, tennis-lawns, bowling-
greens, band-stands, shelters, &c., provided.

Bisulphide of Carbon.— It is well known that

this substance has proved among the most eflScient
means of combating the Phylloxera. JI. Remillv,
of Versailles, now uses it as a remedy for May-bugs
and mole-crickets, as well as for root fungi. The drug
is used in the form of capsules, which contain each from
5 to 2a grammes of sulphide of carbon. The gradual
dissolution in the soil of the gelatine capsules permits
of the slow escape of the vapour, and the destruction
of the insect without injury to the root— so it is said.
We should like to see the capsules tried in the case
of Cucumbers aft'ected with the root disease.

Rose of Jericho.— The dried and shrivelled
plant of Anastatica, which on being placed in water
swells and resumes its original form, is known to
most people. Jlicroscopical investigation affords
little explanation of this peculiarity, but if a slice
prepared for the microscope be treated with chlor-
iodide of zinc or iodine and sulphuric acid, one side
of the cells (the external) remains uncoloured, while
the inner side becomes blue. This latter, then, is
pure cellulose, while the outer side is lignified.
Hence, says M. Leclekc do Sablon, while the pm-e
cellulose absorbs much water, the other woody por-
tion absorbs comparatively little, and thus a diSer-
ence in the form of the cells, owing to an unequal
amount of swelling, takes place. Of course the efiect
is purely mechanical ; the plant does not come to
life again, except in the imagination of popular
lecturers.

The Darwin IVIedal.— At the annual meeting
of tlie Midland Union of Natural History Societies,
held on Wednesday, July 6, at Malvern, the Darwin
Medal, which is this year set apart for Archxology,
was awarded to Mr. Edwaed W. Babseb, M,A., of

King Edward's High School, Birmingham, for his
paper on " The Monumental Brasses of Warwick-
shire." The adjudicators were the Very Rev. J. J. ^
Stewart Peeowne, D.D., Dean of Peterborough ;
M, H. Bloxham, Esq. ; John Amphlett, Esq. ;
W. II. ncir.xAN, Esq. ; and J. A. Cossixs, Esq, The
adjudicators' report speaks in higli terms of the
value and interest of the paper, and comments upon
the care and ability evidenced in its preparation.
The Darwin Medal was founded in 1880 by the Mid-
land Union of Natural History and other scientific
societies for the purpose of encouraging original
research by members of the societies forming the
Union. The scheme was submitted to Mr. Charles
Darwix, and received his cordi.al approval. With his
permission the prize was named after him. The
subjects for which the Medal is awarded are geology,
archajology, zoology, and botany. It has been pre-
viously gained four times— in 1881, by Mr. Edward
Wilson, F.G.S., for geological research ; in 1882,
by Professor A. M. M.arshall, D.Sc. (of Owen's
College), and Mr. W. P. Marshall, il.I.C.E., for
their investigations into the life-history of the
•• Pennatulida ; " in 1884, by Mr. W. B. Grove, B.A..
for a monogiaph on the " Pilobolidie," and other
botanical papers ; and in 1885, by Mr. W. J. Har-
rison, F.G.S., for geological research. It was not
awarded in ISS.'i or in 1886. The Jledal is a hand-
some one, the dies for which were engraved by Mr.
Joseph JIoore, of Birmingham. On the obverse is
a finely executed bas-relief bust of Charles Dar-
win, and on the other a branch of coral, commemo-
rative of an important research made by the great
naturalist. This is the first time the Jledal has
been awarded to an archaeologist.

Messrs. J. Carter & Co. at the New-
castle Exhibition.— The exhibits of grasses, living
and dried ; of seeds, both agricultural and garden, and
of such roots of the previous year as can be kept to
the present time, occupy an important place in the
above Exhibition. English grown Tobacco, the cul-
tivation of which, as is well known, Messi-s. Carter
& Co. have done so much to foster, is likewise shown
in quantity, comprising the best varieties.

Publications RecEWED.— Awards of the Floral
and Fruit Committees, Royal Horticultural Society,
from February 12, 1884. to Hay 24, 1887 (London :
The Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington).
— All About Indiarubber and Gutta-xxrcha, 2nd
edition (Colombo, Ceylon : A. M. & J. Fergdson,
Ceylon Observer Office ; London : John Haddon &
Co., Bouverie Street). — Annual Report on the Botani-
cal and Afforestation Department, Homy Kong. By
Ch. Ford, F.L.S. (Hong Kong : Noronha & Co.,
Government Printers). — Ceylon Botanic Garden
Administration Reports, lS8(i (Part IV., Miscellaneous).
By Dr. II. Teimsn (Ceylon Botanic Garden). — fttr
I'ublic Expenditure: Speech by Lord Randolph
Chuechill, M.P. (London : G. RonTLEDOE & Sons,
Ludgate Hill). — On the Physiology of Plants, by
Sachs ; and Comparative Morphology and Biology of
the Fungi Myceto:oa and Bacteria, by De Bajiv.
(Oxford : Clarendon Press).— Jfy Microscope, by A
Quekett Club JIan. (London : Ropeb & Dbowlet,
29, Ludgate Hill, E.C.)

Fruits Under Glass.

Vineries. — The work to be done from this date
until the Grapes are cut will be chiefly of a routine
character. The Vines will require being looked over
once or twice a week, and the lateral and sublateral
shoots pinched back, except in the case of Madresfield
Court, which should be allowed to make lateral
growth unchecked, as by so doing, and with a free
circulation of buoyant air when the Grapes com-
mence colouring, the berries of this fine Grape will
be prevented from cracking. Copious supplies of
liquid manure should be given every ten days to all
kinds of Vines swelling their crops, and the interior
of the vineries kept damp by the use of the syringe and
tepid water. Close abont 4 p.m., allowing the tem-

THE G'AnnEXEJiS' CHBONICLE.

[.Tli.y 0, 1887.

perature to run up to 90°, with abundant moisture in
the air of the house.

Later Houses. — A less moist atmosphere witli
freer ventilation should rule in houses as soon
as the berries begin to colour, persevering in
and increasing these conditions until the Grapes
are cut. Water, however, should be distributed
over the surface of the border and pathways
two or three times a day during briglit sunny
weather, so as to ]>reserve the leaves as well as the
Grapes in a healtliy condition. The bunches of
late Grapes should be examined, removing any
small stoneless berries. "Where large bunches of
Gros Guillaume, Trebbiano, and other varieties of
Grapes carrying bunches, are tied out to develope,
they should be looked over once or twice a week
while growing, and, if necessary, have additional ties
put to them, so that the weight of the shoulders may
be duly distributed ; for in the event of any of the
horizontal points of the bunches so tied, inclining
ever so little to the perpendicular from the point of
support, loss of those parts of the bunch would
probably ensue, in consequence of injury to the stalk
at the point of contact with the tie.

Earlj/ Vines which have been cleared of their crops
should be copiously syringed overhead in the morning
and late in the afternoon of bright days, so as to
dislodge any red-spider that may be on the leaves,
as well as to maintain the latter in a fresh state as
long as possible ; they should have abundance of
fresh air admitted to them day and night, in order to
prevent the Vines from starting into growth, and be
kept well supplied with clear water at tlie roots.
H. IK Ward, Longford Caf/lr.

Forestry.

OPERATIONS BENEFICIAL TO

PLANTATIONS.

Many, indeed t!ie majority of persons, are under
the impression that woodland work during the
summer months is quite at a standstill, but that is a
mistake, for what with barking and pi-uuing, de-
scribed in our notes during Slav and .June, and
which are appropriate only to the summer, the work
of the woodman may well be considered as arduous
indeed. Not only must barking and pruning be
attended to in due season, but there are a score of
other necessary opei-ations staring the forester in the
face which, if not attended to at the proper time,
cause loss and the relegation of sucli work to the
next year.

Amongst the woodland operations of the present
month may be mentioned the cutting over of all
unnecessary saplings, the scouring and cleaning of
drains and ditches ; preventing or lessening the
ravages committed by insect pests ; and the cutting
over of rough growing grasses or other vegetation
that may be likely to interfere with the growth of
young trees. But this is not all, for another and
important summer operation, and one that is often
left till later in the season, is the marking of trees
to be felled at the proper season. This kind of work
can be far better done now when the foliage is at
its thickest than at any otiier time.

Cutting of Saplings. — For various reasons this work
can be more advantageously performed at the present
than any other season of tlie year. It consists mainlv
in cutting over, close to the ground, all weak and
straggling shoots whether tliese are chance seedlings
or suckers from standing timber, or old stools, and
which, if left would dejirive their neighbours of light
and nourishment.

In all cases it may not, however, be necessary to
cut over such undergrowtli too close to tlie ground ;
for where, as is usually the case, game-keeping and
forestry go hand in hand, then by all means cut over
the saplings at such a height and in sucli a way that
the thickest possible covert may be insured in future
years. From this it must not, however, be inferred
that saplings of the Sycamore, Ash, and Elm will,
particularly in a young state, artbrd much shelter to
game however they may be cut over, this remark
referring more directly to older stools of the Hazel,
Elder, Lime, and such-like trees which when deprived
of their leading shoots usually send out numbers of side
branches, and so form a dense mass of low underwood.
Always make a clean cut in heading down saplings,
as by so doing the health of the stock operated npon
is not injured to any great extent, and young shoots
are thrown out with more freedom than if a ragged
wound be made.

Scouring of Drains. — This is an operation that is
too often neglected, few persons seeming to take into
consideration what an amount of mischief is caused
by neglecting an annual cleaning of all woodland
drains and ditches. A few of these evils will now be
pointed out. By allowing woodland debris generally,
accumulations of leaves, branches and weeds to take
possession of water channels the passage of the water
is obstructed, and Hooding of the adjacent ground
sometimes takes place, this in its turn causing
a low temperature and the souring of the soil, to
be followed by the death of many kinds of trees.
Again, where the mouths of closed drains are not
looked to frequently, and accumulations of leaves
and twigs removed from the gratings, it too often
happens that, during heavy rains the force of water
presses so heavily on the collected debris, that some
of it is carried into the built drain, where it lodges,
causing both loss of money and time in setting
matters right, all of which might have been avoided
by timely attention. All Bramble.-, Ferns, and
rough grasses should first be cut and cleared from
the margins of the ditches, after which the operator
starts at the mouth or outlet of the drain and works
up stream, removing all accumulations of rubbish as
he proceeds, and throwing it well back from the
ditch. The bottom and sides of the drains should be
left level, any inequalities preventing the free flow of
water. In addition to his shovel, spade, and hook,
the drainer should be supplied with a light drag
to use in removing heavy accumulations. He
should likewise be provided with a piece of plank
about 3 feet in length on which to stand at the
bottom of the drain whilst throwing out the mud
and rotten leaves, thus preventing the deep impres-
.sions left by footmarks on the soft bottom of the
drain. All cleanings from woodland ditches should
be spread thinly and evenly over the surrounding
ground, where it will act as a manure. AVhere iron
gratings are not used at the mouths of closed drains
a few stout stakes driven in a line across stream, and
at say 2 inches apart, will serve the same purpose
A. D. Webster.

Plants and Their Culture.

EUCHARIS AND PANCEATR'M.

In our notes of March 19 last, was described tlie
mode of potting we adopted with some Eucharis that
were unsatisfactory through the bulbs being potted too
deeply. The plants have been kept in a brisk stove
temperature, and well up to the glass, being slightly
shaded and syringed daily, but sparingly watered un-
til root progress was apparent. The improvement in
their condition is manifest by the strength, colour,
and plentiful formation of foliage, as well as the
quantity of surface roots seen. Healthy plants that
have not been repotted this season will need copious
supplies of water while making their growth, and will
be greatly assisted by periodical waterings with
liquid manure : by stinting the supply of water after
the growth is completed the plants may be caused to
blossom profusely without subjecting them to a lower
temperature, as is sometimes practised. Our plants
of Pancratium fragrans and P. ovatum liave received
cultural treatment similar to that given to the
Eucharis, and are now pushing numerous flower-
spikes. These strong growing bulbs are also bene-
fited by doses of liquid manure during the summer
months ; and the beauty of their blossoms will be
jirolonged if, when they unfold, the plants are moved
to a cooler and dryer situation than that of the stove.
Young plants of either of these subjects that require
repotting should be shifted early enough for their
roots to take possession of the soil before winter,

Caladiuins. — In order to keep late started plants in
good condition until late in the season, they must be
afforded timely shifts and frequent waterings with
liquid manure, and be kept in a light position, with
plenty of space to develope, and be lightly shaded.
C. minus erubescens is a valuable variety for decora-
tive purposes ; its dwarf habit and small foliage —
crimson edged with green — makes it a charming
companion for C. argyrites.

Cgciamtn. — The plants that have been kept in cool
pits since flowering last spring, and have not suffered
from want of moisture will now be moving, and the
tubers should be shaken out of their pots and shifted
into pots one size larger ; ample drainage should be
provided, and the compost— sweet loam mixed with a
fair quantity of leaf soil and sand— should be ])ressed
tolerably linn. Young plants that were raised from

seed last snmmer and have been kept growing,
should also be in a fit condition to be moved into
their flowering pots, which may be a inches in
diameter. After potting replace the plants near to
the glass upon a bed of ashes, in a rather close, cool
frame. Keep them moist at the roots, shaded, and
syringe overhead, when the lights are closed for
the day, well moistening the ashes and sides of the
box at the same time, affording a more free ventila-
tion after the roots have taken well to the fresh soil.
Seeds may be sown any time during the present or
ensuing month in well-drained pans filled with fine
moderately light soil, embedding them lightly. The
pans may be placed in a warm frame or pit, and the
soil kept moist and shaded. The varieties of C.
giganteum, which can now be procured in fine form
and distinct colours, are more effective than the ordi-
nary type. Thomas Conmber, lietiilre. Mnnmout/is/iire.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS.

Where fresh plantations are to be planted in early
autumn the runners should now be inserted into GO's,
wliich should be crocked and filled to within an inch
of the rim with fine loam, and placed in every
alternate row in the beds, so as not to hinder the
gathering of the fruit ; the strongest of the runners
being layered one into each pot, securing them by
peg or a piece of stone, cutting the runners off
beyond the one selected. With attention in water-
ing daily the runners will soon form strong plants,
filling the pots with roots. As soon as sufficiently
strong enough they should be severed from the old
plants and taken to some open space, and duly
attended to in watering till the ground intended for
their occupation is ready, when tliey should be imme-
diately planted. This is a far more satisfactory way
than taking the runners in a hap-hazard fashion from
the old plants when required for planting out without
any ]>revious preparation. Strawberry fruits now
need to be gathered daily. Remove the nets also
occasionally to pull up weeds and cut off useless
runners. Heavy waterings will be required during
the dry weather to lengthen out the supply of fruit.
IJeds of late varieties will soon require to have the
nets placed over thera. E. Ward. Hctvell Grunge,
Bvomsyrovv.

Trees and Shrubs- -

OLEARIA TRAVERSII.

We owe to the kindness of the Rev. T. Barty the
opportunity of seeing a flowering specimen of this
shrub grown near Stranraer. It is a native of the
Chatham Islands, where it foi-ms a low tree. The
branches and under-surface of the leaves are covered
with fine white silky down. The leaves are leathery,
oblong-lanceolate, sharply pointed, usually entire,
but in some cases have a minutely serrulate edge.
The flower-heads are about a quarter of an inch long,
cream-coloured, very numerous, and borne on short
much branched axillary panicles. Mr. Lindsay, of
the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, informs us
that it is the first time the shrub has bloomed in this
country. According to Mr. Travers it forms the
chief wood of the country, where it is called Ake
Ake. The shrub was originally described by Baron
von Mueller, and aftenvards by Sir J. D. Hooker, in
the Handhonic of the Xeui Zealand Flora.

The Seevice Tree.
There is a fine specimen of Pyrus Sorbus in the
Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick.
As an ornamental tree its large green buds strongly
recommend it in winter, as do its lobed leaves at
the present time, and in the autumn it possesses a
further interest and beauty by its large and numerous
tlusters of rich brown fruit.

A Fine AvENfE of Limes.
IVrhapsat no place within such easy distance of the
great city is there to be found such a grand avenue of
Limes as that at Chiswick, in \vhat is known as the
Duke's Avenue — a public thoroughfare, and the a))-
proacli to the Marquis of Bute's residence, Chiswick

July 0, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' \dHRONICLE.

53

. ^,

years ago by Mr. \V. Thompson, lof Ipswich, who
introduces many a choice plant, •which does not find
its way into general cultivation as quickly as it ouglit
to do.

Giant Poppies. — The best and largest and stoutest
form of tliese is the old blood-red flower, first intro-
duced forty years ago as Papaver bracteatum. It is
comparatively scarce in gardens, and often does not
come true from seed, because there are so many dif-
ferent colours in the same flower generally within

House — itself so rich and varied in tree growtli. The
avenue is about GOO yards in length, pleasantly wind-
ing, so that it appears to be of gi'eatei' length than it
reallv is. B.

STRAY NOTES ON HARDY

TLAXTS.

With some hesitation I send notes of a few less

common hardy plants lately or now in flower in my

Mr^ -'kO

Vj^k^^b^ %,Stiji^'3l^ ^ S AD ,IAT

i'lG. 13. — PEACH CUEL. (SEE '■ ASSWEES TO COEHESPONDENTS," P. 57.)

, healthy portion ; B. distorted portion of a leaf : c, section of healthy leaf, magnified ; n. section of unhealthy leaf,
ivith fungus at E ; at F is sliown the fimgus still more highly magnilied.

garden in Cheshire. 1 ofti^n think the contents of
my flower-beds are already fully recorded, as I
seldom now meet with anything new amongst hardy
plants ; but when from time to time plants which
have been growing here for several years receive
certificates as novelties [or as meritorious subjects.
Ed.] from the Eoyal Horticultural Floral Com-
mittee, I feel as if I had neglected a gardener's
duty in not having sooner made them known.
"We have an example of this in Hemerocallis Mid-
dendorfiana, which received a First-class Certifi-
cate lately. This plant was distributed about ten

reach of It, but it is best to increase it from side
shoots or pieces of root. It should be known that
the colour has nothing to do with difference of
species. The late E. Boissier, who studied P.
orientale and P. bracteatum in their own homes,
tells us that the presence or absence of bracts below
the fiower is the only distinction. Bracts are very
infectious ; in fact, it is many years since I have seen
a giant Poppy without bracts in a garden. There
are different colours, from light orange to deep red ;
thei-e are weak and strong forms, and so on, but
with very rare and isolated exceptions they all belong

to bracteatum. or are more probably garden
mongrels.

Alpine Piiih. — Of these I have several good and
dwarf early flowering forms. Some of them produce
no seed iit all, being probably hybrids ; others bear
seed, and the seedlings depart from the type of the
parent. Most gardeners think they know Dianthus
alpinus. D. neglectus and D. glacialis, and yet the
plants sold by these names vary under each name
greatly, the second and third being very difficult to
get true. The earliest and best of all I have seen is
sold by Messrs. Backhouse for D. glacialis ; but it is
really a barren hybrid, nearer to D. alpinus than to
D. glacialis, but probably between the two. All
througli Jlay it is smothered with large flowers
having stalks about 2 inches high, and is easy to
keep but not easy to increase. The three kinds
named above are the three best of their class, and if
not alwtiys true to the type are often improvements
on it : any seeds ripened by them should be sown as
soon as ripe.

Androsaces have been unusually good this spring.
A. camea, A. lactea, A. vitaliana, A. Laggeri, A.
villosa. both the Pyrenean form from Gavarnie, with
white flowers and a pink eye, and the comparatively
giant, shaggy form from the Himalayas, which we
are told is the same species — all these have lived
out sheltered on rockeries by projecting stones above
them, and have flowered well. A. lanuginosa looks
healthy, but is only just coming into flower. The
best of all has been A. sarmentosa. which seems to
have grown out of its habit of dying of damp in
winter. In one recess I have a plant covering per-
haps 2 square feet on which, for two springs I have
had about -00 trusses of flowers. This, too, is under
tlie ledge of a projecting stone, an invaluable help
in growing most of this genus. C. Wolhij I)oil, Eihje
Hall, Malpas, June 21.

(7b bt continued.)

Home Correspondence.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— I have 110
wish to enter into this maze — for once in, the getting
out is hopeless — but I do wish to call attention to a
plain fact sugfrested by the National Kose Society's
exhibition, to-day. This exhibition draws together a
larger number of horticulturists from various parts of
tiie kingdom than any other held at South Kensing-
ton during the year, and one might have expected
that some little courtesy and deference would have
been shown to it — but neither tlie President nor any
member of the Council was present to show that they
cared one straw ior tlie Society (Mr. Boscawen in-
deed was there, but it was by special request of the
committee to act as judge J, and some may have come
in the afternoon, when their presence could not in
any way be considered of any advantage to the
Society. It must be remembered that the National
Rose Society deliberately cast in their lot with the
Royal Horticultural Society, taking less advanta-
geous terms than they were offered elsewhere, be-
cause it was considered to be the centre to which all
such societies should converge. I fear this is not an
isolated instance of that insouciance and semi-aristo-
cratism which have had no small share in bringing
about the present state of things. Indignans. [We
certainly saw one other member of the Council pre-
sent in the morning besides the Superintendent and
Assistant-Secretary, but it was a pity that the occa-
sion was not turned to better account. Ed.]

The work carried on at Chiswick has fi'e-

quently been spoken of, and can only be spoken of in
accents of praise. I may be allowed to say tliat on the
occasion of a recent visit all seemed to be in perfect
order. The vegetable trials are most valuable and
most interesting. Amongst the other novelties Dean's
Cauliflower (Snowball ?) attracted my special atten-
tion. I never saw such a picture ; its dwarfness, its
purity of strain are admirable. How was it that no
certificate was awarded it? C.N.

CODONOPSIS OVATA. — I do not know whether
the movements of Codonopsis ovata have been
noticed in the Gardeners' Chronicle, but they seem
to be a singularly interesting instance of adaptation
to insect fertilisation. In the unopened flowers the
stampns arp upright, closely surrounding the pistil;

54

TBE GAB DENE RS' CHRONICLE.

ticLT 9, 1887.

in the fuU-bloHii flower the pollen is seen adhering
to the outer side of the stigma in masses, exactly as
if still attached to the anther cases, but on closer
observation the stamens are seen to have become
entirely detached from the pollen, and to have fallen
back on the bell-shaped corolla. Xext, as the flower
grows older tiie three-lobed stigma opens, and each
lobe rolls back, entirely covei'ing the pollen, so that
without pulling the flower to ])ieces not a trace of it
is to be seen. At the yellow and black base of the
bluish-grey corolla there seems to be a good deal of
honey, as disagreeable in taste as the whole plant' is
in smell. This yellow and black colouring probably
attracts insects at once to the right spot for honey,
and in reaching it tliey must easily disturb the
reflexed stigmatic lobe and carry the pollen of an
older blossom to the stigma of a younger one. I
send flowers in different stages of growth. We grow
it here in very damp peat. C M. 0. [Cursory exa-
mination of the specimens sent enables us to confirm
tile accuracy of this very curious observation. In
olden times the deposit of so much pollen actually
on the stigma would have been accepted as proof
positive of what is now called self-fertilisation, but,
as our correspondent's observations show, the infe-
rence would have been an erroneous one. Kd.]

PHYTEUMA COMOSUM.— I enclose a photograph
of a bit of limestone rocker,- in my garden, showing
tile best grown clump of Phyteuma comosum in
flower which I hav^ seen in cultivation ; indeed, the
flower surpassed even in size, and equalled or nearly
equalled in colour, any I have seen in the southern
Alps. They were planted at the time the rookery
was constnicted in the only way in which the posi-
tion of their natural growth can be imitated, that is.
with the roots growing horizontally, or only slightly
downwards in a narrow flssure. The roots were laid
flat on the top of the stone, covered with old raoi'tar,
or " lime-rubbish," and another stone placed abovi>
them, the crown of the plant being left at the edge.
as in Nature, so as to seem growing in the face of an
almost perpendicular rock. The plants in flower
presented a spectacle of singular lieauty. E. H. [The
photograph shows a beautiful patch of this curious
plant quite at home. We should have gladly repre-
sented the illustration, but on a smaller scale it is
almost exactiv like the page plate given at p. 81. .Tulv
17, 1886. Ed.]

CHAM/EROPS FORTUNEI FLOWERING.— A fine
specimen of this Palm has been in various stages of
flower throughout the wliole month of June in the
rock garden at Bayfordbury. It proves to be a male
plant, and has produced four strong flower-stems
divided into several beautiful golden heads of
blossom, and about 2 feet in length. These were
suddenly pushed up from the upjier ])art of the stem
after the cold weatlier ceased in tlie end of May, and
this apparently exhaustive effort does not seem to
have affected in any degree its usual vigour of growth,
which I rather feared might have been the case.
This tree was planted in its present position in 188(1.
and has been slightly ])rotected each year, chiefly
with a view of keejiing the leading shoots drv
in winter, but always open to the air and frost
at the sides, so that it may be fairly considered
to be hardy in this part of England, never-
theless, it might be desirable in some situations
to protect the top by tying the upper fronds together
to form a sort of pent roof, as before mentioned.
The flowering of this Palm has not been unfrequent,
I believe, in some of the southern counties, and 1
should be glad to know what instances there may
have been of its doing so in the vicinitv of or north
of London, li'. /f. Baker. [It flowers at Kew. Ed.]

HARDINESS OF A GREENHOUSE BEGONIA.— Last
autumn a numljer of window plants in pots were
placed by me, as no good and dying, or dead, in an
exposed ])lace in my garden. Amongst these a
Begonia in the style of Hex has survived the late
long and trying winter, and is now growing very
well, after being also badly neglected during the late
hot and dry weather. Of several plants of Euonymus
Puropa!US placed as no good in company witli the
Uegonia, one was killed by the frost. W. G. S.

THE FRUIT CROPS.— The variations of tempera-
ture, whicli at all times mark our summer seasons,
have so far been specially noticeable this year. A
considerable spell of unusual heat for the month of
June, which was of a truly forcing character, being
followed by cold nights. aiul even Midsummer Day
itself was a dull leailen morning, with easterly wind
so cold that March might ha\e well envied .lii'ne the

visitation. The heat told with good eflFect generally
in forcing the Wheat into bloom, in developing
healthy growth in the Hops, in accelerating the lag-
gard growth of Potatos and vegetables generally, and
not least in setting and swelling the hardy fruit. But
the same heat seems to have been severely thinning of
the latter crop, as is now plainly evidenced, for many
Apple trees, literally masses of bloom, now show-
fruit sparsely set. Others, and especially the early
sorts, are more abundantly fruited, but many trees
are barren. Pears are generally plentiful without
being at all dense. Plums on ordinary prolific kinds
abundant so far, but on Green Uages and choicer
sorts thin. Cherries are pretty plentiful, especially
on Morellos. Gooseberries a moderate crop but
of finer fruit. Red Currants abundant. Black
t'urrants very thin indeed. Kaspberries full of
bloom, whilst Strawberries, promising a heavy
crop, are now wanting rain, the long spell of
heat having tested these comparatively shallow
rooting ]>Iants severely. Watering may make
amends in small gardens, but acres cannot be so
treated, hence the cloudy skies with promise of rain
is welcome for these fruits. A really good washing
rainfall of some twelve hours duration would just
now be most advantageous, for insects have bred
rapidly under the drying influences of east winds
and parching sunshine ; and as drought is reaching
the roots of the trees also a check to the swelling of
tile fruit is feared, unless the moisture comes soon ;
even slight falls of rain in purifying the air, soften-
ing the foliage, and cleaning the trees are most
valuable. Just now Cherries and Plums are stoning,
and at such a time soft rains are very valuable,
(ienerally there seems to be good promise of most
kinds of fruit, w-ith the particular exception of Black
Currants, which have rarely been thinner than this
year. A few weeks will tell the tale accurately, but
it seems absolutely certain that there will be quite
as much fruit as can be profitably disposed of, and
more seems to be of advantage to no one. The
earlier gatherings of Peas, though rather later than
usual, have been very good, the pods filling well.
All later Peas look remarkably ivell, and one
more good rainfall w-ould serve to establish them
thoroughly. Potatos came veiy late and exceedingly
irregular, but have improved greatly during tin- p;i>t
two weeks, although the later planted are yet unready
for earthing, so protracted, as a rule, has bc.n tlie
growth. Other vegetables, though late, are looking
very well, and throughout market gardens winter
plants are abundant, and waiting rain to enable them
to be ]>l.'inted out in vast quantities for winter crops.
A. II.

DOUBLE-FLOWERED LILIUM BULBIFERUM.— Last
year I promised to let you know how my double
Lilium bulbiferum behaved this year. Wei], it has
borne a large umbel of single flowers. There is no
mistake about it. as the bulb was carefullv marked.
Upon another plant, however, amongst a number of
single fiowers was one semi-double one with two
pistils. This, I think, explains the double floiver
of last year. It w-as the amalgamation of two
flowers, though, if I recollect, it contained only one
pistil. Janics Sjioir Wltall.

IVY GROWING UPON AND UNDER TREES.— In-
quiries are frequently made concerning Ivy under
both of the above conditions, and first, as to whether
its growth upon the tree itself is in any way inju-
rious. From my own experience I should not con-
sider it to be so when the tree on which it grows has
quite or nearly arrived at a mature age, and in
positions where ornament and picturesque effect is
an object ; old trees covered with Ivy have always a
very beautiful appearance. Next, with regard to the
fear of injurious results caused by the Ivy. It must
be taken into consideration that Ivy, unlike many
other climbing pl.-ints, only clings to the surface of
the rough bark by tiny roots, which can derive no
nonrislinieut from the tree, but only from the ground
below, whereas the tree itself seeks its nutriment
from the same source, but far beyond and below- any
jiart ever reached by the Ivy ; but in the case of
many other plants which take possession of trees
and shrubs, by turning round their stems and
branches, considerable injury must always be ex-
pected simply from strangulation. \\i corrobo-
ration of the statement that trees are not
necessarily injured by Ivy even in excess, I mav
mention that in the shrubberies at Bayfordbuiy
there are many Irecs of great age u|)on which Ivy
has long been sufl'ered to grow, but all are in pi-rfect
health, although thickly clothed to more than half
their height with a luxuriant mantle of Ivy. These

are principally coniferous, and one of them — a Silver
Fir of 120 feet in height, another a fine Scotch Pine
81 feet in height, and 11 feet 6 inches in girth of
stem exclusive of Ivy. two large stems of which girth
each 2 feet 6 inches. This tree has healthy dark
green foliage rising 25 feet above, and contrasting
finely with the light green mass of Ivy which clothes
the greater portion of the stem below with a
diameter of foliage amounting to 24 feet. With
respect to the growth of Ivy on younger trees, or on
fine old specimens such as our Cedars of Lebanon,
it should be studiously avoided, but used as a carpet
lielow- nothing can be more desirable and beautiful.
It grows spontaneously under most of the Cedars
and Yew trees, and is occasionally mown to keep it
close, but the greatest care is taken to prevent it
f'l'oni creeping up any stems of trees where it is not
specially desired, or has already obtained an ancient
claim for protection. W. R. Baker.

HOYA IMPERIAUS.— In your issue of June 25,
p. 8o8, you mention Hoya imperialis flowering at
Gunnersbury as a rare thing. I have had a plant of
it in my stove-roof for the last ten years, and it has
flowered freely every year with only ordinary treat-
ment, and is now showing well for flower. It carries
from six to ten flowers on one truss, about 1.^ inch
in diameter, thick fleshy red flowers, and, as in
other Hoyas, flowers over and over again, in the
same stalk. Philip Cmvhij, Croyrloii.

Societies.

THE NATIONAL ROSE

Tuesday. Jcly ."i. — The meeting of the above im-
portant Society took place in the conservatory at
South Kensington, under the best possible conditions,
the weather being cool as compared with the tropical
heat of the preceding days, and ample space being
found in the building and the adjoining con-idors
for unimpeded locomotion. As might be exjiected,
the flowers — which, by the way, were almost as
numerous as in previous years — showed how inimical
In tliem had been the cold untoward spring weather,
and the drought which had reigned during the month
of.lune. The blooms were smaller than usual in all
types, and the petals thinner, the H.P.'s show-ing
these shortcomings more markedly than the Teas
and hybrid Teas. One good ett'ect of the drought
and heat w-as observed on Hose Her Majesty, which
had thereby become reduced to quite reasonable
proportions — a hint to adopt a starvation nyime
w-itli this Kose in the future, at least just previous to
flowering. Of all the Roses seen, we think the
palm for all-round superiority this year must le
awarded to Ulrich Brunner. We do not remember
ever having seen such poor examples of Mnn'ihal
Niel. The attendance was very good during the
latter part of the afternoon.

Xitrseri/mcii.. — In the leading class for seventy-two,
single trusses, Messrs. Harkness & Sons, Bedale,
'i'orks, carried oft' the highest award in a competition
of five. Their stand was made up of good clean and
bright blooms, but rather small ; however, there were
no poor ones shown in it— Comtesse de Nadaillac,
Madame de Watteville. Madame Willermoz, Souvenir
d'un Ami, and Sultan of Zanzibar, were particularlv
noticeable, and other good blooms were Mons. E. Y.
Teas, Ulrich Brunner, Dr. Sewell, Antoine Ducher,
Jean Ducher, Etienne Levet. Duke of Edinburgh,
La France, and Lady Mary Fitzwilliam. JIi-. B. J.
Cant, Colchester, came in as a close 2nd, having a
neat lot of blooms — Madame Prosper Imngier,
General Jacqueminot, Her Majesty, Ulrich Brunner,
Madame G. Luizet, Comtesse de Nadaillac, M.arquise
de Castellane, Madame Ducher, and Harrison Weir,
being well shown in this lot. The 3rd place was
occupied by Mr. F. Cant, Colchester, who made a
fixir show with a good selection — Etienne Levet and
Madame de Watteville were the finest blooms.

Mr. B. R. Cant came to the front place for forty-
eight varieties in threes, and exhibited a stand 'in
which all the blooms were good, the most noticeable
being Madame de Watteville, Fran(;ois Michelon,
Marechal Niil, Modamr Prosper Langicr, Dr. Andry,
Her Miijestv. I IimIi nnniner, Madame G. Luizet,
He was follouid l.v M,>m^, Paul & Son, who included
good siimples of A. K. Willinnis, IlerMaiesty, Ulrich
Brunner, Marcicha) Kill, Fn ■--■■■ '-

de Castellane. Madaim
Carriere. Victor '\''erdiii
the on] ]pri/.e falling

Michelon, Marquise
Boildeau, Abel
e de Xadaillac ;
Jlr. C. Turner, Roval

id f

,tri.v 0, 18ST

THE GASDENEnS'\ (BHlROh^tCLE.

55

Nurseries. Slough, the blooms being sadly hurt by
the heat, but Caraille BeruarJin, Madame M.
Verdier. and Etienne Levet were well shown.

Tlie best forty-eight in single trusses were from
Jlessrs. J. Burrell & Co., How House Nurseries.
Cambridge, a very briglit lot of blooms, fully deserving
the award: Ulrich Brunuer, Hippolite Jamain,
Madame Gabriel Luizet, JIarie Baumann, Etienne
Levet, Madame Cusin. and Pier Majesty, were
among the best shown, -nd. Messrs. Curtis, t^and-
ford & Co.. Tor([uay, who showed a ci'editable col-
lection, and included good blooms of ^Madame
Gabriel Luizet, Prince Arthur, Alfred Dumesnil,
Duke of Teck, Duke of Wellington, David Pradel ;
yrd place was accorded to Messis. John Cranston &
Co., King's Acre, Hereford, for a collection of some
large blooms — iladarae Marie Rady, Reynolds Hole,
Mens. Allred Dumesnil. A. K. Williams, and Her
Majesty, were good specimens.

^Ir. H. Merryweather. Southwell, contributed the
best twenty-four distinct single trusses, having some
capital blooms, one, Ulrich Brunner, receiving the
Silver Medal as the best H.P. Rose in the nurserymen's
classes ; other good blooms were Pride of Reigate,
Madame Prosper Langier. Ni]>hetos, Countess of Rose-
bery, Madame G. Luizet, Charles Lefebvre, La France,
JIdlle. Marie Kady — a first-rate lot ; 2nd, J. Mattock,
Xew Headington Nursery, Oxford, who also showed
well — Ulrich Brunner, Dr. Hogg, Ciueen of Queens.
Duke of Wellington, and Magna Charta being
his finest examples. Messrs. J. Jeffries had the
best twenty-four in threes, leading well with
good blooms of Niphetos, Etienne Levet, Madame
Marie Verdier, L'lrich Brunner, Merveille de Lyon,
Madame G. Luizet, Rosieriste Jacobs, Cannes, La
Coquette, and Mr.s. Charles Wood ; a good 2nd to
him was made by Messrs. Cranston & Co.. King's
Acre Nurseries, Hereford, with a good lot ; blooms
of Marquise de Castellane, Alphonse Soupert.
Baroness Rothschild, "Victor Verdier, Mdlle Jlarie
Rady. Countess of O.xford, and Annie Laxton being
of particular merit. 3rd, Messrs. Cooling & Sons.
Bath, sliowing good blooms but rather small.

Tea and Noisette, Niikseeyjiex.

In the Tea and Noisette division there was a large
display of blooms, and in many cases the exhibits
were of first-rate quality. In the largest class — that
for twenty-four Tea or Noisette blooms, single
trusses — there was a capital show. Mr. G. Prince,
Market Street, Oxford, and Mr. B. R. Cant, both
showing very w'ell, and receiving equal 1st. Mr.
Prince's blooms of Comtesse de Xadaillac, Innocent a
Pirola (large), and Princess of Wales, were vei-y
fine ; and other good ones were Anna Olivier, Mare-
chal Niel. La Boule d'Or. Jean Ducher. Niphetos,
and Madame A. Jacquier.

In Mr. B. R. Cant's stand the most noteworthy
samjiles were iladame de Watteville, Jules Finger.
Marechal Niel, Claudin Levet, Comtesse de Nadail-
lac, Catherine Merraet, and Madame Caroline Knster.
No 2nd was granted in this class, and the 3rd prize was
awarded to the collection from Mr. F. Cant —
Niphetos. Madame de W^atteville, ]\ladame Cusin.
and Grace Darlmg, were his best.

The following class was for eighteen Teas or Nois-
ettes, single trusses, and these were best shown by
Messrs. J. Burrell & Co.. Madame Cusin being ver}-
richly coloured : also noticeable were Souvenir de
Madame Pernet, Madame de Watteville, and Com-
tesse de Nadaillac. Messrs. Harkness & Sons came
in a capital 2nd, showing very creditable blooms of
Catherine Mermet. Madame de Watteville, and
Madame Cusin. Then came a class for twelve single
trusses of any Tea or Noisette (Marechal Niel ex-
cepted), and here the 1st fell to Mr, F. Cant for
very fine blooms of Souvenir d'Elise, large and strong,
and of a good colour ; Mr. G. Prince taking 2nd
with splendid flowers of Comtesse de Nadaillac. also
verj- heavily coloured ; 3rd, Jlessrs. Paul & Son, with
large clear Niphetos. Mr. B. R. Cant, showing good
Catherine Mermet. received the 4th prize. This
was a good class and the competition, which
was large, ran close throughout. This last ex-
hibitor took the lead in the class for eighteen
Teas or Noisettes in threes, Souvenir d'un Ami,
Catherine Mermet, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Ma-
dame Cusin, Devonieusis. Madame de Watteville
being meritorious examples. A good 2nd was made
by Mr. F. Cant, showing similar good blooms ; 3rd,
Mr. G. Prince, with a nice lot of flowers, and had in
his boxes Comtesse de Nadaillac, a grand specimen,
for which he received the Silver Medal for the best
Tea or Noisette in the nurserymen's division.

A>im/ciirs. — A capital disiday was made in tliis

section of the show, and in tte leading class for
forty-eight blooms the coUectiOQ of W. J. Grant.
Esq., Hope End Farm, Ledbury,' Hereford, received
the premier award, for a fine lot of large blooms,
brilliant in colour. Those best shown were A. K.
Williams, Star of Waltham, Madame Crapelet,
Madame G. Luizet, JIadame Eugene Vei'dier,
Marquise de Castellaue, Ulricli Brunner. and Her
Majesty. A close 2nd was ia\.de by the Rev. .1.
H. Pemberton Havering, Komfi^rd, who had in his
stall a good Ulrich Brunner (^ to .which tlie Medal for
best H.P. in the amateur's division was giv(n),
Francois Michelon, JIadamoisellfe E. Verdier, Annie
Laxton, Henri Ledechaux. Beauty of Waltham, and
Baroness Rothschild, were also capital blooms ; 3rd
going to T. B. Hall, Es(|.. Larcll Wood, Rock Ferry,
having brilliant blooms.

In the class for twenty-four inthrees, 'W. J. Grant,
Esq.. was again to the front, shoeing as in the previous
class. A good 2nd was made by T. W. Girdlestone,
Esq., Sunningdale. Bucks, whose Ulrick Brunner.
Madame G. Luizet, Frant^oisi Michelon, Camille
Bernardin, Marechal Niel, and Miss Edith Gift'ard,
were particularly noticeable. The 3rd place was
accorded to Mr." S. P. Budd, 8, Gay Street, Bath. E.
B. Lindsell, Esq., Bearton, Hitdiin, staged a capital
lot in the class for thirty-six Jingles, and took 1st,
receiving also the Silver "Jledal for the best Tea or
Noisette, taking it with a magnificent fiower of
Comtesse de Nadaillac. shown in this lot, while
others of merit were Ulrich Brunner, Gabriel Luizet,
Marechal Niel, Beauty of Waltham, Dr. Sewell,
Alphonse Soupert. A fair 2nd was Mrs. Waterlow.
Great Doods, Reigate (gr.. Mr. Brown), who had
Ulrich Brunner as her best. 3rd,'W. H.Wakeley. Esq.,
Lacklands, Rainham, who had a fair lot of blooms.
For twenty-four singles Mr. C. J. Day. Rowton.
Chester, received 1st honours with a neat lot of
strong, brilliant flowered specimens — Louis van
Houtte. Merveille de Lyon. Dr, Sewell. and Marie
Kady were his finest ; 2nd, G. Christy, Esq..
Buckland Lodge. Westerham. with good blooms of
La France and Mrs. Baker ; 3rd, Mr. R. Gray, gr. to
Earl Stanhope, Chevening. Sevenoaks. who showed
nice blooms of Madame G. Lnizet and Marie Rady.
The best twelve in threes were from W. H. Wakely,
Esq., who had good JIadame G. Luizet. Mons.
Noman, and Baroness Rothschild — a good lot on the
whole : a very close 2nd was E. B. Lindsell. Esq.,
showing fine Marechal Niel. Baroness Rothschild,
and Ulrich Brunner.

The exhibitors in the next four competitions were
not permitted to compete in the six previous classes.
For eighteen distinct, single trusses, the 1st prize
fell to the Rev. L. Garnett, Christleton, Chester, the
best flowers in the box being Louis van Houtte,
La France (a flower not frequently observed in other
lots), Marie Cointet, and Abel Carriere ; 2nd, E.
Mawley, Esq., Rosebank. Berkhamstead.with Countess
of Oxford, Marguerite de St. Amand, Dupuy Jamain.
Ulrich Brunner, and JIadame G. Luizet. Miss Baker,
Holmfels, Reigate, was 3rd. some of her blooms being
of excellent quality, as Ulrich Brunner, JIadame G.
Luizet and Helen Paul. There were nine lots shown.

The best for the twelve distinct single trusses was
Rev. A. Cheales, Brockham Vicarage, Surrey, his
best examples being C. Lefebvre, Captain Christy,
Lady JIary Fitzwilliam. Countess of Rosebery,
JIarie Baumann, and Etienne Levet. Jlr. H.
Wallis, Brentwood, followed — Jean Liabaud. Jules
Finger, JIarie Cointet, and A. K. Williams : this was
one of the freshest stands. Jlr. H. Shoesmith, gr.,
Saltwood Rectory, Hythe. took the 3rd prize — best
— Her JIajestyand Duchesse de Vallombrosa. There
were eight competitors.

J. Bateman, Esq., 72. Twisden Road. Highgate
Road, was the winner in the class for nine distinct
trusses — U. Brunner, Lady M. Fitzwilliam, Camille
Bernardin. Francois Jlichelou, JIadame G. Leizet,
and Baroness Rothschild. T. T. Burnaby Atkins,
Esq., Ilalstead Place. Sevenoaks, was the 1st prize-
taker in tlie class for six single trusses — Ulrich
Brunner, JIarie Baumann. and Baroness Rothschild
being the choicest examples.

Extra Classes. — For six distinct single trusses,
open only to amateurs who have never won a prize
at an exhibition of the Society, the 1st prize was
taken by 0. G. Orpen, Esq., Hillside, Colchester,
with small flowers, the Isest of which were JIadame
Cusin and Princess of Wales ; W. D. Freshfield, Esq.,
Parkside, Reigate, took the 2nd prize. ,T. Bateman,
Esq., took the premier prize for six distinct Roses,
gi'own within eight miles of Charing Cross ; Ulrich
Brunner, Etienne Levet, aud Duchess of Vallombrosa
were best. Mr. Northover, Haslemere, Wimbledon,
was 2nd.

Six new Roses, distinct, single trusses — sorts for
the first time in an English nurseryman's list in the
spring of 1884. — Jlr. H. Shoesmith took the 1st prize,
with Her Majesty, Benoit Comte, fine in colour but
of a small size ; Clara Cochet, a Rose not full enough
in the centre : Dr. Dor. a small crimson flower ;
and JIadame Watteville. 2nd, J. Bateman, Esq. : in
his box were Geo. Dickson, a beautiful bright rose-
coloured flower ; JIadame Willenstein, a dark
crimson ; and Her JIajesty being the three best.

Six single trusses of any H.P. — J. G. Fowler, Esq.,
Glebelands, Woodford, Essex, was 1st, witii Ulrich
Brunner ; 2nd. W. J. Grant with the same kind ;
3rd, T. B. Hall, Esq., Larchwood, Rock Ferry, with
La France.

A-MATEUKS.

Tea and, Noisette diviaioti. — Eighteen Teas and
Noisettes, distinct, single trusses. — 1st, Rev. F. P.
Roberts, Scole Rectory, Norfolk, with flowers mostly
of good quality, the choicest being .Souvenir d'Elise.
Caroline Knster, Innocenta Pirola, and Alba rosea ;
E. JI. Bethune, Esq., Denne Park. Horsham (gr.,
Jlr. H. Harris), was 2nd, with an almost equally good
collection — Catherine Jlerinet, Hon. Edith Giffard,
Souvenir de Paul N(Sron, Perle des Jardins. were the
finest.

Twelve Teas or Noisettes, single trusses. —
A. J. Waterlow, Esq., Great Doods, Reigate,
was 1st with well assorted flowers, the best
of which were Belle Lyonaise, Jean Ducher,
Princess of Wales. Francesca Ivriiger, Caroline
Knster. Catherine Mermet, Souvenir d'un
Ami, Letty Coles, a flne Rose, with deep rose-pink
centre petals; Innocenta Pirola, and .Souvenir d'Elise
Vardon — all flowers fresh, good, and of uniform size.
2nd. G, Christy. Esq., Buckland Lodge. Westerham,
with blooms full, large, and of fairly good substance,
the best being Souvenir d'un Ami. Alba rosea,
Niphetos, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, JIarie van Houtte ;
Rev. A. Foster Jlelliar. Sproughton Rectory, Ipswich,
3rd, with blooms somewhat over blo^vu, the best
being Caroline Kuster, Madame JIargottin, Madame
Angele Jacques, a well formed flower of deep rose
colour — a nice thing. There were ten competitors
in the above class.

Nine Teas or Noisettes, distinct, single trusses. —
The 1st prize fell to the Rev. L. Garnett, with a nice
bo.x containing good flowers of Madame Cusin, Com-
tesse de Nadaillac. JIadame Willermoz. and Souvenir
d'un Ami ; Allred Slaughter. Esq.. Jarris Villa.
Steyning, took the 2nd honours — Boule d'Or, Etoili;
de Lyon, Abbe Roustan, a very diaphanous Rose, the
colour very pale flesh ; Miss Baker (gr. Jlr. Budgeu),
was 3rd. with flowers that were at their best on Jlon-
day. Princess Vera was noted as a pretty white
Rose. Reine de Portugal, a pale bufl^ should be at
its best as a half-opened flower, and JIarcellan Roda,
a white Rose with good points.

Six Teas or Noisettes, distinct, single trusses. —
1st, Lieutenant-Colonel Standish Hore, Rose Hill,
St. Asaph, with good blooms of Souvenir d'Elise
Vardon. Hon. E. Gifliird. JIadame Cusin. and
Nipiietos. There w^ere eleven competitors.

The next competition was a larger one — twelve
Teas or Noisettes, three trusses of each. In this the
1st prize was taken by T. B. Haywood, Esq., Wood-
hatch Lodge, Reigate (gr., Jlr, Ridout), the best
trusses being JI. Niel. C. Jlermet (one of the best in
the show of its kind). Hon. E. Gift'ard. JIadame H.
Jamain. aud Princess of Wales ; 2nd, Rev. F. P.
Burnside — JIadame Bravy, Jules Finger, Jlarc^chal
Niel, Comtesse de Nadaillac, and JIadame de Watte-
ville were the finest. There were six lots.

Open Class.

A collection of garden Roses, all hybrid perpetuals
to be excluded, also all Teas and Noisettes men-
tioned in the National Rose Society's list of exhi-
bition Roses : not more than twenty-four varieties,
three trusses. — In this class there were nine com-
jietitors. the 1st prize going to Julius Sladden, Esq..
Badsey, Evesham. This was a good representative
collection, and consisted of Princess Royal, moss:
Noisette Narcisse, w^hite ; La Seduisante, pale pink ;
Rosea alba, Old Blush, Crimson China, Belle Mayon-
naise, York and Lancaster, &c.

Twelve bunches of Moss and Provence Roses, not
less than eight varieties, and not less than three
trusses to a bunch. — Here Jlessrs. Paul & Son.
Cheshunt, were 1st, with a fine collection of about a
dozen varieties ; Blanche Jloreau. a very mossy white
Rose, and Angelique Quentin, pink, with very pale-
coloured moss, being the more distinct of them ;
2nd, Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., JIaidstone. In this

56

THE GARDENEHS' VlinONICLE.

[July 0, 1887.

lot Little Gem, a showy crimson ; Unique Provence,
and Celine, were sorts not so frequently met with as
they merit.

Twelve bunches of Roses suitable for buttonholes,
not less than six varieties, nor less than three trusses
to a bunch. — Mr. John Mattock, New Headington Nur-
sery, Oxford, took the 1st prize in this useful class
with Jean Pernet, Devoniensis, Comtesse Nadaillac,
Niphetos, Madame Falcot, Eubens, W. A. liichard-
son, Homere, Marie van Houtte, Ma Capucin,
W. F. Bennett, Souvenir de Paul Neron. 2nd,
Messrs. Harkness & Sons, Bedale. Yorkshire, nice
fresh buds of La Kosiere. Madame Lambard, Madame
Willennoz, &c. .3rd. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co. —
lieine Marie Henriette, a deep crimson bud, was a
noteworthy sort in this lot. Eight lots were exhibited.

New Roses since 1884, distinct, single trusses. —
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., Torquay, were 1st,
showing Her Majesty, General Appert, Baroness
Nathaniel de Rothschild, Laurent de Rills, a deep
rose, good form ; Princess Amelia d'(,)rleans, Victor
Hugo, Madame Norman Neruda, Madame Baulot,
Comtesse Frigneuse, Souvenir de Victor Hugo, The
Bride, Raoul Guillard, all excellent examples, not over-
blown. Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt,
took 2nd place with Ella Gordon, Pride of Reigate,
American Beauty, Clara Cocliet, Marshal P. Wilder,
Mary Bennett, Comtesse Cahen d'Anvers. Mr. B.
R. Cant, Colchester, took ord prize — Souvenir
d'Alphonse Lavalle and Madame Massecault.

Any new Rose. — 1st, Mr. B. Cant, with Madame
de Watteville. The flower has a pleasing tint of the
]>alest pink edged with a deeper shade. 2nd, Messrs.
Cooling & Sons, witli Her Majesty, with capital
blooms and foliage ; .'Jrd, Mr. H. Bennett, Shepper-
ton, with Pedigree Seedling Tea Rose Printess
Beatrice, a fawn-coloured neat and pretty flower.

Twelve single trusses of any vellow Rose. — 1st.
Mr, B. R. Cant, with Mar&hal Niel.

Twelve single trusses of any white Rose. — 1st, Mr.
B. R. Cant, with Merveille de Lyon.

Twelve single trusses of any crimson Rose. — 1st,
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & C!o., Avith Marie Rady.

Twelve single trusses of any crimson velvety
variety. — 1st, Messrs. Cranston & Co., King's Acre,
Hereford, with Abel Carriere.

Twelve single trusses of any Rose. — 1st, Mr. H.
Bennett, with Pedigree Hybrid Tea Lady Mary Fitz-
william.

MisceUaneinif. — 'i'hese exliibits were by no means
numerous, the most attractive being tluit of Messrs.
Charles Lee & Son, Hammersmith, &c.. which con-
sisted of a group of various ornamental leaved shrubs.
Oaks, Planes, Jlaples, in variety, and purple-leaved
Peaches, Plums, and Beech, with others — a very
pleasing group and in its own way as interesting as
the Roses. Several good specimens of Orchis foliosa
in flower came from the Society's gaiden at Chiswick,
and from Mr. T. S. Ware, a Carnation, Pink Mal-
maison, very large blooms and delicate colouring.

SUNBUBY AND SHEPPEBTON
HOBTICULTUBAL.

June 30. — In deliglitful weatlier tlie tourtli sum-
mer exliibition of this Society was held in the
grounds of Sunbury Court, the residence of Colonel
Harfield. This pretty place is close to the Thames,
and trees seem to feel the benefit of the nearness of
moisture, as all kinds thrive adrairal>ly ; this is espe-
cially the case with Conifera;, of which there are many
tine and handsome examples, Cedrus atlantica and
Deodara being particularly attractive. The show
was held in several rather small tents, thus destroy-
ing effect. The lateness of the season had evidently
told upon the cottager's exhibits, as these made a very
]ioor display. Curiously enougli the schedule con-
tains not a single special prize, whilst the classes are
almost entirely limited to two prizes only.

Orchi'h. — The only collection of Orchids was
from Major Lendy, Sunbury, to whom the 1st prize
naturally fell, the gallant exhibitor liaving a grand
piece of Cattleya Mossiaj witli forty expanded
blooms ; also good Cattleya gigas Sanderiana, Ltelia
purpurata, and Dendrobiums, densiflorura, thyrsi-
florum,and chrysotoxum. As single flowering plants
of any kind the Major had a beautiful clump of Laslia
purpurata for the 1st prize, Mr. Child, of Claygate,
coming next with a fair Anthurium Scherzerianum.

Stove and Greenhouse Plan/s. — Mr. Reeves, gr. to
W. Hewett, Esq., Oatlands Park, luid the best six
stove and greenliouse ])lants in Dendrobium nobile,
Statice profusa, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Erica
Cavendishii, scarlet Azaleas, &c, ; Mr. Reed, gr. to
Mrs. Fettitt, Walton, was 2nd, h.^ving sevei'al

Azaleas in good bloom, Mr. Sutton, gr. to J. S.
Sassoon, Esq.,, Walton, had the best six foliage
plants ; and Mr. Reeves the best six Ferns, which
were largely shown — half-a-dozen Adiantums from
Mr. Taylor," Sunbury, being very meritorious. Mr.
Reed was again to the front with four very finely
flowered pyramid Fuchsias, comprising such good
kinds as elegans and Alfred Dimsdale, reds;
and Beauty of the West and Talma, whites. The
best six Coleus, very well grown pyramids, came
from Mr. Waite, gr. to the Hon. Colonel Talbot,
Esher, who also liad the best six double zonal Pelar-
goniums, good plants of Victor Hugo, Mrs. Levers,
Colonel Pomerie, Mr. G. Sowagie. C. H. Wagner, &c.
Mr. Child, Claygite, had the 2nd best, but was a
good 1st with six capital pans of Achimenes, deco-
rative plants too seldom seen in good form. Mr.
Bowden, Sunbury, was 1st with twelve Gloxinias,
medium-sized plants, some of fine quality ; Mr.
Waite coming 2n(], with larger plants, but rather
shaken witli travelling. The decorative groups
were very pleasinn;, though far from being novel ;
the best was arranged by Major Lendy 's gardener, Mr.
West, a quantity of good Orchids in this telling
eifectively. Mr. Reeves and Mr.Thomas (gr.to Colonel
Harfield) were placed equal 2nd with neat, g.ay groups.
Mr. West was wi-U to the front in the classes for
single and double Begonias in pots, having fine kinds
in both cases of Laing's gi-and strain. Messrs.
Hooper & Co., Twickenham, sent a beautiful group of
<lecorative plants ; Messrs. Collins & Gabriel, Hamp-
ton, a capital collection of hardy flowers; and Mr.
Will Tayler, Hampton, a box of good Roses.

Cut Flowers. — In competitive cut flowers Major
Lendy was the only exhibitor in the class for twenty-
four cut Orchids, in kinds, showing a beautiful lot,
Orchids being a pretty safe class here for tlie Major.

Hoses. — Mr. C. Turner, Slough, was the only ex-
hibitor in the class for forty-eight cut Roses,
although the 1st prize was £5. The flowers
were fresh and much admired, but in the face of the
report elsewhere, need no further reference here.
The best local Roses came from Mr. Warwick, gr.
to J. P. Hitching, Esq., Hampton, whose blooms are
always first-rate. The same exhibitor was 1st witli
twelve kinds, and also in the class for six of any one
kind, against good competition, he had the best, in
!^ome beautiful blooms of General Jacqueminot —
very good La France, from Mr. Butler, Haliford, being
2nd, this later variety, with finer blooms, taking the
1st place for Miss Richens, Ottershall, in another
class. Some good collections of cut flowers were
sliown, the best being from Mr. Carpenter, gr. to C.
J. Abbott. Esq.. Walton.

Vegetahles anrl Fruits. — Tlie result was here good
Ists in two classes for twelve kinds of vegetables, but
being shown in large baskets very much detracted from
the good effect the vegetables otherwise would have
made. Mr. Reed, and Mr. Palmer, gr. to W. F.
Hume Dick, Esq., Thames Ditton, were capital 2nds
ill these classes ; l\Ir. Hookings, gr. to Sir William
Tliompson, West Molesey, showed six good Midons,
and in the single fruit class was 1st with a small but
delicious Longleat Perfection, Eastuor Castle com-
ing 2nd. The best Strawberries were President,
from the Rev. H. Vigne. Sunbury ; the same kind
from Major Lendy being 2nd. A handsome dish of
The Captain, lacked flavour. Noblesse and Grosse
Mignonne were thi' best Peaches. Mr. Head was
1st with white Grapes, showing Muscat of Alex-
andria, Mr. Osraan having very good Foster's vSeed-
ling for 2nd, whilst he was an easy 1st in black
kinds with flue bnnches of Hamburgh. Mr. Hookings
and Mr. Waite liad the best Tomatos in Sutton's
Perfection.

TOBaXJAY HOBTIOTTLTUEAL.

Summer Show. — The Torquay Horticultural
Society held its Rose and summer show on Wednes-
day and Thursday, June 20 and 30, on the grounds
of Apsley House. The exhibits, which were fairly
large in number, were placed iri two marquees, the
largest of which, 100 feet by 40 feet, containing the
Roses, was, of course, the centre of attraction.
There were sixty classes, and the exliibits were good,
considering the dry weather that has been expe-
rienced of late. The exhibitors of cut blooms
appeared to be the chief sufferers on .account of the
dry weather; the plants, fruit, and vegetables looking
none the worse for the long drought. No prizes
were ofi'ered by the Society for the productions by
nurserymen ; the competitions were confined to
amateurs only. For Roses Dr. S. P. Budd, of Bath
(Mr. Georgf Campbell, gr.), secured six 1st

prizes in the six classes in which he com-
peted. Dr. Budd's collection of forty-eight dis-
tinct varieties made a ]iretty show, and in another
class he exhibited twelve exquisite blooms of a
delicate pink Rose known as Monsieur Mondu.
For plants Miss Loch, of Villa Como (Mr. H.
Yelland, gr.), was successful in taking no fewer than
ten 1st and two 2nd prizes. Miss Loch's collection
included some beautiful specimens of exotic Ferns
and zonal Pelargoniums. Mr. P. B. Drinkwater, of
Lyncombe (Mr. J. Hunt, gr.), and Mr. J. W.
Kimber, Cockington (Mr. F. Feiris, gr.), were also
very successful in taking prizes, more especially
in the zonale Pelargonium classes. The last-men-
tioned gentleman had a very pretty exhibition of
Gloxinias, which were much admired. For Orchids
in bloom the honours were divided between Mr.
Morton Sparke (Mr. Geo. Medland, gr.). Captain
Fane-Tucker (Mr. Sloraan, gr.), and Mr. Layers
(Ml-. G. Lee, gr.). Mr. Morton Sparke and Mr.
Lavers also exhibited some Orchids in their not-for-
competition collections. The cut blooms commanded
a great deal of attention ; Mr. Jlorton Sparke took
1st prize for a pretty collection of twelve distinct
varieties, whilst Mrs. Ensor. of Exeter, came 2nd
with a prettily arranged truss containing a centre
of an Allamanda, which was surrounded by the more
sombre-hued Ericas, Lap.agerias, and Begonias.

Mr. W. B. Fortescue succeeded in taking 1st prizes
for black Grapes, Nectarines, Peaches, a Melon, and
a collection of six kinds; whilst Mr. F. H. Plumptre,
of Teignbridge House, near Newton (Mr. G. Teed.
gr.), was successful in taking 1st honours in Straw-
berries, Cherries, Currants and Gooseberries. In
the vegetable classes, Mr. H. B. Saniuelson, Chelston
Cross, exhibited some excellent specimens, whilst
Mr. J. Rodford, Higher Terrace, secured 1st prize for
two Cucumbers.

Although the nurserymen did not compete, the
following exhibited their productions: — Messrs.
Curtis, Sandford & Co., Devon Rosery ; Messrs. Horn
& Sons, Plainmoor Nurseries ; Mr. J. Mitchell, Ella-
combe; Messrs. Phillips & Co.. Torbay Nurseries;
Mr. W. B. Smale, Central Horticultural Dapot ; and
Mr. R. Veitch, E.xeter. Each nurseryman's collection
was good, the majority of them showing cut blooms
and plants ; whilst Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co.
exhibited cut blooms of Roses alone, in about a
dozen trusses, and amongst them were seen speci-
mens of the new Rose Her Majesty, and the curious
green Rose in full bloom.

PLANT PORTRAITS.

Angk.dcum CAro.^TCM, Orchidophik, March.

Apple Redee's Golden" Reinette, Gartenflora,
t. 1246.

BouvAEDiA HTBRiDA, Hogarth, Gartenjlora, May,
t. 1247.

CvMDiDiuM GiGANTEUH, Orchid A/hum, t. 284.

Hadenaria MILITARI5, Orchid Album, t. 281.

LvcASTE Skinneei v.\r. Reginje, Orchid Album
t. 283.

Vanda covrulea. Orchid Album, t. 282.

HYBRID LYCHNIS.

" I SEND herewith specimens of a hybrid Lychnis
which originated naturally in my garden here, two
years ago, and which is obviously the result of a cross
between L. coronaria and L. Flos-jovis. I also send
specimens of the parents for comparison. The hybrid
is very superior as a decorative plant to either parent.
The habit resembles L. Flos-jovis, though the plant
is larger. The flowers are as large as those of L.
coronaria, but are far more brilliant in colour, being
of a lighter and more rosy-purple. In fact it is one
of the most striking plants in a mixed border that I
know, the colour being very conspicuous, and it is a
very valuable acquisition to the herbaceous border,
and it is a first-rate town plant. So far I have not
been able to obtain good seed from it (as might have
been expected from a Iiybrid), but liave found no
difficulty in propagating it by division, Alfred 0.
Walker."

This note was accompanied by excellent specimens
of the hybrid Campion and its parents. The moststrik-
ing dift'erences are in the inflorescence, for the shape
of the leaves and the colour of the flowers are so variable
in dift'erent specimens of a Lychnis coronaria judging
from those growing in our own garden, or at

July 9, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CSRONICLE.

57

'\f'

Chiswick, that no great dependence can be placed
upon them. Speaking generally, however, the leaves
of L. coronaria are broadly ovate, while those of L.
Flos-jovis are lanceolate, while those of the hybrid
are ovate lanceolate.

The inflorescence of all three plants is what is
known as a "dichasium," that is, an in6orescence
in which the central stem of the plant ends
in a single flower, as in 1, while another
single flower, or it may be a group of flowers,
is produced below the original flower on
either side — 2, 2. The terminal or central
flower, 1. opens first, the lateral flowers,
2, 2, open subsequently. With this, it is hoped
not too technical description, the difference be-
tween the plants can be the more readily under-
stood. In L. coronaria the central flowerstalk is 4 to
6 inches long, and is terminated by the only flower
of the system open. Of the two side branches,
2, 2, one is always longer and better developed than
the other, thus showing an approach to another form
of inflorescence called a " sympode," a matter of
considerable interest to the botanist.

In the hybrid the central flowerstalk is only about
2 inches long, and the two side branches, 2, 2, are
about of equal length each bearing a group of flowers
of which the central one is open and not far behind
the primary flower, 1. So that, as a matter of fact,
where in L. coronaria we should have only one
flower open at a time, there are in the hybrid certainly
two equally developed at the same time, and perhaps
three. This is of itself an advantage.

In L. Flos-jovis the central flowerstalk, 1 . is exceed-
ingly short, and the two side branches, 2. 2, are of equal
length, each bearing densely packed groups of flowers,
arranged precisely on the same general plan, though
more numerous. Hence the inflorescence of the
hybrid is quite intermediate between that of its
parents.

A few other points may also be mentioned. The
rounded calyx of L. coronaria is marked by five very
prominent ribs {and other intermediate lese con-
spicuous ones) ; the calyx of the hybrid is less
rounded, but marked in the same way, though less
conspicuously ; the cal)^: of L. Flos-jovis is cylindri-
cal, and marked with fifteen nearly equal ribs, tinted
brown.

The petals (disregarding the colour, which is
variable) of L. coronaria have a narrow stalk.
expanding into a roundish wedge-shaped blade
slightly crenulated at the edge, and with two small
triangular tooth-like scales projecting from the face
of the petal at the junction of the blade and the stalk.

The petals of the hybrid are of similar shape, but
smaller, more deeply lobed, and with the scales more
slender. The petals of L. Flos-jovis are smaller,
still more deeply lobed, and the scales more slender.

In all three the stamens are ten in number, five of
the ten (in the first instance, at least) longer
than the others, and dispersing their pollen before
the stigma of the same flower is ripe (proterandrous).
"Whether the stigma can be fertilised by the pollen
of the five shorter and more tardily developed sta-
mens, we have not been able to ascertain.

In looking at the stamens one use of the tooth-
like scales on the face of the petals becomes appa-
rent. Generally speaking these scales lie more or
less parallel to the blade of the petal, but when the
anthers are mature and ready to discharge their
pollen the scales in question stand erect and form a
palisade all round the anthers, which occupy the
throat of the flower as in a thrum-eyed Primrose.
Now, this palisade would have a double purpose —
it would keep out thrips and ants from robbing the
pollen to no purpose, while it would form a channel
or tube down which the proboscis of a useful butterfly
might readily be extended in the search for honey.
MuUer says the flowers of allied plants are fertilised
by butterflies, and gives a list of those he has observed
frequenting these flowers. As the structural arrange-
ments he describes are the same as in the flowers
before us, there can be little doubt they are adapted
to the same class of insects. Miiller, however, says
nothing about the purport of the scales. In any
case Mr. Walker's hybrid has the twofold interest of
a decorative plant and of one whose structure and

mechanism offer special attractions to those inter-
ested in the life-history of plants. Those who have
the two species in their gardens to refer to will have
no diflicuity in following our statements ; those who
have not may be referred to t. 24 of the Bot. Mag.
(L. coronaria), and t. 3'JS (Flos-jovis). The genus
Agrostemma, to which both these plants were attri-
buted, is now reduced to Lychnis. No such hybrid
is described in Dr. Focke's classical treatise.
M, T. M.

The Weather.

MEAN TEMPERATtlRE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING JULY 16. (AVERAGE
OF FORTY-THKEE YEARS.)

July 10 ...

... es^.a

July 14

.. 6.3».3

„ U ...

... 63°.3

„ 15

. 63''.4

„ 12 ...
„ 13 ...

... 63°.3
... 63°.3

., 16

Mean for the week

.. 63''.4
.. 63° ,3

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32' F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degreea — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

TEBn»EEATUBE.

Above or

Accumulated.

Sri

Sd

below the

u

4J.-S

SI

Mean for
the week

J, Si

°SlJ'

is fltU

S.Et^

ending

..f

July 4.

11 11

<i: |a.j:

Principal Wheat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day- ! Day-

ducing Districts.

Aeg.

deg.

deg. J deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

3 above

110

0

+ 195 + 37

1. Scotland, E. ...

6 above

141

0

+ 197 -(■ 41

2. England, N.E. ...

5 above

151

0

+ 6r-|- 83

3. England, E.

3 above

153

0

— 53-1- 168

4. Midland Cos. „.

4 above

159

0

-1- l\+ 166

5. England, S. ...

3 above

151

0

— 5l'-(- 151

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6. SCOTXAND, W. ...

3 above

121

0

+ 106 + 47

7. England.N.W....

3 above

139

0

+ 33 4- 118

8. England, S.W....

2 above

140

0

-1- 2o'-|- 172

9. Ireland, N. ...

3 above

137

0

+ 203 + 23

10. Ireland, S.

4 above

151

0

f 179 -1- 97

— Channel Islands

3 above

148

0

- 55-1- 77

Bainfau.

Bkiqht

sunshihe.

Districts.

ia .

L

^d

iii

ill

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

2 less

106

18.4

15

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

3 less

75

9.1

39

35

2. England, N.E. ...

2 less

71

6.8

43

32

3. England, E. ...

4 less

68

7.4

63

40

4. Midland Cos. ...

4 less

66

8.2

65

30

5. England, S.

4 less

65

8.1

69

38

Principal Grazing. &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

4 less

82

15.9

33

36

7. England,N.W....

6 less

65

9.9

58

38

8. England. S.W....

7 less

67

9.0

76

47

9. Ireland. N.

3 less

76

11.8

25

36

10. Ireland, S.

5 less

66

11.1

45

44

— Channel Islands

4 less

77

8.3

70

60

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending July 4, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather continued very fine and dry in
almost all parts of the kingdom until nearly the close
of the period. In the extreme north and north-west
of Scotland, however, the sky was generally cloudy
or overcast, with occasional slight falls of rain. By
the end of the week the unsettled conditions extend
to almost all our coasts, and brought some rain to
all our northern districts, and some showers to most
of our southern and south-eastern stations. In a
few places slight thunder and lightning were expe-
rienced.

" The tempcra/ure has been above the mean in all
districts, the excess ranging from 2° in ' England,
S.W.,'to 5° in 'England, N.E.,' and 'Scotland, E.'
The highest of the daily maxima (which were regis-
tered on the .3rd or 4t'h in England, and earlier in
the week over Ireland and Scotland) varied between
77° and 82° in Scotland, 80° and 82° in Ireland, and
82° and 89° over England. The lowest of the daily
minima, which were recorded on somewhat irregular
dates, ranged from 40° in ' Scotland, E.,' and 43° in
' England. S.,' to 52° in the Channel Islands.

Rainfall has again been less than the mean in all
districts. It was almost entirely absent during the
greater part of the week, but at its close was rather
general, though not heavy.

" Bright sunshine has been less prevalent than of
late in most districts, especially over Ireland and
Scotland. The percentage of the possible amount of
duration varied from 15 in ' Scotland, N.,' and 25 in
' Ireland, N.,' to 63 in 'England, E.,' 70 in the
' Channel Islands,' and 76 in ' England, S.W.'

Notices to Correspondents.

^^* Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending
early intellisjence of local events likely to be of
interest to our readers, or which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.

Almond Leaves : A Subscriber. A bad case of
" blister," such as occurs on Peaches. It is due to
the attacks of a fungus (Ascomyces deformans).
See p. 53.

America : Yorkshire. Gardeners'' Monthly (Phila-
delphia).

Begonias : G. F. There is no end to the diversities
witnessed in double Begonias. Many of the forms
have been described aud illustrated in the Gar-
deners' Chronicle.

Box : E. J. In the absence of particulars we cannot
say why one kind of Box grows and the other does
not.

Cut Flower Trade : F. W. D. To answer your
question we should need to be in the trade our-
selves. Much depends on your knowledge and
experience, the market facilities, amount of rent,
rates and taxes. Unless you are experienced wa
should strongly dissuade you from attempting to
get profit from an acre of land, either for hardy
iiowers or fruit, as you propose.

Flower Show Reports : Messrs. JV. ^- Soji. We
cannot undertake to notice all or any of the ex-
hibits at a show. Our reporters select those details
which they think most worthy of notice.

Grass: Mrs. A.J). Cannot identify it.

Influence of a Warm Climate on English Plants :
G. S. M. Often rapid deterioration, sometimes
the reverse, as in the case of our weeds introduced
into New Zealand and Australia. As to your
second question, an autumn flowering plant would
probably in the end flower in the Australian
autumn, but thorough acclimatation would first
ensue.

Names of Fruit : .G. W. C. Nectarine Pitmaston
Orange ; Peach Grosse Mignonne ; but it is not
possible to be certain without a knowledge of the
flowers and leaves of these fruits.

Na5[es of Plants : W. B. S. Benthamia fragifera.
— A Young Gardener. 1, Crats'gus tanacetifolia ;
2, Chimonanthus fragrans (Carolina Alspice) ; 3.
Rhus cotinus (Wig-plant) ; 4, Andromeda spinu-

58

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[JtTLT 9, 1887.

losa ; 5, A. pulverulenta ; 6, Symphytum asperri-
mum. — R. A. 1, Claytonia perfoliata ; 2, Medicago
denticulata. Another time please send better
specimens. — W. A. K. 1, Juniperus recurva ; 2,
Abies Douglasii, golden variety ; 3, Spiraea sorbi-
folia ; 4, Gongora sp. — P. W. M. Pyrus pinnati-
fida. See Gardeners' Chronicle, October 20, 1883,
p. 493. — W. P. 1, Colutea arborescens ; 2, Ver-
onica (next week) ; 3, Saxifraga Wallacei ; 4,
Veronica Traversii ; 6, Rhus Typhinum. — Repub-
lican. 1, Fhleum pratense ; 2, Calamagrostis
lanceolata ; 3, Avena elatior ; 4, Aira caespitosa ;
5, Poa pratensis ; 6, Agrostis vulgaris. — J. W. 0.
1, Geranium pratense; 2, G. macrorhizum; 3,
Papaver alpinum ; 4, Onobrychis sativa ; 5, Oxalis
etricta ; 6, Cerastium arvense. — Lymington. Ly-
cium barbarum.— ^. W. 1, 2, 3, Poa trivialis ;
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Poa pratensis ; 9, Kceleria cristata ;
but we cannot be certain from panicles only.

Notice to Quit Service : C. F. Unless you have
an agreement in writing to receive so much salary
per annum, we fear you cannot claim more than a
week's notice, or its equivalent in pay, house-rent,
&c. As a yearly servant you could claim a
month's pay or notice.

Paraffin Oil : R. J. There is more risk incurred
in using this substance than there is with petro-
leum oil. One part petroleum thoroughly incor-
porated with a little milk, and added to 80 parts
of soft water, will destroy or drive away aphides.
It may be used rather stronger as a winter dress-
ing. In using the mixture with a syringe keep
the contents of the can in motion by the use of a
second syringe.

PoTATos : R. V. tf S. The tubers had been eaten by
wireworra or some such marauder, the foliage by
caterpillars. We could not find either at work.

Richmond Rose Show — Correction : The thirty
trebles contest, line 31 from bottom of middle
column, p. 25 — substitute Mr. W. Rumsey, Joyn-
ing's Nursery, for Mr. Turner.

Roses : R. J. The leaves are atFected by the com-
mon Rose-rust. You can employ flowers of sul-
phur against it, and copious waterings in dry
weather will ward off attacks.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED,

John R. Box, 118, North End, Croydon, London —
Bulbs.

Thos. Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, N.B. — Bulbs and Roots.

W. B. Hartland, 24, Patrick Street, Cork, Ireland
—Daffodils (Abridged List).

R. B. Laird & Sons, 17, Frederick Street, Edin-
burgh, N.B.— Dutch Bulbs.

Communications Received :— Dobbie & Co. (next week).—
Francis Hatchett.— Pansy Grower (will report next week). —
W. E. G.— F. Degen (offer declined with thanks).— N. J. B.
— W. S. & Co.— J. G.— C. W. D.— R. A. R.— W. Morgan,
Pukekohe, N.Z.— Messrs. Sutton.— A. O. W.—W. E. G. (we
shall be obliged for a specimen). — Messrs. Carter (Trifolium).
—J. G. B.— J. W.— Prof. Henri ques.-Mr. Justice Weatherbe,
N.S.— G. N.— Dr. Crie. Rennes.— M. Regnier, Fontenay sous
bois.— H. B. B.— J. C. Brad Quimperle.— J. O. B.— J. R.—
G. M. W.— A. G. J. (letter wiU follow).— W. B. H.— J. C. S.
— R. L., Edinburgh (many thanks). — A, D. W. — Messrs. West
& Co.— .T. V. v.— J. C— H. Cleghorn.- H. W. W. (with
thanks).— H. R., Plymouth.— W. H.— E. C— G. P.— A. R.—
M. D. (many thanks). — F. Griineberg, Frankfort-u-M.

DIED, at Whitwell, Nottinghamshire, on June 30,
aged ninety years, Ann Helen, widow of William
TiLLERY, late of Welbeck Gardens. She was buried
at Cuckney.

lARKETS.

COVENT GARDEN, July 7.

We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us reguljirly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples.
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day. and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Strawberries from the Home Counties are now
in full gathering and good supply, making fair aver-
age prices. Grapes still bad sale, and hardly cleared

at very low rites. Business not quite so brisk.
James Webber^ Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Pkioes.

Cherries, J-sieve ...40-60
Grapes, per lb. ... 10-26
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 9-16
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons, each ... 1 6- 4 6

Peaches, dozen ... 4 0-12 0
Pine-apples,Eng.,lb. 10-16
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50
Strawberries, per lb. 0 4- 0 8

Vegetables— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, per doz... 4 0- ...
Asparagus, English,

per 100 5 0- ...

Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20

Carrots, per bunch... 0 9- ...
Cauliflowers, spring,

Celery, per bundle ..
Cucumbers, each ..
Endive, per dozen ..
Green Mint, bunch..
Herbs, per bunch ..
Leeks, per bunch ..
Lettuce, per dozen ..

0 9- ...
16-30
0 6-10
3 0- ...
0 4- ...
0 4- ...
0 3- ...
16-20

Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 2- ...

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ... 4 0- ...

Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...

Peas, per quart ... 1 0- ...

Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50

Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ...

Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...

Spinach, per bushel... 3 0- ...

Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...

Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 6- ...

Turnips, new, bunch 0 4-...

Potatos. — Old samples much lower; new very plentiful from
Jersey and Cherbourg, prices ranging from 8s. to 12s. per cwt.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale PRioEa.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Calceolaria, dozen ... 4
Cinerarias, per doz... 6
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Draceena terminal is,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz.

0-18 0
0-9 0
0-9 0
0-12 0

Erici

per

dozen

Euonymus, in var.,
per dozen 6 (

Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen 6 (

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen 4 (

Ficus elastica. each . 1 (

Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2 (

Fuchsias, doz. ... 4 (

Heliotrope, dozen ... 4 0-08
Hydrangeas, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
Lilium longiflorum.

per dozen 24 0-36 0

,40-60

! 6 0-12 0
.60-90
.30-60
. 6 0-12 0
each 2 6-21 0
, dozen 6 0-15 0

per dozen
Mignonette, doz.
Musk, per dozen
Myrtles, per dozen

Pelargon;

— scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

— Ivy-leaved, doz. 4 0-60
Rhodanthe, dozen ... 6 0-90

dozen 18 0-30 0

Scented Verbena.doz. 4 0-60
Spireea, per dozen ... 9 0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun ...

ArumLili'esriSblms".
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 blms.
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Day Lily, 12 bun. ...
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Iris, various, 12 bun,
.Tasmine, white, bun.
Lilac, 12 bunches ...
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms

Marguerites, per 12

2 0-40

2 0-40

3 0-50
0 6-10
0 9-20

2 0-30

4 0-60
4 0-60
10-30
0 6-10
6 0-12 0
0 6-09
4 0-80

3 0-60

Mignonette. 13 bun. 3 0- t
Myosotis, 12 bun. ...2 0-^
Pansies, 12 bunches 2 0- i
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 6- 1
Pinks, coloured and

white, ]2bun. ... 2 0-'
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-1

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0- f
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 ft- 1

— coloured, dozen. 2 0- ^

— red. per dozen ...0 6-1

— Saffrano, dozen... 1 0- ]
Spiraea, 12 bunches.. 6 0- 5
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0- ^.
Tropseolums, 12 bun. 1 0- :
Tuberoses. 12blm3.... 1 0- .

SEEDS.

London: Jtdy 6. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., write that
as usual during the month of July very little business
is just now passing in farm seeds. Rather more
attention is being devoted to Trifolium incarnatum,
on account of the drought, and consequently prices
are hardening somewhat. Clover seeds are at
present quite neglected. In Canary and Hemp seed
there is nothing fresh to note. Owing to the un-
satisfactory reports of the growing crop, fine samples
of blue Peas have become scarce, and find ready
buyers. There is no change in either Mustard or
Rape seed.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
prices of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended July 2 :— Wheat, 35s.; Barley, 20s. 10^.;
Oats, 17s. ^d. For the corresponding week in 1886 :
—Wheat, 31s. ; Barley, 24s. 2d. ; Oats, 21s. U.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London) : July 6. — Rather short
supply of vegetables, &c., with a fair demand. Old
Potato trade still verv dull ; new Potatos in request.
Quotations: — Gooseberries, l.s. 9rf. to 25. 6rf. per half-
sieve ; Strawberries 2s. 6rf. to 35. Qd. per peck ;
Cabbages, Is. 9(i. to 3s. per tally ; Spinach, Is. to
\s. ^d. per sieve ; bunch Greens. Is. to Is. 6^^. per
dozen bunches; Radishes, 2s. ^d. to 3s. per tally;

bunch Onions, 2s. 6rf. to 3s. 6^2. per dozen bunches ;
Lettuce, 6rf. to Is. Zd. per score; Rhubarb, Is. 6(f.
to 25. per dozen bundles ; foreign Onions, 4s. to
6s. ^d. per cwt.

Stratford : July 4. — Good supplies met with a
brisk trade at the undermentioned prices : — Cabbages,
2s. to 35. per tally ; Greens, Is. Qd. per dozen bunches ;
Mangels, Ss. to 15s. per ton ; Onions, spring, 3s. 6rf.
to 45. per dozen bundles; Watercress, 6cf. do.; early
Carrots, 'Ss. do.; do. Turnips, 2s. 6£?. do. ; Goose-
berries, 2s. per half-sieve ; do. 3s. ^d. to 4s. per sieve ;
Strawberries, 3s, Qd. to 4s. ^d. per basket ; Cherries,
3s. Qd.to 4s. per half fiat ; Cucumbers, 25. per dozen ;
Lettuce, 8ti. per scoie ; Peas, Ss. to Gs. per bag.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : July 5. —English
new Potatos short, but from Jersey and France there
are fair arrivals, which command a steady sale.
Picked samples of old bring long pricet, but of other
grades there are few buyers. Quotations : — Old ;
Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 95s. ; Regents, 70s. to 90s.
per ton. New : Jersey kidneys, 125. to 13s. ; Malta
rounds, Ss. to 9s. ; Lisbon, rounds, 7s. to 9s. per cwt.

Columbia (East London): July 6. — Quotations:
— Old : York and Lincoln Magnum Bonums, 55s. to
90s. ; Kent and Sun-ey do., 55s. to ^bs. : Cambridge-
shire do., 5i)s. to 90s. ; Scotch do., 70s. to lOOs. ;
Victorias, 85s. to 955. per ton. New : St. Malo kid-
neys, ll5. 6d. to 135, ; do. rounds, 7s. to Ss. ; Cher-
bourg kidneys, 12s, Qd, to 15s. Qd. ; do. rounds, 8s.
to Ss. Qd. ; Jersey kidneys, 13s. to 14s. ; do. rounda,
8s. to 9s. per cwt.

Stratford : July 4. — Old : English, 70s. to lOOs.
per ton. New: Jersey kidneys, lis. Qd. to 13s. ; do.
rounds, 7s. Gd. to 8s. ; do. . St. Malo, 8s. to 8s, 6rf. ;
do. Cherbourg, Ss. 6d. to 9s. per cwt.

Imports. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 1856 cases from Bordeaux, 1519 cases
Cherbourg, 143 Malta, 1928 packages Jersey, 23
packages Valencia, 155 half-boxes Lisbon, 12 baskets
Algiers, 25 baskets Rotterdam.

HAY.

-The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 90s. to
1025. Qd. ; inferior, Q5s. to 865, ; hay, prime, 70s.
to 92s. ; inferior, 45s. to 65s. ; and straw, 30s. to 48s.
per load.

Insect Washes — 2.c., to Wash them Off.
— Mr. W. G. Klee, the California State Inspector of
Fruit Pests, issues a bulletin relative to the use of
washes which is full of practical value. In reference
to the woolly aphis, the direction, based on years of
experience, is the use of gas-lime, or the refuse from
gasworks, which serves both as a cure for the pests
and a fertiliser. Use from 1.1 to 3 shovelfuls of
fresh gas-lime around the tree, covering a space
about a foot in diameter. Do not pile the lime
about the tree, as it may scald the bark. Place a
shovelful of fresh ashes around the tree to prevent
the migration of the pest from the root to the
branchep. The gas-lime should be applied as early
as possible to get the benefit of the spring rains.
For the insects in the summer use washes, but if the
red lady-bugs are numerous trust the business to
them. The winter and spring work for the codlin-
moth is to remove the earth around the trees, and
scrape the bark. If the trunk has rough bark it
should be scraped, and if it be infested with mosses
it should be sprayed with a weak lye solution. The
first brood of Peach-worms bore into the young
limbs, the second into the fruit. The bulk of the
pupae evidently harbour iu the ground, hence dusting
with gas-lime, as for the woolly aphis, might prove
a benefit. Infected lirabs should be cut off and
burned. It is in the spring that the pests show
their work most plainly in the withering young
shoots. These should be removed and burned.
American Agriculturist.

JuiT' 9,

THE GARDENEB8' ^CHRONICLE.

^89

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(Established 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING,

NOTICES OF ALL HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST

EEPOETS of EXHIBITIONS, EEVIEWS of BOOKS, and
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

Original lUustratioas by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds,

may be named : —

ALPINE PLANTS ^-

BACKHOUSE, J.

BALL, J., F.R.S.

CHURCHILL, G. C, Clifton, Bristol.

CORREVON, H., Geneva.

DEWAB, D., Kew.

DOD, Rev. C. W.

JENKINS, E., Potter.

AMATEUR GARDENING;—

BADGER, E. \V.

BOYLE, lion. Mrs. E. V. B.

" S. BRIGLD."

BRIGHT, the late H. A. ("Note

from a Lancashire Garden").
CLAEKE. Col. Trevor.
EWBANK. Rev. H„ Ryde.
LOWNE, B. T.
OWEN, Miss, Knockmullen.
PHILBRICK, Q.C.

ARBORETUM ;-

BARRON, W., Borrowa.«h.
LAVALLEE. Alphonse. the late.
NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar-
dens, Kew.
SARGENT, Prof., Boston, U.S.A.
WEBSTER. A. D.
YOUNG, Maurice.

BEE-KEEPING :

CHEMISTRY -.-

CHURCH, Prof., Kew.
DEHERAIN, Prof., Paris.
DYER, Bernard.
GILBERT, Prof., Rothamsted.
LA WES, Sir J., Rothamsted.
WARINGTON, R., Eothamalod.
WILLIS. J. J.

DISEASES OF PLANTS :-

ARTHUR, Prof., New York.
BASTIAN, Dr. Charlton, F.R.S.
BEI.IERINCK. Prof., Wageningen.
BERKELEY, Rev. M. .T., F.R.S.
COBBOLD, T. S.. F.E.S., the late.
COOKE. Dr. M. C.
MURRAY, G., British Museum.
PAGET. Sir James, F.R.S.
PHILIPPS, W.

PLOWRIGHT, C. B., (Fungi).
SMITH, W. G.
SORAUEE, Prof.. Proskan.
WARD. Prof. MarshaU, School of
Forestry.

BAKER, J. G., Royal Gardens, Kew.

DRUERY, C.

HEMSLEY, A.

MOORE, T., Botanic Gardens, Chelsea.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS :-

DEAN, R., Ealing.
DODWELL, E. S.. Oxford.
D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H, H.
DOUGLAS. J., niord.
DOWNIE, J., Edinburgh.

HORNER. Rev.
MOLYNEUX. E.
PAUL. G., Paisley.
TURNER, C, the late.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :-

ANDRE. E.. Paris.

ANTOINE. F., the late, Vienna.

BENNET. H.. M.D., Mentone.

BERGMAN, E., FerriSres.

BONAVU, C. Lucknow.

CARUEL. Prof.. Florence.

CASPARY, Prof., Koenigsberg.

DE JIAR, J. A., Boston, U.S.A.

DRUDE. Prof., Dresden.

DUCHARTRE. Prof., Paris.

EICHLER, Prof., Director, Imperial
Botanic Gardens, Berlin.

FENZI. Cav. E., Florence.

HANBURY. T., Mentone.

HENKIQUEZ, Prof., Coimbra.

JOLY'. C. Paris.

KOLB, Max, Munich.

KRELAGE, E. H., Haarlem.

LANGE, Prof., Copenhagen.
MEEHAN, T., Philadelphia.
MONTEmo, Chev., Lisbon.
MOREEN, the lat« Prof., Liege.
NAUDIN, C. Antibes.
NELSON, C. J., Orange Free State.
OLIVEIRA, J. D.', Oporto.
OLH'ER. Captain S. P.. Madagascar.
PLANCHON. Prof.. Montpellier.
PYNAERT, E.. Ghent.
REGEL, E.. St. Petersburg.
RODIGAS, E.. Ghent.
SURINGAR, Prof., Leyden.
TROUBETZKOI, Prince (Eucalyptus).
VILMORIN, H. de, Paris.
WITTMACK, Dr., Berlin.
WOLKENSTEIN, St, Petersburg.

FORESTRY ;-

BRACE. C. J., France.
FR.INCE, C, S., Aberdeen.
MICHIE, C. Y., CuUen, Aberdeen.
WEBSTER, A. D., Carnarvonshire.

FRUIT CULTURE:—

BARRON, A. P., Chiswick.
BLACKMORE, R. D.
BUNYARD, G., Maidstone, Kent.
CHEAL, J., Crawley, Sussex.
RIVfiRS, T. F.
WAJID, E.. Hewell Grange.

GARDEN BOTANY :-

BAKER, .1. G., F.R.S.

BALFOUR, Prof., Oxford.

BALL, J., F.R.S.

BENTH-A.-M. the late G., F.R.S.

BROWN, N. E., Herbarium, Kew.

BURBIDGE, F. W., Botanic Gardens,

Dublin.
CLARKE, Col. Trevor.
CLARKE. C. B., F.R.S.
COOKE, Dr. (Fungi).
CORNU, Prof. Max, Paris.
DEC.AISNE. the late Prof.. Paris.
DE CANDOLLE, A., Geneva.
DYER, W. T. T., Director, Royal

Gardens, Kew.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES. H. J. (Lilies). [fers).

ENGELMANN, the late Dr. 6. (Coni-
FRANCHET, Paris.
GRAY, Prof. Asa, Boston, U.S.A.
HEMSLEY, W. B., Kew,
HOOKER. Sir J. D.. K.C.S.L. late

Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
.TACKSON, Museum, Royal Gardens,

Kew (Economic Botany).
LEICHTLIN, Max, Baden-Baden.
M.IW, G. (Crocus). [Gardens, Kew.
MOEKIS, D., Assistant Director, Royal

GARDEN BOTANY :-

NAITDIN, C. Antibes.
OLIVER, Prof., F.R.S.
RIDLEY, H., British Museum.
ROLFE, Royal Gardens, Kew.
SMITH, W. G. (Fungi).
STEIN, Breslau Gardens.
STRICKLAND, Sir C,
TODABO, Baron, Palermo.
WATSON, Sereno. Boston, U.S.A.

GARDEN INSECTS :-

MACLACHLAN, E., F.R.S., Pres. Ent.

Soc.
inCHAEL, A. E., F.R.S.
\VESTWOOD, Prof., F.R.S.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS :-

BARR, P., Covent Garden.
CREWE, Kev. H. Harpur, the late.
DOD, Rev. C. W.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J.. Cirencester.
HARTLAND, B.aylor. Cork.
PERRY'. Tottenham.
POTTER, W., York.
WLLSON. G. F.. F.R.S.

INDIA AND THE COLONIES :—

ADLAM, H., Natal.

BANCROFT. G., M.D.. Queensland.

BENNETT, G., M.D., Sydney.

BONA VIA, Dr., N. W. P., India.

COOPER, Sir Dan,, Bart.. Sydney.

DUTHIE. J. F., Saharunpore.

HART, J., Jamaica.

IM THURN, Everard, British Guiana.

KING, Dr., Director, Royal Botanic

Gardens. Calcutta.
JIIACOWAN, Prof.. Cape Town
MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. V.,

Melbourne.
MURTON, H. J., Siam.
PRESTO. H., Trinidad.
SCHOMBURGK, Dr., Adelaide.
SMITH. T., New Zealand.
SYME. G.. Jamaica.
TRIMEN, H., Ceylon.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING :-

ANDRE, E., Paris.
BOSCAWEN, Hon. and Rev. J. T.
BURVENIOH. F.. Ghent.
JACKMAN, J., Woking.
JULIAN, G. Richards.

ANDERSON, J., Mcadowbank.
BACKHOUSE. I., York.
BRADSHAW, A„ Waddesdon Gardsns.
BULL. W.
B0LLEN, B., Botanic Gardens,

BUYSSON, il. Le Comte.
CRAWSHAY, De B.
LAWRENCE, Sir Trevor, Bart., M.P.,
President, Royal Horticultural Soc.
LEE. W.. Downside.
LINDEN, Lucien, Ghent.
O'BRIEN, James.
PFITZER, Prof., Heidelberg.
REICHENBACH, Prof., Hamburgh.
RIDLEY. H. N., British Musetmi.
SANDER, F.
SMEE. A. H.

SWAN, W., Howick House, Preston.
VEITCH. H.
WILLIAMS, B. S.
WOOLFORD, C, Downside.

PRACTICAL GARDENING :-

ATKINS, J.

AUSTEN, J., Witley Court Gardens.

BAILLIE, W. M., Luton Hoo Gardens.

BAINES, T.

BAKER. G. [Oxford.

BAXTER, W. H., Botanic Gardens,

BLAIR, T., Shrubland Gardens.

CARMICHAEL, A.M.,Henleyin Arden.

CHALLIS, T.

CHRISTIE, A., Warwick Castle.

COLEMAN, W., Eaatnor Castle
Gardens.

COOMBER, J., The Hendre.

COOMBER. W., Regent's Park.

CROSSLING, R., St. Pagan's Castle
Gardens.

CULITJRWELL, W., Thorpe Perrow.

DEAN, A. (Potatos, &c.).

DEWAR, D., Royal Gardens, Kew.

DOUGLAS, J., Great Gearies, Ilford.

DUNN. M., Dalkeith.

EARLEY, W., Ilford.

EVANS. A., Lythe Hill Gardens.

FES'DLAY, B.. Manchester.

FISH. D. T., Hardwicke Gardens.

FOWLER, A., Caatle Kennedy

ERASER, J., Kew. [Gardens.

GIBSON, W. M. (Town Gardening).

GRIEVE, P., Bury St. Edmunds.

HARRIS, G., Alnwick Caatle.

HEMSLEY, A. (Market Plants).

HUDSON, J. (Stove Plants).
INGRAM, W., Belvoir Gardens.
LYNCH, R. J., Botanic Gardens,

Cambridge.
MacINDOE. J., Hutton Hall.
MELVILLE. D., Dunrobin Gardens.
MILES. G. T., Wycombe Abbey

Gardens.
MILLER, W.. Coombe Abbey.
MOORE. F. W., Glasnevin Botanic
O'BRIEN, T. [Garden.

RICHARDS, G. H., Somerley Gardens
ROBERTS, J., Gunnersbury.
RUST, J., Bridge Castle.
SAUL, M., York.

SHEPPARD, J., Wolverston Gardens.
SMITH, J., Mentmore Gardens.
SMYTHE, W., Basing Park.
TEMPLE. M„ Carron House, N.B.
THOMAS, O., Chatsworth Gardens.
THOMSON, W., Clovenford (Vines).
WALLIS, J., Keele Gardens.
WARD, E., Hewell Grange, Bromsgrove.
WARD, H. W., Longford Castle

Gardens.
WATSON, W., Roval Gardens, Kew.
WEBSTER, J., Gordon Castle Gardens.
WILDS.MITH, W., Hecklield Gardens.
WILSON, D.
WILSON, G. F. (Lilies).

BENNETT, H.

D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H.

FISH, D. T., Hardwick, Bury St.

FISHER, Rev. O. [Edmunds,

GIRDLESTON, I. W.

PAUL. G., Cheshunt.

PAUL, W.. Waltham Cross.

VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY -

BENNETT, A. W.
BOULGER, Prof.
DAKWra, Charles, the late.
FOSTEIi, Prof. Michael.
GARDINEE, W.. Cambridge.
GLAISHEK, James (Meteorology.)
HENSLOW, Rev. G.

60

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 9, 1887.

PEAT, LOAM, SAND, &c.— Splendid Brown
Fibrous PEAT (full of fibre). 9!!. per yard ; Yellow Fibrous
LOAM (best in England). 10s. per ton ; SILVER SAND (coarse
and fine). 10s. per ton. Each in truckloads. COCOA-NUT
FIBRE REFUSE. 20s. per Inrg.' fruckload. Send for List.
BRINKWORTH am. SONS. Re.idinR.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lies. Red Spider, Thrip. Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, dc. dc.
DcDrrrTI V 1 fo file Hands and Skin, but will cure
rcnrcblLf KiuRWorm in Animals, and all Diseases
HARMLESS J produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A rombination of Hvdrooarbnn Oils, made soluhk- in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. fid. ?s. f;d. & 4s. Bd;

J gallon 7s. 6d, 1 Rallon 12b. Cd, or lessin hirpr f|Unntities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receint of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wlinl-.il-' H...irFit.>.-r.,,: i ■,„:,;,-, s.iT-in. F.nvi ir. & Co. ;
C E (i.Mvv .\- r,, . ,in.l fr..rii ;l11 til- T.oridui, s.'.d Mer-
chant, uud «-]|nl,,;,|.. V-.it.ut Midi. Ill-' Ihn,.,... NEW
YORK-KoiuF.B \- S.iN^.

HUGHES^FiR TREE Obl

Hughes'

FIRTREE 0:L

SPRAY PUMP

PRICE 25 -

T/n nil ! n Ji»e
'■/mil/ 20 ft., and
I /it soft., icith
i/iint foice.

A s2Jlendid
iiib'ttitute for the
6i/)mge for using
Iiiiecticidc, Price
1 )\ A larger
site foi tcatering
piiipoieK, 455.
Cauiaq;G Paid.

HUGHES'

I^APHICIDE

HUGHES'

GREEN&creamcolorSHADING

Convpnipnt, Inexpensive— Easily applied — Lasts nil the
Summer, and can tlten he eiisily washr-l ..If. ' ' ' -^

For Fixinj? Bloom of Azak-
&c., and for Cut t"lo«

HUGHES'
FLORAL CEIVSENT.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Prcventinpr Vines Bleeding after Pnming'.

Vcrv effeetual in prevrntinp the flow of sap in Vines being

wast/-d. In bfittl-^s 1 .-, nn'l 2 (5. Per ro^t, 3d. extra.

??^£r:'^;;;?;;>;:?nr;,::,x*^:: HUGHES'
TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Oreenhouses,— for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price. 6d.. Is. & 2/6. Per post .3d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, "?;5li5??>

VICTORIA & OATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery ani Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at Vis. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at \bs. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 5s. per bag. FMsh SPHAGNUM. 7s. id. per
bag. SILVER S.IND, coarse or f ne. l.^is. per ton.

WALKEE AND CO.. Tarnboro' Station. Hants.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIEg, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every HorticuHural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-inlaw and Successor to
J. Kennard). Central Office and Sales Room. 7.5a. Queen Victoria
Street, E.G., near Mansion HouM Station. Depot: Swan Place.
Old Kent Road. London, S.E.
Telegrams — " Floricuxturb. London." Established 1854.

The Best Manure for all Horticultural Purposes Is

RICHARD MANN and C 0. ' S
UNIVERSAL FERTILISER.
It is the most effective and permanent fertili.ser in the
market. We have taken over 1000 First Prizes for Plants.
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables grown with this Manure. In
tins. Is. ; bags, 7 lb., 2s. U. ; 14 lb., 4s. id. ; 28 lb., 7s. id. ;
66 lb.. 12s. id. ; 112 lb., 20s., all carriage paid. We also
supply finest quality Fish Guano, pure Dissolved Bones, and
Crushed Bones, m 1 cwt. bags, 10s., carriage paid. Dr.
Voelcker's Analysis guaranteed. Cash with order.

RICHARD MANN and CO., Howden. Ea-st Yorkshire.

Orclild Peat-a Specialty !

WWOOP AND SON art- now cutting from
• THE NEW ESTATE (I lie uiily estate celebrated for
its special quality of ORCHID PEAT).

Send for .Sample. Special Quotations.
Wood Green, London. N.

^'CUPROLENE,'

WEED DESTROYER.

A NEW DISCOVERY.— The Cheapest. Best, and Most
Erfr'tii;il l'n>|>:ir,it mil lor Kili 1115 Weeds. Dandelions, Moss, &c.,
on Carri;!"- liri\ , ■■.. i.:ndcn Walks, or wherever they may exist.

No <listurbaii--e of gravel. Saves labour, time, and money.
Supersedes all other preparations.

Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, the extensive
and well-known nurserymen, write us ;—" We are pleased to
say that your Weed Killer is very eff.-ctive, cleanly to use, and
the best we ever tried."

CuPBOLENEisused with Iheprf.Tt.'st success in .ill parts of
the United Kingdom. Testimoiuuls mi iiiii.licili.in.

Prices, Carriage Paid to any Station.

4 galls., sufficient for 100 gulls, of ■

.£060

0 12 0

1 2 0

2 7 6
n-ntlBga:

TREPHO FOR ORCHIDS.

For Potting, Rafts, Blocks, &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.E.B.S.,

7.iA QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. E.C. ; and

SWAN PLACE. OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all HORTicuBruRAL Requisites post^fr*
POTTERY of all descriptions.

JENSEN'S

Every CT"ain fertilizes be
pare- It is mn«t ecooor

100 partft iif sr.il br-in

jiuBc the Gunno if per/ectly
iiical. one part of Maome to

,' .iiiipio f »r t:ardeu nse.

Write fnr I':unphlL.t. T- ^

tiriMimns iinil Instnirti.^nfl.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker'8 analyaiR Rii^iriintc-a. FISH-POTASH
contains Ammonia, Pho-^phiites ;inil Potash in large
proportions, which are tM^ principal elements ol
fcrtUization.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins, Is. ; in Bags, 7 lbs., 2s. : 141bs.,

4s.; 281bs., 6s.6d.; S61bs., 10s. 6d.: 1 cwt.,

16s.; 2 cwt.. 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED.
10, St. Helen's Place, London. E.C.

piISHXTRST COMPOOTTD, used by leading

v3r Gardeners since IS.W against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to a ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Hius outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes. I5., 3s.. and 10s. id.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work,
Manures, Blc. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

BOBber's Garden Edging TUes.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are apecially sxiited for
.KITCHEN GARDENS, as
:hty harbour no Slugs or
In.secta, take up little
and once put down ini
further latxiur or expense
do "grown" Edgings, cot
quently being much cheaper,
GAKDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.,!0 Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers. Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Koad, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEYS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Hlustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls. Corridors, Balconies, &.C.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plaiu or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders. Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

C I L ^V E R S A N D ,

O fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

~. KC

3rde.. ,---_,--, .

A liberal Discount to the Trade,

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

BEKXISPABK IROMVORKS, STOUEBEIDGE,

THe «"~^?t\\V'^=^ "^^ ^^^

" Expansion M^jaJn 1 \=-z^ ^"* Quickest

4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, is. 3d. each;

'4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long. 4s. 6U. each.

Full Illustrated Revised Price List on application.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the
Kingdom with Hot-water
*VV*V,^ Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE
FBEE.

North of England Horticultural Works,"NwV

DARLINGTON.

JoLY 9, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

61

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HOKTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL KOW LONDON, E.C

rSA

W. H. LASCELLES AND CO will gi\ e Estimatei for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK free of charge and
send competent assistants whtn necessary

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, BunliiU Row, London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, andStages,
sent post-free on application.

HY. VAN & CO.

(Tlie Oldest London House in the Trade, Estd. 1780),

17, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

IlUtrntei CiT iLOCr £■-. Tot free

PROTECTION FOR FRUIT AND FLOWERS

GABDEN NETTING 2 jards ^sile Urf or per luo >ardi,

10s ditto 4 yards w de Jrf or per 100 yards 20s
SCEIM CANVAS 1 ^ard wide U IJ yard l^ and

2 yards, 6rf. per yard.
TIFFAJfY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. td. per piece.
SHADING BLINDS made up any size.
KICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, Corn and Potato SACKS,

FLAGS, TENTS, &c., tor Sale or Hire.
TOBACCO PAPER, RAFFIA, and Garden MATS of all kinds.

BOULTON & PAUL'S
CUCUMBER FRAMES

Are always in stock, ready to be sent o£f on receipt of order.
They are made of best sound red deal, sawn from the beat trees
in the forest to our own requirements, and seasoned in a proper
The FRAMES are of l^-inch boards, 24 inches high

at back, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the
easily taken to pieces if required. The LIGHTS are 2 inches
thick, with iron bar across and one handle at the top, and
the whole painted four coats. The glaiis is ENGLISH 21-oz.
weight. PACKED and sent CARRIAGE PAID to any station
England and Wales, also to Dublin, Belfast, Londonderry,

No. 75.— Cucumber and Melon Frame, au siies in stock.
CASH PRICES,

Including the UaE of Packing Cases.

Length. Width. Price.

2-LIGHT FRAME 8 feet by 6 feet ... £3 5 0

3 „ „ 13 feet by 6 feet ... 4 12 6

4 .. „ 16 feet by 6 feet ... 6 0 0

5 ,, 20 feet by 6 feet ... 7 7 6

6 ,, 24 feet by 6 feet ... 8 15 0

Smaller frames are made. See LISTS, post-free.

CATALOGUES

of Greenhousea, Heating Apparatus, Garden Frames in every
variety, Garden Implements, Water Carts, Pumps, and every-
thing required for Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, post-free on
application.

ESTIMATES for Greenhouses free ou receipt of particulars.

LADIES and GENTLEMEN waited upon by appointment
in any part of the Kingdom.

NORWICH;.

w

ARNER'S G4.KDEN ENGINES

AND W ATER B IRROWS

_ ^ Are of the

tL TJ, W r r ^ s t I \1 1 t lus 1 Hi 1 at Calcutta,

N le L II I \ tnui Anili m M \ nee Bribuit Brussels,
& and T«obiUer Medals i«ard d by theRoyal Horticultural
SoLietj Manufacturers of Garden byrmgeb Fountams &(..
lUustrated PRICE LISTS upon application to

JOHN WARVER and SUNS H\draulic and HorticulturU
Engineers The Crescent Founvlrv Cripplegate Et and the
Foundry Works, Walton-oii-tliw-Xiize. Essex. To be obtained
at every Ironmonger and Plumber in the Kingdom.

STEVEN BROS &C>
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

LONDON. EC

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 oz. 21 oz.
\^ by gi for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6,
12 ,, 10 ,, 11/- ,, 15/6 or 250 squares 8J by 6J, or 220
14 „ 10 ,, 13/- „ 19/- squares, 9J by 6J, or 170 squares,
14 „ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7J, or 160 squares, 10 by 8,
12 „ 12 ,, 13/- „ 20/- for 10,1. Carriage paid for all orders
18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- over £3.
20 ,^12 „ 24/- „ 35/-

Glaas cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LDJSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,
14. Moor Lane. Cripplegate, London, E.C.

GARDEN SHADINGS, '^cS.'S^'

RUSSIA MATS, RAITIA, PEAT,
SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, &c.,

At very Lowest Prices.
CATALOGUE oil APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONTON, E.

DOULTON & WATTS,

LAMBETH POTTERY, LONDON, S.E.

VASES, PEDESTALS, FOUNTAINS,

GARDEN EDGINGS, ^c, in

IMPERISHABLE TERRA COTTA.

Tiles for Lining Walls of Conservatories,
AJiT POTTERY, including JAItBINIERES,

Table Decorations and Vases, Fountains, &c.,

for tlie Conservatory, In

DOULTON WAHE, LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE NEW

SILICON WAKE.

Show Rooms, Albert Embankment, S.E.

THOMAS'S TRAINING TRELLISES

No. 81. GALVANISED AFTER MADE.

For Training Peas instead of

Training Plants to Walls, &c.

I.v Panels.
6 feet by 3 feet ... 28. each.
6 feet by 4 feet ... 3S. each.
6 feet by 6 feet ... 4B, each.
Also used for training plants,
made any size to order.
6-inch 4-inch S-inch 2-incli IJ-inch me.sh.

2d. 3d. 3id. 4d. 4id. per foot super.

GALVANISED WIRE NETTING.

Improved Jlncliiiie-mude.

Greatly Reduced Prices per Roll of 60 Yards.

2 ft. 3 ft. 4 ft. 6 ft.

wide. wide. wide. wide.

Mesh. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.

3-ln. 34 60 68 10 0
2-ln. 46 69 90 13 6
i;-ln. 6 6

STEEL BARB WIRE.

s. d.

6 0
12 6

i cwt. ... 26 0
Special Quotations for Large
Quantities.

100 yard Reels
260 ,
630 ,

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excelleBt substitute for oil paint, at one-third the coat.

Uaed in all London Parka, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station. Is. 8d. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.

/~fA TJ^Tf) A7 Every cask bears the above Eegistered

^-^^ J--*-yJ^y , Trade Mark. Beware of cheap

HILL & SMITH

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

21-oz. Foreign of the ahove sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ claas in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaueoua
Glass Article.H, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOITR MERCHANTS

34, St, Jolin Street, West Smlthfield, London, E.C.

stock List and Prices on appliciition. Quote Chronicle.

62

THE GABDENER8' CHBONICLE.

[Jdly 9, 1887.

SILVER SAND, Sussex, coarse, 24s. and 28.*.
per truck of 4 tous ; Beilfordahirc, .36.S. ; and very best,
40s. per truck of 4 tons. I'EAT and LOAM of the best quality
by truckloads.— W. SHORT, Midhurat, SuMei.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, l^d. per
yard; 10s. per 100 yards; 25 yards 2 yards wide post-
free 4s. : 4 yards wide, 3(1. per yard ; 20s. per 100. NEW
TWINE NETTING, 1 inch mesh, 1 yard wide, 2d. ; 2 yards
wide, M. ; i yards wide. id. per yard. COTTON NETTING,
54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch. Id. per yard (best
article to protect fruit trees, &c.). BAT FOLDING NETS, on
Bamboo poles, 20s. CLAP NETS, for birds, 30s.

W. CULLINGFOKD, Forest Gate, London, E.

inn MILES of GARDEN NETTING for

J.V/V7 Protecting FRUIT TREES, SEED-BEDS, PLANTS,
FLOWERS. &c., 1-inch mesh, 100 yards by 2 yards, or 60 yards
by 4 yards, price 10s. each, carriage paid. Hundreds of Testi-
monials. Any size made to order. Trade supplied. Special
quotations for large quantities. LAWN TENNIS B0UND.4KY
NETS. HAMMOCKS, FLAGS, CRICKET, SALMON, BABBIT,
and FISHING NETS.

ABBOTT iNT CO., Net Miinutricti.r.-ri. Lowestoft.

RIGBY, WAINWRTCHT & C07,

MAXUFACTUKERS,

FSTSRE?^ Neptune 'Works, Manchester,
E>tlAlllrt(ja. I

Cotton IVool and Waddi7ig

for Florists and Nur..erynien.

Send for Samples and Prices.

TIFFANY.

TIFFANY.

Fourteen Silver

Medals.

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare, Manufacturer of TERRA COTTA
VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER
TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from 1 to X inches
diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn gree.i ; ORCHID,
FERN, SEED, and STRIKING-PANS. RHUBARB and SEA-
KALE POTS, &c.

Price List post-free. Book of Designs, Is. 6(f .

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDUN. E.

You Should Use

z\

WARNERS NURSERY WATER POTS

WtlK impro7ed cpreadc

M

WARNER'S WATER BARROWS.
WARNER'S AQUAJECTS.

The very Best. Lists and Prices oi

JOHN WARNER and SONS,

CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
15" Manufacturers of Prize Medal GARDEN ENGINES and
SYRINGES, all the very best quality.

LAWN MOWERS

All the best makes n stork
Excelsior, Invmcible, Godive
Shank's. Green's, Ransome's,

Garden Skats, Tables,

GARDEN ROLLERS.

Doublt Cylinder "single
20byl8in..Ws. I 16byl6m.32s.
22by20in.65s. ISby 18in.35s.
24by22iu.66s. 20by20in.45s.
ZObva-lni.nus. I 22by2aiu.o.'s.

WOOD BARROW.

15 UiiU.... 30s. I 30 Gall.... 4Hs. Well made and cheap ... 24/6

I Gall... 545. With loose top, as shown Xiii

O.'S ILLUSTRATED GARDEN CATALOGUE

plete published) free by Post.

All orders Carriage Paid tu itni/ Station, Discount for Cash.

Swing Water-BarrowB.

DEANE ^ CO.

''■'" "st"! e'f?""'" I- L OND ON BR ID GE.

mum & PAUL,

Garden Engine and

Water Barrow

Combined.

ad pt d fur buth large

.^nd small gardens. It

13 st rong and well made

an 1 not liable to get

out of ord r

CASH PRICES

(Carr age Paid) :

1-) gallon size, £3 15s.

, £4 5s.

. £4 15s.

FumpB for domestic

I g I len purposes,

rd 1 El t lies. Water

B rrn m nnfaotured

NEW GENERAL CATALOGUE sent free.

Gather Honey from Your Flowers "

NEIGHBOUR'S CELEBRATED

BEE-HIVES

For taking Honey without

the Destruction of

the Bees.

Silver Medals and several
others au^arded to
GEO. NEIGHBOUR & SONS

COHACE BEEHIVE,

as originally introduced by them,
working three bell-glasses or tray
of sectional supers, is neatly and
strongly made of straw ; it has
three windows in the lower Hive.
This Hive will be found to pos-
s-'ss many practical advantages.
and is more easy of management
than any other that has been

Price, complete, £1 15
Stand for ditto 0 10

THE GUINEA FRAME HIVE,

With metal ends to Standard Frames, and extra space at the
sides to .idmit of chaff or other packing ; also a double quilt for
the cover and a case of 1 lb. Sections with cover are included.

Price, vnpainted. 2lB.

CATALOGUE of Improved HIVES and APPLIANCES,

with Drawings and Prices.

GEO. NEIGHBOUR & SONS,

127, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C,

and 149, REGENT STREET, LONDON, W.
Kstablished 1815.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accidents, Employer's Liability, insured against by the

RAILWAY I'ASSENGEKS' ASSUKANOE
COMPANY, 64, Comhill, London. Income, £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End OIBcc, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. j Head
Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J, VIAN, Secretary.

w

GARDENING APPOINTMENT.

Mu. W. rKTEHS, late Foreman at Latimers,
ha.s been appointed Gardener to Kus.sel Stub-
Gis, Esq., Givons Grove, Leatherhead, Surrey.

"Vr UKiSEKYMEN and MARKET GARr

X.y UENKKS. — An active experienced Man, able to take
entire charge,, and having small capital, may obtain a Share of
au Old-established Business upon beueticial terms. — Apply,
btating age, experience, and capital, to W. 1'., Norfolk
Chronicle Uttice, Kurwieh.

WANTED, a FIRST-GLASS GARDENER.
Must have a thorough knowledge of Orchids, Stove
Plants, Ferns, &c. ; the Forcing of Fruit and Vegetables, and
the gtjneral routine of Uardeuiug iu all its branches. Un-
exceptionable references as to capabilities and character indis-
pfiisable. Terms £ao per annum. Comiortable house, coals,
uii.l milk.— T. F. g. BANNATYNK. Somerville, Limerick.

/ AJNTKU, a GAKDExN EK, tor a City Square.

Good wagea will be given to a superior man, not under
.ill yeiirs of age.— Apply by lett«r to C. H., Mr. Parnell, 63,
Suiiiliauipton Kow, W.C, giving references, and confidentially
>.tatint,' present employment.

WANTED, as GARDENER, and to take
Charge of Stock iu country, a trustworthy married
Man without family. Wife as Laundress. Cottage, vege-
tables, and milk. — Write, stating wages and full particulars,
to C, Hall's Grocery Stores, Jti, Ordnance Koad, St. John's
Wood, N.W.

WAJSTKD, by the middle of August, or
later, a thorough practical Man as GENERAL PLANT
GKOWER, for a Market Nursery. Must excell in the Culture
of foinsettias, Cyclamens, and Pelargoniums. Wages, 30s.
per week, and quarterly Bonuses on results. None need apply
who cannot produce satisfactory testimouials. and preference
will be given to one who has grown for Coveut Garden. —
TL'KNEh BKOTHEKS. Flori^st^, Allerton, Liverpool.

Rose Grower. ~

WANTED, a young iMAN, who has worked
amoog Roses. One with knowledge of Inside Work
preferred. It satisfactory, situation will be permanent. Good
wages.— WM. CORP, Saudygate, Sheffield.

WANTED, a young MAN, to Propagate and
Grow Soft-wooded Stuff under the Foreman. — Apply,
stating age, wages required, and where employed, to GAKA-
WAV ANl> CO., JJurdham Down, Clifton, Bristol.

ANTED, a good UHOWEK for Market.

— Muit understand Koses, Tomatos, Cucumbers, and
Plants for Market. Must bear a good character. Abstainer
prLleired.— State wages and age to GKOWER, 41, Wellington
btrf.>i, Strand, W.C.

\\ 'ANTED, a thorough practical MAN, to

T T take charge of a Nursery, near London. Must have
t;ui.nl references. — Address, stutiug wages required, by letter
u>il>, A. B., 1^31. High Road, Lee. S.E.

WANTED, a young MAN, good general
Plant Grower, quick at fottiug. Tying, and Watering;
al^o I'KOPAGATOR, used to Ferns, Koses, and Eucharis Houses.
None need applv unless thoroughly accustomed to Nursery
Wurk.— WM. TKOL'GHTON, Nurserj-man, Preston.

WAN'TED; "at on CE, a ROSE BUDDEK.
Must be a thorough good hand, and used to Outdoor
Nursery Work. State wages expected, &c. — GEO. HAVE-
LOCK. Abbey Wood Nurseries, Belvedere, Kent.

XA/ANTED, a j'oung MAN, accustomed to

V > I'ottiug, WaleniiK, uu,l Tviiif-. Wag,-s 1S<. jlt week.
— li.lUAWAY ASD CO.. iJunlljiim Iiu«o, Clillou. llnslul.

\\/ANTED7aT UNL'E, one or two Young

T T MEN, used to Potting, Watering, and Tying for
Mr. MtPWOOD, Cowlf" """ "--■' iJ-i-lJ —
JIiddle.<ex

w

Mnrliet.— Mr. ORPWOOD, Cowley Mill Koad, Uibridge,

V\/" ANTED, a strong, active young MAN, for

T f Pleasure-grounds. One used to Scythe Work. Wages,
i;s.— Apply, stating age, H. PEKKIN, Woolpits, Ewhurst,
Guildford.

Nursery Clerk.

WANTED, a thoroughly efficient MAN.—
Apply, stating age, qualifications, salary expected,
with other particulars, NURSERY, Messrs. Jacob Wrench &
Sonn, London Bridge, London, E.C.

WANT PLACES.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c.— St. John's Nu

i^COTCH GAUDENEK8.

O —John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his List a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements. He will be pleased to
supply full particulars to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

B~S7~WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF. FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the test selections for the
different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N.

Oardeners, Under Gardeners. BalllffB, &c.

WM. CUT15U811 AND SON have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whosechnrarters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
can recommend as to abilities, &c. — Ladies and Gentlemen re-
quiring either of the abos'e can be suited with reliable, firstrclass
men by applying to Wm.Cutbush &Son, Highgate Nurseries, N.

July 9, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

65,:

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND CO., having filled many
important places, can KECOMMEND with every eonti-
dence. energetio ami practical MEN ot teated ability and
tirst-mte character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Sino-le-handei.1 situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticular by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHN LAING
AND CO.. The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Viueyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MA.N. who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments

ORCHID GROWER and GARDENER.—
J. Eyes, for several years Head Gardeuer and Orcliid
Grower to the late John Tattersall. Esq., of Quarry Bank.
Blackburn, and for the laat six years Orchid Grower and Gar-
dener to J. C. Parr, Esq., of Grappenhall, Heyes, Warrington,
is nnw open to take the Management of a Garden where there

GARDENER (Heab), or ORCHID
GRO\VER.~Age 39. married, youngest child 10 years ;
thoroughly practical. Good experience. Well recommended.
—HEAD GARDENER. Exotic Nursery. Chigwell. Essex.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 31, married;
sixteen years' good practical experience. Good clianu'ter.
— W.. 18, Hillside Grove. Southgnte. N.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, single ; has
filled a similar situation ; good testimonials* as to Fruit
and Flowers. Good references. — A. F., 27, Carlisle Place.
London, W.

ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Davies, Gar-
dener to A. O. Walker. Esq., Lead Works, Cliester, will
be pleased to recommend his Foreman, E. T. Jones^ to any
Lady or Gentleman requiringa practical Gardeuer. Two years"
cood character.- Add res.s as alK>ve.

GARDENER (Head). — Thoroughly expe-
rienced in Vines, Fruit Trees, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants. Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Eighteen years' expe-
rience. Good references and character.- RUSE, Lostwithiel.
Cornwall.

GARDENER (Head). — Married; experienced;
thoroughly qualified in all Horticultural branches.
Holder of unsurpassable testimonials.— Full particulars gladly
furnished on application to PHILLIPS. 137, Victoria Road,
Aldershot.

GARDENER (Head); married, no family.—
A Gentleman wishes to highly recommend his late
Head Gardener, John Gore, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring
the services of a thorough practical Gardener.— JOHN GORE,
Polegate. Sussex. _^

GARDENER (Head); age 30.— Mr. Ward,
Gardener to the Right Hon. Lady Emily Foley, Stoke
Edith Park. Hereford, can with confidence recommend his
Foreman, Henry Slarke, to any Nobleman or Gentleman re-
quiring the services of a thorough practical man.— Fur par-
ticulars apply as above.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 35 ; married, two
children. Twenty years' practical experience Energetic,
industrious, trustworthy, and has first-class abilities and per-
sonal character. A good Garden and Glass sought after more
than high wages. Total abstainer.- INDUSTRIOUS. F. Price.
Ewell &ad, Surbiton.

GARDENER (Head).— Married ; athorougly
practical man ; well versed in all branches, including
Orchids. Can be well recommended. Four and a half years'
good character. Abstainer. — B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office.
41. Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Married, no family ; is open to engage
with any Lady or Gentleman as above. — Mr. MERRY-
WEATHER, Tlie Nurseries. Southwell. Notts.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Age 27, single ; thoroughly expe-
rienced. Excellent character.- Z. Z., Wellington Nursery,
St. John's Wood. N.W.

G -GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
\ without family; desires re-engagement with Lady or
Gentleman requiring theservies of a good practical man. Good
references. — T.. 6, Bedford Terrace, East Finchley, N.

GARDENER (Heap Working). — Age 35,
married ; twenty years' experience in Early aud Lale
Forcing. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Management of
Land and Stock if required. Good characfj?r.— GARDENER,
2, Florence Street, Heudon^

GARDENER (Head Working).- Mr.
F0RBE9, Gardener to W. Drury Lowe. Esq.. Locke Park,
near Derby, can highly recommend his Foreman. Frederick
Beney, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical Gar-
dener. Fourteen years' experience. — Address as above.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 34.—
A Gentleman, breaking up establishment, wishes to
recommend his Gardener, who haa been with him five years, to
any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man.
Well versed in every department. Wages moderate. — J. TIM-
SON, Shirley Croft. Grantham.

GARDENER (Head Working), where three
or four are kept. — Age 28 ; eleven years" experience
in first-class establishments, and understands Vines, Peaches,
Melons. Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and
Kitchen Gardens, &c. — R. B., The Gardens. Highams,
Bagshot, Sxirrey.

GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
handed).— Married ; thorough in itarly and Late
Forcing, Fruits. Flowers. Vegetables, &c. Stt-ady, trust-
worthy. Present place eight aiid a half years as Head.— H.,
19. Bonsall Road, West Derby. Liverpool.

GARDENER.— A Gentleman wishes to find
a place for a Gardener who has been in his service many
years. Industrious, sober, and honest. Excellent at Kitchen
Garden Work.— D. JANSON, Esq.. Northfield. Chislehurat.

GARDENER (Working); age 49.— £10 per
cent, from first year's salary offered for an introduction
to a permanent situation by a well-known Working Gardener.
Highly recommended by late employers fcr ability, probity,
and perseverance. Southwards essential. — GARDENER,
9. Warwick Road, Stratford-on-Avon.

GARDENER (Single-handep, or where
another is kept). — Age 21, single ; good experience, and
five years' good character.- W. HESTER, Tnrville, Henley-on-
Thames. Oxon.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed).
— Age2.'>; ten years' exjierience in all branches of the
profession. Good character.— McLAREN, Purbrook Park,
Coshiim. Hants.

GARDENER (good Second). — Age 26,
single ; accustomed to Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Forcing. &c. Three years' character from last place. — A. M..
Fairview Cottage, Garfield Street. Bedford.

GARDENER (Second), where cottage
or rooms are found preferred. — Young, married. —
F. R. F.. 3. Vernon Cottages. College Street, Putney. S.W.

G

ARDENER (Second), in Pleasure or

Kitchen, or botli combined.— Age 2^; good references,
years' experience.— IJ. WELCH, Stanlopo Koad, North

GARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.— Age
22 ; can be well recommended.— W. NORMAN, Weobley,
Herefordshire^

GARDENER (Under), in Kitchen Garden,
anil to assist in the houses.— Age 21 ; good -Mower.
Two years'good character. — J., 29. Canterbury Road, Folkestone.

GARDENER (Under, in large establishment.
—Age 24 ; good references.- FRED. NEVILLE, near
Gas Works. Bishop's Stortford. Herts.

GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out, in
large or small establishment. — Age 24 ; four years' good
character.— G. W., Mr. Wilkins, Layhamea, Hayes, Becken-
ham, Kent.

GARDENER (Under), in the Houses.—
Age lil ; used to Inside and Out. Four years' experi-
ence. Two years' good character. — D. Y.. W. H. Broom,
12. Richmond Crescent. Barnsbury. London, N.

To Nurserymen and Market Growers.

FOREMAN, or LEADING MAN.— Age 28;
experienced Fruit and Vegetable Grower, expert Budder
and Grafter. General routine of Nursery Work. Good Sales-
man. Highly recommended —J. SPONG, The Gardens, Lindis-
farne, Bournemouth^

FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age llt^ '
twelve years' good experience. Can be well recommended*
Abstainer.— Present address, WILLIAM MOYES. Cargreen
Hall. Cornwall.

FOREMAN. — Age 26; ten years' experience in
Fruit and Plant Houses. Good testimonials. Two years
in last place as Foreman.— G. MARSH, 46, Woolcot Street,
Redland, Bristol.

FOREMAN, in a Private Establishment. — Age
24 ; well up in the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse
Plants ; also Early and Late Forcing of Flowers, Fruit, and
Vegetables. Has a good knowledge of Orchids. Can be well
recommended. — F, B., 11. Asliburnham Road, Chelsea, S.W.

FOREMAN (Working), Outdoors.— Alpha
desires re-engagement; well up in Eoses, Fruits, Conifers,
and general Nursery Work. Excellent references. Fifteen
years^ experience.— Coffee House. Powick. Worcester.

OREMAN (Working). — Experienced.

Well up in Growing Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos,
Ctioice Cut Flowers, Plants, Pelargoniums. Bouvardias,
Cyclamens, and Ferns for Market or otherwise.— E. TULLETT,
Horeham Road, by Hawkhurst. Sussex.

ARKET NURSERY FOREMAN.— Prac-

tical and successful Propagator and Grower of Hard
and Soft-wooded Stuff, Ferns. Early and Late Forcing, Lilies.
&c. Good references from late and former employer.— F. D.,
20, Blurton Road. Lower Clapton, E.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR, or MANAGER.
— Through long experience well acquainted with all
branches of Horticulture.- PHILLIP, 23, Chichester Road,
Northend. Portsmouth.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Age 30;
fifteen years' experience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Tomatos and Cucumbers. Market Nursery preferred.— -T. B.,
7, Reform Terrace, Park Lane. Tottenham, London.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER, or FORE-

MAJJ, in a small Nursery. — Age 28, married ; fourteen
years' experience. Good references.— H. EDEN, 2, Westley
Brook Cottages, Warwick Road. Acock's Green.

G^ ROWER, or ASSISTANT, of Vines, Peaches,
T Cucumbers, Tomatos, &('. Eleven years' experience
in three first-class establishments. Can be well recommended.
—J. CLARK, The Hardwicks, Caldecot. Chepstow, Mon.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
Age 23 ; can be well recommended.— (J. GREEP, Green-
cliff, Milton, Horrabridge, South Devon.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.-
Age 22 ; five years' experience. Good knowledge of Fruits
and Flowers. Three years* character in last situation. —
CHARLES SMITH, Smolley, Derby.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a
good Garden estabU.shment. — Age 22 ; eight years' expe-
rience. Two years in present place. Highly recommended. —
F. PRICE, Ewell Road, Surbiton.

JOURNEYMAN (First). — Age 23; nine

fj years' experience Inside and Out. Excellent character
and references from previous employers. — J. SIMPSON,
Aldborough, Borobridge, Yorkshire.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 2f ;
good references.— G. BEECHER, Havering Park, near
Romford. Essex.

JOURNEYMAN; age 22.— Mr. Biggs, The
Gardens, Garnatone. Weubley, Herefordshire, wishes to
recommend a young man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21;
six years' experience. Good character. — HEAD GAR-
DENER. Westbury Manor. Brackley.

JOURNEY'MAN, in the Houses, in a good
establishment.— Age 22.— W. HARRIS, The Quarter,
Staplehurst, Kent.

JOURNEYMAN (Outdoors).— Mr. Clarkk,
Gardener to W. H. Pole Carew, Esq,, Antony House,
Devonport, can recommend a first-class man as such.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Second
in a small place. — Age 23; good ciiaracter. Total
abstainer.~W. CLEAVLAND. 14. Belsize Park Terrace, Belsize
Lane, Hampstead, N.W.

TMPROVER; age I'J.— Mr. Goabing, Weald

-L Hall Gardens, Brentwood, wishes to recommend a strong
intelligent youth. Four years' experience and reference.
Moderate Premium.

''PC NURSERYMEN and MARKET

_L GARDENERS.— Advertiser, age 27, married, requires a
situation in tlie Houses or Outride. Fourteen years' practical
experience in Nursery and Market Work. — Apply, G. S., 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

TO NURSERYMEN and MARKET
GROWERS. —Wanted by a young man (age 21), tax
engagement. Experienced in Soft-wooded Propagation, Potting,
&e. Industrious and sober. Can be well recommended. —
RU. LAWRENCE, Royal Nurseries, Merriott.

ANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN. —

Wanted, by competent Seedsman, Florist, and Book-
keeper, engagement as Manager or Head Shopman. Thirteen
years' experience with leading firms in every department.
First-class references. Age liB, married.— CORNUTA, Hillside,
Canterbury Grove. West Norwood, S.E.

SEED TRADE.— Situation wanted by a Gentle-
man, with thorough knowledge of Agricultural Seeds
and General Office Work.— SEEDSMAN, Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; live years'

kJ experience. Good general knowledge of the Seed Trade
in all its branches.— .JN(». i'EKKlNS and SON, Northampton.

To Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

BOOK-KEEPEii. — Wanted, by a man of much
experience, a position as Book-keeper. Highest refer-
ences as to ability, stability, and integrity. — J. B., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, WeUingtou Street, Strand, W.C.

TNVOICE CLERK.— The Advertiser (age 22)

-L seeks situation as above, or no objection to Assist in General
Office Work. Eight years' experience. — T. JUDD, Windmill
Street. Cheshunt, N.

''PO FLuRISTS.— Wanted a situation in a good

-L Florist Shop. Thoroughly experienced in Plants, Cut
Flowers, Wreath and Bouquet Making. Age 24. Eight years'
experience. First-class testimonials. — LOVEDAY, Woodbine,
Victoria Road, Worthing.

''I'^O SEEDSMEN, &c.— Wanted a situation in

JL a Seed Shop. Six years' experience. Fully versed in
Garden and Field Seeds, Making-up Flowers, and the Fancy
Trade.--G. PIERPOINT, 18, Railway Street. Lancaster.

PACKER (Second or Under), in a large
Nursery. — Well up in Basket, Bundle, and Packing Cases
for Exportation. Some years with Cranston's Nursery and
Seed Company (Limited).— H. W., Mrs. Heale, 86, Whitecross
Road, Hereford.

'-po ESTATE OWNERS.— Wanted, by a

_1_ young Man, situation as Painter, Glazier, Grainer, &c..

Street, Strand, W.C.

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS. — Indigestion and
Liver Complaints. — The digestion cannot be long or
seriously disordered without the derangement being percep-
tible on the countenance. These Pills prevent both uupleasant
consequences ; they improve the appetite, and with the
increase of desire for food they augment the powers of diges-
tion and assimilation in the stomach. Holloway's Pills deal
most satisfactorily with deranged or diseased conditions of the
many organs engaged in extracting nourishment for our bodies
from our various diets — as the liver, stomach and bowels, over
all of which they exercise the most salutary control. By
resorting at an early stage of this malady to these purifying
and laxative Pills, the dyspeptic is speedily restored to health
and strength, and his sallowness gradually vanishee.

64

TSE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 9, 1887.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The ubove are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
posat-ss one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together \vith wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0
12feet long, 4 feet wide, ,. ,. ., 4 15 0

ti feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, .. 3 \o 0

\2 feet long, 5 feet wide 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Eugiueers,
ROYAL HORTICULTI'RAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedaman, &c.,

2, Holloway Eoad, N.

SILVESTER'S PATENT STEEL TRENTHAM BOILER.

Hot- water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

SADDLE, VERTICAL, and OTHER
BOILEBS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &C.

All kinds of HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS erected complete.

HYDBATTLIC BAMS AND PUMPING MACHINERY FOB ALL PtTBPOSES.

STABLE and HARNESS ROOM FITTINGS, ENGINES, BOILERS, and MACHINERY.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

CONTBACTOBS TO HEB MAJESTY'S WAB DEPABTMENT.

THE Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" HOTWATER," LONDON).
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

with Waterway End.

From 20 inches to 66 inches long.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, AND CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, 11 th Edition, price Is.

Price LIST on application Free.
HOT-WATER AND HOT-AIR APPARATUS

ERECTED COMPLETE, OR THE MATERLVL SUPPLIED,

PATENT RELIANCE ROTARY
VALVES.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Fbom

To

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellinqton Stebbt, Strand,
LONDON, W.C.

1887.

Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for

Months,

commencing

_, for which I enclose P. 0.0.

gj^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance.

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, lbs. ; 6 Months, 7s. M. ; 3 Months, 3s. Qd. ; Po8l>free.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. &d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19*. 6d.

Receipts for lesa than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P. 0.0. to he

at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

O. C.
July 9, 1887.

Editorial Communications should bo addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the OIBoe, 41, Wellington Street, Oovent Qanien. London. W.C.
Printed by William RloaABDS, at the Office of Messrs. BBiDBUBy, Ao.-(KW 4 Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
said WmuM BloaABDS, at the Offloe, 41, Wellington Street, Parish ot St. Paul's, Co»ent Garden, in the said County.— SAXOBOAX, July B, 1887. Agent for Manchester— JoHS HErwooD.

Established i84i

No. 29.-VOL. II. gi^Z}

SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1887.

/Regt. as a Newspaper, f Price 3d.

\WITH SUPPLEMENT.\ P08T-FSEB, 3H.

CONTENTS.

I Hardy plants, stray notes

ChamEerops Fortune!

Cirrbopetalum Lendya-

Codooopais ovata .

Coelogyne c

Copt Hail

Daisies, double Ox-eye ...

Dendrobium purpureum

candidulum

Ferns and their varieties,

, the

Forestry

,. School of 79

Fruits under glass ... 77
Gardeners'OrphanFund.eS. 80

Gardening appointments 90

Goodrich Court, notes at . 81

Hatfield 79

Illustrations.

Bouquet, the Jubilee. (See Supplement.)

Coelogyne corj'mbosa

Hatfield House

,, peristyle, or piazza garden

„ avenue of trained Yews

„ Oakgat

,, vineyard at

Nail-gall on Lime trees

Vase, Imperial Prize

Inventions, new

Kitchen garden, the

Lychnis, hybrid

Odontoglossum -f- eua5<
trum

Orchid-hoxises

Orchids, Indian

Origanum Tournefortii ..
Peeonies and Delphiniumt

Plants and their culture
Societies r —

Bath Floral Fete

Braintree

Brighton and Sussex ..

Crystal Palace Rose ..

National Rose

Reigate Ro!*e

Royal Caledonian

Royal Horticultural ..
Technical education
Watering plants, th

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE. 1887.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

HIGHGATE HORTICULTURAL
SOCEETY.
The ANNUAL FLOWER SHOW vnW be held (by permission
of the Baroness Burdett-Coutts) in the Grounds of Holly Lodge,
Highgate. N., on THURSDAY. July 21.

Admission :— From 1 o'clock till 3 o'clock, 2s. Gd. ; from
3 o'clock till 5 o'clock, Is. ; from 5 o'Clock till 8 o'Clock, 6(f.
Children half-price.

Two Bands in attendance. Refreshments on the Grounds.

OYAL JUBILEE EXHIBITION,

Manchester.
A GRAND ROSE SHOW will be held on FRIDAY, July 22.
For Schedules. &c.. apply to the undersigned.
BRUCE FINDLAY. Royal Botanical Gardens, Manchester.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

ASSOCIATION.
The EIGHTH GRAND SUMMER EXHIBITION of PLANTS,
FLOWERS. FRUIT, and VEGETABLES, will be held in Sefton
Park, on SATURDAY, July 30, and Bank Holiday, AUGUST 1.
Entries Close July 23. Schedules of Prizes can be had on appli-
cation to

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE HORTI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY.
GREAT SUMMER SHOW, Delapre Park. Northampton,
AUGUST 1 (Bank Holiday).— TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY
POUNDS in PRIZES. For best Twelre Plants. «I6, £10, £.5,
£2 105. Central group for conservatory decoration, £9, £6,
£2 10s. Twenty-four Roses, £3, £_>, £1. Entries close July 20.
Schedules and full particulars from
W. B. TROUP, Secretary. Northampton.

SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
SUMMER SHOW (open to all), AUGUST 17 and 18.
Twenty Plants, £25, £20. £15. Collection of Fruit, £10, £6.
£3. For Grapes, £44. Collection of Vegetables, 8 sorts, £5,
£3, £2, £1. Schedules and full particulars from
Messrs. ADNTTT ahd NAUNTON, Shrewsbury, Hon. Sees,

MATLOCK BATH HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
The SIXTEENTH ANNUAL EXHtBITION, SATURDAY,
August 13. £16, £10, £5, for Group of Miscellaneous Plants,
arranged for effect (250 feet). £2. £1, lOi., 8 dishes Fruit.
£2, £1, lOj.. 4 bunches Grapes ; £.■> 5s. for other Grapes; and
other good Prizes in open class. For Schedules apply,

A. CLARK, Matlock Bath.

PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS.
Finest collection of named kinds.

We have a few thousands of the finest strain, our own seed-
lings, and it is almost certain some will prove far beyond any-
thing before seen, as they are all from our well-known hybrid-
ised seed. Unapproached sorts.

PRIMULAS, U. Gd. per dozen. 11*. per 100; in pots, 16s.
per 100.

CINERARIAS. Is. per dozen. 7s. per 100; in pots, 12i. per 100.
H. CANNELL and SONS. The Home of Flowers, Swanley. Kent.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.—
Eighteenth year of distribution. Williams' Superb
Strain, Is. 6d. per dozen ; 10s. per 100. CINKRAItlAS, same
price. Package and carriage free. Volonte Nationale alba,
the best winter white PELARGONIUM, strong rooted plants.
Is. each.

JOHN STEVENS. The Nurseries, Coventry.

A Few Large Healtli7

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica. Seaforthia elegans,
Chamserops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill, London, N.

E L W A Y T^ SON,

KELWAY-S "MODEL" CALCEOLARIA.
KEL WAY'S "MODEL" CINERARIA.
Price of Seed on application.
Langport, Somerset.

K

Fancy and Show Fansles and Violas.

JOHN DOWNIE (late of the Firm of Downie
& Laird) invites inspection of his magnificent collection
of the above at his Beechill Nursery, Murrayfield, Edinburgh.
Quality only grown.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The Tery best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN. Jr., Breslau, Germany.

The New Raspberry !

LORD BEACONSEIELU.— A Seedling.
Finest Raspberry and best cropper in England. First-
class Certificate awarded by the Roval Horticultural Society.
1883. Now to be seen in full fruit. Fruitery 2J miles from
Kintbury Station, G.W.R. Nurserv'men and Gardeners are in-
vited to an inspection.— A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen, Hungerford.

EACHES ! NECTARINES ! GRAPES ! &c.

— Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and
well packed fruit of above.— WISE and RIDES. Covent Garden.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 286. 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C.. are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxesand Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION. SIDCUP."

WANTED, a few CAMELLIAS of Alba
Plena and Fimbriata. good healthy plants, from 3 to
4 feet through, and 4 to 5 feet high, well furnished and set
with bud to top of pot. State lowest price. Delivered free at
Chichester Station.— To GARDENER. Wood End. Chichester.

WANTED, Large PALMS, TREE FERNS,
and other large ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGED PLANTS,
in EXCHANGE for ORCHIDS or OTHER PLANTS. Send full
particulars to

The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

To Potato Growers and Others.

WANTED, as soon a.s ready, a quantity of
New Crop VICTOR POTATOS— must be quite true.
State probable quantity to offer, and lowest price for cash,
delivered in London.

VICTOR, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Primula cUnense, fl. albo-pleno.

DOUBLE "WHITE PRIMUL A.—
From small pots. 30x. per 100 ; from pans, pricked off,
well-rooted cuttings. 20s. Free to any railway station in the
United Kingdom. Good arrival guaranteed. Price for larger
quantities on application.

H. DAMMANN. Jr.. Breslau, Germany.

ORCHIDS. — A Clergyman in the Khassiah
Hills. Assam, can send DENDROBIUMS, CYPRIPEDI-
UMS, COELOGYNES. VANDA CCERULEA, &c., at rea-sonable
rates.— Address, The CHAPLAIN, Shillong, Assam, India.

RIMULAS, Double White, tine plants, 40«.
per 100. BOUVARDIAS, in eight best sorts, good, 30». per
100. TREE CARNATION'S, good bushy stuff, of A. Alega-
tiSre (scarlet) and Miss Joliffe (best pink), 30i. per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.

PRIMULA, Double White, 5s. per dozen,
35j. per 100.
Price for quantities on application.
Terms, Cash with Order.
TAYLOR AND CO., Nurserymen. Timperley. Cheshire.

Ferns— Fems-Fems.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pota, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS," LONDON.

New Boses In Pots.

LIST of the most select sorts now ready,

Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of best sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality.
SAMPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in 5-inch pot9. carefully

packed for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 155.
HALF a DOZEN ditto, on receipt of 85.
EWDIG AND CO.,
Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hampshire.

Camellias. Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orclilds,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseeyman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wbolesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD A.\D SON. 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars. London, E.C.

Cheap Hothouse Fruit.

PEACHES and NECTARINES, 6s. per dozen.
Hamburgh GRAPES, 3j. per pound; White Muscats,
4j. per pound. Fine fruit. Families supplied any distance.
Terms cash with order.
W. ROWE. Gardener, Sawston, near Cambridge.

STRAWBERRIES for Forcing.— W. Lovel
tc Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, 3i.— W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

To tlie Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

To Orchid Growers.

A JOHNSON AND CO., as, Leadenhall Street,
• London, are offering splendid PEAT, in fact no better
obtainable. Samples can be seen at above address, or forwarded
on application if required.

EAT, LOAM, SAND, &c.— Splendid Brown

Fibrous PEAT (full of fibre), 9s. per vard ; Yellow Fibrous
LOAM (best in England), 10s. per ton; SILVER SAND (coarse
and fine), 10s. per ton. Each in truckloads. COCOA-NUT
FIBRE REFUSE, 20s. per large truckload. Send for List.
BRINKWORTH and SONS, Reading.

lELD AND HEARSON'S NICOTYL

VAPORISER. For the Destruction of Aphis, &.C.,
WITHOUT SMOKE. CATALOGUE post-tree.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S., 75i, Queen Victoria Street,
E.C. ; Dep6t, Swan Ptace, Old Kent Road, S.E.

66

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JuLT 16, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 7448.)
OXCIDIUM M.VC'KlNTlirM.— RECEIVED DIKECT.

MR. J. C. STEVKNS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms. ;1S, King Street, Covent Garden.
W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, July 21, at liall-pist 12 o'clock
precisely, some splendid pieces of ONOIDIUM MACRAN-
THU.M (the best known variety), collected and sent home by
Mr. F. C. Lehmann, just received in fine condition ; aWo an
importation ot I,.SLIA DAYANA, L. PERRINII, ONCIBIUM
ROGERSIl, O. CRISPUIM, SOPHRONITIS, and other BRA-
ZILIAN ORCHIDS, received direct ; about 100 lots otOKCIIIDS
in FLOWER and BUD. including many fine varieties, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.

CATTLEYA DOWIANA.

CATTLEYA SKINNERI.

Received direct for unreserved Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include in their SALE on TUESDAY NEXT, July Hi. at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, eleven Cases of the above.

Friday Next.

CATTLEYA MOSSI.^;,
CATTLEYA DOWIANA,
CATTLEYA SKINNERI.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and tiS, Cheapside. E.C., on
FRIDAY' NEXT, July 22, at Half-past 12 o'clock precisely,
A splendid importation of CATTLEYA MOSSI/E, collected

in the best district from whence come the finest
the plants have arrived in excellent order, are well leaved, and
of fine shape. Also a very fine lot of the extremely beautiful
and rare CATTLEYA DOWIANA, with sound dormant eyes ;
this valuable Orchid is now very scarce in its native habitat.
Fine importations of CATTLEYA SKINNERI will also be
offered; also La'lia purpurata, Cattleya Dormaniana, C. inter-
media, Oiicidiuin M:irsliallianum, Cattleya superba splondens,
Oncidiuni iia|.iln) iinjiis. O. varicosum Rogersii, Zygopetalum
ro»tratiiin. Sfaiiii.ipi.;! ^ppcies, and many other Orchids.
(ill M, « m.inuiisr of Sale, and Cat;ilugm-9 had.

Flowering OrcWds. Special Sale, July 26.

MES.'-iRS. I'KOTUEUOK and MORRIS
a.jstri. tf..itiiiounoi- tli:it th.-ir NEXl' .Sl'ECIAL SALE ot
ORCHIDS in Flower or Hiid will take place on TUESDAY.
July 2ii. for which they will be glad to RECEIVE NOTICE of
E.NTRIES as early as posssble.

Dutch Bulbs.

IMPORTANT to the TRADE.

MESSES. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to notify that thev have now arranged to conduct
their usual SALES of DUTCH BULBS during the coming season.
The first six Sales (as in former years), will consist of lots
specially made up to suit the Trade and other Large Buyers.
Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

•Mi'\ oth.-rs.
RIBGWAT HOUSK and utlier FREEHOLD PROPERTY in
tlie Parish of Cradley, near to Malveru, being about 6 milos
from Malvern, 5 from Colwall, 6 from Bromyard, and lu
from Worcester.

MESSRS. GATES, PERRENS, and AVOOLD-
RIDGEarefavour..: ■--..;...,-■■ .-■...■,- .:.,i -^ |.v ■- m-Iv
disposed of by Private Tr. . : i \ ■ . . ■'- 7 .■: |. r

of the mortgagee of thr !:ii M ' ■ : ; . ■ '■' ■ t

Street, Worcester, on W I P M -; M i . \ .. ■■.-i .;, !--,.>■ i st .>
o'clock, subject to conaiti-.ns, tlu- luiiuwnig vaiaai.i.- !■ KEE-
HOLD PROfERTIES. viz.;—.

Lot 1. — RIUGWAY HOUSE, with Gardens. Hothouses,
Cottle, Orchard, Outbuildings, and Appurteuances, situate
on th* road from Worcester to Hereford, and comprising an
area sf 2 acre^ and 2Q Perches, in the occupation of Mr. J. W.
Webb. The House !«tand.s amidst charming scenery, command-
ing Bplendid views of the Malvern Range, and comprises 2
Reception Rooms, 6 Bedrooms, and suitable Domestic Offices.
Th« Hothouses consist of a large Peach House, 150 by 30 feet,
with span roof ; Fig House, 33 feet 9 inches by 16 feet 6 incheu ;
long range of Vineries, 150 by ISfeet, in three divisions ; small
Coniervatory ; Peach House, adjoining the back of the Dwelling
Houm; 3 Forcing Pita, 4H ft. 6 in. by 8 ft., and 1« by 10 feet
respectively, and used for Tomatos; Tomato House. 8:jft. 6 in.
by 13 ft. 6 in., and a large Workshop with glass roof, used for
growing Peaches. The whole of the Hothouses and Pits are of
recent erection, in good order, and are heated with a complete
Byatem of Hotwatcr Apparatus, provided with Boilers in dupli-
cate and stack. The Soil of this locality has been proved to be
especially adapted for the Growing of Grapes and Stone Fruit,
and the fruit from the houses on this lot has in recent years
been amongst the finest that has been sent to the London and
other markets. The Vines, Peaches, Figs, and Tomatos have
all been vory carefully trained by the present tenant, and there
is an abundant show of fruit. The Kitchen Garden Is well
stocked with all sorts of Vegetables and Fruit Trees. There is
also a Cottage and small Paddock adjoining the Kitchen Garden,
and OB the opposite side of the road are Coach House and
Stabling, Cow Sheds, Lime House, Barn, and other Out-
buildings; also a small Orchard.

Lot 2.— a 4-room COTTAGE, with Bakehouse, also a large
Garden and Field of Meadow Land and Orchard, comprising in
nil an area of f* acres and 21 perches, situate near the road from
Worcester to Hereford, near Lot 1, and let to Mr. Griffiths at a
rent of £18 per annum. This Land would make grand Straw-
berry Bed-*.

For particulars and further information apply to Messrs.
CORSER AND WALKER, Solicitors, Stourbridge; or the Auctio-
neers, Angel Place, Worcester; also Stourbridg..' andDroitwich.

TO GARDENERS and Others.— For SALE, a
smallNURSERY.wellstocked.emilesfromCoventGarden,
cheap.— LAKE, Vineries, North umber) and Park, Tottenham.

FOR SALE, a good established SEED and
NURSERY BUSINESS in Yorkshire. There is a large
and profitable Farm and Market Garden Seed Businrs-H done,
as well as a Branch Shop at Scarborough. To a practical
businessman with capital this is a rare opportunity. If not
Disposed of, a suitable PARTNER may be taken.

For full particulars, &c., address, S., Messrs. Hurst & Son,
Houndsditch, London, E.C. ; or to BLACK and DUGGLEBY,
Mai ton.

FOR DISPOSAL, through ill-heath, a good
MARKET NUKSEBY with Cottage, containing about
2J Acres, situate in Lyncombe Vale, Bath. The Glass and
Stock to be taken at a valuation. A Lease will be granted. A
good connection for Cut Flowers.

Address, Mr. R. ALEXANDER, Seedsman, &c., Greenway
Lane, Bath.

FOR SALE, in consequence of Mr. Imrie's
death, the old-established and well-known NURSERY
BUSINESS so successfully carried on for upwards of sixty
years at Ayr. The Grounds extend to about 40 Acres, adjoin-
ing the Railway Station, and are well stocked with saleable
Trees and Shruba. Further particulars on application td
IMRIK AND COMPANY. The NurNeri--*. Ayr. N.B.

To Cut Flower and Fruit Growers and Nurserymen.
^yo JIK SOLD or LET, a capital BUSINESS,

JL in the best part of the Midlands, (iood House nnd I 'ut-
bnildings, :i^ acres of Land, and about 60ii0 feet of Gla^'-lion'-f'^,
all fully stocked and in full profit— a really good openiiit;; fur ;l
man with moderate capital, — Apply to B., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

'^PO RE LET, OFFICES, or the UPPER

To Florists.

TO BE LET, for the Culture and Exhibition
of Flowers and Plants under Glass, an extensive area of
LAND adjoining Kennington Park, in front of South Place and
NewingtoQ Terrace.

Apply to Messrs. MEYNELL Aia> PEMBERTON, Solicitors.
20, Whitehall Place, S.W.; or, to Mes-nrs. BRIANT AND SONS.
Estate Agents, 200, Kennington Park Road. S.E.

"^rO LET, the extensive GLASS HOUSES at

-L CastUdvkes (within a mile of Dumfries), well stocked
with timp.-H." I'.Mrh.-i, N.-i !.;iriin-i. Fig-;, Tomatos, and vi-ry
vaUiabh- Fluu-.T-. Kutrv, Awjnst 15.

AjipK lu UriiJI MACGKEGOR, Dumfries, N.B.

pROTIIEROE AND MORRIS, Hohticul-

X TURAL MaBKET GARDEN and ESTATE AUCTIONEEKS and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., and at Leytoii-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

THE NURSERY AND SEED TRADE

ASSOCIATION (Limited).

RATING OF NURSERIES.

AT a MEETING of NURSERYMEN and
MARKET GARDENERS held on .Tan.- l's. ]s,^7. at the
Horticultural Club, London, it was dei-i'i'>'l '•• i ^\-- mi.)i -ti^ps
as might be nece-isary for the purpose ol' ■' . ( ■••n

in the amounts at which Nurseries and -M - ir(-

assessed, and also of obtaining a bnsi^ nn . i ■ ' --.--*-

ments should be mndi'- \ ('''iimnft , . : ■• iIh-

purpose of carrying thi- ■!' ■ - ■ ■ ■ ' ■ ; \\ i^

started to meet the n- - .■ . I ' ;ii ,il

present consist of Mr. l;i i u ■ '^^ ■■;'...■ . ^1 , . I:, -^ . i ; i -".[■■p-
perton), Mr. BunyaiU' uH-^^'i-'.-ui.. ■. -Mr. Immi.l.-^ ,i'.n]i>_-ls
Brothsrs, Norwich), Mr. HAV.viis (I'-ngp). Mr. Hursman
(Bradford). Mr. LoWE (Uxbridge), Mr. PEARSON (Chilwell),
Mr. SaARMAN (Carter & Co.. London), Mr. VeitcH (Veitch
& Sons. Chslsea), and Mr. J. Wood Ingram (Huntingdon).
Gentlemen who are willing to join the Comjuittee or to
Subscribe to the Guarantee Fund (such guarantee not to
exceed £10) will please communieat© with the Secretary, Mr.
F. C. GOODCHILD, 25, Old Jewry, London, E.C.

Begonias a Speeialty.

LAING'S BEGONIAS.— Awarded the Jubilee
Gold Medal at Manchester, and two Gold Medals by the
Royal Horticultural Society previously, also 26 First-class
Certificates this season, to our novelties, being evidence of
quality. Descriptive Price LIST free on application.
JOHN L.VING and CO., Thr Nur«^ri»s. Forest Hill. S.E.

Hyacintlis, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &;c.

CG. VAN TUBERG!':N, .lun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATAL(»GUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Mes-srs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

A LADY, having no further use for a Stove,
wishes to DISPOSE OF the undermentioned SPECIMEN
PLANTS:—! Clerodendron splendens, 1 Allamanda Hender-
soni, 1 Dipladenia boliviensis, 1 Jasminum gracillimum.
1 Asparagus plumosus nanus, 8 Clerodendron Balfourii, 1 Me-
dinitla magnitica, 3 Stephanotis tloribunda, 3 Pandanus
Veitchii, 3 Hymenocallis macrostephana, 3 Cocos Weddelliana,
1 Cissus discolor, 3 Pancratium fragrans. 2 Ardisia crenulata.
1 Uymnogramma Alstoni, 1 G. peruvianum, 1 Ixora Colei,
60 Caladiums, named, including several new varieties. Also
small plants of Crotona, Dractenas. and Plumbago coccinea
superba. —Full particulars can be had by applying to GAR-
DENER, Ospringe House, Faversham, Kent.

" ' C IR WATKIN ' ia the best and largest Nar- "

Kj " ciss, also deliciously scented. Special prices also "
" of ■ Emperor ' Narciss, and all other Flowering Bulbs on "
" applit^ation."

JAfi. DICKSON & SONS. " Newton " Nurseries. Chester.

QA A(^A CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^V'v/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the llowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5i-in''h pota, 2s. 6d.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

CAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect

^^ House, Belper, Derbyshire, begs to offer the followiug, of
which he makes a Specialty : —

PRIMULAS — PRIMULAS — PRIMULAS. — Grand Premier
Prize and Covent Garden strains of the finest new colours, as
Pure White, Carmine. Rose. Salmon, Crimson, &c. Fine largo
trasses and beautifully fringed flowers ; strong plants, to bloom
well, Is. 3rf.perdoz; extra strong. Is. 6(i.; 9s. per 100. All free.

CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS. — Bull's
celebrated prize strain, dwarf, compact habit and most
brilliant colours ; cannot possibly be excelled. Good plants,
Is. 3t£ per dozen ; extra strong. Is. tjrf. ; 9s. per 100. All free.

CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN. — Same grand
strain and from the same celebrated growers that I have sent
out for the last twenty years, but with all the latest improve-
ments in colour, size, form, and habit, lyearold plants, is.€d.
per dozen ; extra strong, 2s, ; 10s. per 100. All carriage free.
SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Belper.

CARTERS'

BRILLIANT PRIZE pINERARIA.

SilrrrMi lalRojal Botanic

1883
1883

Lirg. Hrtii/eMrljl UojalButj!
HNtST AnXFU bEED.

Fxtra and Second Prize,

Crystal Palace

Large Bronze Medal, Royal

Botanic Society

Binksnn Medal, Royal

Hcrtii ultural Society ...

I iiiksi 111 Medal, Royal

ultural Society ... 1886

bOLiety 1885

Evpry Shade of Colour.

1884

1884

Price is 6d , 23. 6d , 3s. 6d & 53. pkt., post-free.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

"HARTLAND'S"irisii Grown DAFFODILS.

CORK, IRELAND.

EullN and List^ now ready. Wholesale rind Retail Otters.

GRAND BULBS of "GIANT IRISH PRINCEPS,"

for Forcing. Groivu on maiden loam.

A NNO UN CEMEN T.

Extract from a report of H. Cannell & .Sons'

Nurseries, in last week's Gardeners' Maf/azine: — ■

'* At Swanley we find all the greatest features for which the

Nurseries have long been famous fully maintained, and new

ones in process of development.

*' At the present time there are marvellous displays of
PELARGONIUMS, GLOXINLAS, BEGONIAS, and VER-
BENAS under glass, and in the open the quarters devoted to
ROSES, DEtPHINtUMS, HERBACEOUS PEONIES,
VIOLAS, BEDDING PLANTS, and HARDY HERBACEOUS
PLANTS, of which the collection is remarkable for its extent
and completeness, are immensely attractive. All lovers of
/lowers will find a hatrti/ reception."

He Best Manure for aU Horticultural Purposes Is

RI C H A K 1) MANN and (J O, ' S
UNIVERSAL FERTILISER.
It is the most effective and permanent fertiliser in the
market. We have taken over 1000 First Prizes for Plants,
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables gro\vn with this Manure. lu
tins. 1.!. ; bags, 7 lb., 2s. id. ; 14 lb., 4s. 6rf. ; 28 lb., 7s. M.;
56 lb., 12s. <od. ; 112 lb., 20s., all carriage paid. We also
supply finest quality Fish Guano, pure Dissolved Bones, and
Crushed Bones, in 1 cwt. bags. 10s., carnage paid. Dr.
Voetcker's Analysis guaranteed. Cosh with order.

RICHARD MANN AND CO., Howden, East Yorkshire.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

(Pi

'Ma

iGt

ADVERTISING AGENTS.

169, PICCjVBILLY,
London, W.,
RECErVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London. Provincial,
Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre-
pared to open accounta with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.

Special advantages to Large Advertisers.

Established IS.'^O.

Only Address— 169, PlcciDILLY, London, W.

Jui-T 16, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

67

GARDENERS^ ORPHAN FUND.

Donations and Subscriptions already Promised or Sent.
FOURTH LIST.

Clarke, J,, Grardener, Thome's House, Wakefield
Clark, R. A., Flaneswood, Sevenoaks
Clarke, W., Grdiir.,Be33borough, Piltown, Ireland
Cox. A. R., Hardener, Elm Hall, Wavertree.

Liverpool

Calthorpe, J. A., Gardener, Sunimerville.Dunmore

Eaat, Waterford, Irelaad

Colo. G. T., Gardener, Charters, Suiminghill Vil-
lage, Ascot

Culverwell, W., Gardener, Thorpe Perrow, Bedalt
Clissold, Ot^H., The Nurseries, Haverstock Hill ...
Dowding. fl.. Gardener, Little Gaddesdeu House,

Great Berkhampstead

Donnelly, E., Gardener, Hinderton.Neston, Chester

Dixon, M. K.. Gardener, Sejirles, Uckfield

Denning, C, Gardener. Holme Lacy, Hereford ...
Dick, W., Gardener, Cattle Dobb3, Carrickfergus...
Downing, H,, Gardener, Norbury Park, Dorking...
Davis, H., Gardener, Fairlawu House, Chiswick ...
Day. E. J., Grdur., Banwell Castle, Somersetshire
Dilly, T.. Gardener. Endecliffe Hall. Sheffield

Doherty, T., Gardener, Wroxton, Banbury

Davidson, A., Cavingall. Longside, Aberdeen
Dingle, W., Gardener, Kodbliaton Hnll. Penkridge
Divers, W., Gardener, Wierton House.Maitistone...
Dight, A., Gardener, Abbotsbury Caatle, Dorset ,.,
Dodds, F., Gardener, Herringswell House, Milden-

hall, Suffolk

Duncan, W"., Gardener, Bosworth Hall, Rugby ...
Death, J.. Gardener, Archfield House, Binfield ...
Durman. F.. Gardener, Harefield House, Bitteme,

Southampton

Duncan, G., Gardener.WarnliamCourt, Horsham
Darno. J. C. Grdur.. Edge End, Brierfield, Burnley
Dunnage. Mrs., Albury House, Surbiton Hill Road,

Kiugston-on-Thame3

Driver, W., Gardener. Longford House, Minchin-

hamptou

Dodswell, W., Gardener, Grantham House, Putney

Heath

Duncan, G,, Gardener, Warter Priory, Pocklingtoc
Dttuncey, J.. Grdnr.. Bucktield Gardens, Basingstok*
Diamond, J. T., Gardener, Dollars House, Hurl-
ford. Ayr

Deedeman, Mrs. W., Titchfield, Hants

Dumper, E., Gardener, Summerville, Limerick ..
Down, J., Gardener, Ashdown Park, East Grinstead
Deverill. H., Royal Seed Stores, Banbury ...
Ellis. W., Grdnr.. Drakelow Hall, Burton-on-Trent

EUicot, J., Gardener, Crowe Hall, Bath

Ewart, W., Gardener. Apethorpe, Wausford
East. D.. Gardener; Clare Lawn, East Sheen, S.W.
Elsworthy, T., Gardener, Court Hey, Broad Green,

Liverpool

Everson, F., Gardener, Grove House, Roehampti

Lane. S.W

Edwards, F. W., Tower House. Woolwich ...
Elworthy, J. C, Gardener, Nettlecombe, Tnunton
Edwards. J.. Gardener, Grittieton, Chippenha
Foreman. W., Gardener, Carlton House. Heme Hill
Faulkner, Miss S. L., Westgate House, Long

Milford

Fisher, H.. Gardener. Flixton Hall, Bungay
Francis, J., Gardener, Lilleshall House, Newport,

Salop

Fowlis, J.. Gardener, Wrightington Hall, Wig

Lancashire

Forrester, W., Gardener, Beech wood, Rochdale
Fenn. A., Gardener. Bylaugh Park, East Durham
Fletcher, T., Gardener, The Abbey. Kensington.W
Fry. J.. Gardener. Haydon Hall, Eastcote, Pinnei
Francis. G., Grdnr., Cockley Cley Hall, Swaffham
Finlay, G., Grdnr.. East Layton Hall, Darlington 10 0
Ford, J., The Gardens, Highfield Hall, Leek
Friend, A. c. o. Mr. J. Gardiner, Gardener, Elsha

Hall, Brigg

Freeman, Miss, Ryton-on-Dunsmore. Coventry
Foreman, H.. Gardener, Fornham, St. Marti:

Bury St. Edmunds ... ...

Flood. W., Gardener, Wichnor Park, Burton-o

Trent

Folkard, J.. Gardener, Elm Bank, York ...
Frazer. L.. Gardener, Craigillands. Moffat. N.B.,
Finlay, W., Gardener, Lynton House, Gravesend
Fowler, J., Gardener, Harewood House, Leeds

Foster, W. R., The Grove, Horley

Finch, F., Gardener, The Hall, Berkhamstead
Goddard. P., Gardener, Hunton Court, Maidstone 10 0
Gardner. J., Gardener. Elsham Hall, Brigg
Gillies, J., Gardener, Biggar Park, Biggar...
Griffith, G., Gardener, Penywern, Aberystwith
Gandy, E., Gardener, Stratton Park, Micheldever
Greenfield, R., Gardener, The Priory, Warwick
Glasscock, W. B., Gardener, Shirley Park, CroydL__
Grant, J. C, Gardener, Argyle Lodge. Wimbledon

Park

Gilbert. R., Gardener, Burghley House, Stamford
Glenuie, R., Gardener, Babworth Hall, Retford... 10 0
Grant. T., Grdnr.. Ossemsley, Manor.'Christchurch 5 0
Garner. J., Gardener, Compton Verney, Warwick 5
German, N., Grdnr., Malvern House, NottinghamI .,

Gilbey, S.. Gardener. Cuzenovps, Upper Clapton ...
Green, W., Possingworth, Cross-in-lhind, Sussex...
Greenway. W. R., Gardeuer, Trtntham Court,

Stonehouse

Glen. G. F., Gardener, Wentworth, Rotherham ...

George. J., 10, Victoria Road, Putney

Hodgkins,W., Grdnr., Bolton Hey.Roby.Liverpool
Hall. J., Florist, &c., Custle Street, Cambridge ...
Hussey. J., Gardener. Haines Hill. Twyford
Haffenden, J., Gardener. Westerham. Edenbridge
Harvey, G., Grdnr., Shrublands, Hersham, Walton-

on-Thames

Hutchison. W., G.ardener, Llywnder Court. Aber-
gavenny

Helman. G., 2, Blakefield Road, Bromyard Road,

Worcester :

Hovell, W.. Gardener. Heddingtou Hill, Oxford ...
Hills. H.. The Gardens. Beachboro' Park. Hythe...
Hills. D., Gardener. Beachboro' Park, Hythe
Hubbard, A., The Gardens, Copt Hall. Epping ...
Hamilton, J., Gardener, Needwood House, Biirton-

on-Trent

Hope, J., Gardener. Weston- under- Lizard, Shifnal
Henderson, J., Grdnr., Riddlesworth Hall, Thotford

Hope, J.. Gardener, Coopers, Chislehurst

Harrison, E., Gardener, St. Michnel's-on-Wyre,

Garstang, Lancashire

Holliday. G.. Gardener. Castle Hill, Bletchingley
Henbest, W., Gardener, Anglesea House, Kingston-
on-Thames

Halsey, J.. Gardener, Cowdray Park, Midhurst ...
Hodgkins, W.. Gardener, Silaby Hall, Gainford,

Darlington

Harris, H.. Gardener, Denne Park. Horsham
Harding, A., Gardeuer. Orton Hall. Peterborough
Hyde. J., Gardener, Watergate, Emsworth; Hant>
Huxtable. R., Gardener, Barton Grange, Tauntou
Herrington, A., c. o. W. Robinson, Esq., Gravetyt

Manor, East Grinstead

Hornby, J.. Gardener, Heslington Hall, York
Hughes, J., Gardener, Eydou Hall. Byfield, North

amptonshire

Hutchison, S., Gardener. Haggerston Castle, Beal.

Northumberland

Hemsley, C, The Gardens, Sandringli

I-ynn

Hewlett, Mrs. A., Haseley Manor, Warwick
Hoskins, C, Gardener. Stanstead Park, Emsworth

Horsefield, J., Gardener, Hey tesbury HouHe,, Wilts
Hayter, A. W.. Gardener. The Priory, Reigate ..
Hickmott. G., Grdnr., Huntleya, Tunbridge Well:
Hoad, S., Gardener, Vicars Hill, Lymington
Hathaway, T.. Grdnr., Kempsey House, Worcester
Harrison. F.. Gardener. Knowsley House, Prescot
Hughes. J.. Gardener, Heathfield, Bracknell
Howes. J.. Gardeuer, Tulse Hill House, Uppe:

Tulse Hill, S.W

Inglis. R.. Gardener. Borde Hill, Cuckfield, Sussex
Ireland. W. J.. Grdnr.. Nostell Priory, Wakefield
James, B. T,, Gardener, Sandhill Park, Taunton
Johnson. A.. Gardener, Ingress Abbey. Greenhithe
Jamea, J., Gardener. Bradtield, Cullompton
Jupp, W,, Gardener. Torfield, Eastbourne ... .T
Jefferson, J.. Gardener, Totley Grange, Sheffield..
Jones, T., Gardener. Elvetham Park. Winchfield..
Johnstone, J., Gardener, The Castle, Castleblaney,

King':

Jenner. M., Gardener, Ellergreeu, Kendal...
Johnson, F.. Gardener. Rufford Old Hall, Ormskirk
Journeyman, A, Hilton Park, Wolverhampton
Jordan. L.. Grdnr., Brampston Park, Huntingdi
Jenkins, W., Aldin Grange, Durham
Journeyman. A. Onslow Hall, Shrewsbury
Iggulden, W., Grardener. Marston House, Frome
Knox, G.. Gardener. Port Eliot, St. Germai

Cornwall

Kevan, S.. Gardener. Castle Upton, Templepatrick.

Co. Antrim ... ...

Kendall. J., Gardener, Isil Hall, Cockermouth ..
Keeble, R., Grdnr., Kingsland, Newnham-on-Severii
Knight, S. G., Gardener. Halton House, Tring ...
Knowles. J., 6. Mid-Kent Cottages, Station Road,

Lewisham

Kingston, R. C, Gardener, Brant inghamthorpe,

Brough. E. York

Kirby, C, Gardener. Scraptoft Hall, Leicester
Kemp. W.. Gardener, Bush Hill House, Winch-
more Hill, N

Kitchin, E., Coodram, Kilmarnock

Leach, E., Gardener, Hin ton Admiral. ChTfttcSurch.

Lawrey, E., Gardener, Down Hall, Bridport

Lunt. T., Ardgowan, Greenock, N.B

Lumsden, D.. Gardener. Bloxholm Hall, Lincoln
Lamer, J.. Gardener, Ricknian:^ worth Park, Rick-

mansworth ... ... ...

Lomas. S.. Gardener. Heysham Hall, Lancaster ...
Lye, J.. Gardener, Clyffe Hall, Market Lavingtoi]
Lowe, F., Gardener, Castle Ward, Downpatrick,

Ireland ... ... ... ,

Orchid Peat— a Specialty (

WWOOD AND SON are now cutting: from
• THE NEW ESTATE (the only estate celebrated for
its special quality of ORCHID PEAT).

Send for Sample. Special Quotations.
Wood Green. London, N.

Further Donations and Subscriptions will be thanJcfuUy received by

A. r. BAKBON, Honorary Secretary,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS, CHISWICK, LONDON, W.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thrip. Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, dc. dc.
PERFECTLY ) ^° *'^^ Hands and Pkin, but will cure
I Kins^^orm in Animals, and all Diseaaea
HARfrlLESS J produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A combination of Ilvdrociirbon Oils, made soluble in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Hoots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Hiemist.^. Is. Gd. Cs. Cd. & ,'s. 6d;

^ gallon 7s. 6d, 1 R-allon I'Jri. Cd, or les- in larg'_r qu.iiititiea.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale: Hoopsk & C<.. , Coanv. Sopf.e. Fowlei. S: Co.;
C. E. OsMAV & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
Qhant^ and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses, NEW
YOB.K— RoLKEU & Sons.

HUGHES' Fir TREE Oil

Throws a fine
f^praij 20 fi., and
II Jet 30 j't., with
great force.

A splendid
siilstitute for the
Syringe for using
Insecticide, Price
2iis. jL larger
size for watering
purposes, 45.?.
CaiTia;r3 Paid.

For
Glass Houses,

GREEN & CREAW COLOR SHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applied — Last^i all the

Summer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., pu.-^t 1/3.

For B'ixinff Bloom of A^aleaa, ■■ ■ B (^EJ (S^ © ?

&c., and for Cut Flowers. rl ^ ^n l&^

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon tf- Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Diles
instantly. Sold in bottles, Is. & 2s. ler post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding after rruning.
Very eflfectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.
For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, U|IP|JCC'
Crickets. Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nUUlBUO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, ^ffiFll'^e

VWTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

68

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 16, 1887.

NEMT STRAWBERRIES FOR 1887.

LAXTON'S "NOBLE " STRAWBERRY.

The only Fruit lohich received a First-class
Certificate at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Great Provincial Show at Liverpool, July, 1886:
and the only Fruit Certificated by the Society
during the year ending June 30, 1887.

A very large and handsome regularly formed
flattish globular shaped early Strawberry, coming
in a few days after " King of the Earlies " and
" Black Prince," and of a rich and vinous flavour.
Flesh tirm, and without the objectionable treacly
taste common to many large varieties. Colour
bright crimson-scarlet. Plant very hardy and
vigorous, and most prolific, nearly every small
runner producing wonderful tru.sses of large
even-sized fruits with comparatively few small.
As " Noble " ripens in the open air before forced
Strawberries are over, the highest prices have
been realized for it in Covent Garden Market
during the past three seasons. In 188.5 the first
consignments made 4s. per lb. ; in 1886, 3s. per lb. ;
in 1887, 3s. 6d. per lb.

PRICE— Retail, £2 lO*. per 100, IO5. per dozen.

Mr. J. Mdie, after trying and forcing it, says : — " In my opinion the most extraordinary and valuable Strawberry in cultivation." [season.

Mr. R. Gilbert, Burghley, also having tried it, says : — " I can speak of this truly unique variety with every confidence, and intend growing it largely next

Photograph.)

hOBlE (From Photograph )

LAXTON'S

JUBILEE

STRAWBERRY.

A very distinct and first-class late variety. Fruit, large and of fine flavour ; flesh, firm ; plant, hardy, vigorous, and very prolific. Coming in after
" Helena Gloede," this variety is well adapted for late market work. Stock limited.

PRICE— Retail, £1 10s. per 100, Gs. per dozen.

Runners In thumbs half price extra. Coloured Plates of " Noble" (shortly), 6d. each. Terms, prompt cash. References required from unknown correspondents.
For cash with order packing wUl not be charged. Orders executed in strict rotation, and so far only as stocks permit. The Trade will oblige by inserting
these Strawberries in their Lists. Liberal terms and electros of " Noble " can be supplied. Further particulars from

THOMAS LAXTON, seed and novelty grower, BEDFORD.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wbixingion Stbbbt, Stband,
LONDON, W.C.

1887.

Please send me "The Gardenees' Cheoniclk" /or

Months,

commencing

^, for which I enclose P. 0.0.

^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance, ""^j

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-free.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17». 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19s. 6d.

Receipts for le33 than six months' subacription will not be sent unleaa specially asked for.

P. 0.0. to be tnade payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. I a

Ohemuis, thmild he. prosted " DRTIMMOND." I —

Cheques thould be crossed " DRUMMOND."

JciT 16. 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

69

ORCHID EXHIBITION.

One of the tnost beautiful sights
in London,

rVRCHIDS.— The PEIVATE VIEW of
^^ Mr. William BirLL's ORCHID EXHIBrriON is open
to Patrons of the Establishment, every TUESDAY.
THUBSDAY. and SATURDAY. 10 to 6 o'clock, through-
out JULY.

r>RCHIDS.— The PUBLIC EXHIBITION
^•' of ORCHIDS is open to the Public, every MONDAY'.
WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY. 10 to 6 o'clock, through-
out JULY'. Admission, eacli day. 2s. Qd.

/^RCHIDS. — A vision of loveliness unpa-
^^ ralleled in Europe.

ORCHIDS.— "Must be seen to be realised.'

ORCHIDS.— "A scene of the greatest Orchidic
beauty, baffling description, and defying exaggeration."

Cy RC H I DS. — Specimens in Flower from Brazil,
Colombia, Mexico. Ecuador. Madagascar. Assam. Peru.
Coeta Rica. Venezuela. West Indies. Burmah. Borneo,
and various other parts of the Eastern Archipelago.

ORCHIDS.— The Exhibition is worth going
^^ any distance to see at

MR. WILLIAM BULL'S

ESTABLISHMENT FOR NEW AND BABE PLANTS.
636, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Tjo well known to require descrip-
tio 1. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
I>er bushel for package), or 6rf. per
cak " ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack*
age* and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignatureattached.
WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Ni

15,000 TEA ROSES,

Consisting of the following and numerous

other varieties,

All fine plants, in 63- and 6 Inch pots :—

Mar^chal Nikl

Perle des Jardins

Safrano

REitTE Marie Heptriette

COMTESSE DE NADAILLAC

Souvenir u'vy Ami
Catherine Mermet

HOMERE

Waltham Climber No. 1
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam
W. A. Richardson
Perle de Lyon
Etoile de Lyok
Madame Lahbard
Devoniensis

Souvenir de Paul Nehon

Isabella Spbunt

Madam Bhavy

Waltham Climber No. 2

Sunset

Niphetos

Gloire de Dijon

Madame Cusine

The Pet

Duke of Connacght

Adam

Alba rosea

Goubault

Waltham Climber No. 3

Climbing Devoniensis

12s., 15s., & 18s. per doz., according to size.

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be
unsurpassed by any in the country : they are
clean, healthy, and vigorous, and, should any
purchaser be dissatisfied with them, they may be
at once returned.

Price to the Trade on application.

LISTS, icith full particulars, post-free, on

application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL GO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD & NUESERIES,

GARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL.

CARTERS'

VICTORIA PRIZE QALCEOLARIA.

^^^^^^ ATVARnTrn

^^^^^^ui^^^^^H

First Prize (open to Eng-

l^^^9iMME^^^I

land), Crystal Palace ... 1883

^^£^Vri>4SL-^!VB^^I

The Second Prize, Royal

^IHitrr'^BafiBr^^^H

Horticultural Society ... IS.S.I

The Extra Prize, Crystal

Palace 1884

[Bj^^|fcyA■^^^^■jjlW iax\\c finr^ft.■y 1 Rfl4 |

IKSHnP.tfKjMP&iS

Large Bronze Medal, Royal

HnSte^BH^ ni!5MEe|l

Botanic Society 188,1

^HkiWySiEHIBVj^l

Bnnkaian Medal, Royal

^Ei^^^^^HM^^^^H

Horticultural Society ... 1883

The Silver Medal, Ceylon... 1887

FINEST MIXED SEED.

Price Xs. 6d., 2s. 6d.. 3s. 6d., & 6s. plrt., post-free.

Seedsmen to H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the

Prince of Wales.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

Sow Now for Eaxly nowerlng In Spring.

ROExMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES.
ty The finest strain of Pansies in the world. ^
CATALOGUE gratis and post- tree on application.
FRIEDR. ROEMER. Seed Grower. Quedlinburg, Germany.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

/«S&

BEGONIAS

in Bloom.

ROSES

in Bloom.

Large Quantities. Inspection

invited.

LISTS ON APPLICATION.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED HOSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, in SPLENDID CONDITION.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, cOBtaining "Hinta on Fern

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive " List of Kew, Rare, and

Choice Ferns," and " Hardy North American Ferns,"

free on applicat'on.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FEEN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTBR.

SUTTON'S SEEDS

CENUINB ONDrnREeTFROM REIDINC.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHJiONICLE,
Vol. I.. Third Series, JAN. to JUN '.. 1887.
W. EICELARDS, 41, Wellington Strset, «lrand, W.C.

NEW EDITION,
Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3^d.

W. RICBARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,
London, W.C.

SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1887.

THE GAEDENERS' OEPHAN
FUND.

T^HE gardeners of this country may be con-
-*- gratulated on their patriotism and on their
charity. Of all the Jubilee proposals and results
certainly none is more satisfactory in its way
than the establishment of a fund for the benefit
of the orphans of gardeners. It is a cause that
no one can object to — its principle is unassail-
able. We recall with special gratification the
facts that the idea owed its inception to gardeners,
that the elaboration of the scheme is due to the
labours of that body, in association with others
who, if not themselves gardeners, live by and for
gardeners, and that a large proportion of the funds
already obtained or promised has been derived
from actual bond fide workers in gardens. The
provisional committee worked harmoniously and
devotedly. They terminated their labours with a
well devised programme, and with a fund amount-
ing to close on £ 1 000 ; they arranged the prel imin-
aries of the general meeting at South Kensington
on the 12th, secured an admirable President, and
drew up the resolutions to be submitted to the
meeting, and the votes of thanks to those who
had helped them. For this very reason, probably,
they omitted to propose any vote of thanks to them-
selves! and so by an oversight which the commit-
tee will only condone when they see signs of re-
pentance in the shape of additional funds, not one
person in the meeting raised his voice in acknow-
ledgment of the services of Mr. Deal and of the
members of the committee. This acknowledg-
ment has indeed been already made in the Press ;
but it would have been gracious if some outsider
had proposed a vote of thanks to the framers
and promoters of the scheme, who have worked
so hard and so well in the cause. The omission
was evidently clearly accidental, so nothing
further need be said about it. At the first
general meeting, when the provisional com-
mittee transferred their duties to a permanent
organisation, there were present about fifty
persons — not a large number certainly, but,
considering all things, a satisfactory assem-

70

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JcTLY 16, 1887.

Wage. Gardeners were well represented, and not
from the metropolitan counties only, but from
far-off districts. The Royal Horticultural So-
ciety lent its conservatory, and, better still, some
of the members of its Council were present, and
many of them figure as Vice-Presidents, Trustees,
or subscribers. The National Rose, the National
Chrysanthemum, the Auricula, the Carnation So-
cieties, the Crystal Palace, the Horticultural
Club, the horticultural Pr-ess, and the Trade, were
duly represented — the Royal Botanic Society made
no special sign. Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bart.,
M.P., occupied the chair, and it very soon
became apparent that a better Chairman could
not have been selected. The courtesy and
business-like tact with which he managed the
meeting, encouraging useful criticism, checking
irrelevance, and finally summing up in a tho-
roughly judicial manner, elicited the warmest
admiration from those present.

The proceedings were simple enough. Mr.
Deal, the chairman of the provisional committee,
moved that Sir .Tulian Goldsmid take the chair,
and then read a brief statement of the work done
already, and submitted the rules, copies of which
had been previously circulated. Mr. Deal's histo-
rical statement was clear and to the point, and
when he had conoluded the Chairman moved the
adoption of the report and rtlles) ^oliqitiii'gj amend-
ments and discussion upon any points of detail
that might arise, and congratulating the gardeners
on their enterprise. The resolution was seconded
by Mr. Penny, gardener to H.R.H. the Prince of
Wales, and whasai^ with honest pride that he stood
there that day with very different feelings to those
he experienced at the first meeting of the provi-
sional connnittee on the 25th Jlarch, without
either fimds or programme. Some criticism on
points of detail were then made by Mr. Shirley
Hibberd, Mr. D. T. Fish, Hardwiske Gardens ;
Mr. Udale, gardener to Mrs. Grenville Howard,
Tamworth ; Mr. Green, gardener, Warlies ; and
others, which were replied to by Mr. Roupell,
Mr. Deal, Mr. Veitch, and the Chairman, with
the result, among.st other things, that it was
arranged that the annual meeting shall be held
in July instead of in February, as being more
convenient to gardeners, and, moreover, per-
mitting of the concurrent holding of some flower
show or other outdoor fete, which, while agree-
able to gardeners, might be made an agreeable
substitute for the charity dinner, which so many
people would be glad to dispense with could
funds otherwise be raised.

With Mr. Fish's objection to canvassing, buy-
ing, and higgling for votes, and all the conse-
quent trouble, vexation, and expense, we must
own (as did the Chairman) that we have full
sympathy ; indeed, in principle, every one con-
curred with Mr. Fish, but circumstances interfere
with the application of principles, and the plan
proposed by the committee, which was, as we
know, not adopted till the pros and cons had been
thoroughly threshed out and the arguments on
either side duly weighed, was ultimately adopted
generally as the best under the circumstances.

The second resolution, proposed by Mr. H. J.
Veitch, and seconded by Dr. Masters, after the
Chairman's speech, needed neither explanation
nor advocacy. It ran thus : — " That Sir Julian
Goldsmid be elected President of the Gardeners'
Orphan Fund." This was, of course, carried
nem. con.

Mr. Deal then proposed, and Mr. Wynne
seconded, " That the following gentlemen be
elected Vice-Presidents of the Gardeners' Orphan
Fund. viz. : — H. J. Adams, Esq., E. J. Beale,
Esq., W. Bull, Esq., Shirley Hibberd, Esq., Dr.
Hogg, Jlember of Council Pi.H.S., Dr. Masters,

F.R.S., J. Mcintosh, Esq., H. M. Pollett, Esq.,
Baron Schroder, Member of Council R.H.S.,
Arthur W. ;-utton, Esq., F. G. Tautz, Esq.,
Harry J. Veitch, Esq." (Carried.)

Resolution No. 4, proposed by Mr. Eraser and
seconded by Mr. Noble, was to the effect — " That
S. Courtauld, Esq., Member of Council R.H.S.,
J. T. D. Llewelyn, Esq., and A. H. Smee, Esq.,
be elected Trustees of the Fund." (Carried.)

Mr. Hibberd then proposed, and Mr. Laing
seconded, a resolution "That T. B. Haywood,
Esq., Treasurer of the National Rose Society,
be elected Treasurer of the Fund,"

" That Mr. A. F. Barron, Superintendent Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens, be elected Secre-
tary to the Fund " was a proposition that was sure
to be acceded to with warmth, but Mr. Barron's
claims were well put by Mr. Richard Dean as
proposer, and Mr. Roberts, gardener, Gunners-
bury, as seconder.

Mr. Wright, Journal of Horticulture, and Mr.
Richards respectively proposed and seconded the
proposal " That Mr. John Fraser and Mr. W.
Sharp be elected honorary auditors." (Carried.)

Mr. Fish, gardener, Hardwicke, and Mr.
Udale, gardener to Mrs. Grenville Howard, then
respectively proposed and seconded, " That the
following gentlemen be appointed members of
the Executive Conmiittee, viz. : — Messrs. P.
Barr. W. Bates, H. Cannell, R. Dean, G. Deal,
J. Douglas, W. Goldring, W. G. Head, H.
Herbst, W. Holmes, W. Ingram, J. Laing, G.
Nicholson (Kew), C. Penny, W. Richards, J.
Roberts, W. Roupell, C. H." Sharman, J. Smith,
H. Turner, H. Williams, J. Woodbridge, J.
Wright (Journal of Horticulture), B. Wynne
(Gardenitiff World), be appointed the Executive
Committee."

In reference to this resolution it was men-
tioned that the committee had power to add to
their numbers, and that probably Messrs. Dunn,
Temple, and David Thomson would join the
committee as Scottish representatives, while the
local secretaries to be appointed in every district
of the country would, by virtue of their office, be
elected members of the committee, and secure
that widely diffused, and not merely local, interest
so much needed.

" That a cordial vote of thanks be given to the
Royal Horticultural Society for the use of their
garden for this meeting " was proposed by Mr.
AVright and seconded by Mr. Sharp. (Carried.)

Dr. Masters, F.R.S,, and Dr, Hogg, had an
easy and pleasant task in respectively proposing
and seconding a resolution, " That a cordial
vote of thanks be given to Sir Julian Goldsmid
for his kindness in taking the chair." Dr.
Masters, having put the motion, it was carried
amid demons()rations of applause.

Lastly came a compliment to the horticultural
Press, proposed by Mr. AV. Bull, and seconded
by Mr. Ilerbst, Mr. "tt'ynne, of the Gardening
Wot'ld, briefly responded, and thus was ended
one of the mo.st successful, harmonious, and well-
managed meetings it has ever been our lot to
take part in.

The Gardeners' Orphan Fund has been well
started. The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent In-
stitution has made a donation of ko to each of
its hundred and twenty pensioners and to the
unsuccessful candidates at the last election. This
is how the gardeners and their friends have cele-
brated the Jubilee. Well done gardeners, though
we say it !

Mr. Hugh Brooke Low, only son of Sir Hugh
Low, Her Majesty's Resident at Perak, died sud-
denly in London recently, at the age of thirtT-eight,
Mr, Bbooee Low was in the sf rvicft of the Sarawak
Government, in which he had been distinguished as
the Resident of the Kegang district. He was in
England on leave of absence.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

DENDROBIUM PUllPUREUM (lioxh.) CAN-
DIDULUM. n. var.
Mr. V. Faus, the enthusiastic and successful
Orchid grower of Baron von Hruby, Teleny,
Petschkau, Kolin, sends me a fine specimen of this
novelty, obtained from Messrs. Linden as Dendro-
bium purpureum, Roxb. There is no reason to be
very much surprised at, or consider as anything excep-
tional, a rosy-amethyst coloured species turning
out white-flowered, yet such a rare case gives
great pleasure to the lucky possessor. The tips
of the sepals are of a very bright green. Now and
then the apex of the lip has a lighter hue of green,
but I do not find a trace of it in any of the petals.
The stalked ovary, of an amethyst colour in the
original plant, is pure wliite in this one. H. G. Bchb.f,

CaLANTHE VERATRIFOLIA (R. Br.) VAR. RegNIERI,

71. var.
A very elegant variety. It is near to the var.
stenoloba, but quite distinct in the divaricate nearly
semi-lunate lateral lacinire of the lip. and simpler
callosity. The flowers are snow-white, with a light
ochre-coloured lip, which I find charming. It was
kindly sent me by Monsieur Regnier. 44, Avenue
Marigny, Fontenay sous Bois, Seine. I have a very
fine plant before me. No doubt it was gathered in
Cochin China. It justly bears the name of the
excellent explorer. H. G. Bchb.f.

Odontoglossum lOPLOCON, Bchb. /.. Gardeners'
Chronicle, 1884, April 5, p. 445.

This lovely rival to Odontoglossum Edwardi
has reappeared at Loochristi with M. Vuylsteke.
This is only the second instance I know of. It
flowered first in December, 1879, at Mr. Bull's, as I
see from a memorandum. The flowers, however, at
least those which I obtained, proved monstrous ;
therefore it was only in 1881 that I could deswibe
the plant. The blooms were darker or lighter in
diff'erent years. Mr. W. Bull will always have to be
named as the first importer of this very rare plant.
H. G. Bchb J.

CiRRHOPETALUM LeNDYANUM, n. Sp.*

This is a charming little gem. If one could see a
stem covered with it and its hundreds of graceful
whitish inflorescences, it might even win over many an
amateur. The bulbs are pyriform tetragonous, very
shining, reddish, distant. Leaf cuneate oblong acute,
minutely bilobed, purple underneath, green above.
Peduncle wirv, red or green, or both. Flowers
standing in a short raceme of umbellate appearance.
Bracts linear subulate, not equal to the ovaries, pnrple,
or partly so, very narrow and insignificant. Flowers
smaller than those of Cirrhopetalum albidum, R. W.,
whitish, with greenish-yellow hue. Upper sepal
ligulate acuminate, lateral sepals linear acuminate,
free, now divaricate, twice as long or still longer than
unpair sepal. Petals ligulate acuminate, nearly as
long as the upper sepal. Lip compressed, triangular
from side, abrupt over the stalk, bicarinate on narrow
u])per side. Column with two very short triangular
angles on the side of the anther (not bisetose!).

There cannot be the least doubt of Cirrhopetalum
and Bulbophyllum being the same genus botanically,
provided there be not discovered some hitherto unseen
character. This plant stands nearest to Bulbophyllum
radiatum, Lindl., which it is very like, but that is

* Cirrhopetalum Lendyanutn, n. sp. — Rhizomate scadente;
pseudobulbis baud contiguispyriformi-t^tragonis folio; carnoais-
simo cuneato oblongo ncutiusculo bilobo ; pediinculo capillari
rigido folium paulo exeedente ; floribus racemose umbellatig;
bracteis linearisetaceis oyaria pedicellata non requantibua ;
sepalo impari lanceo acumiuato; sepalis latcralibus lineari
ligtilatis acumiuatis duplo longioribiia, nunrdivaricatis, semper
liberia, numquam cootiguis; tepahs sepalo impari a^qualibus,
labello subcompresso. per discum angustum bicarinate, supeme
angiifet* triangulo, a latere triangulo angulo abrupto supra
unguem; coluroiia utrimiuo miuut eaiigulata, net; bi.si?to3Ji ;
florcsalbidi flavoviridi nunr anffiisi. Col. exc. Leudy. Bulbo.
phyllum Leudyauum. II. G. llckb.J. ,

July 16, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CBBONICLE.

71

immediately understood bj its upper sepal being of the
same leng;th as lateral sepals. It was kindly sent by
Major Lendy, Sunbury House, Sunbury-on-Tliames,
whose name it may bear as a mark of gratitude for a
friendly hospitality, that is now-a-days not often given
in England to little Orchids. And a little one it is !
H. G.Hchb.f.

OdONTOGLOSSUM + EUASTRUM, noV.+

This grand beauty stands near Odontoglossum +
Brassia. Its sepals and petals are still longer, and
much tapered. The prevailing colour is white. There
are some mauve spaces in long stripes on the sepals,
and still more outside. A few spots, one to five, are
to be seen on the sepals. They are cinnamon inside,
mauve outside. Petals simply white. The lip is quite
peculiar and characteristic. It is rather heart-shaped
over its stalk, nearly semicircular, toothletted outside.
An abrupt long lanceolate lacinia projects from its
centre. The denticulate indurate sessile lamellic
[like those] of Odontoglossum crispum stand at the
base of the lip. They are sepia-brown in colour. Three
keels stand before the side, one conspicuously biden-
tate, the central one simply acute and very small.
Some brown small spots are scattered over the disc
and the base of the anterior lacinia white, the disc
around the callus is sulphur-coloured. The column
has lobed wings, is light yellowish-white, with a
mauve back.

I have to thank Baron von Schroder for this
remarkable beautv — a fresh riddle in this assemblage
of riddles. H. G.'Rchb.f.

Origanum Tournefortii.

The plant so called in gardens has long been a
puzzle to cultivators of hardy plants who have had
access to the original descriptions and figures of O.
Tournefortii proper. The true plant is figured in
Sibthorp's Fl. Gr(^ca,569, and in Andrews' Repository,
8, t. 537 ; and also in Loddiges' Cabinet, 258 ; and
none of which figures agree with the cultivated plant
in question. The true O. Tournefortii or Dittany of
Amorgos, is a well-marked plant of rare merit, with
a shrubby upright habit, and in this way much
resembling O. Dictaranus. The leaves are orbicular
or heart-shaped, subcordate, glabrous, or very slightly
ciliate, opposite, decussate, subsessile, and glaucous-
green ; flowers very numerous in a dense branched
spike; the floral bracts large, imbricated, and not
brightly coloured. It is said to have been intro-
duced as early as 1788 by Dr. Sibthorp, and is
probably now quite lost to cultivation. O. sipyleum
or Dittany of Mount Sipylus, is another name we have
seen this same plant grown under in gardens ; from
which it is. however, abundantly distinct. It is herba-
ceous in habit, with a very lax inflorescence ; leaves
subsessile, ovate, acute, perfectly glabrous, and of a
greyish colour. Mr. Miller, we are told, applied this
name of 0. Tournefortii to his twelfth sort, and
which he says is undoubtedly a variety produced from
the intermixing the farina of the Cretan Dittany (O.
Dictamnus) with that of Mount Sipylus (0. sipyleum) ;
for the plants in the garden belonging to the Com-
pany of Apothecaries were accidentally produced
from the seeds of one sjiecies, where both sorts stood
near each other, in the botanic garden of John
Browning. Esq.. at Chelsea. This is undoubtedly
the same as a dried specimen in Bishop Goodenough's
herbarium, labelled as O. hybridum. with the note,
" hybridum O. Dictamnus matre, O. sipyleum patre ? '
The plant referred to both by Miller and Bishop
Goodenough is unquestionably the same plant as we
are now cultivating under the name 0. Tournefortii.
The parentage as given above is in all probability
the correct one. the leaves corresponding in shape to
sipyleum, with the hairs from those of O, Dictamnus.
and the inflorescence partaking of the lax character of
the former and the bright colouring of the latter. D.

Ireland. ^From various quarters we learn that
the summer has been as hot and dry in the Emerald
Isle as here. June is generally a showery month in
Dublin, but vegetation is now hmrnt up.

AMONG THE P.E0NIE6 AND
DELPHINIUMS.

A FIELD of Pceoniea or Delphiniums is not easily
to be met with, unless one goes to look for it. It
has afforded me great pleasm-e to see both. The
Pajonies were as thick as Daisies in a meadow —
white, blush-rose, pale amethyst, pale citrine, crim-
son, doubled and varied in many ways, some self-
coloured, some edged paler. The white colour,
however, predominated, from a peculiarity that many
have of opening blush-rose or citrine, and turning
white before fading. I went through several acres
of them without counting the young seedlings, and
was told it takes five years from the seed for the
PiEony to come into full flower.

Among the finest I saw were : — Galina, pale
amethyst ; Lady Bramwell, blush-rose ; Pelene,
white ; Albion, cherry-rose, edged paler ; Princess
Beatrice, ochre and rose ; Pearl, white, with a flesh-
blush ; Ithaca, verj' double, purple, shaded crimson ;
Minytus, crimson-purple ; Macella, rose, citrine
centre ; Jugurtha, flesh-coloured ; Camera, rose ; Dr.
Livingtone, grand, and very double, rose ; Trium-
phans gandavensis. fine double, white.

None of those mentioned were single. The latter
are interesting from an artistic point of view, but
they are not so striking, although seemingly in
demand. In addition to their grandeur and delicate
tints, the charm of Piconies is that many of them are
Rose-scented.

I do not think that sufficient use is made of these
fine things. They require to be seen in masses to
realise the wealth of decorative materials that this
genus off'ers. For parks and gardens there are not
many plants to equal them, the several species that
are to be had admit of a long succession of these
interesting flowers. As cut flowers, arranged with
large foliage in large baskets, they are invaluable
for the decoration of halls, and would be fitting orna-
ments for bow-windows in dining and drawing-rooms.
The blush, citrine, and rose-coloured ones would
show well by artificial light, and might also be
utilised, by an artistic hand, for table decorations on
grand occasions.

The Delphiniums were a great contrast to the
Pffionies, both in colour, form, and habit. Of
these also I saw about 3 acres in all, breast
high, with their fine spikes of colour, varying from
0 inches to 2 feet, and ranging from the deepest
ultramarine-blue to the palest sky and lavender-blue,
some with expanded flowers, 2 inches across, others
cup-shaped, with a white or black eye. In the
bright sun the bees were busy in their work of
crossing, and in many instances, I should say,
in spoiling the work of selection planned by the
owners of these plants. Among the selected ones
the finest were ; —

Constantine. — Spikes, 1^ foot long ; flowers, 2 inches
across — very fine and expanded ; semi-double, outer
whorl sky-blue, inner whorl purple, the true corolla
forming a white tuft in the centre.

Agnes, with a massive spike 2 feet long, without
including the secondary spikes ; semi-double, pale
mauve, edged blue ; flowers 1^ inch across.

Magnum has a 2 feet spike, ultramarine-blue, with
the inner whorl plum-blue.

Baron Schroder. — Two feet spike, deep ultramarine
and blue-mauve. The peculiarity of this variety is
the prominent white central star of small petals, the
lower ones having a tuft of yellow hairs.

Gipsy Queen. — Eighteen inches spike, of a very
pale rosy-mauve, edged blue. The central petals are
white and pale mauve.

Amelia has a fine compact spike, 15 inches long ;
rosy-lavender, tinged blue. A bush of this splendid
variety, with several spikes, would make a charming
subject for a panel in oil colours.

Biondella.— Mauve, edged blue ; single, with a fine
white eye.

Ceiestine.^-Sky blue, 2 feet long, with a white
tuft of small'petals;

Ultramarine.'— Deep btne ; Ilne'larrfe single flower.

with a brown central corolla and prominent yellow
hairs.

Catherina. — Pale sky-blue, with a white corsHa
ftnd an enormous spike.

La liomanche is an extraordinary variety, ctm-
sisting of an outer whorl of blue sepals, and an inner
one of purple colour. The corolla, instead of having
its usual irregular form, is spread out into a star-
like whorl, the petals being purple, tipped buff", all
hairy, and without any spurs. The flowers of the
whole spike have their stamens turned into carpels,
so that the centre is formed of a bunch of carpels,
instead of the usual three. This character of the
flower appears to be fixed, and might be maintained
by high cultivation. Not only the flowers of a whole
spike had it, but another plant of the same variety
had spikes with the same character, the only differ-
ence being that in some flowers there were a few
stamens outside the bunch of carpels.

Among these fields of Delphiniums I not only
enjoyed the colour and form, but I had an opportu-
nity of making some more interesting observations.

There are, perhaps, few flowers of a more interest-
ing structure than that of the Delphinium ; it is
supported by two linear bracts, and consists of five
coloured sepals, the upper one being spurred. This
spur in the calyx sepal is rather odd. It closely
resembles a miniature corrugated jelly-bag. When
the flower doubles it adds a second whorl of sepals,
none of which is spurred. The true corolla is the
strangest part of the floral structure. An Orchid is
not more curious. Ordinarily the corolla of the
Delphinium consists of four petals, so arranged as
to resemble somewhat the form of a Linaria flower.
The two upper petals are stiff, and of a horny tex-
ture, and the pair form a sort of hood. Both of
them are long spurred, and their twin spurs fit into
the jelly-bag spur of the calyx, and are sheathed by
it. The spurs are open, excepting towards the point
where the nectar is formed, and the advantage of the
sheath, it would appear, is to prevent insects from
getting at the nectar from the outside. This
arrangement forces them to search for it from the
front of the flower. The lower pair of petals are
rather expanded, and usually covered with yellow
hairs, which vary in length and are sometimes quite
prominent. The colour of the corolla is either white,
brown, or variegated. By pressing down the lower
pair of lips of the corolla, the three stigmas of the
ovary come into view. The stamens are numerous
— in one case I counted more than thirty —
and surround the base of the ovary. Before
the anthers burst they are all bent downwards, and
form a sort of tassel below the corolla; after the}'
have discharged their pollen, they are found crumpled
up with their filaments contorted. These crumpled
up filaments led me to suspect that possibly at some
period, they may have been sensitive, and performed
some office with reference to the visits of insects,
but of this I could not obtain any proof. If they are
sensitive, probably I did not, in my experiments, hit
on the right spot which would make them act. I
watched the bees to see how they performed their
fertilising oflice. I think a big humble bee, with
two golden cross-bars on its back, did it in the
most efficient way. It settled on the flower,
and clasped the cal^^x with its hooked legs. In
doing so its weight overturned the flower, so
that the bee hung below it, under part upwards.
In this fashion it could not help having the hairs of
its legs dusted with any ripe pollen that the anthers
might contain. The bee then proceeded to creep
further, and thrust its head between the hood and
the lip of the corolla. In doing so its chest pressed
down the two petals, which form the lower lips of
the corolla, and exposing between them the three
stigmas, which cannot help being dusted with any
jtoUen which the bee may have had on the hairy
base of its front legs. Thus these bees carry pollen
from flower to flower, fertilising the stigmas of each
in a most persevering way. I observed another bee
of similar colouring with the foregoing, but much
smaller. I am not sufficiently acquainted with bees
to be able to sav whether this was the same bee of

72

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 16, 1887.

a different sex, or sexless, or whether it was of a
different species. Anyhow, its weight was not suf-
ficient to bend down and overturn the flower. It
settled on the lower sepal, which is often dusted with
pollen, kept there by the corrugation of its surface.
In creeping over this sepal to get at the corolla it
could hardly help sweeping up the pollen with the
hairs of its under side, and, by thrusting its head
into the mouth of the corolla of some of the flowers,
performing the same office as the other. I noticed
that the bee took some seconds to suck the nectar ;
this probably was caused by first sucking one and
then the other of the twin nectaries. The object of
the stiffness of the upper petals and of their spurs is
probably to act as a channelled guide to the tongue
and lips of the bee. What the object of the hairs
on the two lower petals may be I have not been able
to ascertain. Not impossibly they may act as an ob-
stacle to prevent minute insects from getting into the
mouth of the corolla easily, and so robbing the nectar
without performing any corresponding ser\'ice to the
flower. The bee may also deposit on these hairs
some pollen, to be swept off by the next comer.

a peduncle about an inch long, clothed with linear
bracts, a whorl of which supported the flower, the
bracts passing into coloured narrow sepals, There
were two whorls of fully formed sepals, one sky-blue,
the other blue suffused purple, none of which was
spurred. In the centre there was a rose of thirteen
small white petals, all of the same character, and
none spurred. They consisted of a claw, expanding
into a small bifid blade, resembling the print of a
camel's foot. This peloric flower had numerous
stamens, with twisted filaments, and finally the usual
tricarpellar ovary.

These hybrid Delphiniums vary much in their
parts. Whether the second whorl of coloured seg-
ments belongs to the calyx, or to the corolla, is
difficult to say. I could see no spurs to any of its
segments. The corolla, as I said, is usually of
four petals, two upper, spurred, and two lower
expanded and hairy ones ; but in one, besides the
above, I found a fifth small petal between the lower
two. In another, besides the ordinary four petals, I
found four more abortive ones in the lower part ; a
third variation, besides the two spurred petals, had

skill in always using the same flowers for button-
holes, sprays, and other decorations. Now that so
much electric light is used, the deep blues and
mauves would probably light up well at night.

All these interesting phenomena I observed,
watched, and reflected on in the extensive nurseries
of Messrs. Kehvay & Son. of Langport. Everything,
however, is just now suffering from want of rain. If
seasonable rain had fallen, those fields of colour
would have been ten times more effective, both by
their brilliancy and increased size. For nurserymen,
who carry on business on such an extensive scale,
rain is money. To deal with acres of anything by
hand-watering is a troublesome and expensive job.
One year, I was told, about 5 acres of Gladioli were
lost, for want of rain. The raising of Gladioli is one
of the great specialties of this firm. They have
crops of them growing like Onions or Potatos. The
time and labour that the raising of plants from seed
often requires is the reason why choice varietiesare at
first so expensive. In an acre or more of Delphi-
niums containing upwards of a thousand plants, I
was told not more than fifty varieties would be worth

i'm. 14. — HATFIELD HOUSE: FKUNT

(SEE p. 7y.)

No doubt the colour of tlie white or black corolla
s.^rves as a guide to the bee to enable it to find the
nrjctar readily, and so avoid exhausting itself by
fruitless efforts. The colour of the sepals acts as a
ready advertisement for insects. It is interesting to
see how readily the bee goes straight to the nectar-
hole. By constant practice, and perhaps also by
inherited memory, its eye is at once able to see the
opening betweeen the two upper and lower lips of
the corolla. On a flower which was different from
the usual I watched one of the smaller bees making
various trials, now fumbling under one sepal, now
under another, until apparently puzzled at not
finding the nectar; at last it tumbled upon the nectar-
hole. Either the flower was different from the usual
or the insect may have been an inexperienced bee.
When it knows its flower, it goes straight to the
nectar-hole in a business-like way, without making
any mistakes. Whether the Delphinium can be
self fertilised would require careful experiments to
determine ; all the arrangements of the flowers
indicate the importance of cross-fertilisation by bee-
like insects.

On the top of one of the Delphinium spikes a
peloric form was found, as a terminal bud. It had

six others, equal, hairy and bifid. In the double
ones not only the number of coloured sepals is in-
creased, but also the number of petals.

In that to which the name of D. formosum is
given the corolla consists of two upper long-spurred
petals and two broadly expanded and variegated
petals. Each of the latter has a diminutive curved
spur at the base of its claw ; and finally, it has
three other abortive bifid petals in its lower part.
Possibly it descended from one with an Aquilegia
form.

The fine decorative qualities of the Delphinium
are not, I think, sufficiently appreciated. Besides
being a superb plant for borders with its rare colour,
fine foliage, and tall habit, the larger flowered varie-
ties would form exquisite arrangements for personal
decorations. The fine 2-inch flowers of an ultra-
marine-blue would form exquisite rosettes for button-
holes, suitably arranged with white Bouvardia, or
some such small flower, and Maidenhair Fern. Then
the whole spike deprived of the flowers on one side
would make a splendid spray for a lady's dress,
suiting and contrasting the many shades of its
colours, according to need. With such materials at
their disposal, florists do not show much inventive

keeping ; all the rest would be dug out and thrown
away ! So that the small proportion selected has to
pay, by its enhanced price, for the time and labour
taken up in raising the whole lot up to flowering
time.

Why some of the cheap modes of raising
and distributing water to be seen every day in
India and Eg}'pt are not used in England
is difficult to explain. I suppose it is an
inherited prejudice against any rude and cheap im-
plement. Everything must be done by expensive
machinery. It is true that irrigation from the clouds
in England usually suffices, and is more effective ;
but what if it does not come when wanted ? Where
gas is available the little handy gas-engine might be
made to do many things. There is also no reason
for not using wind-engines. It costs nothing to
work them. E. Bon-avia, M.D., Jwm 28.

Tantalising for Southern Botanists.—

A correspondent, who hails from less than a hundred
miles from Montrose, assures us that he recently
obtained from a space about a foot square the fol-
lowing plants : — Linnea borealis, Listera cordata,
Trientalis europfta, and Pyrola media.

July 10, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS'

cp.

RON I CLE.

73

CffiLOGYNE CORYMBOSA.

This is , one of the hauiisomost species of tlie
Erectaj section of the genus. Fig. 1.5 gives a good idea
of a single iiower, as lately produced l)_v a plant in the
Kew collection. TJ^is plant is groiying onablocl;,
where it seems to be quite at liome. as the llowerr^,
which remain iii perfection for a considerable time.
are produced in abundance. Lindley, in describing
ii (Folia On!iii!ui'ni, Cielogyue, n. 10), remarks that
it much resembles C. ocellata, diiTering in the
psendobulbs, the shorter leaves, and the mucli
longer middle lobe of the lip. The flowers are very
sweet-scenfi;d. and are borne in erect racemes of two
or three eaeli ; the eolom- is waxy-whit(\ with several
orange-brown ut-rvis on t!ie side lobes of the lip, and
two yellow blotches Ijordereil ivith deep orange at
the base of the eentnil \ii\u-. It occurs in the
Sikkim Himalaya, from liiHH.I -'.IOOO_feet elevation,
and in the Ivhasia mountains from 4O0O — 71HH) feet.
It appears to have first flowered in this country in

until about the middle of the last century, when the
estate passed into the hands of an old Yorkshire
family named Conyers, by whom great improvements
were made — a family to be honourably remembered
in Essex. Copt Hall was so named by the Saxons
from Coppc, the top of a hill. It was of old ".a place
of pleasure au4 privacy " for the successive mitred
abbots of "Waltham. Thence they went a.himting
here in tho forest, or received hospitably distin-
guished guests.

The Princess, afterwards Queen Mary, was living
at Copt Hall in 1551, when three of her servants
were summoned before tlie Privy Council, and their
mistress was further informed that Mass was m)
longer to be performed there by her Roman Catholic
chaplains. Mary was, however, ready to obey the
royal command i-*n all tilings ericept Bbatters of re-
ligion. Mass she would have !

A melancholy interest attaches to Cojit Ilall in
reference to Hehry VIII. He is said to have had
the ,pla,ce a,3 a " sporting box." It was about the time

U)

^Ui, 15.--caiL0GYNE CpRYlLBOSA: FLOWERS IVORY-WUIT

1876, and it is rather stranjje that so ^andfiome &
species should not have been inipQTted bieiore.
However, as several of these species .g-re raU^er
closely allied, it is quite possible for oue to have be^n;
overlooked. The specially distinguishing feature of
thia species seems to be the very long acute central
lobe of the Up ; and with this exception, the more
acute segments, the fewer flowers in a raceme, and
one or two otlier minor details, it seeins to be a;
large edition of C. ochracea. A plate has been pr;e-
pared for the Botanical Magazine. R. A. R.

COPT HALL.

,CoPT Hall, Pauk {a place >of historic interest)
adjoins the forest of Epping. Beyond the parH gat^s
liesabeautiful bit of forest scenery called the Warren,
of which the.ciiief portion spreads away to the right
looking from Uie entrance gates. ^ Parts of this wood
lying in tlie deeper and darkey hollows are very sug-
gestive of the past, whiin, they formed;, the hiding
places-of reckless outcasts,- as they, continued to bo

that he had Ann l^ojeyn beheaded. There is still
retnaining a fine avenue composed of KngUsh, Yews
It is said that ,Henry ■^vas walking up this avenue
when the bell was tolling announcing Ann Buleyn's
execution, on bearipg which it is allieged he ejaculated,
" Thank God !" , , - :...(. ,,

There is also to be seen the vmjy of a chapel in
which Henry worshipped ; but one ^solitary column
now i:emaias of at3 former stat^liness and beauty.
Near here are busts of Henry and ..his son, aijd a
subterranean passage communicating with Walthani,
Abbey beyond, used by the monks in the olden days.

Perhaps no place possesses greater historical in-
terest than Epping. Here, s;iys tradition, between
Epping and AValtham^ was futight the groat battle
between the liomans and the Britons, Tl^e fatter
were from 100,000 to 200,000 strong, far outniAmber-;,
ing their better disciplined foes. Boastful and con-
fident, they Qoiinted upon an easy victory, and.
brought their women and childre^l to-witness it from
rows of qavts ranged in a line behind. Massed to-,
gethei'i behind their great shU'Ul^i ' with thc^, thicjcets
at ttieti", back, theliomans patiently sustained the

successive onslaughts of their foes, until signs of dis-
order and confusion became apparent. Then,
assuming that wedge-liko form so often afterwards
adopted, they attacked in turn, and with such dire
ert'ect that 80,000 of their enemies were left dead in
the forest, the women and children and the barricade
of carts increasing the wild confusion of the flightn
Tlie Koman loss was 400.

The present mansion, a substantial Elizabethan
structure, replaced the old Hall in 1750, and a much
more suitable and commanding site was found for
it. The view from its front is a very tine one. Tiie
magnificent Oaks — a great feature, noble Beeches,
and otlicr fine examples of tree growth, stretching
as far as the eye can reach, and producing a pic-
turesque and effective scene which words quite fail
to convey— in short, it is a glorious bit of English
landscape.

As noted just now, the Oaks are an especial
feature — huge specimens that really must liave
braved the storms of a thousand years. It would be
interesting to know the dimensions of some of these
giants ; perhaps Mr. Samuel Coulter, the able gar-
dener, will oblige us in this respect at his con-
venience.

The extensive pleasure grounds are kept in ad-
mirable order, the mowing itself being no incon-
siderable item in the labour, two machines being
constantly engaged in the performance of this work
during tiie season. "We especially noted in this part
of the place a stately Acacia, with a stem as straight
as a gun-barrel, and some 50 feet in height, said to
be one of the finest examples of its particular kind in
the country. Unfortunately we were unable to get
its specific name. The gardens proper have been
described " as the most compact in Essex," and the
eulogiura is well merited.

The plant-houses at the time of our visit were
very gay with a good assemblage of flowering plants.
I\oses are well cared for, and are, moreover, forced
in quantity, as the present proprietor. W. H. Burns,
Esq., and his family, are very partial to the flower.
Chrysanthemums, too, are favourites, 150 varieties
being grown.

The kitchen garden — ^about 4 acres in extent — is
well kept. It lies on a gentle slope, and is somewhat
sheltered.

The training of the wall fruit trees is a point
liaving much and careful attention, Mr. Coulter,
and liis foreman, i\Ir. Hubbard, priding them-
selves, and justly, upon their satisfactory condition in
this respect. It is labour well employed — neatness,
order, and stvle, in a garden. B.

Forestry,

A BIT OF GREEN IN OUR DECIDUOUS
AVOODS.
"Want of thought can alone be the reason why so
many woods and plantations during the winter
months present so cold and unenticing an appearance,
for what is more cheerless and uninteresting to the
pedestrian, what more detested by game and small
birds generally, than unchanging expanses of leafless
liardwoods ? When we have such a choice of plants
that are pre-eminently adapted for such a purpose,
let us by all means utilise them, and convert our
bare, shelterless woodlands into pleasing and attrac-
tive scenes, and fitting places for the abodes of
animal life in general. Even a few evergreens placed
jiere and there along the outskirts of such woods as
are composed of deciduous trees, have a wonderful
effect in producing that warm and clothed appear-
ance that every well-managed woodland should
present. Foremost amongst our commonly culti-
vated shrubs or small-growing trees, the Yew, the
Holly, and the evergreen Oak, are, perhaps,
most useful for the purpose under consideration,
but as to which of the three should stand first on
the list I could not, although I were willing, con-
scientiously decide, each having some peculiarity of
its own, or perhaps, on the other hand, some defect

74

TEE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[July If,, 1887.

that renders it preferable or of less value as the case
may be. It is seldom necessary to plant these when
the woods are being formed, as the thickness of the
trees, deciduous tliough they be, dispels to a very
great extent, the nakedness and coldness that charac-
terise such when of more mature growth. When
the plantations have attained a height of 20 feet or
so, and are fairly well thinned out, then in tlie most
open places plant out good sized bushes of the trees
above named, and by the time the wood has attained
full size andmaturity, they likewise will bo beginning
to let themselves be seen, and to impart a cheerful-
ness and character to the wood that it is quite
impossible to supply otherwise. A. D. Wvhstci:

INDIAN ORCHIDS.

{Continued from p. T<i6, vol. i., 3rd ser.)

The nearer we approach the equator the more
extended becomes the period of rainfall, and thus
the resting season in places near the line is curtailed.
In the Andaman Islands rain falls eleven months
out of the twelve, and in the Mergui Archipelago,
Perak, and countries and islands to the south, there
is a certain amount of rain during the driest period
of the year.

The various varieties of Phalxnopsis growing in
this part of the world are non-deciduous, and may
be said to grow all the year round. The islands of
the Archipelago are rich in varieties of Aerides,
Arundina, Calanthe, Cirrhopetalum, Cleisostoma,
Cujlogyne, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dendrochilum,
Eria, Eulophia, Autectochilus, Saccolabium, Sarcan-
thus, Thrixspermum, Vanda, &c., many of which
have never reached England alive ; also a few
varieties of Dendrobium. The soft condition in
which all these are found (except Dendrobiums) as
compared with allied species in India, makes it
(.■xtremely difficult to get the plants 'home in good
condition — few, indeed, surviving the journey. A
few notes on special island forms which have reached
England alive, and the mode in which they grow,
may assist cultivators in judging their requirements.

Pkal(Bnopsiii tetraepis. — This plant gi'ows on Man-
grove and other trees, in very muddy swamps. It is
never found gi'owing under any other conditions ; it
is only found on trees at the extreme end of the
creeks, where the water is sweet ; it is no good look-
ing for it in swamps that receive sufficient salt water
from the tide to make the water salt. The plant is
found hanging from the branches a few feet above
the water ; here it grows with the most extraordinary
luxuriance. No one seeing the wretchedly small
plants of it which alone have reached England alive
can have an idea of its beauty when found growing
wild. It may be said to grow in a continual vapour
bath, and as the swamps have a very obnoxious
smell, it is no doubt supplied with many chemical
compositions which enhance its growth. It appears
to be a difficult plant to grow in England. The
conditions under which it is found growing suggest
great heat, moisture, and a chequered shade.

Pftaltenopsis spcciosa.—Tlus plant, discovered by
me, is nearly allied, but has a great advantage over
P. tetraspis in being a robust grower. It travels
quite as badly as P. tetraspis, not more than two
plants in a hundred arriving alive, and those only
small plants ; but when once it has recovered the
journey it grows ra])idly, and already we have
flowered some tine varieties in England with branch-
ing spikes of flowers, so tiiat in a few years we may
hope to flower plants with twenty-five flowers, as
they are found in Nature. This plant does not grow
in tlie Mangrove swamps, it givnvs on large trees,
fully exposed to the air; this will probably account
for it being more robust. It can in cultivation stand
a great deal more light than P. tetraspis, probably
as much as any of the other Phahvnopsis.

Thrlxspcnnum Bcrkcleyi. — This pretty Orchid
grows hanging down from the extreme end of the
branches of large trees. Its wiiite spray of flowers
18 very distinct from that of any known Orchid. It
is most like an Aerides, but the flowers have quite a
different form. It grows well in England suspended

in a basket with a little moss. It does not like
being potted. In Nature it receives abundant light,
air, and moisture.

T//na-spermum muriculatum grows under similar
conditions, but beyond being very sweet-scented it
has not much to recommend it.

Saccolabium dcnticulatum. — This curious plant is
abundant on the island of Narcondam. It is very
sweet-scented, but is an extremely difficult plant to
grow in England. It has no resting season under its
natural conditions, and appears to resent the forced
resting season it gets in England.

In India and Burmah the resting season is from
three to six months in Orchid growing districts ; in
the Archipelago the resting season probably does not
exceed six weeks. These points are worth noting
in growing Orchids coming from these districts.
K 6'. B.

(To be continued.)

STRAY NOTES ON HARDY
PLANTS.

CConcluded from p. i>:\.)
Campanula alpina (Jacquin). — Of tliis rare species
I have had two or three dozen fine plants. Thev
flower about the end of April, and look like a dwarf
Canterbury Bell, 4 inches high, with a pyramid of
flowers, each less than an inch long. Dr. Kegel sent
me the seed in tlie spring of 1.S85. I have before
had them from Jfessrs. Fra-bel, They grow for two
years and then flower, and with me, I regret to say,
generally die after flowering without making any
seed, though they are by nature perennial.

Omphalodcs Liicilia.— This at last seems happy
with me on the level top of a granite rockery,
growing in nearly pure granite sand, and exposed to
full sun. There it has grown well for two years,
flowering and ripening seed plentifully. Mr. Paul
grows it very well at Broxbourne on a north slope of
his rockery, but the climate is drier and more sunny
than Cheshire.

Aphyllanthes monspdiensis. — This prettylittle Rush-
like plant witli light blue flowers, produced in June,
is not often seen. It is something like Sisyrin-
chium bermudianum, but neater and more refined,
though not showy ; it is never in the way. It is
quite hardy, and easily increased.

Aiifmonc jmrcissiflora docs exceptionally well here
in rather strong moist soil, and sheltered from full
sun. Well established plants are 18 inches high,
with a dozen umbels of flowers five or six to each
umbel, bearing some likeness to Apple blossom. A.
polyanthes, from tlie Himalayas, which after two
years without flowers has now flowered freelv, is like
a coarse strong form of the same plant, but decidedly
less ornamental. The leaves are less divided than
those of A. narcissiflora, and the habit of the plant
less elegant.

Hkraciimi vUlosum. — I give the name with some
doubt, but the plant intended is one of the very best
garden decorations in May and June. It sends out
towards the sun, which it loves, horizontal flower-
stems, 18 inches long, from a tuft of very woolly and
large leaves, the stalk being also leafy and woolly ;
and the flowers, which are as large as Dandelions,
are very abundant, and pale gold in colour. I raised
it from W. Thompson's seed, and whether the name
is right or not, the plant ouglit to be grown abun-
dantly in every garden on the sunny side of flower
beds. It never seems to flag, however hot the sun or
dry the soil.

Linum narhonense is by far tlie finest of the blue
Flaxes, but is rarely seen true to name. It has the
character of not being hardy, but it has survived
five winters in my garden, and is now very beautiful.
The flowers are very large and campanulate, the
caly.x being long. The habit is not tall or upright,
but very spreading. I am sorry to say that Linum
perenne, a very inferior plant, is often sold for it.

Pentslemon Scottkri. — Tliis early flowering shrubby
Pentstemon requires a dry warm place, and for
many years it died out-of-doors every winter ; but it
has now lived through three winters, and was very

good this spring, making a low bush a yard through,
covered all May with large pale purple flowers.

Orohits for})ii>:<us var. roseiifi. — Under this name
seed came to me from that treasury of rare and
beautiful plants, Mr. W. Thompson "s seed shop, at
Ipswich. It produced plants a foot or more high,
the stems bending over and branching gracefuUv,
the foliage good in form and colour, the flowers of
a bright rose colour, jn-oduced in pairs on slender
pedicels from the axils of the upper leaves. Many
visitors to my garden ask for a piece, but none can
make it grow, and it ripens seed sparingly. I
cannot find it figured or described, and the name is
no longer in Mr. Thompson's catalogue.

Achillea mongolica. — Professor Michael Foster gave
me this last year. It is well worth growing, being a
very large-flowered likeness of A. ptarmica. The
flowers are in large bunches, pure white, and each of
them the size of a shilling. The plant runs freely,
and should have wide room. C. Wolley Dod, Edge
Hall, Malpas. June 21.

OUR NATIVE FERNS AND
THEIR VARIETIES.

On Variation Generally. — To those who have
taken up the study of our native Ferns, and thus be-
come cognisant with the innumerable forms, beauti-
ful as well as curious, into which these have sported,
not only under culture, but to a far greater extent,
under natural conditions, it is a source of sur-
prise that the general public should |iractically be so
ignorant of their existence. In fact, not only
are the abnormal varieties unknown, but the major
parts of the species themselves, for although thou-
sands of gardens and rockeries containing Ferns may
be seen, these will almost invariably be found flUed
with the common male Fern or Lady Fern, and here
and there a ilart's-tongue or Polystichum. Any
attempt at greater variety is a rarity, and not only is
this the case with the general public, but the bulk of
the horticultural trade which caters for it, not only
ignores the existence of the varieties, but actually
contributes to the neglect of British Ferus generally by
offering them for sale — when nurserymen condescend
to do so at all — in the mo.st slovenly fashion, exhibit-
ing them iu a crushed and draggled state, loose in
bo.xes at their doors, exposed to all vicissitudes of
sun and wind — their greatest foes ; while exotic
Ferns are given places of honour in their windows,
carefully potted, and made as attractive as possible,
though after all many of our British forms could
compete with the best of these under like careful
treatment. Indeed, I would challenge any nurseryman
to jiroduce specimen plants of the current species of
exotic Ferns, which could not be surpassed in
beauty and delicacy by plants of native origin. I
write this after going carefully through a catalogue
of e.Kotic and British Ferns issued by a firm of high
standing, and finding parallels in the list of the
latter for every really beautiful plant named iu the
former, filmy Ferns alone excepted.

This neglect is the more astonishing because,
some thirty years ago, the then known varieties
attracted a fair share of attention, so that not only
were collections the fashion, but some of the high
authorities in botanical circles, especially the late
lamented Mr. Thomas iMoore and Mr. E. G. Lowe,
issued splendidly illustrated records embracing as far
as possible all the distinct varieties raised or found at
that time. The " rage," as it appears to have been,
for these beautiful plants lias however had the usual
result, viz., a reaction, which has lasted until now in
the shape of such neglect of the subject generally
that the nurserymen in Great Britain from whom
fair examples of existing types of variation can be
procured, may be counted upon the fingers, while
the private collections are hardly more numerous.

Thanks, however, to the persistent interest shown
by these few, and especially by such enthusiasts as
Mr. G. B. Wollaston, Colonel Jones, of Clifton, and
others, not only have the best of the varieties
formerly known been enabled to survive, but a host
of new and, in many cases, far superior and more

JuiT 18, 1887.1

THE GARDE NEB 8

' CjH.

RON I CLE.

75

beautiful forms have been found wild or raised under
culture by careful selection. It follows that the
illustrated records of sixteen to twenty years ago
yield only an imperfect notion of the many gems of
Nature's handiwork which now grace the existing
collections, gratifying the tastes of tlie few instead
of, as they should do if properly recognised, tlie
many.

During the past two years, however, there have
been manifest signs of a renewal of that interest in
these plants, and the most gratifying evidence of this
is tlie establishment at Kew of a new rockery, which
s to be specially devoted to them. This fills a long-
felt gap in our national collection of British Flora,
the extent of which will only be adequately appre-
ciated when the general public are enabled to judge

rockery alone in a comparatively dry climate cannot
possibly atford.

With some of the finest varieties before me at the
present moment I can safelv affirm that there is no
class of vegetation more worthy of study in our
schools of art. Mr. Britten, in his European Ferns,
points out the capacity of the normal frond in this
direction in its various stages of growth ; but grace-
ful as this may be it needs a study of the more highly
developed and extremely ornate variation to pro-
perly appreciate the elaborate and intricate tracery
of lacelike delicacy shown in some of the best Lady
Ferns, or the bolder treatment evinced in other types,
such as the frilled and fimbriated Hart's-tongues. A
careful study of these types would be a liberal educa-
tion for technical designers and draughtsmen of all

together plants of various species, which in their
normal forms nobody could class together, but
wliich, by varying in the same direction, have become
so similar that it needs close in-spection by the best
judges to determine any difference at all. No two
Ferns, for instance, can be more dissimilar than the
common Hart's-tongue and the Lady Fern — the one
a strap-shaped frond, the other a long feathery one
divided into innumerable segments; yet there are
dwarf densely crested forms of both of these, which
are all but undistinguishable the one from the other.
The specific distinction, however — i.e., the character
of the spore-heaps — are maintained through nearly
all metamorphoses.

Variation, as is generally knoivn, is common to
all types of organic life, and just as no two men

i'lG. 16. — HATFIELD : VIEW FROM THE TOP OF THE VIXEVARD. (SEE P. 7'J.)

for themselves the nature of the beauties and oddities
which the variable character of our few normal types
of Ferns has afforded. It is, however, to be hoped
that tlie Kew authorities will see their way to
go a step further and devote a small unheated
house to some of the smaller and more delicate
forms, since it must not be forgotten that the climate
of London is not so well adapted to the requirements
of all the species that they can fairly be expected to
thrive in all cases without protection. Some of the
more delicate varieties, too, imperatively demand pro-
tection from wind, and under normal exposure would
yield but a sorry idea of what they are capable of
becoming under such congenial conditions as would
be afforded them in some secluded nook in such a
climate as th-at of Devon. To represent the tribe
fairly, therefore, as near an approach as possible to
their normal habitats and atmospheric conditions
must be made, and this it is manifest an open

kinds, for here we liave Nature at her best ; while
even in the merely curious forms, where eccentricity
rather than beauty has characterised her efforts,
there would be found many a hint worthy of
adoption.

With the view, therefore, of contributing a quota
to this promised revival, I purpose giving descrip-
tions of some of the most striking varieties extant,
couched in a popular form, and handicapped as little
as possible by those terrilile botanical names which
are so often a bugbear to tlie amateur.

These descriptions will be accompanied by any
details regarding their di.scovery or origin which
may be of interest, and prefaced by some observations
on Fern hunting, culture, and propagation.

Before, however, proceeding to do this, it will be
well to classify and define, as far as possible, the
main types of variation, some of which are common
to numerous species ; ind''ed, it is possible to bring

are exactly alike in feature, stature, or disposition,
so no two plants are exact counterparts of each
other so far as outward appearance goes, or pro-
bably even in constitution. It is owing to this,
generally only slight, divergence of the offspring from
the parent type and from each other, that our horse,
dog, and cattle breeders, as well as our fioricultnrists
and fruit culturists, by constant selection of those
individuals which show the greatest tendency in any
given direction, have been able to give us those
extremely distinct types of horse, dog, cattle, flower,
or fruit, which we now employ or enjoy. It
is not, however, solely to this artificial selection
that we are indebted — i.e., it is not merely by
the slow accretion of slight differences that such
results have been reached. Nature here and there
makes, as it were, a jump backwarks, the result
of which is that types differing in a very
marked degree from the (nearer) progenitors make

'76

THE GAB DENE n S' CHI? ONI CLE.

[JtJLT 16, 1887.

their appearance, ami constitute really special
creations. In the animal world this happens rarely,
though by reference to Mr. Darwin's Animals and
Plants under Domcslkation, some most striking in-
stances will be found recorded. In flowering plants,
as every horticulturist knows, the cases are numerous
enough, marked variations appearing quite suddenly,
and enabling the grower to make an immense stride
in very oiten a new and unforeseen direction.
Hybridisation is also a potent factor, but does not
materially affect my subject, the microscopic cha-
racter of the reproductive phenomena of Ferns pre-
cluding any very reliable results, though hybrids
undeniably have been intentionally produced, the
joint characteristics of both parents being manifest
in the offspring.

In Ferns, however, it seems the rule rather than
e.xce])tion that Nature proceeds per saltum, since the
most marked varieties have almost always been dis-
covered "wild and solitary, no plants having been
found of intermediate form likely to be a connecting
link. The normal type once departed from, the
tendency to vary seemed enhanced, and hence,
starting from these wild plants, a great number of im-
proved— i.e., more beautiful or more curious — forms
have been raised by the ordinary selective method.
It is a well recognised fact, that in the great
majority of cases these abnormal forms yield true
offspring ; some seem never to revert to the normal ;
othei's, however, are extremely wayward, not only in
respect to their offspring but also in their individual
retention of tlie .abnormal characteristics. Many of
the finest forms of Polystichum sometimes suddenly
revert to the normal form for a time, and then re-
assume their abnormality ; some Ferns through their
spores produce all grades of their peculiar variation,
ranging from quite normal up to more marked types
than themselves : these are naturally fertile sources
of new forms. On the other hand, hundreds of more
peculiar forms may be raised, all without any detect-
able difference from the parental type.

The main ty]ies of variation wliich are common
to most of our Britisli species, and probably to most
e.\otic ones, though tliis is not yet established, owing
to greater dilHculty of search, are —

Crcstation (i.e., a multiplication of some or all of
the extremities of the fronds and their sub-divisions).
— This ranges from a simple forking of the tip of the
fronds only, to an infinite division of all the p.arts
from the main stem upwards, and has been carried to
such an extent in one of the Lady Ferns (Athyrium
Filix-foemina var. aerocladon), that instead of a flat
feathery frond we have, apparently, a ball of very
fine moss all but resting on the soil. This cresting,
which more commonly takes the form of a more or
less heavy tassel, is in its turn varied infinitely
in its character, not merely by the multiplication of
the divisions which form it, but also by the mode of
division. Thus, it may divide symmetrically in the
same plane, forming a wide or a narrow fan-shaped
crest, or these divisions may be again subdivided
symmetrically at greater or less distances, forming a
flat latticework. Let then each division be more or
less twisted and every degree of curvature will give
a different effect, or the simple fan may be elongated
and the tips fanned out again. Here we have mani-
festly already a great scope, yet this is doubled by
.the capacity of the divisions to radiate like the
blossoms of a Geranium (corymbiferous), with all the
like variations repeated. The crest may also be
formed by undivided expansion of the tips — like a
duck's foot, instead of a crow's, to give a familiar
.example; and then again all these combinations are
. connected with other varying characteristics of the
frond itself, which may have overlapping or distant
sub-divisions (pinna:, pinnules, or pinnulets, accord-
ing as they form first, second, or third divisions), all
of which differences affect the result so much that
the eye can easily distinguish the differences which
characterise many variations of the same normal
form. This cresting in one or other of its forms is
the cliaracteristic of the magic number of variations.

Plumafion. — This is by some considered, and with
reason, the most beautiful mode of variation yet

discovered. It consists either in a much more
delicate division and growth of the ultimate sections
of the frond, or in a greater foliaceous development,
the result being as great a difference as that between
a goose feather and an ostrich fe.ather among the
divided Ferns, such as the Lady Fern, and between a
plain strap and an elaborate fringed frill in the case
of the Hart's-tongue type. In this class of variation
the normal outline of the frond is maintained,
except of course where it is combined with cristation,
which frequently is the case. The plumose charac-
ter is usually accompanied by partial or entire
absence of spores, tlie vigour of the plant being ap-
parently absorbed by its extra development in other
directions. There seem, however, good grounds for
the belief that though spores are not formed, the
reproductive powers of the plant are enhanced in
other ways, such as by the production of buds, latent
or evident, on various parts of the frond. From
experiments the writer finds that the barren Hart's-
tongue can be propagated much more freely from
latent buds at the bases of the fronds than is the
case with fertile varieties. This would harmonise
with Darwin's Iiypothesis of Pangenesis, and suggests
the advisability of a closer investigation of the so-
called barren forms generally. Dwarfing and
depauperation are self-descriptive terms, and embrace
mainly those forms which are more curious than
beautiful ; some, however, of the dwarfed forms are
extremely pretty, and are sjiecially adapted for small
collections.

Congestion. — This also characterises many of the
prettiest forms, and is usually conjoined with dwarf-
ing, all the parts of the frond being, as it were,
closely pressed togetlier and overlapping.

The above form the main classes of variation, and
two or more of them may be, and often are, conjoined
in one and the same plant, which of course immensely
increases the possibilities. Besides these there are
endless forms wliich can only be classed as oddities.
There are, for instance, the proliferous forms, where
young plants bud out at any point ; cornute and
truncate forms, where the midrib suddenly projects
from the face or back of tlie frond like a Thorn, or
tlie frond ends as suddenly in a pocket, a horn, or a
frill, or all these combined ; serpentine forms, where
all the parts .and the whole Fern itself are twisted
about like a serpent; marginate forms, where lines
or ridges run aloug the upper or under surface;
revolute forms, where the frond is rolled up longi-
tudinally like a tube ; and so on ad infinitum. Charles
T. Briieri/, F.L.S.

following varieties of Fuchsias also received three
marks : — Light varieties : Mrs. Bright, wliite tube
and sepals, deep pink corolla ; Prince Alfred, white
tube and sepals, and deep purple corolla ; Kose of
Castille, a fine old decorative and exhibition variety;
Mr. Rundell, salmon tube and sepals, and reddish-
carmine corolla; and Marginata, white tube and
sepals, the pink corolla, having a Picotee edge of
carmine — one of the best exhibition Fuchsias. Dark
varieties : Roderick Dim, red tube and sepals, and
violet corolla, which expands until it stand out quite
horizontal ; Gracieux, red tube and sepals, and
bright purple corolla ; Dr. Sankey, red tube
and sepals, and shaded crimson corolla, very fine
and free ; Adolphe Legour, bright red tube and
sepals, purple crimson corolla ; Charming, red tube
and sepals, and purple-coralla — very fine and free,
a grand decorative variety ; Sedan, red tube and
sepals, and carmine-crimson corolla, pale red tube and
sepals, with double white corolla, very fine and free
Mr. Richard Paxton, deep bright red tube and sepals,
with maroon corolla, distinct and effective golden
foliage ; and Frau Emma Topfer, bright coral-red
tube and sepals, with pale rose double corolla. Two
marks were awarded to Wave of Life, red tube and
sepals and deep purple corolla, and distinct golden
foliage.

Fruit Committee Awards.— Three marks were also
awarded to the following Peas by this committee: —
Chelsea Gem, a very dwarf early variety that appears
to be identical in all respects with William Hurst,
differing only in the seed, being pale instead of olive ;
Exonian, 3i feet, early, bearing short, pale green well
filled pods, of excellent flavour; this variety needs a
free selection before it is sent out ; and Laxton's
No. C, dwarf and early, 18 inches in height, large
full pods, a good useful garden variety.

FLORAL COMMITTEE AWARDS
AT SOUTH KENSIXGTON.
A MEETiNO of the Floral Committee was held at
Chiswick on July 1, there being a good attendance of
members, Mr. Shirley Hibberd in tlie chair, when the
following varieties of Ivy-leaved Palargoniums re-
ceived each three marks, equivalent to a I'irst-class
Certificate of Merit : — Massenet, rosy-mauve, shaded
with crimson ; General Negrin, bright jiink, suffused
with salmon-rose ; M.adame Tliibaut, clear rose, with
slight mauve shading ; Emily Lemoine, pale bright
orange-red ; A. F. Barron, pale pink, very free and
fine ; Jeanne d'Arc, the best white ; Alice Crousse,
rosy-mauve, shaded with purple; Madame Cochine,
pale blush ; Laura Daise, rosy-carmine, a fine compact
flower, and good truss; Abel Carricre, rose, shaded
with mauve — very fine and free ; and Mrs. David
Saunders, clear jiale pink, large pip and truss. All
the foregoing are double flowering varieties. The
following received two marks: — Congo (double),
rosy mauve-pink, good habit ; and Cannell's
Gem (single), white changing to pale pink,
with rosy-pink spots on the upjjer segments.
It may be remarked that a good deal of confu-
sion exists among the Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums, the
same variety appearing to exist under two or three
names. If a sub-committee of the Floral Committee
could be appointed to revise the list of varieties, put-
ting all synonyms under one heading, a good deal of
this perplexing confusion might be removed. The

The Flower Garden.

Watehing. — This will now occupy the largest
share of attention. It should be done thoroughly ;
far better water one or two beds at a time effectually
than many slightly. This operation is best per-
formed in the evening, or else advantage taken of a
cloudy day. As soon as the surface afterwards is
sufficiently dry the Dutch hoe should be employed to
keep the surface open.

Bedding Plants. — These will now have covered the
ground, but the season has not, so far, been favour-
able to their growth. The plants are more disposed
to blossom than to grow. Where the flowers are not
required for immediate display these should be
removed altogether ; by so doing the plants will be
induced to make further growth. Carnations should
be layered forthwith, and prior to layering give the
beds a thorough soaking with w.ater. When the
plants are in full bloom an a^vning of some kind
should be stretched over the beds to shield them
from sun and damp, wdiich very speedily destroy the
blooms.

J^uscs. — Beds and stand.ards of these must receive
copious waterings, to keep them in health. A good
syringing with the garden engine will keep away red-
spider and other pests. Let all budding be seen to
as speedily as possible. Examine the tying material
on the earlier budded stocks, and if the buds have
taken remove it. Last season's buds generally gi'ow
strong the following season, and when opening their
flowers are liable to get broken off, therefore a stake
should be made fast to the stock, and the shoots
loosely fastened to it. Remove the blossoms as
soou as fully expanded, and stop all small growths.
Tie up the shoots of Roses on pillars and screens ;
and do not allow them -to be blown about by the
wind.

Looking ahead. — A general system of note-taking
should now be resorted to for the purpose of correct-
ing any errors of arrangement. The exact height
and spread of the various ])lants used, the number of
plants required for the next season's display; and also
take note of any alteration that would prove advan-
tageous in the design ; moreover, it is much easier to
ascertain what requires alteration when the beds are
furnislied than when em]>ty.

The Rockery should receive liberal syringings during
hot weather, and frequent inspection, to see that

July 16, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

t

17

none of the occupants in the higher parts suffer from
lack of water. The stones should be sj-ringed when
the sun has departed. Many of these subjects are
natives of great altitudes, and some of them come from
the shaded recesses of mountains where they are con-
stantly cool. If such be subjected to an arid atmo-
sphere they are certain to be seriously injured.
Remove the flower-stems and dead foliage, and apply
a little sharp soil to the stems to induce the forma-
tion of fresh roots.

Seeds, ij'c. — Sow those of any plants as soon as
ripe. Polyanthus and Primrose, if sown now in a
moist, warm atmosphere, and pricked off as they
advance in growth, will bloom next spring as soon
as the plants are strong enough. They should be
planted out in good rich soil. Put m cuttings of
Pansies, choosing the young shoots which spring
from the base of the plants ; it does not matter how
small the cuttings may be, for they will be preferable
to the old flower-stems. Cuttings of Hollyhock
should also be put in under hand-lights in a shady
position, choosing young offsets ; but in absence of
these the lateral growths may be cut into single
eyes, and inserted into shai'p sand. Nearly every
one will make a plant. Increase the stock of
Phloxes and other herbaceous plants. William
Baillie, Luton Hoo Farl\

now have finished its pseudobulbs, and can be taken
to a cool-house, and placed near the roof-glass on
the sunny side, giving it less water as the bulljs
ripen. Soon after Miltouia vexillaria starts its
new gi-owth is a good time for repotting it. If
there be any signs of insects infesting them, it will
be best to dip, and clean them before the roots are
disturbed. After the potting is commenced keep
the plants more shaded, damping the floor and stage
often. Keep the surface of the potting maaterial
moist, but do not give heavy waterings until the
plants are again in active growth. For potting
only the fibre of tlie peat should be used, two parts
of this and one of sphagnum ; drain the pots to
about two-thirds their depth with new crocks, mix-
ing some with the compost as the potting proceeds.
C. JVnolford, Downside, Leatherhcad,

Fruits Under Glass.

YouNO Vines. — These, if treated as recommended
at p. 771 of last volume will have made satisfactory
progress. Assuming that the individual Vines have
been stopped once or twice since, and that the

encouraging a corresponding amount of growth at
the roots.

Watering and Ventilation. — Give copious supplies
of water at the roots every eight or ten days ;
syringe the Vines and house generally morning and
afternoon at closing time, and damp the pathways,
&c., about mid-day, and again soon after the sun
has gone oft" the house in tha evening, as much
with a view to promoting a genial atmosphere as
to prevent the Vines being attacked by red-spider.
Ventilate the vineries freely between the hours of
admitting fresh air in the morning (after that which
had been put on late in the evening has been taken
oft' for an hour wlien damping the Vines, &c., at
6 A.M.), and taking it otf in the evening, so as to
secure a short-jointed and firm growth, without
which the best results cannot be expected from the
Vines. H. W. Ward, Lonqford Castle.

Plants and Their Culture.

Grebnhoosb Rhododendrons. — The beautiful
species and hybrids of the Himalayan and Javaii
Rhododendrons ought to receive more extended
cultivation than they do at the hands of gardeners,

Fig. 17. — uatiield : liAuiATixG avenue of trained tews.

Fig 18— HATFIELD PLII ULL Ul rUZZAGAFDEN (SEE F 79)

The Orchid Houses.

THE CATTLEYA HOUSE.

Here we have been gay with flowers of Cattleya
Gaskelliana and the different types of C. gigas. The
former takes kindly to our treatment of it, and
grows freely either on a raft or in pots. With us C.
gigas opens its flowers at the same time as, and
associates very well with, C. Gaskelliana, the rich
colom'ed labellums of the former making a good
contrast to the rather monotonous tints of C. Gas-
kelliana.

Miscellaneous. — Cattleya citrina, now starting to
grow, should be suspended, in the lightest part of
the house in wliich the Lycastes are grown. The
plants will require a good watering every day during
bright weather. The watering-pot is best to use for
these, as to syringe them is dangerous, the water
being sometimes driven into the young growths,
causing decay. About two years ago I fastened
some imported plants of this Cattleya on to the
rafts and suspended them, so that the plants hung
beneath the rafts. These bloomed freely, and are now
breaking strongly. Oncidium cheirophorum should
be always kept wet during its season of growth. It
enjoys a well-ventilated moist house, a little warmer
than for cool Odontoglossums. The flowers of Epi-
dendrum vitellinum majus should not be kept on
the plants too long, as this tends to weaken the new
growths that are now forming. If Dendrobium
Cambrid^eanum has been grown in much heat it will

laterals resulting from the said stopping have been
pinched out as soon as they appeared, thereby
causing the latent bud at the base (which, if the
laterals had been allowed to grow, as is frequently
the case, would not move until next year) to push
into growth after a lapse of a week or ten days, tiie
sap in the meantime will be necessarily directed to
the development of both stem and buds below.
Thus treated, an uniform plumpness in the buds is
secured throughout the entire length of the rods.
When the Vines so stopped have made a couple of feet
of fresh growth, stop them again in the manner indi-
cated, and repeat the operation till the end of the grow-
ing season, except in the case of the temporary Vines,
which are to be cut down after they have fruited in
the next and the following year. These Vines may
be pinched hard at 8 feet from the bottom of the
trellis, but should any rods show buds in the axils of
the leaves with a tendency to burst, a few of the
lateral and sub-lateral shoots at the top of such rods
may be allowed to grow so as to avert the flow of
sap from the buds. In order to obtain the greatest
thickening of the rods and enlargement and conso-
lidation of the buds situated at the base, the lateral
shoots at that part should be stopped at the first or
second joint, as also should the sub-laterals, and those
whicn may afterwards appear should be pinched hard
back. This treatment is also applicable to that por-
tion of the Vine between the ground and the trellis.
Better results will be secured from Vines treated as
indicated, than would be the case from rods the
laterals of which have been allowed to grow unin-
terruptedly during the previous year with a view to

For conservatory decoration they rival Azaleas,
as the plants possess handsomer foliage, and
equally bright flowers ; moreover, they are easily
managed, and thrive well in small pots, while some
of the kinds, of which R. jasmiuiflorum and R.
Princess Alice are types, can have their flowering
season extended by slight forcing. When making
their growth the plants require the temperature of a
warm greenhouse, and should be unsparingly watered
during that time, and, provided the plants are healthy,
assistance may be given with Standen's or Clay's
Fertilisers. After the growth is completed they may
be retained under glass or turned out-of-doors until
the autumn, setting the pots upon a bed of coal-
ashes in a light but sheltered situation. If the latter
plan be adopted care must be taken to replace them
under glass before cold rains or frosts set in, and in
following the former mode of treatment liberal ven-
tilation must be afforded, otherwise they may push
a second growth instead of setting their flower-buds.
The plants must be kept clean by daily syringings,
and have plenty of space afforded them, so that the
wood can be fully matured, as upon this depends
their capacity, in a great measure, to bloom freely.
No attempt should be made to force the plants to
form any particular shape by tying, as they have a
more pleasing eflect when left alone. After the
blossoming season, however, some of them, as
Countess of Haddington and Veitchianum, which
naturally run into straggling shoots, may be advan-
tageously shortened in, thereby causing thf back
buds to break and so keep within limited bounds.
T. Coomher, Ilendre Gardens, Mon.

78

TEE GAB DE NEBS' GHBONICLE.

[JcLT 16, 1887.

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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

the gifts of flowers to the sick and the poor in
their ovm homes, or in the wards of hospitals,
especially those devoted to women and little
children. In these modest ways comfort and
gladsomeness are brought into thousands of
hearts that need it most. But they do these
things differently in France, or at least in Paris,
Most of the flowers at the great fete we have
alluded to, were made to serve three main pur-
poses— first of all, to deck or glorify the donors
or givers. Not a few of the equipages were
completely covered with choice flowers ; the
shafts, roofs, even the wheels of thf carriages,
were flowered all over. The harness and horses
— even the reins in some instances — were
wreathed with flowers. In yet other cases
the occupants could hardly be seen for
flowers, the carriages being filled to over-
flowing with them. Chief among the flowers

SHOWS.

i Lewisham and District Floral Ft.'te
Oi (two days).

( Wirral Kose.

i Southwell Horticultural.
1 .' Salterhebble Kose.

( Highgate Horticultural.

SALES

JrLY ici (Imported Orel
JULY LJy Morris' Rooms.

ids, at Protheroe &

( Stevens' Rooms.

With the exception of Mr. San-

Flora bee's colossal bouquet of Orchids,

Decorations. . l - , -,,

of which we give a special illustra-
tion in the present nmnber, floral decorations
were not prominent features of the glorious out-
burst of loyalty and patriotism in the metropolis
on 'ubilee Day. In the few cases in which flowers
and evergreens were employed they formed a
welcome relief to the monotonous glare of red
cloth which ensanguined the streets. Street
decorations and outdoor fetes are generally better
managed abroad than here, partly because we are
relatively deficient in taste, but more because
here each man does as he likes without consult-
ing his neighbour, and without co-operating with
him. For example, the recent fite of flowers held
in the Bois de Boulogne on behalf of the victims
of the catastrophe at the Opera Comique would
have been impossible in England. Not that we
are destitute of the art of linking flowers to
philanthropy — far from it, but we do it on a
more modest scale and in less demonstrative ways.
We more frequently make the flowers the silent
ministers of sympathy than the means of raising
funds for benevolent purposes. When devoted
to the latter object they mostly appear in the
form of modest plants or bouquets for sale at
bazaars, the proceeds being devoted to philan-
thropic purposes. But our most effective means
of linking flowers to philanthropy consists in

STAND SfPPORTIXG THE JUBILEE BOUQUI

(See p. 79.)

were Lilies of the Valley, white Lilac, Pinks,
Violets, Pa;onies of all colour.s, Daffodils, Nar-
cissi, Forget-me-Xots, Honeysuckles, Pansies,
Pyrethrums of all colours. Horse Chestnuts,
especially the red, so common in Paris ; and
Roses, mostly in bud, as the Koses out-of-doors in
Paris are but little earlier than in England ; but
quantities of Mareohal Niel and other Tea Koses,
grown under glass, were very conspicuous in some
of the carriages. One carriage especially was
smothered with Rosebuds and flowers outside, and
filled to overflowing with Koses within, while the
three ladies who occupied it had basketfuls of
Roses in quantity for distriljution, and these
formed a sort of lining to the carriage all round.
Tulips of many colours. Poppies, Cornflowers,
Marguerites, grasses, field Daisies, the common
and red Thorns, and many other semi-wild or
common flowers, were also profusely used for
the decoration of the carriages, harness, and
horses, as well as of the coachmen and footmen.

The amount and manner of the decorations varied
almost to infinity. While many were most
profusely laden and covered with flowers, others
were content with a bouquet on each lantern,
or one or more on the driver.

Nor must it be too hastily assumed that all
this decoration was of the nature of self-glorifi-
cation. It drew nearly all Paris that could get
away from the races out for to see ; and as the
charge for admission was high — from six francs to
ten francs for carriages — of course the display
drew napoleons as well as an enormous crowd,
and the most bilious Englishmen could not but
admit that it was well worth seeing.

The next step in the programme, and appa-
rently the most attractive to the Parisians, could
hardly be witnessed by lovers of flowers withovTt
pain This consisted in a war of or a battle with
flowers. Happily, wo have nothing analogous
to this in this country, unless the foolish prac-
tice of pelting popular actors on the stage with
bouquets may be considered as bearing some
slight resemblance to the flower-battle — more
popular perhaps and better understood in Vienna
than in Paris. Such seemed the general opinion
in the Bois de Boulogne, as so many of the
flowers missed their marks and fell ingloriously
into the mud. More practice, it is said, would
have enabled the lady and gentleman flower-
throwers or shooters to measure their distance
and hit their mark better. But these contretemjts
only increased the enjoyment of those engaged
in a fast and furious flower fight on behalf of the
victims of the fire. Carried away by the ex-
citement of the crowds and the incidents of
the war of flowers, no one seemed to think of
the tragic incident that had called forth this
fete. Neither were the bemired flowers al-
lowed to lie long in the mud. Volunteer
rescue corps were instantly organised to gather
up the victims of hasty or unskilful throw-
ing; they were quickly cleaned, the bruised
ones removed, and then, by the aid of the
best and cleanest of the single handfuls lying
thickly in all directions, as strewn from the
different carriages, rehabilitated, and resold to
those who had got short of ammunition or who
had failed to provide themselves with any. Thus
many of the flowers aided the philanthropic
funds several times over, while also enabling
those who live by their wits to earn a
good day's wage for themselves in raising the
flowers from the gutters to the noble service of
philanthropy.

To describe the other features of the fete des
fleurs would be out of place, but the fHe of
artificial flowers arranged around the lake
for a mile or more deserves a word of
notice, and even of praise, albeit it was
formed of thousands of Chinese lanterns. By
using those of two colours, white and pink,
and decking the trees around the lake skil-
fully with them, the impression conveyed was
that of huge Kose trees towering up against the
sky, and extending all round the lake. Of course,
distance lent considerable enchantment to the
view, but as the white was only used to set off the
groups of pinks to more advantage, and the latter
were grouped with much skill — now in single file,
and anon in groups of fives, tens, twenties,
fifties, hundreds, or more — the effect was charm-
ingly varied. The boats on the lake were also
illuminated with lanterns of the same colour, and
as they glided near the shore, and the Roses
faded and fell from the trees at times, it seemed
as though the lake and its surroundings were a
fitting end to this fete of flowers, by having
a mimic war of white and red Roses on its own
placid surface.

THE ROYAL JUBILEE BOUQUET.

AJIRANGED BY MR. F. SANDER, ST. AIBANS

July 16, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CIIFOKICLE.

79

The Jubilee Bouquet (see Supplement).—

We are now enabled to give a woodcut illustration of
the Orcliiil bouquet, prepared under Mr. Sander's
direction, and at Hek Majesty's command, for the
decoration ot a corridor in Buckingham Palace on
the occasion of the recent Jubilee festivities. Hiiviug
so Lately described it, we need not now enter into
further details, unless to remind the reader of the
colossal proportions of this floral device. It will be
remembered that Mr. Saxdeh prepared a similar
group for presentation to the Queen of Saxonv at
the recent Dresden exiiibition. This, though scarcely
so large as the Jubilee bouquet, was an even greater
feat of enterprise on Jlr. Sandee's part, as he had
not only to get tlie flowers in this country, but to
convey them to Dresden. Moreover, as a beautiful
photograph now before us shows, the general shape
of the group, and the arrangement of its component
flowers was much more tasteful than in the case of
the Jubilee bouquet. We may be tempted at another
time to give an illustration of the Dresden bouquet.

The Empress Augustas Prize.— 'We show

in fig. 19, p. 78, the vase and stand presented to Mr.
Sander, of St. Albans, by the Empress Ahgcsta, on
the occasion of the Dresden International Show.
May 7 — 15, this year. This prize was awarded
to the finest exhibit in the show, and fell to Mr. F.
Sander, for his great group of Orchids, the plants
composing which he had at gi-eat expense and
trouble taken over from St. Albans. He was per-
mitted to make use of the vase-stand for the royal
bouquet figured on our Supplementary Sheet, when it
was placed in Hek MiJESTY'sapartments in Bucking-
ham Palace.

Hatfield. — Now that public attention has been
especially attracted to this fine mansion, with which
so many historical associations are connected, it may
be well to say that the park and the gardens form by
no means the least of the attractions of this noble
residence. As will be seen from our illustrations,
the Lime tree avenues, the trained trees, clipped
Yews, and twined knots, are quite in accordance
with the style of the mansion. The vineyard is a
survival in name only; now-a-days it is not worth
while to grow Grapes for wine-making in this
country, though it is done as a matter of curiosity,
but in olden times it might have been dift'erent.
Perhaps when the public fountains ran with wine on
jubilee and other similar celebrations, the wine was
home-grown I We doubt if as much could be said
at the Prime Jlinister's garden party the other day !
Hatfield Park abounds in noble Beeches, Limes,
Oaks, and other trees, but special interest attaches
to those we now figure. The authenticity of the
younger trees is unquestionable ; the legend that the
Princess Elizaueth received the news of her sister's
death as she sat under the shade of the now vener-
able tree shown in fig. 21 may be true. The tree
itself is dead, but some Acorns have been inserted
into the bole, and give it a semblance of vitality.
The Mulberries at the four corners of the west gar-
den were, it is said, planted by James I. A full
account of these gardens, with numerous illustra-
tions, was given in our number for May 9, 1874, to
which we refer the reader for further details concern-
ing these unique gardens. Their resources were put
to a strong test on the occasion of the Queen's
recent visit, when, as we learn, the daughter of ilr.
Norman, the head gardener to the Marquis of
Salisbukt, presented a bouquet of Orchids to Her
Majesty.

Royal Agricultural Society's Show,

NewCASTLE-ON-TYNE. — Messrs. Little & Bal-
LANTYNE, Seedsmcu and Nurserymen to the Queen,
Carlisle, exhibit at Stand 265 an interesting collec-
tion of coniferous trees, including varieties of Abies,
Thuia, and Ketinospora from Japan ; Cupressus
and Libocedrus from California ; the beautiful blue
foliaged Abies concolor, and other varieties, from
America ; and Junipers from China. They also
exhibit, in the dried and in a fresh state, varieties of
grass and Clover seeds which are used in the forma-

tion of pastures for a great variety, of purposes.—
The pavilion provided for the use of His Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales was decorated by
Messrs. Wm. Fell & Co.. nurserymen, Hexham,
The entrance was embellished with Ferns, flowering
plants, and hanging baskets filled with flowering
and trailing plants. — Messrs. Webb & Soxs, the
seed growers and manure manufacturers, of Words-
ley, Stoui bridge, and London, have one of the
largest displays in the show-yard. The experi-
ments of Messrs. Webbs' seed farms last year in-
cluded Tobacco growing, upwards of twenty sorts
being cultivated, have enabled them to oft'er seeds
of twelve kinds of Tobacco as being suitable for
growing in this country.

Royal Horticultural Society.— The straw-
berry fete, which took place at Chiswlck on Satur-
day last, being favoured with glorious weather, was
a very satisfactory gathering, picking having to be
worked at closely to keep up an adequate supply of
fruit. Sir Joseph Paxton, Sir Charles Napier, and
President were leading varieties, and Waterloo, a
very large and deeply coloured new sort, met with
much approval. The proceedings were enlivened by
music rendered by the boy's band from the Duke of
York's Orphanage, Chelsea.

Van Houtte Memorial Prizes.— We arc

informed that the committee of the English sub-
scribers have determined to offer two prizes of the
value of £10 each to be competed for at the next
Quinquennial International Exhibition, to be held
in April, 1888, at Ghent, under the auspices of the
Societe Eoyale d'Agriculture et de Botanique— one
prize for the best new varieties of Azalea indica
obtained since 1880, and one prize for the best collec-
tion of hardy trees and shrubs. The Conseil
d'Administration of the Society have intimated their
acceptance of these prizes.

The Horticultural Club.— The annual ex-
cursion of the Horticultural Club, has been fixed for
Wednesday, July 27. The members and friends will
meet at Charing Cross Station, S.E.R., at lOOO a.m.,
and will leave by the 11'15 train for Tunbridge Wells,
where carriages will be in waiting to convey them to
Eridge Castle (the JIarquis of Abeegav-enxy's), where
they will lunch ; afterwards drive to Penshurst Place
(Lord DE Lisle and Dudley), and to Redleaf (F. C.
Hills, Esq.), returning to Tunbridge Wells to dinner,
at 6, and leaving for London at 8'25. Communica-
tions should be made at once to the Rev. H. Hoxy-
wooD D'OstBRAis, Secretary, Westwell, Ashford,
Kent.

A School of Forestry. — Evidence was given
lately before the Select Committee of the House
of Commons on this subject, presided over by Sir E.
Lechmere, by Mr. Cluttox, President of the Sur-
veyors' Institute. In his opinion a National School
of Forestry should be established by the State of
Great Britain, and should be under the control of
a Board, to give scientific instruction in forestry to
students who had acquired general education else-
where. He would not graft this on any private or
commercial establishment. The large woods in
England were generally well managed, but the small
ones were not. Mr. Evan Powell, of Llandudno, a
Fellow of the Surveyors' Institute, believed the
timber trade in this country had been depressed for
some years, but the time would come when there
would be a change. Forests in the United States
and in Canada were being denuded by forest fires
and by the ravages of stock. In some of the Southern
States one could buy land at 5s. an acre with the
timber on it. The timber was burnt off and the land
became more valuable for pasture. In ten years
10,000,000 acres of forest in the United States were
destroyed by fire. England was taking less care
of her timber than any Continental country.
Preferential rates for foreign timber a:-ted pre-
judicially on the home trade. One could send
timber 700 miles in America for the same price
that one would pay for a transit of 100 miles in

England The best place for a National School of
Forestry for the British Empire would be London.
It would be a good thing to plant trees in this
country now for consumption fifty years hence. He
was of opinion woods ought not to be rated, because
it was to the interest of the country that timber
should be gi-own, not only for its own sake, but as
shelter, and the increased rating should come from
the increased value of land thus sheltered. He con-
sidered woods required the attention of the State
more than cereals, because the latter were grown for
immediate profit. In Germany there was very strict
legislation indeed for the protection of forests. Sir
J. Hooker, for many years Director of Kew, con-
curred with suggestions made last session by Colonel
Pearson, recommending scientific instruction in
forestry for India, and for wood reeves in England.
The Rev. John Brown, author of many well-known
works on forestal science, related his experience of
forest schools in Spain, where scientific instruction
was given and practical lessons taught through
nurseries and museums. As to this country, there
should, he thought, be one school of forestry for the
whole Empire. He knew no place more suitable for
such a school than Edinburgh.

Turnham Green Scientific and Literary

Society.— On Thursday, the 7th inst., this Society
held its second annual garden party in the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, when
members and friends exhibited philosophical instru-
ments, works of art, and natural history specimens
in abundance. Part of the lawn was illuminated at
dusk with little glass lamps suspended from chains,
and the flower beds were picked out by lamps being
placed on the ground. The Chiswick Gardens lend
themselves well for such gatherings as this.

EUCHARIS MASTERSII. — Lately Mr. Coopee,
gardener to the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, fur-
nished us with blooms of a Eucharis raised between
E. Sanderi and E. Candida. On submitting the
flower to Mr. Baker he at once recognised the
flower as the one described in the Botanical Mac/azine,
t. 6381, as Eucharis Mastersii. If no error of obser-
vation has occurred Mr. Cooper's new hybrid is thus
of a verv interesting character. Other cases of a
similar kind among Orchids have occurred, but the
chance of error is so great that these instances are
naturally looked on with some amount of suspicion.

Inarching in a Vegetable Marrow. — Mr.

E. White, of the Bournemouth Nurseries, sends us
a good illustration of the union of the fruit of a
■Vegetable Marrow to the main stem for the whole
length of one fruit. When one remembers how
crowded are the parts at the earliest stage of their
development, the wonder is, not that they occasion-
ally adhere one to the other, but that they do not
more frequently do so.

Hybrid Lychnis. — The article on the interest-
ing plant forwarded to us by Mr. Walker, of
Chester, and described in our last issue, has elicited
the following correspondence, from which it will be
seen that the same, or a very similar hybrid, has
been noted previously. Mr. Buebidge, of the Uni-
versity Botanic Garden, Dublin, writes : —

" I was verv much interested in your account on
p. 57 of Mr. Walker's hybrid between Lychnis Flos-
Jovis and L. coronaria, since my friend, Mr. Smith,
of NewTy, informed me three days ago that the
same, or a simil.ar hybrid, has appeared with him
this year, and from fresh specimens he sent to me I
quite agree with Mr. Walker's opinion that it is a
fine garden plant, and superior to either of its sup-
posed parents. It will be very interesting to hear if
this chance hybrid has appeared elsewhere. You say
no such hybrid is described in Dr. Focke's work, but
on turning to my own Cultivated Plants, p. 237, 1 find
that such a hybrid was described by M. Pepin as
long ago as 1843 {Aiinalcs de Flore et du Pomoiie,
1843). It is said to be handsome, with large and
brilliantly coloured flowers, the plant being inter-
mediate in habit between its parents."

Mr. Smith, of Newry, writes :— " I have a group of
three plants in a large bed of Agrostemma Flos-Jovis.

80

THE GABDENERS' CEBONICLE.

[July 16, 1887.

I look upon it as midway between a coronaria and
a Flos-Jovis ; anyhow, it is a very useful and eifec-
tive plant, flowering in the most profuse manner,
differing from coronaria in being useful lor cutting.
When you go to cut a spray of that one, you gene-
rally find there is only one flower on the spray ; this
one would have seven or eight on the same spray.
Have you ever seen anything like it before ? "

Education, Technical and Other.— Speak-
ing recently on this subject Sir John Lubbock is
reported to have said that we import £150,000,000
worth of food, and tliat our poijulatiou is increasing
at the rate of 350,000 a year. These are facts
which should compel attention. Rivalry in the
manufactory and workshop [and we may add in the
iield and in the garden] are not less severe, said
Sir John, because it is a competition rather than a
contest. Our ignorance, he said, costs us much
more than our education. Dwellers in the vicinity
of Covent Garden have excellent opportunities of
judging of the enormous quantities of foreign produce
that comes to market daily — the racing speed at
which the w^aggons from the several railway stations
communicating with the Continent or with America
endeavour to reach the market first so as to
secure the best prices. All this is satisfactory
enough from one point of view, but when we
note that a very large proportion of this pro-
duce might be grown in this country just
as well as abroad, the seriousness of tlie matter
sliould compel us to take steps to place the growers
of this country more on a par with those of other
countries. One way and a very potent means is by
the improved education of the gardener and farmer.
But some one will sa}', is not the British gardener
at the top of the tree as regards practice ? Admitting
an allirniative reply to this question, we are still
confronted with the facts that many of the young
gardeners of the Continent are much better edu-
cated than our own — that they work for less money,
arc less exacting in their requirements, and that
from one cause or another our home cultiviitors
are being beaten out of the market. To maintain
our position, we require to be not only as good as
our competitors, but better. Some of the condi-
tions under which we labour are incapable of direct
amendment, but improved education, theoretical and
technical, are certainly within our means.

M. LUCIEN Linden.— M. Lucifn Linden desires
us to say that his new address is 100, Hue Belliard,
Brussels, where his personal letters are henceforth
to be addressed instead of at Ghent.

Twickenham Horticultural Society. —

The grounds of Orleans House, Twickenham, were
utilised on the 6th inst. for tlie annual exliibition of
this Society, which ivas a very good one. Messrs.
Jackson & Son and Messrs. Hooper & Co., both of
Twickenham, showed largely and well in various
instances. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, had
a collection of cut Roses of great merit. Orchids
and Lilies were represented by Mr. W. Goudon,
Twickenham. H. Little, Esq. (gr., Mr. F. Hill),
Twickenham, contributed a very extensive and
varied collection of Orchids, showing several fine
pieces. This exhil)it was the prominent feature of
the show.

Mr. H. N. Ridley.— This botanist, who is
attached to the staff' of the Natural History Museum.
and has paid much attention to Orchids, has lately
started with Mr. Geo. Maw for Fernando Noronha —
an island off the north-east coast of Brazil, and one
the natural history of wliicli is but little known.

Californian and Japanese Clover. —
Messrs. Jas. Cautki; & Co. send us specimens of a
species of Clover used as forage in California. It is
an annual with hollow stems, small trifoliolate spine-
edged leaves, and heads of flowers surrounded by an
involucre of cream-coloured bracts. The plant is
Trifolium fucatum, originally introduced to this
country by Doublas, and figured many years since

by LiNDLEY in tlie Botaniml Register, t. 1883. We
have not been able to find any account of its employ-
ment in this country. At the same time Messrs.
Cabtek favoured us with a sample of Jap.anese
Clover — Lespedeza striata — which seems to us more
promising.

The Royal Botanic Society's Evening

Fete. — We believe tliis was one of the most enjoy-
able that has been held of late years. Amongst the
numy flowers sent to the gardens on this occasion
was a fine group of annuals and ornamental grasses,
and the collection was considered of such high merit
that a Silver Medal was awarded for it to the
exhibitors, Messrs. James Carter & Co. Mrs. [J.
BiNNs, Southam, whose artistic productions, in the
form of pictures composed of dried natural flowers,
have often been noticed in these pages, exhibited a
number of specimens of her work, but for want of
space some of the best sent could not be placed.

The Leeds Horticultural Society.— A

basket of fifty red and white Roses, typical of the
fifty years of her happy reign, and of the historic
union of the Houses of York and Lancaster in her
royal ancestry, was lately presented to Her Majesty
by this Society. The basket was trimmed with
Brussels point lace by Messrs. Marshall & Snel-
OROVE, Leeds ; the flowers were arranged by Mr.
Feathebstone, of St. Ann's Nurseries, Leeds.

Exhibition of Chrysanthemums at De-
vizes.— The annual exhibition in connection with
the Benevolent Society at Devizes will take place on
Tuesday, November 15. A Gold Jubilee Cup, value
ten guineas, is offered by Mr. C. N. May, for twenty-
four blooms of incurved Chrysanthemums, not less
than eighteen varieties; and a second prize of a
.Silver Cup, value five guineas, is given by the
JIayor, Mr. T. Ch.\ndlee ; while other valuable
prizes are offered.

Oxford. — A meeting of the Oxfordshire Natural
History Club was held in the Botanic Garden on
Friday last, July 8, when Professor Balfour gave an
address on the subject of " perennation " of plants,
perennation being defined as the " persistence of the
life of the plant by vegetative means and not by
seed." The Professor's main point in addressing a
body of working naturalists was that they should not
confine themselves to the mere discrimination of
species, but study the life-history of the several
plants, and endeavour to ascertain the significance of
the diversities of structure and arr.angement so con-
spicuous in plants.

The Apiary.

EXTRACTING AND BOTTLING.
The above words sound very pleasant, and by the
time this reaches tlie public eye will be in full swing.
I think it is decidedly advisable in all cases to let
the honey be sealed before extracting. More honey
may perhaps be obtained by taking out the frames
and extracting before the comb is sealed, but in
that case a honey ripener is required, which is at
the same time troublesome and expensive. More-
over, the honey is never so well ripened as when it
is done in the hive, and for my own part I would
rather put up with less honey ripened in the hive
tlian a larger quantity ripened out of it. It does not
matter greatly what time of day the honey is taken
out of the hive. Some people say. Take it out in the
middle of the day, as many of the bees will be out in
the fiidds at that time, and so there will be less bees to
attack you. There may be something in that, as it
is quite certain you will^not be attacked by the bees
that are absent. On the other hand, the bees
whicli are absent have not been frightened by the
smoke you have probably administered, and may give
you a sting when returning. There are advantages
in taking the honey when all the bees are at home,

as a thoroughly good dose of smoke will then give
them their quietus, and the frames may then be easily
removed. There is always more or less confusion
caused by returning bees when this is done in the
middle of the day, and our American cousins seem
so satisfied on that point that they make little tents
just large enough to cover up a hive and a man, under
which the thing can be done comfortably. These
tents are made of fine wire cloth, and surrounded by
one of these you could bestow a ghastly smile on the
bees outside.

Whatever difference of opinion may exist as to the
time of removing honey from the hives, there is very
little about tlie best time for extracting. There is
little doubt th.^t evening is the best time. Bees
will not be prowling about tlien, but will be at home,
and so you will not be bothered with them. 1 once
began about 10 o'clock in the morning. I was soon
discovered by the bees, and had to give up, and could
not extract for some days, because the bees came
day after da}' to the same place to see what was going
on. After extracting it is a good plan to run the
honey into a vessel to stand a few days. If this
vessel is provided with a treacle tap the honey can be
run out into bottles very easily, and it will be most
beautifally clear. If you want some artistic bottles,
you should apply to Breffit's, Upper Thames Street,
London. Walter Chitty, I'ewsci/.

The Kitchen Garden,

SEEDS TO SOW.

Turnips. — From now onwards to the second week
in August, is a good time to make provision for a
good supply of Turnips, for winter and spring con-
sumption ; moderately firm, light rich soil suits them
best, and the surface before sowing should be ren-
dered fine and workable by forking, raking, &c., after-
wards sowing in shallow drills from 15 to 18 inches
apart. Among the best varieties for these sowings
are Veitch's Red Globe and Green-top White Stone.
Chirk Castle and Orange Jelly are also good hardy
kinds, and should be grown for flavouring soups, &c.
Thin out the young plants as early as possible, and
before they become overcrowded and weakly. Sow
also about the middle of the month some good early
sort of Cabbage such as EUam's Early, or Wheeler's
Imperial, and again a fortnight or so later on,
another and more general sowing should be made,
which will consitute the main supply ibr next spring
and summer. To ensure a good seed-bed during hot
dry weather, it is necess.ary that the soil should be
made very fine, and well watered before and after
sowing, and also partially shaded, until the seeds
germinate and are well above ground.

Onions. — Make a small sowing of White Lisbon in
drills 1 foot apart, and the main autumn sowing a
month later on. Now also would be a good time to
make a late sowing of Early Horn Carrot on a south
border ; these should give a supply of young roots
well through the winter months.

Lettuces. — Sow now in warmer situations, to give a
supply in late autumn and winter; likewise Batavian
and green curled Endive, Radishes, Mustard and
Cress, Chervil, and other requirements for salads.

General Work. — Clear the ground of early Potatos
in readiness for succession crops ; if not quite
firm and ripe, the tubers should be allowed to remain
on the ground for a few hours to set the skin, and
afterwards removed to a cool shed, and lightly
covered over. John Austen, Witley Court Gardens,

Home Correspondence.

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. — As the writer
of the few notes in your columns for February 12,
over the signature " H. J. C. " — which, in coujunc-
tion with Mr.Penny's note on thesame page may fairly
lay claim to have originated the above-named sch me
—I h.ave great pleasure in seeing the very successful
way in which it has lieen taken up by horci imurists
of all classes. Considering the very num'ious calls
made on your readers this year, I think my words,
" very successful," ar.; not at all too strong. Per-
sonally 1 think tlmt many thanks are due to you for
using your widely rea'l columns so freely in bringing

JtiiT 16, 1887.]

TEE GARDE NEBS' GHEONICLE.

'HI

81

the matter before your readers, as also to the rest of
of the horticultural Press for a similar service.
Amongst the many others who have given their
time and experience to maturing plans for the future
working of the Fund, and other organising work in
connection therewith, I think that much is due to
Jlr. Barron, of Chiswick, for using so freely his great
horticultural inBueuce on its behalf. I can the
more freely utter this sentiment as I have not tiie
honour of being personally acquainted with him, or
but very sliglitly. I have faith that in due time the
Orphan Fund will do a good work generally. From
the very nature of it, it does, and will, appeal to the
sympathy and help of all horticulturists, and I doubt
not, successfullv. H. J. Clayton^ GriTmiun Gardent^,
ludtasler,Ju/i/'n.

CHEIRANTHUS MARSHALM.— I was amused to
observe the following para,graph in this paper of the
2nd inst. : — " Cheiranthus Marshallianus. — We learn
that this form has this season been found in the Edin-
burgh Botanic Garden growing on C. alpinus, of
wliich it is therefore to be considered as a sport."
Tile Cheiranthus Marshalii is a hybrid between
Cheiranthus ochroleucus and Erysimum Perowski-
anum. I and my brother were fond of experiment-
ing upon plants by hybridising, and this plant was
selected from a batcii of seedlings raised from seed
saved from the Cheiranthus ochroleucus, fertilised
with the pollen of Erysimimi Perowskianum. The
phmt was illustrated, and its description, history,
and culture, given in the Gardeners Magazine of
Butany of July 15, 1850. Owing to some in-
quiries made in this paper regarding its origin,
to clear up tlie matter I wrote out a paper,
which appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle on
August 28, 1875, giving full particulars regard-
ing it. An interesting paper followed on Sep-
tember 4, from Mr. A. Dean ; other papers have
appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle since then
regarding experiments made by Mr. James Allen, of
Shepton Mallet. 1 hope this explanation will serve
to correct any misunderstanding that exists regard-
ing the origin of this plant. Even in Hemsley's
Handbook: uf Hardy Trees, Shrubs, and Her-
iaceoits Plants, they fall into the error of supposing
it to be a hybrid between the common Wallflower
and Cheiranthus alpinus ! James Marshall, Montrose.

CHAM/EROPS FORTUNEI. — With reference to
Mr. Baker's remarks on the flowering of Chamnerops
Fortunei at p. 54 of your issue for .July 9, I would
beg to state that in the Proceedings of the Linnean
Society for June 21, 1877, is contained the following
brief account : — " Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S., exhibited
a panicle of the Chama;rops Fortunei which had
flowered without more protection than was afibrded
by mattings stretched over a wire cage. The pkant
was planted in 1864, and was thus protected for five
years. In 1,S70 it occurred to Dr. Braithwaite that
snow fell in Northern China, the home of this
Palm, and that it would be possible for it to
live here without protection. The plant flowered for
live consecutive years in his garden at Clapham.
In 1873 it produced three panicles, in 1874 and 1.875
the same number, in 1876 five, and 1877 two, the
latter having been exhibited before the Linnean
Society on June 21." I was present at the meeting
of the Linnean Society wlien this panicle was pro-
duced, and was so much struck with its beauty that
I wrote to Dr. Braithwaite for further infor-
mation. With a kindness and courtesy I shall always
remember, he invited me to go and inspect this
lovely Palm in his g.arden at Clapham, which I did,
and was thus afl'orded the gi'atification of seeing
other panicles in the open air. The Palm in posses-
sion of Dr. B. is a m.ile plant, but Dr. Moore, of Glas-
nevin, had lately informed him that a plant flowered
at Glasnevin in the season of 1876 was a female,
and bore fruit also. AVith protection for the first one
or two winters, and planted in a sheltered spot, I do
not doubt but tliat the plant would do well in most
gardens. The Treasury of Botany states that it is
perfectly hardy in the South of 'England, a plant
having attained the height of 10 feet in the Koyal
Gardens of Osborne. I have had a good deal of ex-
perience in tree planting in the north of London,
and owing to the stiff clay which exists, have gene-
rally found such soil not very congenial to shrubs,
especially when the dense fogs in winter are con-
sidered. Planes, pendulous Ash, Canadian Poplar,
Catalpas, Aucubiis, and even the Maidenhair tree
(S.alisburia .adiantifolia) flourish well in the clav on
the Harrow Road ; but I scarcely think Chamaj'rops
Fortunei would or could grow in such a soil. John
Cokirooke. [The trees of this species at Kew, Heck-

field, Milford, and elsewhere, have often been alluded
to, and some of them illustrated, in these columns.
Ed.]

THE DOUBLE WHITE IBERIS SEMPERVIRENS.—
I am afraid this must go into the cate.gory of dis-
appointing new plants. I have flowered it in pots,
and in the open ground ; I have also tried it under
glass ; but tiie best I can get it to do only reveals
tlie old single perennial Candytuft spoilt. I have
not observed it exliibited once during the present
season. It was sent out from Erfurt with a flourish
of trumpets, but not a single truss of bloom I have
obtained comes anything near the illustration tiiat
raised tlie hopes of English growers. Can any one
give a better account of it ? J).

NEW PEAS. — Amongst new Peas of tliis season's
introduction, Queen and Jubilee with me are the
most promising, and appear to be two grand Peas,
large in pod, and well-filled with large Peas of first-
class flavour, as are all Mr. Culverwell's Peas ;
large and good seems to have been his aim. Of the
two Pe.as in question. Queen, with me, is, I think,
the best, and is a few d.iys earlier than .Jubilee,
coming in about July 8, succeeding Prodigj' and
Paragon, these two varieties being equal in earli-
ness. but Prodigy the largest in pod and pea — " a
very grand Pea in every respect," and ready to pick
this season on July 1, succeeding American Wonder,
from which we have been gathering since June 20.
All the above Peas were exposed to 17° of frost,
after being planted out from pots, eacli being
equal in hardiness, and fully proving that we
have no need to grow the round hard varieties
whilst we can get good Marrows as early. T. Kectly,
Barley Abbey. [Fine large well filled pods of Peas
with a sweet flavour — Jubilee being the sweeter.
The seeds are dark green in colour in the raw
state. Ed.]

CODONOPSIS OVATA.— Oddly enough, less than a
week before seeing your correspondent s note on the
poUinisation of Codonopsis ovata (p. 53) I had ex-
amined buds and flowers of this species, and also of C.
rotnndifolia. I made several diagrams, and find that
they agree entirely with your correspondent's deduc-
tions, except that I imagine such pollen as will be
removed from the outer surface of the stigmatic
lobes will be taken oft' before the lobes become
reflexed. A quite similar mechanism is well known
in the allied genus Campanula. Microscopic exami-
nation readily enough shows that the inner surface
of the lobes is the true stigmatic one, covered with
the characteristic papillae, and showing development
of pollen-tubes, &c. I am indebted to Mr. Dewar
for calling mv attention to this interesting plant.
F. W. Oliccr, Kev.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF WATERING PLANTS. —
AVithin certain limits it is quite possible to agree
with " ,T. J. AV.," in his article in your last issue.
We may divide the subject into two distinct parts :
— 1, The advantages of evening watering to the
gardener; 2, its advantages as regards the plants.
Time and labour are both saved by the adoption of
the first mode of watering. The ground and plants
are both cooled by the act, which alone is a distinct
gain, for the lowering of the night temperature is
favourable to rapid plant growth during the day, the
converse usually resulting in feeble gi-owth, as is
seen in any greenhouse where a high night tempera-
ture is kept up during any part of the year, iloreover
the water given in the evening — if it be given in
surticient quantity to saturate the soil to 1 foot in
depth — does not get evaporated in quiet weather,
but remains stored between the particles of earth
until it is utilised by the roots of the plants, or
is evaporated by the sun's heat, or sinks to a
lower level. The advantages of watering by day
may be summed up in a few words, and seem
scarcely to weigh at .all as against those of the
evening. The plants which may be gi'owing into
the soil of the field, gardtn, or in tubs and pots,
make their chief gi-owth during the hours of sunlight,
and consequently make their severest call on the
roots during that period of the day, so that any
moisture supplied at that time is immediately made
use of, but much of it must be lost by evaporation if
the day be bright. Therefore it may be assumed
that where day watering is the rule, a much greater
quantity must be given than would be needed if
night watering were adopted. In hotter climates
than ours, garden crops are watered, either by
means of some system of irrigation, or flooding, or

by the labourer scattering water from water-alleys
which divide the plots over the lands. This mode of
day watering results in very rapid growth, the earth
being in the state of a moist hotbed from the great
quantity of water contained in it, and the great heat
of the sun. X. [It is necessary to distinguish be-
tween feeding, or preparation for growth, and actual
growth ; the latter takes place, not, as our corre-
spondent supposes, in sunlight, but at night. Ed.]

That horticulturists may be much misled

by unpractised scientists is exemplified in an
article by ".T. J. AA'.," under the above heading,
on p. 39 of your last number. It would have been
more appropriately headed, " Morning iicra«5 Evening
AA'atering." " .1. .1. AA''." prefers morning watering
because "evaporation . . . cannot take place
without producing cold, and that cold is propor-
tionate to the rapidity of the evaporating process."
He then proceeds to ask, " AVhat, then, is the practi-
cal eft'ect of an evening watering?" He answers the
question as follows : — " The air is dry from the heat
of the day, and evaporation goes on briskly ; the
temperature consequently falls, and the plants are
chilled, as there are no sun's rays to communi-
cate fresh warmth.'' " J. J. AA'." arrives at what
surely is a very WTong conclusion, through not
taking into consideration certain important facts.
I have no time fully to discuss this question, but,
with your permission, I will just present an opposite
view', and state why I believe that evening watering
is best during summer drought. It is best during
hot, sunny weather, because it is more economical of
water and of the labour of applying it, evaporation
being less during the night than during the sunny
days. The air during cool evenings and nights
which follow hot days, so far from being dry, is
moist. Has " .T. J. AV." never heard of or seen dew ?
Hot air being absorptive of moisture, becomes
charged during the day with more than it can con-
tain wlien the heat departs in the evening. Instead,
therefore, of evaporation taking place during cool
evenings and nights following hot days it usually
ceases, and considerable deposition of moisture takes
place. In some cases morning waterings may be
best. This subject might repay discussion.
" J. J. AV.'s" concluding remarks are worthy of
attention. J. E. Eicing, Sea View Nurseries, Havant.

NOTES ON GARDENING AT GOODRICH COURT.
— Goodrich Court is about seven miles from the
town of Monmouth, and within a few hundred yards
of the imposing ruins of Goodrich Castle. The fine
pleasure grounds of the modern residence abound
with fine views, pleasant surprises, and are rich in
Conifers, which are mostly planted as specimens.
In planting these trees the species or varieties chosen
were those that were considered suitable for the
situation, as is proved by their robust health at the
present time. Of well furnished examples may be
named Picea Smithiana, P. orientalis, Abies Pinsapo,
A. Nordmanniana, A. lasiocarpa, Pinus excelsa, carry-
ing many cones ; a very fine Cupressus macrocarpa,
C. Lawsoniana, Thuia gigantea, Thuiopsis borealis,
and T. dolabrata. Many others could be enumerated,
but to describe them would take too much space,
while a list of names is uninteresting. The culture
of the Vine stands pre-eminent at Goodrich, as
might be expected under the supervision of Mr.
Spencer, who was a pupil of Mr. Coleman of
Eastnor Gardens, and it will be remembered that
the Grapes from Goodrich figured well at the last
September show at South Kensington. The vineries,
however, are neither numerous nor large. The
varieties in bearing at the time of my visit were
Alnwick Seedling, Lady Downe's, Trebbiano, Gros
Colmar, and Black Alicante, the last three named
being remarkable for the size, symmetrical form, and
colour of their bunches. Gros Colmar is seldom
seen carrying such fine bloom on the berries as here,
and its flavour is very good. Black Alicante occu-
pies much space ; considerable pains are taken in
its culture. Much has lately been written respecting
suitable stocks for Grapes, and here an opportunity
presented itself to inspect the Alicante upon two
distinct stocks as well as on its own roots. Old-
acres, AVest's St. Peter's, and Lady Downe's, are the
stocks employed, and these are seen to have a decided
influence upon some of the qualities of the fruit.
In point of colour there was no perceptible difference,
the three conditions being alike perfect ; but in size
and form of the bunches those groivn upon their own
roots had the advantage, .and those upon the St.
Peter's were the least good in these respects. It was,
however, in flavour that the influence of the stock
was most developed ; here the West's St. Peter's A^'ine
proved its superiority, the Grapes possessing an

82

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JcLT 16, 1887.

agrceablf briskness surpnssiiig that of the ordinary
Alicante. On the other hand. Lady Downe's as a
stock for this variety was objectionable, the flavour
having deteriorated considerably. Black Barbarossa
■was growing exceedingly robust, as was likewise
Muscat TrovL-ren, a Vine grafted upon a stock of
the variety General della Marmora. This it is
intended to graft with Muscat Hamburgh, some
satisfactory results being anticipated from the treble
union. The stock is evidently a free rooting one,
and should suit weakly growers. In speaking of
stocks it may be remarked that Golden Queen is an
excellent stock for Gros Maroc, a fact proved quite
fairly at Hendre. T. Coomhrr, Hmdrc Gardens,
Monmouthshire.

DOUBLE OX-EYE DAISIES.— A semi-double Ox-
eye Daisy was recently exhibited before the Scientific
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and I
believe received a Fiist-class Certificate from the
Floral Committee. A specimen was sent to me, and
I thought it a poor flower, the doubling ligules being
mean and frizzly. Still, any attempt to produce a
double Ox-eye Daisy should be encouraged. The
Ox-eye Daisy is a pure white flower, .and a pure white
double does not exist in the class, though many
varieties of Pyrethrum roseum, both double and
single, are called white. But the best variety of Ox-
eye Daisy, and that to which florists should direct
their attention in endeavouring to produce doubles, is
Chrysanthemum maximum of De Candolle, which has
flowers twice as large as those of the common Ox-eye
Daisy, and is a dwarfer plant, and flowers early, from
the middle of June to the end of July. It is so beau-
tiful and well-formed a flower, that I cannot under-
stand why a bed of it is not annually made in everv
kitchen garden, if only for cutting. It should be
divided and replanted in October everv vear, and is
then a grand plant. It was figured" in the Gar-
deners' Chronide last year, and I am again sending
specimens, showing two or three rows of ray-flowers,
even when produced in the soil of this garden, which
is so unfavourable for the doubling of flowers that
many double flowers revert to single when planted in
it. C. Wolley Sod. [It is worth noting that the semi-
double Chrysanthemum, above alluded to, received
a Certificate by a majority of two out of three voters,
while about twenty members present refrained from
voting ! ! Ed.]

Societies.

Foreign Correspondence.

NK\V HYBRID AZALEAS.
We send you some flowers of Azalea mollis X
sinensis, a new hybrid between A. mollis .and A.
sinensis. The bright colour, the larger flowers
than those from A. mollis, and the sports they have,
which is quite a new feature in A. mollis. The gain
of new colours that do not exist in A. mollis, causes
QS to believe the variety is a real improvement,
They are quite hardy, grow quicker than, and are as
free flowering as A. mollis. Their leaves are a little
bluish and darker. We expect a future for it. M.
Koster <)■ Sous. [Very good flowers, of large size, good
color and substance, and fragrant withal. Ed.1

New Inventions,

THE MIKADO FLOWER-HOLDERS.
Visitors to the Japanese Exhibition must liave
been struck with the elegant floral arrangements
made by the natives, and the simplicity with which
the effect was produced. Mr. Hodgson, of 0, St.
James' Square, Xotting Hill, sends us a specimen of
one of their flower-holders, consisting simply of a
water-tight joint of Bamboo with an aperture for
the insertion of the flower, with provision for
hanging up the flower-holder in any convenient
spot. Not only may flowers be emjdoyed in these
simple and effective holders, but small Ferns or
other plants may be grown in them, and hung up
on the walls in the same way that an Italian
bambino is sometimes suspended. These suspension
holders afford a means of producing at little
cost and trouble effective arrangements of a novel
character.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Tuesday, July 12. — This small but interesting
meeting took place in the conservatory at South
Kensington. A fine display of tuberous Begonias
from Messrs. Laing & Co., Forest Hill, occupied a
stand in the centre, and a well assorted collection of
.annuals in bloom was set up by Messrs. Carter &
Co. Mr. T. Ware's Lilies and other hardy flowers
gave still more colour ; in another part, some very
superior fruits of Strawberries in some variety, and
the Peas contributed by the competitors for the
prizes off"ered by Messrs. Carter & Co., Messrs. Sutton
& Sons, and Messrs. Webb & Son, were to be seen.
A few Orchids, but nothing of much moment, and
Iris Kaempferi in variety were likewise exhibited by
various persons.

Scientific Committee.

Present : Dr. Lowe, in the chair ; Messrs. O'Brien,
Wilson, W. G. Smith, Boulger, and Dr. Masters.

The meeting was but thinly attended, and the
objects brought before it on this occasion were not
numerous.

Hay Fever. — Mr. O'Brien made some comments
on a paragraph recently published in the columns of
the Gardeners' Chronicle, and detailed his own expe-
rience with reference to the flowers of Golden
Feather, Artemisia, insect-powder (Pyrethrum),
Hibbertia volubilis. Patchouli, Lilium auratum, and
other plants, by the perfume of which he was to a
greater or less degree affected. Other cases of a
similar kind were mentioned by members of the
committee — the general inference, from the varied
nature of the plants, being that the real causes of the
symptoms must also be varied, and that the pollen
alone cannot be credited with the mischief.

Fasciatcd Tamils. — Mr. W. G. Smith showed a
remarkably contorted and fasciated specimen of this
plant.

Yoric and Lancaster Hose. — The Chainnan showed
a specimen of a Rose which this year had jjroduced
on the same stalk a red Rose and a white Rose. The
plant come originally from the garden of tlie late
Rev. H. EUacombe, who considered it to be the
original York and Lancaster Rose, and that the
Damask Rose with striped petals, now commonly
called the Y'ork and Lancaster Rose, is not rightly so
called. Dr. Masters alluded to other instances of di-
morphism in Roses, attributable to the sudden disso-
ciation of previously combined hybrid characters.

Celestial Rose. — Dr. Lowe exhibited a specimen of
this old Rose, remarkable for its very glaucous
foliage, its elegant light rose flowers, and delicious
perfume.

Double Campanulas, ^c. — Rev. C. Wolley Dod sent
a curious form, " which seems to have a regular place
in the history of that very variable species, Cam-
panula rotundifolia. The fomi with the corolla cleft
into narrow segments is generally produced in
greater or less proportion from the seed of the form
with the double corolla. I have never found either
of these two forms wild, but the one with double
corolla, known in nurseries as var. soldanelljcflora, is
not uncommon in gardens : and the other, of which
I send both double and single flowers, seems to
follow it in natural sequence. I enclose also the
single form produced among seedlings with the
other two."

Hybrid Lychnis. — Dr. Masters called attention
to the interesting hybrid between L. coronaria and
L. Flos-Jovis sent him by A. 0. Walker, Esq. (see
p. W).

Floral Committee.

Present : G. F. Wilson, Esq.. in tlie chair ; and
Messrs. S. Hibberd, Rev. W. Wilks, J. Eraser, H.
Herbst, Dr. Lowe, G. Duflield, B. Wrane, R. Dean,
C. Noble, II. Ballantyne, J. Dominy^i A. S. Lendy,
T. Baines, J. O'Brien, E. Hill, H. Tiu-ner, W. Holmes,
and W. Goldring.

Mr. T. S. Ware sent a very large and comprehen-
sive collection of hardy herbaceous .and annual plants
in flower, for which a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal was
awarded. Gaillardias in gi-eat variety were a pro-
minent feature, and Liliums also took a leading place.
Scabiosa elata was shown : it is a good sort, having
large heads of flowers of a good creamy-yellow colour ;
Delphiniums in variety, Eryngiums, Irises, A.ster
Townsendi ; and among the Liliums, L. croceum, rich
orange; L, te.stareum, pale cinnamon ; andL. Parryi,

bright yellow, were good sorts. Delphinium ranun-
cnlifolium, a double variety of a blue-purple colour, is
a pretty sort ; D. Rolla is very deep in colour, outer
segments blue, inner purple. Alstromeria chilensis
was also shown with Lythnim roseum superbum,
Chrysanthemum maximum, Helianthus japonicus,
said to be three weeks earlier than H. rigidus, which
it much resembles ; and is a desirable sort. Messrs.
J. Carter & Co., High Holborn, W.C, also showed a
large collection of annuals, including several v.arieties
of Tobacco. Petunias were the leading feature, and
several good varieties were shown — one, Queen of the
Roses, is a single variety, in colour delicate rose, a
very pretty one. Ornamental grasses, German Stocks,
&c., were plentiful. Other plants were Vis-
caria cardinalis, Tropa-ohims, Balsams, Papavers.
Amaranthus caudatus (Love-lies-bleeding) was
shown flowering in the pots in which it had been
sown, and made a good effect in this manner.
Eucharidium concinnum is a useful dwarf plant in
borders, &c., and so also is Phlo.x Drummondi Heyn-
holdi, a rich scarlet with dark eye ; P. D. grandiflora
elegans is pale crimson-lake, with large white eye,
and is very effective, contrasting well with the
former variety ; P. D. g. coccinea much resembles
Heynholdi, but is of a more intense colour and deeper
tone, and should find admirers. (Bronze Banksian
Medal.) The firm likewise showed flowers in
bunches of Gladiolus namosus, showy, desirable
flowers, good for cutting, and for borders and beds.
These fell generally into two categories, white or
pink, and scarlets of various shades.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Son. Chelsea, showed a
number of interesting plants ; they were : — Xephro-
lepis rufescens var. tripinnatifida, Scolopendrium
vulgare var. Vallaisii, a strong-growing plant, with
heavily crested tops ; a very pretty form of the com-
mon Fern ; a prettily variegated form of Impatiens
Sultani, called I. S. variegata, with a band of
yellow round the margin of the leaf, the rest ])aler
than in the type ; Anthuriura Rothschildianum, a
variety having the spathes red and white (mottled) :
Micronia Hookeriana, from New Grenada, bearing
leaves 7 inches long, dark green, with silver line
(one-third of an inch wide) down the centre rib, and
a narrow one running parallel to the margin,
but half an inch from it ; under-side pale
green, both surfaces slightly hairy, stem much so ;
Adiantum Capillus- Veneris Mairiesii, which will be
illustrated in our colums shortly ; Andromeda
speciosa cassinifolia, with flowers of pure white,
freely produced, and well displayed by the glossy
foliivge; Escallonia Philippiana, with small white
flowers. There was also Berberis aristata inte-
grifolia. with entire leaves 1 inch long, red
margin, flower-stalks also red, with largish yellow
flowers — a desirable shrub ; Clematis coccinea, which
is useful for training as a balloon or umbrella, &c. ;
and Notospartium Carmichaeliai. A great many
varieties of Iris Kaempferi were also contributed by
this flrm, all very fine flowers, and many of great size ;
Criterion, very heavily streaked with plum on white,
and a good yellow base, the flowers measuring Q
inches in diameter ; Unique, similar to the foregoing,
but paler in colour and not so even in form ; Ac-
quisition, white, with very few purple streaks, more
intense towards the base, 6 inches in diameter, very
good form ; Mikado, a rich purple-violet, has a good
flower, as also has Harlequin, mottled purple and
white ; and Othello, purple fading to blue at the
base.

Beyonias. — The group of tuberous Begonias, both
of single and double varieties, displayed by Messrs.
Laing & Co., Stanstead Park Nurseries, Forest Hill,
S.E., was worthy of all praise. It was resplendent in
colour in the mass, and was composed of some of the
best of their newer hybrids. We will now name
those wliicli obtained certificates : — Lustre, a brilliant
scarlet, flne regular form — double; Alba magna,
white, with a greenish sliade — double: Jupiter, a
double flower, appearing to be made up of perfect
small rosettes — scarlet ; Snowball, one of the best
of the whites — double ; Perfection, double, a beauti-
ful bloom — orange-scarlet ; Rosea compacta, single,
rose-pink — not too late, and very dwarf and free :
Adonis, pale rose ; Jubilee, double, deep rose ; and
Claribel. The single flowered varieties were very
flne in colour, but seemed to pale before the fire of
the double varieties. (A Silver-gilt Banksian Medal.)
A small collection of Iris Kaempferi came from
Mr. W. Gordon. Twickenham. Eclipse, a purple
splayed white on a ground of purple ; and Exquisite,
ca?ruleaii-blue, white, and yellow, were the best.
Quite a number of blooms of the soft pink-coloured
Lilium Kraineri came from the same exhibitor, who
has made the culture of this fine Lily a specialty.

Jdly 16, 1887.]

THE GAIiDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

83

Jlr. C. Turner, Slough, showed Pink Malmaison
Carnation ; it has medium-sized flowers, and possibly
will have less inclination to cause bursting of the
calyx than the older variety; and Amber, the
colour of I'ride of Penshurst, but with the true Cai--
nation perfume.

Orchids. — i\ G. Tautz, Esq., Studley House,
Shepherd's Bush (gr., Mr. Cowley), showed several
varieties of Cypripediums, viz., Curtisi, toDsuAi,
selligeruni rubriini ; also Epidendrum atropurpureum
and var. Kandii, a flower with bronzy-green petals
anp sepals and white lobe and lip, the latter striped
rosy-purple at the base. Epidendrum Parkinsonia-
num, a dwarf plant with about a dozen flowers on it,
came from Mr. PoUett's garden, Fernside, Bickley.
Mr. Evans, gi'. to Stewart Hodgkins, Esq., Lythe
Hill, Haslemere, showed Odontoglossum Alexandra',
with a yellow ground covered with bold patches of
brown ; another ordinary O. Alexandra?, but with a
very large spike, bearing thirty-live flowers, came

FmsT-CLAss Certificates.

Sweet Pea Primrose, from Mr. H. Eckford.

yweet Pea Splendour, from Mr. H. Eckford.

Sweet Pea Alauve Queen, from Mr. H. Eckford.

Scolopendrium vulgare Vellaisii, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

Berberis aristata integrifolia, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

Iris Acquisition, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

Iris Unique, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

Iris Criterion, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sous.

Iris Exquisite, from Mr. W. Gordon.

Iris Eclipse, from Mr. W. Gordon.

Epidendrum Parkinsonianum, from II. M. Pol-
lett, Esq.

Odontoglossum Vuylstekiannm maculatuni, from
Sir T. Lawrence.

La^lia Batemaniana. from Baron Schroder.

Carnation Amber, from Jlr. C. Turner.

Fig. 20. — nail-gall on leaves of lime trees, (see xotices to correspondents, p. 87.)

from the same grower. Mr. H. Ballantine, The Dell,
Egham, brought Loelia Batemaniana, a very pretty
species, with rosy-red flowers and purple lip. Mr.
Bickerstaffe, Orchid grower to Sir T. Lawrence,
showed Odontoglossum Vuylstekianum maculatum.
The flower is a rather pleasing one, with white
ground colour that runs into yellow at the points of
the petals and sepals ; the spots (brown) are few and
small, and the spike was slender.
% Miscellaneous. — Messrs. Collins Brothers & Gabriel,
3J, Waterloo Koad, showed a variety of Chrysan-
themum leucanthemum named Imperiale. Messrs.
H. Cannell & Sons exhibited tuberous Begonias
Mrs. Lewis Castle, an orange-pink, full, large,
and double ; and Prince of Orange, a refulgent
scarlet, free in flowering, of medium size. Several
racemes of flowers of Lagerstriimia indicacame from
Mr. Ross, gr., Pendell Court, for which a Cultural
Commendation was awarded. Sweet Peas in variety
■were shown by Mr. H. Eckford, gr. to Dr. Sankey,
Boreaton Park, Shrewsbury. The choicest were
Splendour, rosy-purple in colour ; Primrose, creamy-
white ; and Mauve Queen, pale blue.

Carnation Pink Malmaison, from Mr. C. Turner.

Begonia Mrs. L. Castle, from Messrs. H. Cannell
& Sons.

Begonia Prince of Orange, from Messrs. H. Can-
nell & Sons.

Begonia Snowball, from Messrs. J. Laing & Co.

Begonia Jupiter, from Messrs. J. Laing & Co.

Begonia alba magna, from Messrs. J. Laing & Co.

Begonia rosea compacta. from Messrs J. Laing & Co.

Begonia Adonis, from Messrs. J. Laing & Co.

Begonia Claribel, from Jlessrs. J. Laing & Co.

Begonia Perfection, from Messrs. J. Laing & Co.

Begonia Jubilee, from Messrs. J. Laing & Co.

Begonia Lustre, from Messrs. J. Laing & Co.

Fruit Committee,

Present : Dr. Robert Hogg, in the chair ; .and
Messrs. T. F. Rivers, G. T. Miles, A. H. Pearson.
A. W. Sutton, H. J. Veitch, James Smith, T. B.
Haywood, C. Ross, P. Crowley, S. Ford, and G.
Bunyard.

Mr. W. Allan, Gunton Park, Norwich, showed

fourteen varieties of Strawberries. They were old
favourites which still hold their own, all of which
were very fine fruits and of great size. James
Veitch, Amateur, Crimson Queen, Sir J. Paxton,
President, Dr. Hogg, The Countess (size small), Mr.
Radclitte. Auguste Nicaise, Auguste Boiselot, John
Powell, Unser Fritz, British Queen, Sir C. Napier,
were the sorts, and they were well shown ; having been
packed well, they were not at all bruised. A Bronze
Banksian Medal was justly awarded to this exhibit.
Messrs. J. Veitch & Son showed dishes of a new
Strawberry, Waterloo, very dark, almost black in
colour and very large ; it is a very distinct fruit, of
medium flavour, but much admired by visitors on
account of its size. It will be a good sort for making
a display on dessert dishes. Stewart Hodgson, Ksq.,
Lythe Hall {gr., Mr. Evans), showed two Pine-
apples (Queens), fruited in sixteen months from
suckers, good fruits of fair size. Mr. C. Ross, Wel-
ford Park, Newbury, contributed two seedling Melons,
one of which had a good flavour, somewhat like
Eastnor Castle ; the other one was not of much merit.
Mr. Maher, Pattenden Court, Newbury, also showed
two Melons, and l*eaches of good outward appear-
ance. A Melon was also shown by W. F. Hume
Dick, Esq., Thames Ditton House, Thames Ditton.

Competing Classes. — The competition was confined
to special prizes offered by various seed firms.
Messrs. Webbs prizes, offered for twenty-four pods
of Webb's Wordsley Wonder. — Mr. H. Marriott, sen.,
Skirbeck, Boston, carried off 1st prize in a good
competition, showing well filled pods ; the Pea is a
handsome one, of good size and dark foliage ; 2nd,
Mr. H. Marriott, jun., Prospect House, Boston ; 3rd,
Mr. E. S. Miles, Edgcote Gardens, Banbury, both
showing good samples.

Messrs. Sutton offered prizes for two varieties of
their Peas, viz.. Royal Jubilee and Duke of Albany,
and Mr. F. A. IJeckett, Coal Hatch Farm, Amersham,
leading well out of eight, and strong large well filled
pods; 2nd, Mr. R. Timms, Hammersley Lane, Penn,
Amersham ; ^rd, Mr. C. J. Waite, Glenhurst, Esher,
Surrey ; 4th, Mr. H. Marriott, jun., Skerbeck, Bos-
ton, all of whom exhibited well. The same firm also
offered prizes for three heads of Sutton's Magnum
Bonum Cauliflower : Mr. C. J. Waite led, showing
solid heads and good in colour; and 3rd, Mr. F. A.
Beckett ; the 2nd prize being withheld.

CRYSTAL PALACE.

July 19. — Bases. — The display of blooms made at
this show was of a very satisfactory nature, as, owing
to the fact that the weather had abated its heat to
some extent, the blooms were more fresh and bright
than was the case at the exhibition of the National
Rose Society. The amateurs made the most credit-
able show, indeed in Mr. Lindsells stand for twenty-
four varieties, in threes, the finest blooms of the
show were observed. The nurserymen also made a
fine display in the larger classes.

Open Classes. — The highest honours were carried off
by Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, in the class for seventy-
two single trusses, distinct, showing a lot of hand-
some blooms, even and bright — Her Majesty, Sou-
venir d'Elise, Baroness Rothschild, Madame G. Lui-
zet, Merveille de Lyon, La Boule d'Or, were speci-
ally good. Mr. F. Cant. Colchester, followed very
closely also with bright flowers, Madame de Watte-
ville, Baroness de Rothschild, Mar^chal Niel, Xavier
Olibo, were his most creditable sorts.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, led in the next class
(for forty-eight trebles) showing Pride of Waltham,
Souvenir de la Malmaison, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam.
Victor Verdier, Her Majesty, in good style; Mr. B.
K. Cant was 2nd. showing good examples of In-
uocenta Pirola, Her Majesty, Comtesse d'Oxford.
Mr. C. Turner, Slough, led in the class for twenty-
four H.P.'s in threes, showing a good stand of blooms,
of which Her Majesty, Ulrich Brunner, Louis Van
Houtte, A. K. Williams, and Pride of Waltham,
were prominent examples ; Messrs. Keynes, Williams
& Co., Salisbury, took 2nd, having good blooms of
Ulrich Brunner. Madame Chas. Wood. The same
firm secured the premier place with twenty -four
distinct varieties, single trusses, in a very large and
close competition, with good Baroness Rothschild,
Xavier Olibo, A. K. Williams, Her Majesty, and
Ulrich Brunner.

Mr. B. R. Cant had the best collection of eighteen
Teas and Noisettes in threes, making a fine
display, with clean and well-formed blooms, of
which the finest were Madame de Wattevillea
Madame Cusin, Innocenta Pirola, Rubens, and
Comtesse de Nadaillac. Mr. F. Cant came in as a

Bi

THE 'GAF DENE US' CHBONICLE.

[July 16, 1887.

close anJ good 2inl, showing very similarly. For
a Rose of similar colour to Latly Mary Fitzwilliam,
Mr. H. Bennett. Shepperton, Middlesex, took 1st in
a keen competition with a magnificent lot of Her
Majesty. All' the prize winners in this class had
this varietv. 2nd. Mr. 15. R. Cant.

Aiiuitcmv.—As already mentioned, there was a fine
show of good bloomsin this division, the best display
being made in the competition for prizes offered for
twentv-four varieties in ■ threes. E. B. Lindsell,
Esq.. 'Bearton, Hitchin, was tlie most successful
exhibitor, coming 1st in a large competition. He
liad remarkably fine specimens of . Comtesse de
Nadaillac, and othef good blooms were Marie Finger,
UlrichBrunner, Marecha! Niel, Madame G. Luiw-t,
Marie Baumann, and Merveille de lyvon. iThis!
stand secured much attentioji. A close 2nd was Mr.
,T. Brown, gr. to Mrs. "Waterlow, Great Doods, Reigate,'
also showing.fiiiely : in this collection the befit examples
were Lord F. Cavbndish,' Madame U; Luizet, and
Charles Lefebvre. Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Havering,
Essex, followed up closely, showing good specimens
of Etienne Levet, Baroness Rothschild, Ulrich
Brunner, and Madame G. Luizet. E. B. Lindsell,
Esq., also led with twenty-four H.P.'s, single trusses,
here again showing well. Mr. W. .T. Grant, Hope
End Farm, Ledbury, showed best in the class for
forty-eight varieties, single trusses, having blooms
of fair size and j good quality; Countess of Oxford,
Ulrich Brunner' Horivce Vernet, Dr. Andry, were
good blooms. Rev. J.- H. I'emberton came 2nd,
showing well also. Twel-^e^Teas and Noisettes, in
threes, were shown in capital condition by Rev. E.
G. King, Madingley Vicarage, Canihridge, an at-
tractive exhibit, securing 1st in this class. JIadame
Cusin, Marechal Niel, Jean Ducher, and l*)uvenir
d'Elise, were the best: '

Cut. Flowei-s.^Mr. .T. Douglas,. Great Gearies,
Ilford. was the stole exhibitor of Picotees. carrying
off the 1st honours in tliat class with very good,
evenly-formed flowers ; he had among others*^ Agues
Chamfcers (a nerf variety, rich ohrome-yellow;. with
a very nati^ow band of pale purplish-rose') : Tena
Cotta, Douglas, Argufe, and Refulgence. "With Car-:
nations, Mr. C. Turner, Slough, led, while Mn
Douglas was 2nd, both showing well. Mr. Turner
liad Amber (new, a chrome self), Cardinal, Pride
of Penshurst, Goliath, and Mr. Keen, in good forrn,
Mr. Douglas showing his own, seedlings. Mr. F.
Hoo])er 4th, but 1st with pinks: a good lot, well
grown and showmv , .' -. -l1.-

H^Licellancdm.-T-'iiessTS. 3. Veitch & Son contri-
buted a Jarge collection of cut Rose's; the lilooms were
large, goBd in ftrm; and clear'i rAosi! of the leading
varieties wereincluded in this exhibit. A Strawberry;
Victofy, came from Jlr, .J. House, Peterborough ; it iS
evidently prolflc. and bears a good - sliaped ■ fVuit
of mediitm sizf^. Bonquf-ks and sprays, &c., were from
Mrs. A. Chail', Park' Hill Nursei-y. 13ast Croydon>
Messrs. B.arr & Son had a large and comprehensive
collection of Gladiolus (tarly flowering), Llliums,
ODnotheras. Hemerocaljis, Irises, and hanly annuals.
Gladiolus Sarhiaii Gem and G. delieatissima are
good sorts ; the 'former is white ivith imk, the
latter rose-pink with'deeper matkings. Mr,' T. S.
Ware. Hale Farm Nurserii-s. Tuttenliam, eoutriliuted
a simil.ar collection, and liad also Gaillardia Diana,
Eryngium, &c. Messrs, H. Cannell & Sons. Swanley.
showed Roses, Pelargoniums, Begonias (double and
single), and a few hardy annuals; the Begonias were
very good.

Various prizes were also secured by Mr. B. R.
Cant. Mr. Piper, Uckfield ; Mr. C. Turner. Slougli ;
Messrs. Cranston & Co., Hereford ; and Messrs.
Paul & Son. in the open classes ; and S. P. Budd,
Esq., Mr. Shoesmith, T. P. B. Atkins. Esq., Messrs.
Ashurst .& Tucker,. Gi Christy, and E. M. Bethune,
Esq., in the amateur division, but space ^vill not
permit us to enter into detail.

aOYAL CALEDONIAN HOBTICUX-
TURAL.

EDiSBnKGH,'J6i.Y IS.T^This show, which was held
in tlie Waverley Market, may, as, a whole, compare
favourably .with those of previous years. Fruit wfis
exhibited' perhaps in better condition and lai-ger
quantity than is usual, the bright hot weather
that has prevailed having contributed to the ripen-
ing of forced fruits, so that gardeners ip the North
liad a fair chance of competing on eipial tenms \vit(»
their Soutliern brethren., , ' , ',. ," '

JVkjC .^-Grapes were especially good.. In , t\\e
class of four bunches Mr. McHattie, gr., Newbattlc,
took 1st easily %yith enormous bunches o{.iBlaok

Hamburgh and fine samples of Muscat of Alexan-
dria ; Mr. Mclndoe, gr„ Ilutton Hall, Guisborough,
with also excellent Black Hamburgh and the same
kind of Muscat, made a good 2nd. In the class of
two bunches of black Grapes the 1st prize again went
to Mr. McHattie, and the 2nd to Mr. McKinnon, gr„
Melville Castle, the competition being very clo|se.
In the class for two i bunches black, any other
variety, Mr. Mclndoe took the 1st position with
' two good samples of Madresfield. Court in prime
condition. White Grapes were generally less
well finished than the black. ,The 1st pasi-
tion again fell easily to Mr. McHattie, , with
good but scarcely ripe Muscat of Alexandria ; Mr.
Mclndoe 2nd, with excellent samjiles of Buck-
land Sweetwater. Peaches were few, but i ve^yi
good, .the six Royal Georges from Mr. McISinnon.
were remarkable both for colour .and size. , TJjft
same remarks- apply to Nect^ines ; . but here Mi'.
McHattie took 1st prize, with grand samples of Lord
Napier. Of Figs only two lots were st.aged ; both
were good, the 1st prize being taken by Mr. Malcolm
Mclntyre, The Glen, Innerleithen; and the 2nd by
Mr. Mclndoe. Strawberries made a great feature ;
and conspicuous among the prize-taking sorts were
James Veitch and Duke of Edinburgh. The 1st
prize for four dishes went to Mr. M. Mclntyre, for
fruit remarkable alike for size, colour, and excellence
of fomi. In the class for collections of eight dishes
of fruit, Mr, I. Mclndoe led with superior samples
of Black Hamburgli and Muscat of Alexandria
Grapes, and capital Pines, as principal fruits in the
collection ; and Mr. A. Young stood an excellent 2nd.
Pines were in limited numbers, but were very good
indeed. The best came from Mr. M. Mclntyre, he
exhibiting a remarkably good Queen.

Ilosrs. — The Caledonian Society:s .Jubilee prizes
for these were keenly contested. The 1st prize
for thirty-six blooms, H.P., eighteen varieties, con-
fined to Scottish growers, was carried ort' by Mr. A.
Kirk, gr. to J. Thomson Paton, Norwood, Alloa.
The 3-guinea prize for thirty-six blooms, distinct
varieties, was taken by Mr. J. Walker, Linlithgow.
Mr. G. C. Hunter, Lauriston Castle, took 1st honours
in the class for twenty-four blooms, and the same
position was taken by Mr. A. K. Henderson, Clur-
miston. in the class for twelve blooms, distinct
varieties, three blooms eaclv The prize in the class
for twelve Tea and twelve H.P. blooms was taken
easily by Mr. W. Parlane. The class for three
bouquets of Roses was very unequally contested ;
the 1st prize lot, tabled by Miss Watson, were
beautiful examples of what a Rose bouquet should
be ; flowers well selected, each bouquet distinct from
the other, both in material and arrangement.

Orchids. — These, though a pretty considerable
show, culminated in interest, so far as cultural skill
was concerned, in the class for one Orchid. The
competition lay between Mr. M. Mclntyre and Mr.
Robert Cockburn, Coltbridge Hall. The former
showed a splendid plant of Miltonia vexillaria, with
thirty spikes of bloom, which took 1st prize, and the
latter a remarkably good variety of Cattleya Mossiie,
carrying eighteen blooms in prime condition ; both
very fine and worthy of the awards.

Miscellaneous. — Among the features especially
worthy of notice brought forward by nurserymen, was
the 1st prize table of plants put up by Messrs. R. B.
Laird & Sons, which was rich in Crotons, Dracffina,s,
and other foliage plants, associated with numbers of
Ericas, Liliums, Orchids, Ferns, and Palms. Mr.
Robertson Munro had a very attractive table of her-
baceous and alnine plants, among which we noticed
specially their new varjetj.of Matricaria i^odora
Snowflake— a variety with, pure white ..flowers, apd
with a compact, slirubby habit.

Stove and greenhousi- plants were competed for by
the local veterans in these classes with fibout the
usuiJ res«ilts. Mr. Paterson, Millbank ; Mr. Grossart.
and Jlr. James Bald, Canaan House, sharing honours
in the several classes.

For tables of plants (garden.rs) there were tlp-ee
entries, Mr. Grossart, Oswald Road, taking the 1st
prize easily with an elegantly arranged table of ivell
grown flowering and foliage plants.

Messrs. Methven &, Sons had a nice tal)l,c of well-
grown Palms, Drac.ncnas, Crotons, !f,c. , ^

Messrs. Ireland & Thomson si:;t up a small table
in good taste, comprising foliage , .and flowering
plants, especially' remarkable aiiiong wliieli \vere
Cypripedium Tui-gii and Croton Sunray, the latter
suggesting evidenfl/the parentage of Qneen Victoria'
and De Jongci. ,' ,' . . , '

Messrs. Cocker &, Sons, Aberdeen, presented^ a;
seedling Fuchsia, named Countess of Aberdeen, with'
pure white petals and,set)als.

The Lawson Nursery Company, besides having ftn
excellent exhibit of miscellaneous Conifers and other
evergreen plants, took 1st prize, for twelve Conifers,
distinct species, and also twelve Conifers for table
use : they also received a First-class Certificate for a
variety of Abies grandis, of very distinct charact'er.
It is named brevifolia, and the name convi-ys a, cor-
rect idea of its character. It has all the vigour of the
typical form, but the leaves are riot much more than
half the length of those, while it retains the sym-
metry and healthy aspect of the species. ...

National Rose Societt's ExHiniTiox. ' ''

The summer show of the premier Horticulturji|
Society of Scotland had great importance given to it
this year by having combined with it a Rose exhi-
bition of the National Rose Society of' England,
which has never before crossed the Border. The
show was a great success, a«d was largely attended;
and never before at the Edinburgh shows has there
been seen such a magnificent display of Roses.
Many of the leading English growers were repre-
sented, the North of Ireland nurserymen were also
present, and Scotchmen who make the culture of the
Rose a specialty were nothing loth to enter the lists
against both their English and Irish rivals.

The display of Roses was really first-class, the
tables were loaded with the most beautiful blooms.
So excellent a show is all the more creditable, con-
sidering the very trying six weeks of drought that
have just been experienced. It was rather interest-
ing, having the English, Irish, and Scottish Roses
alongside of each to compare them. In size,
substance, and style, the Scottish and Irish Roses
seemed to be able to hold their own witli those
either from Yorkshire, Kent, or Herts, but the
English growers must in the competitions be
awarded a good many points for brilliancy
and colour. The Scotch and Irisli Roses— the
former especially — were rather flat in colour as
compared with those from England — this being
])articularly noticeable in the crimson and d.ark
crimson varieties. Under the schedules of the
National Rose Society Messrs. Harkness & Sons,
of Bedale, Yorkshire, carried otT the honours for the
best seventy-two distinct, single trusses, and for the
best thirty-six (three trusses of each). They had
several formidable rivals. Messrs. Harkness' lot of
seventy-two, all in really grand order, include
very fine examples of La France, Innocenta Pirola,
and Fran9ois Michelon. The best in their thirty-
six were blooms of Beauty of Waltham, Merveille
de Lyon, Abel Carrieie. Messrs. B. R. Cant,
Colchester, in the same prize, seventy-two, had a
magnificent bloom of IMarie Baumann ; while the
gem of the collection of Messrs. Paul & Sons,
Cheshunt, Herts, was a splendid Abel Carriere.

For the best thirty-six distinct, single trusses, open
to all nurserymen, the challenge trophy valued at
£50, which is held for a year, was carried oif by
George Prince, nurseryman, O.xford, with a lot of
singularly excellence.

In the class for thirty-six distinct single
trusses. B. R. Cant was 1st, his collection
including finely developed and coloured blooms
of Alfred Colorab — a Rose which showed to great
advantage in nearly all the English collections —
Pride of Waltham, Lady Frederick Cavendish, and
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam ; Messrs. Paul & Son's 2nd
])rize lot ' had Marie Rady as a good bloom.
Mr. J. House, Peterborough, carried nS honours in
two of the classes — for thirty-six single trusses and
for eighteen ; and in the competition for twenty-fo^iir
distinct single trusses, open to riursei-yihen resident
in Scotland, Messrs. James Cocker &'Sons, Abe'i'-'
deen, were 1st, with a fine lot, which showed what
can be done by the applicatibn of -skill even in s'ti
unlikely a district for competition Rase growing as,
the Granite City. ,

In the amateur classes (he competition was very
keen. The prizes for the best tun ri.4lit..rn (nissps

were carried ofl' by Mr. A. Kiil.f, X.hw [, .Vlloii,

with blooms that did his ,sl;ill iiiliuitr r-redit.
In the amateur classes of the Natibhar Society
Mr. T. B. Hall, Rock Ferry, and the Rev. J. H.
Pemberton, Havering, E^sex, were the 1st anct
2nd prizetakers. The 1st, 2iid, .liid ,'lrd jirize
lots in the thirtv-six trii-^ i .r,n;ii hti.Mi, wfw
all of great merit, Mr. E. i: Wl.Urt, II, Dar-
lington, and Mr. T. II:iU I,, in,- tl... ..ih.ri
in the list. The 1st prize l.t "f .i-lit.rn 'W-.x,
or Noisette Roses, shown by Mr, I'lim'-.', cil" ilxfnnl,'
was allowed to be one of the Hurst n-M Ims He.'u seeVl
for luauy a day. It included two blooma of gre'iif
bcautv, Cornelia Koch and Colntesae :doiiNadiilJ«c.: .

July 16, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEIiS' CHBONICLE.

85

The prize yellow Roses were ofMardchalNiel variety,
by Mr. B. K. Cant.

Messrs. Thomas Smith & Son, Stranraer, toolc 1st
prize for the best twelve white Roses, with a beautiful
dozen of Merveille de Lyon ; the best crimson Roses
were adjudged to be the A. K. Williams shown by
Messrs. Cranston & Co., Hereford ; the best dark
crimson the Horace Vernets, exhibited by Hugh
Dickson, of Belfast.

Other Roses worthy of mention were the Countess
of Dufferin and the Earl of Dutferin, shown by
Messrs. A. Dickson & Sons, Newtownards ; the
Baroness Rothschild, by Messrs. D. & W.
Crouch, Dundee ; and for a seedling called Sir Row-
land Hill; Messrs. R. Nash & Son, Catterick,
obtained a Gold Medal. Sir Rowland is rather a pretty
Rose, of a deep port wine colour. W. A. Richard-
son, exhibited by Mr. John House, Peterborough,
attracted some notice.

The new Roses shOA\Ti were not of much account.
Messrs. Paul & Sons' prize lot included Her
Majesty, and Mr. B. R. Cant's 2nd prize lot had
Eclair and Felix Breton. A variegated foliage sport
of a Rose bush was shown by George Swailes,
Beverley.

Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham, Herts — one of
the best known Rose growers in England — sent for
exhibition a magnificent collection of Roses.

Dickson & Sons), James Alexander (James Dick-
son & Co.), and Lyall, Pinkie House. After
dinner, the usual loyal and patriotic toasts were duly
honoured.

In giving " The National Rose Society of England,"
the Chairman said they owed very much to the
National Rose Society of England, which, for the
first time, had crossed the Border. Their friends
from the South had shown what they could do, and
held out a good example to those on the north side
of the Tweed— not that the latter could not do
a good deal before— because the Scottish gardeners
had produced, perhaps, as fine Roses as could any-
where be found ; but they had the same opportunity
of showing them in competition as on the present
occasion. He was rather inclined to think that their
English friends paid rather more attention to the cul-
tivation of Roses than was done in Scotland. He had
great pleasure in wishing prosperity to the English
Society, and welcoming their friends from across the
Border.

Mr. D'Ombrain, in acknowledging the toast, re-
gretted the unavoidable absence of Canon Hole. The
Lord Provost had been kind enough to say that they
had done a great deal towards giving the folks of
Edinburgh and district a treat in the display of
southern Roses, but he (Mr. D'Ombrain) might be
permitted to say that this was owing very much to

Pig. 21. — hatfield ; a triad of koval oaks, (see p. 7'J.)
, Oak planted by the Queen ; B, Queen Elizabeth's Oak ; c. Oak planted by the Prince Consort.

Edinburgh people will be glad when the National
Bose Society sees its way to come back to " Auld
Reekie."

Dinner in

Waterloo Hotel.

At 5 o'clock the Council of the Royal Caledonian
Society entertained at dinner their friends of the
National Rose Society, the Judges, and several
members of the Edinburgh Corporation, in the
Waterloo Hotel. The Lord Provost, Sir Thomas
Clark, Bart., presided, and Councillor Clapper-
ton, Convener of the Parks and Gardens Com-
mittee of the Town Council, was Vice-Chairman.
The company numbered about eighty. The Chair-
man had on his right the Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain,
Secretary of the National Rose Society of England ;
Mr. E. Mawley and Mrs. Mawley, " Mr. William
Thomson, Clovenfords ; Mr. George Paul, and Mr.
John Stewart, Honorary Secretary of the Royal Cale-
donian Horticultural Society. To the left of the
chair were seated Mr. W. E." Hall, Mr. E. R. Whit-
well and Mrs. Whitwell, Mr. John Methven, Mr.
Hugh Dickson, and Mr. C. E. Cant; Harkness,
Bedale, Yorkshire; Mack, Catterick Bridge, York-
shire ; Hugh Dickson, Belfast ; Maclndoe, Hutton
Hall ; McLeod, Superintendent of Parks and Gar-
dens ; Brown, Heaton ; R. Croall, Craigcrook ; James
Morrison, Archerfield ; McKinnon, Melville Castle ;
McKinnon, Scone Palace ; Alexander Milne (James

the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society, under
whose auspices they were met. He thought he might
say that the National Rose Society of England had
done more, perhaps, than any other to advance the
interests of the Rose, and bind Rose growers together.
Why, they brought over even " poor Paddy " from
the North of Ireland. Might he not express the
opinion that he did not see any reason why Edin-
burgh should not have a Rose Society. Mr. Young,
he was afraid, might think that this would be
interfering with the Royal Caledonian Horticultural
Society, but he did not at all think so. Everywhere
they had gone, their provincial show had ended in a
Rose Society being started ; and he did not see why
the same thing should not happen in the Scottish
capital. Any drawback there might be as to soil and
climate, Scottish intelligence and perseverance, he
believed, would overcome, and he believed they would
get as good Roses in Scotland generally as anywhere
else. He hoped that one practical outcome of that
day's exhibition, would be the formation of a Rose
Society to be affiliated with the National Rose
Society of England — on behalf of which he returned
thanks for the kind and courteous reception that had
been accorded it.

Mr. T. B. Hall, Larchwood. Rockferry, gave " The
Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society," observing
that he understood the Society was one of the most
flourishing — if not the most flourishing — in the king-
dom. He quite endorsed what Mr. D'Ombrain had

said ; there was no reason why the Rose should not
be grown in most parts of Scotland.

Mr. William Thomson, Clovenfords, as one of the
oldest members of the Society, replied.

Mr. M. Dunn, Dalkeith Park, proposed " The
Judges," and Mr. Hall replied for the judges of the
National Rose Society of England, and Mr. David
Mitchell for the Royal Caledonian Horticultural
Society. Other toasts included " The Lord Pro-
vost, Magistrates, and Town Council," " The
Show Committee of Management," " The Honorary
Secretary of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural
Society " (Mr. Stewart), " The Treasurer " (Mr.
Eraser), " The Assistant-Secretary " (Mr. Y'oung),
" The Chairman," and " The Croupier."

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX.

Jdlt 6 AND 7. — For the past few years the
executive of this Association have not deemed it
expedient to hold a summer show; this year, how-
ever, thanks to the labours of Mr. E. Carpenter,
there has been a revival, and the results have been
highly gratilying to all concerned. Of plants in
bloom there were some splendid examples of stove
plants in the collection of ten flowering specimens
from Mr. Gibson, gr. to T. F. Burnaby Atkins, Esq.,
Halstead Place, Sevenoaks. Ixoras and Diplade-
nias were the strong features in this lot ; of the
former I. Fraseri, I. Williamsi, and I. Prince of
Orange were all finely grown and flowered, with
extra large trusses of bloom ; of the latter, D. Brear-
leyana, D. amabilis, and D. boliviensis were equally
good, the last a remarkable specimen in the rudest
health ; Anthurium Scherzerianum and Bougainvillea
glabra were likewise in good order. Mr. James, of
Lower Norwood, followed with a good set of plants,
most of which have been reported on at previous
shows. Ericas were his strongest points. Mr. Gibson
repeated his success in the smaller class with another
well grown lot of plants, being followed by Mr. OSer,
gr. to J. Warren, Esq., Handcross Park, Crawley,
the latter exhibitor taking 1st place with ten fine-
foliage plants of noble proportions — Buonapartea
stricta being a well developed plant, and one that is
seldom seen staged in such collections, Crotons
Warreni and Evansianus were also very attractive.
Mr. Jupp, gr. to G. Boulton, Esq., Torfield, East-
bourne, followed in this class with a very fresh and
clean collection, Alocasia Thibautiana and Anthurium
crystallinura being prominent.

Orchids were well shown, Mr. James taking 1st
for eight, having among others good examples of
Epidendrum vitellinum, Cattleya Jlendelii, and
Cypripedium Lawrenceanum. In the next lot, from
Mr. Meachen, gr. to Mrs. Armstrong, Withdene, near
Brighton, was a very good plant, freely flowered, of
Atjrides odoratum majus. Mr. .lames staged in the
miscellaneous class a beautifully grown lot of
pitcher-plants that were a most attractive feature.
Messrs. Rivers, of Sawbridgeworth, also showed in
the same class some splendid examples of fruit trees
in pots. Cherries (Early Rivers, very fine). Peaches,
Nectarines, Plums, and Pears, were all in fine order
— the last exhibitor also taking 2nd for a collection
of fruit, having again strong points in the same
sections. Mr. Edmonds, Bestwood Gardens, Notts.,
was placed 1st in this class with uniformly good
examples of Madresfield Court, Black Hamburgh,
and Buckland's Sweetwater Grapes, with fine Pines,
Peaches, and Nectarines made him a formidable
opponent. With Grapes, in the classes, the same
exhibitor, Mr. Duncan, gr. to C. T. Lucas, Esq.,
Warnham Court, and Mr. Goldsmith, gr. to C. A.
Hoare, Esq., Kelsey Manor, Beckenham, were
awarded the premier prizes, each staging, in excel-
lent order. Pines, Peaches, Nectarines, and Cherries
were also shown in first-rate condition. Roses were
prominent among cut flowers, Messrs. W. Balchin
being the strongest exhibitors, followed by Rev. R.
C. Halls, of Woodmancote Rectory, and Mr. G. W.
Piper in the other classes. Collections of cut speci-
mens of herbaceous plants were shown by Mr. T.
Ware, of Tottenham, in his usual style.

BEIGATE ROSE SHO'W.

The always interesting show of this very old Rose
Society took place on Thursday July 7, in the beau-
tiful grounds of Mrs. A. J. Waterlow, Great Doods,
Reigate. The Society is to be congratulated on the
attainment of its majority, this being the twenty-
first annual Rose show — and a very good one it was.
Two tents were filled. In the All-England division
the Reigate growers maintained the high position

86

THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

[July 16, 1887.

held by them at the National and other shows ; Mr.
Haywood being 1st in thirty-six varieties, with fine
flowers of Margaret Haywood, a very fine flower, of
light salmon-pink, thick petals, and of great size;
Eclair, Lord F. Cavendish, Pride of Eeigate, Le
Havre, and other well-known varieties.

For twenty-four distinct varieties, Miss Baker took
the leading place, with extra fine flowers of, amongst
others, Lord F. Cavendish, Mrs. Laxton, Merveille de
Lyon, Eclair, Mary Bennett, and Madame Rambaud,
a beautiful addition to the pinks.

Mrs. A. J. Waterlow was 1st with the twelve
trebles in this division, with very fine flowers of
Madame Gabriel Luizet, Baroness Rothschild. The
same exhibitor took the leading prize for eighteen
Teas and Noisettes ; the new Princess of Wales was
shown well in this class.

In the members' classes a very strong competition
was general, and in nearly every class eight or ten
competitors. For the several classes the prizes stood
in the following order : — Twelve varieties, Rev.
Alan Cheales, with very clear good flowers. Nine
varieties, Mr. Mawley, whose specimens were very
large and well grown. For six, the same exhibitor
took the leading place.

The National Rose Society's Medal, for the best
bloom in the show, was for the best hybrid perpetual,
duplicated, the judges finding two flowers of superior
excellence — Mr. Mawley's wonderfully fine Jean
Liabaud and the fine sport from Mr. Haywood's
garden described above, Margaret Havwood.

The finest Tea was Hon. Edith Giffard of Miss
Baker.

Especially to be noted were the three very chaste
entries for the prizes for table decorations for six
persons. The 1st prize was awarded to Miss B.
Waterlow, for a study in blue and white, in which the
leading fiowers used were Delphiniums, white Pinks,
Campanulas, and Poppies, with foliage of Acer
Negundo. Miss .Steel was a close 2nd ; Miss F. E.
Thomson, 3rd. Miss Thornton took the lead for the
one device of Roses and foliage ; Miss Steel for other
flowers and foliage. Poppies and grasses ; whilst
Miss Baker and Miss A. Hardy took the prizes for
buttonhole bouquets.

Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Son, of Newtonards,
Ireland, sent a box of their new H.P. Rose Earl of
Dufl'erin. They arrived after their long journey
from Belfast in very fair condition, and the variety
was considered very promising. It is of fine shape,
in the way of Maurice Bernardin, but entirely dis-
tinct in colour — rich velvety brownish-red, or crim-
son— the colour more resembling that of Louis Van
Houtte. It looks a good Rose.

The judges and exhibitors were the guests of the
President, Mr. T. B. Haywood, and an inspection of
the Roses and wonderful Orchids of Woodhatch
Lodge formed one of the pleasantest incidents of the
Reigate show day. George Paul.

BBAINTREE AND BOOKING HOBTI-
CULTTJRAL.

In the pleasant grounds of Booking Place, by per-
mission of Sydney Courtauld, Esq., tiie Treasurer of
the Society, the annual summer show was held on
July 7. Good music and a delightfully fine day
favoured the exhibition, and added to the enjoyment
of the visitors. The exhibits were of excellent
quality, and occupied fully the four large marquees
provided, there being in all 480 entries — a fact which
mast be our excuse for mentioning only a few of the
principal exhibits. The Silver Cup, value 3 guineas,
given by Mrs. J. N. Harrison for the best group of
six stove or greenhouse foliage plants, was taken
by Mr. J. Burrell, gr. to W. W. Duffield, Esq.,
Chelmsford, whose exhibits in this and every
other class in which he competed were of the
highest order; Mr. Dance, gr. to Colonel Lowe,
Gosfield Hall, was 2nd ; and Mr. J. W. Rolfe,
gr. to Captain Harrison. Saling Grove, 3rd. The
Silver Cup, value 3 guineas, given by Sydney Cour-
tauld, Esq., for six stove or greenhouse plants in
flower also fell to Mr. Burrell, whose medium-sized
plants he need not be ashamed to take to any show
in the kingdom. The special prize of 3 guineas,
given by Miss Cawston for eight foliage j)lant8 in
9-inch pots, was taken by Colonel Lowe, who also
took 1st prize for a well arranged group of foliage
and flowering plants; Miss Cawston. Folly House,
High Garrett, being 2nd with a fine lot, whose only
defect was in the backing. Tlie prizes for six e.xotic
Ferns called forth a good response. Here again Mr.
J. Burrell was well 1st, Colonel Lowe 2nd, and Miss
Cawston 3rd.

For six hardy Ferns Mr. J. Burrell was Ist, and
Colonel Lowe 2nd ; Mr. Burrell also easily securing
1st for both flowering and foliage single speci-
mens. Other extra fine exhibits were the Achimenes,
Caladiums, Gloxinias, Begonias, and Fuchsias of
Colonel Lowe, Miss Cawston, and Mr. Clements, gr.
to J. R. Vaisey, Esq. Wild flowers, cottagers'
exhibits of flowers, vegetables, and fruit, honey,
and miscellaneous exhibits, were well represented ;
and the dinner-table decorations, bouquets, and
buttton-hole bouquets were excellent, the ladies —
especially in the district — going heartily into the
matter. The best table decorations were — Sydney
Courtauld, Esq., 1st ; Mrs. J. Taylor, Booking. 2nd ;
Mrs. J. Carter, Braintree, 3rd. Mrs. Sidney Cour-
tauld was also 1st in a well-contested class for three
button-hole bouquets.

The cut Roses of Mr. Brown, of Braintree, and
the fruits and vegetables exhibited by Mr. Rolfe,
Mr. Seder, Mr. Brazier, Mr. Clements, and Mr.
Rawlinson, were of very fine quality.

Of equal attraction for the visitors were the plant-
houses and fine collection of Orchids which were
kindly thrown open by Sydney Courtauld, Esq., for
inspection under the guidance of Mr. Gunn, the gar-
dener, and Mr. Alfred Wright the Orchid-grower.
Much curiosity was excited by the famous collection
of Pitcher plants, which includes the rarest and
handsomest kinds. The blood-red pitchered N.
sanguinea has seven very large pitchers ; N.
Mastersiana is equally good ; N. Northiana, per-
haps the finest that has ever yet been seen ; and all
the others in grand order. Much notice also was
taken of the rich collection of Masdevallias, the
pigmies evidently attracting more attention than the
large-flowered varieties ; M. Simula, M. gemmata,
M. tridactylitis, M aucherifera, M. xanthocorys, M.
calura, M. rosea, M. pulvinaria, and many others
were in bloom, as well as a very large number of
Cattleyas. with a most magnificent variety of C.
Sanderiana among them ; Miltonia vexillaria and
Roezlii, Promeniea citrina with eighteen golden
flowers each 3 inches across, gi'own in a cold-house ;
Sophronitis violacea, ten flowers ; Anguloa Ruckerii ;
many Epidendrum vitellinum majus. Nanodes
Medusai, a grand Oncidium macranthum, and
many Cypripediums, Epidendrums, Phalienopsis,
Saccolabiums, Dendrobiums, &c.. gave attractions
which an Orchid grower would delight to linger over.
A Correspondent.

BATH BOSE SHOW.

.luLY 7 — 8. — The annual Rose exhibition of the
Bath Floral FiJte and Band Committee was held in
the Sydney Gardens on the above dates, when
glorious weather prevailed ; but owing to shows
being held in various other places at the same time
the competition was not so keen as usual in the big
classes. In consequence of the recent tropical
weather the blooms generally were deficient in size,
substance, and freshness, excepting, however, the
stands put up by Messrs. Harkness & Son, Bedale,
Yorkshire, and Mr. Thomas Hall, of Birkenhead.

Nurserymen. — The Silver Cup or eight guineas
oifered for seventy-two varieties, single trusses, only
brought out three exhibitors, all of whom showed
well ; Messrs Harkness & Son, Bedale, Yorkshire,
being a good 1st ; Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt,
2nd ; and Messrs. George Cooling & Sons, Bath, 3rd.
The best blooms in the Yorkshire growers' stands
were Auguste Rigotard, Catherine Mermet, Jean
Ducher, Prince Arthur, Hoi'ace Vemet, Merveille de
Lyon, and Madame de Watteville, Rej-nolds Hole,
La France, and Jean Ducher, were the best blooms
in Messrs. Paul's stands. The latter firm was 1st for
thirty-six trebles, distinct, showing, among others,
good blooms of Niphetos, Ulrich Brunner, and
Edouard Andry ; Messrs. Cooling & Sons being
a good 2nd ; only two lots were staged.
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., Torquay, were
awarded 1st for eighteen trebles, distinct varieties,
the best blooms were Marie Baumann and E. Y. Teas.
Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., .Salisbury, were
placed 2nd with, we think, better all round blooms
than those staged in the 1st prize stand. Messrs.
JeflTeries & Son, Cirencester, being 3rd. Three lots
were staged. Messrs. JeflTeries also carried off 1st
houours in the next class for thirty-six trusses, dis-
tinct ; their best blooms being Marquise de Castellane,
Mar^chal Niel. Fisher Holmes, Louis Van Houtte,
and Dr. Andry. Messns. Curtis, Sandford & Co.,
and Mr. George Prince, Oxford, being respectively
2nd and 3rd. Out of five st.inds of Tea or Noisette
Roses, Mr. George Prince was 1st, a good bloom of

Marfchal Niel in his stand securing the Silver Medal
given by the National Rose Society for the best
Tea or Noisette Rose in the show.

Amateurs. — There were three competitors in the
class for thirty-six single trusses, distinct varieties,
Mr. Thos. B. Hall. Larchwood. Birkenhead, being 1st,
showing a good even fresh lot of blooms, including
Julius Finger, La France, A. K. Williams, Hon.
Edith Giffard, and E. Y. Teas ; Mr. George Campbell,
gr. to Dr. S. P. Budd, Bath, was 2nd ; and W. T. Grant,
Esq., Hereford. 3rd. A bloom of Countess of Oxford
in this stand secured the Silver Medal of the National
Rose Society for the best Rose in the show. In the
following class for eighteen trebles, distinct, Mr.
Hall was again to the front ; 2nd, Mr. W. T. Grant.
In the class for twelve Teas or Noisettes Mr. Grant
was 1st, for a neat fresh lot of blooms, including
Niphetos, Caroline Kuster, and Jean Ducher. Alfred
Evans, Esq., Marston, had the best twenty-four single
trusses out of five stands put up. Mr. Narroway,
O.xford, was 1st for twelve trebles, and again for six
Teas or Noisettes, his best blooms being Belle Lyon-
naise, Catherine Mermet, and Abb6 Rustand.

Open Classes. — With twelve trusses of any Rose,
Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co. were a capital
1st, showing fine evenly-matched, fresh blooms
of Reynolds Hole ; 2nd, Messrs. Curtis & Sand-
ford, with Men-eille de Lyon ; 3rd, Mr. Hobbs,
with Baroness Rothschild : eight stands were put
up in this class. In the corresponding class
for twelve yellow Roses there was only one
lot staged, and for these (Mar^chal Niel) Mr.
J. Smith was awarded a 1st prize. Messrs.
Curtis & Sandford were 1st in the class for twelve
blooms of any crimson Rose with Marie Rady,
being closely" followed by Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co., with A. K. Williams and Dr.
Budd, with Ulrich Brunner. Messrs. Sandford
led again with twelve blooms of La France, Dr.
Budd being 2nd with the same variety. Three
stands of six trusses each were put up in the class
for any Rose introduced in 1885-6 : 1st, Messrs. Paul
& Son, with Her Ma,)esty ; 2nd, Messrs. Cooling, with
the same variety ; Mr. George Prince being 3rd, with
The Bride. Messrs. Cooling & Sons were the only
exhibitors of twelve button-hole Tea Roses, distinct,
three trusses of each, and they were deservedly
awarded 1st prize. This firm was also a good 1st
for a very tastefully arranged basket of Roses.

Local Prices (Amateurs). — A 1st prize of a Gold
Medal and 30s., for twenty-four blooms, distinct
varieties, was secured by Dr. S. P. Budd, showing
very well.

Miscellaneous. — Bouquets of Roses were quite a
feature of the show, Mr. Mattock and Messrs. Cool-
ing & Sons being 1st and 2nd in that order for
twelve, and in the class for six, confined to amateurs,
Mr. W. Narroway, Mr. S. Brown, Bath, and Mr.
Chapman, took the prizes in the order in which
their names appear.

Fifty-five dishes of Strawberries were shown in
fine condition, being large and highly coloured, Sir
J. Paxton being the favourite variety. Mr. T. Evry
and Mr. W. Evry were the chief prize winners.

The Weather.

THE PAST WEEK.
The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending July 11, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been in a somewhat unsettled
condition in Ireland and Scotland, with cloudy or
overcast skies and some considerable falls of rain ;
over England, however, the weather has again been
fair generally, the only rainfall experienced being
some local showers. Thunder and lightning have
occurred at times in different parts of the kingdom.

" The temperature has been slightly below the
mean in ' Scotland, N..' but in all other districts it
has continued above, the excess ranging between 2°
and 4°. The highest of the maxima, which were
recorded in most places on the 8th. ranged from 78°
in ' Scotland, N,' to 86° in the ' Midland Counties,'
and to 87° in ' England, E.' The lowest of the
minima, which were generally registered either on
the .5th or 6th, were decidedly low for the season
over Great Britain, ranging from .34° to 38° in Scot-
land, and from 35° to 42° over England ; in Ireland
the lowest reading was 46°, and in the ' Channel
Islands,' 50°. During the latter part of the period

jf!eLt ,M, imiii

THE' y(M'MhENMmS'/vWm^O'NIC^I.E.

m

the minima were high, at manv stations not felling
bel*wd3°. and in some instances no lower than G2°.

" The rainfall has been rather more than the mean
in Scotland, and about equal to it in Ireland ; but
over the greater part of England the fell has been
very slight.

"Bright sunshuie shows a decrease in nearly all
districts, but over England and the Channel a con-
siderable amount has again been recorded. The
percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged
from 23 to 28 in Ireland, from 29 to 38 in Scotland.
and from 38 to 52 in England and the ' Channel
Islands.' "

OF FOBTY-THREE YEAES.)

July 17 ...

... 63''.4

July 21

. 63°.4

„ 18 ...

... ei'A

„ 22

.. 63''.4

„ 19 ...

... 630.4

„ 23

.. 630.4

„ 20 ...

... 63°.4

Mean for the week .

. 63°.4

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degreea — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatube.

Above or
below the

Mean for

the week

ending

JiUy 11.

Accumulated.

DlSTRlOTS.

SI

o a

PriQcipal Wheal>pro-
duciug Districts.

Day-
deg.

Day-

deg.

Day- 1 Day-
deg. [ deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

1 below

83

0

+ IM + 37

1. Scotland, E. ...

2 above

IIB

0

-1- 204

+ 41

2. Enqlasd. N.E....

2 above

134

0

+ 76

+ 82

3. England, E. ...

3 above

loS

0

- 22

+ 168

4. Midland Cos. ...

3 above

152

0

+ 29

-1- 166

5. England, S.

2 above

152

0

- 29

+ 161

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. SOOTLAKD, W. ...

2 above

120

0

+ 121'-)- 47

7. EHaLAKI>,N.W....

2 above

I3o

0

+ 64 + 118

8. Eholakd.S.W. ...

2 above

144

0

+ 69,+ 172

9. Ireland. N.

4 above

130

0

+ 224 + 23

10. Ibeland, S.

3 above

146

0

+ 211 + 97

— Channel Islands

3 above

1.54

0

— 22

+ 77

Eainfall.

Bright
Sunshine.

DiSTBIOTS.

Ijl

1,-

iS""

■sbs

hi

fas

jl-

a

r

i^'iz

|5S

Principal Wheat-pro-

Tenths of

ducing Districts.

0. Scotland, N. ...

6 more

110

19.5

29

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

1 more

81

9.9

29

34

2. England, N.E. ...

4 less

74

7.0

39

33

3. England, E. ...

4 less

70

7.6

51

40

4. Midland Cos. ...

6 less

68

8.3

45

36

5. England, S.

4 less

67

8.2

62

39

Principal Grazing, &c..

Distri-ct8.

6. Scotland, W. ...

3 more

86

17.0

38

36

7. England, N.W....

2 less

69

10.4

38
42

38

8. England, S.W....

3 less

70

9.4

16

9. Ireland, N.

1 more

81

12.6

23

36

1 less

70

11.7
8.6

28 43

— Channel Islands

3 less

80

62 60

Enquiries.

'* He that guestioneth much shall Isam mttch." — Bacon.

Evergreen Asparagus. — Duhamel du Monceau,
in his TraiU dcs Arhres, 1755, describes a hardy ever-
green Asparagus thus : — " Asparagus foliis acutis
C.B.P. (i.e., Caspar Baiihin). Asperge toujours verte,
a feuilles piquantes. Nous ue comprenons dans
cette liste qu'une espece dAsperge ; c'est la seule
qui conserve des tiges rh}Ter et qui forme un
petit arbuste. Cette sorte d'Asperge ne craint
point le froid." I should like to know what Aspara-
gus this can be. There is a plate of it, but that
does not much help. Henry K. EUacombe.

Notices to Correspondents.

Caknation Souvenir de la Malmaison ; E. B. M.
The cultivation of this plant does not differ
greatly from that pursued with any other hardy
plant grown under glass during the cold months.
High temperature, either by day or night, must be
carefully avoided, and ample ventilation given in
fine weather, keeping the plants in cold pits or
low houses, so that they are near the light and do
not get " drawn." Use rather rich stiff loam, with
enough sand added, to prevent souring; pot firmly
whenever shifting into larger pots is necessary,
and during the resting season be careful with the
water-pot.

Becaying Elms ; Mrs. W. We cannot tell what has
killed the trees. The bark you send is the home
of numerous scavenger insects, but they did not
occasion the death of the tree. Without knowing
more of the local circumstance we cannot give
a more satisfactory reply.

Geometrical Designs for Beds ; Hope. Messrs. H.
Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, Messrs Carter &
Co., and others, publish a list of such, indicating
the particular kinds of plants to fill them with.

Lime Leaves : (?. Bodd. The " nail-galls " on your
Lime leaves are the work of a mite. (See p. 83.)

Insects : M. S. The very minute larrse (not a line
long), just hatched from the patch of eggs on your
Vine leaf, belong to the species of Geometridffi, or
loopers. Until more fully grown we cannot deter-
mine the species. /. 0. JV.
Names of Plants : B. Morris. 1, Cattleya Mossite,
but with lip something like that of C. labiata
Wameri : we know of no name to distinguish it ;
2, Cypripedium Parishii ; 3, Epidendrum virens ;
4, Dendrobium chrysanthum ; 5, Eria pubescens.
— W. P. Veronica Teucrium var. prostrata. —
Belac. 14 and 15. varieties of Campanula persici-
folia: 22, Lilium testaceum ; 18, Centranthus
ruber; 21. Santolina incana; 2.5, Calochortus pur-
pureus. — Yming Gardener. 1, Staphylea pinnata,
the Bladder-nut ; 2, Rhopala sp. ; 3, Trachelo-
spermum jasrainoides ; 4, Diplacus glutinosus ; 5,
Crassula coccinea var. ; 6, Rhus typhinum. — C. ^
Son, Aberdeen. 1, not recognised ; 2, Gillenia tri-
foliata. — H. J. B. Lilium pardalinum californi-
cum. — H. P. B. The young leaves of one of the
greenhouse Araucarias, not recognisable in this
stage — O. J. S. Polygonum cuspidatum. — J.
Morton. Ton send only one flower, and that was
dried up before we got it ; it is an Asclepiad of
some sort. — JV. A. K. Gongora, or Acropera
Loddigesii.
Panst Roots Diseased : B. J. A prolonged ex-
amination of the root fibres under the microscope
offers no satisfactory explanation of the condition
of the rootlets. They are all badly excoriated, as
if from the attack of small or microscopic animals.
Microscopic eel-worms are present, but the evi-
dence is insufficient to convict them of the mis-
chief. None of the fungi peculiar to Violets are
present. W. G. S.
Bed Seed: Thomas B. Thompson. The bright red
seed sent cannot be accurately determined. It is
evidently a species of Dioclea, or Mucuna, or some
very closely allied genus.
Roses : Y. S. We cannot undertake to name varie-
ties of these flowers. Send your specimens to
some large grower of them.
Single-floweued Delphiniums; Bobbie if- Co. The
sorts sent consisted of flowers of beautiful hues,

but we observe, others, as_ go(?d, and, in some cases,
better, especially as regards size of spike and
arrangement of colours, in the flowers raised by
one or two Southern growers.
White Lapaqebia : W. McI. A beautiful spray of
this lovely creeper.

CoMaiUNlCATIONS RECEIVED.— T. H. M.— F. Sander.— R. L.—
H. W. W.— J. D.— Orchis.— R. D.— G. S. Jenman.— W.
Fell & Co.— Messrs, Webb & Sons,— Messrs, Little & Ballan-
tine.— W. H, B.— W, P.— W, P. H.— W, A. G„ contents of
box lost.- W. B. H.— D. T. F.— F. M. <Glasneven).— H. C—
J, D.— C. & S,— E. C— W, Lovel & Son (Somerset).— H. E.
—A. F. B. (Lancaster).— W. P. A. (Sweden).— Canon E,
(do not know).— L, L, (Brussels).— C. W. D. (Malpas).— E. J.
— W. L, H,— E, W,— J, R, J.— C. T. D.— F. A. L,— J. W.—
J. J, W.— W. H. L.— H. M. W.— J. H, and J, B,— E. B.—
J. Z.— W. E. 6.-J. A. H,— Judge W.— G. N.— Dr. C— H. K.
J. C. & Co.— W. S.— J. F,— X, F.

IARKET8.

COJ'^NT GARDEN, July 14.

Heavy supplies of outdoor fruit now to hand,
especially Cherries shelving good crops. Straw-
berries falling off. except on ground artificially
watered. Trade for best goods falling off. James
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market,

FHiriT.— AVEHAQK WHOLESALE PRIOEa.

Cherries, J-aieve ...4 0-6 0
Grapea, per lb. ... 1 0- 2 6
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 9-16
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons, eaoh ...16-3 0

Peaches, dozen ... 4 0-12 0
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-16
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50
Strawberries, per lb. 0 3-10

Vegetables— Average Retail Prices.

Caul i flow

Artichokes, perdoz... 4 0- ...
Asparagus, English,

per 100 5 0- ...

Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch.., 0 9- ...
" ■■" , spring,

0 9- ...

.16-20

.06-10

.30-...

, 0 4- ...

. 0 4- ...

,03-...

,16-20

Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 2- ...

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20

Mustard and Cress,
punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel... 4 ft- ...

Parsley, per bunch,,. 0 6- ...

Peas, per quart ... I 0- ,,,
each ...' r.. 0 9- ... Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

Celery, per bundle ... 16-20 ,, kidney, percwt. 4 0- & 0
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6-10 Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ...
Endive, per dozen ,,, 3 0- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3~ ,..
GreenMint, bunch... 0 4- ... Spinach, perbusbel... 3 0- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...

Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 6- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 16-20 Turnips, new, bunch 0 4- ...
POTiTOS.— Old samples much lower; new very plentiful from
Jersey and Cherbourg, prices ranging from 8s. to 12s. per cwt.

Plants is Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

d. s.d. s.d. s.d.

0-18 0 Heliotrope, dozen ... 4 0- 0 8
0-9 0 Hydrangeas, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
0-12 0 Lilium longiflorum,

I per dozen 18 0-30 0

0-60 0 I — lancifolium, doz. 12 0-18 0

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Calceolaria, dozen ,,. 4
Cypenis, per dozen . 4
Dracsena terminalis,

per dozen 30

■ -idis, per doz. 9

Eric

Euonymua,

per dozen
Evergreens,

per dozen

Ficus elastica, each
Foliage plants, vari

Fuchsias, doz.

riety, per

0-24 0 Lobelias, dozen
I Marguerite Di

0-30 0 I per dozen ...

I Mignonette, doz.

0-18 0 : Musk, per dozen
, Myrtles, per do:

Pelargon:

,30-60

6 0-12 0
4 0-60
2 0-40
len... 6 0-12 0
each 2 6-21 0
, dozen 6 O-lo tt
scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60
— Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40
Rhodanthe, dozen ,.,6 0-9 0
Scented Verbena, doz. 4 0-60
Spirtea, per dozen ... 9 0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun ... 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Carnations. 12 blms. 0

— dozen bunches... 3
Cornflower, 12 bun. 1
Eucharis, per dozen 3
Gardenias. 12 blooms 1
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0
Iris, various, 12 bun, 6
Jasmine, white, bun. 0
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms 3

— lancifolium. 12bl. 1

— candidum,12bun.l2
Marguerites, per 12

0-6 0
0-2 0
0-6 0
0-3 0
6- 1 0
0-12 0
6-0 9

0-6 0
6-2 0
0-15 0

Mignonette. 12 bun. 2 0-
Myosotis, 12 bun. ... 2 0-
Pansies, 12 bunches 2 0-
Pelargoniums,12spr. 0 (

bunches

... 3

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0-
Roses, Tea. per doz. 0 6-

— coloured, dozen. 0 6-

— red.perdozen ... 0 6-

— Saffrano.dozen,,, 1 0-
Spirtea, 12 bunches.. 6 0-
Stephanotls, 12 spr. 2 0-
Tropffiolums, 12 bun. 1 0-

0- 6 0 I Tuberoses. 12blm3.... 1 0-

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : July 12. —Old Pota-
tos in narrow compass, and prime qualities dear.
New Potatos in larger supply, and prices lower.
Quotations: — Old Magnum Bonums, 70^. to 105s. per
ton ; Jersey new kidneys, 10s. to 12s. ; Malta
rounds, Ss. to 9s.; Lisbon, rounds, 75. to 9.^.; Cher-
bourg rounds, Bs. to 9s. per cwt.

Stratford : July 12. — Quotations : — Old : English
Magnums, 80.s. to 100s. per ton. New : Jersey, Ss. 6e/,
to 10s. ; Cherbourg, 7s. 6fi. to 8s. %d. ptn- cwt. -

88

THE GARDENEBS' CERONICLE.

[JniT 18, 1887.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nurwry and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucka of 10
yards each, at 10*. per yard. In bags at 2.t. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at \bs. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 6s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, Is. 6d. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13.!. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Farnboro' Station, Hants.

GTaRDEN and FARM REQUISITES.—
i Archangel, Petersburg, Garden and Packing MATS of
every description. RAFFIA. TOBACCO PAPER, and CLOTH ;
GREENHOUSE SHADINGS of all kinds; PEAT, LOAM,
SILVER-SAND, and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE; GARDEN
NETTING and TOOLS ; RICK-CLOTHS and TARPAULINS
for sale or hire; MARQUEE, TENT, and FLAG Makers;
JUBILEE TENT, 25s. each, complete.

SLY, DIBBLE and CO., 129, Commercial Street, London, E.
Illustrated Catalogues post-free.

TREPHOforORCHIDS.

For Potting. Rafts, Blocks, &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.K.B.S.,

75a, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. E.C. ; and
SWAN PLACE, OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all Hobticustural Requisites post-free.
POTTERY of all descripti

WEED DESTROYER.

A NEW DISCOVERY.— The Cheapest, Best, and Most
Effectual Prcpiinition for Killing Weeds, Dandeliong, Moss, &c.,
on Carriage Drives, Garden WalKS, or wherever they may exist.

No disturbance of gravel. Saves labour, time, and money.
Supersedes all other preparations.

Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, the extensive
and well-known nurserymen, write us : — " We are pleaded to
say that your Weed Killer is very effective, cleanly to use, and
the best we ever tried."

CUPROLESF is used with the greatest success in all parts of
the United Kingdom. Testimonials on application.

Prices, Carriage Paid to any Station.

4 galls., sutticient for 100 galls, of water ... £0 6 0
8 „ „ 200 „ „ ... 0 12 0

16 „ „ 400 „ „ ... 1 2 0

40 .. „ 1000 2 7 6

5 per Cent. Disct. for Cash ; carriage paid on returns of 16 galls.

DEIGHTON & CO., Agricultural Chemists. Bridgnorth.

JENSEN'S

Every grain fertilizes b
pare. It is most econ<
100 parts of soil hi '

111. one piirt of M
mple for yarilea

perfectly

Write for Pamphlet, Testimonials and Instructions.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker'H ttnalysis guaranteed. FIPH-POTASH
contains Ammonia, Phosphates and Potash in large
proportions, which are the principal elements of
fertiUzatinti.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins. Is. ; in Bags. 7 lbs., 2s. ; 14 lbs.,

4s. ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d. ; 56 lbs., 1 0s. 6d. : I cwt.,

16s.; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED,
10 St. K"!""'" Plopo. T,oTi(^nn. E.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. pvT busliel ; Ino for 2-^.';. ; truck (loo.w, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bu3hel baK3, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. 6d. per Back; 5 sacks,
2.'is. ; sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. bs. per sack, .'i sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COAESE SILVER SAND. Is. 9d. per bushel; 1.5s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton. in 2-bu«hel bags. 4d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAil, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM .MOSS. 8s. »d. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS. VIROm CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. O. 8HYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

PEAT — PEAT — PEAT. —
Very superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Mascal Estate, North Cray, Kent.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Succes,sor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, Ibi. Queen Victoria
Street, E.C, near Mansion House Station. Dep6t: SwanPlac,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegrams — " Floriculture. London." Established 1854.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.
Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (AU sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous ... ."Ss. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. W.
PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. erf. ,, 5 sacks for 20s.
PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 25s.
LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... ~J

PREPARED COMPOST, best (is. per bush., 3s. per sack.
LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included),

PEAT MOULD, „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is.perlb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... »d: lb., 28 lb. 18s.
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialit*) M. lb., 28 lb. 18s.
MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 6s. per bushel.
CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-'I In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for ( . "^ .

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. 1 cut.

Fruits. Vegetables. &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-
CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-
VIRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-
HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. M. per bushel.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks. 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;

30 sacks, 26s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,

in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWAIL, LONDON. E.

MYOCQM FLY GUM.

Catches FLIES, MOSQUITOS, WASPS, &c.

Sample Box, Post-free for Is.

T. CHRISTY & CO., 2.5, Lime St., London, E.C,

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be the best tor all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, KERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

bv innumerable unsolicitedTestimonials. Rhododendron PEAT,
LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FIBRE, CHARCOAL, &c.. and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials.

EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter drejising for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes. Is., 3s.. and 10s. Gd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Whole.sale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

WARNER'S GARDEN ENGINES
AND WATER B A_KROWS

Are of the

best mate-

rials,

ugth.

to Tohn Waner & Sons at Eih b t o si Id at Calcutta'.
N ce London \ enna Amhe m May nee Brabant Br issels,
&c and Twos Iver Medal"? awarded by the Royal Hort cultural
Soc ety Manufacturers of Garden Sjr nges Fountains &c.
Ill i«trated PRICE LISTS upon applicat on to

JOHN WARNER iND SONS. Hydraulic and Horticultural
Engineers. The Crescent Foundry, Cripplegate. E.C. ; and the
Foundry Works, Walton-on- the- Naze. Essex. To be obtained
at every Ironmonger and Plumber in the Kingdom.

ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,

Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Mauurea, «c. Cheapeat Prices of
WATSON AWT> SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

l.'jc

21 (

13J by 8} for 10/- for 14/-
12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or .300 squares lb ounce, 8 by g,
12 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6 or 250 squares 8J by 6J, or 229
H „ 10 „ 13/- „ 19/- squares, 9^ by 6}, or 170 squares,
14 „ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- S by 7}, or KW squares, 10 by 8,
12 „ 12 ,, 13/- ,, 20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all ordsri
18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- over £3.
20 „ 12 ,, 24/- „ 35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Beat LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5rf. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAKEHOUSE,
14, Moot Lane, Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

You Should Use

WARNER'S WATER BARROWS
WARNER'S AQUAJECTS.

The very Beat. Lists and Prices of

JOHN WARNER and SONS,

CRESCENT FOUNDRY. CRIPPLEGATE. LONDON, E.C.
ly Manufacturers of Prize .Medal GAKDEN ENGINES and
SYRINGES, all the very best quality.

Established,

HENRY HOPE,

Ilortic

al Suilder nnd
tvater Engineer.

65, Lionel St.. Birmingham.

Plans and Estimates on
application.
Experienced Workmen sent to any part of the Kingdom.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK ISONWOEKS, STOURBRIDGE,

Tbe Best

and Quickest

Hade.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot^-n-ater Pipes. 9feet long. 4s. 3rf. each;

4-in. Socket Hot- water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each.

Full Illustrated Revised Price List on application.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent aubstitut* for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be
applied oold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6(i. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, U. 8rf. per gallon in caaka of 36. 20, or
10 gailonB.

y-f J /■f'TT 7"/) Kf Every cask bears the above Registered

V^U±1\JJ.\. Trade Mark. Beware of cheap

HILL & SMITH

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

tT, Dawson Street, Dublin.

July 16, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' GEJtONICLE.

89

THOMAS'S TRAINING TRELLISES

No. 81. GALVANISED AFTER MADE.

For Training Peas instead of

Training Plants to Walls. &c.

In Panei^.
6 feet by 3 feet ... 2s. each.
6 feet b^ 4 feet ... 38. each.
6 feet by 6 feet ... 4b. each.
Also used tor training plants,
made any size to ordar.
6-inch 4-inch 3-inch 2-inch l^inch mesh.

2d. 3d, Sid. 4d, 4Jd. per foot super.

GALVANISED WIRE NETTING.

Improved Machine-made.

Oreatly Reduced Prices per Boll of 60 Yards.

3 ft.
ride.

6 ft.

Mesh. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.

3-ln. 34 60 6S10 0

2-ln. 46 69 90 13 6

li-in. 6 6 9 9 13 0 19 6

1-in. 8 0 12 0 16 0 24 0

STEEL BABB WIRE.

s. d.

100 yard Reels 6 0

260 „ „ }cwt. ... 12 6

630 „ „ 1 cwt. ... 26 0

Special Quotations for Large

Quantities.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362. EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

-J A A MILES of GARDEN NETTING for

J.UV/ Protecting FRUIT TREES. SEED-BEDS. PLAHTS.
FLOWERS, &c., 1-mch mesh, 100 yards by 2 yards, or 50 yards
by 4 yards, price 10s. each, carriage paid. Hundreds of Testi-
monials. Any size made to order. Trade supplied. Special
quotations for large quantities. LAWN TENNIS BOUNDARY
NETS, HAMMOCKS, FLAGS, CRICKET, SALMON, RABBIT,
and FISHING NETS.

ABBOTT AND CO., Net Manufacturers, Lowestoft.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, \ld. per
yard; lOj. per 100 yards; 25 yards 3 yards wide post-
free <s. ; 4 yards wide, 3d. per yard ; 20s. per 100. NEW
TWINE NETTING. 1 inch mesh, 1 yard wide, M. ; 2 yards
wide, 3d. ; 4 yards wide, ii. per yard. COTTON NETTING,
64 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch, Id. per yard (best
article to protect fruit trees, &c.). BAT FOLDING NETS, on
Bamboo poles, 20s. CLAP NETS, for birds, 30s.

W. CULLLNGFORD, Forest Gate, London, E.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

^* INDIGESTION*^

See Testimonial, selected from hundreds :—

CROYDON, 1885.
" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, J am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffer ins, from the same.
"7. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price i«. iV//., 2s. qrf. and lis.
INDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMI-

CAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo,
cloth. Price 5s.

L INDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price
Is. sewed.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW AKD CO., 9, Bouverie
Street, E.C.

WINE GROWERS' AGENTS.

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

Old-establislied 'Wiiie and Spirit Merchants.

GOOD DINNEE CLAEETS from 12s. 6d. per dozen.

SOLE AGENTS FOE

GEVENCEY CHAMPAGNE (Sp^ciaUt^), 30s. per dozen.

99, GEESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.C.

New Edition, Corrected up to Date,

THE GOHAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

(TWO HTTNDBED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.)
By the late SiB JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardenen' Chronicle.

Price 8d., Post-free 8^d. ;

Twenty.five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, IDs. ; and one hundred, 20s.
._ Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

DOULTON & WATTS,

LAMBETH POTTERY, LONDON, S.E.

VASES, PEDESTALS, FOUNTAINS,

GASDEN EDGINGS, ^c, in

IMPERISHABLE TERRA COTTA.

Tiles for Lining Walls of Conservatories,
AUT POTTERY, including JAMD IN TERES,

Table Decorations and Vases, Fountains, &c.,

for the Conservatory, In

DOULTON WARE, LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE NEW

SILICON WARE.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Show Rooms, Albert Embankment, S.E.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON. E.

BOBher's Garden Edging Iflas,

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
KITCHEN GAitDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little i
and once put down i
further labour or expense,
do "grown " Edgings, c
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNT AmS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, BlacWriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S,W.
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATENQ BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS,
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridorg, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, Sec. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tilea

of all Einds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHEK AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchant*.

See Addresses above.

L V E R

SAND

Q I

KJ fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Tmckload, on Wnarf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by poet.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
qu&ntitiea.

" Kl

de , , ,

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

GARDEN SHADINGS, scbiu, 'hessun,'

RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, PEAT,

SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, &c.,

At very Lowest Prices.

CATALOGUE on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135. COMMERCIAL STREET. LONDON, E.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3d3 and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all MiseeUaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,

34, St. Jobn Street, West Smltlifleld, London, E.C.

Stock List cmd Prices on application. Quote ChronicU.

TSE 'GA'RY)'ENWMS'^^ T^WTtONICLE.

[Jutf 16, 1887;

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Lint charged as two.

4 Lines.

5 rr •

6 „ .

7 „ .

8 „ .

9 „ .
10 „ .
U „ .

12 „ .

13 „ .

14 „ .

£0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
6
0
6
0
6
0

0 6 6
0 7 0
0 7 6
0 8 0

15 Lines.

16 „ .

17 „ .

18 „ .

19 „ .

20 „ .

21 „ .

22 „ .

23 „ .

24 „ .

25 „ .

£0 8 6

0 9 0

0 9 6

0 10 0

0 10 6

0 11 0

0 11 6

0 12 0

0 12 6

0 13 0

0 13 6

AMD SIXPENCE TOR KVERT ADDITIONAL LINE.

K set acro83 two Gohimna, the lowest charere will be 20s.

If set acro33 three Columnfl. the lowest charge will be 30s.

Page. £3 ; Half ^.^se, £1 10!. ; Column. £3.

GARDENERS and OTHERS WANTING SITUATIONS.

a6 words, including name and address*, Is. 6(i., and 6d. for
•very atlditional line (about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESK ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

IMFORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
mgainst having Letters addressed to Initials at Postojftces, as
ail Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sejider.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, hs. each insertion.
Advertisements for the current week must Teach the Office
by Thursday noon. ' ■ '^ ■

All SubBCrlptlons Payable In Advance,

Thr United Kingdom : 12 -Months. IBs. ; 6 Months,

7s. 6d. : 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

FoREISN (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17a. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China. 19s. 6d.

Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office

12, UKl'RY LANE, W.C, to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

HY. VAN & CO.

(The Oldest London House in the Trade, Estd. 1780),

17, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

nimtrated CATALOrA'ES Post free.

PROTECTION FOR FRUIT AND FLOWERS.
6AKDEN NETTING, 2 vards wide, IJrf., or per 100 yards,

IDs. ; ditto, 4 yards wide, 3d., or per 100 ytirds, 20s.
SCKIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, M.; IJ yard, i^d,; and

2 yards, 6rf. per yard.
TIFF-ANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3i. 6rf. per piece.
SHADING BLINDS made up any size,
RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, Corn and Potato SACKS,

FLAGS, TENTS, &c., for Sale or Hire.
TOBACCO PAPER, RAFFIA, and Garden MATS of all kinds.

PORTABLE CXrCTIMBEIl FBAMES.

RHALLIDAY and CO, desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which thi-y always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, aud can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to anv station in England : — £ s, d,

2-light frame, 8 feJt bv 6 feet 1 p„„vi„„ ( 3 10 0
3-lightframe, 121eetby6feetV„^"",| -J 5 6 0
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet )'-'"'"' ""( 10 0 0
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pita at proportionately low prices.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Huth. .,!,.■ HuiM.rs ;.nd Eiiirincprs,

ROYAL HOKTICILTIltAt, WORKS, MIDDLETON,

-MANCIIKS'I'KR.

London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, ftc,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

RICBY, WAIKWRICHT & CO,

MANUFACTURERS,

Neptune "Works, Manchester,
Cotton Wool and Wadding

for Florists and Nurserymen.

Send for Samples and Prices.

BOULTON & PAUL,

Garden Engine and

Water-Barrow

Combined.

Th s implenieut va well
adapted for both large
and -nmall gardens. It
IS strong and well made
and not liable to get
out of order.
CASH PRICES
(Carriage Paid) :
15 gallon size, £.'i Ibx.
"" , „ £4 6s.

„ £4 15s.
Pumps for domestic
trarden purposes,
it'n Engines. Water
■ows, manufactured
b\ oursehe. NEW~GENERAL CATALOGUE sent free.
D 4— 1

WILLIAMS BROS. & CO.,

77, PERSHORE STREET,

BIRMINGHAM.

Complete Price List on application,
MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.
Railway Accid.^nts, Kmployer's l.iHlnhiy. iii^ur.-.Us.'ninst by the

T^ AIL WAY rASSEXGKlW ASSURANCE

IX COMPANY, 6-1, CornhiU, London. Income, f34B,000,
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,3.=i0,000. Mode-
rate Premiums—favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W,C, ; Head
Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

Telegraph, -"Staircase," Birmingham,
SONS & CO. (Limited),

HORTlCUtTURftiBIJiDERS.

;li, lilt-nheini Palace, and
..-,-, iic. N.uniarket,

51 & 52, PARK STREET, BIRMINGHAM.

FOR SALE, LOUDON'S " HORTUS BRI-
T-ANNICUS"; second-hand, in good preservation. Price,
£1 10,!.— M.W. A,, 41,Wellington Street, Stran.d..Lpn!iSB.M'.C.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr, J, T. AsHLF.E, late Foreman, has taken
the place of Mr. J. Lessels, deceased, at Aqualate
Hall Gardens, Shropshire,

Mr, James Wilkie, for the last five years at
Cardiff Castle Gardens, has been appointed Gar-
dener to Lord Obanmoee, Castle Macgarrett,
Claremorris, Ireland,

Covent Garden Market, W,C.

PARTNER WANTED, Whole attention re-
quired. Must be adapted to the business, and be
energetic— G. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W,C.

NURSERYMEN and MARKET GAR-
DEXERS.- An .active experienced Man, able to take
entire charge, and having small capital, may obtain a Share of
an Old-established Business upon beneticial terms.— Apply,
stating age, experience, and capital, to W, F., NorfoVc
Chronicle Office, Norwich.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a GARDENER, used
to Growing Cucumbers, Grapes, Tomat/-)s, Flowers,
&.C., for Market. Must be steady and show good results.
Help given.— O, GOBLE, Siltingbourne.

ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED

GARDENER, for Flower and Kitchen Garden ; Seven-
oaks. Good character.— Apply by letter, J, S., Monument
Buildings, E.C.

TXT" ANTED, a very good SINGLE-HANDED

Vt gardener, tor Small Kitchen and Flower Garden,
also Conservatory. Age about 40. A gentleman's recommenda-
tion preferred. Good wages.— Lady G., Bright's Library,
Bournemouth.

WANTED, for Derbyshire, a SECOND
GARDENER. Must have good experience of Glass
and Outdoor Work, and be well recommended. Without in-
cumbrance preferred. Wife to attind Lodge Gate, house.
g.as, and coal provided. Wages One Guinea per week. Church
of England.— State age and all particulars by letter only, to
W. H. WORTHINGTON, Esq., Derwent Bank, Derby,

V\7'ANTED,an UNDER GARDENER, for the

V > suburbs. Married man preferred. Must be energetic
and tidy. Wages lis. per week, -with cottage and milk. Good
character indispensable.— Write full particulars to M., Messrs.
Dawson Sl Sons, 121, Cannon Street, London, E,C.

WT'ANTED, by the middle of August, or

V T Inter, a thorough practical Man as GENERAL PLANT
GROWER, for a Market Nursery, Must eicell in the Culture
of Poinsettias, Cyclamens, and Pelargoniums. Wages, 305.
per week, and quarterly Bonuses on results. None need apply
who cannot produce satisfactory testimonials, and preference
will be given to one who has grown for Covent Garden. —
TURNER BROTHERS, Florists, Allerton, Liverpool.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a Second Man, age 25,
as GROWER for Market, Vines, Rosea, Ferns, and Cut
Stuff generally. Bunching and Packing. Wages, 24s,—
M/VNAGER, Wharton Grange, Framheld, Hawkfaurst.

WANTED, for a London Market Nursery,
an energetic MAN, to Grow Soft-wooded Plants and
Cut Flowers in quantity, and act as Foreman,— Please state
partix'ulars to F, B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Str^^et^Strand^JWX^^^^

Wanted.

HC.VNNELL AND Sl-lNS would be glad to
• hear from a young MAN of first-class character, and
well up in the knowledge of Auruubus, Dahlias, Carnations,
Pinks, &c., for this department ol their Nursery,— Swanley,
Kent.

ANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, for the

Houses.— Apply, stating age, wages, and references, to
C. B. MANSFIELD, Llysoneu Gardens, near St, Clears,
Carmarthenshire.

WANTED, a single MAN, who thoroughly
understands the Growing of Bouvnrdias, Pelargo-
niums, and Primula Blooms for Covent Garden Market.— Apply,
stating age, wages, and references, to C. B. MANSFIELD,
Llysonen Gardens, near St. Clears, Carmarthenshire.

ANTED, a WAREHOUSE PORTER,

for Wholesale Seed Trade.— State where last employeu
and wages required to HENRY CLARKE A»P SONS, 39.
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

JuLT 16, 1887.1

THE GABDENEB8' CH.lRONICLE.

91

WANT PLACES.

situations Wanted.

JOHN LAINU AND CO., having filled many
important plncea, can BECO.MMEND with every eonli-
dence. energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
lirst^rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want ot Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be sn.ted, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND CO.. The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

Gardeners, Under Gardeners, BalUfTs, Sec.

WAI. CUTJ5US1I AND SUN have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whosecharacters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
wvn recommend as to abilities, &c. — Ladies and Gentlemen re-
quiring either of the above can be suited with reliable, first-class
men by applying to Wm. Cutbush &Son, Highgat« Nurseries, N.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWAllDS. IIAILUFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CAltTEU and CO. have at all
times upon their Uegister reliable and competent MEN.
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries shoukl be made to 237 and 236. High Holborn. W.C.

KICHAHD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
ifec.— St. John's Nurseries. Worce-ster.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited. The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garstou. near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN. who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments

pARDENER (Head).— Age 31, married;

\IX sixteen years' good experience Inside and Out. Good
character.— VV., 18. Hillside Grove. Chase Road. Southgate, N.

GARDENER (Head), where more are kept. —
Practical in all branches of the profession. Disengaged
August 6. — T. C. The Gardens, Torrington, Wragby, Lincoln.

GARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly experi-
enced in all branches. Good references and character. —
23, Salisbury Road, Upper HoUoway. London, N.

GARDENER (Head).— Married, no family;
experienced in the General Management of a good
Garden. Highly recommended. — J. MACDOUGALL, 192.
Fairbridge Road, Upper HoUoway, London, N.

ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Davies, Gar-

dener to A. O. Walker. Esq., Lead Works, Chester, will
be pleased to recommend his Foreman, E. T. Jones, to any
liBdy or Gentleman requiring a practical Gardener. Two years'
good character. — Address as above.

ARDENER (Head). — Married ; a

thoroughly practical man; well versed in all branches,
including Orchids. Can be well recommended. Four and a half
years' good character. Abstainer. — B., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ARDENER (Head) ; married, no family.—

A Gentleman wishes to highly rtcommend his late
Head Gardener, John Gore, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring
the services of a thorough practical Gardener.— JOHN GORE,
Polegate, Sussex.

r\ ARDENER (Head). — Thoroughly expe-

\Ia rienccd in Vines, Fruit Trees, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Eighteen years' expe-
rience. Good references and character.- RUSE, Lostwithiel,
Cornwall.

ARDENER (Head); age 41, no family.--

Mr. Clarke, Gardener to the Earl of Lonsdale, Lowther
Castle, Penrith, can with the greatest confidence recommend a
thoroughly competent and reliable man in all matters of Hor-
ticulture. Undeniable character, and now at liberty. No
single-handed place accepted.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36;

first-class man in all branches ; his mother an excellent
Laundress, also Dairy. Highest character.- GARDENER,
4, Temperance Terrace. Constitution Hill, Snodlands. Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Married, no family ; ia open to engage
with any Lady or Gentleman as above. — Mr. MERRl"-
WEATHER, The Nurseries, Southwell, Notts.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Family one

(age 15); thoroughly understands Stove, Conservatory,
Vineries, Peach-houses, Roses, Ferns, &c. ; also good Kitchen
Gardener. Life experience, reliable.— ADVERTISER, Messrs.
James Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester.

ARDENER (Head Working); age 34.—

A Gentleman, breaking up establishment, wishes to
recommend his Gardener, who has been with him five years, to
mny Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man.
Well versed in every department. Wages moderate. — J.
TIMSON, Shirley Croft, Grantham.

ARDENER (Head WoRKiNG).~Age 30,

married; fifteen years' practical experience with Vines,
PeachoB, Figs, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Seven years' excellent
character from present employer.— H., 7, St. Andrew's Street
North, Bury St. Edmunds.

GARDENER (Head Working)!— Age 35;
total abstainer ; married, two children, youngest 8 years.
Has twenty years' practical experience in every oranch. Is
a thoroughly competent, reliable, industrious, and trustworthy
Gardener. First-cla^aPIantsman. Fruitand Vegetable Grower.
Excellent references. — GARDENER, Price, Florist, Ewell
Road. Surbiton.

/;> ARDENER (Head Working), or FORE-

yjf aiAN where two or three are kept.— J. T. HOWCOTT,
Kennells Ascott. Leyton Buzzard,

GARDENER.— Age 25; well recommended;
can make himself generally useful.— A. JACOBS, Mill
Green, Ingatestone, Essex.

ARDENER (good practical), or GENERAL

FOREMAN.— A^e 2i), single ; twelve years' experience
in every branch of the profession. Two years' excellent cha-
racter.—F. B., 44. Welledley Itoad, Kentish Town. N.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 23;
understands general routine of Gardening. Strong,
willing, and obliging.— E. W., 2, Canbury Villas, Canbury
Place, Kingston-on-Thames.

r^ ARDENER (Single-handed, or where

V_X help is given).— Age 26. Good experience and references.
— G. B., J. Simmons, 1, Horley's Cottages, Warwick Road,
Sutton, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second). —
Age 25, unmarried ; ten years' experience. Can be well
recommended by present employer. Two years' character. —
ARTHUR GREY, Court, Ham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second), in a Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 22 ; good references. Six years'
■ xperieuce.— B. WELCH, Stanhope Road. North Finchley. N.

GARDENER (Second), in a good Garden. —
Brought up in Nursery. Well up in Plant Work.— F.,
D. Sprigiugs. St. Albans.

G1 ARDENER (Under, or Third in a Gentle-
n man's Garden). — Age 19. single; two and a half years'
character. Recommended by Mrs. Holland, Kemertou Court,
Tewkesbury.

GARDENER (Undeb), in the Houses.—
Age 2\ ; used to Inside and Out. Four years' experi-
ence. Two years' good character.— D. Y., W. H. Broom, 12,
Richmond Crescent, Barnsbury, London, N.

GARDENER (Undeb), in a Gentleman's
Garden, where two or three are kept. — Age 22; five years'
good character; used to Indoor and Outdoor Work. — W.
ABBOTT, 68, Winsor Terrace, Beckton Road, Beckton, Essex.

GARDENER (Under). — Age 32, married,
one child (age 8). Flower and Kitchen Garden. Excellent
character. — G. HIGGS, The Gardens, Newlands Park. Syden-
ham. S.E.

ORCHID GROWER, or FOREMAN ; age 25.
—J. Stewart, The Gardens. Langford Park, Maldon,
Essex, can confidently recommend his Foreman, E. Bristow,
who has been with him five years, to anyone requiring his
services in either of the above capacities, — Address as above.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25;
eleven years' experience in all branches. First-chiss
references.- J.LEWIS, 32, The Mount. Frankwell, Shrewsbury.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 28 ;
twelve years' good experience. Can be well recommended.
Abstainer.- Present address, WILLIAM MOYES. Cargreen
Hall, Cornwall.

FOREMAN ; age 24.— G. W. Eden, Gardener
to the Right Hon. the Earl of Stradbroke, will be pleased
to recommend E. Lubbock as above, — Henham Gardens, Wang-
ford, Suffolk.

FOREMAN, in a good private establishment.
— Eight years' experience. Well up in Propagating and
Growing Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Excellent character,
—For further particulars please apply to H. CRUX, Camden
Nursery. Sissiughurst, Kent.

FOREMAN (Working).— Age 28; good ex-
perience. Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos.
Cut Flowers, and Soft-wooded Stuff for Market, Early and Late
Forcing. Can be well recommended. — T. H., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

FOREMAN (Working), Outdoors. — Alpha
desires re-engagement. Well up in Roses, Fruits,
Conifers, and general Nursery Work. Excellent references.
Fifteen years' experience. — Coffee House, Powick, Worcester.

FOREMAN, or GROWER of Soft-wooded
stuff. Age 28 ; thoroughly capable. CajQ be well recom-
mended. Eleven years' experience. — T. DEAN, The Farm,
Liscard, Cheshire.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR, or MANAGER.
—Through long experience well acquainted with all
branches of Horticulture.— PHILLIP, 23, Chichester Road,
Northeud, Portsmouth.

JOURNEYMAN (Fiest), in the Houses, in a
good garden establishment. — Age 22 : eight years'
experience, two years in present place. Highly recommended"
— F. PRICE, Ewell Road, Surbitan.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses or Outside.—
Age 2u ; two years' good character from last situation. —
A. JONES, near Great Northern Station, Harpenden, Herts.

JOURNEYMAN, in good private Garden.—
Mr. Thomson. Gardener to the Duke of Grafton, Wake-
field, Stony-Stratford, Bucks, strongly recommends an experi-
enced young man. Energetic and trustworthy,

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good
establishment.— Age 25 ; eight years' experience. Can
be well recommended.— G. BAKER,* Station Road, Billings-
hurst, Sussex.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a Gentle-
man's establishment. — Age 20 ; four years' good expe-
rience. Bothy preferred.— T. LITTLE, 34. Tadema Road,
King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
three years in present situation. Good recommendation.
Bothy preferred.— S. H. SNELL, The Daison, St. Mary Church,
Torquay.

IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; six years'
general experience. — H. F., Mra. Frost, Newsagent,
Wimbledon.

''po NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN.—

J- Situation desired by Advertiser, who has had the Manage-
ment of a Nursery and Seed Business for his mother, deceased ;
has a good knowledge of Soft-wooded Propagation and the
Work of a Market Nursery; considerable experience in Wait-
ing on Customers.— J. G. COOK, Manor House, Bishopstoke.
Hants.

0 NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN. —

H. Downing. Norbury Park Gardens, near Dorking,
Surrey, will be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentle-
man a thorough hard-working Man, experienced in all branches.
Can have most excellent character. Shall be pleased to answer
any enquiries.

Hj^O NURSERYMEN and MARKET

X GROWERS.— Situation wanted by a young man (age 21)
who is used to the general work in a Nursery. Five years'
experience. Well recommended.— F. B., Carbery Cottage,
Christchurch, Hants.

'"pO GARDENERS.— Wanted by a sharp youth

-L (age 18) a situation where he can Improve. 'J'hree and
a half years' experience Inside and Out.— HEAD GARDENER,
East Hill House, Wimbledon. Surrey.

'■1^0 GARDENERS.— H. Subman, Gardener,

JL Park Wern , Skettie, Swansea, South Wales, has a Son he

''pO G

JL Wai

GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN.-

Nursery. Used to working outside, and helping in. Age 20.
Four years' good character. — F. BRIGGS, Friern Nursery, 230,
Peckham Rye, London, S.E.

'-po NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young

JL man (age 21), a situation in the Houses. Well versed in
Wreath. Cross Making, &c.— H. S., 23, Bryngwyn Terrace,
Hereford.

To Nurserymen.

B UDDER and GKAETER, &c.— Eight years
with W. Paul. Good references.— H. PIPER, Framlield,
Hawkhurst, Sussex.

ANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN. —

Wanted, by competent Seedsman, Florist, and Book-
keeper, engagement as Manager or Head Shopman. Thirteen
years' experience with leading firms in every department.
First-class references. Age 2S, married. — CORNUTA, Hillside,
Canterbury Grove, West Norwood, S.E.

To Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

BOOK-KEEPER.— Wanted, by a man of much
experience, a position as Book-keeper. Highest refer-
ences aa to ability, stability, and integrity.— J. B., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

CORRESPONDENT (Thorough), BOOK-
KEEPER, and CLERK, with practical experience of
Nursery Work ; or as JUNIOR TRAVELLER. — Age 27.
Best ref ere nces.—R. H. SMITH, 3, Garfield Street, Hawick. N.B.

''FO FLORISTS.— Wanted, a situation in a

J- good Florist Shop. Thoroughly experienced in Plants,
Cut Flowers, Wreath and Bouquet Making. Age 24. Eight
years' experience. First-class testimonials. — LOVEDAY
Woodbine. Victoria Road, Worthing.

ASSISTANT (Junior).— Age 19; three years'
experience in large Provincial Seed Establishment.
Good knowledge of Fancy Trade. Well accustomed to Counter
Work. Total abstainer.-ROSE, l,ViotoriaStreet,Nottingham

C10WMAN, to Assist in the Garden.— Age 30,
J married ; understands Pigs and Poultry. Nine years
good character. Left through death.— F. TIBBLES, 41, Gation
Road, Hampstead, N.W.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS and OINTMENT
exrrt a rapidly favourable effect in all those diseases
which are induced by exposure to damp or by great changes in
temperature. They will therefore be found eminently service-
able to those who work in iron foundries, copper mines and
collieries. These well-known remedies present manifest ad-
vantages in respect of use and effectiveness, beingentirely com-
pounded of vegetable drugs selected with the greatest care re-
gardless of price. When used in accordance With the ample
printed directions which accompany them, they act surely but
mildly, and do notinterferewith the daily work. There are but'
few diseases which are not capable of cure^or, at all ev**ntw, of '
great relief — if Holloway'a remedies are perseveringly used.

92

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 16, 1887.

BOULTON & PAUL'S
PLANT FRAMES

Are always in stock, ready to be sent off on receipt of order.
They are made of best sound red deal, sawn from the beat trees
in the forest to our own requirements, and seasoned in a proper
manner. The FRAMES are of l^inch boards, 13 inches high
at front, 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The
LIGHTS are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opea, and arranged
to turn over, back and front, for ventilating ; the whole painted
four coats. The glass is ENGLISH 21-oz. weight. PACKED
and sent CARRIAGE PAID to any station in England and
Wales, also to Dublin, Belfast, Londonderry, Cork. Glasgow,
and stations equivalent.

Cases are allowed in full when returned.

No. 74.-Plaiit Frame. All si

CASH PRICES,

Including use of Packing Cases.

Length. Width. Pi

... 8 feet by 6 feet ... £4

12 feet by 6 feet ... t

ISfeet by 6feet ... 8

,, 20 feet by 6 feet ... 9

Smaller Frames are made. See LISTS, post-free.

2-LIQHT FRAME

CATALOGUES

of Greenhouses, Heating Apparatus. Garden Frames in every
variety. Garden Implements, Water Carts, Pumps, and every-
thing required for Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, poat-free on
application.

ESTIMATES for Greenhouses free on receipt of particulars.

LADIES and GENTLEMEN waited upon by appointment
in any part of the Kingdom.

NORWICH.

STEVEN BROS & C^
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDKKI

121, BUNHIIi ROW, LOKDON, E.C.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, tree of charge, and
aend competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colotirs. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, BunhiU Row, London, E.C.

niuatrated Liste of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete SlabsforWalla, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our

perfection of growing huu-^es, and for pructicut utility, economy, aud durability cannot be equalled. We c
and that the very best.

ConBervatOli.es and Winter Gardens d.-si^ned architecturally correct without the assistance of any oe
from the smallest to the largest._ HOt-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and s

lallc

MODERATE CHARGES.

t any part of the Kingdom

Our Maxim is and always has been —

FIRST-CLASS WORK.

THE BEST MATERIALS.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION. In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &C.

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MANSIONS.
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS. HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating- Apparatus,

Juat iaaued, will be found the must complcU-, practical, uud reliable guide tu all about to build, alter, or lu-at gretuhouj^es.
Illustrationa of every description of Glaashouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for
heatiug. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2S. pOSt-free.

A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
U3 enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Survey*
made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

Editorial Oommunications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Adrertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the OIBce, 41, WeUington Street, Ckjrent Oarden, London, W.C.
Printed by WttUlM Biohards, at the Offloe of Messrs. BBXBBUBr, AONEW i Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesei, and published by the
Hid WILLU.M BI0IUI1O9, at the Offlce, 41. WelUngton Street, Pariah of 81. Paul's, Oorent Qarden, in the said County.— Saihbday, July la. 1887. Agent for Manchester— JoHH Hetw OOD.

Established

No. 24.10.

No. 30.-VOL. II. g^Z}

SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1887.

[Regt. aa a Newspaper.

rPRicE 3d.

L P08T-»EEK, 3id.

CONTENTS.

1 exhibition ...
Anthuriums, seedling ...
Botanical Magazine
Books :—

First Year of Scientific
Knowledge

Herbs of the Field, &c.
Broom-root or Mexican

Whisk

Cattleya porphyroglossa

var. punctulata
Constituents of rain

water, &c

Cxiltural memoranda ...
Dendrobium aurantia-

Edinburgh Botanic Gar-
Emigration

Florists' flowers

Foreign correspondence .
Forest conservancy in

Canada

Fruit register

Fruits under glass

Forestry

Kenmare House

Landscape gardening . . .

Leaves,

3 of

Lilium odorum

107

Lind^nia

lOH

Loodoa Boulevard Asso-

ciation

lOH

Lychnis, hybrid

100

III

Narcissus Madame de

Graaf

111

Odontoglossum crispum

Wolstenholmias

m

Orchid Album

109

„ houses

10.i

„ notes

m

Packing fruit

\m

Plants and their culture

lll.'i

Roses, new. at Edinburgh

no

IO.'l

Selaginella dendricola ...

9a

„ diminutifoha

««

Societies ;—

Aylesbury

112

Chiswick

112

Leek

ii:t

Le^isham

11. 't

Tacsonia. hybrid

107

Watering outdoor plants.

philosophy of

110

Weather and plants

100

Illustrations.

lOak

Gallo.

,, Flos-Jovis

„ hybrid

Narcissus Madame de Qraaf

Pear saw-fly

Pine beetle

Plan of a garden

Tacsonia, nybrid

Kow ready, in clotb, lis. 6d.

rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the" Gardeners' Chronicle" from Jarmary 1
of this year are still to be had.

CCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL

ANNUAL MEETING and EXCURSION.— It is imperative
that Members who intend to join the Excursion to Balmoral on
the 28th and 29th inst., GIVE NOTICE IMMEDIATELY to

5. St. Andrew Squi

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

ASSOCIATION
The EIGHTH GRAND SUMMER EXHIBITION of PLANTS,
FLOWERS. FRUIT, and VEGETABLES, will be held in Sefton
Park, on SATURDAY, July 30, and Bank Holiday, AUGUST 1.
Entries Close July 23. Schedules of Prizes can be had on appli-
cation to

ABBEY PARK, LEICESTER.—
A GRAND FLOWER SHOW and GALA will be held
on TUESDAY, August 2, 1887, under the patronage of the
Mayor and Corporation. Liberal Prizes, including the Veitch
Memorial Medal and £5 for 1st Prize Collection of Fruit,
8 dishes (Pines excluded); 2nd Prize, £3; 3rd Prize, ti;
4th Prize, £1. Schedules, &c., can be had from

Mr. JOHN BURNS, Secretary and Curator.

MATLOCK BATH HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY'.
The SIXTEENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION. SATURDAY,
August 13. £1S, £10, £6, for Group of Miscellaneous Plants,
arranged for effect (250 feet). £2, £1, 10s., 8 dishes Fruit.
£2, £1, IDs., 4 bunches Grapes ; £hbs. for other Grapes; and
other good Prizes in open class. For Schedules apply,

A. CLAKK, Matlock Bath.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
OF ABERDEEN.
GRAND SHOW of FLOWERS, FRUIT, and VEGETABLES,
in Duthie Park, on JULY 29 and 30. SPECIAL JUBILEE
MONEY PRIZES. Schedules from . jj gyR^S Sec

74, Union Street, Aberdeen. " ' ' '

ADIANTUM CUNEATUM —

ADLANTUM CUNEATUM.
500 Plants in 48's, large enough for 24'8, to be sold a bargain
for cash.
White House Nursery, I'ltrk Lane, Tottenham.

Fema-FemB-Fems.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS," LONDON.

PRIMULAS, Double White, fine plants, 40«.
per 100. BOUVARDIAS, in eight best sorts, good, 303. per
100. TREE CARNATIONS, good bushy stnlf, of A. Aleja-
tiSre (scarlet) and Miss Joliffe (best pink), 30s. per 100.
W. JACKSON. Blaki'dowii. near Kidderminster.

Camellias, Azaleas, Bhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

Sec. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent. Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Meisrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savag« Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London, E.G.

New Roses in Pots.

LIST of the most select sorts now ready,

Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of best sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality,
SAMPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in5-inch pots, carefully

packed for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 15s.
HALF a DOZEN ditto, on receipt of 8s.
EWING AND CO.,
Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hampshire.

ORCHIDS. — A Clergyman in the Khassiah
Hills. Assam, can send DENDROBIUMS, CYPRIPEDI-
UMS, C(ELOGYNES, VANDA COCRULEA, &c., at reasonable
rates.— Address, The CHAPLAIN. ShiUong, Assam, India.

Primula diinenae, 11. albo-pleno.

DOUBLE WHITE P R I M U L A.—
From small pots, 30i'. pfr 100; from pans, pricked off,
well-rooted cuttings, 20s. Free to any railway station in the
United Kingdom. Good arrival guaranteed. Price for larger
quantities on application.

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

PEACHES 1 NECTARINES I GRAPES I &c.
— Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and
well packedfruitof above.— WISE AND BIDES, Covent Garden.

SQUELCH AND BARN HAM,
North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Chequesweekly, or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NrRSKBYMKS, Sidcup, and 286, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market. Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxesand Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address-" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

w

ANTED, ASPIDISTRAS,

in quantity, for cash. Apply,
RICHD. A. YATES, Brookland's Hotel, Sale, Manchester.

WANTED, Large PALMS, TREE FERNS,
and other large ORNAMENTAL POLIAGED PLANTS,
in EXCHANGE for ORCHIDS or OTHER PLANTS. Send full
particulars to

The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston,
Liverpool.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, &c.

WHOLESALE TRADE CATALOGUE
now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on appli-
cation. Low prices. First-class bulbg.

B. J. LOMANS, Bulb Grower, Haarlem.

E

AST LOTHIAN STOCK,

for present sowing. Very superior strain. Scotch

saved. Crimson, Purple, Scarlet, and W^hite.

Crimson and White Wallflower-leaved, Is., 2s. 6(^, and 5s. pkt.

IRELAND AND THOMSON, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

INEST LILY OF THE VALLEY

CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustav A. fciultz,
Berlin. For price write to

JACOB AND VALENTIN. 66. Cheapside. London, E.C.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for lai
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

Fancy and Show Pansles and Violas.

JOHN DOWNIE (late of the Firm of Downie
it Laird) invites inspection of his magnificent collet-tiou
of the above at his Beechill Nursery, Murrayfield, Edinburgh.
Quality only grown.

K

ELWAY AND SON.

KELWAY-S "MODEL" CALCEOLARIA.
KELWAY'S "MODEL" CINERARIA.
Price of Seed on application.
Langport, Somerset.

A Few Large Healtby

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chameerops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.—
Eighteenth year of distribution. Williams' Superb
Strain, Is. id. per dozen ; IDs. per 100. CINERASLIS, same
price. Package and carriage free. Volonte Nationale alba,
the best winter white PELARGONIUM, strong rooted plants,
Is. each.

JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Tillies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 26, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

Begonias a Specialty.

LAING'S BEGONIAS.— Awarded the Jubilee
Gold Medal at Manchester, and two Gold Medals by the
Royal Horticultural Society previously, also 26 First-class
Certificates this season, to our novelties, being evidence of
quality. Descriptive Price LIST free on application.
JOHN LAING AND CO., The Nurseri«s. Forest Hill, S.E.

PRIMULA, Double White, 55. per dozen,
35s. per 100.
Price for quantities on application.
Terms, Cash witli Order.
TAYLOK AND CO., Nurserymen, Timperley, Cheshire.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

STRAVi'BERRIES for Forcing.— W. Lovel
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sampleof plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, 3rf.— W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

Important Notice.

To Florists, Seedsmen, Horticultural Builders, &c.
Plants, Flowers. Fruits and Vegetables a Specialty.

WM. J. WELCH begs to call particular
attention to his productions for
ILLUSTRATING BOOKS, ALVGAZINES, CATALOGUES,
and for ADVERTISING PURPOSES.
For Specimens see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1883 to 18S6.
Addbess :— 25, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C,

94

THE GABDENER8' CIIBONIGLE.

■ [3-01.1 23, 1^7.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Tuesday Next.

ORCHIDS IN FLOWER.— SPECIAL SALE-

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and
63, Cheapside, London, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT. July 26,
at half-pa.st 12 o'Clock precisely, about 300 lot3 of ORCHIDS
in Flower, forming together a very line collection, including
the following :^
Cypripediura Schroder!
,, Fairreanum
,, cardinale
„ Veitchii
Ooelogyne Masaangeana
C^ittleya Gaskelliana, grand
specimen, 3 feet across
„ Trianoe, specimen, forty
bulbj
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogi

Maadevallia racemosa Crossii

Mormodes lusatum Dormauia-
num, First-claaa Certiftnate,
Royal Horticultural Society

Odontoglo33um species

Dendrobium uobila nobilius,

Lteliaelegans, fine plant, show
shad.

Friday Next.

ODONTOGLUSSUM HARRYANUM.
ONCIDIUM POLLETTIANUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION at
their Ceutral Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.G., on
FRIDAY NEXT, July 29. at Half-past 12 o'clock precisely,

A quantity of this magnificent NEW ORCHID will be
offered, and may now be considered safe, having arrived some
weeks since, are breaking well. Its blossoms are large, and the
•olouriug indescribably rich and beautiful, it is evidently a free
grower, having handsome arching foliage, with extremely
diverse pseudo Dulb.i from which abundant variation and quite
new forms may be expected. It is one of the grandest intro-
ductionsof thecentury. Describedintbe Gardtners' Chronicle^
October 14, 1886, p. 486.

At the same time will be offered a tine healthy plant of the
OI^CEDIUM POLLETTIANUM, in bloom. It is extremely
rdr«, one other plant only existing in this country.

The sale will include a tine lot of SOPHRONITIS GRANDI-
FLORA, SOPHRONITIS CERNUA, ONCIDIUM LIMMING-
HII, CYRTOPODIUM species, EPIDENDRUM species, CATT-
LEYA VELUTLVA, sound healthy pieces of CtELOOYNE
SANDERIANA, ONCIDIUM CUCULLATUM MACRO-
CHLLUM, and many other ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

CATTLEYA SUi'ERliA SPLENDENS (true).
A •onsigumeut from Rio Brauco, and the Tcry iinest form in

OATTLEYA WALLISII and ELDORADO SPLENDENS.
From the Orinoco River.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on
MONDAY NEXT, July 29, at half-past 12 oX'lock precisely,

The above splendid CATTLEYAS just to hand per
SB Sobraense, in most excellent condition, CATTLEYA
SUPERBA SPLENDENS must not be confounded with the
•ommon superba from Demerara, from which it totally differs ;
ita flowers are much larger, and of a deeper and far more
brilliant hue. It is one of the veryliest of the whole genus,
and a most striking and grand Cattleya. It is of easier growth
and more tloriferous than th« common superba ; very few plants-
of this handsome form exist in collections. Cattleya Eldorado
splcndeiis is extremely rare in its native habitat, and is- a
very beautiful species; the whole flower is large and of fine
ahape; sepals and petals, rose; Up, deep golden-yellow; lower
part from deep rose to darkest purple.

The Sale will include other valuable ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutcb Bulbs.

IMPORTANT to the TRADE.

TITESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

ITA desire to notify that thev have now arranged to conduct

their usual SAXES of D UTCH BULBS during the coming season.

The first six Sales (as in former years), will consist of lots

spMially made up to suit the Trade and other Large Buyers.

Central Auction Itooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Thursday Next,— (Sale No. 7450.)

VALUABLE IMPORTED OKCHIDS.
CATTLEYA LOBATA.
CATTLEYA DOVVIANA.
CATTLEYA MOSSLS:.

MR, J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 28, at half-past
13 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sunder, a splendid
importation of CA L'TLEYA LOBATA, just received from the
Brazils in excellent order and condition, with sound dormant
eyes ; a tine healthy lot of C. DOWLANA— plants of this rare
and beautiful Orchid are now very scarce in its native habitat.
A large and healthy importation of C. MOSSLE will also be
offered, collected in the best district, from whence come the
finest varieties. At the same time will be offered ONCIDIUM
BARCODES, in extra condition; CATTLEYA SKINNERI,
ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM. ODONTOGLOSSUM PUL-
CHELLUM MAJUS. ONCLUIUM VARICOSUM ROGERSII,
STANHOPEA SPECIES, ONCIDIUM CHISPUM, O, PAPI-
LIO MAJUS, and many other OHCHLDS.

On view the morning of Sale, and Oatalogues had.

Herefordshire, near to Malvern.

To GENTLEMEN FRUIT GKOWERS, GAKUENEBS,
and Others.
" RIDQWAY HOUSE " and other FREEHOLD PROPERTY in
tlie Parish of Cradley, near to Malvern, being about 6 miles
from Malvern, 5 from Colwall, 6 from Bromyard, and 10
from Worcester.

MESSRS. GATES, PERRENS, and WOOLU-
RIDGE are favoured with instructions (unless previously
disposed of by Private Treaty) to SELL by AUCTION, by order
of the mortgagee of the late Mrs. Yapp, at the Mart, Pierpoint
Street, Worcester, on WEDNESDAY, August 3, 1887, at 4 for 5
o'clock, subject to conditions, the following valuable FREE-
HOLD PROPERTIES, viz.:—

Lot I.— "RIDGWAY HOUSE," with Gardens, Hothouses,
Cottage, Orchard, Outbuildings, and Appurtenances, situate
on the road from Worcester to Hereford, and comprising an
area of 2 acres and 20 perches, in the occupation of Mr. J. W.
WeUb. The House stands amidst charming scenery, command-
ing aplendid views of the Malvern Range, and comprises 2
Reception Rooms, 6 Bedrooms, and suitable Domestic Offices.
The Hothouses consist of a large Peach House, 150 by 30 feet,
with span roof ; Fig House, 33 feet 9 inches by 15 feet 6 inches ;
long range of Vineries, 150 by 18 feet, in three divisions; small
CoB»ervatory ; Peach Hou.se, adjoining the back of the Dwelling
House ; 3 Forcing Pit-j, 48 ft. 6 in. by 8 ft., and 19 by lu feet
respectively, and used for Toraatos; Tomato House, 83ft. 6 in.
by 13 ft. 6 in., and a large Workshop with glass roof, used for
growing Peaches. The whole of the Hothouses and Pits are of
recent erection, in good order, and are heated with a complete
system of Hotwater Apparatus, provided with Boilers in dupli-
cate and stack. The Soil of this locality has been proved to be
especially adapted for the Growing of Grapes and Stone Fruit,
and the fruit from the houses on this lot has in recent years
been amongst the linest tiiat has been sent to the London and
other markets. The Vines, Peaches, Figs, and Tomatos have
all been very carefully trained by the present tenant, and there
is an abundant show of fruit. The Kitchen Garden is well
stocked with all sorts of Vegetables and Fruit Trees. There is
also a CottageandsmallPaadockadjoiningthe Kitchen Garden,
and on the opposite side of the road are Coach House and
Stabling. Cow Sheds, Lime House, Barn, and other Out-
buildings ; also a small Orchard.

Lot 2.— a 4-room COTTAGE, with Bakehouse, also a large
Garden and Field of Meadow Land and Orchard, comprising in
all an area of h acres and 21 perches, situate near the road from
Worcester to Hereford, near Lot 1, and let to Mr. Griffiths at a
rent of £18 per annum. This Land would make grand Straw-
berry Beds.

For particulars and further information apply to Messrs.
CORSER A>-D WALKER. Solicitors, Stourbridge ; or the Am-tio-
neer^. Angel Place, Worcester; also StoarbrJ-lL'.- :ni^l Dmitwith.

Hanwell

FREEHOLD DETACHED RESIDENCE, with large Garden
and eittenaive Range of Glasshouses. — To Nurserymen,
Florists, and Others. — With posseshioo.

MR. W. A. BLAKEMORE will SELL by
AUCTION, at the " Duke of York " Hotel, Hanwell, ou
THURSDAY, Augast 1, at B tor 7 o'clock, tlie FREEHOLD
detached RESIDENCE, Floral Villa, Boston Road, containing
12 Rooms, &c., large Garden in the rear (small part leasehold),
and Ranges of Glasshouses and Forcing Pita.

May be viewed, and particulars and plans had of E. DRAPER,
Esil.,.Solicitor,.1. Vincent Square, Westminster; at the placo
of Sala; and of thti Auctioni-er, 31, Salisbury Street, Strand.

WE HAVE DlSruSED of our SEEH
BUSINESS to Messrs. J. T. To.MfKIss & Co., and we
now thank our numerous patrons for the support given us.
F. S.\NDER AND CO., Orchid Importers and Growers, St. Albans.

FOR SALE, in consequence of Mr. Imrie's
death, the old-established and well-lnown NURSERY
BUSINESS so successfully carried on for upwards of sixty
years at Ayr. The Grounds extend to about 40 Acres, adjoin-
ing the Railway Station, and are well stocked with saleable
Trees and Shrubs. Further particulars on application to
IMRIE iXD COMi'ANY. The Nurseries, Ayr, N.B.

A Bargain.

TO BE SOLD, in one lot, as a going concern,
within 5J miles of Manchester, a small NURSERY, four
Plant Houses and Fernery, well heated ; stock ; together with
Stable, Horse, and Cart. Good Jobbing Business attached.
Owner accepted a position in America, will be sold for £120
cash if taken at once.

Apply, 77, Grosvenor Street, Ashtou-uuder-Lyne.

f'OR SALE, a good established SEED and
NURSERY BUSINESS in Yorkshire. There is a larje
and profitable Farm and Market Garden Seed Business done,
M well as a Branch Shop at Scarborough. To a practical
business man with capital this is a rare opportunity. If not
Disposed of, a suitable PARTNER may be taken.

For full particulars, &c., address, S., Messrs. Hurst & Son,
Houndsditch, London. E.C; or to BLACK AND DUQGLEBY,
Malton.

To Cut Flower and Fruit Growers and Nurserymen.
'■PU BE Sold ui- let, a capital BUSINESS,
-JL in the best part uf the .Midlands, (iood House and Out-
buildings, 3^ acres of Land, and about 6000 feet of Glasshouses,
all fully stocked and in full profit — a really good opening for a
man with moderate capital. — Apply to B., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Kent, near Railway Station.

TO BE LET, or SOLD, a small NURSERY,
about 10 miles from London.
C.E.B., Gai-rfCTcrs'MronidcOlBce, ■U.W..llinKtouStreet,W.C.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

TO LET, at Michaelmas next, abuut 13§ acres
of LAND, at Pliiislow, situated lu tli.- Prince Regent's
Lane, and close to the Barking Road. For particulars apply to
Messrs. CHILTON, 9. Whitehall Place. S.W.

To Florists, &c.

TO LET, 7, 14, or 21 years, a compact and
profitable NURSERY BUSINESS. Old established.
Quantity of Glass. Seven miles Covent Garden. Four Cot-
tages. Very low rent. Main road. Exceptional circum-
stances. £60 only required. Immediate possession.
R. BIGGS, The Nurseries, Lewisham, S.E.

LORIST and FRUITERER, one of the finest

I^iositions ever met with — near railway station and iu main
road. This is gi'Tiuin.-, and uiily wants seeing. Leaving only
through ill-healtli. i:,."i.i Iimiiicss.

;ui, Mnvv Slrcet, Hackney, E.

THE NURSERY AND SEED TRADE

ASSOCIATION (Limited).

RATING OF NURSERIES.

AT a MEETING of NURSERYMEN and
MAKKET GARDENERS held on June 28, 1887, at the
Horticultural Club, London, it was decided to take such steps
as might be necessary for the purpose of obtaining a reduction
in the amounts at which Nurseries and Market Gardens are
assessed, and also of obtaining a basis on which such as.sess-
ments should be made. A Committee was formed for the
purpose of carrying this into effect, and a Guarantee Fund was
started to meet the necessary expenses. The Committee at
present consist of Mr. Beer (Worthing), Mr. Bennett (Shep-
perton), Mr. Bunyard (Maidstone), Mr. Daniels (Daniela
Brothers, Norwich), Mr. Hatnes (Penge), Mr. HORSMIU
(Bradford). Mi. Lowe (Uxbridge). Mr. Pearson (Chilwell),
Mr. Shaumah (Carter & Co., London), Mr. Veitch (Veitch
& Sons, Chelsea), Mr. J. Wood Isgbam (Huntingdon), and
H. Turner (Slough). Gentlemen who are willing to join the
Committee or to Subscribe to the Guarantee Fund (such
guarantee not to exceed £10) will please communicate with the
Secretary, .Mr. F. C. GOODCHILD, 25, Old Jewry, London, E.C.

EAT, LOAM, SAND, &o.— Splendid Brown

Fibrous PEAT (full of fibre), 9s. per yard ; Yellow Fibrou>
LOAM (best in England), 10s. per ton ; SILVER SAND (coarse
and fine), 10s. per ton. Each in truckloads. COCOA-NUT
FIBRE REFUSE, 20s. per large truckload. Send for List.
BRENKWOKTH and SONS. Reading.

T?RUIT for SALE.— ORCHARD over 2 acres :

X APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, Morcllo CHERRIES, and
WALNUTS— all best kinds ; ID miles from City.

Address ORCHARD, at Horncastlc's. Cheapside. E.C.

C A R T E R S'

BRILLIANT PRIZE QINERARIA.

Silver Medal Royal Botanic

Bank^ian Medal. Royal

Horticultural Society...

Extra and St-cund Prize,

■rystal I'ula.

Large Bronze Medal, Royal

Botanic Society 1884

Banksian Medal, Royal

Horticultural Society ... 1884
Banksian Medal, Royal

Horticultural Society ... 1885

LarpeBron/.e Medal, Ro^-al Botanic Society 1885

FINK.ST MlXKl) SKED, containing Every Shade of Colour.

Price Is. 6d., 2a. 6d., 3s. 6d. & 5s. pkt., post-free.

Que

' H.R.H. THE

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

<;AMUEL SHEPFKRSON, Florist, Prospect

0 House, Belper, Derbyshire, begs to offer the following, of
which he makes a Specialty : —

PRLMULAS — PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS. — Grand Premier
Prize and Covent Garden strains of the linest new colours, as
Pure White, Carmine, Rose, Salmon, Crimson, &c. Fine large
truwea and beautifully fringed flowers ; strong pIant.->, to bloom
well, ls.3rf. perdoz; extra strong, li. 6rf. ; 95. per 100. All free.

CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS. — Bull's
celebrated prize etrain, dwarf, compact habit and most
brilliant colours ; cannot possibly be excelled. Good plants.
Is. .3d per dozen; extra strong. Is. 6d. ; 9s. per 100. All free.

CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN. — Same grand
atrain and from the same celebrated growers that I have sent
out for the last twenty yeara, but with all the latest improve-
ments in colour, size, form, and habit. I year old plants, Is.Gd.
per dozen; extra strong, 2s. ; lOs. pirlOO. All carriage free.
SAMUEL SHKPPKRNON, Florist, Pro^poct House, Belper.

Sow Now for Early Flowering in Spring.

R()KMKU\S SUrEUlJ i'la/K I'ANSIES.
l-:^ The finest strain of Pansie.s iu the world. ^
CATALOGUE gratis and post-free on application.
FRIEDR. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany.

A LADY, having no further use for a Stove,
wishes to DISPOSE OF the undermentioned SPECIMEN
PLANTS;— 1 Clerodendron splendens, 1 Allamanda Hender-
soni, 1 Dipladenia boliviensis, 1 Jasminum gracilHmum,

1 Asparagus plumosus nanus, 8 Clerodendron Balfourii, 1 Me-
diuilla niagnifica, 3 Stephanotis floribunda, 3 Pandanus
VeiU-hii, 3 Hymenocallis macrostephana, 3 Cocos Weddelliana,
I Cissus discolor, 3 Pancratium fragrans, 2 Ardisia crenulata,
1 Gymnogramma Alstoni, 1 G. peruvianum, 1 Ixora Colei,
60 Caladiums, named, including several new varieties. Also
small plants of Crotons, Dracaenas, and Plumbago coceinea
superba. -Full particulars can be had by ajiplyiug to GAR-
DENER, Ospringe House. Faversham, Kent.

"HARTLAND'S" Irish Grown DAFFODILS.

CORK, IRELAND.

"Bulbs and Lists now ready. Wholesale and Retail CUfers.

GRAND BULBS of "GIANT IRISH PRINCEPS."

for Forcing. Grown on miiiden loam.

SUTTON'SSEEDS

GENUINE ONiy DIRECT FROM READING.

July 25, 1887.]

THE OARDENEBS' Off RON I CLE.

95

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

FIFTH LIST. — Donations and Subscriptions already/ Promised or Sent.

Lessels, J., Grdnr., Aqualate Hall, Newport, Salop
Lanatlell, J., Gardener, Barkby Hall, Leicester ...
Lancaster, A., Gardener, Holkhom Hall. Norfolk...
Little, J., The Lodge. Haymau's Corner, West

Derby, Liverpool

Lee, J., Gardener, Clifton Castle, Bedale

Lees, J., Gardener, Glen Grant, Rothes, Morayshire
Lye, It., Gardener, Sydmonton Court. Newbury ...
Lindsay, H., Gardener, Huutroydo Park, Burnley
Legs. J-. Gardener, Walton House, Warwick

Lynch, R. J., Botanic Garden, Cambridge

Leslie. J.. Gardener, Pitcnllen House, Perth

Lane, J., Seedsman, Palgrave, near Diss

Manning, R., Gardener, Old Manor House, Acton
Matthews, J., Gardener, Burford, Tenbury
Morris, D., Gardener, Acacia Park, Long Cross,

Chertsey

Melville, D., Grdnr.. Dunrobin Castle. Golspie, N.B
Mcintosh, D. W., The Gardens, Glencomiac. Bray

Wicklow

Mcintosh, A. C, Gardener, Glencormack, Bray,

Wicklow

Mulyneujc. E., Gardener, Swanmoro Park, Bishop's

Waltham

Marehant. W.. Gardener, Cliff House, Sandgate ...
Moffatt. J.. Gardener, Nuttield Priory. Redhill ...
Mackenzie, W. A., Gardener, Dindeii House, Wells
Morgan, C, Gardener, Oak Lawn, Weybride
McAdam, W., Grdnr., Aucheu Castle, Motfatt.N.B
Moore. F.. Gardener. Blandon Hall. Beiley
McKelvie, J.. Gardener, Leadenliam, Grantham ..
McDonald.D., Gardener, The Grange, Totteridge,N
McNave. J., Gardener, Ham Hall, Ashbourne,
Murray, G., Grdnr., West Ashby Manor, Horucastlt
Myatt, J.. Grdnr., Barlaaton Hali, Stoke-on-Trent

McAustin. D., Brodrick Castle. Buteshire

Maltby, J., Gardener, Denton Manor, Grantham ...
Miles, J., 8, Dudley Villas, PortswooJ Road, South-
ampton

McKenzie, T., Gardener, Ballechin, Ballinling.

Perth. N.B

Mansfield, G., Gardener, Fairchild, Warlingham,

McKay, A., Gardener, Luckuam, Chippenham ...

Maynard, G. C, Gardener, Cole Orton Hall, Ashby-
de-la-Zouch

Merritt, J., Gardener, Watersfield Towers, Pul-
borough

Mitchell. H., Gardener, Aberaman Park, Aberdare

Mackenzie, D.. Gardener, C'harboro' Park, Ware-
ham. Dorset

Martin, T. H., Gardener, Eastbury Park, Blandford

Milford, G., Gardener, Egerton Lodge, Melton
Mowbray ...

Maeers, J., Gardener, Marazion, Cornwall

Martin, G.. Gardener, Stockwood Park, Luton ..

McVinish, A., Gardener. Lockiugton Hall, Derby

McNichol. J. H., Gardener. North Mymms Park
Hatfield

Merritt, G., Gardener, Kempton Hoo, Welwyn ..

-»,_.., ,.. ^, . .. , , Sandriugham, King'!

, W., The Garden

Morley, G., Gardener, Tranby Croft, Hull

May, J., 7. Grosvenor Terrace, Cbiswick

McLean, D., Gardener, Government House, Isle of

Milne. J., Gardener, Haselbeck, Northampton
Matheson, D., Gardener, Meiklour House, Perth ..
Middletou, R., Gardener, Exbury House, Exbury,

Southampton ...

VIethven, A., Gardener, Pilaw House, Chester-le-

Street

^leadow, L. M., Tlie ChStelet, Horley, Surrey
Hann, W., The Close, Charlbury, Oxfordshire ...
viouland. F., The Tower Lodge. Belvedere Park

Kent

Jortimer, Mrs., W
vfacpherson, D., Li

-Iclndoe. J., Hutton HaU. Guisboro'

lartin, W.. 26, Merthyr Terrace, Castlevan.

Barnes, Surrey

laher, R., Gardener. Yattendon Court, Newbury
IcCuUum, J., Gardener, Knotley Hall, Leigh.

Tunbridge
fewcomb, J., Gardener, Hatch Park, Taunton \\.

(ewtou. J , Gardener, Inner Temple, E.C

fixon, G., Gardener. Easton Hall, Grantham ...
feve, E., Grdnr., Binley Priory, Great Stanmore
Ucol, J., Gardener, Hornby Castle, Bedale...
lelbams, Thomas G., 1, Willow Cottages, Cbiswick
'sborne, T.,,Grdnr., Wilton House, Southampton
'dell, J. W., Gardener, Barrow Point, Pinner
Tchard, C, Gardener, Coombe Ridge, KingstonL'
aimer. E., Gardener. Hagley Hall, Stourbridge...
riuce. R.. Grdnr.. Bladon House, Burton-on-Trent
enfold,T.N.,Grdr..BeddingtonHou.^e.Beddington
epper, W.. Gardener. Tewin Water, Welwyn ...
ratt, S., Grdnr., Waverley Abbey, Earnham, Surrey
arrott, H. J.. Gardener, Swift House, Bicester ...
entqn, J., Gardener, Gratley, Andover ...
owell. D. C. Grdnr.. Powderham Castle, Exeter .
hillips. B., Ladgrove. NewBamet ... "...
etttgrew. A., Garener, Cardiff Castle, Cardiff
■inder, A., The Abbey Gardens.^Kensington. W..."
iorter. A.. Gardener, Woodlawn, Co. Galway
liDson.J., Grdnr., Willey Park, Brosele, Shropshire

Picker, G., Gardener, Branston Hall. Lincoln
Penfold, C. Gardener, Leigh Park, Havant
Palmer, W., The Gardens, SaudrinKham Hall

King's Lynn

Parks, W.. Fernside, Bickley

Phipps, W., Gardener, Bowood, Calne

Prince, F., Gardener, Dartrey. Co. Monnghan
Powell, J., Gardener, Ilsington House, Dorchester
Pilcher, H. W., Gardener, AUbury House, Surbitou

Hill Road. Kingston-on-Thames

Porter. F., The Gardens. Tranby Croft, Hull
Portnell. T., Gardener, Beaufort Park, Haati-ngs.
Perry, F., Gardener. Pen Pole, Shirehampton
Pinnington, R., Gardener, Blacklow House, Boby,

Liverpool

Parish, H., Gardener, Thome's House, Wakefield ...
Roberts, C, Gardener, Highfield Hall. Leek
Rand. W. H., Grdnr.. Coombe Cliffe House, Croydon
Rennie, J., Gardener, Cahir Park, Co. Tipperary...
Rampton, S., Grdnr,. Redenham Gardens, Andover

Roche, A.. Gardener, Cossy Hall, Norwich

Roberta. W,, Gardener, Lewyngwern Hall, Pant-

perthog

Rogers, T,, Gardener; Frimley Park, Farnborougli

Station. Hants

Richards, G. H., Grdnr,, Sowerby Park, Ringwood

Rowland, H.. Selsfield, East Grinstead

Roberts, J,, Gardener, Tan-y-Bwlch. Merioneth ,.,
Rushton, W., Grdnr., Clerwood; Corstorphine, N.i3.
Robinson,W.,Grdr.,Ramp.sbeck.Ull8water, Penrith
Russell. J.. Grdnr., Kirkby Hall. Hinckley, Leicester
Rose. H., Gardener, Grangemuir. Pittenweem.Fifc
Reid, W., Gardener, Cortachy Castle, Kirriemuir,

Forfar

Russell, F,, Gardener, Woodlands, Fairwile, Cob

Reynolds, J., Gardener, Netley Castle, Netlej

Abbey. Southampton

Riches, M., Gardener, Boyland Hnll, Long Swat-
ton, Norfolk

Rowls, G., Gardener, Mickleham Downs, Dorking
Rafferty, Gardener, Castleforbes, Newtonforbes,

Co. Longford

Read, A., Gardener, Grittleton House, Chippenham
Raffiel, C„ Gardener, Lo%v Hill, Buahbury, Wolv

hampton

Russell, J., Gardener, Poltalloch, Lochgilphead,

Argyle

Ross, H., Grdnr., Dalrhouzie, Comrie. Crieff, Perth
Real, O., Gardener, Shotesham Park. Norwich
Southgate, H., The Gardens, Thorpe Perrow, Bedale
Sedgwick, S., The Gardens, Thorpe Perrow, Bedale
Scott. R., Grdnr., Moofield, Manuingham, Bradford
Sraythe, W., Gardener, Basing Park, Alton
Stagg, C.. Gardener. Woodhurst, Crawley..,
Swift. H., Gardener. Balrath Bury. Kells. Co. Meath
Shingles, T., Gardener, Tortworth House. Gloucester
Smith, D,,Grd,.SaltonHall,Pencaitland,E.Lothiai
Spottiswood, J,. Gardener, Queen's Park, Brightoi
Staple, G., Gardener. Glapwell, Chesterfield
Smith, C, Gardener, Upton House. Tetbury
Stanton. W., Grdnr. to Henry Smith, Esq.. Chiawicl
Swannick, J., Gardener, Sherwood Lodge, Notts...
Smith, B.. The Gard^^ns. Highfield Hall. Leek .,
Sail, A., The Gardens, Highfield Hall, Leek
Speed, W., Gardener, Penrhyn Castle. Bangor ..
Spriggs, T. O., Grdnr., Dunbar House. Teddingto]
Swallow. G., War Office, Bamford, Rochdale
Smith. T., Gardener, Papworth Hnll, St. Ives ..
Seward, J. R,, Gardener, HawksfoUl. Haslemere..

Summers. S., R,H,S. Gardens, Cliiswick

Sendall. J. G.. Grdnr.. Brundall. Btofield. Norfolk
Sully, C, Gardener. Fairfield. Bridgewater
Stewar, J., Grdnr., Langford Park. Mnldon. Essex
Skiach, N. C, Molhince, Castle Douglas, N.B. ...
Stroms, W., Grdnr., Walton Grange. Stone, Staffs.

Sheppard, W., Birkfield, Ipswich

Selfe, T.. Russell Mill, Market Lavington

Saunderson, J,. Gardener, Bodnaut Hall, Egylws-

bach, Denbigh

Sage, G.. Gardener, Belton, Grantham .^.•' i,.
Swanborough, W. H., Grdnr., Doneraile. Co. Cork

Sandford, E., Gardener. Dale Park. Arundel " '

Salter. C. J., Gardener. Selborne, Streafh;im
Sawford, R. F., Gardener, Dauesbury, Welwyn ...
Seers, F. W., Grdnr., OEfchurch, Bury, Leamington
Sutton. W., Gardener. Ashley Park, Walton-on-

Thaffies

Sutton, W., Gardener, Pain's Hill. Cobham
Stephens, H,, Gardenar, Lyne Ruspcr, Horsham...
Spillaker, J., Gardener, Launde Abbey; Lf cesber .
Simmons, J.. Carclew. Perranarworthal, Cornwall
Seaton, T., Gardener, AntrimCiistle, Arilrioi' ...
Shoesmith, H., QftrdeneV, Saltwood, Hythe ' •,,;
Strand, R., Gardener, Dune Hill, Canterbury \,'.
Shaw, S. S., Grdnr.. The Rookery. Royston. Cambs.
Smale, H., Gardener. Ringwood, Chesterfird
Smith, E., Gardener, Rockville, Waterloo. Cosham,

Hants „ -i

Stevens, R., Grdnr., Cecil Lodge, Attbots Langley,

Herts -...

Squires. W., The Gardens. Warren ^y^O"^* Hatfield
Shute, J., The Gardens, PalmerstoWii. Straffan ,,.
Stevens, R., Gardener. Cecil Lodge, Abbots Langley
Sheddick, J. C, The Gardens, 'ftauby Croft, Hull
Tegg. J., Gardener, Bearwood, Wokingham

Thorns, J,, Grdnr., West Grinstead Park,Horsfii
Tait, J,. Gardener, Dovenby Hall, Cockermouth
Thornhill, W,, Gardener, Bignell, Bicester
Tapping. C, Gardener. Gunnersbury Lodge, Acton
Taylor, E. G., Grdnr., Granbury Park, Winchester

Taylor, A.. Broom Hill. West Hartlepool

Turton, T., Gardener, The Gardens, Maiden Erlegh,

King-

Thorne, P., Ashgrove,.SeTenoaks

Tavemer, J., Gardener, Woolmer, Liphook
Tolley, C, Gardener, Cowley Manor, Cheltenham
Turner, T. P., Rivercourt Nursery, Hammersmill
Taylor. S, , Grdnr., Loughcrew, Oldcastle. Co. Meath
Thompson, R., Grdnr.. Garvald, DolphintoD. N.B
Trevor. J. S., Gardener, Bryngwyn, Bwlch-y-

ciban, Montgomeryshire ... ,,,

Thorne, F. J,, Gardei er, Suuningdale Park, Sun-

Dingdale
Turner, J., Gardener, Courtown. Gorey, Ireland,..
Terry, J., Gardener, Sandhills, Bletchinj^;
Timms. J.. Gardener, King's End. Bicesto.
Thomson. W. P., 3, Betgrave Terrace, Ch; ' '
Thomas. R., The Gardens, Sandringhat

Tidy, W., Grdnr., Stanmore Hill, Great Stanmore
Throssell, J., Gardener, Old Chilwell, Notts

Tayler.W., Edenside, Kelso

Timson, J.. New Sowerby, Grantham, Lincoln ..
Umpleby, J., Gardener, Bolnore. Hayward's Heatli
Underwood, G. W., Grdnr., High Firs. Harpendet
Upton, C, The Gardens, Castle Upton, Tempi-
Patrick, Ireland

Vine, J. W., Gardener, Oak Park, Tralee, Kerry..
Valentine, G. W., Gardener, Bell Hall. Stourbridge
Vickery. H,, Gardener, Huntsmoor Park, '

Vallance, J. H., Gardener, Redland Lodge, Bristol

Vallance, G, D., Gardener, Tresco Abbey, Isles ol
Scilly

Watford. J,, Gardener. Mountford House Gardens,
Su nbu ry

Woodton, J., Gardener, Redgrave Hall, Boteadale
Diss

Wise. W., Gardener, Arlington Court. Bamstapl.

Waggstaffe, T.. Gardener, Amberley Court. Nails
worth, Gloucestershire

Waterworth. A,, Gardener. Irwell Bank. Eccles ..

Woodgate. G., Gardener, Warren House, Coombt
Wood, Kingston

Whalley, W., Gardener, Addiugton Park, Croydon

Wiles, E. S., Gardener. Edgcote, Banbury

Williams, W., Gardener, Stratheam House, Lea-
mington ,

Ward, H. W., Gardener. Longford Castle, Salisbi ry

Gardener. Devonhurst, Chii

Gardener, Henwick Grange,

Wright
Webbei .

Worcester

Ward, E., Gardener, Hewell, Bromsgrovc

West, R.. Gardener, Northlands, Salisbury
Webster, W., Gardener, Kenyon Hall. Manchostet
West. A. M., Gardener. Hoathly Hill. Wesf

Hoathly, East Grinstead

Wilkinson, W., Gardener, Elloughton Lodge,

Brough, East Yorkshire

Weller, W., Gardener. Forest Mere, Liphook

Wadds, B.. Gardener. Birdsall, York

Williams. J., Gardener, Penwartham Priory,

Preston. Lancashire

Wilson, A., Gardener, Bourton House, Shrivenhani
Webster, J.. Grdnr., Gordon Castle, Fochabers. N.B
Wooderson. A. G.. May Place Road, Bexley Heath
Woodfield. W., Gardener, St. Bride's, Little Haven,

WilliB

South Wales..

, D., Grdnr., Canford Manor, Wimborne

Webster, W., Grdnr., Carpenders. Watford, Hert?
Waters, A., Gardener, Farington House, Preston .
Williams, C, Gardener. Lower Eaton, Hereford ..
Wilkes, J., Gardener, Creswell Hall, Stafford ...
Williams, T., Gardener, GaywoodHall, Lynn ...
Wood, H., Gardenet, Bosworth Park, Hinckley ...
Wild, J., Gardener, Sandringham, King's Lynn ...
Worsfold, J. W., Grdnr., Hatfield Hall, Wakefield
Winman, W., Gardener. Hickleton, Doncaster ...
Whitaker, W., Gardener, Crewe Hall, Crewe
White, G., Gardener, Longstow Hall, Cambs.
Wilson, E.. Gardener. Hardwick Hall, Chesterfield
White, E.. Grdnr., Glencormac, Bray, Co. Wicklow
Wells, J., Gardener, Fernhill, Windsor. Berks ..
Walker. T., Gardener, Hexworthy, Launceston ...

Wakely, R., Ponsandani Lodge, Penzance

Wills, E., Grdnr., The Firs, Eassett, Southampton
Walker, J.. Gardener, Broomhall Field, Sheffield..
Williams. J., Grdnr., Smedmore, Wareham, Dorset
Wilson, E., Gardener, Nascott, Watford , ...
Welsli, W.. Gardener; Knowle H-all, Chobham ..
Webber. —,Lowther Castle ...
Winkworth. T.. Grdnr.. Childwall Hall, Liverpool
Walters. R., Gardener, Tynte^fie^(I. Bristol
Young", W., Barton Court Gardens, Kintbury, Buck.-
Young Men, Elsham Hall, Brigg

,, Burehley Gardens, Stamford

-,, Gordon Castle ...■

,, Vale Royal, Northwich, Cheshire

„ Bank Hall Gardens, Burnley

.. Aldenham Park Gardens, Elstree, Herts ...
Yeats. J., Gardener, Grosvenor Park, Chester

Further Donations and Subscriptions loill be thankfully received by
A. F. BAE.RON, Honorary Secretary, rfoYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS, CHISWICK, LONDON, W,

96

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[JcLT 28. 1887.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NTJT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loo^e. about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bushel bags, 4rf. each.

LIGHT BKOWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. 6rf. per Back ; 6 sacks,
26s. ; sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COAKSE SILVER SAND. Is. M. per bushel: 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANUHES, (iARDEN STICKS. VrRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CrOTH 1 USSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H O iil.'XTH, F.B.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury

La..

■ V calfed i7A, Coal Yard), *.C.

THE ACME

,i^S*^^^^«

Safe and Sure.
WEE I KILLER, for destroying Weeds .

I Carriage Drives,

u,„.^., Walks, Stable Yards, £c. Prices; Per gallon, 2s.,
tins included ; 5 gallons. Is. M. per gaUon ; 10 gallons. Is id.
per gallon. Special quotations for larger quantities. One
gallon makes 26 gallons.

WORM-KILLER, for eradicating worms from Tenuis
Courts, Laiviis, imd I'li.uls in Puts. Prices; In bottles

Is. '.id. and 2s. i»/ ; li.r f;;ill ''x.

KENTISH GARDEN MANURE.
T-,,H V[\|.x II WTS IS rms, VEGETABLES, &c.

;,,,, ,1,,, \,,., , Ml I;, ni.ir.l Dyer, B.Sc, F.C.S.,

p I ( ■ I . ., 1 II 1 1.1,1 I : \ I I I 1 1 1 I 111' I'lssex, Devon, Notts,
.,,,,1 , , I I N 'il\ recommended. The

;w,. i<

28 lb., 7s. 6<l.: ditto, 1 cwt., 2.-. Si.tmi.I.- Iiii. ."7.. l.ost-free.
THE KENTISH SOLUBLE MANURE.
For use in Oonservatorie, and on PLnil.-. u. rooms. No dis-
agreeable smell. A perfect plant food. In tins, 'id., 9d., and
2° : in bags, containing 28 lb.. 7s. Sample tin, posMree, 6i(.

KENTISH LAWN FERTILISER.

Imparts permanent improvement to LAWNS, C:RICKET

UKUUNDS, &c. 28 lb., 6s. ; 66 lb., 8s. id. ; 1 cwt., 16s.

THE "INVICTA" INSECTICIDE.

Fur destroying insects and parasites on Plants and Trees,

such as mealy-bug, scale, thrips, red spider, American blight,

&c. In tins. Is. 6d. and 2s. id; per gallon, 9s. Small tins

m.ike upwards of 14 gallons of wash.

THE "INVICTA" MILDEW DESTROYER.
An unfailing remedy for

In til

and;

THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY,

KJ.MiRlDGE. KENT.
Sold by Seedsmen and I lotists.

Address, H. A. GRINIIROD, Tollbridge.

myocoFfly~gum.

Catches FLIES, MOSQUITOS, WASPS, Stc.

Sample Box, Post-free for Is.

T. CHRISTY & (.'( »., l-Ti, l.ime St., London, E.G.

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 66 lb. 1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-
CLAY & LEVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, B.

CARTERS'

VICTORIA PRIZE CALCEOLARIA.

AWARDED

First Prize (open to Eng-
land), Crystal Palace ... 1883

The Second Prize, Royal
Horticultural Society ... 1685

The Extra Prize, Crystal
Palace 1884

Bronze Medal, Royal Bo-
tanic Society 1884

Large Bronze Medal, Royal
Botanic Society 1883

Banksian Medal, Royal
Horticultural Society ... 1883

The Silver Medal, Ceylou... 1887
FINEST MIXED SEED.

Price Is. 6d., 2b. 6d., 3s. 6d., & Bs. pkt., post-ftee.

Seeds.\5

II. M.

ll.K.II.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

QA i\{\{\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OUijUV/V' finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into Scinch pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHAKD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer(;hant3, Worcester.

EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCKS.

THUMAb METHVEN and SONS
offer their choice strain of the above, in live varieties,
viz.. Scarlet. Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved,
at 1,1., 2s. 6rf., aud 5s. each colour. Price to tlie Trade on
application.

By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,
Edinburgh.

STRAWBERRIES.

CHAHLES TUIINEU'S
NEW AND DESCRIPTIVE LIST

is now ready, aud may be had post-free on application.
THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLOUGH.

Appointed by

Special Warrant.

SUPER13 STKAIXS OF

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

The fi.lKuvuig ;.re Mived regardless of troulile and cxi)eii-.e, from
the most relincd and beautiful strains in existence:—

PRIMULAS in variety, CINERARIAS, CAL-
CEOLARIAS, GLOXINIAS, BEGONIAS,
CARNATIONS, AURICULAS, POLYAN-
THUS, &o,, per packet, l,s., I*. Gd., and 2s. 6rf.

llhistrated Descriptive CATALOGUES Post-free.

F. & A. Dickson & Sons,

THE QUEEN'S SEEUS.MEN,

CHESTER.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive "List of New, Rare, and

Choice Ferns," and " Hardy North American Ferns,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NPRSBRY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the be.st New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from I8s, to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tiou. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel tor package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post, 1j.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
agei and printed cultural directiona
enclosed, with ourBignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Uighgate Nurseries, N.

STANDEN'S MANURE

Established 20 Years.

THIS OLD-ESTABLISHED MANUEE
is acknowledged by the leading practical Gardeners in
the United Kingdom and the Colonies to exceed all others in
general lertilising properties and staying powers. It promotes
a rapid, heMltliy, i.ii.i rulm^t growth to plants generally. For
Vines it cimnnf !. ( .. !uf:!ily rrrriramendcl. and this fact is
fullv snsf 111 ' 1 I , ' i^iili rphliiini'd I'V its use in the hands
of some..!' Ill inl (lni,i,. Kr.'.vvers. It is a clean

and dry I'..". I. 1. "^m .ii liUl.- mui-H, wlii.h renders it par-
ticularly u.lui.uL.;. lui l.iJ.. .^ inter. „tid in plant cullure.

The highly fertilising properties of tins Manure render its
money value in comparison with other manures at least double ;
and usei-s u-itt find that very small guatitities u-itl produce
famiiriMe results.

Sold in new and enlarged Tins, 1/-, 2/6,
5,6, 10 6, and 21/- each ; and in Kegs at
reduced prices— 28 lb., 12/6 ; 661b., 23/- ;
1121b., 42- each.

May be uhtainedfrom Nurserymen and Seedsmen in
the United Kingdom and the Colonies.

Sole Manufacturers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd..

Xiondon, E.G.

ELLIOTT'S IMPROVED

"SUMMER CLOUD" SHADING

For i.la-s Slrncluiei, Uii.t re.|uirf Shading.

It combines EFFICACY with APPEARANCE, CONVE-
NIENCE with ECONOMY, and its effects are i:.ASTINO.

Sold in packets. Is. each, with full directions for use, and in
bags, 7 lb., 12s. ; 14 lb., 22s. ; may be obtained from all Seeds-
men and Nurserymen.

Sole Manufacturers and Proprietors,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.,

London, E.G.

Many years' experience haa proved
this article the most certain and
efficacious remedy for the destruo
tion of Daisies and Weedson Lawns,
If used according to the directiona/
it cnnuot fail to produce a healthy
and luxuriant growth of grass in'
one application ; and to enable the
article to be in more general use it
i.4 now offered at the following

REDUCED PRICES,

Tins, 18., 28. 6d., 5b. ; a
KegH, J-Lwt., 88.: J-cwt. 16b, ;3
icwt. 30a.

Sold by all Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

Sole Manufacturers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.,

London, E.G.

SEE THAT you OBTAIN

FOWLER'S LAWN SAND,

All Fackacea baviug the name plainly attadied.

Jdli 23, 1887.]

TEE GARDENEBS' CHEONIGLE.

97

INSECT PESTS of a.. k,„„-

Greeu Fly Scale, Keil Spider, Thrips, Mealy Bug, &c.,

INSTANTLY KILLED

without Injury to Plants, ^^t^^S-^— ^^/9>

"SWIFT AND SURE"
INSECTICIDE.

THE BEST and CHEAPEST
INSECT DESTROYER.

Awarded Certificate of Merit at the Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show.

In bottle^, \s. 6rf. an.l .-is. 6(i. ; Rallona, 10s. M. Carriage
Paid to any Station in the United Kingdom on Orders
of JEl nett.

WEEDS on Garden Walks, Carriage
Drives, Stable Yards, Railway Stations, &c.,

PERMANENTLY DESTROYED,

BT rSINQ X^

THE

"PERFECT"
WEED KILLER.

SAVES MANY TDIES ITS
COST IN LABOUR.

Price. 1 gallon, 2s. ; 5 galls.. Is. M. per gall. ; 10 galls..
Is. id. per gall. ; 40 galls.. Is. id. per gall. Carriage Paid
in United Kingdom on Orders of £1 nett.

MILDEW on Rosea and all Plants,
completely CUXvED,

THE

"PERFECT"
MILDEW DESTROYER.

WORM CASTS on Tennis Lawns,
Cricket Grounds, Bowling Greens, &c.,

Easily PREVENTED,

"PERFECT"

WORM DESTROYER.

lo bottles, 1.?. 6rf. and 3s. 6ii. ; gallons, 7^. 6d. ; less ii
quantity. One gallon makes SO for use. Enough for i
Tennis Lawn, 25s.

Carriage Paid in United Kingdom on Orders of £l nett.

SOLD by ALL SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS.

Manufactured only by

THE HORTICULTURAL AND AGRICULTURAL

CHEMICAL COMPANY.

103, Holm Street, Glasgow.

NOTICE.— Ottr business has been entirely removed
from Tonbridge to Glasgow, as above, aiid there is now
no firm oj our name at Tonbridge, Kent.

Beware of Unprincipled Imitations of our
Name, and Wohthlkss Substitutes for our Goods.
Carefully note our Trade Mark, which is affixed to
all our manufactures, and without which none are
genuine.

ORCHID EXHIBITION.

One of the most beautiful sights
in London.

ORCHIDS.— The PRIVATE VIEW of
^-' Mr. WlLLIiM Bull's ORCHID EXHrBITION is open
to Patrons of the Establishment, every TUESDAY,
THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, 10 to 6 o'clock, through-
out JULY.

Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's
Road, Chelsea, London. S.W.

ORCHIDS.— The PUBLIC EXHIBITION
'^ of ORCHIDS is open to the Public, every MONDAY,
WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY. 10 to 6 o'clock, through-
out JULY'. Admission, each day, 2s. id.

ORCHIDS. — A vision of lovelinees unpa-
^■^ ralleled in Europe.

QRCHIDS

, — " Must be seen to be realised."

/ORCHIDS- — "A scene of the greatest Orchidic
^^ beauty, baffling description, and defying exaggeration."

r\ RC H I DS.— Specimens in Flower from Brazil,

^•^ Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador, Madagascar. Assam, Peru.
Costa Rica, Vene/uela, West Indies, Burmah, Borneo,
and various other part-s of the Eastern Archipelago.

/ORCHIDS.— The Exhibition is worth going

^^ any distance to sec at

MR. WILLIAM BULL'S

ESTABLISHMENT FOR NEW AND RARE PLANTS,
636, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

SEEDLING PLANTS

OF CHOICE

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE
in offering the following, in strong, healthy, trai
planted young stuff, from our superb strains.
Free by Post at prices quoted.

Per dozen.— s.
AliriClllas, alpine. Very choice, strong young

plants for blooming next season 2

Calceolarias, herbaceous, splendid strain ... 2

Carnations and PlCOtees. From choicest named

flowers per 100, 10s. erf. 1

,, yellow varieties ... ••■ ••■ 3

Cinerarias. Large flowered, very fine,

per 100, 10s. 6rf. 1

Hollyhocks. Choicest double '6

Primulas, Alba magnifica. Splendid pure white 3
King. Deep crimson, magnificent

colour

., Queen of Whites. Very fine

,, Purpurea magnifica. Superb variety

The Bride. New dark-stemmed pure white,

splendid ...

.. Choicest red, white, or mixed,

per 100, 10s. 6rf.

,, Fern-leaved. Choice mixed ,, 105. 6rf.

Primroses. High coloured hybrids, very choice

strain per lOO, 10s. 6rf.

Polyanthus, gold-laced. Fine „ 7s. erf. i o
Primulas, double, pure white. Splendid for fumish-

ingan abundance of euttlowers throughout the autumn
and \vinter. Well-rooted strong young plants, from
3- inch pots, per 100, 42s. ; per doz., 6s. ; three tor Is. 9rf.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,
NORWICH.

Now ready. In cloth, 11b. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. KICHAKDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NEW EDITION,
Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price Zd., Post-free ^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strm d,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, JULY i3, 1887.

KENMARE HOUSE.

IN passing the Snowdon range on May 1 6, when
the snow still hung in the clefts and chasms
of the mountains, I thought I had seen the last
snow till another season. But last month of
May was unlike others, and four days later, after
visiting the Munster Dairy School on a most
bitter, cold day, and sleeping at Cork, the g( ntle-
men of the British Dairy Farmers' Association,
coming on to Killarney for the last meeting of
the annual conference, which was held in Ireland
this year, found the mountains of that fan ous
district all wearing a cap of snow — a very beauti-
ful but unseasonable ornament, which they
retained during May 20 and 21.

The vegetation of this south-western part of
Ireland is earlier than that of most parts of
England. Both in the kitchen garden and the
ornamental grounds of the Earl of Kenmare it
seemed to me that everything was slightly for-
warder than in England. At any rate, Mr.
Leigh's Potatos on May 20 were nearly ready for
the table in the open ground, and his Lettuces
sown this spring and planted outdoors 6 inches
apart, crowded one another in the bed, and as the
hungry gravel soil is not warmed by much
manure I thought Nature was doing quite as
well as could be expected, considering the unfa-
vourable circumstances.

It is anomalous, seeing with one's own
eyes a nobleman's house under the protec-
tion, day and night, of armed policemen. If
the Earl of Kenmare carries out his intention
of paying a visit to his house in July, he will do
so, one may be sure, from a sense of duty.
Good landlord as he always was, and popular
as he still is, poverty has stricken thote
parts of his estate amongst the mountains,
which in this country no man would attempt
to farm, but which in Ireland are still
the starving grounds for a number of small
" farmers," who stick to their rocks like leecheF.
I have often mentioned in these sketches that the
pleasure and desirability of an estate partly
depend on sentiment and moral conditions, and

98

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jdly 23, 1887.

for that reason, apart from party politics, which
have no place in these columns, my subject re-
quires some slight reference to the troubles of
the times. I have never before had occasion to
measure the effect on value of bands of assassins
and moonlighters, recruited from among the
tenantry, ready to attack any man who touches
the land question against their views.

In this state of things tourists who do not
roam the hills at night and get themselves mis-
taken for evictors are absolutely safe. Coming
to Killarney to disburse they will receive the
same cordial welcome and perfect civility as of
old. But Lord Kenmare, in spite of the " million
welcomes" he will get in the town, could only
visit some parts of his estate at a risk which no
prudent man would incur, and when he moves
abroad, even in his own demesne, a bodyguard
will attend him. Only a patriotic lover of a
residence which attracts him by the memory of
former happy days could visit a home darkened
by these frightful shadows, and if Lord Kenmare
should abandon the place, it will assuredly
remain empty like Muckross Abbey, another
charming residence three miles distant.

The house is situated almost as close to the
town as Windsor, Alnwick, and Arundel Castles
are to their respective towns, and is well secluded
in the rear and open to the lakes and mountains
in front, commanding them the better by its ele-
vation which may be from 300 feet to 400 feet
above the surface of the water where the trout
and salmon jump below. The river Laune, which
leaves this lower lake, sometimes called Lough
Leane, several miles to the right of this spot,
finds its way to Dingle Bay — the river Flesk is
its main feeder, entering by Flesk bridge close
to Killarney on the north after skirting the
grounds of Flesk Castle, Mr. Coltsman's place.
A wide and noble landscape opens from the ter-
race, having none to equal it for soft and sweet
lake scenery, ever changing in its aspect, but
always clad with the verdure of well-shrubbed
shores and islets, the whole being tapped and
encompassed by mountains that tower far above
the limits of tree-growth, to heights which even
the Arbutus, the special shrub of the country,
cannot scale. These two rotund mountains on
the south-east towards Cork, and near the Devil's
Punchbowl, natural swellings seated side by
side, are known as the Taps. The high peak
rising immediately out of the groves and woods
of Muckross is the Turc mountain, and the oppo-
site peak enthroned above the rest immediately
in front of the Muckross monarch, is the Tomies,
which the stranger should pronounce correctly,
sounding the first vowel like the o in home, and
by no means like the same letter in Tom. The
sweet little spot which we see, too, from here,
bearing the name of Glena Bay, with the charm-
ing cottage on its green banks, where the Queen
took tea on the occasion of her visit, is a
favourite place for tourists. It is a con-
venient place, where you may first catch your
fish in the bay and then cook and eat them on
the spot. But we cannot vie with the LTnited
States, where, in a "people's park," 180 miles in
circumference, you may hook your whale in the
cool waters of an inland sea and then boil him in
a hot anJ superheated spring running hard b}'.
An American lady, stepping into the boat at
Killarney the other day, astonished the boatmen
by calling their famous lakes disdainfully " duck-
ponds." But they enjoyed their revenge,
humourists as they are, for the lower lake, and
the biggest, was agitated that day, as it often is
in its own small way; the boat went up and down,
and the lady's discomfort was not slight.

I greatly enjoyed walking round the grounds

with Mr. Loveless, whose skill, if I may indulge
a word of critisism, will some day, we may hope,
cover the great house, if t%at be possible con-
sidering its h,eight, with creepers to conceal the
inconsistent material which the architects
selected when they built the pile of red brick
instead of using the abundant stone of the neigh-
bourhood. Oh ! ye architects, how thankful you
should be to gardeners who are continually
repairing your blunders and changing ugliness to
beauty ! The walls of the house have been well
planted. Gloire de Dijon Rose was in blossom
by April 1, and the Banksia Rose at the time of
my visit. The Cotoneaster was covered with its
small white blossoms. Virginia creeper, Ivies,
Roses, the evergreen Euonymus, so much used at
many seaside places, such as Brighton and
Eastbourne, and several sorts of Berberis, are
among the plants on the house.

The Mountain Ash in the grounds was coming
into blossom, and on some of the sheltered islands
on the lake below it was already in full bloom.
The Ghent Azaleas had been very showy and
beautiful, the Whitethorn was showing its earliest
blooms. A secluded walk edged with Lilac,
Laburnum, and red and white Hawthorn, was
already offering proofs of ornament to come
soon. Andromeda floribunda had blossomed in
December, and the New Zealand "S'eronica
showed from its appearance that it has done
duty liberally in that respect. The Beech is
the prevailing tree in the demesne around the
house, which extends, I believe, to about
1500 acres of land in grass, shrubbery and
grove. Sycamores are numerous, especially on
the approach road on the north-west side of
the house, where a good view of the adjoining
town can be obtained — a town stone-built and
slated, containing about 7000 inhabitants, with
prominent public buildings in its outskirts, a
cathedral, priory, Protestant church of white
stone with handsome spire, poor-house, much
too full, and a lunatic asylum, not so full as
some people think it might be with advantage,
though all must deplore the deep-seated troubles
of the country.

The bedding system is not much in vogue
here, but the herbaceous plants form a fine col-
lection around the house, and also around a very
ornamental tea-room and dairy in one building,
placed at a little distance.

Descending from the house through the
demesne, and through a plantation containing
a variety of Conifers, we entered Ross Island
close to Ross Castle. From this spot Ross Island
can be entered by a causeway. It is an island
of many promontories and jutting headlands
in the lake, and of winding shores raised some
feet above the water. The lakes of Killar-
ney may be surveyed here from many points
of view.

The demesne immediately around the house is
open to visitors on payment of a small fee, and
to the people of Killarney and of the county of
Kerry it is free. Lord Kenmare's favourite
island of Ross is public, a delightful recreation
ground of 158 acres partly planted with exotio
Conifers which flourish in this mild moist district,
and partly ornamented by its own rich garb of
native shrub and timber. //. E.

OdontogLOSSUM Harryanum.— Tills mag-
nificent iiiw introduction is now flowering in the
nurseries of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans,
and fully .sustains the high character that has been
accorded it. It is quite distinct and very handsome ;
tlie large proportion of blue colouring in the flowers
gives this species a special attraction. It is a plant
that should be in every collection.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CATTLETA PORPHYROGLOSSA (Lindl.,
Mchb.f.) VAR. PUNCTULATA, n. var.

The species is evidently a very rare plant. It is
like Cattleya guttata with larger flowers. Both the
sepals and petals are light Horse-Chestnut-brown.
The lip is very fine. Its best and leading character
is that the stalk of the anterior lacinia is crenulate
or serrate at the edges. There is a great abundance
of the finest keels and warts on the central lacinia,
shining like a ruby. Similar productions appear
on the apex of the side lacinice. The column is
white at the back, yellow in front, where it is covered
with purple stripes

There has appeared a variety, unique so it appears,
at Messrs. H. Low & Co.'s — sulphurea, with sulphur
coloured sepals and petals ; and now Mr. W. Bull
sends me a fresh variety with scattered crimson spots
on the inside of the petals and a few on the sepals.
The yellow column is richly adorned with crimson.
It is very uncommon to see such fine varieties in
species, which are themselves so very rare. I was
not aware that this species had been imported in
quantities. H. G. Hchb.f.

OdontogLOSSUM ckispum {Lindl.) WoLSTEHJfoi.Mi.E '
n. var. \

An Odontoglossum crispum of such unexpected
qualities that it really commands a name of its own.
It is very rich in flowers. The sepals and petals are
not very broad, but very acuminate, the petals lobed
and toothed. They are of the purest white, with large
spots of ochre-brown in the centre, and a glorious
mauve border. Some of the very few small spots are
similarly marked, but some others are purely mauve.
There is a brown ligulate disc on the lip, whose call!
are yellow; the side ones, however, are not much
developed. The base of the column is chiefly yellow.

This very ornamental variety is most respectfully
dedicated to Mrs. Wolstenholme — Mr. J. Day's
sister. This lady has done very much for orchidology
by taking the greatest care of the fine Dayan collec-
tions during the numerous long absences of the pos-
sessor. Mrs. Wolstenholme has always shown so
great an interest in the Orchids that it is an uncom-
mon satisfaction to see rhe name combined with
fine members of that beloved family, but these
being only varieties I hope to have the honoiu- and
pleasure of one day naming a fine species in her
honour. H. G. Echb. f.

Desdrodicm aueantiacom, Echb. /., MSS. 1854.

This is a very old friend of mine. I have known
it for more than thirty years, and it came in my
way at very rare intervals. My first acquaintance
with it was made in the garden of Herr Kammerrath
Frege, at Abteranndorf, near Leipsic, 1854. Then it
was gathered in May, 1870, in Assam, by my friend
Gustav Mann. Both Kammerrath Frege and Gustav
Mann were very discontented that I did not publish
it, but I had no certainty as to the distinctness of
the species, and in 1854 I could not believe in the
possibility that a decidedly East Indian Orchid
should have escaped the observation of our lamented
Dr. Lindley. In April last it appeared at Chelsea at
Mr. W. Bull's, and the plant being now in the trade
judgment cannot be longer postponed. The stems
are crowded, very slender, now exceeding even a foot
in length. When young and fresh they have the
sheaths with little white spots, and at some places '
there is a light mauve-purple wash. As soon as the
leaves have fallen the stems get furrowed, and
finally, when they get rid of the sheaths they are
brownish or yellowish, shining like a Bamboo. The
narrow, nearly linear, leaves are nearly 3 lines in
breadth and 2 to 3 inches in length. The lateral
inflorescences look very peculiar on the elder leafless
stems. They are covered at the base with some im-
bricate, short, brown, or purple sheaths, and a short
free rhachis bears very few (one to three) flowers of
uniform orange colour. The triangular bracts are
short, half to one-third the length of the stalked

Jolt 23, 1887.]

THE GAEDE NEBS' CBHONICLE.

99

ovary. The chin of tlie flower is blunt and short.
Sepals ligulate acute. Petals broader. Lip with
short stalk, and hastate semiovate, or simply semi-
ovate lacinia, obscurely toothletted at the margin,
very rough inside, with some linear elevations at the
base. I regard this plant as a near neighbour of the
rare and little known Dendrobium clavatum, Wall.,
which may be immediately recognised by its very-
long conspicuous bracts, broad sepals, much broader
petals, longer inflorescence with usually more flowers.
It has some purple markings on the lip, but there is
nothing of ;that kind to be found in our new Den-
drobe. This, of course, gives no specific character.

I have what appears to be a third, and by far the
finest species of this little group. It was collected
in Burmah by Hildebrandt, and kindly given me by
my oldest English correspondent, Mr. S. Low. The
inflorescence is larger in all its parts. The sheaths
are much wider, the bracts very broad, the very
numerous flowers much larger. There cannot be a
doubt that this stately thing surpasses the last-
named species. I have, however, only one inflor-
escence, and that one has suffered so much from
mould that I have never yielded to the temptation of
softening a flower, for I felt sure it would be
destroyed at once. Of stem and leaves I know
nothing, I am sorry to say. H. G. Echb.f.

Selaqinellas.
The following description of new species has been
orwarded to us by Mr. Jenman, the Colonial Botanist
of British Guiana : —

Selacfiiiclla diminutifolia, Jenman, n. sp, — Fronds
1—2, or 3 inches long, half as wide or less, rooting
chiefly at the base, but also frequently from the
joints, two or three times pinnate, the branches
short, alternate, contiguous, or subdistant, | — 1 line
wide over all, the outer ones hardly narrower than
the main axis, firm in texture, dark green ; major
leaves spreading obliquely, contiguous, the outer
ones imbricating, obliquely ovate, obtuse, half a line
long, less broad, plain edged, the base obliquely
cordate, much deeper on the superior rounded base,
the auricle of which laps over the rachis. Minor
leaves ovate-acute, equal sided, subcordate, imbri-
cating on the outer branches, not, or hardly so, at
the base of the stems, a quarter of a line long,
nearly as wide, slightly convex. Spikes not seen.
—Guiana, Jenman, n. 1481.— On rocks at the foot of
tlie Kaieteur Fall, a situation that, if closely
examined, would probably yield several others, new
or old. On my visit I had, unfortunately, tem-
porarily lost my sight by an attack of ophthalmia,
which compelled my leaving the situation quite un-
e.Kamined. This is one of the very diminutive
species, with more compact leafage, and that is more
freely branched than any of, as regards size, its local
allies, such as S. dendricola and S. minima ; spiny.

Selagindla dendricola, Jenman, n. sp. — Fronds
prostrate, few to several inches long, consisting of a
slender thread-like rachis and short distant usually
simple or casually forked branches i — J inch long.
Leaves extending to the base of the primary rachis ;
major ones, J— i line each way, hardly pointed, the
base subequally slightly cordate, nearly orbicular,
horizontal, all except the outer ones more or
less apart or distant, the latter contiguous
or imbricated, and becoming gradually oblong
in shape ; minor leaves minute, ascending, distant,
ovate-acute ; spikes often crowded at the end of the
frond, \ — l] inch long, four-goual ; bracts compact,
sharply keeled, acuminate, and finely denticulate. —
Guiana, Jenman, n. 2323. On decaying logs in the
forest opposite Bartica Grove, Essequebo Eiver,
I growing among, and often more or less concealed in

imoss. This is a slender delicate species, apparently
nearest S. rotundifolia, Spring., and S. minima.
Spring. It has a curious double habit, the long
I main "rachis having lax or distant leaves, which are
i nearly round, while the short branches and apex of
the frond, which are fertile at the ends, have close
or crowded oblong leaves. The spikes are peculiarly
long at the top of the frond, often a dozen, extending
forward, side by side, those of the distant lateral
I branches are shorter. The colour is very pale green.
( To be eontintced .')

Trees and Shrubs-

THE MOCK -ACACIA.
I HAVE never seen the Acacias (Eobinias) blossom
so abundantly as they have done here this season ; we
have several large specimens in the pleasure grounds,
and some of them were completely covered with their
pendulous pure white sjiikes of flowers. This tree
makes an eS"ective feature where properly placed in
ornamental grounds, where its distinct character
makes it attractive at all seasons — in the summer by
its graceful foliage, which is scarcely surpassed even
by the graceful Salisburia, while during its leafless
season its rough, dark-coloured bark gives to it a
grotesque appearance. T. C, Hendre, Monmouth,

RunUS AMERICANUS.

It is singular that nurserymen will so often issue
plants with new names wlien old and authentic ones
exist, and maybe discovered without much difficulty.
The Blackberry issued under the name of R. ameri-
canus is the R. villosus of Alton (Hort. Kew., ed. 1,
vol. ii., p. 210), and well known under that name to
American botanists, as I learn from Dr. Asa
Gray. Why give a new name when one already
exists ? Why give us all the trouble which
we have had to find out its real name? But
there is a curious point connected with this
issue under the name of N. americanus. In most
cases R. laciniatus came with it, and is, as far as I
have seen, the prolific fruiting plant. So we have
two quite distinct plants issued together under one,
and that a new name. Can nothing be done to put
an end to these things? They can hardly be of any
benefit to the tradesmen, even if that were any
excuse. C. C. Babington, CanAridge

Ornamental B.iRBERBiEg.

Not everyone of the full half a hundred Barberries
new in cultivation can be considered as at all orna-
mental plants. A few are, however, amongst the
finest hardy free-flowering subjects that have ever
been introduced to this country.

Berberis stenophylla is a garden hybrid between
B. Darwinii and B. empetrifolia. and is cer-
tainly one of the most ornamental free-flowering
shrubs with which any garden can be planted. It is
far more hardy than Darwin's plant, and a near rival
to it in beautv and floriferousness, for certainly when
the long, arching branches are, for fully half their
length, enveloped in the golden flowers, it is a
shrub for which to find a superior is no easy task.
In the shape of large bushes this Barberry is remark-
ably eS'ective, but particularly so when placed on tlie
greensward, the drooping, slender, narrow-leaved
shoots and golden or lemon-coloured flowers render-
ing it as distinct as it is handsome. Any soil almost
will suit it, and likewise any situation, although we
certainly have noticed its preference for a rather
warm, sandy soil, and sunny position. As a berry-
bearing shrub, this Barberry likewise merits atten-
tion, for during late autumn and winter the dark
purple fruit is both pretty and attractive. A. D.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

ORCHIDS AT KEW.
As usual a large number of very showy species
is in bloom, besides a numher of others which for
various reasons are not commonly met with in collec-
tions. Botanical Orchids, perhaps, some of them may
be called, bnt even of these some species are by no
means devoid of beauty, and in any Case they add
variety and interest to a coUectioii. Fashionable
species are, however, well represented, notably the
genus Phalienopsis, of which several very handsome
species are in flower. A fine form of that charming
plant, P. sumatrana, one of the closely allied V.
Luddemanniana. P. violacea, a splendid iilaut of
P, Marije, which is certainly a very handsome species.
An exceptionally dark variety of P. Esmeralda is
also very effective ; besides which, two or three

plants each of P. grandifloraand P. Sanderiana must
not be omitted, one of the latter being a very rosy
variety.

Two species of Angrsecum may be mentioned — A.
Scottianum, with its large white lip and long spur,
is very eflfective ; while A. falcatum, with its pure
white flowers and neat habit, is quite a little gem.
Aerides, too, is well represented. Several plants of
Aerides affine roseum are in bloom, with its power-
ful aromatic fragrance ; the flowers very light deli-
cate rose colour, with the lip and upper portions of
the segments suffused with a much darker shade.
Four plants of A. Lobbii are very effective, the
drooping racemes are of considerable length, the
colours similar to the preceding, but a little darker
and with a number of rosy-purple dots on the seg-
ments, A plant of A. odoratum, too, must not be
overlooked

Saccolabium ampullaceum is a little gem, its neat
habit and rosy-coloured flowers with dark veins
rendering it very effective. A plant of S. Blumei,
too, we noticed, with three fine racemes. The pure
white Maxillaria venusta is a well known plant, and
calls for no special note ; but a plant of the curioui
M. scabrilinguis might be seen, which is remarkable
for bearing its dull-coloured flowers in a large erect
raceme. To Xylobium, we" believe, this is now
referred in the Genera Plantarum, and certainly the
habit is very dissimilar to the solitary-flowered
Maxillarias. The lip of this plant is its singular
feature— dull yellow in colour, and covered with
small dark maroon warts, giving it a rough appear-
ance—hence the name.

Cypripediums are, perhaps, not very numerously
represented, though a few species are in flower,
amongst which a little group of about half-a-dozen
plants particularly arrested our attention. It con-
sisted of C. Godefroyas, C. niveum, and C. concolor —
three well-known and closely allied little species of
dwarf habit. Close by was the curious C. virens, the
flowers mostly green, with the upper half of the
petals of a peculiar coppery flesh-colour. A good
plant of the handsome C. Stonei, C. ciliolare, three
barge pans of C. barbatum, with any number of
flowers; and of the Selenipedium section, C. Roezlii,
and the curious hybrid, C. conchiferum, were noted.

A group of Lycastes is very interesting. It
contained the two deep orange-coloured species, L.
aromatica and L: cochle.ata, the former having a
very powerful aromatic fragrance, the latter also
sweetly, though not so powerfully scented ; L. Can-
dida, the well-known and handsome L. D.'ppei, and
lastly, a good plant of that pretty species, L. tri-
color, with its light, flesh-coloured flowers with
darker markings on the lip. A few Epidendrums
may be noted. E. radiatum, a species of the cochle-
atum group, with whitish-green flowers and a shell-
shaped lip with purple lines; E. variegatum, with
green flowers densely spotted with blackish-brown,
and, like the preceding, with the lip uppermost ; E.
virens, from Mexico, has green flowers, but a deli-
cious perfume precisely like that of the Tuberose.
Lastly, E. nemorale, with very handsome Barkeria-
like flowers, lilac-rose in colour, with a dark-coloured
lip. A curious point about it is the very warty
scape and pedicels.

Cattleyas are nearly over, though we noticed a
fine' plant of C. Gaskelliana. Of other showy
things are two plants of Dendrobium Falconeri,
with its slender growths, narrow leaves, and large,
handsome flowers; Anguloa Clowesii, a very hand-
some Odontoglossum hastilabium, Epidendrum vitel-
linum majus, Phaius bicolor, unfortunately a rather
large grower, and various other things which must
be passed over. Amongst several species of Oncidium
a fine 0. leucochilum must be mentioned. The pure
white lip, greenish-yellow segments blotched with
brown; the rosy-purple -column, wings, and dark
liurple anther-case give the plant a most plea.sing
appearance, and place it in the front rank of the
genus. Cielogyne Schillei'iana and Painsea nniflora
are both little gems ; the former has light yellow seg-
ments, lip white at base, canary-yellow above, and
beautifiillv marked with orange-brown ; the latter is

100

THE GABDENERS' CHEONICLE.

[JcLY 23, 1887.

closely allied to Ccelogyne, and has very pale
buff flowers with orange markings on lip. Spa-
thoglottis ixioides is another gem, it has grassy
leaves and bright yellow flowers with red spots on
the lip.

Of the less showy things a few may be noted.
Pleurothallis Barberiana, with its slipper-shaped dark
purple lip, and very acuminate white segments spotted
with purple, may fairly claim to be an elegant plant,
wjrthy of a place in any representative collection,
though another species seen can only be called a re-
ran kable curiosity. It is P. mutabunda ; the leaves
are narrow and very fleshy and the raceme of flowers
lies flat along the leaf; the lip is densely spotted
with dark maroon and the upper segment with three
light purple stripes, on a light olive-green ground.
Cjttonia peduncularis is another curiosity; the lip
is blackish -purple and wonderfully resembles a beetle
in appearance, the segments yellowish-green with
dusky purple lines. Microstylis congesta has very
densely crowded erect racemes of small lurid purple
flowers ; while Jl. chlorophrys has larger gi-eenish
flowers, and handsomely variegated leaves, the centre
being dark metallic olive-green with a broad silver
margin. Amongst curiosities too must be classed
Saccolabium gemmatum, though the habit is very
graceful, the leaves small and narrow, and the
small lilac-purple flowers borne in large branched
racemes.

A few hardy species may be noted in conclusion.
The North American Cypripedium spectabile is in
force and very handsome. Orchis foliosa seems quite
at home and is very eflTective : it is about the best of
the genus for cultivation. Gyranadenia odoratissima
may also be seen ; and of British species G. conop-
eea, Orchis maculata, and Listera ovata. Orchis.

Onoidium pkctorale.

A panicle of flowers of this handsome species is to
hand from an amateur's collection, and is said to
have been imported with 0. concolor. Both are
natives of Brazil, and therefore not unlikely to liave
come together, even if they do not actually grow
together. It was figured and described by Dr. Lind-
ley in his Sertnm Orchidacearum, t. 39, with the
remaik that it was "the handsomest of the yellow
Oncidiums ; " and even at the present time it may be
mitioned as among the best of them. Lindley re-
c ^iv( d it in April, 1840, from James Wentworth Buller
who remarked, " I have ascertained that it was im-,
pjrted from Rio de Janeiro, and it seems to me to
resemble in habit the O. Forbesii v/hich I received at
the same time, but in the structure of the leaves it
approaches closely to O. flexuosum." It belongs to
Lindley's section Tetrapetala macropetala, and is
closely allied to 0. Forbesii and crispum. The
flowers are 2 inches in diameter, and much re-
sembling these two species in shape ; the sepals are
yellow, heavily barred with bronzy-brown ; petals
similar, except that the yellow is here almost
restricted to the margin ; the lip is bright canary-
yellow, with dark purple crests, " difticult to
describe," remarks Lindley, " and may be compared
for general appearance to an old-fashioned lady's
stomacher, studded with little knots ; hence the
name." The column-wings are flesh-coloured, heavilv
spotted with bronzy-brown, and minutely crenulate.
This fine old species appears to be very rare in culti-
vation. /?. A. I?.

Masdevallh picturata.
Lovers of Masdevallias will be glad to hear of this
very rare species having flowered at Glasnevin, as
witness a flower just received from Mr. F. W. Moore,
*' This is a very small species," remarks Professor
Reichenbach, " but a gem par exeellence." The tuft
of small leaves seldom exceeds 2 to 3 inches in
height. The peduncles about equal the leaves in
height, and are single flowered. In general habit it
resembles M. Wageriana and M. xanthina, though
the flowers are considerably different. The seg-
ments are long and narrow, free almost to the extreme
base ; the colour greenish-yellow, with numerous
blackish-mauve spots; the long and slender tails

being green. It is a native of 'Venezuela, and is
figured in Xtnia Orchidacea, i., t. 75, fig. 1. as M.
Meleagris. This latter, however, is an old species
of Lindley's, which apparently has not yet appeared
in cultivation, though worth introducing if it could
be found again. B. A, B.

Epidendrum latilabre.
This singular Orchid has flowered several times
recently with W. J. Thomson, Esq., of St. Helens,
Lancashire. It appears to be a gigantic form of E-
umbellatum, its flowers being borne without spathe
or equivalent bracts as in that species ; the flowers
are of a transparent pale green, 2^ inches across, the
large and singularly formed labellum vividly repre-
senting Lindley's description of it — " curved down-
wards at each side so as to bear no little resemblance
to a stiffly-starched lady's apron." In habit of
growth its fleshy almost orbicular leaves and flattened
stems call to mind agigantic Nanodes Meduste. This
desirable plant is of E. umbellatum section no doubt,
but amply distinct from any of the figures or dried
specimens of that plant which I have seen, J. OB.

illumine and define the outlines of the various
pavilions with picturesque effect.

HYBRID LYCHNIS.

We are now enabled to give reduced illustrations
(figs. 22, 23, 24) of the beautiful hybrid form, of
which the interesting history has been given at pp. 57
and 79. We need not repeat what has been there
said, but we may say that the hybrid in the colour
of its flowers and in their number is decidedly supe-
rior to either parent. The differences observed in
the pollen-grains by Mr. W. G. Smith are remark-
able. The grains are shown in each case magnified
240 diameters.

NOTES FROM THE AMERICAN
EXHIBITION.

A NOVELTV in rubber-hose for garden and all
other uses is shown by the Waterbury Rubber Com-
pany. It is called armoured hose, and is wound
with steel wire. This gives greater resistance to the
pressure from within, and protects from wear and
tear without, so that it is claimed that it will wear
four times longer at least than ordinary hose. In
addition it cannot get into kinks like other rubber-
hose.

Among the exhibits of food products that of
Messrs. Gordon^ & Dilworth, of New York, is
noticeable by its size and attractive character. It
consists of preserved fruits, berries, and piquant
sauces. These goods are remarkable, not for their
cheapness — for they are put up as luxuries and at
prices beyond the reach of the masses — but for their
purity, delicacy of flavour, and attractiveness of
appearance. Enormous glass jars with whole Pears,
Pine-apples, Peaches, &c., are so luscious in appear-
ance as to make the mouth water at sight. A
great specialty of this firm is Tomato catsup pre-
pared by a new process, and which has a most
delightful flavour, and is very stimulating to the
jaded palate.

A superb collection of the forest woods of Cali-
fornia, including specimens both in the rough and
highly polished, will be exhibited shortly.

The exhibition is especially strong in the depart-
ments of agricultural machinery and in mechanical
appliances, mostly of a labour-saving character,
for the reason that the high price of labour in
America stimulates the attention of the inventor
and directs it in that channel, as the rewards are
sure to be large and immediate. The display of
food products is also worthy of attention, and the
departments of medical supplies are equally note-
worthy.

The gardens, which are 12 acres in extent, present
a most attiactive spectacle these warm summer
evenings. Illuminated by powerful electric lights
primarily, these are now supplemented by myriads of
fairy lamps in parti -col ours, which twinkle in the
tree-tops and shrubberies like fire-flies, and which

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE MODERN FORMS OF THE

CARNATION.
A FEW weeks ago I gave a rhumi of the new or
notable Auriculas exhibited at the National Society's
exhibitions (Southern section) during the last ten
years; and as the time draws near for the eleventh
exhibition to be held, a few remarks may be interest-
ing and instructive. In 1877, when the first
exhibition was held in the Royal Aquarium, 'West-
minster, the interest in the Carnation and Picotee
had declined to a low point, and few new varieties
of merit were raised in the South, but in the North
Mr. B. Simonite, of Sheflield, was at the height of his
fame as a raiser of seedlings. In 1876 I attended
the exhibition of the National Society held in the
Botanic Gardens, Manchester. At that exhibition
Mr. Simonite was awarded eleven First-class Certifi-
cates for Carnations and Picotees. The date was
August 11, the varieties — Carnations : Othello,
S.B. ; Samuel Barlow, C.B. ; Frank Simonite.
C.B. ; John Simonite, C.B. ; James Douglas, P.F.,
still the best in its class ; Rev. F. D. Horner, S.F.
Picotees : Mrs. Simonite, L.R.E. : Mrs. F. D.
Horner, L.R.E. ; Mrs. Gorton, L.R.E. ; Mrs. Douglas,
H.P.E. ; Silvia, L.P.E. There was an excellent
exhibition in 1877 at the Royal Aquarium, but no
new flowers were exhibited. The best Carnation
was Sibyl (Holmes), and the best Picotee John
Smith (Bower), The date of the exhibition was
July 18.

The second exhibition was held under the auspices
of the Royal Horticultural Society on July 23,
1878 ; at that exhibition Mr. Charles Turner, of
Slough, exhibited some exceedingly handsome new
flowers. The following received First-class Certi-
ficates:— Royal 'Visit (Abercrombie), heavy edged-
rose Picotee; Mrs. Payne (Payne), medium rose;
Ophir, yellow Picotee ; Lord Beaconsfield, buff-
ground Picotee ; Alice, Henry Tait, and Eleanor,
also yellow-ground Picotees, .John Bayley, S.F.,
was the premier Carnation, and J. B. Bryant, premier
Picotee.

In 1879 it happened to be the latest season on
record. The Society's exhibition, which was fixed
about the usual date, had to be postponed to August
12. This and all subsequent exhibitions were held
at South Kensington. Two new Picotees from Mr.
Turner received First-class Certificates, viz.: — Dr.
Abercrombie, H.R.E. ; Baroness B. Coutts. M.P.E.
The same exhibitor was awarded a First-class Cer-
tificate for Heather Bell, a prettily fringed pink.
Coloured Carnation ; Coroner, from Mr. Barron,
rose self; and Chromatella, yellow self Premier
Carnation, Sybil ; premier Picotee, Mrs. Payne.

The year 1880 was not such a good exhibition
season as usual. The show was fixed for July 27,
while the best of the blooms in the South were out
by the 20th of that month. It was a good year for
seedling Carnations, many new varieties having
received First-class Certificates. They were as
follows: — Scarlet bizarres, Robert Lord, Fred, and
Arthur Medhurst, from Mr. Dodwell ; crimson
bizarres. Crimson Banner, from Mr. Simonite ; Master
Fred (Hewitt) ; pink and purple bizarre. Squire
Llewelyn (Dodwell) ; scarlet flakes, Figaro (Aber-
crombie), .John Bull (Dodwell). Constance Heron.
Heavy rose-edged Picotee, from Mr. Turner, was the
only Picotee certificated this year. The premier
Carnation was Admiral Curzon, the best Picotee
being Baroness Burdett Coutts.

In the year 1&81 the exhibition was held on
July 19, and several new flowers of excellent quality
were exhibited ; but no certificates were awarded.
The premier Carnation was Fred. S.B. ; the best
Picotee being Mrs. Chancellor. The year 1882 was
marked by the exhibition of many new flowers,
which were awarded First-class Certificates. The

July 23. 1887.]

THE GARDENEES' CBi^ONlQlE.

101

exhibition was held on July 25, and was of unusual
excellence. It was remarked in the Gardeners'
Chronicle for that year, vol. xviii., p. 151, " that the
progress which has been made in the development of
tlie Carnation and Picotee during the last four or
rtve years has been truly remarkable." First-class
Certificates were awarded to the following Carna-
tions :— Scarlet bizarre, Alfred Hudson (l)odwell) ;
C.B., W. H. Hewitt (Douglas) ; P.P.B., William
Skirving (Gorton) ; K.F., Tim Bobbin (Gorton) ;
border Carnations, Mrs. P.age (Uuffield), Florence
(Wallington); Picotees certificated were Mrs. Gorton
(Simonite), Esther, Minnie (Dodwell) ; premier Car-
nation, Kobert Lord ; premier Picotee, Mrs. Payne.

In 1883 July 24 was the date of the exhibition, the
First-class Certificates awarded being to Rob Key
(Gorton), Henry Cannell (Dodwell) ; border varie-
ties, Royal Purple (Veitch), Sir B, Seymour
(Veitch). The premier Carnation was Robert Lord,
and the best Picotee, Jlrs. Payne.

July 24 was the date of the exhibition in 1.SS4 ;
the Veitch Memorial Medal was given on this occa-
sion to the most meritorious exhibit. The best
Ciirnation was Master Fred, and the best Picotee
^furiel, both seedlings of Mr. Hewitt, of Chesterfield.
First-class Certificates were awarded to the follow-
ing Carnations : — Joseph Crossland (Simonite), S.B. ;
Mrs. F. Whitbourn (Dodwell), C.B. ; Crimson King
(Dodwell), C.B. For Picotees. the highest award
was given to Juliet (Fellows), L.P. ; Duchess (Fel-

■> ^ -^^ .\- ^ ^ --^-.J^ii,,, fj,/ ■!>- ait

PLOS-JOVIS.

lowes), H. scarlet ; Maude (Fellowes), L. rose.
Messrs. Veitch were awarded First-class Certificates
for border Carnations Mrs. Glen, Miss Mary Ander-
son, and Harvester.

July 28 was the date of the exhibition in 1885,
and a good display was made, although the previous
hot weather told against the flowers. First-class
Certificates were awarded to Carnations Rosamond
(Douglas), C.B. ; Grace (Douglas) P.P.B.; Margaret
(Douglas), R.F. ; Picotees, Dr. Horner (Horner),
L.R. ; premier Carnation, Rob Roy ; premier Picotee,
Favourite.

The exhibition for 188G was held on July 27,
but new varieties now require to be of great merit
before tlie judges will grant them certificates,
and but three awards of the highest class were given

to new varieties, viz., to border Carnation General
Stewart (Veitch) ; pnrple-edged Picotee PoUie
Brazil (Anstiss), and to yellow Picotee Annie
Douglas (Douglas). The premier Carnation was
Rob Roy (Gorton), and the premier Picotee Mrs.
Payne (Payne). It will also be interesting to
growers to note that, at the ten exhibitions Mr.
Douglas, of Ilford, lias been awarded premium for
the best bloom in the exhibition ten times; Mr.
Turner, of Slough, six times ; Mr. Dodwell, of
Oxford, twice ; and Mr. Hewitt, of Chesterfield,
twice. There may be, and doubtless are, diverse
opinions as to the desirability of maintaining these

Fit;. 2:j.— THf-: HVBB[D.

special exhibitions as they are at present. Those
who hold different opinions, and who are at the same
time interested in the Carnation and Picotee, would
do well to ventilate the question, but there can be
no doubt that the object for which this Society was
instituted has been attained, viz., a revival of the
interest in the Carnation and Picotee, and this vastly
increased interest has been abun(^ntly manifested in
the plcasiu-e the culture of these lovely flowers has
given to scores, perhaps hundreds, of amateurs. As an
instance of this 1 may say that one large trade
grower told me that in 1877 their trade in the Car-
nation and Picotee was so small, that they did not
trouble to propagate their own plants. Now, in
1887, they propagate and sell readily 30,000 plants.
Other gi'owers can tell of a vastly increased trade,
not only in the fine florists' varieties, but the best
class of selfs are much more grown as border plants
than they used to be. J. Dmiijlas.

Thk ClXinARIA.

It is sufiiciently known that these useful spring
flowering plants may be grown from division of the
plants or offsets, as easily as they can from seeds.
The plants having flowered late were placed in a frame
in a shady position to induce them to start into
growth before good offsets could be obtained. AVe
remove them from the plants with a portion of roots
attached and pot them separately in small or large
60-sized pots, using good light loam to which have
been added leaf- mould and decayed manure. The
plant requires rich soil to gi'ow in from first to last,
but must not be overdosed with strong manure else
a tendency to gi'ow too robust is induced and very
large leaves are produced but not such good flowers or
so handsome a plant as might be produced with milder
feeding. A good compost for them is turfy loam
four parts, leaf-mould one part, decayed manure one
part; and some sliarp white sand if thought neces-

sary to keep the compost open. It ought also to be
taken into account that some varieties have naturally
a tall straggling habit, and make strong growths.
These latter may not require such a rich compost,
half as much mivnure only being used. Our
young seedlings have also been pricked out ;
at the first, about a dozen plants are placed
in a 5-inch pot, in about three weeks shifting them
singly into small pots. The fine varieties to be
obtained by purchasing a packet of seed of the best
strain have almost rendered it unnecessary to grow
named varieties, which in fact are not easy to obtain
in the trade. Nevertheless it is as well to bear in
mind the fact that if really good seedlings are ob-
tained they may be increased easily enough by
])ropagation by offsets in June and July, which are
l)erhaps the best months for the purpose. The plants
do best on coal ashes, in a cold frame, with its back
placed towards the south, and even then it may be
essential to lightly shade the plants during the
hottest part of the day.

The Pink.

Although the Carnation and Picotee have received
a fair share of attention during the last few years,
the beautiful laced Pinks have not increased in
])opular estimation in the same ratio. There is no
society for the special encouragement of the Pink,
and it is not brought before the public with the
same prominence. If it was there is no doubt that

Fig. 31 .— LV( H .15 COI OXAKIA.

there would be found persons who would prefer the
Pink to the Carnation. Carnation and Picotee
blooms can be grown of better quality when the
plants are kept in pots ; on the other hand, Pinks
succeed best when planted in the open ground, and
the beautiful lacing on a white ground shows to the
best advantage when the flowers are fully exposed,
and not shaded at all. Pink shows were veiy
popular about fifty years ago. The late Mr. John
Keynes, of Salisbury, told me that in his early gar-
dening days they had five or six Pink shows in Salis-
bury in one year, and they were usually fi.xed for
dates between the 18th and 24th of June inclusive.
The old gi'owers were very p,articular that no faulty
flowers were present in their stands, none with split
pods, dropped petals, or run petals. A run petal in

102

THE QABPENERS' CHBONICLE.

[July 23, 1887.

a Pink is discerned by no white being observable in
tlie centre of the petal. They are now shown
on cards, like Carnations and Picotees, bnt this
was not allowed in those days. Pinks are pro-
pagated by "pipings," that is, small growths or
" grass," are taken off in the form of cnttings, and
planted over a gentle liotbed, where they soon form
roots.

When nicely rooted the plants shonld be put out
into a border of fine soil, at about 3 inches apart,
where they will make nice bushy plants by the end
of September, when they may be planted in the beds
in which they are intended to flower. Rich deep
soil is essential to the production of large well-laced
blooms ; and if the beds can be prepared a month or
two previous to planting so much the better, Of
course this will cause a part of the garden to be bare
ofplantsata time when every inch of ground should
be covered. The question in this case would be
whether the future improvement in tlie quality of
the flowers would not more than compensate for the
short period the ground was allowed to lie in a fallow
state. The beds on which the lianunculuses. Ane-
mones, or Tulips were grown might be prepared at
once for the Pinks ; and if the soil could be exposed
in a rough state to the weather it would be thereby
improved ; but some persons object to this, and like
■to see all vacant spaces raked smooth.

The forcing Pinks should now be planted out in an
open space of ground, about 10 inches or a foot
between each plant. They will make vigorous
specimens by the end of September, when they must
be taken up and potted into 5 or 6-inch pots, accord-
ing to the size of the plants. J. Doiiglat,

CONSTITUENTS OF RAIN,

DRAINAGE, AND AVELL WATERS.

A VALUABLE paper has recently been contributed
to the Journal of the Chemical Society by Mr. H.
Warington, of the Rothamsted Laboratory, of which
a reprint is now before us.

Tills subject has been followed up most syteniatic-
.ally in tlie laboratory and field experiments of Sir
J. B. Lawcs for many year.i p.ast, and the object of
the present commnnication was to bring together
tlicse results, and to trace tlie connection between
the composition of rain, drainage, and deep-well
waters.

Rain-water.

The primary source of all drainage and well-water
is rain. The rain has been collected at Rothamsted
since 1853 in a large gauge, having an area of
1-lOOOth of an acre. The following tables bring
before us in a concise form the average amount of
some of the constituents of these waters.

Tadle I. Showi.\g the Amounts of CnonixE, Sii.i'iuhu;
Acid (Akhvdhide), and A.mmonia in RAiN-WAri:n at

KOXHAMSTED, HEKTS.

1. Clihrm:.—Av!

raje of .Vii

e years, 1877-86.

Raiofnll.

Chlorine.

Month.

Per Million
otKnin.

Pounds
per Acre.

.taimary

Inches.
2-21

3-36

1-70

February

2-61

2-65

l-.Mi

Slarch

1-40

3-4S

110

April

2«

1-77

0S18

Mny

2-43

1 13

0 80

.Juiio

2 72

115

0 71

July

2-70

083

O-.iO

August

301

1-06

0-7:J

Sojitcmbcr

3-00

1-22

0-83

October

3-,3(j

2-73

2-01

November

3-.30

2-68

2-00

December

2-38

271

1-415

April— September

l(i-3l!

1-23

4-54

October— March

15-29

2-85

i)-8li

Whole year

81-6.5

3.01

14-40

2. ^Snlphnric ynf'ydridc.—Avernge of Five Years. 1881— 8t3.

I J. .SuIob".r.'.t liiinydndp.

Month, i'

January

February

March

April

May

•Iwly

August

September

October

>'ovember
December
April— September
October— Mnrch
Whole year

Nitrogen as Ammonia.

1-43

2-21

2-151

0-44

0-2.58

2-18

11-48

0-236

2-33

0-39

(1-210

3-01

0 30

02U4

3-71

0-26

0-221

3-2.5

0-23

0-109

2-135

0.34

0-202

1. Chlorine. — The average proportion of chlorine
present in the Rothamsted rain-waters is thus shown
to be 2 01 per million of rain; this proportion, with
a rainfall of 31-65 inches, amounts to 1-1-4 lb. per
acre in a year, which is equivalent to 21 lb. of pure
sodium chloride (common salt). The amount in the
six winter months is seen to be rather more than twice
as great as it is during the summer half of the year.

2. Sulphuric Acid. — The average proportion of sul-
phuric acid in the Rothamsted rain-waters during
five years has been 252 per million. This proportion,
with a rainfall of 3022 inches, amounts to 1726 lb.
per acre per annum. The quantity in summer and
winter is very similar.

3. Amtnonia.—Ihe determination of .ammonia in
the monthly rainfall at Rothamsted gives an average
proportion of 035 of ammoniacal nitrogen per
million of rain-water, on an average of five years.
This proportion amounts to 2 4 lb. per acre in the
year, with a rainfall of 3022 inches. Tliere is shown
to be a distinct excess of ammonia in the summer
months.

DnAINAOE-WATEUS.

Of tlie rain which falls upon a soil a considerable
portion is evaporated, either from the surface of the
soil, or through living vegetation. When the amount
of rain exceeds tlic amount of water evaporated from
the land, a portion of the rain-water passes down-
ward through the soil, and appears as drainage-water.
The composition of this drainage-water is the main
factor which determines the composition of well-
waters. In the investigations at Rothamsted tlie
composition of drainage-waters, both from uncrojiped
and unmaniired land, and also from land both
cropped and manured, has been ascertained.

Drainaoe-water FiiOM Unchopped and Unmanukkd

L.IND.

There are three drain-gauges at Rothamsted,
which consist of rectangular masses of soil, having
an area of 1-lOOOth of an acre, and depths of 20, 40, and
(10 inches respectively. Tlicse m.as9es of soil wore part
of an arable field ; tliey were isolated without being
disturbed. They are supported below by perforated
iron plates, and are surrounded by walls of brick
and cement. The water percolating through these
soils is collected and analysed. The soil is in every
case a heavy loam, mixed with fiints, and having a
clay subsoil; it has been unmanured since 1870, and
has been kept free from vegetation.

1, J .Muiit of Brainmfc. — It ajipears from the
results that with an average rainfall of 3104 inches,
there has been an annual evaporation of 17*01)
inches from the surface of the bare soil, w-hilc an
average of 13-95 inches has percolated to a depth
exceeding 5 feet, and appeared as drainage. Eva]ior-
ation is naturally most active during the summer
months, and the amount of drainage is then at a
minimum. With October the period of considerable
drainage commences, and continues till the end
of February. In these five winter months the aver-
age drainage has amounted to 9--14 inches, ■^vllile in
the remaining seven months of the year the drainage
has been but 451 inches. It is by the autumn and
winter drainage that the supply of water to the wells
is chiefly effected.

The dependence of the proportion of drainage on
the amount of evaporation is strikingly brought out
by comparing summer and winter months having a
similar rainfall. Thus in August, with 2-50 inches
of rainfall, 1-97 inch evajiorates, and 0-53 inch
appears as drainage ; while in December, with
255 inches of rainfall, the proportions are reversed,
only 061 inch evaporates, and 1-94 inch appears as
drainage.

2. Composition of Drainage-Water. — The total
quantity of chlorine in the yearly drainage from the
soils of the drain-gauges is found to be practically
identical with that present in the annual rainfall.
The chlorine in the drainage-waters from the two
drain-gauges averages 1463 lb. and 1405 lb. per
acre ; while that in the rainfall during the same
period is 1440 lb.

It is evident, therefore, that any chlorides originally
belonging to the soils of the drain-gauges have been
thoroughly washed out, and the quantity now present
is entirely due to the amount supplied by the rain.

Though the total quantity of chlorine in the
drainage-waters is identical with that in the rain, the
proportion of chlorine per million of water is nearly
doubled ; that in the rain being 201, and that in the
drainage-water 3-9 per million. This increase in
the proportion of chlorine is a natural consequence
of the evaporation that has taken place from the soil
nearly one-half of the rainfall has evaporated from
the bare uncropped soil, and the proportion of
chlorine found in the drainage-water is thus almost
double that in the rain.

But when ive turn to the nitrogen occm-ring in the
drainage-water the case is very different.

The total quantity of combined nitrogen in the
annual rainfall was found to be about 4-4 lb. per
acre. The nitrogen in the form of nitrates in the
drainage-waters from the two unmanured and un-
cropped soils amounts to 40 23 lb. and 3877 lb. per
acre. The drainage-waters contain mere traces of
ammonia. A small quantity of organic nitrogen,
equal to about 2 lb. per acre per annum, has been
found. The total amount of combined nitrogen in
the drainage-waters is thus about 40 — 42 lb. per
acre per annum. This large production of nitrates
in these soils is due to the oxidation of the nitro-
genous organic matter of the soil, brought about
through the action of a bacterium. Tliis nitro-
genous organic matter of soil consists chiefly of the
accumulated residues of previous vegetation.

Determination of nitrogen in the soils forming the
drain-gauges showed the presence of 3500 lb. of
nitrogen per acre in the first 9 inches, and about
13,000 lb. to the depth of 60 inches.

3. Generals Conclusions. — The general bearing of
these facts upon the character of the drainage- waters
which furnish the supply to w-ells may be briefly
summarised as follows : — If the land fonuing the
surface of a large drainage area were without vegeta-
tion and unmanured, and the soil similar to the
Rothamsted lo.ara ; if, moreover, the rainfall were
similar in quantity and composition to that of Roth-
amsted, then the water p.assiiig downwards to form
deep-well water would contain about 4 jier million
of chlorine, and 10 to 11 per million of nitrogen as
nitric acid. The quantity of water in the wells
would vary, the maximnin depth of water occurring
at some later date than the period (October to
Fi'bruai-v) of nmxiniuni drainage from the surface.

JcLY 123. IS87.1

THE GABDENEnS' CilBONICLE.

103

The composition of the water would, however,
remain constant throughout tlie year, excepting the
percolation took place in part through open channels
communicating directly with the upper soil.

With soils more or less nitrogenous than that at
Kothamsted, the proportion of nitric'acid in the well-
water would vary, but the proportion of chlorine
would be constant, unless the composition of the
rain-water, or its degree of concentration by evapfir-
ation from the soil, were atfectod. John J. Wilfif^,
UarpeiK^cn.

CTo be continued.)

which a circular plate of hard steel of a larger
diameter is fixed, wherewith the cutting operation is
performed, and a kind of small plough or share is fixed
by the side to raise and cast aside the cut off strip
of turf. The implement can also be set for cutting
turves of any required thickness and size, and can, in
light soil, be worked by one man ; but in heavy soil
would require the assistance of another man or boy.
A groove cut in the roller near the steel plate allows
of a line being used to indicate the width of turf to
be cut, the line being kept in position by simple iron
hooks.

Foreign Correspondence.

FOREIGN TRADE IN CUT FLOWERS.
The trade in cut flowers from Holland to foreign
countries, and especially to England, had increased
last spring to such extraordinary dimensions that it
is expected that the trade in flower-roots will be
much damaged thereby. Owing to the rage of
speculation, the foreign markets were, during the
flowering period of Hyacinths, Tulips, and other
bulbous plants, so over-stocked by the flowers of
these plants that their value was reduced nearly to
nothing. The growers of and dealers in bulbs arc
generally of opinion that such transactions must be
stopped for the future, and in consequence the Royal
General Union for the Cultivation of Flower-roota
at Haarlem held an extraordinary general meeting
on July 11 last, and there a resolution was taken to
do everything possible to get all growers of bulbs to
engage not to sell or to send out any cut flowers of
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Ranunculus, and
Anemones, e.xcept for exhibition purposes or for
small samples, under 3 kilogrammes in weight. Be-
sides, there are other measures in preparation that
will be adopted with the view of making this trade
in cut flowers impossible for the future so far as it
can be done. In consequence of these eff'orts to stop
this cut-flower trade, it is expected that a good
influence will be felt in the bulb trade for the coming
season. J, H. Krelage, President of the Hoyal General
Union for the Cultivation of Flower-roots, Haarlem.

Young English Gardeners and Foreign Travel.
I notice in your number for July 16, p. 80, that you
mention some young foreign gardeners as being much
better educated than those of a like class in England
[German, Danish, aud Swedish especially]. How is
it? I ask. Do they gain their knowledge at school, or
afterwards, I am inclined to think, afterwards, for the
following reasons:— In the many nurseries I have
visited in Germanyand France I have found but a very
small percentage of Englishmen (and those generally
the sons of nurserymen) as compared with the number
ofGermans and Frenchmen found in English nurseries
although in the same nurseries I have often met young
men who have been in at least one other country than
the one they were born in ; and tliese latter are almost
always superior to those who have never crossed their
own fi'ontier (not in money, but in intellect), conse-
quent upon their having seen more of the ways of the
world and of cultivation. Why is it we do not meet
Englishmen abroad as we do foreigners in our nur-
series ? It cannot be because the foreigners are richer
— in fact, those in England are generally anything but
rich. The answer would, I sujipose, be that wages
abroad are so little, and expenses so great — the gene-
ral idea, I believe ; but I maintain that the wages and
expenses of a young nursery hand in England and
abroad would be exactly parallel with one another.
If English gardeners were encouraged to go out and
see a little of the world, I think they would gain ex-
perience both in horticultural and social aflfairs, and
their education would then be quite equal to any of
the Continental gardeners. This matter will, I hope,
receive the attention it deserves. B. M. P.

Lawn Edge and Turf Cutting Implement.

Mr. J. C. W. Heins, town gardener, Bremen, has

overcome the difiicultiesthat have hitherto beset the

various implements of this kind brought out. It

consists mainly of a small roller, to one end of

FOREST CONSERVANCY IN
CANADA.

The lovers of forestry and sylvan culture generally
must hail with pleasure the knowledge of the likeli-
hood, at no distant time, of a thorough system of
forest conservancy being adopted by the Goverment
of the Dominion of Canada, It may be said that,
seeing the vast area of natural forest in our
Western dominions, it is surprising that this has
not been thought of sooner ; but while there lias
not existed hitherto any central Forest Department,
individual dependencies, such as New Brunswick and
Nova Scotia, have not been altogether neglectful of
their forest resources. Now, however, that these
different provinces have been amalgamated in the
Dominion, it has been found necessary, we under-
stand, to endeavour to organise a proper Forest
Department as a branch of the Department of
Agriculture.

My attention was particularly drawn to the im-
portance of this subject, by having put into my
hands a condensed report of a paper read by Mr.
Hooper before one of the sections of the late Colo-
nial Exhibition on "The Ilard-woods of Canada,"
and while foresters may not concur in all the conclu-
sions arrived at by Mr. Hooper, his paper is a most
valuable one on the subject, and in many important
points demonstrates the necessity of the adoption of
a proper and scientific system of management, as a
means to produce most valuable timber in Canada.
I am glad to learn that this paper has produced good
results by arousing interest on the part of the
authorities in this most important subject, and that
awakened interest is taking practical shape, by Pro-
fessor Saunders being now instracted to organise (so
report says) a Department of Forestry in connection
with the agricultural experimental stations proposed
to be established in different parts of the Dominion.

This has long been a favourite subject with Pro-
fessor Saunders, and the best guarantee that it will
be carried to a successful issue is the fact of it being
relegated to his management. That there are many
difficulties in carrying the work through must be
evident to every one, because it is not confined to
the actual conservancy of the vast tracts of primeval
forests which extend from the Atlantic seaboard to
the west of Lake Superior. This of itself is a work
of no ordinary magnitude, the importance of which,
from an economic and commercial point of view is
equally great ; but a Forest Department must also
gr.apple with an equally great, less profitable directly,
aud more scientifically difficult question, viz., the
afforesting of the vast prairies of Manitoba and the
North-West Provinces. We cannot conceive of any-
thing calculated more to develope the great agricul-
tural resources of this immense territory than the
judicious distribution of tracts of plantations through-
out these parts of the Dominion.

The climatic influence of trees on large open plains
has been, we think, thoroughly proved ; we there-
fore feel sure that nothing will tend to equalise and
ameliorate the extremes of temperature in this rich
.agricultural region more than tracts of plantations,
hedgerow trees, and the encouragement of tree
culture around the homesteads of the West.

Whatever may be the system eventually adopted,
we are sure, under the enlightened direction of Pro-
fessor Saunders, that no effort will be wanting on his
part to make it successful.

The evident effect of conservation and affores-

tation being slow, and only developing itself after
many years of hopeful toil, it is quite possible tliat
legislators may be inclined to be at first rather
chary of granting the means necessary to prosecute
the work in an eJective manner. AVe would, how-
ever, venture to hope that the importance of the
subject will induce the thoroughgoing statesmen of
the West to look ahead, and grant Professor Saun-
ders such a staff of qualified coadjutors as will enable
him to carry on the work in a way calculated, in the
shortest reasonable time, to make the forests of
Canada not only an enhanced source of national
wealth, but also mater.ally increase the prosperity,
and gi-adually promote the agricultural value of the
large grain growing districts lying to the west ot the
great forest area.

Too much attention cannot be attracted to this
subject, and as one deeply interested in forestry
generally, I ventured to trespass on your space
with the view of evoking home sympathy in such
an important departure in the economic politics
of our great Western possessions. C. F. France, Aber-
deen.

THE SEED TRADE.

CAnnAfiES. — The representative of one of our
largest wholesale seed houses in London informed
me the other day, that their annual sales of one of the
leading kinds of Cabbage— say the Nonpareil type —
w.is from 70f)0 to 8000 pounds weiglit. Now, seeing
that 7000 pounds represents &lh cwt., or just over
3 tons, one is compelled to exclaim with Dominie
Sampson, " Prodigious ! " It does appear an astound-
ing quantity, but the English nation are great Cab-
bage eaters : and Spring Cabbages, when tender and
well-cooked, can tempt the appetite of the most
fastidious. If all the Cabbages sent into Covent
Garden Market in one twelvemonths were counted,
wliat a sum of figures it would make !

The Cabbage is a native plant, found on the cliffs
of Dover, and on the coasts of Cornwall, Dorsetshire,
and Yorkshire. Attempts must have been made to
improve this wild plant and render it more service-
able for domestic purposes, centuries ago. Philip
Miller, as far back as 1731, enumerated several
varieties, among them the Early Battersea, the
Sugarloaf, the Savoy, Large Battersea, and the
Red Cabbages were in cultivation. In the space
of forty-five years, the varieties have increased
almost tenfold, and were all the names under which
Cabbages are now sold to the public collected
together, we should be surprised at its length.

Of the smooth-leaved Cabbages, there are about
six distinct types, viz., the Sugarloaf the Yorks, the
Nonpareil, of which EUam's Early Dwarf is an excel-
lent selection ; the Little Pixie, a type that comes
midway between the Sm.all Nonpareil and the Yorks;
the East Ham, which represents the fine market
Cabbages all over the country, and the Drumhead,
which though properly a cattle Cabb.age, is yet grown
in many places as a table variety. The Winnigstadt,
a Continental variety that is gi-adually finding its
wav into cultivation in tliis country, differs from the
foregoing in the close and compact manner in which
the leaves forming the head are wrapped round each
other, and the consequent greater hardness and firm-
ness of the head ; it is a medium early variety, and
bein" of a hardy character is also adapted for field
culture. It may be said to be a good garden variety
also, and when a trial of Cabbages was made at the
Uoyal Horticultural Society's Gardens a few years
ago the Winnigstadt was highly approved of.

The Sugar-loaf Cabbage — once a very great
favourite among gardeners, and which has a head
like a reversed sugarloaf, has its outer leaves erect
like those of a Cos Lettuce. It is a very old variety,
and it is said to be well known in every country in
Europe ; and though once highly approved because
of its deliciously tenderness it is grown but very
little now, and the sales of seeds is merely
nominal. The Sugarloaf Cabbage has this advan-
tage— it can be sown in autumn, and, growing tall
and slender, it does not occupy a gi-eat deal of ground ,

104

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July Si, 1887.

and the plants can be placed close together. The
York Cabbages are among the oklest, and are sup-
posed to have originated at York, lience their name.
The Early York is one of the earliest, but it has
become largely superseded by the Nonpareil types,
on the ground tliat they are of a superior cha-
racter in point of quality. Tlie York Cabbages
have a peculiar shape — the outer loaves, which
do not assist to form the head, are five in
number, and bent b-ack in a contrary direction. The
Large York is simply larger in all its parts than the
preceding, and in consequence of its large outside
leaves takes up a great deal of room. The O.Kheart
is a Trench variety between the Large York and the
Sugarloaf, and is regarded as an excellent sort for
cattle feeding, The Early Etampes Cabbage is an
Early Oxheart, a first early, small, and with a
pointed habit of growth. The Nonpareil is an old
and very popular type of garden Cabbage, and now
much grown, being very tender and of superior
flavour. Of new types of this Cabbage the Cocoa-
nut and the Heartwell may be mentioned, as they
are but good selections from it. Two old and well
known varieties come into this group, viz., Sliilling's
Queen and Wheeler's Imperial. Ellam's Early Dwarf
appears to be identical with Beck's Early Premier,
a selection made twenty-five years ago from tlie
Nonpareil. It is a very fine selection from the Non-
pareil type, cone-shaped, tender, early, and of
superior quality and flavour. Little Pixieisaverysmall
sort of Early York, or midway between this and the
Nonpareil, and very useful for sowing in spring to
have Cabbages in the autumn, thus securing a crop the
same season. Closely related to tlie Early York and

■ Nonpareil are Atkins' Matcliless, Barnes' Eariy
Dwarf, Cattell's Early Reliance and Queen Nonpareil —
a group of second early varieties, falling in after the
Y'orks and Nonpareils. The East Ham is the typical
market Cabbage, and under this heading we may
place such names as Daniel's Defiance, Enfield Mar-
ket, King of the Cabbages, Early Battersea, Early
Rainliam, Wellington, London Market, Manchester
Market, Pearson's Conqueror, Myatt's Early Offen-
ham, and Mein's No. 1. All these resemble each other

■ in the actual class, varying only a little in shape and
e.irliness ; all are excellent market varieties, ol fine
quality and good in flavour. Hill's Incomparable
comes into this group also. The Drumhead or cattle
Cabbages are grown in very large quantities
now for feeding purposes and prove a valuable
food. No difficulty is experienced in growing
them to a large size — to a half-hundredweight each ;
but they must be planted on good land. One of the
best types for cattle feeding is Robinson's Champion
Ox. The St, John's Day Cabbage is of Drumhead
shape, and German origin ; is now verv largely
used in the colonies, but not much grown here.
Tlie Drumhead Cabbages are great favourites with
the Americans ; in America the flat-headed Cabbages
are preferred to the pointed ones, perhaps because
they suit the climate better. A pound weight of
seed of Drumhead Cabbage will sow an acre of land.
One large wholesale house gets through 20,000 lb.
weight of Drumhead Cabbage in a season, and that
for exclusively English use ; this shows the extent to
which Drumhead Cabbages are grown in this country

The Colewort Cabbage is a small hardy type now
largely sown as an intermediate crop ; the .seeds are
sown generally in April and May, but also at all
times when it is required to do so. The custom is
to sow in drills in the open ground, and then thin
out the ])lants and plant them out thickly, and when
fit for jjulling, they are tied in bundles and sold .as
bunched greens. The Rosette Colewort is but a flat-
topped rosette-like form selected from the commoner
kind, but the latter is preferred by the market gar-
deners. The seed of Coleworts is saved mainly in
Essex.

The seeds of garden Cabbages are sown from
March to August. The 10th of August is a kind of
traditional date with some growers, but some will
sow as early as the 20th of July. In northern
localities the early Cabbages are best sown in si)ring.
The best garden Cabbages are Ellam's Early Dwarf,

t'le Nonpareil, and the best types of the East Ham.
The best market Cabbages are the finest seletions
from the East Ham type ; the Nonpareil
is also included for sowing at special times.
The representative of one gf the largest whole-
sale houses informed me that they grew annually
30 to 40 acres of early Cabb.ages, and from GO to 70
acres of the main crop varieties and Coleworts.

In growing for seed gi'eat care is requisite to keep
the types distinct, so that the high character of certain
varieties is maintained, and it is necessary to make
selections every year of the finest foi*ms for seed
purposes, for it is found that, unless this matter be
attended to. Cabbages quickly degenei-ate, becoming
leafy and devoid of heart. Cabbage seeds being
gi'Own in very large quantities, if not rigidly selected,
would naturally produce a very inferior article of
mixed character. Growers, therefore, watch care-
fully the development of the plants, and destroy all
infei'ior ones, and this leads sometimes to the
destruction of one-half of the crop in order to secure
a superior type. The fertilisation that goes on by
means of insects leads to degeneracy in the type.
The roughest Cabbages produce the most seeds.
Cabbage seeds are grown mainly in Essex, the soil
and climate both being suitable. Then the seed
growers of Essex are trained to the work, they
understand it thoroughly and make a business of it.
Hundreds of acres are devoted to Cabbage evei-y
year in this fertile county; the produce of an acre
depends a good deal upon the character of the
season : it may range from 5 cwt. to 10 cwt. per aci-e.
The red Cabbage is a very old type. It pro-
bably originated long ago, and an}' record as to
the occurrence, it may be assumed, does not exist.
The red Cabbage is used exclusively for pickling,
and more largely so in Yorkshire than in any other
county. But it may not generally be known that
the white Cabbages are as good pickled as the red
one, but the red colour is preferi-ed. The seed of red
Cabbages is saved mainly in Yorkshire, and, indeed,
it is found necessary to do it miles away from
where white Cabbages are being seeded ; even with
the greatest care red Cabbage will sport to a pale or
wholly white character.

The Thousand-headed Cabbage, or the Sprouting
Cabbage, is being increasingly grown for cattle
feed, and is taking the place of Rape seed for this
purpose in many places, and the sale increases
rapidly. It is of such excellent flavour that it is not
infrequently used for table purposes when winter
stuff is scarce.

The Kohl Rabis, or Turnip-rooted Cabbages, are
both green and purple ; the green is most in demand
here. These roots are much employed on the Con-
tinent, and when cooked in asuitablewayarevei-ynice.
The Kohl Rabi will grow on lighter land than Swedes
— indeed, on land that will not produce Swedes, such
as the fen lands. The sales of seed vary according to
the extent to which other seeds are grown for feeding
one of our large wholesale houses has disposed of as
much as 10 tons of seed in a season. Large quanti-
ties of Kohl Rabi are grown for seed in Germany,
but the best stocks ai'e grown at home, and seed is
saved from them. The Kohl Rabi is supposed to be
a true hybrid between a Cabbage and a Swede, but it
is a conclusion that is open to doubt. In Italy the
swollen stem is often eaten before it has gr'own as
large as a hen's egg.

The Savoy Cabbages, it has been supposed, take
their names from having been introduced from
the country bearing that name. In the case of
these the leaves are blistered instead of being
smooth ; this circumstance is traceable to the
fact that the spongy substance of the leaves is deve-
loped more rapidly than the nerves or veins, and
consequently become raised above the level, not
finding room enough to grow flat in the space
between them. They are more tender than the
smooth-leaved varieties, and they frequently suft'er
much from severe frosts. Still they are becoming
greater favourites than ever, and as a winter vege-
table they are regarded as eminently sweet and
palatable. The leading variety is the Drumhead,

with its hard, flat, drum-like top ; and the small
green curled is also very popular. An average sale
of the Drumhead bv a wholesale house would be
5000 lb. weight.

It is said that after the Cabbage became a recog-
nised article of food in this country consumers had
to depend upon a supply from Holland. Then a Sir
Anthony Astley introduced it to cultivation in
English gardens, where it has remained ever since
as a staple vegetable. The soldiers of Cromwell
first introduced the Cabbage to the North of Scot-
land, and the historian records to the credit of this
grim uncrowned king that " Cromwell was a great
pr'omoter of agriculture and the useful branches of
gardening, and that his soldiers introduced all the
best impi"ovements wherever they went." Pisittn.

BROOM-ROOT, OR MEXICAN
WUISK.

Ik a recently issued Consular Report on the trade
of the State of Vera Cruz for the year 1886, under
the head of Broom-root, the following paragraph
appears : — " Broom-root is a comparatively new
export ; it is found in immense quantities on the
Mexican plateau, and is only exported from Vera
Cruz. It is used Largely in the manufacture of
scrubbing and other brushes. As will be seen from
Annex D, the great bulk of this important article is
taken by Germany, America, and Fr*ance, English
manufacturers not having yet appreciated its value
and cheapness."

Annex D here referred to is a return of the value
of the principal articles of export from Vera Cruz
during 1886, and from this return it would seem that
the value of the so-called Broom-i*oot amounted to a
total of £58,633 made up as follows :— England,
£2285 ; United States, £17,965 ; Germany, £23,787;
Fi-ance, £13,696; Spain, .£416; other countries,
£483. Thus it would seem that " Broom-root " is a
sufficiently important article to command some atten-
tion, not only as regards its commerce, but also its
botanical origin. Upon making inquiries upon the
subject, of a wholesale London brush-maker, I am
informed that Broom-root is identical with
Mexican whisk, or as it is very often called
French whisk, a name given to it by merchants
for the purpose of keeping others in the
dark regarding its origin or place of production,
so that the trade may be retained as much as possible
in their own hands. This Broom-root, Mexican cr
French whisk, can be bought in the English market
at from 3('. to -id. per pound. This is little used
here on account of its inferior quality. A large
proportion of it, when made into brushes and
thoroughly dry, is brittle, and bi'eaks off, and for
this reason it has never found favour in England.
The Germans and French mix it with Venetian
whisk, the roots of Chrysopogon gryllus, and use
it extensively in the manufactui'e of dandy brushes,
which they export to this country at exceedingly
low prices ; the production of an inferior article,
however, has apparently spoilt the trade for
these brushes, which is gradually diminishing
on .account of its unsatisfactory character. The
brushes thus manufactured and imported into this
country are mostly clothes brushes, carpet brushes,
and velvet brushes, but it is not so much used for
gci'ubbing brushes. The Venetian or Italian whisk
is so much superior to the Mexican that it realises
from dd. to Is. 3rf. per pound, according to length,
and this is the article mostly used by brushmakcrs
in this cormtiy.

The question as to what plant furnishes Broom-
root or Mexican whisk has yet to be settled. The
roots are much thicker, more wiry, and much mor-e
brittle than those of Chrysopogon gryllus, but, mixed
with it, it is not easily detected. I am indebted to
Mr. Hemsley for pointing out to me that one of the
common gi'asses of the Mexican plateau is Bouteloua
curtipendula, and further inquiries may show that
Broom-root is furnished by this or an allied grass.
JofiH li. Jackson, Curator, Miiseiim, Kfw.

July 23, 1887.]

THE GABDENEnS' CHRONICLE.

105

Fruit Register.

STRAWBERRY OXONIAN.

Mr. G. T. Miles has this very fine late Strawberry
in grand condition just now at Wycombe Abbey,
lie has line after line of its plants, about three years
well established, that are bearing marvellous crops
of fruit, large, well coloured, and very showy. Mr.
Miles speaks of it in the highest terms, and regards
it as being a better frnit than Elton Pine. Straw-
berries are well grown at Wycombe Abbey. They
are heavily mulched in spring, Mr. Miles holding the
opinion that as the tendency of well-established
plants is to thrust their crowns up out of the soil, it
is necessary tliat top-dressing be freely given, so as
to bring the soil well up about the crowns. Plenty
of room is given to the plants, and the earth between
them is forked over in autumn, care being taken not
to disturb the roots. Mr. Miles renews liis planta-
tions once every three or four years at the farthest.
But some sorts appear to be curiously uncertain :
British Queen, for instance, does not appear to do
so well at Wycombe Abbey, but the sorts that do
well, produce not onlv fine crops, but fruit of excel-
lent flavour. E. D.

JPQLANS REGIA PB.EPABTDnlENS.

Within two rods of our oflice stands a young tree
of the English Walnut, prseparturiens, planted four
years ago, when a seedling two years old. The tree
at this writing (June 1) is well provided with fruit
blossoms, just ready for the fertilising pollen — but
the pollen is lacking, no " catkins " having appeared ;
and if we do not succeed in finding suitable pollen in
the neighbourhood to apply artificially, the tree will
remain sterile from the same cause that it has for
now three years — lack of pollen. The J. pricparturieus
shows its perfect willingness to bear fruit .it a
very early age, by the development of numerous
fruit blossoms. The male blossoms (catkins), how-
ever, are hardly ever produced until the tree
becomes quite large. Hence, if planted within
reasonable distance of bearing Walimts, which can
furnish the needed pollen, the tree will bear very
young ; otherwise it may not bear earlier than the
common variety. We were too late to find pollen of
the English Walnut, all the catkins having dropped ;
so we applied pollen of the Black Walnut very freely,
in the hope of causing the prajparturiens to retain
and mature its fruit. In this we were disappointed ;
all the enbryo nuts, after slightly swelling, having
now withered and dropped. This indicates either
that we cannot rely on Black Walnut pollen for the
fructification of English Walnuts, or that the pistils
were past the receptive state when the pollen was
applied. The latter appears to us the more likely.
American Orchard and Garden.

Forestry.

INSECT PESTS.
These are a fruitful source of injury to trees, par-
ticularly to Conifers, and can only be successfully
dealt with during the early summer months, for then
they are more easily seen and fonnd than when their
dormant forms are assumed during the cold weather
of winter. Only now and again, however, do the
terrible ravages of particular insects assume so
serious an aspect as to attract public attention in
this country ; but when we consider how a knowledge
of these insect-pests is all-necessary in many, indeed,
the majority of cases, to the successful culture of
plants, the only wonder is that so much ignorance
exists amongst those who are responsible for the
welfare of the woods and plantations placed under their
charge. The Pine beetle (Hylurgus piniperda) (fig. 2.5)
is a dread enemy to coniferous trees generally, and,
what is worst, it has usually got well established in a
plantation before its presence is detected, be the
forester ever so vigilant in his outlook for such,

Numerous cases have been brought under our own
notice of late years of the rapid increase of this beetle
in certain districts, and tliat where it had never been
noticed before. In one instance a whole nursery of
young Pine trees — Austrian, Corsican and Scotch —
had to be destroyed, so rapidly did the Pine beetle
increase in numbers; while in another case which
came directly under my own notice nearly all the
plants of Pinns Laricio in an average-sized planta-
tion were att'ected with this beetle, and their
leading shoots totally destroyed. As this par-
ticular wood was at an elevation of nearly 1000
feet above sea-level, I was for some time
puzzled to make out how the beetle had become
transported thither, but my surmises were soon set
at rest, for amongst the recently felled branches in
an adjoining young plantation their presence was
soon detected, and from whither they had, no doubt,
found their way to the young and closely adjoining
plantation. This case should act as a warning
never to allow branches to lie about, as they are but
fosters for innumerable insect pests, the best way to
deal with all prunings being to burn them on the
spot should they not be reiiuired for faggot making.
In the case of the Pine-beetle the grub is usually
found in decayed wood, whereas the perfect state or
beetle usually selects the last year's growth of almost
any of the Pine family, but invariably the leading
shoot, and, gnawing a hole in it at a short distance
from the point, works its way into the centre of the
shoot, and then upwards till it arrives at tlic leading

Fkt. 25.— the pixe-beetle (hvlurgus pimperda).

or terminal bud, where it bores its way out again.
Generally speaking this is one of the worst insect
pests with which the forester is troubled, and, once
it appears, no time should be lost in getting it
exterminated. A. D. Webster.

The Orchid Houses.

The WAitstEST Division. — Galeandra Bauerii,
now in flower, should have liberal treatment when
growing; it does very well suspended about 1 foot
from the roof, in the PiiaUcnopsis house, and
must be supplied with abundance of water until
the pseudobulbs are fully developed and tlie
foliage shows signs of ripening, after whicli time
scarcely any water should be given until growth
recommences. Dendrobium stratiotes deligiits in
great heat, as do D. Harveyanum, D. bigibbum, D.
Lowii, D. Bensoniaj, D. phaheuopsis, and D. Dearei.
Plants of D. formosum giganteum that were kept
dry during winter, are now growing vigorously under
similar treatment.

The Cool-houaes. — In the Odontoglossum-house,
■where the sphagnum moss grows freely, the base of
the new gi'owths soon becomes hidden by it ; this
might do good in keeping the plants moist and cool,
but I think it often causes the foliage to become
weak and drawn, so that when developed it has
scarcely strength enough to bear its own weight. I
do not suppose they get this clothing of sphagnum
in their native habitat, therefore we make it a rule
to examine the plants about midgun^mer, and take

away tlie overgrown moss, and pinch oil" the green
heads, to top-dress other plants with ; at the same
time dipping and cleaning any plant that may require
it, also washing the pots and stages, after which tlie
plants remain clean for some time.

Mhcellancous. — If the fires that heat the Kast
Indian and Cattle3'a-houses have been let out they
should be put in readiness to light again as soon as
rainy or dull weather sets in. Phahenopsis will often
sutler when the night temperature falls below 05'^
without artificial heat, when tlie atmosphere is
highly charged with moisture, whereas in winter, at
the same temperature, they would be quite safe.
Cattleyas and Ladias also will lose their newly
made pseudobulbs in the same way. The least heat
in the pipes is sufficient to cause the air to circulate
C. Woodford, Duwnaide.

MiLTONIA (OdONTOGLGSSCTM) VEXILLARIA.

If we are to go by the prices obtained for it at the
Orchid sales, this handsome Miltonia, notwithstanding
the large importations of it, is not so plentiful in nur-
series as it used to be, its popularity having caused a
great demand for plants. It is a pity the flowers last
such a very short time when they are cut from the
plants ; they will fade even with the greatest care in a
day or two, whereas even during tlie present hot
weather the flowers have remained in good condition
on the plants in the cool house for a month. Our large
specimen, which was so well figured in the Gardvncrs
Chronicle last autumn, was in flower a month, and on
July 8 we cut off", to relieve the plant, the spikes
with the flowers still quite fresh. It had this year
sixty-four spikes, on which were 365 flowers. It not
being possible to count the flowers when they are
fully open, we take the precaution to count the
flowers when tliey are in bud. As soon as the
flowers are all cleared off, the plants are dipped into
a solution of tobacco-water and soft-soap to clear
them of thrips I formerly repotted the plants once
in two years, but now this U done annually, and
the roots soon push through amongst the fresh
compost, in which they aeeni to revel. "When the
plants are of moderate size and gi'owlng freely, they
should not be pinched for pot-room, but may receive
good shifts ftt each repotting.

Plants and Their Culture.

Lachenalias. — These pretty Cape bulbous plants
amply repay any pains taken in growing them, by
the free way in which they blossom in the spring,
when they can be turned to good account in
the conservatory. They are adapted either for
pot or basket culture, and particularly when
utilised for the latter purpose. Their culture is
simple, yet the plants are often overlooked in gar-
dens at the present season, receiving injury by being
allowed to make considerable growth before being
repotted. As soon as there is a symptom of root
growth they should be turned out of their pots and
sorted, about nine of the largest bulbs being sufficient
to place in a G-inch pot, which is a suitable size to
use. In potting the bulbs should be so imbedded
that their tops just reach the surface of the compost,
which should consist of loam with a moderate
quantity of sand and leaf soil. The undersized bidba
may be planted closer together, and grown on to a
flowering size. Both sets of plants should be placed
upon a bed of coal ashes in a cool frame, be freely
ventilated, and sparingly watered until a good start be
made. Triteleias are also useful early flowering bulbs,
that succeed satisfactorily when subjected to similar
treatment as the above.

Hedychiums.
Of these we grow the following sorts only: — H.
coronarium, H. Gardneriannm, and H. G. Sad-
leri : the last-named is a fine form of the pre-
ceding. The species require a cool stove tem-
perature and roomy pots and rich compost.
Plants that have made good stems and conse-
quently considerable root progress, will need
copious supplies of water and moderate applications
of liquid manure until they complete their growth,
for the quality of their sweetly-scented flower-spikes
depends mainly upon the strength of their gi-owth.
They are well adapted for conservatory embellish^
ment when in blossom, and form, when arranged
in groups, attractive objects. T/ianm Coomhcr, The
Ilendrc Gardens,

106

THE GAliDENERS' GHEONIGLE.

[Jdly 23, 1887.

SUBSCB.IBEBS TO
n^SE GARBENERS' CHRONICLE

-* xvho experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delicery hy post, the cover should be
fonoarded with complaint),

W. RICHARDS, .11, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

GARDENERS' OHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
NOTICE to CurresjiunJents, Adi-erfisers, Sub-
scribers and others. The Registered Address
for Forei'/n and Inland Telegrams is
" GAllDCIIRON, LONDON."

NOTICE to sUIiSCRUSERS and OTHERS.
Post-ojfice Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office.

No. 42, DRURY LANK

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

mllE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

-L Vol. I.. Tliiril St-ries, JAK. to JUNE, 1837.

W. BICHABDS. 41, WallipgtQU Street. Strand. W.C.

rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

J. IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, iucluding Pontage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Mouths.

Agent tor America :—C. H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street,
Philaiieliihia. U.S.A.. to whom American Orders may be sent.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETINGS.

( Royal Horticultural Society : Couu-
I cil, and Scientitic, Fruit and
.TULy 26/ Floral Committees' Meetings.

j Scottish Arboricultural Association:
' Aununl Jleeting.

SHOWS.

,,,,,. „. t Miscellaneous Show at the People's
• ^" -' t Palace, Loudon, E. (two days) .

i National Carnation and Picotee So-
Jl'LY 215 . ciety'3 Show (Southern Section),

( at South Kensington.
.ItTLY 23— Royal Oxfordshire Horticultural.
July 29 ' "°5'''>1 Horticultural of Absrdeen

TfKJRSQAY,
FRtDAY,

TUESDAY.
THURSDAY,
FRID.4Y,

'\ (two days).

; Liverpool Horticultural Associa-
I tlon (and on the following
.TutY 30.' Monday).

1 Royal Southampton Horticultural
V (and on the following Monday).

SALES.

T,,-.. ofi ( Orchids in Flower, at Protheroc &,
JULY 26^ Morris' Rooms.

TitiY oo (Importatic

JULY _»^ T^ a„„.1.

not see the magnificent samples, whether of
flowers, fruit, or vegetables, which come into the
market or which are exhibited at the leading
exhibitions in London or the provinces, have no
idea of the comparative inferiority of their own
productions. It may be \ery good and very
creditable under the circumstances, but for all
that it may be inferior to that furnished Ijy
regular growers for market.

Then there is the question of packing, the
importance of which, in spite of all that has
been said, is apparently not yet fully recognised.
The very finest samples, badly packed, are often
worthless on arrival. We can thoroughly sym-
pathise with the dealers in this matter. Of the
hundreds of plants sent to us for name, or of
fruits sent as samples, it is the exception to see
one properly packed. The samples leave their
destination, it may be, in excellent condition,
but the sender too often ignores the fact that his
packages have to bear the brunt of a long
journey in the posl^bag or in the railway-van,
and that (in our own case, at least 1 the p.tckaje

reply, which it will, we are sure, be for the
general benefit to publish : —

" In reply to your letter of this morning, we sent
tlie small box of Strawberries packed in light ijaixh-
inent-])aper. Tliey were packed in two layers ; a
soft bed of tissue-paper was first placed in the bo.x,
and upon this, to cover the bottom and the side, a
sheet of ]>archment-paper, which is impervious to
moisture, was placed. Tlie fruits were tlien one by one
carefully laid on the paper, a gentle pressure given
to fix them in position, and prevent them from
moving loosely about when filled. Of course, we
avoided bruising them, and endeavouied to fill up
the interstices as much as possible. Another sheet of
paper was jdaced on the toji. and upon tliis the second
layer was laid in exactly the same manner as the
previous one. This was covered by another sheet,
and on the top of it a buffer of tissue- paper rolled u|i,
or crumpled up, in the hand. A more elaborate way
for more delicate fruits tlian those of Paxtou is to
lay each berry iu a 8e])arate slip of parchment-
paper, and similarly jtack in layers. MV* have found
the paper much superior to leaves, as there is no
dirt, no fading and decaying leaves, which are any-
thing but pleasant when combined with bruised
Strawberries. We ]iay about M. jier ]iound r(jr the

FlO. 5C. — HYBRID TACSONIA.

Sepals and petals removed to show the petal-like stamens and the i

C0MPLAINT.S as to the low prices
Fruit" w'hich the growers obtain in the

London markets continue to reach
us, and \-arious suggestions are made with a view
of remedying the grievance. A\'e are always
ready to open our columns to any fair statement
on either side, more than this we can hardly do,
unless it be to point out some of the causes which
lead to dissatisfaction on one or both sides. In
the first place there are dealers and dealers, some
men of the highest respectability, and others less
well known. And there are different kinds of
consigfnors. The amateur who sends small quan-
tities to market at irregular intervals must ne-
cessarily always be placed at a disadvantage as
con^parefl with the professional grower, who may
be depended upon to send consignments of average
or superior quality in fair quantity at any time
according to season. Moreover, the small grower
very ofteii sends his goods, considering them to
partake of the nature of swans when more ex-
perienced judges, having the command of much
larger quantities from various parts of the
country, see in them nothing but geese.
Growers who only see the produce of their
own or their neighbqur's gartluns, *nd dp

may have to undergo a second journey before it
reaches its destination, and may have to remain
unopened for some considerable time — sometimes
a day or two.

It is pleasant when we meet with an excep-
tion. Such an one occurred in the case of a
consignment of Strawberries which lately
reached us from Messrs. "\V. Lovel & Sons, of
Driffield. The fruit was an excellent sample
to begin with, comprising good specimens
of Sir .loseph Paxton, Filbert Pine, Presi-
dent, and British Queen. It had a railway
journey to London, transit to this office, further
transit into the suburbs. On arrival at their
ultimate destination it was conlidently expected
that what with the shaking the package must
have received, the heat of the weather, and the
time that must have elapsed since the picking,
the fruits would have been half-way at least on
the road to jam. To our surprise this was not
so. The proportion of bruised fruit was very
small — the great majority were in excellent con-
dition Struck with this result, we communi-
cated with Messrs. Loy'f.i, as to their method of
packlijg, wi)o obliged us \vith the following

]iaper, but had we to use a large t|uantity we could
obtain it much cheaper. W. Lovel ij- Son."

It is not long since an elaborate

The Weather j ^^ jj ^^ ^j j^^gj ^^

and the Plants. '^ . , l t, 1

vegetation was issued by the l{oyal

Horticultural Society. This is the most complete
thing of its kind yet published, but it is a question
whether the Society should not undertake to col-
lect facts as to the effects of the present extraor-
dinary season. In the meantime, as the Society
may possibly object to incur further expense in
this direction we may suggest that it would be of
interest if some of our correspondents would
furnish us with their experiences as to the beha-
viour of particular crops and particular plants,
together with such details as to soil and water-
supply as may be requisite.

A\'e know of one garden in which nearly half
the Rhododendrons in a large bed are burnt and
shrivelled — actually cremated, while others in
the same bed with the same exposure are still
flourishing. Osmanthus ilicifolius and green-
leaved ."VuBubas in the same garden are nearly

Jdlt 23, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' ClfBONICLE.

107

in as bad a plight, while the common Ancuba ia
uniujureJ. Phloxes, as might be expected, are
shrivelled up ; Chrysanthemums have made
no growth, Roses came all at once, of excellent
quality but short duration. Henry Jacoby
Pelargonium has the centre of each truss
burnt up; even Clematis .TaclcmanniX shows
the effect of the drought, or the heat, or
both, hy the sm.illliess of its flowers. Peas

give a sulHcient record of the effects of the
weather in these two cases.

Hybrid Taosonia.— In our issue for July 9 we
liaJ occasion to alhiJe to a curious hybrid Tacsonia
raised out of T. insignis by T. Volxemii by Mr.
S-MYTHK, Basing Parii Gardens, and we took occasion
to describe the very singular malformed flowers
wliich were the result of that cross. At the time wq

Kaustkn in the Fhra of Culoiidiia was apparently a
similar malformation, but was made by that author
the type of a new genus. We append Mr. Ander-
son's letter, and thank him for the reminder. He it
was also who first brought under our notice the
splendid Tacsonia which wg described and figured
under the name T. insignis;—^

" I enclose flowers of Tacsonia, a hybrid between
insignis and Volxemii ; you at the time thia was

Fia, 27. — riMn of a viwa garden, axd section op the grocno. (sbs p. 109.)

have dried up. Lettuces have run to seed,
Plums have dropped their leaves, other fruit trees
have dropped their fruits, Pyrethrum uliginosum,
like the Phloxes, is suffering, while P. uligino-
sum is still flourishing, and all the better for
being dwarfed ; and Stenactis speciosa is also
uninjured. We indicate these facts with a view
of eliciting other information of a like character
which may be of interest. Our annual report
on ths fruit and Potato crops, which will be
puljlj«he4 on August 6 and 13, will doubtless

overlooked the fact that ilr. Andeeson, gardener,.
Sowerby House, Hull, had sent us, so long ago as:
1875, flowers of a hybrid raised from the same
parentage, and the jieculiar malformations of which
were figured in our issue for August 7, 187o, and were
of the same character as those in Mr. Smythe's
flowers (fig. 26). The foliage of Mr. Anderson's plant
is more like that of T. Volxemii, while that of Mr.
SaiYTHE more nearly resembles that of T. insignis.
To those interested in the history of hybridisation
the whole story may be commended as one of sin-
gular and uuHsua! interest. The pJint described by

raised — ten or more years since — suggested that it
should be known as T. insignis X Andersoni. I at
the time raised m.any seedlings, all having the same
character of flower. This hybrid if fertilised with
insignis reproduces that variety both in flower and
leaf, having all the parts perfect. If fertilised with
Volxemii, the leaf of that sort is restored, but my
plants thus raised are not yet in bloom ; I expect the
flower will be perfect. I have crossed this and both
parents with pollen from some of the Passifloras, but
although I produced seemingly perfect fruitand seed,
tlie latter had no germ, so that out of hundreds of
seeds I have had no plants. As a decorative plant,
T, AndersoB) X is not equal to either of its parents,

108

THE GAEDENEnS' CHEONIGLE.

[July 23, 1887.

altlioiigh very nice in late autumn and early winter.
The fruit of tliis variety is Pear-shaped. liohert
Antld'^oii."

Honours to Horticulturists.— Dr. Ed-

WAED VON ]{eqel iiucl I'rofessor Dr. H. G, Reichen'-
BACH have received fi'om tlie King of Saxony the
Komthurkreuz, Second-class of the Order of Al-
BRECHT ; and M. Adolphe d'IIaene, of Ghent, and
Mr. Sander, of St. Albans, have received the Rittcr-
ki'euz of the same Order.

LiLlUM BROWN!.— Mr. Ware sends us a flower of
tliis Lily which received a First-class Certificate at
the Royal Horticultural Society lately. It is a hand-
some Lily,with bold, short, lanceolate leaves, and a ter-
minal, recurved, very fragrant flower, about 5 inclies
long, trumpet shaped, with the tube slightly distended
in the middle ; the segments are oblong, yellowish-
buft', shaded with dark violet on the outer surface.
It has been called viridulum.odorum, andjaponicum
but its correct namejs that here given. It is figured
at t. 8 of Elwes' Monograph.

The London Boulevard Association.—

This Association, wliicli lias worked so much good in
beautifying the neglected squares, disused church-
yards, and other places in the more crowded parts of
London, opened on Monday, July 18, the large
burial-ground of Stepney jiarish church. The cere-
mony was performed by Her Grace the Duchess of
Leeds in a few touching words. Lord Dorchester,
and many friends of tlie Association being present.
The little pavilion was, said the Rev. E. Hoskyns,
the Rector, exactly over the spot where, in the
time of the Plague of London, 200 bodies were
buried. The ground dealt with is about 7 acres
in extent. Trees, beds and borders of shrubs,
with flowering plants at the margins, a rockery,
broad gravelled spaces, basin and fountain, and
excellent turf, make this one of the pleasantest
spots to be found in the East end of the town.
Limehouse churchyard was likewise opened ou
Thursday', July 21. The area here is about 3 acres,
inclusive of the ground occupied by the chui-ch
itself. Notwithstanding the reproach of unhealthi-
ness, poverty and dirt, so frequently cast at tliis part
of East Loudon, its death-rate is stated to be much
lower than that of many parts of the West-End.
The wide main roads, the nearness of the Thames —
an excellent lung for this portion of London— and
the alertness of the parochial authorities in all
matters pertaining to public health, having tended
to promote the high sanitary record of the district.

The Use of the Leaves.— We commend the
following letter to the special attention of our Grape-
growers. The matter is not only of cardinal im-
portance to tliem as practitioners, but it is of high
interest as a matter of vegetable i)hysiology. We
know of no experiments exactly similar. Our own
impression would be, that the bunches derive their
main sujiplies of food from the old canes from which
they spring, and tliat the work of the newly-produced
leaves is mainly, but not entirely, to act as feeders to
supply the stores in the old wood, and not to feed
the young bunch except to a limited extent. But
the whole question is one of such great interest and
importance that we hope our correspondent will con-
tinue his experiments, and let us know the results :—

"By injirching young shoots of different sorts of
Grapes, as early in the season as possible, on each
other, I have endeavoured to see the effect of the
leaves on the fruit. In a vinerv with diflferent sorts
growing side by side I took voiing shoots as soon as
they were strong enough to bear manipulation,
inarched them on the neighbouring plants, left them
till well grown together, and then cut them awav
about the time that the Grapes were thinned'.
Several examples have now been cut away about two
months, and are going on well. I should like to
know if anything of the kind has beni triid befori',
and if it is possible to say bifcuvliaiid wliat
influence (if any) foreign leaves Ihat is the h-avcs of
another variety— have on the Gra|)cs. ( liic cane
in my experiment has foreign leaves below tlie

bunch, another foreign leaves above, a third has
foreign leaves above and below and no leaves
of its own at all. If the leaves really are pre-
paring and supplying the materials for the fruit,
I should expect to find their influence, at least
in the last case, on the Grapes, especially as
regards colour and flavour, and that should be easily
detected in this case. If the experiment is not tried
before, and you wish it, I shall be glad to send you a.
couple of examples for inspection when ripe, which
they will be in about three weeks. M. P. Andersen,
Gimnai-storp, Swiden." [Please do so. Kd.]

Officiers D'Academie.- M. Rocx, of Mar-
seille, and M. Baltet, of Troyes, have received this
distinct inn.

CrinUM MooREI. — The 7?(C«p Horikole for
July 1 gives a coloured figure of this species, which
is a native of Natal, but hardy at Glasnevin and in
AVestern France. Cultivated in jiots, M. Axdue
recommends a rich well-manured soil, abundance of
water during growth, and free ventilation. The
plants require repotting once in two years.

The "British Moss Flora. —Dr. Bkaith-

WAiTE has completed the tenth ]mrt of his Si-ilish.
Muss Flora, comprising the Tortulaeea; and the
Weberacea?. We cannot overpraise the loving care
and thoroughness with which this work is executed,
alike in the text and in the ])lates, and which render
it an honour to British science. It is published in
parts by the author at 303, Clapham Road.

" LiNDENIA." — The second volume terminates
with the announcement that henceforth the periodical
will be issued from the residence of M. Lccien
Linden, 100, Rue Belliard, Brussels. The plants
figured in recent numbers are :— •

THclwueiitmm albo purpureiim var. striatum, t. 85.
— A variety difl^ering from the type in the dull
orange-coloured segments— which have a brighter
yellow edge, while the lip is marked with numerous
violet stripes.

Cirloffi/nepamturata. t.SG.— This is as interesting
as it is beautiful, but it does not take with amateurs.
Its large green flowers are sutticiently remarkable,
but in addition there is a lyre-sliaped lip, with
two upturned side lobes, both the disc and the
lobes being marked with large spots and blotches
of the richest shining black. It is a native of
Borneo.

Caitleya Schilleriana var. Amaliana, t. 87. — A
variety with the perianth segments purplish-brown,
with a few spots of a darker colour ; lip three-
lobed, side lobes curved inwards over the stalk of the
lip, front lobes transversely oblong, all whitish, with
ft dense reticulation of violet nerves. It was im-
ported by JI. Bleu from Brazil.

Oncklium \Varsccwic:tt, t. 88. — A species with
erect raceme-like clusters of yellow flowers, in which,
however, the flowers expand from above downwards.

Caitleya Kindjalliana, t. 89.— A species or hybrid
with narrow, oblong, whitish sepal."!, broad refle.xcd
petals of the same colour, lip white with the anterior
lobe rich magenta, the throat yellow with lilac
stripes. Messrs. Linden and Eodiqas, who publish the
form, would consider it intermediate between C.
Triauic and C. Eldorado splendens, were it not for
the fact that these two species arc geographically
far removed. The plant is a native of Venezula.

Galeandm Jlawola, t. 90. — The flowers of this
species have linear sepals and petals of a pale
brownish colour, while the shovel-shaped lip is pale
yellow.

Calanthc Regnieri, t. 91. — A species with pseudo-
bulbs constricted in the middle, and with flowers
with white segments, while the three-Iobed lip, lijce
the column, is of a rich rose colour.

Angrrecum Ellisii, t. 92.— A jiretty small-flowered
species with the flower-segments and long spur pure
white. The flowers themselves are borne in pendul-
ous racemes.

<hhmti)glossmn Coradinei var. grandijljriim, t. 93. —
Yellow, with chocolate spots.

PhaUeiiopsis Liiddcmaimiaiia, t. 94. — White, with

closely set transverse violet bars ou the sepals and
petals.

Masdevallia Veitehiana, t. 9."i. — Flowers orange,
flushed with violet.

Selcmpedium caudatitm var. gigantea, t. 96. — A
variety remarkable for its very large flowers and
robust habit.

Hyacinths at Haarlem. — We understand

that in consequence of the unusually cold weather of
tliis spring, in and about Haarlem, the growing crops
of all sorts are very backward this season, and there-
fore the flower-roots, especially the Hyacinths, will
most probably not arrive at full maturity at the
usual time, and consequently exportations may be
somewhat later than usual.

The " Botanical Magazine." — Recent

numbers of this valuable publication contain illus-
trations of the following plants : —

Oxera piikhella, LauillardiEbe, t. G938. — A hand-
some Verbenaiieous climber allied to Clerodendron,
and a native of New Caledonia. The specimen
figured came from Sir Geobge Macleay's garden.
It bears shortly stalked, lanceolate glabrous, obscurely
crenate leaves and pendulous axillary clusters of
curved white bell-shaped flowers, each about 2 inches
long, with two projecting stamens. This is one of
the handsomest stove plants recently figured, and, so
far as we know, has not previously been flowered in
British gardens.

Jii-hmea mgriophylla, Bakek ex Morren MSS., t.
(5939. — Under this name Mr. Baker describes a
Btemless Bromeliad, with tufts of long sword-
shaped channelled spine-toothed leaves surrounding
a central stalked much branched panicled cyme.
The cyme branches are spreading, and each bears
two rows of flowers. The calyx is pinkish, half the
length of the deep violet corolla. Native of Brazil.

Carej: scaposa, C. B. Clarke, t. 6940. — This is a
new species, described by Mr. C. B. Clarke. It is a
native of the Lo fau shan Mountains, on the main-
land, opposite Hong Kong, where it was discovered
by Mr. C. Ford. It is a remarkable species, with
very broad lanceolate leaves, tapering to a long
stalk, and light much-branched panicle of lilac
spikelets.

Pultentea rosea, F. v. M., t. 6941.— A beautiful
greenhouse shrub, figured by us at vol. i., 1877, p.
431, fig. 67.

Iris Vartani, Foster, t. 6942. — A new bulbous Iria
from Palestine, described by Professor Foster in our
columns, 1885, p. 438.

Lonchoearpus Barteri, Benth., t. 6943. — Visitors to
the gallery of the Palm-stove at Kew last autumn
must have been struck with the gigantic climber
with large pinnate leaves and tufts of violet or rose-
coloured flowers, borne in elongated racemes. The
]jlant has long been an inmate of the Palm-stove,
but had not flowered till it reached nearly the top of
the house, overtopping the other vegetation, and
getting the full benefit of exposure to the sun. It
is a Leguminous plant, native of tropical Africa.

Alpinia .:ingihcri)ia. Hook, f., t. 6944. — This is
the curious Siam Ginger, noted by Mr. Watson in
Gard. Chron., 1886, p. 150. Its rhizomes have the
same properties as those of the common Ginger, but
are larger. The flowers, too, are different and
remarkable for the broad li]), with a central yellow
stripe, from which diverge on either side red stripes.
This is a very interesting plant, respecting which
further information is desired, and those interested
in economic botany and the development of the
resources of our colonies will be thankful to Sir
Joseph Hooker for thus illustrating it.

Tillaiidsia Jonghei, Koch, t. 6945. — One of Pro-
fessor Morren's Bromeliads, known in gardens under
the erroneous name of Encnolirion. It has very
broad, entire, strap-shaped leaves, and erect, two-
rowed racemes of flowers, each about 1 — 2 inches long,
with a green calyx half the length of the violet
corolla.

Corijdalis Ledchouriana, t. 6946. — A pretty tuberous
sjiecies, the flowers of which appear before the leaves.
The leaves are glaucous, ternately divided, the flowers

/

r Jolt 23, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CJlRONICLE.

]09

racemose with long pink spurs. It is a native of
North-east Turkestan, and flowered in the garden of
H. J. Elwes. Esq.

■ Strohilanflies ftacckli/olius, t. 6947.— An Indo-
Chinese species yielding Assam indigo, as mentioned
in Fonruxe's Ecsidcncr. in China. It forms an
erect shrub, with lanceolate leaves tapering to
a long stalk, and with long curved tubular violet
flowers, each about 2 inches long. This again is a
valuable contribution to economic botany, and is
suggestive of possible future utilisation.

"Orchid Album."— In the last number of this
useful periodical are coloured flgures of—

LxUa degans, mi: WolstcnJwImice, t. 285.— A vai-iety
originally introduced in 1865, and still rare. The
flowers have narrow segments, white, edged with
purplish-rose ; lip l.irge, white at the base, with a deep
)iurple blotcli. It is .an autumn-flowering varietyj
requiring to be grown in the warmest end of the
Cattleya-house.

Dcndivbium priimdinum, t. 286.— In this beautiful
species the flowers are f inch across with oblong
acute lilac sepals and a large rounded pale sulphur-
yellow lip.

Cattleija MardeUi X, t. 286.— A grand hybrid
raised by Mr. Seden, in Messrs. Veitcu's establish-
ment(see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1879, vol. xi., p. 234).
The sepals and petals are bright magenta-coloured,
tlie lip tri-lobed, the spreading side-lobes are pale
magenta shading to white towards the middle, while
the large middle lobe is wholly bright magenta-purple
bearing a rich yellow stripe down the centre. Flowers
in May and .June. The plant figured flowered in the
collection of Mr. W. Lee.

Dendrobiiim Treachcrianmn, t. 288. — A Boniean
species, resembling some kinds of Sarcopodium, with
erect flower-spikes: flower-segments white with
vinous purple along the centre ; lip dark, port wine-
coloured, shading to white at the edge, It is a
winter-flowering species which Mr. Pow-ELr., Mr.
Betjier's Orcli id-grower, finds to thrive well on a
block cut from the stem of a Tree Fern (Dicksonia).
The present number finishes the sixth volume.
Messrs. Warneb and Williams m.ay be congi-atulatcd
on the serviceable nature of their publication. The
cultural notes are especially valuable.

GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITU-
TION.—The Secretary of the In.stitution informs us
that the Eight Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P.,
has consented to take the chair at the forty-fifth
anniversary festival of this Institution, to he held in
the summer of 1888.

The Prince Consort's Association Show

AT Windsor, July 19.— in tlie large tent adjoining
tlie Koyal enclosure was a fine exhibit from Messrs.
Si'TTON & Sons, Heading, which included a capital
collection of their choice strain of Gloxinia ; six boxes,
in distinct colours, of seedling Hollyhocks, with
flowers remarkably double; white, red, and golden
Mignonette, white Lilies, annual Chrysanthemums,
Calendulas, Larkspurs, and many other varieties of
blooming annuals, biennials, and perennials.

Chevalier Henri Wawra de Fernsee.—

The death of tliis botanist, formerly a surgeon in
the Austrian uavy, and latterly editor of the Wiener
Illustrirtc Garten Zeitung, is .innounced. Dr.
Wawha was engaged in working up the Bromeliaceaj
of the late Edward Moreen's herb.arium, and his
death is a great loss for Austrijiu horticulture and
botany.

Mr. BULL'S Orchids.-Mi. Boll has had quite
a flock of Koyal aud distinguished visitors to see his
Orchids during the last few days.

Seedling Anthuriums. — Anthurium paris-

iense is a seedling from A. Scherzerianum, raised
by M. Bleo, of Paris, and having the spathes of a
delicate salmony rose colour. A. S. var. bruxel-
lense is a seedling from the same origin, but with

spathes of a deep crimson-scarlet colour. The first
named, with its delicate tint, is compared to the
efl'eminate gi'ace ch.ar.acteristic of Paris ! The second
to the robust habit of the Flemings, and especially
of the Brabancons '. The two plants named are
figured in the last number of the I'.iusl ration Horti-
cole, t. Id and 19.

Emigration. — AVc are so commonly asked to
give advice on this subject, and naturally so un-
willing to incur the risk of doing so, that we gladly
again call attention to the circulars issued from the
Emigrants' Information Office, 31, Broadway, "West-
minster. Tliese documents are issued under the
auspices of the Colonial Oflice, and may be relied on
as giving the most autlientic and disinterested infor-
mation as to the demand for labour in any particular
colony, the means of getting to it, and any informa-
tion likely to be of service to tiie intending emigrant.
No gardener should take any steps in the matter
before consulting these documents.

The Puritan.— We learn that the stock of this
Rose lias been purchased by Messrs. Elliott & Co.,
of Pittsburg, for 18,000 dols. This Rose is one of Mr.
Bennett's raising, and is the one, cut flowers of which
attracted so much attention at South Kensington in
the spring, when they were exhibited in a wonder-
fully fresh condition considering that they had made
a voyage across the Atlantic.

Nepenthes Henryanax.— A hybrid raised in
Mr. Williams' establisliment, between N. Hookeri
and N. Sedeni. The pitcliers are large, purijlish-red,
with numerous green spots, the rim of the pitcher is
marked with alternate stripes of gi'een and violet,
the lid is green, edged with rose. The variety is
figured at t. xv. of the last number of the Illustration
Horticole,

Notices of Books,

The Herb of the Field, &c. By Charlotte
M. Yonge, author of the Heir of Rcdchjfe,
Revised and corvected. (Macmillan & Co.)
It is 80 long ago since \ve first met with this book
that we hardly care to take the pains to ascertain
when it was. Suffice it to say we liked the book then
and we like it now. Many things, however, have
changed since then, and this book among them. It
was written primarily for children, and it was well
adapted for its purpose of giving the youthful reader
an insight into the conformation of the commoner
flowers. We know that it was appreciated at the
time, and we think it quite likely that it will be
appreciated still. Nevertheless, the fact remains,
that it was written in pre-Darwinian days, and so
far as we have seen it has not been revised
accordingly. The facts remain, but the significance
of the facts has been rendered marvellously clearer
than it was before. To admire the gi*ace and elegance
of foliage, to wonder at its infinite diversity of form,
to be attracted by the beautiful colour harmonies, or
struck by the contrasts in the flower, to count the
stamens and pistils, and sort the flowers according to
their structure — all this was done in the pre-
Darwinian times, and little else. It was Danvin's
genius, not exclusively but especially, that showed
the machinery in motion, explained the how, the
why and the wherefore, dug down into the past and
soared into the future, till the whole history of the
plant was made to pass before our eyes. Kingsley
had done much the same sort of thing in his way ;
even Ruskin, with all his eccentricities, had shown
that plants and trees were living creatures, and
should be studied as such, and not as mere stones in
a wall. The consequence is that the botany of this
present year of grace is a very different thing to
what it was a quarter of a century ago. Miss Yonge,
however, judging from the present book, ignores all
this : what it was the book remains — at least sub-
stantially. It may, however, be commended as an

introduction to book^ of more modern lore; wherein
the lesson? Miss Yonge seeks to convey are,
to our thinking (having known both), so much
more impressively and io much more completely
conveyed.

Although the work is announced as revised and
corrected there is still room for additional labour in
this particular. One great aim with the writers of
such books is so to write that the readers shall have
in the future as little as possible to unlearn. This
desirable result is not obtained by perverting the
truth for the sake of simplicity of expression.

The First Year of Scientific Knowledge.

By Paul Bert. Translated by Josephina Clayton
(Madame Paul Bert). (London : Belfe Brothers.)
Anything from the pen of the late Paul Bert re-
lating to scientific matters is sure to receive respect-
ful attention. The present volume contains elemen-
tary information on animals, plants, stones, and soils,
physics, heat, light, &c., chemistry, animal and vege-
table physiology. The information is conveyed in
the simplest form and there are excellent summaries
of each subject, leading questions to be answered,
subjects suggested for composition, numerous wood-
cuts, and a glossarial index which might with advan-
tage be extended. Madame Bert, who has translated
the book, is of Scotch birth. We strongly recom-
mend the book for use in schools, and advise young
gardeners who have had no scientific education to
make themselves masters of this little volume which
they may readily do without much expenditure
of time or labour. There are a few statements
here and there which require to be taken with a
little discount, thus, on the first page we are
told that plants never move out of their place, and
feel neither blows nor caresses. These are singular
statements indeed from Mr. Paul Bert, but they
show how difficult it is to preserve strict accuracy of
statement with a popular style of presentment. The
same remark applies to the statement as to the
colourless liquid which exudes from a fly. We sus-
pect French schoolboys are as cruel and thoughtless
as English ones, and if so, they must have had
practical evidence that this statement is incorrect.
In spite of trifling inaccuracies, incident to the
simple style adopted, this little volume will form an
admirable introduction to more advanced treatises.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING.

The few observations I shall make on the prin-
ciples of landscape gardening will be confined to one
or two leading points. The plot of ground dealt with
is but a small one, and does not admit of a great deal of
detail, orthecarryingout of any complex idea, as will
be observed by a glance at the plan, fig. 27, p. 107.
The first thing to notice is the shape of the ground,
its advantages and disadvantages with regard to its
surroundings, levels, aspect, &c. ; then, having fi.xed
the sites for the house and offices that are the most
convenient for utility and comfort, the next, or
second step, is to take note of the surrounding
country, and attempt to bring in whatever distant
views the limited space will allow, and which should
always be considered in choosing the site for a house,
although it should not be treated as of the first con-
sequence, for in our changeable climate aspect is of
infinitely more importance.

Repton wrote in regard to the prospect from the
■windows of a house, that " We have no choice of
moving the point of view ; it is fixed, and must be
station.ary ; it is therefore necessary to study this
■with full attention, and to ascertain what are the
objects most desirable to form this permanent
scenery, and how other objects may be introduced to
vary and enliven the landscape always seen from the
same spot."

By showing lines of sight on this plan I have
endeavoured to point out how, by judicious planting,
distant views may be taken in, and in no way allowed
to interfere with the harmony of the design. I will
now explain the details of pl.an.

no

THE GABDENEBS' Clin 0 NI CL E.

[Jolt 23, 1887.

The design I have chosen is a corner plot of
P'ound abutting on tlie high road, which is planted
with an avenue of Chestnuts, and surrounding it
on two sides. The house (1) stands in a pro-
minent position, with the ground sloping gradually
from it on all sides except the north-east, and has a
large conservatory (2) attached to it.

The lawn (.3) in front of the house has been
levelled and prepared as a lawn-tennis ground ; and
the walk, wliich runs round it, is slightly lowered,
thereby giving the two grassed areas the appearance
of being both in one piece wlien viewed from the
house, or at a distance.

The summer-house (.5) is conveniently situ-
ated, comm.anding good views over the lawn and
p.addock, besides being an agreeable object as seen
from the house. Several flower beds are placed in
advantageous positions, so as to vary and enliven the
different parts of the grounds. The paddock
(4) is divided from the pleasure-grounds by an
invisible iron fence, which does not obstruct or
mar the beautiful views of the hills and otlier
pleasing objects in the distance.

A group of Cedrus Deodara (14) has been placed
sufficiently wide apart at the top end of the lawn-tennis
ground to allow the distant views to be seen, which
would have been obstructed if a shrubbery had been
substituted. The whole of the grounds is enclosed
by an ornamental iron fence and a Holly hedge.
The approach is formed as a continuation of the
high road which gives it a fine appearance.

A convenient road is also made to the stables (9),
house, offices, and kitchen garden (10); the whole
being well screened by planting from the mere private
grounds. Several ornamental flower-beds planted as
carpet patterns are shown (6). The fountain (7),
which should always be an object of beauty in a gar-
den, is effective on this side of tlie house. The beds,
situated in recess (8), are planted with Khodo-
dendrons. Azaleas, Kalmias, Andromedas, Ericas, and
other American plants, and add pleasant features
to the garden in this part. Tlie kitchen garden (10)
is of good she, with greenhouse and vinery (11),
fr.ames (12), and potting and boiler-shed (1.3).
The letters .k, n, on plan show the line of section.
A. G. Jackmait, Landscape Gardener, Woktne).

Cultural Memoranda.

HERBACEOUS CALCEOLARIAS.

Now, and again towards the end of the month,
seed of herbaceous Calceolarias should be sown, to
raise plants for flowering next April and May.
Shallow pans effectively crocked, filled to the rim with
a compost consisting of three parts light sandy loam
and one of leaf-mould, pressed firmly together, should
be used. Sprinkle a little silver-sand over the
surface of the soil, and make the whole thoroughly
moist half an hour before sowing the seed thereon ;
then put the pan .so sown in a handlight in the shady
side of a cool greenhouse or under a north wall out-
of-doors, jiutting a square of glass and a covering of
moss over each jian, or a mat if a handlight be used,
60 as to maintain an equable temperature. The
seed, if good, will come up within ten or twelve days
from the dale of sowing, when, as a matter of course,
the shading must be removed and a little fresh air
given to the .seedlings. These, as soon as they are
large enough, should be pricked out into pans, and
grown on near the glass in a close shady frame,
afterwards potting them into small fiO's, shading thf
)ilants from sunshine, and in due time shifting them
into larger pots, using coarser loam at each shift, and
a sprinkling of coarse river or drift sand. Give the
l>lants more air and light as they increase in size.
Slugs are very partial to the young plants; therefore
their attacks must be guarded against. H. W. W.

CaHNATION GnENADIEn.

By florists who gi-ow Carnations for exhibition
imrposes alone this certainly will not be valued, but
those who have to provide a varied and large quan-
tity of cut flowers will fully n)i]ireciatc its useful

qualities. It is quite hardy, has a dwarf habit, and
freely produces brilliant blossoms, which are beauti-
fully fimbriated. Clove-scented, and very early. It
is in reality almost as floriferous as the common
white fringed Pink, and affords a good succession of
flowers. Plants of it can be raised from seed in a
similar manner to Asters, Stocks, &c., and we find a
very small percentage indeed of them prove to have
single flowers. T. C.

Roses.

NEW ROSES AT THE EDINBURGH SHOW.

The meeting of the National Rose Society this

year at Edinburgh was ons of especial interest in

maay points of view— for the first time it was a truly
National show, for all divisions of the empire were
irepresentcd. Ireland sent its most redoubtable Rose
•growers, Wales was rejiresented, while, as might have
heen expected, both Scotland and England sent a
numerous phalanx of exhibitors. This would have been
still further increased had it not been for the terribly
'disappointing season, which sent so many flowers
"with a rush into bloom, and made the Rose season, in
the South at any rate, a very short one. But as your
reporter has given a full account of the show, 1 shall
"confine my remarks to a subject which is always of
interest to rosarians, who, like the Athenians of old,
are always on the look-out for some new thing, and
to myself personally it was a matter ol inti-rest in
consequence of a statement made by one of the cor-
respondents of the Gardeners' Chronicle in reference
to a Rose of which report had given a good account,
I raran

Knr/f)fI>Kfrrin (A. Dickson & Son, Newtonards).
— I had ne5vr had the ojiportunity of seeing this

Rose, but in giving my views on new Roses 1 had stated
that it had received a nnmberof First-class Certificates.
This opinion was combatted by a correspondent who
signed himself with the very absurd name of " Tame
Rose." His contentions were twofold : 1. That the
authorities who had given it First-class Certificates
cariied no weight ; and that, 2. It was identical with
a Rose brought out three years ago by M. Eugene
Verdier, and called Prosper Langier. As 1 had not
then seen the flower I was not in a position to con-
tradict this latter statement, and waited until I had
an opportunity of seeing it before replying. Messrs.
Dickson & Son exhibited a stand of twelve at
Edinburgh, which not only obtained the prize for the
best twelve of any Rose, but it was awarded a Firs!-
class Certificate by the unanimous vote of the
judges. I may mention that when seedlings are
adjudicated upon, it is the custom of the Society to
ask all the judges to form a committee and decide.
When I say that the committee on this occasion
comprised such growers as Mr. T. li. Hall the Rev.
.1. H. Pembertou, Messrs. Garnet, Hore, Whitwell,
George Paul, Cant, Harkness, and the two Secre-
taries of the National Rose Society, I do not think
that even "Tame Rose" will have the hardihood
to say that they were incompetent to decide. As
to its being like Prosper Langier I can only say that
this opinion is a very extraordinary one. Prosper
Langier is a pure Rose, Earl of Dufferin a shaded
crimson, and neither in form, foliage, nor colour is
there the slightest resemblance. If General .Tacqne-
minot and Duchesse de Morny are alike, then are
these ; but the idea is too absurd, and Rose growers
will hail with pleasnre the advent of a new and
distinct flower in Earl of Dufferin.

Sir liowlaiid Hill (Mack & Sons).— From a fresh
quarter we hail with satisfaction a new and distinct
Rose. Many of the older rosarians will remember a
very beautifully coloured flower, raised, I believe, by
Lacharme — Souvenir de Dr. Jamaiu; it was lovely
in colour, and, I remember, was a great favourite
with my late valued friend, Mr. Radclyffe ; but it
was always too small for an exhibition Rose. Now
Sir Rowland Hill, which is, I believe, a chance seed-
ling, has almost exactly the same colour — a bright
ruby-claret ; but it has what the older flower had not
— size, and will, I think, be a valuable addition to
our show Roses.

Countess of Dufferin (A. Dickson & Son).— This
is a light-coloured Rose, of good form, and with
what Rose growers call a good deal of stuff in it ;
it was not, however, shown in a condition in which
any fair judgment could be pronounced upon it, but
to me it seemed a Rose of consideriible promise.
Wild Rose.

[With regard to the Earl of Dufferin Rose, which
we ourselves advised Messrs. Dickson to show, an
unfortunate omission occurred in our report of the
Rose Show in Edinburgh. This was necessarily
hurried, in order to reach us on the Thursday, so that
Messrs. Dickson's triumphant vindication of their
prolcfje was not mentioned. This w.is the more nn-
Jortunate owing to the unjust slur cast upon it by a
former correspondent. That " Tame Rose " was
mistaken, or incompetent to give an opinion, is shown
by the fact that when shown in Edinburgh the Earl
of Duflerin Rose not only gained a Special Certifi-
cate, but also the 1st prize in its class, among ten
competitors, including Messrs. Cant, Cranston,
Cocker, Smith, Croll, House, &c., the competing
Itoses being Alfred Colomb, Merveille de Lyon,
Baroness Rothschild, Madame Gribriel Luizet, Dr.
Andry, Louis van Houtte, Queen of Queens, &c.,
the judges being the cream of the cream. We men-
tion these details in justice to JMessr.-s. Dickson, and
to the judges of the Glasgow show of last year,
who might otherwise feel annoyed at tlie omission in
question. Ed.].

Home Correspondence.

PHILOSOPHY OF WATERING OUTDOOR PLANTS.
—I did n<.t rx|ic.-t this sul.ii'ct to |iass unelial-
Imslrd, and wciild not «ish Ihi- i-iMilrrs lo f.dl.iw the
.•xanipir of the •.tuibiif, who. wh.Mi lii-< tulor said he
would prove to his .satisfaction that he was right in
a certain problem of mathematics, replied, " That
the Professor need not take so much trouble, for he
would believe him if he said it was so." I desire
that every one should make trial for himself, and
prove what he reads of the several branches of horti-
culture. Further, that he should record the results.

July 23, 1887.]

THE GAIiDENEHS' CHtlONICLE.

Ill

that the cx])prii^nco gained may be of service to
othei's as well a himself, for " in the raultitnde of
counsellors there is wisdom." During the recent
scorchingly hot and dry weather, commencing on
June 15, i selected two rows of Peas of the same
variety and sown on the same day. Each row I
divided into two portions. On one half of the Hrst
row I gave a copious watering every morning about
half-past 'J. leaving the other portion dry ; and on
one half of the second row I gave a watering every
evening about 5 o'clock, leaving the other half dry.
The water employed was pumped from a rain-water
reservoir into a large open and exposed tank. The
average temperature of the water each morning at
the time of using was about G2^ F., and in the
evening about 80^ F. At the present time the Peas
watered in the morning are about (3 inches higher
in haulm, with broader and more vigorous foliage
than those watered in the evening, and those receiving

the water generally being cold. Having decided to
water, it is well to he prepared to cover up the
wet surface with something, such as a light mulch-
ing of leaves, or even soil. Be careful to soak
the soil thoroughly, nut to carry out the practice of
a daily sprinkle. This very trying season will I
know test the capacity of most water supplies, so
that I am sure there will be no need to waste water
on outside work. The water used to syringe fruit trees
which are in a dirty condition can be made useful to
the roots by at once covering up the soil afterwards,
thus keeping in the moisture, and burying some of the
insects. Kitchen garden crops, Peas especially, are
benefited by the judicious use of water and mulching.
To show that it must be judicious, it may be stated that
if a row of Peas be watered with cold water, the result
will be the quick appearance of mildew. Ponds are
a veiy useful adjunct to any garden, the water in
them being warm, and therefore much superior to

Fig. 30.— narcissus madame de graaf x .

a supply of water are from S to 10 Inches higlicr
than those left unwatered. Tiie watered Peas promise
a raucli larger crop than the unwatered, but the
difference between the morning and evening watered
Peas does not appear to be great in the respect of
corn, although the morning watered ones have the
advantage, if any. The same plan was adopted with
two groups of Nasturtium plants, and those watered
in the morning are at the present time far in advance
and much more robust than those watered in the
evening. I do not forget the dew, and would in
no case advise a gardener to wash off an abundant
supply of dew with the water-pot. Let every one
be guided according to circumstances, following the
maxim, "Practice with science." J. J. W.

" J. J. "VV." comes in at the right time with

this. In my opinion undoubtedly watering plants
outside is a practice to be avoided when possible.
Dealing with any established plant or plants, if
water be given let it be before the sun has attained
any great power, and the water given should at least
Iiave been exposed to the air for twenty-four hours.
Town taps and hoses are the source of much evil.

unexposed spring water. '' J. J. W." scientifically
shows the why and the wherefore, so nothing is
needed from me on this point. Now for water at
planting-time: the soil is dust-dry, yet planting must
be done. Why ? Simply water your ground a day in
advance of planting; this will cool the soil for a time,
but a day's sunshine will put this right, and though
there will have been loss by evaporation, all will not be
dissipated. Then when planting you liave a kindly
soil, fit for the roots to gt^t hold of at once ; and as
an aid to rooting, at this period of the year especi-
ally, plant firmly. It is really marvellous to note
the rapid root action in pot-plants ; this is perhaps
more marked with such. Although I object to any
outside watering, yet rather than lose a plant I
would do it. Generally speaking, soil that has been
dug and well prepared is in better order for planting,
as it retains a certain amount of moisture, but after
several weeks of drought a newly dug soil will be
the best in which to plant. S. Castle, West Lynn.

MELONS. — Amongst the many varieties of Melons
now grown by gardeners we find but few that possess

really fine fiavour, and this failing is, if anything,
most marked this waj'm season, when, if at any time,
we should, by reason of the abundance of air given
to plants in frames and houses, have expected the
fruit to be of the finest flavour. It is not very clear
to what this falling off in flavour can be attributed,
unless it be that Melon raisers have by constantly
selecting handsome large fruits, putting the only
true test (flavour) in the second place. We know that
all the Melons we have partaken of lately have a
superabundance of juice, with generally melting
flesh, but not much sweetness, and scarcely a trace
of the true Melon flavour. This latter quality used
to be met with in perfection in such sorts as the
Cabool, Cantaloupe of various kinds, Beechwood,
Green Gem, Golden Ball, and some few others.
These Melons have rather firm flesh, and are not so
melting as the modern kinds, and it is a question if
you can secure a great degree of Insciousness without
loss of flavour from the very excess of sap that
it is the fashion to demand in a Melon. It
may be heresy to many to say so, but we think
better Melons were grown on the dung-bed than
are now grown over hot-water pipes, for the
reason that under the latter system considerable
quantities of water must be given to preserve the
plants in health, whereas the dung-beds are, and
remain, moist till the end of the season, and the
plants grow well and ripen off their fruits with com-
paratively much less water supply. Liquid manure
used in considerable quantity has much to answer
for in tasteless fruits of all kinds, Melons amongst
others. Two of the best Melons raised in recent
3'ears were Colston Bassett and Eastnor Castle ; but
you seldom taste them of good flavour, so much have
they deteriorated by reckless selection, and by inter-
crossing, intentionallv and otherwise, with inferior
kinds. .V.

NARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAAF.— This showy
cross (fig. yo) was ceitificated by the Iloyal Horti-
cultural Society when shown by Messrs. P. Bnrr &
Son at the meeting on !May 10 last. It is alleged
to be a cross, N. Empress and N. albicans being
the supposed parents. It is a large flower, with
white segments, and pale yellow corona, with re-
flexed margins, so that the resemblance to N.
Empress is retained in a marked degi'ee.

CHAM^ROPS FORTUNEI.— This has flowered here
this summer. The plant is a male, about eighteen years
old, and it has not been protected in any way except by
the trees by which it is surrounded. It grows in the
valley near a brook. It must have resisted 22° of
frost. A. 0. jr., Colwyn Bay.

YUCCAS. — I have now two beautiful Yuccas in
flower, of which I send you specimens. One is Y.
superba. This was considered by Haworth and Her-
bert to be a distinct species , but Baker considers it
a variety of Y. gloriosa, and Engelmann of Y. recurva.
Whatever may be its origin it is a very distinct
])lant. I can see no relationship to Y. recurva, and
it dithers from Y. gloriosa in many important par-
ticulars. It is stemless, and the leaves, though very
rigid and concave, are so deeply furrowed that the
plant can be thus readily distinguished at any time.
The flowers are borne on a very close panicle taper-
ing at both ends, and " the profusion of flowers is so
great, that as the lateral branches are rather sub-
erect than diverging, a pin cannot be passed
between the flowers in the centre ot the column."
{Botanical Register, 1690.) The Bowers are pure
white, without any tinge of gi-een. It is figured in
the Botanical Register^ but my plant does not quite
agree with it. The flowers ai-e there shown with a
very red tinge — in my plant the flower-stems and
buds are red, but that colour goes as the flower
expands. It may be, however, that in this hot
weather the colour has gone quicker than usual. It
is also there described as flowering frequently, but
though I have known the plant here for nearly forty
years (and I believe it has been here nearly seventy),
I have very seldom seen it flower. It differs from
Y. gloriosa also in flowering early in the summer,
whereas Y. gloriosa is too apt to attempt to flower
in the late autumn, and so its flowers very often
came to nothing. Altogether, I think it deserves
Dean Herbert's description — "that it is unques-
tionably t)ie most magnificent plant in the flower
garden." The other one is Y. Ellacombei ; the
origin of this is unknown, but I liave always sup-
posed, and now have little doubt, that it is
a hybrid between Y. superba and Y. recurva;
from Y. recurva it would get its narrow, thin
leaves and its loose panicle, while from superba it

112

THE GABDENEJRS' CHRONICLE.

tJuLt 23, 1887.

woiiltl get its upright leaves and its white flowers
tinged with red. I think it the most elegant of nil
the Yuccas, and it is well figured and described in
the /fr/. Hot.. 317, but the description omits one
]iecnliarity by which the plant can easily be distin-
guished— that the leaves are all more or less twisted.
Both these Yuccas are free from the green tinge in
the flowers which takes from the beauty both of
Y. gloriosa and Y. recurva ; and I have not detected
that the flowers open at night, at least not so much
as to be stellate, as in those two species. If any
readers of the Gardeners' Chroiticfe have these two
jilants in flower I hope they will make notes of them.
Henry N. Ellacombc, Bilton Vicarage.

NOTES FROM THE EDINBURGH BOTANIC
GARDENS. — With regard to the plant of Cheiranthus
in the above gardens on which there was a bunch of
briglit orange flowers this year, there can be no
■doubt that both the ordinary yellow and the orange
iblossoms were growing on the same plant, as we
•examined it carefully. It would be interesting, if the
■same thing occurs next season, to try whether the
■orange form could be propagated, and to note the
'diflferences between it and the hybrid C. Marshalli-
:anus, described in to-day's Gardeners' Chranich. Has
;any reason ever been found out for the curious
•changes in the peloric form of Linaria vulgaris,
■or is it supposed to be a reversion towards an
^ancestral form ? [Yes, it is dut^ to the equal growth
■of parts that are usually unequal in their growth. Ed.]
-I enclose a bunch of Apocynum androsffmifoli-
mm, which is a mass of blossoms this season, and
■^•ery pretty. One gi-ows it with mixed feelings of
interest in the ingenuity of its method of fly-catch-
ing, and of pity for the unfortunate flies; it is a
puzzling plant, too, as some days many flies are to be
found captured, by the knob at the end of the
proboscis being "wedged in between the anthers,
when they often straggle or starve to death. (If
still alive, they can be rescued, and quickly set free,
by pinching the base of the blossom so as to separate
the anthers.) On other days hardly a captured
fly is to be found ; yet if they can escape or
avoid capture one day, why should they not
do so another? Very small insects walk
about inside the flower, ap]>arently quite safely, and
bees enter and leave it without hindrance, so that
the plant well desei-ves its name of " American I'ly-
■catcher." It would be interesting to know whether
"in its American home it catches flies enough to be

■ of use as a nitrogenous top-dressing when the plant
dies down. Here the number is too small to be

■ apparently of any use. Can it be an arrangement
to prevent flies from taking the honey w^ithout fer-
tilising the flower, which, probably, the bees could

•easily do, from the way their heads would press
against the anthers? In that case their capture
would preserve the more honey for the use of the

'bees. We find that A. cannabinum is apt to become
a troublesome weed, once it becomes established,
and its small white flowers cannot compare to those

■of A. androsa'mifolium in beauty. C. M.

Societies.

CHISWICK HORTICULTURAL.

■3t»ET l-i. — This Society is rapidly pushing its way
^o 'the ifront among suburban associations, and its
:annual*how, held on the above date, compares favour-
••oblywifli other local shows around London, and the
Royfil l^iorticultuj'al Society's Gardens, where the
exhibition is always held, are most suitable for the
pur])Ose.

Groti/vs formed the leading feature at this show,
several good arrangements being shown. For the
.Tubilee Challenge Cup (value '2ti guineas) presented
by a member, Mrs. Lee, there "n'as a close com-
petition between the groups exhibited — Mr. Brown,
Richmond, desenedly winning the prize, which is
oftcred this year for the first time, and has to be won
three times (not necessarily in succession) before it
becomes absolute property. Mr. lirown showed a very
neat and tasteful arrangement, in which Adiantums
chiefly formed the base, and the flowering jilants
employed were Tuberoses, Liliums, Gladiolus,
Gloxinias, Carnations, and various Orchids ; Crotons
and Draca;nas were good, and the edging was of
Caladium argyrites and Ferns. Messrs. Hooper &
Co., Twickenham, were a very close 2nd, showing
equally good plants, and very tine Orcliids, but the
nrranpenurt was heavy as rompared with Mr.
Brown's. .Mr. Frcwett, Swi.'sXnrperv, Ilammerfmilh.

led well with a group of twenty-five plants in flower,
arranged with Palms and Ferns, securing the Silver
Cup (value seven guineas), also presented by Mrs.
Lee. He had as his most noticeable specimens,
Dendrochilum filiforme, well flowered ; Ixora Wil-
li.amsi, Anguloa Euckeri, Cattleya Gaskelliana, and
Oncidium pra3textum ; the arrangement was very
effective. Here the 2nd prize included the Silver
Medal off'ered by the Royal Horticultural Society, and
which was won by Mr. A. Wright, gi-. to E. H. Watts,
Esq., Devonhurst, Chiswick, who showed well-
flowered plants, which were of a more commonplace
kind than in the former, such as Hydrangeas,
Begonias, Liliums, &c. : there were also a few Or-
chids. This exhibitor took 1st with a group arranged
for efi"ect in 00 square feet, showing a number of
good Gloxinias, arranged with Crotons, Dracaenas,
&c. ; and Messrs. W. Wood & Sons' Silver Medal,
ofl'ered for Begonias fed by their manure, was also
awarded to Mr. Wright for large, well-flowered
]>lants, and he came 2nd for exotic Ferns, where
Jlr. Chadwick, gr. to E. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger
Hill, Ealing, led with capital plants. Large, and in
good condition. Mr. Chadwick was again to the
front with fine-foliaged plants, showing in fine form
Alocasia macrorhiza variegata, and a good pyramid
of Asi>aragus tenuissimus, about 4 feet in height; 2nd,
Mr. II. Davis, gr. to H. G. Lake, Esq., Fairlawn
Honsa, Chiswick, who also sliowed a fine lot.
Ananassa sativa variegata was his best plant. He
took 1st in a class for a group 6 feet by 4, having a
neat and effective show,

Stove and Greenhouse Plants in Floieer. — These
were best shown by Mr. Bates, gr. to Mrs. Meek,
Powlet Lodge, Twickenham, consisting of noticeable
])lants of Bougainvillea glabra, Clerodendron Bal-
fouriana, Allamanda Hendersoni, all heavily flowered
and well trained. 2nd, Mr. Chadwick, with Statice
floribunda, Erythrina Crista-galli, and a well-flowered
specimen of Vinca alba. Selaginellas were repre-
sented by Mr. A. Wright, who showed specimens
of great merit, carrying off 1st prize — uncinata,
Kraussiana and Martensii varieties were the sorts
shown. Fuchsias were also best from this ex-
hibitor, who had fairly large jilants, well flowered,
and of good form. In the class for Caladiums, Mr.
Chadwick made a fine display of plants, and took
1st ; he had Alfred Bleu and Triomphe de I'Exposition
in good style.

Orchids were shown well by Mr. Hill, gr. to H.
Little, Esq., The Barons, Twickenham, and the
leading place in the class was assigned to him ; he
had veiy good specimens, among which were Cattleya
Mendelii, C. Gaskelliana (a pale form), C. Sanderi,
and Cypripedium Veitchii, all excellently flowered.
Tiie 2nd place here waa accorded to Mr. Cowley, gr.
to F, G. Tautz, Esq., Stndley House, Shepherd's Bush,
who also showed well, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum
being specially fine. Mr. Hill also took the Silvei'
Banksian Medal offered by the Royal Horticultural
Society for the best single specimen i>lant in fiower,
showing a fine plant of Cattleya Gaskelliana with
about two dozen flowers on it.

Kon-competing Groups. — Messrs. Lee & Son, Ham-
mersmith, contributed an extensive collection of
plants with variegated leaves, &c., which attracted
much attention, varieties of Quercus, Acer, and Euony-
nius, and Ivies were abundant ; also purple-foliaged
Blums, Peach, &c. Quercus Dainiio is a good orna-
mental sort, with very large and strong leaves of
deep green. Mr. J. Roberts, Gunnersbury Park,
Acton, sent a group arranged for efl'eet, into which
flowering and foliage plants entered in about equal
proportion ; Carnations, Impatiens, Celosias, Cro-
tons, and Palms were the chief items. From Mr.
May, gr. to the Marquis of Bute, Chiswick House,
Chiswick, came a large collection of plants an-anged
in a group, among which wei-e Coleus, Petunias,
fancy Pelargoniums, Hydrangea hortensis (large
heads), with Palm, &c.,in the background— an eft'ec-
tive assortment. Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High
Holbom, staged a collection of annuals, such as were
seen at the recent Royal Horticultural sliow. Mr.
Hill staged a very large gi'oup of Orchids of gi'eat
merit, several plants being specially good, among
which we may name Brassavola Digbyana, Cypripe-
dium barbatum sujierbum (a fine plant), C. b. gran-
diflorum, and Dendrobium Dalhousicanum.

Cut Flowers, ,.fc. — In this division Roses were the
most important feature, T. W. Girdlestone, Esq.,
Sunningdale, Bucks, taking highest honours in the
class for twenty-four blooms, showing very large
flowers, and having good specimens of Ulrich Brun-
cr, Xavier Olibo. and Horace Vernet, a very fine
collection ; 2nd. Jlr. C. Turner, Slough, also a good
lot— best, Alfred Coloi.ib, Hrinri.h Schnltheis.

The York and Lancaster Roses, for which prizes
were offered, were best shown by Mr. Chadwick,
with a good lot. Messrs. .1. Veitch & Son, Chelsea,
and Messrs. C. Lee & Son, Hammersmith, both
staged a large and comprehensive collection of cut
blooms of Roses, not for competition, and showed
very well indeed. Mr. Cowley took 1st for twelve
bunches of cut flowers, showing Orchids, among
which was a good Cattleya Gaskelliana. Mr. T. S,
Ware, Tottenham, staged a small collection of Irises
and Liliums, &c.

Bouijiiets, Buttonholes, and Epcrgnes. — Of these
there were several exhibits, and good competition
generally, Mrs. J. R. Chard, Stoke Newington, Mrs.
Hudson, Gunnersbury House, and Mr. Cowley were
the chief prize winners. At this show there are
I)rizes offered (open to Board School children onl}')
for the best arranged vase of flowers, and also for
the best arranged bouquet of wild flowers, and much
interest attached to the exhibits of the youthful
competitors. In the former class there were eighteen
competitors, while the latter had thirty-nine. Some
of the efforts were very creditable.

Fniit ani, Vegetables. — The display made here was
a fair one in tiw? aggregate, Mr. Waite, gr. to the
Hon. CoL Talbot, Glenhurst, Esher, carrj-ing off
nearly all the leading prizes offered by the Society
and also by Messrs. Carter and Messrs. Sutton, both
for collections and single dishes, and exhibiting fine
produce in several instances. His best exhibits,
selecting from tlie entire lot, were Onion White
Leviathan, Onion White Emperor, Cauliflower
Sutton's King of the Cauliflowers, Pea Duke of
Albany, Pea Stratagem, and Tomato Carter's
Prolific.

Mr. B. J. Tappenden. Chiswick, took 1st for
Cucumbers, with very well finished, large sized fruits
of Carter's Telegraph. For Tomatos the place of
honour was accorded to Jlr. Palmer, gr. to H. Hume-
Dick, Esq., Thames Ditton, showing magnificent
specimens of Sutton's Reading Perfection. Mr.
Palmer also was 1st for Melons, with Hero of Lock-
inge, while Cherries were shown in capital condition
by Mr. Hudson, Gunnersbury House, Acton, who
justly received 1st prize — Black Circassian and Big-
arreau Napoleon were grand. Grapes were good,
Mr. T. Osman, gr. to L. J. Baker, Esq., Chertsey,
securing the premier award for both black and white
8orts, showing capital bunches in both instances,
Buckland Sweetwater and Black Hamburgh being
the sorts. Mr. Bates took the prize offered by
Leopold de Rothschild, Esq., for six kinds of fruits,
making a creditable show with Queen Pine, Black
Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling Grapes, and Melon
Highcross Hybrid. Mr. Waite, 2nd.

Cottagers' exhibits were very numerous, and con-
tained some good produce, especially in the green
vegetables, but on the whole the show made here
was below the average, most of the produce being
small.

AYLESBURY FLORAL AND HORTI-
CULTURAL.

.luLv 1-1. — This exhibition took place as usual in
the Corn Exchange and Meat Market, and was one of
the best seen there for years. Two very fine groups
of pliints fi'ora the gardens of Baron Ferdinand de
Rothschild, at Waddesdon, and Miss Alice de
llothschild,Eythorpe, both not for competition, greatly
helped the display, and were highly commended.

Plants. — But one collection of stove and green-
house plants competed for the prizes given by the
President, E. D. Lee, Esq., and they came from Mr.
Maggs, gr. to W. C. Threlfall, Esq., Aylesbuiy, con-
sisting mainly of excellent specimens, well gi'owu ;
Mr. Shrimpton, gr. to Lady A. de Rothschild, Ayles-
hury, had the best six Fenis, consisting of fine
]]lants of Davallia Mooreana, Adiantums Farleyense,
formosum, cuneatum, Dicksonia antarctica, and
Gymnogramma chrysophylla. Mr. Blake, gr. to H.
Cazenove, Esq., Aylesbury, was a good 2nd ;
his collection including fine pieces of Micro-
lepia hirta cristata and Woodwardia radicans.
Mr. Blake had the best three foliage plants,
staging good specimens of Cissns discolor, Ma-
ranta zebrina, and Pandanus Veitchii, Mr. Maggs
being 2nd. Mr. Blake also h.ad the best six stove
and gi-eenhouse ])lants, having Odontoglossum
citrosmum, a fine piece of Pancr.atiura, Cissus dis-
color and Areca Baucri, Some excellent tuberous-
3"Ooted Begonias were shown by T. B. Parrott,
Esq., The Chestnuts, Aylesbury, all good, double-
flowered varieties, capitally grown and flowered
Equ.ally good were the Achimenes shown by Mr.
Robbin's, who had excellent plants of Robertsii,

Jm-Y 23, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

113

f

\f

Ambrose Verschaffelt, Edmond Boissier, longiflora
major, 1. alba, and perfectum — a very good selection
for exhibition purposes. Mr. Taplin, gr. to S. Gul-
liver, Esq., Aylesbury, was 2nd. Fuchsias were well
shown by Mr! Blake and Mr. Norton, gr. to H. A. P.
Cooper, Esq., Avlesbury. The best collection of
plants arranged for effect came from Mr. Smith, gr. to
the Duke of Buckingham, nicely grouped in the form
of a half circle. Gloxinias were shown in nice con-
dition by Mr. Parrott. The best specimen flowering
plant was an excellent Begonia, shown by Mr. Parrott ;
the best foliage plant, a nice piece of Latania bor-
bonica, from Mr. Maggs. There were other plant
classes, but the foregoing include the choicer parts
of the exhibition.

Cut Flowers. — For these there were many classes.
In the open class for thirty varieties of Roses Mr.
J. Walker, nurseryman, Thame, was 1st, with a very
fine fresh lot, the leading Howers being Keynolds
Hole, grandly coloured ; La France, Marie Baumann,
Pierre Notting, Etienne Levet, Madame Victor
Verdier, Cheshunt Hybrid. There were several
other classes for Roses, but the blooms showed signs
of having been affected by the drought. Collections
of cut florists' flowers in six kinds form always
an interesting feature ; on this occasion Mr. Shrimp-
ton was a good 1st, Mr. T. Austiss, Brill, being 2nd.
Boxes of cut flowers shown by amateurs made a very
pretty display.

Table Decoration. —There was a very pleasing
exhibition of these, and it would be well if for the
future a limit was put to the number of pieces shown
in the principal class, so that the competitors might
be placed on a better footing ol equality in the future.
Mr. J. Smith was placed 1st with a chaste arrangement.
Fruit. — Prizes were offered for the best general
collection of flowers, plants, and fruit, a table being
given to each exhibitor. Mr. Robbins was placed 1st.
Mr. Maggs had the best collection of fruits, but lost
in plants. Mr. Leopold de Rothschild's special
prizes for the best collection of fruit brought an
excellent competition, Mr. Kobbins being placed 1st
with three bunches each of Black Hambnrgh and
Duke of Buccleuch Grapes, Barrington and Grosse
Mignonne Peaches, Lord Napier Nectarines,
Figs, Cherries, Strawberries, and Melons — a dozen
dishes in all. Mr. Cakebread was 2nd, with
the best collection, but it was spoilt by over-
ripe Peaches and Nectarines. He had excel-
lent Madresfield Court and Foster's Seedling
Grapes, Grosse Mignonne and Royal George Pe.aches.
Elruge and Lord Napier Nectarines, &c. Mr. Cake-
bread had the best six bunches of Grapes, three
■white and three black, having Muscat of Alex-
andria and Black Hamburghs in flne con-
dition ; 2nd, Mr. Shrimpton, with Black Ham-
burgh, and Foster's Seedling. Excellent Peaches
were shown by Mr. Robbins and Messrs. Ingram
& Whitfield ; and the same were Ist and 2nd with
very fine Nectarines.

Vegetables. — These were numerous and very good,
the season considered. Cottagers' preductions were
also of good character ; they, however, especially in
the case of Potatos, showed the effects of drought.

Prizes were offered for honey by the Bucks Bee-
keeper's Association, and a large display resulted.
Some excellent honey appeared to have been made
this season.

LEEK ROSE SHOW.

JcLY 19. — The fourteenth exhibition of the Leek
Rose Society was held in the Town Hall on Tuesday
last. Owing, however, to the terrible weather we
have had during the last two months, the show was —
to say the very least — very disappointing, the flowers
lacking not only the number but the size and sub-
stance of previous years. It is only fair to state
that under the exceptional circumstances no other
result was possible. The plants from Westwood Hall,
were exceedingly well grown and finely flowered,
amongst them being AUamanda cathartica, Clero-
dendron Balfouri, a grand Croton Baron James
Rothschild, BougainviUea glabra, and AUamanda
Hendersoni. The eight which took the 2nd prize
came from Mr. Round, Cheddleton, but were of
a far less pretentious cliaracter than the above,
including amongst their best a large Maiden-
hair Fern and a well-flowered Hydrangea. Ferns
were exceedingly fine, as were also the Fuchsias
from Westwood.

Coming to the Roses, we found in Mr. J. Gilman's
winning stand of twenty-four excellent blooms of
Merveille de Lyon, A. K. Williams, Due de Rohan,
Beauty of Waltham, Charles Lefebvre, Alfred
Colomb, and Marie Rady. In addition to the

money prize Mr. Gilman took the National Rose
Society's Silver Medal. Mr. Sheldon's flowers, too,
were good, clean, and well set up, and included
Franijois Michelon, Star of Waltham, Baron
Bonstettin, Marquis de Castellane, Louis van Houtte,
and Madame Hippolyte .Tamain. Mr. Nixon's were
small butgood, especially Louis van Houtte, Baroness
Rothschild, and La Ro'sieriste. In eighteens, Mr.
Gilman's collection again won easily, the chief blooms
being La France, Louis van Houtte, Mons. E. Y. Teas,
Mdlle. Marie Rady, and Etienne Levet. Mr. Cos-
grove was 2nd with a very satisfactory exhibit, in
which was found the premier Rose in the show,
taking the National Society's Bronze Medal. This
bloom was Mrs. Jowitt. In the stand, too, were
Merveille de Lyon, SenateurVaisse, Marie Baumann,
and Star of Waltham. In twelve's, the competition
was strong. Mr. J. Brunt. Iiowever, was clearly 1st,
his stand including a good specimen of Captain
Christy, Brightness of Cheshunt, and Marie Baumann.
Mr. Capewell came 2ud, showing good blooms of
Baroness Rothschild, Etienne Levet, and Cliarles
Lefebvre. Mr. S. Bratt was .'jrd with Camille Ber-
nardin, E. Y. Teas, and Avocat Duvivier. The sixe's,
dark and light, produced good contests, some of the
stands being remarkably even in merit. For the
miscellaneous prizes there was not much struggling,
the prizes in most cases exceeding the importance of
the exhibits.

LEWISHAM AND DISTRICT FLORAL.

July 20 AND 21. — The summer show was held in
the delightful grounds of Riverdale, Lewishara,
and had the advantage of fine weather. The show
was of average quality ; groups were plentiful,
but the arrangement of most was too heavy.
Some very good Roses were shown and also Pelar-
goniums.

Groups, 4'C. — The largest competitive groups for
effect (open) were not to exceed 50 square feet,
and in this section the premier award was carried off
by Mr. J. Balcombe, gr. to J. S. Rivolta, Esq.,
Manor Way, Blackheath Park, showing a tastefully
set-up exhibit. Gloxinias, zonal Pelargoniums, Petu-
nias, and Lobelias, were noticeable flowering plants,
and Adiantums and Palms were freely interspersed.
Mr. W. Jeffery, gr. to J. Young, Esq., Blackheath
Park, was a close 2nd, having good Caladiuras,
tuberous Begonias, and Gloxinias, also show and
zonal Pelargoniums ; .3rd was taken by Mr. F. Hudd,
gr. to F. Prior, Esq., Gordon House, Blackheath Park,
who had very good plants of Crassulacoccinea, Odon-
toglossums. Achimenes, &c., in fact better stuff than
either of the former exhibitors, but the arrangement
was weak, and too many plants were used. Mr.
W. E. Bevey, Lewisham, took 1st honours in the
members' class for a group for effect, arranged in
40 square feet, zonal Pelargoniums, double and single
varieties, being the chief constituents, Aralia Sie-
boldi, with Cannas, being a background ; ornamental-
leaved Begonias and Lycopodiura was the edging.
J. Lock, Esq., Lewisham, was placed 2nd, showing
some very good Petunias, Calceolarias, Pteris tre-
mula, and Adiantums. Mr. Hudd was 1st for twelve
stove or greenhouse plants, and had some creditable
plants in his exhibit ; the best were Ixora Williamsi
(a good one), I. Dixiana, AUamanda grandiflora,
and A. Hendersoni; Ericas were plentiful. Mr.
Jeffery followed with good Ericas and Clerodendron
Balfouri ; this exhibitor also took a similar place for
six fine-foliaged plants, with a nice Tillandsia ze-
brina. Mr. J. Mullens, Blackheath, was 1st in this
class, showing well-grown specimens of medium
size. Dracisnas and Crotons were good, and a healthy
plant of Latania borbonica was also shown.

The 1st place for six greenhouse Ferns was occu-
pied by Mr. G. Hester, gr. to J. T. Noakes, Esq.,
Brockley Hall, showing all good specimens, of which
the most noticeable were Adiantum Sanctse Cathe-
rinas, Dicksonia antarctica. and Platycerium alci-
corne ; 2nd, Mr. Hudd ; and 3rd, Mr. Mullens, both
showing very well, and all three following closely.
Mr. Hudd had a good Davallia Mooreana, Adiantum
amabile, and A. formosum.

Dr. Duke, The Glen, Lewisham, contributed an
interesting collection of Orchids, tastefully displayed
by Adiantums, &c. Odontoglossums were very pro-
minent, and some good Cattleyas were also shown.
He took 1st with this lot.

In the class for tuberous Begonias there was a very
fair display of flowers, Mr. Hudd adding one more
prize to his list by leading in the class for twelve
(sLx doubles and six singles), showing large plants
bearing good flowers ; he also received Wood &
Son's medal for this exhibit. W. E. Jupp, Esq.,

Brockley, came in 2nd, showing small well-flowered
plants. Mr. Needs, Catford, had the best six.

Zonal Pelargoniuim. — These made a good show,
the competition running very keen throughout. Mr.
Balcombe secured the highest place, both for doubles
and singles, exhibiting very good plants. Paul
Charbonnier, Comte de Fauberg, and Madame Thi-
baut, were good doubles ; whilst the best singles
were Mr. W. B. Miller, Mrs. Turner, Eureka, and
Henry Jacoby. Mr. Nunn, gr. to J. K. Somes, Esq.,
J.P., Greenwich Park, was 2nd for doubles, with Can-
didissima and Magenta King. For singles the 2nd
prize went to Mr. Hudd, who had Bianca, West
Brighton Gem, and Exquisite.

Specimen Fuchsias were good, Mr. Dobson. Black-
heath, taking the leading position for three finely
flowered plants ; and Mr. Hudd 2ud, there not being
much difference between the two lots. Mr. Bal-
combe was in the 1st place with Gloxinias, showing
some very fine plants with large flowers.

Cut Floicers. — Roses were good, and here Mr. W.
Rumsey, Waltham Cross, and R. E. West, Esq.,
Reigate, taking 1st and 2nd in this order in the open
class, showing a fine lot of clear bloom — Etienne
Levet, Ulrich Brunner, Reynolds Hole, and Alfred
Colomb were Mr. Rumsey's collection ; while Duke
of Montpelier, Gloire de Dijon, Pierre Notting were
best in the other lot. Mr. Todman, Eltham, Kent,
took 3rd with a creditable show. In the open
amateur's division, Mr. T. Dobson, South Bank
Gardens, Blackheath, led, showing blooms of fair
quality. Carnations were well represented, clean
blooms of good substance being the rule — A. Spurling
Esq., The Nest, Blackheath, and Mr. W. Harding,
Brockley, 1st and 2nd respectively, having fine
blooms of good quality. The prizes for bouquets,
&c., were well contested in all the classes, Mrs.
A. Bennett, Lewisham ; Mrs. M. E. Jupp, Brockley ;
Mrs. Birdseye, Hither Green ; Mrs. Sayers, Lewisham,
taking the leading honours. The display here was
good.

Fruit and Vegetables. — The show was weak in this
section, the fruit being small in size and exhibits
few ; and of vegetables the same may be said. Mr.
Jeffery and Mr. Hudd received 1st and 2nd for
collections of fruit, but each included unripe spe-
cimens. For Messrs. Carters' prizes for a collection
of vegetables Messrs. Burgess led, with a fair all-
round" lot ; Cabbages were fine, and Potatos clean.
2nd, Mr. C. Nunn, Greenwich Park Gardens, came a
close 2nd, with fair Tomatos.

Non-competing E-vhibits. — Among these were several
worthy lots, and we noticed the following : — From
Mr. A. Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, E.C.. came
an interesting box of hardy herbaceous cut flowers,
including Iceland Poppies, Gaillardias, Gladiolus,
&c. Mr. H. M. Stoltenhort', Morley Road,
Lewisham, showed a very interesting collection
of British Ferns, including several very good
varieties in an excellent state of health. A
brilliant show of cut herbaceous plants was made
by Messrs. Barr & Son, who had Iceland Poppies,
Allium descendens, Liliums in great variety, Malope
grandiflora (a showy old plant with deep magenta
flowers), Hemerocallis, &c. Messrs. .1. Laing & Co.,
Forest Hill, had a group of tuberous Begonias,
arranged with great effect, with Caladiums, Crotons,
Dracsenas, and other plants. This firm also showed
a collection of cut Roses. From Messrs. J. Carter
& Co., Holborn, was a large assortment of annuals.
Petunias being specially good ; ornamental grasses,
Stocks, &c., were included.

Fruits Under Glass.

Peaches. — In order to assist the fruits in late
houses the trees should be kept well supplied
with weak liquid manure at the roots every eight
or ten days if the soil be porous and the drain-
age perfect, until the fruit begin to colour, when
only clean water should be given, if required,
syringing the trees copiously morning and after-
noon at closing time (about 4 o'clock) until the
fruits show colour, when a drier air and freer venti-
lation should be maintained. The shoots should be
kept tied in and all laterals growths pinched clean
out. In tying the young and best placed shoots in
their places those of last year's growth which have
no fruit on them, and which, in the ordinary way,
would be cut out at the winter pruning may, with
advantage to the tree, be cut away forthwith. All
crowding of shoots should be avoided, otherwise the
production of well ripened wood will not ensue.

8^14

THE OABDENRH^S' ORRONIGLE.

[July 23, 1887.

, Houses in which the fruits are ripe and ripening
should have a sufficient thickness of soft dry grass
put underneath the trees to prevent bruising of the
fruits which may fall. These houses should have
abundance of fresh air admitted to them day and
night, and the trees, notwithstanding the fact of the
fruit being ripe, should not be allowed to suffer for
want of water at the roots — a condition which would
cause them to drop their fruit sooner than they
otherwise would do, and their leaves to become
infested with red-spider. Bearing this in mind, the
border, if it need watering (if indoors) should be
thoroughly watered before putting the hay on it, and
again as soon as the fruit has been gathered, and
once during the interval should the weather be hot
at the time, and the trees should be well syringed
overhead morning and afternoon after the crop has
been taken.

Figs. — Trees swelling their fruits should have fre-
quent waterings of liquid manure, and the points of
strong-growing shoots should be pinched out prior to
tying them in, and all superfluous growths forthwith
removed. Syringe the trees morning and afternoon
at shutting-up time — soon after 4 o'clock, when the
temperature may be run up to 90°, damping over
the surface of border and pathways again before
shutting up for the night.

Late Melons. — A sufficient number of seeds
of Melons should be sown at once to furnish
plants for supplying Melons in November and
December. In order to secure a good set
of fruit, the sashes of late plantings should
be drawn off for a few hours — say from II a.m. to
2 P.M. — on sunny days, and the blossoms be impreg-
nated when the pollen is dry. From three to five
fruits, according to the strength of the individual
plants, and the size to which the varieties grown
attain to, will be a sufficient crop for each plant to
ripen. When the fruit has commenced to swell, they
should be elevated above the foliage on flower-pots.
H, }V. Ward, Longford Castle.

The Weather.

MEAN TEMPERATirRE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING JULY 30. (AVERAGE
OF FURTY-THKEE YEARS.)

July 24 ...

... 63°.4

July 28

.. 63°.3

„ 25 ...

... 63°.4

„ 29

. 63°.3

„ 26 ...

... 630.4

„ 30

.. 63''.3

„ 27 ... .

... laSf.Z

Mean for the week .

. eso.a

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F, for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty- four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

Accumulated.

li

8d

selow the

t.

J,H,

4,1-S

Mean for

^h

in_c^

the week

a*

S-. Si

ending

its

" a2

July 18.

p

li

SB

Hi

Principal Wheat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day-

Day-

ducing Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg.

deg.

0. SCOlLAJfD, N. ...

1 below

86

0

+ 193 + 37

1. Scotland, E. ...

1 above

11.5

0

+ £n!+ 41

2. England. N.E....

2 above

132

0

+ 88'+ 82

3. England, E. ...

1 above

lllj

0

— .'>'+ 168

4. Midland Cos. ...

0 (aver.)

131

0

+ 43 + IG6

6. England. S. ...

1 above

141

0

— ■ 19

+ 1.51

Principal Grazing, Sec,

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

1 ubov«

113

0

+ 127

+ -17

7. England.N.W....

6 (aver.)

122

0

+ 64j+ 118

8. England, S.W. ...

0 <Bver).

129

0

+ 73'+ 172

9. Ireland, N.

' 0 (aver.;

IISI

0

+ 238 + 23

10. laELAND. S.

1 above

132

0

*233+ 97

— Channel Islands

2 above

147

0.

'+ ■ 3'+ 77

Kaikfau..

Bright

Districts.

'^fl

h

hi

6^^

1^2

h-^

'^^%

2 0 a

^

a

3^

i£"-i

Principal Wheatrpro-

Tenths of

ducing Districts.

Inch,

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

2 more

114

20.2

32

25

1. Scotland. E. ...

4 less

85

10.2

37

34

2. England, N.E. ...

5 less

77

7.1

43

33

3. England, E. ...

0 (aver.)

73

8.1

63

41

4. Midland Co8. ...

3 less

71

8.6

46

36

6. England, S.

Hess

69

8.6

45

39

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

8 less

89

17.6

48

37

7. England.N.W....

4 less

72

10.8

61

39

8. England, S.W....

2 less

73

9.9

46

46

9. Ireland, N.

1 more

86

13.3

37

36

10. Ireland, S.

1 less

73

12.2

45

43

— Channel Islands

3 less

82

8.7

40

60

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the wey.ther for
the week ending July 18, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been in an unsettled and showery
condition generally, with thunderstorms in many
parts of England. In the extreme north the showers
were slight, but over our western districts a good
deal of rain fell on the 12th, while in the south-east
of England the thunderstorms of the 15th and 16th
were accompanied by local rains of an exceptionally
heavy nature.

*' The temperature has been about equal to the
average in 'England, N.W.,' 'Englaud, S.W.,' and
' Ireland, N,,' but from 1° to 2° above the normal
elsewhere. The highest readings were recorded
either on the 12th or 13th, when the thermometer
rose to between 70° and 77° in the western and
northern parts of the kingdom, to 82'^ in the Midland
Counties and ' England, S.,' and to 86° in ' England,
E.' The lowest readings were observed on the 17th
or ISth, when the thermometer fell to between 30°
and 40° in all districts excepting ' England, E.,'
' Scotland, W." and ' Ireland, S.'

" The rainfall has been a little more than the
mean in ' Scotland, N.,' and ' Ireland, N.,' and about
equal to it in ' England, E.,' but less than the normal
elsewhere.

" Srir/kt ste7j.shinc has been more prevalent than it
was last week, the percentage of the possible amount
of duration varying from 32 in ' Scotland, N.,' and
37 in ' Scotland, E.,' and ' Ireland, N.,' to 61 in
' Edgland, N.W..' and 52 in ' England, E." "

Notices to Correspondents.

Addendum : Eoyal Horticdltoeal Society's Show,
July 12 — Messrs. Carter & Co.'s Special
Prizes : The following awards were omitted from
our report of the above show, in our issue for
July 16 last : — Messrs. J. Carter & Co. provided
prizes foil the best fifty pods of each of their fine
Peas, Antici|)ation, Stratagem, Telephone, and
Pride of the Market. The excellence of the three
last-named varieties is well established ; they are
fine varieties for the garden or the exhibition
table. Anticipation is a new sort that has yet to
make its reputation, but it is well thought of by
the introducei's. Tlie 1st prize was secured by Mr.
H. Marriott, .sen., of Skirbeck, Lincolnshire,
who showed s|i]iMKlid dishes, all the varieties being
in capital condition; the 2nd prize fell to Mr. H.
Marriott, jun.. Prospect House, Boston ; and the
3rd to Mr. Beckett, Amersham.

Berberis stenophylla : A. 0. W. Yes : though a
hybi'id, it frequently produces seed. In our expe-
rieuce these produce mongrels showing every in-
termediate stage between B. Emjietrifolia and
B. Darwinii.

Book on Landscape Gardening : J. N. How to
Lay Out a Garden, by Edward Kemp, 3rd edition,
published by Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.,
9, Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, B.C.

Cattlita Mossije: W. S. Extremely fine examples.

Cherries Diseased ; J. L. Please send a few fruits
better packed. Those sent were quite decayed
from the heat and bad packing.

Chrysanthbmdms for Late Elowehino : Market
Gardener. It is now too late to stop the shoots of
these ; the first week of the present month is the
latest period for the operation.

Copt Hall : Justicia. Why do you not forward
your own name and address ?

Corrections. — In the list of awards at Chiswick, in
our last issue, p. 76, one of Messrs. J. R. Pearson
& Son's new zonals, Mrs. David Saunders, was
included among the Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums. —
Owing to an error in the report sent to us of the
National Rose Society's Show, Edinburgh, Mr. G.
Prince, Oxford, is credited with having won the
Jubilee Challenge Trophy, instead of Messrs.
Ilarkness & Sons, Rose growers, Bedale.

Cycas revoluta : Westficld. It would not be dis-
qualified if shown whilst in flower in any competi-
tion of foliage plants. As you are going to have
the plant photographed, will you kindly send us
one picture of it ?

EucHARis Bulbs: T. K. Ingram. The bulbs sent
were swarming with the mites. Nothing can be
done short of destroying the bulbs.

Figs : E. B. The fruits had the appearance of having
been scalled, but we are not sure — decay setting
in before they could be microscopically examined.
Could you send others ?

Horticultural Societies in France and Belgium :
Constant Render, Garston. Apply to some one of
horticultural note in those countries. We cannot
print a long list of names and addresses of the
leading societies. The Federation des Societes
Beiges has its ofHce at the riardin Botanique,
Brussels, and prints a list of the Belgian Societies.

Insect: A. 0. W. Myriapod sent to Professor
Westwood.

Intercultural Tillage. — In an article on this
subject in these pages some weeks ago the name
of Dr. Sturtevant, of the New York Agricultural
Station, was omitted. We are sorry for the
omission, which was one of mere inadvertence.

Malformations : T. L. With thanks. We are glad
to see them, but in this case neither of them calls
for special mention.

Monstrous Foxglove : T. S. You will find an
illustrated article on this subject in our columns
for September 26, 1885.

Names of Plants : J. F. 1, Bromus mollis ; 2, B.
sterilis ; 3, Trifolium minus ; 4, Erigeron acria ;
5, Poa pratensis. — A'. F. Thalictrum flavum. —
W. P. H. Oncidium sphacelatum. — Coldstream.
Lapsana communis. — T. C. E. Trachelospermum
(or Rhyncosperraum) jasminoides, — Ji. Middleton.
1, Corydalis lutea ; 2, Colutea arborescens ; 3,
Leycesteria formosa; 4, Monarda didyma ; 6,
Nepeta violacea ; 6, Galega officinalis alba. —
W. A. G. 1, Acineta Humboldti ; 2, Saccolabium
Blumei. — H. K. Catasetum cassideum. — Amateur.
1, Campanula fragilis; 2, Francoa appendiculata ;
3, Cassia corymbosa ; 4, Sedum carneum variegata ;
5, Sedum spurium ; 6, Hypericum calycinum. —
G. Allen. Ranunculus sceleratus. — Pope §■ Son.
1, Diplopappus chrysophyllus ; 2, Specimen in-
sufficient.— J. M. Cattleya Gaskelliana, Den-
drobium suavissimum.

Seedling Petunia : P. MeK. McKie. The seedling is
good in form, and the colour is nearly that of
Hooper's Empress, but the flower is somewhat
larger than that variety.

The Woolly Oak Gall: Diss. The galls on the
Oak are formed by Cynips Quercus ramuli, the
small white larvai of which, by their punctures,
cause the flowering buds of the Oak to change into
large masses of white threads. These woolly
agglomerations are formed on the male catkins,
appearing as seen in fig. 29, p. 110. Fig. 1 is the
male, the natural size being shown by the cross
lines ; fig. 2, the female, is stouter; fig. 3 shows
the woolly gall with the anthers of the catkin
more or less enveloped, one having a smaller gall
ui oducedinear the extremity, fig. 4.

j:ott ^j, im-]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

m

ToMATOS : T. H. M, The specimen is very much
like the American variety " Cherry-shape." The
small fruited Tomatos are gieat acquisitions to the
table. All gardeners should grow some of them.

Watering Plants : J. M. J. The very practice you
have suggested should be carried out is described
by " J. J. W." on p. 110 of this issue.

Worms on Leaves of Pears : T. H. S. and George.
The leaves of the Pear sent by both correspondents
are eaten by the larva; of the Pear Sawfly, Selan-
dria atra, Stephens, (fig. 30, p. 110). The norms
are hatched out in July, and may tlien be shaken
off the trees by smartly tapping the branches.
Dusting with powdered quicklime two or three
times repeated will kill tliem, as will likewise
tobacco-water which a little soft-soap added
makes more effectua.1., Broad planks or sacking
covered with moist coal-tar, and placed under the
aSected trees" witT'catch^grejit nuTiihors. ^^T^
shaking of the branches is best performed in the
early morning or late in the evening.

Communications Keceived. — R. Elliot (next week). — John
Keiner.— A. O. Walker.— Arbor.— Rev. 0. R. A.— W. B — V.
Dopleb, plant to hand.— Sir W. G. Carmichael.- O. Thomas
(thanks for the photograph, will be repro^iuced). — T. G —
W. J. M.— W. C— J. G. B.— G. O.— S. H.— J. H.. Leiden
House (please send full address).- J. R . J.— W. E.— M. D.—
The Nursery and Seed Trade Association. — R. McL. (thanks).
P. C. Pavis.— Dr. King, (Silcutta.— F. M.. Glasnevin.- Pro-
fessor M. Ward.- W. Sowerby (thanks).- D. T. F. (matter is
in hand).— W. Smythe (thanks).— Dr. Goeze, Griefswald.—
Sir C. W. Carmichael.— Rev. C. R. Linton.— H. A. Page
(send the photos for inspection. — Gruueborg & Sons. —
Cambrian (next week).— J. B.— J. C.

ARKETS.

COVENT GABDEN, July 21.

Laboe supplies still to hand with prices lower.
Strawberries coming short. James Webber, Wholesale
Apple Market.

Fruit.— AVERAGE Wholesale Prices.

Cherries, J-3ie%-e ... 3 0- 6 0
Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 2 li
— Chiinael Isl.. lb. 0 9-16
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons, each ... 1 S- 3 0 |

Vegetables — Average Retail Prices.

i. d. s. d.
Mushrooms, punnet 1 (>- 2 0
Mustard and Cress,

0 4- ...

4 0- ...

Artidiokes, p. doz.... 4 0- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 9- ...
Cauliflowers, spring,

each 0 9- ...

Celery, per bundle ...16-20
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6- 1 0
Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeka, per bunch .
I^ettuce, per dozen ,
Lettuce, Cos., each,

punnet
)nion3, per bushel
Parsley, per bunch
Peas, per quart ... l u- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ...4 0-5 0
kidney, perc^vt. 4 ft- 5 0
Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ...
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per bushel.., 3 0- ...
Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...

Tomatxjs, per lb. ... 1 6- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 4- ...
POTATOS. — Old Potatos about finished. Jerseys range from 7s.
to 85. per cwt. ; Cherbourgs, from 6s. to 85. per cwt.

,03-.

Plasts is Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Balsams, per dozen... 4
Calceolaria, dozen ... 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Draceena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

per dozen (

Ferns, in variety, per

dozen '.

Ficus elastica. each . '.

0-9 0 per dozen
0-12 0 — lancifoli
Lobelias, do:
0-60 0 Marguerite
0-24 0 per dozen

Mignonette, doz. .

0-18 0 Musk, per dozen .

I Myrtles, per dozen,

PelargoDi

18 0-30 0

doz. 9 0-18 0

3 0-40

6 0-12 0
4 0-60
2 0-40
6 0-12 0
each 2 6-21 0
, dozen 6 0-15 0

— scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

— Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40
Rhodanthe, dozen ... 6 0- 9 0
Scented Verbena.doz. 4 0-60
Spiraea, per dozen ... 9 0-12 0

C0T Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilon.s. 12 bun ... 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Carnations, 12 blms. 0

— dozen bunches... 3
C^3^lfiowe^, 12 bun. 1
Eucharis, per dozen 3
Gardenias. 12 blooms 3
Heliotropee, 12 spr. 0
Jasmine, white, bun. 0 f
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms S (

— lancifolium.l2bl. 1

— candiduni,12bun.l2
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2

6- 1 0
0-6 0
0-2 0
0-6 0

6-2 0
0-18 0
0-6 0

Myosotia, 12 bun. ... 2 0- ;
Pelargoniums, 13 spr. 0 6- :
— scarlet, 12 spr.

Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9- J

Pyrethrum, 12 bun,.. 2 iJ- i
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6- ]

— coloured, dozen. 0 6- 1

— red, per dozen ... 0 6- '.

— Saffrano, dozen... 0 9- ;
Spireea. 12 bunches.. 6 0- i
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0- '

■Trc^pSBOttomS.'lS bun. 1 0- ;
Tuberoses, 12 blflia.,,. 0 6- J

For Sale, __^

AUSTRALIAN aud NE:# , Z|1ALAND
FERNS, remaining from ColomaHftxhibjCion.
100 DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA, fine plants, stems 3 to 6 feet.

20 TODEA BARRARA. large ami handsome.
CYATHEA DEALBATA, C. SJllTHI, C. MEDULLARIS.
TODEA SUPERB A and PELLUCIDA, and several hundreds
of smaller species, all in excellent condition.
For Prices, apply to

Mr. A, F. BARRON,

ROYAL HORTICCTLTCRAL SOOrETY'3 OARDENS.

CHISWIOK. S.W..

Where the Playits may he inspected.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
B.HOBODEKDKONS aud HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

HOOPER & CO., Lim,,

COVENT GARDEN LONDON.

BEGONIAS.

For bedding-out or pots, splendid varieties. These are seed-
lings that can be thoroughly recommended.

Per dozen, 4s., post-firee.

GLOXINIAS.

Seedlings of our magnificent strain^, not equalled by any in
existence that we are aware of. The most superb of Jiouse

plants. In thumb-pots, 6s. dozen.

PETUNIA HOOPER'S EMPRESS.

A lovely soft pink, perfectly liouble, and of splendid habit,

Is. each ; 7s. 6d. dozen.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA.

A new plant of great merit, destined to take a prominent
position as one of the best novelti."* introduced for many years.
It flowers profusely in clusters, shape of the AUamanda, pure
white, deliciously scented, and lai^ting a long time in water;
flowers large and of good substance. For cut blooms and
decorative purposes it is unique; the culture most simple in
the ordinary greenhonae or conservatory.

10b. 6d. and 21s. each.
HOOPER & CO., Limited, Covent Garden.

Carters' Seeds

PRESENT SOWING.

CABBAGE— Carters' Early Heartwell.

Pronounced to be the finest early
tion. Very distinct. The heads
weighing from 4 to 6 lb.
In sealed packets only— Per pkt.. Is. & 6rf. ; per oz.. Is. 6rf.
All post free.

CABBAGE— Carters' Mammotli Beefheart.

The best Main-crop Garden Cabbage in cultivation ;
very large firm heads of exquisite flavour, very few
outside leaves, and does not readily run. The finest
Summer Cabbage known.
In sealed packets— Per pkt., \s. and fjrf. ; per ounce. Is. 6rf.

LEHUCE.

C.UtTERS' GIANT WHITE COS 6'(. & 1

DUNNETT'S GIA^'T WINTER COS id. & 1

HARDY'S NORTHERN KING COS 1

CARTERS' LONGSTANDER CABBAGE LET-
TUCE 2s. 6rf. & 1

ALL THE YEAR ROUND CABBAGE LETTUCE ... 0

Post free. Per or. Perpk

Price, per pkt., post free.

CARTERS' GOLDEN GLOBE TRIPOLI.,

GIANT ROCCA

GIANT WHITE TRIPOLI

EARLY WHITE NAPLES

GIANT MADEIRA

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH H0L60RN, LONDON.

W Orchid Peat— a Specialty !

WOOD AND SON are now cutting from
• THE NEW ESTATE (the only estate celebrated for
its special quality of ORCHID PE-AT).

Send for Sample. Special Quotatione.
Wood Green, London. N.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To ail Qrubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thiip, Hfeaty

Bug, Caterpillars, dc., &c.
PERFECTLY ) '° '^"= V-anda and Skin, Ijut irill cure
HADMICCC i WnK'Voimin Animals, and aU Diseisea
nflKMLfcbb ; pr..diiccd by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A combination of Ilyjrocnrlion Oils, made soluble ia
Wat?r, for Destroying ALL INSECTS &. PARASITES

nd Plants,

, wlietber at the Eootn c
111 Chemists, Is.

that infest Trees ,
on tlie Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d, 26. 6d, & .(s.Gdi

4 gallon 7s. 6d, 1 gallon l'2s. 6d. or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wliolpiale : Hoopeb & Co. ; CoitHY, Sopkb, Fowlkr & Co.;
C. E. OsMAN & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chantj<_ and "Wholesale Patent Medicine HoiLses. NEW

YORK— Ro

& Son

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

Throws a fine
spray 20 ft., and
aft 30 ft., with
great force.

A splendid
sulstitute for the
Syringe for using
Insecticide, Price
25s. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45s.
Carriage Paid.

HUGHES'

%-APHIGIDE

■^& 1/

HUGHES'

GREEN& CREAM COLOR SHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applied — Lasts all the

Summer, and can then be easily washed otf. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas, ■ ■ I | ^%|_| B^Ch n

&o., and tV.r Cut Flowers. fl U LaH E^

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon t(- Fluri.'^ts aud all lover.s of Flowers. Diies
instantly. Sold in bottles. Is. &: 2s. I'er post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Provenkng Vines Bleeding after I'nming.
Very effectual in preventing^ the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.
For Destroying' Beetles, Cockroaches, UIEPUE'C'
Crickets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &.'. nUVntld

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most etfe.-tuiil in Greenhouses,— for Animals and Bed
Clothmc. Frice. 6d., Is. & 2/6. Per pos;t 3d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, ^flfiiMf^

tfSCTORIA & CATE/),TON STREET, MANCHESTER

116

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jolt 23, 1887.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per po-^t. of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAJIIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kcnnard), Central Office and Sales Room, 76i, Queen Victoria
Street, E.C., near Mansion House Station. Dep6t: Swan Place,
Old Kent Road. London. S.E.
Telegrams—" Floriculture, Londos." Established 1854.

PEAT — PEAT — PEAT. —
Very superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Mascal Estate, Morth Cray. Kent.

GiARDEN and FARM REQUISITES.—
r Archangel, Petersburg, Garden and Packing MATS of
every description. RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, and CLOTH ;
GREENHOUSE SHADINGS of all kinds; PEAT, LOAM.
SILVER-SAND, anil COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE; GARDEN
NETTING and TOOLS ; RICK-CLOTHS and TARPAULINS
for sale or hire; MARQUEE, TENT, and FLAG Makers;
JUBILEE TENT, 25s. each, complete.

SLY, DIBBLE and CO., 129, Commercial Street, London, E.
Illustrated Catalogues post-free.

•me Best Manure for aU Horticultural Purposes Is

RICHARD MANN and C O. ' S
UNIVERSAL FERTILISER.
It is the most effective and permanent fertiliser in the
market. We hare taken over 1000 First Prizes for Plants,
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables grown with this Manure. In
tins. Is. ; bags, 7 lb., 2s. 6ii. ; 14 lb., 4s. 6rf. ; 28 lb.. 7s. 6d. ;
56 lb., I2s. M. ; 112 lb., 20s.. all carriage paid. We also
supply finest quality Pish Guano, pure Dissolved Bones, and
Crushed Bones, in 1 cwt. bags. IDs., carriage paid. Dr.
Voelcker's Analysis guaranteed. Cash with order.

RICHARD MANN AND CO.. Howden. Ea.st Yorkshire.

garden"
requisites. i

Tw.>

Medals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown tibrous ... 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. 6d.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... is. id. ,, 5 sacks for 20.!.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 26s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ...

PREPARED COMPOST, best

LEAF MOULD, best only

PEAT MOULD,

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... M: lb., 28 lb. 18s.
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) 8d. lb., 28 lb. 18s.
MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 5s. per bushel.

it lis. I

CHUBB'S " PERFECT "FER-"

■■-)
TILISER, the Best Food for I
all kinds of Plants, Flowers, fTin
Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ... ; l/(
CRUSHED BONES, best quality
VIEGrN CORK, best quality only

.71b. 141b. 281b. 561b. 1 cwt.
3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-
1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-
_ — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6d. per bushel.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks. 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;
30 sacks. 25s. ; 40 sacks. 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail.
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only. 2s. each. Terms, siriitly Ca.sh witli order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MttWALL, LONDON, E.

"CyPROLENE,"

WEED DESTROYER.

A NEW DISCOVERY.— The Cheapest, Best, and Most
Effectual Preparation for Killing Weeds. Dandelions, Moss, &c.,
on Carriage Drives, Garden Walks, or wherever they may eiist.

No disturbance of gravel. Saves labour, time, and money.
Supersedes all other preparations.

Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, the extensive
and well-known nurserymen, write us :— " We are pleased to
say that your Weed Killer is very effective, cleanly to use, and
the best we ever tried."

Cuprolene is used with the greatest success in all parts of
the United Kingdom. Testimonials on application.
Prices, Carriage Paid to any Station.

4 galls.. suHi.ient for 100 galls, of water ...JBO 6 0

8 ., ., 200 0 12 0

16 „ ,, 400 „ „ ... 1 2 0

40 ,. „ 1000 „ „ ..276

6 per Cent. Disct. for Cash ; carriage paid on returns of 16 galls.

100 galls, will cover an area of about .50 yards X .50 yards.

Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers.

DEIGHTON & CO., Agricultural Chemists. Bridgnorth.

TREPHO forORCHIDS.

For Potting. Rafts. Blocks. &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S.,

75a, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. E.C. ; and

SWAN PLACE, OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all Horticultural Requisites post-free.
POTTERY of all description..

To OrchM Orowers.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London, are offering ^endid PEAT, in fact no better
obtainable. Samples can be setoi at above address, or forwarded
on application if required.

EAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for

Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6d. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 16s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 6s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. 6d. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or*ne, 13s. per ton.

WALKER and CO., Bamboro' Station, Hants.

JENSEN'S

Every (jjain fertilizes becrfose the Gtiano is pcrXeclly
pare. It is moBt economical, rme iiart of Manaro to

100 parta of soil being ample for gardeu use.
Write for Pamphlet, TesHmonialB and fcatrtictioDB.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker's aniilysis guir.inlcd. FISH-POTASH
oontains Ammonia, PhosBBales and Potash in large
proportions, which are ^iie principal elements of
fertaizstion.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins, Is. ; in Bags. 7 lbs.. 2s. : 141bs.,

4s.; 28lbs.. 6s. 6d.; 56 lbs.. I0s.6d. : 1 cwt..

16s. ; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED,

10 St w-i""''! i>i->"" T,r,.^-.n v.r.

GISHUKST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly. and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outliveil many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s.. and 10s. 6d.

GISHimSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, ed. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

Bosher's Gardea Edging TileB.

''HE AP,(»VE and many other PATT1']KN8

are maite in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
^KITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
' 'cts, take up little

further labour or expc
'grown" Edgings,
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS, &c.. in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conserviitoriea, Halla, Corridors, Balconies, Sec,
from 3s, per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Battis, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all Kinds. Roofing Tiles in great varietv. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND C0.,3rick and tile Merchants.

See Adfi-esBes above.

V E

grain a

R

S

'V N D ,

? by post, per Ton

FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Femeriei

KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates i

quantitie-3.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IBOKt^OEKS. STOURBRIDGE,

1

14X12

y- ^

iiixia

lu iM.

20x12

■^RT

16x14
18x14

T W

20X14

i/f ^

J

21-09E. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet bores,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOBOE FABMILOE & SOXS,

GLASS, LEAD. OEL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

Stock List and Prices on application. Quote ChronicU.

STEVEN BROS 8.. C<>
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

1- UPPER THAMES S' LONDON. EC

s^'^Yfii^iS*

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

Joint Hot-wjyjj;. Pipes. 9feet long, 4s. 3rf. each;

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6rf. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station. Is. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.

r-y A jrrn Tf\ A7 Every cask bears the above Registered

\jx\- U J. -L \Jiy * Trade Mark. Beware of cheap

HILL & SMI TH

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

BOULTON & PAUL

FACTURK

Garden Engine and

Water-Barrow

Oomblned.

This implement is well

adapted for both large

and small gardens It

14 strong and well made

and not liable to get

out of order

CASH PRICES

(Carriage Paid)

\^ gallon sue, £3 165.

20 „ ,, £4 bs.

2ft . . £4 15s.

'"3F- Pumps fur domestic

f^^'^nn i Rinlen purposei,

_ , ^. --^i.inl !il ngines.Water

"^1^ \^ ' F= ^^ I nr \i^ manufactured
hvourselvP. NEW GENERAL CATALOGUE sent free.

Jolt 23, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CBBONICLE.

117

CONTBAOTORS TO HEB MA/BSTY'S WAB DEPABTMEITT.

THE Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON,

S.E.

CAST-IKON SADDLE BOILER,

with Waterway End.

From 20 Inches to 66 Inches long.

(TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" HOTWATER," LONDON),
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, AND CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, llth Edition, price \s.

Price LIST on application Free.
HOT-WATER AND HOT-AIR APPARATUS

ERECTED COMPLETE, OR THE MATERIAL SUPPLIED.

THOMAS'S IRAIHINC TRELLISES

No. 81. GALVANISED AFTER MADE.

For TrainiDg Peas instead of

sticks,
Training Plants to Walls, &c.

In Paneu.
6 feet by 3 feet ... 2S. each.

6 feet by 4 feet
6 feet by 6 feet
Also used for training plants,
made any size to order.
6-inch 4-inc-h 3-inch 2-inch lA-inch mesh.

2d. 3d. 3^d. 4d. 4|d. per foot super.

GALVANISED WIRE NETTING.

Improved Madiiin'-minle.

Greatly Reduced Prices per RoU of 50 Yards.

ift.

3 ft.

at.

ift.

Mesh. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.

3-ln. 34 60 68 10 0

2-ln. 46 69 90 13 6

IJ-ln. 6 6 9 9 13 0 19 6

1-ln. 8 0 12 0 16 0 24 0

STEEL BABB WIBE.

100 yard Keek
260 ,
630 ,

6 0

Jcwt. ... 12 6
1 cwt. ... 26 0
Special Quotations for Large
Quantities.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.;
Works: 362. EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

TCLASSHOUSES8c«EAT•^^fG:

B.W-WA-RftU-RST

HY. VAN & CO.

(The Oldest London House in the Trade. Estd. 1730).

17, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

nimtratal CATALOGUES Post-free.

PROTECTION FOR FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

GARDEN NETTING, 2 yards wide, IJi., or per 100 yards,

10s. : ditto, 4 yards wide, 3rf., or per 100 yards, 20.?.
SCEIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, ■id.; IJ yard, Hd.; and

2 yards, 6rf. per yard.
TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. 6d. per piece.
SHADING BLINDS made up any size
RICK CLOTHS, TAEPAULINS, Corn and Potato SACKS

FLAGS. TENTS, &c., for Sale or Hire.
TOBACCO PAPER, RAFFIA, and Garden MATS of all kinds.

Fourteen Sliver

Medals.

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare, Maqutacturer of TERRA COTTA
VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER
TliES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from 1 to 30 inches
diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green ; ORCHID,
FERN. SEED, and STRIKUJe-PANS, RHUBARB and SEA-
KALE POTS, &c.

Price List post-free. Book of Designs, Is. 6rf.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, a-nd delivered to ang London Station,
100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

16 oz. 21 oz.
13J by 8J for 10/- for 14/-
14/-
15/6

, 10

11/-
13/-
17/6

19/-

or 300 squares 16 ounce, 8 by 6,
or 250 squares 8^ by 6^, or 220
squares, 9^ by 6^. or 170 squares,
9 by 7J, or 160 squares, 10 by 8,
fix* 10s. Carriage paid for all orders

24/-
20/-
31/-
35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready miied for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5c/. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. BOBINSOIf,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,

14, Moor Lane. Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

RICHARDSON'S

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases tree £2 15 0
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ „ 4 15 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide „ 3 15 0

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ „ 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

B. HALLIDAT & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, ice.,
2, Holloway Road, N.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, E.0

^I^Ss^HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

1 1X1 il in any part of the
#^v-^ Kingdom with Hot-water

Apparatus complete.

North of England Horticultural WorksT^^O

DARLINGTON.

GARDEN SHADINGS, Sr^^^'

RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, PEAT,

SAKD, COCOA FIBBE BEPXXSE, Sec,

At very Lowest Prices.

CATALOGUE on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

136, COMMERCIAL STREET. LOHBON. E.

W. H. LASCELLES A^D CO willt,ive Estimates for
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK free of charg.
send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in vi
coloura. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Buiihill Row, London, E.G.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenheuses,
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and S
sent post-free on application.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

RIGBY, WAINWRIGHT & CO.,

MANUFACTURERS,

Neptune Works, Manchester,
Cotton Wool and Wadding

for Florists and Nurserymen.

Send for Samples and Prices.

m

T'HE' ^ GAB DENE BS' CHB ONI OLE.

[JcLT 23, 1887.

THE CARDENERff^CHRONlCLE.

Scale of Oharg-es for ^dvertising-

Head Line charged as two.

4 Lines.

. £0

3

0

19

Lines., £0 8

6

8 „ •

. 0

3

(5

16

„ . . 0 " 9

0

6 „ .

. 0

4

0

17

„ .. 0 9

6

7 „ .

. 0

'4

6

18

„ . . 0 10

0

8 „ .

. 0

0

19

„ . . 0 10

(J

9 „ ■

0

6

20

„ .. Oil

0

10 „ .

. 0

6

0

21

„ .. ■ 0 11

6

11 „ .

0

(j

6

22

„ . . 0 12

0

12 „ .

0

7

0

23

„ . . 0 12

6

13 „ .

0

7

6

24

„ . . 0 13

0

14 „ .

0

8

0

25

„ . . 0 13

a

AND SIXPENCK FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINK.

If 9?5,qcEoOT two eohtniTig. the lowest charge will he 305.

If set acroM three Columns, the lowest charge will be 30s.

Page. £3i_ Half Page, £1 103. ; Column, &.

GARDENERS and OTHERS WANTING SITUATIONS.

36 worils, iiicliulin;; name an.i address, Is. 6(/.. and tSd. for
every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVHRTISKMENTa MUST BE PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-o/Iices, at
addressed are opetied by the aictliorities a}id

Births. Deaths and Marriages. 5s. each insertion.

IT reach the Office

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The U.-ilTKi) Ki.v.iDoM: 12 -Montlis. 153.; 6 Monthi,

7S. fid. ; 3 .Mouths, 3S. 9d.

FoBKIfiN (excpptiu£< India an.! Chinai; including Postagi

173. 6d. for 12 Montlis; India and China, 19s. 6d.

Poat-olBce Orders to be made payable at the Post Offici

42, DRURY LANE, W.C, to W. RICHARDS.

PuBLisHiNa Office and Office for ADVERTisEftraNTS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, \\d. per
yard ; 10s. per 100 yards \ 25 yards 3 yai-da wide post^
tree 4s.; 4 yards ui.Ic. M, p.T yard; 2i1<. per 100. NEW

TWINE M-rrrrVi;. l Inrl h. l i ,r.I wide. 2rf. ; 2 yards

wide, .v.; 1 ■■:';.! I M I'TON NETTINR,
64 iuch.'s « , ' i ; .'. per yard (best

W. CL'LLI.Nta-()Illl. Fc

ate, London, E.

WARNER'S GARDEN ENGINES
4^^) \^ \TER BARROWS

^ ^ - - — ^i^l Are of thi

best mate-

II li 11 .t (. d,
>i I 111 .1 \i iin, \Mili im Mi; a HriUnt Hrussils
&(, anlT« Silv.rM 111 a;Mrd, 1 1 > the RomI Horticultural
Society MaBu{£u,turer9 of tiarden Syringes, Fountains &c
Illustrated PRICE LISTS upon application to

JOHN WARNER and SONS, Hydraulic and Horticultural
Engineers. The Crescent Foundry, Cripplegate, E.G.; and the
Foundry Works. Wttlton-on-the-Naze, Essex. To be obtained
at every Ironmonger and Plumber in the Kingdom.

MADE WITH BOILDfG WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFITL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Anid.-nls. |.:iii,,l,,v.rs i.i.d.i I it y, insured against by the

i:>AIL\V,VY J'ASSE.\(ii:i;S' ASSURANCE

-ll' CO.MI'ANY. i;i. ioniliill. Lnii.lnn. Inmme £246,000.

Comp.iisutiou paid for lls.iiiill a.-ci.l.-nts, £2,350,000. Mode-
able conditions. Prompt and Liberal
t'liairinan, Hitrvie M. Farcjuhar, Esq.
I Hotel Buildings, W.C. j Head

settlement of Cla
West End Olhc.-.
Office, 64. Cornhill

Lontion, E.C,

WttLIAM'J. VIAN, S.

K

--^

Inserted in the DAILY NE]
LONDON, PK0VINCI4L, and^pOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
Exceptional Terms for a Series.

^.v^dLP^^^^'^^ANT PLACES.

CONTRACTORS for the SPECIAL CORNER POSITIONS

On PACES 2, «, a*iii 6 of,the GiOi3.e. ' '.'

The SPECLAL CORNERS- of the ^Y-ENING STANDARD,

And the SPECIAL CORNEHS on FRONT PAOEot the

PEOPLE.

Sole Agents for all Advertisements in the

OFFICIAL GO VERNMENT POLICE GAZETTE.

WILLING'S 125, STRAND, LONDON, W.C

Telegraph' Addreas^^* WitLING'S, Loudon."
TelepKohe No. 2773.

GARDENING APPOINTMENT.

JIb. George Donaldson, for thirty years
Gardener to the late Earl of Kintoiik, Keith
Ilal!, Aberdeenshire, has been appointed Head
Gardener to AV. IIitme Dick, Esij., Ilumewdod
Castle, Kiltegan, co. Wickiow.

WANTED, a PARTNER, with a Small
Capital, for a good Market Garden, close to Bourjie-
mouth, where a lirstrchuss trade isdoing. The land is in a high
state of cultivation, is well stocked with Fruit Trees and .all
kinds of Vegetablea, — C. HAMILTON. Portland Cottage,
Parksfone.

Covent G£irden Market, W.C.

PARTNER WANTED. Whole attention re-
quired. Must bo adapted to the business, and be
energetic.— G. B.. Gardeners' Chronicle Oilice, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, an active niiddle-aj^ed married
Man, without children, as HEAD WORKING
GARDENER, where four or five are kept. He must thoroughly
understand the Management of the Vinery, and ordinary
Forcing Stove, and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardens, &c. — State by letter, age, wages, length of service,
and full particulars, to H.. The Castle, Wallingford.

WANTED, a GARDENER,
up in Vines. Flower and Kitoh.
Laundress. — .Apply by letter, stating wag
COSH AND CO., Netherwood Road, Hamraersi

Must be well

Garden. Wife as

WANTED, a GROOM and GARDENER, for
a place in the country. Wages IHv. ,,er week and

only, A. B., ■■ ,Mui

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a good
SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER. Flower and Kitchen
Garden; also small Greenhouse. — Write particulars. — Mr.
LINDLEY, St. Kilda. Chislehurst.

WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, with
experience In and Out of tlie Houses. Wages 15s.
Bothy ou the premises, milk, vegetables, and firing. Good
handwriting necessary. — .-Vpply by letter to T. CHRISTY
F.L.S., Malvern House, Sydenham, S.E.

WANTED, a Soft-wooded PROPAGATOR
and PLANTS.MAN; must have a good knowledge of
his business, also be able to Wait upon Customers. — State
particulars, wages required, &c., to W. B. ROWES and CO.,
Barbouriie Nurseries, Worcester.

ANTED, a first-class INDOOR PROPA-
GATOR and PLANTSMAN, of good address, in a
-Market Nursery. Must be quick and neat iu his work, and
competent to instruct others in their duties.— .V. B., 41, Wel-
lington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, an experienced PROPAGATOR
of Roses. Rhoilodendrons, Clematis, Coniferre. &c.—
Apply by letter, stating particulars, reference, age, and wages
required, D. S. THOMSON AND SONS, Nurseries, Wimbledon.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, in a Hardy

Plant Nursery, a young MAN, of intelligence and
activity; must be quick at Potting, and useful in General
Nursery Work. Permanency to suitable person. — COLLINS
AND GABRIEL, Waterloo Nurseries, ILampton, Middlesex

WANTED, a strong active young MAN, who
is well accustomed to the General Nursery Work.
Permanent situation and every encouragement to a persevering
young man.— Apply, stating wages required, &c., to EDWIN
HOLLAMBY. The Nurseries, Groombridge, Tunbridge Wells.

WANTED, TWO young MEN used to a
Market Nursery.— FOREMAN, Mill Lane Nursery,
Cheshunt, Herts.

WANTED, a strong active LAD, about
17 years of age. to Work in a Garden, and to Milk
one cow.— F. O. UNDERHAY, Esq., Holland House, Crouch
Hill, H..riis,.y, London, N.

WAiN'lKU, a young MAN, accustomed to
Wreath and Bouquet Making, to take charge of
Plants under the Fori man, and to Wait on Customers.- Apply,
stating wages required and all particulars, to GAIUWAY AND

CO., Durdham Down N

Clifttm, Bristol.

POSTAL ORDEJiS.—To Advertisers, Suiscribers, and
Others. — /( is vert/ importat^ in Remitting by Postal Order
that it shtiuld be filled in payable at No. i2, DRURY LANE,
to \Y. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
■fip a particular person, it is ampossible to prevent any person
i^to whose h&nds it may faU from negotiating it. -— -

N.B.— The best and safeSt rheans of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

NOTICE TO ADVJi-RTISERS.— In many instances
Remittances in Payment af Repeat Advertisemints are
received without narne, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope, by which to identify the sender; this
m all cases causes a vert^ great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Begister
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, -FOKEMAN, or JOUKNEY-
MAN. Ladies and tientlemen requiring any of the above will

^COTCH GAKDENEKS,

O —John DowNtE. Seedsman. 141, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, hiia at present on hi3 List a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, wiiiting re- engagements. He will be pleased to
supply full particulars to uoy Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

RICHARD SMITH
beg to announce that they are .
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
«tc.— St. John's Nurseries. Worcost^r.

AND CO.
tantly receiving

Gardeners. Under Gardeners. Bailiffs, ac.

WM. OUTBU.SH AND ISON have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whose characters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
can recommend a-s to abilities, &c. — Ladies and Gentlemen re-
quiring either of the above can be suited with reliable, first-claaa
men by applying to Wm. Cutbush & Son. Highgate Nurseries, N.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAINCI AND CO., having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in waut of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for lirst-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING

I CO.. The Nun

, Forest Hill, S.E.

'^PHE LXVEUPOOL HORTICULTURAL

X CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston. near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN. who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments

GARDENER (Head), where more are kept. —
Practical in all branches of the profession. Disengaged
Augusta.— T. C. Tlie Gardens, Torrington, Wragby, Lincoln.

pARDENER (Head).— Age 28, married;

VJT thoroughly experienced in allbrauclies of theprofossion.
Exceptional good reference-s from last situation (5 years). —
FREDERICK D. SIDELL, Earlham, Norwich.

G" GARDENER (Head),— Age 40, single; has
r filled a similar situation; good tei^timonials a-s to Fruit
and Flowers. Good references. — A. F., 27, Carlisle Place,
London. \V. ._„_.. _ _ _ _ ..

GARDENER (Head), where more are kept.
— Age 41, married, no incumbrance; thoroughly prac-
tical knowledge of Gardening in all its branches. Excellent
character.— D. N., 155, High Street, Watford.

GARDENER (Head).— Married, no incmn-
brance ; understands Vines, Cucumbers. Greenhouse
Flowers, and Kitchen Garden. Seven years' good character. —
H. N., 17, Adelaide Terrace. Thames Ditton, Surrey.

r\ ARDENER (Head).— Age 33, married, no

VIa family; eight years' with one of the most successful
Exhibitors. Good Plant Grower. Well up in Ericas. Tho-
roughly competent throughout. Excellent references. — T. A.,
2, Whitby ViUa-", Sausome Walk, Worcester.

Gi ARDENER (Head); age 34, married.—
r A Gentleman wishes to recommend his late Head
Gardener to any one in want of a thorough practical man.
Well up in all branches of the profession. Eighteen years' ex-
perience in first-class places; three in last. Teetotaller. —
JOHN F. RAGGETT. U, Rundell Road, Paddington, W.

ARDENER (Head); age 37, married,

two children (ages U and:j).— Mr.EVANS, Head Gardener.
Lythe Hill, Haslemere, can with great confidence recommend to
any Nobleman or Gentleman a thorough practical, energetic,
trustworthy man as Head. Excellent Grape, &c.. Grower.
Undeniable testimonial for over fire years as Head from last
place and all previous. — Please apply as above, or to W.
EARP. Royal Botanic Gardens. Regent's Park, London. N.W.

ARDENER (Head Wobkcng). — Married,

uo family; tho ou/h .prj'v;- .4 experience iu all
branches. Abstainer. ■« ell recommt-nded.—N. W., 30, Towns-
head Cottages, St. John's, Wood, N.W.

July 23, 1887.]

THE GAUDENE^^ 'dtlRO^ICLW

119

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Age 30, married; leavin" solely on
own account. Four years' excellent character.— CHARLES
FOWELL. Egg Hall. Epping.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Married*

without family ; desires re-engagement with Lady o""
Gentleman requiring the services of a good practical man-
Good references.— T., 6, Bedford Terrace, East Finchley, N.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,

married ; thoroughly experienced in all branches.
Could Manage Pasture Land with Stock if required. Good
character from present and previous employer. Leave when
suited.— CHARLES COTTON, West Street, Reigate. Surrey.

ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—

Mr. FOKBES, Gardener to \V. Drury Lowe, Esq., Locko
Park, near Derby, can highly reeommend his Foreman,
Frederick Beney, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
practical Gardener. Fourteen years' experience. — Address as

ARDENER (Head Working) and

Electrician, where a praitical and experienced man is
required.-Age 3.5, married ; Fruit Growing a specialty. Total
abstainer. Eight years' reference from present employer, Abel

GARDENER (Head Working).— Middle-
aged, married, no family; twenty years' practical expe-
rience iu the Culture of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables,
Early and Late Forcing. First-class references as to sobriety,
ability, &c. — G.UIDENER, Beechlands, Caterham Valley.

ARDENER (Head Working), where three

to five are kept. — Age 35, married, two children
(youngest 8) ; total abstainer. Has had twenty years' practical
experience in every branch of Gardening. Is a thoroughly
competent, reliable, industrious and trustworthy Gardener.
First-class Plantsman, Fruit, and Vegetable Grower. Excelloiit
references.— GARDENER, Mr. Price, Florist, Ewell lUjad,
Surbit^n.

GARDENER (Head Working, or thorough
good Single-handed).— Single ; good character. Total
abstainer.— W. TOONS, Kingston House. Prince's Gate, S.W.

ARDENER (Head Working, or Single-

handed). — Age 33. married ; twenty years' practical
experience. Six years" good character from last situation. —
B. B., Guardian Office, Croydon, Surrey.

GARDENER (German), in a good Nursery. —
Age 22; seven years' good experience in the best Conti-
nental and English Nurseries. Holding first-class certificates.
— O. O., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (AVorking).— Age S7,
single ; thoroughly understands his work. Good Rose
and Fruit Budder. Good character.— C. S.. Blake's Green, near
Sevenoaks, Kent.

GARDENER (Tirst-class Single-handed). —
Thoroughly understands Glass. Flower, and Kitchen
Garden. Over three years' character in last situation. —
CHARLES SMITH, Locko Park, near Derby.

GARDENER (Single-handed), used to Inside
and out.— Age 22; good character.— W. AUSTIN, Friern
Nursery, 230, Peckham Rye, London, S.E.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 29,
married; three years' good character. Well up in all
branches, and can be highly recommended. Understands Stock
it required.- G. SMITH, Cottage Hill. Oxted, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
help is given). — Age 26. Good character and reference^i.
— G. B.. J. Simmons, 1, Horley's Cottages, Warwick Road,
Sutton. Surrey. ^_^______

GARDENER (Single-handed); age 28,
married.— H. H. Cooper, Esq., Sibdon House. Berk-
hamsted, can highly recommend Henry Hancock, his Second
Gardener, who has a good knowledge of Fruit Culture under
Glass. Lawn, Flower, and Kitchen Gardening. Five years'
good character.— Address as above.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second).—
Age 40, single ; Flower and Kitchen Garden ; Houses if
required. Total abstainer. Well recommended. — W. L.,
Kingsland Cottage, Stanford Dingley. Reading.

GARDENER (Second), in the Houses.—
Age 22; gooii reference. Seven years' experience —
G. S., The Gardens, Lessness, Abbey Wood, Kent.

GARDENER (Second), where several are
kept. — Age 24; two years' guod character from present
situation. Abstainer.— A. BIRCH. The Gardens, Hawk's Wick,
St. Albans, Herts^^

^^ ARDENER (Under, or Single-handed).—

yjT Young ; has a knowledge of Kitchenand FlowerGarden.
Can have good reference from last place. Total abstainer. —
C. W. JONES, 1. South Street, Hammersmith, W.

GARDENER (Under or Second), in a
Gentleman's establishment.— Age 22; three years in
present situation. Good reference. Bothy preferred. — H. W.,
Potlersferry, Stony Stratford, Bucks.

ARDENER (Under, or Third in a Gentle-

man's Garden). — Age 19, single; two and a half years'
character. Recommended by Mrs. Holland, Kemerton Court,
Tewkesbury.

ARDENER (Undeh).— Young ; four and a
half years' good ciiarader.— J. B., Burghfield, Bending.

GARDENER (UnderI, wishing to Improve
himself. — Age 19 ; three years in present situation.
Good character.— N. DAY. Ben^low, Uitchin.

GARDENER (Under').— Age 20; six years'
experience Inside and Out. Good character. Total
abstainer.— F. S., Shady Side, College Street, Putney, S.W.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 23; used to
Kitchen Garden and Lawn Work. Six years' excellent
character.-H. NORTH, Ormond House, Cricklewood, N.W.

ARDENER (Under). — Age 32, married,

one child {age 8) ; Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character. — G. HIGGS, The Gardens, Newlands
Park. Sydenham. S.E.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 20; strong,
active. Has been used to In and Outdoor Work. Two
years' character.— T. BELCHER, Brightwaltham, Wantage,
Berks.

NURSERY FOREMAN, or to MANAGE a
Branch Establishment. — Twenty years' practical ex-
perience in Growing and Forcing Fruit and Flowers. Good
references.— H. PESTRIDGE, Lonslands Park, Sidcup.

To Nurserymen.

GROUND FOREMAN.— Wanted, re-engage-
ment by a thorough praftioal ra:ui as Ground Foreman.
Could undertake Manaeement of a Branch Establishment.
Escellent references.— E. R. W.. Gardeners' Chronicle Oflice,
41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

FOREMAN, good. — Age 25 ; twelve years'
experience. Three years Foreman in last place. Good
Pliintsman, and well up in Exhibition Work. Highly recom-
mended.—T. S.. Handsworth. Sheffield.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25 ;
eleven years' experience in all branches. First-class
references.-J. LEWIS. 82, The Mount, Frankwell, Shrewsbury.

rOREMx\N. — Age 26 ; ten years' experience
in Fruit and Plant Houses. Good testimonials. Two
years in last place as Foreman.— G. MARSH. 45. Woolcot
Street, Redland. Bristol.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 25 ; eleven
years' experience in the Gardeiiii of Beaumanor Park,
Worksop Manor, and Cole-Ortou.--J(.fHN CLARK, Hardwick
Farm, Caldicot, Chepstow.

FOREMAN, in a good private establishment.
— Eight years' experience. Well up in Propagating and
Growing Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Excellent character,
— For further particulars please apply to H. CRUX, Camden
Nursery, Sissinghurst, Kent.

FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, in small
General Nursery, or PROPAGATOR of Heaths. Roses,
&c., in Large Quantities. London experience. Good refer-
ences.— GENESTA, Gardeners' raro«!c?cOffice, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

OREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER

of Cut Flowers and Pot Plants, Tomatos. &c.. in
quantities for Market. — Age 30 : good references. — 74, Hurst
Fold, Irlam, Manchester.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and SALES-
MAN, to take charge of Nursery. — Age 29, single; thir-
teen years' practical experience in all brauL-hes for Market and
Cut purposes. Good references. — H., 27, Macklin Street,

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR and GRO^\"ER of Hard and
Soft^ wooded Plants,— Age 24 ; good references.— JOSEPH
HOLMES, 7, Mile Ash, Darley Abbey, Derby.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER,— Steady (not
young) ; well up, and a good workman in all branches
of Horticulture, in or out.— C., 19, Canlerbury Road, Kilbum,
London, N.W.

FERN GROWER.— Young ; practical. Six
years' experience in Market Growing. — H. W., 3, Peel
Road, East Lane, Sudbury.

GROAVER, in a Large Nursery, under a good
Foreman, or can MANAGE a Small Nursery of a gooii
home trade.— Age 29.— JOHN REASON, 4, Halcomb Road,
Stoke Newington. London, E.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, -vvith Florist
or Market Grower.— Age US; good character.— X. Y.,
l.=i. Heatou Road, Peckham Rye, S.E.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Uouses.— Age 21;
three years in present situation. Good recommendation.
Bothy preferred.— S. H. SNELL. TheDaison. St. Mary Church,
Torquay.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a Gentle-
man's Establishment.- Age 22 ; used to bothy. Good
character.— C. B., The Gardens. Avenue House. Church End,
Fmohley, N.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out— Age 22 ;
can be highly recommended from present employer.
Over two years in present situation.— F. ANDREWS, West-
mill Rectory, Buntingford, Herts.

JOURNEYMAN, in good private Garden.—
Mr. Thomson, Gardener to the Duke of Grafton, Wake-
field, Stony-Stratford, Bucks, strongly recommends an experi-
enced young man. Energetic and trustworthy.

OURNEYMAN ; age 21.— Mr. D. Melville,

late Head Gardener. St. Vincent's, Grantham, can con-
fidently recommend a young Man as above. Seven years'
erperience.— Handiiyortiu aear Sheffield.

JOURNEYMAN, in good Private Garden.—
Chas. Boatwridht, Gardener, Moor Park, Famham,
will be pleased to recommend au energetic and trustworthy
young man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses (or Second in
a small place). — Age2.'i; good recommendations. Total
abstainer.- W. CLEAVLAND, 14, Belsize ParkTerrace, Belsize
Lane, Hampstead, N.W.

JOURNEYMAN (Second or Third), in the
Houses.— Age 21 ; three years' character. Abstainer.
Any part of Great Britain.^. UGLOW, 7, Bellamy Street,
Balham, Surrey.

IMPROVER, in a good Market Nursery.—
Advertiser wishes Uj hear of a sitviation as above.^
S. W. D., Kingston Villa, Bletchley Station, Bucks.

TO NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN.—
Situation desired by Advertiser, who has had the Manage-
ment of a Nursery and Seed Business for his mother, deceased ;
has a good knowledge of Soft^ wooded Propagation and the
Work of a Market Nursery ; considerable experience in Wait-
ing on Customers.-J. G. COOK, Manor House, Bishopstoke,
Hants.

TO NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN. —
H. Downing, Norbury Park Gardens, near Dorking,
Surrey, will be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentle-
man a thorough hard-working Man, experienced in all branches.
Can have most excellent character. Shall be pleased to answer
any enquiries.

'yo NURSERYMEN and MARKET

X GROWERS.— Situation wanted by a young man (age 21)
who is used to the general work in a Nursery. Five years'
experience. Well recommended. — F. B., Carbery Cottage,
Cliristchurch, Hants.

''po GARDENERS. — Situation wanted, by a

J- respectable lad. under an experienced Gardener, in

To GARDENERS, &c.— Rev. H. Ley reoom-
mends a strong Lad (age 18), experienced, to be under a
Gardener. Good character. — Clewer Green. Windsor.

To FLORISTS.— Situation wanted by a young
man (age 31) in Florist Business, Well up in Furni.liing,
&c. Good references. Three years iu last place.— C. S.,
12, Victoria Road, Battersea, S.W.

To Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

TRAVELLER, in the Nursery and Seed Trade,
where stuff is produced in quantity preferred. — Age 25 ;
food references as to character and ability. Fluent French
peaker and Correspondent.— G, W. FISHER, Alpha Cottage,
Bromyard Road, Worcester.

TRAVELLER. — Experienced man to repre-
sent a good Firm, on Commission, in the Nursery and
Seed Trade.— T. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Street, Strand, W.C.

ANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN. —

Wanted, by competent Seedsman, Florist, and Book-
keeper, engagement as Manager or Head Shopman. Thirteen
years' experience with leading firms in every department.
First-ciais references. Age 28, married.— CORNUTA, Hillside,
Canterbury Grove, West Norwood, S.E.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; five years'
experience. Good knowledge of Plant and General
Nursery Stock and Seed Trade in all branches.— Mr. HARDING,
St. Neofs, Hunts.

SALESMAN. — Wanted by Advertiser, situa-
tion as Salesman in Covent Garden ; well known in the
Trade. Good references. — Apply, in first instance, to C. R.,
1, Osman Road, Lower Edmonton.

To Nurserymen and Seedsmen,

CORRESPONDENT (Thorough), BOOK-
KEEPER, and CLERK, with practical experience of
Nursery Work ; or as JUNIOR TRAVELLER. — Age 27.
Bestreferences.- R. H. SMITH, 3, Garfield Street, Hawick, N.B.

To Seed Trade.

ASSISTANT. — Nearly four years' experience
in Wholesale and Retail Garden Seed Trade.— G. ROSE,
S. F. Armitage, Seed Merchant, Nottingham,

O NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN.— The

Advertiser (age 22) desires a situation in General
Office work. Eight years' experience with Paul & Son, Old
Nurseries. Cheshunt,— T. JUDD, Windmill Street, Cheshunt.

HORTICULTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN and
HOT- water ENGINEER —A man of great experience.
Good at Designs, Estimating, Heating, Details, &c. Has had
experience in Glazing without putty. Landscape Gardening,
■ " ' ..-.....--- Moderate salary. —

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Easy Digestion.—
These admirable Pills cannot be too highly appreciated
for the wholesome power they exert over all disorders of the
Stomach. Liver, Bowels, and Kidneys. They instantaneously
relieve and steadily work out a thorough cure, and in its course
dispel Headache, Biliousness, Flatulence, and Depression of
Spirits. It is wonderful to watch the daily improvement of the
complexion, as HOLLOWAT'S PILLS Purify the Blood and
restore plumpness to the face which had lost both flesh and
colour. These Pills combine every excellence desirable in a
domestic remedy. The most certain and beneficial results flow
from the occasional use of this regulating medicine ; even
persons in health, or when following sedentary occupation,
will find it an invaluable aperient,

jfc to daht^ ,\9WAB no*nniiteW ,tt ^ftKl eitt it .wiMAHOifl KAMajW bmt

J .vmiuaxhu ,wbsi*it ju w.'d

120

TSE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JTII.T 23, 1887.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
\ irgin Cork Kaffia Mata Bamboo Canes Rustic Wort
Mauures & Cheal.f t Prices of
WATSON AKD St-l LL 4 L ner Thamei Street Lonlon EC

LAWN MOWERS

All tU be t jkes sto k

Excelsior Ii i lie Uol a

Shank 3 Green s Raii-)Oine s

Garden Seats Tables

WiREwoRK Tools &l

Swing Water-Barrows.

15 Gait,
20 Gall..
DEANE

. 54s.

lbbyl«in
18 by 18 1
y22m bSs 20by20 n
y24m 80s 22by22in

WOOD BA£ROW.

eO.'S ILLUSTRATED GARDEN CATALOGUE
(the most complet^e published) free by Post.
All orders Carriaije I'iud to any .Station. Discount for Cash.

DEANE & CO.,

''"• ""sufeL """" \ L OND ON BR ID GE.

" Gather Honey from Your Flowers."

NEIGHBOUR'S CELEBRATED

BEE-HIVES

For taking Honey without

the Destruction of

the Bees.

Silver Medals and several
others awarded to

GEO. NEIGHBOUR & SONS

FUR THtIR IMPBOVi:i>

COTTAGE BEEHIVE,

■rigiually introduced by them,

king three bell-glasses or tray

ectioiial supers, is neatly and

ugly made of straw ; it has

e windows in the lower Hive.

his Hive will be found to pos-

many practical advantages,

more easy of management

any other that has been

tpxluued.

Price, complete, £1 15 0
Stand for ditto 0 10 6

THE GUINEA FRAME HIVE,

r and a ca.se of 1 lb. Sections with cover are included.
Price, unpainted, 21s.

CATALOGUE of Improved HIVES and APPLIANCES,
with Drawings and Prices.

GEO. NEIGHBOUR & SONS,

127, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C,

and 149, REGENT STREET. LONDON, W.
Eatablahed 1816.

WINE GROWERS' AGENTS

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

Old-established Wine and Spirit Merchants.

GOOD DINNER CLAEETS from 12s. 6d. per dozen.

SOLE AGE.N'TS FOP,

GEVENCEY CHAMPAGNE (Specialit*?), 3 Os. per dozen.

99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.C.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS ai-i HEATING ENGINEERS.

O ,r GREENHOUSE.^ and HEAT-
l\(, APPABATVS are Erected in
eitri, port of the Kingdom.

Complete Raugea of

VINERIES
PEACH HOUSES,

FORCING HOUSES, &c.,

GARDEN FRAMES

of every variety in stock.
■ General CATALOGUE Post-free.

SILVESTER'S PATENT STEEL TRENTHAM BOILER.

Hot -water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

SADDLE, VERTICAL, and OTHER
BOILERS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &0.

All kinds of HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS erected complete.

HYDRAXTLIC RAMS AND PUMPING MACHINERY FOR ALL PURPOSES.

STABLE and HARNESS ROOM FITTINGS, ENGINES, BOILERS, and MACHINERY.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

1887.

Please send me " The Gardeners' Chronicle " for _
,/o)' xohich 1 enclose P.0.0._

commencing _^__

(3" Please Note that all Copies sent Direct Atom this Office must bo paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, I6s. ; 6 Months, 7s. M. ; 3 Months, ;)s. W. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including PosUge, 17s. (W. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6i

Receipts for less than sii months' snbscription ivill not be sent unless speciolly asked for.

P. 0,0. to be made paitnhle at the Post Office,

No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Offlce, 41. WeUington Street Covent Oarden, London W.O
Printed by William Biohabds, at the Offlce of Meeers. BBiDiuBY, AaxEW &. Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Cityof I^ndo-. ■■> the Co"ity of Middlesex and published by the
•aid WU.UAH BloHiBDS, at the Offloe, 11, Wellington Street, Parish of 3t. Paul's, Covent Oarden, in the said County.— SiTDBDAT, July 23, 1887. Agent for Manohester-JoKll HErwoOD.

ESTABtiSHED

No. 31.-V0L. 11. gzz}

SATURDAY, JULY 30, 1887.

[Regt. as ft Newspaper. f \f ^ ^ 3*1.

V. POST-FEEK. 3ia.

CONTENTS.

Apiary

Botanical Maga2me

Bryn-y-N'euadii

Cierodendroo Thomsoua:

var. Balfourianum

Colonial note3

Crinum crassipes
Cultural MemoraQda ...
Epideodrum Kienastii ...
Ferns, our native, and

their varietiea

Florists' flowers

Flower garden, the

Fruita under glass
Gardening appyointment
Hardy fruit garden
Hendre, Monmouth, con-
servatory at

Kew notes...

Kitchen garden, the
Lauriston Hall, Torquay,
R. Veitch'srockworkat
Law notes —
Richardson v, Clarke

&Co

Maize and Fruits in Ten-

Mystacidium filicorne ...

he-

Moore, the late Mr. T. ...
Newton's patent glazing .
Odontoglossum + crista-

tellum

Oncidium hastat'

Orchid notes

People's Palace, the

Plants and their culture

Prunes in Ser\'ia

Royal Horticultural So-
ciety 134,

Seeds, vitality of

Silene pusilla

Societies : —
Manchester Rose
National Carnation ...
Royal Horticultural ...
Scottish Arboricultural

Strawberry Victory

Streptocarpus, hybrid ...

Trees and shrubs

,, old and memorial .

Trop»oluma at Chiswick

Urginea eriospermoides .

Watering plants, philo-
sophy of

Illustrations.

Clerodendrou Thomsonffi var. Balfourianum
Hendre, Monmouth, the Conservatory at ..

Lauriston, rockwork at

Mystacidium filicorne

Scoly tu3 destructor

THE LI^'ERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.
The EIGHTH GRAND SUMMER EXHIBITION of PLANTS,
FLOWERS. FRUIT, and VEGETABLES, will be held in Sefton
Park, on SATURDAY, July 30. and Bank Holiday, AUGUST 1.
Entries Close July 23. Schedules of Prizes can be had on appli-
cation to

ABBEY PARK, LEICESTER.—
A GRAND FLOWER SHOW and GALA will be held
on TUESDAY, August 2, 1887. under the patronage of the
Mayor and Corporation. Liberal Prizes, including the Veit«h
Memorial Medal and £5 for Ist Prize Collection of Fruit,
8 dishes (Pines excluded); 2nd Prize, £3; 3rd Prize, £2;
4th Prize, £1. Schedules, &c., can be had from

Mr. JOHN BURNS, Secretary and Curator.

CLAY CROSS.— The THIRTIETH
ANNUAL EXHIBITION wiU be held on TUESDAY,
August 16. Prizes TWO HUNDRED and THIRTY-SEVEN
POUNDS. Entries Close August 8. t <!TnTTARn «»,.

Clay Cross, Chesterheld. J. STOLLARD, Sec.

SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
SUMMER SHOW (open to all), AUGUST 17 and 18.
Twenty Plants, £25, £20, £15. CoUection of Fruit, £10, £6,
£3. For Grapes, £44. Collection of Vegetables, 8 sorts, £5,
£3, £2, £1. Schedules and full particulars from
Messrs. ADNTTT and NAUNTON, Shrewsbury, Hon. Sees.

AIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL SHOW will be held in the Grounds of Bray-
wick Lodge, on THURSDAY, AugustlS, 1887. Schedules can be

""^y" Parkgottage, Maidenhead, ^r- O. KING. Secretary.

WC. HOLLAND, who is resigning his
• appointment with E. G. Hendebson & Son, Maida
Vale, begs to inform his numerous Friends that he will shortly
be in a position to make most advantageous offers of PLANTS,
SUNDRIES, and everything connected with Horticulture;
when he trusts to retain the confidence and support he has
hitherto enjoyed. Further particulajs will shortly appear.
Address will remain up to August 6 — Pine-apple Nursery,
Maida Vale, W.

Begonias a Specialty.

LAING'S BEGOM I AS.— Awarded the Jubilee
Gold Medal at Manchester, and two Gold Medals by the
Royal Horticultural Society previously, also 26 First-class
Certificates this season, to our novelties, being evidence of
quality. Descriptive Price LIST free on application.
JOHN LAING AND CO.. The Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus. Lilies. &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London. E.C.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.—
Eighteenth year of distribution. Williams' Superb
Strain, Is. 6<i. per dozen ; 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same
price. Package and carriage free. Volonte Nationale alba,
the best winter white PELARGONIUM, strong rooted plants.

Is. each.

JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.

A Few Laxge Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 6 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
CbamGerops excelsa, and Phosnix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

K

ELWAY AND SON.

KELWAY'S "MODEL" CALCEOLARIA.
KELWAYS "MODEL" CINERARIA.
Price of Seed on application.
Langport. Somerset.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for larg*
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Brealau, Germany.

Hyacintlis, Tulips, Crocus, &c.

WHOLESALE TRADE CATALOGUE
now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on appli-
cation. Low prices. First-class bulbs.

B. J. LOMANS, Bulb Grower, Haarlem.

LAXTON'S " NOBLE " STRAWBERRY.—
The only Fruit lokich received a Fint-class Certificate
from the Royal Horticultural Society in the year ending June,
1887, and the only Fruit Certificated at the Society's great
Liverpool Show, July, 1886. This wonderfully large, handsome,
and prolific early Strawberry, of first quality, made the highest
wholesale price in Covent Garden Market during the past three
seasons. Mr. J. Muir, after trying and forcing it, says, " In
my opinion the most extraordinary and valuable Strawberry in
ciUtivation." Particulars of this and " Laxton'8jubilee,"afine
new late variety ; see previous issue of this Paper — also free
on application. Coloured plate of " Noble," 6rf., from

THOMAS LAXTON, Seed and Novelty Grower, Bedford.

WANTED, BUDS for Budding of TEA
ROSES, Comtesse de NadaiUac. Honble. Edith Giffard,
Princess of Wales, Souvenir de Gabrielle Drevet, and H.P. Lady
Mary Fitzwilliam. Will EXCHANGE or PURCHASE for
Cash. Offers to

FRANK CANT, Rose Grower, Colchester.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NUKSEBTMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

QUELCH AND BARN HAM,

North Bow, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly, or aspreferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

WANTED, Large PALMS, TREE FERNS,
and other large ORNAMENTAL FOLLiGED PLANTS,
in EXCHANGE for ORCHIDS or OTHER PLANTS. Send full
particulars to

The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston,
Liverpool.

DAFFODILS. — Hartland's famous stocks now
ready for delivery. LISTS free.
DAFFODIL IRISH PRINCEPS, magnificent sample for forcing.
Write for quotation.
WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware
house, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC .IDDRESS— " PTERIS," LONDON.

LOE VARIEGATA.— For Sale, a Pair of fine

Plants, suitable for large house. For particular^, apply,
GEO. BOLTON, Nurseryman, Buntingford, Herls.

URICULA PLANTS. — Winning Show

Varieties, for Sale; also Alpines and Seed from beautiful
strains. Potting time.

F. POHLMANN, Parkinoon Lane. Halifax.

Primula chlnense. fl. albo-pleno.

DOUBLE WHITE P R I M U L A.—
From small pots. 30s. per lOU ; from pans, prii ked off,
well-rooted cuttings, 20s. Free to any railway station in tlic-
Uuiteti Kingdom. Good arrival guaranteed. Price for larger
quantities on application.

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Brealau, Germany.

D I A N T U M C UN E ATUM —

ADIANTUM CUNEATUM.
5(X) Plants in 48's, large enough for 24 'i, to be sold a bargain

To Market Growers and Others.

FOUR TONS of AFRICAN TUBEROSES
for SALE. Offers wanted. Must be sold at very low
ratea to clear. Samples on application.

Stamford Hill Nursery, Amhurst Park, N.

E

AST LOTHIAN STOCK,

for present sowing, Very superior strain. Scotch

saved. Crimson. Purple, Scarlet, and White.

rimson and \Vhit« Wallflower-leaved, Is., 23. 6d.. andSi.pkt.

IRELAND AND THOMSON, 81. Princes Street, Edinburgh.

New Roses In Pots.

LIST of the most select sorts n^
Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of best sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality.
SAMPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in 5-inch pots, carefully
packed for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 15s.

HALF a" DOZEN ditto, on receipt of 8s.
EWING AND CO.,
Sea View Nurseries. Havant, Hampshire.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON. 25. Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars. London, E.C.

CHITTY, 68, Stamford Hill, London, N.,

• is prepared to accept an offer for the whole stock of
the unique and splendid COLEUS exhibited by him at the
Exhibition in the Royal Botanic Gardens on June 15 ult,, and
to which a First-class Certificate was awarded. The stock cou-
iiats of 68 large Plants, iu tine leafage, and fit for exhibition,
and 300 strong Plants established in small pots, and ready for im-
mediate distribution May be viewed any day, Sundays excepted.

To the Trade.

Sovring RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel
Sl Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
frea, 3d.— W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

122

THE GAFDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

iJuLT 30, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Thursday Next.— (Saie No. 7452.)

VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
CATTLEYA SCHRODER^E.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 4, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, an importation, just arrived, of this rare and
exceptionally beautiful CATTLEYA, with broad and dietinct-
lookiDg leaves. Its large and free-blooming habit aud its
broad green foliage render it worthy of a space in every col-
lection. The petals and lipa are finely fringed, aud the whole
flower of a delicate purple. For further description of this
desirable Orchid, see Gardeners' Chronicle, April 16, 1887,
p. 512, where Professor Reicheubach describes it a^ a coriieous
novelty.

At the same time will be offered CATTLEYA SUPEREA
SPLENDENS, true, from Rio Brauco, and the fiueat form in
existence; CATTLEYA ELDORADO SPLENDENS. from the
Orinoco River ; CATTLEYA SPECIES, from a hitherto
unexplored district in the Brazils, both bulbs and leaves very
plump and fresh with sound dormant eyes. The above splendid
Cattleyas in most excellent condition with fine green foliage,
and sound dormant eyes. Cattleya superba splendeus must
not be confounded with the common superba from Demerara,
from which it totally differs; its flowers are larger auil of a
deeper and far more brilliant hue ; it is one of the be^t of the
whole genus, and a most striking and brilliant hue. It is of
easier growth than the ordinary form and more floriferous ;
very few plants of this handsome species exist in collecti

Cattleya Eldorato splende
habitat, and is a very W:
large and of fine shape ; ~-
yejjow, lower part from H.

-if-Tl ■=1..-

SOPHRONITES CERINA,

ny oth.

its native
- ; the whole flower ia
ri •''', lip deep golden-
I -I purple.
I lanls of C.VTTLEYA
LullA, tine pieces of
ORCHIDS of value.

ling of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutch Bulbs.— Trade Sales.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his FIRST SALE of DUTCH BULBS this Season will
take place at his Great Rooms, 38, KingStreet, Covent Garden.
W.C., on MONDAY, August 15, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, and will consist of lots specially suited for the Trade
and other large buyers.

N.B.— The Sales will after this Date take place every MON-
DAY'. WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY.

M

Speoiaa Sale of OrcWds In Flower.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his next SPECIAL .SALE of ORCHIDS iu Flower will
take place at his Great Rooms, 33, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, Augnst U, and he will be
glad if Gentlemen desirous of entering Plants for this Sale will
please send particulars as soon as possible.

HerefordsMre, near to Malvern.

To GENTLEMEN FRUIT GROWERS, GARDENERS,
and Others.
" RIDGWAY HOUSE " and other FREEHOLD PROPERTY in
the Pariah of Cradley. near to Malvern, beingabout II miles
from Malvern, o from Colwall, 6 from Bromyard, and 10
from Worcester.

ESSRS. GATES, PERRENS, and WOOLI)-

RIDGE are favoured with instructions (unless previously
disposed of by Private Treaty) to SELL by AUCTION^ by ordir
of the mortgagee of the late Mrs. Yapp, at the Mart, Pierpoiiit
Street. Worcester, on WEDNESDAY, August 3, 1837. at 1 for 5
o'clock, snbjeet to conditions, the following valuable FREE-
HOLD PROl'ERTIES, viz. :—

Lot 1.— '■RIDGWAY HOUSE," with Gardens, Hothouses,
Cottage, Orchard, Outbuildings, and Appurtenance-s, situate
on the road from Worcester to Hereford, and comprising an
area of 2 acres and 20 perches, in the occupation of Mr. .T. W.
Webb. The House stands amidst charming scenery, command-
ing splendid views of the Malvern Range, and comprises 2
Reception Rooms, 6 Bedrooms, and suitable Domestic Offices.
The Hothouses consist of a large Peach House, 150 by 30 feet,
with span roof ; Fig House, 33 feet 9 inches by 15 feet 6 inches;
long range of Vineries, ISO by 18 feet, in three divisions; small
Conservatory ; Peach House, adjoining the back of the Dwelling
House ; 2 Forcing Pits, 48 ft. 8 in. by 8 ft., and 19 by 10 feet
respectively, and used for Tomatos; Tomato House, 83ft. 6 in.
by 13 ft, G in., and a large Workshop with glass root, used for
growing Peaches. The whole of the Hothouses and Pits are of
recent erection, in good order, and are heated with a complete
system of Hot- water Apparatus, provided with Boilers In dupli-
cate and stack. The Soil of this locality has been proved to be
especially adapted for the Growing of Grapes aud Stone Fruit,
and the fruit from the houses on this lot has in recent years
been amongst the finest that has been sent to the London and
other markets. The Vines, Peaches, Figs, and Tomatos have
all been very carefully trained by the present tenant, and there
13 an abundant show of fruit. The Kitchen Garden is well
stocked with all sorts of Vegetables and Fruit Trees. There is
also a Cottage and small Paddock adjoining the Kitchen Garden,
and on the opposite side of the road are Coach House and
Stabling, Cow Sheds, Lime House, Barn, and other Out-
buildin{|S ; also a small Orchard.

Lot 2.— a 4-roDm COTTAGE, with Bakehouse, also a large
Garden and Field of Meadow Land and Orchard, comprising in
all an area of 5 acres and 21 perches, situate near the road from
Worcester to Hereford, near Lot 1, and let to Mr. Griffiths at a
rent of £18 per annum. This Land would make grand Straw-
berry Beds.

For particulars and further information apply to Messrs.
CORSER AND WALKER, Solicitors, Stourbridge ; or the Auctio-
neers. Angel Place. Worcester; also Stourbridge and Droitwich.

Hauwell.

FREEHOLD DETACHED RESIDENCE, with large Garden
and extensive Range of Glasshouses.— To Nurserymen,
Florists, and Others.— Wifh posses'-ion.

MR. W. A. BLAKEMORE will SELL by
AUCTION, at the "Duke of York" Hotel, Hanwell on
THURSDAY, August 4, at 6 for 7 o'clock, the FREEHOLD
detached RESIDENCE, Floral Villa, Boston Road containing
12 Rooms, &c., large Garden in the rear (small part leasehold),
and Ranges of Glasshouses and Forcing Pits.

May be viewed, and particulars and plans had of E. DRAPER
Esii., Solicitor. 3. Vincent Square, Westminster ; at the place
of Sale ; and of the Auctioneer, 21, Salisbury Street, Strand

Friday Next.

IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

CATTLEYA RANDERIANA - ODdNTOGLOSSUM ALEX-

ANDR.E.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co. tu
S^LL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68,
Cheapside. London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, August 5, at
Half-jiast 12 o.Clock precisely, a splendid Importation of
CATTLEYA SANDERIANA, in very tine conditioS, the entire
consijf nment being offered ; an unusually good lot of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM ALEXANDR^E of this well-known type, and in the
best possible condition ; O. grande, Lycaste Skinneri. On-
cidium Weltoni (true), O. Kramerianum, Comparettia macn>-
plectron. Sec.

The sale will also include a specially selected assortment of
about 160 lots of Choice ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS- another
property.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogu.-s had.

Dutch Bulbs.

aPECIAI, TRADE SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at llieir Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on MONDAY, August 15,
THURSDAY, August 18, also on August 22, 2."i, 27, and 29,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NAKCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality. The lots in these Sales are specially made up to

the Trad.> and othf ' ^

On view ni

M

Messrs. William Maule & Sons Nurseries,

Stapletuu Kii.id, and Sloke Gilford, Bristol.
To NIIRSEIIYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and FLORISTS.

R. EDWARD T. PARKER has been
favoured with instructions from Miss L. Maule (the
Executrix of the late Mr. Alexander .1. Maule), to negotiate
for SALE by PRl V AT TREATY the VALUABLE GOODWILL,
POSSESSION, and STOCK of this OLD-ESTABLISHED BUSI-
NESS, whi. h bus bei-ii successfully carried on by the late Mr.
Maule and his predecessors for tile past 117 years.

The Nurseries are situate at Stoke Gifford, 3J miles from the
Stapleton Road Offices ; they have a good aspect aud well shel-
tered position, and comprise about 25 acres of magnificent soil,
especially adapted for growing American Plants, Rhododen-
drons, Azaleas, and every other description of Trees and Plants.

There are Offices, Stabling, Stores, and every convenience ;
also a large Greenhouse fitted with Hot-water Apparatus of
the most modern description.

The Stock is now in a very healthy condition, and includes
Forest Trees, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Rhododendrons,
Conifiers, &c. ; also Fruit Trees of all kinds. Stove, Green-
house, and other Plants.

Attached to the Business is an extensive conuection among
the principal Nobility aud Gentry in the Kingdom, Messrs.
Maule & Sons having the reputation for supplying stock of the
highest character.

The Goodwill has been fixed at a nominal sum, and the Stock
and.Utensils will have to be taken to by valuation.

Mr. Edward T. Parker begs to direct the attention of those
seeking a really genuine concern, as the Nurseries are situate
within a mile of Patchway Station, which affords communica-
tion to all parts of the country, and the Business is one of the
best known in the West of England and South Wales. If
desired, easy terms of payment can be arranged.

For further particulars and cards to view, apply EDWARD
T. PABKER. Auctioneer and Valuer, 39, Broad Street, Bristol.

FOR SALE, through ill-health of o^vner, an
old-established CUT FLOWEB, FRUIT GROWING
and NURSERY BU.SrNESS, near Birmingham— a really firsts
class opening. Ingoing by^aluation.

B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street
Strand, W.C.

FOR SALE, in consequence of Mr. Imrie's
death, the old-established and well-known NTJBSERY
BUSINESS so successfully carried on for upwards of sixty
years at Ayr. The Grounds extend to about 40 Acres, adjoin-
ing the Railway Station, and are well stocked with saleable
Trees and Shrubs. Further particulars on application to
IMRIE AND CO.\IPA^Df■ The Nurseries. Ayr. N.B.

TO BE SOLD, as, a going oouceiu, LE-ISE,
GOODWILL, and -STOCK,, of a genuine . Small NUR-
SERY BUSINESS, aituatain a. fashionable Loudon suburb
(Surrey side). Owuer.retiriujf. Apply to . ■'-:■■

Mr. LANE, Surveyor, 33, Elam Street, Camberwell, S.E;

To Gentlemen...Flonsts, and others,
'■po BE LET or SOLD, a MAltKET

X NURSERY, a few miles from Cov.iit Ganb-n. Th.-re
are 4 acres of Land, 10,000 feet of Gla-ss, and good bwelliii"
House. Lease 71 years, tithes reclaimed. Rent, £35. Ill"
health cause of parting.
Apply by letter for particulars to A. B., Mr. Hartroue,
High Street, Lewisham, S.E.

Stationi

To Florists, &c.

To BE LET or SOLD, on Bexley Heath,
8 new GREENHOUSES, 200 by 12 and 16 feet, now
planted with Tomatos. Room to erect more. Apply

W. G. BAILEY, Florist, The Nurseries, Bexley, Kent.

QMALL NURSERY,

O 6 miles from Mancheste
cheap.— J., Gardeners' Chronicle Offii
Strand, W.C.

5000 feet of Glass,

stock, all complete. Very

41, Wellington Street,

Navarlno Eoad, Hackney.

nrO BE LET, a large GARDEN, Green-

J- houses. Vineries, Ferneries, and Stove Houses. Cottage

if required. ''

Apply, C. M,, 342, Mare Street, Hackney, W.

TTo Market Gardeners and Others.
0 LET, at Michaelmas next, about 13^ acres
of LAND, at Plaietow, situated iu the Prince Regent's
Lane, aud close to the Barking Road. For particulars apply to
Messrs. GLUTTON, 9, Whiteliall Place, S W.

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

Donations and Subscriptions ahead//
promised or sent.
SIXTH LIST-

Goldsmid, Sir Julian, liart., M.P.
Mcintosh, James, Duneevau, Oatlanda

Park, Weybridge

Lawrence. Sir Trevor, Bart., M.P., B

ford Lodge, Dorking

Bull. William, King's Road. Chelsea
Courtauld, S., Bocking Placs, Braintree
Xow, Hngh & Co., The Nurseries, Clap-
ton, E

Beale. E. J., Messrs. James Carter & Co.
Week9&Co.,John, King's Road, Chelsea
Llewelyn, J.T. D., PenlTergare, Swai
Adams, H. J., Roseneath, Enfield, N

Cannell. Henry, Swauley

Hibberd, Shirley, Priory Road, Kew
Fraser, J., Lea Bridge Road Nursery,

Leyton

Grimwood, E., 127. Fleet Street, E.C.
Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., Park

Road. Clapham

Taiitz., F. G., Studley House, Hammer-
smith

Wills, John. 16. Onslow Crescent, S.W,
Wills &Segar, The Nurseries, Onslow

Crescent, S.W.

Wright, J.. 171, Fleet Street, E.G.
Bull, William, Jun., King's Road

Strand
Fromow & Sons, W., Sutton Court

Nursery, Chiswick

Allan, W.. Gardener, Gunton Park,

Norwich

Little, H., The Barous, Twickenham „

Munro, J., Richmond

Sharman, C. H., Messrs. James Carter

&Co

Cutler, E. R., Bonwicks. Wimbledon
Ford. J. H., London and County Bank,

Nurseries, Maid-

nier, Hasfield Court,
Hazlewood, King's

Richmond
Bunyard, G.,

stone

Castle, L., Hotham House, Merton
Pritt, Mrs., Rampsbeck House, Ulls-

"water, Pe

Venahles, F.. Woodlands, Keuley, Surrey
Venable'*, Mrs. F,, Woodlands, Kcnley,

Holmes. W., Frampton Park Nurseries,

Hackney, E

Dover, B., Gardener, High Leigh,

Hoddesdon

Rnyson, W

Aplin. J.. Gard.

Gloucester
Stanward, W.,

Langley ...
Trinder, G.. Dogmersfield Gardens,

Winchfield

Petch. J. R., Rozella Cottage, Brom-

Mauor, Notts ,..
Bailee. T.. Gardener. Burnage Ha

Leowshulme, Manchester ...
Bradshaw, T.. Gardener. Hillsboi

Cattle, Hillstoro*, County Down
Hnrtland, J., Gardener, Canon Frome

Court, Ledbury ,

Jeal, A. j'.. Gardener. Woodlands, Kenley,

Surrey '„.;-' ... ' ...

Soar, C," GSrdener-ttr^Ir^ H. S. Thorn-
ton. Clapham Common ' .'.
Cove, A. W.. Grdnr.. PentiUie. Castle,

St. Melliou. Cornwall-

Carpenter. J., SJaniford Road, Watford
Fitt, J. H., Gardener, The Frythe,

Welwyn... ■ ... ;..

Norbury, W.F.. "Brentford

Foretoan. The, P^ntUiie Castle Gardens,
_St, Mellioo^Connvall - ... - ...

1 1 U
1 1 0

10 0
0 10 6

1 1

1 1

1 1
1 1

0 10
0 10

O' 5
K* 5

0 5

0 5

U 5

0 2

Further HdnaUms. and Subscriptions will be thankfully
received by

A. F. BAERON, Honorary Secretary.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIKTY'S GARDENS
CHISWICK. LONDON, W.

SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect
House. Belper, Derbyshire, begs to offer the following, of
which he makes a Specialty : —

PRIMULAS — PRIMULAS — PRIMULAS. — Grand Premier
Prize and Covent Garden strains of the finest new colours, as
Pure White, Carmine, Rose. Salmon, Crimson, &c. Fine large
tru^sc and beautifully fringed flowers; strong plants, to bloom
well, Is.Sd.perdoz; extra strong. Is. 6rf. ; 95. per 100. All free.

CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS. — Bull's
celebrated prize strain, dwarf, compact habit and most
brilliant colours ; cannot possibly be excelled. Good plants.
Is. 3^. per dozen ; extra strong. Is. 6rf. ; 9s. per 100. All free.

CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN — CYCLAMEN. — Same grand
strain and from the same celebrated growers that I have sent
out for the last twenty years, but with all the latest improve-
ments in colour, size, form, and habit, lyearold plants, \3.6d.
per do7en ; extra strong, 2s. ; 10*. per 100. All carriage free.

SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Belper.

JciT: 30, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' GHB^ONICLE.

RL

123

SEEDLING PLANTS

OF CHOICE

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE
in offering the following, iu strong, healthy, trans-
planted young stuff, from our superb strains.
Free hy Post at prices quoted.

Per dozen.— s. d.
Auriculas, alpine. ^'ery choice, strong young

piaiit-^ tor Mourning next season 2 6

Calceolarias, herbaceous, splendid strain ... 2 6
CamatlonB and Picotees. From choicest naijied

flowers per 100, 105:6rf. 1 6

,, yellow varieties 3 6

Cinerarias. Large flowered, very tine,

per 100, 10s. 6d. 1 li

Hollyhocks. Choicest double o tj

Primulas, Alba magnifica. Splendid pure white 3 6
Crimson King. Deep crimson, magnificent

colour ^ t)

Queen of Whites. Very fine 3 6

Purpurea magnifica. Superb variety 3 6

The Bride. New dark-st«mmed pure white,

splendid 3 6

Choicest red, white, or mixed,

per 100, 105. Qd. 1 6

Fern-leaved. Choice mixed „ 105. 6d. 1 6

Primroses. High coloured hybrids, very choice

strain per 100, 10s. 6rf. 1 6

Polyanthus, gold-laced. Fine „ 75. 6d. 1 0

Primulas, double, pure white. Splendid for furnish-
ing an abundance of cut flowers throughout the autumn
and winter. Well-rooted strong young plants, from
3-inch pots, per 100, 425.; perdoz., 6s.; three for l5. 9d.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOAVN CLOSE NURSERIES,
NORWICH.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
BHODODENDBONS and HOLLIES.

\

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest AVholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KINC4'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18«. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application,

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

aisofe

BEGONIASmBioom.

CARNATIONS in Bloom.

ROSES"! Bloom.

Superb Stocks. Inspection invited.
CATALOGUES Free.

QA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, ^of all the

OV'^VfV'"^' finest Double and Single' VflO-ieties (some
of the flowera of which become 10 inches acros**. and art' of
every shade, from pure wliite to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from IL'.t. to 24s. per dozen, stron"
plants ; extra atronji plants, repotted into S^ir.rh pots, -Js. m.
each. De.'icriptive LIST on uppHcatiom^BICHARD SMITH
AND C0., Nurterymen and Set-d :;\Ieriiiattta, Worcester.

DUTCH AND JAPE BULBS.

ANT. ROOZEN & SON,

OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

Have pleasure in infomiinp their numerous Friends that
their harvest of Bulba is unu?uallv tine this season, and that
their CATALOGUE for 1887. containing details of their im-
mense Collections of New, Rare, and Sine Bulbs and Plants
(86 pages, in English^ \s now ready, and will, aa.usual, be sent
Post-free, ouapplieationtothem, or to their General Agents for
Great Britain,

MESSRS. MERTENS & CO.,
3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.G.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, in SFLENIHD CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOQttE. containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation." Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive "List of New, RaBE, and

Choice Ferns," and " Hardy North American Ferns,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 65. per bushel {Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages ana printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignatureattached,

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurserie.'*. N.

NARGISS AND ALL OTHER BULBS.

Priced CATALOGUE of our unequalled
stock Post-free on application.

"James Dickson & Sons"

108 E.VSTGATE ST. \
•NEWTON' NUKSEHIEsi ""'^^'^'^'

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowleilgerl to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS. &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

by innumerableunsoIicitedTestimonials. Rhododendron PEAT.
LEAF-MOULD. LOAM. SAND. SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FIBRE. CHARCOAL. &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK, For Price List and Testimonials.

EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

JENSEN'S

Every grain fertilizes because the Guano is ptrfectly
pare. It ia most economical, one part of Manure to

100 parts of soil being ample for garden use.
Write for Pamphlet, Testimonials and Instructions.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker's analysis puaranie-d. FISH-POTASH
contains Ammonia, Phosi^hatea and Potash in large
proportions, which are the principal elements of

fertilization.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins, Is. ; in Bags, 71bs., 2s. ; 141bs.,

4s.; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d.; 56 lbs., 10s. 6d. : 1 cwt.,

16s.; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED,
10, St. Helen's Place, London, E.G.

To OrcUd Growers.

A JOHNSON AND GO., 23, Leadenh»ll-Street,
• London, an- offering splendid PEAT, in fact no better
obtainable. Samples cart be seeo at above address, or Jorwarded
on application if reijuired.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider. Thrjp. Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, dc. dc.
PERFECTLY 1 '" ""■ nands and Skin, but mil cure
uaouirco Kingworm in Animals, and all Di.^oasea
nAnmLcbb J produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A f'omliimtion uf ITydrocnrhon Oils, made soluble in
Wuti-v, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that Infest Trees and Plants, whether at tlie Eoots or
on the FnliiKO.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d. 2s. 6d. .& ts.6d;

4 gallon Vs. Gd, 1 gallon 123, 6d. or less in lai-ger quantities.

A Treatise on FIB TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale : Hooper & Co. ; Corby, Sopeb, Fowler & Co. :
C. E. OsM.^N & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chants and "Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. NEW

YORK— ROLKER & S0N3.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

Throws a fine
spray 20 ft., and
a jet 30 ft., with
great force.

A splendid
substitute for the
Syringe for using
Insecticide, Price
25s. A larger
size for watering
2)urposes, 45s.
Carriage Paid.

HUGHES'

APHICIDE

For
Glass Houses,

HUGHES'

GREEN& CREAM COLOR SHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applied — Lasts all the

Summer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas, U | ■ ^\U CTO V

&c., and for Cut Flowers. ri V Oil bO

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon tf. Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Driea
instantly. Sold in bottles, Is. & 2s. Per post 3d. extra,

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing- Vines Bleeding after Pruning-.
Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.
For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, |JI|P|JCC'
Crickets, Bugs, Keas, Mosquitos, &c. nUwiltO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses, — for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price. 6d., Is. & 2/6. Per post 3d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, °?miSS^*

VK3T0RIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

1:24

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jtn-ir a), 1887.

RCHIDS,

CHARLES PATIN,

Belgian Consul,

MEDELLIN, ANTIOQUIA,

REPUBIC OF COLOMBIA,

Bci^/s to offer the folloiving Orchids,
Sfc. :—

Ariticta Humboldti

.. H irlteri
Aiigul''^ Cloweai

, , ebumea

,, UDiilora

Batemania Burti

„ meleagria
Bullea Patini

„ I^lindei
Hrassavolasp., white
C.itasetum discolor

,. sp. white
Cattleya aurea and gigas

„ gigas Sanderiana

,, Triaoce

„ chocoensis
C/gDOches chlorochilum
Cypripedium caudatum

C'yrtopodium 9p., yellow spot-
ted with brown [elmi

Epidendrum Frederici Guili-
,, Imperator

,. „ scarlet

., Wallisii

Epistephium ap.,

Oon^ora portentosa

Helcia sp.

J louUetia odoratissiraa, var.

„ chrysantha
,. sp. yellow
Kefersteniasp., white spotted

T.Tlia Patini

Lycaste Deppei punctatissima
gigantej

.. planifolia

,, platanilla

.. sp. nova of cold climate
Warscewiczella discolor
Warrea Lindeni

Conditions. — All these Plants are delivered free of charge at
Southampton or Liverpool; from there buyerd take all responsi-

Maxillaria ap., white and ros*
Miltonia Warscewiczii
Mormodes 8p., white spotted
Odontoglossuu

,, brevifolium

,, Alexandrae

„ liliiflorum

„ Hallii

,, luteo-purpui

,, Pescatorei
„ Patini
„ Spathaceum
„ vexillarium
„ Wallisii
Oncidium aureum

" ,. Hensoii
„ Krameri

„ serratum

,, trepadorsp. no

,, Schlimii

., Weltoni
Peristeria elata
Pescatorea Dayana
Pilumna fragrans

Sobralia amoena
„ virginalis

,, leucoxantha

„ xantholeucft

Stanhopea sp.,yellO'

[brown
Spotted

,, ,, white, sweet smell
Stenia fimbriata
Telipogon, six species
Tricopilia sp. See Pilumna
Uropedium Lindeni
Utricularia montana

,, ccerulea
Vanilla angustifolia

,, aromatica

Prices are quoted in Euglish sterling, £1, equal to 20 marks
25 francs, 6 dollars American, gold. Orders should be accom
Iianied by a remittance in the form of drafts, cheques, &c on
well accredited banking establishments ; but if satisfactory
references be given, payment may be made by Bills of Exchange
drawn at 60 days after sight ; smaller amounts at sight
Orders under £20 cannot be attended to.

To secure the arrival of the Plants in good condition con
signments, if not expressly ordered otherwise, will be dis-
patched only when the Plants are in fit condition to travel the
months being January to April, and July to October.

I M. Ch. Patin made unprotit-

Note. — Payments may be effected through

MESSRS. ENRIQUE CORTES & CO.,

Limited,

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EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

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SOLE AGENTS FOR

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Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., tonstrmtfd ou oi

perfectioQ ot (growing hou--*es, ami fur pructioul utility, ecouomy, uud durability carniut be equalled. We

Conservatories and Winter Gardens <I'.siened architecturally correct without the assistance of any oue out of our firm,
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Jdlt 30, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

125

Carters' Seeds

PRESENT SOWING.

CABBAGE— Carters' Early Heaitwell.

Pronounced to be the finest early Cabbage in cultiva-
tion. Very distinct. The heads are extremely tirm,
weiching from 4 to 6 lb.
In sealed packets only — Per pkt., \s. Sl 6d. ; per oz., Is. 6d.

All post free.

CABBAGE— Carters' Mammoth Beefheart.

LEHUCE.

outside leaves, and does not readily
Summer Cabbage known.
In seakd packets — Per pkt., Is. and tirf. ; per ounce. Is. 8(/.

Price, per pkt., post free.

C.\RTER,S' (ilANT WHITE COS ed. &.'{ 0

DUNNKTT'S GI.\NT WINTER COS W. & 1 0

HARDY'S NORTHERN KING COS 1 tj

CARTERS' LONGSTANBER CABBAGE LET-
TUCE 2s. 6i. & 1 0

ALL THE YEAR ROn<'D CABBAGE LETTUCE ... 0 6

Post free. Peroz. Per pkt.

CARTERS' GOLDEN GLOBE TRIPOLI.

GIANT ROCCA

GIANT WHITE TRIPOLI

E.^RLY WHTTE NAPLES

GIANT MADEIRA

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

So-w Now for Early Flowering In Spring.

ROEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES.
6g° The finest strain of Pansies in the world. ,^
CATALOtillE gratis and post-free on application.
FRIEDR. ROElUiR. Seed Grower. Qucdlinburg, Germany.

STRAWBERRIES.

CHARLES TURNER'S
NEW AND DESCRIPTIVE LIST

DUTCH BTTLBS CHEAP.

FRENCH BTJLBS CHEAP.

ENGLISH BTJLBS CHEAP.

See our Wholesale CATALOG Ui: of Bulbs,
free on application,

1 the best varietiesof HYA
3, DAFFODILS, ERIS, SN
• Prices before sending your Orders tibroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

EXETER STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

SUTTON'S SEEDS

GENUINE ONiy DIRECT FROM READING.

FOR PRESENT SOWING.
SUTTON'S Perfection CALCEOLARIA.
SUTTON'S SUPERB CINERARIA.
SUTTON'S DOUBLE PRIMULAS.
SUTTON'S SINGLE PRIMULAS.
SUTTON'S Fern-Leaved PRIMULAS.
SUTTON'S Improved Double German
"WALLFLOWER.

Prices very moderate. Particulars on application.

WEBBS' SEEDS

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

CABBAGE.

WEBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE.

6d. antl Is. per p.Tcket ; Is. 6d, per ounce.

From Mr. F. Harrison, Gardener to the Right Hon. the

Earl of Derby.—" Webbs' Emperor Cabbage was grown side

bij side icitk fottr other kindt, and was considered to be the

best itfthe lot. It is a grand Cabbage."

Early Nonpareil Cabbage 8d, per ounce.

Enfield Market Cabbage 6d

Early Ralnham Cabbage 8d

Red Dutch or Pickling Cabbage ... 8d

ONION

Webbs' Red Globe Tripoli
Large Flat Red Tripoli

Olant Rocca

White Lisbon

Per Ounce.
Per Packet, s. d.

... 6d. 1 0

... 6d. 0 9

... 6d. 1 0

0 6

FREK 11 y pri.sT OR RAIL.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING,
B.S.WILLIAMS'

Well Ripened and Heavy Bulbs of
ROMAN HYACINTHS, Early White,

from 5 to 5j inches in circumference.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS,

from 6 to 6 iuchea in circumference.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,

from 5 to (ij- inches in circumference.

LILIUM CANDIDUM, Pure White,

extra strong.
EARLY ORDERS SOLICITED,

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UPPER HOLLOWAY. LONDON, N.

For Sale.

AUSTRALIAN and NEW ZEALAND
FERNS, remaining from Colonial Exhibition.
100 DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA, fine plants, stems 3 to 6 feet.
20 TODEA BARBARA, large and handsome.
CYATHEA DEALBATA, C. SMITHI, C. MEDULLARIS,
TODEA SUPERBA and PELLUCIDA, and several hundreds
of smaller species, all in excellent condition.
For Prices, apply to

Mr. A. F, BARRON,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS,

CHISWICK, S.W.,

Where the Plants may be ijispected.

16,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LEADLSG VARIETIES,

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed 1
any in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free (
application. p^.^^ ^^ ^^^ ^.^^^^ „„ application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NUESERIES, GAKSTON,

NEAR LIVEEPOOL.

T

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.
HE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE,

Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Gardeners' Chronicle

FOB

Ne.rt Week, August 6,

WILL CONTALN A

Report on the Condition of Ih-i
Fruit Crops,

in all parts of the British Islands, 1887
(from our own Correspondents).

SATURDAY, JULY 30, 1887.

OLD AND MEMORIAL TREES.

A T a meeting of the members of the Engli.sh
-^^ Arboricultural Society held at Hexham, in
the spring, Mr. Clark, of Clark Bros, & Co. , Carl i.sle,
medallist of the Society, read a carefully prep.ired
paper on the remarkable historical and interest-
ing trees of Cumberland and district, which
was reported in the He.rham Courant, wbi nee
we take the following extracts. Leaving the
subject of ancient trees and ancient plTiitir.',
the paper went on to deal with the modern
trees of Cumberland, stating that l'>!en
Hall, the residence of the late Sir Ricb.ird
Musgrave, is famed for several remarkaljle
trees. The finest are two remarkable speci-
mens of Cedrus Libani, supposed to bo L'70
years old. The trees are planted as a pair,
and have a spread of 105 feet diameter with
great bu.shy heads, and are still quite healthy
and sound. Brougham Hall, the residence of the
Right Hon Lord Brougham and Vaux, is re-
markable for a famous old avenue of Oaks
and Walnut, Originally it was formed of two
rows of Oaks, and one of Walnut, Only two
Walnut trees now remain, but the Oaks are still
nearly intact, and sound healthy trees. This
avenue was planted as an approach to the fine
old castle, and must date from an early period,
as they are shown in full growth on some very
old plans of the castle and grounds. One Oak
girths 16 feet with at least 20 feet of a straight
bole, and all are about 60 feet high. Dalemain,
the residence of Squire Hasell, has avenue Oaks
which I consider one of the sights of Cumberland.
They are planted in two distinct avenues, the first
as you approach the Hall from Penrith, and the
second by the private road from Dacre Hall
and church. On either road you may drive
through an avenue of Oaks, eaoh avenue about
a mile long. Greystoke Castle, the residence
of H. C. Howard, Esq., is surrounded by fine
plantations, which were formed in 1746 by the
late Duke of Norfolk, Owing to their high
elevation these have not attained remarkable
dimensions, but are decidedly remarkable for the
great improvement they have made iii the land-

126

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JnLT 30, 1887.

scape of the district and their forest value. A
remarkable specimen of the Silver Fir stands
near the castle, which is 97 feet high, and
measures 15| feet girth. It has a fine tapering
habit, and is" still a sound, healthy tree. Lowther
Castle, the residence of the historic family o
Lowther, is famed for its arborioultural gems of
antiquity, as well as for its other gems in sculp-
ture, china, paintings, &c. The paintings were
largely formed by the first Baron Lo\vther about
1700, through whose public spirit and taste they
now possess their great interest. The Oaks
of Lowther Park can safely be registered a
one of the " county lions," particularly those
which are dotted over that portion of the
park called the Elysian Field, all being noble
specimens, and several are supposed to be
1000 years old. They show their antiquity by
having hollow trunks, but still show good heads
of foliage.

The common Ash, is represented by two vener-
able trees, now by reason of their great age hoary
with antiquity. They are very appropriately called
Adam and Eve, and are supposed to be about
800 years old— their girth is 22 feet 4 inches, and
21 feet 7 inches respectively. Edraond Castle, the
residence of Reginald Graham, Esq., has many noble
timber trees, prominent being the Cedrus Libani,
planted by the late F. H. Graham, Esq., when
High Sheriff of Cumberland. Stone House, Hayton,
the residence of General Sir John Ross, one
of the heroes of the famous Candahar march
has some interesting trees. One is a fine
specimen of the evergreen Oak, the finest that
I have seen in the country. Brayton Hall, the
residence of Sir Wilfred Lawson, Bart., possesses some
fine trees. Three remarkably formed Larch trees gi-ow
on the lawn, and are supposed to have been some
of the original trees Avhen introduced into this
county. All are about 50 feet high, with fine sound
boles, and beautiful rough ribbed bark. Eern-leaved
Beech, about 63 feet high ; girth, 9 feet 2 inches ;
and 192 feet circumference of spread in splendid
foliage : it is of a fine bushy pyramidal form. This
is the largest and best specimen in the country.
Corby Castle, the residence of P. J. C. Howard,
Esq., is famous for its romantic position and the
beautiful sylvan views beside the banks of the Eden.
The plantations were formed by Thos. Howard,
Esq., about 1720, and he formed them principally of
Scotch and Larch. These have attamed maturity,
and the greater portion were cut during the forma-
tion of the Caledonian Railway. The old Oak,
Elm, and Sycamore that remain are evidently
of a much older date. Most of the other seats
in the county were referred to, and then the
\vriter proceeded to state that Naworth Castle the
residence of the Earl of Carlisle, was famed in
history as the home of the border chief. " Belted
Will," who flourished about the year 1560. A fine
old specimen of the common Yew, sound and healthy
still, remains close to the castle, which is mentioned
in the records of the period of 1560 to have been a
fully developed tree, and according to which it is safe
to presume that this tree is at least 500 years old.
That the tree after so many centuries of growth should
still be in tlie greatest health and vigour is certainly
remarkable, and it is probably the best specimen in
the county.

The plantations are evidently of the same age
as those at Corby— about 1720— and very few really
old trees remain. Near the castle three common
Oaks are venerable and large ; one planted on
rising ground in the park is still a fine specimen.
It is about 65 feet high, and 18 feet girth. One of
the greatest features of Naworth is the number
of memorial trees. Many distinguished visitors
and members of the Howard family have evidently
been requested by the popular and respected heir
to the estate. George Howard, Esq., to perform
this interesting ceremony. The following list con-
tains the whole number of these very interesting

trees, with their average height as taken in October,
1886 ;—

Planter.

Date.

Variety.

Height.
Feet.

Lord Wenslevdale . . .

Oct. — , 1866

Sycamore

25

Robert Browning ...

Sep. 22, 1869

Beech*

6

H. L. Carnegie ...

Ditto

Horse Chestnut...

18

Alfred Tennyson ...

Sep. 12, 1871

Spanish Chestnut*

6

Alfred Tennyson ...

Ditto

Lime

John E. Stanley ...

Ditto

Scotch Fir

20

Mary Stanley

Ditto

Spanish Chestnut

1.5

Henrietta Maria,
Lady Stanley, of
Alderley

Sep. 26, 1871

Ditto

10

Princess Louise ...

Aug. 19, 1871

Common Oak ...

10

Ditto

Ditto

Willow

12

Bight Hon. W. E.
Gladstone

Aug. 29, 1873

Sycamore

25

Ditto

Ditto

Spanish Chestnutt

20

Lady Taunton

Sep. 20, 1873

Lime

16

Lady E. Grey

Sep. — , 1873

Spanish Chestnut

15

W. E. James, Esq.

Ditto

Walnut

6

Chas. J. Stanley
Howard, Esq. ...

Ditto

Oak

12

Mr. Motley

Ditto

Sycamore

25

Hon. Chas. Howard

1874

Spanish Chestnut

6

Robert Lowe

Aug.— ,1876

Beech

12

J. A. Fronde

Sep. —.1876

Spanish Chestnut

5

Sir W. Lawson, Bart.

:Oct. 19, 1878

Willow:

15

Chas. Howard

Oct. 19, 1878

Lombardy Poplar

5

In drawing the paper to a close the writer said he
had to introduce to their notice a new Conifer, which
would be introduced from Cumberland for the first
time in this year of Jubilee. Hexham Courant.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CRINUM (CODONOCRINUM) CRASSIPES,
Baker, n. sp. §

This is a new species with a stout short peduncle,
broad leaves and many-flowered umbel, allied to C.
Forbesianum and C. leucophyllum. We have re-
ceived a specimen from Sir C. W. Strickland, who
obtained it from Messrs. E. G. Henderson. The
native country is not known, but no doubt it comes
from somewhere in tropical or sub-tropical Africa.
It first flowered in July, 1887.

Bulb very large, conical. Leaves lorate, bright
green, sub-erect, 4 inches broad. Peduncle com-
pressed, green, ^ inch thick, under a foot long. Um-
bel 15 — 20 flowered; spathe-valves broad, deciduous;
pedicels 1 — 1 j inch long : ovules si.v to eight in a
cell, superposed ; tube little curved, green, 3 inches
long ; limb sub-erect, 2k inches long ; segments
lanceolate, h inch broad, white with a pink keel.
Stamens r.ather shorter than the perianth-segments ;
filaments claret-purple npwards ; anthers linear,
J inch long. J. G. Baker.

UfiOINEi EBIOSPEKMOIDES, Bakcr, 11. ,</). ||

This is a small Cape species of Urginea, received
from Professor Macowan, which has just flowered at

* The original has probably died.

t As the above trees planted by this distinguished statesman
are singularly robust and healthy, it would be interesting to
know if this is due to the skill in planting of the eminent
woodman.

I This Willow, very appropriately chosen by the Alliance
Champion, has a history. Planted by the side of a running
brook (a very suitable situation), the cold water had remained
so long over its roots that, having " over much cold water." it
died. However, another was duly provided, but care waa
taken by drainage for specimen No. 2 not to indulge in the
same propensity.

§ Crinitin (Codoaocrinum) crassipes. Baker, n. sp. — Bulbo
magno ovoideo, foliis loratis suberectis viridibus; peaunculo
crasso brevi compresso viridi ; umbellis 15 — 20-floris, pedicellis
elongatis; ovulisin loculopluribussuperpositis; perianthii tubo
viridulo tripollicari parum curvato, segmentis lanceolatis
rubro vittatis tubo paulo brevioribus ; genitalibus segmentis
paulo brevioribus.

II Urginea eriospsrrmiie!,B%kM. n. sp.— Bulbo ovoidao ; foliis
3 synanthlis teretibus flexuosis nitidis Bcapo ; gracili stricto

Kew for the first time. It is most remarkable for its
glossy perfectly cylindrical leaves. The habit is
much dwarfer and the flowers smaller than in the
oflicinal Squill (Urginea maritima).

Bulbs ovoid, an inch in diameter. Leaves two,
contemporary with the flowers, only one fully de-
veloped, perfectly cylindrical, glossy, flexuose, one-
sixth of an inch in diameter. Peduncle slender, stifliy
erect, a foot long. Raceme as long as the peduncle ;
pedicels spreading, lower a quarter of an inch long ;
bracts minute, ovate, the lower distinctly spurred.
Perianth oblong, one-sixth of an inch long, segments
lanceolate, whitish, with a broad brown keel. Stamens '
and pistil shorter than the perianth. J. G. Baker.

EpIDENDEUM KlENASTII, 11. Sp.*

This is a very interesting plant, known to Consul
Kienast ZoUy, Hirslanden, Zurich, for a long
time, and finally flowering in the best state. You may
compare the bulbs to those of a small Epidendrum
aurantiacum, as they are thinner and shorter. The
leaves, usually two, are cuneate oblong acute, some-
times even more than an inch wide, at others scarcely
half an inch broad, 6 inches long, not of a considerably
thick substance. Tlie raceme has several flowers, two-
thirds in extent of those of Epidendrum nemorale,
Lindl. The bracts are triangular, rather short, equall-
ing one-fifth of the stalked ovaries. Sepals lanceolate,
the median one now dilated at the top, as an exception.
Petals much cuneate at the base, oblong acute. Lip
tripartite, side partitions cuneate ligulate, two-toothed
outside, mid-lacinia cuneate oblong acute, wavy.
There is a forcipate two-shanked callus at the base of
the mid partition ; shanks subulate acute, and five ele-
vated lines run over it, the mid one to the top. Column
connate, with lips pale at the base, ascending, trigon-
ous, dilatate both sides of the fovea. Sepals and
petals lightest rose, with darker purple veins. Lip
white, with fine purple callose lines on the mid
partition. Column green, with a purple line on each
side parallel to the stigmatic hollow.

It is a great pleasure to see such a fine new thing
from Mexico. It has to be brought under Eucyclium.

The plant was observed long since by Consul
Kienast Zolly, and finally one of his collectors
succeeded in sending some plants, which arrived
alive. The species has never been seen in masses.
One or a few specimens may be watched, and then you
may search for more in vain for a long while. I feel
very pleased to name the good novelty Epidendrum
Kienastii, feeling always very grateful for the intro-
duction of Papperitzia Sieboldi, through my excellent
correspondent. H. G. Bchh.f.

OdoNTOGLOSSUM + CRISTATELLUM, Bckb.f.

This very interesting Odontoglossum appeared in
June, 1875, at Mr. W. Bulls and in September, 1879,
at Messrs. Veitch's. Now I have a splendid inflor-
escence, kindly sent me by Sir Trevor Lawrence,
Bart., M.P., P.R.H.S. This has sepals and petals
of a Horse Chestnut-brown colour, with a slight
sulphur tint on the sepals— more on the petals. The
lip and the column are sulphui-yellow, with brown
spots. The wings of the column are entire and
spotted with brown. It might be supposed to be a
hybrid between Odontoglossum cristatum and 0.
triumphans. It is an interesting fact that those

subpedali : racemo laxo subpedali, bracteis parvis calcaratia ;
pedicellis tlore longioribus ; perianthii parvi albidi segmentia
brunneo- vittatis; genitalibus inclusis.

* Epidendrum (Eitci/cliitin) Kienastii, n. sp.— Pseudobulbis
fusitormi-cylindratis mono (sen vulgo diphyllis) ; vaginis in
bulbis bene evolutis demum tenuissime membrauaceis flaccidis
punctatis ; foliis cuneato-oblongis acutis ; racemo plurifloro ;
distautifloro; bracteis triangulis scuriosis ovaria pedicellata
longe non fequantibus; sepalis lanceis acuminatis; tepalis
basi bene cuneatis euperne oblongis acutis ; labelio tripartitos
unf^ue brevissimo columnse adnato. partitionibus lateralibu,
cuneato-ligulatis retuso bidentatis, partitiouemedianacuneato
oblonga acuta undulata, callo forcipato bicruri in basi, lineis
quinis parallelis elevatis perdiscum ; columna clavata trigona
jnxta foveam utrinque dilatjita, basi cum labelio cuneata ;
anthera vertice umbonata. — Floresaquose rosei nervis satiwat*
purpureis. Labellum album lineis callosis quinis per discum
purpureis. Columnte viridis marginibus dilatatis albis medio
longitudinaliter purpureo unistriatis. Anthera flava imiboue
purpureo. Ex Mexico coluit eic. Kianast ZOUy Hirslando
Swiscensis. Jf. G. Rchb. f.

July 30. 1887.]

THE GARDENEB8' CHBONICLE.

127

three plants, which axe alike botanically as to the
curious nature of the wings and crests, are all widely
distinct as to colour. Mr. Ball's flowers had sepia-
brown spots and scarlet borders to the keel teeth,
and scarlet wings ; Messrs. Veitch's plant had nearly
orange sepals and petals, and Horse Chestnut
coloured spots and white keel teeth. H. G. Bchb.f.

Oncidhtm hastatum (Lindl.) hemimel^ntjm,
n. var.
This fine variety of Oncididium hastatum Roezlii
has not only the typical bruwnish mid-lacinia of lip,
but it surpasses it at once by its blackish-purple
sepals and petals. There are regularly light
whitish-green tips to those organs, and the petals
have now and then a few scattered light whitish-green

{Botanical Register, t. 1448), one of the earliest, if
not the very first, of these hybrids. This appeared
in 1831, and three years later C. Knypersliensis was
figured in Sweets British Firmer Garden; of this C.
crenatiflora is recorded as one of the parents.*

The seventy-fourth volume (1848) comes next,
and it contains such a large proportion of hand-
some and curious plants, that it is difficult to
make a selection for special notice. Foremost
amongst standard stove plants are AUamanda
Schottii and A. Aubletii, Hoya imperialis and
H. bella. Napoleona imperialis, a remarkable
anomalous tropical African tree belonging to a tribe
ofMyrtacea?, characteristic of and almost peculiar to
the flora of South America, is represented on plate
4387.

Fig. 31. — cleeodendron thomsonje vah. baxfourianttm.

small spots. It was kindly sent me by Herr Con-
sul Kienast Zolly, Hirslanden, Zurich. H. G. Rrhh.f.

"THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE."

(Continued from p. 46.;
Hbrbaceods Calceolarias. — I shall be excused,
perhaps, for harking back to plate 3255 (Calceolaria
crenatiflora) in order to say a word or two respecting
the history of the singularly rich and variable race
of hybrid herbaceous Calceolarias, the beginning of
which dates back between fifty and sixty years.
The principal parents were C. corymbosa (pi. 2418)
and C, arachnoidea (pi. 2874), both natives of South
America, as are all the numerous species, except
two, peculiar to New Zealand. Looking at the
figures of the parent species one could hardly imagine
it possible that they could have given birth to such a
brilliantly variable progeny ; bat any doubt will
be dispelled on reference to the figure of C. Toungii

The next volume contains Dendrobium De-
vonianum (pi. 4429), Vanda tricolor, one of the most
majestic of Orchids, and Sobralia macrantha
(pi. 4446), immediately followed by the beautiful
Chilian Lapageria rosea, which was first sent to Kew
in 1847 by R. Wheelwright, an American gentleman ;
and the following year successfully imported by
Messrs. Veitch through their collector, Thomas Lobb.
This year (1849), too. the most gorgeous of all the
Leguminosje, Amherstia nobilis, a native of Burma,
flowered for the first time in this country, and found
a place in the Magazine (pi. 4453). Mrs. Lawrence,
of Ealing Park, had the good fortune to beat the
Duke of Devonshire in the cultivation of this noble
plant.

Passing over a volume I note the singularly marked
Thibaudia macrantha (pi. 45(ifi') from the mountains

* Persous 'wiahing for further particulars respecting the
liiBtory of the hybrid herbaceous Calreolarlaa may be r*ferrad
to the Gardeners' Chronicle for 1S41 . p. 844.

of Moulmein, discovered and introduced by Thomas
Lobb for Messrs. Veitch. The famous Dragon's-
blood tree is the subject of plate 4571 ; and the figure
is accompanied by a history of the remarkable
example at Orotava, which has since perished.
Cantua buxifolia, Ixora javanica, the beautiful West
Australian Acacia hispidissima, AUamanda nerii-
folia, Cathcartia villosa, and the valuable hardy
Forsythia viridissima, and Berberis Darwinii are
some of the numerous noteworthy plants. The last-
named shrub was another of the very many and very
valuable plants introduced by William Lobb for
Messrs. Veitch.

The remarkable Puya chilensis (pi. 4715) calls to
mind the bold paintings of this and the equally
handsome blue PuyaWhytei in the "North " Gallery.
Bougainvillea spectabilis (pi. 4810) deserves notice,
not so much on account of the beauty of the variety
figured, as to make mention of this highly ornamental
South American genus.

The Mammoth Tree of California. — William Lobb,
though not the actual discoverer of the Sequoia
gigantea ( Wellingtonia), was probably the first
person having a technical knowledge of plants
who encountered it, and it was he who introduced
it into Europe, having sent seeds to Messrs. Veitch
in 1853. In 1854 a figure, prepared from dried
specimens, appeared in the Magazine (pi. 4777
— 8), and now there are trees in this country not less
than 70 feet high. This tree caused a great sen-
sation, and has been so extensively propagated, and
so much written about, that few trees are more
familiar.

Among the dedications there is a specially inter-
esting series from 1851 to 1854, beginning with Dr.
Asa Gray (who is now again in England, and still
very active, and in the enjoyment of a great capacity
for work), and who had been staying at Kew about
that time. This is followed by N. B. Ward, the
inventor of closed glass cases for conveying plants
on long voyages by sea ; by Sir Henry Barkly, one
of the most enthusiastic and sympathetic of Colonial
Governors in the cause of botany and horticulture ;
ending with the now venerable Rev. M. J. Berkeley,
whose labours are known to all readers of this journal.
W. B. Hemslei/.

{To be contimted.)

CLERODENDRON THOMSON.E
VAB. BALFOURIANUM.

Ovm illustration (fig. 31) gives a correct idea of
this plant as usually seen at our principal exhibitions.
Trained in this manner its crimson and white blooms
show to advantage, but not better than they do when
trained on a trellised wall, or hanging from a rafter of
the stove in neglige fashion. The plant, which is a
seedling form of Balfourianum, has smooth opposite
leaves of dark green, and large panicles of light
crimson flowers, and white calyces, which are rather
larger than in the parent. The plant will grow
well if potted in a mixture of loam, peat, and
dried cow manure, a little sand being added to
the compost. It enjoys during its growing season
a high temperature with abundance of water and full
exposure to light, but should not be exposed to the
risk of getting the foliage disfigured. About the
end of August the plants may be removed to cooler
quarters, and be carefully watered at intervals during
the cold months. In February or early in March
the plants may be brought into bloom by placing
them in a higher temperature. The necessary
spurring-in may be done in early spring in the case
of young plants, and after the best flowering period
is over in the case of flowering specimens. A warm
greenhouse temperature is that most suitable for
the plant during the winter, a lower one causing too
great a loss of foliage.

Rose Essence in Roumelia.— The value of

'' Rose essence " — by which it is presumed is meant
attar — exported from Eastern Roumelia during the
past year is estimated at about £60,000. " Planta-
tions of Roses made some years since by the Mussul-
man refugees at Bourgas and elsewhere, are said to
be now supplying a proportion of the European
demand for this article."

128

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[July 30, 1887.

Trees and Shrubs.

SEQUOIA GIGANTEA.
The brauch with young cones of the Wellingtonia
sent herewith it from one of the fine specimens of
this tree growing in the gardens at Poles, Herts, the
seat of Edmund Hanbury, Esq. Of the fifty trees of
Wellingtonia growing in the pinetum at Poles, only
one is bearing cones this year, and the cones are
clustered only on a very few branches on the north-
east side of the tree, which is a remarkably fine and
healthy young specimen. The girth of the tree at
the ground measures \^ feet, and at 5 feet from the
ground 8 feet, with a spread of branches 23 feet in
diameter; the height of the tree is about 52 feet.
At Poles there are also shown fine specimens of
young Cedrus atlantica, with foliage of an unusually
glaucous colour this year. The young cones showed
the bracts with the long projecting spines at the
tip, which are not visible in the fully developed
cones. J. R.

Xanthocebas sobbifolia.
There is now in fruit in my nurseries here a fine
specimen of this plant. The fruit is about the siie
of a Peach and somewhat similar in shape, and green
in colour ; is it not a rare occurrence ? I should be
glad to know if any of your readers have fruited the
I>lant. Edward. Morse, Epsom. [For a figure of the
fruit, produced in Paris, see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1886,
vol. xxvi., p. 205. Ed.]

Ornamental Barbebries.
{Continued from p. 99.)

Berbcris Darwinii. — A native of Chili, this beau-
tiful shrub was discovered by the late Charles Darwin,
and named in honour of that gentleman, and cer-
tainly no finer or more handsome plant could have
been chosen with which to perpetuate the name of
our illustrious countryman. This pretty shrub is,
perhaps, too well known to require description ; but
too n;uch can hardly be said in its favour, as,
whethrr tor ornamental appearance or ease of cul-
ture, i! may have some equals, but we question much
if it has superiors. A well-balanced, healthy speci-
men, lailen with its racemes of orange-yellow flowers,
during the spring months is a beautiful sight.

Either of theabove Barberriesare readily raised from
seed, and as these are plentifully produced young
plants need not be wanting on any estate. In certain
soils we have noticed this to be always the case— in
soils of a peaty texture seedlings are freely pro-
duced under and around old and established speci-
mens ; and if these are taken carefully up and trans-
planted in rows in rich, free soil, they soon attain
to a couple of feet in height, at which size they are,
perhaps, best suited for planting out permanently.
As hedgerow plants these Barberries are, likewise,
of great value, particularly B. Darwinii, they soon
forming a neat, dense, and highly ornamental fence.
B. aristata, although not so showy as either of the
above, is, nevertheless, a vigorous growing and good
habited plant, and one that is especially worthy of
recommendation, from the fact of its flowering late
in the seixson— usually during May and June. The
leaves are deeply serrated, and almost persistent,
and the plant is furnished with strong thorns.
Flowers of a pleasant yellow colour, pendulous, and
produced in great abundance. For the shrubbery
this is an excellent plant, and one that is well able
to take care of itself, it being of stout, free gi-owth,
not at all liable to be cut by frost, and easily
accommodated both as regards soil and situation.

B. empetrifolia is a dwarf evergreen species, about
a couple of feet in height, and not so remarkable for
the beauty of its flowers, although these we must not
pass unnoticed, as for its neat habit and perfect hardi-
hood. For this latter reason it may be planted with-
out fear of harm in even the coldest portions of our
island and where fully exposed to strong blowing
winds. It is by no means fastidious as to the quality
of soil in which it is planted, indeed, except in stiff
clay or pure sand, we have found it to succeed in that
of poor qu.^lity if it is relieved of superabundant
moisture, The flowers aje yellow, and produced

occasionally both in spring and autumn, more
especially during mild seasons. Its neat habit of
growth and distinct foliage qualifiy it for being
planted even in prominent positions in the garden or
on the lawn,

B. Wallichiana. — Here we have a distinct and de-
sirable shrub with glossy evergreen foliage and bright
yellow flowers. It is a native of the Himalayas,
where it was discovered by Wallich, but cannot be
wholly depended upon to withstand our most severe
frosts, although in most districts it remains un-
harmed.

B. Bealii is a very distinct species, with erect un-
branched stems, yellowish-green foliage, and terminal
clusters of bright yellow and highly fragrant flowers.
As a single specimen for planting on the grass it is
much in request, and, being perfectly hardy, very
floriferous, and with large showy foliage, it is cer-
tainly about as ornamental an evergreen shrub as
one could wish for. In well developed specimens
the leaves often measure fully 12 inches in length,
and are then highly ornamental, but as they
are usually only produced near the tips of the stems,
the plant wears a somewhat lanky and naked appear-
ance. Rather stiff' rich loam, not too dry but a some-
what sheltered situation and abundance of sunshine
seem to suit this Japanese plant to perfection, at
least under these conditions we have got it to do
best. A. D. W.

( To be continued.)

OUR NATIVE FERNS AND
THEIR VARIETIES.

(Continued from p. 7i.)
2. Febn Hunting. — The majority of the most
striking varieties, either curious or beautiful, having
been found growing wild, and the number of these
being by no means small, it is manifest that an
additional zest is given to the quest for Ferns, which
is usually confined to a search for species only, if
this fact be remembered, and additional care be
bestowed upon the examination of the plants. The
discovery, after long search, of a rare species in a
new locality is very gratifying, but does not add
anything more than a new name to the catalogue of
the local flora, but the discovery of a new and unique
form, possibly of great beauty, possibly only curious,
adds something new to the flora of the world. This
possibility is in the power of every Fern lover who
cares, in the first place, to familiarise himself with
the aspect of the normal forms, so that he can
recognise them at a glance, and then to educate his
eye by constant careful examination of the plants
which come in his way, so that should there be any
abnormality in the fronds over which his eye travels,
he may at once detect it.

It often — nay, generally — happens that a new dis-
covery is only betrayed by the merest tip of a frond
peeping through a mass of common ones, though, on
the other hand, some of the grandest finds have been
found standing out as conspicuously as possible even
in much frequented places. It is, indeed, astonishing
what blindness in this respect exists among the
rural classes, and especially in the ferniest dis-
tricts; many of the country folks, it will be found on
inquiry, are hardly aware there is more than one
species, and the hunter is frequently directed to a
fine hunting-ground, only to find a heath covered
with Bracken. Be it, however, remarked, Apropos of
the Bracken (Pteris aquilina) that this is by no
means to be despised by a beginner, since nearly
every common where it grows freely will yield marked
variations of form, frequently very distinct indeed.
There is, however, one drawback to the pleasure of
hunting the Bracken, since, should the ardent student
find something really good, he will probably have to
content himself with a frond only, as it rarely sur-
vives removal, except in winter, when dormant, and,
indeed, it usually defies all effort to get a root, the root
proper burrowing several feet deep in the ground.

This difficulty of acquisition is also experienced in
other ways, and the hunter's powers of contrivance
are sometimes put to very severe tests. A good
thing, for instance, may be detected on the top of a
high wall, or on the face of an inaccessible cliff.
More tantalising yet, it may be well within reach.

and yet so firmly anchored in some deep chink in a
rock or wall as to need blasting powder to get it out
It is recorded of one of the finest forms of Poly-
podium (Polypodium vulgare) that the finder de-
tected it in a very small state in a chink of a granite
rock, whence it could not be removed ; the rock
weighed some hundredweights, but fortunately was
loose. The finder rolled the rock some miles across
country, got it home, and eventually induced the
plant, which has a creeping root, to grow out of the
chink, and permit itself to be multiplied. That
form is now in every good collection.

The possibility of lighting upon varieties seems to
be general wherever the normal forms grow plenti-
fully ; but there are localities which seem subject to
some subtle influence under which the chances of a
find are greatly increased. North Devon appears to
be thus specially favoured. I am, however, rather of
opinion that much of this subtle influence may be
traced to the residence near the places affected of
enthusiastic and careful Fern hunters, who. by sub-
jecting the district to more thorough scrutiny,
increase thereby greatly the list of local discoveries,
while other districts less famed in this respect are
reputed comparatively barren. On the other hand,
there is no doubt that one may hunt a district for
miles as carefully as possible without finding any
sport whatever, and then suddenly hit upon a spot
where eccentricity is the rule rather than the
exception.

One of the first experiences of the beginner is the
discovery of what are termed " rogues," that is, Ferns
which are inconstantly and irregularly eccentric and
throw up a few forked and even crested fronds
amongst a predominance of normal ones. Nearly
everywhere where the common male Fern (Lastrea
filix mas), grows in profusion, a number of these
" rogues " will be found, raising hopes only to dis-
appoint them. To such an extent indeed does this
occur in some localities, and so well do these rogues
ape the appearance of constant varieties, that even
the best men are sometimes deceived. This in-
constancy sometimes assumes other forms, and, in fact,
the Fern hunter must alw.ays be prepared to carry
home a good percentage of worthless plants, since it
is not always possible to discriminate with sufficient
certainty to reject with safety.

The common Bracken, too, has a way of imitating
nearly all the other species, popping forked tips
through the hedges and beguiling the passer-by with
false e.xpectations.

All these disappointments and difficulties, how-
ever, add zest to a day's walk and are far more than
repaid by the thrill of pleasure which accompanies the
discovery of an undoubtedly good thing, and the
first contemplation of a form of Nature's handiwork
which now for the first time gladdens the eye of
man. This point once attained the beginner becomes
the enthusiast, and will henceforth pursue his
researches with a different spirit and with greater
gusto, since it is difficult, until one such experience
has been made, to believe that such a reward can
really be reaped. It need not be imagined that very
unfrequented places must be visited, though of course
there is the better chance. Most of the writer's
finds, however, have been espied by him by the high-
road side, either in the hedges or in the stone dykes.
Seedlings, especially in such localities, may yield a
prize, since it must not be forgotten that Nature is
always at work, and that this year's crop is as likely
to afford varieties as that of any previous year.
Hence, where there are plenty of plants, there is
always a chance for the eye that is keen enough, and
the experience which is ripe enough to enable it to
appreciate what it sees.

As a rule the abnormal forms are found singly,
the most careful search for similar forms in the
same locality leading but to negative results. This
is rendered the more remarkable by the fact that
the specimens are as often as not well-estab-
lished fertile plants which have probably scattered
their millions upon millions of spores about
the neighbourhood for years, which spores, under
cultivation, yield plants all true to the parent type.
In the case of very heavily crested forms, this may

July 30, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

129

be accounted for by the greater size and vigour of the
normal forms, which cause the young seedlings,
should they appear, to be overgrown and crowded out
of existence ; hence, the interstices of stone dykes, and
walls, and similar places, are more likely to reward
the searcher than places where the plants can grow
with greater freedom. On the other hand, it occa-
sionally happens that an abnormal form will be
found to have established itself in great numbers,
even to the exclusion of the normal. Instances are
also on record where a whole laneful of crested forms
has been found. Thei-e is an entire hillside in Lan-
cashire covered by a most extraordinary' form of
Bracken, so heavily crested, that the discoverer in-
tormed me the plant looked like bunches of
Grapes hanging down the slope. Abnormal forms
of Hart's-tongue have also been found occupying a
large area, to which, however, they were confined.
Considering the absolutely microscopic size of the
spores of Ferns, the incredible numbers which are
thrown off year after year, and the facility with
which they can be transported by the wind, and by
other means, this isolation or confinement to special
localities is very remarkable. It can hardly be
imputed to subtle local influences in the soil, as
under cultivation the spores generally germinate
with the usual treatment, and the plants retain their
peculiarities when transplanted.

The entire absence of some species in many
localities and spots which seem exactly fitted for
them is another peculiar feature. The common
Ilart's-tongue, for instance, is a comparatively rare
plant in Scotland, although one would expect to
find it in profusion in the innumerable glens which
abound there, and whicii seem the very beau ideal of
a habitat for it. Yet this I'ern is one of the least
dainty in its requirements, seeming to have no anti-
pathy in the matter of soil or position, and in many
localities thriving in abundamce under the most
■diverse conditions either in a small state on dry
exposed walls, or throwing up huge fronds in the
shady woods where it can revel in abundance of
leaf-mould and moisture. I am inclined to think
that the greater or less predominance of certain
forms of minute insect life may account for these
peculiarities of habitat. Just as we find in our
gardens that certain vermin attack and destroy cer-
tain plants, so it is only reasonable to assume that
either the spores or the protlialli of these Ferns are
the favourite food of some of the minuter insects, in
order to explain the absence of adult plants. Climatal
conditions are of course a potent factor, but do not
account for all the phenomena observed. Some
exotic Ferns it is quite impossible to grow unless
isolated, slugs or snails being attracted from a con-
siderable distance, presumably by some odour ;
Camptosorus rhizophyllus (au exotic Hart's-tongue)
suffers thus. Other plants are specially subject to
the attacks of woodlice, and as doubtless such
special appetites characterise also the minuter and
microscopic insect world, and as it is manifest, when
we consider the myriads of spores which are shed in
■vain, that these must become mainly the food of
such tiny creatures, we need hardly seek further for
a solution of the mystery. A harder or softer
.envelope to the spore, or a more or less attractive
flavour in the plant itself, would determine for or
against its survival in the struggle for existence.

It will be seen from the foregoing remarks that
•the Fern-hunter has a wide field opened to him for
general observation in connection with his search for
Ferns, and he will find it immensely to his advantage
to take special note of the conditions under which
ihis finds are discovered. By so doing he arrives at a
practical knowledge of their requirements which will
aid him materially in his attempts at cultivation.
He will soon find out, for instance, that a sudden
change in the geological conditions may present an
altogether difi'erent set of Ferns for his inspection, a
few yards making all the difference between profu-
sion and utter absence of certain species. He will
also find that some species are never found on lime-
stone, others only on that formation. Claylands are
usually poor in results; some Ferns only affect

boggy spots, some demand perfect drainage, and
never grow upon the soil itself. Others are never
found below a certain level on the mountains ; others,
such as the Bracken, cease to be seen at a certain
height, and so on. Indeed, as in all' other natural
pureuits, it will be found that every fact is but a
link in a chain, and that Fern-hunting may be made
the nucleus of endless study and endless enjoyment
of the results achieved.

One advantage possessed by Ferns is their strong
vitality which enables them to survive knocking
about for several weeks if their roots be only ^vrappe(l
up in moss when found, and not permitted
to get dry. If they, then, be packed close
together in an open box and kept in the shade,
a collection may be added to for a week
or two in full security that at the conclusion
of the holiday the hunter may reckon upon their
survival when duly planted and installed in their new
home. As I have indicated above, he must then be
prepared for some disappointment when they deve-
lope, as a good percentage are tolerably sure to turn
out normal, the presumed sport being due to acci-
dental injuries or temporary eccentricity. Here and
there, however, if he be ordinarily fortunate, he will
enjoy the pleasure of seeing the new fronds slowly
rise and develope the hoped-for beauties, a pleasure
which will reward him amply for all the labour their
discovery has involved, and which, if he be a begin-
ner, will infallibly result in making him thenceforth
a confirmed .and enthusiastic Fern-hunter. Charles T.
Druery,F.L.S.

CTo be coiitiiiited.)

MAIZE,

AND FRUITS

NESSEE.

IN TEN-

The following notes on the uses of ilaize (Zea
Mays) in America, are contained in a report on the
trade of Tennessee for the year 1886. The report
says : —

It may perhaps surprise Europeans that such vast
quantities of Indian corn are produced in the
"Western States of America ; but when they become
aware of the numerous uses to which Indian corn,
or Maize, is put, they will probably be astonished
that in the South of Europe, where so much corn is
produced, the people have never yet discovered how
many nutritious articles of food it does afford. In
the first place it is the most certain crop, requires
the least amount of labour in its culture, and comes
to maturity in the shortest time. The pith of the
matured stalk of the corn is esculent and nutritious,
and the stalk itself, compressed between rollers, fur-
nishes what is known as " corn-stalk molasses."
This gi'ain requires also the least care and trouble in
preserving. The machinery for converting it into
food is also exceedingly simple and cheap. As soon
as the ear is fully formed it may be roasted or
boiled, and forms thus an excellent and nourishing
diet. At a later period it may be gi'ated, and fur-
nishes in this form the sweetest bread. The grain
boiled in a variety of modes, either whole, or broken
in a mortar, or roasted in the ashes, is much relished.

If the grain is to be converted into meal, a simple
tub will answer the pm'pose best, as the meal least
perfectly ground is always preferred. A bolting
cloth is not needed, as it diminishes the sweetness
and value of the flour. Boiled in water it forms the
dish called " hominy," eaten with milk, honey, mo-
lasses, butter, or gravy. Jlixed with cold water, it
is at once ready for the cook ; covered with hot
ashes, the preparation is called " ash cake ;" placed
upon a piece of board, and set near the coals, it
forms the " Johnny cake ; ' or managed in the same
way upon a helveless hoe, it forms the "hoe cake;"
put into an oven, and covered over with a heated
lid, it is called, in a large mass, a ' pone," or loaf.
It has the further advantage over all other flours
that it requires in its preparation so few culinary
utensils, and neither sugar, yeast, eggs, spices, soda,
potash, &c., to qualify or perfect the bread. To all
this it m.ay be added that it is not only clieap and

well tasted, but it is unquestionably the most whole-
some and nutritious food. Some of the largest and
healthiest people in the world have lived upon it
exclusively !

On the subject of fruit, vegetable, and Tobacco
culture, it is stated that considerable attention has
been given in recent years throughout the State to
the cultivation for shipment of such fruits as the
Strawberry, Raspberry, Grape, Blackberry, Apple,
Pear, Plum, Peach, &c., all of which come to great
perfection, and several million dollars' worth are
exported every year to markets outside the State.
The Tobacco crop of Tennessee is annually in-
creasing, and is almost wholly shipped out of the
State for consumption, 90 per cent, of it going to
Europe, the remaining 10 per cent, being consumed
in the State.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

■\VILTON HOUSE, SOUTHAMPTON,
A PRETTY villa garden about 2 miles out from
thf town of Southampton, belonging to H, J. Buchan,
Esq., and easily reached from the town by tram-
way. The collection of Orcliids here is very exten-
sive, and show signs of good culture. Many of them
are now beautifully in bloom. Several houses are
filled with good specimen plants. Of Cattleyas in
flower I noticed very fine C. Dowiana, C. Gaskel-
liana, C. Eldorado, C. gigas, C. Aclandia;, and C.
Sanderiana — this last a very fine variety, of a
beautiful colour.

The Odontoglossuni-house, 60 feet by 12 feet, was
full of fine plants, many of which were in bloom,
viz., 0. Alexandra;, O. Pescatorei, O. Uro-Skinneri,
0. cordatum, and others. Of Oncidiums were
noticed 0. Lanceanum, with twenty-three flowers ;
O. Wiltoni, and O. Iti'ameri. There were some
fine pieces of Masdevallia Harryana, bull's blood
variety, M. rosea, and M. Schlimii, in flower. Epi-
dendrum Wallisii was in full bloom, the flowers fine
scarlet. Dendrobium superbiens had two fine spikes
of flowers. The plants observed of Phahtnopsis,
various species, were good, as also Pescatorea cerina
and Chysis Ijevis.

A fine selection of Cyi^ripediums were found in fine
health. Mr. Osborn, the gardener, has raised many
seedling hybrid Orchids, and possesses a fine lot of
young seedling plants, amongst them being Cypri-
pediums, some of which are just showing flower
for the first time. Mr. Osbona has raised six
seedlings of Odontoglossum Uro-Skinneri, which
he informed me are the first seedling Odonto-
glossums that have been raised in this country;
they had from five to six leaves each. The
parents of these were self fertilised, the result-
ing seed falling on the moss under the plant. He
said that he always sowed the seeds of Orchids on
the moss at the top of the pots of old established
Orchids, and allowed the pod of seed on the plant to let
fall its contents on the pot. By this method of pro-
cedure he succeeded much better than when the seed
was sown on prepared moss of new material. Some of
these seedlings have come up on the old wood of
slielves, and other seedlings were stated to liave come
up through two inches of peat and moss, thereby show-
ing that, although the seeds are very small things,
they have the power to force their way through a
o-reat thickness of overlying material, and that to
raise Orchids from seed is not so much trouble as is
generally supposed if the seed is good. Mr. Osborn's
plants have taken from four to five years to reach the
blooming stage. Jlr. H. J. Buchan is always adding
to his already fine collection any well marked and
choice varieties, and is eveiy year building new
houses to hold them. W. S., July 23,

CvPIilPEDIUM ArTHUEIAN'DM X .

The last number of the Occlddophik contains a
coloured figure of this hybrid, raised in Messrs.
Veitch's establishment between C. insigne and C.
Fairrieanum. The dorsal sepal is broad, green, edged

130

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[JoLY 30, 1887.

with white and spotted with purple, the petals de-
flexed, with longitudinal purple stripes, and an olive-
brown lip.

and the stokers, and such privileged people as we

THE CONSERVATORY AT

HENDRE, MONMOUTH.

The architecture of this recently erected conser-
vatory (tig. 3i!) agrees externally with that of the man-
sion, and the roof inside with the org.an hall, which it
adjoins, and with wliich it communicates by means
of large glass doors. Tlie materials used in build-
ing are Bath-stone and brick, the rafters being of
wood ; tlie glass is that known as 26-oz., and
iron columns are employed to support the roof.
The proportions of the building are 62 feet at the
widest part, by 55 feet, the height of the loftiest span
being 34 feet. A stone arcade supports the inner
parts of the parallel spans, and this is furnished with
wire trellises for the convenience of training climbers,
as are likewise the iron columns and tlie rafters.
The floor is on two levels, tiiat part at the back of
the arcade being 2 feet below the front, which adds
materially to the internal appearance. The paths,
which are of good breadtli, are paved with Portland
stone, the same kind of stone being used for the
kerbs of the beds and borders. The east side, which
is also the back of the structure, is formed of stone
and brickwork, and is pierced witli a large bow-
window, and has for two-thirds of its length a gro-
tesque arrangement of rockwork, furnished with tiny
waterfalls, with a water basin beneatli. There is
likewise a very pretty fountain on the higher level
of the house, the basin of which is warmed by means
of hot-water pipes, so that stove aquatics may be
grown in it. A rain-water tank is conveniently
placed under the floor.

KEW NOTES.

Odoriferous Aroids. — The powerful and exceed-
ingly disagreeable odours which rise from, the flowers
of many terrestrial Aroids render the plants unsuit-
able for cultivation in houses. At Kew, however,
thef are grown in spite of this drawback, and some
of them have recently been in flower. Perhaps the
most offensive of all is Amorphophallus bulbifer.
It has an erect stalk 1 foot long, spadix erect,
Epathe erect, boat-shaped, and hooded over the
spadix. It is large enough, and prettily enough
marked, to be attractive — but the smell ! Those
good persons who believe that flowers exist only
for man's enjoyment ought to have this plant
within 50 yards of them for ten minutes, and
if it did not convince them that Nature has other
irons in the fire besides man's enjoyment, then they
must certainly be blessed in having lost one of their
five senses.

Night-flowering Cacti.
The riches of Kew are not all known evon to the
most constant of visitors to these gardens, some of the
most beautiful of the flowers there expanding only
-during the night, and closing early the next morning.
Some of the Nymphaeas have this unfortunate habit —
at least the Lotus set have, and so, too, have the night-
flowering Cacti. We were privileged to see a most
.charming display of the beautiful flowers of these
plants a few evenings ago — Cereus triangularis, with
llowers a foot across, like an immense cup of purest
white, fringed with the long pale green sepals ; C.
nycticalis, almost as large, but with sepals coloured
brown and yellow ; C. Lemairii, distinguished by its
crimson-edged tube-scales and sepals, the petals
■facing pure white ; C. Napoleonis, also green and
3'ellow in sepals and white in petals. All these had
most lovely blossoms expanded when we saw them,
and we were so delighted with such an unusual dis-
play that we wished it had been tiie afternoon of a
bank holiday, so that the thousands who throng Kew
at such a time might enjoy the sight. Perhaps,
Jiowever, the flowers object to bank holidays as well
as ordinary days, and prefer to " blush unseen, and
waste their fragrance " on the big Cactus-house

BRYN-Y-NEUADD.

This modern and beautiful mausion, the pro-
perty and residence of S. Piatt, Esq., is situated
in one of the loveliest spots in North Wales,
between Penmaenmawr and Bangor, and is easily
reached by the Chester and Holyhead Bail-
way. The village of Llanfairfeehan, adjacent io the
Hall — which at the time the Hall was built consisted
mainly of a few cottages, inhabited by quarryraen
working in the granite quarries near — has now grown
into one of the most popular seaside resorts on tliis
coast, and numbers over 2000 inhabitants. Much of
the success attained is owing to the liberality and
public- spirit manifested by the late Mr. Piatt in
building, planting, and improving his estate in this
neighbourliood, giving a good example to other
owners of property which has borne good fruit,
eligible, pretty, and comfortable cottages being now
numerous tliere. To any one in quest of a quiet
place for a short relaxation from business, as was the
case with me wlien I stayed here recently for a few
days, I can strongly recommend this place. All
the popular North Wales places are easy of access
from here ; there is an excellent beach for bathing ;
and, as to botanical walks and excursions, the most
ardent lover of this delightful science may liave his
fill in the hills and valleys near. Tlie famous Aber
Waterfall is within four miles of this place, and is
alone worth a long journey to see. It is distant from
Aber village about three miles, and the walk to it is
one constant panorama of beauty. Some of the hills
are clothed with Firs and scrubby Oaks, tlic young
tints on which are now looking lovely ; others are
clotlied with bloom and Fern, with here and there
a mountain rising above the others in bare and austere
grandeur. Following the stream which runs tiirough
this beautiful valley, we pass here and there a lonely
cottage, the occupier of which improves the time by
selling to thirsty tourists his home-made " pop."
Among the low growths of trees we pass groups of
Welsh ponies, which are singularly pretty in their
native semi-wild state. After proceeding about
another mile the waterfall comes in view, at this
distance appearing only as a white streak on tlie face
of the rock, but on nearer approach, however, its
appearance grows upon one, and when standing at the
bottom within reach of its spray, the effect is very
fine.

To return to Bryn-y-Neuadd. In company with
Mr. Eastwood, who has had charge of the gardens
and woods for upwards of twenty-four years— a fact
which'speaks volumes for both servant and master — I
first enter the kitchen garden, which is a walled
parallelogram within another— an excellent plan for
a spot where the winds are so troublesome. The
plan also affords an increased wall area for the growtli
of choice fruit, and adds enormously to the value of
a garden in providing a large extent of warm borders
and corners for the growth of early crops and for the
protection of others in winter. Tliis plan has the
further advantage of providing abundance of north
aspect borders, which in hot summers, such as the
present, are invaluable for the growth of vegetables
and for prolonging the snpiily of bush fruit and
Strawberries, which arc here planted on many
aspects, and as a consequence these crops are to be
seen in a variety of stages of growth, the value of
which fact will suggest itself to every gardener. Mr.
Eastwood also seems singularly happy in being able
to adapt his practice to tjie peculiar circumstances
of the place. Tliis was made apparent to me on my
inquiry why it was that lie planted his Strawberries
in beds and allowed them to run, as it were, into a
semi-wild state. The answer was that if planted in
rows on tlieir light, shallow, hot land tlie plants all
perished in a short time ; whereas planted in tliis way
lie had fair crops of useful-sized fruit. A more
productive garden than this it is impossible
to find. Young Potatos had been dug from the
open borders some time when I called on Jlay 21,
for all the season was tliere such a late one. It

would be quite possible to take two more crops 08'
this land before the year expires. The old-fashioned
practice is followed here of planting winter or spring
Broccoli, &c., between the rows of Potatos, which are
planted wide apart. In a district where growth is
made late in the autumn I should condemn this
system as unsuitable ; but where Potatos are so early
matured as they are here, I have no doubt the
system is well adapted for the district.

The garden walls are well covered with trees,
which are evidently well cared for. Such a crop of
Apricots as I saw here, was a treat to see — the
branches loaded witli fruit. Crops under glass were
looking exceedingly well, the Peaches and Nectarines
more particularly. I should say there must be some-
thing peculiarly favourable to the growth of stone
fruit in the soil of this district, for I can say, without
hesitation, that I have never before seen such a
heavy set of Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots. I
was told that they set as freely every year. Grapes
in all stages were looking well. Tlie plant-houses are
well stocked with a choice assortment of plants in
good condition — Eucharis especially doing well here.

With a soil and climate such as this is, where
scarlet Pelargoniums pass the winter unscathed, it
does seem a pity that the resources of the soil and
climate are not turned to advantage in growing choice
fruit, flowers, and vegetables for the Manchester and
Liverpool markets, which are within easy reach of
the place, instead of, as now, growing a few patches
of com, which in these times can yield but very
scanty returns. Tvurixt.

The Apiary.

A YEAR WITHOUT WASPS.

O.v all hands we are hearing, "Where are the
wasps ? " and we cannot get an answer. Whether
gardeners will rejoice or not may be a question ; but
at any rate beekeepers will not be in tears at this
fact. We are not prepared to go into the reasons
why there are so few wasps about. It must not be
tliought, however, that they are annihilated. About
one hundred years ago there was a scarcity of wasps
as in the present year, but about two years after there
were more than ever. This year will be a good
one to sit in judgment on the bees. Not a few
gardeners say they spoil the fruit. Now if the fruit
remains untouched this year, we will loudly proclaim
the innocence of the bees, and grant them a free
pardon, as tlie Queen does when a person is let out
of prison who is found to be innocent ; on the other
hand, if the bees are found guilty this year in attack-
ing sound fruit, we will hide our diminished heads.
Should there be anyplace where wasps nnfortunately
abound, the advice we gave in this paper last year
will again apply. It is that of old Dr. Butler :
— "Sett by them sider, verjuice, sour drinke, or
grounds, in a short-necked vial, open, or other
glass, covered with a paper that hath a hoale in the
middle, and soe you shall catch manie."

Beekeepers have ever fought against wasps.
The British Bcc Journal, an old Wiltshire paper,
says : — " The Earl of Kadnor has for many years
paid Is. per nest for wasps and 2,<. per nest for
hornets (!)— tlie queen in each case being invariably
produced witli the nests. It is a kind of harvest for
the men, ' the wasping season be.' " Upon referring
to the books we find that the sum of £506 2&. has
been paid for the destruction of wasps and hornets
within the last twelve years, being an average of
£42 3s. Qd. per year !

But, though beekeepers may, and will, rejoice that
wasps will not rob their hives this year, it may not
be an unmixed blessing. It appears that when
wasps have been destroyed in greater quantities than
usual there has been a plague of flies. The great
French beekeeper, Reaumur (according to the autho-
rity we have mentioned before), says tliat the French
butchers welcome wasps, because they drive away
the flesh-fly ; meanwhile, as no season is all good, or
all bad, we beekeepers can rejoice that our turn has

JuLT 30, 1887.]

TEE GAJRDE NEBS' CRBONICLE.

131

come this year, and that the bees are rendering a
Rood account of themselves. Wliile I write (July
20) the Lime trees are truly roaring with the num-
ber of bees in them, and the nectar is fairly running
from them. E-xcept where Heather abounds there
will not be a great deal of honey when the Limes
iire finished. Walter C/iilty, Pcwsci/.

Colonial Notes.

VITALITy OF SEEDS.
A CHANGE of residence from Jamaica to Trinidad
has prevented my seeing until to-day Mr. Watsons

with special reference to supplies of vegetable seeds
required by European residents in the Tropics.
Seeds of Kidney Beans in Jamaica I have found
useless on numerous occasions after being kept for a
period equal to tliat mentioned in Mr. Watson's note
in italics ; and Peas especially are well known, by all
who liave grown them in the Tropics, to be of very
uncertain growth after a few months onlv. These
facts are no mere theory, but have been ascertained
by personal observation during a series of years.
Even the negro cultivator hesitates to purchase from
a seed-store until he knows that some friend has
purchased, and that the seed was fresh from actual
trial. To make certain of seeds growing, residents
in the Tropics should make it a practice to order at

tropical-house at Kew, where a relative humidity
and temperature to that mentioned could be con-
veniently maintained, and correctly registered by
the hygrometer. I think the j-esult would enable
him to discuss the subject on rather different lines,
and with much greater force.

When writing my note supporting M. Thien7's
assertion, that seeds " lose their vitality much sooner
in the Tropics than in Europe," I was not in any
way depreciating the easy and generally successful
method adopted at Kew, and many other places for
the transmission of seeds, but was pointing out how
Nature showed us the way to preserve the vitality of
seeds by giving to some such a hardened exterior
coat that they have been known to survive immer-

FlG. 32. — THE CONSERVATORY AT HENDRE, MONMOUTH. (SEE P. 130.)

icomments on my note relating to " Transmission ot
Seeds from the Tropics." On referring to my note,
however, I can find nothing to justify Mr. Watson
in making the assertion that I condemned paper
bags for the transmission of seeds to the Tropics.
I did not do so ; what I intended to convey, and
now reiterate as an incontrovertible fact, is, that
the quality of European seeds is depreciated by
being kept in canvas or paper bags " after they
arrive in the Tropics." In hermetically sealed tin
cases, provided the seeds are put up when the
humidity of the atmosphere is in a proper condition,
it will be found that the seeds retain vitality for a
much longer period ; but the cases should be small,
one for each variety, and should only be opened
when required. I may say here that I am writing

intervals, and always keep a fresh supply on hand
for use, but they can order at longer intervals if the
seeds are in sealed cases, and only opened as re-
quired.

The cause of the failure of so many seeds is un-
doubtedly the humidity and high temperature which
ive experience. If we could find in the Tropics such
a convenient drawer as Mr. Watson describes, it
would not have been necessary to write upon the
subject, but when we have a state of humidity repre-
sented by 77, taking saturation at 100, and a mean
annual temperature of over 77° Fahr., the conditions
are somewhat difficult to estimate and understand
by residents in a temperate clime. To enable Mr.
Watson to estimate the value of such conditions, I
would recommend him to place a series of seeds in a

sion in sea-water for months, perform a long voyage,
and then germinate. Perhaps we could not seal as
effectually as Nature does, but we cannot dispute the
fact that the sealing preserves the seeds, for after
cutting one of a similar character through its ex-
terior it will germinate immediately, but as long as
it remains intact and undecayed the vital germ is
kept in a state of preservation. J. H. Hart, Super-
intendent of Botanic Gardens, Trinidad.

N.\TAL.

We are now within a month of midwinter, and the
weather is fine in the extreme. At night, with a
clear sky, the glass may give 2° or 3° of frost up
country— i.e., Maritzburg and the Drakensberg ;
here, 2300 feet above the sea, we have felt as yet

132

TEE GAFDENEFS' CIIBONICLE.

[July 30, 1887.

very little frost. Heliotropes, Tuberoses, Poinsettias,
are blooming untouched. The days are deliglitfuUy
clear, warm, and dry. At mid-day the glass ranges
between 60° and 65° in the shade.

Flowers in season, in addition to the above-named,
comprise Salvias, Habrothamnus, Tea Roses, Tecoma
australis, Chrysanthemums, Violets, Camellias, and
Polygala Dalmaisiana, all grown in the open. Native
flowers are rather scanty, yet a few of the most
showy may be mentioned : — Leonotis Leonurus, with
its long orange spikes rising up from amongst the
long grass like flames of fire ; Athrixia phylicoides,
a neat little Composite with purjile and yellow
flowers ; Nerine flexuosa, rather rare, prefers damp
spots on high ground, 3000— 4000 feet; a lovely white
Hebenstreitia (Verbenacea;), about 4 feet high, densely
set with very many white flowers, is often found with
the Nerine ; Cyrtanthus McKennii, a little gem, with
curved white blossoms — a native of the coast, but
cultivated here — is in full flower ; it stands cutting
very well, and is well worth pot culture.

Summer fruits are rare and dear. Apples, mostly
Northern Greening, 4s. per 100 ; Grapes, Sd. per pound ;
Grenadillas — Passiflora edulis, Id. per 100 ; Ponie-
grana;-es, 4s. per 100 ; Melons, 3s. per dozen ; Lemons,
6s. per 100; Pears, Is. per dozen; Quinces, Is.
per 100.

Winter fruit is appearing on our market in toler-
able quantity. Bananas, Gi. per 100 ; Guavas, Is.
per 100 ; Oranges, 2s. per 100.

Vegetables and farm produce are rather dearer, as
Ijecomes the season. Cabbages, 2s. per dozen ; Cauli-
flowers, 5s. per dozen ; Carrots, dd. per dozen bundles ;
Turnips, Is. ditto ; firewood (Blue Gum), 6s. per
cwt. ; seed Barley, 5s. per ewt. ; Maize, 4s. per
cwt. ; Onions, 5s. per cwt. ; seed Peas, 5s. per
owt. ; Pumpkins, 2s. Qd. per dozen ; Potatos, 6s. per
cwt. — price variable ; sweet Potatos, Is. Gd. per cwt. ;
{Swedes, 2s. per cwt. Wheat is hardly grown in this
colony. The universal food for horses is " forage,"
i.e., ripe Oats cut and sold in bundles which now
letches 2s. to 4s. per cwt.

The past season has been a fair one, though rain
<1id not fall till late in November only. The Maize
crop, in consequence, was very backward, and on
high-lying farms up country frost has done much
damage. B. W. Adlani, Marlt-hiirg, Kital.

Orange and Olive Guowing in New Zealand.
In the province of Auckland the cultivation of the
Orange is making rapid headway, and it is believed
that in the course of a few years the industry will
be one of some importance. For a number of years
Orange trees, chiefly seedlings, have been grown
here and there, and in not a few instances have
yielded excellent crops ; but only very recently has
the regular planting of Orange groves been carried
on. In one particular district, where both soil and
situation are flvvourahle to their growth, there are
already some thousands of Orange trees set out, the
greater portion of which have been grafted or budded,
as worked trees bear so much earlier than seedlings.
It is calculated that in this district during the
present season there will be crops of fruit, on com-
paratively young trees, amounting to 30,000 Oranges.
There are quite a number of trees, not yet six years
oH, that bear from 100 to 200 Oranges each. During
the next decade, no doubt, the planting of the Orange
Bill go on vigorously, so that there should be a plen-
tiful supply ol fruit, if not for export, at all events for
the people living in the colony, the supplies hitherto
having come from Fiji and other islands, and some
from Australia. Some orchardists are of opinion
that the culture of Oranges will be more profitable
than that of Apples or Pears.

It may be mentioned that Lemons of good mar-
ketable quality have been raised for a number of
j'ears. Limes, too, have been grown, which on being
analysed, would compare favourably with tliose
grown in other countries, and showing tliat these
fi-uits might be profitably cultivated for the manu-
facture of citric acid.

In regard to Olive growing, for a number of years
experiments have been carried on just outside of

Auckland city by Dr. Campbell, on a portion of his
valuable estate, suitable for the culture of the Olive.
The experiment is a somewhat extensive one, inas-
much as upwards of 20 acres have been planted with
trees, according to the quincunx system, 20 feet
apart every way. As a start for tliis Olive planta-
tion 5000 seedling trees were obtained from Adelaide
some years ago. These were afterwards grafted at
different times, though the grafts did not all succeed.
Transplanting took place in due course, and there
are now some 2500 trees thriving vigorously, and
this season bearing abundance of fruit. Arrange-
ments have been made with the Auckland Oil and
Candle Co., for treating the Olives wlieu perfectly
ripe, Dr. Campbell having decided that the oil shall
be placed on the market in a form and with a quality
equal to the imported article. So far as climate is con-
cerned, the experiment may be said to have
settled the point wlicther the Olive would do in
New Zealand. WitHam Morgan, Piikekohc, East
Axickland.

TROP.^OLUMS AT CHISWICK.

AwAT in one corner of the Royal Horticultural
Gardens — which it is feared many of the visitors at
the flower show held there on the 14th failed to
visit — may be seen a bizarre bit of colouring pro-
duced by dwarf Trop:colums — a display such as is
rarely seen. The varieties are of that strain called
by us Tom Thumb, and by the French Tom Pouce,
and are sent by the well-known firm of Messrs. Jas.
Carter & Co., who have a wide reputation for Tom
Thumb Tropa:olums, and by the famous Parisian
house of Messrs. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co. ; but by
far the larger number of kinds are from Holborn.
Tlie Tom Thumb TropaBolum diflers from the less
known compactum, not in height, for that is about
the same, but in habit of blooming, as whilst the
Tom Thumb strain blooms profusely early and then
falls ofi^, the compactum forms spread till even 2 feet
across, and bloom profusely till killed by frost, the
flowers being well above the foliage. The Floral
Committee met at Chiswick on tlie 11th, and went
through these Tropa^olums, seeing them at their
very best. It may be worth the while of the com-
mittee to examine them a month or so later, to test
endurance of blooming. In the meantime it is
satisfactory to know that although many of these
varieties have been before the public for several
years, yet it was found desirable to make to several
kinds certain aw-irds of three marks, testifying to
their summer value as bedders. The palest hued
kinds were the spotless cream Tom Thumb
Pearl (Carter) and Tom Pouce (Vilraorin), and
Crystal Palace Gem (Carter), cream, with maroon
spots ; then came Golden King, pure yellow ; Yellow
Tom Thumb, same hue of colour, but rather deeper
than the preceding; Spotted Tom Thumb, yellow,
with maroon spots ; Spotted King, yellow, maroon
spots, rather dwarfer, but not well set ; and Lady-
bird, yellow, carmine spots. Cliameleon, sulphur,
heavily spotted and flushed with red, was more
curious than ])leasing. Coming to the rose tints,
first of these is Cteruleum roseum ; Tom Ponce, rosy,
and Vilmorin, pale rose, are very free ; Ruby King,
dwarfer, and fiowers almost magenta in colour ; Tom
Thumb Beauty, pale orange-scarlet ; Scarlet Tom
Thumb, rather deeper colour; King of Tom Thumbs,
Roi des Tom Pouce, and Vilmorin, crimson ; Em-
press of India, Imperatrice des Indcs (Vilraorin),
dwarfer, and maroon-crimson ; and King Theodore,
dark maroon. All those not otherwise specified are
of Messrs. Carter & Co.'s strains, the whole present-
ing in their rows such a mass of varied colouring as
is rarely seen. Of these Pearl, Crystal Palace Gem,
Yellow Tom, Thumb, Spotted Tom Thumb, Cwrulcum
roseum, Tom Thumb Beauty, Scarlet Tom Thumb,
King of Tom Thumbs, and Empress of India received
three marks each. Sown in rows in the light Chiswick
.soil, these plants have come freely, and apparently
most truly — variations from type after all being very
trifling ; and it is evident that for the production of
summer masses of colour they may he fully trusted.

Cultural Memoranda.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA.

We have two plants of this stove climber growing
in 12-inch pots, which rest on two bricks laid
across two hot-water pipes running along the centre
of a raised bed in a small span-roofed stove, the rims
of the pots being just above the gravel surface of
the bed. The slioots are trained to a wire trellis
fixed to the rafters. Thus grown the plants make
short-jointed growth tliat always flowers well. Liquid
manure is given, to cause the development of large
trusses of fiowers, free growth and fine foliage.
Cuttings taken off with a heel of the old wood any
time after growth commences, inserted in small pots
filled with sandy soil, and placed under a hand-light
in heat, will soon make roots; they should then be
potted singly into 3-inch pots, put back into heat
and watered, afterwards shifting the plants into
larger pots as they require it, using rough peat and
loam in equal parts, with a good sprinkling of sharp
sand. H. W. Ward, Lomjford Castle.

St. John's Wort (Hypericum calycinbm).
This is a showy plant for covering ground in
unfavourable sites, especially banks and under trees.
The plant is easily increased by division of the
roots, made any time during the spring or summer
months, and by cuttings of the ripe wood under a
hand-glass in August and September. Use sandy
soil, and choose a half shady situation. The cut-
tings will be rooted by the month of April. Divi-
sions of the root must be carefully attended to with
water and a little shade in very hot weather until
rooted. The cut blooms keep fresli when placed in
water for a considerable time. H. W. W,

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE AMARYLLIS.
I WROTE on tliis plant at p. 744 of last volume, and
alluded to the saving and sowing of seeds. Tliose
who have no opportunity of saving seeds from their
own plants might purchase some from a trustworthy
source, and in this way start the cultivation of the
plants at a very chea]) rate. Those who possess some
of the best varieties in cultivation should save their
own seeds, and thus obtain a fund of pleasurable ex-
citement in watching the gradual development of the
plants to the flowering stage. I sowed a small
quantity of seed in June last, and the young plants
are already 6 inches high, and have been placed, a
dozen plants together, in a 6-inch pot. They get on
more rapidly if the pots are plunged in a mild bottom-
heat, but this I am not able to give them this year,
the whole of the space in the house being taken up
with the large plants. In any case the young plants
ought to be placed in a hothouse. The old plants of
Amaryllis, whether plunged in the tan beds or
standing on stages, are still in vigorous growth.
Tliey should not be allowed to become too dry
at the roots, else the bulbs will ripen prema-
turely. A check in the mid-season of their
growth causes the plants to suffer more from any
insect pest that may be upon them. Some varieties
are more liable to be attacked by thrips and red-
spider than others are ; and it is also a curious cir-
cumstance that any check wliich the plants may
receive to their growth is followed by an unusual
display of activity on the part of the small parasites
alluded to. TliVips are not easily destroyed by
fumigating, at least if the plants are grown in a tan
bed, they simjily drop off the leaves down amongst
the tan, and are as active as ever next day, extracting
the very life of the plants. I find it best to hand-
wash the leaves with an infusion of tobacco-water to
which a little soft-soap is added. A species of bug
is not uncommon round tlie neck of the bulbs, where
it finds a congenial honte in the decayed scaly
coverings, and can only be conveniently dealt with
by removing the loose portion, and washing round

Jut.v no, 1SS7.]

THE GARDENERS' GElRONICLE.

133

the neck of the bulbs with soapy water. We shall
sadly miss from amongst us at the flowering season,
one of the oldest admirers and cultivators of tliis
plant — the Rev. Thomas Staniforth, of Storr's Hall,
Windermere, whose death is recorded in his eightieth
year. He stimulated amateur cultivators to produce
seedlings by oflfering prizes for them at South
Kensington, and subsequently at the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Regent's Tark. He grew them well in his
own private garden, and cultivated a choice collection.
Storr's Beauty, a lovely variety, was, I believe,
raised by him. It is yet scaixe, and is in the hands
of Messrs. Vcitcb, of Chelsea. Mr. Staniforth was
likewise an admirer of the beautiful in art, as well as
in Nature. He was a collector of old specimens of
Dresden, Sevres, and other porcelain, and possessed
unique pieces of the oldest fabricated articles. J.
Dmglw.

Plants and Their Culture.

Feeks, — At ]>resent the state of the weather is
such that more than ordinary care must be taken to
keep these moisture-loving plants in health. The
shading for them should be adjusted early in the day
before the sun has power enough to injiu-e the young
fronds, and removed when it can no longer harm
them, and that the plants be not subjected to nn-
necessan.' darkness it should be of light material.
Tarching draughts should be carefully avoided, but
a gentle circulation of warm air in conformity with
the requirements of stove or greenhouse species, will
be beneficial in improving the texture of the fronds
and assisting them to mature ; the needful amount of
moisture being kept up by damping the paths, &c.
Having now made considerable root progress and
many fronds, all kinds require a plentiful supply of
water, and should be examined at least morning and
evening, particul.ir attention in this matter being
bestowed upon plants growing in baskets, in small
]>ockets upon rockwork, or upon blocks of wood. I
am no advocate for affording supports to Ferns in a
general way, but with some kinds it is necessary,
not only to improve their appearance but to keep
their fronds apart so that injury from damp shall not
t.ake place. The fronds of Adiantum Farleyense, for
instance, if not ke]>t apart, becomes matted together
and may easily sufl'er in this way- The stakes in all
cases, however, should be neatly and sparingly used.
I am so pleased with the new Fern, Nephrolepis
rufescens tripinnatifida, that I may be excused if I
allude to my treatment of the plant. It grows
freely in the compost previously recommended for
Ferns, and should be placed in a house, the condi-
tions of which suit other stove species of Adian-
tum, Davallia, Asplenium, &c., I have searched in
vain for spores, but young plants are rather freely
produced upon the aijrial roots, which are numerous.
Adiantum cuneatum, Pteris, and other Ferns grown
for house decoration and to cut from, should be
afforded plenty of space and air, be kept well up to
the glass, and butslightIyshaded,so that their fronds
may acquire the firm texture fitting them to withstand
rough usage. Young plants that have been pricked
out into pans should be potted into (30's, before the
l>lants get crowded; a moist position near the glass,
where they can be shaded, will be suitable for them.

NcriuiTis and Hydrangeas. — The once much-grown
and admired Nerium (Oleander), when well grown and
blossomed, as it can be with ordinary attention
always, is much liked. It succeeds best under
cool gi'eenhouse treatment, exposed to full sun-
light, and afforded an abundant supply of water, both
at the roots and overhead from the syringe, during
its season of growth. Established plants may now
be plunged in a bed of cocoa-nut fibre or ashes, in a
sunny position outdoors. Under these conditions
firmer growth will be completed, the foliage will
assume a leathery texture, and the flower-buds will
get thereby better ripened than is the case when
plants are retained under glass the whole year.
The plant being naturally an erect grower, with
shoots close together like the Willow, should have the
shoots neatly spread apart with stakes, for the twofold
purpose of assisting the ripening of the wood and im-
proving the appearance of the plant. Young plants
should not be allowed to get stunted from want of
root-space, but over-potting must be avoided, as mucfi
growth and late, means no flowers for a season ;
much drainage need not be afforded, and the com-
post should consist of sound loam moderately mixed
with peat and sand, and be made firm with the

potting-stick. Hydrangeas, grown in a cool-house
will now be in blossom, and will need frequent applica-
tions of liquid manure, and shading in the sunny
parts of the day, to lengthen their period of flower-
ing. As soon as the flowers fade the flowering
shoots may be shortened, or entirely removed if
there are sufticient young ones springing from their
base to furnish the plant. If necessary, repotting
may also be done, afterwards placing the plants out-
doors, where they should be carefully supplied with
water, and, when the pots get fllled with roots, with
a little liquid manure. The pots may be plunged in
sand or coal-ashes, or be protected from the sun by
sods placed against the sides, if the pots be large
ones. Thomas Coomhcr, Hemhc Gardens.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Peaches and Nectarin-es. — These will need
attention every few days, by keeping the shoots
pegged back to the wall, and in the case of estab-
lished trees the laterals should be kept persistently
pinched out ; but younger trees, that are required to
All a given space, may have a sufficient number of the
most forward of these left, and fastened to the wall,
to furnish the space, gi'oss shoots being entirely
removed. In the case of early varieties they should
have received a final thinning of their fruits ere
this, and the foliage may now be moved aside, or
partly cut away, so as to allow the sun to aid in
giving high colouring to the fruit. Later varieties
should now receive a final thinning of their fruit,
and all the trees should be kept thoroughly clear
from insects by daily syringing with clear water, and
also frequently examine the borders to see that the
roots do not suffer from the want of water. Trees
carrying heavy crops of fruit should either receive an
occasional dose of liquid manure or guano at the root.

Apricots. — Trees of these fruits should now receive
a syringing daily, up to the time of the fruits begin-
ning to ripen, using sufficient force to dislodge any
woodlice or earwigs that may be present ; but do
not expose the fruit to the direct rays of the sun, and
thereby cause it to assume a browned blistered
appearance ; it is much better for receiving a
partial shade from the foliage — in this case differ-
ing widely from Peaches and Nectarines.

Tliinnvig Fruit. — In order to obtain fine speci-
mens of fruit, it is necessary that the crop should be
thinned ; this applies equally to Pears and Plums on
walls and pyramid trees ; also Apples grown as
pyramids, or bushes, on the Paradise stock, which
with us are set with heavy crops of fruit generally.
There is nothing gained by allowing trees to carry
all the fruit they set, a less quantity and finer fruit being
much more to the purpose. The thinning of the
fruit must be regulated according to the character of
the variety, the smaller ones being allowed to retain
more than the larger ones.

Sraall Fruits. — Gathering will now claim daily
attention, and in order that the crop may be gathered
in the best possible condition without loss, either
from over-ripeness or from being gathered too soon,
all sm.all fruit is best plucked when quite ripe,
with the exception of Gooseberries, which are best
gathered for preserving when changing colour.

Gooseberries on trellises will now require to be
netted in, and late sorts had better be protected by
netting, and all other fruit trees requiring protection
should receive attention.

Morello Cherries. — The nets that are not required
for other fruits should be placed over these, and the
shoots should be examined before netting- in, and if
any aphis is found to be present a dusting of
tobacco-powder should be applied. With us these
Cherries are carrying very heavy crops of fruit, and
the showers of rain have been very beneficial in
cleansing their foliage and fruit.

Figs. — See that the young gi'owths of Figs are pro-
perly fastened to the wall, their heavy foliage being
apt to cause the shoots to be displaced by the wind
if not well secured. Keep the young shoots moder-
ately thinned out. I am no advocate of the use of
liquid manure to assist the Fig to swell its fruits,
and think that clear water should be given, only in
the case of exceptionally w-ell-drained borders, the
starving system being found best for the Fig in our
climate when planted outside. By withholding water
they ripen their wood better, and the embryo fruits
withstand the cold of winter without much serious
loss. Fig trees here are carrying excellent crops of
fruit, not having been afforded the slightest help in
the way of watering during the summer.

General Work. — Still continue to push on with the
pruning of wall and other trees, afterwards syringing
any that are found to be much blighted, so as to
thoroughly cleanse them from insects. Trees of
dessert Cherries usually need a thorough cleansing
after the crop is gathered, and the nets removed.
The nets may now be removed from the earliest Straw-
berries, storing them away when quite dry. What-
ever further number of runners may be required they
should be secured at once, and those beds that are to
be retained another year should have all the runners
cleared off them, the ground being afterwards hoed
between the rows. E. iVard, Hewell, Brotnsgrove.

The Flower Garden.

■Violas, Pansies, and Bedding Plants. — The
seed pods on these plants must not be allowed to
form, and they must also receive an abundance of
weak manure water, or a dusting of Thomson's
Manure each time they are watered. Pick off all
decayed flower trusses from the plants in the beds,
and keep the plants within their allotted areas by
pegging down and pinching back. Remove the seed
pods from Dahlias, train and regulate the growths ;
place stakes to Gladioluses and tie them up loosely
as growth proceeds, and plenty of water should be
afforded so as to induce the formation of fine heads
of bloom. Many shrubs are feeling the eff"ects of the
drought, and if a liberal supply of water cannot
be afforded them occasional sprinkling with the
garden engine or syringe will materially assist to keep
them from perishing. I do not remember seeing the
ground so dry since 1868.

Propagatio7i. — Preparation will soon have to be
made for the propaga^.ou of stock for the next
season. Such thing? js Alternantheras, Iresines,
Heliotropes, Petunias, Mesembryanthemums, Trop-
EEolums, &c., being taken in hand first. If these are
propagated without artificial heat they will possess a
much hardier constitution and be better able to pass
the winter without injury. 'Verbenas are plants that
may be successfully wintered in a cold pit, as they
are all but hardy. The ordinary method of treating
those is to strike them in a frame in 5-inch pots. The
pots should be carefully drained to half their depth to
ensure rapid drainage, a mixture of loam, leaf-mould,
and sharp sand, in equal proportions, passed through
a half inch riddle, should be placed on the top of the
drainage to within an inch and a half of the top,
then an inch of sand. This will leave half an inch
for water. The principal aim should be to prevent
the cuttings from becoming flaccid. They are better
immersed in water and taken out as required. A
hard bottom should be secured on which to stand
the pots, which should be plunged to the rim in
cocoa-fibre refuse or ashes. A shading should he.
kept over the cuttings when the sun shines, to pre-
vent them flagging, and a humid atmosphere
should be maintained inside by occasional dewings
with tepid water through a fine rose, the sashes
being kept all but close until such time as the
cuttings have calloused, when the shading may le
gradually discontinued. Pelargoniums, on the otfer
hand, should be struck in the full blaze of the sun.
The best possible place to strike them is a pit
with a hot-water pipe to drive out damp. A
compost of leaf-mould, loam, and sand, in equal
proportions, passed through a i-inch riddle and laid
evenly over to a depth of 3 inches. The cuttings
should be inserted about 2.} or 3 inches apart, and
fully exposed unless during heavy rain or damp
weather. Failing a pit, boxes and pots must be
resorted to.

Roses. — The Rose season has been a short one,
except where mulching, watering, and shading have
been persisted in. If the engine and hose have
been kept at work, the Rose bushes will be in
vigorous health, and should be showing their
second crop of flowers. All previous precautions
must be rigorously carried out, or the drought, if it
continue, will assuredly sap the energies of the
plants. Mildew is not so prevalent as in former
years, but this is in a measure due to the breezy
nature of the weather. AVhen the air is in a state of
stagnation there is more reason to dread its ravages.
Should it appear, syringing with a preparation of
Gishurst Compound late at night, and syringed off
the first thing in in the morning will destroy it. If
greenfly should make its appearance, dust the affected
parts with Pooley's tobacco powder, syringing it off
next day. JV. M. Baillie, Luton Hoo.

134

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[Jdi-y 30, 1887.

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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SHOWS.

/-\Vi>I..cli Working Men's Club.
wr^x'T^ii- t .. , 1 ' Potato.

MONDAY. Aui. 1.^ Continuation of Liverpool Associa-

(^ tiou, aud of Royal Soutliampton.

/"Leicester Show and Gala, at Abbey
TUESDAY, Ara. 2^ Oxford' Oanmtion aud Picotee

I Union.
THURSDAY, Aug. 4— Wellingborough (two days).

( Exhibition Palace, Mancheste

SALES.

Tunpismv An,' . t Imported Orchids, from M

THURSDA-i, Auu. 4-j gander, at Stevens' Rooms.

FRIDAY,

The Roval ^ LETTER addressed by Professor
Horticultural F0.STER to the President of the
Society. Koyal Horticultural Society, and

circulated by permission among the Fellows,
demands attention by reason of the views
to which it gives utterance, and of the distin-
guished position of the writer. Fortunate in-
deed a Council may be considered which numbers
among its members a man who is not only a
successful teacher of physiology in the University
(if Cambridge, but one who, by his energy and
single-heartedness, has become the recognised
leader of a school, and contributed, in an especial
degree, to the wonderful progress in scientific
matters which has taken place in Cam-
bridge during the last two decades, a pro-
gress which in many respects is not a re-
nascence only but a new development. J!e-
.sides this, I'rofessor Foster is .Joint Secretary of
the Koyal Society — a post demanding much
labour and more insight, with a capacity for
managing men engaged in very various depart-
ments of science. Professor Fo.ster's experience
of councils and comntittees of all sorts, therefore,
is singularly large and \-aried, and on this account
alone his views would be worthy of attention.
When we add that Professor Fo.ster is a dis-
tinguished amateur gardener, with a well-defined
hobby, as intelligently as ardently pursxied, it will
be seen that his opinions are specially worthy of
consideration. The letter has been widely circu-
lated, and is longer than we can conveniently give
space to. Nor, indeed, is there any necessity why

we should do so, because the general principles
of policy which he enunciates are in all essential
particulars identical with those which we have en-
deavoured to insist upon for many years — in season
and out of season — till we have exposed ourselves
to the reproach of tedious iteration. Although on
points of detail, there is ample room for wide
differences of opinion, Professor Foster's " no-
tions of what we want and what we ought to
aim at " will be cordially endorsed, so far as they
go, by all horticulturists. They are, of course,
incomplete in that they do not fully express the
aspirations of those who have visionary notions
of an ideal Society, nor will they meet the
requirements of all classes of Fellows. Specially
they do not sufficiently enter into the methods
to be adopted to revive an interest in the Society
in the provinces. Incompleteness, however, is
a minor matter, as that can be easily remedied ;
details, too, can Ije modified where desirable. A\'hat
we fail to see in Professor Foster's scheme is any
indication of how all these and other desirable
changes are to be accomplished. The existing
charter is, he admits, fatal to some of his pro-
posals, and a new one would be essential if it be
found that the desired reforms, or something
approaching them, cannot be carried on without
it. We are inclined to think, however, that it
would l;e quite possible to reorganise the Society
without a new charter. But the most pressing
necessity for the moment is financial. I'rofessor
Foster seems to ignore this, probably thinking
that once a satisfactory programme is arranged,
money will be forthcoming. This m.ay be so ; but
until we have some adequate assurance that
there will be funds enough to provide, at least,
for the initial expenses of the scheme, the mere
circulation of proposals, however excellent, will
not be of much service. To us the need of funds
seems one of extreme urgency. Every one now
seems agreed that it has become necessary to
quit South Kensington ; the Society is there only
on sufferance, and it may be evicted at a week's
notice or less. The Society, unfortunately, is in
th : position of an Irish pauper-tenant — if turned
out it has no money to go elsewhere. This would
not be so serious a matter if it were only a question
of office accommodation, for temporary conve-
nience could be found for the fortnightly
meetings.

The questions ex'ery one is asking aie, "What
is to become of the Trust Fund administered by
the Society ? AVhat is to become of the pictures
and statues belonging to the Society ? — for it has
both ; and, ^^'here is it going to house the library
held in trust for the Society first, and for the
general public afterwards ? The separate in-
come of the Trustees of the library is not suffi-
cient to pay for any accommodation of this sort.
More serious than all, horticulturally .speaking,
are the questions — What is to become of Chis-
wick ? and, IIow are the means to be provided
for the fortnightly shows ?

It were easy to say what a National Horticul-
tural Society should be, and what it should do ;
how itshould provide for all departments, whether
scientific, practical, educational a"'sthetic, or re-
creative ; what relation it should ha\'e to science,
what to conmierce, what to art, what to mere re-
creation, what it should do in the metropolis,
what should he its functions in the provinces.

It would not be difficult to prepare a
scheme of devolution whereby the work
of the Society might be confided to heads
of departments, chairmen of committees, and a
general manager, with a system of control ex-
ercised by a Council elected by, and in touch with,
the various sections of the horticultural body
as no Council has ever fully been within our

recollection ; but until we can see clearly what
amount of financial support the Society is likely
to have, we fear that all such discussions would
be of the nature of academical dissertations.

One thing is certain — a national Horticul-
tural Society is a necessity. Practically it is a
necessity if we are to progress. The special
societies serve their individual purposes excel-
lently well, but the groove they each individually
move in, is very restricted; round and round
they go, with a slight excursus perhaps in this
direction, a marked inflection in another, and yet
all this time we as a nation are annually paying
thousands and tens of thousands of pounds to the
foreigner for flowers, fruit, and vegetables, which,
barring fiscal regulations, might just as well be
produced at home, serve to pay our own labourers,
and yield a rent for our sorely pinched land-
owners.

Scientifically, it is a necessity if we are to avail
ourselves of the ore which our men of science
at home and abroad have brought, and are con-
tinually bringing, to the pit's mouth for our
benefit, and which has a potency of incalculable
worth did we only know how properly to utilise it.

yEsthetically it is a Ijenefit if we are to break
away from tasteless carpet beds, ribbon borders,
Covent Garden bouquets, and " floral designs " — ■
Heaven help us ! and adopt methods consonant
with good taste, and marked by the beauty of
appropriateness.

Socially — but we are verging too closely upon
the academical dissertation ! In the meantime it
is something to know what we want, and we
thanlc Professor Fosier for reiterating that.

MysTACIDIUM FILICORNE.— By the aid of a

photograph taken in the garden of Mr. W. Tuck, of
Graham's Town, South Africa, we are pleased to be
able to give an illustration (fig. 3.3) of this beautiful
epiphytal Orchid, which hitherto we have not met
with in cultivation. Of it Mr. Tdck says: — "The
plant of which I send photograph is growing on an
Olive wood post exposed to the morning sun, but
shaded from the mid-day sun by a piece of plank,
and from tlie afternoon sun by the iron fence ; and
here it flowers magnificently. One of the pieces
which I took last January for Professor MacOwan,
of Cape Town Botanic Gardens, to see, had at least
sixty of its racemes of ciiarming white and fragrant
flowers, and was a fine sample of what a beau-
tiful object it can be. It flowers here about
the end of the old and beginning of the new
year, and if it would flower in England at the same
time, it would be invaluable for personal adornment
at the festive season. In tlie district where it
grows wild it is found very sparingly scattered on
Euphorbias, often fully exposed to wind, rain, and
I may say, slight frost at times. On blocks, or in
baskets, in any ordinary greenhouse, I should say it
could be easily grown in England." The genus
Mystacidium difTers from Angra!cum and Aeranthus
by some particulars, and especially in the spur. The
best of the three species is the one under notice, the
others being smaller in leaf and flower. M. pusillum
is like a very small form of M. filicorne, and M.
gracile, an almost leafless kind, with flowers inter-
mediate between the other two.

The Late Thomas Moore.— a memorial:

stone has been erected in Bronijiton Cemetery to the-
memory of this indefatigable worker in and for horti-
culture. It is of marble, with an appropriate device
of Ferns and Stangeria. The inscription runs-
thus ; —

" To the memory of Thomas Moore, F.L.S., for
thirty-eight years Curator of the Botanic Gardens of
the Society of Apothecaries at Chelsea, who died
January 1, 1887, aged sixty-five years. In testimony
of their appreciation of a career unselfishly devotei
to the promotion of botany and horticulture, especially

Jdly 30, 1887.]

THE GABBENEBS' CliliONICLE.

135

to the investigation ami classification of Ferns, as
^oll as in grateful remembrance of his sterling
(jualities as a friend and a colleague, this memorial
has been erected by a few of his fellow-workers."

Those friends of Mr. Moore who are desirous of
sharing in this tribute, and who have not yet sent
their contributions, are requested to do so immedi-

London, and the attendance of visitors' of all classes
and ages was verj' large ; in fact the rush for ad-
mittance to the exhibition was so great that the turn-
stiles were broken down when about 15,000 people had
passed in. Children, especially, appeared to appre-
ciate the floral feast, which they obtained at a cost of
Ir'., while adults paid %1. Of all the miscellaneous

Co. had some tastefully arranged baskets of Gail-
lardias. Sweet Sultan, &c., and also presented a bouquet
to H.K.II.the Crown Princess of Gerriany, who visited
the show on Jlonday. Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High
Holborn, London, contributed to the display a large
gi'oup of hardy annuals and a few other plants.
Arrangements were made for a little competition

Fig. 33.-511-

(see p. 131.)

ately, eitlier to Jlr. Harry J. Veitch, King's Road,
Chelsea ; or to Dr. Masters, at the office of this
journal.

The People's Palace.— The dwellers in the

East End of London had a ray of sunshine in the shape
of a Hower-show during the past week, the man-
agers of the new People's Palace having made arrange-
ments for the holding of one in the ground attached
to the hall latelv opened by the Qcees. The show
was purely a philanthropic display of flowers and
plants by several of the leading nurserymen of

plants and flowers the Eoses of Mr. '\V. Ru.iisey,
AValtham Cross, were admired as much as any, if not
more, and truly he had a taking arrangement of
blooms in boxes and baskets tastefully set out with
Fei-ns. Mr. B. S. 'Williams, Upper Holloway, showed
the largest quantity, staging a general lot of stove and
greenhouse plants. Mr. H. B. May, Upper Edmonton,
contributed Ferns, and tuberous Begonias came from
Messrs. J. Laing & Co., Forest Hill. Messrs. Barr &
Son, Covent Garden ; Hooper, Covent Garden ; and
Ware, Tottenham, were each exhibitors of collections
of cut flowers of herbaceous plants. Messrs. Hoopek Sc

amongst local amateurs ; some of the efforts were
poor, speaking from a horticultural point of view,
but evidenced all the more how much pleasure is to
be derived from the cultivation of flowers, even under
the adverse conditions of this quarter of London. Mr.
E. Rivers, gardener to '\V. B. Bryan, Esq.,'Waterworks,
Old Ford, showed the best in this division ; and Rev.
A. Vf. Chubd, St. Thomas' Vicarage, Stepney, con-
tributed some good plants. Such exhibitions as
these are likely to stimulate the efforts of local
amateurs, and should be encouraged. Mr. Earley
was the manager of the show.

13G

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 30, 1S87.

Phylloxera Laws.— The foUowiag has been
sent to us for publication : —

" Foreign Office, July 22, 1887.
" Sir, — 1 am directed by the Secretary of State for
Foreign Aft'airs to transmit to you, to be laid before
the Director, the accompanying copy of a French
Decree as marked in the margin, prohibiting the im-
portation of flowers, fruits, and vegetables from Italy.
A copy has also been sent to the Board of Trade. I
ara, &c.,

(Signed) " James Feeousson.

"The Assistant-Director, Koyal Gaidens, Kew."
(Copy).

" Journal Official, 20 Jnillet, 1887.
** Le President de la Republique Fran9aise, sur
le rapport du Ministre de I'Agriculture.
" Vu I'existence du Phylloxera officiellement con-
statee sur divers points de ITtalie, et notamment
dans les provinces septentrionales de ce pays ; con-
siderant qn'il importe de conjurer par tons Us
moyens possibles I'exteusion de cc fleau dans nos
dep.artements limitrophe?-^

" Decre/e.
"Art. ler. — Est jirohibfe I'imiJoitation par tons
les Bureaux de Douane Fran9ais des plants, des
ileurs coupees et en pots, des fruits, des legumes
frais et en general de tons les produits horticoles et
maraichers de provenance Italienne.

" Art. 2. — Les jMinistres de I'Agriculture et dos
Finances sont charges, chacun en ce qui le con-
cerne, de lexecution du present decret.

" Fait a Paris, le 16 Juillet, 1887.

" Jules Ghevy.
"Parle President de la Republique : Le Ministre
de I'Agi'iculture, " P. Barde."

Flower Show at Peel Park.— The sixth
floral, horticultural, and cottage window gardening
exhibition, under the auspices of the Museum.
Libraries, and Parks Committee of the Salford
Corporation, was held in Peel Park, Manchester.
The exhibits were arranged in a large marquee
in three classes. In tiie first class were included
stove plants, gi-eenhouse plants, nurserymen's and
gentlemen's gardeners' specimens, fruit and vege-
table ; class 2 was set apart for cottages with
greenhouses, and class 3 for cottage windows. Tlie
show, taken as a whole, was an excellent one. The
exhibits in the gardeners' classes were very meri-
torious, and so also were the cottagers' exhibits
There were some choice collections shown not for
competition ; amongst these were the displays of
Mr. T. Agnew, Mr. S. Armitage, Mr. B. Armitage,
Mr. Harwood, and Mrs. Agnew. The Ferns, Pelar-
goniums, and Cockscombs in the cottagers' division
were very commendable. There were some vei-y nice
hand bouquets and spr.ays for ladies ; and a large
collection of honey in various stages, shown by Mr.
yy. Wright, of Partington, Cheshire, attracted a
good deal of attention. The leading local nursery-
nun were represented by some interesting collections.

The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— We believe
Messrs. Jajies Caktek & Co. were the first actual
subscribers to this fund. We hope there will be a
brisk and continuous competition to be the last on
the list. At a well attended meeting of the Execu-
tive Committee, held on Monday last in Messrs.
Weeks & Co.'s office. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.,
Mr. G. Deal was elected Chairman of the committee,
and a sub-committee was appointed for the purpose
of nominating Local Secretaries, and to take steps
to tlie election of the same. Donations and sub-
scrijrtions to the amount of £1020 were announced.
We understand that there has already been received
one application for n-lief from the Fund.

Crossed Wheats.— Messrs. Carter & Co.
are pursuing their veiy interesting experiments in
crossing diflS-rent varieties of Wheat at their nurseiy
at Perry Vale, Forest Hill. The great aims are to
secure varieties of Wlieat specially suitable to par-
ticular conditions of soil and climate. One of their
vai-ieties, a cross between Talavera and Royal Prize
Red, is earlier to ripen by eight or ten days than
any variety previously known. The importance of
thi.>i in such a climate as ours is easilv estimated.

Some of the ears of tliis variety measured S inches
in length, with the spikelets loosely arranged as in
the Talavera. The varieties difl'er in size and shape
of ear, smoothness or wooUiness of chaff, the presence
or absence of beard, and numerous other points
mentioned in our note of last year. One of the
plants we noticed this year, the produce of a single
grain, has yielded sixty stalks, each witli an ear at
the top measuring on the average 6J inches in length.
These experiments are of great interest botanically,
and are especially valuable from a practical point of
view.

Flowers in Season.— Statice Suwarovii.— This

is in full bloom on the Kew rockery, where its curiously
twisted spikes of pale lilac flowers are strangely effec-
tive. We are sorry it should be necessary to restrain
these eccentric plants by a stake. They d o so enjoy
their freedom, and look so miserable tied up to a neat
garden stick supplied by the horticultural sundries-
man.

Auhrktia dcHoidca var. Leichtlinii. — A very pretty
variety is now in bloom on the Kew rockery.
Instead of the usual lilac flowers, in this variety they
are of a clear magenta colour,

Castil/ela indivisa. — A few plants of this brilliant
perennial may now be seen on the Kew rockery.
Nothing can be more brilliant than the colour of the
bracts of this plant. We had fancied it a parasite
on the roots of other plants, but if so Jlr. Dewar
knows how to break it of its bad habits, and make it
gi'ow as an independent citizen.

W/iitc Lancnder. — The reader will do well not to
get this unless he is a connoisseur in out-of-the-way
things. Most people would prefer the ordinary kind,
but those on the look-out for curiosities may like to
know that it is in bloom at Kew just now.

Miraliilis nmltifiora. — A hardy perennial, of some-
what prostrate shrubby habit, with glaucous cordate
leaves, and large rosy-lilac flowers. It is very efiTec-
tive and beautiful, and may be seen just now in the
herbaceous ground at Kew.

Hypericum repiuns. — This is a very pretty species,
fit for covering rockwork. Its neat habit, closely ap-
pressed branches, and relatively large yellow floweis
render it very attractive.

National Carnation and Picotee Society

(Northern Section).— The annual exhibition will
take place in the Exiiibition Palace, Manchester, on
Friday, August 5. The general impression appears to
be th.at there will be a good exhibition, the drought
and hot weather notwithstanding. The annual ex-
hibition of the Oxford Carration and Picotee Union
takes place in Mr. E. S. Dodwell's garden, on
Tuesday next August 2.

" HORTUS BelGICUS."— Under the title odndc.r
Bihlioyraphique de I'Hortus Belt^icus the Federation of
the Belgian Horticultural Societies (an institution
to which we have nothing comparable) has published
a catalogue of the ornamental plants which have
been described, figured or introduced into Belgium
from 1830 to 1880. The list was dra\vn up by the
late Professor Moeren and M. A. de Vos. The
name of each plant is given, its native country, or
source if a garden variety, the year of its introduc-
tion, the name of the importer or raiser, and the
publication in which the plant was figured or described
for the first time. The value of such a catalogue for
horticultural purposes cannot be over-estimated, and
as most of the plants are of course equally common
in British gardens this catalogue will be of value
here also, even though the bibliographical references
are confined to Belgian publications.

Petunias.— There is a fine di.splay of these at
Messrs. Carter's nurseiy just now. Their Queen
of Roses is a beautiful single variety, of a lovely
shade of pink; others have a rich pencilling in the
throat, or lacing of gi'cen, while the semi and double
varieties have outer guard corolla of one colour, the
inner petals of another. Messrs. Cauter find Petu-
nias excellently adapted for bedding in this dry
season, one bed that we saw being in full beauty.

though we were assured it had had no artificial
watering for several weeks.

Newton's Patent Glazing. — On several

occasions recently, a form of glazing the fixed roofs
of glasshouses has been shown at the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society's meetings at South Kensington,
which has many good points to recommend if
The bars, of iron, either galvanised or black, are
punched at any desired distance with holes to hold a
double clip, by which means the glass is kept in
position; a bedding of putty may be used or not —
the glass is quite tight without it ; and as a layer of
water is always found in the small interstices be-
tween the glass and the iron, it is wind-proof and
smoke-proof ; the laps fit closely ; there is no cap-
ping ; the glass cannot slip ; and provision is made
for expansion. A great advantage is, that the
rafters can be bent to any form, so that a span-roof
rafter can be made of one piece of iron by being
simply bent at the ridge, and. if side-light be wanted,
at the angle of roof and side, the ends of the rafter
being embedded in the wall. It seems to be rea,->
sonable in cost.

Technical Education.— There is no question

whatever that the great advances which the Germans
are making in commercial matters is in large
measure due to their superior scientific and technical
education. For one thing, the elaborate treatises on
the structure and appearances of agricultural and
garden seeds have no parallel in this country.
We allude to the matter specially now, as we have
before us a report of a law case in which it is stated
that some seed sown as Turnip seed eventually pro-
duced "something like a small berry tree." [!] It was
further contended that Turnip seed often " turned
into what were called runners." Further on in the
case, certain farmers and seed growers alleged that
" they could not tell what sort of plants they could
possibly be, some of them thinking they might be a
kind of wild Cabbage." All this reveals an amount
of ignorance of the details of their own business
which is astounding among a so-called practical
people.

" New Commercial Plants and Drugs." —

Mr. Christy's pamphlets, issued under this heading,
always contain much interesting matter, and the
present one is like its predecessors. It points out
some of the shortcomings of the Indo-Colonial Ex-
hibition, so far as regards the scientific investigation
of the products exhibited, and insists on the par-
amount necessity of improved education if we are to
survive in the competition of commerce and industry.
Alluding to the Imperial Institute and its pro-
gramme, Mr. Cheisty says, " The watchword must
be science and commerce, not bricks and mortar and
place-hunting." Special attention is given in the
present part to the botanical history of Strophan-
thus, a plant, or plants, yielding a drug of much
potency in some forms of heart disease, alleviating,
if it cannot cure, the disease. Several species are
mentioned, and illustrations given of them, but we
find no mention of the S. Bullenianus described and
figured in our columns, from specimens flowered by-
Mr. Bcllf.n in the Glasgow Botanic Garden in 1870.
A feature of the present issue is supidied by Mr.
Lewis Castle, who furnishes useful hints on the
culture of some officinal plants.

The Flora of West Yorkshire.— Lender

the auspices of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union,
Mr. F. A. Lees is about to publish a Flora of West
Yorkshire, comprising, with a coloured map, details
concerning the climate, soil, and vegetation of the dis-
trict, treated with a completeness not previously
aimed at. The work as a whole has been modelled
upon Mr. Baker's Flora of North Yorkshire.

The Horticultural Club. — The annu.at
excursion was held on Wednesday, when a party,
including the Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen, Mr.
Shirley Hibberd, Mr. Harrison Weir, Mr. J. Lee,
the Secretary, Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain, and many
others, including several ladies, visited Bridge and

Jm-T 30. 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CBRONICLE.

137

Penshurst. Redlcaf had, unfortunately, to be left
unvisited, from want of time. Lord Abergavenny's
courtesy was warmly appreciated, while it is needless
to say that a fellow feeling existed between Mr.
Eust and Mr. Bridger and their respective visitors.
The party returned to town in the evening, delighted
with their outing.

The Cultivation of Prunes in Servia.—

Prunes form one of the principal exports of Servia,
and in 1885 amounted to about 2.3,228,777 kilos, of
the value of £231,000. A recent report on this trade
states that it is reckoned that one-third of this pro-
duce is exported direct to Germany via Regensburg,
one-third direct to America via Fiume, and one-
third to Pesth, from which latter place Prunes are
sent to the various European markets. The increase
in the exportation of Prunes to North America via
Fiume should be particularly noticed. Fiume is
more advantageously situated than Trieste for this
purpose. From the beginning of the season no
less than 400 complete waggonloads were ex-
ported by sea, and chiefly to North America.
The Prune harvest for 1886 yielded in Bosnia more
than a third of the harvest of the previous year, and
can be reckoned at about 17,000,000 kilogs. Of
this sum-total more than three-fourths were exported,
the quality was of a very satisfactory nature, the
product being healthy, well dried, considerable in
quantity, and of a durable nature. In 1885 a direct
trade with Great Britain in Prunes was established,
and it promises to attain considerable proportions in
the future. Prunes are consumed in enormous
quantities in Germany, and it is to that country that
the great bulk is exported. In England Prunes are
considered more as an articleof luxury, and the French
*' Prunes Imp^riales," as sold in the English market,
are the favourites, although perhaps the Servian
Prunes, generally somewhat smaller than the French
Plum, possess if anything at all. a finer flavour and
can certainly be sold at a very much cheaper late
than that at present demanded for the French pro-
duction. The real reason is, probably, that as Prunes
are more generally consumed amongst the richer
classes in England, the superior packing and what
may be termed the general making-up of these French
*' Prunes Imperiales," render them more attractive to
the eye, and, in spite of their higher prices, sell better.

Messrs. John Laing & Co.— The emploi/a of

Messi's. John Laing & Co., of Forest Hill, numbering
about eighty, went for their annual outing to Rams-
gate on Friday, the 23rd. The dinner, well served
at Grant's Hotel, was presided over by Mr. Laing,
supported by his two sons and the heads of tlie
various departments. Afterwards a most enjoyable
day was spent.

HYBRID STREPTOCARPUS.

One of the most striking of " new plants " intro-
■duced of late years is undoubtedly Streptocarpus
Dunnii. Those who have visited the Succulent-
house at Kew and seen the large, almost gigantic,
crumpled leaves crawling, as it were, on the gi'ound
like some Chelonian or Lacertian reptile, witfi a
dense sheaf of large dull red flowers thrust up
above the leaf, will admit that this, though not
a florist's plant, nor a market plant, nor one suitable
for a drawing-room table, nor for a buttonhole
bouquet, is nevertheless very attractive in its way.
To Mr. Watson, we believe, we are indebted for the
happy thought of using it as an edging round the
centre bed of the Succulent-house, where its extra-
ordinary appearance invariably attracts the atten-
tion of the visitors. But Mr. Watson has
gone a step further, and with that Oliver
Twist-like longing for more which belongs
to all true gardeners and experimentalists, he
has succeeded in raising a number of hybrids be-
tween this comparatively new species and the older
and better known Streptocarpus Rexii and S, parvi-
flora. The results are very striking, and we can hardly
doubt that Mr. Watson has set the foundation of a new

race of plants, parallel in importance', to the Achi-
menes and Tydajas. At the Royal Horticultural
Society on Tuesday last two of these plants received
First-class Certificates. We think H. a misfortune
that a Botanical Certificate was not awarded in this
case, for an ordinary First-class Certificate seems to
us to be both an inadequate and inappropriate means
of recognising the peculiar merits and promise of a
" new departure " such as this. Surely the develop-
ment in this way of an entirely new race is worthy
of a higher recognition than is accorded to the raiser
of a seedling Dahlia or Picotee, of .which there is a
whole army corps in point of numbers already. We
believe Mr. Watson's experiments are the beginnings
of a new class of greenhouse plants of much beauty
and interest. For the description which follows we
are indebted to Mr. N. E. Brown : —

"Previously to the advent of the red-flowered
S. Dunnii all the species in cultivation had flowers
of various shades of blue, violet, or white, but the
new hybrids make a pleasing and striking departure
from this condition of things. S. KewensisX is
the result of fertilising S. Rexii with the pollen
of S. Dunnii. It has two or three large oblong
or elongate-ovate bright green leaves, which, how-
ever, do not attain such large dimensions as in
S. Dunnii ; the flower-stems are numerous, and six
to eight flowered, forming a tolerably compact mass
of flowers ; the corolla is about 2 inches long and
1^ — 1^^ inch in diameter, of a bright mauve-purple,
striped with dark brownish-purple in the throat.
S. Watsoni X is a hybrid derived from S. parviflora,
fertilised by the pollen of S. Dunnii ; the
single leaf is similar to but rather smaller than
that of S. KewensisX. It is exceedingly floriferous,
having numerous flower-stems, bearing ten to six-
teen flowers, about 1| inch long, and 1 inch in dia-
meter, of a bright rose-purple with a white throat
striped with brownisli-purple. Both these hybrids
have the peduncles arising closely one in front of
another, so that the flowers are all grouped in a com-
pact and handsome mass, which is very effective, and
quite distinct in character from all except their
parent S. Dunnii. Great credit is due to Mr. Watson
for the prompt way in wliich he utilised S. Dunnii
for hybridising, and it will be well to continue the
experiments, for the results he has already obtained,
beautiful as they are, are probably but the fore-
runners of a new aud distinct class of Streptocarpus,
which will perhaps have as fine a range of colour as
Gloxinias have. By the way, has hybridising between
Streptocarpus and Gloxinia ever been tried ? If not,
the suggestion is worthy of a trial, and if successful
the fee should be twenty guineas for the hint.

" Besides the above, Mr. Watson has also raised
two other hybrids, obtained from S. Rexii fertilised
with the pollen of S. parviflorus, which also are im-
provements upon the parent species. ' White
Pet ' has several oblong leaves, 5 — 7 inches long,
by 2 — 3 inches broad, and numerous flower-stems
4 — 6 inches high, bearing two to five flowers,
about 1^ inch long and 1 inch in diameter, white,
with a broad sulphur-yellow median stripe, and five
to seven short pale violaceous stripes around it, in
the throat on the lower side. Another has several
oblong leaves, 6 — 11 inches long by 2 — 3 inches
broad, and numerous flower-stems 6 — 9 inches long,
bearing six to nine flowers, l.| inch long and
1 inch in diameter, of a light blue, marked on the
lower side of the throat with seven dark purple-
violet stripes, the space on either side of the central
stripe being sulphur-yellow. Both are showy, free-
flowering plants, and although surpassed in beauty
by those above named, are very desirable additions to
this class of plants."

the present hot weather the vineries containing ripe
and ripening Grapes should have the pathways and
surface of the boi ders damped over witli the syringe
about 11 o'clock in the morning, and again at 1 and
half-past 4 o'clock in the afternoon, so as to render
the atmosphere more congenial to the requirements
of the plants.

Jlfc/oiM.— Complete the earthing-up of late plantings,
and in doing so let the soil be trodden or rammed
firmly down all over the surface of the bed. The
stopping, thinning, and tying of the shoots to the
trellis are items of culture requiring frequent atten-
tion. As the plants come into flower a drier and
airier atmosphere should be maintained until the
fruit is set, after which these conditions should be
reversed, and as soon as the fruit begins to swell the
necessary number of the best-shaped should be
selected, picking ofi"the superfluous fruits forthwith,
and distributing those left to swell regularly over the
plants. Plants growing in pots and boxes should
have copious and frequent supplies of weak liquid
manure given them at the roots, otherwise the fniits
will not attain to " pi-esentable dimensions." Put a
little air on about half-past 7 o'clock in the
morning, and gradually add to the quantity
given as the power of the sun increases. Shut
up about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, with plenty of
atmospheric moisture on bright days, damping the
plants and house generally again before dark. Houses
in which the plants are iii flower should have a little
air afforded them all night, and those containing
ripe and ripening fruit should be ventilated freely
dav and niglit. H. W. Ward, Longfurd Castle.

Fruits Under Glass.

Vines. — These in every stage of growth should be
amply supplied with water at the roots. In short.
Vines, from the time they start into growth until
they have shed their leaves, should never be allowed
to get really dry at the roots, and after the fall of
the leaf they should only be allowed to become
moderately so, but always inclining to the moist
side, which is but their natural condition. Vines
cropped lightly rather than otherwise and kept well
supplied with moisture, and a free circulation of
fresh air maintained from the time the berries begin
to colour, are sure to finish their crops well. During

The Kitchen Garden.

AVinteh Spinach. — The sowings for this crop
should be made, according to locality, from the
first to the third week in August. The best situa-
tion is an open one, facing south, sheltered from
cutting winds, and well drained. A soil that was
manured for a previous crop is to be preferred ; the
surface should be well broken and worked, aud after-
wards formed into ridges from 20 inches to 2 feet
apart. In a few days, when the soil has become firm,
drills 1 inch deep 'should be drawn on the surlace
of the ridges, and the seed sown thinly, and covering
lightly with fine soil, the soil being then rolled
or beaten to consolidate it. The young plants should
be thinned as soon as large enough to handle —
roughly at first, and finally to a distance of 6 inches
from plant to plant. After-treatment will consist
of keeping the ground stirred between the rows, and
the application during the earlier stages of growth
of occasional light top-dressings of lime and soot.

Parsley.— 1( the crop is likely to be short no time
should be lost in transplanting strong plants from
the earliest sowings to convenient borders, where
frames can be readily placed over them, or some
protection afforded during winter. Now also would
be a good time to establish some Parsley in well-
drained pots or boxes; these after being planted
could stand for a time in some cool shady position,
and be attended to with water, and on the approach
of frost removed into some cool pit or house, to be
kept in reserve.

General jror/i:.— Examine recently planted plots
of Cabbage, Broccoli, Sprouts, and the like, and make
good all vacancies, and finish the planting out of late
Celery, Leeks, and Broccoli. Keep the surface soil
amongst all growing crops open by constant applica-
tion of the hoe. Watering during the present hot
weather will require constant attention, and to give
good results it must be done thoroughly. Such sub-
jects as Cauliflowers, Peas, Beans, Lettuce, and all
salading must have copious supplies of water afforded
them. John Austen, Witley Court.

Sowing Auricula Seed,— The seeds for this
season are now ripe, and it is best, if plants are
wanted as quickly as possible, to sow at once. Those
who do not already possess plants would be anxious
to see the seedlings appearing above gi-ound, so
that they might take an interest in their further
development. The seeds speedily vegetate in a
frame or hand-light on the north side of a wall.
The seed pots must on no account be placed where
the sun would shine directly upon them ; for it
might destroy the embryo in the process of germi-
nation. J. Douglas.

138

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JcLT 30, 1887.

MESSRS. R. VEITCH & SON'S
ROCKWORK AT LAURISTON HALL,
TORQUAY.

The illustration (fig. 35, p. 139) shows a portion of
the rockwork recently erected, under the direction of
Messrs. Robert Veitch & Son of Exeter, at Lauristou
Hall, Torquiiy, Devon.

Like many other dwellings in this charming water-
ing-place, Lauriston Hall stands on a lofty eminence,
commanding an e.xcellent view of pictures(iue Torbay
And the surrounding district ; but so steep is the
■approach that in order to procure even a small ex-
jmnse of lawn with flower-beds, &c., it was necessary
to have recourse to artificial supports in the shape of
strong walls and high arches. The " plateau " thus
produced may be said to resemble (in priucple of con-
struction at least), tlie celebrated " hanging gardens
■of Semiramis," on a small scale.

The supporting arches, ten in number, form a kind
■of open elevated cellar, which although connected
"with the pleasure grounds by means of steps), had
for years been utilised as a rough warehouse for
•storing pots, sticks, &c., until recently the happy idea
of transforming the whole into a rockwork with a
:series of grottoes, caves, &c., was suggested and suc-
cessfully carried out by Messrs. Veitch & Son,
Exeter.

It was not altogether an easy task to deprive the
arches and other masonry of their regular and
formal appearance, but this has been effectually
■accomplished nevertheless. A covered prome-
nade in front of tlie inner arches has been
transformed into a charmiug rockwork, winding in
and out among projecting rocks of great variety,
covered with numerous alpines. Ferns and climbers
of every description, whilst in tlie background the
Jirches themselves are made to resemble more
massive pictures of perfectly natural appearance.
The two central arches (being too dark for the cul-
tivation of plants) have been united into a spacious
tavern, studded with numerous fantastic groups of
stalagmites and stalactites.

The adjoining arch on the left forms a rugged
entrance into the cave, whilst the one to the right
luas been treated in a totally different manner, repre-
senting as it were a deep chasm in tlie rock, from
which emerges a dripping waterfall.

The recesses of another arch have been devoted
entirely to the cultivation of Adiantuni Capillus-
Veneris, Asjilenium adiantum nigrum, A. tricho-
manes, &c. In another portion of this work a group
of Osmundas has been introduced, including Osmunda
regalis, O. regalis cristata, O. cinnamomea, O. pal-
ustris, &c.

The various groups though evidently arranged on
the principle that " variety is charming," are har-
moniously blended, and equally pleasing as a whole.
The plan of thus converting grim walls and ugly
brick arches into things of beauty cannot be too
highly recommended. The work was designed and
superintended throughout by the landscape gardener
of the firm, Mr. F. W, Meyer.

Home Correspondence.

Rose Earl of Dufferin.— I am delighted to

see the good account given in to-day's issue of tlie
Gardeners' Chronicle, on p. 110, of Messrs. Alexander
Dickson's new H.P. Earl of Duff'erin ; but " Wild
Rose " must be under some misapprehension when he
alludes to H.P. Prosper Laugier (Eug. 'Verdier,
1883) as a "pure rose colour," or as anything ap-
proaching Duchesse de Morny in tint. I took a fancy
to Prosper Laugier directly it was sent out, and in
addition to growing some eighty plants of it in the
last three years, I have constantly looked out for it at
exhibitions and in nurseries, and, therefore, can
hardly think that I have so entirely misapprehended
its colour, which I should describe as a rich full
crimson, but little shaded. Is it possible that " Wild
Rose "had in his mind's-eyc Madame Prosper Lau-
gier, sent out by M. Eug. 'Verdier in 1875, and which
sometimes, especially in cut-back plants, comes quite
a light rose colour? It was pointed out when

Prosper Laugier was sent out that the simiharity of
the name to tliat of the earlier variety would pro-
bably cause confusion ; and it has certainly done so
several times before now. T, W. Girdlcstonc. [The
Lictionnaire des Hoses says that Prosper Laugier is
red-scarlet aud carmine, and JIadaine I'rosper
Laugier fine rose. Ed^]

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— In Professor
Foster's able paper circulated among the Fellows of
the Royal Horticultural Society, it is said at p. 2,
" In the first jdace the bestowal of medals is
ridiculously superabundant; being showered down as
they are, they have lost all distiuctive value." For
the information of those not thoroughly conversant
with the working of the Society, it may be well to
state why medals are given more frequently than was
formerly the case. In the impecunious state of the
Society, wlien it cannot afford to ofl'er prizes, and
when the visitors to the fortnightly meetings would

be hardly satisfied with seeing only the plants sent up
for adjudication, leading nurserymen both of town and
country from time to time make more interesting
and instructive large displays. Visitors will remember
fine banks of Gladiolus, Rhododendrons, Roses,
Nai'cissus, spring flowers, &c. Some acknowledg-
ment has to be made to the exhibibitors. In this
view a medal of grade according to merit is awarded
after very careful inspection. The use of medals has
thus been d iverted from being very mre awards to single
highly remarkable plants to be a reward for making use-
ful and attractive displays in the conservatory when no
great exhibitions are going on ne.xt door. The visitors
to the fortnightly shows are not sufficient in number
to reward the exhibitors of groups for the expense
and trouble of bringing up their large number of
plants. According to my experience, which is not
small, exhibitors still greatly prize the award of
medals. George F. Wilson.

SILENE PUSILLA. — I am inclined to believe that
the plant figured under the above name on p. 44,
July 9, is Silene quadrifida. Soil and climate do.

no doubt, affect this as well as other plants. I agree
it deserves all your encomiums if it really be S, quad-
rifida. And if there must be comparison, I will say
that Silene alpestris aud Tunica Saxifraga, both of
which present a somewhat similar appearance at a
casual glance, are in many respects inferior. This
section of Silenes follows Smelowskia alpina.
Such-like plants thrive with me in a soil composed
of burnt earth, bog peat (a little mixed with the
earth when the peat is dried to a mealy consistence),
and plenty of flakes from basaltic rock — whinstonc.
This is the way, in our moist winters, to counteract
the mischief caused by vapours and unseasonable
warmth. I have, like many more, overfed alpines,
obtaining thereby flabby growth ; but the pride of
growth and of possession in the autumn months has
to fall before the easterly blast, the fitful sunshine,
and the frost without snow in the later period of
winter, if. C. Applelon, The Bar House, Beverley,
July 11.

HYBRID MIMULUS. — I send you two or three
specimens of hybrid jNIimuli : 1st, cross with Snap-
dragon (Antirrhinum), only two blooms in flower
to-day. I showed Mr. Dyer fifty a week or two
ago ; many have the exact bloom of Snapdragon, but
the plant of Mimulus. 2nd, cross with Pentstemon ;
these are very large and wide mouthed. 3rd, cross
with Diplacus. 4th, cross with Mimulus cashmiriana.
The blooms are now very poor, as a great drought
still continues here. Mimulus has been the seed
bearer. Those crossed with Snapdragon have nearly
closed mouths, but those with Pentstemon have a close
resemblance to Gloxinias ; several of these are
enclosed. E. J. Lowe. [We should be glad to see
further specimens, carefully packed, dried or other-
wise preserved. The specimens were hardly recog-
nisable when we examined them, but such as we
could see seemed to be Mimulus pure and simple. Ed.]

DISA GRANDIFLORA AT CHATSWORTH. — Our

Disa graudiflora is especially fine this year. They
are now a splendid show, one spike having above
eleven flowers on. I should be glad to know whether
this number has been reached before. Ten is the
most we have had until this year. Oiccti Tlioniai
Chatsworth.

THE EARLIEST SCARLET BIZARRE CARNATION.
— Recent articles in the Gardeners' Chroni^jle on the
contents of the Botanical Magazine did not take
account of a remarkably fine Carnation, of which a
well-coloured plate (fig. 39) is given in the second
volume. The late Mr. Curtis rather went out of his
way to publish a " florist's flower." It was named
Tartar, and was raised by a Mr, Franklin, of Lambeth
Marsh. It is stated that this variety " was not
figured as the most perfect flower of the kind, either
in form or size, but as being a very fine specimen of
the sort." If such flowers in the other classes were
as good as this one, it is certain we would find it
most difficult to beat them by the best in cultivation
at the present time. The cultural remarks might be
read with advantage by modern cultivators. It is
stated that the Carnation was " found to succeed
better when planted in a pot than in the open
border." The plate is signed " Syd. Edwards."
J. Douglas.

GLOIRE OE DIJON ROSE.— At Braeton Cottage,
Inverkip, the residence of the Rev. V. R. Linton, an
example of this Rose was carrying the large number
of 300 full blooms on June 29 last. It was raised
from a cutting in the autumn of 1872, and grows
upon a wall facing S.S.W. ; in open seasons the
plant has had good blooms upon it on Christmas Day.
In one year, 1880, it produced upwards of 1500
flowers. It has never had any protection during the
winter, but, has a top-dressing of maniu'e which is
renewed each February and November, and occa-
sionally made up during the summer, if required. It
is never pruned earlier than the middle of March, and
this year, during the hot dry weather while the buds
were swelling, and the tree was in flower, it had
fifteen gallons of tepid water every alternate evening.
It grows in a semicircular hole, diameter 4 feet
9 inches, dug out of the hard carriiige drive, and filled
originally with a mixture of loam, leaf-mould, and
manure.

LILIUM POLYPHYLLUM.— Lilium polyphyllum is
not often seen blooming in English gardens ; 1
believe that it is usually considered to require damji
treatment. I have a pLant now in flower at 0.ak-
wood, Wisley. which appears to show this to be a
mistake. I planted it in 1881 in a rather dry loam

Jdlt 30, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHIRONIGLE.

139

^

the latter being the seed-parent. The, fruits are lilie
those of British Queen in shape, but liave the fruit-
stalks of President. In the forcing-house, as in
the open ground, it appears to be all that can be
desired, and if sufficiently distinct will become a
standard variety, li. D.

CEREUS GRANDIFLORUS. — This and other
varieties of these beautiful nig;ht-blooming Cactuses
have been flowering in Mr. Loder's garden for some
few weeks past. The tirst bloom opened on May 27,
and we have had on several occasions from six to
thirteen flowers open at once, and on Thursday, the
14th inst., we had what I term a feast of Cactus
flowers, liaving no less than twenty-one of C. grandi-

tnound ; the stem measured 5 feet 6 inclies high,
has thirteen flowers and buds. It carried itself well,
but fearing the effect of thunder-rain I thought a
stake desirable ; the earth was so hard and dry that
it was necessary to make a hole with a digger before
we could force the stake down. The Lily is very
gi-aceful and pretty, though not showy. If any of
your readers have seen it flowering in India, any
hints as to its growth at home would be very useful.
George F. Wilson, Hcatherhank, Wcybrklgc Heath,
Jtilij 19.

NEW STRAWBERRY VICTORY. — Plants of this
variety were shown by Mr. John House, of Peter-
fcorough, at the Crystal Palace Rose show, but as

Fig. 35. — eockwobk at laukiston. (!>ee p. 13S.)

the sprays of fruit had been lying upon damp moss
tluring the journey to London the flavour had all gone
out of them; but there was evidence that it is a very
free-bearing variety, producing good crops of fine
fruit of average size. When passing through Peter-
borough a few days ago I called at the Eastgate
Nurseries, and saw a line of plants of the Strawberry
in pots on a shelf in a house. It was so free that I
could count as many as seventeen or eighteen fruits
on a spray, and from eight to ten were of large size,
handsome, fully ripe, well coloured, and fit to gather.
I tasted it, and thought the flavour very fine. Tliat
it is an excellent forcer there can be no doubt, and
when I saw it in the open ground it appeared to be
among the first early varieties. Now Mr. House
-claims for the Strawberry that it is the result of a
■distinct cross between President and British Queen,

floras. Such a number coming under the eye at one
time was a beautiful sight, and their powerful per-
fume pervaded the whole garden. The flowers varied
in size from 11 inches to 14 inches in diameter, the
largest flower being just over 1.5 inches. G. Gold-
smith, Tic Gardens, Floore House, Weeden.

THE COMMITTEES AT CHISWICK.— On Thurs-
dav, .July 14, members of both the Fruit and
Floral Committees of the Eoyal Horticultui-al Society
were present at Chiswick, having been summoned
to examine certain subjects tlien growing in the
gardens, and in that way performing most meri-
torious work. May I assume that Jlr. Barron, in
calling the committees on the same day that the
Chiswick flower show was held, wished to have the
members as witnesses that there was ample room for

the holding of attractive and considerable shows at
Chiswick, as the gathering of exhibits tliat day
demonstrated ? But it was evident that the mem-
bers of the committees were exceedingly pleased to
find the show there, and inspected it with pleasure.
Obviously it is certain that, with the present South
Kensington displays taken to Chiswick, with the meet-
ings of the committees also, the gatherings at the
latter place would prove all round all the more
pleasant and enjoyable. But there is this recom-
mendation to be added, and it is this — that called to
Chiswick in the mornings in considerable numbers
for the discharge of their ordinary duties, the mem-
bers would, in larger numbers than now, be enabled to
perfomi their present Chiswick duties in the after-
noons, thus occupying one day only instead of two.
Still further, the actual work of the committees at
Chiswick would be far more regularly attended to,
and more efficiently performed. The diflficulty need
only to be faced fairly to be surmounted, A, 1),

PHILOSOPHY OF WATERING PLANTS.— The two
]irevious articles that appeared in your paper for the
'Jth and lOth inst., on this important subject seem, as
fai' as my ideas lead me, rather vague. No doubt we
shall see more about the subject in your subsequent
issues, by competent and eminent men. "J. J. W.,"
with his science and his logic, would have it that it
is an impossibility for plants to live, much less
make jjrogress, under evening watering. I cannot but
admit that it greatly checks the plants at thee.xpense
of their gi'owth, at the same time I have found from
practical experience that it does not make one iota
of difl!'erence with indoor plants whether you water in
the evening or morning, or whether you apply the
water cold or tepid for their success. 1 have a small
Cucumber-house, 8 by 16 feet, which has produced
from six plants since March, 500 Cucumbers ; the
plants have been syringed morning and afternoon
with cold water. Proliflcacy could not have been
greater if syringed with tepid water, and their
healthiness at present is shown by the quantity of
Cucumbers they are showing, strong, healtliy and
robust foliage, free from insects and disease. As to
the remarks of " J. Ewing," we flnd, according to the
Editor, that they are based'on a false foundation, viz.,
" that of plants gi'owing in the daytime or during sun-
light and not at night." No doubt some other writer
will place " J. E." in the right channel, or explain
to him the laws of Nature, how one acts with
another. It will greatly beneflt and interest all
readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle if the subject be
thoroughly discussed by our scientfic and practical
men. S. Heaton, The Gardens, Vilworth House, Lony-
lidi/e, Preston.

Societies.

BOYAL HORTICULTURAL.

JuLV 2l!. — This meeting of the Society was ren-
dered additionally attractive by reason of the
pretty display of tlie Carnation and Picotee So-
ciety. These fragrant flowers, although in better
form than some persons had expected, were a little
ileflcient in size, but that was all the falling off that
the ordinary observer might detect, and for this we
must blame the great heat of the weather, for in all
other respects Carnations, as grown for show, are
independent of weather influences. The Kew con-
tribution of rarely seen species was a treat for the
lover of plants, and contained some real gems in the
hybrids of Streptocarpus shown, and a few other
things that find mention further on in our report.

Floral Committee.

Present: G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S., in the chair:
and Messrs. G. Duffield, H. Bennett, H. Herbst, J.
Walker, W. Goldring, C. Noble, C. Pilcher, J.
Dominy, H. Ballantyne, H. M. Pollett. T. Baines,
A. F. Lendy, J. O'Brien, E. Hill, G. Paul, J. Hudson,
.T. Fraser, K. Dean, M. T. Masters, A. Perry,
.J. Douglas, and S. Hibberd.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, N.,
showed a collection of hardy herbaceous plants, in
which Pentstemons, Phloxes, and Sweet Peas were
plentiful ; others were Epilobium angustifolium
album, pretty white form; Gypsophilla paniculata,
useful for bouquet work ; and Statice speciosa which
may also be employed in the same way ; Lythrum
roseum superbura gives a fine effect with its very rich
colour. (Bronze Banksian Medal.)

From Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tot-

140

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

[July 30, 1887.

tcnham, there was a collection of hardy annuals,
among which Papavers were the most prominent.
The Shirley Poppy was very gay with its delicate
rose tints ; Black Knight, a double one, is very deep
toned, black-purple, curious if not pretty. Malopes
were shown ; M. grandiflora is one of the best, and
always worth cultivating on account of its large,
rich, magenta flowers, whicli are very showy. Mr.
Ware also contributed a collection of Liliums ;
L. chalcedonicum, arranged with sprays of Gypso-
phila paniculata, was very pretty, the latter giving a
grace and aii-iness to the heavier flowers of the
former. Border Carnations, cut from the open,
were also well represented by Mr. Ware, fonuing a
feature in his display, a good one being Alice Ayres,
a fine border sort, being very free in producing
flowers, which are white, with a few narrow crimson
markings, which are plentiful towards the centre
of the flower. Amongst other plants may be named
Scabiosa caucasica, much like the common Scabious,
J)ut with larger flowers, with very prominent rays ;
Gaillardias, Iris Kivmpferi in viiriety, &c., were also
shown. For these varied exhibits Sir. Ware was
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal.

Double tuberous Begonias were staged by Messrs.
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, several fine
plants being exhibited ; all the flowers were of
great size and good substance, the plants dwarf and
A'igorous ; good colours were ]>lentiful, and we select
the best examples : — Shirley Ilibberd, pale cream very
slightly suft'used with rose, flower rather flat in form,
large ; Major Lendy, dull cherry colour, almost sphe-
Tical form, large ; J. Douglas, much like Major Lendy,
only of a darker hue, and more brilliant, large ; B.
Wynne, cinnamon or buff, globular form, and medium
size ; Edelweiss, pure white, good form, medium size.
Several seedlings, which were unnamed, also had
attractive characters, but we are unable to enumerate
them.

Mr. .T.BIundell,The Nurseries, WestDulwich, S.W.,
showed a fine lot of cut blooms of double Hollyhocks,
exhibiting flowers of good colour and of medium size.
The following were good varieties : — Princess of
Wales, flesh colour ; Princess Beatrice, rich chrome ;
A. F. BaiTon, deep crimson ; Mrs. Shannan, cinna-
anon — a handsome flower of great merit; Her
Majesty, resembling in colour the Kose of that name ;
Baroness Rothschild, pale flesh, very delicate, also
somewhat like the Rose. Hollyhocks are worth
growing more generally than at present ; good effects
ai-e to be obtained by the emidoyment of them as a
^background to smaller growing plants. Hollyhocks
were also shown by Mr. F. T. Smith, The Nurseries,
AVest Dulwich ; the flowers were rather small, but
some good colours were present.

From the treasures of Kew Gardens there was sent
& small collection of plants in pots. Mesembryanthe-
mums flowered out-of-doors comprised : — M. niicans,
a rosy purple flower, with linear foliage ; M. falci-
forme, light rose, with thick, short, elub-like foliage ;
M. Cooperi, a creeping kind — thick fleshy leaves,
1.^ inch long, and rosy-pink blooms ; M. Polyanthon,
similar in most particulars to M. micans, lilac-purple ;
^I. intonsum, also similar to that kind, crimson flowers
All of these, with the exception of Cooperi, are, in old
age, of shrubby habit, with wiry stems and branches,
and are valuable for rooms or diy greenhouses.
Although once rather common in gardens, the plants
are seldom met with now. Statice Bonduelli, a yellow-
flowered hardy annual, from Algiers. Several species
of Ferns suitable for greenhouse culture were sho\vn,
viz., Adiantum reniforme var. asarifolium, Gymno-
gramma vestita, Asplcniuni macrocarpum Goringia-
num, Lomariafluviatilis, Neplirodium pulvinuliferum,
■and Diacalpa aspidioides — all of them species with
distinct characteristics, and well worthy of being
added to collections. Tlie tenestiial Orchid, Phaius
bicolorus (Ceylon), a tall-growing species, with a
flower-stalk nearly 3 feet high, flowers greenish-
yellow, and pale rose colour at the mragin of the
throat; and the singular-looking Anguloa Ruckeri
sanguinea. The hybrids of Streptocarpus (see
p. 1.37), which were very fine, were of great in-
terest— S. Watsonix and' S. KewensisX being the
names given to two at the committee ; the former is
crimson, with the slightest touch of violet, and bears
rsmall flowers; the latter pale lilac-mauve, with large
flowers. Adenocalymna nitidum, a stove climber
'from Brazil, was represented by cut specimens ; the
flowers are rich yellow, and somewhat like an AUa-
■manda, and, flowering on lateral racemes : it would
certainly be a most decorative and showy plant in a
stove.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Son, Chelsea, had an inter-
esting feature of the show in the new hybrid Phala;-
jiopsis, P. HarrietaX, which justly received a First-

class Certificate from the handsofthe committee. The
segments are greenish-white, with violet towards the
base ; labellum' violet : it is very pretty. For a full
description and illustration of this hybrid we refer
our readers to our issue of July 2. 1887, p. 0. The
firm also showed several Rhodendron hybrids, one,
Jasminiflorum carniinatum, rich crimson-scarlet
was very attractive. The others showed great range
of colour. Begonia Bismarcki, a large rosy-red
flowered sort, was also sent.

Mr. Simpkins gardener to R. J. Measures, Esq.,
Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell, sent cut blooms of
Vauda tricolor Cattleya Acklandiaj, C. Schilleriana —
very good forms. Also a plant of Cypripedium
.Tavanico superbiens ; a cross between Croton
javanicum and C. superbiens, having the habit of the
latter, and colour of former, but with some brown,
especially on the lip.

Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, Chester, showed
cut blooms of a Carnation, a sort of red-cinnamon,
or pale terra-cotta, called " Gravetye Gem." The
colour is very distinct and attractive. (This Carna-
tion was, as we are informed, certificated at Man-
cliester as Mrs. Hole on Friday last.)

Mr. F. .Sander, St. Albans, showed two plants of
the new Odontoglossum Harryauum, of which a full
description is to be seen in our columns for .July, 23,
p. 98, and of which an illustration will shortly appear.
Tlie lip is very long and broad, divided transversely at
tlie middle, the upper part purple-brown colour, with
a yellow crest, lower white ; tepals brown, with a few
green marks : the appearance of the flower is much
like Zygopetalum Mackayi.

Mr. Norman. Hatfleld House, Herts, showed Sac-
colabium Blumei with four long flowered spikes.
Messrs. Page & Son, Teddington, had Miltonia vexil-
laria, and the Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain, Ashford, Kent,
showed a cut bloom of Amaryllis Bayard from a
plant which had been in the open for the last eight
years. It was a good coloured flower, the petals
large and of good substance. Lilium Hansoni, a
small flowered sort with a peculiar scent, came from
Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High Holborn, London.

Messrs. Hooper & Co., Limited, Covent Garden,
staged a collection of cut blooms of their strain of
Gloxinias, very fine blooms, very bright in colour,
fully sustaining the reputation of this firm for these
plants.

A variety of Matricaria inodora fl.-pl., called
Snowfiake, a pure white with large petals, but devoid
of substance, came from Mr. Robertson Muuro,
Abercorn Nurseries, Edinburgh, N.B. ; it is a pretty
thing, but rather straggly.

Dr. Masters showed a branch of Acer Volxemii,
which he strongly recommended as an avenue tree
on account of its rapid growth and symmetrical
habit. A vote of thanks was awarded.

FinsT-cLAss Certificates.

Carnation Alice Avres (as a border plant), from
Jlr. T. S. Ware. " [& Sons.

Phaloenopsis Harrieta; X, from Messrs. J. Veitch

Odontoglossum Harryanum, from Messrs. F.
Sander & Co.

Carnation Gravetye Gem, from Messrs J. Dickson
& Sons. ;[& Sons.

Begonia Shirley Ilibberd, from Messrs. H. Cannell

Begonia Major Lendy, from Messrs. H. Cannell &
Sons.

Begonia Edelweiss, from Messrs. H. Cannell &
Sons.

Streptocarpus Watsdni X, from the Royal Gar-
dens, Kew.

Streptocarpus Kewensis X , from tlie Royal Gar-
dens. Kew.

Fruit Committee.

Present: T. F. Rivers, Esq., in the chair; and
Messrs. W. Warren, H. Veitcli, J. Willard, G. Nor-
man, T. B. Heywood, T. J. Saltmarsh, J. Wood-
liridge, R. Hogg. R. D. Blackmore, Joseph Fitt.

The Royal Horticultural Society's gardens at
Chiswick contributed a Black Currant with brown
I'ruit ; Currant Gloire de Sablons, a light pink fruit,
bunch of fair size ; and Gooseberry Rosebery, a
smooth, good flavoured round green sort.

Jlessrs. J. Carter & Co. exhibited a fine-looking
smooth red Tomato from the Sandwich Islands, and
some good examples of T. Blenheim Orange.

Fifty dishes of Gooseberries were shown by Messrs.
Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, most of wliich
showed signs of having ripened prematurely, huge
Lancashire show kinds being less than half their
ordinary size.

Some few dishes of excellent fruits of ^'caches

and Nectarines came from Messrs. T. F. Rivers &
Son, Sawbridgeworth, including Peach Princess of
Wales — enormous examples ; the useful P. Sea
Eagle, P. Exquisite, a fruit with a beautiful exterior
— a freestone — which ripens on walls in the middle
of September ; P. Lord Palmerston, also very fine
examples. The Nectarine Peach was well shown, as
was Nectarine Victoria, which was beautifully
coloured. Mr. Norman, The Gardens; Hatfield House,
showed Royal George Peach and Elruge Nectarine,
the last-named being especially fine in size and
colour. Several dishes of Cherries came from the
Langley Nurseries of Messrs. J. Veitch & .Son.
Mammoth is a big pink and yellow fruit ; Impera-
trice Eugenie, a crimson fruit ; Cleveland Bigarreau,
Elton, and Governor Wood. An alpine Strawberrj',
Quatre Saisons Raspberry, and two summer Pears,
completed this exhibit.

Competing Classes. — These were confined to prizes
offered by nurserymen for produce grown from their
seeds — llessrs. J. Carter & Co., offering prizes for
Cabbages, Carters' All Heart, and Bean Carters'
Leviathan Long-pod, which brought^forth excellent
samples, ilr. W. H. Marriott, sen., Boston, Lin-
colnshire, took 1st for Cabbages, showing well grown
specimens, of good size ; 2nd, Mr. C. J. Waite, Glen-
hurst Gardens, Esher ; 3rd, Mr. T. A. Beckett, Cole
Hatch Farm, Penn. Mr. Waite was 1st for the
Beans, having well filled large pods ; 2nd, Mr.
Beckett ; 3rd, Mr. A. Timms, Amersham. The com-
petition here was good. Messrs. Sutton & Sons,
Reading, off'ered prizes for the best dishes of their
Peas Duke of Albany, Satisfaction, and Royal Jubi-
lee. 5Ir. H. Marriott, sen., again led with very
good samples, and was closely followed by Mr. E. S.
Wiles, Edgcote Gardens, Banbury ; 3rd, Mr. Mar-
riott, jun. ; and 4th, Mr. Waite wlio occupied the
1st place with Sutton's Broad Bean Mammoth, a
large clean pod, 7 inches long ; Mr. Beckett 2nd ; and
3rd, Mr. A. J. Saunder, Bookham Lodge Gardens,
Cobham. The prize for Cabbages (All Heart) offered
by the same firm : Mr. P., Cornish, The Shrubbeiy
Gardens, Esher, was placed 1st, with fair samples ; Mr.
Beckett and Mr. Waite 2nd and 3rd. Mr. Marriott, sen.,
was to the front in both classes for Messrs. Webb &
Sons' produce, sliowing Webb's Emperor Cabbage
and Chancellor Pea — very good in both cases ; 2nd,
for Cabbages, Mr. Wiles ; for Peas the 2nd and 3rd
were Mr. Marriott, jun., and Mr. E. Burden, Bir-
mingham.

National Carnation and Picotee Society.
(Southern Section.)

The annual exhibition of tliis Society took place
in the Conservatory at South Kensington on Tuesday
last, in connection with the meeting of the Royal
Horticultural Society. Opinions apjieared to differ
as to the extent of the show and quality of the
flowers ; but having regard to the dry and hot
character of the summer, the exhibition was de-
cidedly satisfactory. There were some fine blooms,
and there were many thin and undersized ; some
lacked the purity requisite in high-class blooms, but
the average was quite as good as could have betn
expected. There was a goodly number ."^f exhibitors,
and the interest in the Carnation and Picotee shows
signs of growth rather thau abatement.

Canmlioiif. — The leading class was for twenty-four
blooms — not less than twelve dissimilar varieties,
five prizes being offered, and there were that number
of competitors : Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery,
Slough, took the 1st prize with blooms generally of
high quality, having of scarlet bizarres : Robert
Lord, Mars. George and James Mcintosh. Crimson
bizarres : H. K. Mayor and Captain Preston. Pink
and purple bizarres : James Taylor, Squire Llewellyn,
Sarah PajTie, and William Skirving. Purple flakes :
Sporting Lass. Scarlet flakes : Outsider, jolm Ball,
and Matador. Rose flakes ; Jessica, John Keet, and
Mrs. Bridgewater. 2nd, Mr. James Douglas, gr. to T.
Whitbourne, Esq., Great Gcaries, Ilford, with large full
flowers, but lacking purity in some instances. There
were also five stands of twelve dissimilar blooms, Mr. J.
Douglas being a good 1st with S.B. Robert Lord and
seedlings, C.B. Mrs. Gorton and seedling; P.P.B.
seedling. P.F. James Douglas and Squire Whit-
bourne, S.F. Alisemond (Douglas), a fine full flower,
and seealing ; R.F. Thalia and Rob Roy. 2nd, Mr.
Joseph Lakin, Temple Cowley, near Oxford, with
S.B. Admiral . Curzon ; C.B. Master Fred and
J.S. Hedderley, P.P.B. William Skirving, Sarah
Payne, and William Bacon; P.F. Florence Night-
ingale and Sarah Payne. S.F. Tom Lord and
Robert Cannell, R.F. Bob Roy and Jlrs. May.

July 30, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

141

In the class for six dissimilar blooms there
were ten competitors, and here Mr. M. Kowan.
36, Manor Street, Clapham, was placed 1st, with
capital blooms of S.B. Admiral Ciirzon, C.B. J. S.
Hadderley, P.P.B. Madame Gvles, P.S. George Mel-
ville, S.F". Matador, and R.F. Kob Rov. 2nd, Mr. T.
Anstiss, Brill, Bucks, with S.B. Kobert Lord, C.B.
William Bacon, P.P.B. seedling, P.F. James Doug-
las, S.F. Clipper, K.F. Jessica; 3rd, Mr, C.
A considerable quantity of blooms were staged in the
classes for single flowers. In the case of the scarlet
bizarres Mr. C. Turner was 1st, with a fine bloom of
Robert Lord ; Jlr. M, Rowan being 2nd, with Ad-
miral Curzon. In the class for crimson bizarres
Mr. J. Lakin was 1st, with Mrs. Lakin, and 2nd
with Master Fred. The best pink and purple
bizaiTe was Sarah Payne, an old variety of some
forty years' standing, sho^vn by Mr. C. Turner, and
he was 2nd with William Skirving. In the class
for purple flakes Mr. Lakin was 1st, with James
Douglas ; Mr. Douglas being 2nd. Scarlet flakes :
1st, Mr. C, Turner, with John Bull. In the class
for rose flakes Mr. J. Douglas was 1st and 2nd, with
Thalia. The premier Carnation was S. F. Alise-
mond, one of Mr. Douglas' seedlings, shown by Mr.
T. E. Henwood, Reading.

Picotccs. — In the class for twenty-four blooms, not
less than twelve being dissimilar varieties, Mr. C.
Turner was 1st with an excellent lot of flowers,
mainly of fine quality, having of heavy rose edges ;
Dr. Abercorabie, J. B. Bryant, John Smith, and
Princess of Wales. Light red edges : Lord 'Valentia,
Mrs. Gorton, and William Summers. Heavy purple
edges ; Mrs. A. Chancellor and Zerlina. Light
purple edges : Jessie, Juliette, and Baroness Burdett-
Coutts. Light rose edges : Orlando, Favourite, and
Lucy, in very fine character. Heavy rose edges :
Mr. PajTie. 2nd, Mr. J. Douglas, with heavy red
edges : Brunette, Princess of Wales, and seedlings.
Light red edges : Dr. Horner. Heavy purple edges :
Muriel, Mrs. A. Chancellor, and seedling. Heavy
rose edges : Mrs. Sharpe, Constance Heron, and
Seedling. Light rose edges : Favourite (Lidding-
ton) and seedlings. There were six stands of twelve
dissimilar blooms, and here Mr. J. Douglas was 1st,
with heavy red edges : Brunette and seedlings.
Light red edges : Mrs. Gorton and Thomas William.
Heavy purple edges ; seedlings. Light purple edges :
Her Majesty and seedlings. Heavy rose edges : Con-
stance Heron and Jlrs. Sharpe. Light rose edge :
Favourite. 2nd, Jlr. M. Rowan with heavy red edge
John Smith. Light red edge : Thomas AVilliam.
Heavy purple edge : Mrs. A. Chancellor. Light
purple edges : Jessie and Clara Penson. Heavy rose
edges : Nellie, Constance Heron, Mrs. Payne and
Purity. Light rose edges : Favourite and Miss Lee.
There were ten competitors in the class for six
blooms, Mr. Huson Morris being 1st with heavy red
edge Princess of Wales, light red edge Lucy, light
purple edges Clara Penson and Nymjih, heavy rose
edge Constance Heron, light ro.-^e < ■! .' Favourite.
2nd, Mr. P. Anstiss with heavy red edge Morna,
heavy purple edge Imogen (Dodwell), light purple
edge Laura, heavy rose edges Constance Heron and
Marie Elton, light rose edge Favourite.

As is usual, a large number of blooms were exhi-
bited as single specimens. The best heavy red edge
was Brunette, shown by Mr. J. Douglas ; Mr. C.
Turner being 2nd, with .J. B. Briaut. Light red
edge ; 1st, Mr. C. Turner, with Thomas Williams,
and 2nd, with Mrs. Gorton. Heavy purple edge :
1st, Mr. J. Douglas, with a seedling ; Sth, Mr.
Rowan, with Alliance. Light purple edge : 1st, Mr.
W. H. Headland, with Pride of Leyton ; 2nd, Mr. C.
Turner, with Baroness Burdett Coutts. Heavy rose
edge : 1st, Mr. Rowan, with Edith d'Ombrain.
Light rose edge : 1st and 2nd, Mr. J. Douglas, with
Favourite. Yellow grounds : 1st and 2nd, Mr. J.
Douglas, with Agnes Chambers. The premier
Picotee was Favourite (Liddington), light rose
edge, shown by Mr. J. Douglas.

Fancies, Self, and Yellow Grounds. — In the classes
set apart for these some very fine and attractive
flowers were staged, and there were five stands of
twenty-four blooms. Mr. C. Turner was placed 1st
with a fine lot, having of self flowers, of crimson and
scarlet shades, Arthur Medhurst and Scarlet Gem ;
and of those of a crimson ground flaked with maroon,
Robei-t Lord, Guardsman, and George, being what
are known as " run " flowers. Purple self; Purple
Emperor, very fine. Rose and pink selfs : Jessica,
Mrs. Champneys, and Rosa Bonheur. White selfs:
Ladv Rose Molyneux, The Governor, and The Bride.
Yellow : Will Threlfall, Rose Celestial, and Florence.
Yellow grotmds : Janira and Thomas Page, and a
run flower of Squire Llewelyn, pink, flaked with

purple. 2nd, Mr. .1. Douglas, with Florence, yellow ;
Rob Roy, pink ; James Douglas, purple ; Henry
Cannell, crimson — all run flowers ; and some fine
yellow grounds. In the class for twelve blooms Mr.
J. Lakin was 1st, with a very fine lot, having Ella
Morris, crimson, flaked with maroon — very fine ;
Sparkler, scarlet ; a very fine seedling purple self;
Alice Ann Mary, rose ; ilarchioness, rose, flaked
with purple ; Pride of Penshurst and JIar&hal Niel,
yellow ; Duke of Teck and Sir F. Roberts, yellow,
edged with red ; and white. Ella Morris. 2nd, Mr.
M. Rowan, with a fine seedling crimson self: Florence
Nightingale, purple ; Belle Halliday, and Stanstead
Beauty, yellow ; Mrs. Page, blush ; Maud, pale rose ;
Celia, pink ; and Cardinal, scarlet. As many as twelve
stands of six varieties were staged. In the class for
twelve blooms ofyellowground Picotees. Mr. .1. Doug-
las was 1st, with some fine flowers, including Almira,
Annie Douglas, Ne Plus Ultra, Agnes Chambers,
Janira, Jaune, and seedlings ; 2ud, Mr. C. Turner,
with Prince of Orange, Thomas Page, Janira, Mrs.
Cannell, Mrs. Coleman, and seedlings.

Plants in Pots. — Mr. J. Douglas and Mr. C. Turner
were the only exhibitors of these, and the prizes were
awarded in the order of their names, though Mr.
Turner had the best grown plants, and the finest
quality of bloom. Mr. Turner had yellow Picotees,
Edith, Colonial Beauty, Agnes Chambers, and
Almira, and seedling Carnations and Picotees. Mr.
C. Turner had Carnations, crimson bizan-e. Rifleman
and H. K. Mayor ; rose flake, Jupiter ; red edge
Picotees, Dr. Epps and Mrs. Norman ; rose edge
Picotees, Constance Heron, Favourite, and Mrs.
Payne ; and yellow self. Will Threlfall.

Seedliiiifs. — Two seedling Picotees were selected
for awards in the seedling classes, Mr. H. W. Head-
land being 1st, with L.P.E,, Pride of Leyton, in the
way of Her Majesty, but with a better-shaped petal,
also awarded a First-class Certiflcate of Merit ;
Mr. J. Douglas being 2nd, with L.P.E., seedling.
First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded to Mr,
C. Turner for seedling Clove, Purple Emperor,
bright purple — large, full, and of fine shape; and
Will Threlfall, clear pale yellow self — large, full,
and a great acquisition. Mr. Ernest Benary, Erfurt,
Germany, sent three blooms of a fine golden self,
named Ernest Benary, that had unfortunately
become damaged in the course of transit ; it was
highly recommended as being full of good promise.

Miscellaneous Ej-fiibifs. — Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons sent six boxes of Carnations, Picotees, and
fancies — a very good lot indeed. Messrs. R. Veitch
& Sons, nurserymen, Exeter, sent blooms of fancy
Carnations and Picotees ; and Mr. Douglas, The
Gardens, Great Gearies, set up three vases, mainly of
yellow Picotees, in a very tasteful manner, which
were greatly admired.

GRAND EXHIBITION OP ROSES AT
MANCHESTER.

Mr. Bruce Findlav must be congratulated upon
the extensive and attractive exhibition of Roses
brought together in the Exhibition Palace at Man-
chester on the 22nd inst. Considering the weather,
the prolonged drought that had prevailed, the wonder
was that so many excellent flowers came together.
But it was a great occasion for the Northern growers,
amateur and professional, and they had it pretty
much their own way. The trade growers of the
South — Pauls. Turner, the Cants, &c., were con-
spicuous by their absence. The Rev. J. H. Pem-
berton, of Romford, was there, so were Mr. S. P.
Budd, and Messrs. G. Cooling & Son, of Bath, while
Mr. John Cranston came from Hereford. Messrs.
Cocker & Son, of Aberdeen ; Messrs. Mack & Son,
and Harkness & Sons, of Yorkshire; Mr. T. B.Hall,
of Rock Ferry, and Mr. W. J. Grant, of Ledbury,
were the leading prize winners. The boxes of Roses
were arranged on tables set up along the centre of
the noble nave forming the new glass-covered
annexe, and visitors entering from the Stret-
ford Road at Old Traff'ord, passed into the
show at once. A finer place for a Rose show can
hardly be imagined, and from the time the public
were admitted to see the Roses up to the close of the
exhibition any .approach to the flowers was almost
impossible, for the spectators were seven and eight
deep. Along the centre of the tables was placed a
fine lot of Palms, Crotons, &c., furnished by the
Liverpool Horticultural Company, which greatly
heightened the general efl^ect. It was computed that,
although it was a half-crown day, the Rose show
attracted some 6000 or 7000 additional visitors.

Nurseryman's Division. — In the class for seventy-

two distinct Roses, single blooms, there were two
competitors, Messrs. James Cocker & Son, Sunny
Park Nurseries, Aberdeen, being placed 1st with
bright and fresh flowers of excellent bloom, seen
in IVIerveille de Lyon, Victor Hugo, Prince Camille
de Rohan, J. S. Mill, Innocenta Pirola, Antoine
Ducher, Mrs. Baker, Souvenir de Victor Hugo,
Madame Bravy, A. K. Williams, Anna Olivier,
Rubens, Elie Morel, Charles Lefebvre, Violette
Brouyere, Etienne Levet, Sunset, Ulrich Brunner,
Marie Baumann, B. Y. Teas, and Souvenir d'Elise
Vardon. 2nd, Messrs. Harkness & Son, nurserymen,
Bedale, whose best blooms were Duke of Edinburgh,
Antoine Ducher, Her Majesty, Harrison Weir, Jean
Sary, E. Y. Teas, May Quennell, Marie Rady, Dr.
Sewell. Beauty of Waltham, A. K. Williams,
Rosieriste Jacobs, Horace Vernet, Fisher Holmes,
Dupuy Jamain, Alfred Colomb, Due de Rohan, Marie
Baumann, Avocat Diivivier, Madame Victor Verdier,
&c. The class for forty-eight varieties, three
trusses of each, brought no competition, the largest
growers finding it very difficult to get three good
flowers each of so many varieties. In that for
forty-eight single blooms, distinct, there were
eight competitors. Messrs. J. Cocker & Son being
again 1st, with fresh blooms of Ulrich Brunner,
Merveille de Lyon, Annie Laxton, Comtesse de
Sereneye, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Alfred Colomb, Madame
Cusin, Senateur Vaisse, Duke of Edinburgh, Duke
of Albany, Marie Finger, Horace Vernet, Marie
Rady, Souvenir de Gabriclle Drevet, Etienne Levet,
Madams C. Crapelet, Catherine Mermet, &c. ; 2nd,
Messrs. R. Mack & Sons, nurserymen, Catterick
Bridge, with Duchess of Bedford, Horace Vernet,
Due de Rohan, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Baron Hausmann,
J. S. Mill, Jean Chopin, Dr. Andry, Harrison Weir,
Countess of Rosebery, and Sir Rowland Hill — the
fine, distinct, and new ruby-purple H.P. mentioned
on p. 110.

In the class for twenty-four varieties, single
trusses, there were also eight competitors, and here
Messrs. R. Mack & Sons were 1st with Pierre Net-
ting, Madame de Luizet, Sir R. Hill, La France,
Duchess of Bedford, Charles Lefebvre, Marie Bau-
mann, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Due de Rohan ; 2nd,
Messrs. J. Cranston & Co., with Earl of Pembroke,
Prince Arthur, Alfred Colomb, Senateur Vaisse,
A. K. Williams, Marie Baumann. In the class for
twenty-four varieties, three trusses of each, Messrs.
J. Cocker & Son were again 1st with Her Majesty,
Alfred Colomb, Marie Baumann, Comtesse d'Ox-
ford, Merveille de Lyon. Etienne Levet, Madame
Gabriel Luizet; 2nd, Messrs. G. Cooling & Son,
with M. P. Wilder, Charles Danvin, Camille Ber-
nardin. Baron Gonella, Lady Sheflield, Antoine
Ducher, Alfred Colomb. There were four com-
petitors in the class for three bouquets of Roses,
Messrs. Perkins & Sons, nurserymen, Coventry, being
well 1st.

Amateurs' Division. — That the amateurs were well
represented is shown from the fact that there were
six competitors in the class for forty-eight blooms,
distinct single blooms ; and here Mr. T. B. Hall,
Rock Ferry, Birkenhead, was a good 1st, with nice
clean, fresh blooms of Duke of Edinburgh, Sir G.
AVolseley, and Alfred Colomb; 2nd, the Rev. J. H.
Pemberton, Havering-atte-Bower, Romford, who had
bright and fresh but less even blooms of Devienne
Lamy, Exposition de Brie, Miss Edith Giflfard,
Alfred Colomb, Marie Baumann, Reine Marie
Henrietta, Comtesse d'Oxford, Marie Rady, Jean
Ducher. There was but one exhibitor in the class
for twenty-four varieties, three blooms of each, Mr.
S. P. Budd being 1st; unfortunately this class was
overlooked in making up our re])ort. In that for
twelve blooms, single trusses, Mr. T. B. Hall was
again placed 1st out of seven competitors, having good
blooms of Alfred Colomb, Captain Christy, Louis
van Houtte, Camille Bernardin, and Dupuy Jamain ;
2nd, Mr. A. J. Grant, with Alfred Colomb, Horace
Vernet, Marie Verdier. In the class for twelve
varieties, three trusses of each, the Rev. J. H.
Pemberton was 1st with Niphetos, Alfred Colomb,
Harrison Weir, Innocenta Pirola, and Horace
Vernet.

In the class for three bouquets of Roses Miss A.
Halliday, Edinburgh, was awarded the 2nd prize, the
1st being withheld ; but Miss Halliday was 1st with
a single bouquet. The best collection of Roses other
than the usual exhibition varieties came from Mr.
S. Barlow, J. P., Stakehill, Manchester. Mr. Grant
had the best twelve Tea Roses, having Comtesse
Riza du Pare, Perle de Lyon, Catherine Mermet,
Miss Edith Giffard, Elise Vardon, Comtesse de
Nadaillac, Niphetos, Souvenir de Theresa Levet, Jean
Fernet, Madame I<ambard, Souvenir de Paul N<5roii,

142

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JuLT 30, 1887.

and Fran9ois Kruger ; 2nd, the Rev. J. H. Pember-
ton, whose best blooms were Amazone, Catherine
Mermet, Etoile de Lyon, Niphetos, Caroline Kuster,
Miss Edith Giffard. "

District Grown Bose4. — There were three classes
for these grown within 25 miles of the Town Hall,
Manchester, by amateurs : and there were five com-
petitors. In that for eighteen varieties, single blooms,
Mr. Thomas Tatham, Wilmslow, was Ist, with
some very good blooms; Mr. J. Brown, Heaton
Nursery, 2nd ; Mr. George Burgess, Knutsford,
being 3rd. The last-named had the best twelve
blooms, Mr. R. P. Gill, Ashton-on-Mersey, being
2nd, Mr. G. Burgess also had the best six blooms,
Mr. J. Brown being 2nd.

Tea and Noisette Hoses. — There were three classes
of these, and they were all open. That for twenty-four
varieties, brought no competition ; in that for twelve
varieties Messrs. George Cooling & Sons, the only
exhibitors, were placed 1st. Messrs. J. Cocker &
Son were the only exhibitor of eighteen varieties,
three trusses of each.

First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded to
a dozen blooms of Rose Earl of Duiferin, shown by
Messrs, A. Dickson & Son, Belfast, a deep red flower
shaded with maroon ; and to Clove Carnation Mrs.
Hole, pale terra-cotta, very free and effective, good
petal, and first-rate pod. shown by Messrs. J. Dick-
son & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester, who also
had a fine miscellaneous collection of cut hardy
plants, Roses, &c. Messrs. F. & A. Dickson, Upton
Nurseries, Chester, had four bo.xes of fine cut Roses ;
Mr. W. Owen, Hartford Nurseries, Northwich, a
group of fine Cattleyas and Odontoglossums ; Mr. R.
W. Proctor, nurseryman, Chesterfield, had cut blooms
of Carnations and Picotees ; Messrs. Dickson, Brown
& Tait, nurserymen, Manchester, hardy flowers
and Roses ; and Mr. R. P. Gill, a quantity of cut
blooms of Poppies of diflferent types, all of which
were commended.

SCOTTISH ARBORICXTLTURAL. .

The annual general meeting of this Society was
held on the 26th inst. in the class-room of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh : Dr, Hugh Clegho'rn,
of Stravithie, in the chair. The attendance was
fairly good. The minutes of the several meetings
held by the Society during the year having been
read and passed, and the new members of Council
elected, the Secretary stated that thirty-one new
members had joined the Society within the year,
thus raising the total membership to 700.

After a few opening remarks bearing on the pro-
gress of the Society, the Chairman read a paper on
the " Progress of Forest Administration," bv Sir D.
Brandis. The paper was devoted chiefly to the pro-
gress in forestry that had been made in India, and on
the benefits that weie accruing from the improved
forest administration that had been introduced into
that country since 1850. The writer concluded an
interesting paper with some remarks on the subject
of the proposed Forest School for Scotland. He was
of opinion that as soon as the desire gains ground
among landed proprietors in Scotland to obtain the
services of wood managers and foresters who have
received a more systematic training than is at present
attainable, they will find the necessary means and
take the needful steps for the establishment of a
Forest School. It clearly is their interest to improve
the productive powers, which means the capital value,
of their estates. The natural and proper thing in the
present case, is for the proprietors to take action
on their o^vn account.

A hearty vote of thanks was given to .Sir D.
Brandis for his paper, which is to be printed in full,
in the Transact i/>ns of the Society.

The Chairman reported from the Council that the
subject of the better education of young foresters had
engaged their attention, but it was found that
nothing could be done in that direction till the Par-
liamentary Committee now sitting on the question
of a National Forest School had reported.

Mr. John Methven read an excellent paper on
"Deciduous Trees with Ornamental and Coloured
Foliage useful in Landscape Forestry." A collection
of about eighty specimens of leaves of the more dis-
tinct and beautiful species .and varieties alluded to
in the p.aperwas exhibited, tastefully set upon paper.
The genera represented were chiefly Acer, the Oak,
Chestnut, Beech, Lime, Birch, Liriodendron, Labur-
num, Elm, Alder, Aralia, and others.

The paper was much appreciated, .and a Iiearty
vote of thanks was accorded Mr. Methven for it.

The judges' report on the competitive essays was

next read by Mr. D. F. Mackenzie. The following
were the awards : —

" Forest Administration in the Canton Vaud'
Switzerland." By G. Cadel. Silver Medal.

" The Natural Reproduction (by Self-sowing) of
Forest Trees." By John Smith, Romsey. Bronze
Medal.

" Forestry in Hungarv." Major Baily, Simla.
Gold Medal.

" The Plantations on Estate." By A. D.

Webster, Penrhyn. No. 2 Silver Medal.

" Town Planting." By A. D. Webster. Bronze
Medal.

" Trees and .Shrubs suitable for the Seaside." By
A. D. Webster. No. 2 Silver Medal.

" Forester's Cottage (with Plan)." By John Smith.
Bronze Medal.

•' The Efl'ects of the Great Gales of the Last
Twenty-five Years on the Woods and Forests of
England." By John Smith. Bronze Medal.

" The Woods and Plantations upon the Estate of

." By George Dodds, Wentworth. No. 2

Silver Medal.

A 12-feet length of " Watkiu's Patent Tape," for
measuring round timber. Rider & Son, London.
Bronze Medal.

Class II.

" Best kinds of Dead Fence for Enclosing Planta-
tions." By D. A. Glen, Gartshore. Bronze Medal.

Some discussion took place respecting the project
of establishing a Journal of Forestri/. The Chairman
said the Council had conferred with the Editor of the
Gardeners' Chronicle and with the authorities at
Cooper's Hill, and expressed the hope that, though
the matter was at present in abeyance, it would
soon take definite shape. Mr. Baxter and other
members urged the Council to keep the project
prominently in view, and it ajipeared to be the
general wish of the meeting that a medium of com-
innnication for foresters should be established.

Law Notes,

RICHARDSON v. H. CLARICE & CO.

A CASE of importance to seedsmen was recently
tried in the County Court at Selby, Yorkshire. The
action was brought by Mr. Joseph Richardson, of
Selby, against Messrs. A. H. Clarke & Co., seed
merchants, of King Street, Covent Garden, to re-
cover the loss which he alleged he had sustained in
consequence of defendants supplying him with a
quantity of seed which turned out to be defective.
In May, 1886, the plaintiff ordered of the defendants
a quantity of Turnip seed, called Hartley's Short-
top. After the seed had sprung up and partlv
developed itself it was nsticed that it was growin"
into a very peculiarly shaped plant, which, when
full grown, resembled something like a small berry
tree [! ?]. The plaintiff, who is also a seed merchant,
had sold some of the seed to his customers, and had
thereby lost their custom. The damage charged was
£50. Messrs. Clarke & Co. had had printed on
their invoices and catalogues a protective clause,
which stated that they would not hold themselves
responsible either as to the quality or production of
their seed. It was a customary thing with seed
merchants to print a clause of this kind on all their
invoices and catalogues. It was impossible to tell
Swede Turnip seed from Rape seed ; no person could
tell the difference between the two ; therefore it was
an impossible condition to guarantee.

The plaintiff, who was called and examined by his
solicitor. Mr. Burton, said, he ordered the seed, and
sowed a quantity of it on his farm. When grown it
turned out to be some wild plant, the like of which
he had never seen before. He had sold some of the
seed to various persons. He had received several
complaints from his customers, and when he saw in
November of last year Jhe kind of plants that had
grown from the .seed, he wrote at once to the
defendants complaining of the seed.

At the close of the plaintiff's case, Mr. Dauckwerts
submitted that there was no case made out by the
plaintiff. The plaintiflF had received catalogues
before he had the goods, and on the catalogues, in-

voices, and letters, &c., there was printed the non-
guarantee notice, and, therefore, the defendants were
not responsible for the crop. Accompanying the
goods was sent a notice to the effect, that unless
the plaintiff accepted the seeds on those terms they
were to be returned. It was admitted by one
of the plaintirt's witnesses, that it was the" uni-
versal practice amongst wholesale seedsmen to insert
the notice in catalogues, invoices, &c.. and there was,
therefore, no need to call plaintiff's special attention
to it. He quoted from several reported cases in sup-
port of his contention.

His Honour, in giving his judgment, said, that he
could not but take notice of the fact, that Mr. Smith
had admitted that it was the general practice amongst
seedsmen to print such a clause as the one referred
to on all their invoices and circulars. In the face of
the evidence which had been submitted he could not
think it was an unreasonable qualification, and
should, therefore, nonsuit the plaintiff with costs for
the defendants.

The Weather.

[Accmnulated temperatu

duration of the excei, _. „

below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
■"••ersely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatdbe.

Above or

Accumulated.

is

ss

Districts.

below the

^^

^

Mean for

•S^'

^^

the week
ending

Tfe

|l

s 1 5 5

<i: 'ni

Principal Wheat^pro-

Day-

Day-

Day- 1 Day-

duLing Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg. 1 deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

0 (aver.):

92

0

+ 207 + 37

1. Scotland, E. ...

3 above

12.5

0

+ 233 + 41

2. England. N.E. ...

2 above

136

0

+ 111 -t- 82

.3. England, E. ...

0 (aver.)

140

0

-1- 71+ 168

4. Midland Cos. ...

2 above

148

0

+ 64 + 166

5. England, S, ...

2 above

148

0

— 6+161

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6. Scotland, W, ...

1 above

116

0

+ 140 + 47

7. England, N.W....

1 above

133

0

+ 87,+ 118

8. England, S.W....

2 above

146

0

+ 96'+ 173

9. IRELAND. . ...

1 above

126

0

+ 263+23

10. Ireland, S.

3 above

144

0

+ 263'+ 97

— Channel Islands

2 above

148

0

+ 23+ 77

Bainfall

BRI8HT

SmrsaiiTE.

Districts.

•a o

{1!

.d
I*'

Or;

w

s

3a -S

hi

=1 -

las
£ 1

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing District!*.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland. N. ...

5 more

119

S1.2

25

25

1. Scotland, E. ...

4 less

88

10.6

43

34

2. England, N.E. ...

5 less

79

7.3

49

34

3. England, E. ...

4 less

74

8.3

71

43

4. Midland Cos. ...

4 less

73

8.8

48

37

5. England, S.

4 less

70

8.7

60

40

Principal Grazing. &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

.1 less

04

18.3

.lO

37

7. England, N.W....

0 less

74

11.0

49

39

S. England, S.W....

4 less

75

10.2

62

47

9. Ireland, N.

2 less

91

13.8

24

35

10. Ireland, S.

4 less

76

12.B

38

43

— Channel Islands

4 less

84

8.8

69

61

JtTLT SO, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' CHfRONICLE.

143

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending July 25, is famished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has undergone a gradual change,
and become generally unsettled. At the commence-
ment of the week it was fine in all districts, but on
the 21st rain set in over Ireland and Scotland, and
by the close of the period unsettled weather had ex-
tended to all parts of the kingdom.

" The temperature has been about equal to the
average in ' Scotland, N.' and ' England, E.,' but a
little above it elsewhere, the excess being greatest
(3°) in ' Scotland, E.' and ' Ireland, S.' The highest
readings were recorded as a rule on the I9th or 20th,
but in some parts of England on the 22nd, the ther-
mometer rising to 83° or 84° in nearly all the
English districts, as well as in ' Ireland, S.," and to
between 70° and 79° in Scotland and the north of
Ireland. The lowest readings, varying from 37° in
' England. E.' (at Hillington). to 46° in 'England,
N.W.,' 47° in 'England, N.E.,' and 41° in the
Channel Islands were observed on various dates.

" The rainfall has been considerably less than the
mean in all districts excepting ' Scotland. N.,' where
a decided excess is shown.

" Bright sunshine has been less prevalent than it
was last week over Ireland and the gi-eater part of
Scotland, but somewhat more prevalent elsewhere.
The percentage of the possible amount of duration
varied from 24 in ' Ireland, N.,' and 25 in ' Scot-
land, N.,' to 69 in the Channel Islands,' and 71 in
' England, E.' "

MEAN TEMPERATUKE OBSER^'ED AT CHISWICK DUR-
DiO THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 6. (AVERAGE
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

July 3\ ...

... 63°.3

Aug. 4

.. 63°

2

Aug. 1 ...

... 63°.2

„ 5

. 63°

1

,. 3 ...

... ea^.s

„ 6

.. 63°

1

„ 3 ...

... 63°.2

Mean for the week

. 63°

2

Notices to Correspondents.

Balsams : B. Saehs. The flowers sent of your im-
proved Rose-flowered strain of these flowers are
exceedingly neat in form, very double, and of
varied and pleasing tints.

Books on Herbaceous Plants, &c. : J. C. Hardy
Flowers (W. Robinson), with cuts. (Murray:
London.) Hardy Herhaceous and Alpine Flowers
(Sutherland). (W. Blackwood & Sons : London
and Edinburgh). — J. M. G. There is no recent
edition of the book you mention. We advise you
to procure Cassell's" Popular Gardening as best
suited for your purpose. It is, however, in four
volumes. "Hooker's Primer of Botany, to be had
of Messrs. Macmillan, Covent Garden, for a shil-
ling, will answer your purpose ; or Botany for
Beginners (Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.).

Caenation Seedling : A. S. A pretty flower, but
there are many better.

Clematis Jackmanni : W. K. This is a hardy climb-
ing shrub, not an herbaceous perennial. The col-
lection you speak of should have been disqualified
by the judges.

Ckocuses : jff . G. M. Crocuses produce seed-pods in
■ borders as well as in pots, even when it may not
happen, as in your case, that the corms do not
become dried up; but these being usually just
above the ground often escape the notice of the
nuobservant. Seedlings under good treatment
may flower in the third year.

Diseased Baek : Mrs. W. The additional specimens
sent show clearly that the cause of the injury is a
beetle (Scolytus destructor, fig. 34, p. 138), the
grub of which eats out channels in the bark, as
shown in the woodcut. Scrape off the outer bark
and apply in March a coating of tar and train oil.
Lime-water and soot has also been recommended.

Ereesias: Ignoramus. It is not essential that these
should be repotted every year — although finer
bloom results when it is done — unless the bulbs
are very numerous in the pots ; but in August and
September the drainage must be put in order, and
the soil be picked out down to the bulbs, and
replaced with new. Freesias need, like other

deciduous bulbs, a period of rest after the foliage'is
fully grown, or began to decay.

Grapes : A Young Journeyman. See our last volume,
April 23, p. 548, and June 11. p. 780. It is a bad
case of shanking.

Insects ; A. 0. W. The mvriapod which has ap-
peared in your Melon-house is probably a new
imported species, It is not figured in Berlesi's
great work. It may be trapped by slices of Potato
laid in the beds.— J", if. After carefully exa-
mining the various kinds of plants of which you
sent fragments, we have only succeeded in finding
one small female coccus with two or three young
ones, and a very minute white aphis. Fumigation
and svringing will check these troublesome in-
sects." /. 0. W. — Thym ^- Paton. The slimy
worms are the larvte of the saw-fly, illustrated in
our last issue, p. 110.

MahSchal Niel Rose : Cambrian. The Rose should
have some of its best ripened wood laid-in every
spring at pruning time, cutting out some of the
older wood to make room for it, and to prevent
crowding. Some of this young growth may be
laid in without cutting it back ; this will furnish
the earlier blooms; the rest of the young wood
may be cut back to various lengths ; by these
means you will keep the Rose furnished with
flowering wood from the bottom upwards. So
much for the treatment of a healthy plant ; but as
yours is totally without young shoots at the lower
part, and produces no flowers at all, the shoots
should be cut back severely in November, and the
soil about the roots removed and replaced in great
part by sound loam, a little lime rubbish, and
leaf-mould, giving a mulch of rotten manure after
growth has begun in the spring. Do not give
manurial stimulants of any kind the first season,
except what may be supplied by the mulching.
By cutting back late in the autumn the buds, if
the house be kept as cool as possible, will break
out of the old wood in great numbers, but if the
process of wood-bud forming be hurried, the young
shoots will be few and weak.

Names of Plants: R, E. 1. Stuartia virginica; 2.
Lyonia ligustrina ; 3, Vaccinium pennsylvanicum ;
4, Rhamnus Alaternns ; 5, Arctostaphylos Uva-
iirsi ; 6, Leucothoe Mariana. — Arbor. 1, Populus
monilifera. Such things as Poplars cannot be
named from a portion of a leaf; complete leaves
were not even sent. Twigs to show character,
whether angled or terete, should always be sent. —
T. K. 4' Co. Dictamnus I'raxinella. — Xame lost :
hold foliage, decidmus. and two seed-pods. Caly-
canthus occidentalis. — W. W. 1, Lilium parda-
linum ; 2, ditto, if the bulb is the same in cha-
racter; 3, the same. Should any of them have bulbs
connected by a runner, they will be varieties of
L. suberbum. — M. Y. P. Leucadendron argenteum,
native of the Cape of Good Hope. — B. A. C. 1,
Echinops mthenicus ; 2 and 3, Eryngium ; species
next week ; 4, Digitalis lutea. — J. T. F. Lycopo-
dium clavatum. — T. M. 1, Cystopteris bulbiferum ;

2, Pelljea rotundifolia ; 3, Athyrium Filix-foemina
var. ; 4, Polystichum acuminatum ; 5, Polypodium
vulgare ; 6, Onoclea sensibilis. — J. H. 1, Ligus-
trum lucidum; 2, a Cypress, we cannot tell which ;

3, red-berried Elder, not poisonous, very rarely
fruits in this country (Sambucus racemosa) ; 4.
Jasminum gracile ; 5, J. revolutum ; 6, Strepto-
solon Jamesoni. — B. E. Spiraea ariaefolia. — S. 1,
Scabiosa columbaria; 2, Chrysanthemum alpinum ;
3, Campanula rotundifolia ; 4, C. pusilla ; 5, C.
macrorhiza? 6, C. bonomensis. — Kent ^ Brydon.
1, Asclepias curassavica ; 2, Zephyranthes cari-
nata.

Orchid Flowers: J. Walilir. All three good speci-
mens.

Primtjlas, Stnonimic List of : J. Gatherer. Apply
to the Assistant Secretary. Royal Horticultural
Society, South Kensington. London.

Salt for Killing Weeds ok Walks: J. B. The
kind of salt you have purchased is that which is
usually employed for the purpose. Should dry
weather continue, it may be sprinkled in a dry
state on the walks ; in wet weather, however, it is
best used with scalding water at the rate of 16 oz.
to 1 gal. of water.

"Vanda tricolor : E. B. IV. A fine example.

Enquiries.

" He that questioneth muck s

I learn muck." — BACON.

Araucaria niBRicATA. — I have a fine specimen of
Araucaria imbricata and am grieved to find the lower
branches dying. Last year three or four died, and
this summer more are dying. I believe the soil to
be fairly good and the tree stands in the centre of
a piece of turf around which is a carriage drive.
Can you, or any reader of the Gardeners' Chronicle
who has had a like experience, give me any advice
as to anything I can do to arrest this upward dying ?
If so, I shall feel extremely grateful, J. H. B., Mal-
vern. [The ground may be too rich, and the tree too
low, with deficient drainage. These trees always do
best, except in very poor and dry soils, when planted
on mounds. Ed.]

Deodaras. — In a gentleman's garden situated in
Southern Italy at an altitude of about 1100 feet
above the sea, several Deodaras have lately shown
signs of decay, and the gentleman would be very
grateful to any one who could give advice so as to
arrest, if possible, further injury. One tree, which was
raised from seed in the South of Scotland in 1853,
and taken out to Italy about two years after that
date, now attains to a height of 66 feet, with a girth
at base of 6 feet over ; a second tree was of same
age, and about same dimensions ; and a third was
raised from seed at the place about fifteen years
ago. All these are growing in calcareous soil, and
have lost about 5 feet of their leaders. The dead
pieces were sawn ofif, but the decay seems still pro-
ceeding downwards slowly. A Silver Fir (large)
growing near them has also lost some 3 feet of
leader, and the disease is also seemingly descending.
Another Deodara Of large size, gi'owing about two
miles off, in a deep clay soil, has also lost its top.
Any advice would be thankfully received if sent to
F. N. R., care of Sir W. Gibson Carmichael, Castle
Craig, Dolphinton.

IARKET8.

COVENT GARDEN, July 28.

[We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to ua reguliirly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that tJiese quotatioDS
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day. but often several times in one day. and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Thade for best goods falling oflf considerably, and
prices are again lower, our market being well sup-
plied with both hothouse and outdoor fruit. James
Webber, JVholesale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d.

0-18 0 j Hydrangeas, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
0-60, Lilium longiflorum,

0-9 0 per dozen 18 0-30 0

0-12 0 [ — lancifolium, doz. 9 0-18 0
Lobelias, dozen ... 3 0- 4 0
0-60 0 I Marguerite Daisy,
0-24 0 per dozen 6 0-12 0

I Mipuonette, doz. ... 4 0- 6 0
0-18 0 ! Musk, per dozen ... 2 0- 4 0

I Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0

0-24 0 I Palms, in var., each 2 &-21 0

Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-12 0

0-18 0 ' — ecarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

6- 7 0 ' — Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40

I Rhodanthe, dozen ... 6 0- 9 0
0-10 0 ScentedVerbena,doz. 4 0-60
0-9 0 Spiraea, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0
0- 8 0 I

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Balsams, per dozen... 3
Calceolaria, dozen ... 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,
per dozen ... ...30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in variety, per

dozen 4

Ficus elastica, each . 1
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2

Fuchsias, doz. ... 3
Heliotrope, dozen ... 4

Cut Flowers.— Avebage Wholesale Prices.

Communications Received.— O. T.— W. G. S.— D. J.—
W. S.— W. S. M.— J. J. W.— .7. B. H.— H. P. F.— J. H. M.—
W. C— J. Holmes.— A. Dickson &. Sons, Belfast.— E. P.,
Ghent.— M. F. — M. D. (many thanks). — G. S. S.— M. Linden,
Brussels.— E. W. S.— G. G.— W. B. H.

Abutilons, 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 blms.

— dozen bunches...
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Jasmine, white, bun.
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms

— lancifolium. 12bl.
Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette, 13 bun.

2 0-40

3 0-50
0 6-10
0 6-10
3 0-60
10-20
3 0-60

2 0-40
0 6-10
0 tj- 0 9

3 0-60
16-20
3 0-60
3 0-40

Myosotis. 12 bun. ... 2 0- 3 0
Pelargoniums. 12 spr. 0 6-10

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 4-06
Pinks, coloured and

white, 12 bun. ... 2 0-40
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 &- 1 0

Pyretbrum, 12 bun... 2 0-60
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6-16

— coloured, dozen. 0 6-10

— red, perdozen ... 0 6- 1 0

— Saffrano, dozen... 0 9-10
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0-40
TropaBolume, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 6-10

144

TEE GARDENEE8' CEEONIGLE.

[Jm,T 30, 1887.

Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Pbioes.

Cherries, J-sieve ...3 0-6 0
Grapes, per lb. ... 10-26
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 9-16
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons, each ...16-3 0

Peaches, dozen ... 2 0- 8 0
Pine-apples,Eng.,lb. 10-16
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50
Strawberries, per lb. 0 3-10

Vegetables— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. doz.... 4 0- ...
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
BeaBS, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, spring,

each 0 4- ...

Celery, per bundle ...16-2 0
Cucumbers, each ...0 6-10
Endive, per dozen
Green Mint, bunch.
Herbs, per bunch ,
Leeks, per bunch ,
Lettuce, per dozen ,
Lettuce, Cos., each,

,30-.

Mushrooms, punnet 1 6-
Mastard and Cress,

punnet 0 4-

Onions, per bushel
Parsley, per bunch,
Peas, per quart
Potatos, per cwt. ,

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3-
Spinach, per bushel... 6 0-
Sprue, bundle ... 1 0-
Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9-
Turnips. new, hunch 0 8-
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 3-

4 0- .

0 6- .

1 0- .
4 0- i

Potatos.— Old Potatos about finished. Jerseys range from ;
to 95. per cwt. ; Cherbourgs, from 6s. to Is. per cwt.

SEEDS.

LoKDOS: JiUy 27.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report
a stronger inquiry for Trifolium at increased rales.
Of English the supply was comparatively small,
whilst French offerings diminish. In sowing Mus-
tard there is more doing. Rape seed keeps finn.
For yearling Clover seed a small speculative demand
is felt. The new French Italian Kye grass being
choice and extremely cheap, e.xcites attention. Fine
blue Peas easily command enhanced quotations.
The new crops are very badly spoken of. In Hemp
seed the tendency is upwards. Canary seed is
unchanged.

FBTIIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London) : Julyll. — The vegetable
trade has been good, with very fair supplies. Pota-
tos in request, supplies of Jersey and English being
satisfactory. Fruit also well disposed of. Quota-
tions ; — Gooseberries, Is. 6d. to 2s. 3d. per half-
sieve ; Apples, 4s. 6A to 6s. Qd. per bushel ; Straw-
berries 25. to 3s. Gd. per peck ; red Currants, 2s. dd.
to 3s. M. per half-sieve ; black Currants, 3s. 6rf. to
4s. do. ; white Cherries, 3s. Qd. to 4s. Gd. do. ; black
Cherries, 3s. to 4s. do. ; Raspberries, 3s. to 4s. per dozen
pounds (in pound punnets) ; Cabbagei, 2s. Gd. to
4s. Qd. per tally ; Cos Lettuces, Sd. to Is. per score ;
bunch Onions, 2s. 6ii. to 4s. per dozen bunches ;
bunch Turnips, 25. 6d. to 3s. 6d. do. ; bunch Carrots,
2s. to 3s. do. ; Peas, 6s. to 75. &d. per bag ; ditto,
3s. dd. to 4s. &d. per sieve ; bunch Mint, 35. to bs,
per dozen bunches ; Parsley, 35. do. ; frame Cucum-
bers, 35. 6rf. to 4s. per dozen ; common ditto. Is. to
Is. U. do.

Stratford : July 26.— The market has been well
supplied during the past week, and a brisk trade
was done. Quotations: — Cabbages, 3s. to 5s. per
tally ; Carrots, household, 25. to 3s. per dozen
bunches; Mangels, 135. to 14s. per ton; Apples,
English, 85. per bushel ; Vegetable Marrows, Is. 6rf.
to 2s. per dozen ; Beans, scarlet, 55. to 6s. per sieve ;
do. Broad, 3s. to 3s. 6rf. per bag ; Currants, black, 65.
per sieve ; do. red, 3s. per half-sieve ; Peas, 6s. per
bag; Parsley, 2s. to 2s. (id. per dozen bunches;
Cherries, white, 75. per half-sieve ; do. black, 6s. do. ;
Plums, 35. per box ; Greengages, 45. to Ss. per box.

POTATOS.

BoRonoH AND Spitalfields : Ja/y 26. —Supplies
for the period are moderate, and owing to the dry
weather during the earlier period of growth, large
Potatoes are scarce and dear ; small moderate in
price. Trade slow at the following quotations: —
Essex kidneys, 7s. to 9s. ; do. Shaws, 6s. to 8s. ;
Early Roses, 5s. to 6s. ; Hebrons, 65. 61/. to 8s. ;
Myatts, 7s. to 9s. ; Jersey kidneys, 8». to 9j. ; Cher-
bourg do., 8e. to 95. ; do. round, 6s. Qd. to 75. 6(/.
per cwt.

CoLtiMBiA (East London) : July 27.— Quotations :
— Jersey flukes, 7s. ^. to Ss. ; do. rounds, 5s. &d. to
65. ; Cherbourg flukes, 7s. to 8s. ; do. rounds, 65. 6rf.
to 6s. English : Beauty of Hebrons, 6s. (d. to 7s. ;
do. kidneys, 7s. to 85. ; do. Shaws, 5s. 6d. to 6«. ; do.
early rounds, 6s. to 65. 6rf. per cwt. Dutch, 2». 9rf.
to 3s. per basket.

A Growing Industry. — Market-Gardening.
Punch.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Mi
Quality, THE BEST to the Market. (All racks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... bs. per sack ; b sticks for 22s. 6d.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4.5. id. „ 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid bs.^. ,, 5 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... ")

PREPABED COMPOST, best (is. per bush., 3!. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD, „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. ed. jer bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... Sd: lb., 28 lb. 18s.
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Sp«cialite) Sd. lb., 28 lb. 18s.
MUSHBOOM SPAWN, finest MiUtrack ... 6s. per bushel.
CHUBB'S" PERFECT "FER-I In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for (

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 7lb. 14lb. 28lb. 661b. 1 cwt.

Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIROm CORK, best quality only — 31- 5/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6d. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is. each : 10 sacks, 9s. ; 16 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;

30 sacks. 2.5s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,

in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. Gd. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 6s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM. 7s. 6d. per
bag. SILVER .SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER ASD CO.. Famboro' Station, Hants.

#>«^y?#^

WEED- KILLER, for destroying Weeds on Carriage Drives,
Garden Walks, Stable Yards, &c. Prices ;— Per galloD, 2s.,
tins included ; 5 gallons. Is. 6rf. per gallon ; 10 gallons. Is 4d.
per gallon. One gallon makes 26 gallons.

WORM-KILLEit. for eradicating worms from Tennis
Courts, Lawns, and Plants in Pots. Prices:— In bottles,
Is. 3d. and 2s. 6rf ; per gallon. 6*.

THE ** INVICTA " INSECTICIDE.

For destroyinf]; insects and parasit'-s, su'-h as mralv-bug.
scale, thrips, red spider. American blipht, &c. In Uw^. Is. 'A,/.
and 2s. 6d. ; per y;alIou, 9s.

The "INVICTA" MILDEW DESTROYER

An unfailing remedyfor mould and mildewon Roses. \'iiies.,^c.
In bottles. Is. and 2s.

Soft Proprietors mid .Mmufirturrrs.

THE AGRI-HOKTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY.
TONBRIDGE, KENT.

Sold by Seedsmen and Florists.
Note.— There is no branch of our business at Glasgow or
not connected with any company of a

else%vhere, and

lilar r

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE

id. per bushel ; IMI for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bu9hel bags, 4d. each .

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. ed. per sack ; i sacks,
26s. ; sacks. 4rf. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COAKSE SILVER SAND, Is. M. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. ed. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSU MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. 0. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C.

ORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,

SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a. Queen Victoria
Street, E.C.. near Mansion House Station. Depfit: Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegrams-" Florioultube. London." Established 1864.

pEAT — PEAT — PEAT. —

-1- Very superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, api^y to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Ma^cal Estate. North Ci ly, Kent.

ORCHIK PEAT.

A JOHNSON AND C(X, 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London, E.G.. having j ist received thehighest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from on) of the largest Orchid Growers
in England, stating the Strii'ks of ORCHID PE.AT just re-
ceived, to be by far the best ever introduced, are therefore in-
duced to place this fact before consumers. Samples can be
seen at above address, or forwarded on application.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. hare also an estat* with some good
GENERAL PEAT upon it.

W Orchid Feat— a Specialty!

WOOD AND SON are now cutting from
• THE NEW ESTATE (the only estate celebrated for
its special quality of ORCHID PEAT).

Send for Sample. Special Quotations.
Wood Green, London, N.

The Best Manure for all Horticultural Purposes Is

KICHARD MANN and CO.'S
UNIVERSAL FERTILISER.
It is the mojit effective and permanent fertiliser in the
market. We have taken over 1000 First Prizes for Plants,
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables grown with this Manure. In
tins. Is. ; bags, 7 lb.. 2s. ed. ; 14 lb., 4s. 6rf. ; 28 lb., 7s. td. ;
66 lb.. 12s. ed. ; 112 lb., 20s., aU carriage paid. We also
supply finest quality Fish Guano, pure Dissolved Bones, and
Crushed Bones, in 1 cwt. bags, 10s., carriage paid. Dr.

GJ.ARDEN and FARM REQUISITES.—
r Archangel, Petersburg, Garden and Packing MATS of
every description. RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, and CLOTH :
GREENHOUSE SHADINGS of all kinds; PEAT, LOAM,
SILVER-SAND, and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE; GARDEN
NETTING and TOOLS : RICK-CLOTHS and TARPAULINS
for sale or hire; MARQUEE, TENT, and FLAG Makers;
JUBILEE TENT, 26s. each, complete.
„,,. , .„ CO., 129, Commercial Street, London, E.

SLY, DIBBLE

Dlu-strated Catalogues post^fn

TREPHO forORCHIDS.

For Potting, Rafts, Blocks, &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S.,

75a, queen VICTORIA STREET. E.C. ; and

SWAN PLACE, OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all Horticui-ti'Ral Rrquisites post-free.
POTTERY of all descriptions.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew.
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water; 4 to 16 ouncesas winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s.. and 10s. ed.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes. 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

Use Antimonial

RED RUBBER
GARDEN HOSE.

Originated by me when with Merryweather & Sons, and
guaranteed made from pure Para Fibrous Rubber, with
genuine antimony.

Order any length direct, with or without Fittings, at Stores*
Prices, and avoid worthless counterfeit hose.

J. H. HEATHMAN,

SHOW ROOMS :— 2. ENDELL STREET. LONDON, W.C.

RIGBY, WAINWRIGHT & CO.,

MANUFACTURERS,

Neptune Works, Manchester,
Cotton Wool and Wadding

for Florists and Nurserymen.

Send for Samples and Prices.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any L/^ndon Station.

100 sciuares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 0

21 c

13} by 8} for 10/- for 14/-

12 ,, 9 ,, 10/- ,, 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6.
12 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 16/6 or 260 squares 8} by 6}, or 220
14 ,, 10 ,, 13/- „ 19/- squares, 9} by 6}, or 170 .squares,
14 „ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7}, or 1,50 squares. 10 by 8.
12 ,,12 „ 13/- ,, 20/- for 10s. Carriage paid tor all orders
18 ,, 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- overJBS.
20 „ 12 ., 24/- „ 35/-

Cilass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-On, PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5rf. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. BOBIIfSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,
14, Moor Lane, Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

SCRIM, HESSIAN,
RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, PEAT,
SAin>, COCOA FIBRE BEFUSE, &c.,

At very Lowest Prices.

CATALOGUE on APPLICATION.

JAMBS T. ANDERSON,

13S, COHHEROIAL STREET, LONDON, B.

joLv 30. 1887.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 145

NEW EDITION, CORRECTED UP TO DATE.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Eeprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle.

Price 3d., Post-free 3id.;
Twenty-five Copies 5s., Fifty 10s., and One Hundred 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-fiye delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.
Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Fourth Edition. Price \s.

ON GEOWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS.

By Rbv. 0. FISHER.

Price Is. stitched.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.

A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE BEST METHOD OF CULTURE.

By WILLIAM EARLEY.

London : BRADBXTRY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wbllinqton Stbebt, Strand,
LONDON, W.C.

1887.

Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for . Months,

commencing , for which I enclose P. 0.0. . .

^^^ Please N^ote that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance.

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15». ; 6 Months, 7s. Sd. ; 3 Months, 3s. M. ; Post-free.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. Qi. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19«. 6d.

Receipts for leas than six months' subscription will'i>'& be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to he made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. ^ , o. c

Cheguea should be orossed >• DSUMMOND." ''^^ ^"■..^

146

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 30, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Scale of Charges for Advertising,

Bead Line charged as two.

£0
0

4 Line

i.. £0

3

0

15 Lines

5 „

.. 0

'A

6

16 „

6 „

.. 0

4

0

17 „

7 „

.. 0

4

6

18 „

8 „

.. 0

5

0

19 „

9 „

.. 0

5

6

20 „

10 „

.. 0

6

0

21 „

11 „

.. 0

6

t)

22 „

12 „

.. 0

7

0

23 „

13 „

.. 0

7

6

24 „

14 ..

.. 0

8

0

25 „

9 0

0 9 6

0 10 0

0 10 6

0 11 0

0 11 6

0 12 0

0 12 6

0 13 0

0 13 ti

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charee will be 20s.

If set across three Columns, the lowest charge will be 30s.

Page, £8: Ha.f Page. £4 10s.; Column. £:i.

GAKSENERS and OTHERS WANTING SITUATIONS.

36 words, including name and address. Is. li(^.,

and 6(/. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

UfPORTAJfT NOTfCE. — Advertisers are cauttoned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ojftces, ai
ait Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the Office

bv Thur^daij noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United Kin&do.m : 12 Months, IBs. ; 6 Months.

73. 6d, ; 3 Months, 33. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China): including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 Months: India and China, 19a. 6d.

Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRUKi' L.iNE, W.C.'to W. RICHARDS.

PuBLisHiNO Office and Office for Advertisements,

41, Wellington Street, .Strand, London, W.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.G.

THE BEST RE.MtDr FOR INDIGESTION.

NORTON^

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Arecoiifidfiifly

•dyfor

nple hut certa

^^ INDIGESTION %^

Bee Testimonial, selected from hundreds:—

CROYDON, 1885.

" Havhig been a sufferer front Indi-
gestion for many years, 1 am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering; from the saine.
"7. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywherf, nrire is. n '.. 2^. o /- antl lu.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accidents. Employer's Liability, insured against by the

I>AILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
^/ OOMPAJfy, 64, Comhill, London. Income, £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,360,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. ; Head
Oface, 64, Cornhill, London, E.G.

WILLLAM J. VLAN, Secretary.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, Ihd. per
yard; 10s. per 100 yards; 25 yards 2 yards wide postr
free 4s. ; 4 yards wide. M. per yard ; 20s. per 100. NEW
TWC'E NETTING, 1 inch mesh, 1 yard %vide. 2rf. : 2 yards
wide, 3d. ; 4 yards wide, ed. per yard. COTTON NETTING,
54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch. Id. per yard (best
article to proU^ct fruit trees, &c.). BAT FOLUINl} NETS, on
Bamboo poles, 205. CLAP NETS, for birds, 30s.

W. CULLINGFORD, Forest Gate, London, E.

Rosber's Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
KITCHEN Q.ARDENS, as
they harbour no Slugs or
1, take up little
ce put down inc
further labour or expen
do "grown" Edgings,
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsiand Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatoriea, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZEO TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Range.q, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tilea

of all kinde. Rooting Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AN-D CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SILVER SAND,

O fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.

FLINTS and BKICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.

KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3d3 and 4ths qualities, always kept in st«ck.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FABUILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LE.1D. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,

34, St. John Street, West SmltMeld, London, E.C.

Stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

(Publishers of May's Press Gi'ide.)
ADVEKTISING AGENTS,
159, PICC.-IDILLY,
London, W.,
RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London, Provincial,
Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre-
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.
Special advantages to Large Advertisers.
Established 18S0.
Only Address— 1.59, PlccADnXT, London, W.

,\ DVERTISEMENTS

JrX. Inserted in the DA/L YNEWS and in aU

LONDON, PROVINCIAI,, and FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
Exceptional Terms for a Series.

CONTRACTORS for the SPECIAL CORNER POSITIONS

On PAGES 2, 3, and 6 of the GLOBE.

The SPECIAX CORNERS of the EVENING STANDAMD.

And the SPECIAL CORNERS on FRONT PAGE of the

PEOPLE.

Sole Agents for all Advertisements in the

OtFICIAL GOVERNMENT POLICE GAZETTE.

■WILLING'B. 12B, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Telegraph Address—" WILLINQ'3, London.'
Telephone No. 2773.

Farms, Estates, Eesidences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating Ihe purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties
Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herald
always contains large numbers of .advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

Covent Garden Market, W.C.

PARTNER WANTED. Whole attention re-
quired. Must be adapted to the business, and be
energetic— G. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Of&ce, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C.

--pHREE GARDENERS REQUIRED. —

X A HEAD G.4itDENER, who understands Hothouses and
Ornamental Gardtning. Alsoa HEAD KITCHEN GARDENER ;
also a MAN to Assist the latter and who understands Cows
and Poultry. All three must be thoroughly comptent and have
had good experience. Abstainers preferred. All to live off the
premises. N .B. It is important that the wife of one should bo
a good Laundress.— Apply by letter lo G. L., Wm. Dawson &
Sons, 121, Cannon Street, London, E.C.

WANTED, a GARDENER, single, to go to
the South of France. — Must understand Fruit, Flower,
and V^egetable Growing for Market, and Superintend Vine-
yards; he will have several men under him.— Apply per-
sonally before 9 o'clock any morning at St. George's Club,
Hanover Square, W., to B- B . or bv letter.

Shopman (under Principal).

WT'ANTED, an energetic MAN, of good
Vt experience, and a good correspondent. — State salary,
&c., to G. P. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

W7ANTED, a young MAN, accustomed to

Vt Wreath and Bouquet Making, to take charge of
Plants under the Foreman, and to Wait on Customers.- Apply,
stating wages required and all particulars, to GAHAWAY and
CO., Durdham Down Nurseries, Clifton, Bristol.

WANTED, a young man as ASSISTANT
FLORIST. Fruit experience. References.— Apply
BOREOWDALE, Bouri

\^

/"ANTED, good HANDS, in a West End

Florist's Shop.— -ipply. by letter, to A. Z., Royal Nur-

W ANTED, a respectable Young MAN, to go
with Hor^e Mower and Outdoor Work. Wages to
commence, lii.*. per week — lodging, milk, and vegtabl&s free. —
.\pplv bv letter to THOS. PLU.MB, The Gardens, Swinfen Hall,

Lichfield.

GARDENING APPOINTMENT.

Mr. .Iohn Mabti-v, late of The Garden."!,
.\lton Towers, has been appointed Gardener to
J. E. LiGHTFOOT, Esq., yuairy IIill, .\ccringtoii.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — /( 3.5 very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that tt should defined in payable at No. 42. DitlRY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B.—The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instaJices
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received icithout name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot he identified at aiU

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

ICH ARD SMITH and Co!

beg to annoxmce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
ic. — St. John's Nurseries, Worrx'-ster.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND CO., having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every conti-
dence, energetic and practical jMEN of tested ability and
firat-rate character. Ladiey and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishmenta,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHN LAING
AND CO., The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S^E^

Gardeners. Under Gardeners. Bailiffs, &c.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whosecharacters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
can recommend as to abilities. &c.— Ladies and Gentlemen re-
quiring either of the above can be suited with reliable, first-clasa
men by applying to Wm. Cutbush & Son, Highgate Nuraeriea, N.

JotT 30, 1887.]

THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

147

To Noblemen and Oentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
time^ upon their Register reliable aad competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Meiers. Carter.
Enquiries shoul.i be made to 2S1 and 238, High Holborn, W.C.

rpHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

X CO. (John Cowan). Limited. The Vineyard and Nnr-
8erie9, Garaton, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEA1>
GARDENER, ajid also another MAN, who, in addition to beinn
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing I^arge
Establishment^.

URSERY MANAGER.— Experienced;

accustomed to first-rate Private as well as Wholesale
Trade ; is open to an engagement should a suitable appointment
o£f«r.— PYRUS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C.

RCHIB GROWER, or HEAD GAR-

DENER (Working).— Sixteen years' thorough know-
ledge in all branches. Strongly recommended for Orchid
Growing by one of the best growers of the day. Excellent
characters. Abstainer.— A. B. (.;., Parade, Church Road, Ted-
dington, S.W.

ORCHID GROWER, or FOREMAN ; age 25.
—J. Stewart, The Gardens, Langford Park, Maldon,
Essex, can confidently recommend his Foreman, E. Bristow,
who has been with him five years, to any one requiring his
;ither of the above capacities. — Address as above.

C> ARDENER (Head). — Age 31, married
T thoroughly experienced. Insuie and Out. — W ^
Hillside Grove, Chase Road, Southgate, N.

18,

GARDENER (Head). — Age 26, single ;
understands Vines, Cucumbers. Tomatos, Flowers, and
Kitchen Garden. Ten years' experience. Excellent character.
—A. G. BOURNE^ King's Road, Guernsey.

0^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married, one
T child ; thoroughly experienced in all branches of the
profession. Exceptionally good references as to character and
capability from firat-class places. Disengaged through death.
— M., Mrs. Greenaway, Didmarton, Chippenham, Wilts.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 41, married, no
encumbrance.— D. NoRRiS begs to offer his servicer to
any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, ener-
getic man, as above. Undeniable character.— 10, Wright
Cottage. Langley Road. Watford.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 32, married;
can be highly recommended to any Lady or Gentleman
requiring the services of a good all-round Gardener. Three
years in present situation. — W., Mr. Charlton, Hatton House,
Chislehnrst.

G'^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 44 ; married, no
T family. Twelve years in present situation, county of
Durham. Thoroughly understands the Growing of Fruit.
PlantH, and Flowers. Unexceptional references.—Full par-
ticalari on application to DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT,
Seed Merchants, Manchester.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28,

single ; ten years' experience in the Growing of Fruit,
Flowen, and Vegetables. Can be well recommended as to
character and abiUty.— T. STACK, Treberfydd, Bwlch E.S.O.,
Breconsliire.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Four years
Orchid Grower. Thorough practical knowledge. Early
and Late Forcing, Fruit and Flowers, and the Management of
a good Garden.— J. PAYNE, Mr. Jewel, 11, High Street,
Lewisham, Kent.

r^ ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,

vJT married.- A Gentleman, giving up, wishes to recom-
mend his Head Gardener as a thorough practical man in all
branches. Fruit Culture a specialty.— H. T., Fullbrook's,
Worcester Park, Surrey.

ARDENER (Head AVorking) ; age 30.—

Mr. Forbes, Gardener to W. Drury Lowe, Esq., Locko
Park, near Derby, can highly recommend his Foreman,
Frederick Beney, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
practical Gardener. Fourteen years' experience.- Address as
above.

GARDENER (Head Working), where more
are kept; age 34, married.— A Gentleman wishes
to recommend his Gardener, who has been with him five years,
to any Lady or Gentleman, requiring a thoroughly practical
and trustworthy man, well-versed in every departi"-"* ^'■"''-
teen years' experit

-J. TIMSON, Shirley Croft, Grantham.

GARDENER (Head Workii^g, or good
Single-handed).— H. Toms. Gardener to the Earl of
Listowel, is open for an engagement as above. Good character.
—Kingston House, Prince's Gata. S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working), where three
to five are kept.— Age 36, married, two children
(youngest 8) ; total abstainer. Has had twenty years' practical
experience in every branch of Grardening. Is a thoroughly
competent, reliable, industrious and trustworthy Gardener.
First-chiss Plantsman, Fruit, and Vegetable Grower. Excellent
references. — GARDENER, Mr. Price, Florist, Ewell Road,
Su rbiton .

GARDENER (Head, where two or three
are kept, or good Single-handed).— Age 33, single;
fifteen years' experience. Good references. — H. HINCKS, 9,
Darwin Street, Mountfields, Frankwell, Shrewsbury.

/~1 ARDENER, with one, two, or three under
VJ" him. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend a Gardener,
with fifteen years' good character.— J. BARTLETT, Mrs.
Carpenter, Bedhampton, Havaut, Hants.

r^ ARDENER.— Rev. A. Johnson wishes to

VlT recommend Mr. Wade, his late Gardener. Understands
Vines. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Twelve years' expe-
rience. Three and a half years' good character.— Rev. A.
.TOHNSON, Great Berkhamstead. Herts.

ARDENER.— A Gentleman is wishful to

recommend a thoroughly competent Gardener, who has
given complete satisfaction in present sitation as Head for
upwards of eleven years. Leaving through death. Also
thirteen years' experience in Nobleman's establishment. —
COULDREY. Daveyhulme Hall, irrraston, Lancashire.

GARDENER (Head Working). — J. C.
Cowley, Gardener to F. G. Tautz, Esq., Studley House,
Shepherd's Bush, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman,
Thomas Stevens, to any Lady or Gentleman requirmg a prac-
tical Gardener. Has had great experience with Orchids,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden
Work. Three years' good character.- J. STE^^:NS, Studley
House, Shepherd's Bush, W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30 ;
thoroughly experienced and well recommcDded by
present and by previous employers. — GARDENER, Arthur
Skelton, Leathcrhead, Surrey.

GVARDENER (Workino).— Age 35, married;
T thoroughly experienced in all branches. Good cha-
racter from present and previous employers. — C. COTTON,
West Street, Reigat^, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given).— Age 42 ; two and a half years' personal
character from present service and previous. References. —
JAMES BASING. Earlham Grove House, Wood Green, N.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Under). —
Age 31. married, no family ; understands Vines, Fruits,
Flowers, and Kitchen Garden. Good reference. — J. B., Long-
cliff Terrace, Kegworth, near Derby.

GARDENER (Second). —Four and a half
years' experience, chiefly glass. Good references.-
H. L., Heath Lodge. The Common, Uxbridge.

ARDENER (Second), in the Houses, or

Inside and Out.— Age S3; good recommendation. Total
abstainer.— GEO. PARRANT, U, Bel^^ize Park Ternioe, Belsize
Lane, Hampstead. N.W.

GARDENER (Second), in Houses, where
four or five are kept.— Agi- 22 ; good reference. Seven
years' experience.— G. S.. The Gardens, Lessness Abbey Wood,
Kent.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 20; good refer-

ences from last employer.— 5. Duke Street. Norwich.

GARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
ment.-Age 18; five years' experience.— W. BARTLETT.
Ful bourn, Cambs.

ARDENER (Under), in a good establish-

ment.— Age 26, single ; good knowledge of both Inside
and Out. Ten years' good character.- E. D. MYNTHURST,
Leigh. Reigate. Surrey.

GARDENER~(Under), or IMPROVER~in
the Houses.— Age 20; five years' experience. Excellent
character.— H. C. W., Fairview Villa, Eastington. Stonehouse,
Gloucestershire.

FOREMAN. — Age 26; well up in all branches.
Good references.— H. HANSFARD, Somerset Road, High
Park. Ryde. Isle of Wight.

FOREMAN, in a private establishment.
Age 29, married, no family ; twelve years' experience
all branches. Well recommended.— R. G., Gardeners' Chron
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Str;nnl. W.C.

FOREMAN, Inside, or good Second.— Age
25 ; used to House. Table, and other Decoration. Good
experience and character.— T. H., 4, Eliza Terrace, Albion
Road, Twickenham.

FOREMAN, or Second.— Age 23 ; nine years'
experience. Two and a half years' good character.—
A. B., ISIr. Sales. Wiekham Road, Shirlej, Croydon.

FOREMAN and JOURNEYMAN; age
respectively 26 and 23.— Mr. A. Jamieson, Haigh Hall,
Wigan, would be pleased to recommend Two young Men, as
above. In present situation three years, leaving through
reduction.— For particulars, apply as above.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and SALES-
MAN, to take charge of Nursery.— Age 29, single;
thirteen years' practical experience m all branches for Market
and Cut purposes. Good references.— H., 29, Macklin Street,

ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 28;

fourteen years' experience in Market Nurseries. Good
Salesman. Permanency required.— H. EDEN, Sharman's Cross,
Solihull, Birmingham.

JOURNEYMAN (Fihst), in the Houses.—
Age 22 ; nine years' experience ; good recommendations.
—J. N., 42, Hamilton Koad, We.it Norwood, S.E.

JOURNEYMAN (Fiest), in the Houses.—
Age 23 ; four years good character. Mr. MaOKAT,
Gardener, Maristow, Eoborough, South Devon, can confidently
recommend a young man as above.

JOURNEYMAN (Fihst), in a good establish-
ment.—Age 21 ; two years in la5t situation with a Noble-
man. Can be well recommended.— R. WEBB, Post Office.
Duxford, Cambs.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, with Florist
or Market Grower.— Age 28 ; good character.— X. Y.,
16, Heatou Koad, Peckham Rye, S.E.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
Age 20; ftve years in present situation. Good character.
— W. SEBLEY. The Gardens, Woodhall Park, Hertford.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 19.—
Mr. G. T. Miles, The Gardens. Wycombe Abbey, can
thoroughly recommend a very deserving vonng man as above. —
A. UPHILL, East Heath, Wokingham, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses— Age 21;
three years in present situation. Good recommenda-
tion. Bothy preferred.— S. H. SNELL, The Daison, St. Mary
Church, Torquay.

JOURNEY'MAN, in the Houses, in a good
establishment. — Age 2.T : eight years' experience. Can
be well recommended.— G. BAKER, Station Road, Billings-
hurst. Sussex.

JOURNEYMAN ; age 21.— Mr. D. Melville,
late Head Gardener, St. Vincent's, Grantham, can con-
fidently recommend a young Man as above. Seven years'
experience. — Handsworth. near Sheffield.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good.
establishment. — Age 22; eight years' experience Inside
and Out. Good reference. — C. B,, 14, Grove Terrace, Church
End, Finchley, N.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21,
single. — F. Wareham wishes to recommend H. Hull as
above, where a honest steady sober youn^ man is required.
Seven years' experience. Over two years with advertiser. — H.,
44, Beehive Buildings, Wimbledon, S.W.

IMPROVER; age loj. — A Lady recommends
the son of her Gardener. A'ery tall and strong. Has
had some experience. — Miss HODGSON, Hernewood, Sevenoaks.

To Nurserymen and Market Growers.

IMPROVER. — Young ; used to Cucumbers,
Tomatos, and Cut Flowers.— S. W. D., Kingston Villa,
Bletchley Road, Blelchley, Bucks.

FERN GROWERS' ASSISTANT, or other-
wise. — Age 19; accustomed to Potting, Tying, &c. Five
years' experience and character. Now engaged in Private
Nursery.— J. P., 6, Stamford Road, East Ham, Essex.

To NURSERYTiIEN.- A young man (age 23)
seeks a situation under a Foreman. Thorough knowledge
of Growing Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, &c. Quick at
Wreath and Bouquet Making. Also good Salesman. — S. S.,
11, Lansdowne Terrace, Woolcott Park, Bristol.

TO GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN.—
Wanted, by a young man (age 20), a situation in the
Houses. References from a Loudon Nursery and country
establishment. — .JAMES GENT, Burnham Market, Lynn
Norfolk.

TO NURSERY'MEN.— Situation wanted in a
Nursery by a young man (age 22). Nine years' experience.
Good character from present and previous employers. — T. B. F.,
The Gardens, Ellenborough House, Eoehampton Lane, S.W.

TO GARDENERS. — Situation wanted, by a
respectable lad, under an experienced Gardener, in
Nursery or Gentleman's Grounds. Two years' good character.
—P. P.. Highbury House, St. Leonards.

TRAVELLER. — To represent good Nursery.
Many years on the road. Wholesale or retail. — Address
in fir-^t instance. TRAVELLER. Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SALESMAN.— Wanted by Advertiser, situa-
tion as Salesman ; well known in the Trade. Good
references. — Apply, in first instance, to C. R., 1, Osman Koad,
Lower Edmonton.

Q HOPMAN, or ASSISTANT, in Large Firm.

-Age 27, Scotchman ; twelve j^ars' experience. At

SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 21 ; five years'
experience. Good knowledge of Plant and General
Nursery Stock and Seed Trade in all branches.— Mr. HAKDLNQ,
St. Neot's, Hunts.

TO FLORISTS. — Young Lady wishes to
Learn the Business. Would give time and pay a small
Premium.— v., 22, Burton Cref^cent, London, W.C.

To Nuraerymen.

HANDYMAN.— Can Work at Building or
Repairing in Wood. Glass. Iron Piping, Cement, &c.
Steady.— M. C, 4, Bridge Street, Kilburn, N.W.

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS.— The Great Need.—
The blood is the life and on its purity depends our
health, if not our existence. These Pills thoroughly cleanse
this vital fluid from all contaminations, and by that power
strengthen and invigorate the whole system, healthily stimu-
late sluggish organs, repress over-excited action, and establish
order of circulation and secretion throughout every part of the
body. The balsamic nature of Holloway's Pills commends
them to the favour of debilitated and nervous constitutions,
which they soon resuscitate. They dislodge all obstructions,
both in the bowels and elsewhere, and are, on that account,
much sought after for promoting regularity of action in young
females and delicate persons who are naturally "weak, or who
from some cause have become so.

148

TBE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JntT 30, 1887.

BOULTON & PAUL'S
CUCUMBER FRAMES

Are always in stock, ready to be pent o£f on rereipt of order.
They are made of best sound red deal, saw-n from the best trees
in the forest to our own requirements, and seasoned in a proper
manner. The FRAMES are of l^ineh boards, 24 inches high
at back, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the comers,
easily taken to pieces if required. The LIGHTS are 2 inches
thick, with iron bar across and one handle at the top, and
the whole painted four coats. The glass is ENGLISH 21-oz.
weight. PACKED and sent CARRIAGE PAID to any station
in England and Wales, also to Dublin, Belfast, Londonderry,
Cork, Glasgow, and stations equivalent.

Cases are allowed in full when returned.

2- LIGHT FR.ViME

No. 7o.— Cucumber and Melon Frame. All sires m stock.
CASH PRICES,

Including the Use of Packing Oases.

Length. Width. Price.

... 8 feet by 6 feet ... £3 6 0

... 12 feet by 6 feet ... 4 12 6

... 16 feet by 6 feet ... 6 0 0

6 „ 20feetby 6feet ... 7 7 6

6 „ 24feetby 6feet ... S 15 0

Smaller framw are made. See LISTS, post-free.

CATALOGUES

of Greenhouses, Heating Apparatus, Garden Frames in every
variety. Garden Implements, Water Carts, Pumps, and every-
thing required for Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, post-free on
application.
LbTIMATEb for Greenhou'^ei free on receipt of particulars
LADIEb and GENTLEMEV waited upon by appointment
in any part of the Kingdom

NORWICH.

THOMAS'S TRAINING TRELLISES

Nu. t\. GALXAXISKD AFTER MADE.

For Training Peas instead of

Training Plants to Walls, &c.

Is Panels.
6 feet by 3 feet ... 28. each.
6 feet by 4 feet ... 3a. each.
6 feet by 6 feet ... 4S. each.
Also used for training plants,
made any size to order.
6-inch 4-inch 3-inch 2-inch l^inch mesh.

2d. 3d. 3^d. 4d. 4Jd. per foot super.

GALVANISED WIRE NETTING.

Improved Machine-made.

Greatly Reduced Prices per Roll of 60 Yards.

^ cwt.

Special Quotations for Large
Quantities.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362, EDGWAEE ROAD. LONDON, W.

BOULTON & PAUL,

PORTABLE CUCXJMBEB FRAMES

RHALLIDAY and CO desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Framei
of whRh they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by auy one.
Prices delivered to any station in England :— £ s. a.

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p..i,,„„ ( 3 10 0
3-lightframe, I2feetby6feet>-„^°f''j,5„^ 6 5 0
B-Iight frame, 24 feet by 6 feet ( '^'^'^ "'" ( 10 0 0
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

W. H. LASCELLES &. CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILUERi

121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.C.

W H LASCELLEb and cO will give Estimates for e%ery
description of HORIICULTURAL W URK, free of charge, and
Bend competent assisUnts when neceswary.

LASCm^LES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunliill Row, London. E.G.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings. Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabsfor Walls. Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application.

Water-Barrow
Combined.

This implement is well
adapted for both large
and email gardens. It
13 strong and well made
and not liable to get
out of order.
CASH PRICES

(Carriage Paid):
15 gallon size. £3 15s.
20 „ ., £4 hs.
25 .. „ £4 lbs.
PIUUPS for domestic
I ml garden purpose,s,
iiird^n Engines, Water
(iirniw.s. manufactured
NEW GENERAL CATALOGUE Bent free.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

STEVEN BROS & C»
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

4- UPPER THAMES S'' LONDON. EC.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWOSKS. STOURBRIDGE,

Tlie Best

and Quickest

Made.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipe.s, 9 feet long. 4j. 3rf. each;

4-in. Socket Hot- water Pipe.s, 9 feet long, 4s. 6rf. each.

Pull Illustrated Beviscd Price List on application.

HY. VAN & CO.

(The Oldest Lon-Jon House in llie Trade. Estd. U8(i).

17, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

/"„ I, t~l ( 1/ l/'lf I 1 s I >fi,^

PROTECTION FOR FRUIT AND FLOWERS

GAKDEN NETTING, 2 yards wide, IJrf., or per 100 yardi,
10s. ; ditto, 4 yards wide, 3d., or per 100 yards, 20s.

SCRIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, id.; IJ yard, 4jci. ; and
2 yards, Qd. per yard.

TrFFANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. 6d. per piece.

SHADING BLINDS made up any size.

RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, Com and Potato SACKS,
FLAGS, TENTS, &c.. for Sale or Hire.

TOBACCO PAPER. RAFFIA, and Garden MATS «f all kinds.

g. ESTABLISHED, A.D. 1818. UCMpV URPP

J/orticiiItural Biulder and
J/ot-ifater EngiTieer,

65, Lionel St., Birmingham.

Plans and Estimates on

application.

t to any part of the Kingdom.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Regit^tered Trade Mark )

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the C03t.

U.sed in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has alood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can btj
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price \s. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station. Is. Sd. per gallon In caakA of 3ti, 20, or
10 gallons.

f1 A Tjn^Tfl A7 Every cask bears the above Registered

^-^ ^ J-J^ L/J.V. Trade Mark. Beware of cheap
imitations.

HILL & SMI TH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47 Dawson Street Dublin.

ARNEirb ( \J III N E^GINES

AND W \ni 1 M I nS

7 W r r Si S t Fxl 1 t s h 11 t C 1 tta,

N e Londo \ en a Ar 1 e m Majei e Brabant Brussels,
Ac, and TwoSilver Medals awarded by the Royal Horticultural
Society. Manufacturers of Garden Syringes, Fountains, &c.
Illustrated PRICE LISTS upon application to

JOHN WARNER AND SONS, Hydraulic and Horticultural
Engineers, The Crescent Foundry, Cripplegate, E.G. ; and the
Foundry Works, Walton-on-the-Na/e, Essex. To be obtained
at every Ironmonger and Plumber in the Kingdom.

Editorial Communications should be a.ldre»sed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher,' at the Offlce, 41, We Imgton Street Covent Garden. London WC.
I^iS b» wS^M Bio^ra at the Offlce of Messrs. Bbadbubi, Askew & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Wh.tefnars, Ctyof London in the County of Middlesex, and published by th«
»ad wSiii toS^ rt totofflo^, 41, wrufngton Street, Pari.h ol St, Pauls, Covent Garden, in the iaid Oouaty.-SATUBDAT, July 30, 1887. Agent for Manohester-JoHK HsTWOOD.

Established i84i

No. 32.-VOL. II. {i:^Z}

SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1887.

[Regt. as a Newspaper.

(Price Sd.

CONTENTS.

Adiantum, proliferous ...
Books I—

All about ludiarubber
and Gutta-percha ...

Handbook of Feru
Allies

Life of Charles Darwin

School flora

Camj.hor in Taiwau

Chiswick note^

Cinchona in Java
Cypripedium superbiena .
Dendrobium pulchellum .
Eucomis pallidiflora
Fruit crops, condition of

the 158,

Fruits under glass
Hardy fruit garden
Kitchen garden, the
Obituary ;—

Sherwin, W

Odontoglossum Harrya-

,, -l-staiiroides Graves-

Orchid houses
I Oxford, garde

3 of

1 the Oak .

Palms, garde.
: Phyllo
I Plants and their cultu
Portland cement
' Roses at Peterborough ...
: Eoyal Horticultural So-

I ciety

Selnginella Jeomani

I ,. potaroensis

Silver Fir at Roseneath .

I Societies : —

I Edinburgh Botanical...

Liverpool Horticultural

Northamptonshire Hor-

ticultural

Royal Horticultural ...
Scottish Arboricultural
Southampton Horti-
cultural

Sweet Peas, new

Tomatos, disease of
Watering plants

Cypripediu

Dactylium

Odontoglossum Harryani
PhiladeTphus microphyll
Silver Fir at Roseneath .

Illustrations.

iperbiens, monstrous form of

Now ready, in cloth, lis. €d.

THU GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1837.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, VT.C.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS,— All Numbers
of the " Gardeners' Chronicle " fro7n January 1
of this year are still to be had.

MAIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL SHOW will be held in the Grounds of Brav-
wick Lodge, on THURSDAY, AugustlS, 1887. Schedules can be

"X'p-kTottage, Maidenhead. Mr. O. KING, Secretary.

CALNE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—
The TWENTY-THIKD ANNUAL EXHIBmON will be
held in Bowood Park on the 2.3rd inst., when Prizes to the
value o£ ONE HUNDRED and SEVENTY POUNDS will be
offered. Amongst othere are the following, open to all

12 Vara. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, £li, £10, £5.

9 Ornamental Foliage Plants, £10, £5, £2 10s,

8 Exotic Ferns, £4, £2 Vis. £1 10s.
36 Roses, Cut Flowers, Cup or £5, 50s., 30s.

ILTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S

SHOW, Salisbury, AUGUST 25, 1887. ON'E HUNDRED
and FIFTY POUNDS in Prizes. Schedules on application to
W. H. WILLIAJIS, Hon. Sec.

TheN

Salisbury.

NATIONAL SEED and NURSERY TRADE
ASSOCIATION.
The COJIMrrTEE Hereby Offer a PRIZE of TEN GUINEAS
for an ESSAY upon the Subject of "THE CAUSES OF THE
PRESENT DEPRESSION IN AGRICULTURE." The Competi-
tion is unrestricted, and Essays must be lodged on or before the
1st of January next with D.IVID HUNTER, S.S.C., 29, Dundas
Street, Edinburgh. Secretary of the Association.

NEWCASTLE AUTUMN

FLOWER SHOW, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY', and
FRIDAY, August 31. and September 1 and 2, 1887 (altered
from Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, August 30, 31, and
September 1) in the Royal Jubilee Exhibition Grounds, Largest
Prize List ever offered by the Society, including FliTY
POUNDS Jubilee Fruit Prize. For Schedules, apply to

Mr. JAS. J. GILLESPIE, Secretary.
Cross House Chambers, Westgate Road, Newcaatle-on-Tyne.

E

Cri

LARGE CAMELLIAS. — A Bargain, — 10
large CAMELLIAS, from 7 to 9 feet high, and 4 to 5 feet
through, all in pots or tubs, and the very picture of health.
They were the property of a Gentleman lately deceased, and
must be sold to realise. A grand chance for any one requirmg
<luantities of Cut Flowers.— Applv in the first instance to
CHAS. RYLANCE am>CO.. Bold'L;uie Nursery, near Orraskirk.

Camellias, Azaleas. Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Hai.t, gruwii siirc.ally for English use.

CVUYLSTEKK, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. K. SILBERRAD axd SON, 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London, E.G.

New Roses in Pots.

LIST of the most select sorts now ready,

Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of beat sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality.
SAMPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in 5-inch pota, carefully

packed for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 155.
HALF a DOZEN ditto, on receipt of 8s.
EWINO AND CO.,
Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hampshire.

AST LOTHIAN STOCK,

for present sowing. Very superior strain. Scotch

saved. Crimson. Purple, Scarlet, and White.
■aa and White Wallflower-leaved, Is., 2s. 6rf., and 5s. pkt.
IRELAND iXD THOMSON. 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

Primula chlnense, fl. albo-pleno.

DOUBLE WHITE PKIMUL A.—
From small pots, 30s. per 100 ; from pans, pricked off,
well-rooted cuttings, 20s. Free to any railway station in the
United Kingdom. Good arrival guaranteed. Price for larger
quantities on application.

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany,

A Few Large Healtliy

PALMS, 3 to 5 teet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamterops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N,

DAFFODILS, — Hartland's famous stocks now
ready for delivery. LISTS free.
DAFFODIL IRISH PRINCEPS, magniticent sample for forcing.
Write for quotation.
WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware
house, 21. Patrick Street, Cork.

Ferns— Ferns— Fems,

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS," LONDON.

To Orchid Growers.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London, are offering splendid PEAT, in fact no better
obtainable. Samples can be seen at above addjess, or forwarded
on application if required.

ANTED, BUDS for Budding of TEA

ROSES, Comtesse de NadaiUac, Honble. Edith Giffard,

Princess of Wales, Souvenir de Gabrielle Drevet, and H.P. Lady

Mary FitzwiUiam. WiU EXCHANGE or PURCHASE for

Cash. Offers to

FRANK CANT, Rose Grower. Colchester.

C QUELC H AND B A R N H A M,

O North Row, Covent Garden, W.C.. are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCU.VIBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS. &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily; Cheques weekly, or aa preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

\| ESSRS. UKEGOKY and EVANS,

iTj. NUKSERYMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 28«, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C., are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

w

K

To the Trade,
AITE, NASH, AND CO. have Posted their

BULB CATALOGUE to all their Customers. If not
received another Copy will be forwarded on application.
79, South wark Street, Loud .n, S.E.

ICKSON, BROWN, and TAIT, Seei smeN,

43 and 45, Corporation Street, Manchester, h ,e been
appointed, by Royal Warrant, SeedMerchants to HIsRoyal High-
ness the Prince of Wales.

QCHUBEUTIA GRANDIFLOKA, new and

O fine white-flowered Climber for Warm Greenhouse. 7s. 6d.
SAXIFRAGA CUSCUTiEFOR.\IIS, Is. [and 10s. M.

MESEMBRYANTHS, and other SUCCULENT PLANTS, made

GILBERT DAVIDSON, Wemoleu, Ammanford, B,S.O.,
South Wales.

Hyaolntha, Tulips, Crocus, &c.

WHOLESALE TRADE CATALOGUE
now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on appli-
cation. Low prices. First-class bulbs.

B. J. LOMANS, Bulb Grower, Haarlem.

C^ ERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
A The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

T7TNEST LILY OF THE VALLEY

X CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustay A. Schultl,
Berlin. For price \vrite to

JACOB AND VALENTIN, 66, Cheapside, London, E.C.

E L W A Y AND SON.

KELWAY'S "MODEL" CALCEOLARIA.
KELWAYS "MODEL" CINERAIUA.
Price of Seed on application.
Langport, Somerset.

URICULA PLANTS. — Winning Show

Varieties, for Sale; also Alpines and Seed from beautiful
strains. Potting time.

F. POHLMAXiV, Parkinson Lane. H:ilifax.

RIM ULAS— PIUMULAS— PKLM ULAS.—

Eighteenth year of distribution. Williams" Superb
Strain, Is. tirf. per dozen ; 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same
price. Package and carriage free. Volonte Nationale alba,
the best winter white PELARGONIUM, strong rooted plants,
Is. each.

JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on appliciition to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London. E.C.

Begonias a SpeclEQty.

LAING'S BEGOJS I AS,— Awarded the Jubilee
Gold Medal at Manchester, and two Gold Medals by the
Royal Horticultural Society previously, also 26 Fir^t-clasa
Certificates this season, to our novelties, being evidence of
quality. Descriptive Price LIST free on application.
JOHN LAING AND CO.. The Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel

O & Sox's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, 3rf.— W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samplea of the
• above-named Seed>i suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing E--tabIi9hment, Wisbech.

Important Notice.

To Florists. Set-dsmeu. Horticultural Builders, &c.
Plants, Flowkrs, Fruits and Veqetables a Specialty,

WM. J. WELCH begs to call particular
attention to his productions for
ILLUSTRATING BOoKS, MAGAZINES, CATALOGUES,
and for ADVERTISING PURPOSES.
For Specimen'^ see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1883 to 1886.
ADDREflfl ;— 35, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

150

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 6, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Friday Next.

VAIUASLE BRAZILIAN and other ORCHIDS.

MESSKS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, G7 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C.,
on FRIDAY NEXT, Aagust 12. at half-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, a quantity of choice BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS, just
received in excellent condition, comprising, amongst others,
Leelia purpnrata, Cattleya Leopoldii, Zygopetalum Gautieri,
LycasteHarrisonte; also a fine lot of the rare and exceptionally
beautiful CATTLEYA SCHRODER^, with broad and distinct
looking leaves; C. SUPERBA SPLENDENS, true, from Rio
Brancu. and the finest form in existence, with large and bril-
liant blossom ; C.ELDORADO SPLENDENS, from the Orinoco
Kiver, \iifh fine healthy green foliage; C. LOBATA, ONCI-
DIUM SARCODES, SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA, LiELIA
DAYANA, SOPHRONITIS CERNUA, ONCIDIUM LI.M-
MINGHII, ODONTOGLOSSUM PULCHELLUM MAJUS,
BUBLINGTONIA LMFERIALIS, CATTLEYA INTERMEDIA,
and many other ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutch Bulbs,

SPECIAl TRADE SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and (38, Cheapside, E.G., on MONDAY, August 15,
THURSDAY^, August 18, also on August 22, 25, 27, and 29,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NAKCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality. The lots in these Sales are specially made up to suit
the Trade and other large buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Flowering Orchids.— Special Sale, August 30.

MESSRS. PKOTIIliROE ani. JlOlMUS
desire to announce that their next .SPEfl.U. SALE of
ORCHIDS in FLOWER will take place as above, lor which
they will be glad to receive N'olice of Entries in due course.

Dutch Bulbs.- Trade Sales.

MR. J. C. STEVEiS'S begs to announce that
his FIRST SALE of DUTCH BULBS this Season will
take place at his Great Rooms, 3y, King Street, Covent Garden,
W.C, on MONDAY, August 15, at halt-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, and will consist of lots specially suited for the Trade
and other large buyers.

N.B.— The Sales will after this Date take place every MON-
DAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY.

Special Sale of Orchids in Flower.

MR. J. C. STKNl'LXS bt-tjs t(. aiiii.iunce that
his NEXT .SAI.K,,f li];i'HlllS 111 Klnu.r mid Bud will
take place atliii (in-.it Kcmi-, ::-. Knis; str..i. c.iv.iit (iardeii,
W.C, on WEDNESllAY, Aii-n.t 17. lui'l !"■ "ill l.i- S^ImX if
Gentlemen desirous of KNl KKINi i I'l, V.MS l.,r llii^ SALE
will Jilease send purticuhir, m.l liit.T lliiii TIIIK.SIHY NKXT.

London, S.W.— Eare Opportunity.

FOR SALE, in consequence of retirement of
owner, an extremely lucrative and Old-established
GENERAL NURSERY BUSINESS. Compact Premises and
Grounds. In main thoroughfare. Long lease, at a moderate
rental.

Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., to whom the business is w^ll
known, and who are pleased to recommend it as a really
genuine going

FOR SALE, in consequence of Mr. Imrie's
death, the old-established and well-known NURSERY
BUSINESS 80 successfully carried on for upwards of sixty
years at Ayr. The Grounds extend to about 40 Acres, adjoin-
ing the Railway Station, and are well stocked with saleable
Trees and Shrubs. Further particulars on application to
IMRIE AND. COMPANY. The Nurseries, Ayr, N.B.

TO- BE LET or SOLD, a valuable
FREEHOLD NURSERY, with Cottage, situated at
Crooms Hill, Greenwich. About an acre walled in ; half
under glass. All fittings ; water laid on. Only parties
with substantial means need apply to

"ANCHOR" BREWERY, Lewisham, S.E.

To Florists, &c.

TO BE LET or SOLD, on Bexley Heath,
8 new GREENHOUSES. 200 by 12 and 15 feet, now
planted with Tomatos. Room to erect more. Apply,

W. G. BAILEY, Florist, The Nurseries, Bexley. Kent.

TO BE LET, a Small NURSERY, in the
North of London. 8 (ilasshouses. Pits, &.C,, heated
with Hot-water; Potting Shed, and Ground. Good Local Trade
done. Rent £.10 per annum to a good tena-ut, or Lease for
21 years would be sold. A[jply by letter, to the Agent of thi-
PEAT ASSOCIATION. 10, CuUum Street. E.G.

O BE LET, a NURSERY, FLOKI.s'l

and SEED BUSINESS, in one of the best suburbs (S.W
of London. There is no other near it. Dwelling-house, Shuw

Littleton, near Sbepperton Railway Station,

TO LET, on LEA.^E,' a MAIIKET GARDEN,
embracing an area of 4 acres, 2 roods, 23 perches, walled
in and well cropped witli Fruit Trees. On the land is a brick-
built Detached Cottage, containg 3 bed-rooms, and 'I sitting-
rooms, a Leau-to Potato Shed. Wood Shed, Open Shed, Potting
Shed, Fruit Room (fitted with shelves), a Tool Shed, 2 Stoke-
holes, and a Mushroom Shed. There are also 2 Leaii-tu
Vineries {with large fruiting Vines), a Span-roofed Con-.ervii-
tory (with hot-water piping), an Orange House, and a lit-h^lit
brick lit. Rent on a 7. li or 21 years' Lease, J£oO per uimuui.
Apply to Mr. C. CHARLES HORNE, Littleton, near Staint-s.

FRUITERER and FLORIST'S, with Jobbing
Ga^lening. Rare opportunity. Close to suburban
station, and the only shop iu the Trjide where all passengers
must pass. 80,000 visitors last Bank Holiday. Stock, [goodwill,
and all at £150. Rent only £30.

Apply, F. A. CREW, St. Mary's Grove Richmond. S.W.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

TO LET, at Michaelmas next, about 1.3J acres
of LAND, at Plaistow, situated in the Prince Ilegent's
Lane, and close fo the Barking Road. For particulars apply to
Messrs. CLrrrON, 9, Whitehall Place. S.W.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES b, l.r lilsl'(lSEl) OF.

MESSRS. PKdl IIIlKii; AND MORRIS'
HORTlCULTn; \ I ili.^ iil: contains full parti-
I. fjratis, at

li-i.- I, lull, E.C.

CAAIUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect

O House, Helper, Derbyshire, begs to offer the following, of
which he makes a Specialty : —

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS — PRIMULAS. — Grand Premier
Prize and Covent Garden strains of the finest new colours, as
Pure White. Carmine, Rose. Salmon, Crimson, &c. Fine large
trusses and beautifully fringed flowers ; strong planta, to bloom
well, Is.3rf. perdoz; extra strong. Is. 6rf.: 9.t. perlOO. All free.

CINERARIAS. — Bull'
iipact hnbit and most
. ..Yi.,.|i.-,) Good plants,

CINERARIAS — CINERARIAS

celebrated prize strain, dwarf,
brilliant colours; cannnt |i..^>iili)v
Is. 3f/. per dozen; extr:i -imm,/ i

CYCLAMEN — CY< 'I. ^ Ml '■ ■ \^\ WW '. .Same grand
strain and from the s:ini ■ J I have senl

out for the last twenty \ ■■ h--. I.ui v-. ii d .,,! i 1h' liilt-it improve-
ments in colour, size, form, and habit, lyiiimlil plants, Is.^d.
per dozen ; extra strong, 2.5. ; 10s. per 100. All carriage free.
SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist. Prospect House, Belper.

EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCKS.

THOMA8 METHVEN and SONS
offer their choice strain of the above, in five varieties,
viz.. Scarlet, Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved,
at 1^., 2s. Gd., and 5s. each colour. Price to the Trade on
application.

By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen.
Edinburgh.

8(4 (Win CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OU^UV/V finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the llowcrs of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
planta ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-inoh pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AKD CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

STRAWBERRIES.

CHARLES TURNER'S
NEW AND DESCRIPTIVE LIST

M now ready, and may be had post-free on appliaition.
THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLOUGH.

^iGiSsfe

n

EARLY White ROMAMYACIHTHS,

EARLY-FLOWERING NARCISSUS,
And all other Bulbs for Early Forc'iiu/.

Finest qualities. Delivered Carriage Fn.'e.

•tyRe-QueeR's-l)eGGl§sr2eRy

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion Price, ti-; per bushel (Is. extra
pnr bii-h^l fnr inikiif^e), or 6rf. per
, ik, . In, U ,,,r .lix-st. Is.

N n _ I nil ^ in -sealed pack-
Up' -. Lii I I r 111 1 I uUiiral directions
til. Ins. 1,\\i1I, irsi^natureattached.

WM. CUTBUbH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N.

NARGISS AND ALL OTHER BULBS.

Priced CATALOGUE of our unequalled
stock Post-free on application.

James Dickson & Sons"

}CHESTER.

108 l':.\STGATE ST
'NEWTON' NUESEBmS

PEAT — PEAT
Very superior, for Sale. Sent
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forestei
Mount Mascal Estate, North Cray, Kent.

PEAT. —

ly quantity, to any

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs, Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thrip, Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, &c., &c.
PERFECTLY ) *« "« Hands antl Skin but ^11 cure
„ Einaworm in Animals, and all Diseases

HARIVILcSS J produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A romlu'iiatiDn of ITvilroc-nrbnn Oils, mo.le soIiiMo in
Wat.r. for Destroying ALL INSEOTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, wlietlier at the Roots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and fhr-inists. Is.M, 5s. Cd. & (s.Rd;

4 gallon 7s. 6d, 1 }i:ill..n 1-^. i»l, oilfs, in li.iBvi-qUi.i.litifs.

ATrcatlse on FIR TREE OIL .ns an INSECTICIDE,

its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, hy the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester,

mm].. -:,!..•: II lii: ,vr,,., I '.riM^y. R.pfr, F..wle[: & Co.;

C. E. O^M \s i- < 11 ; and fmiii all tlic London Seed Mer-
chaiit-i and Wliolosale ratJ?ut Medicine Houses. NKW
YORK-RoLKEB i Soss.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

T/irou-s a fine
.tprai/ 20 ft., and
iijeisOft., tvith
(jreut force.

A splendid
snhstitufe fur the
Si/riii(/efor uxiiiff
Insecticide, Price
2os. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45s.
Carriao'e Paid.

HUGHES'

I^APHICIDE

'fc 1/6

HUGHES'

GREEN&creaihcolorSHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applird — Latts all the

Summer, and can then be easily washed olf. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixinff Bloom of Azalea.'*, |J| I I f^ U P O '

&c., and for Out Flowers. ^1 U \jin bO

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great lioon tr. Fl.>rist.s and aU lovers of Flowers, Diiea
instantlv. ,'i<.ld in botdcs. Is. & 2s. I'er post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

.-^-! Blecdinf? after rniningr.

linfr the flow of sap in Vines being

fi and i «. Per post, 3d. extra.

For Vr
Vcn-effritunl iu

£;S'^;;Sii::;:i:M:::;;^^::::te: HUGHES'
TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most f'tlr<1u;il in (hcrnhouses,— for Animals and Bed
C'tuthiniT. I'n.r. liij.. Is. & 2/(J. Per post 3d. extra.

" E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, %S?J?^«

VtOTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

AcGosT 6, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' GHI^ONICLE.

151

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 105. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plaut Beds, at l&s, per ton.
Orchid Peat, 6.<. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, Is, id. per
bag. SIL\'ER SAND, cc«irse or fine, lis. per ton.

WALKKl! iNIi CO.. FaniUiro' Station, Hants.

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7 6 12/6 20/-
CLAY & LEVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD. LONDON, E.

The Best Manure for aU Horticultural ifurposes Is

RICHAKD MANN ANt. CO. 'S
UNIVERSAL FEKTILISEK. '
It is the most effective and permanent fertiliser in the
market. We have taken over 1000 First Prizi'S for Plants,
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables grown with this Manure. In
tins. Is. ; bags, 7 lb., 2s. id. ; 14 lb., 4s. id. ; 28 lb.. Is. id. ;
66 lb., V2s. id.; 112 lb., 20s.. alp carriage paid. We also
supply finest quality Fish Guano, pure Dissolved Bones, and
Crushed Bones, in 1 cwt. bags, 10s., carriage paid. Dr.
Voelcker's Analysis guaranteed. Cash with order,

RICHARD M.iNN and CO., Howaen, East Yorkshire.

JENSEN'S

Every grain fertilizes because the Guiino is pf rfectly
pure. It is most economical, one part of Manure to

100 parts of Boil being ample for garden use.
Write for Pamphlet, Testimonials and Instructioue.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker's analysis guaranteed. FISH-POT.ASII
oontains Ammonia, Pho3)ihates and Potash in large
proportions, which are the principal elements of
fertilization.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins, Is. ; in Bags, 7 lbs., 2s. ; 141bs.,

4s. ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d.; 56lbs., lOs. 6d. : 1 cwt.,

16s.; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED,

10, St. Helen's Place, London. E.G.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

DOUBLE ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

James Veitch & Sons

USUAL CONSIG

THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING,

and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.

KOYAL EXOTIC NUESERY, KING'S IIOAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

CROiVIPTON & FAWKES,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HEATI.NG ENGINEEES,

CHELMSFORD.

Ine.rpensive Artistic
Architectural

CONSERVATORIES.

Particulars and Price of Conservatory to
annexed design, also profusely Illustrated
BOOK, containing numerous other Designs
of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Eauges
of Hothouses, Vineries, Forcing Houses.
&c., recently erected, fitted, and heated
by us in different parts of the country
post-free on application.

Clients -waited on and Surveys made in
any part of thecountry. Plans, Estimates,
minute details, and reliable suggestions
and information regarding every descrip-
tion of Horticultural Buildings — based on
many years' experience — supplied free of

The efficiency of all Heating Apparatus,
Boilers, Fittings, &c., designed and con-
structed by us guaranteed.

JARMAN'S BULBS,

FOli EARLY FORCING.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, White, fine selected

rnnl,, L'.. \„-r .lozen, ISs. per lUO.

NARCISSUS, Double Eoman, Is. M. per doz.,

U'.v. ip.T 100.
,, I'apor White, Is. 6rf. per dozen, IO5. per 100.

TULIPS, Duo Van Thol, scarlet and yellow,

8(/. per dozen. 4s. per 100.

All Carriage Free. Catalogues Gratis and Post-free.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN
CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

■\MNE BORDERS. — Gardeners about to

\ Jluke New Vine Borders, &c., can be supplied \yith
some ri.h YELLOW FFEROUS LOAM (top spit from an old
juLstiire) at a reasonable price. Carriage paid. Send for price
and sample, post-free.— ERINKWORTH ASD SONS. Reading.

G GARDEN and FARM REQUISITES.—
r Archangel, Petersburg, Garden and Packing MATS o£
every description. RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, and CLOTH;
GREENHOUSE SHADINGS of all kinds; PEAT, LOAM,
SILVER-SAND, and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE; GARDEN
NETTING and TOOLS ; RICK-CLOTHS and TARPAULINS
for sale or hire; MARQUEE, TENT, and FLAG Makers;
JUBILEE TENT, 25s. each, complete.

SLY. DIBBLE AND CO., 129, Commercial Street, London, E.
Illustrated Catalogues post-free.

GISHtTRST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s.. and lOs. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and Is., from the Trade.

p ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,

V!X Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,

Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of

WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G.

w

ARNEE'S GARDEN ENGINES

VNI W4TEP BARR WS

of the

& n 1 T o b 1 er M ial

So ety Manufa ture i of Gard<

lUustr ted PRICE LISTS upon appl cat

held It Calcutta,

Brab nt Brussels,

d d by the Ro) al Hort ultural

3ge Founta ns &c.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted ; —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ ,, ,, 4 15 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 3 15 0

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ ,, 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

R. HALIilDAY & CO.,

Hothouse ISuilders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,

2, Holloway Road, N.

152

THE GABDENERS' GHBONICLE.

[August 6, 18S^

STANDEN'S MANURE

EstaUislicil 20 Years.

THIS OLD-ESTABLISHED MANURE
I,-. 1x1(1101% ledged by the leading practical Gardeners in
the Uiiiti d KiTiffdom and the Colonies to exceed all others iu
general fi rtilising properties and staying powers. It promotes
a rapid, I etilthy, and robust growth to plants generally. For
Vine$ it cannot be too highly recommended, and this fact is
fully •»u^■oined from the result obtained by its use in the hands
of som«- ■ f the most successful Grape growers. It is a clean
and dr\ rowder. with very little smell, which renders it par-
ticul ^r' adaptable for ladies interested in plant culture.

Tfie highly ftrtihsing properties of this Manure render its
m,onei/ viiue in compnrif^on v:ith other manures at lemt double ;
and uxers wilt find that very small quantities will produce
favourable results.

Sold in new and enlarged Tins, 1/-, 2/6,
5y'6, 10/6, and 21/- each ; and in Kegs at
reduced prices— 28 lb., 12/6; 561b., 23/- ;
1121b., 42/- each.

Mat/ be obtained from Nurserymen and Seedsmen in
the United Kingdom and the Colonies*

Sole Manufacturers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO, Ltd,,

London, E.O.

ELLIOTT'S IMPROVED

"SUMMER CLOUD" SHADING

For Glass Structnren that require Shading.

It combines EFFICACY with APPEARANCE, CONVE-
NIENC'E with ECONOMY, and its effects are LASTING.

Sold in packets, Is. each, with full directions for use, and in
bags, 7 lb., 12s. ; 14 lb., 22s. ; may be obtained from all Seeds-
men and NurserjTnen.

Sole Mannfacturers and Proprietors,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO, Ltd,

London, B.C.

Many years' experience has proved
this article the most certain and
efficacious remedy for the destruc-
tion of Daisies and Weeds on Lawns.
If used according to the directions,
it cannot fail to produce a healthy
and luxuriant growth of grass in
one application ; and to enable the
article to be in more general use it
is now offered at the following

REDTTCED PRICES,

Tins, is., 2b. €d., 5b. ; and in
Ktgs, i-cwt.. 88.; fc^^t. 16S.
1-cut. 30b.

Sold by all Nurserymen and Seedsmen,

Sole Manufacturers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO, LTD.,

London, E C.

XEE THAT rOV OBTAIN

FOWLER'S LAWN SAND,

All Packages liaTlng the name plainly attached.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per po^t, uf every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Keunard). Central Office and Sales Room, 75a, QueenVictoria
Street, E.C. , near Mansion House Station. Depot ; Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London. S.E.
Telegrams—" Floriculture, London." Established 1854.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

Id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),

40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack ; 6 sacks,

25s. ; sac'" '■* — *■
iCK FIB

4d. each.
COABSE SILVER SAND, Is. M. per bushel; 15s. per half

ton ; 2t)S. per ton, in 2-bushel bags. id. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAT-

MOULD, Is. per bushel
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. ed. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIROrN CORK. TOBACCO

CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS. &c. Writ« for Price LIST.—

H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury

Lane (lately culled 17a, Coal Yard), W.C.

GARDEN "S;
REQUISITES, vl

Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best l,ro» u fibrous ... bs. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. 6d.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6d. „ 6 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, estra selected Orchid 6s. M. ,, 6 sacks for 26s.

LOAM, best yellow libroua ... "J

PREPARED CO.MPOST, best Us. per bush.. 3s. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only f (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD, „ J

SILVER SAND, coarse, Is. M. per bush., 14s. half ton. 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... Sd: lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) Sd. lb.. 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 5s. per bushel.

CHUBB-S"PERFECT"FKR-S In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for ( . " ^

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 561b. 1 cwt.
Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, beat quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 el- 12/-

VIRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-

HciRl'IclI.TriiM, ('HARCiiAL, ditto, 2s. 6rf. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sai l<~, li. iMrh ; lu .^icks, ;is.; 15 sacks, 13s.; 20 Sacks, 17s.;
31.1 siiL'k-, L'.'iv. , 4ti siick-,, -51'v. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25.S-. Limiteil quantities of G.. special quality, granulated,
iu sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Caoh w'lth order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MttWALL, LONDON, E.

ORCHID PEAT.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London, E.C, havinp; just received the highe'^t of testi-
moniiils (unsolicited) from one of the largest Orchid Growers
in England, stating the 3 trucks of ORCHID PEAT lust re-
ceived, to be by far the best ever introduced, are therefore in-
duced to place this fact before consumers. Samples can be
seen at above address, or forwarded on application.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have also an estate with some good
GENERAL PEAT upon it.

TREPHOporORCHIDS.

For Potting. Rafts, Blocks. &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S.,

75a, queen victoria STREET, E.C. ; and

SWAN PLACE, OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all HortICITLTURai. ilEQtJisiTES post-free.
POTTERY of all descriptions.

THE ACME

L^^^^.;.*^^^

WEED-KILLEK, for destroying Weeds on Carriage Drives,
Ganlen Walks. Stable Yards. &c. Prices :— Per gallon, 2s.,
tins included ; 6 gallons, Is. 6(i. per gallon ; 10 gallons. Is id.
per gallon. One gaUon makes 26 gallons.

WORM-KILLER, for eradicating worms from Tennis
Courts, Lawns, and Plants in Pots. Prices : — In bottles.
Is. 3d. aud 2s. 6rf ; per gallon, 6s.

THE

' INVICTA " INSECTICIDE.

For destroying insects and parasites, such n-s mealy-bug,
scale, thrips, red spider, American blight, &c. I]i tins. Is. 3d.
and 2s. ed.; per gallon, ils.

The "INVICTA" MILDEW DESTROYER

Sole Proprietors and Mnnvfacturers,

THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY,

TONBRIDGE, KENT.

K,,M liy .S.-.-.i-ni, II I I'lorists.

NOTK.— There i> no liranrli ol' uur ln.-lness at Glasgow or
elsewhere, and we are not connected with any company of a
similar name.

SEEDLING PLANTS

OF CHOICE

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE
in offering the followiug, in strong, healthy, trans-
planted young stuff, from our superb strains.
Free by Post at prices quoted.

Per dozen. — s. d.
Auriculas, alpine. Very choice, strong young

plants for blooming next season

Calceolarias, herbaceous, splendid strain ... 2 6
Carnations and Picotees. From choicest named

Iluuers per 100, lOs. Gd. 1 6

,, y..'llow varieties 3 6

Cinerarias. Large flowered, very fine,

per 100, 10s. 6d. 1 6

Hollyhocks. Choicest double o 6

Primulas, Alba magnifica. Splendid pure white 3 6
,, Crimson King. Deep crimson, magnificent

colour 3 6

„ Queen of Whites. Very fine 3 6

,, Purpurea magnifica. Superb variety 3 6

,, The Bride. New dark-stemmed pure white,

splendid 3 6

,, Choicest red, white, or milted,

per 100, lOs. 6d. 1 6

,. Fern-leaved. Choice mixed „ lOs. Gd. 1 6

Primroses. High coloured hybrids, very choice

strain per 100, 10s. 6d. 1 6

Polyanthus, gold-laced. Fine „ 75. 6rf. 1 0

2 6

Primulas, double, pure white. Splendid for fumish-

iiij,'aii abuiuiaiir-' of cut llowcrs throughout the autumn
iinJ wintt T. WtfU-routed strong young plants, from
3-iuch pots, per 100, 42s.; perdoz., &s.; three for Is. 9d.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,
NORWICH.

SUTTON'S SEEDS

GENUINE ONIY DIRECTFROM READING.

VEGETABLE SEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING

ONION—

THE QUEEM.

SUTTON'S IMPEO\'ED KEADINO.

LETTXTCE—

Cos Varieties :

SlTToNS WrOTER WHITE.
SlTTdNS OHAJIPIO>f BROWN.
Cabbage Varieties ;

SUTTU-NS OEM.

SUTTON'S CO.^IMODORE NUTT,
For prices and full particulars of these and other Seeeds
for Present Sowing see Sutton's Amateur's Gulde, the
largest and most complete Seed Catalogue issued.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, is. per 100. Plants In small pots. 16s. per 100;
ditto in large pots. 2.is. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH aud CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

nU riti" ^-S^— MNNELL'S PfilMULAS-

200 ACRES

<, ceftainh

''ii^rc^^zzfj^^i^^^^^^^^^^

PRIMULAS—

Is. 6J. per dozen, lis. per 100; in pots, 16s. per 100.

cinerarias-
Is. per dozen. 7.';. per 100; in pots, 12s. per 100.

H. CANNEIiL & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWEKS. SWANLEY, KENT.

August 6, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHMONICLE.

153

WEBBS' SEEDS

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

CABBAGE.

WEBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE.

6d. and Is. per pu.kct : Is. 6d. per ouuco.

From Jlr. F. Habrisox, Gardener to the Right Hod. the

Earl of Derby.—" nVifi.-i' Emperor Cabbage was groxcn side

bysideiuith four other /.f/ii/v, arid was considered to be the

best of the lot. It is a gnind Cabbage."

Early Nonpareil Cabbage 83. peroun

Enfleld Market Cabbage 6d. ,.

Early Ralnbam Cabbage 8d. „

Ked DutcU or Pickling Cabbage ... 8d. ..

ONION. p„o.

Per rncket. s.

Webbs' Red Globe Tripoli 6d. 1

Large Flat Eed Tripoli 6d. 0

Giant Rocca 6d. 1

Wllte Lisbon 0

,f.

0
9
0
6

1KEI-: ny po^t or rail.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. tbe Queen
and H.R.H. tbe Prince of Wales,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

HOOPER & GO,, Lim.,

COVENT GARDEN LONDON.

BEGONIAS.

Per dozen, 4s., post-free.

GLOXINIAS.

Seeillingr! of our mn!;iiific.-iit strains, not emialkd bv nnv in
existence that we ar- aware of. The mo.t superb of house

plants. In tbumb-pots, 6s. dozen.

PETUNIA HOOPER'S EMPRESS.

A lively soft pink, i,-rfeetly double, and of splendid habit.
Is. each; 7s. 6d. dozen.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA.

A new plant of great merit. iJt'st iiinil t.;> 1;ike a prominent
position as one of the best no\et'.iH~ inlroihif d )".:.r mimy years,
it flowers profusely in clusters, shape of the Allamnnda, pure
white, deliciously scented, aod lasting a long time in water;
flowers large and of good substance. For cut blooms and
decorative purposes it is unique ; the culture most simple in
the ordinary greenhouse or conservatory.

lOs. 6d. and 21s. each.
HOOPER & CO., Limited, Covent Garden.

15,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LE.4BI>"G ^'ARIETIES,

Fine plants, in5^ and 6-inch pots, 12s., 15s., and 18s. per dozen,

according to size.

The Companv believa their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed bv

any in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free oil

application. ^^-^^ ,„ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ application.

THE LIVEBPOOL HORTICULTITRAIi CO.

(JOHN COWAS), Ll.MITED,

THE VINEYARD and NUKSEKIES, GARSTON,

NEAR LnTRPOOL.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive "List OF New, Rabe, and

Choice Ferns," and " Hardy North American Ferns,"

free on applicat'on.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FEEN NURBBRY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

Carters' Seeds

PRESENT SOWING.

CABBAGE -Carters' Early Heartwell.

IVonouneed to be the finest early Cabbage in cultiva-
tiuii. Very distinct. The heads are e.\tremely firm,
weighiuR from 4 to 6 lb.
In sealed packets only— Per pkt.. Is. & id. ; per oz., Is. ed.

All post free.

OABBACE— Carters' Mammotli Beefheart.

The best Main-crop Gar.len Cabbage iu cultivatiou ;
very large firm heads of exuuisite flavour, very few
outside leaves, and does not readily run. The finest
Summer Cabbage known.
In sealed packets — Per pkt.. Is. and Gd. ; per ounce, Is. Gd.

Price, per pkt., post free.
s. d.

CAKTKUS' UIANT WHITE COS erf. & 1 0

DUNNETT'S GIANT WINTER COS 6rf. & I 0

HARDY'S NORTHERN KINO COS I u

CARTERS' LONGSTANDER CABBAGE LET-
TUCE 2s. 6rf. & I 0

ALL THE YEAH ROUND CABBAGE LETTUCE ... 0 (i

Po^tfree. Peroz. Per pkt.

s. d. s. d.

■ARTFIl.s- GOLDEN GLOBE TRIPOLI... 2 0 In

ilANT KOICA 1 (i OB

ilANT WHITE TRIPOLI 10 0 (i

i:UiI,Y WHITE NAPLES 0 9 —

jlANT MADEIRA l) 9 —

LEHUCE.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

ROSES IN POTS

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36.s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

DUTCH ANO^CAPE BULBS.

ANT. ROOZEN & SON,

OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND,

Have pleasure in informing tb.-ir numerous Friends that
th.-ir h.arven of Bulbs is unuMially fine this season, and that
their CATALOGUE for 1887. containing details of their im-
mense Collections of New, Bare, and Fine Bulbs and Plants
(S^ pages, in English), is now ready, and will, as usual, be sent
Post-free, on application tothem, or to their General Agentsfor
Great Britain,

MESSRS. MERTEN3 & CO.,
3, Cross Lane. St. Mary-at-HlU, London, EC,

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED BOSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP.

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP.

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP.

See our WItohsale CATALOGUE of Bulhs,
free on application,

iofHYAC
[RIS, SN(
nding your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

EXETER STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W,C.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I.. Tliird Series. JAN. to JUNE, 11-87.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

As a Supplement

TO THE

GARDENERS' ClIRONICLE

FOR

Next Week, August 13,

WILL BE

Published an Ink-Photograph
Devizes Castle.

THE

darilrtuni^ dllimnirfc,

SATURDAY, AUGUST G, 1887.

THE GARDENS OF OXFORD.

'T^IIE most delightful bits of earth on the varied
-*- surface of the globe are its islands and its
gardens, and in temperate climes the best and
most beautiful island, ''with verdure clad" all
the year round, is England, while the best
place for gardens is the city of Oxford. Dr.
Asa Ciray, visiting Oxford for Commemoration
Day this year, just at the time when the College
gardens displayed the livery of summer without
stain or tarnish, recalled perhaps the words
of his country's great novelist. Hawthorne
had just visited some of the College gardtns,
and especially those of St. John's, when he
wrote in his journal of 18.56, afterwards pub-
lished as his English Note Bool;, " The world
surely has not another place like Oxford ; it is a
despair to see such a place and ever to leave it."
Delighted as he was with the ornamental
grounds of Oxford Hawthorne seems to have
overlooked a lesser area of five acres lying near
the bridge by which Oxford is entered from the
north and watered by the Cherwell. These
five acres, however, are so famous in the annals
of horticulture that in this brief notice of
the gardens of Oxford they claim the first
place. The oldest of our English botanic
gardens, contemporary with the founding of
the Royal Society, covers these five acres of
ground lying between the Water Walks of
Magdalen and the meadows of Christchurch.
John Evelyn visited this garden in 16.54, and
found the Sensitive-plant exhibited as a great
wonder. Coming again in 1664 he mentioned
the Locust trees and Planes, and it forms a
pleasing record and a proof of his perennial in-
terest in natural history and science, that Evelyn
was here again in 1675, when he attended the
lectures of Dr. Robert Morison in the School of
Medicine in these grounds. But the gardens
were established as early as 1632, and when John
Tradescant died, six years afterwards, he had been
appointed to the office of gardener, which is now
held by Mr. Baxter, who showed me with much
pride the grounds he loyes so well, the gjh'

154

THE GAFDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[August 6, 1887.

thorpian trees, and the collection of aquatics
which has rendered him famous in the annals of
Horticulture, but who, after long and faithful
service to the University, I regret to learn, is
about to resign his charge, and break his heart.
It is to be hoped that ample provision will be
made for a man so much esteemed.

After Tradescant, who is known for his garden
at Lambeth, and his collection of objects of
natural history which formed the nucleus of the
Ashmolean Museum, another well-lmown name
comes in order in regard to time and note.
Sherard deserves a prominent position among
the series of patrons who made the physio
garden and its herbarium prominent for their
botanic treasures. It was he who endowed that
professorship of botany which another patron
and planter of trees here, Dr. Sibthorp, held.
Dr. Daubeny, author of Trees of the Ancients,
was an eminent successor of Sibthorpe, and, like
him, a patron of the gardens to which he devoted
part of his ample private means. He filled the
chair of Kural Economy, which is now occupied by
Dr. Gilbert, the collea.gue of Sir .John B. Lawes
at Rothamsted, while the post of Professor of
Botany, with the guardianship of the gardens, is
held by Professor Bailey Balfour.

Those two superb Water Lilies, the Indian anJ
the Egyptian Lotus, were blossoming in the stove
tank side by side. The first is a wondrous plant in
Eastern mythology. A variety called Nymphjea de-
voniana was in bloom, having a deep red blossom
which might have recalled the romantic poetry of
Moore, and the fables he recounts, besides con-
trasting with the blue Nyraphrea scutifolia of
Egypt, blossoming and floating by its side ; but
unfortunately the red flower shuts up close by day,
showing only a few gleams of its fiery red petals,
while the blue one opens by day and shuts as soon
as its neighbour displays itself. It is a pity that
these two floral peacocks do not spread their tails
together. The blue Water Lily, queen of flowers in
the Nile, wliile the red Lily is empress in the Ganges,
are both exquisite flowers, and in these days of numer-
ous stove tanks at Kew, and elsewhere, in private
gardens and in scores of others devoted to com-
merce, need not be rare. N. Daubeniana, a Lily of
paler blue, was well named, since it was raised here,
every leaf bearing a plant.

The North American N. odorata and the yellow
Nelumbium, were liere, but not in blossom on Mid-
summer Day. Perennial Rice was in full blossom. A
good patch of annual Rice also graces the tank, as well
as a handsome clump of Pajiyrus, a plant which Mr.
Baxter had from the Chelsea Botanic Gardens before
Mr. Moore's time. Other " good things " abound in
the tank, and I noticed in the adjacent stove a good
collection in capital order, and a Banana which has
just yielded a large cluster of fruit.

The basin for aquatics in the open garden holds a
good collection of British species, and a lover of
that class of plants might be happy here for hours,
but the gods have dwelt in trees, and there are
several here of peculiar interest which I saw years
ago, and wished to look upon again in their mid-
summer attire. Sophora japonica was planted here
nearly seventy years ago by Mr. Baxter's father, who
took the post of Curator, as the gardener was then
called, in 1813. It is strange tliis noble tree should
not be more generally planted, since it appears to
be perfectly hardy, and it has certainly grown here
very rapidly. The trunk at 5 feet from the ground
is, we estimated, quite 11 feet in circumference, and
the pale green foliage, with leaves much divided,
like those of the Mountain Ash, has a very cheerful
appearance. In the case of this specimen its habit
hai been to spread laterally, and the head is not
lifted high, but covers a great deal of ground. The
soil here must be good judging from the large size of
the trees, and perhaps the Cherwell, a stone's-throw
distant from the Sophora, waters its roots bv perco-
lation through the subsoil, as it has certainly done in

the case of the great English Elms in the river-bank
and in that of a neighbouring Weeping Willow, a
large specimen at the water's edge, outside the garden
walls — a beautiful tree once, but now unfortunately
much broken by storms and time. The Christ's Thorn,
from South Europe — Zizyphus paliurus — having long,
thin, pliable branches and sharp spines pointing in
all directions, grows here under the shelter of a
wall, and claims to be the " true " Thorn — the Gled-
itschia horrida of the monasteries having no claim to
be the true sort though it has been often gi'own and
shown as such.

Pyrus domestica, a tree here of the Sibthorpian
epoch and now in fruit, is one of the remaining
specimens of the true Service, which has become
scarce. P. Aria, White Beam, does not look so white
as I have seen it in the Surrey Downs. P. inter-
media is a hybrid with a leaf still greener. There is
a fine specimen of flowering Ash. Ornus europa^a,
just off the blossom, which consists of greenish-white
petals and yields no seed. It was grafted on the
common Ash, and was probably planted bv Sibthorpe
at the same time as the true Service, and as Corylus
colurna, the Frizzled Filbert, from Turkey, which is
here, between walls, perfectly hardy. The cut sheath
of the blossom is carried past the nut, and the thin
leaf is not so rough as that of the common Filbert.
It is a handsome small tree here, and the lower
branches weep, which is not, I think, the habit of
the tree, but is due to its age and the weight of its
branches. Sibthorpe's trees must be about a hundred
years old. The Salisburia, or Maiden-hair tree of
these gardens, which I noticed in many others at
Oxford, is an upright specimen 40 feet high, and it
has been dying fast the last two years, and will soon
be firewood. Two fine Yews standing on either side
of a gatew.ay are of much older date, since they were
formerly clipped in the Dutch style of the seventeenth
century into the forms of two giants, who were sup-
posed to gujird the gardens. They have been respited
from the shears long enough for the obliteration of
the giants, and their uprising heads of graceful
branches show no traces of mutilation.

I omitted to inquire for the Salicetum, near the
river, which contained, and may still perhaps contain,
almost every species of British Willow. Probably it
is thought that a "physic garden" in these days
need not rival the botanical completeness of a great
establishment like Kew, or a critic might say that
there was room for extension in these gardens.
E\en Oxford might add to its glory if, by any means,
it could induce a taste for any of those branches of
rural economy which Dr. Gilbert is of all men most
competent to teach. H. E,

New or Noteworthy Plants.

ODONTOGLOSSUM + STAUROIDES GRAVES-
lANUM.

Thk very fine and curious Odontoglossum stauroitles
has at last reappeared at Mr. F. Sanders, surprising
us once more. The very graceful inflorescence at
hand shows five well developed flowers, which have
light ochre-sulphur coloured sepals and petals,
adorned with purple-brown spots, usually two on
the sepal, one on the petal, and some lines and dots
of the same colour at the base. The graceful pan-
durate lip is white, with a fine purple-brown centre,
and some purple-brown lines and spots near the base,
where there is some yellow on the disc and calli. It
is named at Mr. Sander's desire in honour of an excel-
lent collector— Mr. Graves, Orange, United States
of America. H. G. Bchb.f.

Edcomis pallidifloha, Baker, n. sp*
This new species of Eucomis is intermediate be-
tween E. punctata and E. undulata. It has the com-

• Eucomis pal Udi/iora, Baker, n. sp.— Bulbo globoso; foliis
oblanceolntis bipedalibua viridibua margiiie crispato-denticu-
latis; pedunculo valido elongate impunetato; racemo pedali
cyliodato, bracteis ovatis ; pedicellis erectopatentihus flore
loDgioribua; perianthiisegmeatis pallide viridibu-H; RenitaUbus
-concoloribiis, comae foliis circiter 30 parvis oblongo-lanceolatis.

paratively lax raceme, long pedicels, aud long
cylindrical peduncle of the former, but the peduncle
and leaves are quite unspotted, and all the parts o
the flower are green. The bulbs came toIvewfromMr
Nelson, along with those of Albuca Nelsoni, and the
specimen from which the present description was
mainly made was flowered at Queenstown by Mr. W.
E. Gumbleton. We do not know the exact locality
from which Mr. Nelson's bulbs were obtained, but it
is apparently identical specifically with a plant col-
lected in the Orange Free State, in 1862, by Mr,
Thomas Cooper.

Bulb globose, 2 inches in diameter. Leaves five to
six to a stem, oblanceolate, suberect, bright green,
unspotted, reaching a length of above 2 feet, aud a
breadth of 4 — 5 inches above the middle, narrowed
gradually to a deeply channelled base 2 inches broad,
minutely ciliato-denticulate on the edge, especially in
the lower half. Peduncle cylindrical, plain green, 1.^
— 2 feet long, half an inch in diameter. Expanded
raceme a foot long, 2^ inches in diameter, crowned
with a coma of about thirty small oblong-lanceolate
leaves, ciliated with whitish bristles ; pedicels erecto-
patent, | — 1 inch long; bracts ovate, a quarter of an
inch long. Expanded perianth I^ inch in diameter;
segments oblong-acute, greenish-white. Filaments
lanceolate-deltoid, green. Ovary ovoid, the same
colour as the perianth. J. G. Baker.

Selaginella jenmani, Baker, Handbook, p. 45.
Jcnman, n. sp.

Fronds quite prostrate, rooting very freely along the
axis, herbaceous, dark green, 3 — 4 or 6 inches long,
with pinnatiform subdistant short branches, which are
usually again shortly branched in like manner.
Rachis firm, stramineous, leafy to the base, 1^—2 lines
wide over all. Major leaves oblique, contiguous,
most apart at the base of the stem, imbricating on
the outer branches, 1 — 1^ line long, 1 line wide, very
imequilateral, obliquely ovate-deltoid, obliquely cor-
date at the base, the auricled superior side very dis-
proportionately deep, point obtuse, margins plain.
Minor leaves ovate, the bases slightly overlapped, cor-
date and nearly equilateral, acute, three-quarters of a
line long and nearly as wide, spikes short, four-gonal ;
bracts convex or keeled, acute. — Guiana, Jenman,
n. 1480. Gathered on the rocks at the foot of
the Kaieteur Fall. This has some resemblance
to platyphylla, but the branches are nearer, the
leaves closer, broader in relation to the length, the
upper side being so disproportionately wide as to
produce an obliquely-deltoid outline, though those at
the ends of the branches, which are crowded and
imbricating, are more equally cordate, and in all
cases the one at the base of each branch is strictly
heart-shaped, both sides being equal, as is the case
in some other species. My specimens are in fruit
only slightly, and it is likely the spikes are longer
than I have described.

Selaginella potahoensis, Jenman, n. sp.

Fronds quite prostrate, with delicate filiform roots
at the joints, 2 — 4 inches long, with short, distant,
alternate branches, which are simple, or again shortly
branched, flaccid, and delicate. Rachises very slender
and thread-like, brightly stramineous, leafy to the
base, 2 — 24 lines wide overall. Major leaves spread-
ing, distant, becoming gradually contiguous, but not
touching, on the outer parts, obliquely ovate, broadly
acute, obliquely cordate, but narrowed at the base,
the superior base very slightly auricled, 1-f line long,
f line broad, the margin plain, light straw-green.
Minor leaves much reduced, distant, situated at the
base of the major, inequilateral, attached by the inner
side of the base, obliquely ovate, cuspidate, about
a quarter of a line long and nearly as wide. Spikes
four-gonal. I — 4 lines long. Bracts ovate-lanceo-
late, imbricating, butslightly open. — Guiana. Jenman,
n. 1818. In ravines in the forest near the Kaieteur Fall.
A species well marked by its bright straw colour,
very slender conspicuous yellow rachises, distant
ovate lateral leaves, which seem at sight, though
they are not really, narrowed equally each way, and
very minute medial ones. The latter are 'so small

August 6, ISST.]

THE GAB DENE US' CHB0NICLE.

155

that they can only be seen by the aid of a lens.
When a frond is looked at on the underside with a
lens they are seen projecting like a small auricle
against the inferior base of the major leaves. In the
longer spikes, some of which are nearly half an inch
long, the bracts imbricate moderately firmly, but in
the shorter ones, a line or so long, they are lax
and seera, as is often the case in that state, some-
what disposed to be, but are not, resupinate.

cms WICK NOTES.

Dwarf Thop.eolums at Chiswick. — On .Tuly 29
I inspected these, and was surprised to find but very
little bloom indeed upon them. Empress of India
being the most attractive from a floral point of view.
The fact is. this race of Tropreolums, though very
dwarf in growth, are effective only for a brief period,
and as they seed very freely the crop of blossom is
soon exhausted. They can be depended upon to
flower only for a brief season, and by the end of
July their beauty is past, and the energies of the
plants go to the maturation of the seeds. What is
wanted is a race almost or quite sterile, and
if such an one could be obtained there would be a
chance of the plants blooming on to the end of the
summer. Another requirement is stouter flowers, of
thicker texture, and with the segments closer toge-
ther, so as to ensure better form. Visitor.

Asters.
By the second week in August a somewhat exten-
sive trial of Asters Mr. Barron is carrying out at
Chiswick will be in good bloom. Kow early flower-
ing varieties are always useful, and there is one
among the Chiswick collection that well deserves
a special notice. It is one in Messrs. Vilmorin's
collection known as the Queen of the Market, a
superior form of the old China Aster, growing to a
height of 9 to 12 inches, very full of bloom, throwing
out its flowering-stems almost horizontally, the
flowers large, not fully double like Truffaut's, but
very showy, and of various colours, such as white,
pink, crimson, rosy-purple, purple, and lavender.
This blooms several days before any other, and it
appears to me to be a desirable variety to cultivate
in pots for market purposes, and also for flower-
garden decoration. B. D.

Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums.
It was recently stated in your columns that there
appears to be a good deal of confusion in regard to
the Bames of the varieties of Ivy-leaved Pelargo-
niums forming the collection at Chiswick. Of this
there can be no doubt, and especially is this true of
the double white varieties having lilac-pink shades.
This confusion arises, no doubt, partly from the fact
that a new variety is sent out that scarcely, if at all,
differs from one already in cultivation — an occurrence
not at all unusual in the case of florists' flowers ; and
also from the fact that Continental nurserymen
appear to have sent promising seedlings under num-
bers to the trade in England ; they have named them
and sent them out, while the raiser has done so on
his own account. I am not in any way insinuating
that there is anything of an unworthy character on
the part of the English trader, but that this does
happen there can be no doubt. What is wanted at
Chiswick is a Garden Committee, consisting of about
three com])etent persons, to correct duplicate
naming. The work is too exacting to be under-
taken by a large body like the Floral Committee.
Very close and careful comparison is required, that
no injustice be done. Mr. J. George, who is one of
the earliest and foremost improvers of the Ivy-leaf
Pelargonium, tells me that Gem, which is quite true
to name, was raised by himself, and not by Mr. H.
Cannell, about twelve years ago. Masterpiece is
another of Mr. George's raising, and he states that it
was generally understood for a number of years that
these hybrids could not be bred from, because they
never produced pollen ; he, as well as the late Dr.
Denny, tried for a number of years to obtain some,
but always failed. Mr. George tried to make them

fertile by taking pollen from the^single and'double
zonal varieties, but never secured seed. At last one
of his varieties (St. George) sported to a deeper
colour than the parents ; this was sent out under the
name of Jlrs. J. George, and from this sport Mr.
George got the first pod of seeds that was ever got
from a hybrid Ivy-leaf, and from the pod eight plants
were obtained. The seed was sown early in the
following September, and one, subsequently named
JIasterpiece, was the first to flower in the following
May ; and two other fine varieties also came from it,
viz.. Future Fame and Dr. Masters, and all three
were awarded Certificates of Merit at South Ken-
sington. Why the sport alone should have pro-
duced seed is beyond the comprehension of Mr,
George ; [a very interesting case of reversion to
the original ancestral state. Ed.] and, singular
to state, this peculiarity has descended to its
progeny; for all three varieties obtained from the
sport produce pollen freely, and also seed, and
Mr. W. Owen, nurseryman. Maidenhead, has raised
some very fine double varieties from Masterpiece.
The Continental raisers have furnished a good quota
of work also as raisers, but no information is forth-
coming of which I am aware as to their parentage.
It may be that the three varieties obtained from the
sport from St. George are the real progenitors of the
varieties raised subsequently on the Continent.
R.D.

DENDROBIUM PULCHELLUM.

What is Dendrobium pulchellum ? The answer to
this query is not so easy as might at first be supposed.
Sir William Hooker in 18o8 figured a plant under
this name {Botanical Magaziap, t. 5037), with the
remark, " That this is the Dendrobium pulchellum
of our gardens, and of Mauud and Loddiges there
can be no manner of doubt, but I am by no means
clear about it being the D. pulchellum of Roxburgh
and Lindley." This shrewd guess of Sir William
Hooker's indicates precisely what has taken place,
namely, a confusion of species, and to unravel this
confusion is the object of the present note.

Roxburgh tells us of a Dendrobium " found
indigenous on trees and on rocks in the forests of
the Silhet hills, in flower in M.ay and June. A very
beautiful species ; the flowers are considerably smaller
than in D. formosum. but the colour more lively."
This he named D. pulchellum, a full description
appearing in his Flora Indica. The MSS. of this
work was written before 1820, though unfortunately
Roxburgh did not live to publish it. He left, how-
ever, at the Calcutta Botanic Garden, a set of life-
sized coloured drawings, with botanical dissections,
2542 in number, among which nearly all the Indian
species described in his Flora Indica are depicted.
In a duplicate set, Lindley found a drawing of this
plant, which he published in June, 1830, in his
Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants, with the
remark, " Roxburgh MSS. (v. ic. pict.)." Two years
later Roxburgh's Flora was published, in three
volumes, where his description may be found. A
fine duplicate drawing of Roxburgh's is now at Kew,
which shows the species to closely resemble D. raos-
chatum In size, habit, racemes, also in size of flowers ;
but the colour is paler and the lip is flat instead of
sac-shaped. I have carefully searched for the species
in the Kew Herbarium, also in Lindley's, but do not
find a single specimen ; nor does it ever appear to have
been in cultivation, so that the work remains for some
one to re-discover the plant in the woods of Silhet.

The confusion began with Loddiges, who figured
in his Botanical Cabinet, in 1833, as D. pulchellum,
the plant still known in gardens under that name,
which is far from being Roxburgh's plant. Loddiges
says it is a native of India, in which, however, he
was doubtless simply following Lindley. Maund
next figures the same plant from a specimen which
flowered in Loddiges collection at Hackney, stating
that it is a native of Silhet, and was introduced
about 1829 by the Horticultural Society. In 1840
D. devonianum had been described and figured in
Paxtoa's Magazine of Botany, also in the Botanical

Magazine, thus furnishing the materials for still
further increasing the confusion. In 1859 Lindley,
in " Contributions to the Orchidology of India "
(Journ. Linn. Soc), again had to deal with D. pul-
chellum, which he did by including under the name
both the plant of Loddiges and D. devonianum of
Paxton. Finally, Professor Reichenbach, in Wal-
per's Annales, rescued D. devonianum, which he
established as a variety of D. pulchellum. The two
are, however, not only quite distinct in their flowers,
but totally dissimilar in habit, stature, and leaves,
and cannot be regarded as forms of one species.
The following is the revised synonymy of the three
species, one, as will be seen, requiring a new name : —

D. pulchellum, Roxb. ex Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch.,
p. 82 (1830) ; Roxb., Fl. Ind., iii., p. 486 (1832).—
Confused with the following species in all subse-
quent works. Native of Silhet, occurring on rocks
and trees. Known only from Roxburgh's figure and
description.

D. Loddigmii, Rolfe (D. pulchellum, Lodd., Bot.
Cab., t. 1935 (1833) ; Maund, Bot.. i., t. 5 ; Hook.,
Bot. Mag., t. 5037, and of gardens ; not of Roxburgh).
— Confused with the preceding and following species
by Lindley in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii., p. 12. Habitat
doubtful ; see note below.

B. devonianum, Paxt., Mcy. Bot., vii., 1. 169 (1840),
and of succeeding authors (D. pulchellum B devonia-
num, Rchb. f , in Walp. Ann., vi., p. 284. — Native of
Khasia.

The native country of D. Loddigesii remains some-
what doubtful, and may not be India at all. I can
find no wild specimen at Kew. The other day,
however, Mr. Ford, of Hong Kong sent dried speci-
mens, with request for name, and the following
note : — " I found this plant several years ago growing
on trees in the garden (Chinese) at Canton. It is a
most profuse bloomer, and a really handsome plant.
I never saw it growing wild in China, but the Rev.
C. B. Henry brought me a little plant or two from
Hainan last year, where he found and collected it."
Mr. Ford adds that the Hainan plant has just
bloomed, proving identical with the Canton plant,
except that the segments were a little paler — white
instead of pale rose. I strongly suspect that China
may prove to be the native country of this species,
as I find in the Herbarium a note from General
Berkeley, pointing out that the Indian plant is dis-
tinct from that of Western China. If this should
meet the eye of that gentleman I hope he will give
us the benefit of his opinion, for it seems to me a
very interesting question, and one well worth clearing
up. if, A. Bolfe.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

DISA GRANDIFLORA SUPERBA AT
CHATSWORTH.

Fob the information of Mr. Owen Thomas (see
p. 138), I should like to say that twelve flowers on a
spike have been recorded, and, singularly enough, this
record is from Chatsworth. In the last edition of
the Orchid Growers Mamtal, p. 028, Mr. Williams
mentions having received from Mr. Thomas Speed a
spike 2 feet 6 inches in length bearing twelve
flowers. Some of us thought the late Mr. Andrews
was drawing the long bow when he flgured eight
flowers on a spike in Warner's Select Orchids; but
now that eleven and twelve flowers, as at Chatsworth,
are produced, we feel quite satisfied with that plate.
F. W. B.

Epidendrum nemorale.

This is one of the handsomest of the genus; the
branched spikes are purplish-rose tinted flowers
which appear usually in .July, last well either as cut
spikes or on the plant. We have a good plant now
carrying two spikes of flowers. The flowers on
different plants vary considerably, a superior form
being grown under the name of E. n. majus, a plant
of which flowered well in the collection of Sir T.
La\vrence, Bart., when the late Mr. Spyers was gar-
dener at Burford Lodge. Epidendrum nemorale is

156

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 6, 1887.

found growing on rocks and trees in Mexico. I have
tried to cultivate it on suspended blocks, and also on
blocks placed in pots, but it grew and flowered best
when treated in the same way as Cattleyas — that is,
potted in peat, with a little sphagnum added. It
succeeds best in the Cattleya-house and should be
kept dry and cool when at rest. E. prismatocarpum
is another very distinct and striking species, flowering
at this time. I find that it requires rather more heat
than the other, and grows very well in the coolest
part of the warm house. Some of the varieties will
flower in June, but more in July, and even as late
as August. It is distinguished by its slightly greenish-
yellow sepals and petals, which are freely blotched
with dark reddish-purple; the lip is rose tinted. It
thrives well potted in peat and sphagnum, with a
free admi.xtnre of crocks.

The old Epidendrum vitellinum is now a scarce
plant, although one is attracted by the rich masses
of brilliant orange-vermilion colour of the blooms
ofthemajus variety in every collection of Orchids.
The type possesses more elegant-looking spikes, and
the fl iwers have narrower sepals and petals. It may
easily be distinguished by the manner in which the
flower-spikes are produced as soon as the pseudo-
bulbs are formed, whereas iu the E. v. majus form
th ' bulbs are made up in the previous season, and it
usually flowers later in the season thjin does the
majus form. Both are very desirable plants for the
cool or Cattleya-house. They succeed when grown
either in pots or baskets. J. Douglas, Great Gcaries.

CvpRiPEDirji piAnT.niNinM and C. Stonei in Onb
Flower.

Monstrosities and irregularities of growth in Orchid
flowers, although of frequent occurrence and often of
interest to the botanist, are apt to get overlooked
unless the departure from the normal condition of
things is very striking as in the two cases now to be
mentioned, one of which — that of Cypripedium Stonei
— appears to have attracted considerable attention.
This flower was produced upon a plant of C. Stonei
var. platytffinium in the rich collection of Baron
Schroder, at The Dell, Staines, and was sent to me
for the Kew Herbarium by Mr. A. H. Kent ; its
peculiarity consists in having one of the petals broad
as in the var. platytaenium. and the other narrow, as
in typical Stonei, and is therefore valuable and in-
teresting, as proving that these two are truly but vari-
atinni of one species, for beyond the breadth of the
pet Us there is nothing to distinguish them. N. E. B.

PHAL.TiSOrSIS STUAnxIANA.

A plant of Phalaenopsis Stuartiana which flowered
at Kew this spring produced two flowers in which
the lip was entirely absent. There were two such
flow»rs upon the inflorescence ; in both the dorsal
sepal, the petals, and the column were as in the normal
flowers, but the lateral sepals were combined into
one obovate body channelled down the middle, and
occupying the position of the lip, of which latter
there was not the slightest vestige. According to
Dr. Masters ( I'effetablc Teratology, p. 398), the absence
of the lip is of not unfrequent occurrence, and
generally when it is absent the lateral sepals are
combined and occupy the position of the lip, and the
present case is only additional confirm.ation of that
statement. The reason of this is probably because
the lip is suppressed in the very earliest stages of
growth of the flower, and the pressure exerted by the
other growing parts of the flower force the lateral
B^pals into such close contiguity that cohesion of
t'leir inner edges takes place. In the other flower
the lateral snpals were not so completely combined
as in the flower I have fignred, but only to a little
more than half wav up, with a very acute notcli
between them. X E. Brov:n.

[Mr. Brown's note corroborates the opinion of JI r
O'Brien, published with an illustrative woodcut in
the Gardening World, .luly .31, 1880, that the broad-
petalled variety is only a form of C. Stonei, and, not
as has been supposed by some, a hybrid production.
The Phalwnopsis is an illustration of a very common
topdcBcy among Orchids towards a tworparted

arrangen^ent of the flower, the calyx here being
rendered (two-parted by the growing together of two
of its cOi.stituent sepals, which are not only displaced
and concrescent, but which have assumed the
coloration and markings of the lip, whose place
they occupy, and whose office they flll. Ed.]

In the Kew Herbarium there are wild specimen!
from Colorado, West Texas, and South Utah. Geo,
Nicholson, Kew.

PHILADELPHUS MICRO-
PHYLLUS, Gray."

The charming little shrub, of which an illustra-
tion is here given for the first time (fig. 36), was
sent to this country some few years ago by Professor
C. S. Sargent. Although from districts whence few
shrubs hardy in this country are obtained, the present
plant has stood in the open air for several winters
without tlie slightest protection at Kew, and also at
Messrs. Veitch's Coombe Wood Nursery. The figure
here given, which represents a flowering branch life
size, was made from material kindly supplied us by
Messrs. Veitch.

The description which follows is taken from Porter
and Coulter's Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado : —

GARDEN PALMS.

^Continued from p. 653, vol. xxvi. n.s.)
Nephrosperma.
A'. Van Houtteana, Balfour, fil. — A monotypic
genus, confined to the Seychelles, and closely
related to Acanthophcenix and Deckenia from the
same region. All three genera are in cultivation
in English gardens, but they are rarely seen in a
thriving condition after they get 2 feet or so high.
As already stated, it is singular that, of the many
beautiful Palms that are natives of the Seychelles
and neighouring islands, the three genera here named
are very difficult to manage, whilst the others are
comparatively easy. Nephrosperma is the most
robust of the three, but it does not thrive anywhere
except in a hot moist stove and with plenty
of water at the roots. It is said to be " not uncom-
mon in open places and by the side of streams, up to

Fig. 36. — philadelphus microphyllps : flowers white,

" Branches slender, erect ; leaves small, 6 — 9 inches
long, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, very entire, obso-
letely three-nerved, shining above, pale and minutely
pilose beneath, narrowed at the base into a very short
p3tiole ; flowers terminal, 1 — 3 ; calyx four-cleft,
glabrous without, lobes ovate-lanceolate, tomentulose
within ; styles connate to the apex, shorter than the
stamens ; stigmas four, oblong ; capsules subglobose.
Canon City, Brandegee.

" The specimens received from Mr. Brandegee
exhibit some of the characters of P. serpyllifolins,
Gr. Tiie leaves are pubescent above, some of them
plainly three-nerved, and the lobes of the calyx silky
pubescent without; but it is clearly distinguished by
the size of the leaves and the oblong stigmas. The
hairs on the underside of the leaves are appressed
and covered with tubercles under the microscope, as
Dr. Gray has observed in those of P. serpyllifolius.
Webster Canon, Redfield."

No information as to the height Of the plant in its
nxtive habitat seems to have been published, but as
far as can be judged from the Kew and Coombe
Wood specimens, the species will hardly exceed 18
or 24 inches ; it forms a dense compact bush.

" Ptantir Fendlerianep, 54; Walper's Amialp^, ii., 614;
Porter and Coultpr, ^/nopsis of the Flora qf Colorado, 41,

1000 feet," in Seychelles. There it developes astern
from 20 to 30 feet high and 4 to 6 inches in diameter.
The leaves are unequally pinnate, 5 — 7 feet long,
arching, the pinn.tj over 3 feet in length, smooth,
green on both sides. The petiole is green in old
plants (Balfour), sheathing at the base and
sparsely spiny. In young plants the petioles are
a shining brown-red colour, and bear numerous
long, black, flat, sharp-pointed spines; the pinnx
are slightly glaucous below. The leaves are pin-
nate from the first, and plants I foot high are
graceful and pretty. The petioles become deeper in
colour as the plant gets older. Fruit globular,
half an inch long, orange-red when ripe, with a
fibrous mesocarp enclosing a brown kidney-shaped
seed. A young example of this Palm is figured
in the Flore dcs Serrcs under the name of Oncosperma
■Van Houtteana; it is also cultivated in some gar-
dens 2S Areca nobilis.

NiPA, Wurmb.
Although not of any value as a g.irden pl.ant. yet
this little Palm is peculiarly interesting to the
botanist and geologist, owing to there having been
found, near the mouth of the Thames, in the wasting
cliffs, fossilised fruits of Nipa (see Lyell's Geology),
At present the genus, which is monotypic, is confine^

August 6, 1887.]

THE GAB DE NEBS' CHRONICLE.

157

to the tropics of Asia and Australia. " Tliousands
of acres of the salt marshes of the islands and
coasts of the Indian Ocean may be seen covered
with Nipa friiticaus (Seemann). Sir Joseph Hooker
observed the large nuts of this Palm floating about
in the delta of the Ganges in such numbers as to
obstruct the paddle-wheels of steamboats.

^V. fnitii-aus, Thunb., has a creeping stem which
bears a tuft of arching pinnate leaves, often 10 feet,
or even more high ; they are unarmed, green, rather
leathery in texture, and more or less arching. The
fruits are aggregated in compact clusters as large as
a man's head, each fruit being like a large Cocoa-
nut with the husk on. Hitherto all attempts to
establish this Palm in English gardens have failed,
probably because of the difiiculty of supplying the
peculiar requirements of a plant which is never
found anywhere except in brackish rivers or swamps.
Dr. King, director of the Calcutta Botanic Gardens,
writes ; — " Nipa is not easily grown by any means.
There is only one tank in this garden where we can
get it to grow naturally. It grows in tidal rivers, and
in our tanks we have no tide, of course. I have had it
on the river bank, which is tidal enough in all con-
science, but I have not yet got one plant to survive
for more than a year" (1885). Young plants have
been raised at Kew, but they have never got beyond
the limits of a 6-inch pot.

NusNEZHAKiA. Buiz and Favon,
Several Palms are figured in the Botanical Magazine
under this name, which is now sunk under ChamiE-
dorea. See Bot. Mag., 4831, 4837, 4845, 6030, 6088.

CEnocahpus, Martins.

Tall, majestic trees, with smooth, ringed stems,
40 feet or more high, and bearing large heads of
pinnate leaves, which in some species are said to be
20 feet or more long. The petiole is shortly clasp-
ing at the base, and from the margins are developed
nnmerous long stiff, black bristles, varying in length
from 1 foot to 3 feet, and nearly always eiect. Wal-
lace figures one species, OS. Batana, in which the
leaf bases are persistent so as to completely hide the
stem and cover it with a tliick coat of these bristles.
He also states that the Indians use these bristles as
arrows for their blow-pipes. The fruit is small,
varying in size from that of robins' to pigeons' eggs,
and usually of a purple or plum colour. The pulpy
covering is edible ; it also yields an excellent oil, which
is often sold as Olive-oil, from which it can scarcely
be distinguished. Beneath this pnlp is a layer of
loose fibres — seedling leaves, simple pinnate leaves
coming about two years afterwards. None of the
species appear to be useful for garden purposes,
young plants being rather rough and scraggy-look-
ing. They recpiire stove treatment. Eight species
are described, all natives of Tropical America. The
following are in cultivation : —

(E. Bacaha, Mart. — Rio Negro (Amazons).

CE. Bacaha var. xanthocarpa.

<E. Batana, Mart. — Rio Negro (Amazons).

(E. cdiilis, Hort. — Demerara.

Oncospeema, Blumc.

Five or six species of Asiatic Palms are included
under this genus, and three of them are well known
in gardens. They frequent swamps, thick forests,
and such-like humid places. They are arboreous, or
shrubby, with creeping or erect stems, pinnate
foliage, and numerous long stout spines. The tall-
stemmed kinds throw up a cluster of offsets at the
base, and the dwarf ones are tufted. The leaves are
elegantly plumose, dark green, and from 10 to 20 feet
long. Fruit a berry, round, blue, about the size of
Peas (O. filamentosum and 0. fasciculatum), or as
large as rifle bullets (O. horridum). They have a
shell like that of a llazel-nut, enclosing a brown
ruminated round seed. Young plants are graceful,
not unlike some of the Calamuses in general habit,
with numerous spines on the petiole and rachis of
the leaf, which is also more or less scurfy. Being
swamp plants they thrive only when planted in a
rich well drained soil and watered liberally.

0. fasciculatum, Thwaites.— Cevlon.

0. filamentosum, Blunie, " Nibung Palm ' (Areca
Nibung, Marl. ; A. tegillaria, Jacq.) — Java.
0. horridum, Seem., " Bhyass." — Malaya.

Okania, Miij.
Tall, handsome Palms, with stout, columnar, un-
armed, ringed trunks, and large heads of gi'aceful
pinnate foliage, the pinn;r; very regular in arrange-
ment along the racliis, and jagged or lobed at the
apex, exactly as in the Ptychospermas. In the
Botanic Gardens at Java this genus is well repre-
sented by very fine examples of all the species,
which are described and figured in Rdiquim Schc^cr-
iaiiie, an illustrated account of the Palms cultivated
in the Buitenzorg Gardens, by Dr. D. 0. Beccari
(1885). At Kew there are three species in culti-
vation, one of them, O. macrocladus, being 15 feet

high. As stove plants for large houses the Oranias
must rank among the most ornamental. The fruits
are round, as large as Peaches, with a fleshy pei'i-
carp, which, when ripe, is peach-coloured. The
seeds are globose or depressed, about 1^ inch
diameter, smooth, with a thin brown, veined shell,
enclosing the solid whitish albumen. Seedling
leaves bipartite. These plants like rich soil, plenty
of root-room, and liberal watering. The leaves do
not become pinnate till the plants are several years
old.

O, macrocladus, Mart. — Malacca, Java.

O. nivca, Hort. Lind. — New Guinea.

0. rcgalis, Blume. — New Guinea. W. W.

CYPMPEDIUM SUPERBIENS.

To Baron Schroder we are indebted for the oppor-
tunity of figuring an extraordinary flower (fig. 37),
in which there were only two sepals, s, s, placed
diagonally, one petal, p, occupying the position
usually filled by the median sepal, and two other
])etals (lateral) in the guise of lips, L, l, the true lip
(median) being ab.seut. The column bore only a
single median anther, A 1 of the Darwinian notation.
This flower differs from any figured in Dr. Masters'
paper in the Journal of the Linncan Society, vol. xxii.
(1887), p. 402, and from the altered arrangement of
the parts and the compensatory changes that have
occurred it is specially interesting. The position of
the bract is erroneous ; it should have been shown
on the opposite side of the flower.

Grenada.— Tlie new Bot.anic Garden in this
island, under the direction of Mr. W. N. Elliott,
is making good progress. A fine plantation of
Havana 'Tobacco has been made, and various native
Palms collected.

Fruits Under Glass.

I'lNEs. — It is time now to place the plants in their
autumn and winter quarters. The first step is to
i-craove the suckers from the plants which have been
fruiting recently, and place them in an out-of-the-
way corner of the potting-shed. The old stools
except of those varieties — such as smooth-leaved
Cayenne, Providence, and Charlotte Rothschild —
which are shy in producing suckers, can be thrown
away. The top-dressing and potting of next year's
fruiters should at once be proceeded with, the beds of
spent tan or leaves being in the meantime removed,
and fresh plunging material supplied, the brick-and-
plaster-work of the interior of the Pine-houses and
pits washed with hot lime, and the woodwork and
glass with warm water. Many of the strongest-
gi'owing plants, which were put into their fruiting
pots last spring, and afterwards plunged in the
ordinary way in the succession-house, will be fruiting
now. These plants should be taken out of their
summer quarters, and have a couple of inches
deep of the surface-soil and a few of the bottom
leaves removed ; then remove carefully any
suckers that may be attached to the plants,
and fill up with rough sandy loam, which has
been cut and stacked at least twelve months,
ramming down well. Then select and pot in their
fruiting pots (10-inch or 12-inch, according to the
size of plants and variety) the necessary number of
plants to fill the house for fruiting next summer and
early autumn.

Fotting, ^r. — The pots should be crocked for 2 or
3 inches, according to the size of the pots, finishing
otf with a sprinkling of fresh soot and a few pieces of
turf, grass-side down. In the matter of soil I prefer
sound fibry loam which has been stacked for a year,
with the addition of one 10-inch potful each of
crushed bones, fresh soot, and small charcoal, to a
baiTowful of loam, the whole being sufficiently dry to
prevent it from sticking to the potting-stick. The
plants should be carefully turned out of the pots, the
drainage and a few of tiie lower leaves removed, and
the surface and sides of the ball of earth and roots
loosened slightly, and any soil not permeated with
roots removed. The plants should be let down to
the bottom leaves in potting, and the soil rammed
firmly round the roots, taking care that the plants
are made firm about the collar. Over-potting should
be avoided, but I consider a space of from I to
2 inches between the ball of the plant and the pot
sufiicient for all healthy plants. In potting suckers
I need scarcely say that it will be advisable to remove
a few of the bottom leaves, so that the roots coiled
round the stem under the leaves may push more
readily into the soil, and that about half-an-inch of
the base of each sucker should be cut clean off before
being potted.

Plunging the Pots. — The plunging material having
been well trodden together plunge the fruiting plants
from 2 to 2^ feet from centre to centre, keeping the
tops as near to the glass (without actually touching
it) as possible, and give the smaller plants space in
proportion to their size. Give sufficient clean tepid
water to fresiily potted plants to settle the soil about
the roots (giving liquid manure to fruiting plants) :
shade the plants from bright sunshine until the roots
have taken to the soil, and damp thera overhead
every afternoon when closing the house. H. JK
Ward, Longford Castle,

158

THE GAnDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[ArocsT 6, 1887.

REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS.

[FROM OUR OWX COIMIESPONDEXTS, Jl'LY, ISSr.]

The words "^ avcrrif/o^'' "over,'* or " n}7r7er," as the case may he, IncJicafe the amount of the <rop; and ^' ynod," '' very goudj' or "had" indicate the quality.

I PEACHES

APRICOTS. I PLUMS. CHERRIES. ! AND XEC-
1 TARINES.

SCOTLAND.

ABERDEEN'

ARCrYLI

AYR

BANFF

CAITHS'ESS

CLACKMANXAN

DUMBARTON

DU5IFRIES

EAST LOTHIAN

FIFE

FORFAR

KINROSS

MIDLOTHIAN

MORAY

NAIRN

ORKNEY ISLES

PEEBLES

PERTH

RRVFREW

ROSS

RoxnruoH

STIRIJNij

SUTHERLAND

WIGTOX

ENGLAND-
NORTHERN
COUNTIES

CUMBERLAND

WESTMORELAND

>'ORTH UMBERL AN D, .

Some sorts are Mu f\\ uuder
average, but iu
general under

Average ; good Under ; good

;e; good

Under
Under

Under
Under
rage; good
Under average

'er; good
Uudor

othe

Average A

Average; good'
Average; good
Average; good'Aven

Ove

good

Under
Under

I Average; v
good

iver ; good
K'cr; good
Undfr
'ory good

Average ; good

Average

Under avernge

Under aver-
Hge; verj-good

Avpr.ig<»; good

good.

Ove

good

very good
Under averae

Under; g^
Averagi

Ov.

Averag
Average; good
Average; good
Average; good

Under
Under avert

Under
Average
Under
Plenty

YORK ' Above; good ITnder; good

Morellos |

avenige ,

Average ; good

Average; good

Average '

Average; good,

Aventg-

Over; good

Noiioontsifle

Nut grown
JTi oiten « all.*

I'nder; good
Unler

Over

Under

Over average

Over ; good

Average

Under; good

Under

Average; good

Over

NAME
ADDRESS.

Average on Average ; but
walls ; under black Currants
as standards under, Rasp- i

Under av€
age; bad

Average

Under

Undtr

Average ; vi
good
tender

Under: gootl

good

I Average; good,

except Goose

berries

but small
iverage; good

Under
Average

Under ; bad
Lender; good

Good

Under; very

stuull
Under

Fair; good
quality; Jar-
gonelle
abnndiint

e ; good
e; good

Over; black

Currants
under; very

Currants ove
^■ery good ;
Raspberria-

Average ; gooil

Average; good

Over; good

Very good

Over average

Average ; good

Over a\'erage

Average ; verj

Average

Average ; very I

good " 1

Average; good

Very gocpd.nnd
Average; good

er; very
Average; good

Avenige; good

Under i
luantity. but
large aiitl good

Average ; good

Average; good

Average

Superabund-
ance of all
kinds except
Gooseberries
and black
Currants

Ove

very

good
Average

Under; good

Good

Average; good

Over; very

good

Average

Good

Ove

very

verage crop
fruit sniiill
Average

goof

Under ; fruit

Jobn Forrest, Huddo House,

Aberdeen
R. Farrinhar, Fyvie Castle.

James F. Smith. Dunecht Gar-
' dens. Aberdeen
G. Taylor. The Castle Gardens,
Inverary

W. Priest, Eglinton Gardens.
I Irvine

.Tohn Webster. Gordon Castle
' Gardens, Fochabers

■John Sutherland. Lang^vell,

I Berriedale

Thomas;Ormiston.The Garden*.

1 Alloa Park, Alloa

James -^litthell, Camlis Esteaii,
Helensburgh

James Smart, Kaehills, Locker-
bie

L. Dow, The Gardens, New-
bythe, Prestoukirk

George Ramsay, Fordell Gar-
dens, Inverkeithing

Limes Mitchell, Panmui

David Millam, Biilnamooi
Brechin

Adam

Jolm Fortune
Gardens, Kin

Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith Gar-
dens, Dalk.-id,

Charl.'.. .T,,t-,r,., ., T^lhousie

Do^n-ul' '1 ■ ' ;-"''Dfrn-

aw;i\ I , ■,. ^,.i,,i, ,,-, iM.rres
Jame= yUv. ui, Kilmnnock

Castle. Fart (Jeurgi:
Tims. Mncdonald, BalfourCastle

Garden*. Kirkwall.
Malcolm Mclntyre, The Glen,

Inuerleitbeu
John Robb, Drummond Castle

Gardens. Crieff
P. W. Fairgrievc, Dunkeld

House Garden?, Dunkeld
J. King, Bhiir Dnmimond

Garden-, Stirling
John R. McKiddie. Rossie Priory

1 Gar-

Average ; V

good j

Average '

Plenty, but In

Under

McKav, Tarbat Gardens,
Parkhill

D. Harvey, Invergordon Gar-
dens, Invergorden

John Galloway, Miuto Gardens,
Hawick

Maurice Fitzgerald. Dunmore
I*ark, Larbert

D. Melville, Dunrobin Castle
Gardens, Golspie

Ai'chibald Fowler, Castle Ken-
nedy, Stranraer

jJ. Hammond. Drayton, Carlisle

A.Miller, Uiulerby, Kirkby

Alu
David Inglis, Howick Hall,

Lesbury
J. Hunter, Lambton Castle,

Fence Houses
R. Westcott, Raby Castle,

Darlington

Thomas Jones. Ribston Hall

Gardens, Wetherby
Robert C. Kingston. Branting-
' liarathorpe, Brougli

Anot-sT G, 1887.]

TEE GAB DENE nS' CHITON I CLE.

159

I

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CRQPS— (Coni'm»«?).

COUNTY.

APRICOTS. PLUiMS.

CHERRIES.

PEACHES

A^•D XEC- APPLES. 1 PEAJlS.

TARtXES.

SMALL

FRUITS.

STRAW- ,-..„„ , ^'AJfE
BERRIES. , ^^TS. | ^^^.^^^^^

NORTHERN

1

1

COUNTIES.

1

j

; 1

Very good Average

Average

Average: good Average
but dropping

off 1

Good

Average; good Very good 'Joseph Shaw, Gardens, Nuu-
but for (he (Iry 1 appleton, Bolton Percy
weather; fruit ;

Over
Under average

Moderate

Vverage
Under average

Average in

sheltered

jdacea

Good

Average

Average
Average

Abundant, but
small

Under average
Moderate

Over
Average

Jloderate

Average
Average

Bad

Over

Heavy crop,

especially red

Currants

■\'ery good

Over

and good
\'ery good

Xone grown
Under average

^'ery good

.Tames Batley, The Gardens.

Weutworth Castle, Barnsloy
Wm. Chuck, The Gardens.

Brodsworth Hall, Doncaster

James Tindall. Sprotbrough
Hall Gardens, Doncaster

LANCASHrUE

Jroderate
Xonf grown

Bad
Under average

Moderate
None outside

Good
Average ; good

Good
Average

Very good

Over average;

good

Over average;

good

Average

Heavj- crop

Good

Over average ;

very good

Over average;

good

Over; very

good

Good ; fine

fruit

Jloderate
Over average

William Culverwell, Thorpe

Pcrrnw. l^ndnle
W. H Vy■v^^^^. Wor^ley Hall

MIDLAND

Over average ;

good
Xone grown

Xone outside

Over averaM;

very good

Under

Average ; good

Over; very
good
Under

Above aver-
age; good
Xoue grown

Xone outside

Above aver-
age ; good
Average

Good

Average; good
Average
Average

Over average,

good
None grown

W. i' 1 ■ , . .,.|-,len Hall

An. If. '.v ,1 'm,.^-.,„;. The Gar-
den^, Ilu-h II;iil,Wigan

Henry Lindsay, Huntroyde
Park, Burnley

COUNTIES.

Average

Average; good
quality

Under

Under

Average; trees
healthy

Under

Under; good

Average ; fruit
rather small

Average

Over average;
trees healthy

Under
Average

trees healthy

■\''ery few

Average

Over average ;
trees healthy

Good

Average

Average ;
quality good

Good

Under

Over average ;

quality very

good

.Average; good

Under

Over average;
trees healtliy

Alfred J. Grant, Wifhington

Hall Gardens, Crewe
Robert Mackcllun.Abney Hall,

Cheadle
VVm. Whitakcr, Crewe Hall,

Crewe

Average ; good
Average

Average ; gocd
Under

Average ; good
Under

None gro\\n

outside

Bad

Average ; good
Average

Average ; good
Under

Average ; good
Good

Average; good
Very good

r. Selwood, Eaton Hall Gar-
dens, Chester
W. Wliibberlev. Oultou Park

Gardens T;iriinrh.v

o.TiMu,-, ciK,, -.,.., ;,th

J. ^^l ■ ■ .-1 ■■'.■u Harold,

Average ; good

Bad
Under average

Fair
Very good

Average; good

Good
Very good

Bad
Very good

Good
Very good

Fair
Under average

Very good

Average ; good

Under ; good

Average ; good

Not gro\\n
outside

Average; good

Under; good

Average; very
good

Under; suffer-
ing from
drought
Average; good

fmitsmafl
Very fine

Average

Thu-. I^.. ■!■ ;. . I>,f:..y Abbey

NOTTS

Average ; good
Average
Heavy crop

Under average

Average

Good

Average ; good
Average; good

Good

Under aver-
age ; bad
Average; good

Not grouTi
outside, plenty

Over average

Under
Average

Under average
Under
Average

Average

verv good

Plentiful and

good

Average; good

Under
Average

Tohn Horton, Welbeck Garden,

Worksop
^. A. Woods, The Gardens,

Osberton Hall, Worksop
Arrhibald Henderson, Tlioresby

Gardens, Ollerton

Abundant crop
Good

Abundant.

crop ; good

Good

Under average

Good

Good

Average; good

Poor

Average

Average; good

A fair crop

Average

Over average,

Good

Good

Average;
small

Abundant

Fair

Average; good

Good, hut
short season
Very fine

Over average ;

small

Plenty
Over average

Arthur Webb, Kelham Hall,

Newark
M. Gleeson, Clumber Park,

Worksop
A. S. Kemp, OfDey Villa.

Shifnal

Average; good

Over; very
good

Over average ;
small fruit

Over

Under; good

Under; good

Under

Average ; good
fruit

Over

Under ; good
Under; good

Under

Under aver-
age; bad fruit

Average

Average; good

Over; very

good

Average

Under aver-
age; good
fruit
Average

Under ; good

Over; good

Under

Aver;*ge ;
small fruit

Over

Average; good

Over; good

Under

Over average;
small fruit

Under

Average; good

Average

Average

Over average;

very good

fruit

Under

Full average;

.\verage; good

Over

•Vverage; very
good fruit "

Average

Under

Over; very

good

Average

Over average;
good

Average

Tames Louden, The Quinta,

Chirk
Richard Milner, Sundome

Castle Gardens, Shrewsbury
Edmund Bland, Oteley Park,

Shrewsbury
\V. B. Gingell, Sandon Hall,

Stone

Edwin Simpson, Wroteslev,
Wulverhamptun

William Bennett, Rangemore,
Burton-on-Trent

George Wythes. The Gardens,
Teddesley Park, Penkridge

W. Ward, Little Aston, Sutton
Coldlield

Tohn WnlMs. K<-ele Hall Gar-
dens, Newcastle-uuder-Lyne

Geo. H. Green, linville Ganlenp,
Stourbridge

Alfred Ham^here, TheGardenp,
Beauraanor Park, Lough-
borough

[lenry Wood, Bosworth Park,
Hinckley

>. Maynard, Cole Orton Gar-
dens

Average

Under aver-
age; bad
Average

Under ; bad

^'ery good

Over; very
good

Under

Average

Under aver-
age ; bad
Average

Under ; bad

Average

Under

Under

Average
Average ; good

Under
Average; good

Good

Good

.Vverage : very
good

Under; bad

■\"ery good

Average; very
good

Average

Under average

very good
Average

Average; good

Under average

Under

Under

Under average

Under aver-
age ; good
Under average

Under; good

Average

Under

Under

Over average

Average
Average; good
Average ; good
Average; good

Average

Average

Over average;

good

Plentiful, but

small

Over; good

Plenty, but

small

Average; good

Av( rage

Average, not

many grown

Average

None gro^vn

^■ery good

Over

LEICESTKR

Average ; ^■e^y
good

Under; good

Average ; very
good

Over; very
good

Under; bad

Average; good

Under ; bad

Under ; bad

Walnuts over;
others good

LIN-COLX

Average ; good

Over; very

good

Average ; good

Average; good

Average
Average

Under

Over average;
very good
Average

Under average

Uader
Average ; good
Average ; good
Under average

Under
Under average

Average

Under average

Under average
Average

Under

Avei-age ; verj'

good

Average

.Average ; good

Plentiful

Sweet under;
Morello plen-
tiful
Average

Average

Under average
Average

Average
Average ; good

Average
Average; good

Average
Average

Average

Average

Average
Under average

Under

Under

Plentiful, but

small
Vverage ; good

Average ; good

Currants aver-
age; Goose-
berries under
Plentiful

Eled and white

Currants good;

black under

Over

Average

Average
Over average;

good
Average ; good

Average ; bad

Vverage ; good

Under; good

Over average

Average; bad,
TOm drought,

and small
Under and bad

Average

Over ; good

Average

Under average
Average; good

Abundant

Walnuts over ;

good

Plentiful

Average

Plentiful
Average

Average

Average

Over average
Over average

Tohn Grey, Normauton Gardens,

Stamford
Henry Ma-on. The Gardens,

Bisbrouk Hall, Uppingham
Wm. Miller, Conmbe Abbey

Gardens, Coventry
J. G. Temple, Packington,

Coventry

Robert Greenfield, Priory
Gardens, Leamington

Thomas Eeddard, Stonelegh
Abbey Gardens

James Trigger, Milton Park,

Peterborough
G. Goldsmith, Floore Garden?,

Weedon
H. Birch. Castle Asliby Gardens
Edmund Cole, Althorp Park

'^ '!e -i™™!"

NORTHAJIPTON

good
Under average

Average
Under average

Under

Over average

Under average
Under average

Under average

Plentifvd
Under average

Average

Average

Under average
Under ; good

Average ; good
Xone grown

Under aver-
age; good

A\eragc

good

Under aver-
age; bad

Over iveri-e-' T'n,i„. .v.... ' TinH^.n,-..,

Average ; good
^'ory bad

<-i ^ In ■niTTTtnii

good
None outside

age ; good

Over average;
very good

age ; good
Average ; good

good, espe-
■ially Walnut;.
Over average

hill

Thomas Hedley, The Gardens.
Pntteridge T'ark, Luton

IGO

THE gardenehs' chronicle.

[August 6. 1887.

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROV^— {Continued).

MIDLAND
COUNTIES.

BEDFORD

EASTERN
COUNTIES

LtXCOLN

Undor

Average
Under average
Under; gootl
• Average

Avei-iiRe
Under ; good

Over aver ^
very plentiful

and good
Over ; very

Over average

good
Over average ;

Average;

Very fine crop,

wanted much

thinning

)ver ; good

3ver ; good
Average
ver average

Under ; bad

Under average

Under average

Under ; bad

Under

Under

^.ffpou'.v'dls
Under average

Under average

Average; good

Under

Green Gage
and other
varieties on
walls. iiVL^r-

Under aver-
Under
Under; good

Under average
Average; good

Undei
Under average
Under ; small

Average : good
Under; good

Average crop
— Damsous

more than for
years

Average ; good

Under
Under; bad
Under
Average
Over; good
Under
Avenige

ivalla

PEACHKS
AND NEC-
TARINES.

Under (des-
sert), averag
Morellos
Morellos avei
age ; all other
kinds undi
Average

Average; gc

Average; ver
good; Mo-
rellos good
Average

Average

Very good

Average; good

Average

Good averagf

;ood ; iloreUos

very good
Average; good

Average
Good averag

'rage; good

Under average
Average; good

Average ; bad

Under aver
age ; bad

Average

Average ;
sound

Under average
Under average
Under average

Average
Under average

Under aver-
ery good age ; orchard
beat crops
Very good Average ; good

Average; good Under average

Average ; good

age; likely to
ni small

Under; bud

Average; good
Under

Average ; good Under

; bad

A\erage ; good

Average

Under

Under average

Average
terage; good
A failure

Average

Average ; good

Under

Average

Average
Average
Average

Over
Average
Average

Very bad | Good Under average Good

Average; good' Under; bad Average; very Average; good

Had Under Under Average

Under average Average , Over average Averagi

Under ; bad Morellos good Average Good

Average ; good Over average ; Average : good Average ; good
I very good I I

Very variable Over ; very Over ; very Under on
I good I good I whole

Under; good Average; good Average; good Average; good

I I I

Under average

Under average

Under average

Average

walla, pyra-
ids under
average

Average; very

good
Under average

Average ; good
Under average

Abundant ;
good

Under

Under ave

Average; good

Average ; bad

Over

Average; good

Very good

Average; very

good

Average

Gooseberries,
iverage; Cur-
rants, over

small ; JRasp-

good
Average ; good

Under average
Average crop

iver ; appar-
ently good
Average

and black Cu
rants, and
Gooseberries

Under average
ige; good

Average

Average

Average

Under averagi

Average

Over; good

Good

Raspberries,

Gooseberries

lad ; Currant!

good

Average
Under average
Average; good Over averi

L nuer ; very

bad
Average; good

•"ine crop, and
very large for

Over; good,

but small

Lverage; very

Average

Over

Under average

Average ; good

Average

Over; gootl

Very good, but

small

Alex. McKay, Wqburn Abbey

Chas Turner, Cranfield Court

Gardens, Newport Pagneli
Henry Perkins, Greenlands

Gardens, Henley-on-Thames
Chas. Hewett, The Gardens,

Daylesford
T. Doherty, Wroxton Abbey

Gardens, Banbury
Under Henry Downing, Heythrop,

Chipping Norton
,ge ; gootl George Stanton, Park Place

Gardens, Henley-on-Thames

Geo. Thos. Miles, Wycombe
Abbey Gardens
Good average ; J. Smith, Mentmore, Leighton
Walnuts above Buzzard

Average ; good
Over

Average ; good
Ove

Under ; bad
■erage

good
Over ; good
Over average

Under ; Wal-

Dropraore,

Charles Herr
Maidenliead

William Waters. Bulstrode
Park, Gerrard's Cross
.mes Bone, Latimer Gardens

George Norman, The Gardens,

Hatfield House
R. Kuffet, Panshanger Park

J. C. Mundell, Moor Park Gar-

James Mitchell, Brookman's

Park, Hatfield
Joseph Fitt. Cassiobury Park

Gardens, Watford

Joseph Thompson, Gorhambury
(Jardens, St. Albans
'hu Kipling, Knebworth

Good

Under avei
age ; bad
Over average

Under

David Lumsden, Tlie Gardens,

Bloxholm, Sleaford
George B. Tillyard, Brocklesby

lex. S. Elder, Highfield,

Gainsborough

10. Spilsby, Blankney Hall,

Sleaford
Thomas Vinden, Harlaxton

Manor, Grantham
Jamer Seth, Grimsthorpe Gar-
dens, Bourne
William Ingram,

Castle, Grantham

Batchelor, Cattou Park,

Belvoir

1 Hall,

Norwich
W. Shingles, Melton Constable,

East Dereham
James Forder, Hillingto

King's Lynn
Charles Penny, Snndringha

King's Lynn
F. Lee, Lynford, Mundford

hottesham Park, Nor-

O. Real,

wich
Robert Pmiton, Wroxham Hall,

Norwich
J.Sheppard, Woolverstoue, Ips-

Under average John WalHs, Orwell Park Gar-

I dens, near Ipswich
Walnuts good Robert Squibb, lekworth Park,
Bury St. Edmunds
J. Mill, The Gardens. Rendles-
ham Hall. Woodbridge

Fish, Hardwicke, Bury

Average

St. Edmunds
Jeo. Eden, Henham Hall.
Waugford

AuGrsT 0, 18S7.]

THE GAIiDENEBS' Cltl?ONICLE.

161

COXDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS— (Continued),

EASTERN
COUNTIES.

ESSEX

SOUTHERN
OUNTIES

I'uder; bad
I Under average

very good
Over; gootl

Under; good

Average; good
Average ; goo<l

Average
Average
Failure

Average

Over; good

Average ; good

On the walla
thin ; stand-
ards good
Average; good

Average ;

Very plentiful

Average ; gooi

Average
vernge ; good

Good

Average; good
Over ; good
Under ; good
;r; good

Undfr; good

Average; good
Over; good

good
Under; good

Under

Under

Average; good
Under ; good

Average
Undfir; bad

Under aver-
age ; bad

Under
Under

Under; bad

Under average

■age ; good

Under average

Under

Very good

Under
Under; bad

Under averag.
Average
Average

PEACHES
AND NEC-
TARINES.

Average
Average ; good

Over; very
Average

Average; very'Under; good
good ; Morellus over in orehard

T, very good house, very
good

Average Over

Average 1 Average

Average; goo<l

Average ; good

Aliundant on
wnlU and
standards
Average

Under

Average

Under
Under; good

Average; gooil
Average; good
Average: very
Average; good
Average

Under ; good

Average; good

Splendid

lender; bad

Under

\'ory good

Under average

Average

very good
Verj' good

Average

Average ; good

Average

Under
Average

Average; good
Over; good
.verage; good
Over ; good

Average ; bad
Average
Very good
Average

Good

Over average
very good
Average

Under; good

Over; very
gootl

Avonigp;|

Under
Average ; good
Under; good
Under; bad

Under

Average

Under; good

Over ; good

Average; very
good

very

good
Average; good
Average; good
; goo.1

Under; bad
Under

Under; good

Under ; good

Excellent

Average ; good

Average

Under avera

Above avei
age; goot
Average

Average; good

Under average

Average

Average; good

plent'Tnl,
others failur*
Fair average

Under; good

Average only

on walls
Under; good

Average

Under

Bad

)ver; good

Average; good
Under; good

Average"

Under ; good

Under; good

Average on

walls
Under; good

Over

good

Average

Under aver-
age; good
Average

Over average

good
Under average

Average ;

Under
Far under

Under

Average; good Over; good Average

Average; good Average; good'

Average; good Under; bad j^Under; good

Average; very Average; goodi Average
good I I

lor; good Average; good Average ; ver;
good

All kinds ver>
plentiful and

Average

Average ; good

Good

Under

Over; very

Average

Average, but

^'"''■y go
Average; good

Over; very

good
Over; good

Average; good
Average; good
Average, but
Over; good

Average ; good
Under

Average

Average; bail

Burnt up

Under

Average ; good

Over ; good

Very goo<l
Over; very

Over; good

Over

Average; good

Over; bad

Over

Over

Good; dry

weather made

crop sliort

Under

Average; good

Under; gooil

Average ; short

duration
Average ; goofl

Above aver-
age; good
very good

Over average

very good

Good

Average; good

Under average

Over; good

Very good
Uuder

Under average

Over average

TTnder aver-
age ; bad
Under average

Average

Average; good

Uuder average

Average ; good
quickly c
Average ; good

Average

Under
Over ; good Good avera^

Average Under

Good average Gootl avera

■Walnuts ove
Under

Plentiful

except Wal

nuts; good

Average; good

Average ; good

Over ; good

Average

Average

good
Average

Very gooil

Average; good

Over averji!:;e

Good

Average; good
Abundant

Abundant
Under
Under

X. Y. Z., Leyton

William Smith, Birch Hall.
Colchester

W. Bowman, Highland?,
Chelmsford

James Douglas, Great Gearics,
Hford

William Earley, Double Houfc,
Aldborough Hatch, Ilford

James Vert. Audley End Gar-
dens, Saffron Wal'den

Henry Lister, Easton Lodgt

Dunmow
Charles Butler, Parndon Hn:

Gardens, Harlow

Wm. Pope. The Gardens, High-
clere Castle, Newbury

Hobert Fenn, Sulhamstead,
near Reading

T. Jones, Boyal Gardens, Frog-
more. Windsor

James Tegg, Bearwood, Wo-

kingham
J. UtKe, Lockinge Gardens,

Wantage
R. Sinclair. Easthamp'^tcad

Park. Wokingham
Alex. Dean, Betlfont

George Heasman, The Grove,
Stanmore

. F. n.. Royal Horticultural
Society. Chiswick

John Woodbridge, Syon House
Gardeus. Brentford

William Bates, Poulctt Lodge,
Twickenham

W. Denning, Coombe, Kingston-
on-Thames

A. Evans, Lytho Hill, Hasle-

E. Johnson, Park Hatch, Godal-

Gar-

John Tanner, Tandridge Court,
Godstone

James Gold, High Ashurst,
Dorking

Tlios. SiUence, Nonsuch Park,
Clieam

R. Gray, Chevening, Seven-
oaks

Wm. Craik, Hothfield Place,
Ashford

F. Mt>ore, Blendon Hall, Bexley

Henry Cannell, Swanley

Geo. A. Don, Bedgebury, Hawk-
hurst
, Maxted, Kearsney Abbey,

Joseph RiLst, Bridge Castle,
Tunbridge Wells

II. R. Holmes, The Gardens,
Ashbnrnham Place, Battle

B. Coombe, The Gardens. Wiston
Park, Steyning

F. Rutland, Goodwood. Chi-
chester

Sidney Ford, Leonardslee, Hor-

Alexander Reid, Possingworth,

Cross-in- Hand
W. Smythe, Basing Park, Alton

P. H. Edwards, Fowley,Liphook

J. Evans. Melchet Court, Rom-

W. Wildsmith, Heckfield Place

Garden-i, Wincbfield
F. Thirlby, Broadlands, Rora-

T. D. Myles, The Gardens,
Appley Towers, Ryde, Isle of
Wight

William Phipps, Bowood Gar-
dens, Calne

J. Horsefield, Heyteabury Gar-
dens, Heytesbury

William Nash, Badminton
Gardens, Chippenham

Thomas King, Devizes Castle,

H. W. Ward. Longford Castle
Gardens, Salisbury

162

THE GAB DENE RS' CHE ON I CLE.

[August 6, 1887.

CONDITION OF THE FKUIT CllOVfi—iCmtthmcd).

SOUTHERN
COUNTIES.

WESTERN

COUNTIES.

HEREFORD

WORCESTER.,

GLOUCESTER

1I0N3I0UTH .

SOMERSET..

CmNWALL

APRICOTS. ; PLU5IS. CIIEP.RIES.

Over avoi
Uuilcr
-Vvenige ; gooil

WALES
CARMAKTHEX

CARNARVOX

DENBIGH

GLAMORGAK

MERIONETH

MONTGOMERY

PEMBROKE

cr; good
Average; good
Average: good
Average; good

very good

Over; very

good

Lverage ; good

Good crop,
lut very small

smali

ery gootl
Average; good

Averagi
(Vvernge ; good

good
id and lin
varm place

Under aver

age : good

\vcrage; good

Not many

Good ['rop ;

Over
riulcr ; bail

Uader

Uiuler ; •

IJuder ; much

blighted
Average ; good

Under averag

Uuder nverag

Average

Under ; bad
Average ; good
Average; good

Not up to the
average, aud

very small ;

trees very
uueh blighted
Under; * '

Uuder r

Uuder ; good
Average
Under

verage; good

Under

Average
u£feR-d tV.

Ave

Uu.l
\verage~; good

Under

IgO; CO

iorts full cro])

Very good

Under

Under average

Average ; good
Under average

good

Over; very

good

Average ; good

Uuder ; small
Average; good

Averag
Over; g

Under ai

OgL.; \n
Under ave

PEACHES I

AND N'EC- APPLES.

TAllINES.

Average ; j
Average ; f

Under a

age; I

Under av

rop and very
small, and
dropping off

Average
Over avorag

Under averagt^

Under

Average

Under ; good

Average; very

good
Under; partial

Uuder ; good

Under averagt

Average ; good

Averag

Average

Under
Over

; good

good
^ood

In thi

bourhood verj
scarcfi, and
dropping off

very fast
Under; good

Under aver-

very good
bligiit vo:'y

Under aver-
ge, but swel-
ling well

None grown
outride
Under

Under ; good

smaU

Good, but

small

Average

age; good
Under

Under
Abundant

good
•x averag
good

Very good

Average

Excellent

;rop3; Medlars

middling

Average
Under
Under
Uuder

Over; good

Uuder; good

Under average

Average ; good

Averaj

Over; very

good
Under aver-

Under aver

age; bad
Average; goc

Average
Under ; goo

age

Middling
Under

Under aver-
age; good
Under

Under; b:i(l
Good

Average ; good
Average; good

Ove

very

Avernge. ex-
cepting Raaji-

berriea
Over ; very

good
Over: good

Under; bad
Average; good

Gooseberries

Average ;

I'ery good

Lverage; good

XAJIE

AND
ADDI1ES3.

good Under; good

Average
Under
Under aver-
excellent
Average
Average; good
Under
Average

crop
good

Abundant;
very good
Over ; good

Average

Excellent ani
heavy crops;

Mulberries
poor

Very good

Average

^'ery good

Good

Average

Under ; bad

Under averog

Average ; good

Uuder

Under ; bad

Uuder ; bad

Over average

fairly good

'ver average

very good

Xearly a

lailui-e

Under avp
age; bad
Under in con-
sequence of
dry weather

Failure

Bad; on

account of

dry we,ithi;r

Over average

poor
Average; ver;

Uuder ; bad

quenco of dry
weather
Under aver-
age ; bad

Average ; good
Average

I'er average

good

Average

Average; good
Average

Average
Under average

\y. Pratt, Longleat, War-
minster

William P. Leach, Bryanston
Gardens, Blaudford

J. Bsc;k, CricUel Gardens,
Wimborne

D. Williams. Cranford aiauor
Gardens!, V/imborne

Edwin Lamiog. Charborough
Park. Blandford

ivyn, Hereford
Eastuor

Kenneth McKenzie, AUensmore

Court, Fram Green
W. Rowbree, The Gardens,

Garnons
A. Ward, The Gardens, Stoke

Edith Park
Clia:^. Denning, Holme Lacy

Gardeus

Walter Child, Croome Court,

Severn Stoke
Wra. Crump, Madresfield Court,

Jtalvern
.Tohn Austin, Witley Court

Gardens, Stourport
Edward Ward, Hewell Graufffi,

Bromsgrove

Arthur Barker, The Gardens.

lliudlip. Worcester
Alexander Scott, The Gardens,

Sherborne Park. Northleach
A. Cliapmau, Weston Birt

Gardens, Tetbury

John Soivriv, UiL-i'-nm Court

Gardrn,, . ,1, ,:,.■, .1.. r

W. R. Ci- ' .,.l,-,is.

Fretiivr^: ■ ■ .- ',.>u-.'
Geo. Bi'tli.il, .\ 111. .11 Cum-t,

Clifton, Ilri-tol

r. Groenaway, Dodin^^ton

Park Gardeus, Chipping Sod-
Thomas Coomber, The Hendre

Gardens, Monmouth

. Paterson, 12, Trafalgar Ter-

W. Iggulden, Marston Garden?,

Frome
ohn Chalmers. Orchardleigh

Gardens, Frome
0h;irle3 Sully, Fairfield, Bridge-

D. C. Powell, Powderham,
Kenton

George Baker, Memblaud, South

\Y. A. Phillips, Eicton Gardens

Tipton
G. .r. B:u-nos, Stoodleigh Court,

Charlc'* Lee, Eojonnoc, Lost-

Lhiel
James Murtou, Pencalenick,

Truro
Lreorge Knox, Port Elliot, St.

Germans

?wis Bowen, Edwinsfonl,
Llandilo

. Calder, Voynol Park Gar-
dens. Bangor
P. Middleton. The Gardens,
Wyunstay, lluabon

J. Muir, Miirgam Park, Port
~ Ibot

nnett, Hhug, Corwen

W. Lee, Powis Castle Garden?",

Welshpool
George Griffin, Slebeck Park,

Haverfordwest

ArorsT 6, 1887.]

THE GARDEXEBS' CHE0XICLE.

163

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS-^(Crm^/«»«Z).

XAME
ATitlRESS.

WESTJIEATH

CHANNEL
ISLANDS.
SCILLY ISLANDS ,

■ll'iiJeruviT
jAvCTiiKe; V

T'ndpr averag" Average ; giK
Average: goixlOver overng«
good
riuler Avern:-^

^oiie oufoiiie
Avernge

JERSEY

GirETiXSEY lAv

Under

Average; 'Average; gocKl I'lider average

goo<l under
I glass I ' ' I

erage; bad Below; bad |Average; good Average; good. Below; good Average; good Avernge; bad , Below; bad

Average; good Average; bud Average; good .Yveragt

g.. Thomas Slieasby, Co..tle Dillcm
(feo. Porteoiia, CJarrou Tower,
Belfast

ge W . WiUon, Dromoland Gar-
: dens, Newniarket-on-Fergii.*
,Tas. Tavlor, Mount Stewart

rr.ige William Grav, Woodstock

Chas. B. Saunders, St,

Savionrs
iCImrles Smith & Son. Cnle,

donia Murserj

The Kitchen Garden,

ToMATOS. — Where these are required during the
autumn and winter, provision shoukl he made to meet
the demand either by planting at once strong young
plants, or by cutting back and starting older ones
which were planted in spring. In the latter case all
the remaining fiuit should be removed, and the
plants cut back rather freely. In either instance
liberal treatment should be afforded, and the house
kept moist and warm to encourage free gi'owtli.
From around the old plants a portion of the soil
should be removed and replaced with fresh compost,
adding theretofrom time to time as it appears neces-
sary. A light airy house or pit with plenty of heat
at command should, if possible, be selected for grow-
ing Tomatos in autumn and early spring, the trellis
being constructed as near the glass as is practicable,
so that the plants may have the advantage of all the
light and air possible. Plants growing in the open
and against walls will need watering plenteously, and
manure-water of some kind given to enable them to
swell off their fruit. After this date it will bo
advisable to remove the flowers and small lateral
growths, fully exposing the fruit to the sun.

Ciiciimhers. — As sunlight decreases, a less moist
air will be required in dung frames, especially during
cloudy weather ; therefore, after this date the neces-
sary watering should be done during the early part
of the day, and the frames should be ventilated" early
in the day. To prolong the supply from frames, the
linings should be looked to, and where required turn-
ing over and renewing them, repeating the opera-
tion from time to time as it becomes needful. For
a succession to these and to furnish a supply during
the winter, plants should be raised at once, and in
the meantime the structure they are to occupy
should be thoroughly cleansed and repaired.

French Hcans. — Two more sowings of these should
be made on a warm sheltei-ed border facing south,
one about the first week in August, and another a
fortnight later. The earlier sowings of these and of
Scarlet Runners which are in bloom will require
copious waterings to enable the blossoms to set
properly. ./. Austin, JVitlei/ Court Gardens.

Plants and Their Culture.

Decoeative Table Plants. — Early in the year
attention was drawn to the propagation of plants
suitable for table decoration ; amongst them none
are more serviceable than Draca;nas, which, having
received proper treatment, will have well filled their
pots with roots by this time, and now require some
fertiliser, such as Clay's or Standen's, to assist
farther leaf-development. In order to bring colour
fully into the foliage the shading blinds should be thin,
and only drawn over the plants during the warmest part
of the day, while the plants should be raised near to
the glass, given free space to gi-ow in, and kept clean

liy sponging. Of the new kinds we find Dracieua
Mrs. Kobert Turner to have a good habit and bright
colour, and a desirable addition to those we pre-
viously named. Crotons should be also nourished in
the same manner, and allowed all the light possible
consistent with safety from scalding. The varieties
possessing the graceful character of C. angustifolius
and C. Johannis are suitable varieties, and should be
grown on quickly, in a high moist temperature, and
kept to a single stem, which should be staked if
necessary. Cuttings of Crotons may be propagated
now; straight shoots, well furnished with healthy
foliage, should be selected, placed singly in 60-sized
pots, and plunged in sharp bottom-heat, under hand-
glasses ; a Pine-stove is a suitable place. To the
Palms before named I would add Chamajdorea
elegans and Calamus plumosus ; they are useful
kinds, and the spiny stems of the latter give it a
very distinct appearance. Any of the species
that are pale in colour through being kept in
small pots can be readily improved by the use of
the above-named fertilisers, and should scale appear
it should be at once removed by sponge and soapy
water. These remarks also apply to species of
Aralia and Pandanus ; the stock of the latter may-
now be increased by propagating the best coloured
suckers, while the variegated Pine-apple, which is
admirably fitted for table use, is best raised from
crowns, as they grow into better furnished and more
graceful plants than suckers. In watering and
syringing it should be remembered this plant should
not be kept very wet at its roots, and it requires but
little shade. The stock of the common Selaginella
should not be overlooked ; it is most generally ser-
viceable when grown in 4S and 60-sized pots, in
which the cuttings sliould now be inserted thickly,
if plants are wanted for winter use. Small plants of
Selaginella Martensi variegata, S. Lyalli. Isolepis
gracilis, Panicum variegatunr, and the Maidenhair
and other slender Ferns which are indispensable for
the embellishment of epergues, vases, &c., should be
grown on moist shelves. Thomas C'oombcr, TheHendrc
Gardens.

The Orchid Houses.

These may not appear at the present time very
interesting to the casual observer, but to those who
have charge of them the growing season concerns
them most, as flowering will always greatly depend
on the care and attention that has been afforded
during that period. If thrips are allowed to remain
many hours on Cattleyas or any other evergi-een
species they leave their mark, the plants ajipeariug
unsightly for years after. Deciduous species soon
lose their disfigured foliage, but the plants suffer
injury, which is proved by their making imperfect
pseudobulbs.

Many of the Pleiones are already showing signs of

flowering, and if it is desirable that they should
flower later it is now a good time to retard them
by placing the plants in a cool house, where they
should be placed near the glass, giving sufficient
water to keep them moist. Many of the Orchids
with pseudobulbs are nov/ finishing up their growths,
and as warm weather may be expected to last for at
least another month, these will be benefited by being
placed in the right position. It will be well to examine
Dendrobiums in the warmest division, to see that none
are inclined to make a new start from the base of the
new pseudobulb. Select those that are in a fit
state to be removed into a house where more venti-
lation is given, and the atmosphere is less charged
with moisture. Very little shading will be neces-
sary for them, the weather being taken as the guide
to the watering, but enough should be given to pre-
vent injury from dryness. The compost in which
are those plants which have been slow to make
root is generally the first to get into a bad state, it
being necessary during summer to water often. The
sour material, therefore, of these plants should be
carefully picked out, top-dressing them with new
sphagnum and fibrous peat.

'\\'hf-re a house can be set apart for what may be
termed cool intermediate Orchids, such as Lycastes,
Anguloas. Trichopilias, I'ilunmas, Oncidium cheiro-
lihoium. 0. incurvum, O. ornithorhynchum, Sobra-
lias, Trichosraa suavis, Epidendrumprismatocarpum,
E. vitellinum majus, E. sceptrum, difiVreut species
of Brassia, &c, it would help the plants to produce
stronger pseudobulbs and growths if moi-e sunlight
were afforded than cool Orchids proper could require
or withstand. From the present time the morning
sun should be allowed to shine on them a little
longer, and the blinds should be drawn np in the
afternoons as soon as the plants will bear it, damp-
ing the floors, and keeping the ventilators open
early and late in the d.ay. C. Woo/ford, Sotnisidr,
Lea'therhcad.

Miltonia Eoezlli is a more continuous flower-
ing species than Miltonia vexillaria, and out of our
small collection of plants we are seldom without
flowers in any month of the year. This species is
supposed to require a very high temper.ature, but I
fancy it may be overdone during the summer
months. I should be afraid to give them as
much heat as we are at present giving the
Dendrobiums. What they do seem to require is
au uniform temperature all the year round, or at
least there should not be more than a difference of
6° night temperature between that of summer and
winter, say, 60° as a minimum in winter, and 65° in
summer. Most of our plants were repotted in early
June. Like the allied species the leaves are much
liked by thrips, and greenfly will settle on the flower-
spikes "almost before they push out of the axils of
the leaves. Both parasites succumb to dipping in
the tobacco and soft-soap solution, we being afraid
to fumigate with tobacco. J. Douglas.

164

TEE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[AuGcsT 0, 1887.

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W. RICBARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

in Mr. Wii,sox"s garden at Weybridge. Similar
productions in different species of I'otentilla are
well known and some are figured in Lindi.eyVs
Theory of Horticulture, but until the last few
weeks the opportunity of seeing in the flesh the
" Plymouth Strawberry " of Tbadescant has
not been vouchsafed to us. AVell, it is simply
an alpine Strawberry in which the petals, stamens,
and carpels are all more or less foliaceous, the
receptacle, at first green, becoming, in course of
time, red and succulent, but bristling with the
green tips of the carpels or seed-vessels, which in
an ordinary Strawberry should be developed into
" pips " containing the seed. By the non-
botanical public, and even in standard pomo-
logical works, these pips are called seeds, but the
botanist recognises in them seed-vessels contain-
ing the seed. There is, then, nothing very won-
derful in the Plymouth Strawberry except its
rarity. A similar malformation is not un-
common in many flowers, and may occur in any.
Dr. Hogg's note in Masters' I'egetable Tera-
tology runs as follows, (and it may here be said,
that the Editor of the recent German edition of
the book in question has added nothing to the
record on this matter) : — " The Plymouth Straw-
berry (Fragaria vesca fructu hispido) is a sort of
botanical Dodo, upon which many have written,
but which few have seen. Many years have elapsed

MEETINGS.

TUESDAY. AUG

SHOWS
WEDNESDAY, Avfi. 10

THURSDAY, Are. 11 \ ?ll'l„^aylmg Horti^enltoal,
SATURDAY,

Taunton Dene Horticultu
Al'fi. 13— Matlock Bath Horticultural.

SALES.

Resurre-rit Dodo! In the year
'^St'ra'^vw"*'' '^^^ ^'■- ^°°" ^P"'^" °^ ■''"'■^

Strawberry as a Dodo that had
disappeared, and of whose previous existence,
indeed, many had doubted in a more or less
supercilious fashion. Duchesne, writing a
century ago, stated that it had " totalement dis-
paru," adding that the same fate would probably
overtake the Fraisier de Versailles (the Straw-
berry with one leaflet only), and other forms too
weak and too unimportant practically to resist
the revolutions which bring about the disap-
pearance of those monstrous productions, which
man has no special interest in preserving. So said
DuCHEs.NE, one of the best and most philosophic
of horticulturists, the precursor of Darwin in
showing that lineage was the real basis of the
natural system of classification, and, like him, one
who drew upon horticulture not onl}' for his facts
but for his philosophical inductions. So said, also,
less than twenty years ago, the foremost of English
pomologists. But neither the pomological philo-
sopher nor the practical pomologist was right in
his assertion. A few weeks ago a lady corre-
spondent sent specimens of this Strawberry to this
office from the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. Mr.
Lindsay tells us that it has been grown there for
so long a period that he has failed to trace the
date of its introduction, and, for the last eight
years, at least. Professor DirKsON has made use
of it to illustrate his lectures. That it is
probably to be found in more than one
garden where curiosities are cherished is
further shown by the fact that within
the last few days the present writer has met
with it under its old name of Fragaria muricata

Fig. 38.— the pLTMorTH str.iwbkri<y.

since it was first discovered ; and although a cen-
tury and a half have passed since there was any
evidence of its existence, it serves still as an illus-
tration for students in morphology of one of
those strange abnormal structures with which
the vegetable kingdom abounds."

It is to old .John Tradescant we are indebted
for the earliest record of this plant. Johnson
in his edition of " Gerard " says : — " Mr. John
Tradescant hath told me that he was the first
that tooke notice of this Strawberry, and that in
a woman's garden at Plimouth, whose daughter
had gathered and set the roots in her garden in
stead of the conmion Strawberry ; but she, finding
the fruit not to answer her expectation, intended
to throw it away ; which labour he spared her in
taking it and bestowing it among the lovers of
such varieties, in whose garden it is yet pre-
served." Doubtless one of those " lovers " was
his friend John Parkinson, who, in the
year 16:;!>, thus wrote concerning it: — "One
Strawberry more I promised to shew you,
which, although it be a wiUle kinde.
and of no use for meate, yet I would not
let this discourse passe without giving you the
knowledge of it. It is in leafe much like unto
the ordinary, but differeth in that the flower, if
it have any, is greene, or rather it beareth a small
head of greene leaves, many set thicke together
like unto a double ruffe, in the midst whereof
standeth the fruit, which, when it is ripe, shew^thi

to be soft and somewhat reddish, like unto a
Strawberry, but with many small harmlesse
prickles on them which may be eaten and
chewed in the mouth without any maner of
offence, and is somewhat pleasant as a Straw-
berry ; it is no great bearer, but those it doth
beare are set at the toppes of the stalks close
together, pleasant to behold, and fit for a gen-
tlewoman to weare on her arme, &c., as a rairitie,
in stead of a flowere."

Merret, in his Pina.c, published in 1667, says
he found it growing in the woods of Hyde Park
and Hampstead ; and Zanoni was the first to
figure it (with the exception of Parkinson's
rude woodcut) in his Istoria Butanica, published
in 1675. It is mentioned by Morison, and also
by Eay, the latter of whom inserts it in his
Synopsis, but without any habitat ; though in
his Historia Plantarum he says : — " Can-
tabrigife in horto per aliquot annos colui. '
From this time henceforth the Plymouth
Strawberry has become a botanical Dodo,
nothing more having been seen or heard of it,
except the mere record of the name. In 1766,
M. Duchesne informed the world of the
generosity of " M. Monti, Docteur de Philo-
sophie et de M^decine a Boulogne en Italic," who
divided with him a dried specimen taken from
his own herbarium, " Ce present pr^tieux m'ote
toute incertitude sur la nature de ce Fraisier et
sur ces caracteres monstrueux. II paroit ne pas
avoir aujourd'hui plus d'existence." So far Dr
Hogg.

Zanoni was the first as far as we can ascer-
tain to figure the plant in 1675, but we have
not had the opportunity of looking up his
figures. Parkinson in 1620, Jonhson (sic) in
1633,Tradescant,Pauli, Morison, andRAY,are
all cited by Duchesne as having mentioned the
plant. Parkinson's account is cited in Dr.HoGo's ■
note above given. Morison, who was Professor
of Botany and First Prefect of the Botanic Gar-
den at Oxford, writing in 1715 in his Plant. Hist.
Univers., tom. i., p. 185, speaks of Strawberries
with red, white, half red half white, whitish, twice
fruiting, and with double and semi-double flowers,
and describes at length our present plant as
Fragaria hortensis major : — " Flore herbaceo
fructu spinoso," refering it to the Fragaria
arborea flore herbaceo of Zanoni.

Duchesne's monograph on the Strawberry
(1766) is not in the Linhley Library, but for-
tunately Lamarck had the good fortune to se-
cure the co-operation of this writer in the publi-
cation of the article "Fraisier " in his Encyclo-
pcedie Methodique, 1786, p. 53.3. There Duchesne
gives a really admirable account of the botanical
history of the Strawberry in general, and of this
variety in particular. There, after citing the
authors we have before named, he tells us that
he had been enabled to examine the dried specimens
preserved at Bologna (presumably from the
same source as those mentioned by Zanoni),
and from which he concludes that this Strawberry
is not an undershrub (sous arbrissearu), that it
has not a green flower (a statement we do not
understand), that it does not bear Strawberries
good to eat, though indeed spiney ; that it is not
a species nor even a race, but an accidental mon-
strous and sterile variety, which, with its downy
leaves and strong stems, bears flowers without
petals ; the teeth of the calyx being folia-
ceous constitute the defective flower, to which
succeed misshapen, wretched (mciquins), hard,
acrid fruits, having only a trace of the flavour of
the Strawberry and of which the whole of the
ovaries are abortive . . . instead of containing
seed . . . and prolonged into little green spines like
the style of the Geum (benoife^ ; and that this

August 6, 1887.]

/

/

THE GABDENERS' ChIrONICLE.

165

Fig. 39. — the great siitbr eir at eoseneatb. (sse p. 1G6.)

166

THE GARDENERS' CHE ONI CLE.

[Avurvr G, 1887.

Strawberry, found at Pliniouth {sic) by Thades-
CAN'T about 1620, was cultivated for sixty to eighty
years in almost all the botanic gardens of Europe,
whence it has disappeared ; and so on. Well, as
we ha\'e said, it may have disappeared, but it has
reappeared, and is doing good service as food for
the mind, if not for the body, and so it is by no
means to be despised. It would be interesting
to know where Zan'oni got his plants from
how long it had been grown in Devonshire
cottage gardens, and where it hid itself from the
scrutiny of botanists — from Ducuesxe andllociG
— till we hear of it in Edinburgh eight or ten
years ago. No doubt it did not really disappear
(though that is possible) ; far more likely it
maintained itself by its runners in many a garden
and wood unnoticed and uncared for. "We quite
expect to hear, after the publication of this note,
that Dr. IIoGii's Dodo has kept its place in many
a poultry yard — we mean wild garden, where the
interest attaching to it was unknown or unheeded.

It is as well to mention that other curious
varieties of the Strawberry are still in existence,
such as that which produces no runners ( F. efia-
gellis"), the double-flowered variety; the mono-
phyllous form which has but one leaflet ; and the
variety, or varieties — for we have seen more than
one — in which the white petals remain as a
collar to the ripe fruit, instead of withering as
usual.

ilonE than usual interest at-

Tlie Fruit taches to the report which, owing
to the courtesy of our corre-
spondents in all parts of the three kingdoms, we
are enabled to give concerning the condition
and prospects of the Fruit Crops. The long,
tedious, and severe winter, followed by a summer
of unusual heat and drought, had led us to anti-
cipate a much more unfavourable report than
that we now present to our readers. Taking the
Apple crop as the most generally important, we
find that, in Scotland generally, and in the
Northern Counties, the Apple crop is fully an
average one, and the same applies in the Eastern
and Southern Counties, Kent and Sussex being
the worst off in this respect. In the Western
Counties, Apples in Hereford are recorded as
under average, as also in Worcester, Gloucester,
Devonshire and Monmouth.

Pears in Scotland and the North of England
are under average ; in the Eastern and Southern
Counties they are reported on the whole as
average, but in the Western they are mostly over
the usual crop.

Plums in Scotland are under average : in the
North of England they yield a fair crop, in
the East they are under the average. In the
West the crop is usually under the mark, but in
the South it is recorded as average.

Cherries have yielded well in Scotland, and
in the Northern, I'^stern, Southern, and
Western Counties.

Peaches and Nectarines, of course, are not re-
presented in Scotland ; but are average in the North
and East, over average in the South and West.

Small fruits are, or have been, generally
abundant in Scotland, the Northern, Eastern,
Southern, and AVestern Counties.

Strawberries have been generally good in
quantity, but deficient in quality.

Nuts are generally a fair average in all districts
where grown.

So that, on the whole, the return of the Fruit
Crops for the whole country may be taken as
generally satisfactory.

The Silver Fir at Roseneath.— For the
opportunity of representing tlie magnificent Silver
Fir (fig. 39) at Roseneath, county Dumbarton,

we are indeb|ted to the courtesy of R. B. White,
Esq., of Ardalrroch, also in that county, who kindly
placed the fnotograph at our disposal. In 1838
Loudon nottd it as tlie finest tree of the kind in
Scotland, and as having a height of 124 feet.
Evelyn mentioned one at HarefieUl, Jliddlesex,
introduced by Sergeant Newdigate in 1603,
and which in 1679 had attained a height
of 81 feet. From enquiries we made we
understand that this tree was cut down many
years since. Tlie symmetry of this Fir is often
interfered with by the loss of the leader and the
substitution of secondary ones. Nevertheless, it is
a handsome tree, and when seen with the sun
shining on the wet leaves after a shower, the ert'ect is
very lovely. It is a little tender when young, but
when once established grows freely. It prefers a
rich loamy soil, and when planted under suitable
circumstances forms timber rapidly, the timber being
of good quality for ordinary carpenter's purposes.
Both as an ornamental and as a timber tree it will,
Iiowever, in this country probably be surpassed by
the N0ED5IANN I'ir, Abies Nordmanniana.

The Ghent Quinquennial,— The provisional
programme of the competition classes for this im-
portant exhibition, to he held towards the end of
April next, has just been issued. The classes are
grouped under sixteen sections, comprising all
departments of horticulture. Those desirous of
obtaining information concerning this cosmopolitan
exhibition should write for particulars to the Secre-
tary of the SocietB Royale d'Agriculture et do
Botanique de Claud.

The " Kew Bulletin."— The last number

contains an article on the culture and jaeparation
of Anuatto. The plant, Bixa orellana, may be grown
in most tropical countries. The crushed seeds are
the parts used to form the dye, the chief use of
which is for colouring cheese and butter. A list of
economic plants cultivated at Dominica by the late
Dr. Imkay and Dr. Nicholls is given.

Moore Memorial. — Those gentlemen who

have not yet furnished their promised subscriptions
are requested to send them without delay to Mr.
Harry 3. Veitch, King's Road, Chelsea, or to Dr.
Mastees, at the office of this journal. The memorial
is erected in the Brompton Cemetery as mentioned
in our last issue. In addition to the subscriptions
previously announced, we are requested to mention
those of James Mackintosh, Esq., J. G. Baker, Esq.,
and Bhcce Fisdlay, Esq.

HOOKER'S " ICONES PLANTARUM."— The last
number completes the sixteenth volume, and com-
]irises twi-Uty-four lithographic illustrations of plants,
chiefly of scientific interest. The curious Snake-
nut of British Guiana is figured for the first time in
its entirety. Trapella sinensis is a very extraordi-
nary plant, with the habit of a Trapa or an Onagrad,
and a fruit like that of Martynia or Harpagophytum.
It is a native of Central China, and the internal
construction of the flower induces Professor Oliver,
who describes it, to place it in Pedaliaceic as an
aberrant member. Chimonanthus nitens is a second
species of a genus long regarded as monotypic, the
well-known species C. fragans beinga native of .lapan.

" Illustrations of British Fungi."— Dr.

C. M. Cooke has just issued, through Messrs.
Williams & Norgate, the forty-ninth part of his
very serviceable IlUt-iii rat ions of British Fungi the
plants of which now number 782.

Phylloxera on the Oak.— A correspondent
has sent us some leaves of an Oak spotted on the
u]iper surfaces with small colourless circular patches.
On examining the under surface of a leaf it was
found covered with Phylloxera in various stages,
like those of the Vine, but abundantly different, and
not producing the curious galls on root and leaf
which the Vine-louse does. Mr. McLachlan informs
us that the species is Phylloxera punctata.

Metropolitan Board of Works.— From

the report for ISSG, recently issued, it appears that
the parks, commons, and open spaces now under the
control of the Board are as follows ; -

A.-r.-^.

Fiiisbury Park !!.">

SouthWiirk Park 63

Gardens on the Victoria, Albert. an<l Chelsea Embank-
ments ami in Leicester Square H

niackl.eath 267

Hampatead Heath 2W

Shepherd's Eu9h Common 8

Loudon Fields ... -Gjs

Hackney Downs 41$

Wells Street Common 20^

North Mill Field ( .-j.

South Mill Field < "

Clapton Common 7^

Stolie Newington Common .^'j

Tooting Beck Common Hi

Tooting Graveney Common 6.1

Clapliam Common 220

Bostal Heath 55

Plumstead Common KK)

Shoulder-of-Mutton Green 5

Wormwood Scrubs Ui:J

Eel Brook Common 14

Parson's Green 4

Brook Green ... 7

Peckliam Rye ... 64

Nunhead Green IJ

Streatham Common la^

Highbury Fields 2.Ji

Dulwiih Park 73'

About3squaremiles. Weare strongly of opinion th.it
under existing circumstances it is now more desirable
to maintain or create a large number of small areas,
scattered here and there in crowded localities of our
large towns, than to form larger parks in the suburbs.

Mildew.— Sulphate of copper is being largely
used both in America and in France against mildew
in ^'ines. It is even suggested as a remedy for
Potato mildew, but as this grows in the interior of
the plant it is difficult to see that it can effect ranch
good. Amongst several methods of applying the
copper solution the simplest is to dissolve I lb. of
pure sulphate of copper in 25 gals, of water. Spray
the Vines with a force-pump with a nozzle of fine
aperture. The addition of one pint of ammonia to the
above solution adds to the effect. By ammonia we
presume a solution of the carbonate is intended.

The Production of Camphor in Taiw/au.
— In a report from Taiwan, China, it is stated that
there was formerly a fair trade done in camphor at
that place ; but of late years the export has almost
entirely ceased, in consequence of the risky nature
of the trade. The camphor is so b.adly prepared,
and is adulterated to such an extent, that the loss in
weight is excessive, and unless the cost price is ex-
tremely low there is little temptation to engage in
the business. The possible supply is practically
unlimited, but the inferior quality as compared with
Jajian camphor prevents any great demand for it in
Hong-Kong, the only market at present for Formosa
camphor. In 1885 a foreign firm at Taiwan made
an attempt to revive the trade. Contracts were
entered into at a price that, in view of the then state
of the Hong-Kong market, promised to show a hand-
some profit. In May, 1886, however, a proclamation
was issued by the Governor of the island annoimcing
that the Government monopoly iu camphor, wdiich
was abolished in 1868, had been revived, in order to
defray the expenses consequent on the attemjits
made to subdue aud civilise the aborigines. The
camphor already produced and stored in the interior,
awaiting a favourable opportunity for sending it
down to the port for shipment, was seized by the
Chinese authorities, notwithstanding its being
covered by a transit pass, and since the date of the
issue of the proclamation not a single tub of cam-
phor has found its way to the port. In the mean-
time the monopoly has not jirovcd so profitable to
the Government as was anticipated. The fixed rate
offered is much below that which foreign merchants
are prepared to pay, and the result of the Governor's
action has, so far, been simply to nip the reviving

An.r-r 0, 18S7.]

THE GA BDEXEJiS' CHB 0 NI CL E.

167

trade in the bud, without improving liis rovoaufs in
the slightest degn.-e.

A Striking Flower Bed.— In the Botanical
Garden at Manchester ^Ir. Findlay has two large
beds of the Kauunculus IVIarigold Meteor, mingled
with Phlox Uruniinondi, with an outer edging of
Verbenas and one of the hardy variegated grasses.
Each of these forms a centre in a segment of the
tiower gardens. They are very imposing in appear-
ance, and very striking, and though the JIarigold
seeds freely, it is yet vi*iy profuse of bloom .

Apple Crop in Canada.— The Canadian cor-
respondent of the LUrrpool Jonnml of Coiniiicnr
says : — It appears that the Apple crop in Canada
promises to be a good one. Ontario has not suffered
seriously from the drought which has been so dis-
astrous in the United States, and the crops, as a
rule, are in a flourishing condition. All kinds of
fruit are generally reported to be abundant in the
province, and with a favourable harvest the farmers
will have little to complain of except low prices.

Newcastle Flower Show.— The show is

arranged to be held on Wednesday and the two
following days, August 31, September 1 and L'.

Cinchonas in Java.— Consul McXeill report-
ing on the trade and commerce of the island of Java,
says that the area of land ])lanted with Cinchona on
private account is estimated at 21,000 acres, and the
number of trees at 30,000,000, of which about
14,000,000 are of C. succirubra. The crop for the
present year was estimated at the time of writing at
1,433,250 lb. The average proportion of sulphate
extracted from the bark is estimated at about 3 per
cent. In 1883, the last year for which returns are avail-
able of this area of land planted by the Government,
it w.as 177S acres, At the end of 1.8S6 the statistics
of the Government estates were as follows : —

Plauts ill the imrseries :—

IMants in the open ground : —

Ledgeriana

Calisaya and Hasskarliaim

succirubra aud faloptera

ofliciualis

laiicifolia

I.tl.'i.llOO
075,000

826,700
56,000
573.000
225,003

Narborough, Enderby, and District Hor-
ticultural Society.— The annual meeting of
this Society was held on Monday, August 1, and,
taking the season into account, the exhibition was a
very good one. In the cottagers' class the exhibits
were of average merit, though the Potatos were veiv
much smaller than in former years. The amateur's
and gentlemen's gardeners' classes were very full, and
showed great merit. Mr. Davis, gardener to Captain
DacMiiOND ; Mr. J. Exton, gardener at Narborough
Ilall ; and Mr. Claree, florist, of Narborough, showed
well, and also staged some fine plants for noncom-
petition. The Roses were below average. The
extra prizes fell to Messrs. Peuktns & Sons, of
Coventry, for thirty-six blooms, and Mr. Clarke for
twelve Teas. Tiie Rev. '\V. Langley, Rector of
Narborough, and the Rev. Wji. IIvnde. Vicar of
Costy, were also successful for twenty-four blooms
and eighteen. Mr. Beal, of Leceister, staged some
excellent Picotees and Carnations. Financially the
meeting was a success.

Peter Lawson & Son (Limited). — The

directors, i-eporting to the shareholders the results
of the company's business during the year ending
.Tune 30 last, state that after providing the sum of
£970 for discounts, abatements, &c., the accounts
show a surplus for the past year of £1028 15.^'. Id.,
which, with £5386 4.s. \ld. brought forward from
last balance, leaves £0415 Os. Qid. at the disposal of
the directors, out of which it is proposed to pay a
dividend of 74 per cent, per annum on the paid-up
capital, free of income-tax, p,'iyable'on September 1
next; this will absorb the sum' of £1312 Ws.; and it
is further proposed to place £2500 to a reserve fund,

and carryforward the balance, viz., £2602 lOf. 0<?., to
next year's account. The directors who pow retire
are Mr. M'Culloch and Mr. Tatlob.

Trade Notice.— Mr. T. Hakphmi, horticul-
tural decorator, &c., of 107, Church Street, Edgware
Road, London, N.W., has taken into partnership Mr.
Alfred Howes, and the firm \s\\\ in future be known
as Hahpam & Howes.

Notices of Books.

All about Indiarubber and Gutta-percha.

Compiled by A. M. and .J. Ferguson. (London :
John Iladdon & Co., Bouverie Street.)

"While it is very convenient to have between one
pair of boards so full an account of indiarubber and
analogous products, we could have wished that the
compilers had not told all about indiarubber, but had
made a judicious selection from the materials at their
disposal. They have been most industrious in their
compilation, most honest in acknowledging the sources
whence they have derived their information, but
they have scarcely been careful enough in estimating
the value of what they have amassed. After all
there is nothing particular in that — every one who has
to deal with a mixed mass of information is liable to
fall into a similar error: Darwin did so notably. To
give an illustration of our meaning, we may mention
the paragraph on p. 181, as to the organisation of
indiarubber in the human body. A statement like
this on the authority of " Professor Vanlair of
France," should not have been allowed insertion
without a caution or a large-sized ? In itself this is
a minor matter, but it confirms some practical men,
who already look askance on books, in their opinion
that printed information is of as little value as the
paper on which it is written. The index might well
liave been fuller, as it is ditficult with the present one
to find what one is in search of. We miss any re-
ference to the valuable information on rubber-pro-
ducing plants comprised in the annual reports of the
progress and condition of the Royal Garden, Kew,
now unfortunately discontinued.

Life of Charles Darwin. By G. T. Bettany.
(Walter Scott, Warwick Lane.)
Tins is a very readable and accui'ate summary of
the principal events of Darwin's life, with notices of
his principal books, their inception, and develop-
ment. The story has been often told, but none the
less, while we are awaiting the complete monograph,
which is in course of preparation by Dr. Francis
Darwin, this unpretending sketch may be welcome
to many. Some foot notes show that the author
and Mr. Grant Allen are not quite of one mind with
reference to some subjects — a circumstance which
readers of Mr. Grant Allen's brilliant but unsatisfac-
tory lucubrations will not altogether be surprised at

Handbook of the Fern Allies : a Sipiopsis of

the Genera and Species of Eqtiisetaee{e, Lycopo-
diacea, SelagbwUaccm, and jR]nzocarpe<e. By
J. G. Baker, F.R.S. (Bell & Sons.)
The title of this book is sufficiently explanatory.
It is one of those laborious technical works which are
extremely useful to the student, but for which he is
rarely sufficiently grateful. It is planned on the same
lines as the Species Filicum, and with it completes
the systematic enumeration of the vascular Crypto-
gams of the whole world. Twenty species of Equi-
setum are registered, described and authenticated ;
ninety-four species of Lycopodium, 334 species of
Selaginella, forty-nine species of Isoetes, forty of
Marsilia, besides the smaller genera, including only
four or five species each. References to the litera-
ture are given, but no attempt is made to trace the
genetic relations of the whole group, their connection
with the Couiferai, nor to deal with the fossil species
referred to it. Such information must be sought in

modern textbooks. Jlr. Baker's work is strictly
limited to the formation of an ample desciiptive
catalogue, and his name is a sufficient guarantee of
the way in which he has executed his task. The
fact that there was previously no such complete list
conveniently accessible makes Mr. Baker's new book
the more valuable.

A School Flora : for the I'se of Elementary
Botanical Cla.^ses. By W. Marshall' Watts, D.Sc.
(Uivingtons.)
A very simple and useful little book, which will
enable the pupil with but little aid from a master to
ascertain the name and botanical status of our com-
mon wild plants. It is carefully printed, with few
errors, and is altogether creditable to author and
printer.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Bosh Fuorrs. — As these become cleared of their
fruits the nets should be removed and stored awav.
See that late varieties of red and white Currants are
properly secured from birds. Such fine varieties as
Raby Castle and Cherry Red will keep in good con-
dition till late into the autumn if properly secured.
The weeds that may have accumulated amongst the
bushes during the busy time of fruit gathering should
now be cleared off, and the fruit quarters be made
thoroughly clean.

Early Apples and. Pears. — Early dessert varieties of
Apples, such as Early Red M.argaret, Irish Peach,
and Red Astrachan, are best gathered direct from
the trees for dessert purposes. For culinary purposes
fruit of Lord Suffield may now be used. In gathering,
a few should be taken from every part of the tree,
which will thereby be enabled to develope the re-
mainder to a large size. Early varieties of Pears in
warm positions on walls will soon be fit for gathering.
Fruits of Doyenne d'Eto from a tree on a west ivall
are now ripe with us (August 1). A few dozen of
fruits of Jargonelle may now be gathered; in most
gardens a few trees of each variety are grown on
various aspects, and by this means the supply can be
greatly lengthened out by gathering a few dozen at a
time, according to requirements, taking the most
forward from every part of the trees, and place on
the shelves in the fruit-room till ready for use. Trees
of Williams' Bon Chretien, also grown on various
aspects, will follow up the Jargonelles for supply.
7?. ]yard, Hewell, Bromsgroce.

DISEASE OF TOMATOS.

(Dactylu'M eoseum {Berk.) vah.)
DcHiSG the last five or six years Toinatos, both
under glass and in the open air, have been e.xten-
sively destroyed by the common fungus named
Dactylium roseum, Berkeley. This fungus almost
invariably grows upon decaying plants, and it has
not hitherto, as far as I know, been credited with
the power of leading a parasitic life upon living
plants, yet the present evidence seems incontro-
vertible that Dactylium roseum can not only live
as a true parasite, but can destroy Tomato plants
with a certainty and rapidity only equalled by Peron-
ospora infestans itself.

The summer never passes now but several corre-
spondents complain in the Gardeners' Chronicle that
their entire stock of Tomato plants has been swept
ofi' by a mystei'ious and overwhelming attack of a very
pale rose-coloured or very pale carnation-tinted mil-
dew. This mildew grows on both sides of the leaves,
and in bad cases the leaves show a colour more like
the palest pink coral than gi-een ; the affected
leaves become distorted, and then rapidly rot, the
end, of course, being the total destruction of the
plants. It is usual in plant diseases to receive a
single leaf from correspondents, but in the case
under description I have two or three times received
hampers full of these white or pink-tinted and stink-
ing leaves.

This virulent form of Tomato disease may not be
widely spread ; I have not at present received suiS-

1G8

THE GARDENEBS' GIIBONICLE.

[AcocsT 0, 1887.

cient data to form a conclusion. The fact, however,
remains, that many correspondents'have sent Tomato
foliage to the Gardmcrs' Chronide office, and to me
direct, in the condition above described.

The accompanying illustration (fig. 40) represents
this whitish-rose coloured mildew of Tomatos, en-
larged 400 diameters. I take it to be without doubt
an aberrant form of the common Dactylium roseum.
I know as well as any one that the illustration does
not look much like D. roseum : it does not well .agree
with the " stock " descriptions or the " stock " illus-
trations, and I confess tliat it does not well agree
with the typical living D. roseum itself. Still, I
think this Tomato fungus can be no other than tiie
one to which I have referred it. It is an aberrant
variety differing from the type in form and more
especially in its parasitic habit: the latter is
certainly remarkable. Some observers would, no
doubt, be inclined to look upon this fungus as a new
species, but my dislike to new species of fungi is so
strong (not one described fungus in twenty being
worthy of specific rank), that I should indeed be very
sorry to suggest a new name.

It is hardly necessary to describe the illustration ;
an enormous abundance of short colourless fungus
stems start from a densely compacted stratum of
thick spawn threads. The fungus stems support
numerous veri' pale rose-coloured spores of diverse
sizes ; the shape, however, always remains per-
manent. The spores may be simple (or undivided),
or divided with from one to three partitions ; seven
spores of different sizes and differently divided are
seen on the right-hand side of the illustration ; they
exhibit quite enough diversity for seven different
species, according to some authors. The spores ger-
minate as illustrated at A D c, often whilst still
attached to their mother threads.

It would seem that under ordinary conditions
Dactylium roseum is content to lead a non-parasitic
life on decaying vegetation ; but under special con-
ditions it is able to e.xalt itself to the status of a
true and voracious parasite. Dactylium is probably
a mere imperfect form of some other fungus, pro-
bably one of the Sphariaceic.

In the Gardeners' Clironick for November 12, 18S1,
p. G20, Mr. C. B. Plowright has described and illus-
trated a parasitic Dactylium on Tomatos, under the
name of D. lycopersici. It is said rarely to attack
Tomatos, and to commence growth upon the base of
the fruit near the stalk. The spores are said to be
produced in threes upon the terminal extremities
of their supporting stems. Mr. Plowright has un-
fortunately given no scale to his illustration. I have
never seen the fungus described by me produce its
spores in terminal growths of threes, or seen it on
the fruit of Tomato plants. I have forwarded an
example of the fungus I have here described to Mr.
Plowright, and he considers it to be different from
his D. lycopersici.

Whether sulphiu- will keep the fungus within
bounds in greenhouses experience must decide.
Parasitic fungi are always difficult to reach, whether
indoors or out. Out-of-doors it seems at present
almost impossible to stay their ravages. IVortliiiinloa
G. S,iiit/i. Diinstahh.

ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUJI.

This very distinct and effective Odontoglossum
(fig. 41) was imported by Messrs. Horsmann & Co.,
Colchester, from whom the stock was acquired bv
Messrs. 3. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, and it was named
by Prof Reichenbacli in honour of Mr. Harry
Veitch, as being the most remarkable novelty which
the Professor had obtained from the firm during the
last twenty years. Such was the opinion expressed
by Prof Reichenbach in our columns (October 16,
1886, p. 486) when the description of the plant was
made public. The sjiecimen from which the illus-
tration now presented (o our readers was taken was
exhibited at the last meeting of the Koyal Horti-
cultural Society by Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans, two
plants being shown, when a First-class Certificate
was awarded to it. The figure, which is natural size,
gives a good representation of this flower. The
sepals «re trown, with transverse greenish-yellow

lines. Tile petals are similar in colour, and project
straight ijorward. The lip is very large, divided
across the middle into two pieces, the one pure
white, the other brownish-lake, with bright yellow
fringe-like crests. In habit and form the plant
much resembles O. luteo-purpureum. This is a
valuable addition to cool Orchids, and we expect it
will become a great favourite among growers of
Orcliids for its striking form and singular combina-
tion of colours.

Home Correspondence.

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— Wliile
thanking you for your sympathetic notice of my
letter to the President of "the Royal Hoiticultural
Society, may I ask you to let me explain why I wrote
it, and why I " ignored " the financial question ? It is
very clear that the Society cannot go on unless its
friends put their hands in their pockets and give it a
fresh financial start. I do not see how any one can
be asked either to give or to guarantee, until it is
known what the Society proposes to do. Since no
one else seemed ready to undertake the task, I ven-
tured in the letter in question to sketcli out a " pro-
gi-amme " for the Society's work in the future. No
one knows better than 1 do the shortcomings of that

cr9;.'3"'v±2r:

Fig. to.— dactylium iiosf.u:\i: tomato disease

programme ; I only put it forward as a feeler in the
hope that either it in an improved form, or some
other programme, might be accepted by horticulturists
as a basis for the renovated Society. When an
acceptable programme is determined on, an appeal
may be made for funds, and I am assured that such an
appeal will not be made in vain. But it is surely use-
less end indeed it would be wrong to make an appeal
for funds without a definite plan in view. That is why
I limited myself to starting a plan, and said nothing
about funds. M. Foster. [Other letters on this sub-
ject are postponed. Ed.].

WATERING OF PLANTS.— The importance of this
subject is fully sliown by the earnestness with which it
is taken up by practical gardeners. Mr. S. Heaton,
in last week's issue, brings us to the consideration
of another branch of watering — namely, that of
indoor watering, which is equally important with
that of outdoor watering, but the features are dif-
ferent, because in the case of glasshouses we have
the control both of heat and moisture. I think S.
Heaton somewhat overstates his case, for I never
even hinted that it was impossible for plants to live
under the system of evening watering ; such a state-
ment would be far from correct, for we have contra-
dictory evidence of this every day. But tliere must
be a right and a ivrong way of going to work, and
what we wish to arrive at from practical men is the
best time of day and the best method of application
of artificial watering. S. Heaton says he finds " not
one iota of difference with indoor plants (Cucumbers),
whether he waters in the morning or evening." I
imagine feiy would doubt this, because, a« I' have

said, we have with all the better constructed glass-
houses complete control both of the heat and the
moisture. On the other hand, his statement that
he gets " equally good results " whether he uses
tepid or cold water, I certainly think is open to con-
siderable doubt. But what' does he intend his
readers to understand by " cold " water ? Surely
he would not use freshly drawn cold well water
or rain-water from a cold underground tank, or
cold spring water drawn direct from a water
company's main, and employ it at once to his
Cucumber plants and yet get good returns! I
have seen such a practice followed, with the result
that three- fourths of the blooms of the jjlants to
which such water was applied dropped off. Put
cold spring water on to French Beans in full
Hower and then watch the result. How often do we
hear such remarks as " Half my Peach blooms
have fallen off," "I have lost my best blooms of
such or such a plant," and the like ; and this mis-
fortune is put down to a bad season or to " my cursed
luck," whereas in too many cases we fear the gar-
dener himself or his inexperienced assistant, might be
credited with the mischief There is too much hap-
hazard work among English farmers, cheese and
butter manufacturers, and may we not say among the
English horticulturists? Hence the more methodical
foreigner cuts us out of the market. In all the better
establishments everything is done by method and rale,
aided by suitable instruments ; nothing is left to
chance, consequently a more constantly good return
is the result, and failure is reduced to a minimum.
I would advise that the temperature of the water
(determined by thermometer) to be used in a glass-
house be as nearly as posssible of the same
warmth as the atmosphere of the house itself.
It may not be out of place to call attention to some
carefully conducted experiments upon tliis subject by
Professor J. Wiessner, who found " that moistened
leaves of plants transpire much more freely than
when they are in a dry condition, and therefore that
a larger quantity of water is then withdrawn from
the soil by the roots of the growing plants." From
this fact the Professor argues that plants should not
be watered on the leaf unless the soil is likewise
moist. The small amount of extra transpiration in-
duced by dew, he thinks, can do no harm, as it is
almost certain that the ground will at the same time
be sufficiently moist to supply to the growing plants
the requisite quantity of water. The action of rain-
water, whether naturiiUy or artificially applied, was
proved to be by far the most beneficial to the grow-
ing plants, as by its aid the solubility of plant-food
becomes the most rapid. J, J. W,

HABITS OF DELPHINIUMS.— The interesting con-
tributions of Dr. Bonavia to this paper have lately
shown us with what care he has studied the structure
of the Delphinium, as also the impregnating qualities
of the bee with regard to this noble flower. I
wonder if Dr. Bonavia has ever observed the pecu-
liarity the Delphinium has of ever preserving the seed-
pods upright, and whether he or any other observer
has noticed this property in any other plant. I have
seen a spike of the seed-pods of the Delphinium
broken, and lying horizontally, and the pods,
formerly parallel to the stem, had now regained
their upright posture. Only this afternoon I noticed
that one spike was lying broken with the point to
the ground, and each section of the seed-pods twisted
in such a manner that no seed could fall out.
Whether this was the normal sliape of the seed-pods
of the plant in question I cannot determine, but I
rather think not. Adolcscciis.

SCARLET WILD FLOWERS.— In the last edition
of Miss C. M. Younge's Ilerh nf the FieJd, there is an
allusion (p. 182) to the Pimpernel as " one of the
three scarlet flowers of sober England." Can you
inform me which are the other two ? The common
Poppv is one, if it be truly indigenous. Leirion.
[Adonis autumnalis, a naturalised subject, is a
third. Centranthus ruber, Trifolium incarnatum, and
tlie Saintfoin, approximate to scarlet. Ed.].

ROSES AT PETERBOROUGH.— At the Eastgate
Nurseries, Peterborough, Mr. John House has a
large house, which some years ago he planted with
Roses, and from which he each season gets enormous
crops of flower. In one corner there is a truly w-on-
derful plant of Tea Rose Climbing Devoniensis on
its own roots, planted twelve years' since. It has
nine main, almost trunk-like shoots, and it covers a
large portion of the interior of the roof of the west
side of the house in which it is planted. From this

AuGusr G, 1887.]

THE GARDENEES' CHRC^NICLE.

1G9

jilant Mr. House gets an unexampled quantity of
flowers early in the year. In addition there are very
fine plants of Noisettes, Marcchal Niel, La Marque,
and William Allen Kichardson. From these flowers
are had soon after Christmas. The roots appear to
have got away a considerable distance outside of the
house, for the gi'owth is free, and yet the plants are
highly floriferous. W. A. Kichardson appears to be
on some stock that induces flowering rather than
gross wood, though it makes a free growth and blooms
abundantly. Sir. House states that W. A. Richard-
son should be grown u)ion the Brier, except in the
Fen districts, and there it does best on its own roots.
When on its own roots it strikes strong tap-roots
into the bog soil and does well, but when on the
Brier the small fibry roots put forth near the surface
root in the moist bog earth. Mr. House appears to
be of opinion that there are in cultivation two dis-
tinct strains of W. A. Kichardson— one much better

as many as forty-five blossoms. It is by nio means
a diflicult plant to cultivate when treated as a cool
greenhouse plant, using as a compost peiat, loam,
and sand in about equal quantities. Tiie plant,
when subjected to a high temperature, is liable to be
attacked by insect pests. What a fine subject this
would be for planting out in a well prepared border,
and allowed to grow freely, trained either against a
wall or up a pillar, li. 1'.

THE QUALITY OF EARLY POTATOS THIS YEAR.
— I commenced to use Myatt's Ashleaf Kidney on
,Iune 9 in a warm south border, and since then have
tried in succession Carters Eight Weeks, First Crop
Kidney, Beauty of Hebron, Fillbasket, Flounders
(always a heavy cropper). Pride of America, Snow-
flake, Cosmopolitan, and Early Rose. I have others
on trial from various quarters, but have not examined
them. The soil is an upland loam of limestone for-

FlO. 41. — ODONTOGLOSSOM HAEBVANUM. (.SEE P. 16.S.)

in all respects than the other. He has the last, and
he states it originated as a sport from the other, and
the improvement having been noted, it was propa-
gated, and so made permanent. That Mr. House
can grow this Rose to perfection both within and
without doors there can be no doubt, if. D.

EL/EOCARPUS CYANEUS (RETICULATUS SYN.).

— Nothing I have seen of late has given me so much
pleasure as the meeting with this beautiful New
Holland shrub in the nursery gardens of Messrs.
Backhouse & Son, York. The leaves are similar in
size and shape to those of the Laurustinus. Its
chief beauty, however, is in its lovely pure white
Lily-of-the- Valley-like blossoms (but twice the
size), which are charmingly fringed on the edge of
the corolla, reminding one in this respect of Solda-
nella aljiina. The flowers are produced near the
e-xtremities of the previous year's growth, on short
one-sided spikes. So freely does it flower that on
one small branchlet I counted seven spikes, bearing

mation, fairly manured and naturally dryish. The
season was unusually warm and almost wholly dry ;
under these circumstances I was not surprised to
find the tubers comparatively small, but am very
much so, to find the quality uniformly below the
average. Permit me to ask is this an exceptional
case ? W. J. Murphy, Clonmel.

EDUCATION, TECHNICAL AND OTHER.— Your

notice of a speech by Sir John Lubbock, wherein he
says we import £150,000,000 worth of food, should,
as you justly remark, compel attention. I am con-
vinced that £100,000,000 worth of this could be
easily produced at home if a protective duty were
put on the imports of the foreign producer equal to
the ta.xes paid by the home producer. It will be said,
" Oh ! but he pays a tax in his own country." Yes,
but the climate he produces in renders his competi-
tion unfair to us unless he pays a tax on the produce
he sends here equal to the benefit he derives from
the extra sun.shine and finer climate he enjoys.

I am one of those sturdy Englishmen who,
in common with the majority of our race, want
no unfair kind of protection, and ask none against
any race of men, but let us have fair l)lay,
and we need not fear the fair competition of the
world ; but this little country arrogates to itself the
brain-power of the world in its Free-trade policy
(or, at least, some portion of the country), for it seems
strange that eight out of ten one speaks to on the sub-
ject of free importations see that it means the ruin of
English industry. I fancy I see the wave coming
in the distance that will sweep away this unfair com-
jjetition. It is contrary to all Nature. Self-preserva-
tion is the first law of Nature ; break any of her
laws and punishment follows, as sure as the night
does the day. Why, the common insects in our
gardens teach us many things if we would but learn.
The bee will not allow the stranger of another brood
to eat the honey out of her hive, the ant will not
liave intruders ; even the common sparrow does not
like a stranger biid in the fiock ; let but a hawk
ai)pear, and the sparrows combine for common pro-
tection. Here lies the cause of our trades unions,
boycotting, and other combinations. Canada has
just put a protective duty on our iron (?). The bank-
ruptcies of our farmers, market gardeners, and
florists which have taken place within the last five or
ten years indicate the presence of the foreign hawk.
It makes me psk if all instinct of self presen-ation is
departed from us ? If not, let us rally round one
common standard, and insist on fair play. Who will
carry the flag into the first action ? Why, till an
abler man, and one willing to do it, steps into the
breach, I will, if called upon, and then let us all
follow it till we see it planted firmly in our midst.
Let any man figure to himself what £100,000,000
of money means, paid annually in wages to our
gardeners, farm labourers, and others ; these, again,
spending it witii the shopkeepers, these with the
manufacturers, and so on. The waste land would
smile with plenty, and no complaining in our streets;
workhouses and jails nearly empty, and the foreigner
contributing towards our taxation according to the
benefit he received from us. Eilwd. Collins.

PORTLAND CEMENT. — I can testify to the
usefulness of this material, as stated in reference to
repairing woodwork with Portland cement. A few
weeks ago the threshold and door jambs of our stoke-
hole had rotted away. The builder suggested instead
of repairing the decayed parts with Oak to repair it
all with cement ; so the threshold was laid with very
hard white bricks in Portland cement, and a scarf
of cement was put to the jambs in the way Mr.
Smy the described some time ago. In a couple of days
it had set as hard as stone, and the builder assures
us that it will last as long as new timber at less than
half the trouble and expense. About seven years
ago, being at Portsmouth, I called upon a nurser}'-
nian friend of mine who had just begun to build a
greenhouse; he had got in the foundation and had
begun to lay the hot-water pipes, which he was doing
by laying the pipes before he built the walls, &c.,
because it was much easier to do so than after the
house was built. He had built up some brick piers
to rest the pipes on to the level required, and was
laying the pipes in their places, keeping them in
jiosition at the sides and in the sockets with wooden
wedges. After making them quite firm he proceeded to
fill up each joint very carefully with Portland cement
about the consistency of builder's mortar, and then
formed rather a thick fillet on the outside at the edge
of the socket. The work was done with his hands
without using a trowel. In reply to a question, he
told me he never used indiarubber rings, as they
would cost 9(Z. each, and the cement costs only a few
]ience, and he could do it himself without any help.
Heat from the water has no effect on the cement, it
does not crack or part from the metal, the joints
being as perfect as any material could make them,
and no case of failure has come to my notice. There
is a nurseryman in this neighbourhood who has seven
greenhouses, all of which are heated with one large
saddle boiler and 4-inch pipes, and every joint is
made with Portland cemeut — the only precaution
taken is to see that the pipes are wedged up securely
before the joints are made, so that they may not shift
on the piers or in their sockets — for if that were to
occur before the cement hardens, the joint might be
imperfect. If any one is timid lest the joint next the
furnace should be injured by the heat of the fire, iron
cement or any other fire-proof material may be used;
this is a precaution I should always take myself.
Some few years ago on going into my Fern-house I
found one of the joints was leaking — quite a large
stream. Mv first tlionght was to 1,-t all the water

170

THE GABDEKEBS' CUB ON I CLE.

[AuGrsT 6, 1887.

out of the piiJes, and send for the jiipe-larer to repair
the joint, but considering that it would take con-
siderable time to do that, I determined to stop it
myself, so with some tow I caulked the joint, which
thus checked the leakafje somewhat, and afterwards
by throwin.fj dry cemont on to the leak, and per-
severing with it for half an hour the leak was
stopped, and I then formed the joint into shape with
the moist cement. This joint is now as perfect as
■when it was made. Some twenty years ago I paid
£80 to a professional pipe-layer for heating a set of
greenhouses, and which it took nearly a month to
perform, l)eRides making a tremendous fuss about it.
»5 if they were the only people in the world that
conld lay pipes. I could do it now with my own
men in a week, at less than half the cost, and make
a much better job of it. C. Dimmick-.

A PROLIFEROUS ADIANTUM.— I have recently
received from JNIr. Greenwood Pim, of Monkstown,
CO. Dublin, a frond of Adiantura Capillus-Veneris
var. Daphnites, upon which a very remarkable form
of proliferation appears and merits record. In this
case there are clusters of young plants protruding
from under tlie normal indusia, and upon examination
it appears tliattlie sporangia (?) become transformed
directly into I'erns of the spore-bearing generation
instead of first developing into prothalli (?),as in cases
of apospory. This mode of reproduction is differen-
tiated, I believe, from all others so far recorded.
The nearest approach is the transformation of sori
and indusia into solitary buds and scales which has
been found to occur on several plumose forms of
Athyrium Filix-foemina (Garil. Chron. December 22,
1883). In these cases, however, a single ordinary
bulbil surrounded by scales is developed from the
base of the sorus, but the Adiantum in question
differs essentially, inasmuch as the indusium persists,
and the site of the sorus gives birth apparently to
as many plants as there would normally be spore-
cases. Tlie many forms of jiroliferation which have
been noted upon our Britisli Ferns during the past
few years show conclusively that they merit more
attention than they formerly received, and I am
therefore especially grateful to Mr. I'im for the
opportunity he has kindly afforded me of comparing
this case with the others previously investigated.
C. T. Bmcry. [Substitution is not transformation. Ed.]

NEW SWEET PEAS.— Mr. H. Eckford must be
congratulated on the batch of charming new varieties
of Sweet Peas he sent to a recent meeting of the
Koyal Horticultural Society. Like other raisers
of new varieties of any flower, Mr. Eckford can see
in his seedlings points of difference that are not so
readily discovered by those who have a less intimate
knowledge of a florist's particular fancy. But Mr.
Eckford is raising new and distinct varieties that are
gladly welcomed by tliose who take delight in these
fragi'ant Sweet Peas. First-class Certificates of
Merit were awarded to Mauve Queen, the standard
and wings delicate mauve, pretty in colour, and very
distinct; Splendour, an extremely beautiful rose-
coloured variety, briglit in colour, large and stout in
all its parts — distinct, and very fine ; and Primrose,
pale primrose, the first real advance towards a yellow
Sweet Pea — distinct and attractive. Two other
varieties deserved this award, because of their
distinctness, viz., Apple Blossom, clear pale rose
standards, delicate blush-pink wings and keel
— very pretty ; and Miss Hunt, pale rosy-
salmon, slightly shaded, delicate rosy-mauve wings
and keels — very pretty. Other good varieties were
Mrs. Eckford, standards white, flushed with pink,
and slight flakes of rose, white wings — pretty and
distinct ; Delight, the standards delicate pink, the
wings wliite ; and Maggie Ewing, the standards and
wings suffused with pink, and white keel. Two pure
white varieties were also shown by Mr. Eckford. In
the case of one of them the flowers were large, stout,
and very pure, and it may be regarded as an advance
upon the old white Sweet Pea. 7?. D.

BOTANICAL STATIONS IN THE WEST INDIES.—
I was very gl.id to see the remarks in the Gardeners'
Chronicle under this heading, for such establishments
should indeed be most opportune. Tliere are no
nurserymen or gardeners in the "West Indies, and
consequently the residents know very little about
any branch of horticulture. The Botanic Gardens
of Demerara, Jamaica, and Trinidad (I never heard
of any others) are quite insuflicient for the purpose
of ditfusing a knowledge of tropical agriculture. The
Demerara garden is the best, and is well kept up
and excellently managed in every respect ; that of
Trinidad contains some valuable plants, but Is not

so well looked after as it might be i wliile that of
Jamaica — the Castleton Garden as it is called — is no
doubt useful for purposes of acclimatisation, but is
too high up on the hills to be accessible. I did not
go, simply because the jouraey was too expensive. I
wanted to go from Kingstown, but gave up the idea
when I found that it would cost mo £2 to get tliire
and back. A branch garden, as it were, in e^■ery
island is wanted, not for show but for use, and con-
ducted in a businesslike way. If the existing de-
pression results in teaching our fellow countrymen
in the sugar colonies the utter folly of depending
upon one product alone it will be a blessing in dis-
guise. G. Layanl.

Societies.

ROYAL HOBTICULTUKAL.

Scientific Committee.

July 26. ^Present : Dr. M. T. Jlasters, F.K S., in
the chair ; Messrs. Smee, O'Brien, Wilson, MacLach-
lan, Bennett, Smith, and the Hon. Sec, Kev. G.
Henslow.

Eri/Vf/imn r/igantcum. — Mr. Wilson showed a hand-
some s])ray of this plant, remarking that it was
extraordinarily attractive to bees, which seemed to
prefer it to all otlier flowers in blossom at the same
time. He was not aware of its having been noticed
as a " bee-plant," but strongly recommended it.

Strrptocarpiis liyb. — An interesting series, raised at
Kew, was exhibited, between S. Dunnii (male jtarent)
.and S. Eexii (female) ; also between S. Dunnii and
S. parviflorus. Dr. Masters called attention to the
great inteiest attaching to these plants, and to their
curious habit of producing only one leaf subsequent
to the cotvledons.

" Bust " on Plants. — Specimens of Croton, Begonia,
Bouvardia, and Sol.inum, supposed to be attacked by
rust, were received from Messrr. J. R. Pearson &
Sons, Chilwell. They were referred to Mr. W. G.
Smith for examination and report. [We are infonned
that no fungus was found on these specimens. Ed.]

Cf/pripediidn Lrnvrcncianum Malformed, received
from Mr. Gordon, Twickenham. It was referred to
Dr. blasters for examination and report.

BUopliosphora graminis. — A specimen of this
curious fungus, which attacks ears of Wheat, destroy-
ing spikelets and disorganising the stem, was exhi-
bited and described by Mr. Smith. It is local
and erratic in its appearance It occurred in South
Bedfordshire.

Fasciaied Stems. — Mr. Wilson remarked upon the
prevalence of fasciated stems in Lilium auratum.
Professor Church corroborated his observations by
mentioning a .simil.ir occurrence in Kew Gardens.
Mr. O'Brien observed that the habit has become
more or less fixed in L. lancifolium when raised from
bulbs, but nothing is known fully of this variety mon-
strosum, being raised from seed. Apropos of raising
Lilies by seed, Mr. O'Brien remarked that if seeds of
Lilies be saved and sown in South Africa they will flower
within six mouths, whereas in England it takes over
twelve months. Also, if English-saved seeds be
planted in South Africa they will not bloom under a
year; showing the influence of climate upon the
development of the plant. The only Lily, Mr.
Wilson remarked, which comes up quickly is L.
tenuifolium.

Aiootiana affinis. — Mr. MacLachlan exhibited a
blossom in a synanthic state.

Laurel Leaem IlrcoverineifroM Frost. — Mr. Henslow
showed a drawing and specimen of Laurel leaves
which had been severely injured at their apices and
along the margins in early spring, but which had
thrown off the injured part and formed a new cuticu-
larised edge in jilace of it. The serratures were want-
ing, so that the portions renewed were entire. They
were received from F. C. White, Esq., of Ealing.

Varietii's of Wheat. — Dr. Masters exhibited speci-
mens of Wheat received from Messrs. Carter & Co.,
showing the extreme variations raised by them on
well-kno^vn varieties.

Gla~inf/ Ban for Glasshouses. — A specimen was
exhibited and explained by the patentees, Messrs. E.
& F. Newton, of Hitchin and Steveuiige. The
merits of the invention lay in the facilities for allow-
ing the glass to expand and contract under varying
temperatures ; and the method of conveying away
the drip-water; also in the ventilation, and the im-
portant point of price. In all these particulars the
committee were favourably disposed towards the in-
vention. Mr. O'Brien and Mr. Smee undertook to

report more fully at the next meeting upon the
invention.

Cattletja Gas/celliana.— The Hon. and Rev. J. T.
Boscawen exhibited splendid sprays of this Orchid,
showing various tints. They were from plants
imported in the spring of 188G. A vote of thanks
was given to him.

Conclusion of the Session. — As the present was the
last meeting of the summer session, a vote of
thanks was passed to the Chairman and Hon.
Secretary.

SCOTTISH ABBOEICtrLTUBAL,

Visit to Baljiou.\l. — The annual excursion of this
Society was made this year to Balmoral and the other
royal jiroperties in the Braemar district, on the 28th
and 2yth ult. The Queen, who is Patroness of the
Society, not only gave her permission to the mem-
bers to visit and inspect the plantations and forests in
the neighbourhood of her Highland home, but also
instructed Dr. Profeit, Her Majesty's Commissioner,
to entertain the party at luncheon in Balmoral
Castle on both days — a duty which he most cour-
teously and liberally discharged. The rallying point
was Aberdeen, on the evening of the 27th, where
over seventy persons met from all jiarts of the
country. The Soutliern contingent, numbering over
forty persons, on leaving Edinburgh was strengthened
by the addition of members who joined the train at
various peints on the route from Edinburgh to
Aberdeen.

Among those who took part in the excursion were:
—Dr. Hugh Cleghorn, of Strathvitliie ; R. V. Kyrke,
of Pen-y-wern. Wales ; Professor Boulger, London ;
Messrs. James Watt, Carlisle; Alexiinder, Edin-
burgh ; Milne, Edinburgh ; Dunn, Dalkeith ; McCor-
quodale, Scone ; Crawford, San Francisco ; Te
Waugh, nurseryman. New Zealand ; Barton, forester,
Hatfield ; D<avidson, Haydon Bridge, Secretary of the
English Arboricultural Society; R. Lindsay, Royal
Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh ; D. Dewar, forester,
Beaufort Castle.

The party left Aberdeen on Thursday morning at
•7'45 A.M., and were met at Ballater by Dr. Profeit
and Mr. Michie, Her M.ijesty's forester. Entering
the vehicles provided for the ]>arly here, the business
of the excursion began. Taking the way of Glen
JIuick the first stoppage was made to inspect Knock
Castle, an old ruin of historic interest, and two and
a half miles from Ballater, on the Birkhall estate.
The surrounding woods are extensive, but of no gi-eat
age or size. Tliey range from thirty to a hundred
years old, bear the marks of having had little atten-
tion or care devoted to them in their earlier years,
but sre now improving under the skilful management
of Mr. Michie. Scotch F'ir, Larch, .and Birch form
the greater part of these plantations. Here and
tliere in the progress of the party through the Birk-
hall estate, in a distance of some eight miles,
attention was arrested by some patriarchs of the
former forests towering above the plantations which
liave been more recently made. Among the few old
Oaks still standing, of respectable dimensions, con-
sidering the latitude and elevation of the district,
one only was measured by Kay's dendrometer, and
found to be 5 feet 7 inches girt, with a spreading top
in excellent health. Near the house of Birkhall
some fine Silver and Spruce Firs were found, the
former measured « feet 8 inches 5 feet from the
ground, and 75 feet high ; and the latter 7 feet

7 inches at same height from the ground, and 90 feet
high. Some very fine Larches were also noted in
this neighbourhood, the largest of which measured

8 feet 6 inches girth and 90 feet high. Their Iiealthy
tops .and vigorous condition bespeak their reaching
a great age and large dimensions.

Leaving Birkhall the party ascended Glen Muick
as far as the hut — a royal shooting-box pleasantly
situated on the banks of Altnaguissach Loch. The
woods surrounding the loch and the hut, are com-
posed chiefly of Birch and Scotch Fir. Here, at an
elevation of over 1000 feet, experiments had been
made in planting some of the finer Conifers. Those
doing best were Abies nobilis in both the typical
and the glaucous forms, the latter being fully the
most vigorous but more frequently deprived of its
leaders by the agency of wind, birds, and squirrels.
Abies Veitchii was also doing remarkably well.

Tlie party then made its way to Balmoral across
the hills, many of which were clothed with natural
forests of .Scotch Fir and Larch reaching to their
summits, many trees of considerable dimensions
standing out clear on the sky-line at elevations of
2(XI0 feet and upwards, and gi'owing simply in the
fissures of the denuded rocks, Balmoral was reached

AiGisi- G, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEBS' CEIRONICLE.

i

171

about 3 o'clock, and after limclieon the "Health of
Her JIajesty " was proposed by Dr. Profeit, and was
very heartily responded to. i)r. Cleghorn intimateil
t'nit it would be liis pleasing duty at the proper time
to transmit a minute to Her Majesty expressing the
grat3i'ul thanks of the Society for the reception they
had received.

Before leaving the Castle the visitors were con-
ducted over the rooms. The service-room, or private
chapel, proved a most interesting point for the com-
pany. It is panelled and ceiled with Scotch Pine
from the IJallochbuie forest. The splendid quality
of tlie timber and the exquisite gi'aining it exhibited,
was much commented on by the visitors. The re-
mainder of the afternoon was spent in viewing the
beautiful policies of the Castle, which are of gi'cat
extent, and kept in perfect order. Pinus Cembra
has proved one of the most successful of the non-
indigenous trees that have been planted ; a fine
avenue of it extending between the stables -and the
Cistle was very striking, each tree being a model in
form, and in robnst health, being perfect cones of
foliage, from 20 to 30 feet in height. Tlie home woods
are composed mainly of Scotch Pine, Larch, and
Birch, but clumps and isolated plants of the more
clioice Conifers have been planted with varying
result. The most successful have been Abies nobilis
and its 'glaucous variety, A. grandis, A. Douglasii
and A. Alberti, The latter is evidently destined to
establish itself as a prominent tree in tlie neighbour-
hojd, but the others named are already, at ages of
from ten to twenty years, showing signs of decay in
their pale colour, and in the excessive tendency to
coning which they exhibit. The woods in the imme-
diate vicinity of the .Castle are mostly young, doing
well, and are skilfully managed.

In the nursery, which is well stocked with a
variety of trees and shrubs, which are annually
wanted for special purposes, the attention of the
visitors was directed to the differences in growth,
habit, and foliage that e.xisted between two patches
of Scotch Pine growing side by side in the same
quarter. The plants were two-ye.ar and one-year, and
one lot was reared from seeds saved from the old trees
in the forest of Ballochbuie, while the other was
the ordinary sort vended by nurserymen. The dif-
ference between the two was striking. The former
were, on the average, shorter by 2 or 3 inches than
the latter, and more densely branched, and the
foliage was much longer and stronger, and of a fine
warm green. The native form was obviously the
best for the locality, and had all the appearance of
a distinctly marked variety. Mr. Jlichie has a
decided preference for it, and will plant it largely in
future.

The river Dee, which winds through the grounds
on the northern side of the Castle, it was observed,
was very low. Dr. Profeit informed the party that
it had not been so low since the memorable year
1826, and that the rainfall in the district up to date
had been 1026 inches as compared with 1803 inches
in the same period last year.

The party being too largo to find accommodation
in any one of the hotels of Braemar. one portion
returned to Ballater for tlie night on leaving Bal-
moral, and the other went on to Braemar to lodge
for the night, and meet .again at Ballochbuie Bridge,
on the Dee, thence to pass en route to view the
famous forest of Ballochbuie.

The Fouest of Ballochbuie. — This forest was
visited on the following day, and proved the most in-
teresting object of the excursion to the bulk of the
members. The forest is an entirely natural one, and
the gi-eater part of it is the property of the Queen.
The altitude of the forest ranges from about 1200 to
■2000 feet above sea-level. The party did not pene-
trate higher than about 1600 feet. At the higher
elevations the oldest and largest trees were found.
From the latter elevation downwards to 1400 feet
were to be found individual trees of Scotch Pine
girthing 14 feet 10 inches at 1 foot from the ground,
and 11 feet 10 inches at 5 feet from the ground.
Such trees were judged to be from 250 to 300 years
old, the concentric rings of many of the stumps of
felled trees being counted to 280, after which they
became so small as to be invisible to the naked eye.
There were many generations of trees observable
throughout the forest, but none younger than fifty
years, judging by the growth. At an elevation of
about 1500 feet lay the stump of the famous Scotch
Pine, a section of -wliich was exhibited by the Queen
at the Edinburgh Forestry Exhibition. The circum-
ference of the stump near the ground was found by
the *(ipe to be 25 feet 6 inches, and the longest dia-
meter 8 feet 6 inches. An interesting discussion

was held over the point as to whether it was a single
tree or the union of more than one, 'the bulk of
opinion being in favour of the latter tlntory, because
of the obvious existence of more than One centre to
the concentric layers.

As showing the durability ot the wood of these old
Scotch Pines, a tree was pointed out to the party by
Mr. Michie which had lain on the ground for forty-
four years. The bark and a thin layer of sap-wood
had been decomposed, but the heartwood was un-
affected by time and the weather, except in
the way of increasing its hardness and density
which was very much like that of the timber
of a matured Oak. Those giants in bulk had
never been giants in stature. They had evidently,
judging from their rounded — not tabulated — heads
and dense habit, been isolated trees from a very early
period of their growth, hence their great trunk deve-
lopment. In the greater part of the forest the process
of natural reproduction is rendered impracticable by-
reason of the presence of large herds of deer and
other wild game which are encouraged. But a large
space around the saw-mill is fenced ofi' and protected
from the ravages of wild animals, and there natural
reproduction, assisted by art, is well illustrated.
Hundreds of thousands of self-sown plants are raised
annually, and appear in different stages of develop-
ment at the present time to attest the simplicity and
efficacy of the method of natural production, at least
as regards our indigenous forest trees.

The saw-mills are extensive and well appointed,
and are continually at work preparing timber for
estate purposes, and for supplying the wants of the
neighbourhood.

After spending about five hours in the forest with
much pleasure and interest, the company returned
to Balmoral, where they were again entertained to
luncheon. A tree of Pinus Cembra was planted in
commemoration of the visit of the Society to the dis-
trict. Dr. Profeit assured the company that it would
be his pleasiug duty to inform Her Majesty of the
circumstance of the tree being planted. Thus ended
one of the most memorable excursions of this
Society.

EDINBURGH BOTANICAL.

July 14. — The closing meeting of the session was
held in the class-room, Hoyal Botanic Garden, Pro-
fessor Dickson, President, in the chair. The papers
submitted had mostly been worked out bv the labo-
ratory connected with the class. Thus, Mr. Gustav
JIann detailed observations on the mechanism for
fertilisation in the flowers of Bulbophyllum Lobbi,
and Mr. Scott Elliot gave a review of recent litera-
ture on the movement of water in plants, criticising
unfavourably those of Sachs. In remarking on a
paper on " Variation in Plants," in which Mr. Patrick
Geddes accounted for the deterioration of orders and
genera from the evolutionist's point of view. Pro-
fessor Dickson said there were as gi'eat observational
difficulties in the way of accepting the latter doctrine
as there might be for the theory of special creation.
[A paper was read by Mr. Sewell upon the morphology,
&c.. of certain plants of the order Scrophulariace.TS.]

Mr. Lindsay gave in his " Report on the Progress
of Vegetation at the Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,
for June, 1887' :—

During the past month of June considerable injury
was done to many plants from the protracted
drought which prevailed. There were twenty-four
dry days during the month. On one day only was
there much rain, viz., on the 4th.

Late transplanted trees and shrubs suft'ered most
severely. All surface, rooting perennials have
been more or less injured. Herbaceous plants rushed
suddenly into flower and went past in an incredibly
short time. Many of them became scorched up in
a manner which I have never observed here before.
Annuals of various kinds do not appear to have
suffered at all, and the same may be said of Pelargo-
niums, Calceolarias, and other bedding plants. Hardy
deciduous trees and shrubs have been prolific of
bloom. A few have been finer than usual, such as
the flowering Ash (Fr.axinus Ornus), Elder, Escal-
lonia Phillipiana, Olearia ilicifolia, and several
species of New Zealand Veronicas. Roses a)"e very
dwarf, and although clean and well budded, have
rather a starved-like appearance.

During the month the thermometer did not fall
so low as the freezing point at the garden, although
in some parts of Scotland it fell several degrees be-
low it. The lowest night readings were — on the
1st, 34° ; 2nd, 38° ; 3rd, 42° ; 21st, 36°. The
lowest day temperature was 52°, on the 2nd ; and the
highest 8(3°, on the 22nd.

" On the rock garden 4.32 species and varieties of
plants came into flower during the month, making a
total of 1048 for the season as against 753 at the
corresponding date last year. Amongst them were
the following : —

.\ndro3ace foliosa
Aciphylla sq

ftiU'eolariaKelly
„ plantagincii
Ciilocliortusccrni
Campamilii Zoysi
t'istus formosus
lliantluis alpiaus
■ ?ialis

Liiuv

Kardostacliys Jatamansi
Orchis maculata supcrba
Oxytropis cyanea
Pioonia tenuitolia fl.-pkm
Polygonum sphwrostachyu
Pentstemon speciosum
Bamondia pyronaica
Ithododendrou ferrugineu

,. superbus

Edraianthus serpyllifoliug Senecio laxifloni.g

Erythrjea aggregata ,, pulcher

Gaultheria cariiea Saponaria ocjiuoides Loderi

Tropreolum polyphyllum

ichen

ria hexandrj

I amplexicaulia
., anomala
Wycthia mollis, &c.

H.'li.-ophvllum Lilmianiii
HvptTiLura empctrifoliuil
llypoxis irecta
Iberis jucunda
Leontopodium alpiuum

Mr. Robert BuUen, in his report for June on the
temperature, &c., of the Glasgow Botanic Garden,
remarked on the tropical heats prevailing since the
loth of that month, the temperature having ranged
from 120"^ F,, on the 15th, to 133° on the 25th, in
the sun, the converse readings in the shade being
70° to 83° respectively. As a consequence vegetation
generally had suffered, though Pelargoniums were in
splendid bloom.

SOUTHAMPTON HORTICULTURAL.

The twenty-fifth summer exhibition of this Society
was held in Westwood Park, on July 30, and was
a decided success. There may not have been so
many large plants shown as in other years, owing
to the regretted absence of Mr. J. Cypher, who
has been a regular exhibitor here for several years
past, but the other exhibitors who came forward
made up in a great measure for the loss. Some
beautiful plants came from Mr. J. Lock, which were
quite a show in themselves. Groups arranged for
effect were many and good, as they always are at
Southampton ; as were the cut flowers. Vegetables,
considering the dryness of the season hitherto, were
staged in very great quantity and of fine quality;
but the most remarkable advance was observed in
the number of exhibits of and the qusility of the
Grapes. These were greatly in excess of former
shows, and the competition was necessarily very
great.

Plants. — For twelve stove and greenhouse speci-
mens, six flowering and six foliage, the handsome
sums of £18, £15. and £12 were offered in prizes.
Here Mr. J. Lock, gr. to B. "W. Cleane, Esq., New-
combe House, Crediton, Devonshire, was an easy
1st, ; the most noteworthy were — Latania bor-
bonica, of enormous size, 15 feet in diameter, and
of good form ; Encephalartos villosus ampliatus,
Croton Warreni, 5 feet acrose. and of magni-
ficent colour; C. AVilliamsi, a perfect specimen
in every way: Lapegarias alba and rosea, glo-
bular-shaped plants of about 4 feet in diameter
and freely flowered, indeed the latter was
about the most perfect specimen imaginable ;
and I-xora Duffii which had enormous heads of
bloom. Mr. E. Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, The
Firs, Bassett, Southampton ; and Mr. H. James,
Castle Nursery, Norwood, were awarded equal 2nd
]>rizes. In the former the foliage plants were
decidedly superior, w^hile in the latter group the
flowering specimens were the best — indeed, it would
be difficult to conceive a finer specimen than that of
Erica icraula, which was so fresh and freely flowered ;
while AUamanda gi'andiflora was a capital plant,
Mr. Wills had a fine specimen of Cycas revoluta, one
of Statice profusa, 5 feet across ; and >Stephanotis
floribunda — very fine plants. For the same number
of plants, and under the same conditions as in the
former class, but open to gardeners only, Mr.
Amys, gr. to the Hon. Mrs. Elliot York, Hamble
Cliff, Southampton, was the winner of the 1st prize :
Cycas revoluta, Stephanotis floribunda, and a fine
specimen of AUamanda Hendersoni, were his best
plants. 2nd prize was awarded to Mr. J. Reynolds,
gr. to the Hon. II. S. S. Crichton, Netley Castle,
Southampton, for plants that were much smaller than
those which took the 1st prize.

For Six Stove and Grectihoiise Plants, in Bloom, Mr.
N. Blandford, gi-. to Mrs. Haslefoot, West End, Bit-
terne, was 1st, with an even group, including a very
fine AUamanda Heudersonii ; while Mr. Wills fol-

1?2

THE GAFDENEBS' CEBONICLE.

[ArcnsT 6, 1887.

lowed him very closely, his best specimen being
Erica Fairieana.

For Six Fine Foliage Plants Mr. Lock led the way,
having a magnificent plant of Gleichenia spelunce,
and a finely-coloured specimen of Croton volntus ;
2nd, Mr. Wills, in whose lot was a very fine Cycas
intermedia.

jVi«c Miscellanmiis Plants brought four competitors ;
Mr. E. Molyneux, gr. to W. H. Myers, Esq., Swan-
moi'e Park, Bishop's Waltham, was an easy 1st ;
Croton variegatns, 7 feet .icross; C. angustifolius.
and Latania borbonica. wire in capital condition.
Conspicuous in this group w.as a plant of the beautiful
biennial Trachelium cceruleum.

A Group of Miscellaneous Plants, arranged for effect
ilia space IG bi/ 8 feet. — There were six competitors
Mr. H. James being awarded the 1st prize, but a
protest was lodged against him, that he had not filled
the allotted space, which was a pity, as the arrange-
ment was charming, consisting of a groundwork of
JIaidenhair Ferns out of which sprang grticeful
plants of Cocos Weddelliana and other Palms; at the
back were plants of Dracaina Shepherdi, which lent
colour to the background ; Lilium longiflorum, Catt-
leyas, Miltonia vcxillaria ; all sparingly and lightly
disposed, the whole being edged with Isolepis and
species of Fittonia. 2nd, Mr. Wills, who had a much
brighter gi'oup, lightly placed ; Areca lutescens.
Heaths, Orchids, Celosias, Statices, and Adiantums
were the principal plants employed. Mr. J. Reynolds
was 3rd, with good plants for the purpose, but
arranged in a somewhat tasteless manner.

Collection of Orchids, arranged in a space G by A feet.
— Two competitors only ]>ut in an appearance, but
the plants staged were of good r|uality. Mr. T.
Osborne, gr. to J. Buchan, Esq., Wilton House,
Southampton, was 1st. his most noteworthy plants
were Cattleya Gaskelliana, Uendrobium Dearei, On-
cidium macranthum, Odontoglossum Alexandra;
bogotense, and O. cordatum ; Mr. Blandford was 2nd,
with a nice lot.

Six Stove or Greenhome Ferns. — Mr. Lock was
again to the front with grand examples, in beautiful
lii',alth — Davallia polyantha, Microlepia hirta cristata
being the best examples ; Mr. Wills 2nd, with
smaller but equally robust and healthy specimens.

Four Ferns. — Mr. Peel, Mr. Bundy, gr. to G. H.
Errington, Esq., Merry Oak, Bitterne, and Mr. Rey-
nolds were the prize winners, in the order of their
names.

Si.v Hardy Ferns. — Here Mr. Lock was 1st, and
Mr. Wills 2nd, both showing well.

Single Specimen, in Jlower. — The best was staged by
Mr. E. Molyneux — a fine one of BougainviUea glabra,
smothered with bloom.

Fine-foliage Plant. — Mr. Lock was 1st, with
Croton Disraeli.

Fruit. — Si.x dishes of fruit. Pines excluded. Seven
collections were staged, all being'good. Mr. Evans
was placed 1st ivith a capital lot, viz., good Muscat
of Alexandria, Madresfield Court Muscat, ripe and
well coloured ; fine Brunswick Figs, Barrington
Peaches, and EIruge Nectarines. 2nd, Mr. J. Pull-
man, gr. to R. B. Sheridan, Esq., Frampton, Dor-
chester, with magnificent Black Hamburgh, good
Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, and fine Noblesse
Peaches, The class for three bunches of black
Grapes brought a good competition, all the exhibits
being of fine quality. Jlr. Ward took the 1st honours
with magnificent bunches of Madresfield Court
Muscat, fine in berry, and superbly finished. Mr.
Molyneux followed with large shapely bunches of
Black Hamburgh, with very large berries, and of
good colour. Mr. T. Hall, gr. to Captain Davidson,
South Stoneham, was 3rd, with Madresfield Court,
large in bunch, but the beiTies were undersized,
.although quite perfect in colour. For three bunches
of white Grapes Jfr. J. M. Stewart, gr. to Mr. J.
Lane Shrubb, Boldre Grange, Lymington, was 1st,
with five bunches of Muscat of Alexandria, which
only required a little more time to make them perfect.
Mr. J. Evans was 2nd. Jlr. J. Pullman took 1st
honours with very fine Black Hamburgh in the two
bunch class. For the same number of white bunches
Mr. A. Richards, gr. to D. Norton, Esq., The Dell,
Isle of Wight, was 1st, with finely coloured bunches
of Buckland Sweetwater. Ten competitors staged
in the class for one bunch of black Grapes, making a
goodly array. A perfect specimen of Madresfield
Court from Mr. llolyneux took the 1st honours.
Mr. A, Richards had the finest single bunch of
white Grapes — one of Buckland Sweetwater. Mr.
Budd took 1st prize for Queen Pine, single Pine, and
was followed by Messrs. Lock and Ward. The best
scarlet-flesh Melon was Perfection, shown by Messrs.
W. & G. Drover, Fareham ; while Mr. Sanders took

1st honours with green-flesh Melon, with a dish of
Royal George, in capital condition. Mr. Curtis took
1st honours for Peaches. The same exhibitor had
the best Nectarines, Lord Napier. Mr. Budd had
the best six dishes of fruit, outdoor growth ; while
Mr. G. Wind.ibank had the best dessert and kitchen
Apples.

Vegetables. — For twelve distinct varieties Mr. W.
Pope led the way easily ; his best dishes were
Pragnell's Beet, Snowball Turnip, Sutton's Seedling
.and Jlidsummer Kidney Potatos, Veitch's Scarlet
Jlodel Carrot, and Sutton's Seedling Peas ; Mr. W.
Sanders followed, with large Duke of Albany Peas,
neat evenly-sized White Elephant Onion, very fine
Sutton's Perfection Toraatos, and excellent Standard
Bearer Celery. For nine varieties six collections
were staged, Mr. Molyneux being 1st, with very
large White Elephant Onions, good Cucumbers,
French Beans, and Marrows ; 2nd, Mr. J. Allen,
gr. to Captain the Hon. Victor Montague, Wherwell
Priory, Andover, who had excellent Tomatos and
Reading Russet Potatos. Mr. Evans had the best
collection of Potatos in eight varieties, with even,
clean produce, ilr. Sanders staged very fine To-
matos, for one dish ; whilst ftlr. Molyneux took
1st for capital Cucumbers, amongst fouiteen com-
petitors.

Miscellaneous. — Mr. Amys was very successful in
the classes for si.x Celosias, six Petunias, Migno-
nette, Balsams, and Cockscombs, securing the 1st
prize with plants healthy, vigorous, and freely
flowered. Messrs. Ransom showed the best double
Pelargoniums, while Mr. G. Windebank staged the
best single varieties. Mr. T. Osborne had the best
Fuchsias in the class for six specimens, all fairly well
flowered, but not so good as is usually seen at this
show. In the smaller class, for four plants, Mr.
Busby led the way with young vigorous examples,
loaded with flower. Messrs. West and Molyneux led
the way with Coleus and table plants, each obtaining
the 1st prize in the different classes.

A very fine collection of hardy shrubs, not for
competition, was staged by Mr. Rogers, Red Lodge
Nurseries, Southampton, w^hich attracted consider-
able attention ; chief amongst them was a fine plant
of Desfontainea spinosa, freely flowered.

The best collection of miscellaneous nursery stock
was staged by ^Ir. G. Windebank, Southampton, while
Mrs. Kinsbury, Bevois Valley, Southampton, was 2nd.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL ASSO-
CIATION.

After a season's rest, owing to the visit of the
Royal Horticultural Society last year at the Waver-
tree Park, the above Society held its eighth exhibition
on Saturday, July 30, and Monday, August 1, in a
portion of Sefton Park, the use of which is always
granted to the executive by the Parks and Garden
Committee of the Liverpool Council. The show
comi)ared favourably with any held under the auspices
of the Association." The plant tent, some 300 feet
in length, contained an assortmen of plants staged
on the turf that were of very high order of merit.
Palms were numerous and in gi'and condition, many
ranging from 10 to 12 feet in height, and of an equal
diameter. Crotons, of which some highly-coloured
specimens were staged, were hardly so large as we
have noticed on previous occasions, and perhaps they
can hardly be desired.

Flowering plants were marvels of culture and finish,
being fresh and well laden with flowers. The groups,
which have so improved since the committee offered
liberal inducements were very attractive, that of
Messrs. H. P. Ker & Sons proving a very fine feature
in the fruit and flower tent, which was 450 feet in
length.

The group of Tea Rosea staged by the Liverpool
Horticultural Company was an acquisition admired by
m.any, although somewhat formal in its aiTangement.
Cut flowers were a great success, the Roses them-
selves holding their own with any staged in the North
this year, proving that they appreciate the long-
wanted showers and cooler atmosphere. Herbaceous
cut flowers were of much merit, and surpassed in
quantity anything previously shown in Liverpool.
Fruit was staged in abundance and of good quality,
in many cases the competition being remarkably
keen and close. A special prize offered for Tomatos
was successful in bringing a meritorious collection in
pots. The section devoted to vegetables was well
filled with specimens that did the growers credit,
considering the ordeal that they have had to undergo.

Plants.

Fur Twelve Stove and Greenhouse, Six in Bloo,n,
and Six Foliaqe, distinct. — A. Nicholson, Esq.
(gr., Mr. C. Roberts), Highland Hall, Staff's, leapt to
the premier position at his first visit. Amongst his
foliage plants were superb Kentia australis, Cycas
circinalis, a plant about 12 feet in diameter, and of
about the same height ; C. revoluta, Thrinax elegans,
Croton Baron J. de Rothschild, C. angustifolius.
Amongst the flowering plants, Erica jasminiflora
alba was good ; Dipladenia floribunda well flowered ;
Ixora Williamsii, I. amboynensis, Clerodendron
Balfourianura, nearly4 feet in diameter, with immense
trusses ; Dipladenia splendens, very fresh. Mr.
James Cypher was a strong 2nd, staging in grand
form Kentia australis, K. Fosteriana, very good
Latania borbonica (large), BougainviUea glabra,
remarkable for its density of bloom, &c.

Amateur Class for Eight, Four Flowering and Four
Foliage. — The highest award went to T. .S. Timmis,
Esq. (gr., Mr. B. Cromwell), Clevely, AUerton, who
had a grand specimen of Croton Disraeli, for which
a Cultural Certificate was awarded ; Dicksonia
antarctica, Ixora Dixiana, AUamanda Henderson!,
Statice profusa, &c. Bernard Hall, Esq. (gr., Mr.
A. Crosbie), Wavertree, was 2nd.

Six Stove and Greenhouse Plants in Bloom. — Mr.
J. Cypher was a good 1st, with Clerodendron Bal-
fourianum, Statice Gilbertii, splendid in colour;
and I.xora Fraseri.

Four Stove and Greenhouse Plants {Amateurs'). —
Messrs. A. R. Cox, J. Jellicoe and B. Cromwell were
placed in the order given, staging good collections.

Single Specimen Stove Plant in '.Flower. — Mr. C.
Roberts was 1st, with a good Dipladenia amabilis ;
G. L. Baker, Esq. (gr., Mr. Lewis), Aigburth, was
2nd, with a well-flowered Eucharis amazonica.

Mr. C. Evans was 1st, with Bouvardia Alfred
Neuner as a greenhouse plant in bloom.

Eight Fine-foliage Plants. — Mr. J. Jellicoe was 1st,
staging Pritchardia pacifica in grand form, it being
nearly 12 feet in diameter ; Dicksonia antarctica, a
fine specimen, as was also Latania borbonica, very
fresh ; and Croton Queen Victoria, well coloured. In
Mr. J. Cypher's lot was a splendid Kentia canter-
buryana.

Six Foliatje Plants (Amateurs). — Mr. B. Cromwell
had the best, including fine plants of Gleichenia
dichotoma and Anthurium crystallinum.

Three Palms. — Messrs. A. Crosbie, T. Jones, and
W. Bustard took prizes in the order of their names.

Eight E.votic Ferns.— >,It. T. Gowan, Mossley Hill,
was 1st, staging Gymnogramma argyrophylla and
Goniophlebium subauriculatum in good form. The
1st in the .am.ateurs' class was won by Mr. B. Crom-
well, with healthy plants.

Six Hnrdy Ferns. — Mr. F. Foster scored a double
victory, being Ist in the class, and obtained a Cul-
tural Certificate for a splendid plant of Athyrlum
f.-f. corymbiferum.

The best four Orchids, distinct varieties, were from
Mr. J. Cypher, which were Cattleya Gaskelliana,
twenty flowers ; Saccolabium Blumei, three spikes ;
EpidenJrum vitellinum, twenty-seven spikes; Cypri-
pedium barbatum superbum, sixteen flowers.

Mr. J. Jellicoe had the premier single, with a good
variety of Cattleya Gaskelliana carrying eighteen
flowers.

Miscellaneous.

Three Greenhouse Ericas, distinct. — Mr, J. Cypher
was 1st with E. a:mula and E. Fairieana, very fine.

Six Fuchsias. — Jlr. J. Hughes led the way with six
grand pyramids, over G feet in height and 4 feet
through at the base ; A. L. Jones, Esq. (gr., J.
Bounds), was 2nd ; Mr. J. Hughes was again Ist for-
the best three.

Six Single-flowered Pelargoninms. — These were shown
in great numbers and of good quality. Mr. T. Gowan
was 1st. Mr. E. Bridge taking the same position for
three. Four double Pelargoniums, Mr. T. Gowan had
the best. Mrs. Bateson (gr., Mr. J. Harrison),
Allerton, in a like position for four Ivy-leaved.
Begonias were superb, Mr. A. R. Cox taking the
premier honours in the classes for six, for three, and
the 'single, the flowers being of immense size and
good in colour. Gloxinias were also in grand con-
dition, Mrs. White (gr., Mr. R. Johnston), Waver-
tree, staging the best. Caladiums were shown well,
Tyndal Bright, Esq. (gr., Mr. J. Warrington), having
the finest. Petunias, Liliums, and hardy herbaceous
plants in bloom, were in good form, Mr. Hurst
having the finest of the last-named. Eight Dracajnas,
distinct, grown in si.x pots, brought out a strong
competition, John Bruce. Esq. (gr., Mr. John Shaw),

AnousT 6, 188T.]

THE GARDENERS' CHMONIGLE.

173

Wadhurst, Sussex, winning the clock with an even
fresh lot.

Another interesting special prize was for six pots
of Tomatos, distinct, Sir Thos. Earle, Bart, (gr., Mr.
J. Stoney), taking the Cup with plants remarkably
well fruited.

The groups, especially that of Messrs. R. P. Ker &
Sons, of 250 square feet, was a well-arranged com-
bination of foliage and flowering plants tastefully
arranged, and which well deserved the high encomiums
passed on it ; that for the amateurs, of 150 square
feet, was very closely contested, Mr. J. Jellicoe
winning with a lightly arranged lot; Mr. A. R. Cox
was a close 2nd.

Cut Flowers.

Boscs were shown good in quality, colour, and
substance — good results, due to the cooler and moister
atmosphere of the last few days.

Forty-eight. — Messrs. J. Cocker & Son, Aberdeen,
had a fine fresh lot. the best being Her Majesty,
Marie Baumann, Due de Rohan, Baronne de
Rothschild, Fisher Holmes. &c. ; T. B. Hal!, Esq.
(gr., Mr, Gitiens), was a good 2nd; Messrs. J.
Dickson & Sons, Chester, 3rd.

Ttoelve lyiisscs of Teas, Hybrid Teas, or Noisettes,
distinct. — The prize-winners were E. Claxton, Esq.,
with a fresh good stand ; Messrs. J. Cocker 2nd, and
T. B. Hall, Esq., 3rd.

Twenty-four (Amateitrs). — The winners were T. B.
Hall. Esq. ; S. Budd, Esq., Bath ; and A. Tate, Esq.
(gr.. Mr. H. Pewtress).

Messrs. Cocker & Son had the best twelves of
one dark and one light variety.

For the most tastefully arranged box T. B. Hall,
Esq., was an easy 1st, showing dark H.P.'s inter-
spersed with Teas, which had a charming effect ;
E. Claxton, Esq., was 2nd, with a selection of good
Teas ; Mr. A. Pewtress takes the remaining prize.

Eighteen Stove and Greenhouse Cut Flowers. — Mr. B.
Cromwell was 1st, Avith a collection of very choice
flowers.

Twelve ditto, — S. Baerlin, Esq. (gr., Mr. ' G.
Williams), Didsbury, was 1st, with a very strong lot,
including Erica magnifioa. Statice profusa. Ixora
Williamsii, I. Prince of Wales, Cattlcya Mendelii.
and C. Mossia;.

Tmenty-four Hardy Hcrhaoeoiis Flowers. — These
were in stronger force than ever, Mr. G. Eaton and
Mr. W. Bustard receiving the awards in the order of
their names. In the amateurs' class for twelve the
1st prize was awarded to Mr. J. Warrington.

Fruit.

This in the aggregate was of the usual high order.

Eight Distinct Kinds. — Mr. G. H.Goodacre, Elvas-
ton Gardens. Derby, was 1st in a competition, includ-
ing five others, showing a fine Cayenne Pine, well
finished Black Hamburgh Grapes, and Barrington
Peaches. Mr. J. Edmonds, Bestwood Lodge, Arnold,
Notts, was a good 2nd ; and the Hon. Mrs. Maxwell
was a creditable 3rd.

Six Kinds, no Pines. — Mr. J. Edmonds was 1st,
with a splendid collection ; Mr. J. Stoney and Mr.
J. Elsworthy, Court Hey, came in the order named.
For two Pines the Hon. C. H. Wynne (gr., Mr. J.
Bennett), North Wales, was 1st with a pair of fine
Prince Alberts.

For four distinct varieties of Grapes, two black
and two white, R. Pilkington, Esq. (gr., Mr. G. Mid-
dleton, St. Helen's), was 1st, having fine Muscat of
Alexandria, Madresfield Court, and Black Hamburgh.
Mr. Middleton was 1st in a competition of nine for
two bunches of Muscat of Alexandria, with fine large
berries.

For two bunches of black Grapes, Hamburgh
excluded, Mr. J. Barker was 1st with a grand pair of
Madresfield Court, weighing fully 3 lb. each. For
two bunches of white, Mr. J. Bennett was 1st. with
the Duke of Buccleuch. Peaches and Nectarines
were good, 1st prizes being awarded to Messrs. Lewis,
J. Edmonds, and J. Harris. For the best green-fleshtd
Melon, all the prizes were awarded for fruits of the
Hero of Lockinge, Mr. N. E. Owens being 1st. Mr.
J. J. Oakes had the best scarlet-fleshed variety.
Strawberries and Cherries were shown well. For six
kinds of hardy fruits, Colonel Wlng£eld (gr., Mr. J.
Lambert") was 1st.

Vegetables.
The best twelve kinds were from the Hon. W. P.
Talbot (gr., C. J. Waite), Esher, Surrey, with fine
Tomatos Reading Perfection, Egyptian Beet, Jubi-
lee Beans, &c. For a like lot, confined within a
radius of 10 miles of Liverpool, Mr. Stoney was 1st
\yitb a splejidid Jot ; Messrs. A. R, Cox an4 J, Rain-

ford following. For six kinds, Messrs. J. Bennett,
W. Norrey, and J. Lowndes, were the prize winners
out of seven competitors. For six varieties of Peas,
R. Brocklebank, Esq. (gr., Mr. J. Winckworth), was
1st. For six distinct varieties of Potatos, three
round and three kidney, J. M. Biddulph, Esq. (gr.,
Mr. J. Oakfield), Ruabon, was 1st. For four varie-
ties, Mr. J. Rainford was the best. Mr. J. Almond
was 1st for two varieties. For three varieties of
Tomatos, Mr. J. Elsworthy >von, with Trophy, Ded-
ham Favourite, and Excelsior. For the single dish,
Mr. Almond won, with Trophy.

Silver Medals were awarded to F. & J. Mee, for
their patent double-acting \vrought-iron saddle-
boiler with water-way bars back and front. To
Mr. Joseph Bramham, for wirework, boilers, &c.
To Bennett Bros., for boilers, wirework, garden
seats, &c.

Certificates were awarded to the Liverpool Horti-
cultural Company for an especially fine collection of
Tea Roses, stove and greenhouse plants, and cut
flowers. To Mr. Thos. Foster, for a Fern (Athyriura)
seedling. To Mr. J. Tynan, for a collection of
annual Chrysanthemums, cut flowers. To Messrs.
R. P. Ker & Son, for stove and greenhouse plants,
pot Vines, &c. To Mr. John Webster, Wavertree,
for garden frames. To Jlessrs. Franklin & Hock-
ing, for small heating apparatus. To Mr. J. Palmer,
for Jubilee post-seat. To ^Messrs. Wade & Co., for
small greenhouse. To Messrs. R. P. Ker & Son, for
the following new plants : — Aristolochia elegans,
Croton Sunrise, C. Gordoni, Phyllanthus Chantini,
Selaginella Emiliana. S. amcena, Davallia tenui-
folia Veitchiana, and Nephrolepis rufescens tripin-
natida. To Mr. A. R. Cox was awarded a Cultural
Certificate, for Ixora coccinea. Mr. P. B. Ilackin,
Liverpool, had an assortment of Teak-wood plant
tubs and Teak for Orchid baskets and Bamboos.

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE HORTICUL-
TXJRAL.

August 1. — This was the sixth annual exhibition
of the Society — a comparatively new institution, that
succeeds one that became defunct in 1881. The
show was a large one, occupying five commodious
tents, and it took place, in Delapre Park, the
residence of J. S. Bouverie, Esq., which is close
to the town. The day was brilliantly fine, and a
great throng of people attended the exhibition.

Plants. — The leading class was for twelve stove
and greenhouse plants, six in flower and six foliage,
Mr. James Cypher, nurseryman, Clieltenham, being
an excellent 1st. having a remarkably good lot, his
flowering plants especially being fresh and bright;
of these he had Erica Thompsoni, E. tricolor major,
Pho^nocoma prolifera Barnesi, Lcora Regina, Statice
profusa, and Stephanotis floribunda, with the fol-
lowing fine specimen foliage plants: — Cycas circi-
nalis, C. revoluta, Kentia Fosteriana, Latania bor-
bonica, Croton Queen Victoria, and Cordyline indi-
visa. 2nd. Mr. W. Finch, gr. to J. Marriott, Esq.,
Queen's Road, Coventry, who had a good lot also,
having of flowering plants, Dipladenia hybrida, Erica
Lindleyana, Ixora amabilis, Statice profusa, Croton
majesticum, C. Mortii, and C. montfortensis, finely
coloured, and three fine Palms. There were but two
entries in this class, but in that for ten plants, five
flowering and five foliaged, Mr. Finch was a good
1st, having excellent plants of Erica Parmentieri
rosea, E. tricolor impressa, Dipladenia hybrida, Fran-
ciscea calycina major. Statice profusa, Kentia Bal-
moreana, Croton Mortii and C. Queen Victoria,
Anthurium Veitchianum, and Cocos Weddelliana.
2nd. Mr. W. L. Bird, gr. to A. Seymour, Norton
Hall, Daventry, with some remarkably good plants.
The groups in these two classes formed a most im-
posin-T' group in the centre of an immense round tent,
but they were unfortunately roughly staged, being set
up too high, beer barrels being used for the purpose ;
but it might be said something of the kind was re-
quired, or the plants would have appeared dwarfed
out of all proportion in so spacious a tent. Round the
circumference was a line of Coleus, the best six, and
a very good lot too, being shown by Mr. J. Under-
wood, the gardener at Delapre Park; also the
Fuchsias, the best six specimens coming from Mr,
J. Hightley, gr. to Sir Hereward Wake, Bart.,
Courteen Hall, Roade ; and the zonal Pelargoniums,
which were numerous and very good.

Mr. W. L. Bird had the best six exotic Ferns,
staging fine . specimens of Davallia Mooreana, a
seedling golden Gymnogramma, Adiantum cunea-
tum, A. concinnum latum, Nephrolepis davalloides
furcans, and a pice piece qf the Bird's-nest Fera.

2nd, Mr. J, Holland, with good plants also, having
Gleichenia Mendelii, G, speluncao, Ad ^antum Far-
leyense, &c.

Groups arranged for Effect. — These were a leading
feature, and the competition excited great interest.
There were two classes, and the groups were arranged
in two long narrow tents in squares, which, following
the lines ot the tents, caused them to appear less
effective than if arranged in circles or semicircles.
In the open class for a group occupying a space of 240
feet Mr. James Cypher was 1st, with an arrangement
showing excellent grouping — Crotons, Palms, and
such-like rising above a bed of dwarf Ferns, which
should have been of a denser character in order to
have more effectually hidden the pots. 2nd, Mr. J.
Parker, Victoria Nursery, Rugby, also with a good
group, in the centre of which was a fine specimen of
LagerstriJmia indica, which, though grandly flowered,
was somewhat out of proportion to the rest of the
plants employed. In the class open for gardeners
only there were several groups, but they were want-
ing in effective arrangement, good plants being
employed, but undue crowding was a common fault.
Here Mr. W. S. Miller, gr. to Sir R. Loder, Bart.,
Whittlebury, Towcester, was 1st, specimen plants
being largely employed.

In the general department of the show were
Caladiums, flowering and foliaged Begonias, Petunias,
Cockscombs, Achimenes, Gloxinias, Selaginellas, &c.,
all creditably exhibited. Mention must be made
of the excellent lot of six flowering Begonias set up
by Mr. F. Dovey, gr. to F. B. Simpson, Esq., Broom
Hill. Spratton, mainly double varieties ; Edward
Edwards, Esq., Holmeside, Leighton Buzzard, being
a good 2nd.

Cut Flowers. — Certain classes for these were also
open to all comers. Here Messrs. R. Mack & Son,
nurserymen, Catterick Bridge, Yorks. were 1st with
twenty-four Roses, a very nice fresh bright lot con-
sidering the weather. Messrs. R. Mack & Sons also
had the best twelve, and here Pierre Netting was again
strikingly fine. But Mr. Bennett had the best twelve
Tea Roses. Collections of 24 bunches of flowers of
stove and greenhouse plants, were a great feature.
Here Mr. W. Finch was 1st with a very fine and
showy lot consisting .of Allamandas, Dipladenias,
Orchids. Ixoras, &c., in very fine bunches. Mr. W.
S. Miller had the best twelve bunches. Bunches of
hardy herbaceous flowers were a fine feature also,
Mr. \V. S. Miller being again 1st. There were other
smaller classes for cut flowers.

Table Decorations. — Here Mr. Cypher was to the
fore with a table 9 by 5 feet, laid out in his usual
excellent style ; Mr. J. Parker being 2d.

Fruit.

In the class for nine dishes, distinct, Mr. W. L.
Bird was the only exhibitor, having Black Hamburgh
and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Royal George
Peaches, Violette Hative Nectarines, Melon, Figs,
&c. In the class for six distinct varieties, Mr. W.
Fair, gr. to Sir Rainald Knightley, Bart., Fawsley,
Daventry, was 1st, having Black Hamburgh and Dr.
Hogg Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cherries, and Figs.
Mr. W. S. Miller had the best three bunches of
black Grapes, staging three superb bunches of Black
Hamburgh ; Mr. H. Birch, The Gardens, Castle
Ashby, Southampton, being 2nd. The best three
bunches of white Grapes were Muscat of Alexandria,
from Mr. E. Huggard, gr. to Viscount Do^vne,
Dingley, Market Harborough ; Mr. Fair being 2nd,
with Foster's Seedling. Melons, Peaches, Nectarines,
&c.. were all good.

Vegetables. — The best collection of fifteen varieties
came from Mr. Geo. Robinson, gr. to J. Hervard, Esq.,
Abbey Close, Bedford. There were fine lots in this
class. Mr. G. S. Grifith had the best eight varieties.
Potatos, Onions. &c., were well shown — proving
how well adapted the soil of Northampton is to pro-
duce these in the best condition. In the amateurs
and cottager's divisions plants, cut flowers, and
vegetables were numerous, and very good indeed

William SherWIN. — We regret to hare to record
the death of William Sherwin, Esq., F.K.H.S., of
Farnborough Grange, Hants, on the 25th ult., aged
seventy-nine. The deceased gentleman was a good
supporter of horticulture, liberally spending his
wealth in all good hardy plants and shrubs, &c., and
in making his garden rich in good things, including
Orchids. He had a refined taste, and an extensivfl
knowledge of plants and of fruits,

174

THE GARDENEB8' CEBONIGLE.

[August 6, 1887.

The Weather.

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 33° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying V contiuued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

Accumulated.

li

Sg

tielow the

h

S'o'

Mean for

<2.M

^ '^ •

aS •

the week

S-iS

-5 -^00

ending

Aug. 1.

•§1

Ifl"

<ii

mi

Day-

Day-

Day-

Day-

ducing Districts.

deg.

deg.

0. SOOTLAKD, N. ...

0 (aver.)

91

0

+ 217

+ 37

1. Scotland, E. ...

1 above

110

0

+ 242

+ 41

2. England, N.E. ...

1 above

130

0

+ 133

+ 83

3. England, E. ...

1 above

U7

0

+ 33

+ 163

4. Midland Cos. ...

0 (aver.)

135

0

+ 78

+ 166

5. England, S. ...

1 above

143

0

+ 6

-(- 151

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

1 below

105

0

+ 137

+ 47

7. England.N.W....

0 (aver.)

125

0

+ 98

+ 118

8. England, S.W....

1 below

126

0

+ 98

+ 172

9. IBELAND, N.

1 below

109

0

+ 265

+ 23

10. Ireland, S.

1 below

123

0

+ 265

+ 97

— Channel Islands

2 above

146

0

+ 40

+ 77

Rainfall.

Bright
Sunshine.

Districts.

I*'

1 _

III

III

Principal Wheat-pro-
duciug Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

3 more

125

22.0

27

25

1. Scotland, E. ...

0 (aver).

93

11.2

33

34

2. England, N.E. ...

2 less

83

7.6

39

34

3. England, E. ...

1 less

77

8.7

51

42

4. Midland Cos. ...

2 less

74

9.2

48

37

5. England, S. ...

2 less

72

9.0

55

41

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

2 less

99

19.2

35

37

7. England, N.W....

2 less

77

11.6

34

39

8. England. S.W....

1 less

78

10.9

50

47

9. Ireland, N.

2 more

95

14.8

40

35

10. Ireland. S.

1 more

81

13.3

43

43

— Channel Islands

1 less

86

9.2

62

51

experienced' in many parts of the kingdom on the
31st, more especially orer Central and Eastern
England.

" The temperature has been equal to or about 1°
above the mean value in nearly all districts, but in
' Scotland, W.,' and ' England, S.W.,' a slight deficit
is shown. The highest of the maxima, which were
recorded on irregular dates, varied from 67° in
' Scotland, W.,' and 69° in ' Scotland, N.,' and ' Ire-
land, N.,' to 78° or 79° over the greater part of
England. The lowest of the minima were registered
on the last day of the period, when the thermometer
fell to between 36° and 40° in Scotland, and to
between 40° and 44° in England and Ireland ; in
the ' Channel Islands ' the lowest reading was 53°.

" The rainfall has been more than the mean over
Ireland and in ' Scotland, N.,' and about equal to it
in ' Scotland, E.,' but less in all other parts of the
kingdom.

" Bright sunshine shows a decrease over England
and the greater part of Scotland, but .in increase in
Ireland and the extreme north of Scotland. The
percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged
from 62 in the ' Channel Islands,' and to between
40 and 55 in most parts of England and Ireland, to
27 in ' Scotland, N.' "

MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT OHISWIOK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 13. (AVERAGE
OF FORTY-THKEE YEARS.)

Aug. 7 ... .
„ 8 ...

... 6.3'>.0
... 62'=.9

Aug. 11 ...
„ 12 ...

.. 62''.8
. 62°.7

„ 9 ...

„ 10 ...

... 62°.9
... 62''.8

„ 13 ...
Mean for the w

eek

.. 62''.6
.. 62°.8

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Aug. 1, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The wcafhir continued in an unsettled condition
over Scotland and Ireland during the greater part
of the period, with ratlier frequent falls of rain ;
over England, however, it was generally fair or fine,
and the rainfall slight. Thunder and lightning were

Notices to Correspondents.

AuBicuLAs; A A'ew Siiiscriber. Apply to Mr. C.
Turner, Slough ; he would also furnish the other
information you require.

Book on Table Decoration : A Young Gardener.
Table Decoration. By W. Low, Euston Hall
Gardens. Chapman & Hall, London,

Campanula carp.itica : V. The specimens were
not in a condition to pronounce an adequate
opinion upon. They are, however, quite distinct,
and seem as if they would form acceptable
novelties.

Cape Heaths : W. Osborne. Almost all species should
grow in your island. You should try experiments
yourself

Caknations t G. B. Good border plants only, that
would be out of place as exhibition flowers.

CoKBECTiONS.~At p. 140, col. b, fifteen lines from
top, the word " Croton " was, by a printer's error,
inserted for " C." (standing for Cypripedium).
—" 'Watering Plants " : J. E. E. Mr. Heaton's
letter. It was our correspondent, " X.," and not
Mr. Ewing, who made the erroneous statement
that plants grow in the daytime.
Fifteen Distinct Kinds of 'Vegetables: Com-
mitteeman. We should consider B.'s list the better
one, because it contains fifteen distinct kinds,
whereas A.'s has two varieties of one kind, viz.,
'Vegetable Marrow. Taking the wording of the
schedule literally, fifteen distinct varieties might
be made to include as many varieties of any one
kind of vegetable ; it should be fcinds, to be quite
unmistakable.
Fruit or Cycas eevoluta : D. B. No ; we sliould
not include it in a collection of fruit as ordinarily
understood.
Grapes : T. C. The bunch must have produced two
sets of blossoms at two different times ; tlie first
set well, owing to the abundance of pollen at the
time ; whilst the second did not, and are green,
small, and seedless, the first-set berries being,
contrariwise, perfect in every way.
Label from America : W. W. D. The words are—
Testudinaria elephantipes— a warm house creeper
from the Cape of Good Hope.
Names of Fruits : R. W. The Peach is Early Grosse
Mignonne probably. — 7?. J. H., Favershain. The
Grape resembles White Nice more than any other
Grape with which we are acquainted. It is cer-
tainly not Muscat of Alexandria.
Names of Plants: Jno. Cobban 4' 'Sora. Catasetum
fimbriatum. — (?. T. S., Wroxall. Calycanthus occi-
dentalis. — B. A. G. 2, Eryngium Oliverianum. —
3, E. planum. — McP. 1, Urospermiim Dale-
champii ; 2, Francoa sonchifolia ; 3. Ela'agnus
argentea; 4, E. umbellata. Neither of these is
Shepherdia argentea. — A Grass. 2, Agrostis
vulgaris ; 3, Molinia coerulea ? ; 4, I'hleuin pra-
tense; 0, Briza media; 1 and 6, Deschampsia
cajspitosa. — J. C, Amateur. 1, Juniperus chinensis ;

2, Amelanchier alnifolia; 3, Berberis AVallichiana?
no flowers or fruit ; 5, Philadelphus coronarius ;
4, send when in flower.— if. A/. I, Epidendram
alatum ; 2, Brassia brachiata ; 3, Epidendrum cam-
pylostalix.— ff. W. The Thalictrums are;— 1, T.
nigricans ; 2, T. angustifolium ; but both are con-
sidered to be forms of one plant. — Par/e. Yes,
you may take this as Shamrock if you like. It is a
Trefoil.
New Seedling Pea: Hurst ij- Son. We think it a
fine large Pea, with well filled pods ; the seeds of
a dark green colour, but, like so many of the new
varieties sent out, not too sugary.

Oat : Landlord. It is an ear of a wild Oat.
We cannot say how it may have reached your
field. It is now too late to do more than pull up
every plant of the wildling observed. Change the
seed another year.

Orchids : B. J. Your Miltonia vexillaria rubella
will doubtless prove a fine thing. Cypripedium
GodefroyjE is a good variety. Zygopetalum maxil-
lare, not Z. Gautieri, as figured. Odontoglossum
Weltoni should be called by its proper name,
Miltonia Warscewiczii ; three varieties of Mil-
tonia spectabilis, viz., the typical flower, M. s.
radians (not radiata), and M. s. Morelliana, an in-
ferior form. Lffilia («/«« Cattleya) crispa. The
other Cattleyas are correctly named and good
samples, especially C. delicata. The other speci-
mens are good but do not require special notice.

Palms : G. B. The leaves would not perhaps have
expanded so soon had shading for a longer period
each day been resorted to.

'Vine: L. S. Your bunches of Grapes are badly
shanked. See "Notices to Correspondents" in
our issue of last week.

*»* Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending
early intelligence of local events likely to be of
interest to our readers, or which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.

Intelligent Keadebs, do please Note that letters
relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of
the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher,
and that all communications intended for publica-
tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming,
should be addressed to the Editor. Such com-
munications should be written on one side only
of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos-
sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should
be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the
Editor to see.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Frederick Lipscombe & Co., 233, Strand, London,

W.C— Water Filters.
Bark & Son, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Gar-
den, W.C— New Dafi"odils.
John Downie. 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, N.B.
—Dutch Bulbs, &c.

DicKSONS & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh,
N.B.— Flower Roots.

Jas. M. Thorburn & Co., 15, John Street, New
York, U.S.A. — Seeds of American Trees.

H. Dammann, Juu., Breslau, Germany — Lilies-of-
the-Vallev Crowns.

Ch. Lorenz, 100 — 103, John Street, Erfurt, Ger-
many— Bulbs, Flower and Vegetable Seeds.

J. CuNoi Stephanskirchhof Bremen--Machine for
Cutting Turf and the Edges of Garden Lawns.

Northern Foundry Company — Boilers, Castings,
&c.

James Backhouse & Son, York — Flower Roots,
Spring Flowering Plants, Strawberries, &c.

L. Sp-'iTH, Rixdorf Berlin— Flower Roots, Straw-
berries, Roses for Forcing, &c.

James Dickson & Sons. Newton Nurseries, Chester
— Strawberries, Pseonies, Bulbs, &c.

W. Cutbush & Sons, Highgate Nurseries, London,
N.— Bulbs, &c.

Alfred Legekton, 5, Aldgate, London, E. — Whole-
sale List of Dutch Flower Roots, &c.

F. & A. Dickson & Sons, Upton Nurseries, Chester,
Dutch Bulbs, &c.

Communications Received;— I. O. W.— G. B. M.— .T. B.—
B Wells. — R. D. — T. C— T. Loekwood (send other diseased
leaves).— T. W. K.— J. C. & Co.— Miller & Johnson.— O.
Benthe.— W. G.— J. M.— T. W. B.— W. G. G.— G. T. M.—
W. S. (too late).— L. A. L.— A. G.— N. C. B— K. W. (we
shall bo glad to hear).— D. B. C— Messrs. Webb & Sons.—
S. & S. (neit week).— M. D.— H. W. (next week).-E. P.—
W. ThrelfaU.— J, W.

AuotTST 6. 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' GHBONIGLE.

175

'ARKET8.

COVENT GABDEN, August 4.

[We cannot accept any editorial re.-^ponsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us reguhirly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, nnd who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The price^j depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Supplies of soft fruit falling off, the drought
bringing down -weight considerably, especially Black
Currants and Kaspbernes. The Cherry crop has
been good both as to quantity and quality, and prices
have well remunerated growers. Fine samples of
Peaches in fair demand, but mediums heavy sale.
Business settling down quiet. James Webber, Whole-
sale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Balsams, per dozen... 3
Calceolaria, dozen ... 4
Cyp«ru3, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen ... ...30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

Ficus elastica. each . 1
Foliage plants, vari-

Fuchsias, doz. ... 3

Heliotrope, dozen ... 4

0-18 0 Hydrangeas, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
0-6 0 Lilium longiHorum,

0-90, per dozen IS 0-24 0

0-12 0 j — lancifolium, per

dozen 9 0-18 0

0-«0 0 Lobelias, dozen ... 3 0- 4 0
0-24 0 Marguerite Daisy,

I per dozen 6 0-12 0

0-18 0 Mignonette, doz. ... 4 0- 6 0

, Musk, per dozen ... 2 0- 4 0
0-24 0 Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0

I Palms, in var., each 3 fr-21 0
0-18 0 j Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-12 0
6-7 0 — scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

j — Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40
0-10 0 I Rhodanthe, dozen ... 6 0-90
0-9 0 Scented Verbena,doz. 4 0-60
0-80,

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons. 12 bun ... 2 i
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 3 i
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 i
Carnations, 12 blms. 0 i

— dozen bunches... 3 i
Cornflower, 12 bun. 1 I
Eucharis, per dozen 3 (
Gardenias. 12 blooms 2 (
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 (
Jasmine, white, bun. 0 t
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms 3 (

— lancifolium, 12 bl. 1 (
Marguerites, 12 bim. 3 (
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 (

Myosotis, 12 bun. ...2 0-3 0
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 6-10

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 4-06
Pinks, coloured and

white, 12 bun. ...20-40
Primiilas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-10

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0-60
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6-16

— coloured, dozen. 0 6-10

— red, perdozen ... 0 6- 1 0

— Saffrano, dozen... 0 9-10
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0- 4 U
Tropteolums, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 6-10

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Cherries, ^sieve ...3 0-6 0
Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 2 6
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 9-16
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons, each ... 16-30

Peaches, dozen ... 2 0- 8 0
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-16
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50
Strawberries, per lb. 0 3- 1 0

Vegetables — Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d.

Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, spring,

each

Celery, per bundle ..
Cucumbers, each ..
Endive, per dozen ..
GreenAHnt, bunch... 0 4-
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4-
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3-
Lettuce, perdozen ... 1 6-
Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 2-

, 0 4- ...

,30-.

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ... 4 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Peas, per quart ... 1 0- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 6 0- ...
Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...

Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 3- ...

Potatos. — Jerseys about finished. Kents, 2s. 6d. to 4s. per
bushel ; Cherbourgs, 4s. to 6s. ; Roses, 5s. to 6.5. ; Beauties,
6s. to 7s. per cwt.

SEEDS.

London: Aut/ust S. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London E.G.,
report a steady inquiry for Trifolium ; the supply of
new seed being for the moment small, full prices
are readily obtained ; the crop of English is proving
shorter than was at one time thought. For sowing
Mustard there is a good salt; at an advance of six-
pence per bushel dearer. Ntw samples of home-
grown Rye, Rape seed, Peas, and winter Tares are
now offering. In bird seeds there is this week no
quotable alteration.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing thip average
price ot British oorn, imperial measure, in the week
ended July 30 :— Wheat, 34*. 'Sd.; Barley. 21s. 8^^.;
Oats, 17s. \d. For the corresponding week in 1886 :
—Wheat, 325. ; Barley, 'Xs, iOd. ; Oats, 20s. 7d.

FRTHT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East Londun) : August 3. — Ample
supplies of all kinds of produce, with a fairly good
demand at moderate prices. Fruit trade brisk. Quo-
tations:— Black Currants, 3s. to 3s. Qd. per half-
sieve ; white Currants, 3s. 3d. to 4s. do. ; red Cur-
rants, 2s. Qd. to 3s. do. ; Gooseberries, Is. 6f^. to 2*.
do. ; black Cherries, 4s. to45. 6(/. do.; white Cherries,
5s. to 6s. Gd. do.; Green Gages, 2s.Qd. to 3s. per box ;
Plums, 2s. 6rf. to 3s. 6*/. do. ; Raspberries, 3s. to
3s. 6d. per dozen pounds (in pound punnets) ;
Apples, 6s. to 7s. 6^. per bushel ; Pears, 3s. to
3s. Gd. per moUey ; Tomatos, Is. to Is. Gd. per box ;
Peas, 45. to 8s. per bag ; Cabbages, 45. to 6s. per
tally ; Mint, 35. to os. per dozen bunches ; Parsley,
2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Onions, 2s. 6d. to 3s. Gd. do. ;
Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 35. Gd. do. ; Carrots, 2s. Gd. to
3s. Gd. do. ; Cos Lettuces, Sd. to Is. per score ; frame
Cucumbers, 3s. to 55. Gd. per dozen ; common ditto,
9(/. to Is. Sd. do.

Stratford : Aiigitst 2. — The market has been well
supplied, and a brisk trade was done at the under-
mentioned quotations : — Cabbages, 45. to 6s. per tally ;
Turnips, Shaws, 65. to Gs.Gd. percwt. ; Mangels, 165.
to 20s. per ton ; Apples, English, 6s. per bushel ;
ditto. Lisbon, 10s. to lis. per case ; Marrows, Is. to
\s. Gd. per dozen ; Beans, scarlet, 4s. 6^^. to t>s. Gd.
per bushel ; do. Broad, 3s. to 3s. Gd. per bag ; Cur-
rants, black, 3s. to 3s. Gd. per half sieve ; do. red, 3s.
to 3s'. Gd. do. ; Cherries, white, 55. to 6s. do. ; do.
black, 45. to 5s. do. ; Green Gages, 3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. per
box.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : August 2. —Trade
slow, but prime qualities uphold their value. Quota-
tions : — Essex kidneys, 75. to 9s. ; do. Shaws, 65. to
8s. ; Early Roses, 5s. to 6s. ; Hebrons, 6s. Gd. to Ss. ;
Myatts, 7s. to 9s. ; Jersey kidneys, 8s. to 9s. ; Cher-
bourg do., 85. to 9s. ; do. round, 65. Gd. to Ss. Gd.
per cwt,

Columbia (East London) : August 3. — Quotations :
— English : Early Rose, 5s. to Gs. Gd. ; do. Early
Shaws, bs. to Gs. Gd. ; do. Early Myatts, 5s. Gd.
to 65. Gd.\ Beauty of Hebron, 6s. to 7s.; Cherbourg
flukes, Gs. to 7s. ; do. rounds, 5s. to bs. Gd. ; Jersey
flukes, Gs. to 7s. ; do. rounds, bs. to bs. Gd. per cwt.

Stratford: August 2. — Quotations: — Early Rose'
1(X)5. to 120s. ; kidneys, 100s. to 1305. ; Beauty of
Hebron, llOs. to 140s. ; Cherbourg Blanches, 140s.
to 160s. per ton.

HAY-

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 90s. to
102*. Gd.\ inferior, 705. to 845. ; hay, prime, 705.
to 925. ; inferior, 50s. to Gb.'^. ; and straw, 34s, to 47s.
per load.

Vegetable Products of the Canary
Islands. — According to a recent report from Ten-
erirte the Cochineal cultivation still continues to
decline, notwithstanding which it remains the staple
article of export from the islands, the total quantity
exported amounting to 1 ,449,698 lb., valued at
£78,525. The average price during the year was cal-
culated at about Is. Id, per lb., being 3(^. lower in the
pound than in 1885. Oranges and Bananas were
shipped in great quantities for London and Liver-
pool. The exportation of the latter had considerably
increased over the year before, and would doubtless
have been still greater had it not been for quaran-
tine impediments on arrivals from the River Plate ;
nevertheless, some 50,000 clusters of this fruit were
exported at the average price of 3s. per cluster, equal
in value to about £4400. Tobacco as an article of
export is becoming of great importance in Teneriffe
and Grand Canary, where several factories have been
established, which turn out considerable quantities
of good cigars, much approved of in Germany, Spain,
and South America. Large consignments were
made last year to Spain under contract with the
Government.

BOULTON & PAUL'S
PLANT FRAMES

Are always in stock. re;uly to be sent oEf on receipt of order.
They are made of best sound red deal, sawn from the best trees
in the forest to our own requirements, and seasoned in a proper
The FRAMES are of l^inch boards, 13 inches high

...front. 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridce,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The
LIGHTS are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged
to turn over, back and front, for ventilating ; the whole painted
four coats. The glass is ENGLISH 21-oz. weight, PACKED
and sent CARRIAGE PAID to any station in England and
Wales, also to Dublin. Belfast, Londonderry, Cork, Glasgow
and stations equivalent.

Cases are allowed in full when returned.

No. 74.— Plant Frame, ah bUx.-^ m stock.

CASH PRICES,

I>"CLUDING USE OF PACKING CASES.

Length. Width. Price.

... 8 feet by 6 feet ... £4 12 6

... 12 feet by 6 feet ... 6 6 0.

... 16 feet by 6 feet ... 8 0 0

... 20feet by Sfeet ... 9 15 0
made. See LISTS, post-free.

2-):,IGHT FRAME

Smaller Frames

CATALOGUES

of Greenhouses. Heating Apparatus, Garden Frames in every
variety. Garden Implements, Water Carts, Pumps, and every-
thing required for Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, post-free on
application.

ESTEVIATES for Greenhouses free on receipt of particulars.

LADIES and GENTLEMEN waited upon by appointment
in any part of the Kingdom.

NORWICH.

THOMAS'S TRAINING TRELLISES

No. 81. GAL^•A^■1SEU AFTEK MADE.

For Training Peaa instead of

Training Plants to Walls, &c.

Is Panels.

6 feet by 3 feet ... 2S. each.
6 feet by 4 feet ... 3S. each.
6 feet by 5 feet ... 4S. each.
Also used for training plants,
made any size to order.
6-inch 4-inch 3-inch 2-inch Ij-inch mesh.

2d. 3d. ajd. 4d. 4§d. per foot super.
GALVANISED WIRE NETTING.

Iniprovcvl M.icliiui-made.

Greatly Reduced Prices per Koll of 60 Yards.

3 ft.

4 ft.

8 ft.

6 0 6 S 10 0
6 9 9 0 13 6
9 9 13 0 19 6

l-in. 8 0 12 0 16 0 24 0

STEEL BABB WIBE.

100 yard Reels 6 0

„ J cwt. ... 12 6
„ 1 cwt. ... 26 0
Special Quotations for Large
Quantities.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

The Best

and Quickest

Made.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hotrwater Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 3(f . each-;
4-in. Socket Hotrwater Pipes, 9 feet long, is, 6rf. each.
Full Illustrated Revised Price List a

176

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[[AnonsT 6, 1887.

RICHARDSON'S

^^SsHORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

^^ Fixed in any part of the

ICingdom with Hot-water

Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE
FKEE.

North of England Horticultural WorksTS^W

DARLINGTON.

HY. VAN & CO.

(Tl.f (llilest Londou House in the Traile, Estil. 1780).

17, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

in,Mratcd CATALnGVK.'i Post-free.
PROTECTION FOR FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

GAKDEN NETTING, 2 yards wiile. Ijfi., or per 100 yarila,
10.S-. ; ditto. 4 yards wide. 3rf.. or per 100 yards, 20.s.

SCRIM CANVAS. 1 yard wide, 3rf. ; IJ yard, 4J(i. ; and
2 yards, 6rf. per yard.

TIFFANY. 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. 6(i. per piece.

SHADING BLINDS made up any size.

RICK CLOTHS. TARPAULINS, Com and Potato SACKS,
FLAGS, TENTS, &c.. for Sale or Hire.

TOBACCO PAPER. RAFFIA, and Garden MATS al all kinds.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.

W. H. LASCELLFS Avn CO. will Rive Estimates for e\ er\
dascription of HURriCULrllRlL WORK, free of charge, and
send competent assist inls « lien necessarj

LASCELLES' NEW ROtKWORK material m various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121. Biinhill Bow. London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildincs. Greenhouses, and
Consenat.iri.-. .nid Oini n-te Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages,

i<feL:ftSSHOUSES8c«EAfWG:

B-W-WA-RWU-RST

tsiA, BKA070BT gTK£ET, CHELaKA, g.W.i<\ >

PAXTON'S CALENDAR.

New Edition, Corrected uj> to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

(TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.)

By the late Sin JOSEPH TAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Oardeners' Chronicle.

Price 3d., Post-free 8Jd. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, lOs. ; and one hundred, 20s.

r.ircek of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

AV. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History,
and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical
Terms. Mediwn 8vo, cloth, price 25s.

BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
JIasters, JI.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards
of 100 Illustrations. Price Zs. Gd.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Jlanual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. AN'ith 400 Illustrations 8\ o, cloth, price .5.5. C(/.

LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, price Qs.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND (ECONOMICAL BOTANY. A\ith numerous Illustra-
tions. 8vo, cloth, price 5.?.

LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools.
Price Is., sewed.

WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.

MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A

Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New E.lition.
Fcap. cloth, price ~s.

HIGH-CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By William Eabley, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How
to Grow Asparagus," &o., &c. Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price is. 6d.

HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price Is. stitched.

THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth

Edition, revised and enlarged. Price Is.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Mt^thod of Culture,

By AViLLiAM Earley. Price Is. stitched.

London: BKADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C.

AcouST 6, 1887.]

/

THE GABDENER8' GBHONICLE.

m

WINE

G R O W E R S'

GENTS.

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

Old-establislied Wine and Spirit Merchants.

GOOD DINNER CLARETS from 12s. 6d. per dozen.

SOLE AGENTS FUR

GEVENCEY CHAMPAGNE (Specialitc), 3 Os. per dozen.

99, GRESHAM STREET. LONDON, E.G.

STEVEN BROS &. C*
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

CONTRACTORS TO HEB MAJESTY'S "WAR DEPABTMEITT.

THE Thames Bank Iron Company,

- UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" HOTWATEK," LONDON), ^fe-==j, ^=^ f^-— -'i

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. MJ k4 411=1 J':'' L..i,

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, AND CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, llth Edition, price Is.

Price LIST o» application Free.
HOT-WATER AND HOT-AIR APPARATUS

ERECTED COMPLETE, OU THE MATERIAL SUPl'LIEI).

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOELEE,

with Waterway End.

From 20 inches to 66 inches long.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Fkom

To

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,
LONDON, W.C.

1887.

Please send me "TsE Gaedenees'' Cheonicle" /o-

MontliSf

commencing

-, for which I enclose P. 0. 0.

^^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. "^^^^

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15i, ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19s. 6d.

Receipts for less than six months' subscripfeion will »6 be sent unless specially asked for.

P. 0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. ^^ g^ c.^

Cheques should ie crossed " DR UMMONV." ' —

178

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AuoTiBT 6, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Bead Line charged i

4 Lines.

£0

3

0

15 Lines.

£0 8

6

5 „ .

0

3

G

16 „ .

0 9

0

6 „ .

0

4

0

17 „ .

0 9

6

7 „ ■

0

4

f)

18 „ .

0 10

0

8 „ .

0

.5

0

19 „ .

0 10

6

9 „ .

. 0

.')

6

20 „ .

0 11

0

10 „ .

0

6

0

21 „ .

0 11

ti

11 „ .

0

fl

6

22 „ .

0 12

0

12 „ .

0

7

0

23 „ .

0 12

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18 „ .

0

7

6

24 „ .

. 0 13

0

14 „ .

0

8

0

25 „ .

0 13

e

AND SIXPENCE FOB EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set acro'*3 two Columus, the lowest charge will be 20s.

If set acros^i three Column^ the lowest charge will be 30s.

Pai^e. £S: Haif I'au^e. £i Ins.; Cohimii, £;i.

GARDENERS and OTHERS WANTING SITUATIONS.

3li words, inchnling name and address. Is. Gd.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORT.'iNT NOTfCE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, at
cUl Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the semler.

Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each msertion.

Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the Office

by Thurxdny noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kimuiom: 12 Mouths, 15s.; 6 Months,

73. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (exceptinj^ India and China); including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 iMonths; India and China, 19s. 6d.

Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY L.\NE. W.C, to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41, Wellington Street. Strami. London. W.C.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, Ihl. per
yard; 10s. per 100 yards; 25 yards 2 yards wide post-
free 4s.; 4 yards wide, id. per yard; 20s. per 100. NEW
TWINE NETTING, 1 inch mesh, 1 yard wide. 2d. ; 2 yards
wide, M. ; 4 yards wide, U. per yard. COTTON NETTING,
54 inches wide. 19 meshes to square inch. Id. per yard (best
article to protect fruit trees. &c.). BAT FOLDING NETS, on
Bamboo poles, 20s. CLAP NETS, for birds, 30s.

W. CULLINGFORD, Forest Gate, London, E.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. ^. per gallon at the manufactory, (

/^ A TTT^ TD A7 Every cask bears the above Registered

^-f-ti. U ±X\J±y , Trade Mark. Beware of cheap

HILL & SMITH

Brterley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47. Dawson Street. Dublin,

HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOEEDITCH, LONDON, E.

BOULTON & PAUL,

Garden Engine and

Water-Barrow

Combined.

This implement is well

adapted for both large

and small gardens. It

is strong and well made

an<l not liable to get

out of order.

C.4SH PRICES

(Carriage Paid):

15 gallon size, JB.3 15s.

20 „ „ £4 5s.

26 ., „ £4 16s.

^^ _ Pumps for domestic

=5=;/^;ind garden purposes,

-^j, . .^^ _ ^ ( iurden Engine.s. Water

XT^ ^_ ^ Hiirrows, manufactured

bj our,Lht, NEW GENERAL CATALOGUE sent free.

D -'4— -ll/5/b7.

Use Antimonial

RED RUBBER
GARDEN HOSE.

Originateil by me wlien with JlKRBYWKATHEB & SoXS, and
guaranteed made from pure Para Fibrous Rubber, with
genuine antimony.

Order any length direct, with or without Fittings, at Stores'
Prices, and avoid worthless counterfeit hose.

PUMPS, WATER BARROWS, LAWN FOUNTAINS,
GARDEN ENGINES, CANVAS HOSE, COUPLINGS, and
FITTINGS in all sizes.

J. H. HEATHMAN,

SHOW ROOMS :— 2, ENDELL STREET, LONDON, W.C.
MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Aeridents, Employer's Liability, insured against by the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
CO.-HPANY, 64, Comhill, London. Income, £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £3,360.000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End OfHce, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C; Head
Office, 64, CornhiU, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. V1,4N. SecreUry.

Now Ready.

Part V ..f the :ird .-Series of

WARNER'S SELECT ( tRCHIDACEOUS
PLANTS. Publi-hed hy RmiF.RT Warsf.r. Esq.,
F.L.S., F.K.H.S.,with Illustrations of Odontoglossum Edithiie,
Aiipniriini ElHsii, Epidendrum vitellinum giganteum, admir-
alilv fx-i iited and coloured by hand.

Tlu- l^t and 2nd Series, which comprise together 79 beauti-
fully Coloured Plates, and which are complete with the most
reliable descriptions, form admirable volumes for the table of
every drawing-room.

This work is, by permission, specially dedicated to the Queen,
and to which a First class Certificate and Prize Medal was
awarded at the Calcutta Exhibition, 1883-4.

Published at 26 and 27, The Crescent, Jewin Street, Cripple-
gate, London. E.C.

Co vent Garden Market, W.C.

PARTNER WANTED. Whole attention re-
quir,-d. Must be adapted to the business, and be
energetic— G. B.. Gardeners' C/ironic/e Office, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a GARDENER, for a Single-
handed place. Must understand Glass, Fruit and
Kitchen Gardens. — Apply by letter only, stating age,
experience, and wages required, to G. A. B., 123, Station
Street. Burton-on-Trent. ^ ^^^

ANTED, a go^d SINGLE-HANDED

GARDENER; boy to assist after 10 o'clock. About
li acres of Garden, two Small Greenhouses, one Cow. Total
;tb-^t;uin-r pr.-f.-rred. Wages 225.; house and giis. State if
married and number of children.— Apply by letter, to J. H.,
H.-rtfurd Ltjdi,'e. Church End, Finchley, N.

WANTED, in a Market Nursery, a young
MAN to take charge of the Stove Department. Must
be a fair Propagator, and able to Raise Ferns. Wages. 21s.
per week.— State qualifications, age. and where last employed
to 2, Parker Street, Liverpool.

ANTED, THREE YOUNG MEN, used to

Fruit, Flower, and Plant Growing for Market. Wages,
£1 per week.— FOREMAN. Turnford HallNursery, Herts.

WANTED, an IMPROVER, for two years,
under Glass, ia a Lnrge Establishment. — Premium £5
per annum; aye not under 18; wage.i 13s. or U,?. per week,
according to experience, bothy, milk, &,c.— A. EVANS, Lythe
Hill, Haalemere.

WANTED, a Young MAN, thoroughly ac-
customed to Wreath and Bouquet Making, and take
Cliarge of Stand in Smithlield Market. Manchester. Must
have first-class reference^.— Apply, stating wages required, and
full particulars, to WILLIAMSON, Bloomsbury Nursery,
Timperley, Manchester.

WANTED, a YOUTH, to Assist in Shop.
Must have slight knowledge of the Horticultural
Trade.— HARPHAM and HOWES, 107, Church Street, Edg-
ware Road, N.W.

WANT PLACES.

P0S2AL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others, — It U very important m Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURV LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B.~The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters adilressed " Poste Restnnte" to initials or to fictitious
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the

Gardeners, Under Gardeners, Bailiffs, &c.

WM. CUTBU8H AND SON have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whose characters will bear
Btrict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
can recommend as to abilities, &c. — Ladies and Gentlemen re-
quiring either of the above can be suited with reliable, first-clasa
men by applying to Wm. Cutbush & Son. Highgate Nurseries, N.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND CO., having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of t-ested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND CO., The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applit^ations from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
4c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.

O —John Downie. Seedsman, 14-t, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his List a number of SCOTCH
GAJIDENERS. waiting re-engagements. He will be pleased to
supply full particulars to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, B-ULIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the oest selections for the
different capacities will be made. — HoUoway, N.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston. near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GAJIDENER, and also another MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience aa an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

ORCHID GROWER, or FOREMAN ; age 25.
—J. Stewart. The Gardens. Langford Park, Maldon,
Essex, can confidently recommend his Foreman, E. Bristow,
who has been with him five years, to any one requiring his
ither of the above capacities. — Address as above.

GARDENER (HEAD),or ORCHID GROWTJR.
—Age 39. married, youngest child age 10; thoroughly
practical. Good experience. Well recommended.— HEAD
GARDENER, Forest View. Chigwell Row. Essex.

i^ARDENER (Head).— Age 31, married;

VjlT thoroughly experienced inside and out. (Jood character,
— W., 18, Hillside Grove. Chase Road. Southgate, N.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married;
understands Forcing Vines, Peaches, Melons, Stove
and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden, &c.
Good Character.— W. P.. 4. North Row. Winchmore Hill, N.

GARDENER (Head).— Married ; twenty-five
years' experience in all branches of Gardening. Laying-
out Grounds, Rock Work, &c. Twenty-five years' good charac-
ter, including four years from present employer.— G,, Mr. F,
Webber, Quarry Hill Nursery. Tonbridge.

(^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 44 ; married, no
X family. Twelve years in present situation, county of
Durham. Thoroughly understands the Growing of Fruit,
Plants, and Flowers. Unexceptional references, — Full par-
ticulars on application to DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT.
Seed Merchants, Manchester.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three
are kept. — Age 45, married, 2 children (youngest age 8);
twenty-five years' practical experience in Greenhouse-*, Vines,
Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardens, &c. Two
years in present situation. Leaving solely on own account.
—J. HUMPHREY, Caldecott, Abingdon, Rerks.

AuGDST 6, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

179

GARDENER (Head). — Thoroughly expe-
rienced in Vines, Fruit Trees, Stove and Greenliouse
Plants. Flower iind Kitchen Gardenis. Eighteen years'
experience. Good references and character. — BUSE, Lost-
■withiel, Cornwall.

AKDENEK (Head AVobkinq).— Age 42,

married ; thoroufjh in all branches. Seven years in present
situiitiou. Previous and present testimonials undeniable. —
P. M.. 1. Hope Cott^ige. Leighton Koad. Kentish Town. N.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 36,
married; has had an English, Scotch, and Channel
Ishinds experience, and can be well recommended.— T. BOGIE,
Bnieebndge. Lincoln.

ARDKNER (Head Working).— Age 44,

marrit'd (Scotch) ; thoroughly experienced in all depart-
ments of Gardening; eleven years in last situation. Good
reference. — J. C, 4, Exeter Villas, Torquay.

GARDENER (ELead Working). — Married,
one child; thoroughly practical in all brandies. Over
six vears" good character as Head.— W. C, 30. Oaktield Street,
Altrincham, Cheshire.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 29,

married, no encumbrance; three and a half years in
previous situation as Foreman in large establishment. Can be
well recommended. — G. P., Pomona Place, King's Road,
Fnlhaa?, S.W.

GARDENER (Head AN'orking) ; age 30.—
Mr. Forbes, Gardener to W. Drury Lowe, Esq., Locko
Park, near Derby, can highly recommend his Foreman.
Frederick Beney, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
practical Gardener. Fourteen years' experience. — Address as

GARDENER (Head Working), where
Gardening is cherished. — Age 29, married, one child
(age 2^) ; sixteen years' experience. Thoroughly understands
Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants. Early and Late Forcing, Flower and Kitchen Garden,
&c. Three years' good character.— GARDE.VEU. Brookhurst,
Bromborough, Cheshire.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
SISGLE-HAXDED).— H. ToMS, Gardener to the Earl of
Listowel, is open for an engagement as above. Good character.
—Kingston lion^e. Prince's Gate, S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed). — Thorough practical experience in
all branches. E.xcellent references. — J. C, The Gardens,
Mapledurham, Oxon.

GARDENER. — Age26, married; eleven years'
all-round experience.— A. B.ANH All, 3, Helvetia Cottages,
West Wickham, Beckenham, Kent.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him ; age 36, married, four children. — A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener witli twenty-one years' experience
in Houses, Kit<;hen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes. Melons, Peaches. Sec— J. B-A.RTLETT, Jlrs. Carpenter's,
Bedliampton, Havaut.

ARDENER (Single-handed, or Head),

where two are kept. — Age 29, married one child (age 4) ;
practical and energetic. Four years' good character. — \V.
LEE, The Lodge, The Towers, HiUingdon, Cibridge.

ARDENER (Firsl^class Single-handed).—

Thoroughly understands Glass, Flower, and Kitchen
Garden. Over three years' character in last situation. —
CHARLES SMITH, Locko Park, near Derby.

(^ ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 25,

VJ" single : two years' good character from present employer,
who can strongly recommend him. — A. BRIGHT, Grey Court,
Ham, Surrey.

ARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 30,

married, one child ; total abstainer. Good character
from present and previous situations. — G. G., 21, Beaconsfield
Street, Bedford.

pi ARDENER (Second, or good Single-

vj~ handed). — Age 24; eight years' experience. Inside
and Out. Good references.- ALPHA, Mrs. Steers, The Stables,
PaleweU, East Sheen, S.W.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed). —
Age 24 ; well up in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, also
Fruit Culture in all its branches. Used to Propagating. Good
Workman. Over seven years' good character. — FRED WIL-
LLiMS, Royal Spa, Shanklin, Isle of Wight.

G< ARDENER (Second), in the Houses, or
r Inside and Out.— Age 23 ; good reterenceii. Total ab-
stainer. — GEORGE PARRANT, 14, Belsize Park Terrace,
Belsize Lane, Hampstead, N.W.

ARDENER (Second), in the Houses, where

four or five are kept. — Age 22 ; good reference. Seven
years' experience. — G. S., The Gardens, Lessness, Abbey Wood,
Kent.

GARDENER (Second), in a good establish-
ment.— Age 31, married, two children; good practical
knowledge of Indoor and Outdoor work. Three years' good
character. Abstainer.- C.SHORT.Limbrick Goring, Worthing,

GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed,
or where more are kept). — Age 22 ; two years' good cha-
racter.—.7AS. WHEELER, Arthur Street, Ryde, Isle of Wight.

GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed). —
Age 26, married ; cows not objected to. Total abstainer.
Three years' good character. — J. L., 17. Borodaile Road, Wands-
worth, S,W.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 17 : a'ood refer-
ences.—w. WOOD, " Rising Sun," BiUing^hurst.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ;! six years'

experience Inside and Out. Good chariicter.— C. P.,
Hill Farm, Cliorl. y W.w.l, near Rickmansworth, Herts.

G

f^I\llE>.'l'',U (UMijcB),in good establishment,

in the Houses; nu oKjectiou toapartout. — Age 18; good
reference.- .7. R. WATSON. Branston Hall, Lincoln.

GARDENER (Under), Outdoor preferred.—
Age 19 ; five years' experience inside and ont. Can have
good character.- W. G. MORGAN. Trafalgar, Salisbury.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 22; has good

experience in all branches. Strong and willing. Good
character. — H. V., 9, Headcorn Road, Lower Tottenham.

ARDENER (Under), in a good establish^

ment.— Age 18 ; five years' experience.— W. BARTLETT,
Fulbourn, Carabs.

GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's
Establishment; Age 19; willing to be useful. Wages
no object as to good place. Highly recommended.— .T. G.,
Gnrieners' CT;ronic/c Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Under), wishing to improve
himself.— Age 20; one year in present situation, four
years' previous. Good character.- H. DALLEY, Gardener.
Hersham, near Walton-on-Tharaes, Surrey.

ARDENER (Under), in the Houses, or In-

side and Out. — Age 22; three years' good character.
Nine years' experience.— E. WATKINS, Botanic Garden,
Queen's Road. Chelsea, S.W.

GARDENER (Under), in a good private
establishment.— Age 20. Good references from London
Nursery and Country Establishments. — W. G. JAMES,
60. Wyndham Road, Bournemouth.

GARDENER (good practical), or GENERAL
FOREMAN. — Age 30, single; several years' experience.
Two years' character from present place. — F. B., 44, Wellesley
Road. Kentish Town, N.W.

FOREMAN, good.— Age 25 ; twelve years'
experience. Three years Foreman in last place. Good
Plantsman, and well up in Exhibition Work. Highly recom-
mended.—T. S., Handsworth, Sheffield.

FOREMAN.— Age 30, married ; understands
Fruit, and Plant Growinf;. Propagating, &c. First-class
references from previous situations. State wages. — C. D., 41,
Wortley Road. Maiiborough. Rotherham.

I^'^OREMAN. — Age 26; ten years' experience
in Fruit and Plant Houses. Good testimonials. Two
years' in last place as Foreman.— G. MARSH, 45, Woolcot
Street. Redland, Bristol.

FOREMAN. — Used to Conservatory, Mansion
Decorations. General Work, Forcing, &c. Highest refer-
ences from last and previous employer. — C. B., 26, Elgin
Terrace, Maida Vale, London, W.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER of Roses and

Soft-wooded Stuff for Market.— Well up in Cut Bloom
Trade, also Tomatos and Cucumbers, Grapes, &c. — X. Y. Z.,
6, Bull's Plain, Hertford.

JOURNEYMAN, or ASSISTANT PROPA-
GATOR, under Glass.— Age 20; four and a half years'
good experience in Nurseries and Private G.irden ; quick at
Potting, Tying, Watering, &c.— C. B., Knole Hill View,
Bromley Common, Kent.

OURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—

Age 23 ; four years' good character. Mr. Mack AY,
Gardener, Maristow, Roborough, South Devon, can confidently
recommend a young man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 25 ;
eight years' experience, inside and out. Good references.
— R. D., Bishopsford, Mitcham, Surrey.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a Gentle-

fj man'sGarden, or would not object to in and out of houses.
Bothy preferred.— H. ISON. Chaffey Cottage, Fulbonrne, Cambs.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a
Foreman. — Age21. Good character. Bothy preferred.^
A. SAPSFORD, Stonard's Farm, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

JOURNEY'MAN, Indoor. — Age 21 ; five
years' experience. F'irst-cliiss testimonials as to abilities,
&c.— E. H.. The Gardens, Preen JIanor, Shrewsbury.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 21.
Quick at Potting. Wnter-ng, and Tyeing.— G. G.. Gar-
dmers' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

JOURNEYJIAN, in a good establishment.—
Age 20; live years in pre.-^ent situation. Good character.
— W. SEBLEY, The Gardens, Woodhall Park, Hertford.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a large
establishment.- Age 21 ; late of Trafalgar Gardens,
Salisbury. Wilts.— G. FULFORD. The Gardens, Sunningdale
Park, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good Private Garden.
Chas. Boatwright, Gardener, Moor Park, Famham,
will be pleased to recommend an energetic and trustworthy
young man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
three years in present situation. Good recommendation.
Bothy preferred,— S. H. SNELL, TheDaison, St. Mary Church,
Torquay.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
establishment.— Age 20 ; four years' experience Inside
and Out. Excellent cimracter. — For particulars, apply to
J. NIXON, Naseby, Woolleys. Rugby.

TO NURSERYMEN.— A young man (age 18)
seeks a situation in a Nursery Indoors or Out. Good
Budder. Three years' experience. Quickandactive.— T. KENT,
4, Church Road, East Wickham, Welling, Kent.

'yo NURSERYMEN or GENTLEMEN.—

Good Budder and Grafter, &c. Eight years with W.

TO GARDENERS, &o.— Wanted, by a youth
age 19. a situation in a good Garden. Willing to pay
small premium. Well recommended.— A. B., Hanbury Hull,
Burton-on-Trent.

0 GARDENERS, &o.— Wanted by a youth

(age 17) Situation under a Gardener. Good character.
Abstainer. Good knowledge of the work.— JAMES BORAS-
TON, Gardener's Cottage, Shepherd's Lane, Brixton, S.W.

TO GARDENERS, &c.— A Youth (age 18),
requires situation in Garden. Has had some experience.
Good references, if required.— F. M., :i, Chatterton Road,
Bromley, Kent.

0 NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, ^

OTHERS.— G. Noyce having had twenty-five years'
experience in the science of Mushroom Growing and Spawn
Making, will be prepared to Travel anywhere in the United
Kingdom from the last week in August.— For terms, apply to
G. Noyce. 192, Kensiugton Park Road, Notting Hill, W.

NURSERY CLERK, SEEDSMAN, andTRA-
VELLER ; age 33.— William Napper (twenty years'
experience), seeks employment. He has a good wholesale and
retail connection in the Western Counties. Excellent corre-
spondent.— Alphington Cross, Exeter.

SHOPMAN, or CLERK.— Age 24 ; thorough
knowledge of the Trade, both Loudon and Provincial.
Good Shorthand and French. Highest references.— MAC,
Gardener^' Chronicle Oftice. 41, Wellmgton Street, Strand,W.C.

SHOPMAN (Head), or ASSISTANT in
Florist, Fruiterer, and Seedsman's. — Required by the Son
of a Nurseryman, a situation as above. Used to high-class
trade. Good testimonials, &c. — A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ALESMAN, or FOREMAN to Florist or

otherwise. — Twelve years' experience; well known in
Trade. Good references. — G. G., 1, Osman Road, Lower
Edmonton.

Seed and Nursery Trade,

SHOPMAN. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience
in all branches of Seed, Bulb, and Florist Departments,—
G. B. G., Messrs. Hurst & Sons, 152, Houndsditch, E.

SHOPMAN or WAREHOUSEMAN. — A
Seedsman (Scotchman, age 23) desires re-engagement as
Shopman or Warehouseman; nine years' practical experience
in Seed and Bulb Trade. First-class references. — DAPHNE,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOP ASSISTANT.— Advertiser, who can get
an unexceptional character, has had eight years' Shop and
Warehouse experience in a leading Irish Seed House, is anxious
to obtain a situation in Dublin, Edinburgh, Glasgow, or South
of Scotland. Should a suitable opening present itself, he could
take up duties on a month's notice. — B. K. J.. Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

TO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.— Ad-
vertiser (Age 28) seeks an engagement in Nursery or
Florist's Shop. Well-up in making Wreaths, Crosses, and
Bouquets. Total Abstainer.— W. SMITH, Nursery, Newtown,
Wednesbury, Staffs.

O WHOLESALE SEED or CORN

MERCHANTS, Town or Country.— Wanted employment
by respectable man (age 45, married) in Warehouse. Strong
and active. Fourteen years' experience in London Seed Ware-
houses. Good character. Fair education. — R. L., 84, Lamb's
Conduit Street, London, W.C.

TO GROWERS of FRUIT and FARMERS,
and LANDOWNERS.— The advertiser, who has had con-
siderable experience in the Preserving of Jams and Bottled
Fruits, both for the Home and Export Trade, will be glad to
Organise a Factory and Introduce Trade to enable the same to
be carried on profitably. — Address, FRUIT, Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HORTICULTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN and
HOT- WATER ENGINEER —A man of great experience ,
Good at Designs, Estimating, Heating, Details, &c. Has had
experience in Glazing without putty, Ijandscape Gardening.
Moderate salary. —

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS and OINTMENT.—
Bilious affections, with all their concomitant an-
noyances induced by atmospheric changes, or too liberal diet,
should be checked at once, or serious consequences may ensue.
When any one finds his ideas less clear than usual, his eye-
sight dimmed, and his head dizzy, accompanied by a disincli-
nation for all exertion, physical or mental, he may be quite
sure that he is in immediate need of some alterative medicine.
Let him at once send for a box of HoUoway's Pills, a mild
course of which will remove the symptoms, and speedily renew
his usual healthful feeling. If the bowels be irritable, Hollo-
way's Ointment should be diligently rubbed over the stomach
and liver every night and morning.

180

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 6, 1887.

m^xs- Medala.

W3& TO

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare, Manufacturer of TERRA COTTA
VASES. FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER
TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from 1 to 30 inches
diametef. stand the frosts, .and seldom turn preeu ; ORCHID,
FERN, SEED, and STRIKING-PANS, EHUBAKB and SEA-
KALE POTS, &c.

Price List post-free. Book of Designs, Is. 6(?,

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

Packages nml imrKuuj fr^'::. and drhvcrcd to (my Ijm'hn Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaianteed.

16 0

21 c

131 by 8^ for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6,

12 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6 or 250 squares 8J by 6J, or 220

14 „ 10 „ 13/- .. 19/- squares, 9J bv 6}, or 170 squares,

24/- 9 bv 7J, or 150 squares, 10 by 8,

"1/- for iO.«. Carriage paid for all orders

17/6
13/-
21/-

24/-

31/-
35/-

r£3.

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for u
n tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotatic
[iven for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AMI CLASS WAKEHOUSE,

14. Moor Lane. Cripplegate. London, E.C.

Soslier's Garden Edging Tiles.

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

axe made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
KITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour
Insects, take up little
and once put down
further labour or espens
do*'gro\\Ti" Edgings
quently being much cheaper
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.,iii Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kiugsland Road. E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

OKNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

QILVER SAND,

k^ fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

GARDEN SHADINGS, 'Sr^^s^^'

RUSSIA MATS, K.'SJTIA, TEAT,
SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, &c.,

At very Lowest Prloea,

CATALOGUE on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMEECIAL STREET, LONDON, E.

21-OZ. Foreign of the i\hj\ . si/p^. in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3d3 and 4th9 qualities, ..1" i^ ■< kc jit in stm k.

A large stock of similar current si/es of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all MiscellaneouB
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL ,n.d C(i1,i>;r MKRCIIANTS.

34, St. John Street, West SmltMeld, London, E.C,

at^ck List and Ibices on apfjltcation. (^uutt^ ChTontcte.

'w^
'--#^

MESSENGER & CO 'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus,

1 pi t pr t al and rel able gu de to all ibout obulJ It or 1 g diouses.
1 o e f m the large t nnge of "W nter Gar lens to th mple t fu m uf Portable
I rame al o of all the best k ud of Bo lers Hot- ater P i e nd all appl ances for
Is of Uu trat ons of aU the late t mpro ements n greenhou e lu Id ng and heating,
uld be n the hands of every one nterested n garden g as t couta ns many practical
re ult of ma y j ears eiper ence Price 2s post free

taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys
made and geutlemr'n waited on in anv part of the countrv. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

Illustr to of ry d
Greenl ou lit Prol
heat ng Th s C lalo"
is on a scale i ever befo
hints on tl e ulject of I
A large number of the
this Catalogue

5^S?^gJ

Hot-water Pipes and
Fittings

or EVERY LESCWITION.

4-lii(li I'ii'i's at 1.!. 6d. ijcr yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

and all other kinds of
BOILERS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &c.

Cjj VFQTFR'C PATENT STEEL TRENTHAM BOILER is far the best, cheapest, and

OILY LO I LD Q most economical Hot-water Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring

perfect coiiibu-ition saves fuel AwAprerents smoke, and the tiKcient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete; efficiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACHINERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, Sfc.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH (
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

.,^f3»St>~5;|

jijtebjiilit. ■

^\ §3

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUaoINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

E-iitoriiil Communications •

Printed by William Rich ,. _.

said WlLUAU KIOHAKDS, at the Office, 41, Wollmgtoa Street, Pariah of 'st.'Paui's, Covent Garden, ia the said County.— SiTURDAT, August t), 1887. Agent fo'rManohnster— JoHMHsrwoOB.'

Established i84i

No. 2433.

No. 33.-VOL. 11. g^^Z}

SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1887.

/Regt. as a Newspaper, f p R ] C E 3d*

\WITH SUPPLEMENT.\ PosT-FEKB, SJd.

Belon, Pierre '.'.'. '.'.'.
Books : —
Handbook of House

Property

Nouvelle Flore des en-
virons de Paris
Cirrhopetalum strangula-

CONTENTS.

197 Mammillaria

Conifer nomenclature ...

Devizes Castle

Flower fanning in South

of France lyo

Flower garden, the ... 193

Forestry 203

Fruit crops, remarks on . 186

Fruits under glass ... 198

Gardeners' Orphan Fund 194

Hardv fruit garden ... 198

Hollyhocks 196

Irish garden — aretrospect 185 Sonerilaa, varieries of

,, natural history ... 195 \Vasp3

Kew notes 197 Watering plants,

Kitchen garden, the ... 193 Weather, the

Illustrations.

194

j Odontoglossum Pesca-

I torei stupendum
197 Olearia Traversii

I Phylloxera regulations...
197 Plant portraits

{ Plants and their culture .
186 I Pogonia pulchella

195 Potato culture

196 Psilotum triquetrum ...
I Rose, York and Lancaster

Scotland

Societies —

National Carnation ...

Newbury

Royal Horticultural ...
., ,, of Aberdeen...

Scottish Horticultural

WelIingbor(

Olearia Traversii

Pine saw-fly

Psilotum triquetrum, \

Sireigigas

Sonerilas, varieties of

190, 191. 193

CALNE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—
The TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be
held in Bowood Park on the 23rd inst., when Prizes to the
value of ON'E HUNDRED and SE^'ENTY POUNDS will be
offered. Amongst others are the following, open to all
England : —
12 Vara. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. £15. £10, £5.
9 Ornamental Foliage Plants, £10. £5, £2 10s.

SANDY (Bedfordshire) HORTICULTUKAL
SOCIETY.
NINT:TEENTH annual exhibition —Open to all
England — FRIDAY. August 26. TWO HUNDRED and
TWENTY POUNDS in PRIZES, including for Ten Stove and
Greenhouse Plants in Flower— Ist Prize, £12; 2nd, £8; 3rd,
£4 : 4th. £3. Show Ground close to Great Northern and
London and North-Westem Stations. Plant Vans horsed to
and from free of charge. For Schedules apply,

WILLIAM GREEN, Secretary. Sandy.

EWCASTLE AUTUMN

FLOWER SHOW. WEDN^ESDAY, THURSDAY, and
FRIDAY, August 31, and September 1 and 2, 1887 (altered
from Tuesday. Wednesday, and Thursday, August 30, 31, and
September I) in the Royal Jubilee Exhibition Grounds. Largest
Prize List ever offered by the Society, including FIFTY
POUNDS Jubilee Fruit Prize. For Schedules, apply to

BRIGHTON and SUSSEX ELORICULTU-
RALand HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
GRAND AUTUMN EXHIBITION. SEPTEMBER 14 and 15,
at the Royal Pavilion. Brighton. 1st Prize, 8 Stove and Green-
house Plants, £8 ; 1st Prize Groupof Ferns. £5; 1st Prize Miscel-
laneous Group. £5. Entries Close September 10. Schedules of

Pri2

i to be had of

!--t^hirt:

January

1888.-rrHIRTIETH YEAR of the Grand Floral

York.jqXE 13, U, and 15. Schedules ready i

JNO. WILSON, Sec, 13, New Street, York.

pRYSTAL PALACE.—

V^" SCHOOL of LANDSCAPE GARDENING and IMPROVE-
MENT of ESTATES. Principal, Mr. MILNER. Suneying and
Engineering Applied to Beautifying and Improving Land.
Next Entries. SEPTEMBER 1. Prospectus of the undersigned,
F. K. J. SHENTON, Super. Educational Department.

LAING'S BULBS, for Early Forcing.—
Whit* Roman HYACINTHS, fine large roots, 14s. per luO ;
extra large picked roots, 16s. per 100. Paper White and Double
Roman NARCISSUS. 9s. per 100. All carriage free.

CATALOGUES Gratis and Post-free.
JOHN LAINQ AND SONS, Bulb Merchants. Forest HiU, S.E.

c

Eyaclntlis, Tulips, Crocus, UUes, tec.
G. VAN TUUERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,

• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
be had free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AHD SON, 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutohed Friars, London, E.G.

AURICULA PLANTS. — Winning Show
Varieties, for Sale ; also Alpines and Seed from beautiful
strains. Potting time.

F. POHLMANN, Parkinson Lane, Halifax.

E L W A Y AND SON.

KELWAVS "MODEL" CALCEOLARIA.
KELWAY'3 "MODEL" CIXERARIA.
Price of Seed on application.
Langport. Somerset.

K

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Bre-slau, Germany.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, &c.

WHOLESALE TRADE CATALOGUE
now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on appli-
cation. Low prices. First-class bulbs.

B. J. LOMANS, Bulb Grower, Haarlem.

E

Cri

AST LOTHIAN STOCK,

for present sowing. Very superior strain. Scotch

saved. Crimson, Purple. Scarlet, and White.
iOn and White Wallflower-leaved, Is., 2s. id., and 6s. pkt.
IRELAND AXD THOMSON, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

CCHUBERTLV GRANDIFLORA, new and

kJ fine white-flowered Climber for Warm Greenhouse. 7s. 6d.
SAXIFRAGA CUSCUT.EFORMIS. Is. [and 10s. id.

MESEMBRYANTHS, and other SUCCULENT PLANTS, made
a specialty.
GILBERT DAVIDSON, Wemoleu, Ammanford, K.S.O.,
South Wales.

To the Trade,

WAITE, NASH, AND CO. have Posted their
BULB CATALOGUE to all their Customers. If not
received another Copy will be forwarded on application,
79, South wark Street, London, S.E.

FERNS, — Good plants in pots of Pteris serru-
lata, P. a. cristala, P. cretica cristata, Doryopteris
palmata, the climbing Fern, and Lastrea variegata, at'los. per
100. Out of pota, 13s. 6d. Write to

M. SMYTH, 18, White Horse Lane. Jlile End, London. E.

ERINE MEADOWBANKII ATRORU-

BENS, and choice Seedlings of FOTHERGILLII and
CORUSCANS MAJOR, combining freeness of flowering and
large umbels. Prices on application.

JAMES ANDERSON, Nurseryman and Landscape Gardener,
Meadowbank, Uddingston, Glasgow.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 28S, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market. Covent Garden, W.C.. are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

ANTED, Choice FLOWERS, in quantity.

Offers to
J. HAYWARD, The Nurseries, Cheadle, Manchester.

ANTED, 400 NIPHETriS ROSES, strong

plantain pots; 200 GRAPES. Black Alicante.
H. SMITH AND SONS, Isleworth. Offers sent to that address.

C CAPITAL. — Advertiser, having had eleven
y years' experience in the Seed Trade, and possessing a
valuable connection, WANTS THE LOAN of £100 for twelve
mouths ; £200 returned at the end of that time.

Address, LOAN, Gardeners' C/ironieU Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W,C.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica. Seaforthia elepans,
Chamferops excelsa, and Phtenix reclinata — from 10s, per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lo<lge. Stamford Hill, London, N.

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS." LONDON.

New Roses in Pots.

LIST of the most select sorts noi
Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of best sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality.
SAMPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in 5-inch pots, carefully

packed for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 153.
HALF a DOZEN ditto, on receipt of Hs.

Camellias, Azaleas. Rhododendrons, Palms. Orcbids,

&.C. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON. 25. Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London, E.G.

ARGE CAMELLIAS. — A Bargain. — 10

large CAMELLIAS, from ? to 9 feet high, and 4 to 6 feet
through, all in pots or tubs, and the very picture of health.
They were the property of a Gentleman lat«ly deceased, and
muat be sold to realise. A grand chance for any one requiring
quantities of Cut Flowers. — Apply in the first instance to
CHAS. RYLANCE and CO., Bold Lane Nursery, near Ormskirk

Now In Full Bloom,

BEGONIAS. — Awarded Three Gold Medals.
Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are cordially in-
vited; free admission. Frequent trains from the City and West
End to Catford Bridge and Forest Hill Stations.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Stanstead Park, Forest Hill, S.E.

BMALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS, BOUVARDIAS, ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM and other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION wiU be held EARLY IN
SEPTEMBER.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

DAFFODILS, White Trumpets, &e.— Over 150
varieties to select from ! •■ HAKTLAND'S • ORIOIN.AL
LITTLE BOOK of DAFFODILS," including a special offer of
sweet-scented Oilips, Cowslips, and Primroses, is now ready. It
is the best guide to Daffodil knowledge ever published, consider-
ably enlarged — medium quarto size — and full of life-size origi-
nal drawings by Gertrude Hartland. The Book can he had for
18 stamps. Its duplicate, without the illustrations, free to all
applicants. Please write for them. The Bulbs are uncoi
healthy, all grown in fresh pasture loam and sea sand.
^-. „. . _

hOu:

TO MARKET GROWERS and OTHERS.—
About 4 Tons of AFRICAN TUBEROSES. Must be sold
at very low rates to clear. Samples and prices of
S. & B.. Stamford Hill Nursery, N.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTAED SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

CTRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel

V3 & Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sampleof plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, 3d.— W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

182

THE GJBDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[AuopsT 13, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Dutcn Bulbs.— Monday and Tliuraday Next.

SPECIAL S.VLES for tht- TKADE and LARGE BUYERS.

MESSRS. I'ROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION', at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on MONDAY and THURSDAY
>'EXT, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely each day, extensive
Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCU'S, NARCIS-
SUS, SNOWDROPS, and other BULBS, from Holland, speci-
ally lotted to suit the Trade and other large buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, August 19, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large quantity of l.MPORTED
and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from various owners.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

The Great Annual Trade Sales of

■WINTER FLOWERINO HEATHS, STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS.
Important to Nurserymen and Florists.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and M0RR:!S
respectfully give notice that thev have FIXED the
ANNUAL TRADE SALES as follows, and give this early
announcement that intending purchasers may make their
arrangements accordingly ; —
THURSDAY, September 8.— At the NURSERIES, SWAXLEY,

by order of Mr. P. Ladds.
MONDAY. September 12.— At the DY'SON'S LANE NUP,SEBY,

UPPER EDMONTON, by order of Mr. H. B. May.
TUESDAY, September 13. — At the BURNT ASH LaNE

NURSERIES, LEE, by order of Messrs. B. Mailer &

Sons.
■WEDNE3D-4.Y', September 14.— At the LEE BRIDGE NURSE-
RIES, LEYTON, by order of Mr. 3. Eraser.
THURSDAY, September 15.— At the BRUNSWICK NURSERY,

TOTTENHAM, by order of the Eiecutors of the late

Mr. John Mailer.
FRIDAY, September 16, at the LONGLANDS NURSERIES,

SIDCUP, by order of Messrs. Gregory & Evans.
SATURDAY. September 17, at the WOODLANDS NURSERY',

LEWISHAM, by order of Mr. R. BuUen.
MONDAY, September 19, at theKEW NURSEltY, RICHMOND,

by order of Mr. K. Drost.
Other Sales are in course of being arranged, and the Auc-
tioneers, who are preparing their Lists, for the coming season,
will be pleased to add the Names and Addresses of intending
purchasers who may desire to receive Cataloguesof the Auctions.

Forest Gate, Essex.

Great Eastern Railway. Colchester Main Line, and Aldgate

Tramcar Service. Five Miles from City.
PEREMPTORY SALE.— UNDER an ASSIGN.VIENT to
CREDITORS.
To TRUSTEES, OCCUPYING INVESTORS, and NURSERY
GARDENERS seeking a SOUND INVESTMENT or good
BUSINESS PRE.'UISES. DESIRABLE LONG LEASE-
HOLDS. With Possession.

MESSRS. G. B. HILLIARD and SON are
favoured with instructions from the Trustee under Mr.
Walter Hoy's assignment to SELL by AUCTION, .at The Mart,
Tokenhouse Yard, E.C.. on THURSDAY, August 18, at
2 o'clock, a valuable NURSERY G.4.RDEN, having a frontage
of about 100 feet to the Romford Road, at Forest Gate, in the
pariflh of East Ham, with a depth of about 175 feet. A sub-
stantially-built brick and slated Dwelling-house, containing
eight rooms, bath-room, and domestic offices, conservatory at
side, four glasshouses, all fitted with hot-water pipes, brick
and slated stable, cart shed, and loft over. A good Nursery
Business has been carried on for several years upon these
premises. A very desirable TERRACE of Ten Newly-erected
SIX-ROOMED HOUSES, well built and fitted with front and
back gardens, situate in St. Dunstan's Street, one minute
from the Aldgate Tramcar Service on the Romford Road, and
about eight minutes' walk from the Great Eastern Railway
Station, Forest Gate. Five of these houses are let to respect-
able tenants at 9s. per week. Three are ready for occupation,
and the other two will be finished by the day of Sale.

Particulars and conditions of Sale may be obtained of Messrs.
HUGHES AND GLEADOW, Solicitors, 40, Grncechnreh Street,
B.C., and Lewisham, S.E. ; at The Mart, Tokenhouse Y'ard ;
and of the Auctioneers. Chelmsford.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7458.)

VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
CATTLEYA OASKELLIANA.
ONCIDIUM PAPILIO MAJUS.
ONCIDIUM BICOLOR.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, on THUBSDAY, AUGUST 18, at Half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a quantity of the grand
and free blooming CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA, just arrived
in excellent ordar and condition, with bulbs of unusual size,
and healthy broad distinct looking foliage. Also a splendid
importation of ONCIDIUM PAPILIO MAJUS in the finest
condition. This extremely beautiful and interesting Orchid is
now very scarce in its native habitat. A fine lot of
ONCIDIUM BICOLOR will be offered with large and sound
bulbs : this is a most beautiful Oncidium and very tloriferous,
spikes upright, freely branched, and many of its golden-yellow
nowers produced, which in shape are similar to the showy
Oncidium Rogersi.

The Sale will include : — The scarce and beautiful Stanhopea
Wardii, Oncidium species, probably new, leaves broad and
extra looking; O. Limminghi. O. sarcodes, O. micropogon,
and various other Oncidiums from the Brazils ; Lcelia pur-
purata, the rare and new Cattleya Schroderoi, C. Leopoldi,
C. superba splendens, C. Eldorado splendens. Zygopetalum
Gautieri, Lycaste Harrisonse. and many other choice Orchids.
On view the morning of Sale, and Catalog\ies had.

Dutch Bulbs.— Trade Sales.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his FIRST SALE of DUTCH BULBS this Season will
take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden,
W.C, on MONDAY, August 16, at half-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, and will consist of lots specially suited for the Trade
and other large buyers.
N.B.— The Sales will after this Dale take place every MON-

DAY', WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7457.)
SPECIAL S.ALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, August 17, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, 300 lots of ESTABLISHED and SE.MI-
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, mostly iu Flower and Bud,
including many fine plants and varieties. Also an importation
of ORCHIDS received direct from Mexico.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

London, S.W.— Bare Opportunity.

FOR SALE, in consequence of retirement of
owner, an extremely lucrative and (JM-e-tablished
GENERAL NURSERY BUSINESS. Compact Premises and
Grounds. In main thoroughfare. Long lease, at a moderate

Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., to whom the business is w*ll
known, and who are pleased to recommend it as a really
genuine going concern.

'■pO GARDENERS and OTHERS.— For Sale,

X a Small NURSERY, well slu,k.-,l, ui ^cid repair.
Particulars of J. LAKE, Mrs. FeljiMte, cbun li KohiI, Leyton.

ToFruitGrowers.MarlietGardeners.andSeedFaTmers
' PO BE SOLD, the Beneficial Lease of about
JL 21 acres of GROUND (with immediate possession), which
is well stocked, and under a high state of cultivatiou. There
are all the necessary Farm Implements, and 2 Horses. 11 newly
erected Greenhouses, containing in all about 1570 feet run,
which are well planted with Tomatos, Grape Vines, and Cucum-
bers ; also large Barn, range of Sheds, Stabling, enclosed Yard,
2 semi-detached Cottages, and all necessary Outbuildings.
Price £1000. Situation close to Worthing. Apply to
J. S. HAWKINS. Auctioneer, 359, Liverpool Road, London. N.

To Florists and Seedsmen.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, an Old-established
BUSINESS, in the suburbs of the City of York. Mode-
rate rent. Goodwill and stock at a fair valuation. Good
reasons for present proprietor retiring.

Apply to JOHN HOWARD, Austioneer, 3, New Street,
York.

Florist's Business for Disposal.

TO BE SOLI), in the most prosperous town on
the South Coast, the Stock, Goodwill, Shop Fittings, and
contents of THREE HOUSES. The Garden is full of Flower-
ing Plants, and parties with £200 may commence a lucrative
business. There is no jobbing at present, but there is no better
opening in England for a good Jobbing Gardener.

Write in first instance to A. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

FOR SALE, in consequence of Mr. Imrie's
death, the old-established and well-known NURSERY
BUSINESS so successfully carried on for upwards of sixty
years at Ayr. The Grounds extend to about 40 Acres, adjoin-
ing the Railway Station, and are well stocked with saleable
Trees and Shrubs. Further particulars on application to
IMRIE AXD COMPANY. The Nurseries. Ayr, N.B.

FOR SALE, very cheap, a large CONSER-
VATORY, about 23 feet and 15 feet, in capital condition,
fitted with Tank, Hot-water Pipes, &c., and Stocked with
Palms, Exotic Ferns, and a few Orchids in fine growth for
immediate removal.

Apply to CRABB AND SON, 38 and 40, Tulse Hill, S.W.

UST BE SOLD, Four V-shaped GREEN-

HOUSES. 60 feet by 13 feet ; LEAN-TO I'INERY, 80 feet
by 14 feet. To be seen at " Packet Boat" Inn, Cowley Peachey,
near Uxbridge, Middlesex. Two sample houses fixed and in

H. R. A., 25, ehilworth Street, Pnitdington, W.

To Florists, &c.

TO BE LET or SOLD, on Bexley Heath,
8 new GREENHOUSES, 200 by 12 and 15 feet, now-
planted with Tomatos. Room to erect more. Apjily,

W. G. BAILEY, Florist, The Nurseries. Bexley, Kent.

TO LET, BELGRAVE NURSERIES,
Leicester, containing 9 large Houses and 1 Pit, averag-
ing 57 feet, each with ample wat*r-heating powers. Can be
entered on October 6. Rent low. Stock luid fixtures optional.
Apply, R. S. HOBSON. Belgrave.

TO LET, WING NUKSEKY, Oakham,
Manton Junction, M.R. 3000 feet of Glass, and about
IJ acre of Fruit Trees, &c. Immediate possession. Rent from
Alichaelmas.

JOHN W. BURTON, Haymarket. Leicester.

TO BE LET, a Small NURSERY, in the
North of London. 8 Glasshouses. Pits, &c., heated
with Hot- water ; Potting Shed, and Ground. Good Local Trade
done. Rent £30 per annum to a good tenant, or Lease for
21 years would be sold. Apply by letter, to the Agent of the
PEAT ASSOCIATION, 10. Cullum Street, E.C.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

TO LET, at Michaelmas next, about 13^ acres
of LAND, at Plaistow, situated in tli.- Prince Regent's
Lane, and close to the Barking Road. For particulars apply to
Messrs, CLUTTON, 9, Whitehall Place, S.W.

''pO FRUIT PURCHASERS. — For SALE,

-L about 600 Bushels of FRUIT— APPLES and PEARS.
Apply to GAKDENEE, Orchard Dene, Ealing, Middleeei.

LAXTON'S "NOBLE" STRAWBERRY.—
The onlif Fruit n-kich received a First-class Certificate
from the Roya^ Horticultural Society in the year ending June,
1887, and the only Fruit Certificated at the Society's great
Liverpool Show, July, 1886. This wonderfully large, handsome,
and prolific early Strawberry, of first quality, made the highest
wholesale price in Covent Garden Market during the past three
seasons. Sir. J. Muir, after trying and forcing it, says, " In
my opinion the most extraordinary and valuable Strawberry in
cultivation." Particular&of this and " Laxtou's Jubilee, "afine
new late variety; see previous issue of this Paper — also free
on application. Coloured plate of " Noble," 6(f., from

THOMAS LAXTON, Seed and Novelty Grower, Bedford.

Qf\ (\{\f\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^V/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 245. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^inf h pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

JiaVP ^^"^ ^•''^n or ever expect

|i '^ _" ' ^'^' ^-^r

CYCLAMEN BULBS,

Averaging 1 to 2 inches over, just start-
ing and ready for potting, 48. per dozen,
30s. per 100. Will make fine specimens.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWERS, SWANLEY. KENT.

r^UTBUSH'S MILL-

\J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or <6d. per
take ; free by parcel post. Is.

Is one genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignatureattached,

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
M ri'Iiants. Hit?h«ate Nurseries, N.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

and all other Bulbs for earliest forcing.
CATALOGUE (Xo.Z^Z) POST-FBEE.

"James Dickson & Sons"

108 E-\STUATE ST. 1 „„„„„„„
'NEWTOW NUESERIES)^*^'^"'^^'

HORTICULTURAL SOILS. MANURES,
SUNDRrES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of everv Hortioultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a, Queen Victoria
Street, E.G., near Mansion House Station. Dep6t : Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegrams—" FLoaicirLTUBE. London." Established 1854.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Tw

Mi:

Quality, THE BEST In tlie Market. (All sacks inc

PEAT, best brown librous ... f>s. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. 6rf.

PEAT, best black tibrous ... 4s. ^. ,. 5 sacks tor 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 6s. 6d. ,, 6 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... \

PREPARED COMPOST, best (Is. per bush., 3s. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, beat only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD, „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 94. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... id: lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) 8<f. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, fineat Milltrack ... 53. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PERFE(3T"FER-') In h,ag3.

TILISER, the Best Food for ( . ' ,

aU kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 56Ib. 1 cwt.
Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...} 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIRGINCORK, best quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-

HOUTICULTUBAl CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. M. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chnbb's special process),
sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 s.icks. 17s. ;
30 sacks, 2,'Js. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Tnick-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of (5.. special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWAIX, LONDON, E.

AtronsT 13, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CEB'ONIGLE.

183

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(EstabUshed 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF j^

GARDENING,

NOTICES OF ALL HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST,

EEPORTS of EXHIBITIONS, REVIEWS of BOOKS, and
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

Original lUustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds,

may be named : —

ALPINE PLAKTS:-

BACKHOUSE, J.

HALL, J.. F.R.S.

CHUKCHLLL, G. C. Clifton, Bristol.

CORREVON. H., Geneva.

DEWAK, D., Kew.

AMATEUR GARDENING ;-

BADGER, E. W.

BOYLE, Hon, Mra. E. V. B.

" S. BRIGID."

BRIGHT, the late H. A. ( ■' Notes

from a Lancashire Ganleii"),
CLARKE, CoL Trevor.
EWBANK, Rev. H., Ryile.
LOWNE, B. T.
OWEN, Miss, Kno<?kmullen.
PHILBRICK, Q.C.

ARBORETUM ■■—

BARRON, W., Borrowa-sh.
LAVALLEE, Alphon-e, the late.
NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Boyal Gar-
dens, Kew.
SARGENT, Prof.. Boston, U.S.A.
WEBSTER, A. D.
YOUNG, Maurice.

BEE-KEEPING :-

CHEMISTRY :-

CHURCH, Prof., Kew.
UEHERAIN, Prof., Paris.
DYER, Bernard.
GILBERT. Prof., Rothamsted.
LAWES, Sir J., Rothamsted.
WARINGTON, R., Rothamsted.
WILLIS, J. J.

DISEASES OF PLANTS :-

ARTHUR. Prof., New York.
BASTIAN, Dr. Charlton, F.R.S.
BEIJERINCK, Prof., Wageningen.
BERKELEY, Rev. M. J., F.R.S.
COBBOLD, T. S., F.R.S., the late.
COOKE, Dr. M. C.
MURRAY, G.. British Museum.
PAGET, Sir .Tames, F.R.S.
PHILIPPS, W.

PLOWRIGHT, C. B., (Funoi).
SXUTH. W. G.
SORAUER, Prof.. Proskau.
WARD, Prof. Marshall, School of

Royal Gardens, Kew.

BAKER, J,

DRUERY,

HKMSLEY', A.

MOORE, T., Botanic Garde

RISTS' FLOWERS :—

DEAN, R„ Ealing,
DODWELL, E. S., Oxford.
D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H.
DOUGLAS, J., nford.
DOWNIE, J., Edinburgh.
HORNER, Rev. F. D.
MOLYNEUX, E.
PAUL, G.. Paisley.
^UKNER, C, the late.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :-

A^'DRE, E., Paris.
ANTOINE, F., the late, Vienna.
BENNET, H., M.D., Mentone.
BERGMAN, E., FerriSres.
BONAVIA, C, Lucknow.
CABUEL, Prof., Florence.
CASPARY, Prof., Koenigsberg.
DE MAR, J. A., Boston, U.S.A.
DRUDE, Prof., Dresden.
DUCHARTBE, Prof., Paris.
EICHLER, Prof., Director, Imperial

Botanic Gardens, Berlin.
FENZI, Cav. E., Florence.
HA^raURY, T., Mentone.
HENRIQUEZ, Prof., Ooimbra.
JOLY, C, Paris.
KOLB, Max. Munich.
KBELAGE, E. H., Haarlem.
LANGE, Prof., Copenhagen.
MEEHAN, T., Philadelphia.
MONTEIRO, Chev., Lisbon.
MORREN, the late Prof., Liege.

OLI\T:mA, J. D.', Oporto.
OLIVER, Captain S. P., Madagas
PLANCHON, Prof., MontpeUier.

RODIGAS, E.. Ghent.
SURINGAE, Prof., Leydeu.
TROUBETZKOI, Prince (Eucalyptus).
VILMOBIN, H. de, Paris.
WITTMAOK, Dr., Berlin.
WOLKENSTEIN, St. Petersburg.

FORESTRY :-

BRACE, C. J., France.
FRANCE, C. S., Aberdeen.
MICHIE, C. Y., CuUen, Aberdeen.
WEBSTER, A. D., Carnarvonshire.

FRUIT CULTURE :-

BARRON, A. F., Chiswick.
BLACK3I0RE. R. D.
BUNY.ARD, G., Maidstone, Kent.
CHEAL, J., Crawley, Sussex.
KIVERS, T. F.
WARD, E., Hewell Grange.

GARDEN BOTANY:—

BAKER, J. G., F.R.S.

BALFOUR. Prof., Oxford.

B^LL, 3., F.R.S.

BENTHAM, the late G., F.R.S.

BROWN, N. E., Herbarium, Kew.

BURBIDGE, F. W.. Botanic Gardens,

Dublin.
CLARKE, Col. Trevor.
CLARKE, C. B., F.R.S.
COOKE, Dr. (Fungi).
CORNU, Prof. Max, Paris.
DECAISNE, the late Prof., Paris.
DE CANDOLLE, A., Geneva.
DYER, W. T. T., Director, Boyal

Gardens, Kew.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J. (Lilies). [f«rs).

ENGELMANN, the late Dr. G. (Coni-
FRANCHET, Paris.
GRAY, Prof. Asa, Boston, U.S.A.
HEMSLEY, W. B., Kew,
HOOKER, Sir J. D., K.C.S.I., late

Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
JACKSON, Mu-eum, Royal Gardens,

Kew (Econnmic Botany).
LEICHTLIN, Max. Baden-Baden.
MAW, G. (Oocus). [Gardens, Kew.
MORRIS, D., Assistant Director, Boyal

GARDEN BOTANY :-

NAUDIN. C, Antibes.
OLIVER, Prof., F.R.S.
RIDLEY, H., British Museum.
ROLFE, Royal Gardens, Kew.
SMITH, W. G. (Fungi).
STEIN, Breslau Gardens.
STRICKLAND, Sir C.
TODARO, Baron, Palermo.
WATSON, Sereno, Boston, U.S.A.

GARDEN INSECTS :-

MACLACHLAN, R., F.R.S., Pres. Ent.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS :-

BABR, P., Covent Ganl.-n.
CREWE. Rev. H. Harpur, the late.
DOD, Rev. C. W.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J., Cirencester.
HARTLAND. Bavlor. Cork.
PERRY, Tottenham.
POTTER. W., York.
WILSON, G. F., F.R.S.

INDIA AND THE COLONIES :—

ABLAM. H., Natal.

BANCROFT, G,, M.D,, Queensland.

BENNETT, G., M.D., Sydney.

BONAVIA. Dr., N. W. P., India.

COOPER. Sir Dan,, Bart., Sydney.

DUTHIE, J. F., Saharunpore.

HART, J., Jamaica.

IM THURN, Everard. British Guiana.

KING, Dr., Director, Royal Botanic

Gardens, Calcutta.
MACOWAN, Prof., Cape Town
MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. V.,

Melbourne.
MURTON. H. J., Siam.
PRESTO, H., Trinidad.
SCHOMBURGK, Dr., Adelaide.
SMITH, T., New Zealand.
SYME, 6., Jamaica.
TRIMEN, H., Ceylon.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING :-

ANDRE, E„ Paris.
BOSCAWEN, Hon. and Rev. J. T.
BURVENICH, F„ Ghent.
JACKMAN, J., Woking.

JULIAN, G. Richards.

ANDERSON, J., Meadowbank.
BACKHOUSE, I., York.
BRADSHAW, A., Waddesdon Gardens.
BULL, W.
BULLEN, R., Botanic Gardens,

Glasgow.
BUYSSON. M. Le Comte.
CRAWSHAY, De B.
LAWRENCE, Sir Trevor, Bart., M.P.,

President, Royal Horticultural Soc.
LEE, W., Downside.
LINDEN, Lucien, Ghent.
O'BRIEN, James.
PFITZER, Prof., Heidelberg.
REICHENBACH, Prof.. Hamburgh.
RIDLEY, H. N., British Muteam.
SANDER, F.
SMEE, A. H.

SWA>-, W., Howick House, Preston.
VEITCH, H.
WILLIAMS, B. S.
WOOLFOED, 0., Downside.

PRACTICAL GARDENING :-

ATKINS, J.

AUSTEN, J., Witley Court Gardens.

BAILLIE, W. M., Luton Hoo Gardens.

BAINES, T.

BAKER, G. [Oxford.

BAXTER, W. H., Botanic Gardens,

BLAIR, T., Shrubland Gardens.

CARJnCH AEL, A. M., Henley in Arden.

CHALLIS, T.

CHRISTLE, A„ Warwick Castle.

COLEiMAN, W., Eastnor Castle

COOJtBER, J., The Heudre.
COOMBER, W., Regent's Park.
CROSSLING, R., St. Pagan's Castle

Gardens.
CUL-VERWELL. W., Thorpe Perrow.
DEAN, A. (Potatos, &c.).
DEWAR, D., Royal Gardens, Kew.
DOUGLAS, J., Great Qearies, nford.
DUNN, M.. Dalkeith.
EARLEY, W., Ilford.
EVANS. A., Lythe Hill Gardens.
FINDLAY, B., Manchester.
FISH, D. T., Hardwicke Gardens.
FOWLER, A., Castle Kennedy
FRASER, J., Kew. [Gardens.

GIBSON, W. M. (Town Gardening).
GRIEVE, P., Bury St. Edmunds.
HARRIS, G., Alnwick Ca.stle.
HEMSLEY, A. (Market Plants).
HUDSON, J. (Stove Plants).
INGRAM, W., Belvoir Gardens.
LYNCH. E. J., Botanic Gardens,

Cambridge.
MiOlNDOE, J., Hutton Hall.
MELVILLE, D., Dunrobin Gardens.
MILES, G. T., Wycombe Abbey

Gardens.
MILLER, W., Coombe Abbey.
MOORE, F. W., Glasnevin Botanic
O'BRIEN, T. [Garden.

RICHARDS, G. H., Somerley Gardens
ROBERTS, J., Gunnersbury.
RUST, J., Bridge Castle.
SAUL, M., York.

SHEPPARD, J., Wolverston Gardens.
SMITH, J., Meutmore Gardens.
SMYTHE, W., Basing Park.
TEMPLE, M„ Carron House, N.B.
THOMAS, O., Chatsworth Gardens.
THOMSON, W., Cloveaford (Vinas). _
WALLIS, J., Keele Gardens.
WARD, E., HewellGrange, Bromsgrove.
WARD, H. W., Longford Castle

Gardens.
WATSON, W., Royal Gardens, Kew.
WEBSTER, J., Gordon Castle Gardens.
WILDSMITH, W., Hecklield Gardens.
WILSON, D.
WILSON, 6. F. (Lilies).

BENNETT. H.

D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H.

FISH, D. T., Hardwick, Bury St.

FISHER, Rev. O. [Edmunds.

GIRDLESTON, I. W.

PAUL, G., Cheshunt.

PAUL, W., Waltham Cross.

VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY ;-

BENNETT, A. W.
BOULGER, Prof.
DARWIN, Charles, the late.
FOSTER, Prof. Michael.
GARDINER, W,, Cambrid.Te.
GLAISHER, James (MeteftolOKV.)
HENSLt)W, Rev. O.

184

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 13, 1887.

SEEDLING PLANTS

OF CHOICE

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE
in offering the following, in strong, healthy, traDS-
plauted young stuff, from our superb strains.
Free by Post at prices quoted.

Per dozen. — s. d.
Auriculas, alpine. Very choice, strong young

phii t9 for blooming next season 2 6

Calceolarias, herbaceous. Splendid strain ... 2 6
Carnations and Picotees. From choicest named

llowers per 100, 10.5. 6rf. 1 6

.. \eIIow varieties 3 6

Cinerarias. Large flowered, very fine,

per 100, lO.t. G'i. 1 6

HoUyllOCkS. Choicest double o f>

Primulas, Alba magnifica. Splendid pure white 3 6
,, Crimson King. Deep crimson magnificent

colour 3 b

„ Queen of Whites. Very fine 3 b

„ Purpurea magnifica. Superb variety 3 6
„ The Bride. New dark-stemmed p ire wli te

splendid 3 6

„ Choicest red, white, or mixed

per lOO lOi brf 1 b

,, Fern-leaved. Choice mixed 10s Sd I b

Primroses. High coloured hybrids very choice

strain per 100 10a brf 1 6

Polyanthus, gold-laced. Fine „ 7s. 6rf. i o

Primulas, double, pure white. Splendid tor furnish-
ing imabundanci-u! cut flowers throughout the autumn
and winter. Well-rooted strong young plants, from
3-inch pots, per 100, 42s.; perdoz., 6s.; three for Is. 9d.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,
NORWICH.

JERSEY

FRUIT

CarriaRe Paul.

TREES.

Write for Illustratrd

CntalOKiiOs to JO

■ilir.A I,E CnKNII

AND SON, Hitth View

NurHeri.>». wlio

Mil -rriil, iMrnaK.-

paid for cash with onie

, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 21s.

Early order

secure extra strrjii

• pkuita.

STRAWBERRIES.

CHARLES TURNER'S
NEW AND DESCRIPTIVE LIST

applicati

THE

SLOUGH.

16,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LE.IBINO VARrETIES,

Fijae planta, in 5^ and 6-inch pots. 12s., lbs., and 185. per dozen,

according to size.

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by

any in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on

application. p^;^,^ j^ ^^^ ,j_.^^^ ^^ application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICTTLTURAL CO.

(JOHX COWAN), Ll.MlTED,

THE VrfTEYARD and NUBSERIES, GAKSTON,

NEAK UVERPOOL.

4iiN^

APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS,

CHERRIES,
APRICOTS, PEACHES,

And other FRUIT TREES,

in full hmrmj.
Now is the time to select.

I N HP E CT I ON INVITED.
LISTS Post-free.

DUTCH FLO^^VER ROOTS

JAMES VEifcf & SONS

lie;/ to announce that their

BULB CATALOGUE FOR 1887

Is now ready, and may be had Gratis and Post-free on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenliouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., - ,.i,-.iru. (^t on nur improved plan, are the

perfection of gru\\iiij:; Im>h.si.-h, iiml fur pr^ictn :il utility, rruiiomy. and dur;iLiility cLiniiut be eiiu^illed. We only do One class of work,
and that THE very best.

ConserTatOZies and Winter Gardens d.-^i^'upd iinhitecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the hir^esf. Hot- water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c.^ always in stock.

PlaJis, Estimates and C'</'

MODERATE CHARGES.

free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.
Our Maxim is and always has been —

FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

WINE

GROWERS

AGENTS.

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

Old-established Wine and Spirit Merchants.

GOOD DINNEE CLAEETS from 12s. 6d. per dozen.

SOLE AGENTS FOB

GEVENCEY CHAMPAGNE (Spt^ciaUt^), 30s. per dozen.

99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.C.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS !■ i HEATING ENGINEERS.

O r GBEENHOffiES and HEAT-
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August 13, 1887.1

THE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE.

185

Carters' Seeds

PRESENT SOWING.

CABBAGE— Carters' Early Heartwell.

Pronounced to be the finest early Cabbage in cultiva-
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In sealed packets only— Per pkt.. Is. & &d. ; per oz., Is. Gd.
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GABBACE— Carters' Mammoth Beefheart.

The best Main-crop Garden Cahbat;.. in cultivation;
very large firm beads of exquisite lluvour, very few
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LEHUCE.

Price, per pkt.. post free.

CAKTERS' GI.AXT WHITE COS 6rf. & 1 0

Dl'NXETTS GIANT WDs'TEK COS 6ii. & 1 0

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VEGETABLE SEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING

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ONION—

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THE

darters^ OjhrMkk,

SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1887,

THE DROUGHT — A RETRO-
SPECT.

TN gardening there are griefs as well as joys,
-»- and in the hour when plants long cherished,
sacred as old friends, are torn and broken by the
storm, killed to the ground by a winter's "frost
too great to bear and live, eaten to the core by
a " worm i' the bud," or struck to death by a
burning sun, we wonder does the joy outweigh
the pain ? We know it does when joy re inns
but till then the heart is troubled by its doubt-
ing— that mist which dims Nature's clearest
silvered mirror.

June! The very word speaks of verdure,
dewy freshness, and cool shade ; but to-day these
words are as a dream. The close shorn grass has
not a blade erect — it is flat, and bro^™, and bare.
No longer in the morning are the Daisy heads
shorn off, nor the lawn invite one forth in all
its velvet green, so soft and springing to the
tread. Now it is hot and hard beneath the feet
and wearies with each step. In the pasture no
longer are there blossoms beneath the ripened
grass. The pink Clover has scorched and
withered heads. Gone are the Buttercups. All
is brown as the stretch of wet sea sand beyond
from which the tide has just receded.

In the garden there is woe. All plants not deeply
rooted are fainting in the sun ; poor, hopeless,
hanging leaves, that tell their thirst in vain.
Where so lately the Pansies were of glowing
purple, are now brown leaves baked crisp by the
sun. The summer Forget-rae-Not, that beautiful
cool patch of blue, dropped as if from the skies
is of a faded grey, with poor, dim green leaves.
The white Martagon Lily has lost its stately
port ; the blossoms are huddled together in a
disappointed mood. One can perceive now which
are the sun-worshippers among the flowers. The
.Japan Roses (Rosa rugosa) were never in greater
Ijeauty. The masses of large crimson blossoms
with already bunches of pale green berries among
the dark glistening foliage, are very striking,
while of the light variety, the pure milky
blossoms gleaming among the shining leaves

186

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[August 13, 1887.

give a refreshing sense of coolness. Both the
crimson and white will go on producing blossoms
and berries until the last days of autumn, when
the trees are lit up with a sunset glow of golden
leaves. Severe pruning in the month of February,
of the previous year's shoots, promotes exuberant
growth.

The Snow tree, Chionanthus virginica looks
most remarkable in the midst of its hot and
dry surroundings. It is 6 feet high, and covered
with bloom. In the sunshine the long branches
look actually laden as with dazzling snow, so
compact is the flowering mass. During the
winter storms this shrub was nearly uprooted
by the weight of its tallest branches, but I waited
to cut them until they were in blossom, and I
have my reward, for the tall snowy branches have
brought their coolness and fragrance within doors
as they stand to-day in an earthen jar. After
blossom, this shrub makes its growth for next
year's bloom, and these young shoots need con-
stant pinching to form a shapely bush.

The feather Hyacinth seems to revel in the
sunshine. It is much finer than usual, the great
purple plumes being 6 inches in thickness.
Grown in good masses beside the silvery St.
Bruno's Lily, the effect is beautiful. Gaillardias
appear indifferent as to moisture, at least they
are blossoming freely without it, tossing their
long arms wildly about.

Juh) .30.— Still the long drought continues.
Though a few showers have darkened the earth
and wetted the leaves from time to time, yet no
moisture has reached the roots of the suffering
plants. The Strawberries are burnt up, not a
single berry having been gathered from the beds.
The Figs have all dropped off a well-fruited tree.
Apples are falling in quantity, and brown Chest-
nut leaves cover the sod from which the grass
has disappeared in the little wood.

Never during summer time were flowers so
scarce in the garden as at present ; they come
and hurry away as fast as possible from such
unexpected heat and thirst. There is no growth
among the plants— no advance toward com-
panionship and mingling of their blossoms, but —

" Weep no more— ah ! woep no more !
The fiower-buds sleep in the root's white core."

If this baking drought robs us of the wealth of
summer bloom and autumn riches, it may perhaps
lay up a fuller store for the springtide in the
well-ripened bulbs. X. A. L.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CIRRHOPETALUM STRAGULARIUM, n. sp*
A CLOSE neighbour of Cirrhopetalum Thouarsii . It
appears to be very distinct in its cohering broader
lateral sepals, in its cun-ed petals, covered inside at
their tops with a few rows of very conspicuous shining
warts, and in the much narrower lip. I have at hand
a three-flowered inflorescence. The stalked ovaries
are yellowish, full of deep brown lines. Median sepal
elliptical, cucuUate, purple at the top. covered with
innumerable minute purple spots, with a shorter
apicilar bristle than that of Cirrhopetalum
Thouarsii. Side sepals cohering from antebasilar
part, sulphur coloured, with numerous square or
hieroglyphical purple blotches, with small purple
spots at the base. Petals broader than in Cirr-

* Cirrhopetalum stragularium, n. sp. — Affine Cirrhopetalo
Thouarsii, Liodl. 1 Sepalo imparl elliptico fornicato aplee uni-
seto; Bepalis lat«ralibu9 oblongo ligulatla contiguis; tepalis
oiirvia ciliiitis latiusculia apice obtuse acutis.intpme verrucosis,
labello basi hastato linear! liguUto conroluto hinc ambitum
teret-em aimulante; column» setis basi et ante basin angulato
dentatifl. Bulbopbyllum etragularium. Eic. eic. W. Bull.
/;. G. Rchb f.

hopetalum ''Thouarsii,! blunt, acute, with numerous
bristles at th e border, with the above-mentioned warts,
which are usually impressed at the top, yellowish,
brownish-purple at the apex, full of purple spots all
remaining part. Lip curved, with two divaricate
angles near the base, convolute, so as to appear partly
terete, very dark from numerous dark purplish-black
spots, microscopically velutinous at the base. Column
whitish (not spotted as in Cirrhopetalum Thouarsii),
with bristles, which have one angle at the base, and one
in front of it. The name is derived from the sepals
looking like certain Turkish carpets. It was kindly
sent me by Mr. W. Bull, whose No. 1005 it is. H. G.
Bckh.f.

ODONTOGLOisuM Pescatorei stupendum, «. var.

Profound wis my impression, when an uncommonly
large flower ota very fine new varietv peeped out of
the dry moss. *' It may have been produced from a
very few flovered individual," I thought, struck by
its gi-andeur, and when I had it free from the moss
I saw that it 'orraed a small part of a wide panicle,
just so mud as to give full evidence of a great
inflorescence.

Dorsal sepil with a bright mauve-purple disc.
Lateral sepal of the same colour on the outer halves,
inner halves vhite. Petalssnow-white.withafewdark
mauve spots, none of which is larger than a seed of
the Potato, iip with the usual yellow calli. Borders
of the side hcinia^ and of the anterior blade full of
such broken ihort mauve lines as are seen in Helcia
sanguinolent.' and in Odontoglossum Harryannum.
Column whit, orange at the anterior base, and then
with some dak mauve paint.

I have beei most agreeably surprised by the receipt
of this beaut; through Mr. W. Bull. H. G. Hchb.f.

Mammill-ria cornimamma, N. E. Br., n. sp*
This is oie of those handsome large flowered
species belot^ing to the same group as M. sulco-
lanata, and w ich is well characterised by the presence
of a groove own the upper face of the mamma; or
tubercles, h in the other members of the group,
this groove i; not developed in the earlier stages of
the plant, th' mammae towards the base of the plant
being withot the groove. The plant has just
flowered at ,vew, and as I have been unable to
identify it wth any described species I venture to
publish it asiew.

POGONIA PULCHELLA.

At p. r>70 f the issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle
for May 21 was mentioned that Pogonia Fordii
was in floweiat Kew, and a short description of the
plant was gi\n. It was also stated that the species
was figured i the Botanical Maga::hie, t. 6851, under
the name of . pulchella. There seems to have been
a little confiion, probably owing to transposition of
labels in th living plants in regard to these two
species. Te plant alluded to in the Gardeiiers^
Chronicle, ai figured in the Botanical Magazine,
was P. puhella, and rightly so named in the
Botanical Mcazine.

The tubersent to Kew which produced the plants
from which te illustration was made, were collected
in Hong Kor, and sent to Kew, I believe, in the

* MammilUm comimamma,N. E.Br..n. sp.— Stems ubglo-
bose, about ajchesin diameter inthe plant seen, of a slightly
greyish-green Jour, with the axila and areolae of the younger
mammEe dense white, woolly. Mammae large, projecting about
i inch, about ^ch broad at the base, transversely rhomboidal,
conical, groovedown the upper face. Exterior apiues 10—13,
radiately spre.ing, J inch long, rather stout and rigid,
straight, ashy hite, with dark brown tips, the 4—6 upper-
most ones morslender, and more crowded than the others ;
interior 9pines-3, stouter and longer than the outer spines,
dark brown, burning pale at the base, the lower one (which
is sometimes t only interior one developed), J— J inch loag.
recurving oufards and downwards, the upper erect or
slightly direct to one side, a little curved : in the younger
stages of the \nt none of the interior spines are developed.
Flowers 3 incs in expanse, with lineai^lanceolate, acute,
entire segmts, the inner ones Jt 'uch broad; light
yellow, with purplish median stripe down the back of all
but the inneDSt segments, on the outer ones the stripe
occupies near the whole width of the segment. Stamens
very numerouthe filaments yellow, tinted with orange-red ;
anthers brighyellow. Stigmas seven in the plant seen, pale
sulphur-yello Country unknown. JV. E. Brown.

same consignment as tubers of P. Fordii, collected
in the Lo fan Mountains, were included,

P. Fordii is a very different plant ; it was described
a little while before P. pulchella in the Journal of
Botany, p. 247, vol. xxiii. It has green leaves, a
little larger than those of P. pulchella, and it is not
nearly such a pretty plant as the latter. P. Fordii
was discovered in the Lo fau Mountains in the
Canton province, and it is not known from elsewhere.
Charles Ford, Botanic Gardens, Hong Kong, .June 22.

OLEARIA TRAVERSII.*

In the enormous natural order Compositie there are
comparatively few species which can fairly be classed
as trees; in the whole of Australia and Tasmania
perhaps the only ones which attain the height of
the species here figured (fig. 42), are the Musk tree,
O. argophylla, and Senecio Fosteri. The plant was
first described by Mueller as Eurybia Traversii, but
the genus Eurybia having been merged into Olearia
the name Olearia Traversii is now the correct one.
It is stated to reach a height of 30 or 35 feet, and is
described as a very beautiful, not viscid, tree, with a
stem sometimes 4 inches in girth, but almost always
hollow — a characteristic it possesses in common with
O. argophylla. By the colonists it is known as
Bastard Sandal-wood tree, and by the natives as
AJce-Ake. The shortly-stalked, large, flat, opposite
leaves are more or less lanceolate-ovate in outline,
quite entire, smooth and shining above, and pale
silky beneath. According to Bentham and Hooker,
there are about eighty-five species of Olearia, sixty-
three of which are Australian, and twenty-two from
New Zealand. 0. Traversii is a handsome ever-
green, with somewhat inconspicuous flowers, and is
no doubt hardy in many places in the South and
South-west of Britain as well as in Ireland from
whence we received it.

REMARKS ON THE FRUIT

CROPS, 1887.

[For Tabulated Sunniiary, see p. 158.]

SCOTLAND.

Banffshire. — All stone fruit, both on walls and
standards, flowered profusely and set their fruit
freely. Many of the Plums which had heavy crops
last year dropped off after getting the size of Plumlets ;
especially is this the case in Victorias and Shropshire
Damsons, and one or two other sorts. Apricots and
Peaches set in great profusion, and from the last
three or four weeks of exceptional fine weather fruit
is forward for the period. Apples and Pears are
both a light crop ; the trees are a good deal blighted
upon the former, blossom seemed weak and set
imperfectly. Bush fruit, which is heavily cropped,
is small, owing to the drought, every month this
year being under average as regards rainfall. John
Webster. Gordon Cattle Gardens,

Aberdeenshire. — Fruit trees of all sorts had an
extra abundant blossom, but suffered severely from
the frosty nights of April and May. Victoria Plums
are a good crop, but all other sorts are poor.
Cherries are a large crop. Pears very thin. Apples,
with the exception of a few young trees on walls,
are also a crop. Small fruits are good except black
Currants, which in some cases are thin and fruit
small. Early Strawberries are plentiful, late sorts
have suffered from drought, and are to be a poor
crop. John Forrest, Haddo House, Aberdeen.

Forfar. — The summer of last year was cold but
much drier than usual ; all wood was well ripened
and no second growth, which has told favourably on
the fruit crop of this season. We have had more
sunshine than I ever remember to have seen in one
season in Scotland, and crops are looking well in
gardens, except where the soil is shallow or sandy.
Jas. Mitchell, Fanmure Gardens, Carnoustie.

East Lothian. — Owing to the dry season and the

* Hook, fil.. in Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, p.
731 ; Eurybia Traversii, F. Mueller, in The Vegetatum of the
Chatham /stands, p. 19.

August 13, 1887.]

THE GAEDENERS' CHBONIGLE.

187

scorching heat fruit of all sorts are under size in
this neighbourhood. Strawberries would have been
an extraordinary crop if they had got rain ;
Vicomtesse H. de Thury and Duke of Edinburgh
were our best sorts. Pears are looking better
than I ever saw them about here. Apricots are
a very heavy crop, and clean. Apples are not
to be so plentiful as they promised, but we will
have a fair average crop. L. Dom, Ncwhi/th, Prcs-
tonkirk,

Midlothian. — The season has been very much

fruits suffered a little from the drought, but since
the rain came they have done well, and are now of a
fair size and excellent quality. Fruit trees have
been comparatively free from blight or iosects, and
the fruit is clean and shapely. There is ever}' pros-
pect of one of the best fruit harvests that we have
had for many years. Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith
Gardens.

DtJMFEiESSHiKE. — Very heavy crop of Strawberries
and all other small fruits, and very fine quality. No
Peaches or Nectarines, or Apricots, grown out-of-

FlG, 42. — OLEARIA TRAVKRSH : HAEDY laOWERING SHRUB. (sEE P. 186.)

drier than the average, the rainfall for the first six
months of the year being only about 3 inches. Since
the 1st of this month (July) there have been several
rainy days, a.nd the fiiU is nearly 2 inches, which,
with warm, genial weather, has been very beneficial
to the crops, and they are now looking finer than
they have done at the same season for many years.
The fruit escaped damage from spring frost, and
generally set heavy crops. The excessive heat and
drought of June thinned the fruit considerably, but
most kinds are still carrying excellent crops of fine
fruit, the size and quality of which is generally
much above the average. Strawberries and small

doors. Plums will be good in quality as they are
already large, and trees clean. Apples better than
usual here. Pears very poor quality. W. Priest,
Eglinton Gardens, Irnne.

WiGTONSHiRE. — We had a late dry spring, with
more than the usual amount of sunshine, and almost
no late frosts ; consequently fruit trees and bushes
had a good start, securing an abundant set of
most sorts of fruit. May showers and an almost
tropical June justify the expectation of one of
the most abundant fruit crops we have had in this
district for many years. A. Fowler, Casth Kennedy
Crardem.

ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COUNTIES.

Northumberland. — Apricots are a heavy crop, and
fine. Plums scarce. Cherries as usual : May Duke
is heavily cropped. Peaches are largely grown here
outside ; average crop ; trees very healthy. The
strong growing varieties are of little use here ; we
cannot get them to set their crops. The earlier
varieties, which ripen fruit before the end of Sep-
tember, are the most valuable ; after that date
Peaches have not much flavour here, although we
find Prince of Wales useful for three weeks in
October: Sea Eagle promises well. Nectarines are
not much grown outside. Pine-apple Nectarine is
the best. Apples, speaking generally, are a light
crop, but the Codlins, Lord Suffield and some others,
are good. Of Pears, many trees on walls have heavy
crops. Small fruits are plentiful and fine. Straw-
berries wliere watered were a splendid crop. J. Harris^
Alnurick Gardens.

Never did a season open with better pros-
pects for a heavy crop of fruit, the trees being com-
pletely covered with blossom ; but the cold winds we
had when they were in flower, and the continued
dry weather of late, has told heavily on them, and
great numbers of Apples and Pears have dropped.
Peaches are fine. Apricots are abundant, the trees
being literally covered. Our best Strawberry this
year is Sir Joseph Paxton, being of splendid size and
fine flavour. Elton Pine is fine now, doing well on
our soil, which is rather heavy. D. Inglii, Howick
Hall, Lcsbury,

Durham. — Apricots and Plums are a small crop
outside. Cherries are a good average crop of clean
healthy fruit, and Morellos doing well on pyramids,
and producing much finer fruit than those from the
walls. Peaches and Nectarines were all killed a few
years ago, and have not been replaced. Apples are
a fine even crop over all our orchard, and the well
known free bearers carrying heavy crops. Pears are
good on walls, but standards are thin. Small
fruits are an abundant crop; Strawberries plentiful,
but small, owing to the dry weather. J. Hunter,
Lamhton Castle, Fence Houses.

^ I do not remember a better general crop

than the present; the blooming period was greatly
retarded by the long cold dark spring, which was
extended beyond the usual time when the visita-
tions of spring frosts usually take place. Aphis
and grub are making general inroads bolh on fruit
and vegetables, and with the former it is remarkable
the attack is not more severe, considering the long
drought and heavy crops, which, I am of opinion,
will be remarkable rather for quantity than quality.
B. Westcott, Hohy Castle, Darlington.

Yorkshire. — The fruit crop is not so heavy in this
district as it promised to be at the flowering stage.
The following kinds of Apples and Pears are carrying
heavy crops: — Cox's Orange Pippin, Devonshire
Quarrenden, Duke of Devonshire, King of the
Pippins, Mannington Pearmain, Pine-apple Russet,
Ribston Pippin, Sturmer Pippin, Syke House
Russet, Alfriston, Blenheim Pippin, Cox's Pomona,
Dumelow's Seedling, Ecklinville Pippin, Keswick
Codlin, Lord Suffield, Northern Greening, Stirling
Castle, Tower of Glammis. Williams' Bon Chretien.
Souvenir du Congres, Althorp Crasanne, Beurr6
Capiaumont, Beurr6 Diel, BeHrr^ d'Amanlis, Brock-
worth Park, Dr. Trousseau, Easter Beurr^. Josephine
de Malines, Louise Bonne of Jersey on Quince, Ber-
gamotte d'Esperen. Passe Colmar, Seckle, Woodals
St, Germain. W. Chuck. Brodsworth Hull. Doncaster.

At the blooming period there was a great

promise of a fine crop of Apples and Pears ; but
first from cold, and then drought, the crop of both
will be poor here — especially Pears and hite Apples.
Strawberries have been very fine here, and abun-
dant, but are going quickly over, owing to the dry,
hot weather. Red and white Currants are both
abundant and fine ; also Raspberries, but, like the
Strawberries, will be quickly over. Black Currants
are moderately good. Gooseberries are a good crop,
but suffering much with drought. J. Tindall, Sprot-
horough Hall, Doncaster.

LAXCAdHiKE^-'— Apricots, wheie they eucceed, are a

THE GAB DENE BS' CHBONICLE.

[AuonsT 13, 1887.

very heavy crop ; also Plums, including Damsons,
and all are swelling well. Many of the Morello
Cherries are likely to drop, but a good average crop
will be left. Peaches and Nectarines set so thickly
that as many as a score were counted on one shoot a
foot long. Some varieties of Apples and Pears that
seldom bear have a good crop on this year : for
instance, Golden Noble has but once had such a
heavy crop in seven years. The same may be said
of Marie Louise Pear. In the open small fruits have
s iU'ered on light soil, but are good on heavy land ;
black Currants being very variable, just as the trees
were exposed to the gale on May 10, and honeydew
has been troublesome in places. Strawberries were
never better in this garden than this year on young
an:I old plants alike, but some of the latter now
droop for want of water. In all gardens the crop
w.as heavy, as many as 200 fruits were counted on
one plant of a local variety (Baines' Prolific), but
in many instances the fruit was small, and the plants
are, on light soil, fairly scorched up, W. P. Roberts,
Guerdon Halt, Preston.

MIDLAND COUNTIES.

Cheshire. — We should have had a very good crop
of Apples, but a number have dropped owing to the
excessive dryness ; but if we have rain soon the
rem.ainder may swell up very well. Hawthornden,
Stirling Castle, Lord Suffield, and Lane's Prince
Albert have full crops. In Pears I have not before
seen Louise Bonne so full of fruit, if. MacKellar,
Ahwy Hall, Cheadle,

Fruit trees of all kinds bloomed very pro-

fusily this season, and as there were no late frosts,
there was a favourable prospect of a heavy fruit crop,
but a long continuance of cold winds and dry weather
had an unfavourable effect on the flowers and young
fruit, the result being a much diminished crop,
although still a good average generally. Strawberries
were a very heavy crop, the fruit large and well
flavoured. Gooseberries, red and black Currants, an
average crop; Raspberries, in some places injured
by cold winds, but otherwise bearing well. Other
fi'.ilts a good average, some having heavy crops, and
some little or none. W. Whitakcr, Crewe Hall, Crewe.

D.iRBTSHiRE. — Fruit crops, speaking generally, are
fairl / good. Strawberries and Raspberries suffering
m ic!i for want of rain. Plums on walls are light,
but Damsons plentiful. Pears, a fair crop on walla,
but pyramids very thin. Crops generally suffering
for want of rain. T. Keetley. Darley Ahhey.

Notts. — The fruit crop, though late, here and
throughout this district, is above the average. Plums,
will h were last year one of the heaviest crops
of recent years, are again this season abundant,
ths Victoria and Damson being particularly so.
Cherries, both Morellos and sweet, are good, so are
Apricots, Pears and Peaches. Apples are more
variable ; many of the varieties that bore last year the
heaviest crops are again this season the best. Bush
fruit generally, with the exception of black Currants,
a-e ])lentiful, but small through want of rain. Straw-
berries on young plantations have rarely been so
plentiful or fine, the plants not suffering in the least
from the long period of drought, while many of the
old plantations are killed outright. Early Potatos
are a poor crop. Late varieties are promising well,
and should the much needed rain soon come, no
doubt the yield will be a good one. M. Mason, Clumber
Manor.

Shropshire.— The fruit crop in this district will
be over the average ; Peaches, Nectarines, and Apri-
cots are all carrying heavy crops, and the trees are
looking remarkably well. Apples: Ribston Pippin,
Cox's Orange Pippin, Lord Sullield, Warner's King,
Cellini, Dumelow's Seedling, Alfriston, and Adam's
Pearmain, are all carrying heavy crops. Pears :
Loviise Bonne, Ilacon's Incomparable, Easter and
Brown Beurres, Winter Nelis, Brockworth Park,
Williams' Bon Chretien, and Forelle, are carrying
very good crops. All small fruits suffering from
wautof rain. R. Milner, Siindorn Castle.

STAFFonnsaiEE.— We had a splendid bloom in
the .=;pring, very late, and the promise of a good fruit

year. The protracted cold with sharp frost and hail-
storms proved too much for the Pears and Plums,
only a few escaping; they are a very thin crop.
Peaches ere good, Cherries good, Apricots poor.
Apples promise well, and a good crop ; Strawberries
are very good where mulched and kept watered ;
Raspberries look very promising. Gooseberries and
Currants a good crop, but small. G. Wythe, Teddes-
ley Pari.

The Apple crop in this district is about an

average one. Keswick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Small's
Admirable, and Stirling Castle are a very full crop.
Pears are only a medium crop, but if we get rain
soon they should be good in size and quality. Goose-
berries, Raspberries, and all kinds of Currants are a
heavy crop, but the fruit is small. Strawberries have
been good, but had to be well watered, or they would
not have ripened half their fruit. J. Wallis, Keek
Hall.

Leicestershire. — Moorpark and Hemskirk
Apricots set well, and the trees are looking very
healthy, as are Peaches and Nectarines. Plums have
been very much infested with aphis ; Victorias and
Pond's Seedling carry very fiiir crops. The kinds of
Pears bearing the best crops here are Louise Bonne
of .Jersey, Beurr(5 Diel, Citron des Carmes, Marie
Louise, Thompson's British Queen. Some trees are
very much infested with the Pear sawfly. Straw-
berries flowered well, but the dry weather shortened
the crop. Apples, with some exceptions, are thin,
and the trees very much infested with red-spider.
All kinds flowered well. G. Maynard, Cole Orton
Hall.

Prolonged drought must be credited with

any deficiencies recorded in the return. There
was a very great promise of heavy fruit crops in
the early summer, but the dry state of the subsoil
and absence of rain, conjoined with abnormally high
temperature, caused a reduction even on orchard
fruit, while trees in highly drained kitchen gardens
lost more than half the fruit that seemed fairly set.
The smaller fruits. Raspberries, Strawberries, though
producing freely, could not mature the heavy crop,
much of it remained undeveloped. I never before
witnessed so great an invasion of the caterpillar of
the Gooseberry moth, Phatena vanaria. Every bush
was simultaneously attacked. W. Ingram, Behoir
Castle.

Warwickshire. — The fruit crops, notwithstanding
the severe drought which has prevailed since June 3
in this district, are upon the whole very promising.
Nothing could be more satisfactory than the fruit
bloom of this spring. A good deal of Apple blossom
fell without setting, which will leave the crop
thinner than might have been expected from such a
blossom ; still there will be an average crop, and the
fruit much finer in consequence. The same remarks
are applicable to Pears on walls ; where they have
been hand-picked and thinned the fruit promises to
be very fine. Were we to take a leaf out of the
Frenchman's book, and go over our orchards during
setting time, thin out the blossoms and divest them
of caterpillars, which generally do much damage
about setting time, the fruit in this country
would not be so inferior as it generally is. The
Americans, we are told, by bestirring them-
selves, find time to do many things successfully
which wc neglect, and so cut us out of the market,
and then we cry loudly for protection, so that we may
have profitable returns without having very much
to bestir ourselves. W. Miller, Coombs Abbey.

Beds.— No spring ever gave a greater promise of
abundant fruit. Apple trees were a mass of blos-
soms ; Pears and Plums sufficient for an average.
Strawberries never looked better, all varieties of
bush fruit everything that could be desired, and foli-
age healthy throughout. The unusually dry season
has changed all this ; insects have ravaged the
foliage ; fruit, even where abundant, promises to
finish badly. Strawbe rii s here, being well attended
to, were fine, but on light soils a total failure.
Plums and Cherries much infested with aphides.
Apples are falling in unusual quantities. Pears at a
standstill. Birds, being short of food, very trouble-

some. Altogether, one of the most disappointing
seasons, after such an alluring commencement. A.
McKay, Woburn Abbey.

Bucks. — The continued dry weather has affected
the fruit crops generally. Apples bloomed pro-
fusely, but set very thinly, and, no doubt, suffered
from the cold winds experienced at the time. I note
some exceptions in the neighbourhood, especially in
sheltered positions, where Blenheim Orange, King of
the Pippins, Wellington and Ribston Pippins are
carrying good crops, but wanting rain. The Straw-
berry season has been short, and the fruit small.
Bush fruits plentiful. C. Herrin, Dropnwre.

Hertfordshire. — Apricots are being less grown
every year, through the early decay of the trees.
Plums : Victoria is the only variety bearing a good
crop. Cherries are very clean and sound, but not
quite so large as usual. Peaches and Nectarines set
very freely. Apples are very clean ; they are falling
very much through the drought. Pears are very clean.
Strawberries were very small, and season very short.
The crop of Walnuts is unusually heavy. G. Nor-
man, Hatfield House.

The fruit crops here and surrounding district

promised at one time to be the best we had seen for
some years, the magnificent bloom with a fair setting
of the fruit through the lateness of the season was all
that could be desired, but the last eight weeks'
drought with the excessive heat and prevailing north
and east winds have been most disastrous to most of
the crops : Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines are the
only exceptions. Apples that escaped the ravages of
caterpillar are now fast fiilling from the unusually
dry weather. Plums are also falling from the same
cause. Strawberries a great portion quite baked
upon the plants, hence a very short season. Currants
a very scarce crop, in many places so dried up that they
are quite useless. Cherries small, much infested with
aphis. Unless we get a copious rainfall shortly our
autumn prospects, both for fruit and vegetables, will
be very disheartening. R. Euffett, Panshanger Park.

EASTERN COUNTIES.

Norfolk. — Fruit trees of all kinds were well set
with fruit, but the continued north-east winds
accompanied with excessive drought, caused much of
it to drop, especially Apricots, Cherries, and Apples.
Plums are about the best crop; Strawberries have
been plentiful and fine where well watered. Currants
and Raspberries are plentiful but small ; Gooseberries
thin ; Walnuts were a heavy crop, but have fallen so
as to reduce them to an average. H. Batchelor,
Cation Park.

A remarkable show on April 1 for all

kinds of fruit, in fact I never saw Peaches, Pluma,
Cherries, and Apples open their blooms with greater
promise ; but we got east winds with a blue fog for
a fortnight or three weeks without sun or rain, which
caused great destruction. C. Penny, Sandringham.

Suffolk. — Extraordinary fine blossom, the set
being, on the whole, irregular, and altogether inferior
to the profuse promise. Peaches and Nectarines are
almost the only fruits that have come up to expecta-
tions. Apricots are also plentiful, but more irregular.
Cherries set well, but are falling prematurely from
drought. Plums are the most irregular crop of the
season. Gages scarce, other sorts erratic : standards
mostly thin — even Damsons are so : pyramids have
better crops, as have most sorts on walls. Cordon
Plums, including a great many varieties, all fruitful.
Apples and Pears irregular, few varieties bearing a
full croi>, and maggots and fruit-dropping very pre-
valent. Among bush fruit Raspberries and Straw-
berries are the great crops here — have never seen
the latter equalled. Currants, including the black,
about an average. Strawberries have suffered much
from the drought ; some allowed to run in a semi-
wild state have fruited best, the crowd of runners
helping to shut in the moisture. D. T. Fish, Hard-
wick.

All kinds of fruit suffering much from the

long drought, and cold, dry nights. Strawberries
were an abundant crop, but not half of them, owing
to the dry weather, came to maturity ; the same is

Adgust 13, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

189

the case witli Raspberries, lied aud black Currants
are fairly good, and of fine quality. A]>ples and
Pears are fairly good, but must be small. Plums are
a poor crop, and the trees much blighted. B. Squibb,
Ickwortk Park.

Essex. — Apples a good crop generally, and such
varieties as Hawthornden, Bedfordshire Foundling,
and King of Pippins, have to be propped up from
excess of fruit. Of Pears, some sorts are heavily
laden, Williams' Bon Chretien being a very heavy
crop. Plums are good all round. Green Gages
require to be propped up. Cherries, all sorts, very
sbundant, and of good quality. W. Earlcy, Double
House^ Aldborough Hatch.

Ai)ricots set well on a wall facing south, on

a west wall they cauglit tlie frost. Plums have done
better on standards than on walls, but aphis has
spread over the leaves since hot weather set in.
Cherries are good on walls ; they were a good crop
on large trees out-of-doors. Apple trees were in
glorious blossom, and a few have set well, but many
varieties suffered from a storm from the east with
sleet. Pears promise well, but are irregularly set,
like the Apples. Strawberries suffered much from
the hot weather ; the fruit was of poor flavour. Nut
trees are strong and healthy. J. Douglas, I/ford.

SOUTHERN COUNTIES.
Middlesex. — My return applies solely to market
finits, grown extensively in this district. Apples
constitute a very fair crop, especially in Manx
Codlin, Julien, Sutfield,but are thinner on late sorts.
Sample at present looks well, and with good rain
would be a fine one later on. Pears are moderate ;
sample very good ; a general sprinkling, and thought
to be quite enough. Cherries a fine crop, and of
excellent quality ; one of the best crops for several
years; May Dukes, Eluons, and Bigarreaus largely
grown in this district : so also are Morellos. Plums
on Victorias, Gisbornes, and Prince of Wales are
plentiful — in many cases quite a heavy crop. Green
Gages are thin. Damsons plentiful. Black Currants
a very thin crop; reds plentiful. Gooseberries a
fair crop only, and selling badly. Strawberries soon
over, owing to the drought; really not more than half
a good crop on the whole. Raspberries plentiful, as
usual. Walnuts set well, but are thinning because
of the drought. A. Dean, Bedfont.

Surrey. — The Apples and Pears are not nearly so
■good as they promised to be at the end of May and
•early in June. Owing to the long drought (of seven
weeks) combined with easterly winds, a large per-
■centage of fruit dropped off ; the foliage on orchard
trees is much curled and covered with aphis and
American blight. Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines
are heavy crops ; these are more free from blister than
■for years past. Small fruits are very good but under
average size. Strawberries have been abundant and
fine through waterings and heavy mulching. A.
Sva?u>, Lifthc Hill, Haslcnure.

Kent. — Generally speaking the fruit crops of
•every kind are not first-rate, many are under average,
especially the Apple crop ; the quality will be, pro-
bably, fair. Cherries, in some orchards, are a good
average crop, in others almost nothing. Plums
not so plentiful as tliey were last year, but are filling
out in a promising manner. Of bush fruits Goose-
berries are a faii'ly good crop ; the same may be said
of Currants, red and white, but black Currants are
■not so plentiful. These last suffered from high
winds when the fruit was in a green state. Peaches,
Nectarines, Apricots, and outdoor Figs show a good
lot of finiit. Early Strawberries matured but a small
crop, on account of dry weather. G. A. Don, Bcdgc-
bury Park.

We have had remarkably dry weather now

going on for the fifth season, and this last twelve-
months in particular, and the abundant supply of
iw everj'thing, under the circumstances, is marvellous ;

last summer things could not grow for the drought.
Plants made no move until late in the spring, when
hot weather set in, and here we are in a drier state,
if possible, than we were last year. Medium-growing
things are receiving two long standstill seasons in the

year, aud it is feared many will have a ^ard fight to
struggle through the season. H. Cannes, Swanleg.

Apples are much under average, except the

following sorts, which are a fair crop:— Lord Suf-
field, Manx Codlin, Lucomb's Seedliig, Norfolk
Beaufin. It is mostly gravel and chalk in this dis-
trict. F. Dcuxherry, Cobhant Hall.

Wall fruits have suffered much from the

ungenial weather experienced in the spring. Plums
are in many places almost a total failure. Apples
are very short; in many places the trees have
suffered considerably, much of the young growth of
last year is killed. Small bush fruits are short and
very poor in quality, very small. Strawberries pro-
mised well, but the long-continued drought with
easterly winds prevented their growing out. Rasp-
berries are promising, though very backward ; some
good rains would much benefit them. J. Charlton,
Tunbridge WelU

Sussex. — Fruit crops in general here look very pro-
mising, but are much in want of rain ; should it
come shortly there will be good crops, of Apples,
Figs, Pears, Apricots, Peaches and Nectarines.
Gooseberries and all kinds of Currants, Plums and
Cherries much blighted. Walnuts, Filberts and
Cobs looking healthy and abundant. F. Rutland,
Goodwood Park.

Considering the unpropitious year we have

had so far, the fruit crop on the whole is fairly satis-
factory about this district. We have had no rain here
since June 3 ; add to this the prevalence of nortli and
north-east winds, and oui* unfortunate position may
be imagined. The year, so far, has been the most
unfavourable for gardening I can remember. Wall
trees have kept us busy to keep the fly under-hand.
Apples are not nearly so plentiful as last year ; the
trees have a starved look that does not betoken good
quality in the fruits. Strawberries with us were
good. I attribute this to thorough good trenching :
three and four year old beds received a heavy
mulching afterwards. Pears are scarce, but good,
what there are of them. Plums have much greenfly
on the foliage. Cranberries, which do well here, are,
as usual, excellent. Raspberries and Currants are
very promising. We have to water all round to keep
things from drying off. I should add. Peaches out-
side are most productive this season. My friend,
Mr. Allen, of Normanhurst, has a grand show, with
plenty of health and vigour, although early in the
season we suffered much from blister. H. B. Hobncs,
Ashburnham Place.

Hants. — Plum trees bloomed profuselv, and the
fruit set well, but long-continued cold winds made
the fruit drop. Apples : — Long continued east winds
prevailed when and after the trees were in bloom,
with which they were smothered, thus causing the
fruit to drop instead of to swell. Pears: — Trees on
east walls were affected more by the cold winds,
owing to their being earlier in bloom than pyramids,
consequently there is less fruit. Peaches and Nec-
tarines ai'e very promising, the trees being very
clean and healthy. Strawberries are largely grown
in this district, as many as 30 tons being sent from
one station in a day. Season will be short, owing to
drought. E. Molyneitx, Swanmore.

This district is suffering seriously from

drought ; only 0*17 inch of rain has fallen since
June 2. All kinds of fruit crops are good, but Apples
and Pears will be very small if the rain keeps off
much longer. In our case we have a good supply
of water, and have used it freely for Peaches, Nec-
tarines, Apricots, and Pluras on walls. Straw-
berries were good, but the excessive heat and drought
must have the creclit for this being the shortest
Strawberry season I have ever known, W. WikUmith,
Heckficld.

Wilts. — The present has been a very trying year
for fruit-growers. The long spell of wintry weather
which extended '"over the spring months almost
succeeded by several weeks of drought and tro]>ical
sunshine, reduced several crops which a few weeks
ago gave promise of being very heavy, to an
average, and in some cases to second average crops.
This has been notably the case with Cherries ; and

Apples, though the latter are still plentiful on the
trees, have been thinned considerably in some places,
the ground underneath the trees being covered with
fallen fruit. Strawberries, as might be expected in a
season like this, though plentiful enough, have been
rather small iu light soil, even with the ground
mulched with rotten dung, the advantage of which is
fully demonstrated this year, H. W. Ward, Longford
Castle.

Dorset. — I find the small fruits have suff"ered
much for the want of rain. Apples, Plums, and
other stone fruits are suffering from the same cause.
I fear we shall be deficient in many of the crops.
J. Beck, Crichcl Gardens, Wimhorn.

Berks. — Fruit crops are very good indeed on the
whole, tht' only deficiency being in Pears, Apples
and Plums especially being good, and trees generally
are clean and liealthy. Strawberries have been
exceptionally good iu ([uality, but owing to the long-
continued drought the season will be shorter than
is usual with us. Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury
has been especially liked for its fine colour and
flavour. Raspberries are also very good indeed, both
in size and flavour. W. Pope, Highclcrc Castle, New-
bury.

Fruit crops in this district, taking them on

the whole, are ^good ; still they are not what they
would have been, for the want of rain, of which we
have only had 0'2I inch from June 4 up to July 23,
and, I may add, not the least sign of rain yet. Along
with that we have had a high temperature of 112'^
in the sun and 89° in the shade. Out of twenty-
three days in July we have had ten days with a tem-
perature varying from 102° up to 112°, and falling
as low as 38° at night, so that I may say we are very
much in want of rain for fruit and vegetables.
Everything is getting parched up, and it is hard to
cope with such continued drought in keeping up a
supply for the table. F. Jones, Royal Gardens, Frog-
more, Windsor.

I made my last inspection the 26th ult., and

the tabulated remarks are for this neighbourhood
coiTect up to date. Ten years ago I planted a lot
of the Wellington Apple ; they promised famously,
were full of blossom this spring, but the hurricane
came and blackened the pistils; result, no fi-uit.
My old and earlier blossoming orchard trees were
before the storm, and are bearing well. I have also
plenty of Walnuts where the Avind did not catch them
R. Fcnn, Sulhanipsicad.

WESTERN COUNTIES.

Herefordshirp;. — Although unusually late, fruit
crops of all kinds, with the exception of Plums,
promised well in the spring, the Apple blossom being
the fullest and finest I have noticed for many years.
A long period of drought, accompanied by drying
north winds, set in, blight and grub put in an appear-
ance, with the natural result that crops are neither
so even nor so good as we expected. Strawben-ies,
with us are plentiful ; La Grosse Sucree, Pi-esident.
Paxton, Elton, and Oxonian on open or north borders
are bearing fine crops, but then they have been
heavily mulched and flooded with water. Fruit trees
of all kinds are seriously aff*ected by the drought,
which set in on June 3. The clouds for the last week
have been trifling with us, but the slight showers
which have fallen are practically useless. W. Cole-
vvan, Eastnor Castle Gardens.

Worcestershire. — The fruit crops in this district
are, on the whole, very good. Apples are heavily
cropped and clean. Pears are a good average crop
both on walls aud pyramid trees. Apricots very
thin. Cherries, both sweet and Morellos, are a
heavy crop. Plums set so thickly that they re-
quire thinning. Figs are also a good crop. Peaches
and Nectarines average crops, and the trees have
been very free from blister. Strawberries, enormous
crops, especially Sir J. Paxton and Oxonian, being
splendid for size of berry, colour, and flavour. Rasp-
berries are carrying excellent crops of fine fruit. Red
and white Currants very abundant, clean, and bright
in berry ; black Currants thin, but very fine. Goose-
berries are excellent crops ; and the growth all kinds

190

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[AcGusr 13. 1887.

of fruit trees have made this season is extraordinary,
taking into consideration the long period of drought
we have passed through. E. JVard, Hewdl Graiiqc,

Taking the district throughout, the crop of

Plums is very variable, but in some few cases heavy ;
much, however, lias lately fallen off". Apples and
Pears are quite full crops, and the trees look clean
and healthy. On the walls in the garden the fi'uit
generally is clean and good, but will naturally bo
rather small ; Peaches and Nectarines better than
for many years past, and the trees clean and healthy.
W. Child, Croom Court, Seufni Sto/ce.

Apples and Pears are, upon the whole, under

the average, early sorts very small ; the fruit and
foliage generally are clean and healthy. Apricots
are fairly good crops, and the trees flourishing, so
also are Plums, Damsons, and Cherries. Peaches and
Nectarines have good crops, and are making a clean
and healthy growth. Strawberries gave gi*eat pro-
mise ; there was an abundant bloom, which set well ;
owing to the absence of rain the crop failed to swell
satisfactorily, and only in instances where an abun-
dance of water could be given has there been any-
thing like good results. Gooseberries and Rasp-
berries plentiful, but small in size — Currants tliiu
and undersized, especially black ones. John Ausfcii,
Witlcy Court Gaideus.

Gloucestershire. — Fruit trees bloomed unusually
late this year, and escaped the late spring frosts, and
nearly every blossom set. The dry weather during
June and July caused a quantity to fall, which left
an average crop, and there is every appearance of its
ripening out well. Strawberries, which were very
promising, were ruined by the absence of rain. Bash
fruit very heavy, but not so fine, through the drought.
A. Chapman, Wesiuu Birt Gardens,

Monmouthshire. — Owing to the dryness of the
season all kinds of fruit, except where water has
been freely administered, are less than usual. Pear
trees are clean and healthy, but greatly need moisture
to cause them to swell. Apricots and Plums that
are mulched and well watered are swelling their fruit
freely. Of Pears upon walls Easter Beurre, Beurre
Diel, B. de Capiaumont, B. d'Anjou, B. de Ranee.
Bon Chretien, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Xouise
d'Uccle, Comte de Lamy, Jargonelle, and Josephine
de Malines caiTy the heaviest crops ; while the best
cropped Plums are Golden Drop, Ivirke's, and Vic-
toria, and Apricots d'Alsace, Peach, and Shipley's.
Quinces and nuts are well cropped. T. Coomher,
HcTidre Gardens.

Somersetshire. — Severe frosts in March destroyed
the gi-eater portion of the Apricot bloom, no kind of
protection being sufficient to ward it off. Pear buds
•were also much injured by frosts. Bullfinches were
the principal cause of the Plum failure. Apples verv
plentiful, but on poor land they are dropping off
wholesale. Strawberries were unusually plentiful,
but the drought crippled them. Tops of Walnut
trees killed by the March frosts. Filberts extra
thick where protected or sheltered. \}V. Iggulden,
Marston Court Gardens.

Devonshire. — Our fruit crops early in the season
were never more promising, and perhaps never
attended by more disastrous results, owing to the
long-continued drought, crops of all kinds only being
saved by continued watering and mulching. Numbers
of bushes and trees have been killed. The Straw-
berry crop especially suffered much — not half a crop,
and very small. Peaches and Nectarines in many
gardens are leafless, owing to scarcity of water and
severe attacks of red-spider. Apricots only have
been saved by attention to watering. Early Cherries
in market gardens were a fair crop. Morellos failed
at the stoning period, and are considerably under the
average. Plums were thinned to a great extent
during the drought. Pears are almost a failure.
Apples, though the bloom escaped the spring frosts,
were subject to a violent gale, which did sad havoc
to the crop. S. C. Powell, I'owderham.

Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines are by far

the best crops, all of which may be called a full
crop, and of excellent quality. Strawberries ai"e quite

a failure, lat|' sorts, such as Elton Pine and J. Veiteh,
having no fi' lit at all, although the plants bloomed
well. W.A. Phillips, Bicton Gardens.

The extreme drought of this year has told

unfavourably upon eveiy crop in the gardens. The
jiromise of the springtime was very good, fruit trees

LION. (SEE I'. 191.)

pole, (see p. liil.)

flowering very freely and liealthily. The result at
the present time is varying. Wall fruits very fair
crops, but the growth of the trees is weakly, and the
fruit will be undersized. Apples set very well ; the
trees now have an unhealthy look — the fruit very
small, and a great deal of it falling from the trees ;
should, however, a rainy period come to u>^, I antici-

pate, as there is so much heat in the ground, it may
yet develope into full average size. Small fruits,
such as Gooseberries and Currants, are very good
indeed. Raspberi'ies fair. Strawberries were very
good, but had a short season. The best kinds of
Pears are very thin on the trees. J. Enstone, Wear,
Exeter.

Cornwall. — In all my twenty years" experience
the spring of 1887 must be remembered as the coldest.
On March 14 we bad 14° of frost, and very cold
nights continued through April and May. The re-
port of the fruit crops will clearly show that a pro-
longed winter augurs well. Apples are exceptionally
plentiful, even shy bearers such as Cornish Gilli-
flower. Cox's Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, and
old Golden Pippin, are all good this season ; the same
with Pears — Marie Louise, which on an average give
a good crop once in ten years, are thick and fine this
season. C. Lee, Boconiwc, Lostwithiel.

Apples are a most abundant crop, but the

dry weather has caused great quantities to drop,
still an amazing crop will remain ; and the trees and
fruit look clean and promising. Peaches and Nec-
tarines here without the least protection on open
walls are very good, the trees clean and healthy.
The weather has been far too dry for Strawberries
hereabout: they are quite roasted by the sun-heat,
and have not ripened. All bush fruits, with the ex-
ception of Raspberries, are abundant and very good.
./. Murton, Pencalenick, Truro.

WAXES.

Pejieeokeshire. — Apples are an abundant and
satisfactory crop in nearly all orchards not exposed to
the severe storm we had in this district on the night
of May 19. In this garden varieties which are
generally shy fruiters have a heavy crop. Pears
bloomed well, but we had 16° of frost when most of
the trees were in bloom, which injured them veiy
much, however some varieties carry a good crop,
Josephine de Malines in particular. Plums sufl'ered
very much from frost when setting ; a great many
sorts have only a few fruits, Victoria is the only
good crop. G. Griffin, Sleheck Park Gardens.

Denbighshire. — Generally speaking fair crops of
all sorts. Plums good on walls, failure on standards ;
Pears good on standards, middling on walls. All
bush fruits heavy crops and good flavour. Peaches
fair, but Nectarines very thin. Figs a heavy crop,
and likely to ripen this season. P. Middlcton, Wf/nn-
sfai/ Gardens, Ruabon.

IRELAND.

Kilkenny. — The Apple crop is the best we have
had for a number of years, most varieties bearing
freely. Pears and Plums are a good average crop ;
amongst the latter Victorias are excellent. Straw-
berries suffered badly from the drought, and were
consequently small, and of short duration. Small
fruits in general are plentiful, but in these gardens
Gooseberries were much damaged by hail showers
when in flower. W. Grey, Woodstock, Kilkenny.

Clare. — The dry spring and hot summer here
caused the entire loss of the Strawberry crop in many
places, but in damp localities an average crop was
obtained. Of Apples there was a very large set of
fruit, but most of them have now fallen, and
when examined, showed the Apple maggot was very
prevalent. Plums and Pears were greatly damaged
by frost. W. Wilson, Dromorland Gardens.

CHANNEL ISLANDS.
Jehsev. — Jersey cannot boast of an average crop
of stone fruits this year. Apricots, Nectarines,
Plums, and Peaches, being sparsely distributed over
the trees, and no thinning, as a rule, has been re-
quired. Apples and Pears are more near an average,
particularly where the trees are old and well estab-
lished. The intense heat and drought during the
months of June and .July have diminished the size of
small fruits, which would otherwise have been abun-

Adgost 13, 1S87.]

THE GAB BE NEB S' CEB ONICL E.

191

dant. The climate and soil are too moist for Nuts —
they are not planted. C. B. Saunders, St. Savioum.

Guernsey. — Tlie long and serious drought through
which we have and are still passing has had a most
marked effect on outside fruit. Strawberries were
small and a very short season. The flavour really
"waa, we think, better than we have had for years.
"With such intense heat and dryness abundance of
insect pests is only what was to be expected. Where
these have been kept in reasonable subjection the
bloom-bud for next season should be ample. C.
Smith ^ Soils, Caledotiia Nurscri/, St. Peters Port,

SciLLY Isles. — The severe gales of last winter
injured the Currant bushes. Raspberry canes, and
Strawberry plants (especially the severe gale of
October) so much that the crops have been very
poor, and the cold dry spring made matters still
"worse. Apple trees are uninjured. G, J). Vaila7icc,
Tresco Abbey.

former seat of the sovereign, and si Jasequently in
Ycdo (Tokio) At this time catalogues and illus-
trated books of the varieties of this plant made their

y^^^n-T^

PSILOTUM TEIQUETRUM.

[Mr. Tokutaro Ito, a Japanese botanist, now at
Cambridge, and the grandson of a distinguished
Japanese man of science, was good enough, some
time since, to forward for our inspection two Japanese
works devoted to the illustration and description of
a plant well known to botanists, and one which,
though very remarkable in some of its forms, is
rarely seen outside botanic gardens. In British
gai'dens we are only familiar with the common form,
and with the spirally twisted variety, grown at Kew
(see fig. 47, p. 193), though in herbaria numerous forms
are found. From the scores of figures in the books
in question we have reproduced four, of which Mr.
Tokutaro Ito has obligingly furnished the following
particulars. Ed.]

Those residents in Eastern Asia who have paid at-
tention to the cultivation of plants, either for the
sake of their ornamental or economic uses, cannot fail
to have observed that the skill of their countrymen in
the " art of horticulture,"' has tended to the produc-
tion of no small number of new forms and beautiful
varieties of plants. Some of the forms and varieties
produced and reproduced are but very little known
to their Western brethren. What I now propose to
write in this short note is an account of the varieties
of a plant which, I believe, if introduced into Europe,
might attract at least the attention of certain English
horticulturists. I refer to the varieties of Psilotum
triquetrnm, Sw., a plant allied toLycopodium.

The geographical distribution of this plant extends
over the tropical and sub-tropical regions of both
hemispheres, even extending to Florida and Japan.
In the latter country it grows in the warmer parts ;
thus, in the island of Kiusiu, it is found in the pro-
vinces of Buzen, Satsuraa, Hiuga, and Ohsumi :
"while in the principal island of Nippon it occurs in
the provinces of Idsu and Kii. It is also known
from the Riukiu Islands.

The whole plant is about 4 or 5 inches in height,
but often attains more than a foot ; the stem is
smooth, slender, and usually erect, divided into
branches, the latter again subdivided into many
dichotomous forks ; while the leaves are of extremely
diminutive size, placed here and there on the
branches, thus presenting, both in their form and
size, an appearance of bracts. A number of globular
spore-cases .are produced singly in the axils of their
bracts, and the portion of the branch just beneath
the sporangium often assumes an appearance of
stalk, and it is sometimes described as such ; but
this is shown by Goebel to be incorrect. In spite
of their minute, bract-like leaves, the stem and
branches are evergreen, whence this plant serves as
a permanent ornament, whether placed in rooms or
in conservatories — their coral -shaped branches being
displayed in a graceful manner.

The attention of Japanese horticulturists was first

attracted to this plant in the middle of the eighteenth

century, but it was not until the years of Tempo (about

" ^ —1 840"^ that the fashion of cultivating it became

and private exhibitions of this

^ened at iirst in Kioto, the

Fig. 45.— the bent cbaxe.

Fig. 46. — ADSU.Mi CHIRIMEN.

appearance, among which I may at present deal with
two works in detail. Both are fully illustrated and
coloured, bearing the title of SJwyu Ban Pii, or a
monograph of Psilotum. Matsitba Ban, which means

Pino-Ieaved Orchid, is the Japanese name of Psilotum,
and Shoyo Ban is simply a Sinico-Japanese version
of it. One of the works is a small pamphlet, pub-
lished in Yedo. and containing a few coloured figures
of apparently selected varieties. A short description
of each plant, as well as a brief note for the direction
of cultivation, are also given. The other is of a much
more elaborate character, inasmuch as it contains a
catalogue of more than 120 varieties, each with a
descrijrtion of its distinguishing characters. But the
conspicuous part of this bo6k consists in the coloured
illustrations of some sixty representative varieties,
each single variety occupying one page. This book
bears the date of 1836— no doubt at the height of their
fashion— and probably published in Yido (though
the place of publication is not stated) by an authoi-
with the nom de plume of ShO-In Gwai-shi. These
illustrations, some of which are reproduced in a
reduced size in the accompanying figures, represent
almost everv sort of curious form, straight, curved,
curled, or twisted ; some are drooping, like a Weeping
Willow, while others imitate the appearance of the
lower forms of marine animals, such as polyps
crinoids, and their allies. Each of these novelties
has its own trivial name— TawM ZJsarvj, Tama Midori.
Tomo Shiraga, Awoyaiji Chirimen, Adsiima Ckirimcn,
and so on. It is by lio means an easy matter to make
exact translation of these names. Let us take some
of them to illustrate the varieties represented in the
accompanying figures : — Tama ShisJii, or Rolling
Lion, is a' name of a variety represented in fig. 43;
ShisU (or lion) is often applied by Japanese horticul-
turists to fancy forms, especially twisted or rolled
ones. Temari 'Dsiku. or Ball-on-the-Pole, is a variety
shown in fig. 44, and the appellation may easily be
explained bv looking at the figure. The singular
variety which will be observed at fig. 45 obtained the
name of Ori Dsiiru, or Bent Crane, on account of the
appearance of its branches somewhat resembling a
group of "cranes" made by little Japanese girls
simply by folding a piece of paper. The name of a
variety with drooping branches (compare fig. 46) is
Adsuma Chirimen, which cannot be easilv translated.
Some of the other varieties have such striking names,
as (in English version) Dragon's Moustache, Kirin's
(a fabulous animal) Horn; on the other hand, the
name, such as Green Coral, is much more suggestive.
To European horticulturists, however, only a small
number of the varieties of this plant appear to be
kno^vn. According to Mr. Baker's Fern Allies— aa
excellent book, only recently published — Psilotum
capillare of Blume is shown to' be the variety of P. tri-
quetrum. Sw., with indistinctly triquetrous branches.
Again, Mr. Baker includes under the same species about
nine species described under the genus Bernhardia by
Karl MuUer. There is another plant, P. compla-
natum. Sw., regarded as a distinct species ; but, as I
am unable to examine authentic specimens of this
plant, I cannot declare whether it is really a distinct
species, or rather to be considered as a conspicuous
variety of P. triquetrum (fig. 47, p. 193). Dr. Maxwell
T. Masters, in a recent letter written to me. observes
that he has only seen at Kew a variety with the
spirally twisted stem. But, as I understand that he
intends to make a further examination of P. trique-
trnm, I can only anticipate that his extensive know-
ledge of horticultural botany, and his capacity as so
able a vegetable teratologist, will not only remove
mistakes and omissions, which I fear will be observed
in my short note, but also will discover many more
important facts of scientific interest. Tokutaro Ito,
F.L.S., Cambridge.

POTATO CULTURE.

(Continued from p. 383, ml. L, 3rrf series.)
In the earlier part of this article reference was
made (p. 736) to the view held by some that starch
passes as such from the leaf to the tuber. The
objection that starch is not " soluble " in water at
less than about 70° does not affect the question.
Since that portion was written it has been found
definitely that there is no starch in the stem. This
has been ascertained from analysis of Potato plant
stems themselves, and is not reasoning by analogy
from observations on other plants, as hitherto we
have had to do for want of direct experiments with
Potato plants. Analyses are in progress to ascer-
tain, if possible, the rate of formation of starch in
the tubers, and with this end in view they are being

192

THE GABDENEE8' CHBONICLE.

[AconsT 13, 1887.

made perioJically. This, after all, will only apply
to the particular variety under examination, and it
is to be regretted tliat cultivators have not before
now souglit to gain some knowledge on the subject
of the formation of that starch for which they grow
their crops. Next to our cereals they are the most
important we have. Cereals have been well studied
(Chemically— the Potato has been not studied at all.

The starch granule is a very favourite microscope
preparation, and is generally " in stock " with dealers ;
but to have a series shewing the development of the
granule is work yet to be done. Development in the
tuber, being in the dark, is of course different from
the process in the chlorophyll cell under the action
of light.

A full study of Potato growth should, of course,
include, among other things, not only periodic
chemical and microscopic examination, but a record
of the duration of light sufficient to form starch, of
the temperature and of the moisture of air and soil.
Perhaps for next year's crops some one may arrange
this.

Reference has already been made to the fact
recently ascertained, that the amount of light suffi-
cient to form the green colouring matter of leaves is
not necessarily sufficient to form starch in the leaves.
When the requisite amount of light is more accu-
rately known, it should not be difficult to arrange an
apparatus that would automatically register tlie
duration of such light. For moisture records we
already have apparatus.

The question— "Wliat would be the practical use of
such inquiries? — can only come from those un-
acquainted with the history of the sciences. There
tan liardly be named any branch of science in which
knowledge pursued for its own sake has not led to
some discovery that has come to be turned to prac-
tical use. Till we know how starch is formed in tlie
tuber, it is impossible to predict how far that know-
ledge may enable us to control the conditions under
which it is being formed.

With regard to climatic conditions there are two
experiences that may not be generally known. In
growing Potatos in the west of South America, the
first year's crop was like that from which the
" seeds " had been selected. The next year, witli
seed taken from the first year's crop, the Potatos
turned out to be too sweet to be eaten. The same
was found to be the case at Sierra Leone. This was
attributed to the high temperature, and the inference
was, the starch was converted to sugar. In connec-
tion with this tliere is the fact that frost makes some
Potatos sweet. Can the explanation be that Potato-
starch is a stable compound only witliin certain
limits of temperature, and that above and below
that limit it passes to sugar?

There is a point on which uncertainty and differ-
ence of opinion exists. Some cultivators hold that
it should be an aim to keep the plant growing and
prevent it flowering. Powering is said to take up
the " energy '' of a plant and prevent tlie formation
of large tubers. The statement is a vague one, and
it is not clear whether the idea is that the " vital
energy " needed for tuber-growth is diverted to
flower-growth, or whether the material that would
go to produce tubers is used in another form to pro-
duce flowers with their reproductive element. Per-
haps both are meant. Others hold that a good healthy
plant that will run its full course and flower and
bear berries is a better plant for " seeds " for next
year's crop. It may be that there are mysteries
(hidden secrets) about Potato growing that are
known only to the experienced cultivator, but
looked at simply from a botanist's point of view, the
two stiiteraents would seem to imply tiiis: — The
tubers that are grown for eating are not likely to
be good for setting if they flower. In other words,
hinder flowering, if you can, when growing for tabic ;
encourage it, if you can, when growing for seed.
Firstly, are the two ideas correct ? and, secondly, is
it possible to hinder or promote flowering ?

Among otiier important points on which there is
a difference of opinion tliere is the question how long a
particular variety will List. In tlie Ivoyal Commission

evidence it was stated that none lasts more tljan twenty
years. T^is is a subject on which it would be useful
to have exact information, but in relation to which
it appears no printed records exist. If. >S'. M.

Scotland.

NEW PINK, MRS. JAMES MINTY.
This is a very striking and distinct form of the
florists' Pink, raised by Mr. James Minty, an en-
thusiastic amateur of Aberdeen. It is a riclily laced
purple-rose of great size and substance, the petals
being very broad and smooth. Messrs. James Cocker
& Sons, nurserymen, Aberdeen, in whose nursery we
saw it recently, have the stock in hand, and have re-
ceived First-class Certificates for it wherever they
have exhibited it this season.

EXPEBIMENTS WITH RoSES ON DIFFERENT STOCKS.

In the same nurseries we had our attention
directed to some interesting experiments with dif-
ferent varieties of Roses on the Manetti, the seedling
Brier, and the Brier from cuttings. Six lines, about
50 yards in length, were planted side by side
with the stocks named, two lines of each.
Forty of each were budded witli the same sort of
Rose ; thus there were three lots of forty each
growing parallel with each other on the same ground
in precisely the same circumstances, but on different
stocks. Space will not permit us to give full details
of the varieties experimented witli and the results,
but they were very striking and instructive, as may
be gathered from the following instances noted on
the spot :— Her Majesty, on the cutting Brier, pre-
sented a fine even sturdy growth, about 2 feet high,
but on the seedling Brier was unequal, less vigorous,
and somewhat irregular ; while on the Manetti it was
scarcely half a crop and very unequal. Clara Cochet
was best on the Manetti, showing fine equal growth
about 2.} feet high ; on the seedling Brier it was
almost a total failure, and on the cutting Brier was
fairly equal, but less vigorous, and about 1 foot shorter
than those on the Manetti. Fran^oise Levet prefers
tlie Manetti, and showed a fine equal crop of great
strength, and about Zh feet high. On the cutting
Brier, though less vigorous, it was fairly good ; but
on the seedling Brier it was almost a failure. A
collection of Moss Roses was also tried experimentally
on the stocks named in the same quarter, and showed
that they very generally succeed best on the Manetti.
Messrs. Cocker & Sons have only recently instituted
these experiments, and are so much struck with the
results and their practical imjjortance as bearing on
Rose growing, that they intend testing every variety
they grow in the same way, and regulating tlie pro-
duction of their stock in accordance with the lessons
they teach. [Well done, Messrs. Cocker ! ]

Strawberries are grown to a large extent in these
nurseries, and new varieties are tested as they come
out, with the view of proving their suitability to the
locality. The Captain, and King of the Earlies have
been grown for the last two years, and the latter has
been found to be an excellent cropper, and to be of
very fine flavour, with berries of medium size ; while
the former is full and rich-flavoured, with large
berries, and a fair cropper. Both are hardy, and
vigorous growers.

The New Rose, Puritan.
Of this we noticed several plants in flower in one
of the houses. In colour, substance and form the
flowers so much resemble those of a Gardenia that
they might be substituted for the latter appropriately.
It appears to be very floriferous, and will flower con-
tinuously if it be kept growing.

A Perfect Earwig Trap
lias been employed by Messrs. Cocker & Sons among
their Dahlias for the last twenty years. It is formed
of the stems of Hemlock, or some similar Umbellifer,
cut into 6 or 8-inch lengths, open at each end. One
pii.'ce is placed to each plans when it is planted, and

in such a position as tliat it m.ay easily and without
loss of time be drawn out and examined at will. A
boy looks over the traps every morning armed with an
ordinary wine-bottle about half-full of water. The
insects in each trap are blown into the bottle, and
hundreds of plants are thus at very small expense
kept perfectly free from injury from first to last.
The traps are invisible because concealed amongst
the foliage of the plants, and not an insect escapes.

The Largest Yew in Scotland.
We recently had an opportunity of viewing what
is believed to' be the largest common Yew in Scot-
land. It grows in the flower gardens at Ormiston
Hall, Haddingtonshire. Its age is recorded as over
700 years, but as it was then a notable tree it must
be much older. The height of the tree is about
38 feet, the girth of tlie bole at 3 feet from the ground
17 feet, and at 5 feet from the ground 23 feet. At
that point the branches, which are of enormous size.
spring from the stem. The spread of the branches
is about 90 feet. The tree is in splendid health. A
melancholy historical interest attaches to the tree.
Under its' branches George Wishart, the Scottish
reformer, addressed his followers for the last time on
the eve of his arrest by Bothwell at the command of
Cardinal Beaton in the old liouse of Ormiston near
by the spot on w'hich it grows. W. S.

THE SEED TRADE.

A Seedsman's Trial Ground. — I have recently
been looking through the trial ground of Messrs.
Hurst & Son, seed merchants, of Houndsditch ; the
garden, which is 2J acres in extent, and much too
circumscribed, is at the top of Park Hill, on the
Addiscombe side of East Croydon ; and is situate
on an open sunny slope facing due south. I may
mention that this well known firm are making anew
and more extensive trial ground near to Chelmsford,
in Essex, the lease of the Croydon ground having run
out. It is only those \vho are acquainted with the
work of a trial ground of this character that can be
aware of the immense amount of labour involved
and the large expense incurred in carrying out the
details in a thorough manner. The mass of detail is
enormous, and a clear head is required in order to
properly arrange, sow, grow, and take notes of the
many hundreds of samples of seeds annually raised
in such a place. A sample of every bulk that comes into
a seed warehouse is sown, and growth and quality are
alike tested. Tims if twenty growers send in each
a quantity of, say, Veitch's Perfection Pea, a sample
from each is sown and a careful record kept ; a bad
stock is thus traced to its source as well as a good
one. This year there were to be seen growing at
Croydon 412' samples of Peas, 32 of Cress, 26 of
Parsnips, 15 of Spinach, 60 of Radish, 25 of
Parsley, 107 of Lettuce, including Cos and Cabbage
varieties, 100 of Carrot, 187 of Onions, 25 of
Tomatos— a fine lot of jdants in the open air were
just coming into fruiting, 34 of vegetables and
Gourds, 27 of Leeks. 40 of Celeiw, 83 of herbs,
15 of Endive, 53 of Beet, 40 of dwarf Beans, 25
of Runner Beans, 54 of garden Turnips, 100 of
spring Cabbage, 20 of Brussels Sprouts, 28 of
Savoy Cabbage, 40 of Cauliflower, 50 of Kales, 74
of Brocolis, and 43 of sundries, consisting of Capsi-
cums, Corn Salad, Chervil, &c. In addition there were
a large number of samples of flowers seeds, such as
Stocks, Asters, Balsams, Zinnias, Phlox Drummondi,
and all the leading sorts of annuals. I am certain
there are many persons who are ready to charge
upon the seedsmen failures in the growth of seeds
who would be disposed to moderate their harsh
judgments could they but witness the immense pains
taken to ascertain the growth of seeds before they
are sold. Every leading seed-house, and especially
those who do a wholesale trade, have their trial
grounds in wliicli tlie work of testing is not only
done on a large scale, but in the most methodical
manner. The uses of such a trial ground are many.
All novelties are thoroughly tested, and a correct
estimation is formed of their value and distinctness.
Many new things, so called, are found to '•
selections from standard variet'
useful in that they furnish

Acorsr 13, 1887.]

THE flABDENEBS' CHFGNICLE.

193

Then seeds of the very bost are saved, and these
prove invaluable for sending out to p-owers for stock,
to come back in the form of selected strains. Some
articles require the most persistent selection in order
io keep them up to the mark, and it is only in this
way a high character can be obtained. It is not too
much to say that no men are so well informed as to
the characters of oar leading vegetables of all kinds
as those who snperintend a trial gi-ound, and are
almost daily engaged in the task, inspecting sub-
jects and carefully recording their characters.

Plants and Their Culture.

The Flower Garden.

The flower garden will now be at its best, bnt an
immense amount of extra labour has been necessary
in the way of watering, owing to the dry parching
weather. It has been only by continuous soakings of
water that plants have been kept alive. Such
subjects as Violas, Pelargoniums, &c., require weekly
going over to rid them of the rapidly decaying blooms
and seed-pods.

Propagation. — Let the propagation of all stock be
now resolutely prosecuted. Some cuttings of Phloxes
and Pentstemons may be put in a cold fr.ame. but
they will succeed perfectly well next month. Pink
and Carnation cuttings may still be put in, but the
sooner this is done now, the better. Sowings of the
following hardy annuals may now be made, to stand
the winter for early spring flowering: — Saponaria,
Collinsia, Silene, Candytufts, Nemophila, Erysimum,
Lupins, &c. The situation should be sheltered but
not shaded; they will also winter better it the soil is
not over-rich. Some protection should be afforded
them during hard frost, and they can be transplanted
into the beds in early spring.

General Directions. — See that all tall-gi'owing sub-
jects are kept securely fastened to their stakes.
Beds of seedling Hollyhocks should now be gone
over, and all worthless varieties marked for expulsion.
During hot dry weather Auriculas are very subject
to attacks of the greenfly. When the plants are in
active growth the succulent leaves are very sus-
ceptible of injury from tobacco smoke ; the better
way is to dust a little of Pooley's tobacco powder on
to the affected plants, and as soon as the fly is
destroyed lay the plants on their sides and syringe
the dead insects and powder out of the centre of the
plants. Early ofl^sets may still be potted, and ofl^sets
may still be taken if this is not already done. The
better sorts may be put into 60"s, and the more
common varieties can be planted out-of-doors. Some
of our weather prophets say, with the new moon we
are to have a perfect deluge of rain.

Planting and Transplant inrf. — Should the weather
now prove showery, the planting of evergreen trees
and shrubs may be undertaken. Let the pits be opened
2 feet larger than the balls of the plants require, and
the bottom should be picked up a foot deep, to secure
a ready egress for the water, which runs off the hard
surface into the pits. This system of planting is
not to be recommended on this account. The best
way is to trench the ground to a uniform depth,
where planting is to be undertaken, and then there
is no danger from water lodging. If the soil be poor
at the time of planting, some manure should be
added during the process of trenching, and a few
barrowloads of a better kind of loam should be
placed in immediate contact with the roots. Should
the soil be sufficiently moist at planting time, water
should not be given at the roots — rather give the
plants a syringe with the garden-engine occasion-
ally ; roots are more quickly formed when the soil in
immediate contact is in a medium state of moistness.
Roses. — In order to secure a good display of
•autumn Roses much depends on the treatment the
pliints receive while they are making their growth
during the parching weather we are having, and un-
less the plants are copiously watered they are sure to
fall a prey to red-spider, that will cause the growth to
be weak. Surface dribblings are of no use — enough
should be given to penetrate to the lowest roots.
Some mulching should be put over the ground after
watering, to prevent evaporation. Eoses on walls
are generally worse off* for moisture and nutriment
than those in beds, as many of them have their roots
in confined spaces and in ungenial soil. If these
have received liberal washings with the garden en-
i gine they should now be in a very satisfactory con-

dition weak manure-water should be steadily ad-

jgyijred to the roots. Continue to bud anv Rose

prevalent, 'showt .^' ^.TP^"*"^- ,. ^^^ °'^'' ^^''
^ ^. , , -1 loose the ligatures as soon

particular plant were op-, m. BailHe, Luton Hoo.

Stont: Aquatics. — Amongst these interesting-
plants some are found well adapted for growing in
tanks, for ^vhich a convenient position could be
found in most gardens. We have here a limited
experience in cultivating some few kinds, and these
grow quite satisfactorily in a warm-water tank
placed in a stove which is slightly shaded, and
farther from the glass than is thought desirable for
these sun-loving plants. The species groivn are
Limnocharis Huraboldti, an exceedingly attractive
perennial, which grows very freely, throwing out
runners similar to the Stra^vberry, and which pro-

duces neat, bright leave.?, and pretty yellow flowers
in profusion, and although the flowers last but a day,
a continual show is kept up. The plant is increased
by taking off, and potting tlie rooted runners. Sagit-
taria montevidensis is another interesting aquatic,
of which we have two varieties in flower — one having
a chocolate-coloured blotch on each petal, while the
other has a yellow blotch. This fine plant pushes
its flower-spikes to the height of 4 feet, produces
seeds freely, and when well furnished with its erect,
arrow-like foliage, the plant has a striking appear-
ance. It is liable to be infested with aphis, which
may be destroyed by washing with tobacco-water.
Nymph:ca dentata and N. devoniensis likewise do
well in the same tank as the above-named plants, as
also Pontederia azurea, the delicate blue flower-
spikes of which are very beautiful. All these plants
are potted in good loam, in largish pots, the rims of
the pots being placed just under the surface of the
water.

Roman Hyacinths, tfc. — The lists of these now
being distributed remind iis it is time to give our
orders for them and other kinds of early-flower-
ing bulbs that may be wanted. All agree that the
white Roman Hyacinth stands pre-eminent, having
many good qualities to recommend it, amongst
others that of affording good returns for cost and
cultivation. It is cheap in price, and is invaluable

for cut flowers, or to flower in pots for tlie green-
house where early flowers are in request. As with
the later growing Hyacinths, a rich compost, con-
sisting of loam, decayed manure, and gritty sand, is
most suitable. For decorative purposes the best
sized pots to use are 4S's and o2's, putting three
bulbs in the smaller, and six in the larger-sized
pots. In potting, the bulbs, which should be made
moderately firm, should have their points left slightly
above the soil, and be settled by a good watering. A
place upon a bed of ashes in an open, cool frame,
where the pots can be embedded in ashes or cocoa-
nut fibre, and protected with lights from rain, will
suit the plants until they have made enough root
progress to enable them to be forced. Early kinds
uf Tulips, such as Due Van Thol and Narcissus
Paper White and double Roman, with Scilla precox
and Iris reticulata, are desirable subjects for early
forcing, which should likewise be potted as soon as
procured and treated similarly to the Hyacinths.
Thomas C-*omber, Hcndrc, Monmoxith.

The Kitchen Garden.

Seeds to Sow. — Cabbage. — The principal sowing
should now be made to follow the smaller one made
last month. Plants raioed from this sowing will
furnish the supply of Cabbage in spring and sum-
mer, and the varieties should include such as will
ensure a succession. The soil of the intended seed-
beds, after being forked over and made fine, should be
lined out, leaving alleys between of 2 feet in width,
and should be well watered before sowing the seed,
and afterwards, if needful, lightly shading during
the day in bright weather until the young plants are
above ground. Keep the beds clear of ivteds, and
give water when the soil is diy, and an occa.=:ional
dusting of wood ashes, soot, or powdered lime. Toa
thickly placed and weakly plants should be drawn
out and discarded, and the largest and most forward
pricked out into beds and prepared forfinal planting out.
Caul ijimocrs. — From the 20th to the 30th of the
month sow early London, or Pearl Cauliflower, also
Walcheren and Veitch's Autumn Giant to stand
through the winter. These may be sown in the same
manner as advised for Cabbage, and will be available
for pricking out into hand-glasses and frames to
furnish the early supply in spring. The beds should
be hooped over and netted as a protection from birds.
Winter Onions. — The main sowing of these should
be made in shallow drills, 15 inches apart, on good,
rich ground that has been weil manured for a pre-
vious crop; make the surface-soil firm and even
before sowing, afterwards using a light roller to con-
solidate it. In low and damp situations raised beds
are preferable for sowing on, and on these the seeds
may be sown broadcast, or in drills rather closer
together. To keep the ground clear of wireworms
give an occasional top-dressing of soot, the surface-
soil should also be kept clean and open by the use of
the Dutch hoe.

Lcttiwcs. — Sow on raised beds to stand the winter
some of the hardy Cabbage varieties, and again a
fortnight later another sowing should be made.
These, if afforded slight protection in very severe
weather, will come into use long before spring-sown
ones. When large enough the plants should be
thinned sufficiently, so as to stand clear of one
another, and can also be pricked out in other beds.

French Beans. — To prolong the supply of these as
long as possible seeds should be sown in 7 and 8-inch
l)0ts, allowing for five or six plants in a pot, and
sufficient space left for earthing up. The pots may
stand out-of-doors to germinate and make their
growth and become established, removing them into
suitable quarters, later.

General Work. — Continue the earthing-up of
Celery, and be careful to ascertain that the plants
and the soil at their roots are in a thoroughly moist
condition before more earth is added. Earthing-up
should be proceeded with at regular intervals as the
plants progress. The foliage and soil should also be
in a fine and dry condition at the time, and the latter
prevented from entering the centre of the plants.
Where fish-guano or other artificial manure isapplied
it should be sprinkled in the trenches and incor-
porated with the soil, in the first stages of earthing-
up. Lift and store Potatos as they become fit, and
make the last sowings of Turnips on the vacated soil.
IMake good plantings at intervals of Endive and
Lettuces, and also a liberal sowing'ortwo of Radishes
to pull from through the autumn. John Avsten, Witky
Court.

194

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 13, 1887.

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rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
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forwarded 7vith complaint),

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub-
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for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is
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Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6a.

THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE.
Vol. r.. Third Series, JAN. to JU>rE. 1887.
W. RICH-IUDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HE GARDENERS CHRONICLE

IN AJVIEKICA,

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 84.30 for
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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SHOWS.

Trnr'?TlAY 4r< ,r, "'•iS'ngrtoke Horticultural.

TUHbUAl, AK.. re-) flay Cross Horticultural.

( Devon and Exeter Horticultural.
WEDNESDAY, An;. 17 ' "

VRIDAY, Aug. 19— Cheadle Horticultural (two day-).

SALES.

,,_„_,,. ,,„. ,-( Tnidc Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Pro-

MONDA\ , AUG. Uy j^^^„^ j^ jj„„;^. ^^^^^

TuT-T?or^* V at,^. ia 1 Trade Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Pro-
THITISDAI , AUG. 18 ^ j^pj^,^ g^ jjj,^^. jjjj^^j

j,^ t Imported and Established Orchids,

FRIDAY,

t Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

Pierre

TiiK towrn of Mans will in the
course of a few weeks be adorned
with the statue of the eminent
sixteenth century botanist whose name stands at
the head of this notice, but whose claims on the
grateful remembrance of horticulturists are not
so well kno^vn as they should be. Belon was a
traveller and a naturalist, who rendered signal
services to horticulture by the introduction and
cultivation of exotic plants, both useful and
ornamental. It was to his instigation that
T'rance owed the establishment of the two iirst
Botanic Gardens — that of RenS and of .Jean du
Bellay (circa l'">40), more than a century before
the establishment of the existing Jardin des
Plantes at Paris. The evergreen Oaks, the
Judas tree (Cercis Siliqua-strum), the Agnus
Castus, the Sumach, the Eastern .Tuniper, the
Mulberry (both black and white), the Laurustine,
the Jujube, the Arbutus, the Styrax, the Carob,
the Lotos (Uiospyros), the Musk Rose, Rosa
moschata, the Myrtle, with many others, were
introduced into these gardens by Belon'. i\jnong
other plants cultivated at that time in the en-
virons of Mans, Professor Ckie of Rennes, to
whom we are indebted for some of these par-
ticulars, specially alludes to the introduction into
France of the Cedar, the Plane, and the Tobacco
as especially due to Belon. The Mans naturalist
left J''rance in the beginning of 1.047 on an ex-
ploring expedition to the East. He traversed
Italy, Turkey, Syria, [Egvpt, and the peninsula
of Sinai; returned in 1550 to Rome through

Asia Minor and Greece. Some years later Belon
visited England and Spain. On his return to
Paris he commenced the publication of his im-
portant works o;, birds and fishes, the most im-
portant zoological productions of the sixteenth
century.

Belon's other works comprise a volume with
illustrations on cone-bearing and resiniferous
trees — " alj^isque quoque ncnnuUis sempiterna
fronde virentibus," which is short for ever-
greens (!) — as well as an account of the singular
and remarkable things he met with in his travels
— an account translated into Latin by Clusifs,
who also published a Latin version of Belon's
treatise on the defective methods of tree culture
then followed, and on the means of domesticating
(apprivoisir) wild trees. Belon knew that to
render fully available the resources of the vege-
table kingdom plants must be tamed or culti-
vated, the words used by CLrsirs in his trans-
lation being " cicurari et mitescere."

The f'edar of Lebanon is usually supposed to
have Ijeen introduced into I'rance not earlier than
1734, but Belon's works contain a mention of
the tree as existing in France in 1558, or 125
years before the introduction of the tree into
England. The old Cedar in the Jardin des Plantes
at Paris was, it is known, introduced from Eng-
land by Lauhent de JvssiEr in 1 7,34. Belox
remarks that the Cedar in question might be
tamed (to use his expression) as easily as the
Arbor-vitie, the first specimen of which in
Europe was, says M. Crie, brought from
Canada to Francis I.

The Oriental Plane was first grown by Belon
at Touvoie, near Mans, from seed collected by
himself in the Levant. What would our towns
be now without the Plane ? He it was also who
recommended the culture of the opium Poppy in
Europe. In another place he advises the ambas-
sadors to foreign countries to collect and send
home seeds of u.seful trees, remarking that in
many cases the climate was no better, or was even
more severe, than in France. It appears that in
Belon's time Spinach was a novelty in European
gardens, and he seems to have been the first
botanist to mention it.

Tobacco culture, now an important feature in
French agriculture, was started by Belon, seeds
having been forwarded about 1560 by NicoT, the
French Ambassador in Portugal to Catherine
DE Medicir, together with some snuff, of which
Her Majesty speedily became fond.

Without entering into further detail, there-
fore, it is clear that Professor Ceie and his
associates are doing a good work in raising a
monument to the memory of a fellow-countryman,
who did so much to enhance the prosperity and
promote the adornment of his native land.

Few garden scenes even in our
Arcadia. best places in the country convey

the idea of cultui'ed naturalness.
The besetting fault with us is artificiality, as
seen in the smooth tui'f and its hard smooth
outline, straight or curved ; the terrible little
extinguisher Conifers dotted about, the formal
Hollies, the bedding-out of most kinds, the
pattern beds. In how few places do we find any
really artistic combinations ? How can it be
otherwise, when few of our gardeners have had
any training in the gardening art beyond
learning how to sow and propagate in other ways
the few plants demanded in the kitchen and
flower garden — how to grow Grapes, Pines,
Melons, wall fruit, &c. ? At the Crystal Palace,
near London, we have scope for the gardener's
art in other directions than those hitherto

pursued there ; and it might be turned to useful
account by gardeners. There is much that, if
it were done under the eye of a real artist —
a landscape painter for instance, with a good
knowledge of trees, shrubs, and flowering plants
of all kinds and capable of devising many scenes
in those extensive grounds that would be. if not
Arcadian, at least a development of Nature's
resources. Why do the Crystal Palace and many
another park and garden about London tire on
the sight-seer ? It is undoubtedly on account of
the dreary monotony of the arrangements in all
of them. They copy each other, just as the
gentlemen's gardeners in the country copy each
other's gardens, till all variety is lost : and when
you have seen two or three, you may say you
have seen them all.

The grounds round the Sydenham glasshouse
want to be subdivided, and each part treated in a
so far natural but different manner. This would
furnish a number of surprises every few hundred
yards, and would add materially to the pleasures
of the place. Something could surely be
done with that fearfully hideous sheet of water
at the bottom of the gi-onnd, bristling with iron
pipes and chevau.r de /rise of water jets. Sup-
pose that a tall fountain or two were retained,
the others swept away, and a partly rocky par-
terre made with turf, shrubs, perennial plants,
graceful pendulous trees, round-headed ones,
group of Birch, &c. — and yet sufficient space left
for promenaders. As it is, the beholder takes in
almost at a glance the whole of the scene spread
ont before him, and feels but little desire to
explore the grounds, unless he be a total stranger.
The only part hidden is that which properly
secludes the reproductions of fossil animals of
Mr. Waterhouse Hawkins ; and these, instead of
being left in dignified repose, as befits them, are
surrounded by the incongruous noises of the
playground.

The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— A meet-
ing of the Executive Committee took place at South
Kensington on Tuesday last, Mr. Geo. Deal pre-
siding, and there being a good attendance. The
Hon. Secretary, Mr. A. F. Barkon, annoanced that
Baron Schroeder had given a donation of £25, and
Baron Ferdinand de Kothschild, M.P., one of £5
to the Fund. A memorial to the City Companies
and to the Corporation of London was approved;
also a list of suggested Local Secretaries, and a draft
circular to each of the persons invited to act in this
capacity was approved of. A letter was read from
Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans, stating it to be his inten-
tion to have a box placed in his nursery, and visitors
will be invited to place donations to the Fund in it.
Subscriptions, and the names of new subscribers, flow
in dailv.

Phylloxera Regulations in Germany.—

The following official regulations referring to the
introduction of living plants into (lemiany have
i)een sent to us for publication : —

" Notice respecting the importation and exporta-
tion of plants and other articles from vineyards and
gardens, July 12, 1883.

" The importations of all seedlings, shrubs, and
other plants, which do not belong to the category of
Vines, coming from botanical gardens, gardens, or
hothouses, shall only take place across tlie frontier
of the Empire at the following Custom-houses: —

" a. In 7?/(.«.«w. — Head Custom-houses at Myslo-
witz, Liebau, Danzig, Stettin, Flensburg. Aix-la-
Chapelle (inclusive of the Custom-house office in the
railway station at Templerbend), and Emmerich
(inclusive of tlie two Custom-house offices for ships
there) ; the Custom-house office at the railway
station, Luxemburg ; the sub-Custom-houses at
Woyens and Weener.

" b. In Bavaria. — Head Custom-houses at Lindau,
Passau, Simbacli,and Furth (on Bohemian frontier);

August 13, 1887.]

THE GABDEXEBS' CHRONICLE.

195

sub- Custom - houses at Kufstein, Salzburg, and
Eger.

"c. Ill the Kin<}(lom of Saxony. — Head Custom-
houses at Zittau and Schandau ; sub-Custom-liouses
at Bodenbaeh, Tetschen. and Voitersreuth.

"rf. Ill Wurtcmburg. — Head Custom-house at
Friedrichsehafen.

" c III Baden. — Head Custom-house at Constance ;
Custom-house offices at the railway stations of
Schaffhausen and Basel.

"/. -^'* Alsace-Lorraine. — Sub-Custom-houses: 1,
at Feutsch, Nov^ut, Amanweiler, Deutsch-A^Ti-
couTt, Chambrey, Markirch, Saales, Altmiinsterol.
Basel, and Diedolshausen ; sub-Custom-House : 2,
at Urbis.

" Notice of November 13. 1883. — Hamburg Custom-
house.

"Notice of March 1, 1884.— Custom-houses at
Bremerhaven and Bremen.

"Notice of May 31, 1884.— Royal Saxon sub-
Custom-house of the first class at Reizenhain.

"Notice of June 19, 18S4. — Railway station,
Waldshut, and the sub-Custom-house at Erzingen,
in the Grand Duchy of Baden.

" Notice of June 8, l.'WO.— Head Custom-house at
Sackingen. in Grand Ducliy of Baden-Baden."

"Studies in Microscopical Science."— We

have had frequent occasion to mention this excel-
lent periodical. Those ivho are desirous of obtaining
a knowledge of the elements of vegetable physio-
log}' and minute anatomy should procure this
periodical and its accompanying preparations. J. G.
HisraoND & Co., 13(5, Edmund Street, Birmingham,
are the publishers.

"The Natural Families of Plants."—

The last number of this German publication, edited
by Professors Englee and Pkantl, and of which we
have before spoken in terms of commendation, is
devoted to the Arads, by Dr. Esgleb.

The Dodo. — As we anticipated, the Plymouth
Strawberry, alluded to at p. 164. has been in hiding
for some time. Canon Ellacojiue reminds us that he
showed it to us in his garden so long since as 1875.

Irish Natural History.— Mr. A. G. More,

M.A., F.L.S., Sec, who has done so much good
work in connection with the natural history of
Ireland, and who a few years ago succeeded the late
Dr. Cabte as Curator of the Dublin Natural History
Museum, is about to resign his appointment owing
to an unfortunate illness, which precludes his
exerting himself with his former activity. Mr.
MoEE's published work is widely known, and his
resignation, and its cause, are matters of extreme
regret to his many scientific friends, ilr. More
wrote the " Fauna and Flora of the Isle of Wight "
in Venable's Guide, 1871 ; and in co-operation with
the late Dr. D. Moobe, of Glasnevin, he produced
the Cybele Hibernica, an elaborate work dealing
with the presence and distribution of the Irish
flora. A ^second edition of this useful book
is now being undertaken. Among Mr. JIobe's dis-
coveries as a collector we may note Scirpus parvulus
and Aira uliginosa, and he was the first to find the
pretty little Orchid Neotinea intacta in Britain. A
long paper in the Ibis for 1866 deals systematically
with '■ The Distribution of British Birds during the
Nesting Season," and follows Watson's arrangement
of provinces and formulai as far as possible. This is
a most valuable paper, as also is one entitled
" Dredging, Ornithology, and Fishes of Ireland." In
the form of guidebooks Jlr. More has WTitten A
List oj Irish Birds, showing the species contained in
the Natm-al HistoiT JInseum, Dublin, as also a
Guide to the Vertebrate Animals, Part I. containing
the mammals and birds. During his twenty years
service in the Dublin Museum Mr. Mobe has en-
deared himself to many by his geniality, and by his
willing help freely given to other naturalists, all of
whom regret the cause of his resignation, and at pre-
sent he is the highest authority and historian on the
plants of Ireland.

The York and Lancaster Rose.— At the

Scientific Committee, on a recent occasion. Dr.
Lowe exhibited a Rose with a white and a red

flower growing from the same stalk. Such instances
are well known to the curious in such matters ; but
Dr. Loaves point was, that this was the original
York and Lancaster Rose, substantiating his opinion
by that of the late Rev. H. Ellacombe, whose
opinion in such matters would have very great
weight. Turning, however, to Parkixson. we find
the following entry, which bears ont the popular
notion : —

" Rosa versicolor, the party-coloured Rose, of
s03ie yorke axd lancaster.

"This Rose, in the forme .and order of the grow-
ing, is neerest unto the ordinary damaske Rose, both
for stemme, branch, leafe, and flower ; tlie diflerence
consisting in this — that the flower (being of the
same largenesse and doublenesse as the damaske Rose)
hath the one halfe of it, sometimes of a pale whitish
colour, and the other halfe of a paler damaske colour
than the ordinary ; this happeueth so many times,
and sometimes also the flower hath divers stripes
and markes in it, as one leafe white, or striped with
white, and the other halfe blush, or striped with blush ;
sometimes also all striped, or spotted over, and other
times little or no stripes or markes at all, as Nature
listeth to play with varieties, in this as in other
flowers. Yet this I have observed, that the longer
it abideth blowen open in the sun the paler and the
fewer stripes, markes, or spots will be scene in it :
the smell whereof is of a weake damaske Rose sent."
Parkinson's Paradism, p. 414.

Shakespeare evidently had two Roses in view, as
may be seen from the following extract from
Henry VI., Part I., act ii., sc. 4 :—

" Temple Gardens.
" Plantagenet. Since you are tongue-tied and so loath
to speak.
In dumb significants proclaim your thoughts.
Let him that is a true-born gentleman
And stands upon the honour of his birth.
If he suppose that I have pleaded truth
From off this Brier pluck a wliite Rose with me.

that

no coward nor no

Somerset. Let hii

flatterer.

But dare maintain the party of the truth.
Pluck a red Rose from off this Thorn with me."

Conifer Nomenclature.— At the time of the

International Horticultural Exhibition lately held
in Dresden, a congress was held, under the pre-
sidency of Herr Hofmarschall vox St. Paul, to
consider the establishment of a system of uniform
nomenclature for Conifers. In order to effect this,
says the Garteiiflora, Garden-Inspector Beissnee
(Brunswick) drew up a classified catalogue of all the
species and forms of Conifers that are hardy in
Germany. It is claimed for this list that it can be
understood at first sight, and that it makes confusion
an impossibility. In trade catalogues, for example,
it is usually found that the plants are either arranged
in alphabetical order, or else that Pines, Larches,
Firs, Hemlocks, Douglas Firs, and "white" Firs, are
all to be found under Finns, or the last four under
Abies, so that it is impossible to understand what
plant is really meant. In the classification adopted
by Beissner the " white " Firs, Firs, &c., are not
only divided into species, but also into varieties :
they are arranged accurately according to their
species, and as the synonyms are also given, no
difficulty is found in recognising a plant. The clas-
sification is mainly based on Bentham and Hooker's
Genera Plantaruiii, includes the most modern scien-
tific researches on the subject, and gives the origin
of the species in the manner most approved of by
recent investigators. The Conifera^ group is divided
into six great divisions — Cupressineaj, Taxodieai,
Taxeie, Podocarpea;, Araucaria^. Abietinea: ; and
these again into forty genera. It was unanimouslv
decided that Herr Beissxeb's nomenclature answers
the^presentj necessity, and Herr Hofmarschall vox
St. Paul, Beissner, and Z.abel, were authorised
to give the greatest possible publicity to this mode
of classification. To perfect Herr Beissner's cata-
logue, a register of the mean winter temperature,
and an alphabetical index, are to be added, which
latter will greatly facilitate the discovery of the

innumerable synonyms. The pamphh't is to he sold
at a reasonable price, so as to be accessible to every-
body.

Flower Farming in Southern France.—

The following note on the flower-farms of Southern
France is from a recent Consular Report on the trade
of the district of Nice for 1880 : — The cultivation at
Nice, and other places in this district, of flowers for
exportation to the North during the winter months
is on the steady increase. This industry is a great
resource for this district, flower gardens having
superseded Olive groves in many places since the
five years failure of the Olive crop up to 1885. Its
origin is due in great measure to the well known
Nicois author, Alphonse Ivarr, who brought his
scientific lore and artistic .skill to bear on the
cultivation of flowers in his now famous gar-
dens at Nice and St. Raphael for foreign exporta-
tion. His example has been steadily followed, and
now extensive companies have been floated for the
growth and exportation of the most exquisite and
varied kinds of flowers to supply the markets of the
Northern capitals during the winter. Special facilities
have been granted by the Paris-Lyon-Mediterran&
Railway Company for their rapid conveyance North.
The growth of Orange flowers, Roses, Jasmine, and
Tuberoses, for perfumer}', is also steadily increasing
in this department, and most favourable results have
been obtained during the year.

"BotanicalMagazine."— The August number
contains illustrations of the following plants: —

Rhododendron grande var. roseum. Hook, fil., t.
6948. — A deep rose-coloured variety of the Rhododen-
dron introduced by Sir Joseph Hooker from Sikkim,
and at one time known as R. argenteum.

Eseallonia revoluta, Persoon, t. 6949. — An autumn
flowering shrub, with small ovate, pubescent leaves
and terminal spikes of narrow tubular white flowers.
It is a native of Chile, and is figured from the Cam-
bridge Botanic Garden.

Narerissus cyclamineits, Hawokth, t. 6950.

Alseimmia maerophylla, t. 6951.— A New Zealand
shrub, with opposite, stalked, oblong-lanceolate, ser-
rate leaves, and axillary tufts of rather large, trumpet-
shaped fragrant flowers ; the corolla-lobes are serrated.
Some difficulty has hitherto been experienced to cul-
tivate this shrub, but it has been recently introduced
by Mr. Loder, who sent two plants to Kew, one of
which flowered in February of the present year.

Ipoiiupa Robertsii, t. 6952. — A new species, described
by Sir Joseph Hooker, having cordate, acute, vel-
vetty leaves. The flowers are large, trumpet-shaped,
white, with broad central lilac stripes in the centre
of each petal. It is a native of Queensland.

Royal Agricultural and Botanical So-
ciety OF Ghent. — On September 4 and 5 next,
the Society will hold an exhibition of Dahlias,
Gloxinias, Gladioli, Pinks, Marguerites, and tuber-
ous Begonias ; and on November 13 and 14 an exhi-
bition of Chrysanthemums. These exhibitions are
open to all comers. M. Edmond Claus, Assistant-
Secretary to the Society, 20, Rue Digne de Brabant,
Ghent, should be communicated with on the subject
by those who intend to exhibit.

Forage Plants. — LTnder the title of Plants
that Furnish Stock Food at the Cape, Professor
Macowan has published a little pamphlet relating
to the plants suitable for sheep sustenance in South
Africa. Of these the most valuable are Pentzia
virgata, Adenachcena parvifolia, Diplopappus filifo-
lius. The culture of a spineless variety of Opuntia
is recommended for dry situations, as well as various
Chenopods, such as species of Atriplex and Jlesem-
bryanthemums. Those who have to deal with stock
feeding in a drv and barren land should read this
serviceable pamphlet.

Monograph of Amaryllidace>e. — Culti-
vators and others interested in bulbous plants will
be pleased to learn that Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., of

196

THE GABDENEBS' CHI? ONI CLE.

[AuocsT 13, 1887.

the Koyal Gardens, Kew, has prepared a monograpli
in English of the whole of the plants comprised in
the great Amaryllis order, and which will shortly be
published. Mr. B.4ker has done a great deal more
than most botanists of that kind of work which
gardeners can appreciate as well as botanists, and
in preparing the above work he renders gardeners an
especial service, for which we are sure tliey will be
grateful. The Amaryllis family includes hosts of
beautiful garden plants, many of which, howevei-,
owing partly to our ignorance of them, and partly to
the confusion of their nomenclature, rendering it
impossible for one to '* get the grip " of them, are
almost unknown in gardens. That this is the case
we may quote as evidence the opinion of one authority
on garden bulbs, who, when asked if such a work could
be prepared, said that both he and another bulb enthu-
siast had concluded that it was impossible. But Mr.
Baker has accomplished it, and we may be certain
that he has done it as thoroughly as he did the
Ferns, Irids, Pseonies, Cyclamens, and hosts of other
valuable work, with which our columns have been
enriched.

Manchester Botanic and Horticultural

Society. — A grand autumnal fruit and flower show
will be held in the Koyal Jubilee Exhibition Build-
ing on the 16th and 17th of next month. Schedules
will shortly be issued, and may be had from Mr.
Bkuce Eindlay, Botanic Garden, Manchester.

ArABIS ALPINA in SkyE.— Mr. H. C. Haht, a
thoroughly competent observer, announces in the
Jotirnal of Botmiy the discoveiy of this plant on one
of the mountains of Skye.

Strawberries in Manitoba.— The Canadian

correspondent of the Liverpool Journal of Commerce
says ; — " That small fruit can be successfully gro\vn
in Manitoba has been settled by the experience of a
great many people. A sample of the berries was
sold at Winnipeg, at 30 cents per quart. Currants,
Gooseberries, Raspberries, and Blackberries all do
well."

Karl Meyer.— The death of this gentleman in
his eighty-third year is announced as having occurred
on July 14. Mr. Meyee was the Director of the
Grand Ducal Gardens at Karlsruhe.

The Royal Botanic Society.— The forty-
eighth anniversary meeting was held at the Gardens,
Regent's Park, on Wednesday last, Mr. J. P. Gassiot,
Vice-President, in the chair. The annual reports fi'om
the Council and auditors congratulated the Fellows on
the satisfactory condition of the Society, the elections
of new Fellows beiug thirty-six above the number
joining last year, and also in excess of those of 1884
and 1885. The total receipts, £6581, also much ex-
ceeded last year. The visitors, not only on ordinary
days, but at the fetes, &c., were also much in excess.
The collections of trees, shrubs, exotic and other
plants have been maintained in perfect health and
vigour, while many new and rare plants, fruits, seeds,
&c., from various parts of the world have been added.
In the Meteorological Department, the favourable
situation of the station and the general reliability of
the instruments, are making the readings of greater
value and more sought after each year.

Cinchona Culture in Victoria. — Many

years ago plants of several specii'S of Cinchona were
reared and distributed for test culture in the colony
of Victoria by Baron voN Mueller. Among these
some were entrusted to Mr. G. W. Robinson, of the
Western Port District, who cultivated them, with
many otiier industrial plants, at his estate near
Berwick, which is more forestral, and has a milder
climate, than the immediate vicinity of Melbourne.
Some years since Mr. Robinson's plants not only
produced flowers, but ripened seeds also, from
which seedlings were raised. We learn now, with
interest, that an analysis of the bark of these Ber-
wick trees by Mr. W. E. Matthews gave the per-
centage of alkaloids as 6,}. This fact is significant.

as it is thereby demonstrated for the first time that
Cinchonas grown in lowlands will also produce a fair
quantity of alkaloids, so that the culture of these
valuable plants has also for commercial purposes a
far wider scope than was generally anticipated. The
village of Berwick belongs quite to the coast region,
it being only about 100 feet above the sea-level,
while its distance from Melbourne is less than
thirty miles.

A Fire, presumably caused by a spark from a
traction engine, raged for some days on the estate
of Mr. W. E. Brymer, High Sheriff of Dorset, at
Ilsington, on the road from Dorchester to Wareham.
A large number of men were engaged endeavouring
to subdue the outbreak. In this they were not
successful until an area comprising nearly two miles
had been destroyed. An extensive Pine wood, several
miles in extent, and adjoining the heath, was saved
only by the merest chance. A favourable wind for-
tunately aiding the eflforts of the men. a block of
farm buildings, stored witli valuable agi'ieultural pro-
duce and iiu])lemcnts, narrowly escaped.

Trade Notices,

The business carried on for so many years by the
l.ate Louis de Smet at Ghent is. we are informed,
continued by his son, Arthur de Smet, under the
same title, Louis de Smet, Ledeberg, near Ghent. — A
receiving order was made on July 30, against Samuel
Eliott, of Saint's Hill, Alphington, and the Exeter
Nursery, carrying on business as a nurseri'man, under
the style of Lucombe, Pince & Co.

DEVIZES CASTLE.

(See Supplementaby Sheet.)
Devizes Castle stands in a very romantic and
pleasing position, and is, indeed, well adapted for a
gentleman's residence. Very fine views of the sur-
rounding country are obtained from the grounds ; on
a fine clear morning the spire of Steeple Ashton
Church is plainly visible, though some miles distant.
At one time Devizes Castle was the " goodliest " and
most " sumptuous " in England. It was built by
Roger, Bishop of Old Sarum, who had a curious and
chequered history. The Castle itself had as chequered
a histoiy, and at one time was used as a state prison.
The antiquary Leland, who visited Devizes in the
year 1540, said that a great portion of it had fallen
into ruin, the material having been used for other
buildings in the town of Devizes. A remarkable
part of the Castle was the keep, which has been
thro^vn open by the present owner, Robert Valentine
Leach, Esq., who resides at his Villa Valentina,
Bordighera, in Italy, This gentleman has built a
splendid residence, in the form of a castle, on the
ancient site, and laid out the grounds.

The pleasure grounds at the Castle can be seen at
their best just now, the beds of flowers on the slopes
contrasting well with tlie lovely green of the foliage
which abounds. The Trefoil bed in the centre of
the lawn is planted with zonal Pelargonium Henri
.Jacoby ; large plants were used for all the centres,
finishing off with short ones as margins : each seg-
ment of the Trefoil bed thus forms a mound, edged
with Echeveria secunda glauca. A bed which occu-
pies the site of the old banquetting hall, 54 feet in
length and 9 feet in width, is filled witli bedding
Calceolaria Golden Gem, and dotted all over with a
very dark-leaved variety of Ricinus communis, and
the effect is remarkably good. Other beds are filled
with various Calceolarias, pink Pelargoniums, and
such scarlet-flowered varieties as General Havelock,
David Thomson, Dr. Orton, and others. A border
by what is known as the Rampart Walk is filled with
subtropical plants, such as Palms, variegated Aloes,
Ficus elastica, tall plants of Echeveria metallica, &c.
There are to be seen some nice specimens of Conifers,
such as Cupressus Lawsoniana, Thuiopsis dolabrata
variegata, and a Wellingtonia that Mr. Thomas
King, the gardener at the Castle, planted out of a

small flower-pot in the year 1861 ; it is now 54 feet
in height, and measures 12 feet round the trunk
1 foot from the ground.

No description of the garden can be complete
without some mention of the I\'y banks and walls
which give so much character to the ruins of the
old Castle. They are literally hidden from view by
this "rare old plant," and winter and summer alike
they furnish matter of welcome green. The banks
of Pernettya mucronata are a feature in the Castle
garden also.

Close by is a dome-shaped conseiTatory, connected
with the Castle by means of a corridor ; in the con-
servatory there are some fine specimen Palms, Ferns,
Cycas revoluta. Fuchsias, 7 and 8 feet in height,
and full of bloom ; and such climbing plants as
Lapagerias and Tacsonias. On the roof there is a
plant of the old Fuchsia corallina. which is very
showy at the blooming time.

The kitchen garden is on the south side of the
Castle, and is in the form of terrace above terrace.
There are four vineries, planted with such sorts of
Grapes as Black Hamburgh, Muscat, and Alicante,
and Mr. King is able to cut the former at 3^ lb.
weight, and the latter at 0.} lb. The early Peach-
house is 50 by 14 feet, and is planted with the
American Alexander Peach and Lord Napier, and
fruit of the former fetch in London, in April, 60s.
per dozen. The second Peach-house is 50 feet long,
and is planted with Hale's Early, Dr. Hogg, and
Bellegarde Peaches and Humboldt Nectarine. The
third house is 100 by 15 feet, with the trees planted
back and front, of the best sorts and in the best
health. The fourth Peach-house is 64 feet long,
and contains good trees of the Dymond, Princess
of Wales, and the Nectarine Peaches, and one tree
of Balgowan Nectarine. There are other small houses
for plants, propagating purposes, &c.

Strawberries do well at Devizes. Mr. King gets
his young plants all the way from Driffield, as he
finds by experience it is best to have the young
))lants from a distance. The sorts that do best are
Dr. Hogg, President, and Sir Joseph Paxton. In this
garden, owing to its sunny, sheltered position, Straw-
berries come verA' early in the open.

Mr. Thomas King, who has charge of the gardens,
is one of the best known gardeners in the West of
England, and is greatly esteemed among his brother
gardeners, and by all who know him. He came to
Devizes Castle in the year 1860, having been recom-
mended by the late Mr. Robert Pince, in whose
nursery at Exeter he was employed. He has been
steward as well as gardener of the estate for tlie past
eight vears.

HOLLYHOCKS.

Those of our readers who were present at the
two latest shows of the Royal Horticultural Society'
could not have done otherwise than notice the
Hollyhocks exhibited on both occasions by Mr.
J. Blundell, The Nurseries, Kartell Road, West
Dulwich, S.E.. whose fine blooms and spikes show
that Hollyhocks may still be had of as fine quality
and of as large size as in days now gone by, before
the dreadful disease which almost expelled these
plants from our gardens became prevalent. We have
recently visited the grounds where Mr. Blundell
grows his plants, and where he has at the present
moment large supplies of plants in all stages of
growth, both from cuttings and seeds.

Hollyhocks, especially the double sorts, are very
effective planted at the back of any flower border,
and backed again by tall growing shrubs, or
trees of any sort. At Dulwich it is found that a
capital soil is to be made by the emplovment of what is
known as sewer-siind, which is added to good loam with
a little leaf-mould and cliarcoal — a li.eht porous, soil.
Although of course severely burnt by the recent spell
of almost tropical heat and great dryness we have had
near London, the Hollyhocks under notice formed a
fine show, and spoke well of what had been. We took
special note of the varieties which struck us as being
particularly good, and the following is a selection
of those which could be grown with profit : —

Mrs. Charman, pale cinnamon-buff in colour, and
of a good form, with fairly prominent guards ; Prin-

AcGosT 13, 1887.]

TEE GAJRDENEB3' CHRONICLE.

197

cess Beatrice, pale primrose, and good guards ; Ethel
Blundell, very pale primrose-butF: all of which are
new sorts. Princess of Wales, certificated last year,
is a good sort, salmon-pink, and of good compact
form. A pure white variety has the name of
Venus, and it promises to be useful for
wreath work, &c. ; it is the best and purest
white which we saw ; there is certainly a tinge
of yellow in it, but it is very slight ; the guard
petals in this variety are large and full. The first
crimson may be put down as A. F. Barron, which
shows up remarkably well when the sunlight is
playing on it. Closely related to this is Shirley
Hibberd, a very serviceable kind. Henry Irving is a
good purplish flower, but the lighter colours are more
satisfactory than these darker ones — at least, so our
inclination runs. A bright one is Aurea, golden-
yellow, with very good guards ; and Mary Anderson
is a good cream; while for peculiar colouring, Miss
Ronpell, bronze, tipped with golden-yellow, is effec-
tive. Miss Anstey is a decorative sort, with large
guards and a fairly well-filled centre, flesh colour,
and produces flowers freely. Helen is white, with
lake base ; it is a pretty sort, but selfs are better.
Several seedlings were also noticed which pro-
mise to be good varieties. This is a list of
some few sorts.

Why not grow more Hollyhocks ? We believe
an advance is being made, but the disease frightens
many people. If, by any ill-luck, it appears, do
not hesitate, but immediately burn all the affected
plants. Mr. Blundell says ; " Don't coddle, but grow
the young plants up as hardily as possible." And
with him his plan is certainly a success. There is
A maggot which attacks the flower just when the
seed is forming, and those who want to save seed
must pay close attention to its ravages, pulling out
and burning the dying petals, when the maggot will
.also, of course, be destroyed.

Hollyhocks were what we went to see, but we are
obliged to mention the fine crop of ft-uit — Apples,
Pears, and Plums, especially Victorias, which Mr.
Blundell has ; indeed, it was found necessary to give
the trees support by propping up the branches.

special interest in bricks and mortar, In a future
edition we would recommend the author to expand
his remarks on the question of rating, and we should
be glad to read the opinion of so independent a
thinker on decorative gardening in association, with
architecture.

Notices of Books.

NouvELLE Flore . . . des Environs de Paris,
ETC. Par Gaston Bonnier et George de Layens.
Paris: Bailliere (nodate ; received, April, 1887).
Though devoted to the wild plants of the neigh-
bourhood of Paris chiefly, this little volume comprises
also the commoner plants of central France. Th
plan adopted consists of a series of analytical
tables arranged on the logical basis that each plant
has certain characteristics but has not certain others
thus a plant has flowers, or it has none ; it hag
stamens and pistils on the same plant, or it has not
and so forth. Presuming that the specimen is in a
sufficiently complete state this means enables the
student rapidly and decisively to arrive at the name
of the plant he requires. In addition to these aids
small but characteristic woodcuts are given, so as to
reduce the labour of the reader as much as possible.
Of course the student must be prepared to take some
amout of trouble, but we do not know any book of
its kind where the preliminary labours are more
lightened than they are in this work, which will be a
boon to French students. For students of other
nations, the adoption of the French popular names as
primary instead of subsidiary headings is a nuisance,
against which it seems useless to protest.

Handbook of House Property, etc. By
Ed. L. Tarbuck. (Crosby Lockwood & Co,)
An excellent little manual, dealing with the laws
affecting land and houses, the practice of valuations,
and the procedure in building houses. The last
chapter, on the nature and applications of the fine
arts, is an essay which may be read with gi-eat
interest and general assent by many who have no

KEW NOTES.

Plumeria acutifolia. — This beautiful plant may
now be seen in flower in the Succulent-house at
Kew. It is related to the Frangipani, and, like that
plant, its large white flowers emit a delightful
fragi-ance. They last a long time, the Kew specimen
having been in flower nearly a month, and is iu flower
still. Usually tlie Plumerias do not bloom until
they have attained a large size — become trees, in fact ;
but it appears possible, by certain treatment, to get
them to flower at an early age. Such, at least, seems
probable by this plant at Kew. which is a seedling
with an unbranched stem 4 feet high, about five
years old, and having a head of flowers nearly 1 foot
across. P. acutifolia is the Gool-achin, or Cara-
cucha, of India, where it is commonly planted in
cemeteries, because it keeps the graves white with
its fall of fragrant flowers. The stems are thick and
very succulent, and when wounded they exude a
milky juice. To flower Plumerias it is necessary
to grow them in a hot, moist, sunny house all
summer, watering and syringing them freely ; in
wiuter they must be kept quite dry, and in an airy
warm house. W.

Pbotea cynaroides.

We do not often see flowers of these plants now-a-
days, although many years ago they were favourites
iu almost every ]>lant collection of any pretensions.
Last year, however, the above species was CKhibitcd
at one of the meetings of the Royal Horticultural
Society at South Kensington, and this year again
there has been at Kew for several weeks a plant bear-
ing a flower. " Not one flower, but many in one." is
the superscription of a picture of this Protea in the
"North "Gallery, and such indeed is the case, although
the immense head is arranged as if it were a gigantic
flower composed of a single row of erect petals
enclosing a great cluster of stamens, aptly likened to
a huge tassel. At the Cape, about Graharastown,
this Protea is so abundant, clothing the sloping hill-
sides for miles, that when in flower it is the object of
a kind of pilgrimage from the colonists of the neigh-
bourhood— a sort of " Chestnut Sunday," in fact.
There the flowers are kno\vn as " Honey-flowers,"
from the fact that a sweet saccharine juice is secreted
by them so copiously that at certain times it may be
poured out of the flower-head. The Boers are said
to make a kind of sugar from this secretion. W.

Bhunsvigia v. CnifnjM.
The characters by which these two genera are
separated from each other do not appear to be known
to the editors of our contemporary, the lUustratum
Hortwole, or they could not have named two plants
flgured in that paper Brunsvigia (?) Massaiana, and
B. (?) magnifica. The former is published in the
number for the present month, and is described as
having a large, long-necked bulb, long, broad, chan-
nelled, recurved leaves, and large heads of flowers on
tall scapes. The flowers are creamy-white, with a
carmine stripe down the middle of each segment.
Both tigure and description clearly depict a Crinum
of the C. zeylanicum group — possibly a variety only
of that species, which is evidently a very variable
one. A variety of it, flowered recently at Kew, was
obtained from the same country as the so-called
Brunsvigia Massaiana is said to hare come from, viz.,
Zanzibar, and forms of it are common all along the
south-east coast of Africa.

The figure published as B. magnifica in 1885, t.
.'5.52, represents a Crinum closely related to C. zey-
lanicum. It also is described as having large bulbs,
long canaliculate leaves, rather short stout scapes,
large heads of flowers, which are figured with spread-
ing reflexed segments, creamy-white, with a purplish

line down the middle of each. All this means
Crinum, certainly, and not Brunsvigia at all.

Crinuras have long slender cylindrical flower-tubes
formed by the segments being united at the base,
and narrowed to a thin pipe down to the ovary. The
fruit is succulent and valveless, and the seeds are
generally large.

Brunsvigias may be called big Nerines, being more
like the plants of that genus than Crinums. The
tube is eitlior absent, or, if present, little more than
annular, the segments springing almost direct from
the ovary; and the fruit is a three-cornered turbinate
capsule, almost winged. Then Brunsvigias flower
when they are leafless, exactly as in Nerine, and of
course quite different from what happens in the case
of Crinums, especially of the zeylanicum group,
which make a cluster of large leaves before flower-
ing. W.

The Apiary.

ROBBING.

The honey season being now over, the beekeeper
must look well to his liives to see that robbing does
not take nlace ; for once robbing is set up whole
hives may be destroyed. When I was gaining my
experience I took some honey out of a hive in the
middle of the day (itself a very foolish thing to do in
the middle of the day at this season), and put it into
an empty hive in the apiary, blocking up all entrances.
I then went out for a few hours, thinking all was
right, and on returning I found the bees had either
found an entrance or made one, and that every scrap
of the honey was gone. Seeing hosts of dead bees
lying about, I examined the hives further. The
next hive to this empty one was not very strong,
and, taking advantage of this and the general uproar,
robbers entered ; fighting ensued, and every bee was
turned out and the honey removed. In all the other
hives fighting had been carried on to a greater or
less extent, as shown by the dead lying in front.
The disappointment was so great to me tliat I
resolved for the future to act more cautiously. I
repeat what I said before, as it is all-important, viz..
Do not meddle with the hives in the middle of the
day when the honey season is over, but leave all
manipulations till the bees are all at home in the
evening. Also remove the honey right away from
the apiary. Do your extracting in the evening. It
would also be as well to partially close the entrances
for some time to come, so as only to allow a bee or
two to pass at once. If the bees are still very stub-
born there are other ways of curing them. It is a
good plan to change the places of robbers and robbed
for a short time. This will be found a marvellous
cure ; for the bees, when under the robbing excite-
ment, seem to forget what they are doing, so that
when the hives are changed as above the robbers
will be robbing their own hive, and taking it into the
hive they intended to rob. After a little while they
seem to be hopelessly muddled, like the man was
who discovered he was his own grandfather. When
this is the case remove the bees to their proper
stands, and the robbing propensities will probably be
cured.

I find by some inadvertence I left out the word
" quoting " in my last article, which word should be
read after the words British Bee Journal. Walter
Chitty, Fcwst'y.

PLANT PORTRAITS.

Alocasia Villenectei, Lind. et E. Rodigas, Illtts-
trallon Horticole, July, 1887, t. 21. Borneo.

Dendbobidm iNFCNDiBULnM, Lindley, Garlenflora,
t. 1253.

Odontoolossum bictonense, Gartenjiora^ June 15»
t. 1250, c.

Oncididm hians, Lindley, Gartenflora, June 15, t.
1250, A, D.

Saxifhaga i.ongifolia X COTYLEDON, Garteiiflora,
June 1, 1887, t. 1249.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 13, 1887

SONERILAS.

The accompanyiug illustration (fig, 48) repre-
sents some seedling varieties raised in the establish-
ment of M. Pynaert van Geert, of Ghent. A large
number was raised, varying greatly in depth of color-
ation. They require a warm moist stove, and thrive
best under a bell-glass placed in a frame ; neverthe-
less access of air should be provided for by raising
the edge of tlie glass. Syringing should be avoided,
as the leaves are destroyed by that process. The
stems of all the varieties are of a pale rose colour,
while the ovate-oblong leaves are deep green on the
upper surface, but variously spotted and blotched
with white — to such an extent, indeed, in two cases,
"M. de Warelles" and "Joseph Koch," that the
nerves only remain green, the whole disc of the leaf
being, with the exception named, milky-white. A
coloured illustration of these varieties is given in the
last number of the Revue dc I' Horticulture Bchjc.

Fruits Under Glass.

boxes, by keeping the roots well supplied with tepid
diluted liquid manure when the plants are in bearing,
and in other respects treating them the same as
those growing in borders, and which, owing to their
having more scope for root action, will not require
water at the roots so often. A night temperature of
from 65° to 70° should be maintained in the absence
of severe weather, but should a low temperature pre-
vail outside, 5° less will do: 70° to 75° during the
day with fire-heat, running the temperature up to
10° higher with sun-heat, and plenty of atmospheric
moisture in the house at shutting up time, early in
the afternoon. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

MoRELLO Cherries. — Whatever fruit is required
for bottling purposes it should not be allowed to
hang too long on the trees ; the best time for gather-
ing for this purpose being when the fruit is changing
from the light to the dark colour. In gathering, take
the forwardest fruits, so that the later ones can be kept
hanging as long as possible for culinary and dessert
purposes. Peaches and Nectarines that are ripening

late Thomas Moore. We are indebted to Mr. Pynaert,
of Ghent, for the opportunity of presenting oui'
readers with an engraving of the novelty (fig. 49).

Home Correspondence.

DROUGHT EXPERIENCES.— I should think most
observers of the effects of the present season's
drought must have noted tlie interesting fact that, on
the whole, trees of most kinds seem to have thriven
and made excellent growth. During some previous
summers I have seen trees — Limes especially — half
defoliated by this time, and drooping in the most
emphatic way. So far from that being the case now,
Limes look fresh and vigorous, and all kinds of trees
seem to have made excellent summer growth ;
indeed, I may say that trees generally have shown
no evidences whatever of drought. Two years since
a couple of Pear trees growing near an Ash tree were
nearly killed by drought, the foliage literally wither-
ing up. The Ash tree is now much bigger, but the

CucujinEits. — Now, and again at the beginning of
next month, make a sowing of RoUisson's Telegraph,
a variety which still holds its place against all comers
as the best variety of Cucumber for winter culti-
vation. The seeds should be sown singly in 3-inch
pots, three-parts filled with light mould ; plunge in a
Cucumber bed, or place on a shelf near the glass in a
forcing-house, a square of glass being set over the pots
until the seedling plants come up ; the plants should
be top-dressed a few days later. Shift them into
larger pots as they require more room at the roots,
:and plant out or finally shift into pots or boxes, as
the case may be ; for the latter the soil may be three
parts of light loam, one part of peat and horse-
droppings, with suflicient charcoal to keep the whole
in an open state. When the plants are to be grown in
bedsput 3 or 4 inches thick of old brick rubble overthe
pipes, the finest on the top, for drainage. This done,
the mounds, consisting of the ingredients indicated,
■should be formed thereon at 3 feet apart and about
12 or 13 inches high, and the plants, which should be
thorouglily moist at the roots before being turned
out of the pots, set therein. The soil should
be pressed moderately firm about the roots, and
afterwards be watered with tepid water to settle the
soil about the roots. Shade the plants from bright sun-
shine until the roots have taken to the soil, after which
time it should be discontinued. Syringe the plants
overhead morning and afternoon on bright days, to
prevent the attacks of red-spider, and ventilate
freely during favourable weather to secure a short-
jointed sturdy growth in the plants, to each of which
a stick should be put for support and secured to the
trellis, which should not be nearer to the glass than
15 inches. As the roots push through the .sides of
the mound add 2 inches thick of the same compost
as that in which the plants are growing, and continue
to make such additions until the intervening space
is filled with soil. The base of the plants and the
soil within 6 inches should, however, be left
2 inches higher than that between the plants,
to prevent the stems and soil immediately sur-
rounding them from becoming too damp by the
lodgment of water. If this simple precautionary
measure were more generally observed in the plant-
ing of Cucumbers and Melons, less would be heard
of the plants being affected with canker. Should,
however, this disease attack the plants, a mixture
of fresh lime and soot rubbed into the affected
portion of the stems will arrest its further progress,
but as it is best not to await the approach of the
disease before taking action to repel it, a little
powdered charcoal should be placed around the
collar of the plants as a preventive. If the supply
of Cucumbers can be kept up for a time from other
sources, such as plants in frames or houses, it will
be advisable to allow the plants to reach the top
wire of the trellis before stopping them, and to keep
all the young fruits picked off until the trellis is
well covered, but not overcrowded, with short-
jointed shoots, which then may be allowed to
bear sufficient fruit to meet this demand for the
same, remembering that the greatest strain is gener-
ally brought to bear on the strength of the plants
from the middle of December to the middle of
March. A good supply of Cucumbers may also
be obtained from plants grown in 12-inch pots or

Fig. 48. — vabieties of sonekilas.

their fruits should now receive their last root-water-
ing, and the use of the syringe must be discontinued
till after the fruit is gathered.

Apricots. — Where it is desired to lengthen out the
supply of these fruit, and the trees are planted on
one aspect only, some may be partially exposed
and others left shaded by their foliage. Woodlice
are very troublesome when these fruits are ripening,
and when this is the case the branches bearing fruit
may be pegged out from the wall. The fruit should
be kept in the fruit-room a day or two after gather-
ing before using for dessert, so as to allow of the
thorough ripening of the base. E. }Vard, Heweli,
Bromsgrove.

ADIANTUM FEAGEANTISSIMUM.

This is a very handsome Fern, quite distinct from
anything previously known in cultivation. The
fronds are from 1 foot to 15 inches long, exclusive of
the stipes, which must add another 5 or 6 inches
to their height, and about a foot broad at the
base. The pinnules and pinnulets are not crowded,
but the frond has rather an open character, partly
owing to the length of of the pedicels.

For a complete description of the plant we refer
our readers to the number of the Gardeners^ Chronicle
for April 2. 1847, p. '147, where it is described by the

Pear trees are vigorous and fruiting. Trees inva-
riably possess a dense leafage also, so that it would
seem as if the drought effects were not deep, but
more immediately limited to the surface soil. That
the surface is very dry — indeed, baked dry beyond
description— we have ample evidence, but there
must be ample moisture in the soil in the ordinary
water strata. The very Apple trees from which the
fruit have fallen almost by bushels during the past
few days, yet make good growth, and in that respect
show no evidence of giving out. The unusual
thinning of the fruit seems to be more due to
heat than to actual drought, unless, as seems
probable, very much of the bloom that did set in the
spring was imperfectly fertile. It is worthy of note
that Apples seemed to be thinned out most where
the bloom was densest. On the other hand. Pear
bloom was thin ; but whilst relatively Pears set
fairly well these fall but little, and on free worked
trees are of fair dimensions. A considerable quan-
tity of Apples, chiefly Early Julien and Lord Suf-
field, have already been gathered in this locality.
It is a pity so to gather them, but stress of poverty
on the part of growers, allied to the fear that con-
tinued heat and drought may lead to a greater
thinning, has led to this early gathering. Unless
heavy rain comes speedily it seems hardly possible

AvGuST 13, 1S87.]

THE GABDENEBS' CERONIGLE,

199

that Apples can show any great size except under
ver)' favourable circumstances. Peas have dried up
amazingly soon ; the produce has been very light,
the later bloom having become blind. So far mildew
seems absent. Seed Peas will probably be smaller
than usual, and the crop a short one. Runner Beans,
curiously enough, look very well, and so far have set
bloom fretdy. That is not a common feature in hot
dry weather, as the bloom then often falls rapidly.
Possibly cooler nights and heavy dews have conduced
to that'eud. Early Potatos present the shortest and
latest crop ever known, the produce so far being
alarmingly poor. Late Potatos look very well, but
so far have made no tubers, the heat having had an
effect there of an unwonted kind. On the whole the
drought effects are somewhat eri'atic. A. D. [We
hope our correspondents will favour us with notes of
the effect of this extraordinary season on garden
products, trees, &c. Ed.]

TROP>EOLUM CONSTANTINE. — In answer to
"Visitor,' in last week's issue, p, 155, respecting
the desirability of getting a Tropreolum which shall
not seed freely and be a continuous bloomer, I
would recommend Constantine as the very kind he

Your correspondent, W. Chitty, in last week's

paper, asks, *' Where are the wasps ? " I am sur-
prised to hear that they are scarce in the southern
districts. Here, in Sutherland, they abound this
season. We have destroyed several dozens of nests
in the gardens already, and the grounds and woods
are infested with them. The paper nests under wall
copings and suspended from branches of trees and
bushes are the most numerous. Some of them
measured close upon a foot in a diameter. They are
easily destroyed. A loose roll of newspaper upon
which a little paratiin has been dropped, tied to a
stick, and held under the nest after being well lighted,
settles them effectually. Some coal-tar poured into
the holes of those in dry banks and turf makes a
safe and speedy settlement of the nests undergi'ound.
If done late in the evening, when the wasps arc
mostly in, they will give no more trouble. Some of
the workmen who have been here about forty years
say they never recollect wasps being so numerous
— 4S this season. It would be interesting to know the
r^son of the scarcity of wasps in the South, and
their unusual numbers in the North. We had a
comparatively mild winter, and are having an
unusually dry warm summer. Were the climatic

Fig. 49. — adiantum fragrantissimuji. (see p. 19S.)

would like, and I promise that he will not be disap-
pointed either in its growth or with the effect it makes
as a bedding-out subject in the flower garden, as it
is really a lovely thing, and the habit is perfection.
A bed of it here is very effective, and is uni-
versally admired. The colour is a deep scarlet.
The stock is easily increased by cuttings, and it is
not bad to winter. I see Cannell has it in his cata-
logue, and is full of its praises. J. Bust, Bridge
Castle.

WASPS. — On all hands (so says the Gardeners
■Chronicle last week) we are hearing, " Where are the
wasps ? " In answer to which, I am son*y to say they
appear to have taken a particular liking for this
locality, as we never had a larger supply, My men
have dug out about two dozen nests already, and
more are being discovered daily. Unfortunately one
is established in a Fern rick, and another in the
thatch of a shed, which renders them difficult to be
got at. This will doubtless prove a good honey year,
both as to quality and quantity, the weather hitherto
having been perfect for its production. On all hands,
and especially from the Hants and Isle of Wight
Beekeepers' Association, I hear that a better season
has rarely been known. The exhibition of honey
both run and in cells at the horticultural show in
Westwood Park on Saturday, July 30, was the finest
■ever seen. W. H. Rogers, SouthamjJion.

conditions the same in the southern parts of the
British Islands? [No. The winter in the South
was severe and protracted. Ed.] I). Melville, Dunrobin
Castle Gardens, Sutherland.

Notwithstanding the heat and the drought,

and the fact that in the early spring months so many
female or large wasps were discernible in this part
of the country, we nevertheless seem to enjoy all but
perfect immunity from them at the present time ;
indeed, I have only seen one, and that a very small,
weakly example, of these gold-coated pests during
the whole of the summer. As we enjoyed unwonted
immunity from them last year also, may we not hope
they are somewhat on the decrease ? W, E.

FRUIT CROPS AND THE DROUGHT. — Your
correspondent, " D. T. P.," in his recent remarks
on the fruit crops, drew anything but a favour-
able picture concerning present appearances of the
hardy fruit crop, and other correspondents have
recorded similar views. Apples and Pears are pre-
maturely falling to a large extent, but I have reason
to know that this is not generally, or perhaps 1
should say universally, the case. Though I have
here such excessively heavy crops of Apples, Plums,
and Pears (the latter on a limited number of trees
only), I am bound to say I have not lost, hitherto,
u per cent, from this cause. This fact gives rise
to the legitimate query, as to the reasons pro and

con. Here the subsoil is a stiff loam, of a tenacious
nature, leading down to stiffer gravel mixed with clay;
such soils, by maintaining more moisture than light
soils, have been favourable to the trees, wliose roots go
deeply down. On the contrary, on gravel subsoils the
effects of the drought are more severely felt : in such
soils there exists but little moisture, and no source
whence the roots can obtain sufficient supply,
hence the results described by your correspondent.
William Earley.

THE DISA GRANDIFLORA.— I am obliged to your
correspondent for information concerning the above
I)laut. Two of my men, who have had charge of tlie
plants for the past fourteen years, declare that ten
flowers to a spike have been the most produced here
within that time until this year. 0. TJwinas, Chats-
worth .

DISAS AT STRAFFAN.— The Disas at Straflan,
CO. Kildai'e, are now very beautiful. There are in
all 180 spikes, bearing about 450 flowers. The
best pan bears thirty-three spikes and seventy-six
flowers. The varieties are D. grandiflora superba,
of a flery scarlet tint ; and D. g. violescens, in
which there is a violet suffusion through the
scarlet; the flower is more shapely, and thi^
tinting of the shell-shaped dorsal segment more
cdear and pure. As seen fresh and healthy there are
but few cool Orchids can rival Disa grandiflora. At
IStraffan the foliage is most luxuriant, hiding the pot-
tops, and contrasting well with the glowing flowers.
A plant of a fine dark-lipped form of Cattleya
Dowiana bears seven flowers. F. W. Burhidgc.

RAINFALL IN NORFOLK.— The long-continucd
drought is exercising disastrous effects on the fruit
crops in this district. Strawberries in many cases
ripened only half a crop. The rainfall for the first
six months of the year was 7'61 inches (first three
months, 3'80 ; second three months, 3'81), Rainfall
for present month, 0"25 inch. i?. Ptmton, Wroxham
Hall

WATERING OF PLANTS.— In your issue of July 23
I find that " J. J. W.," in his reply to J. Ewing, says ;
" I desire that every one should make trial for him-
self, and i)rove what he reads of the several branches
of horticulture." But I find in last week's issue that
he doubts the accuracy of my statement as regards
the results I have obtained from watering with cold
water, which was drawn direct from a company's
main. I was requested to try cold water for an
experiment, and I find that the results have been
most satisfactory. I can also inform " J. J. W." that
the best house of Grapes I have seen this year has
received all sjTingings and waterings with water
direct from the main. I know many who have had
the most desirable and satisfactory results from its
application. If we were to syringe oftener with cold
water we should have, in my opinion, fewer insects,
leas work, be at a less cost, and have as good, if not
better results than by always applying tepid water.
If " J. J. W." will be kind enough to pay me a visit
I will prove to him what I say is correct. B. Hcaton,
Bilworth House, Lo7igridge, Preston.

ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS VAR. TENUISSIMUS.—

A few nicely gi'own plants of this very valuable
Asparagus should be found in every garden ; for,
whether intermingled with the most choice and
valuable flowering plants in groups, or used for
fringing stages or stands, the effect is such as cannot
possibly escape the admiration of the observer.
There are, however, other ways in which this
variety may be easily grown, and with the best
advantage, viz., trained over a balloon trellis or to the
posts in an intermediate house. For cutting from
it will be found exceedingly useful, and will in this
position greatly add to the embellishment of the
house. Again, if used in a cut state as a substitute
for Ferns amongst flowers in glasses, &c., its graceful
appearance is very pleasing, and more, it keeps its
fresh green colour a considerable time in water. I
have been very successful in rearing young plants of
this variety by inserting cuttings of half ripened
wood in sandy soil placed in the stove, and a bell-
glass over them ; in this position they appear to root
readily, and with care soon grow into nice serviceable
plants. The soil we generally use for growing the
plants in is that of a light fibrous loam, adding to it
a portion of well pulverised cow-dung, half decayed
leaves, a little charcoal, and a good dash of coarse
river sand. This compost apparently suits the plants
admirably, with copious supplies of water during the

200

THE GAIWEXEES' CHRONICLE.

[AconsT 13, 1887.

summer months (providing the drainage is good).
As soon as the pots are well tilled with roots, occa-
sional doses of weak manure water will greatly
help the plants, giving their foliage a nice dark green
appearance. I have not been as successful in rearing
young plants of that useful variety, Asparagus
plumosus. Although it is said that both from
cuttings and eyes, it roots readily, I have on several
occasions tried the two, but not successfully. H.
Markham, Mcrnourth Castle.

"BAD CHARACTERS" AND "LOW TYPES" IN
COVENT GARDEN. — At an archajological meeting
held at Bedford on July 27 last the subject of the
best editions of Bunyan s Pilgrims Progress was dis-
cussed, and Mr. J. B. Marsh (according to the Bed-
fordshire Times of July 30) stated that the best
edition was the one edited by the late Charles
Kingsley, and illustrated by the late Mr. C. H.
Bennett. Mr. Marsh stated that the faces in the
illustrations of this best edition were derived from
life in Covent Garden, and that Mr. Bennett's " faces
of bad characters were better than those of the good
people. All the low types were," said Mr. Mai'sh,
" admirable representatives of the men and women
that one might see almost any day in the week in
Covent Garden." There are obvious reasons why
Bedford should speak with authority on matters
belonging to Covent Garden. It is to be hoped that
none of the horticultural publishing olSces in the
vicinity of Covent Garden furnish the " low types."
W. G. S. [Certainly not. Ed.]

LiLIUM BrOWNI. — Allow me to inform you that
your note on Lilium Browni (Gardeners' Chronicle,
p. 108) is not quite correct ; the flower we sent is the
same as that described in the Gardeners' Chronicle
two or three years ago by Mr. Baker under the name
of Lilium Browni var. viridulum ; before we had it
under the name of L. odorum, which, considering its
great fragrance, is very appropriate. Mr. Elwes, who
saw it here in flower two years ago, pronounced it to
be a very distinct and fine variety of L. Browni, if
not altogether a distinct species. It differs specially
from the well known L. Bro^vni in the peculiar-
shaped bulb, resembling more those of L. tigrinum
or L. Thunbergianum group. The buds also in L.
Browni var. viridulum before opening are more
globular, while in L. Browni they are long 'and
flattened ; they are, when opening, at first of a deep
sulphury-yellow, while in L. Browni they are white ;
it also differs greatly in the shape of flower, gi-eat
fragrance, and in foliage, from L. Browni. I might
also mention that L. Browni is never imported from
Japan, and may probably be a garden form, while L.
Browni var. viridulum is occasionally imported from
there, though the bulbs very seldom arrive alive. It is
one of the finest Lilies in cultivation, and does well
in a light well-drained soil, kept comparatively dry
during the winter. G. Beuthe, Hale Farm Nursery,
Tottenham.

ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA AND OTHER EXOTIC
CONIFERS. — Your " Enquirers." p. 143, about their
Pines decaying seem to limit their ideas to soil,
drainage, planting, situation, all no doubt of im-
portance. But it has long been my conviction that
we cannot rely on any of these Pines flourishing as
they reach maturity. The conditions under which
they grow, of extreme winter cold and extreme
summer heat, are not, I fear, attainable in the British
Isles. Also, the character of their growth secludes
the lower inner branches from air and light, and
hence their decay. Such, it seems, is the result in
their natural forests, or otherwise there would be no
access to the interior of them. /. /, M.

THE SOUTHAMPTON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
— Provincial horticultural societies anxious to con-
vert their summer exhibitions into mere pleasure
shows and fetes will do well to heed the fortunes of
the Southampton Horticultural Society, which, in
spite of its affix of " Royal," yet embarks largely in
the pleasure enterprise, especially that its exhibitions
are to that end made to fall upon the Saturday pre-
ceding the August Bank Holiday, and on that popular
holiday itself. Encouraged by some previous suc-
cesses and enormous attendances the committee
again this year catered in the same pleasure-provid-
ing direction, with the result that on the two days'
takings, as compared with last year, there is a defi-
ciency of nearly £300, the relative takings for the
two years being £G21 and £.330 16,!. The weather
cannot be charged with this falling off, because more
beautiful weatlier lias rarely been experienced.

Southampton is perhaps the centre of many attrac-
tions, but these have been in competition with the
horticultural fete for years. The Jubilee, with all
its excessive strain upon pocket and pleasure, is
credited with the deficiency, and no doubt that was
probably the chief cause. Still it may be that the
public are tiring of the monotonous forms of attrac-
tions provided at fetes of this description, and if
such be the case committees will do well to take
warning in time and keep to their legitimate work.
When bond fide flower shows with good music fail
to attract, we fail to see what good to horticulture
is to result from the introduction of attractions of
the empirical order. A. D.

BUTTERFLY SWARMS. — The great warmtli of the
season has been productive of such immense numbers
of white butterflies, as has rarely been seen before in
South Essex. In lanes and roads they swarm
rising in hosts when disturbed. They are .attracted
thither by the wild flowers, which are not numerous
at this season in cultivated fields. Every flower has
its host of depredators, all bent on rifling it of its
nectar. The great and the small cabbage-white,
the black-veined white, the green-chequered white,
the orange-tip, and the wood-white, are the most
numerous, so that we may anticipate swarms of
caterpillars a little later. William Earky.

DWARF TROP.COLUMS. — "Visitor," in com-
menting upon tin larly lullapse of the bloom on the
Tom Thumb Tr.i]i:iolum5 .at Chiswick, expresses a
wish for a race of tliese plants comparatively sterile,
which will bloom freely to the 'end of tlie season.
Possibly he does not know of the compactum kinds,
which, whilst very dwarf, [do bloom right to the
end of the season. These are less varied in colour
of flowers than are the Tom Thumbs, but they include
yellow spotted, scarlet, crimson, and maroon. They
are not nearly such free seeders as are the Tom
Thumbs, hence, perhaps, are not so well liked by the
seedsmen ; still they do produce a fair crop. Seed
production, if the plants be on average soil, miikes no
difference to their blooming, which is most profuse,
the flowers being of good form and substance, and
well thrown above the foliage. The kinds may be
kept also by cuttings, and these propagated plants
arc, curiously enough, almost seedless. A. D,

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Almjust 9. — Last Tuesday's show at Soutii Ken-
sington attained to only moderate dimensions, but
notwithstanding there were several items of interest.
The Fruit Committee had the largest and best display
of produce it has had this year, Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons' cordon Gooseberries being the leading feature
in this section. Among flowers, Messrs. Kelway's
fine lot of Gladioli, and, although the weather has
been unfavourable for them, the Hollyhocks of Mr. J.
Blundell and of Messrs. Webb & Brand were lead-
ing ])oints. Baron Schroder and F. G. Tautz, Esq..
were the exhibitors of Orchids, both contributing good
specimens.

Ploral Committee.

Present : G. F. Wilson, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. J. Douglas, W. Goldring, E. Dean, J.
Dominy, H. M. Pollett, A. F. Lendy, J. O'Brien,
G. P.aul, J. Eraser, J. Walker, W. Holmes, B. Wynne,
E. Hill, and Dr. M. T. Masters.

Messrs. Kelway & Sons contributed one of those
extensive collections of cut spikes of Gladiolus for
which they are renowned. There were 144 spikes,
embracing as wide a range of colour as can be
obtained with these flowers ; we have seen larger
spikes from Messrs. Kelway, but then the season had
not been so hot and dry as the present one is ; the
individual flowers were large, clear, and bright.
Certificates were awarded to two of the varieties
shown, viz.. Princess Koyal, pinkish-white, lightly
flaked with carmine, intense towards the margin ;
the individual flowers, as shown, were 4 inches
across— a fine variety ; and to William Roupell,
orange-scarlet, lower segments having a deep lake
nerve, slightly flaked at the margin. Other notice-
able sorts were Major Lendy, salmon-pink ; W. Kel-
way, deep rich scarlet; llaoofCutch, deep salmon,
tipped heavy lake — a peculiar flower ; II. M. Pollett,
bright scarlet, white centre nerves, lower segments
almost all white, scarlet tips, lake nerve. (Silver-
gilt Banksian Medal.)

Messrs. Kelway & Son also showed Gaillardias, of
which W. Kelway, a large sort, deep red running to
yellow at the margin, was the best ; the tints are, how-
ever, rather dull. J I
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, showed 11
a number of plants and cut blooms of tuberous Be- ■]
gonias, the singles being very large and good — J. '
Harrison Carter, a single bronze, is a good colour.
A highly efl'ective light crimson zonal Pelargonium
(no name) was shown, also Capsicum Mango Pepper,
with large oblong orange coloured fruits, and Glox-
inias.

From Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries,
Tottenham, came one of those varied groups of her-
baceous plants for which he has a name, Dahlias.
Liliums,Gaillardias,Iceland Poppies in abundance, and
specimens of Eremurus Bungei, with pale flesh-
coloured flowers ; Echinops Ritro, large heads ;
various species of Helianthus, Asclepias tuberosa,
very floriferous, the orange flowers of which are effec-
tive ; and Alstroemeria peruviana, a plant not so
very often seen now-a-days. (Silver Banksia Medal.)
Baron Schroder showed two choice Orchids. One
was a fine plant of that new and beautiful Catasetum
Bungerothi, of which we published a full-page sup-
plementary illustration ( Gardeners' Chronicle, January
29, vol. i., 3rd series). The specimen shown had on
the spike ten ivory-white flowers. The scent is that
of Carraway seed. The Baron's other specimen was
a cut spike 10 inches long of Saccolabium Heathii, a
lovely pure white spike of bloom, identical in size
with that of S. Blumei as usually seen. It will
become popular in time.

Several Orchids came from the garden of F. G.
Tautz, Esq., Studley House, Shepherd's Bush (gr.,
Mr. Cowley). These were: — Cattleya Warneri rubra:
the intense purple of the much frilled lip is its dis-
tinguishing feature; Miltonia Petersi concolor, of
lurid purple colom- over sepals and petals, the lip
being of a rather lighter hue. The base is bright
purple — curious, but not handome ; M. spectabilis
bicolor, white, base of the lip a patch of purple, with a
radiated outline; Cypripedium tousum, lately de-
scribed in these pages ; C. orphanorum, a flower
named (provisionally) in honour of the Gardeners'
Orphan scheme. It has a reddish lip, and rosy-
brown petals showing a bold stripe of black run-
ning through them. The dorsal sepal is mainly of
white and green, with a central vertical black line.
The other plants shown were C. Ashburtonia; ex-
pansum, C. leucorhodum, and C. concolor.

Messrs. Paul & Son. Cheshunt, had a single white.
Rose, named Single White Perpetual ; the petals are
pure white, and of good substance, while the flowers
are freely produced ; it is said to bloom up to No-
vember, and certainly is a desirable acquisition on
that score alone.

Some of the finest African Marigolds we remember
to have seen came from Jlessrs. Dobbie & Co„
Rothesay, N.B. ; there were two varieties — Prince of
Orange, rich orange colour, and Lemon Queen,
lemon colour, each measuring 4 to 5 inches in
diameter ; the blooms were also compact and solid.
This firm also sent several seedling Violas, Lucy
Ashton being the finest: it is white with purple
streaks on the lower petals, and the upper and lower
margins of the flower were deep lilac — a very pleasing
combination of colours.

Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High Holborn, London,
W.C., contributed seedlings of Iris Kampferi. A good
white is Bridesmaid ; Elaine is larger, but has yellow
in it at the base of the segments; Emperor of Japan,
mauve-puqjle, is a good sort ; also a new double
white Pyrethrum.

Mr. W'. Palmer, Thames Ditton House, Tjiames
Ditton, showed cut blooms of Magnolia grandiflora
and several Coleuses.

A feature of the show was formed by the exhibits
of Hollyhocks. W. Roupell, Esq.. F.R.H.S., offered
prizes for a collection of not less than fifty spikes of
doubles, for which there was only one entry, which
was made by Mr. J. Blundell, The Nurseries, West
Dulwich, S.E., and who showed a fine collection of
seventy-two spikes, deservedly securing the 1st prize
— a Silver Cup. He had some fine unnamed seed-
lings, .and of the named sorts the finest were Man-
darin, pale cream ; Henry Irving, purple-lake — good
guards ; Princess of Wales, pink ; Mr. R. H. Barnes,
white; Princess Beatrice, primrose ; and Venus, pure
white, with large guards.

Messrs. F. T. Smith & Co., West Dulwich, con-
tributed a collection of cut Hollyhock blooms,
showing as their best Black Prince, black-purple ;
Alfred Austin, mauve ; and Diana, rose.

Messrs. Webb & Brand, Saffron Walden, also had
a fine lot of large blooms, which were shown in good

AuQcsT 13, 1887.1

THE QARDENEBS' CEEONIGLE.

201

condition. Scarlet Gem, ricli crimson ; and William
Archer, purple-crimson, both witli prominent guard
petals, were Certificated.

First-class Certificates were awarded as follows : —

Hollyhock William Archer, from Messrs. \\'ebb &
Brand.

Hollyhock Scarlet Gem, from Messrs. Webb &
Brand.

Gaillardia William Kehvav, from Messrs. Kelway
& Son.

Marigold Prince of Orange, from Jlessrs. Dobbie
&Co.

Marigold Lemon Queen, from Messrs. Dobbie &
Co.

Viola Lucv Ashton, from Messrs. Dobbie & Co.

Gladiolus William lioupell, from Messrs. Kelway
& Son.

Gladiolus Princess Royal, from Messrs. Kelway &
Son.

Cypripediura orphancrum, from F. G. Tautz, Esq.

Saccolabium Heathii, fr m Baron Schroder.

Cat.isetum Bungerothi, from Baron Schroder.

Rose, Paul's Single White Perpetual, from Messrs.
Paul & Son.

Fruit Committee.

Present: T. F. Rivers, Esq., in the chair; and
Messrs. Harrison Weir, J. Smith, G. Norman, S.
Ford, J. Roberts, J. Bennett, J. Fitt, P. Crowley,
G. Bunyard, and R. D. Blackmore.

A comprehensive exhibit of Gooseberries came
from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea ; there were
sixty dishes of picked fruit, and a number of cor-
dons— that is, three or four-year-old plants trained
perpendicularly as single stems, the side-shoots
being apparently spurred-in to a few basal buds at
the winter pruning, the resulting summer shoots
being at the present time reduced to a length of
4 inches. The fruits on these plants were few in
number, having probably been thinned considerably,
so as to afford fruit of a large size. The dishes of
Gooseberries consisted of the best dessert and show
kinds. It was remarked that in no class have recent
introductions approached the old standaid varieties
in flavour, although the palm must be given them
for size. A few summer Apples and Pears were
shown, amongst the latter being Mademoiselle So-
lange, an obovate green fruit, of fine fiavour, hardly
so large as the well-known Aston Town Pear. It
was considered by the committee to be worthy of a
Certificate.

A few dishes of early Plums were sho\vn, such as
Early Green Gage, Early Prolific, July Gage, OuUin's
Golden Gage, &c. The very useful Alexander Peach
from trees in pots was likewise shown — the fruits were
of medium size, and very highly coloured. (A Silver
Banksian Medal.)

Mr. W. Roupell, Harvey Lodge, Roupell Park,
S.W., exhibited some excellent varieties of Grapes,
which he recommends for their fine flavour. We
have been too long running alter mere size and
finish in berry and bunch, forgetting that most
Grape eaters prefer flavour before those other
attributes horticultural societies have so erroneously
forstered by their prizes. The Purple Constantia,
Muscat Hamburgh, and Venn's Black Muscat, were
quite nice enough bunches, a little too liberally
thinned, perhaps, of delicious flavour, although not
quite ripe. The Vines are grown in 13-inch pots,
and stand on hot-water pipes in a sunny house a
little warmth being kept in the pipes up to the time
of ripening.

Messrs. Riveis & Sons, Sawbridgeworth, showed
Cherries Emiieror Frauds, a large reddish fruit ;
Geant d'Hedelfingen, a very fine glossy black ; late
Bigarreau, and Monstrueuse de Metzel.

A handsome seedling Apple, with the look of Cox's
Orange Pippin, came from Messrs. G. Cooling & Sons,
nurserymen, Bath. It was named Beauty of Bath,
and received the unwonted honour for an Apple — a
First-class Certificate.

Several seedling Melons were sho\vn, some of which
were of fair flavour and handsome.

Special Prizes,

Me^rs. Webb cf- Son's Prizes. — Collections of Vege-
tables.— 1st, Mr. J. Waite, gr., Glenhurst, Esher,
with very good produce considering the weather of
the past mouth. The sorts were : — Pea Sutton's
Jubilee, Onion Leviathan, Potato Suttou's Seedling,
French Bean Canadian Wonder, Carrot New Inter-
mediate, Cauliflower Autumn Giant. Mr. Waite
must have land in good heart, and an abundant
water supply.

Mr. C. Fidkr's Prises. — Collections of Vegetables.

— Here Mr. J. Waite was again 1st, with other ^and
more kinds. We remarked Fidler's Reading Con-
queror Pea, Carter's Jubilee Runner Bean, very flue ;
Perfection Tomato and Fidler's Clipper Potato, a
white half round half kidney variety. Mr, F. A.
Beckett, Cole Hatch Farm, Penn, Amersham, 2nd :
Champion Runner Beans, Beauty of Hebron Potatos,
and Perfection Tomato were good samples.

Mi: C. Fiiikr's Special Prize : Reading Conqueror
Peas.— 1st. Mr. Beckett ; 2nd, Mr. Waite ; 3rd, Mr.
Marriott, Boston.

Defiance Melon.— 1st, Jlr. C. Ross, gr., Welford
Park, a first-class fruit in all respects; 2nd, Mr. J.
G. Dean, gr., Titsey Park, Limpsfield. The fruit
more ribbed than the winning one. 3rd, Mr. W.
AVoolford, gr.. Little Missenden, Great Missenden,
Bucks. Five lots competed.

First-class Certificates were awarded as follows :—

Apple Beauty of Bath, from Messrs. Cooling &
Son.

Pear Mdlle. de Solange, from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Son.

Cherry Emperor Francis, from T. Rivers & Son.

NATIONAL CARNATION AND PICOTEE

(Northern Section.)

This, the last of the three representative exhibi-
tions, took place in the annexe to the Exhibition
Palace at Manchester on the 5th inst. Compared
with the O.xford show it was not only much smaller,
but with scarcely an exception the quality was below
it also, the hot dry weather h.aving very prejudicially
affected the blooms. With the solitary exception of
Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, who com-
peted in one of the classes, the competition was
wholly between growers north of the Trent.

Carnatiom. — There were five stands of twelve dis-
similar Carnations — Mr. Robert Lord, florist. Hole
Bottom, Todmorden, being 1st, with good blooms
of C.B. Master Fred, P.P.B. William Skirving, S.B.
Fred, C.B. Thomas Moore, S.B. Robert Lord, R.F.
Rob Roy, C.B. Shirley Hibberd, S.F. Henry Cannell,
P.P.B. Squire Llewelvn, P.F. James Douglas. S.F.
Tom Lord, and S.B. Admiral Curzon. 2nd, Mr. B.
Simonite, Rough Bank, Sheffield, with some good
flowers also, having S.B. George, P.F. James Douglas,
R.F. Sybil, S.B. Admiral Curzon, R.F. Cristi Galli,
P.F. George Melville and seedlings. 3rd, Mr. J.
Beswick, Middleton. In the ckss for twelve Carna-
tions, nine at least to be dissimilar, the competition
limited to growers of 500 pairs or less, there were nine
competitors — Mr. John Whitham, Hilden Bridge,
Yorkshire, beingplaced 1st with C.B. Master Fred, S.B.
Admiral Curzon, P.P.B. William Skirving, S.B. Fred,
S.B. Thomas Storer, S.F. Florence Nightingale, R.F.
Christi Galli, P.P.B. Thomiis Anstiss, S.B. Robert
Lord, and duplicates. 2nd, Mr. P. Law, Carnation
Gardens, Rochdale. Then came a class for six Car-
nations, dissimilar, open to growers of 250 pairs or less,
and there were seven competitors. The best stand was
staged by Mr, T. Hellewell, The Hollies, Todmorden,
who had C.B. Master Fred, P.P.B. William Skirving,
P.F. James Douglas, S.F. Tom Chapman, S.B.
Admiral Curzon, and R.F. Christi Galli. 2nd, Mr.
Maddocks, Lefthouse Hall, near Wakefield. 3rd,
Mr. S. Barlow, J.P., Stake Hill House, Manchester.

Pieotees. — There were five exhibitors of twelve
Picotees, dissimilar, in the class open to all, and Mr. R.
Lord was again 1st, with excellent blooms of H.R.E.
Morna, H.R.E. Mrs. Pavne, L.R.E. Thomas William,
H.R.E. Lady Louisa, H.R.E. Mrs. Sharpe, L.P.E.
Ann Lord, L.R.E. Mrs. Aldcroft, H.R.E, John
Smith, II.P.E. Mr. A. Chancellor ; L.P.E. Cynthia,
L.P.E. Clara Penson, and H.P.E. Zerlina. 2nd, Mr.
J. Beswick, Middleton. 3rd, Mr. B. Simonite. In
the class for twelve Picotees, nine at least to be
dissimilar, open to growers of 500 pairs, or less, Mr.
J. Whitham was again 1st, with H.R.E. Brun-
nette, H.P.E. Zerlina, H.R.E. Lady Louisa, L.R.E.
Thomas William, H.P.E. Mr. A. Chancellor, L.P.E.
Anne Lord, L.R.E. Favourite, H.R.E. Fannv Helen,
H.R.E, Mrs. Sharpe, L.P.E. Mary, H.R.E. Mrs.
Payne, and duplicates. 2nd, Mr. W. Taylor, Middle-
ton ; 3rd, Mr. R. Sydenham, Middleton. Mr. T.
Hellewell had the best six dissimilar Picotees in the
class for growers of 250 pairs or less, staging H.P.E.
Mr. Niven. L.R.E. Thomas William, H.R.E. Mrs.
Lord, H.R.E. Mrs. Payne, H.R.E. John Smith, and
H.R.E. Constance Heron. 2ud, Mr. W. Bleacklcy,
Whitefield ; 3rd, Mr. Maddocks.

Selfs. — Prizes were also ofl'ered (or twelve blooms of
self Carnations, and four stands competed, the best
coming from Mr. F. Law, Carnation Gardens, Roch-
dale, who had Mrs. Hyde, white; George Henry,

pink ; Squire Meynell, purple ; Pride of Penshurst.
yellow ; Henry Cannell, scarlet ; and some good
seedlings. 2nd, Mr. George Geggie, Waterloo Nur-
sery, Bury, whose flowers were unnamed.

Special Jubilee Prizes.

Special prizes were offered for twelve miscella-
neous Carnations and Picotees, there being twelve
stands, and here Mr. R. Lord was again 1st, with
Carnations S.B. Master Fred, C.B. J. D. Hextall,
R.F. Rob Roy, S.B. Admiral Curzon, S.S. John
Whitham, W.'S., The Bride and King of Yellows ;
and of Picotees, L.R.E. Favourite, H.R.E. Mr. Pavne,
H.R.E. Ladv Louisa, H.R.E. Dr. Epps, and H.R.E.
Royal Visit. 2nd, Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery,
Slough, with Carnations P.P.B. Rifleman, S.B. John
Hines, R.F. Rob Roy, S.B. Robert Lord, P.P.B. Mrs.
Barlow ; and Picotees. L.R.E. Favourite, L.P.E.
Mrs. MichoU, H.R.E. Mrs. Payne, H.R.E. Dr. Epps,
L.P.E. Baroness Burdett Coutts, H.R.E. Sylvia, and
L.P.E. Mary. 3rd. Mr. J. Beswick.

The premier Carnation was C.B. Master Fred,
shown by Mr. R. Lord ; and the premier Picotee,
L.P.E. Baroness Burdett Coutts, shown by Mr. C.
Turner.

First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded to
Mr. C. Turner, for yellow ground Vicotees Almira,
Annie Douglas, and" Terra Cotta ; and to rose self
Rose Celestial. Mr. S. Barlow staged a dozen blooms
of his new S.B. Robert Houlgrave, a very bright,
full, and finely-formed flower, regarded as an improve-
ment upon Admiral Curzon. Mr. F. Law had a
large collection of cut blooms of Carnations an.l
Picotees; also Dahlias, Marigolds, &c., all of wh -.h
were highly commended.

WELLINGBOBOTJGH HORTICUI -
TUK.AL FETE.

August 4 and 5. — This took place in connection
with the annual meeting of the Northamptonshiie
Horticultural Society at Wellingborough on tli^
above dates, and as a few classes in which g.tcl
prizes were offered were open to all comers a gi:r 1
exhibition resulted, among others Mr. James Cypher,
nurseryman, Cheltenham, taking some plants, and ho
was placed 1st in the class for twelve stove and
greenhouses plants in or out of bloom, staging much
the same as he exhibited at Northampton on B.ink
Holiday; Mr. J. Parker. Victoria Nursery, Rugby,
coming in a good 2nd. In the class for a large group
of plants arranged for effect Messrs. Cypher and
Parker were placed equal 1st, with well placed groups,
no 2nd prize being awarded. In the gardeners' class
for eight stove and gi'eenhonse plants, Mr. W.
Lanchburry, gr. to C. Watkin, Esq., Wellingborough,
was 1st, with a good lot. but unnamed ; Mr. W. L.
Bird, gr. to A. Seymour, Esq.. Nocton Hall, Daventry,
being 2nd, having among others a very fine specimen
of Croton Weismanni. Mr. Lanchburry was also 1st
in the class for a group of stove and greenhouse
plants arranged for effect Mr. Hillburn, gr. to C. J. K,
Woolston, Esq , Wellingborough, being 2nd.

Foliaged Plants. — The best six of these came from
Mr. Lanchburry — a very good lot, consisting of
Cycas revoluta, Alocasia metallica, Phyllanthus
nivosus, Zamia Vroomii, Theophrasta imperialis, and
Caladium esculentum. In the open-to-all-division,
Mr. Hillburn had the best six Ferns — a very nice
bright and fresh lot, consisting of Microlepia hirta
cristata, Adiantum Farleyense, A. cuneatum, and
A. gracillimum, Pteris serrulata cristata, and Dick-
sonia antarctica. With six foliage plants in the same
division Mr. J. Parker was 1st with a fine Areca
Baueri,Lataniaborbonica, and the following Crotons
— Youngi, Sunset, undulatus and majesticus. Coleus
were well shown by Mr. D. Percival, gr. to W. Blott,
Esq., Wellingborough, and Mr. T. G. Butler, gr. to N.
P. Sherman, Esq., of Wellingborough. Foliage
Begonias and plants for table decorations were also
good features. The best specimen plant was Latania
borbonica, from Mr. Percival ; Mr. Lanchburry
coming 2nd with a fine Nepenthes, a little out of con-
dition.

Flowering Plants included good Fuchsias, shown
by Messrs. Hillburn and F. Beard, of Great Bough-
ton, zonal Pelargoniums, double and single, and
Gloxinias. Prizes were offered for flowering Be-
gonias, double and single, but no competition re-
sulted. In the amateurs' and cottagers' division some
excellent plants were shown, and there is no doubt
they are thoroughly well grown in this district.

Cut Flowers. — Some good prizes were ofl'ered for
cut Roses : the best twenty-four varieties came from

202

THE GABDENER8' GHBONICLE.

[August 13, 1887.

Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., Howe House Nurseries,
Cambridge, but they showed the effects of extreme
drought. Messrs. G. & W. Brucl;, nurserymen,
Peterborough, were a good 2nd. Messrs. Burrell &
Co., also had the best twelve Tea-scented varieties,
showing small, but fresh flowers ; the Rev. W. H.
Jackson, Stagsden Vicarage, Bedford, being 2nd.
The Rev. W. H. Jackson had the best twelve varie-
ties in the gardeners' division ; Mr. G. Watt, Barton
Seagrave, being 2nd. In the open class for twenty-
four bunches of cut flowers Mr. J. Parker was placed
1st, with the usual stove and greenhouse subjects,
such as Allamandas, Dipladenias, Eucharis, Lapa-
gerias, &c. Messrs. J. Burrell & Son were placed
2d, with a very fine stand of twenty-four bunches of
hardy flowers, large and of superior quality, that well
deserved the higher award ; it was one of the best
exhibits of the kind we have seen for many a day.
Mr. J. Knightley, gr. to Sir Hereward Wake, Bart.,
Courteen Hall, Roade, was 1st, with twelve bunches ;
Mr. G. Watt being 2nd. These two occupied
similar positions in the classes for six bunches of
single, and the same of double zonal Pelargoniums.
The Rev. W. H. Jackson had the best twelve bunches
of garden flowers, Mr. J. Knightley being 2nd.
Cut flowers were also well shown by amateurs and
cottagers.

Fruit. — In the open class for six dishes Mr. T.
Hare, gr. to R. Neville, Esq., Grantham, was 1st,
with Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria
Grapes, Pine, Lord Napier Nectarines, Violette
Hative Peaches, and Melon ; 2nd, Mr. W. L. Bird,
Daventry. Mr. H. Beach, The Gardens, Castle
Ashley, Northampton, had the best basket of fruit ;
Mr. T. Hare being 2nd. The best six dishes in the
gardeners' division came from Mr. FaiT, gr. to
Sir Rainald Knightley, Bart., Pawsley, Daventry,
■who had Black Hamburgh and Dr. Hogg Grapes,
Peaches, Figs, Melon, and Cherries ; 2nd, Mr. G.
Watt. Mr. Beach had the best three bunches of
Black Hamburgh Grapes ; Mr. D. Percival being
a good 2nd. Mr. T. Hare had the best three
bunches of white Grapes, staging good Muscat of
Alexandria ; Mr. W. L. Bird being 2nd with the
same. Melons, Peaches, Apricots, Plums, Apples
dessert and culinary. Pears, Strawberries, and
Raspberries, were all fairly well shown in their
several classes.

Vegetables. — Very good vegetables were shown
throughout, and especially so by amateurs and
cottagers. There was a very brisk competition for
the prizes offered for collections of eight varieties,
Mr. John Abbott, Wellingborough, being placed
1st, and Mr. Giles Watt 2nd. The Potatos were of
good size, clean and bright, showing that there is a
good vegetable soil in the district.

Tahlc Decorations, Bouquets, ^c — Several classes
were set apart for ladies. The best vase or stand of
flowers came from Miss Woolston, Wellingborough ;
Miss Gertrude Sherman, Wellingborough, being 2nd.
Mrs. Clifford had the best stand of wild flowers, Miss
Lucy Watkins being 2nd. In the open class for a hand
bouquet, Mr. J. Parker was 1st ; Mr. W. Toseland,
of Kettering, being 2nd. Mrs. Clifford had the best
bouquet of Roses, Mrs. Warner, Pytchley, being
2nd.

NEWBURY HORTICULTURAL.

The annual exhibition of the above Society took
place on August 1. The weather being exceedingly
propitious, it was attended by a large concourse of
people from the town and surrounding district. The
principal tent — a very large one — was nicely filled,
and chiefly with the exhibits for the prizes offered in
Division 1, open to all England, and comprising nine
classes.

Collection of six stove and greenhouse plants in
bloom. — Ist, Mr. Mould, Pewsey — in this lot were
good plants of Erica tricolor Holfordi, and Statice
profusa ; 2nd, Mr. Chas. Howe, gr. to Sir Richard
Sutton.

Collection of six variegated or remarkable foliaged
plants. — 1st, ^Ir. Chas. Ross, w ith a good lot, com-
prising Alocasia macrorhiza variegata, Maranta
zebrina, Bonai)artea gracilis, Chamitrops humilis,
Croton Eyre, and Cyperus alternifolius var. variegata ;
2nd, Mr. Chas. Howe, who had good plants of Croton
majesticus var.

Collection of twelve exotic Feme. — let, Mr. Chas.
Howe, with large, well-grown plants.

Collection of six kinds of Coleue. — Ist, Mr. C.
Midwinter, for a well grown lot of plants in good
colour.

For the best display of hardy Ferns, six varieties.
— This only brought one lot.

Six varieties of Fuchsias.— Mr. R. Lve, gr. to W.
H. Kingsmill, Esq., took the 1st prfze with well
grown plants.

Four varieties of Gloxinias.— One exhibit, which
took first honours.

Specimen Plant.— 1st, Mr. C. Shawe, for a nicely
grown plant of Croton Williamsii ; 2nd, Mr. C. Ross,
for a large plant of Platyterium alcicorne.

A Group of Plants, 12 by 8 feet : the prizes
to be awarded where most taste is displayed,
quality of plants being ^o taken into consideration.
.—1st, Mr. C. Ross, for a nice group effectively
arranged, the plants of good qualitv and highly
cultivated.

Amongst other subjects shown in this division
demanding especial notice were the Zinnia class of
six varieties, four blooms of each ; these were well
grown, and the flowers finely developed and very well
set up.

Amongst tlie contributions of fruit by gentlemen's
gardeners we noted that our veteran friend and
grower, Mr. Charles) Ross, of Welford Park, was well
in the fore, his three bunches of Black Hamburgh
Grapes being very fine. Muscat of Alexandria, from
Mr. Charles Howe, was very good. Foster's Seed-
ling in a compact bunch, well coloured, took the
1st prize in the open class for white kinds of
Grapes ; and in the open class for other black
kinds Mr. R. Maher was 1st. with tliree bunches
of Gros Maroc. Peaches were sparingly shown,
but the dish of Barrington. shown by Mr. W. Pope,
was very fine indeed. Hardy kinds of fruits, as
Currants, Cherries, &c., were 'not over-plentiful in
this class.

Vegetables were shown in abundance, and gene-
rally good. Messrs, Sutton & Sons, Beading, oft'ered
jirizes for a collection of eight sorts. Mr. Lye, gr.
to W. H. Kingsmill, Esq., took the 1st prize with a
superb lot, his Onions, Tomatos, Carrots, and
Potatos being particularly good ; Mr. W. Pope, gr.
to the Earl of Carnarvon, coming in a good 2nd ;
and Mr. James Canning, gr. to Captain Ricardo, 3rd.
For the best collection of Potatos, twelve varieties,
Mr. W. Pope was 1st, and Mr. R. Lye 2nd. Prizes
for vegetables were offered liberally to mechanics,
artizans, and cottagers, and very excellent examples
of the chief sorts of useful vegetables were shown, in
good condition. A division for amateurs only was
well patronised. In this class hardy fruit was excep-
tionally well shown, the red, white, and black
Currants being above average merit. G. T. Miles.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL OF ABER-
DEEN.

Tuis Society held its summer show on the 29th
and 30th iilt., under canvas in the Duthie Park,
Aberdeen. In e>ery respect it was the most suc-
cessful show the Society has held for manv years.
The enthusiasm called forth by the announcement of
certain Jubilee prizes brought out a considerable in-
crease of entries, and keen competition as the result.
Vegetables are always a special feature of the
summer and autumn shows of this Societv, and on
this occasion were quite equal to anything ever
exhibited before at the summer show. The selec-
tions were perfect, and the specimens in every class
clean and well grown. Stove and greenhouse plants
were well exhibited by Mr. Forest, gr., Haddo
House ; Mr. Proctor, gr., Devanha House ; and
Mr. Edward Noonan, gr., Waterton, who keenly
contested between them the honours in the various
classes for pot plants. Fruit was a meagre feature
with the exception of Strawberries, which, being in
the flush of the crop in the neighbourhood, were
both numerous and fine. Pelargoniums of the
tricolor and bronze sections were largely exhibited,
and exceptionally well grown.

The leading feature consisted of the several tables
put up in competition for the Jubilee prizes. These
were four in number, and being open to all, both
gardeners and nurserymen entered the lists. The
schedule provided that the tables should be exhibits
of garden produce arranged foi- efi'ect. hence the
union of pot plants, cut flowers, fruit, and vegetables
which was presented on each table. The result of
such an union on one tabic wius novel and interesting,
no doubt, but from an artistic point of view could
not be pronounced a success. The Ist prize went to
Mr. Grigor, gr. to A. 0. Gill. Esq., Fairfield ; the
2nd prize to Mr. Proctor, the 3rd to Mr. Forest, and
the 4th to Messrs. J. Cocker & Sons, nurservraen.
Aberdeen. The table of the latter was distinguished
by very excellent pot plants both flowering and
foliage, superior cut flowers, including magnificent

Roses, but was deficient in fruit and vegetables, and
therefore did not meet the full conditions of the
schedule. The 2ud prize table contained some well
bloomed plants of Dendrobium calceolus, D.
Pierardi, Miltonia vexillaria, Dendrochilum gluma-
ceum, and other Orchids.

Florists' flowers were numerous and on the whole
very well grown. Pinks and Carnations and Fansies
being numerous, but, owing to the long-continued
drought, deficient in size and substance.

Amongst novelties Messrs. Cocker exhibited their
new i^uchsia Countess of Aberdeen, having a white
corolla and white sepals, suffused with rose, which
received a First-class Certificate. They had also a
very excellent pure white Lobelia, exhibited for the
first time, and named Granite City. The flowers are
not so large as those of many whites, but it is
densely floriferous, and yet vigorous, while also neat
in habit. It cannot fail to become a great favourite
when it becomes known, as it is one of the best
varieties we have seen for bedding purposes. It
received a First-class Certificate.

The members of the Scottish Arboricultural So-
ciety were invited to visit the show by the com-
mittee as they passed_through Aberdeen on Sjiturday,
and about forty of the members availed themselves
of the courtesy extended to them, and were gratified
both with the show and the Duthie Park, which was
seen by many of them for the first time.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.

The ordinary monthly meeting of this Association
was held on the 2nd inst.. in the rooms, 5, St.
Andrew Square, Mr. Greive, Pilrig Nurseries, in the
chair. Mr. Ch.irles Webster, Gordon Castle, gave a
paper on " The Transplanting of Evergreen Trees
and Shrubs." Mr. Webster pointed out that the
most important factors in the successful transplanting
of evergreens were the season of the year, the
method adopted, and the treatment after the opera-
tion. In alluding to the old dictum, that evergreens
might be successfully transplanted in any of the
months in which the letter " r " occuned, he said it
might fairly apply to transplanting small nursery stock
if due attention to watering were given afterwards,
but to adopt it in the case of large trees and shrubs
would be only to court failure. The months which,
in his experience, at Gordon Castle, proved the most
favourable for transplanting, were April and Sep-
tember, the former being the preferable of the
two. But soil and situation as regards aspect, lati-
tude and altitude and shelter, had very important
influences on the success of the operation, espe-
cially in the case of very large plants. The advan-
tages of root-pruning large subjects at least
twelve months prior to transplanting was dis-
cussed, and pruning crowded plants by thinning
rather than by anv general shortening back of the
branches, was considered beneficial, and trenching
the ground to be planted some time before it was
to be occupied was an indispensable condition of
success.

A discussion followed, in which Jlr. Morrison, Mr.
Robertson Munro, Mr. McKenzie, Warriston, and
others, took part, and w^hich, in the main, showed a
general concun*ence of opinion in the principles and
practice dealt with in the paper.

A paper on the " Climate of Scotland " was read
by Mr. Robertson Munro. The object of the writer
was to show that the climate of Scotland had not, as
was alleged by some authorities, materially changed
for centuries. Beginning with the year 1563 the
writer gave copious notes of the weather down to
1743. These notes were collated from various
authorities and old records, and went to show that
the seasons throughout the period had been very
much like those which were recorded in more recent
years, and within the memory of those living. The
paper was listened to with gi-eat interest, and the
ivriter was accorded a warm vote of thanks for the
research and ability displayed in it. A cordial vote
of thanks was also accorded to Mr. ^^'ebster for his
pajier.

Messrs. T. Mcthven & Sons exhibited a fine spike
of the inflorescence of Phormiiim tenax. Messrs.
Dickson & Co.. showed some seedling Carnations, the
most important of which was an excellent pure white,
named Nelly Anderson, and a miscellaneous Collection
of stove and greenhouse flowers. Mr. Robertson
Munro. some twenty species and varieties of hardy
perennial flowers, including his valuable Matricaria
inodora Snowflake, the flowers of which are pore
white from centre to circumference.

AmscsT 18, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE

203

Forestry.

The Heport of the Select Committee of the House
of Commons appointed to consider whether, by the
establishment of a Forest School, or otherwise, our
woodlands could be rendered more remunerative,
have issued their report. They say that : — " The
woodlands belonging to the State are comparatively
small, though, even as regards them, the difference
between skilled and unskilled management would
itself more than repay the cost of a Forest School.
The woodlands in private hands, however, are far
more considerable, and the total area of woodlands
amounts, according to the agricultural accounts, to
2,788,000 acres, viz. :— England, 1,466,000 acres ;
Wales, 163,000 acres; Scotland, 829,000 acres;
Ireland. 330,000 acres. Moreover, strong evidence
has been given before the committee that large
tracts of land in the United Kingdom, espe-
cially in Scotland and Ireland, might be planted
with advantage. The forests in. India and the
Colonies must also be taken into consideration,
so that on the whole the forest area in the
British Empire is greater than that belonging to
any other country. The committee is satisfied
that, so far as Great Britain and Ireland are con-
cerned, the management of woodlands might be
materially improved, so that some considerable pro-
portion of the timber now imported, to the value of
£16,000,000, might, under more skilful management,
be raised at home. The witnesses examined before
the committee have been generally and strongly of
opinion that the establishment of forest schools, or,
at any rate, of some organised system of forest
instruction, would be very desirable. As regards
the formation of a forest school, more than one
centre of instruction would be desirable : though, in
the first instance, it might be well to establish one
school only, in order to secure the most complete
equipment, the best teachers, and a sufficiency of
students. This school would doubtless be situated
in England, but a school for Scotland is also
urgently needed, and it would probably be de-
sirable to found another in Ireland. As regards
Great Britain and Ireland, the demand would be
principally for instruction adapted to the needs
of land agents, foresters, and wood-reeves. Even as
regards ordinary woodmen, the committee considers
that a certain amount of simple and practical in-
struction would be very useful. Apart from the
question of actual profit derived from tree planting,
its importance as an accessory to agriculture is
shown by the effects which woods have in affording
shelter and improving the climate ; and the com-
mittee are of opnion that, whilst on public and
national grounds timber cultivation on a more
scientific system should be encouraged, landowners
might make their woods more remunerative were
greater attention paid to the selection of trees suit-
able to different soils, and to more skilful manage-
ment after the trees are planted. There would be
considerable social and economical advantages in an
extensive system of planting in many parts of the
kingdom, especially on the west side of Ireland and
in the Highlands of Scotland. The committee recom-
mends the establishment of a Forest Board, and

1. That the Board should be presided over by a re-
sponsible official (an expert by preference) appointed
by the Government, and reporting annually to some
department of the Government.

2. That the Board should be so constituted as to
comprise the principal agencies interested in the
promotion of a sounder knowledge of forestry, espe-
cially the various teaching and examining bodies, as
well as the professional societies.

3. That the following bodies should be in-
vited to send delegates to the Board ; — The Koyal
Agricultural Society of England, the Highland and
Agricultural Society of Scotland, the Royal Dublin
Society, the Office of Woods and Forests, the Lin-
nean Society, the Surveyors' Institution, the Eng-
lish Arboricultural Society, the Scottish Arboricul-
tural Society, and that the Director of Kew Gardens

should be a member c.r officio. That the Board
should also comprise three members of each House
of Parliament, and a certain number of owners or
managers of large woodlands, a preference in the
latter case being given to those who are in a position
to afford facilities for study in their woods.

4. That the functions of the Board should be : —
(ff) To organise forest schools, or, at any rate, a
course of instruction in forestry ; (6) to make pro-

students for examination, by a system of exemption
from examination in certain preliminary subjects, in
respect of which the candidates could produce a
certificate of proficiency.

Fig. 50.— siuex hk;^

vision for examinations; (') to prepare an official
syllabus and text-book.

5. That the examiners should be required to
examine in the following subjects, namely : — («)
Practical forestry; {h) botany; (c) vegetable phy-
siology and entomology, especially in connection with
diseases and insects affecting the growth of trees ;
{(1) geology, with special reference to soils ; (e) sub-
jects connected with land agency, such as land
drainage, surveying, timber measuring, &c.

Fig. 51.— pixe sawfly. (see p. 204.)

The expense of secretarial staff and examiners
need not, in the opinion of the committee, exceed
£500 a year, and the cost might be considerably
reduced by fees for diplomas.

The fact that the Indian Government already
incurs some expense in promoting the education of
forestry students for the Indian Service suggests the
adoption of the Royal Indian Engineering College
at Cooper's Hill as a nucleus for the proposed forestry
instruction.

Inducements might be offered to the Agricultural
Colleges and the Surveyors' Institution to send their

The Weather.

:cumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatuee.

Above or

Accumulated.

sa

Sp

below the

I,

t^

2^

z*~*

Mean for

'S.tt'

■2 j«

« 0

the week

H

!.i S

ending

v$.

Aug. 8.

¥

|5

Above 42
from Mea

4,
Below 42
from Mea

4,

Pr

ucipal Wheat^pro-

Day-

Day-

Day- I Day-

ducing Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg. deg.

0

Scotland, N. ...

I above

102

0

+ 203+ 37

1

Scotland, E. ...

2 above

120

0

+ 253!+ 40

2

England, N.E....

at above

laj

0

+ 146 + 82

3

England, E. ...

0 (aver.)

136

0

+ 35 + 168

4

Midland Cos. ...

1 above

142

0

+ 90|+ 166

5

England, S.

2 above

118

0

+ 15 + 151

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6.

Scotland, W. ...

1 above

112

0

+ 136;+ 47

7.

England.N.W....

2 above

137

0

+ 114 + 118

8.

England.S.W. ...

1 above

138

0

+ 107 + 172

9.

Ireland, N.

1 above

125

0

+ 276 + 23

10.

Ireland, S.

3 above

142

0

+ 283^+ 97

-

Channel Islands

4 above

160

0

+ 65+ 77

Raintall

Bright
sukshine.

Districts.

0.3

5 J=

ill

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

4 more

129

23.2

19

25

1. Scotland, E. ...

2 less

95

11.7

44

35

2. England, N.E. ...

6 less

81

7.6

50

35

3. England, E. ...

5 leas

77

8.7

72

44

4. Midland Cos. ...

6 less

74

9.2

63

38

6. England, S.

5 less

72

9.0

72

42

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W, ...

1 less

103

19.9

49

37

7. England.N.W,...

7 less

73

11.6

54

39

8. England, S.W....

8 less

78

10.9

76

48

9. Ireland, N.

3 more

98

15.8

38

36

10. Ireland, S.

7 less

82

13.4

41

43

— Channel Islands

5 less

86

9.2

83

52

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Aug. 8, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office ; —

" The weather continued fine and dry over England
during the whole period, but in the northern part.s
of Ireland and Scotland the conditions, though fair
or fine at first, subsequently became dull and un-
settled, with some heavy falls of rain.

" The temperature has been above the mean in
nearly all districts, the excess ranging from 1° to 4^.
The highest of the maxima, which were generally
recorded on the 6th, varied from 73° to 83° in

204

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AuQusT 13, 1887.

Ireland and Scotland, and from 82° to 89° over
England. The lowest of the minima, which were
registered during the earlier days of the period,
ranged from 36° in ' Scotland, E..'to 42° in ' Ireland,
S.,' and ' England, E.,' and to 43° in ' Scotland, N. ; '
in the ' Channel Islands ' the lowest reading was 50°.
The range of temperature over central and southern
England was very large ; at Strathfield Turgiss it
was as much as 47°, and at Hereford 48°.

" The rainfall has been more than the mean in
' Scotland, N.' and Ireland, N.,' but less in all other
districts ; over England rain has been almost entirely
absent.

" Bright sunshine has been more prevalent than it
was last week in nearly all places, the percentage of
the possible amount of duration ranging from 19
in ' Scotland, N.' to between 50 and 75 over the
greater part of England, and to 83 in the ' Channel

MEAN TEMPEHATUEE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE -WEEK ENDING AUGUST 20. (AVERAGE
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Aug. 14 ... .

... 62°.5

Aug.18

.. 62°.0

.. 15 ...

. ... 62<'.4

„ 19

.. ei^.s

„ 16 ...
„ 17 ...

... 62'=.3
... 62'>.1

„ 20

Mean for the week

. 62°.l

Enquiries.

*• He that guestioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon .

Spirits from Daffodil Bulbs. — In the Gar-
deners' Chronicle, 1875, p. 301, it is stated that a
spirit has been distilled from the roots of Daffodils,
or Narcissi, in Algeria, and that in 1855 a decree
was made in France that the said spirit might be im-
ported free of duty. Can any correspondent tell me
if the manufacture is still going on? I quote this
passage in connection with a statement recently
made to me, that the monks at the Grande Char-
treuse grow large plots of Daffodils, which they use
in the fabrication or flavouring of their celebrated
liqueur. Any information as to either of the
queries above raised will be cordially (!) welcomed.

/''. jr. B.

Notices to Correspondents.

Black Rot in Grapes : Peter. We believe there is
no known cure for this malady of the Vine.

Clover ; C. B. The too common Dodder, Cuscuta
Europaja, a parasitic plant that feeds on the
Clover. You have bought some cheap uncleaned
seed, and must submit to the penalty. Kake it up
and burn it at once, so far as possible.

Coke Delivery : JF. M. The charge is quite fail' —
indeed, you have had a slight advantage.

Insects : Gopsall. Sirex gigas, an insect that is
often found in the neighbourhood of woods in great
numbers ; the laivx live in wood, and sometimes
commit great ravages in Larch plantations (see
fig. 50), — Bedouin. Your Scotch and other Firs
are attacked by the larv£E of the feather-homed
saw-fly (Lophyrus Pini), (see fig. 51). They are
now full gi'own. and many .are already changed
to pupa;, so that the best thing will be to
sweep the ground under the trees clean and
burn the rubbish in which many of the pupa;
have nestled. /. 0. W. — J. C. Your Vine and
Rose borders are greatly infested with a species of
Polydesmus (or hundred-legs), probably imported.
They may be trapj)ed with slices of Carrots, Tur-
nips, or Potatos. /. 0. W.—T. W. The leaves of
your Reeds have had their parenchyma eaten to a
great extent by the larvte of a minute subcutaneous
species of Muscida:, which have been in many in-
stances destroyed by a still smaller green Ptero-
malus. The mischief is done for the present.
I. 0. IV.

Ferns of New Zealand : De B. Crawshay. Sir J.
D. Hooker's Handbook of the J^ew Zealund Flora
will give you all tlie rerpiired information.

Instruction in Farmino : Planidus. Consult the
Editor of the Agricultural Gazette.

Lily of the Valley : Swindon Hall. Send to T.
Jannock, Lily Nursery, Dersingham, King's Lynn,
for his pamphlet on growing this flower.

Names of Plants : 8. F. ^ Co. A Hyoscyamus,
but whether H. niger or H. aureus we cannot tell
from the scrap sent.— 2>. T. F. Salicornia herbacea,
Lupinus luteus. — Cymra. 1, Euonymus japonicus
variegatus ; 2, Golden Arbor-vitie ;" 3, not known ;
4, a variety of the common Arbor-vita;, Thuia
orientalis ; 5, Cephalotaxus drupacea ; 6, Santo-
Una chamiecyparis ; 7, Juniperus communis; 8,
Escallonia macrantha ; 9, not recognisable ; 10,
not known. — G. S. 1, Pimelea decussata; 2, not
recognised ; 3, Acalypha rubra ; 4, Hemerocallis
fulva, double flowered ; 6, not recognised ; 6, Iresine
Lindeni. — P. tf S. Viburnum Lantana, wild shrub
on chalky soil. — J. W. W. 1 and 2, Quercus, im-
possible to name with certainty without acorn-
cups, &c. ; 3, Q. sessiliflora (form of) ; 4, Q.
Cerris (form of). — E. G. M. I, Echinops sphaero-
cephalus ; 2, Chlorophytum Sternbergianum. —
J. H. Calystegia pubescens. — J. M. Rubus laci-
niatus, often to be found in nurseries. Both for
foliage and fruit it is worth a place in the wild
garden. — J. M. Balsamita vulgaris, the Costraary
or Alecost of the old herbalists.—//. B. 1, Pteris
cretica albo-lineata ; 2, Adiantum concinnum
latum ; 3, Gymnogramma chrysophylla Lauche-
ana ; 4, Gymnogramma decomposita. — B. A. 1,
Abutilon moUissimum ; 2, Spiriea Fortunei ; 3,
Mesembryanthemums; 4, Begonia Weltoniensis X.
— B. A. 1. Pteris cretica var. ; 2, Pteris serrulata
cristata ; 3, C'roton intcrruptus ; 4, Pteris adiau-
toides ; 5, Adiantum cuneatum grandiceps ; 6, Do-
ryopteris palmata ; 7, Adiantum tenerum ; 8,
Adiantum excisum multifidum. — D. L. M. Stan-
hopea occulata. — J. M., Merton. Saponaria oflici-
nalis. The Fern is Onychium japonicum (0.
lucidum).— J. E. The little plant in the bottle,
from which your friend makes a kind of drink,
is the so-called Ginger Beer plant — a fungus
that developes to a large size when kept in sweet-
ened water in a warm place. See Gardeners'
Chrunicle, p. 542, April 26, 1S84, for a full descrip-
tion of it. — 0. 0. Please send .another specimen
when we will name it.
New Pea : E. M. Your Pea is a su])erior one
— large, good colour, pod of moderate length, and
much more sugary, both in the raw state and
cooked, than many others in the market.
Phylloxera on the Oak : J. H. K. There is no
doubt whatever that the insect on the Oak is not
tlie same as that on the Vine ; and, moreover, tliat
the Phylloxera of the Vine will not live on any
other phant but the Vine. The foreign Govern-
ments, with their absurd regulations, have, as we
said from the first, created great inconvenience
and loss, without the slightest compensating
advantage. They have ignored all the teachings
of science, which, in this case at least, were quite
free from all doubt. Even Germany, where know-
ledge is more widely disseminated than elsewhere,
is in this matter as stupid as the rest.
Potting Plants ; J. F. We do not suppose a good
hand would transfer more tlian 1500 plants frpni
go's into 48's, in a working day of ten and a half
hours, and even then everything must be to his
hand, and the potted stufl" removed quicklv.
Rose : J. S. The moss-like growth is the work of
an insect (Cynips rosie). It is called in some
parts of the country Robin's Pincushion.
Twelve Zonal Pelaegonicms for Pots : H. W.
jNIr. H. Cannell, crimson and maroon ; Swanlev
Gem, bright salmon ; Scarlet Cloth, rich shade of
scarlet ; Miranda, magenta ; Lord Chesterfield,
solt shade of magenta; Plutarch, bright scarlet,
white eye; Mrs. Norris, massive scarlet, dwarf and
free : Advance, scarlet, good form ; Cato, orange-
scarlet ; W. H. Williams, rich crimson, suffused
purple, white eye ; Commander-in-Chief, rich
scarlet, free, good trusses, as a winter bloomer un-
surpassed ; Golden Glory, deep scarlet, suflfused
orange, great substance, one of the best.
Twelve Evergreen SHRrss for Churchyard,
Morecambe Bay : B. H. E. Arbutus Unedo ;
*Berberisaquifolium; *B. dulcis; Cerasus colchica;
C. lusitanica (Portugal Laurel) ; Daphniphyllum
glaucescens ; *Euonymus japonicus, and varieties ;
*Garrya elliptica : *Hypericum calycinum, as a low
shrub to plant in shady places ; Ilex aquifolinm
(common Holly), many varieties; Laurus nobilis
(Sweet Bay) ; Quercus Ilex ; *Irish Yews, Plant
this month or next. Get plants with good balls of
earth if you can, and see that the plants are well
syringed overhead in dry weather. Those marked
with an asterisk are of small growth, and would be
suitable for the narrow part of the place.

ToMATOs : Market Grower and W. E. H. The leaves
are affected with the Tomato disease. As the
spawn grows from the inside we fear there is no
cure. Burn the plants, as it will spread.

Vines : X. L. J. We do not see any Phylloxera ;
watch, and send again. Look to the roots.

White-flowkred Beoonla : H, H, D, We find
nothing remarkable in it.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Waite, Nash & Co., 79, Southwark Street, London,
S.E. — Flower Roots, Wholesale List.

Vilmorin-Andhiedx et Cie., 4, Quai de la Megis-
serie, Paris — Bulbs and Strawberries.

Communications RECErvED:~E. P., Ghent.— E. J. C. B.—
O. G. (with thanis).— K. V.— C. D.— W. B. H.— E. G.— B. S.
W.— W. B.— H. Hincks.— E. W. W.— E. H.— R. B. L. & Son.
— W, B. H.— W. K.— E. A. R.— J. R. J.— W. E.— W. K.
(next week).— Probus.— Miss E. P.

Markets.

COVENT GARDEN, August 11.
No alteration in prices. Trade quiet. James ll'cb-
ber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fbuit.— Average Wsolesai,e Fbiceb.

Apples, f .sieve 13-36

Cherries, J-sieve ... 6 0-10 0
Grapes, per lb. ... 10-26
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 9-13
Kent Filberts, 100 lb.50 0- ...
Lemons, per caae ...12 0-21 0

Melons, each ... 16-33

Peaches, dozen ... 2 0-80
Pine-apple3.Eng.,lb. 10-16

Vegetablks— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. doz.... 4 0- ...

Aubergines, each ... 0 -1- ...

Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 ^- ...

Beet, red, per dozen 10-20

Carrots, per bunch... 0 6-
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle... 16-20
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6- 1 0
Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 2 0-50
Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 3- ...

Potatos. — Jerseys about finished. Kents, 2s. 6rf. to 45. per
bushel ; Cherbourgs, 4s. to ^s. ; Roses, bs. to ^s. ; Beauties,
6s. to 7s. per cwt. Markets heavy.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Frioes.

«. rf. s. d.

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel... 4 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Peas, per quart ... 1 6- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

,. kidney, percwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 5 0- ...
Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...

Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2- ...

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 4
Balsams, per dozen... 3
Calceolaria, dozen ... 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

per dozen (

Ferns, in variety, per

dozen *

Ficus elastica, each . :
Foliage plants, vari-

0-18 0 Fuchsias, doz. ... 3 0-90

0- 6 0 I Heliotrope, dozen ... 4 0-80
0-6 0 Hydrangeas, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
0-9 0 Lilium longiflorum,

0-12 0 I per dozen 18 0-24 0

I — laucifolium, per

0-60 0 I dozen 9 0-18 0

0-24 0 i Lobelias, dozen ... 3 0-40

Mignonette, doz. ... 4 0-60
0-18 0 , Musk, per dozen ... 2 0-40

Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0

0-24 0 Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0

! Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-12 0

0-18 0 — scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

6-7 0 — Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40

Rhodanthe, dozen ... 6 0- 9 0
0-10 0 Scented Verbena, doz. 4 0-60

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilona, 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Asters, 12 bunches...

— French, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 blms.

— dozen bunches...
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Eucliaris, per dozen
Gardeaias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Jasmine, white, bun.
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms

— lancifolium,12bl.
Lavender, 12 bun. ...
Marguerites, 12 bun.

2 0-40

3 0-50
3 0-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 6-10
3 0-60
10-20
3 0-60
3 0-60
0 6-10
0 6-09

3 0-60
16-20

4 0-50
3 0-60

Mignonette, 12 bun. 1 (
Myosotis, 12 bun. ... 2 (
Pelargoniums. 12 spr. 0 t

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 ■,
Pinks, coloured and

white, 12 bun. ... 2 (
Primulas, double, 12

Pyrethrum, 12 buu.V. 2 i
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 t

— coloured, dozen. 0 (

— red,perdozen ... 0 f

— Saffrano, dozen... 0 t
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 (
TropEBolimis, 12 bun. 1 (
Tuberoses, 12 blms.... 0 *

POTATOS.

Borough and Sprr.\LriEn>s : Aiiijust D. — "With
increasc'd supplies prices are easier, except for fine
good samples, which uphold their value. Quota-
tions :— Hobrons, lOO^. to H30.^^ ; Early Roses, Ws. to
1105.; Myatts, \QOs. to 1405.; Jersey and French
flukes, 1105. to 1205. per ton.

ArGusT 13, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

205

ORCHID PEAT.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London. E.G.. having received the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from one of the largest Orchid Growers
in England, stating the 3 trucks of ORCHID PEAT just re-
ceived, to be by far the best ever introduced, are therefore in-
duced to place this fact before consumers. Samples can be
seen at above address, or forwarded on application.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have also an estate with some good
GENERAL PEAT upon it.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acltnowledged to be the best tor all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, FERNS. HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

bv innumerableunsolicitedTestimoni.ils. Rhododendron PEAT,
LEAF-MOULD. LOAM, SAND. SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FIBRE, CHARCOAL, &c.. and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials,

EPPS & CO., RINGWOOD, HANTS.

JENSEN'S

Every grain fertili

...,..-. o ^v,......^ the Guano is perfectly

^. *« .o ^o3t economical, one part of Manure to
lOO parts of soil being ample for gardeo i

Write for Pamphlet, Testimoniala and Instructions.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker'a analysis guaranteed. FISH-POT.\SFI
contains Ammonia, Phosphates and Potash in large
proportions, which are the principal elements of
fertilization.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins, Is. ; in Bags, 7Ibs., 2s. ; Ulbs.,

4s.; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d.; 66 lbs., 10s. 6d.: 1 cwt.,

16s.; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

GtARDEN and FARM REQUISITES.—
r Archangel, Petersburg. Garden and Packing MATS of
every description. RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, and CLOTH ;
GREENHOUSE SHADINGS of all kinds; PEAT, LOAM,
SILVER-SAND, and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE; GARDEN
NETTING and TOOLS ; RICK-CLOTHS and TARPAULINS
for sale or hire; MARQUEE, TENT, and FLAG Makers;
JUBILEE TENT, 26s. each, complete.

SLY, DIBBLE and CO.. 129. Commercial Street, London, E.
Illustrated Catalogues post-free.

The Best Manure for all Horticultural Purposes Is

RICHARD MANN and GO.'S
UNIVERSAL FERTILISER.
It is the most effective and permanent fertiliser in the
market. We have taken over 1000 First Prizes tor Plants,
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables grow-n with this Manure. In
tins. Is. ; bags, 7 lb., 2s. id. : 14 lb., 4s. 6rf. ; 28 lb.. 7s. 6rf. ;
56 lb.. 12s. Qd. ; 112 lb., 20s., all carriage paid. We also

supply finest quality Fish Guano, pure Dissolved Bones,
Crushed Bones, in 1 cwt. bags. 10s., carriage paid.
Voelcker's Analysis guaranteed. Cash with order.

RICHARD MANN and CO.. Howden, East Yorkshii

Dr.

THE ACME

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED,
10, St. Helen's Place, London, E.G.

WEED-KILLER, for destroying Weeds on Carriage Drives,
Garden Walks, Stable Yards, &c. Prices; — Per gallon, 2s.,
tins included ; 5 gallons, Is. 6rf. per gallon ; 10 gallons. Is. id,
per gallon. One gallon makes 26 gallons.

WORM-KILLER, for eradicating worms from Tennis
Courts, Lawns, and Plants in Pots. Prices: — In bottles,
Is. 'id. and 25. 6(f ; per gallon, 6s.

THE "INVICTA" INSECTICIDE.

For destroying insects nnd parasites, such Bs mealy-bug,
scale, thrips, red spider, Americnn blight, &c. In tins. Is. 33.
and 25. 6<^. ; per gallon, 9^.

The "INVICTA" MILDEW DESTBOYEB,

Roses, Vines, &c.
K)ttk'9, is. and L's.

Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers.

THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY,

TONBRIDGE, KENT.

Sold by Seedsmen and Florists.

Note. — There is no branch of our business at Glasgow or

elsewhere, and we are not connected with any company of a

I Domestic&Jafer- Sii ddIvI

I RIDER'S PBtent HOT AIR

© Household Pumping engine,

© with pEtent

IREMOVABLE

i Furnace I

© Sole Makers,

%Ha\wardJyler&C^

Cost of i
raising %

10 0 0 Gaimt

&0 ft. High I

ONE PENNY.i

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

, , 1887.

Please send me " The Gardeners' Chronicle " for _

^Months,

_,for lohich I enclose P.0.0._

commencing

gS" Please Note tliat all Copies sent Direct from tUs Office must be paid for In advance. ,M

THE rNITED KIXGDOM :— 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months. 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) ;— Including Postage, 17s. 6rf. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6(

Receipts for les3 than six montha' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DBUBY LANE, London, to "W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2*. 6d. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 75. 6d. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WAXKER AND CO.. Famboro' Station. Hants.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardener? since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thripg, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake agamst
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, 1j., 3s.. and 10s. 6rf.

GISHimSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

Packages and packintj frcf. a'ld iii'lu-ci\-<t ^/ any Loiuion Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 oz. 21 oz.

300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6,
15/6 or 260 squares 8J by 6}, or 220
19/- squares, 9J by 6^, or 170 squares,
24/- 9 by 7}, or 150 squares. 10 by 8,

11/-
13/-
17/6
13/-
- 21/-
20 „ 12 „ 24/-

12

31/-

)/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all o
:S3.

35/-
Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotationa
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LE.iD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,
14, Moor Lane, Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

Use Antimonial

EED RUBBER
GARDEN HOSE.

Originated by me when with Merrtweather & Sons, and
guaranteed made from pure Para Fibrous Rubber, with
genuine antimony.

Order any length direct, with or without Fittings, at Stores'
Prices, and avoid worthless counterfeit hose.

PUMPS, WATER BARROWS. LAWN FOI.TNTAINS,
GARDEN ENGINES, CANVAS HOSE, COUPLINGS, and
FITTINGS in all sizes.

J. H. HEATHMAN,

SHOW ROOMS :— 2. ENDELL STREET, LONDON, W.C.

Basher's Garden Edging laea.

""HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

n materials of great durability. The plainer

sorts are specially suited for
^ KITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little j
and once put down inci
further labour or expense
do "grown" Edgings, cor
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3x. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elalmrate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tilea

of all kinda. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER Airo CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L ^V E K S A N D ,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS tor Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

206

THE GABDENElfS' CEBONIGLE.

[AroTJST 13, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ! garden requisites.

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

4 Lines.

£0

3

0

15 Lines.

. £0 8

6

5 „ ■

. 0

3

6

16 „ .

0 9

0

6 „ .

0

4

0

17 „ .

. 0 9

6

7 „ .

0

4

6

18 „ .

0 10

0

8 „ .

0

5

0

19 „ .

0 10

6

9 „ .

0

5

6

20 „ .

0 n

0

10 „ .

0

6

0

21 „ .

0 11

6

11 „ .

0

6

6

22 „ .

0 12

0

12 „ .

0

7

0

23 „ .

0 12

6

13 „ .

0

7

6

24 „ .

0 13

0

14 „ .

0

8

0

25 „ .

0 13

6

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set acro33 two Columng, the lowest charee will be 20s.

f set acro^ three Columus. the lowest charge will be 30s.

Page. £3; Half Page, £4 10s.; Column, £3.

GARDENERS and OTHERS WANTING SITUATIONS.

36 words, including name and address. Is. 6(Z.,

and 6i. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
This scale doea not apply to announcements of Vacant

Situations, which s

charged at the ordinary scalp.

IMPORTANT NOTfCE. — AdveHisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, at
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
retwned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 55. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office

by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kingdom: 12 Montln. 15s.; 6 Months.

7s. 6d. ; 3 Mouths. 3s. 9d.

Foreign fexceptinf^ India and China); including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China. 19s. 6d.

Post-office Orders to be maile payable at the Post Office.

42, DKURY LANE. W.C, to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41. Wellington Street. Strand. London. W.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GEATEFUL-COMFOKTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

THE BEil

CAMOr^lLE PILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

^:HNDIGESTION^:;-^

See Teatimonial, Bclectcd. from hundreds:—

CROYDON, iSSs.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, 1 am happy to
say that I have at last 7tot only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
"7. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.

Sold everywhere, price is. ihd., 2s. gd. and lis.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway AcLidfiit?<. Knipl.^yr's Li.iliilitv. injured a^inst by the

EAILWAY I'AS.Si^.NUKlW ASSURANCE
CO.MPAiN'Y. 64, Cornliill, LuuOou. Income, £24«.000.
Ckimpensation paid for 118.000 accidents, £2,350,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. j Head
Office. 84, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE.

4rf. per bushel ; 100 for 255. ; truck (loose, sibout 2 tons),
40.?. ; 4-bu9hel bat^s, id. eath.

LIGHT BROWN FIBKOUS PEAT, 6s. W. per sack ; 6 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, 4d. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
4d. each.

COARSE SIL\'F:r sand. Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per hall
ton ; 26s. per ton. in 2-bushel bags. 4d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s, ad. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called I7A, Coal Yard), W.C.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

{Publishers of May's Press Guidk.)
ADVERTISING AGENTS,

159, PICCADILLY,
London, W.,
RECEIVE AD\^RTISEMENTS for all London. Provincial.
Continental. Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre-
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.
Special advantages to Large Advertisers.
Established 1850.
Only Address — 159, PICCADILLY, London, W.

Now Ready.

Part 9 of the .'ird Series of

WARNER'S SELECT ORCHIDACEOUS
PLANTS. Published by Robert Warner, Esq.,
F.L.S., F.R.H.S.,with Illustrations of Odontoglossum Edithiie,
Angraecum Ellisii, Epidendmm vitellinum giganteum, admir-
ably executed and coloured by hand.

The 1st and 2nd Series comprise together 79 beautifully
Coloured Plates, and with the moat reliable Cultural Directions,
form admirable volumes for the table of every drawing-room.
This work is, by permission, specially dedicated to the Queen.
Prizes were awarded at the Botaniual Congress held at
Amsterdam, Brussels, Ghent, Philadelphia. St. Petersburgh,
Vienna, and Calcutta Exhibition.

Published at 27, The Crescent, Cripplegate, London, E.C.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review) — 13th year. — Amoiigthe principal Contributors are : —
A. Allard. E, Andre, C. Baltet. F. Burvenich, F. Crepin,
O. d- K'-'),Mv.> <]- D.^nterghera, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
.T.iii-'. I I: < . 11. I f. Kicks. T.Moore, C.Naudin,B.01iveira,
H. ( '; I 1 I,., t. E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert

Si-u. II i ,1 , J. van Volxem. H. -T. Veitch, A West-

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year
14s. payable in advance.

Publishing 0£Bce : 134, Rue de Bmxelles. Ghent. Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYN/VEUT.
GhfMit.

A DVEUTLSER desires a rARTNERSHIP

JrV. in an I-NfiiMishi>d Nuimtv business. — Particulars to
C. H. W., ■■Tlir.-r ^^\^;ul-*■" H,.t.-1. S.ili-bury.

Covent Gaxden Market, W.C.

PARTNER WANTED, ^\'hole attention re-
quired. Must be adapted to the business, and be
energetic— G. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a smart clever all-round
GARDENER, as Second Hand. One from Private
Service preferred and total abstainer. — Apply personally,
Mr. W. GREEN, Bishopwood House, Highgate, N,

WANTED, a practical GARDENER, for
about 1 Acre of Land, which consists of both Flowers,
Greenhouse, aud Vegetables.— H. WHITING, St. Saviour's,
Norwich.

WANTED, a GARDENER, married, no
family. Singli^handcd place. No Ghiss. Wife must be
able to take charge of Furnished House. — .411 particulars from
J. B. TIBBITTS, Esq., Barton Seagrave, Kettering.

WANTED, in a Week, a good SINGLE-
HANDED GARDENER. Boy kept. About 2 acres.
Two Conservatories, with Vines and Forcing-house. Must be
married, and state family. Wages about 21s., with good four-
roomed lodge.— E. D., Langton Lodge, Hendon, N.W.

WANTED, for September next, a FORE-
MAN— one who has had good experience in all the
routine of a Market Nursery. Must be over 30 years of age,
and of good character. A good opportunity for a first-class
man.— WALSHAW and SON, Scarborough.

WANTED, a good PROPAGATOR and
GROWER ; also a Young MAN, to Solicit Orders and
Work up Home Trade. — State wages and particulars, to
H. ENGLISH. Fairlie Nursery, Clevedon, Somer.'tet.

WANTED, a GROWER and PROPAGA-
TOR, to Work the Greenhouse Department (principally
Softwooded) of a small Scotch Nursery. Must be successful,
active, and methodical, aud liave some experience of Cut
Flowers, Wreaths, &c. Good encouragement to a lirst-class
man (married preferred). — Apply, with full particulars,
stating age. salary, &.C., to STORREE AND STORRIE, Florists,
Dundee, N.B.

WANTED, a young MAN, thoroughly
experienced in Growing Ferns fur Market. Married,
preferred. References required.— .1. WILLI A.MS, :«i. Turner
Road, Lee. Blackheath, S.E.

ANTED, a good FLORIST.—

y. S., Messrs. Smith &Sons, Union street, Birmingham.

w

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.~To Advertisers. Subscribers, and
Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should befilledin payable at No. 42, DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular ofjfice, asid
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B.— The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addressed " Paste Restante" to initials or to fictitious
7iames are not forwarded, bid are at once returned to the

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many ijistances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quenthj the sender cannot be identified at ail.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

ICH ARD SMITH and OH

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, aud that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&C.— St. Johns NiirstTi.-s Worrcsler.

Gardeners, Under Gardeners, Bailiffs, &c.

WM. CUTIiUSlI AND SUN have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whose characters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
can recommend as to abilities, &c. — Ladies and Gentlemen re-
quiring either of the above can be suited with reliable, first-class
men byapplyingto Wm. Cutbush &Son, Highgate Nurseries, N.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, ILIILIFFS. Or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 2.18, High Holboru, W.C.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can KEC<>.M:\IE\D with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND SONS. The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

HE LIVERROOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (.John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character aa HEAD
GARDENER, and also another M.\N, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

GARDENER (HEAD),or ORCHID GROWER.
— Age 39, married, youngest child age 10; thoroughly
practical. Good experience. Well recommended. — HEAD
GARDENER, Forest View, Chigwell Row, Essex.

GARDENER (Head), where one or two are
kept.— Age 30, married ; good character from present
and previous employers.— GEORGE LONG, Deene Rectory
Gardens, Wansford.

ARDENER (Head), where four or more

are kept. — £5 Bonus will be given to any one securing
advertiser a situation. Excellent character.— RED IN GTON,
Wonersh, near Guildford, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 32; seventeen
years' practical experience ia all branches. Five years
in last situation. Highest references as to character and
abilities from present and previous employers. — W. SCOTT,
The Gardens, Sherborne House, Northleach, Gloucestershire.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married.—
A Gentleman can recommend his Gardener as a good
all-rouud man ; thoroughly practical aud trustwortliy, Five
years in present situation; nineteen years' experience. —
JOSEPH TIMSON, Shirley Croft, Grantham.

G^ ARDENER (Head). — Age 42, married,
T family one boy (age 12) ; has a thorough knowledge of
the routine of Gardening, aud Early and Late Forcing. Good
character.— S. B., 27, Tewkesbury Road, Seven Sisters' Road,
London. N.

(^ ARDENER (Head), where two or three
y are kept.— Age 4-5, married, 2 children (youngest age 8);
twenty-five years' practical experience in Greenhouses, Vines,
Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardens, &c. Two
years in present situation. Leaving solely on oi,vn account.
—J. HUMPHREY, Caldecott, Abingdon, Berks.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30. — Mr.
Clarke, Gardener. Lowther Castle, Penrith, has very
great pleasure in recommending his Foreman, Wm. Webber,
to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, who may be in want of
a thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, with excellent
references from previous employers.

August 13. 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

207

GARDENER (Head), where a man of ability
and strict integrity ia required, and where the follow-
ing things are well grown — Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Cu-
cumbers, Melons, Toroatos, Mushrooms, Stove and Urteuhouse
Plants, Ferns, Orchids, Roses, Chrysanthemums, Flower and
Kitchen Gardening, Early and Late Forcing, and the Keeping
of Pleasure Grounds in first-class order. — Age 36, married, two
children (youngest age 8); reliable, competent, industrious,
and trustworthy ; abstainer. — GARDENER, Price, Flo^i:^t.
Ewell Road, Surbiton.

ARDENER (Head AVorking), or ORCHID

GROWER.— Age 30, married; sixteen years' thorough
experience under best of gardeners; highly recommended as
capable in every branch, especially in Orchids. — GARDENER,
5, Parade. Church Road, Teddingtou, S.W.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,

married ; thorough practical man in all branches. Land
and Stock if required. Good references. — A. B., 53, Paragon
Koad, Mare Street, Hackney, E.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 42,

married ; thorough in all branches. Seven years in present
situation. Previous and present testimonials undeniable. —
P. M., 1, Hope Cottage, Leighton Road, Kentish Town, N.

ARDENER (Head AN'obking), or other-

wise. — Ace 30. married ; total abstainer. Thoroughly
practical in all branches. Good character. — E. IS/iACS,
Shenfield Road. Reading, Berks.

GARDENER (Head Working), where not
less than four are kept. — Age 39; thoroughly experi-
enced. Higlily recommended. — W. WOOD, Portland Cottages,
Old Windsor.

G"^ ARDENER (Head Working). — Married,
X no family ; twenty-eight years' practical experience in
all branches. Good character. 'Total abstainer. — H. B., 28,
Pope Road. Bromley Common, Kent.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Married,

one child ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Over
six years' good character as Head. — W. C, 30, Oakfield Street.
Altrincham, Cheshire.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 28,

single: ten years' experience in the Growing of Fruit.
Flowers, and Vegetables. Can be well recommended as to
character and ability.— T. STACK, Treberfydd, Bvvlch R.S.O..

ARDENER (Head Working; age 27.—

Mr. DavIES. Gardener to A. 0. Walker, E3(|., Tlie Lead
Works, Cheater, will he pleased to recommend his Foreman,
E. T. Jones, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical
Gardener. Two years" good character.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Family,

one girl; thoroughly understands Vineries, Peach-
houses, Stove, Conservatory, Ferns, Orchids, &c. Also good
Kitchen Gardener. Eight years' good character. — HE/VD
G.VRDENER, 7, Evesham Place, Stratford-on-Avon.

ARDENER (Head Working); age 32,

married.— A Gentleman giving up wishes to recom-
mend his Head Gardeuer as a thorough practical man in all
branches. Fruit Culture a specialty. — H. T., FuUbrooks,
Worcester Park. Surrey.

ARDENER (Head Working); age 27,

single.— Sir WalTEB Farquhar. Bart., highly recom-
mends the above as a practical trustworthy man. Fourteen
years' experience in all branches in first-class estiiblishmeuts.
Abstainer.- W. GOLDSMITH, Polesden Lacey, Dorking.

ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—

Mr. Forbes, Gardener to W. Drury Lowe, Esq., Locke
Park, near Derby, can highly recommend his Foreman,
Frederick Beney, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
practical Gardener. Fourteen years' experience. — Address as

ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 30,

married, no family; well up in Vines, Peaches, Figs,
Cucumbers and Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower
and Kitchen Garden. Three and a half years in last, and un-
exceptionable references from that and previous situations. —
HORTUS, 14. Pomona Place. King's Road. Fulham, S.W.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

or three are kept.— Age 34, married, no family ; twenty
years' practical experience in all branches of Gardening. Over
four and a half years' good character from present employer as
Head. Previous good testimonials. Wages 24s., with house. —
E. MERRICK. Fetcham, Leatherhead.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed).— H. To-MS. Gardener to the Earl of
Listowel. is open for an engagement as above. Good character.
—Kingston House. Prince's Gate. S.W.

ARDENER (Head, or good Single-

HANDED. — Jliddle-aged, married, no encumbrance;
thoroughly experienced in all branches. Good reference. —
W.. Queen's Nursery. Selhurst, S.E.

ARDENER (Head, or good Single-

HANDED). — Age 34, married; thoroughly practical and
energetic. Sixteen years' experience. Abs^iner. Two years
in present situation, fiveand three previously. Good character.
—GARDENER. 6. Franklin Street. Stamford Hill, N.

GARDENER. — Age 25 ; good character ;
willing to make himself generally useful.— A. JACOBS,
Mill Green, Ingatestone, Essex.

GARDENER, married.— Situation wanted by
a Scotch Gardener of experience. Wife could take
charge of Lodge. First-class Certificates.- For particulars,
apply to No. 60, Urquhart & Co., Seed Merchants, Inverness.

GARDENER. — Age 22, single ; seven years'
experience in the Largest Nurseries in Germany and
London. Good references. Strong and willing. — S. E., 48,
Cambridge Street, Hyde Park, W.

GARDENER; age 40, married.— Isaac
Matthews & Sox wish to recommend a thorough
practical man as Gardener. Well up in his profession. Good
references. — Apply for further particulars to The Nurseries,
Milton, Stoke-on-Trent.

ARDENER. — W. Whallet, Addington

Park, Croydon. Surrey, wishes to recommend his Fore-
man, who has been with him nearly six years, to any Lady or
Gentleman who requires the services of a good Practical
Gardener.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him; age 36, married, four children.— A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses, Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons, Peaches, &c.— J. BARTLETT, Mrs. Carpenter's,
Bediiamptou, Havant.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or good
Second).— Age 29, married when suited ; twelve and a
half years' character, personal or otherwise.— J. DUFFIELD,
16, Rose Cottages, West Street, Dorking.

GARDENER (Second), in small establish-
ment.—Age 24, single.— J. MARCHANT, Castle Hill,
Addington, near Croydon, Surrey.

ARDENER (Second, or Third in a good

establishment). — Age 26; ten years' experience, three in
present situation. Excellent character. — J. N., Mr. Plane,
6, Benson Street, Cambridge,

ARDENER (Under, or Thibd in a Gentle-

man's garden). — Age 20 ; strong and active. Been four
years at Jobbing Work.— T. R.. G. Goude. Whittlesea, Cambs.

GARDENER (Under) ; good experience, or
could Manage good Single-handed) place. — Age 22;
distance no object. Four years' good personal character.— B.
WELCH. Stanhope Road, North Finchley, N.

ARDENER (UnderX outside. — Age 25;

good character.- E. SMITH. Little Common, Stanmore.

GARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
ment.—Age 18; five years' experience.— W.BAUTLETT,
Fulbourn, Cambs.

GARDENER (Under), where two or more
are kept.— Age 22 ; understands Kitchen Garden and
other work. Good references. — J. C. MANLEY, 1, Lime Cot-
tages, Hillingdon, Uxbridge.

ARDENER (Undek), in the Houses, or In-

side and Out. — Age 22 ; three years' good character.
Nine years' experience. — E. W ATKINS, Botanic Garden,
Queen's Road, Chelsea, S.W.

To the Trade.

FOREMAN, MANAGER, or to Manage a
Branch. — Middle-aged ; over twenty years' practical
knowledge of Growing and Forelig Plants, Flowers, and Fruits
for Market, or otherwise. Good references.- H. PESTKIDGE,
Longlands Park, Sidcup.

OREMAN ; age 23.— W\ Temple, Gardener

to G. H. Finch, Esq., M.P., can confidently recommend

A. Giblett as above.— Burley-on-the- Hill Gardens, Oakham.

FOREMAN, in the Houses in a good establish-
ment.— Age 26 ; first-class references. — G. L., The Gar-
dens, Southwood, Hildenborough, Kent.

OREMAN, or Second in Houses.- Age 23 ;

nine years' experience in Plant and Fruit Houses. Used

to House and Table Decorations. Good recommendations, —

H.B.. I.Rose Terrace, Eagle Walk, NewmarketRoad, Norwich.

OREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER

of Plants and Choice Cut Flowers, &c.— Eighteen yrars'
practice. Good references from large Market Growers. —

B. C, 2, Ashbourne Terrace, Wimbledon.

ROUND FOREMAN (Working), where

Fruit Trees are largely grown. — Age 30, married; six
years good character from present situation.— POMONA, Mr.
Cannon, Lee's Nursery, Ealing.

URSERY FOREMAN (Woeking).— Fifteen

years' experience in the general routine of Outdoor
Nursery Work. Four years' good references as Foreman. —
DANKS, High Street. Harbourno. Birmingham.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 28;

-L fourteen years' experience in good Market Nurseries, as
above. Good Salesman, and references. State wages. — H.
EDEN, Sharman's Cross. Solihull.

ROPAGATOR, under a Foreman.— Seven
years' experience in Grafting Roses, Clematis, and other

PROPAGATOR (Assistant), Indoor or Out,
in a good establishment. — Four and a half years' refer-
ence from old-established firm. — Address with terms to
BRIGGS, Courtlands, Sandrock Road, Tunbridge Wells.

J" OURNEYMAN, or SECOND GARDENER,
in a good establishment. — Age 24; three and a half
years in last place — five previous. Can be well recommended
by last and previous employers.— A. LUSBY, 137, Sydney
Street, King's Road. Chelsea, S.W.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
Eight years' experience. Inside and Out. Good references.
— R. D., Bishopsford, Mitcham, Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establish-
meut. — Age 23 ; nearly three years in last situation with
Mr. Lockie, Oakley Court, Windsor. Good references. —
R. WAUHAM, Steeple Aston, Oxford.

JOURNEYJIAN, in a good establishment. —
Age 20; live years in present situation. Good character.
— W. SEBLEY. The Gardens, Woodhall Park, Hertford.

OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 24;

six years' good character.— G. WITHAM, The Gardens,
How Hatch, Brentwood, Essex.

OURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.— H.

Batchelok, the Gardens, Catton Park, Norwich, can
with confidence recommend his Son to any Gardener requiring
a very steady, industrious, and trustworthy young man as
above with six years" good experience.

0 FLORISTS.— Young man seeks situation

in Nursery ; nine years' experience ; Fruit, Ferns, and
General Market Stuff . — J. G. G., 30. Loampit Vale,
Lewisham, S.E.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation in
a Nursery. Used to Growing Ferns, Softwooded Stuff,
Tomatos. &c. Age 27. Total abstainer.— G. GRIGG, 15, Lion
Street. Bexley Heath.

0 GARDENERS, &c.— Wanted by a Youth

(age 17) a situation under a Gardener. Abstainer. Good
character. Has had some experience. — F. B., City School
Cottage, Ferndale Road, Brixton, S.W.

O GARDENERS, &c.— A Youth (age 18)
requires a situation in a Garden. Abstainer. Has had some
experience. Good references if required. — F. M,, 8, Chatter-
ton Road, Bromley, Kent.

''PO MARKET GARDENERS and FLORISTS.

-A young man wi-hes to meet with a situation at n

Market Garde
Business, with a view ii
in the business and bi
Guildford.

Florist's, where he would Learn the
the future oE investing a little money
:oming Partner.— X., Linney's Viliit,

]VT URSERY CLERK, SEEDSMAN, and

-L* TRAVELLER ; age 33.— William Napper (twenty
years' experience) seeks employment. He has a good Whole-
sale and Retail Connection in the Western Counties. Excel-
lent Correspondent.^Alphington Cross, Exter.

Seed Trade.
TNVOICE CLERK and FOREIGN CORRE-

JL SPONDENT (French, German, and English).— Age 25 ;
good knowledge of Plant and Seed Trade. Apprenticed to the
former. Can be highly recommended. London preferred. —
G. E., Seahrook & Co., Swanley Junction, Kent.

SHOPMAN, or M ANAGER.— Thoroughly con-
versant with the trade. Could see to Books, give Esti-
mates, or act as Nursery Salesman. Satisfactory references. —
CEDAB, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, VT.C.

OHOPMAN (Head), or ASSISTANT in

kJ Florist, Fruiterer, and Seedsman's. — Required by the Son
of a Nurseryman, a situation as above. Used to liigh-class
trade. Good testimonials, &c. — A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN or WAREHOUSEMAN. — A
Seedsman (Scot<:hman, age 2.3) desires re-engagement as
Shopman or Warehouseman ; nine years' practical experience
in Seed and Bulb Trade. First-class reterencis.— DAPHNE,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand.W,C.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; five years'
experience. Good knowledge of Plant and General
NurseryStock and Seed Trade in all branches.— Mr. HARDING,
St. Neot's, Hunts.

0 FLORISTS. — Wanted, a situation in a

good Florist's Shop. Well experienced in Plants, Cut
Flowers, Furnishing, Decorating, and Wreath and Bouquet
Making. Age 24. Good references.— WILLSON, 176, Love-
ridge Road, Brondesbury, Kilburn, N.W.

TO THE SEED and NURSERY TRADE.—
Wanted a situation in a S;-iop. Age 20. Six years' ex-
perience. Good knowledge of Seed and general Nursery Stock.
— B. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

0 SEEDSMEN and FLORLSTS.— Situation

of trust wanted by a young man (age 23). Used to
SeUing. Account Keeping, and Propagating.— FRED. MOE-
FETT, Robertsbridge, Sussex.

TO FLORISTS.— Wanted re-engagement by
a young Lady. Thoroughly competent to undertake all
branches of the above. Six years' experience. — K. S., 180,
Cornwall Road, Ladbroke Grove Road, W.

LUMBER, GAS-FITTER, and ZINC-

WORKER, on Gentleman's Estate.— Young ; willing to
fill up time. Good references.— PLUMBER, 20, .ilcham Street,
Lady Margaret Road, Kentish Town, N.W.

HOLLOW AY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
A frequent cause of Gout and Rheumatism is the in-
flammatory state of the blood, attended with bad digestion and
general debility. A few doses of the Pills taken in time are
an effectual preventive against Gout and Rheumatism. Any
one who has an attack of either should use Holloway's Oint-
ment also, the powerful action of which, combined with the
operation of the Pills, must infallibly effect a cure. These Pills
act directly on the blood, which they purify and improve.
Having once subdued the severity of these diseases, persever-
ance with the Ointment, after fomenting the affected joints
with warm brine, will speedily relax all stiffness and prevent
any permanent contraction.

208

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[A0GCST 13, 1887.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PABK lEOKlVOBKS, STOUBBSIDGE,

Ttie Best
jj and Quickest
Made.

. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 3d. each;
4-in. Socket Hot- water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. (jd. each.
Full Illustrated Eevised Price List on applicat>.7n.

PORTABLE CTJCUMBEB FBAMES.

RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) ■p„„v„„ ( 3 10 0
3-lighttrame, 12feetby6feetf- ™"°|J 5 6 0
6-lizht frame, 24 feet by 6 feet ) ^'""^ ( 10 0 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

BOYAl HORTICULTl-KAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

:VIANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

W. H. LASGELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.O.

(i^'-ti^S^'

PEAT. —

any quantity, to any

W. H. LASGELLES AND CO. uill give Est mates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK free of charge and
send competent assistants when necessary

121, Bunhill Row, London E C
Illustrated Lista of Wooden Buildings Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabsfor Walls Paths andStages
sent post-free on application.

HY. VAN & CO.

(The Oldest London House in the Trade. Estd. 1730).

17, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

Illustrated CATALOGUES Post-free.
PROTECTION FOR FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

GAKDEN NETTING, 2 yards wide, Ijrf., or per 100 yards,
10s. ; ditto, 4 yards wide, Zd., or per 100 yards, 20s.

SCKIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, 3d,; IJ yard, 4J<i. ; and
2 yards, 6£^. per yard.

TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. 6rf. per piece.

SHADING BLINDS made up any size.

EICK CLOTHS. TAItPAULENS, Com and Potato SACKS,
FLAGS, TENTS, &c., for Sale or Hire.

TOBACCO PAPER, RAFFLA, and Garden MATS of all kinds.

PEAT — PEAT
Very superior, for Sale. Sent
addres.'?, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount -Mascal Estate, yorth Cray, Kent.

^CERTAliUUDDEN DEATH

To all Gnibs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thrip, Meaty

Bug. Caterpillars, dc. dc.
PERFECTLY ) ^"^ ^^^ Hands and Skin, but ■will cure
Ringworm in Animal-s, and all Diseases
HARMLESS ; produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A mmt.in.iliMU (,f nvdrocurh.m Oil-, mule s.ilnWp in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, wlietLcr ut lU lioots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. Gd, ^s. 6d. & 4s. Gd;

t gallon Vs. 6d, 1 gallon 12s. 6d. or less in larger qnanf itics.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale : Hoopek & Co. ; Cobkv, Sopee, Fowi.er & <;'o. ■,
0. E. OsMAS & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chants and "Wliolos.ale Fatent Medicine Houses. NEW
YOKE— RoLKER & So.vs.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

Throws a Jine
spray 20 ft., and
a jet ^0 ft., u-ith
great force.

A sjilendid
substitute for the
Syringe for using
Insecticide, Price
25s. A larger
size for catering
purposes, 45s.
Carriasre Paid.

HUGHES'

BREEN & CREAW COLOR SHADING

For FLxing Bloom of Azaleas, |J I | ^U CO »
&r., and for Cut Flowers. n \J \JtV\ KmVt

FLORAL CEMENT.

A grfat li.ion t(. Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instautlv. .'J.ild in bottles. Is. & 2s. Per po.st ,3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Prt'ventinp: Vines Eleodinf? after rnmini:!:.
Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, .Id. extra.
For Destroying Beetles. Corkroaches, UlipiJCC'
Crii^kots, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nUwlICO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

"* E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, 'l-l]'i^;^^^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

Establish i:d

HENRY HOPE,

HortiniHvral Builder and
Hat-icnt^r Kngineer,

55, Lionel St.. Birmingham.

a 100 and 200 feet boxe
»ze3 of 15-OZ. glass

21-OZ. Foreign of the above s
3d> and 4th3 qualities, always kept in

A large stock of similar current e
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,

34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

Stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty yejirs' trial. Requires no mixing; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6(^. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, \s. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.

cheap

HILL & SMI TH

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

STEVEN BROS & C<>
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

GARDEN SHADINGS, scrim, hessian,'

RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, PEAT,

SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, &c.,

At very Lowest Prices.

CATALOGUE on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135. COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON. E.

Etiitorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisement'* and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
Printed by Wlullam Richards, at the Office of Messrs. BRADBimr. Aorrew & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Oityof London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
taid WiLLLUC &10HA&D6, at the Office, U, Wellington Street, Pariah of St. Paul's, Coveot Garden, in the said Ooonty.— SATimDAT, August 13, 1887. Agent for Manotie6ter--JOHlf Hetwoos.

Established i84i

No. 2431.

No. 34.-V0L. II. {^Z}

SATURDAY, AUGUST 20, 1887.

[Regt. as a Newspaper. ( P R ' C E 3d .

I. POST-FEBB, 3jd.

CONTENTS.

Agave gla

Catasetum sanguineum

Cirrbopetalum strogula-

Compas3 plant, dry
weather foliage of ...

Dendrobium lougJcornum

Drought eiperieiices ...

Florists' flowers

Foreign correspoDdence .

Forestry

,, report of the Select
Committee on ...

Frosts, early

Fruit register

Fruits under glass

Gardening appointment

Grange, tne, Limerick ...

Great Gearies, glass-
houses at

Hardy fruit garden

Obituary : —

Fowler, Mr. A.
Ordiid-houses, the

Oxford, gardens of
Periwinkle disease

Plant names ;

Plants and their culture .
Potato crop of 1887 216.

Saccolabium Smeeanum
Societies : —
Leigh ton Buzzard

Matlock Bath .*." '.'.'.

Oxford Carnation Union

Scilly Islands Bulb ...

Streptocarpus Watsoni x

Water for nothing

Wateri ng plants

Weather, the ... 224,

Wisley, Mr. Wilson's

garden at

„ ,, flowers

Fowler, the late Mr. A

Great Gearies, glass-houses at .

ILLUSTRATIONS.
flowering ...

215

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.
^HH GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

JL Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.

W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the " Gardeners' Chronicle " from January 1
of this year are still to be had,

SANDY (Bedfordshire) HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION —Open to all
England — FRIDAY, August 26. TWO HTTNDRED and
TWENTY POUNDS in PRIZES, including for Ten Stove and
Greenhouse Plants in Flower— 1st Prize, £12; 2nd, JE8 ; 3rd,
£A\ 4th, £3. Show Ground close to Great Northern and
London and North-Western Stations. Plant Vans horsed to
and from free of charge. For Schedules apply,

WILLIAM GREEN. Secretary, Sandy.

A T H AUTUMN SHOW,

WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, September 7 and 8.
Ajnongst the Prizes offered are for : —

12 Foliage Plants, 1st, £6 ; 2nd, £4 ; 3rd. £2.
12 Stove orGreenhouse Plants, 1st, £12; 2nd, £8; 3rd, £1.
fl Orchids, 1st, £2; 2nd, £1.
8 Dishes of Fruit, Ist, £3 ; 2nd, £2 : 3rd, £1.
8 Bunches of Grapes, 4 vars., 1st. £o ; 2nd. £;j; 3rd, £i.
6 other Classes for Grapes in varieties. Prizes in proportion.
Entries Close September 3. For Schedules apply to

14. Mib«)m Street. Bath. ^^J- PEARSON, See.

BRIGHTON and SUSSEX FLORICULTU-
RAL and HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
GRAND AUTUMN EXHIBITION, SEPTEMBER 14 and 15,
at the Royal Pavilion, Brighton. 1st Prize, 8 Stove and Green-
house Plants, £8 ; IstPrizeGroupof Ferns, £5; letPrizeMiscel-
laneous Group, £o. Entries Close September 10. Schedules of
EDWARD CARPENTER, Secretary,
i, St. James's Street, Brighton.

Prizes to be had of
Secretary's Office, i

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY, Royal Aquarium. Weatminster, S.W.
EAKLY CHKYSANTHEMUM. DAHLIA, and GLADIOLUS
EXHIBITION, SEPT. 14 and 15. Schedules free on appli-
cation. The Floral Committee will meet Sept. 14, Oct. 12 and
26, Nov. 9 and 23, and Dec. 7. Medals are offered for competi-
tion at each Meeting for New Chrysanthemums. See Schedule.

CRYSTAL PALACE.—
SCHOOL of LANDSCAPE GARDENING and IMPROVE-
MENT of ESTATES, Principal. Mr. MlUfKB. Surveying and
Engineering Applied to Beautifying and Improving Land.
Neit Entries, SEPl'EMBER 1. Prospectus of the undersigned,
F. K. J. SHENTON. Super. Educational Department.

MALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the

• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties). EPACKIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS, BOUVARDIAS, ADIAN-
TCM CUNEATUM and other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION wiU be held EARLY IN
SEPTEMBER.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

Now In Full Bloom.

BEGONIAS. — Awarded Three Gold Medals,
Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are cordially in-
vited: free admission. Frequent trains from the City and West
End to Catford Bridge and Forest Hill Stations.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Staustead Park, Forest Hill, S.E.
Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HB, MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dvson's Lane Nursery. Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS— •■ PTERIS," LONDON.

OUVARDIAS, fine bushy plants, SOl
per 100; CYCLAMENS, good, in 48's, 30j, per 100 j
GARDENIAS, strong plants, 3US. per 100; Tree CARNA-
TIONS, best sorts. 30s. per 100— good plants.

W. JACKSON. Blakedown, Kidderminster.

Tlie Best of all tlie

NARCISSI is '-SIR WATKI N."
Priced CIRCULAB (No. 334) of this and all other
Narcissi, post-free.

JAMES DICKSON and SONS. " Newton " Nurseries. Chester.
Choice Hardy Ferns,

HUSSEY AND SON offer an overstock of
above, in fifty leading sorts, of Hardy Exotic and
British, at 30s. per 100.

Mile End Nursery, Norwich,

QUELCH AND B A R N H A M,

North Bow, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, Sec. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily; Cheques weekly, or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References piven.

ESSRS, GREGORY and EVANS,

NtmsEETSIEK, Sidcup, and 286, 2M, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

EACHES ! NECTARINES ! GRAPES ! &o.

— Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and
well packed fruit of above.— WISE and RIDES, Covent Garden.

ANTED, Bedding PELARGONIUM

CUTTINGS of every description. Sorts and quantity to
H. CANNELL and SONS. Swanley, Kent.

ANTED, GERANIUM CUTTINGS of

the following : — John Gibbons, W. H. Jacoby, and
Rev. Atkinson. State price per 1000 to

H. PRINOEP, Buxted, Uckfield.

ANTED, Large Plants White AZALEAS,

for Cut Flowers; varieties and cash price. Also
Pipings of choice CARNATIONS ; sample and price per 1000.
Also Large Plants of EUCHARIS AMA20NI0A.
MANAGER, Wharton Grange Vineries, Framfield, Sussex.
To Growers of Snowdrops,
ANTED, SAMPLES with Price, to
THOS. BDTCHXB, Sewl Merchant, Croydon.

w

w

To the Trade.

JAMES CARTE R, DUNNETT, AND
BEALE'S Wholesale CATALOGUE of Bulbs, Plants,
Everlasting Flowers, and Horticultural Sundries has now been
Posted to their Customers. Further Copies can be had ou
application to 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.

Begonias a Specialty.

BR. DAVIS invites an inspection of his
• BEGONIAS, now in Full Bloom, at The Yeovil Nur-
series. Hendford Hill. Yeovil. Several hundreds of specimens
grown in pots and many thousands planted in the open ground.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA, new and
fine white- flowered Climber for Warm Greenhouse, ti. 6rf.
SAXIFRAGA CUSCUT^FORMIS, Is. [and lOj. 6a!.

MESEMBRYANTHS, and other SUCCULENT PLANTS, made
a specialty.
GILBERT DAVIDSON, Wemoleu, Ammanford, B.S.O.,
South Wales.

E

FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY
CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustav A. Schultz,
Berlin. For price ^vrite to

JACOB AND VALENTIN. 66, Cheapside, London, E.C.

AST LOTHIAN STOCK,

for present sowing. Very superior strain. Scotch

saved. Crimson, Purple, Scarlet, and White.

Crimson and White Wallflower-leaved, Is., 2s. 6rf., and 5*. pkt.

IRELAND AND THOMSON, 81, Princes Street. Edinburgh.

ERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—

The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, LUles, JEC.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• HoUand.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutohed Friars, London, E.C.

AING'S BULBS, for Early Forcing.—

White Roman HYACINTHS, fine large roots, 14j. per 100 ;
extra large picked roots. 16s. per 100. Paper White and Double
Roman NARCISSUS. 9s. per 100. All carriage free.
CATALOGUES Gratis and Post-tree.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

LARGE CAMELLIAS.— A Bargain.— Ten
large CAMELLIAS, from 7 to 9 feet high, and 4 to 6 feet
through, all in pots or tubs, and the very picture of health.
They were the property of a Gentleman lately deceased, and
must be sold to realise. A grand chance for any one requirmg
quantities of Cut Flowers. — Apply in the first instance to
CHAS. RYLANCE and CO. , Bold Lane Nursery, near Ormskirk

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants gro^^Ti specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy. Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON. 25. Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica. Seaforthia elegans,
Chameerops excelsa, and Phcenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

To the Trade.
Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SBLARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
WiU be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

Important Notice.

To Florists, Seedsmen, Horticultural Builders, &c.
Plants, Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables a Specialty.

WM, J, WELCH begs to call particular
attention to his productions for
ILLUSTRATINQ BOOKS, MAGAZINES, CATALOGUES,
and for ADVERTISING PURPOSES.
For Specimens see Gardmers' ChrmicU, 188S to 1888.
ASDJUM :— 36, WsllingtOQ SferMt, Straad, Leaden, W.C.

210

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

[Adgost 20, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Thursday Next.-(Saie No. 7463.)

Thirty Cases of I.MFORTED ORCHIDS, received direct.
EST.iBLISHED ORCHIDS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 33, Kin<; Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXf, August 25, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine lot o£ LiEHA 1'REST.a:XS,
ONCIDIUM SAKCODES, O. ROGERSI, O. CRISPUM. CATT-
LEYA LABIATA, SOPHRONITES GR<lNDIFX,ORA, &c„ from
Brazil, and 23 Cases of CATTLEYAS and other COLOMBIAN
ORCHIDS, the whole received direct. Also a fine lot of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from private collections, including
many fine varieties in Flower and End.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Bulbs-Bulbs-Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his GreatRooms, 38, King Street, CoventGarden, W.C,
every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, Firstrclass
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
CATTLEYAS and L^LIAS from BRAZIL.
L-ELIA HARPOPHYLLA.
CATTLEYA SCHILLERIANA.
„ WARNERII.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.,
on FRID.A.Y NEXT, August 26. at halt-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, a splendid consignment of L^LIA HARPOPHYLLA,
in excellent order and condition, with sound eyes and fine
healthy foliage. This beautiful brilliant flowering ORCHID
inhabits a cool district in the Brazils, where it grows on low
trees. Its rich bright orange-scarlet flowers are very durable
and handsome, which makes it one of the most showy and
valuable of the genus.

A fine importation will also be offered of CATTLEYA
SCHILLERIANA, in extra condition; C. WARNERII, fine
healthy lot with sound dormant eyes and broad distinct look-
ing leaves; the beautiful C. PUMILA, the rare C. SCHO-
FIELDIANA. C. GRANULOSA, C. GASKELLIANA, C. LEO-
POLDll, L.ELIA PERRINII. well leaved plants of L. XAN-
THINA. COLAX JUGOSUS, ONCIDIUiVI EOBBESII, O.
PAPILIO MAJUS, O. BICOLOR, STANHOPEA WARDII,
ODONTOGLDSSUM SCHLEIPERIANUM, ONCIDIUM S.AR-
CODES, BURLINGTONIA FRAOBANS ; the whole in extra
condition, together with many other valuable ORCHIDS.

Oni

ling of Sale, and Catalog

! had.

Flowering Orchids.— Speoial Sale August 30.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS de-
sire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of
ORCHIDS in Flower will take place on TUESDAY, August 30,
for which they will bi; glad to RECEIVE NOTICE of ENTRIES
by WEDNESDAY NEXT.

Swanley Junction, Kent,

adjoining the Rjiilway Station.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALE of immense quantities of

GREENHOUSE PL.ANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. P. Ladds. to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, The Nurseries, adjoining Swanley Junction
Station, on THURSDAY, September 8, at II o'clock precisely,
in consequence of the large number of 1:J00 lots.
10,000 GENISTAS, fine plants, in 40 and 43 pots.
6,000 „ in 60 pots.

10,000 HEATHS, Winter Flowering, beautifully grown and
abundantly set with flower buds.
300 GARDENIAS, large, specimen plants.
10,000 CARNATIONS, Tree, consisting of all the best winter

flowering varieties.
15,000 ROSES, Tea. splendid plants.
2,000 ADIANTUM OUNEATUM.
90 STEPHANOTIS, large specimen.
600 PALMS, in variety.
1,000 GERANIUM, New White, Queen of Whites Improved,
F.C.C., R.B.S., May 19, 1886, &c.
Fuller particulars will appear next week. The Stock may
now be viewed, and Catalogues obtained, when ready, of Mr. P.
LADDS, at the Swanley or Beilev Heath Nurseries; or of the
Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheipside. E.C , and Leytonstone. E.

Mr. K. Droat's Sale — Kew Nursery, Richmond.

ALTEHATluX I ir DATE from Monday. September 10, to

FRIDAY", SEPTEMBER 9.

IMPORTANT TRADE SALE of thousands of PALMS in various

siz^s, URACENAS, FERNS, Variegated ARALIAS, Sir.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. K. Drost, Successor to Mr. H. Herbst,
to SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises, Kew Nur-
sery, Richmond, on FRIDAY, September 9, at 11 for 12 o'clock
precisely.

Further particulars will appear next week.

Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

The SECOND ANNU/iL SALE of Su.uoo GREENHOUSE and
other PLANTS.

MESSP.S. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. H. B. May to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises as above, on MONT).AY' September 12, at
11 o'clock punctually, 30,000 GREENHOUSE and STOVE
PLANTS, reniarliably well grown, and in the best possible

I 500 Clematis.
10,000 Ferns.
1,000 Az.ileas,Fielder'8W]iite
! 4,fiu0 Miscellaneous Plauta.
ill :iin,.-arii..xl we.-k.

conditi

1 .■ .mil' 1 iii ' —

lO.Oun

2,01 li.

2,uii.i

, 1 . ,. ..

l.OUO

.lui,. ;..,, ,, Wil.'l

f uU.T p.irtLcul

Lea Bridge Road Nurseries, Leyton,

ANNUAL SALE of \VIM'El;-l;l,iioMlM.; HEATHS and

other GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that the above ANNUAL SALE
will take place on the Premises, on WEDNESDAY, September
14, by order of Mr. John Fuller.

Fuller particulars will appear next week.

Lee, Kent, S.E.

GREAT AN'NUAL SALE, to commence punctually at
11 o'clock in consequence of the large number of lots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. B. Mailer & Sons, to SELL
by AUCTION on the Premises The Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries,
Lee, S.E., adjoining the Railwav Station, on TUESDAY,
September 13, at 11 o'clock punctually without reserve.
25,000 WINTER BLOOMING HEATHS, beautifully grown
and remarkably well set with bloom buds, including 15,000
Erica hyemalie, 5000 Gracilis, and large quantities oiMelan-
thera ventricosa, perspicua erecta, Cavendishii, and other best
kinds. Also a large quantity of small Erica hyemalis for
growing on; 8000 SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM. in berry;
6000 BOUVARDIAS, single and double ; 2000 GENISTAS, very
fine; CYCLAMEN PERSICUM; 2000 ADIANTUM CUNEA-
TUM ; 3000 LOMARIA GIBBA, true, compact variety, and
other FERNS ; 600 EPACRIS, well grown ; BOEONIA
MAGASTIGMA, quantity of extra strong Marechal Niel and
other Tea ROSES, GREVILLEA KOBUSTA, PALMS, FICUS
ELASTICA, Greenhouse PASSION FLOWERS, POINSETTIAS,
AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII. STEPHANOTIS, afine lot of the new
White PLUMBAGO CAPENSIS, &c. Also ALSOPHILLA AUS-
TRALIS, in24'3 and lij'spots; and a fine lot of large G.4K-
DENIAS for cutting ; beautifully coloured CROTONS, &c.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, or
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C.
and Leytonstone, E.

N.B.— Messrs. P. & M. desire to call the attention of intend-
ing Purchasers to the stock to be offered as above. The plants
are remarkably well-grown, fit for immediate sale, and the
whole will be found in an equally good condition as former years.

Tottenham, N,

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of WINTER FLOWERING
HEATHS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE, &c.. to commence
punctually at 11 o'clock, there being upwards of 1200 lots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instnicted by the Executors of the late Mr. John Mailer
to SELL bv AUCTION, on the Premises, the Brunswick Nur-
sery, Tottenham (close to White Hart Lane Station. G.E.R.),
on THURSDAY, Seplember 15, at 11 o'clock precisely, without

affra.

10,000 Winter-blooming HEATHS— hyemalis, grac
Wilmorea, and others.
5,000 SOLANUMS.

6,000 FERNS— Adiantums, Pteris, &c.
3,000 Tree CARNATIONS, leading varieties.
5,000 BOUVARDIAS.
3,000 GENISTAS.
1,000 Double White PRIMULAS.
1.000 Stove and Greenhouse CLI.MBERS.

DIPLADENLiS of sorts, ALLAMANDAS, BOUG-AIN-
VILLEAS, STEPHANOTIS, TACSONIAS.
1,000 PASSIFLORAS, and AMPELOPSIS VEITCHU.

500 CROTONS and DRAC^INAS, beautifully coloured.
1,000 PALMS, FICUS, &c.

Large AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS for cutting from,
Many thousands of small ERICAS ; also a colllection oi
other useful Stock.
May now be viewed. Cataloues may be had on the Premises,
or of 'the Auctioneers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C, and Ley-
tonstone. E.

Longland Nursery, Sidcup, S.E.

ANNUAL SALE of WINTER-ULOO.MIXU HE.ITHS and
other GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that the above ANNUAL SALE will
take place on the Premises on FRIDAY, September 16, by order
of Messrs. Gregory & Evans.

Fuller particulars will appear next week.

Lewlsham, S.E.

IMPORTANT SALE of SURPLUS STOCK of PALMS,
FERNS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. R. BuUen to SELL
bv AUCTION, at the Woodlands Nursery, Lewisham, S.E.,
oil SATURDAY, September 17, at 11 o'clock precisely, an im-
mense quantity of remarkably well-grown STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including the following ;— English-
grown Palms, in perfect health and condition, in 3^'s. 43's. and
60's ; about 4000 Latania3 barbonica. 2000 Seaforthia elegans,
2000 Arecas Baueri, sapida, and Intescens; Kentias Fosteriana
and Balmoreana, 250 Cocos Weddelliana. 500 Corypha austra-
lis. 1000 Phoenix nipicola, 1000 P. canariensis, &c.; 2000
Adiantum cuneatum, 1000, A. decorum, 1000 Pteris tremula,
1000 P. cretica major, cristata, and a large number of the fol-
lowing Ferns :—Lomaria gibba, Polypodium aurenm. Gymno-
gramma perviana, Lastrsea aristata, Cyrtomiums falcatum and
aracena, in 32's and 48*3; also large quantities of Tree Carna-
tions, Draccenas, Grevilleas, Roses in pots. Gardenias. Eucharis.
&c. ; and about 200 Azaleas, Fielder's White and indica alba,
in 32's, 24's, and IG's. Conveyances will meet certain trains at
Lewisham Junction, S.E.R., on morning of Sale, according to
Catalogue.

The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on
the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 63, Cheapside,
E.C, Leytonstone, E.

The Wellington Road Nursery, St. John's 'Wood,

adjoining Lord's Cricket Ground,
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, the LAND having been
purchased by the Committee of the M.CC. for the extension
of their ground.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. E. O. Henderson & Son, to
SELL by AUCTION on the Premises as above, on TUESDAY',
September 20, without reserve, the whole of the GLASS
ERECTIONS. consi«ting of 16 GREENHOUSES, thousands of
feet of PIPING. BRICKWORK. &c.

Detailed particulars will appear next week.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS. — GREAT UNRESERVED SALE,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C, every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS.
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality, lotted to suit large and small buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

N.B.— The SALES on MONDAY and THURSDAY NEXT will

consist of Lote specially arranged for the Trade and large Buyers.

TO BE SOLD, as a going concern, a con-
venient and well-situated NURSERY', about 4 Acres,
midway between two seuside resorts. Stock and Glass at
valuation. Good substantial House and Outbuildings.

Fullest particulars upon applicaiion, address N. Y'-, Gardeners
Chronicle Ofiice, 41, VVellington Street, Strand, W.C,

To Fruit Growers, Msirket Gardeners . and Seed Fanners
'■pO BE SOLD, the Beneficial Lease of about

JL 21 acres of GROUND (with immediate possession), which
is well stocked, and under a high state of cultivation. There
are all the necessary F,arm Implements, and 2 Horses. II newly
erected Greenhouses, containing in all about 1670 feet run.
which are well planted with Tomatos, Grape Vines, and Cucum-
bers; also large Barn, range of Sheds. Stabling, enclosed Yard,
2 semi-detached Cottages, and all necessary Outbuildings.
Price £1000. Situation close to Worthing. Apply to
J. S. HAWKINS, Auctioneer, 359. Liverpool Road, London, N.

Preliminary Notice.— Chlswlck, Middlesex.

TO BE SOLD, by direction of the Executors
of the late Mr. Joseph Jessop. the LEASE and GOOD-
WILL of the BUSINESS of a MARKET GARDENER, Stock-
in-Trade and Growing Crops on about 200 Acres of Market
Garden Ground, in excellent state of cultivation, with Resi-
dence and Farm Buildings (all in good repair), known aa Grove
Farm, Burlington Lane, Chiswick. The said Business of a
Market Gardener has been in existence for many years past.

Further particulars and orders to view of Messrs. FINNIS
iSl) WYLIE, 19. Surrey Street, Strand, W.C, and Vestry
Hall, Chiswick, Middlesex.

FOR S A L E, in consequence of Mr. Imrie's
death, the old-established and well-known NURSERY
BUSINESS so successfully carried on for upwards of sixty
years at Ayr. The Grounds extend to about 40 Acres, adjoin-
ing the Railway Station, and are well stocked with saleable
Trees ami Shrubs. Further particulars on application to
IMRIE AND COMPANY. The Nurseries, Ayr. N.B.

CMALL NURSERY. — 5000 feet of Glass,

O 6 miles from Manchester. Stock, all complete. Very
cheap. — J., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

TO BE LET or SOLD, a valuable Freehold
NURSERY, with Cottage, situated Groom's Hill, Green-
wich, about 1 acre walled i n . half under glass, all fittings. Water
laid on. Only parties with substantial means need apply to
"ANCHOR" BREWERY, Lewisham. S.E.

0 BE LET, a Small NURSERY, in the

North of London. 8 Glasshouses. Pits, &c., heated

with Hot-water; Potting Shed, and Ground. Good Local Trade

done. Rent £30 per annum to a good tenant, or Lease for

21 years would be sold. Apply by letter, to the Agent of the

PEAT ASSOCIATION, 10. Cullum Street, E.C.

Peat Buyers.— Special Notice.

LIGHT BKOWX FIliKdUS RINGWOOD
PE.AT, of best ,|. ril.lv; al«.. ell. -iilier FERN PEAT and
MOULD. For immcdiii(<- Urdcr-. a very low quotation, and
Sample would be sent previous to removal of Store.

The PEAT ASSOCIATIO.V. 10, Cullum Street, E.C.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

TO LET, at Michaelmas next, about 13J acres
of LAND, at Plaistow, situated in the Piince Regent's
Lane, and close to the Barking Road. For particulars apply to
Massrs. GLUTTON, 9, Whitehall Place, S.W.

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
tural Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.G., and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

ARMERS and FRUIT GROWERS desirous

of doing a Trade in JAMS and BOTTLED FRUITS for
Home and E.xpurt Use, crm have FACTORIES FITTED UP on

Newe,l SIvl.-, !iH,l llii-iii,'«s Introduced, by addressing M. G.,
at ll,,riir;,,il,.'s. .■,!. (■heii.M.le. E.C,

EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCKS.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
offer their choice strain of the above, in five varieties,
v[r.. Scarlet, Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved,
at l5., 2s. 6rf., and Sir. 'each colour. Price to the Trade on
application.
By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,

Edinburgh.

Special Offer to the Trade.

DAFFODILS — DAFFODILS.
Several thousand of the following varieties at low prices :—
CORBULARIA CITRINA, mixed bulbs, 2.5,v. per 1000.
N. PALLIDUS PR-ECOX (a small variety from the Spanish
Mountains, offered for the first time), 60s. per 1000 ; for
5000 and upwards, 50s.
N. MOSCHATUS, cultivated bulbs. 76s. per 1000.
N. BERNABDII. offered for the first time. 16s. per 100.
W. OSBORNE, Biarritz. Brance,

New Roses in Pots.

LIST of the most select 8ort« now ready,

Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of best sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality.
SAMPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in 6-inch pots, carefully

packed for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 15s.
HALF a DOZEN ditto, on receipt of 8s.
EWING and CO.,
Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hampshire.

OA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the
OU^UUv/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-ineh pote, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RIOKARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester,

AuGOTT 20, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

211

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel
&So.v's descriptive LIST of prepared Runnere may be had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free. M.—W. LO\'EL AND SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffaeld.

FERNS. — Good saleable Plants of Adiantum
cuneatum, Pt^ris tremula, P. cretica, P. major, and
P. scrrulata. in 48'3. at 50s, per 100.
S. DIXON AXD CO.. AmUurst Niir-eries. Hackney. London. E.

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

FOR JEAFLV FORCiyG.
ROMAN HYACINTHS.
EAKLY NARCISSI.
NEW PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS:

large llowered, pure i%iiitL.. valuable for Forcing.
AT JIODER.VTE PRICES.

COLLECTIONS of BULBS for FORCING,
From IDs. 6d. to 42s.

Fi'LL PARTJCI'LARS OX APPI.ICATIOX.

DAFFODILS, White Trumpets, &o.— Over 150
varieties to select from 1 " HARTLAND'S • ORIGINAL '
LITTLE BOOK of DAFFODILS," including a special offer o(
6weet-3cented Oxlips, Cowslips, and Primroses, is now ready. It
is the best guide to Daffodil knowledge ever published, con9id.^r^
ably enlarged — medium quarto size — and full of life-size origi-
nal drawings by Gertrude Hartland. The Book can be had lor
18 stamps. Its duplicate, without the illustrations, free to all
applicants. Please write for them. The Bulbs are uncommonly
healthy, all grown in fresh pasture loam and sea sand.

W.M. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware-
house. 24. I'atrick Street, Cork.

IFR^EYFRUIT TREES.

U fc rV O ti 1 Carriage Paid. Cordons a spScialite.
Write f.ir Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORNU
AND SON. High View Nur..evi..s. who will tend, carriage
paid for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 218.
Early orders secure extr;i strong plants.

ORCHID PEAT.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall
■ Street, London, E.C., continue to receive the highest
of Testiraonial3(unsolicited)from large Orchid Growers, stating
their ORCHID PEAT is the best they have ever used. Samples
can be seen at above address, or forwarded on application.

A, JOHNSON AND CO. have ul-o lirst-class BLACK aud
BROWN PEAT uiwu their estates suitable for all purposes.

PAXTON^S CALENDAE.

Nnc Edition, Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

(TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.)

By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chrmiide.

Price 3d., Post-free S^d. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, lOa. ; and cue hundred, SOs.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered. Carriage Free, in London only.

Xot less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

"\V. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.

MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A

Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every slie. A New E.lition.
Fcap. cloth, price 7s.

HIGH-CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By William Eahlet, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How
to Grow Asparagus," &o., &c. Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price is. 6d.

HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Eaelet. Price Is. stitched.

THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev, O. Fisheh. Fourth

Edition, revised and enlarged. Price Is.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture,
By William Eabley, Price Is, stitched,.

London: BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C,

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT nSRB REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bushel bogs, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. Sd. per sack ; 6 sacks,
2fis. ; sacks, 4^. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 65. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton; 2tJs. per ton. in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. Is. per bushel

SPHAGNU.M MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VLRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA JLATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17i, Coal Yard), W.C.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BEN.IAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 7oA, Queen Victoria
Street. E.C, near M.-insion House Station. Depdt: Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London. S.E.
TELEGRAiK — " Floriculture. London." Established 18.'>4.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 6s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. M. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO., Famboro' Station, Hants.

^' I is.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.
Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 6s, per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. Qd.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6flf. ,, 6 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 25s.

LOAJI, best yellow fibrous ...

PREPARED COMPOST, best

LEAF MOULD, best only

PEAT MOULD,

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best onlv Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, flnestimported ... 8d: lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Speciality) id. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 6s. per bushel,

CHUBB'S"PERFE(?r"FER-") In bags.

TtLISER, the Best Food for ( . ' .,

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruits, Vegetables, &.C. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CJBUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIEGIN CORK, beat quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6d. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;
30 sacks. 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
iu sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

TREPHO forORCHIDS.

For Potting, Rafts, Blocks. &c. To be obtained only from
BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S., F.E.H.S.,

CATALOGUE of all Horticultural Requisites post-free.
POTTERY of all descriptions.

WASPS.— DAVIS'S WASP DESTROYER
will rid any place of these pests instantaneously.
See testimonials, Is. Hd. and 25. 6d. per bottle : post-free, Is. ^d.
and 25. lOd.—B. E. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil.

JENSEN'S

Every grain fertilizes because the Guano is perfectly
pure. It 13 mo3t economical, one part of Manure to

100 parts of soil being ample for garden use.
Write for Pamphlet, Teetimoniala and Inatructiona.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker'8 analysie guaranfeed. FISH-POTASH
contains Ammonia, Phosphates and Potash in large
proportions, which are the principal elements of
fertilization.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins, Is. ; In Bags, 71bs., 2s. ; 141bs.,

4s. ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d. ; 56 lbs., 10s. 6d. : 1 cwt.,

16s. ; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED,
10, St. Helen's Place, London, E.C.

212

THE GABDENERS' GSHONICLE.

tAuocs* 20, 1887.

WEBBS' SEEDS

FOJi PRESENT SOWING.

CABBAGE.

WEBBS' EUPEBOB. CABBAGE.

6d. "lul Is. per packet ; Is. 6d. per ounce.
Fto II Mr. F. Harrison, Gardener to the Right Hon. th(

Earl of Dtrby.— " Weibs' Emperor Cabbage
by sidi wii/i four other kinds, and was
b.!.^t oftliii 'at. It is a grand Cabbage."

Early Nonpareil Cabbage
Enfield Market Cabbage
Early Rainbam Cabbage
Red Dutch or Pickling Cabbage

side
iidered to be the

8d. per
6d. „

ONION.

Webbs' Red Globe Tripoli
Large Flat Red Tripoli

Giant Rocca

Wblte Lisbon

1 0

0 9

1 0
0 6

FREE 11 y POST OR RAIL.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

DXJTCH BULBS CHEAP.

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP.

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP.

See our Wholesale CATALOGUE of Bulbs,
free on application,

it varieties ofHYAC
FODILS.IRIS, SNl
r bffore sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Ser.l lUi.l Ilulb MerclKiuts,

KXKTER STI!Ei:r,8TKAM). LONDON. W.C.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18«. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application,

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

NARGiSS AND ALL OTHER BULBS.

Priced CATALOGUE of our unequalled
stock Post-free on application.

"James Dickson & Sons"

108 EASTQATE ST. ■>
'NEWTON' NUESBRIBsi ""'''" ^^^i

•^^J

^ -y^

Wome arvd S^ee^.

OUR BEGONIAS.

ALL those who take the greatest interest in this
very wonderful family pronounce not only our displuybut
our own atrain ia much the nearest perfection in existence.
No disease or mildew ever been seen, and such remarkable
dwarf quick growth that there is no difficulty in getting fine
plants covered with immense blooms like Hollyhocks from seed
the first year, and many distinct colours altogether different
from those usually seen and shown. Although our display of
other flowers is wonderful, and far exceeds any other establish-
moDt, the collection of Begoniaa alone is more than sufficient
to repay the journey.

H. CANNELL & SONS

FLOK r STS ,

SWANLEY, KENT.

EARLY WHITE

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

OUR LARGE CONSIGNMENTS
of ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER WHITE NAR-
CISSUS, &c., are to hand in splendid condition, and
we have much pleasure in offering fine picked Bulbs
[it moderate pricen as below, carriage free : —
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, extra fine roots, 2s. per

d(.7.eii. \hs. p.T liiii. Hos. per 1000.
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, ordinary sized roots,

li. i)rf. iier dozen, 12s. per 100, lIOs. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper White, splendid for forcing. Is. M.

per dozen, 10$. lod. per 100. 90s. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper White, new, large flowered,
splendid variety, much superior to the old sort, 2s. tirf.
per dozen, 1.5s. per 100.
NARCISSUS, Double Roman, fine roots. Is. M. per
dozen. 10s. 6(f. per 100, 90s. per 1000.
Our beautifully Illustrated CATALOGUE (64 pages
imperial size) of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Lilies, Fruit
Trees. Roses. &c., is now ready, and should be read by all
intending purchasers before making their selection.

DANIELS BROS.,

ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHJIENT,

NOE.-WICH.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

of its unprecedented t

FRUIT TREES, ROSES,

WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS,

Of fine quality and immense numbers.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass Structures cover an area of 271,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Ij. extra
per bushel for package), or <od. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. HighRate Nurseries. N.

(5,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LEADING VARIETIES,

Fine plants, in 5i and 6-inch pots, 12s., 15s., and 18s. per dozen,

according to size.

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by

any in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on

application, p^,^,^ ^ j^^ ,j.^^^ „„ application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYAED and NURSEIUES, GARSTON,

NEAR LIVERPOOL.

HOOPER & CO., Lim.,

COVENT GARDEN LONBON.

BEGONIAS.

For bedding-out or pots, splendid varieties. These are seed-
lings that can be thoroughly recommended.

Per dozen, 4s., poat-ftee.

GLOXINIAS.

Seedlings of our magnificent strains, not equalled by any in
existence that we are aware of. The most euperb of house

piantfl. In thumb-pots, 6s. dozen.

PETUNIA HOOPER'S EMPRESS.

A lovely soft pink, perfectly double, and of .-iiileudid habit,

Is. each; 7s. 6d. dozen.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA.

A new plant of great merit, destined to take a prominent
position aa one of the best novelties introduced for many years.
It fiowera profusely in clusters, shape of the Allamanda, pure
white, delicioualy scented, and lasting a long time in water;
flowers large and of good substance. For cut blooms and
docorative purposes it is uniijue ; the culture most simple in
the ordinary greenhou.se or conservatory.

78. 6d. and lOs. 6d.
HOOPEB & 00., Limited, Covent Garden.

^

EARLY BULBS

AT DUTCH PRICES,

To Produce Beautiful White and Coloured
Flowers for Chrii<tmas Decoration,

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.

THE LARGEST BULBS OF THE YEAR.
Price, per lOO, 14a, : per dozen, 2a.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Price, per 100, lOs. 6d. ; per dozen, Is. 6d.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Price, per 100, IDs. 6d. ; per dozen, la. 6d.

VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow.

Price, per 100, 4s. 6d. ; per dozen, 9d.

EXTRA LARGE SNOWDROPS.

Price, per 100, 3s. ; per dozen, 6d.

Detailed CA TAL OG UE Gratis and Post-free.

ALL PARCELS CAKKIAGE FREE.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

JARMAN'S BULBS,

FOR EARLY FORCING.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, AVhite, fine selected

roots, 2s. per dozen, 16s. per 100.

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, \s. &d. per doz.,

lOs. per 100.
,, Paper White, Is. 6rf. per dozen, lOs. per 100.

TULIPS, Duo Van Thol, scarlet and yellow,

8rf. per dozen, 4s. per 100.

All Carriage Free. Catalogues Gratia and Post-itee.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(RKGIISTF-KKIt).

CHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

iiiSkN

EARLY White ROMAN HYACINTHS,

EAELY-FLOWERINQ NARCISSUS.

And all other Bulbs for Early Forcing.
Finest quilities. Delivered Carriage Free.

niuBtrated Descriptive Catalogues
PoBt-Free.

•^Re-Queer2'5-l)eed§a?eR;

AcGCST 20, 1887.]

TEE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

213

NOW READY.

Gratis and Post Free to intending Purchasers of Bulbs

SUTTON'S BULB
CATALOGUE,

Containing Descriptive LISTS of

UVAOIUTUO —All the finest varieties for culture in
n 1 AUI n 1 III). Potsand Glasses, and Sutton's Inimit-
able Bedding Hyacinths :u distinct
shades of colour. "'TrulymaKnificent:
not a single failure." — Vide Unso-
licited Testimony.

Till IDC —The best varieties for Bedding and for Early
1 U LI rO. Spring Flowering.

U A DP ICO 1 —V very full and accurate description of all
nAnUIOOI. the best varieties, together with several
beautiful Illustrations. Also a

HANDSOME COLOURED PUTE,

niustrotivc of HYACINTHS. TI'LIPS, KARCISSI,
and ANEMONES.

EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS
EARLY NARCISSI

S/iould be ordered at 072ce for immediate

planting.

Prices very Moderate.

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16?. p»r 100;
ditto in large pot**. -Ihs. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMO'H AXD CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation," \s.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive "List of New, Kxre, akb

Choice Ferns," and " Hardy North Amebican Ferns."

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

F£BN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

GANNELL & SONS'

NEW PLANTS, SEEDLINGS,
SPORTS, &c.

We felt certain from the superiority of both our Seeds and
Plants, and the near perfection of our strains, they would
manifest their value, and it appears that numerous First Prizes
are being awarded to them all over the World. Our " REAL
MANURE " is also doing wonderful work, and carrying many
to victory. Naturally we are exceedingly aniions to have a com-
plete record of such honours, and should be extremely obliged if
all winners would kindly send us full particulars of the same.

We should be glad to RECEIVE SPECIMEN BLOOMS of any
really good New Varieties, with a view of Purchasing the same.

THE HOME OF FLOWERS,

SWANLEY. KENT.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

and all other Bulbs for earliest forcing.
CATALOGUE (No.lS,?,) POST-FREE.

"James Dickson & Sons"

108 BASTGATE ST. -j
' NEWTON ' NUBSEBIES /vP"»laft'

STANDEN'S MANURE

Established 20 Years.

THIS OLD-ESTABLISHED MANURE
is acknowledged by the leading practical Gardeners in
the Ignited Kingdom and the Colonies to exceed all others in
general fertilising properties and staying powers. It promot^a
a rapid, hejilthy, and robust growth to plants generally. For
Vines it cannot be too highly recommended, and this fact is
fully sustained from the reault obtained by its use in the hands
of some of the most successful Grape growers. It is a clean
and dry Powder, with very little smell, which renders it par-
ticularly adaptable for ladies interested in plant culture.

The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render its
money value in comparison with other manures at teait dottble ;
and u-iers will find that very small quantities mill produce
favourable results.

Sold in new and enlarged Tins, 1/-, 2/6,
6/6, 10/6, and 21/- each ; and in Kegs at
reduced prices— 281b., 12/6; 561b., 23/-;
1121b., 42/- each.

Mat/ be obtained from Ntirseryinen and Seedsmen in
the United Kingdom and the Colonies.

Sole Manufacturers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., LTD.,

London, E.C.

ELLIOTT'S IMPROVED

"SUMMER CLOUD "SHADING

For Glass Structures that require Shading.

It combines EFFICACY with APPEARANCE. CONVE-
NIENCE with ECONOMY, and its effects are LASTING.

Sold in packets. Is. each, with full directions for use, and in
bags, 7 lb., 12s. ; 14 lb., 22s. ; may be obtained from all Seeds-
men and Nurserymen,

Sole Manufacturers and Proprietors,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.,

London, E.C.

Many years' experience has proved
this article the most certain and
efficacious remedy for the de.'struc-
tionof Daisies and Weedson Lawns.
If used according to the directions,
it cannot fail to produce a healthy
and luxuriant growth of grass in
one application ; and to enable the
article to be in more general use it
is now offered at the following

REDUCED PRICES,

Tins. Is., 2S. 6d.. 5s. ; and in

Kegs, i-cwt.. 88.; fcwt. 16a.;

1-cwt. 30s.

Sold by all Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

Sole Manufacturers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.,

London, EC.

SEE THAT YOU OBTAIN

FOWLER'S LAWN SAND,

All Fackagea bavlng the name plainly attacbed.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. fid.
rpBE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J- Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1887.

W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NEW EDITION,
Corrected up to Date,

TEE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free S^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

THE

SATURDAY, AUGUST 20, 1887.

GARDENS OF OXFORD.— II.

ly/TAGDALEN COLLEGE, founded in 14,57,
-'-'-*- by William Waynflete, Bishop of "Win-
chester, in honour of the saint whose name it
bears, enjoys the advantage of ample space, and a
noble series of buildings, including stately towers,
and lofty pinnacles and turrets — grand architec-
ture, even for Oxford. The buildings cover
11 acres, while the rest of the domain of 100
acres is occupied by a deer park, the lawns of the
quadrangle, and the water walks on the borders
of the Cherwell.

Addison was one of the many famous men
whom this college, fruitful of men of genius, has
produced, and one of the secluded walks by the
river-side, well shaded with Elms, still bears his
name. One would like to find a reason for the
remarkable number of distinguished persons who
must have gained some of the materials of their
renown here. Every effect must come by cause.
Why has Magdalen proved the very hotbed of
genius ?

The exact cause of greatness is a point well
worth looking into. We find that the list of
illustrious persons who received training and
instruction here comprises two cardinals, four
archbishops, and forty bishops, besides innu-
merable men of eminence, such as Addison, the
essayist. Fox, the martyrologist, Hampden, the
patriot, and Gibbon, the historian. This wonder-
ful prolificacy may perhaps be due, not to the
atmosphere, but to the iniluence of the water
walks and gardens, which in regard to their
scope and beauty, and the opportunity they afford
for seclusion and meditation, are unmatched in
Oxford.

The gardens of Wadham College will repay a
visit. This is almost the youngest of the college?,
except that founded the other day by in honour of
Keble, whose vicarage, church, and burial place at
Ilursloy, wore noticed December 26, 1885. With
this exception none of the seats of learning
at this venerable university, bears a later date
than 1611, and Wadham College, though the last
born of the group whose specific name is Alma

214

THE GABDENERS' GTIRONICLE.

[AcGCBT 20, 1887.

Mater, owns already the venerable appearance
and the dignity which time confers on good
architecture. Though it must be classed
among the smaller colleges, it is one of
the most interesting of them all. Enter-
ing the quadrangle you see before you in the
opposite wall the statues in bas relief of
Dorothy and >'icholas Wadham, founders, 1611,
and of James I., king at that time, all in the
costume of that period — the lady in her stiff
frill, the gentleman in trunk hose and in un-
mentionables that are brief and baggy, according
to the fashion of those times. Our costumes
change and vary, the sooner the better some-
times ; but if you cross the quadrangle and pass
through the door in the corner you will find
yourself in the garden, which is thrown open to
the public, and you will see before you a Copper
Beech whose costume, such as it appeared on
Midsummer Day, when I paid it my latest visit,
never changes. It will fade and fall in the
autumn, because the leaves will then suffer
by Nature's law of annual decay; but when
the buds again unfold in the spring, and
the leaves again flutter in the eye of
heaven, the same exquisite costume will be worn.
It is but too true that Solomon in all his glory
was not arrayed like a Copper Beech. One can
never rightly admire trees as they deserve, and
almost adore them, without a feeling that, after
all, such beautiful objects, clad in raiment bor-
rowed from heaven rather than from earth, may
in their own way respond, to the canticle, Bene-
dicite omnia opera : " 0, all ye green things upon
the earth, bless ye the Lord ; praise Him, and
magnify Him for ever." And when these lessons
have been learnt, and the trees have taught us
tailoring, then the costumes that defy Nature
will be thrown aside.

It is a very fine Copper Beech, 10 feet in girth,
with a great spread of branches, and evidently
the president among the trees in this garden. A
tall Salisburia, or Maidenhair trfee, and an Ilex,
stand near it; and not far off — for this is not a
large enclosure, only a single large lawn, walled
in, with a path round it — are two magnificent
Limes, tall in stature, and perfect in shape, with
the lower branches, heavy with leaves, lying on
the groimd.

There are two Cedars of Lebanon, rather dila-
pidated; some Acacias (Robinias), which, with
the Salisburia, are common at Oxford; and a
Taxodium sempervirens, much out of health.
Two trees at least in this beautiful enclosure
should certainly be cut down, for if a tree be
ugly or irrecoverably sick, it is useless wishing
it were not so. Only one fate remains for it—
" Why cumbereth it the ground ? " There are
at least a dozen sorts of trees and shrubs here
besides those already mentioned, and one of the
most remarkable seems to hint that perfection is
more attractive even than variety, while over-
crowding is a sad mistake. It is a Cratcegus
Crns Galli splendens— splendid Cockspur Thorn —
which stands on the lawn, where it has attained
its perfect shape, being round as an alderman, or
more exactly like an open umbrella 14 or 15 feet
in diameter. The pale green, shining leaves of
this Thorn are most attractive, resembling in
colour those of a shrub from another hemisphere —
the Cockspur Thorn coming from North America,
the Pomegranate from the Mediterranean. This
latter shrub seems to be rare in Oxford, but
ought not to be so, as few are more charming in
their delicate green leaf. I here offer a criticism,
such as might be expected of a horticulturist on
the wing, and it is not easy to do this in regard
to the gardens at Oxford.
The Warden's private gardens at Wadham

College are said to be superior, but I did
not seek admission. On Midsummer Day, when
all the public gardens in this most beautiful
city could be enjoyed, and were, in fact, en-
joyed by many persons, strolling or seated, and
when lawn tennis and sunbeams seemed to be
conflicting in the great enclosure at Trinity,
the privacy of private gardens should be re-
spected.

It may be mentioned here that the earliest
sittings of the Royal Society were held in the
large room over the gateway of this college, that
portion of the buildings forming then part of the
Warden's lodgings. Among the founders were
Sir Christopher Wren, Dr. Wilkins (who married
the sister of Oliver Cromwell), Thomas Spratt
(afterwards Bishop of Rochester), and other
eminent men ; and among its earliest Fellows
was that hero of romantic name, the bane of
Algerian pirates, and the favourite of his
country. Sir Kenelm Digby. M. E.

STREPTOCAEPUS WATSONI x .

ItJ our number for July 30 we alluded to the
remarkable series of hybrids which Mr. Watson, of
Kew, had raised between that most extraordinary
plant, Streptocarpus Dunnii, and other species. S.
Dunnii is perhaps rather remarkable than beautiful,
but certainly most remarkable. By fertilising S.parvi-
flora with the pollen of S. Dunnii Mr. Watson has
raised a hybrid with the profuse flowering tendencies
of the male parent, and with flowers of a bright
rosy-purple.

The full description of the plant, drawn up by Mr.
Brown, is given at p. 137, and which we need not
repeat, the more so as Mr. Weather's drawing (see
flg. 52) will enable our readers to judge for them-
selves of the merits of the plant.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

SACCOLABITJM SXrEEANUM, n. sp*
AccoRDiNO to a sketch kindly sent me by Mr.
A. H. Smee the stem has seven leaves. The
leaves are very thick, as in Sarcanthus laxus, very
sharp at the edges, blunt and unequally bilobed at
the top, and the sheath is full of wavy lines, and as
rough as those of Arpophyllum. The peduncles
which appeared were porrect, bifid, eacli branch
closely racemose. The green spindle is of a blackish-
mauve tint, totally so on the basilar part. The
bracts are blunt, triangular, concave, almost equal
to the stalked ovaries. Sepals oblong-Iigulate,
keeled ; tepals nearly so, even ; side lacinae of the
lip very small, nearly obliterate, oblong ; mi J-lacinite
oblong-acute, with a proboscoid firm goitre-like
swelling under the apex. Spur short, cylindrical,
blunt, usually curved, equal to the stalked ovary.
There is a great change in tlie colour of the small
flowers, which are a little larger than those of Sacco-
labium gemmatum. The sepals and petals are of
the lightest greenish-white when opening, with
mauve mid veins. The petals are sometimes free
from colour. Lip white, disc of the mid lacinia of
the finest mauve. Column whitish ; ultimately those
colours change. The sepals and petals become
whitish-ochre coloured, the stripes become mauve-
brownish, the lip becoming yellow with some brown
colour, in lieu of that fine dazzling mauve.

This apparently unique plant flowered first in

' .Sficcotfibium A'meeanum, n. wp. — Erectum ; vaginia arpo-
phyllaceo-rugosis ; foliia latoligulatis apice ineequaliter obtuse
bilobi?, abbreviati?, latis, craisis&imia (.3 — i pollices lougis,
IJ latis); panicula biramea (semper?) densiflora; bracteis
concaris obtusisovaria subiEquantibus; sepalisligulatis obtusis
extus carinatis. tepalig sub.x-qiialibua Iab«llo camoaissimo,
laciuiis lateralibas obtusangulia abbrefiatis, lacinia mediana
obloDg>trlaQgula, aub apics etrumosa. calcarl eylindrato
elavato obtueo d«fl«xo orarlum lubesquaDte. CI. Smee, grato
anlmo dicatum. H. G. BeU. /.

October, 1885, and in August, 1887, in the garden of
Mr. A. H. Smee, at Hackbridge, near Carshalton.
The plant passed through different hands before it
came to rest with its actual possessor; hence its
origin is unknown. It may he Sondaic. No species
is so much like it as to the flowers as Saccolabium
pachyglossum of Lindley, which was discovered by
T. Lobb ; this has, however, terete leaves. It bears
the name of its kind possessor, Mr. A. H. Smee.
H. G. Rchh. f.

Dendrobium lon'Gicornu, Lindl.
How difficult it is sometimes to name garden
Orchids ! Mr. A. H. Smee, The Grange, Hack-
bridge, Surrey, sent me in November, 1883, in
August, 1885, and again now, flowers of the same
plant. On the two former occasions they were quite
" distinct " from the type, having a very narrow pro-
jected central lacinia of the lip, with very few teeth.
I had no great confidence in the play, and knowing
Mr. A. H. Smee's kindness, I asked for a third fresh
supply. And now the flowers at hand correspond to
the original representation in Bat. Reg., 1315, show-
ing a very short broad, emarginate, retuse mid-lacinia,
with numerous teeth ! H. G. Rchb.f.

JI.4SDEVALLIA HiNCKSIANA X , ». Ttyh.

A lovely thing ! It is a cross between Maade-
vallia ignea, Rchb. f. (pollen), and tovarensis, Rchh. f.
The foliage is just intermediate between the two
parents, having " a longer footstalk than tovarensis, and
not quite so long a one as that of ignea." The flower
is very graceful on its slender peduncle, the first one
being one-flowered, but the parentage of tovarensis
might give hopes for more flowers. It has a slender
short white tube, a very short triangular median sepal,
light ochre, running out in a declined ochre tail,
orange at top. The pair sepals are quite those of
Masdevallia tovarensis, but narrower, light ochre,
the short tails orange. Petals ligulate, emarginate at
the top, obtusangled over the base, with a keel running
inside quite as in ignea. Lip ligulate acute, with
two little short semi-oblong keels in the middle in
lieu of the longer ones of Masdevallia tovarensis.
Column of the same species, but the lateral angles, and
a spot on back purple-mauve. Flower equal to that
of a middle-sized Masdevallia tovarensis, but a little
narrower, in the way of genuine M. coccinea. It
was raised by my excellent correspondent. Captain
S. C. Hincks, Breckenborough, Thirsk, whose name
it bears. It is eminent as an orchidic hybrid for its
pure colour. H. G. Rchb.f.

CaTASETDM SANGOINEtTM (Lindl.) INTEGEALE, It, far.

The genuine Catasetum sanguineum, Lindl., as
represented in a woodcut in Paxton's Flower Garden,
ii., p. 168, has the broad anterior part of the lip
serrate. I have often seen this with numerous
transitions to a simpler state — there are smaller, much
greater teeth, few teeth, &c. Two fine varieties
are represented in Hook., Bot. Mag., 4792. A new
variety has the anterior lip wholly entire. I had
never seen it thus before. It was kindly sent me by
Mr. W. Bull. I believe Catasetum Naso, Lindl.
(not Hook., Bof. Mag., I.e.), is quite distinct by the
border of the hypochiliar cavity being a lobed wall
whereas it is entire, now emarginate in the middle
in Catasetum sanguineum, Lindl. H. G. Rchb.f.

ClRUHOPETALUM STRAGtJLARIUM, n. »p.

I may add to what was published of this plant in
last week's issue, p. 186, that a very useful sketch of
the plant, kindly forwarded me by Mr. W. Bull,
shows that the bulbs are wide apart, on a strong,
scaly creejjing rhizome. The pseudobulbs are pyri-
form tetragouous or pentagonal, more than an inch in
height, and an inch at least in diameter. Sheaths
broken up speedily into fibres. Leaves cuneate petio-
late for more than an inch in length, oblong, blunt,
0—7 inches long, by 2^—3 inches wide.

It may bo the oame as Cirrhopetalum pulchrum,
IT. E. Brown, published in the Illuairation Hortieoh,
1886, pi. serin., but the evldenoe of Identity oan

August 20, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

215

only be given by fresh flowers, warranted to have
been sent from Halmahera to Messrs. Linden. As
it is, the blunt toothless column, the broad upper
eepal with a bristle surpassing it in length, the un-
cinate petals forbid such an identification, yet the
colour of the lateral sepals is so uncommon and is
so near to that of Mr. W. Bull's plant, that I
regard it at least as a duty, even from a Yti^het point
de vue, to allude to the case.

The memorandum about the plant I never hoped
to recognise was of course placed in the group

I may add, that Mr. Bull's plant is much stronger, the
leaves lerger and distinctly stalked, as in the most
inferior pseudobulb iu the Liadenian plate. There
were, however, not four, but three flowers in the
inflorescence. H. G. Rchb.f.

KEW NOTES.

Gladiolus dracocephalu3 and G. Eckloni. —
These two rare species of Gladiolus are now in
flower in the Cape-house at Kew. They were pui-

^^^^

^^M7\-:'

■<* -< ^ ---^

Fig. 52. — steeptocakpus watsokiX : flowers rost-purpi.e. (see p. 214.)

of the species with naked petals without any cilia;,
whereas Mr. Bull's plant has not only well developed
bristles on those organs, but also a row of warts. I
do not speak of the " labellum lineari oblongum,"
nor of the " pseudobulbi brevi," the " sepali laterales
in lamina connatum," " petal! falcati purpurei." It
would seem that, as in the case of Catasetum Bun-
gerothi, the description was taken from a sketch
made by a collector — a practice I have several times
energetically refused to adopt, as it is sure to cause
confusion, and garden botany is difficult and vexatious
enough without the addition of superfluous diflicultiee,

chased from Mr. K. W. Adlam, of Natal, who recently
went plant-collecting ou behalf of Kew and several
other establishments interested in bulbous plants.
Both species came under one label, i.e., " Gladiolus
sp. : flowers white, red, and yellow, striped. Trans-
vaal, sandy loam, alt. 5500 feet." G. dracocephalus
is figured in Bot. Mag., t. 5884, from a plant flowered
in August, 1871, by Wilson Saunders at Reigate,
and collected by Mr. Cooper in Natal. It has leaves
over 1 foot long by 2 inches wide, a scape 2J feet
high, bearing six to eight flowers, each of which is
'3 inches long and broad, two-lipped^ the thr«e npper

segments forming a sort of hood over the stamens ;
colour yellowish, with numerous purple-brown streaks ;
lips bright green, with a few spots of purple. It is
not a gaudy plant. G. Eckloni is a common Cape
plant, and was introduced by Saunders, through his
collector. Cooper, about 1876. It is figured in Bot.
Mag., t. 6335. Leaves eusiform. 1 foot long, 1 inch
wide ; scape, 2 feet high, erect, bearing about twelve
flowers, each 1.^ inch long, rather narrow, segments
recurved at the tips ; colour white, with a brown-red
line down the middle of each segment, and peppered
all over with brown dots ; there is a faint yellow streak
on the lower half of each of the four lowermost seg-
ments. That figured in Bot. Mag. is richer iu colour,
and the dots are much larger than in the plant at
Kew, which we should call var. pallida. Both species
are growing in pots. W.

A Giant Aroid (Cosophallus titanum).

The development of this gigantic Aroid at Kew,
from a tiny seedling in 1879 to its present dimen-
sions, is watched with great interest by those who
were astonished by the description given in the
Gardeners' Chronicle in 1878 by Dr. O. Beccari, its
lucky discoverer. There is also at Kew in one of the
museums (No. 3) a life-size drawing of the plant and
another of its inflorescence, which are quite as
gigantic in their proportions as stated by Dr.
Beccari. If the Kew specimen continues to thrive
and increase as it has done hitherto, we may hope
in a year or two to see this vegetable monster fully
developed.

Last year an illustration of the Kew plant
was given in the Gardeners' Chronicle (see October,
p. 432) when it was about 5 feet high and had
two-thirds its present girth of stem. The history of
this specimen is as follows : — By request of Dr.
Beccari a seedling raised from seeds sent by him to
the Florence Botanical Garden w.as forwarded to
Kew. It was then a tiny plant in a 3-inch pot. It
has made a leaf annually since then, and for the
last four years it has stood during the summer
over the large tank in which the Victoria regia is
grown. Here it gets plenty of moisture and light,
with a bottom-heat of about 80° all the season
through. In October the leaf decays and falls off,
and the tuber is then placed in a stove under the
stage, where the soil is kept moist till the beginning
of January. The tuber is then thoroughly washed
and allowed to stand exposed to the air in a propa-
gating pit for about si.x weeks. It is repotted in a
strong loamy soil, and plunged in a hotbed till the
Water Lily tank is ready, when it is removed to its
former position there. When potted this ytar the
tuber measured 3 feet 9 inches in circumference and
10 inches in depih, its shape being that of the tuber
of the well-known Amorphnphallus Rivieri. It was
planted in a pot over 2 feet in diameter. In the
first week in June the new leaf showed its sheath
through the soil, and from this the growth was so
rapid that by the end of July the leaf was of the
following dimensions. By the side of these we cite
the dimensions of the full-sized plant as given by
Dr. Beccari : —

1

1.

■3

■s

it

•3

i

•3

^

,2 -9

'oH

"3

h

3

11

Is

3

3

ai

a

Ft. In.

Ft. In.

Ft.In.JFt.In.

Ft.

Ft. In.

Ft.

Ft.

Kew plant.

1887

3 9

6 6

1 10 : 1 1

28

Plants as seen

by Dr. Bec-

cari

5 0

10 0

3 0 ...

46

1 7

3

tf

It is probable that next year will be the critical
one, as the tuber is likely to reach the size given by
Dr. Beccari, when it should flower. If the disagree-
able odour that is the usual accompaniment to
the flowers of the plants of this section of the
Aroid family is in proportion to the exceptional
size of the plant, we may expect that many people

21fi

TEE GABDENERS' CEBONICLE.

[August 20, 1887.

will think the flowers best when seen from a dis-
tance.

The Kew collection of tnberous Aroids is rich in
species just now, and the flowering of many of them
this year has been noted from time to time in these
pages. Arisaimas, Sauromatums, Typhoniums, An-
chomanes, Dracontiums, and Amorphophalluses, have
been flowered this year. Let us hope that next year
we may have to add to this list the giant of the
whole order, and one of the most wonderful plants
Vnown, viz., Conophallus, or Amorphophallus tita-
num. }V.

THE POTATO CROP OF 1887.

SCOTLAND.

ABERDEENsniHE. — Potatos, unless where early
planted, came up well, and have done well. Early
8)rls now in use are a good crop, and of excellent
quality. As yet no appearace of disease. John Forest,
Haddo House.

This crop in almost all cases is looking

very promising. The field crops, without exception,
look very promising. Early garden varieties have
not withstood the heat and drought well, and will, I
am afraid, be small. Sharp's Victor has proved to
be an excellent early variety. The later varieties
look very promising. James F. Smith, Dimecht.

KiNROss-suiRE. — This crop could not look better.
If anything garden sorts are too strong in the haulm ;
kidneys felt the want of rain to give them size, but
now they are both good in size and quality. The
crop in the fields without exception looks well. J.
Fortune, Blair Adam Gardens, July 27.

Midlothian. — Early Potatos have been a fine
crop, and of excellent quality. Eield Potatos are
growing with great vigour, and promises a heavy crop,
if the weather continues favourable. So far there is
no sign of disease, but it does not generally break
out in this district till August. Of late years the
attack has not been serious on good Potato land ;
aTid the plants are so healthy and strong this sea-
son, that the loss is not likely to be above an aver-
age, probably much less. Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith
(xaidcns.

East Lothiav. — Early Potatos, owing to the great
drouglit we liad when they were swelling their tubers,
are smaller than usual, but are an excellent crop,
and very clean in the skin. The old Ashleaf kidney,
Myalt's and Veitch's kidneys, which we have been
using, are good in quality. The second earlies will
be much larger, as we had a good rain just in time
to keep the tubers swelling. Field Potatos are
looking splendidly all about this neighbourhood. I
never saw them looking better. Z. Dow, Newbyth,
Prestonkirk.

Stirlingshire. — Potatos are all looking well on
light land, but where the soil is heavy tliey are very
weak, and do not look as if they would do much
more good ; the long drought told very severely on
them. Garden Potatos are excellent in quality, and
the crop about an average one. Those which have
been tested are Myatt's Ashleaf kidney. Old Ash-
leif. Mona's Pride, and Sutton's First and Best.
J. King, Blair Drummond.

Dumfriesshire. — Early Potatos are extra good in
quality, small in size, but an average crop as regards
the number of tubers, only I should be afraid that
much rain, after the long spell of dry weather we
have had, may cause a second growth, which always
deteriorates the quality. Late crops look as well
and full of promise as ever T saw them in this dis-
trict, although a much longer spell of the dry wejither
may jm'vent them swelling. There is not tlie least
signs of disease as yet. Jas. Smart, Baehills,
Lockerbie.

ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COXJNTIES.
Northumberland. — Early Potatos are small, but
good in quality, with no signs of disease. On the
farms they are looking exceedingly well on deep
soils, showing a more than usual luxuriance, and in
some cases whrre Ih'V have been lifted the tubers

are found to be numerous, and of good size. The
harvest outlook is a promising one. Oats and
Barley are the crop of the season ; quality is excep-
tionally fine. Turnips which were sowm early are in
first-r.ate order. D. Inglis, Howick Hall. Lcsbury.

Early Potatos small, later sorts promise

better. I have not heard of any disease. Duke of
Albany is highly spoken of as an early variety in the
allotment gardens, which are numerous here. We
have had a very dry season. Rainfall, 9"29 inches,
as compared with more than 16 inches at this time
last year. We had 1'75 inch from July 3 to July 9.
G. Harris. Alnwick Gardens.

Cumberland. — Early Potatos are an average crop,
and are good in quality. In the fields in this district
the late or main crops of Potatos look very pro-
mising. I have not seen any indication of the blight
on either haulm or tubers up to the present time.
J. Hammond, Drayton, Carlisle.

Westmoreland. — Owing to the drought early
Potatos are very small, but of good quality. Late
Potatos are looking well. We have had a few
showers, which will help them. I hear that in the
high districts of the county Potatos were touched
with frost on the morning of July 6. On that date
we registered a minimum of 34°. W. A. Miller,
XJnderby, Kirkby Lonsdale.

Durham. — Potatos are looking very healthy and
clean, and are being lifted free of all disease ; but
owing to the prolonged drought are very small.
Field Potatos are also looking well, free from blight,
and flowering more than usually, owing, no doubt, to
the extreme dryness of the season some of ours in
the garden have flowers on every joint. J. Hunter
Lamhion Castle, Fence Houses.

Yorkshire. — The Potato crop is sound and free
from disease, but the plants have suffered much from
the long-continued drought, especially on soils that
are light. If we do not have rain soon, the crop
will be a light one and the tubers yejy small.
Thomas Jones, Bibsfon Hall Gardens, Netherby.

Early Potatos are a light crop owing to the

long spell of dry weather, and the strong limestone
loam in the district. The late varieties are looking
well, and are much benefited by the showers we
have recently enjoyed. No signs of disease in the
plants. IK Chiu:k, Brodsworth Hall, Doncaster.

Early Potatos have suflfered from drought :

nevertheless they are numerous at the root, very fine
in quality, rather small, but clean and perfectly free
from disease and grub. Second earlies and late, both
in garden and field, were never known to look better
in spite of the long-continued drought. Autumn
sown Wheat looks remarkably well and promises a
grand yield ; Barley and Oats on well cultivated
lands also look well and promising, but in some
instances have suffered a little from drought, but
not seriously so in this locality. Early sown Turnips
look fairly well, but want rain ; late ones are not
doing so well in consequence of drought. James
Tindall, Sprotborouqh Hall Gardens, Doncaster.

The Potato crop on the whole as yet is very

light. Owing to the dry weather early Potatos are
very small, and the late sorts are suffering very much
from the same cause. Unless we have rain shortly
the Potato crop in this district must be a failure. I
have not heard of any disease in the neighbourhood.
William Culverwell, Thorpe Perrow, Bcdale.

Lancashire. — Potatos looked remarkably well early
in June, now suffering from drought. Early ones are
small and few in number, and unless we have rain
soon late ones will be in still worse condition. We
have had only a few showers during the last seven
weeks. A. Jamicson, Haigh Hall, Wigan, July 25.

MIDLAND COUNTIES.
Cheshire. — Owing to the late cold spring Potatos
are all very late this season, those usually fit for use
the beginning of July being then only coming into
flower, hut the plants are very healthy, with an
unusual quantity of flowers, showing that a dry hot
summer is favourable to their healthy gi-owth. The
tubers of the first e.arlies were small, the later sorts
large, and the crop very good, with no sign of

disease ; but as yet it is too early in the season to
give an opinion as to the disease affecting the late or
field crops. At present they are looking very healthy,
with the exception of some on very light sandy land.
\Y. IVhitaker, Crewe Hall.

Shropshire. — The early sorts are not at all satis-
factory this year ; the long-continued dry weather
has prematurely ripened the tubers, and they have
neither the size nor the quality of ordinary years.
Field crops look very promising, notwithstanding the
dry weather, and if we get a good soaking of rain
soon are likely to turn out a full average crop.
J. Lottdon, The Quinta, Chirk.

Early Potatos in this district were quite a

fortnight later than usual, it being June 28 before
we lifted our first early varieties outside, and last
year we lifted our first on June 12. Owing to the
excessive drought of the past six weeks the tubers
are under the average in quantity ; in fact, in many
of the cottage gardens in the district they are scarcely
worth lifting. Late Potatos also stand in need of
rain, as on all thin and porous soils the haulm is
dying very fast, and should we not get rain soon our
prospect for a good Potato crop is very gloomy
indeed. R. Milner, Sundorn Castle.

Staffordshire. — The Potato crop in this district
will be very light, owing to the late cold spring, the
haulm coming up very irregularly. They have suf-
fered very much from drought. In some places in
the district, on light sandy land, they are burnt up,
and will not pay for the labour of lifting. Late
kinds look better, but want rain very much. There
are no signs of disease at present. G. Wythes, Ted-
desley Park.

Notts.— Early Potatos are good in quality, but not
extra large. Field ones look very promising, being
clean and healthy. The late rain will keep them
growing, as a little longer without rain on them would
have given them a check. A. Henderson, Thoreshy
Gardens, Ollerton.

Potatos in this locality, both early and late,

looked very well, but the long-continued drought
has been the cause of many varieties being
small. Myatt's Prolific, Covent Garden Perfec-
tion, Rivers' Royal Ashleaf, and Mona's Pride, are
the varieties we grow for early use. At present
I have seen no disease. S. A. Wood, Osberton Gar-
dens, Worksop.

Warwickshire. — The crop is better than might
have been expected considering the dry weather
which has prevailed. Hitherto this has not been a
Potato growing district but Potato culture in War-
wickshire appears to be entering upon an entirely
new phase from the fact of a number of hard-working
Scotch farmers settling amongst us, driven south-
ward by the depressing times in the North. These
men finding the land " virgin " so far as Potato cul-
ture is concerned, have planted largely and gathered
plentifully. What is called in farming parlance a
"dead fallow" — i.e., land lying a whole year without a
crop undergoing the process of cleansing for a seed
bed of Wheat— is by these Scotch farmers converted
into a " live " and profitable Potato fallow. We are
informed that English farmers on adjoining land, see-
ing the advantage, have removed the cataract pre-
judice from their eyes, and are also adopting the
" live fallow system ; " nay, more, they are even be-
coming alive to the absolute necessity of a deeper
system of cultivation, also believed in and practised
by these Scotch immigrants, to enable the soil to
better absorb, store, or retain rain — Heaven's free
gift to man ; so that in dry seasons like this there
will be a storage of moisture in a prepared body of
soil, from which the plant can assimilate, root, ramify,
and mature with vigour, which gift of rain was, by
the old rigidly adhered to system, of ridge and
furrow, hurried off to the nearest ditch, carrying
with it, on its downward career, most of the ma-
nurial nitrogen which both rain and the farmyard
had placed on the land. W. Miller, Coombe Abbey
Gardens.

Northamptonshire. — Having had only a quarter of
an inch of rain since June 3, the early Potatos are very
small ; later crops look well at present, but if wi' do

Adqdst 20, 1887.]

TEE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

in

-not soon get rain I am afraid the ci'op will be very
light. G. Goldsmith, Floore Gardens,

Bedfordshiiie. — The early Potatos are very small,
-and should rain now come they would derive very
little benefit from it, the tubers being all but
matured. Late I'otatos, however, look better, and
only require a good fall of rain to insure an excellent
yield ; should this, however, be much longer delayed
the tubers will be very small. }F. ^f, Baillic, LxUon
Hoo.

Great complaints everywhere as to yield in

size and quantity. On light soils early kinds are
dried up, witli scarcely any produce on heavy land.
Although the tops look healthy and strong, there is
no weight at the root. Disease is showing itself in
the foliage in some places, and reports of " growing
again " are on the increase. A. McKay, Wobiirn
Abbey.

Bucks. — In the valleys hereabout and other moist
places these look remarkably well and early crops
are fairly good but somewhat smaller in size than
usual. On the hill sides and in gravelly and sandy
soils they are suffering very much from the drought,
and the crops will unquestionably be very light and
small in size. No indication of the appearance of
;any disease whatever. G. T, Miles, Wycombe Abbey
Gardens.

Early varieties are very small, but free from

•disease — best earlies, Veitch's Early Ashleaf, Beauty
■of Hebron, and !Myatt"s Old Ashleaf. Late varieties
looking very promising, but much in need of rain.
M. P. Ross promises to be a good main crop variety.
tT. Smith, Mcntmorc.

Early Potatos are good, although very small,

and no appearance of disease has yet been seen either
in haulm or tubei. Late varieties look well, but
unless we soon get a soaking rain the produce will
be ver}' small. Here we have experienced nearly
two months of continued drought, having escaped the
showers that have fallen in various parts of the
country — a refreshing shower yesterday morning
(25th) excepted. C. Hcrrin, Dropm/)re.

Herts. — Potatos very good, but undersized.
Snowdrop kidney with me is best this season, both in
frames and outside. Veitch's Ashleaf kidnev is
sound, but small. The haulra of the late sorts
looks fresh, and promises well for a good crop of
tubers. I have not seen any disease. J. F'Ut, Cassio-
bury Park.

All early varieties have ripened off prema-

tm-ely. What we have lifted ourselves the tubers
run very small, and about one-fifth of a crop. Late
crops are looking and holding out fairly well through
the drought. Field crops, especially on the light
soils, are showing signs of distress, and if rain does
not come presently, the crops are likely to run very
light. J. Kipling, Kiiebworih.

weeks without rain, which means poor crops. The
season has been most trying for all kinds of fruit
and vegetables. C. Penny, Sandringham.

Suffolk. — Want of rain is telling seriously on the
Potato crop in this district, and the yield, unless we
get wet soon, must be small, as the tubers of late
kinds are just forming, and require moisture at once
to enable them to swell before the skins become set.
Early kinds have bten very small, and, owing to the
check received, not of good quality. J, Sheppard,
JVoolverstonc Park.

All the early kinds are very small, but of

good quality. The late ones will, I hope, be better
than at one time we could expect them to be. The
fine rains we have had have greatly improved their
prospects. Up to this date I have not seen or heard
of any disease. J. Mill, Rcndlcsham Hall.

Essex. — Potatos are certainly poor in this district.
We are now digging Myatfs after the Old Ashleaf,
They are very small indeed, the quality is not good,
and many of them are growing again (not super-
tuberating, but shooting out from the eyes). In
gardens where the ground is light and poor, the late
varieties are quite a failure. Our gi'ound is deeply
worked and well manured, so that the haulm so far
stands up bravely. They want rain badly. J, Douglas,
Ilford.

Beauty of Hebron and Early Kose, which are

doing well, are being dug, and sell readily for £7 to
£8 per ton ; JIagnum Bonum, already " growing
out,"' occasioned by occasional slight thunder showers
following the long ])eriod of drought. The Potato
crop generally will be a light one in any case, and
the quality poor. W. Earlcy, Double Hoicse, Aldborouqh
Hatch.

EASTERN COUNTIES.

Lincolnshire. — The Potato crop will be very
various, according to soil, situation, and early varie-
ties. The tubers are very small, but clean and
good ; late varieties are at a standstill through
drought, and if we have rain we may expect a second
growth, which will not improve the quality. In
most low-lying lands the crops are better, and still
Rowing. D. Luinsden, Bloxholm Hall Gardens.

The Potato crops, which are extensively grown

in this neighbourhood, are turning out better than
might be expected, and unusually covered with bloom.
I do not remember so ranch since 1868. All that is
■wanted is rain, for the ground is very parched. The
Potato crop will be one of the finest we have had for
years. G. B. Tillyard, Brockle^by Park.

Norfolk. — No signs of any disease, but in some
places the tubers are not worth taking up, being so
very small. The tubers are very good in qualitv,
but are small. I am afraid the crop in general is
too far gone to be much benefited should rainy
weather set in — the late varieties would be spoiled
by a second growth in that event. J. Forder, Hilling-
ton Hall.

Our early crop a failure for want of rain.

The late varieties look well, but we have been ten

SOUTHERN COUNTIES.

Middlesex. — All early Potatos are unusually small,
the tops being'short, and tlie tubers late in forming.
The chief early kinds in this market-growing district
are Beauty of Hebron and Early Rose, the former
having the greater preference, Ashleafs are little
grown now, and in such a season as the present in
fields it will be very difficult to find a seed-stock
resulting. Some Early Regents ai'e also grown, but
the tops are very short. Generally the tuber-
produce is not more than half an average yet.
Later kinds, such as White Elephants, Magnums,
Chancellors, Champions, &c., look very well yet, but
can only be induced to give a profitable lot of tubers
by a heavy soaking rain ; the soil about the roots is
unusually dry. We have had no rain for six weeks,
and, during that time unusual burning heat,
which has robbed the soil of moisture far more
rapidly than the plants have. On the whole, the
prospect of the Potato crop at present is that it will
be a very moderate one, unless rain soon interposes.
A. D., Bedfont.

The general complaint in this district is that

there are plenty of Potatos, but that the tubers are
small. The late ones are looking well, but will soon
show signs of requiring moisture at the roots. The
haulm flags much in the day time, owing to the
parched condition of the ground. G. Hnasman, The
Grove, Stantnorc.

Kent. — The crop of early Potatos is very small,
owing to the seven weeks* drought, and I fear late
kinds will be anything but good in quality or
quantity, for the tubers must ripen prematurely, and
after getting rains must grow out. The sorts for
general use that we have are Beauty of Hebron and
Magnum Bonum, the soil being very suitable for
them. F. Moore, Blcndon Hall.

Potato crop in this neighbourhood will pro-
bably be of good quality but light. The long-con-
tinued drought has checked development of tuber,
and in some instances, especially in cottage gardens,
the haulm is almost dried up. On deeply tilled gi'ound
the appearance is fairly promising. Potato disease
not reported up to present date. These observations
apply only to immediate neighbom-hood so far as I
know. G. A, Don, Bcdgehury Park.

Early sorts good, and fair crop, but some

Veitch'a Improved Ashleaf and International kidneys

are the best ; late sorts are looking well, but want
rain very much. F. Deiixbcrry, Cohham Hall.

Early Potatos are very small ; late Potatos

have looked well all through, the slight showers
lately having kept them growing, but were hardly
sufticient in quantity to swell the tubers much.
Wm. Craik, Hoihficld Place.

Surrey. — Potatos on the whole look remarkably
well, and are free so far from disease, although small
on account of the drought. Early rains will greatly
improve the late varieties, but the early ones are
ripening off fast. J. Tanner, Tanridge Court.

The crop in this district is very late. We

have not lifted any kidneys for seed yet, only for pre-
sent table use. The tubers are rather under size, but
of excellent flavour. On the hills the haulm is quite
burnt up, and the tubers are prematurely ripened.
Field crops on retentive soils are looking very pro-
mising, and no disease to be seen in haulm or tuber.
The varieties that are grown most in this locality for
general purposes are Veitchs Ashleaf, Beauty of
Hebron (most prolific), Magnum Bonum, Welford
Park, Miss Fowler, Chiswick Favourite, M.P.,
Schoolmaster, Scotch Champion, Vicar of Laleham,
and Yorkshire Hero. A. Evans, Lythe Hill.

Sussex. — Potatos are with us very good, but I hear
on all sides complaints of poor crops. Kidneys are
very clean, and of nice size. I am now getting up
splendid samples of M.P. and Miss Fowler ; the
former is, in my opinion, the best early round Potato
we have. Late Potatos look quite exhausted for the
want of moisture. From my notes I find we are
three weeks behind the season of last year, but may
yet get a favourable autumn. H. R. Holmes, The
Gardens, Ashbiirnham Place.

Hants. — First and second early sorts have never
been better, but later kinds are suffering seriously
for want of rain. I have lifted a few roots of several
of the later sorts, and some have scarcely formed a
tuber at all. and others that have are growing out,
which means injury from supertuberation as soon as
the soil gets moist. All vegetable crops are good
W. Wildsmith, Heckficld Gardens.

The early kinds are eight to ten days later

this year than usual. We have a good crop, good
size and good quality, and quite free from disease.
The early kinds are ripe and ready to take up,
but I hear on light sandy soils the early kinds are
very small tubers, and poor crop ; all the late
kinds look well, but want rain badly, or they will be
very small on light eoils ; but all are free from disease
at the present time. W. Smytke, Basing Park.

Early Potatos were a fortnight later here this

year than in past seasons owing to the sunless spring :
these and second earlies also are 'plentiful in crop,
excellent in quality, but the tubers are small, owing
to long-continued dry weather, only 016 of rain
falling in five weeks, this, accompanied with drying
north and east winds, has made the soil very dry to a
considerable depth. Late Potatos look well generally,
and if rain comes soon the crop will yet be saved. E.
Molyncitx, Sivanniore.

Berks. — Early sorts are quite ripe and very small ;
mid-season varieties will make a second growth
when the rain comes. Late crops have not appeared
to suffer severely as yet, and no affected tubers have
been found; but the disease is likely to develope rapidly
should rainy weather set in. J. Rose, Lockingc Park.

Potatos are still looking remarkably well

with us, but on light thin soil they are ripening ofi"
fast, and will be very small. We have found a few
near the surface commencing to supertuberate,
but the majority of the earlier sorts are excellent.
Among the newer varieties, I have been especially
pleased with Sutton's Seedling, and Midsummer
Kidney, Beauty of Hebron, too, being most use-
ful. Unless we get a good rain soon late sorts
will be very small. JK Pope, Highclere Castle,
Xewbui'i/.

The Potato crops are fairly good ; our early

ones have been a fine large crop — nice clean tuber?,
and excellent in flavour. Middle and late ones
looked well up to last week, but now are showing
signs of distress for want of rain. I fear the tubera
on the whole will be very small, J. Tegg, Bearwood^

218

THE GARDENEES' CHRONICLE.

[AcGusT 20, 1887.

Wilts. — Early varieties, though the tubers are
-«mall, are of excellent quality, being firm and
floury. Late varieties, except in heavy soils, are,
in consequence of the continaed dry and hot weather,
giving out ; therefore, should sufficient rain come to
thoroughly moisten the soil about the tubers, they
are liltely to grow out. The American Early Rose
does well in this district, being very productive, the
tubers large, and of fine qu.ality, as also does School-
master, Vicar of Laleham, Reading Russet, and
Champion, round varieties ; and of the kidneys, the
Old Aslileaf, Mvatt's Prolific, and Woodstock find
most favour. There is as yet no appearance of
disease in the tubers, but in the event of twenty-four
hours' steady rain coming, and which is much needed,
disease may be looked for. H. W. Ward, Longford
Castle.

Early Potatos in this part are small, but

quite free from disease ; on open quarters, where the
ground is deep and ricli, they are much better, the
dry weather not affecting them so much. Late kinds
look well generally, and particularly so the varieties
Magnum Bonum and Reading Hero ; these reliable
kinds will, I think, fully maintain their reputation at
digging time. W, Nash, Badminton,

Should rain soon fall we may yet hope for a fair re-
turn from them. W. Child, Croom Court, Secern Stoke.

The early varieties have suft"ered from the

want of rain, but we are digging excellent samples of
Gloucester Kidneys and Myatt's Ashleaf. With deep
cultivation and the liberal use of leaf-soil as a
manure, the crop witli us will stand a long period of
drought without any serious effects ; late varieties,
such as Magnum Bonum and Wormleighton Seedling,
are making rapid growth, the hot weather does not
seem to liave the least eff'ect on them, not even
causing them to fiag. For miles around this district
late Potatos in the fields are in the best of health,
and with a few showers of rain would bring the pro-
mise of a heavy crop of tubers to perfection. E. Ward,
Hewell Grange, Brom.^grove.

Herefordshire. — Early and second early sorts are
much under average size, but they are bright and
clean in appearance, and entirely free from disease.
The cooking quality is all that can be desired. Late
sorts under field culture that were got in previous
to the end of April look well, and up to date there

WESTERN COUNTIES.

T)evon. — Potatos have no trace of disease, but the
tubers are very much under size, and the season so
far advanced for tliem that I expect they will be very
disappointing both in crop and quality. Some sorts
are already growing out, due probably to the tropical
heat they have borne and the almost entire absence
of rain. The month of June was wholly without rain ;
the total rain here (Exeter) from the commencement
of the year to middle of July was under 9 inches,
and at no time in sufficient quantity to moisten the
ground beyond a very few inches in depth. James
Enstonc, Wear, Exeter,

Early Potatos turn out well, second earlies

^re small, and late ones are at a standstill. Should
we get rain now I fear the late varieties would grow
out. The field Potatos are poor in the extreme ;
we have had very little rain since they were planted.
M.P. and Vicar of Laleham are two of the best crop-
pers on these hills. G. Baker, Memfiland, Plymouth.

Cornwall. — The sorts of Potatos that I have
tested up to the present period — viz., Sharp's
Victor. Rivers' Royal Ashleaf, Moua's Pride, Snow-
drop, Early Giant King, Cosmopolitan, and Wood-
stock Kidney — are a full average crop ; the two
latter second earlies are favourites here, being robust
growers, good croppers, and fine in quality. This
.extraordinarily hot and dry season is favourable for
them in our rather heavy loam. Later sorts, both in
garden and field, are looking well : not a spot of
'disease at present. C. Lee, Boeonnoc, Lostivithicl.

Somersetshire. — Potatos came up evenly and
strongly, and the early crops have yielded fairly
good crops. Only a few diseased tubers found.
Later sorts still want a soaking rain sadly. Many
;are growing out or supertuberating, and I am afraid
ithe crops will be of mixed quality. Sutton's Seed-
Hing is remarkably good, and ou tlie whole turns out
better than any other sort lifted. W. Igguldcn,
Marslon Court Gardens.

GLOncESTEKSHiRE. — The earliest Potatos were very
small, but seconds were good ; at present there is no
sign of disease. The late crops, such as Magnum
Bonum, Scottish Champion, and Beauty of Hebron,
are looking well, the latter especially so, as the quan-
tity of haulm made protected them from drought.
Beauty of Hebron last year was a very heavy crop,
and when kept till Christmas proved itself to be one
of the best late Potatos grown. A. Chap,nan, Weston
Birt Gardens.

Worcestershire. — With the continued drought
'the Potato crop looks most unsatisfactory ; all the
earlies are very much undersized, and the second
earlies although looking well, have during the past
week drooped very much. As to the late varieties,
-all without exception look extremely healthy and
■well, but there can be but little tuber to them.

out clean and excellent in quality. W. Gray, Wood-
stock.

Down. — Early Potatos have turned out very small,
having only had one shower of rain since they were
planted ; late sorts are very promising, and there are
as yet no signs of the disease. J. Taylor, Mount
Stewart.

Arsiagh. — Potato crops are looking well, and have
improved greatly since the slight fall of rain we had
early in July. Some of the early Ashleaf which
were ripening before it came are, I observe, super-
tuberating. Rain is badly wanted for all crops. T.
Shcastty, Castle Dillon.

CHANNEL ISLANDS.
GcERNSEY. — The Potato crop has been fair — in
some places, indeed, heavy; but we think this has
been the exception. The excessive dry weather has
quite overdone the benefit which the Potato crop
enjoys under an ordinary dry season. Prices have
ruled good, so that probably an increased culture will

Fig. 53. — flo\ver of agave glaucescens. (see p. 'JIO.)

is not a vestige of spot or curl visible anywhere.
W, Rowljree, The Gardeius, Garnons.

WALES.

DENniOHSHiBE. — The crops are so far prolific and
very healthy, but late and small. They were long
in starting into growth after planting. P. Mtddletuii,
Wgnnstay Gardens, Rimhon.

Carsiakthesshire. — The garden Potatos we have
been using are Rivers' Royal Ashleaf, and the true
Short-top Ashleaf, which have proved a fine crop, of
excellent quality. All the other varieties at present
promise well, there being also no appearance of
disease. The field Potatos are very luxuriant in
haulm and promising; in fact, they look as well as
ever I have seen them at this time of year. L. Boweii,
Fjlwinsford. July 2(i.

IRELAND.

Kilkenny. — In this district the field Potato crop
is very promising, not having suff'ered to the same
extent from the excessive drought as most otiier
crops have done ; early sorts in gardens are tui'uing

develope here next season. Of late years the trade
has not been so warmly followed here as in Jersey.
C. Smith ij- Son, Caledonia Xursery, St. Peter's Port.

Jersey. —A large area has been devoted to Potato
culture this season, and the result has proved satis-
factory. The lightness of the crops (1 cwt. to the
perch of 16 feet) all counted and weighed, has been
counterbalanced by the good prices, commencing at
10s., and ending at 5s. per cwt. — some fine samples of
early flukes realising higher prices, owing to their
fine size and good appearance. Much discussion
takes place as to names and varieties, but seasons
evidently determine the quality. It is estimated that
the returns to the island for this crop only will
amount to half a million sterling this season. Well
done ! — 12 miles by 5 = 60 miles, to divide this
amount, looks like prosperity! — "striking ile," as the
Yanks say. C. B. Saunders, 'St. Saviours.

Scilly Isles. — Our early crop was under average,
and prices ruled low in the markets by reason of the
cold, backward spring. Late and winter crops will
be small, the ground being very dry. We are 8 inches
below our usual average of rainfall for the present
year, no rain of any consequence having fallen since
the middle cf last Januaiy ! G. D. Vallance, Tresco
Abbey.

AcGcsT 20, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

213

THE GRANGE, CO. LIMERICK.

SiTnATED nine miles from Limericl;, close to the
old coach road from Limerick to Cork, stands the
imposing residence of Captain E. Croker. The
mansion, which is approached by a short drive from
the main road, is beautifully situated on the
banks of the river Carnage, famous for its salmon ;
but as our visit was chiefly to see the specimen
plants that have for so many years held the post of
iionour against all comers at the Limerick shows, we
proceeded by a winding path to the garden, or rather
gardens, for there are three of them. The first on
■entering is the flower garden, which is chiefly com-
posed of Pelargoniums of various kinds, some
splendid beds of Begonias, Asters, Iresines, and, what
greatly pleased us, two beds of Clematis Jackmanni,
perfectly trained about 2 feet from the ground. At
the north end of this garden is a range of houses,
consisting of a conservatory, stove, and vinery. In
the conservator)' was a well-grown collection of Tree
Ferns, Oranges, Fuchsias, Tuberoses, Carnations,
-Celosias, Begonias, and Vallotas, while the entire
structure is draped with Bignonia Chirire, Tecoma
Eose de Flora, Tacsonia Volxeraii, and Roses. The
vinery, with the e-^ception of one Vine of Buck-
land Sweetwater, is planted with Black Ham-
burgh, all of which are carrj'ing a heavy crop of
medium-sized bunches. The back wall is covered
•with a large plant of Bignonia grandiflora flowering
profusely, the border being outside. The centre of
the house contains a miscellaneous collection of
plants ; on a stage along the front of the house are
some nice plants of Odontoglossura Alexandras,
Cypripediums, and Lycaste Skinneri ; one piece of
the latter imported three years ago has each year
produced two flowers on each spike, one spike of
which is now carrying two large seed-pods almost
attained maturity. We ne.\t entered the stove,
where we discover the objects of our search. The
first to attract attention are some grand plants of
Eucharis amazonica, many of them 4 feet through,
■with foliage of a substance that it has seldom been
my pleasure to behold. Some grand examples of AUa-
mandas, liondeletia speciosa, BougainviUea glabra,
Anthuriums, Asparagus plumosus, and a varied col-
lection of small stuff for decorative purposes ; at the
further end are the specimen Ferns, consisting of
Davallia Mooreana, measuring 12 feet through ; two
.plants each of Adiantum gracillimum and A. Far-
leyense, of 4 feet in diameter; A. tinctum, 5 feet;
A. concinnnm latum, 8 feet ; and ajfine example of
Gymnogramma chrysophylla. Amongst the Ferns
are arranged some good plants of Cattleya crispa,
one spike of which we noticed that had a double
flower, while the others were all single ; a second
spike was also commencing to open in the same
sheath — is this a usual occurrence ? One plant of
Oncidium flexuosum had twenty-four spikes. The
front stage was devoted entirely to Orchids, em-
bracing good specimens of Vanda teres, Aerides
affine, Dendrobium nobile, and a host of others too
numerous to mention, all looking the pink of health
and cleanliness. Suspended from the roof are some
good plants of Stanhopea, one having eleven spikes,
with sixty-five flowers on them.

Passing from the stove into the second garden we
enter a Peach-house S^ feet long, the trees bearing an
enormously heavy crop, comprising such varieties
as Barrington, Royal George, and other old kinds.
Leaving here we pass into the third garden where
the early vineries, pits, and frames are situated.
One vinery is planted with Black Hamburghs ; the
Vines are thirty years of age, and until three years
ago were in what is now the stove. It was deemed
advisable to take them from that house, so by way
of an experiment Mr. Wilmot prepared a border and
planted them in the house they now occupy. They
are pruned on the long spur system, and are carrying
— as we were informed they have done each year
since their removal — a good crop of fruit. The
other vinery is planted with Buckland Sweetwater.
The pits are filled with Cucumbers, Tomatos, and
Melons. In passing, I may say that 1 have never
before obsei-ved so heavy a crop of Melons. Nine
plants were carrying fifteen fruits each, many of

which would weigh 3 lb, each — the variety was Hero
of Lockinge. The frames were well filled with Roses,
Primulas, and other useful plants for winter flower-
ing. A collection of 130 of the leading varieties of
Chrysanthemums are grown.

The kitchen garden crops were — considering the
dry weather we have liad — looking very well. Mr.
Wilmot informed me that Strawberries of all kinds
have been a failure this year. Raspberries and
Currants of all kinds have been very good.
Pears, Ap])les, and Plums are very abundant. I
must not omit mentioning that the grounds contain
some splendid specimen Beech trees. The owner
takes a deep interest in the gardens, over which
his gardener, Mr. Wilmot, has presided for so many
years with marked ability. Richard Welkr, The
Gardois, Glen^tal Castle.

ARCHIBALD FOWLER.

It is with great concern tliat we have to announce
the death of this well-known gardener. Fowler of
Castle Kennedy was, indeed, a name held in general

repute among gardeners all over the kingdom. It
appears that Mr. Fowler died suddenly on Sunday
night last about II o'clock. He had been in his
usual health up to the moment of his death — had,
indeed, attended two services at the church at
Stranraer during the day, and walked through the
grounds with his employer, the Earl of Stair, the
same evening. A long and very interesting auto-
biographical notice was contributed by him to our
columns on November 7, 1S74, from which we may
now make some abstract. Beginning his career at
the Glasgow Botanic Garden he had the advan-
tage of attending the lectures of Dr. (after-
wards Sir William) Hooker, The Glasgow garden
then was in the height of its usefulness as a
botanic garden, the zeal of Hooker causing an
afflux of new plants from the New World and else-
where, the study and culture of which stimulated the
interest of Fowler. The night-school in the gardens,
and what was done therein, supply hints which might
be very serviceable in many a place nowadays. From
Glasgow he proceeded, after a short interval, to the
garden of Lord Cloncurry at Lyons, Co. Kildare, where
his account of the bothy may read as an illustration of
what should not be at any time. In 1840, Fowler

entered the service of the Earl ©"f Stair at Castle Ken-
nedy, and there he has contiiroe^ since. His first
ertbrts were directed towards the reorganisation and
remodelling of the gardens, which bad been much ne-
glected. His account of his mode of dealing with old
Vines, which developed a constant tend'ency to shank,
may be read by all Vine growers witW i-nterest. It
must suffice here to say that Mr. Fowler advocated
the formation of a moderately drained, deep border,
with openings outside communicating with the sur-
face inside, and so placed as to cause a slow current
to pass through the drainimg material where it parts
with some of its heat and thus raises the temperature
of the border a few degrees during the grooving
season.

Extensive alterations at Castle Kennedy were
carried out by Fowler under the directions of two
successive Earls of Stair — alterations so well carried
o.ut that Fowler's services were sought by other
planters, as for instance, by the Earl of Stratlimore,
at Glamis Castle. In both the places named a
pinetum was formed, and Fowler speedily became an
authority on the plantation and management of these
trees. In spite of the prejudice against grafted
Conifers, Fowler adopted the practice with great
success — indeed, the number of plants he required
was so gi'eat that it would not iiave been possible for
him to have obtained them otherwise. Fowler also
advocated the use of home-grown Conifer seed, pro-
vided it was good and well ripened, maintaining that
the seedlings were as healthy as those derived from
foreign seed. In 1872, Mr. Fowler, at our request,
contributed a series of articles on cultivated Conifers
to our columns, which embodied the results of his
extensive experience with these trees, and which
remain the best cultural articles on the subject within
our knowledge. It will be seen that Fowler was an
excellent specimen of the "all-round gardener," and
as such his memory will be cherished by all who had
the pleasure of knowing him.

AGAVE GLAUCESCENS.

The illustration at p. 223, for which we are
indebted to Professor Henriquez. of Coimbra, shows
a view in the Coimbra Botanic Garden with a group
of Musa Ensete, Cocos Romanzoviana, and Agave
glaucescens. The latter plant was planted in the
open ground some ten years since, and began to
flower in October, 1886, the flowering not ending
until January, 18.S7, when the last flowers were killed
by the frost. The length of the inflorescence was 2
metres 10 cm. (6 feet 8 inches) in height, the stem
supporting it being 1'20 (3 feet 10 in.). Two flowers
are shown of their natural size at fig. b'i, and thy
elegantly netted pollen-grain as seen highly magnified.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

CATTLEYA MOSSI^ AUEEA GRANDI-
FLORA.

This " resembles the typical plant in habit of
growth, but its flowers are larger, more highly
coloured, and altogether superior ; they are of good
form and substance, and measure 8 inches across,
whilst frequently four of these magnificent blooms
are borne on one spike. The sepals and petals are
blush, lip large marked with a bar, and a few broken
lines of violet-rose, very much stained with orange
at the base, both in the throat and on the upper
margin, lower part bordered with rose colour. It
should be potted in good fibrous peat, from which all
the fine particles have been shaken, to which add
some living sphagnum moss and some nodules of
charcoal, to keep it open and porous. The pots
must be drained well, for drainage is one of the most
essential points in the management of Orchids, and
with Cattleyas in particular ; for although they like
abundance of water when growing, it must pass
rapidly away, or they quickly decline in health.'
Orchid Album, t. 289.

220

THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE.

[AcGcsT 20, 1887.

Odoktoolossum Andersoniandm splendens
" is a very free-flowering variety ; it produces long
graceful racemes, and the blossoms are set very regu-
larly in a two-ranked manner on the spike. The
sepals and petals are white, tinged with rose, and
blotched witli chestnut-brown; throat yellow, lined
with crimson, and spotted with dark brown on each
side. It blossoms during May and June, and con-
tinues in beauty for upwards of six weeks. The
typical form is a natural hybrid between O. Alex-
andras (crispum) and O. gloriosum, no doubt brought
about by insect agency, and in all probability botli
parents of this variety were fine forms of their kind.
'The best of these hybrid Odontoglossums have
ihitherto been chiefly found on the mountains of New
'Granada, at an elevation of from 7500 to 8800 feet,
in the Bogota district ; but as very few of the Euro-
pean collectors now gather their own plants, it is
seldom all are seen in flower by them before they are
despatched to this country, so that amateurs and
nurserymen frequently have splendid new forms
flower amongst imported plants, many of which have
realised upwards of a hundred guineas. The plant
here figured was imported promiscuously some years
.•ago amongst a large batch of O. Alexandra; (cris-
pum), which were not only very fine varieties them-
selves, but amongst them were several novel and
.handsome hybrid kinds.

" This Odontoglossum thrives under the same
■treatment that 0. Alexandra; (crispum) requires ; it
should be kept as cool as possible during the hot
<lays of summer, as the mean temperature of the hot-
test season in its native habitat is said to be seldom
much over 60°, and during the coldest months about
67°, so that the variation of temperature is very
slight, whilst the moisture is so great that it may be
said never to have a dry season. Notwithstanding

■ this, however, under cultivation, care must be exer-

■ cised in order to prevent stagnant moisture remaining
about the roots, which, instead of nourishing, is sure
to rot them ; therefore, avoid overburdening them
with potting material and provide ample drainage.''
Orchid Album, t. 292.

Vamda CniSTATA.

An old plant, but one rarely seen nowadays. Its
principal characteristics reside in its pale green
perianth-segments, and the yellowish lip is marked
with purple bars and stripes. It requires full
exposure to the light in the East India-house. It is
figured in the Orchid Album, t. 290.

SOPHKONITIS VIOLACEA

" is a pretty and entirely distinct species, and is said
to occur very abundantly on trees in the Organ
Mountains ; but although great quantities of it have
from time to time reached this country, it is a plant
very seldom seen in flower. It is an evergreen, with
small pseudobulbs bearing a single narrow leaf, which
as about 2 inclies in length ; the peduncles are two-
lowered, and arise from beneath a small sheath,
•situated on the summit of the pseudobulb, and the
'flowers are of a clear rich violet colour. It blooms
• during the winter and spring months, and continues
■in full beauty for several weeks. We find this
■species thrives well in a small basket or shiillow pan
•suspended fi-om the roof, as near the light as possible,
but it requires to be shaded from the sun during the
hottest part of the day in summer; in spring and
.autumn, Iiowever, no shading will be necessary.
It may also be grown on a block of Fern
■stem, or on a raft ; but, treated in this
manner, the plants dry up mucli quicker, and
■require more attention in the matter of watering.
They enjoy sprinkling from the syringe during warm
-weather, and if sometimes dipped in the water until
the blocks are well saturated with moisture it will be
found highly beneficial. As previously remarked,
this species requires to be kept fairly moist at the
roots during the growing season, which commences
soon after the flowers have faded. 'When growth is
completed the supply of water should be considerably
reduced, but the plant should not at any time be
allowed to dry oft', neither should it be disturbed

when once it becomes established. For soil use fine
fibrous peat, with a few small nodules of charcoal
intermixed, and always keep fresh sweet material
about the roots, but very little of any kind will be
found necessary. Although this is generally con-
sidered a cool^house plant, we find it thrive best in
an intermediate temperature — that is to say, in a
house somewhat warmer than the Odoutoglossum-
house." Orchid Album, t. 291.

DiSA UUANDIFLORA AND ITS VARIETIES.

Having seen a note on p. 138 of your current
volume from Mr. Owen Thomas, the gardener at
Chatsworth, to the eflTect that some of the spikes of
the above-named beautiful terrestrial Orchid under
his care were bearing the unusually large number
of eleven flowers, I was anxious to know whether
the variety he grew was a good and highly coloured
one or not, as my experience teaches me that the
good variety rarely, if ever, bears more than four to
five flowers on a stem. I accordingly wrote to Mr.
Thomas, and asked him to be so good as to send me
a few blooms in a box to compare with ray own.
which is the highest and brightest coloured variety I
have ever seen. He kindly complied with my request,
and I find my experience completely verified, as the
variety grown at Chatsworth is quite the palest and
poorest I have ever seen, so that I tliink it may, so
far, be safely inferred that if you gain in number of
flowers on a stem you lose in brilliancy of colour of
flower. For several years my variety, which I call
D. grandiflora rosea, never bore more than two
flowers on a stem, so that I called it var. biflora, but
latterly one or two of the stems have borne four or
five blooms, but never more. I shall be very glad
if some of your readers who have seen this beautiful
plant growing and blooming in its home on the Table
Mountain at the Cape will give us the benefit of their
experience as to the number of flowers usually found
on each stem when the colour of the flowers is
bright rose, and when they are of only a pale blush
tint. There is another variety of Disa of more
vigorous habit of growth which I have known to
produce from seven to nine flowers on a stem, and
which came to me from Glasnevin Botanic Garden,
but the colour of the flower is a dull bricky-red, and
I consider it so inferior in beauty to the D. grandi-
flora rosea that I have discontinued its cultivation.
W. E. Gumhleton.

Fruit Register.

GOOSEBEUIUES.
The large and varied collection of Gooseberry
fruits exhibited by Messrs. 'Veitch & Sons at South
Kensington, on the 9th, shows that many varieties
little known and seldom or never met with in private
gardens are still grown in the trade, which, I
presume, find it almost indispensable to keep
stocks even if sale be trifling. That the collection
included nearly all the best kinds in cultivation is
certain, but there were two notable exceptions —
Lancashire Lad, the famous market Gooseberry of
the day, and grown in such vast quantities all
round the metropolis ; and the pretty pale green
Gooseberry shown at the previous meeting, from
Chiswick, which is one of the best dessert kinds.
But it was most interesting to find such excellent
dessert sorts as Champagne, Ironmonger, Red 'V\'ar-
rington. Golden Drop, Green llougii, and some other
medium kinds, all of which are so admirable for
dessert, and well worthy a place in any garden for
that purpose. Without doubt Gooseberries are more
acid than usual this year, and skins are somewhat
tougher, arising from the drought ; but these
kinds named unmistakably showed their ex-
cellence over the large sorts, which have to
recommend them chiefly that they crop heavily,
and soon fill the bushel. For market purposes
the sooner Gooseberries are large whilst green the
better for the grower! but later, when ripe, they must
be red and ofa good colour; hence no one in the market

trade cares to grow green or white kinds, because
those would fail to find a market when -ipe. There
can be no doubt but that far more of green fruit is
gathered and sold, than of ripe fruit. The former
is hard, travels well, is not tempting to those who
handle them, or to birds ; their removal also early
relieves the bushes and assists the formation of wood
for the coming year. When ripe, not only must the
fruit be of good colour, but it needs handling with
greater care ; and should a few heavy showers come
when soft the fruit splits, and is thus spoilt. In every
way the grower finds it most profitable to dispose of
his Gooseberries green, yet he invariably grows only
two kinds, and those both reds — Crown Bob and
Lancashire Lad — the latter chiefly. Only in a very
limited degree is it probable that Champagnes and
Ironmongers would be grown for market purposes ;
they would pay only when specially good prices are
paid, because the gathering would be twice as costly
as is that of large varieties. In private gardens,
however, regard for quality and variety in the dessert
should ensure the growing of at least half a dozen
of the smaller fruited and best flavoured kinds.
Small Gooseberries are still much favoured at table,
and offer a welcome change from Grapes, Melons,
Strawberries, and similar sugary fruits. Two or
three bushes of each kind should be grown in a
row or quarter together where they can be netted,
and thus protected from birds ; whilst a few trees
trained on a west wall will serve admirably to
lengthen the fruit season. A. D.

Peak Madajie Stoff.
A good Pear, whose season is from December to
February. It is of large or medium size, regular pyra-
midal shape, with an olive-green skin speckled with
red, a short stalk set in a slight depression, and a
deeply set eye. The flesh is delicate, melting,
butterj', and brisk in flavour. It is figured in the
June number of the Bulletin d' Arboriculture.

Strawbebky Oxonian.
This was Lately praised in your columns, but is, I
believe, nothing but Myatt's Eleanor under another
name. H,

The Orchid Houses.

East Indian Orchids. — Such of these as were
potted in the spring will now require examining, and
those that are grown in sphagnum and crocks will
require some attention. It is best to defer the
potting of these plants as far as possible to the
spring, but many may require to be top-dressed.
Any of the Atirides which have lost leaves since
flowering will be improved in appearance if set lower
in their pots, and it will help to re-establish them
if moist warmth and shade for two or three weeks be
atforded them. Before the plants generally are re-
arranged the houses ought to be cleaned thoroughly,
using Clearwater for this purpose, as soapy water
injures the paint. It will prepare the Aerides and
Saccolabiums to withstand the winter better if more
sunlight morning and afternoon be allowed to reach
the plant, care being exercised to keep the atmo-
sphere of the house moist.

The long continuance of cold winds in spring pre-
vented the majority of Dendrobes here from making
an early growth, which may account for their not
being so forward now, many of the deciduous section
beginning at the present time to finish up, which is
ascertained by the pseudobulbs tapering off and
finishing with a single leaf at the point. I like to
prevent as much as possible these deciduous tj'pes*
from making a second growth at this season. As the
plants do not all start and finish together it is neces-
sary to select those that are fit for removal, leaving
the backward ones to complete their growths. Many
D. nobile will start new growths about midsummer
from the base of those which are only partially com-
pleted. There is, I think, nothing wrong in this, as
they would, no doubt, make more than one growth in a
season in their native homes. We have a plant of D.
nohile nobilius which has always made about three
growths from one lead in two years, each one finish-
ing up its full length. If the Dendrobium-house is
from .'JO to 40 feet long, plants that have finished
growth can be placed at the end furthest from the

AnonsT 20, 1887.1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

221

boiler where ventilation can be given sufficient for the
whole house, at the same time keeping the other end
moist and close so as to encourage growth. I have
never found these Dendrobium flowered so well, nor
were prevented from starting new growth, by placing
the plants in a vinery that was mucli ventilated, un-
Ifss a little heat was turned on at night; of course it
greatly depends how much ventilation can be put on
the vinery, but when the temperature outside falls to
;^°, the roots of Dendrobiums will receive a check if
the plants have been transferred from an East In-
dian temperature to a cool vinery. If there is no
other choice, I think a late vinery is best, providing
the season is over for closing the house and syringing
the Vines. If a little artificial heat be used in wet
weather to expel the damp, it will suit the Orchids
all the better.

Give water often enough to keep the pseudobulbs
plump, and beware of taking mealy-bug into the
house; a few of these that would be scarcely noticed
on a Dendrobium will increase rapidly if on the
Vines. As the nights get colder the pipes in the
East Indian and intermediate-houses should be made
suflficiently warm to keep the former at about 70°
and the latter at 65^. The damping of floors and
stages in these houses should be done earlier in the
afternoon as the season advances, and moisture must
be withheld in the morning, and not be given until
the temperature has risen above these figures. If
rain comes give plenty of air to coldOdontoglossiims
and Masdevallias. likewise give a little air to all the
divisions when the outside temperature will allow of
it. C. Woolford, Downside, Lcathcrhead.

Forestry.

Generally speaking, the earlier part of the present
month brings but little special work for the forester.

Propagating. — Towards the end of the month cut-
tings of trees and shrubs that are propagated in that
way may be inserted, while layering may likewise be
taken in hand. Propagation by means of cuttings is
effected in several ways, but that usually practised,
and the most simple as well, being to take off strong
and young shoots of the current seasons growth
during the latter end of the present, or beginning of
next month, and insert these in beds of free sandy
loam. The beds or borders intended to be planted
with cuttings should, some time before they are
wanted, be deeply dug over, after which a 3-inch top-
dressing of leaf-mould and sharp sand may be lightly
forked in, and well incorporated with the soil. In
plantingthe cuttings, which may be of from 7 inches to
y inches in length, place them rather closely in the
lines, so closely that the leaves come in contact with
each other — and leave a space of 6 inches between the
lines.

By placing a small quantity of sharp sand in the
trench with the cuttings the process of rooting is
much quickened, and, what is of greater importance
still, a much greater number of roots are emitted
than if this assistance be not afforded. The cuttings
may remain as planted for twelve or eighteen months,
after which time they should be carefully lifted,
sorted in sizes, and lined out in well-prepared and
rich nursery ground. Cuttings of rare plants, or
such as have from previous experience been found to
be difficult to strike in the open border, may be
placed in boxes, and a hand-light put over them.

Coniferous trees, including the Sequoia gigantea,
Thuia gigantea, the Ketinosporas, Thuiopsisborealis,
Oephalotaxus, Cryptomeria, Podocarpus, Torreya,
Libocedrus, and Juniperus, in their various forms,
all strike readily enough from cuttings, which should
consist of last year's growth with a small portion of
the previous year's wood, and should always be taken
from side shoots of the plant when the sap is in full
motion. It is very essential to select the cuttings
from the outer branches on the sunny side of the
tree, as it has been found to be almost impossible to
strike such as have been growing in the interior or
sunless portions of coniferous trees at least.

With many ot the " miffy " Conifers I have been
unusually successful in their propagation from cut-
tings, by inserting such in boxes of prepared sandy
loam and leaf-mould in about equal proportions, and
placing these in a cool and shady frame. Pitzroya
patagonica we have raised in quantity from cuttings
treated in the way just described, while Thuiopsis
dolabrata, Cephalotaxus pedunculata fastigiata, and
many other choice and costly kinds, have been reared
in a most satisfactory way by adopting this system.
Crrafting of coniferous trees may also be engaged

in at present, and tliis is preferable to operations
carried on during the late winter months, as some
prefer, as, by working them during August they get
well established before the winter sets in, and are thus
made more hardy by being placed out-of-doors, or in a
cold frame, for planting out in spring. For coniferous
trees, side grafting is most readily performed, and is
also the surest method of getting up a stock. In
most instances the stocks should be of two years'
growth, and well established in 3-inch pots. After
grafting the pots may be stood closely together in a
heated frame, the sashes of which should be lifted
every morning so as to admit, for an hour or so, a
change of air, which, it should be remembered, is an
absolute necessity.

JS'itrserg Worl\ — This department of forest man-
agement must on no account be neglected, else a by-
no-means enviable position is occupied during the
autumn and spring months. Compost heaps will now
be all the better of a turn over, and rendered of extra
value for manuring purposes by the addition of a
small quantity of quicklime, this serving the double
purpose of acting as a fertiliser and at the same time
destroying the vitality of all seeds that may have been
attached to weeds consigned to the rubbish or com-
post heap. Recently grafted trees should now be
examined, and if found necessary the ties may be
slackened or removed, while at the same time all
shoots and buds growing on the stock may be rubbed
or cut off. Budding of ornamental trees may now
be taken in hand, and this is a simple and inexpen-
sive method ofadding beauty to the more conspicuous
of our forest trees. For the clearing of nursery
ground this has been an unusually favourable
season, so that but little excuse can be offered
by those whose borders and seed beds are either
untidy or unclean. During prolonged dry weather
an occasional watering of the seed beds will be all-
important, and saves from destruction many a weak
and tiny seedling. This is best performed in the
evening just before the workmen leave off for the
night, and when once started should on no account
be left off until wet weather sets in.

JSuperflunus shoots should be removed from young
hard-wood trees, and head branches that are dis-
proportionate to the strength of the stem may be
shortened or removed intact. Kival leading shoots
can at the same time be cut off neatly and cleanly,
in fact, the whole contour of tlie trees may, where
necessary, be improved as thought advisable for their
future welfare as either ornamental trees or timber
producers. The pruning of such trees as the Birch,
Maple, and Sycamore, that are apt to bleed profusely,
may be set about at once, as the descending sap, par-
ticularly towards the end of the month, soon heals
up the wounds, which gradually get cicatrised over,
without any injurious effects. A. J). Webster.

entrap the sun by shutting up early every afternoon,^
and, providing the day be bright and sunshiny, damp
the plants lightly at the same time. See that the
linings are attended to by adding some fresh fer-
menting material to that already there, and put some
mats over the frames at night.

Vines. — Young Vines which were planted and sub-
sequently attended as recommended at p. 77 of the
current volume will now be making rapid growth,
and in order to maintain this to the end of the
season a genial atmospheric temperature of from
60'^ to G5° at night and 5° higher by day with fire-
heat (in the absence of the sun) should be aimed at,
and 85^ to 80"* with sun-heat and a free circulation
of fresh air, running the temperature up to 90° at
closing time (about 3 o'clock), with a liberal distri-
bution of moisture in the house at the same time,
damping the surface of the border and pathways-
more or less heavily again before sunset, when the
front and top ventilators should be opened a little
for the night. The Vines and the house generally
should also be damped over first thing in the morn-
ing ; and with the same object in view — the pro-
moting of a free and healtliy growth in both root
and branch — the Vines should be kept sufficiently
moist at the roots by frequent applications of
diluted liquid manure. These i-emarks. as regards
the giving of liberal supplies of water at the roots,
are also applicable to Vines, Peaches, Pigs, &c., in
every stage of growtli ; and trees from which the crops
have been taken should have the foliage thoroughly
syringed morning and afternoon, and have an abun-
dance of air day and night. H. IV. Ward, Longford
Castle.

Fruits Under Glass.

Melons. — Plants intended for supplying fruit
during November and December should, like plants
intended for fruiting in tlie spring and summer
months, be planted on the mounds before their
roots become cramped in the seedling (3-inch) pots ;
but should the house not be ready for their recep-
tion, shift into pots a size or two larger, so as to
prevent their experiencing a check. When the fruits
commence to swell, thin out so as to leave three to
five on each plant, leaving, of course, the best and
most even-shaped fruit. Damp the plants and house
in which they are growing morning and afternoon
during bright days, and when the temperature is
likely to fall below 70° at night let the fires be
lighted. Ventilate freely on all favourable occasions,
and shut up the house soon after 3 o'clock during
sunshine with a temperature of ^o'^, and run up to
90°, with plenty of atmospheric moisture. Let the
plants, when necessary, have a good soaking of
diluted liquid manure at the roots when swelling off
their fruits, which will greatly assist the development
of the latter.

Fraines. — Plants growing in dung-frames should
have water applied very sparingly to them now
that the daj's arc shorter and atmospheric mois-
ture more plentiful, which must necessarily arise
in frames so heated. Moreover, plants grown under
such circumstances are not likely to suffer from
want of water at the roots, as they can push into
the dung and leaves. As the chance of ripening late
crops of fruit satisfactorily in these frames depends
in a great measure upon the condition of the weather,
every opportunity should be embraced ; therefore

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Gekeeai, DmECTiONS. — Fruits are ripening earlier
than usual, so that varieties of Plums on walls in
warm aspects will now require to be netted in.
Early Orleans is ripening with us ; Victoria, Kirke's
Blue, Cox's Emperor, and Pond's Seedling, although
generally considered culinary fruits are, where
thoroughly ripened, quite admissible into the dessert
owing to their fine appearance ; they are also_ sure
bearers. Where it is desired to preserve Apricots,
some of the earlier gathered fruit can be picked and
placed in the fruit-room till a sufficient quantity can
be got together for the purpose. As all kinds of fruiC
trees become cleared of their fruit they should be
well svringed, to cleanse their foliage of any insect*
that I'uay be present, and thorough root-waterings
should be afforded. Those who prefer a sharp-
flavoured Apple, will find Duchess of Oldenburg
to their taste, and it is also a certain bearer. We
have some very fine fruit of the variety this season.

New Plantatiuns of Strawberries. — These will
require frequent waterings, especially those intended
to carry fruit at a later date, such as Vicomtesse
Hericart de Thury. As late varieties become
cleared of their crops, the nets should be removed
and stored away, and tlie runners and weeds that
may have accum'ulated between the rows cleared off,
and the soil in the alleys stirred with the hoe. We
gathered, on August 10, our last dish of Oxonian,
which have been very fine this season. Eunneis
that have been layered in pots will now be sufficiently
advanced to plant out into their new quarters. K.
Ward, Hewell, Bromsc/rore.

What Not to Do.— At the funeral of A. A.
Talmage, late Vice-President of the Wabash Western
Kailway, the floral tributes, says the Aimrican Florist,
were numerous, and many were very elaborate. A
large piece, 12 feet in length, was a floral represen-
tation of the locomotive used to pull Mr. Talmage's
private car. The boiler and cab were of white Koses
and Carnations: the smoke-stack, handrails, and
pilot of purple immortelles ; while the head-light was
of red Carnations ; the tender was of wliite and-
yellow Roses. The whole rested on a purple track
supported by crimson ties on a road-bed of Ferns.
Another design represented the private car just
entering a tunnel. The car was of white buds, and
contained a vacant chair of crimson immortelles.
The tunnel was of Ferns dotted with Marguerites.
A wheat field sprinkled with Marguerites, bore above
a shield of white and yellow Roses, on which was
an appropriate inscription. One very large piece was,
gates ajar with a railway track running between
them, and inscribed at the base : " The right of way
is his from earth to heaven." The designs above
described were arranged by the Jordan Floral Co.

222

TEE QABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[AcGHST 20, 1887.

SUBSCRIBERS TO
rpSE GARBENERS' CHRONICLE
■*■ who experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded vjith complaint),

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C. __^

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.
mHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

J- Vol. I.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1837.

W. RICHABDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETINGS.

TTIP1T1 IV Ait ■•■! ' ^°^'"^ Hortuiiltural Society : Fniit

TUESD.il, Aio. .,i.j and Floral Committees.

SHOWS.

/ Second National Co-operative
I Flower Show, in connection with
Royal Horticultural Society,

TUESDAY,

WEDNESDAY,

THUESDAY,

TRIDAY.

MONDAY,

WEDNESDAY,

THUKSDAY,

FRIDAY,

SATURDAY,

-Harpenden Horticultural
Ludlow Horticultural.
Wilts Horticultural.
-Sandy (Bedford) Horticultural.

SALES.

I Bulbs from Holland, at Steven^;'
,,,, } Rooms,
■"'j Trade Sale of Bulbs from Holland,

(. at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
,,, ( Bulbs from Holland, at Stevens'
" "( Rooms.

('Imported and Established Orchids,
.,. I at Stevens' Rooms.

i' Bulbs from Holland, at Stevens'
.,- ) Rooms.
• "M Bulbs from Holland, at Protheroe
( & Morris' Rooms.

Report of
the Select Com-
mittee on
Forestry

After three years' consideration
and the examination of almost
every representative man in the
three kingdoms on the subject, the
Keport (see p. 79, .Tuly 16^ of the Select
Committee of the House of Commons ap-
pointed " to consider whether, by the establish-
ment of a Forest School, or otherwise, our
woodlands could be rendered more remu-
nerative," cannot certainly be called has*y.
Nor is this report just issued an ambi-
tious one. Starting from the admitted facts that
we now import timber to the value of some
£16,000,000 annually, that the forest area of the
Empire exceeds that of any other country, that
more than 2J million acres in the British Isles
are under wood, and that enormous tracts of
land in these islands in addition, which now
yield no crops, might certainly produce timber,
the committee have, as might have been
expected, satisfied themselves " that the manage-
ment of our woodlands might be materially
improved ; " that we might well raise a larger
proportion of the timber we require for
home consumption ; and that the establishment
of "some organised system of forest instruc-
tion " is desirable to bring about this result.
So far there seems to have been a practically
unanimous consensus of opinion among the wit-
nesses examined ; but, as might also have been
anticipated, directly it becomes a question, not of
ends but of means, not of general statements of
principle but of concrete recommendations for
action in the matter, this unanimity vanished,
to be replaced by almost as many schemes as
there were witnesses. This has resulted in what
may at first appear as a timid — not to say
a lame and impotent conclusion to the recom-

mendations of the select committee. They sug-
gest the establishment of a Forestry Board to
which the organisation of forestry schools, or, at
any rate, of " a course of instruction in forestry "
is to be entrusted. The obiter dictmn that " it
might be well, in the first instance, to establish
one school only," which "would doubtless be
situated in England," will not be pleasing to our
energetic foresters north of the Tweed. The
detailed references to examinations and examiners
suggest fears as to a putting of the educational
cart before the horse, similar to the unsatisfac-
tory action of the Highland and Agricultural
.Society of Scotland with regard to forestry
for some years past. And lastly, the suggestion
of "the adoption of the lioyal Indian En-
gineering College at Cooper's Hill, as a nucleus
for the proposed forestry instruction," will ex-
cite the direst alarm in the breasts of parents of
Young Hopefuls whose incomes are limited.

These objections may, however, be answered,
and the scheme, though timid, be shown to be as
practical as it certainly is economical. Scots-
men would only have themselves to blame if they
failed speedily to convince the Board of the
feasibility, desirability, nay, necessity, of a dis-
tinct school for Scotland, while the necessity for
such an institution in Ireland is, in our
opinion, even greater. Similarly, those in-
terested in the teaching of forestry throughout
the kingdom, should lose no time in insisting
on the futility of any scheme for examinations
only, and in urging the claims of their
subject to such financial assistance as is ac-
corded, through the Science and Art Depart-
ment, to the School of Mines, the School of
Science, and other teaching agencies. Finally,
the Board would, no doubt.'be soon convinced, not
only that " more than one centre of instruction
would be desirable," but that such instruction
must be inexpensive, being rendered so by the
endowment either of professorial chairs or of
bursaries for students. Practical forestry, sur-
veying, land-work, can only be properly learnt in
the woods, but many branches essential to a good
forester, but of which he is at present generally
speaking wofuUy ignorant, should be taught in
the school, such as vegetable physiology, forest
entomology, and, strange as it may appear, a
knowledge of trees. Few foresters have any
knowledge whatever of any but the commonest
trees, and but little even of their structure and
mode of growth. On the other hand, the labourers,
the woodmen, have often a knowledge of varieties
which the keenest-eyed botanist might envy.
These, then, are matters on which any Board
will necessarily be amenable to rational pres-
sure. Meanwhile in suggesting the estab-
lishment of such a Board as a preliminary
measure, the Parliamentary Committee is adopt-
ing the one main suggestion of all their con-
flicting witnesses ; and no one surely can object
to such an experiment when the cost is stated as
not necessarily exceeding £500 per annum.

Every one interested in forestry should support
this most modest proposal in the hope that if
adopted it may prove the germ of a thoroughly
organised scheme of forest instruction, applicable
alike to this country, and with the requisite
modifications to India and the Colonies also.

The Drought
in the
Garden.

In response to our suggestion as
to the desirability of recording the
effects, good or ill, of the present
exceptional season, Mr. "W'ollry Dod sends us
the following interesting commimication. To be
sure some allowance has to he made for the fact
that the lack of natural supplies has been in some

measure compensated for by artificial watering
but after all artificial watering for plants in the
open is a very poor substitute for the rain that
falls from heaven. For one thing, it is deficient
in penetrating power, and more of it is therefore-
lost by evaporation than in the case of rain.
But Mr. Don shall tell his own tale : —

" A suggestion was made in the Gardeiwrs' Chronicle
two or three weeks ago that it would be interesting
to record plants which have done better than usual
during this dry and hot summer. Perhaps it is
hardly fair to glorify those which grow in gardens
where watering is done regularly, as is the case here.-
Still, the dirt'erence here in many flowers between
this and ordinary seasons has been remarkable, and
there are others which no amount of watering has
saved from premature witliering. Lilies, upon the
whole, have benefited greatly by the continued
warmth ; instead of being checked, as they usually
are here, by a cold and wet July. I have never
before reached the middle of August without seeing
a symptom of spot on anv Lily. L. Humboldti has
been unusually fine in the open air, and has pre-
served its leaves green after the flowers have
withered : I never saw this before. The same has
happened with L. chalcedonicum, which has every-
where had finer flowers and healthier foliage than is
usual here. L. auratum I have for three or four
years given up planting, but the few which survive
show me that if such seasons as this were the rule I
could grow it well. Delphiniums, which like heat
and sunshine, have of course done well ; and the
drought has been good for their colour, which runs-
and gets patchy in wet seasons.

" But for a whole genus the most remarkable
success has been Campanula. From the wild
Harebell to the tender and rare Italian kinds,
and from the tall Campanula pyramidalis to
the dwarf C. Waldsteiniana, there has been
no exception to their good condition. Even
the invalid C. haylodgensis has almost kept out of
sight its sickly-looking yellow leaves by the abun-
dance of its flowers, and has improved its former
character of not being worth its room. C. isophylla
alba has been charming ; it is here grown between
stones, over which a pane of glass is laid in winter,
and its retreat has been paved with flowers ever since
the end of June. C. cenisia. which I have bought
and lost many times, has for the first time done well,
and looks very healthy, though its curious sessile
stellate flowers are produced sparingly.

" Geraniums, too, are flowers for a dry season ;
G. armenum, though artists condemn its colour, is
very eff'ective, making a large mass in a mixed
border ; and all the seeds the greenfinches and bull-
finches spare are shot all round to surprising dis-
tances, and keep up a constant supply of young
plants. There are other plants which have kept a
continuous supply of flowers all through the drought;
none handsomer than Scabiosa caucasica, of which,
however, there are good and worthless forms. It is
a plant which cannot be divided well, so seedlings
must be raised and the flowering tested. Ompha-
lodes Lucilioe has been in flower ever since
April, and seems to get more strength the longer
it goes on flowering. Much as tastes diff'er,
no one ever passes this plant here without stopping
to admire it. The American Composites evidently
like heat: Ilelianthus rigidus is unusually fine; so-
are the Rudbeckias, notably a large bunch of R.
hirta, which is quite dazzling : I raised this from
seed brought four years ago from Minnesota, and I
am afraid the plants are flowering to death. Of
course in a season like this there are failure, amongst
these are Himalayan Primroses ; P. sikkimensis was
withered up as soon as open, and 1*. capitata cannot
grow. Meconopsis Wallichi fails to open its flowers
in the heat. Spiraeas, too, have been poor, and it is
miserable to see the tall Phloxes where not con-
stantly watered.

" Two plants are out now which are deserving of
special praise ; they are always good, but t'lis year
they are excellent. The first is Veronica parviflora

AvavsT 20, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

223

(Bot. Mag., t. 5965), the same plant which was ex-
hibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural
Floral Committee last November, when ■ t was still
in flower. It can just be called hardy here — one bnsh,
now 6 feet high, having survived five winters, though

some will continue to flower till hard frost kills the
buds.

"The last plant to be mentioned is one which
might easily be cultivated in every garden, though it
is seldom seen — Gypsophila paniculata. In some

required, are potted at the end of summer and kept
in pots through winter. In spring they arc planted
in a deep dry light soil, generally on a raised bed ;
each plant should have a square yard to itself the
first vear of flowering, and twice as much the-

Fig. 55. — agave glaucescexs flowering, (see p. 219.)

occasionally somewhat cut. It is the most floriferous
of the New Zeal."ind Veronicas, and continues
the longest time in flower. Seedlings come up round
it, which flower the first year, and it grows from cut-
tings very readily. The flowers are very pretty for
decoration. A dozen or more bushes of it are
all quite covered with flowers here at present, and

gardens where the soil is light, and the weeding
judiciously conducted, plants are constantly supplied
by self-grown seedlings ; here it requires cultivation,
and as it is a short-lived plant, which fact ac-
counts for its being so scarce. I will say a
few words about its management. Seed is sown in a
pan in early spring, and seedlings, as many as are

second, after which it generally dies. A two-year-
old plant makes a globe of flower 4 feet in diameter..
Its uses in decoration are great ; arranged like light
muslin drapery to tone down the glare of gaudy
Carnations, it is very pretty ; a plant of it does not
give as much trouble to raise as a Cockscomb or a
Balsam, and is worth a houseful of either."

224

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AcGDST 20, 1887.

The Potato Crop. —The reports which we are
enabled to lay before our readers as to the condition
and prospects of the Potato crop throughout the
country are such as might have been anticipated
from tlie season. The early crops have been light,
and the late ones, though generally looking well,
show a tendency towjrds supertuberation which will
of course increase should rain set in. Flowering has
been profuse, and so far as we have observed, quite
indicative of the view that but one species has fur-
nished the cultivated variety. Disease is con-
spicuous by its absence — a fact which we may con-
gratulate ourselves upon — while those members of the
Scientific Committee wlio took so much pains and
labour to investigate the matter during two seasons
will be glad that they did not add a third season of
note-taking and report-making to the other two.
Scotland and Lincolnshire both promise well, but
the Scilly Islands, Guernsey, and Jersey, have suf-
fered from the phenomenal drought. We commend
to our readers these notes on this important crop,
and especially those from the pen of jlr. William
Miller (Warwickshire), and from our correspondents
in the Channel Islands. We need not be distressed
at the small size of the tubers if the percentage pro-
portion of starch in them be high. Big tubers, it
must be remembered, often mean much water. We
hope some of our experimentalists are at work on
this question. If heat and sunlight be favourable to
starch-formation, as they undoubtedly are, the per-
centage of starch should be high, provided, on the
other hand, the deficiency of water has not proved
prejudicial. Again, looking to the generally fine,
well-developed haulm, starch-formation should have
gone on freely. Some of the starch will be used up
in flower-formation, and still more in the ripening
of the seed-berry.

The Weather. — The highest temperature
observed this summer at Ghent, according to the
Bulletin d'Arhoricidhirc, was 95° F., on June 15 ; and
about the same height has been reached on several
occasions. As an antithesis to this excessive heat
by day, has been the occasional low temperature by
night. Several times in July the thermometer went
doivn below freezing-point. As in this country, the
extremes of temperature have been corelated with
extreme drought — we have, in fact, had a prairie
summer. Only a few nights ago frost was recorded
in several localities in this countr)-, sufficient, as we
learn from our correspondents, to blacken the tops
of the Potatos, and this while in the day the sun has
been almost hot enough to roast them ! As we write
a change has come— cooler temperature, a thunder-
storm, and a deluge of rain.

A Tribute of Gratitude.— Mr. Pennv, Gar-
dener ;to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales,
and to whom the inception of the Gardeners' Orphan
Fund is mainly due, requests ns to publish the
following letter : —

" To THE GaKDENEHS OF ENGLAND.

" Owing to the pressure of business at the time
of the Gardeners' Benevolent Anniversary, I was
unable to attend it, but having read the speeches on
that occasion, and the success attending the meet-
ing, I am bound in gratitude to sav a few words to
you, my fellow-workers, on this subject. This vear
the death of our worthy friend and brother,
' Stevens, of Trentham,' as' he was called amongst
the fraternity, suggested to me what a boon "an
Orphanage would be in the event of such a dis-
tressing thing happening to one of us, who, perhaps,
had had no chance of providing for a family, espe-
cially as we all know how little chance gardeners
have of saving money, I am glad to sav it has begun
well, land I feel sure it will prosper. ' But what I
want most 'to notice is the speech of the Chairman
at the Gardeners' Benevolent dinner, and the way he
spoke of gardeners. After such remarks, I say we
gardeners are blessed with many friends, and that
our serrices are well appreciated. There is one other
speech I must refer to, that of the President of the
Orphan Fund— why, these two gentlemen have testi-
fied more to the worth of gardeners as a body than
any one I have heard speak on the same subject. We
are apt sometimes to feel discontented, but we must

discard these ideas of murmuring, especially as the
depression is so great that it must affect us one and
all in one way or another. Charles Penny."

Royal Horticultural Society.— On Tues-
day next, the 23rd inst. the Fruit and Floral Com-
mittees will meet at 11 a.m. in the conservatory.
The National Co-operative Flower Show, to be held
on that day under the auspices of this Society, will
be open to the public at 1 p.m. at the reduced charge
of 6d. There will be a Conference at 3 p.m.
in the Upper West Quadrant, when the subject for
discussion will be " Possibilities of Co-operative
Allotments and Associated Gardens " : by Edwaed
Owen Greening.

Tobacco Crop.— We understand that any one
wishing to see the Tobacco crop at Messrs. Carters'
ground, near Bromley, Kent, can obtain an order to
view by applving to the firm at 237 and 23S, High
Holborn, W.C.

Le Cercle Horticole Van Houtte of
LedebERG.— Mr. A. DHaene, President of the
Cercle, informs us that the first exhibition of plants
and flowers is arranged to take place on August 28,
in the saloon of the Town Hall at that place.

Knole House, SevenOAKS, the country seat
of Lord Sackville, and one of the finest Elizabethan
or Jacobean mansions in the kingdom, narrowly
escaped total destruction by fire on Tuesday last.

Mr. Charles Whitehead, of Barming House,

Maidstone, has been appointed Agricultural Adviser
to the Lords of the Committee of Council on Agri-
culture.

Dr. Albert Kellogg.— We leam from a Ger-
man source that this gentleman, well known in con-
nection with Californian botany, died at Alameda on
March 31 last.

Tender for Bulbs.''— We understand that
the Metropolitan Board of Works have accepted the
tender of Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, for supplying Hyacinths,
Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus, &c., for the Victoria Em-
bankment, Leicester Square, Finsbury Park, and
Southwark Park, and other open spaces under the
care of the Board. We learn also that Her Majesty's
Commissioners for Public Works have accepted the
tender of Messrs. .Tames Carter & Son, of High
Holborn, London, for tlie supply of bulbs for planting
in Hyde Park, Kegent's Park, Battersea Park, Vic-
toria Park, Kensington Park, Kennington Park, and
in the grounds of Hampton Court Palace and the
Bethnal Green Museum.

Royal Purveyors.— Messrs. William Fell &
Co.. Hexham, liave received the Royal warrant
appointing them seedsmen and nurserymen to
H.K.H. the Prince of Wales.

Why ?— Whether a satisfactory reply be obtain-
able or not, it is always well to keep this question
before us when dealing with facts. Jlr. Bdrbidoe
sends us from Dublin specimens of the banded
Rush, in which broad belts of green alternate regu-
larly with narrow belts of yellow. In the former the
green colouring matter is present in large quantities
— in the latter it is not. Why this regular alter-
nation of coloured and colourless rings ? Can any
one suggest a reasonable explanation ?

The Pharmaceutical Society.— Mr. .L R.

Green has been appointed Professor of Botany to
the Society, in the room of Professor Bentlkv,
resigned.

Clove Carnation Mrs. Reynolds Hole.—

From Messrs. James Dickson & Sons. Newton
Nurseries, Chester, we have received samples of this
new Carnation certificated recently at Manchester
(on the 22nd ult.), and more recently at South Ken-
sington and at Liverpool, as Gravetye Gem. We

pointed out the synonymy at p. 140, and we now
learn that Messrs. Dickson intend to retain the-
original name of the flower, viz., Mrs. Reynolds-
Hole. It is of an effective colour (pale terra-cotta),
very free, with solid petal, and good pod, and is likely
to meet with much approval.

Flowers in Season.— For flowers of Phae-
dranassa chloracea ive are indebted to Mr. Burbidge.
They are borne in clusters, pendulous from the top
of a spike, as in Clivia, and are of a rich crimson
colour tipped with green. As a contrast to the
yellow Urceolina pendula this is very effective.

A Concert Beneath a Rose Bush.— The

Dutch horticultural journal Sempervirens relates that
a concert was lately given in the garden of Madame
Revnen, at Roosteren, in Lemburg, the peiformers,
thirty in number, being placed beneath the shelter
of a weeping Rose, the head of which measures
20 metres in circumference It is calculated that
there were at least 10,000 Roses open on the tree
on that evening (July 3).

Tuberous Begonia.— An enormous bloom,
single, bright crimson, was on Thursday last sent by
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, for our in-
spection. For size it exceeds anything of the kind
we have yet seen, being bh inches in diameter.

EdMOND BOISSIER.— a bust of this eminent
botanist has, says the Eeimr Hortieole, been erected
in the Botanic Garden at Geneva.

Water for Nothing.— One of the "awaken-
ings " we remember to have felt when coming as a
raw lad from the country to London was caused by
the discovery that water had to be paid for. Up to-
that time we had foolishly imagined that fresh air,
sunlight, and water were God's free gifts to all man-
kind in town or country alike, or at any rate that
they were to be had at the expense of a little pleasant
labour. To lower a bucket into a well and draw it
up full of the clear sparkling liquid was a delight,
while a turn at the pump-handle was in those days
looked on as pleasant exercise. It is long since such
visions were washed away by the water-rate collector,
while the experience of the present summer enables
one to realise to some extent what it is to be without
water. A serious drought is in this country so un-
usual th.1t it is hardly surprising that we make little
or no efforts (beyond the range of water companies)
to lay np for a dry day. Nevertheless, this year's
experience shows the importance of this matter of
precaution, while at no time or place is pure rain-
water for house consumption too plentiful. On this
account we welcome the re-appearance of Mr.
Shirley Hibberd's pamphlet on Water for Nothing.
Mr. Hibberd's proposal is simply to collect, purify,
and store the blessed rain from heaven, and in the
pamphlet before us he shows us how it may be done.
The expression " inches of rain " does not convey to
the unscientific reader the fact that an inch of rain
per acre means 101 tons of water, and even that
makes less impression than tlie statement that 1 inch-
depth of rain falling on the surface of an acre means
a quantity equal to considerably more than 20,000'
gallons. A rainfall of a tenth of an inch would at
that rate yield 2000 gallons. On Wednesday evening,
we may here say, the neiglibourhood of the metro-
polis was visited with a severe thunderstorm and)
copious rain. Nearly 2 inches of rain fell within an
hour, and, from our system of taking our chance,
was perforce allowed to run away, or, even worse —
to burst our sewers, and convert the Underground
Railway into a cloaca vmxima ; and we call ourselves
a practical people ! Mr. Hibberd's paper may be
had for a few pence from E. W. Allek, 4, Ave
Maria Lane, London.

Dry Weather Foliage of the Compass

Plant.— Tliis immediate section [Iowa. U.S.] has
been subjected to a prolonged and severe drought.
There has been not far from 1 inch of rainfall since
the last snowstorm of early March. In addition to

AnoCTST 20, 1887.]

TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

225

this we had a very dry summer and autumn last
year, so that the rainfall has been unusually light for
a whole year. Nearly all the wells that never fail in
ordinary seasons are now dry, and the college
campus exhibits the strange appearance of a brown
and apparently lifeless turf studded with dwarf red
■Clover plants, which are in feeble bloom. The leaves
npon trees and shrubs are fewer than usual and much
reduced in size. There are a few kinds of plants
that seem to florish under the peculiar arid conditions
which now obtain, but even these are somewhat
■changed in their general appearance. The foliage
of the Compass plant (Silphium laciniatum, L.) is
particularly noticeable at this time. The leaves of
this Composite have a strikingly refreshingly glossy
green, which is in sharp contrast with the surrounding
dwaifed and dried herbage. But when the foliage
is compared with that of its owu species in former
years, a great change is seen. There may not be
very much difterence in the relative size of the leaves
•of this year with those of last season, but they are
more numerous, and each leaf exposes far less sur-
face to the hot, drying sun. In short, the average
leaf of this Silphium is reduced to the midrib, with
a thin web of green tissue ujion each side, and its
many lateral veins and their sub-veins bearing nar-
row ribbons of pulpy tissue. In other words, tlie
foliage, true to the specific name, is very thoroughly
slashed or laciniated. A protracted search was re-
warded by finding only two leaves which exhibited
the broad and comparatively simple blade so fre-
quently met with in ordinary seasons. There are
some plants which grow in a grass field near a walk
frequently passed over by the writer, and these liave
been watched for the last two years. These same
plants have now produced twice pinnately parted
leaves, which last year, and in 1S85, produced several
radical leaves, with broad surfaces interspersed with
the *' holes," or vacant places in the lamina; so fam-
iliar to every botanist in the West. Tliere is also a
difference in the position which these much laciniated
leaves assume. They are numerous, without the
rigidity of normal leaves, and assume a curved or
drooping attitude. More than this, they curve out-
ward and downward about equally from all sides of
the centre of the plant. In other words, in the pre-
sent condition of the plant there is very little indi-
■cation of polarity, and the weary traveller over the
-dry and scorching prairie would now find a better
guidance by noting the position of the unclouded
sun than to try to gain his "reckoning"' by relying
upon the Compass plant. Byron D, Hahted, Botanical
Laboratory, Anies, la., in "Botanical Gazette.'^

Sir Julian van HaaST.— A Reuters telegram
from Wellington states that Sir Jdlian van Haast,
Director of the Canterbury Museum, who lately
■visited England as Commisssioner in charge of the
New Zealand exhibits at the Colonial and Indian
Exhibition, has died suddenly of heart disease.

Agricultural Produce.— The London Gazette

gives the following account showing the quantities of
certain kinds of agricultural produce imported into
the United Ivingdom in the week ended August 13,
1887, together with the quantities imported in the
corresponding week of the previous year : —

Quantities.

1886.

1887.

Vegetables :—

ODions, raw

Bushels.

91,843

73,913

Potatos

Cwt.

48,287

20,113

Unemunerated

Value £

15,215

19,231

Corn, Grain, Meal and Flour :—

Wheat

Cwt.

931,961

1,287,887

Barley

77,879

233,348

Oats

218,959

296,851

Pea3

63,637

70,920

Beans

66.989

46,508

Maize

830,307

7-39,776

Wheat, Meal, and Flour ...

104,870

300,223

MR. WILSON'S WISLEY
GARDEN.
Those who saw the beginning of Mr. G. F. Wil-
son's garden at Wisley some five or si.x years ago,
were perhaps doubtful, as I was at the time, if he
would ever succeed in transforming such a wild and
uncultivated tract of ground into a garden. There
was just a bare hillside, the soil of which was too
poor to carry a decent farm crop, and a plantation of
Oaks mostly half grown, and with a tangled under-
growth that made the place look more neglected than
it really was. What can be accomplished with such
a place -with well directed labour and patience is
shown by the results here, for the garden— for garden
it certainly is— may be said to be one of the most m-
teresting to the lover of hardy plants anywhere in
the country, ilr. Wilson has taken advantage of
even what seemed to be the defects of the place.
The dry hillside he has clothed with plants of all
descriptions that are suitable for such a spot, the
wood he has thinned so as to let in more light; he
has thoroughly drained it, for it is at the foot of the
hill, and collects all the water from the surrounding
high land. This draining has been done in a simple
yet efficient way by cutting deep open ditches in all
directions— the soil out'ofthe drains being put on the
sides to form banks, and these are clothed with the
seedling growth of Ferns, Rhododendrons and a host
of other plants that have become naturalised
in the wood. The water collected in the drains
is conducted to an open pool, which for
growing aquatics and bog plants is invaluable.
When I saw the garden a short time ago the whole
hillside was lit up with the colours of numberless
kinds of plants, not represented merely by one or two
plants but great masses, and all for the most part
growing in great luxuriance. From the hillside one
turned to the wood, which was more sober in colour
effect, yet alive with interest and beauty, for one saw
masses of the American Lilies, such as L. pardalinum,
L. superbum, L. Humholdti, L. canadense, and L.
parvum, with their tall wand-like stems, carrying
elegant clusters of turban-shaped flowers waving in
the wind. The whole place is one great wild garden —
wood garden or natural garden, whichever term one
thinks proper to use ; Mr. Wilson prefers to call it
his experimental garden, for ever since he began it
he lias been experimenting with open-air plants of
all kinds, planting them under various conditions, in
order to prove under what conditions certain plants
thrive best. lie has not aimed at effect, yet this has
come naturally, or rather accidentally, for nothing in
the way of hardy flower gardening can be more im-
pressively effective than large gatherings of onekind
of plants, such as are seen here. For instance, the
Lilies of all kinds, and especially L. auratum, can be
counted by the thousand ; and scarcely less numerous
are the plantations of Iris Kajmpferi, which make
the man'ins of the open pool bright with the
various shades of purple and violet and pure white.
The Iris Kcempferi.at the time of my visit, was the
most remarkable feature of the place, and never
before had I seen it growing in such luxuriance or
flowering so abundantly. The plants all ranged
from 2 to 3 feet high, and formed quite a broad fringe
to the pool, and so near the water were they that at
times they must be partially submerged. During
this dry spell the Irises have kept fresh and green
in this spot, but where they are planted in higher
and drier places they have turned yellowish, and
otherwise sliow that the dry weather does not suit
them. Mr. Wilson raised all his Irises from seed,
and that accounts for the multitude of varieties he
has. His collection seems to comprise every colour
that has been exhibited, besides some exquisitely
pencilled sorts which I had not hitherto seen ; some
of the flowers were enormous, measuring from 6 to
8 inches across, and with such broad, overlapping
sepals as to make a perfectly symmetrical bloom.
Besides the flowering Irises there are hundreds, and
perhaps thousands, of tiny seedlings one year and
two years old, which form a growth like sedges
around the pond. Then, in the seed-beds on the

hillside one sees tiny plants of Irises just germi-
nated, and these in turn will be plai.tod around the
pond. I gathered from this great success in gro>,
ing Iris Kaimpferi that it must have a damp spot
where its roots may be constantly moist ; an open
airy situation, yet sheltered from strong winds.

Lilies, as one m.iy suppose, predominate every-
where, and perhaps Mr. Wilson could not have
chosen a better spot than this for the culture of his
favourite family, whose wants are so varied. He can
grow any Lily here, for he has shade and exposure,
a heavy soil and a light, and a damp and a dry.
The American Lilies, that delight in partial shade,
and require a moist root-run, are confined mostly to
the wood, and very charming they look, rising in
great masses above the undergrowth of Rhododen-
drons, Kalmias, Skimmias, Andromedas, and a mul-
titude of similar evergreen shrubs. The stems of
L. superbum are as much as 9 feet high, and L. par-
dalinum, and its varieties, californicum and Richardi.
are about as tall. They love the flickering shade of
this Oak wood, and the moist and rich vegetable
mould, which is several feet in depth, the accumu-
lation of centuries. L. Ilumboldti I never saw finer
than in the wood, which is evidently the proper place
for it, for instead of its stem-leaves being withered
at flowering time, as it generally is when grown in
the open, they were quite fresh and green. The
lovely old white Lily, L. candidum, is well known to
be somewhat capricious ; and even in this garden of
Lilies, where everything possible is done for their
requirements, it has given some trouble, though in
an open spot in the wood Mr. Wilson had a very
vigourous group in fiower, with stems furnished with
green foliage from top to bottom. Among the rarer
Lilies in bloom was the beautiful L. philadelphicum,
a common Lily in the Eastern United States, but
seldom seen in gardens. L. polyphyllum, of the
Himalayas, also uncommon, was finely in bloom,
and the conditions under which it was grow-
ing are worth noting. It was on a dry mound,
tliat had become baked so hard by sun and
drought that it was a diflicult matter for
the dagger-like " Wilson Digger " to penetrate it.
Upon this mound was a plant carrying two stems
each nearly 6 feet high and botli with thirteen fine
flowers. This is Mr. Wilson's best success in grow-
ing this rare Lily, which is also one i the most
beautiful and distinct. It lias large turb.in shaped
flowers, greenish-white and copiously spotte, in
freckled with purple. Such Lilies as L. auratum.
L, tigrinum and speciosum are, of course, seen in
large masses, and therefore have a telling eflect
when in bloom. Some of the plantations of L.
auratum are wonderful, the stems being 1 inch thick
and from 8 to 10 feet high. The finest are those
grown in spots sheltered from wind and partially
shaded, but here one may see the Golden Lily grow-
ing well under all conditions, in shade and out of
shade, on high ground and on low. so that it is a
diflicult matter to say which spot is most suitable.
The exquisitely beautiful L. Krameri, with flowers
almost as large and quite as open as L. auratum, I
never saw finer than in the partial shade of the wood.
The delicate pink flowers are so different from all
others that even in this paradise of Lilies they attract
special notice. The soil these fine specimens of
Krameri were growing in is a deep vegetable mould
mixed with loam, which seems to be just what this
Lily likes. The nankeen coloured L. testaceum is
a favourite at Wisley, and one sees great masses of it
on the open hillside here, standing out boldly by
itself, then intermixed with some graceful-leaved
plant or shrub, but in whatever position it is, has a
beautiful effect. In a sheltered corner between the
Furze hedges that intersect the hillside there were
some wonderfully fine plants of the black and white
Martagon Lilies. The first, usually called dalma-
ticum, is, I think, one of the best of all Lilies when
grown as here, for it has tall slender stems, termi-
nated by quite pyramidal turban blooms, almost
black, and shining as if varnislivtl. All the Martagons
seem to prefer a stiff soil, and are partial to a little
shelter from winds.

One might go on talking about the Wisley Lilies

226

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AcocsT 20, 1887.

alone ami leave no space for notes upon the many
otiier havdy rJonts r.i.i.i> were so exceptionally fine,
^.^agu the Irises and Lilies at the time of my visit
were the great features of the place. One of the
most noteworthy among others was Meconopsis
Wallichii, which could not well be finer, the plants
being nearly 6 feet high, and very profusely flowered.
The majority of the specimens were of the variety
named fusco-purpurea, on account of the flowers
being of a reddish-purple instead of porcelain-blue,
the colour of the typical form. The finest Meco-
nopsis I saw at Wisley were growing in partially
shaded and quite sheltered spots, and being on tlie
sloping hillside the soil is thoroughly drained ;
hence the plants pass througli the winter unscathed.
There is a vigorous crop of this year's seedlings,
which will malce fine flowering specimens next
season.

Passing by the great masses of the commoner
kinds of hardy flowers which adorned the hillside
jind wood, such as Delpliiniums, Campanulas,
Pelargoniums, Eryngiums. Pliloxes and others, men-
tion should be made of an out-of-the-common
plant, which is Dianthus Atkinsoni, a perennial
Pink, with flowers of an intense crimson — richer
in colour, in fact, than any other I know, and
ought to be widely known. It may, I think, be
bought at some of the hardy plant nurseries. Some
of the slirubs were remarkable for their large size
■on the hillside, and particularly Kubus odoratus, a
large-flowered pink Bramble from North America.
One bush of it was quite 10 feet through, and about 8
feet high. But among the shrubs none were finer than
the Clematises and cluster Koses, which festooned
all the hedges about the place, and these are many,
seeing that for the shelter dense hedges of dead
furze are run up and down and across, so as to
form small squares in which to raise seedlings of all
kinds of hardy plants. These are some of the main
points of this "Wisley 'garden, which year by year
will grow in interest and beauty at the hands of
such an enthusiast as its owner. VUitur.

THE GLASSHOUSES AT GREAT
GEAPJES.
The ground-plan shown at fig. 56, is that of a
congeries of garden structures erected a few years
ago by F. Whitbourne, Esq., at his residence, Great
Gearies, near Ilford. The well-known gardener at the
place, Mr. James Douglas, furnishes us the following
details, and we need scarcely to remind our readers
that the varied contents of the different houses afford
on every hand evidence of the skill brought to bear
on them. With regard to the Grapes gro^vn at
Great Gearies, it would be impossible to find gene-
rally finer bunches, bigger berries, or better finish.
Other fruits, including Oranges, are quite as well
done. Orchids, florists' flowers of various kinds,
Amaryllis in large numbers and hard-wooded green-
house plants are all admirably cultivated.

The vinery at the back is 90 feet long, in three
divisions of .30 feet each. The early house is planted
with Black Hamburgh, Buckland Sweetwater, Venn's
Muscat, and Madresfield Court Muscat. They carried
seven bunches each, wliich weighed, the lowest, about
\h lb., the heaviest, between 4 and 5 lb.

The next is a Muscat-house ; the next, a late
house, containing Foster's White Seedling, Royal
Vineyard, Black Hamburgh, Venn's Muscat, Mrs.
Pince, Lady Downe's, and Madresfield ; these last
were very fine in bunch and berry. The range
adjoining is 60 feet long, and is in two divisions ;
the houses are the same in length and width. In
these, Peaches, planted out, are grown on a trellis,
and there are about twenty varieties in pots ; the
best are — Peaches : Alexander, Hale's Early, Early
York, Dr. Hogg, Bellegarde, Grosse Mignonne,
Violette Hative, Princess of Wales, Exquisite,
Stirling Castle, Barrington, and Noblesse; of Nec-
tarines, Lord Napier, Stanwick EIruge, Pine-apple
EIruge, Albert Victor, and Victoria. The lean-to
house behind the Peacli-house, devoted to cool
Orchid growing, is 60 feet long.

The range of span-roofed houses facing the
vineries are si.x in number. Beginning with the first
on the west side — that is, even with the end of the late
vinery : this used as an Auricula-house to grow
Cinerarias and other plants for the conservatory,
The next house was heated from the roof as well as
in the usual way, to grow zonal Pelargoniums in
winter, Bouvardias, Tree Carnations, &c., in a dryish
atmospliere and a minimum temperature of from
60° to 00°. The next house is a wide one, with a
stage in the centre and also round the sides ; it is
always full of flowering plants. Pelargoniums.
Fuchsias, Lilies, &c.

The next is of a corresponding size, the internal
arrangements being the same, and it is filled with
Cattleyas and similar plants requiring a Mexican-
house temperature. The adjacent house is in two
divisions, one for East Indian Orchids, and contains
Odontoglossum Koezlii, Saccolabiums, Angrxcums,
&c. ; tlie other end is an Amaryllis-house. The sixth
house corresponds in size with the Auricula-house,
and is for Melons and Cucumbers, the other end is

the base of it, and the crown left projecting from the
mould. The compost sheuld be made moderately
firm. I plunge the pots containingthe bulbs in some
half-decayed cocoa-nut fibre refuse. The bulbs ought
to be left out-of-doors in tlie plunging material for
not less than a month, and by that time the roots will
have run well through the soil in the pots. When
roots are well formed, and in a healthy vigorous
condition, the bnlbs will bear forcing, but the tem-
perature should not be high to start with. Although
rich potting soil may have been used, a little weak
manure-water occasionally is also very desirable,
none of them should suS"er in the least for want of
water at the roots. J. Douglas.

Thu Pelargonium.
It is a pity that any of the fickle changes of fashion
should be allowed to intrude into the fair domain
of our gardens. Few flowers surpass the show and
decorative Pelargoniums ; but they are not at present
the favourites of fashion or fancy. The evidence of this
is to be found in the greatly diminished number of

FlO. 56. — PLAN or GLASSHOUSES AT GKKAT GEAKIES.

for Cyclamens in winter, and a few other plants
requiring rather more heat than an ordinary green-
house temperature.

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE HYACINTH.
The catalogues of Dutch bulbs now to hand re-
mind us that it is time to make preparation for
next season's display. Those who are behindhand
with any part of their work are not likely to be
very successful in results. I have been preparing
the potting soil during the present week, and follow-
ing tlie practice of the Dutch growers, have used
cow-manure with excellent results. The manure is
often used quite fresh, one barrowload of it to two
loads of loam ; add further one load of sand and
one of leaf-mould. This mixture is laid up in a heap
until October, when the lumpy portion of it is broken
up by the hand, and the whole incorporated by turn-
ing it over two or three times. The process of pot-
ting the bulbs is simple enough : one bulb is placed
in a 5 or 6-inch pot, with a little clean sand around

plants grown for sale in Covent Garden Market. There
is no diminution in the number of plants constantly
pouring into the market ; but there is constant
variation in the variety of subjects dealt in. One of
the largest growers told me that he could obtain in
the market 18s. a dozen for plants that did not cost
so much to grow as Pelargoniums, for which he
could only obtain 9s. The Pelargonium Society,
promoted by the late Dr. Denny and other ardent
cultivators, gave a great impetus to the culture
of all the sections of them, and the marvellous
examples sent to the exhibitions held by the above
Society, especially those in 6-inch pots, will
remain in the memory of those who were pri-
vileged to behold them. Even as it is, there are
few gardens in which these plants are not grown, and
not many plants make a more brilliant disjjlay in
the greenhouse during May, June, and July. They
are usually over by the middle of the last-named
month ; but this year, owing to the late season, some
of the varieties have lasted to the end of the month.
During the last week in July I cut down the largest
proportion of our plants ; they are now breaking well
out-of-doors, and in a week or ten days they will be
shaken out and repotted into smaller [lots. To pre-

AcGusT 20, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEIiS' CHRONICLE.

227

Tent bleeding the plants ought to be quite dry at the
roots before cutting them over, and they may remain
■dry for two or three days, by that time the cut
portions will be healed up. At one time there were
varieties in cultivation which might be termed shy
in producing flowers ; now they have been discarded,
And only varieties with good habit are grown. This
being the case a mor^ generous compound may be
provided to grow them in without causing a too
vigorous lax flowering growth. Four parts loam,
■one decayed manure, one leaf-mould, and one of
«and — tliis is enough for the first potting ; lor the
second a small portion of crushed bones may be
added to the above mixture. Place the plants in an
airy greenhouse or pit. After potting do not water
too freely until roots are formed. J. Douglas,

Foreign Correspondence.

BOTANIC GARDEN, ST. PETERSBUKG.

As I only spent three days in the garden and her-
barium, my attention was naturally chiefly confined
to the particular plants which had special interest
for me. The extent of ground covered by the gar-
dens is of course small as compared with Kew, but
the collections of plants will vie with any which I
have seen for completeness, as well as for their
good culture. This is specially noticeable in the
houses, and shows that the able and distinguished
Director, Dr. von Kegel, takes care to find out the
cultural requirements of the different plants, as well
as to collect and publish descriptions of new species.
This good cultivation is all the more remarkable,
owing to the great difficulties which have to be over-
come in St. Petersburg, due to the great heat in
summer and the intense cold in winter. I noticed
some English peat in the garden, which showed
that the plants are not treated on the system
which would seem to be prevalent in some
Botanic Gardens, where it is doubtless found as effi-
cacious in keeping plants out of the garden, as the
same system when applied to paupers was in keeping
the workhouses empty — the system of giving the
plants exactly what they do not want.

Among plants out-of-doors I specially noticed many
Alliums ; amongst others. Allium galanthum, A.
■cceruleum, A. narcissiflorum, A. oreophilum, A.
Ostrowskianum, seem to me to be much more " orna-
mental " than most of the genus ; Gentiana phlogi-
folia, Kauffmanniana ; a new Aster from Central
Asia apparently allied to Aster alpinus ; Rosarubri-
folia, Melampyrum nemorosum, various species of
Eremurus, and many others.

My visit to the houses under the guidance of Dr.
Albert von Regel and Herr Ender was so hurried that
I will make no mentionof special plants, and only say
that I am sure any of your readers would be amply
repaid for the trouble of going to St. Petersburg, by
the rare plants he would find there.

In the herbarium I was particularly interested by
four volumes of paintings of plants which had flowered
in the garden.

I must not finish this short note without remarking
•on the very great kindness and courtesy I met with,
from the Director especially, and from his col-
leagues. Wilt. Three fall.

PEKIWINKLE DISEASE

(PuccixiA ViNC^, Berk.).
In a garden in this neighbourhood is a long row
of Vinca major, the greater portion of which is this
year nearly killed by the attacks of the parasitic
fungus known as Puccinia vincx of Berkeley (fig. 57).
The leaves are arrested in their growtli, and do not ex-
ceed those of Vinca minor ; they turn yellow and die,
and the whole shoot, instead of being, as usual, several
feet long, is reduced to a few inches. The parasite
covers the entire under-surface of the leaf with small
brown pustules, which occasionally become confluent ;
none occur on the stem or petiole. On microscopic

examination each pustule is seen to consist of
myriads of uni-cellular ovate stalked spores, the con-
dition at present being that described as uredo-
spores, and has been called Trichobasis Vinciu, Berk.
This form is represented at a, fig. 58.

Later on, thebilocular teleutospores forming the
true I'uccinia (n, fig. oS) will make their appearance,
both forms being commonly found in the sarae i)us-
tule, when the season is sufficiently advanced. Puc-

li:af with puccinia.

cinia Vinca; is not usually very common. I have
met with it at Glengariffe and Gorey — at the latter
abundantly. It has occurred for several years on the
row of plants alluded to. but they were never so
badly affected as they arr this season ; and while
one plant has every leaf badly diseased, the next is
perfectly clean and healthy. The fungus is closely
allied to the dreaded HoUyliock disease, Puccinia
mulvacearum, Corda, which is now extremely
abundant on wild JIallows and other Malvaceae,

as well as on Hollyhocks. The latter, however, has
no uredospores, but produces teleutospores only.
Hence, Mr. Plowright places it, in his classification
of the Uredines, in his group Leptopuccinia, while
Puccinia Vincie is placed under Hemipuccinia. The
figures of the spores are drawn to the same scale as
those which so often appear in the Gardeners'
Chronicle over Mr. W. G. Smith's signature, viz.,
400 diameters.

It would be interesting to know if this disease has
occurred so virulently elsewhere this year. Green-
wood Pirn, ]\f.A,, F.L.S., Monkstown, Dublin.

Home Correspondence.

DROUGHT EXPERIENCES.— ily observation ofthe
effects of the drought upon vegetation supports the
views of your correspondent, " A. B." I never
remember to have seen standard trees in East Surrey
look healthier at this season. The deep green of
Fear trees and ornamental timber is very noticeable.
Apple trees have suffered most, chiefly, I think, from
burning sunshine and dryness of the atmosphere.
There has been very little dew this summer. Trees
and shrubs planted in the spring have suffered
severely, even wlien liberally watered, and many
nurserymen have a sad tale to tell under this Iiead.
Those which were planted early last autumn have
stood the drought well. Out of 300 bush fruit trees
planted by me at that time not one has failed, and
some are bearing good crops of fruit. I believe we
owe a great deal to the heavy snowfall of last
winter and the spring rains, which thoroughly satu-
rated the subsoil. It is not so much a question to
the horticulturist of the quantity of i-ain which falls
in a month as the time and manner of falling. The
spring rains so penetrated the ground that for some
time I found it to be too wet to go upon it, and until
quite recently the subsoil remained fairly moist.
Vegetation was very backward, the Hawthorns not
being in bloom till June, so that the store of moisture
in the ground was not drawn upon so early as usual.
I conclude, tlierefore, that the falling of fruit, &c.,
has been caused by fierce sunshine, unusual dryness
of the atmosphere, and insect pests. My Pear and
Apple trees in pots cast their fruit during a few very
hot days, in spite of careful watering and mulching.
The " social " caterpillars ate the Apple leaves faster
than my men could clear the trees of these destruc-
tive pests, and now the larva; of the Codlin moth are
working their sweet will upon the finest fruit. We
have no wasps, even in the fruiterers' shops. W
East Surrey.

Notes have been asked for of the eff'ects of

the extraordinary season on garden products, trees,
&c., by the Editor, to which I beg to contribute a few
notes. Taking the pleasure grounds and shubberies
first — of which we have a large extent — it was note-
worthy that the shrubs bore enormous quantities of
bloom. I do not remember their being so full— the
perfume of Lilies, mock Oranges, scenting the air
for a long distance oft'; nor have tliey become
defoliated to any extent as in former years. Other
deciduous trees have not suffered in any way from
the drought. I planted ^JOO or more common Yews
at the end of Jlay; they were slightly dewed over-
head with the syringe every evening through the
very hot weather, and have made capital growth,
our losses being only ten trees. Laurels have made
large growth, as also Rhododendrons, and the new
growth is very well furnished witli flower-buds.
Conifers have made fine growth, and seem to feel but
little the eff'ects of the drought. The alpines and
Ferns on the rockery have suffered the most, many
of the Ferns prematurely ripening their fronds, and
many plants have had to be watered to keep them
alive, especially Spira5as. The lawns are much burned
up, but the occupants of the flower-beds have done
well, the plants having made good growth and
plenty of bloom. In the kitchen garden Peas
as a crop have been good, but of short duration.
We are using at the present time Ne Plus Ultra
variety, which is carrying well-filled pods. Runner
Beans are full of bloom, and afford a sufficient
supply, the drought not having affected them in the
least. Winter stuffs have done well, being watered
only once — at the time of planting. French
Beans have carried lieavj- crops. Apples are rapidly
swelling to a large size, and putting on good colour-
ing. Altogether, we have but little to complain of;
our soil, being of a light sandy loam, resting on the
sandstone rock, is naturally cool, so that all kinds of
garden produce can withstand a season such as the
present without feeling any serious effects. E. Ward,
HewcU, Bromsgrorf. [Some of our correspondents'
experiences are remarkable. Here, in the South,
Runner Beans lost much of the early bloom. Peas
have scarcely borne a quarter crop; Cauliflowers,
Cabbages, and tlie like, have a steely look, and are
scarce now, and not palatable. Ed.]

Alpine and other herbaceous plants have had

a very trying summer, it having been a matter of dif-
fficulty to keep many species alive. The exceptional
duration of the drought has shown, on the other
hand, which plants are best adapted for growing on
dry borders, and the knowledge gained in that respect
will be of value in future years. The rockery has

228

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 20, 1887.

been the part most difficult to keep gay; the mossy
Saxifrages, Sedums, and small plants generally have
been almost burnt up or else much stunted in their
growth. The plants that flowered the best with us
ivereStaticeincananana, S. latifolia.Papaver alpinuni,
Eryngium giganteum, E. amethystinum, Ononis natrix.
Antirrhinum asarina, a good plant for covering bare
places ; and both vai'ieties of Rosa rugosa. This plant
has been very good this summer, the foliage looking
fresh and clean, and the plants are rendered very
attractive by the bright red fruits. Amongst the
plants flowering best in the open borders are the dif-
ferent varieties of l^entstemon pulchellus ; the Tor-
reyi variety of P. barbatus (syn. Cheloue barbatus)
has been flowering well with us since June : it is a
capital plant to grow amongst white Lilies, its small
scarlet flowers showing otf to perfection when con-
trasted with Lilinm candidum. Pentstemon brevi-
ilorus is a good plant for dry borders, but requires
protection in the winter ; its bright yellow flowers
are quite distinct from any other Pentstmon. Other
plants deserving notice as withstanding the drought
are, Helenium pumilum, Catananche cocrulea and C.
bicolor, Celsia arcturus, Erigeron speciosum, Gypso-
phila paniculata, Achillea ptarmica flore-pleno, A.
agyptiaca, Armeria cephalotis, QSnothera speciosa,
the latter a charming border jjlant with large pure
white flowers. Lastly, I should like to mention
Zauschneria califomica, which is a very desirable
plant for autumn decoration ; it is perfectly hardy
and flowers in almost any soil. J. W. Odcll, Barroio
Point, Pinner.

The Beech and Birch trees have suft'ered

very much at this ]>lace — in fact, so much so,
•that at the wish of my employer several large
trees have been watered to try to keep them
alive. Shrubs tliat were planted three years ago,
and Eliododendrons, have felt the drought so
much, that we have had to water them frequently to
ieep them alive. Our Apple crop is very poor, all
the fruit being very small. Kitchen garden crops
are completely dried up. Brussels Sprouts planted
out of frame early in spring have gone to seed in-
stead of growing. Turnips are a complete failure.
Carrots ai-e also vei'y poor. Early Potatos are good,
both in crop and in quality. Bedding stuff is flowering
well. One of my men told me that there was a
white frost at 4 o'clock tliis morning (Monday, the
16th inst.). A. J. Brown, Lindfield, Sussex.

FRUIT CROPS IN THE BEDALE DISTRICT.— In

my report on the fruit crop in the north of Yorkshire,
in the Gardeners' Chronicle of last week, nearly all
were reported good ; the only drawback that we have
had to contend with is the long drought, which is
telling heavily on all crops. I stated that Apricots
here were a moderate crop in our heavy soil ; near
lUs, on sandy soil, I find the crop is good, but small.
Bush fruits are all heavily mulched here, conse-
quently they are plentiful and very fine. Straw-
berries suffered most and required constant watering ;
Apples and Pears are a good croj), and are watered
constantly. Red-spider is ruining the Apple trees,
;and to some extent the Pears are sufi"ering, but those
are easier to syringe than the Apple trees. Some
sorts of Plums are good here, but generally they are
a partial crop. Grass and all kinds of green crops
-are very much burnt up, and there is no wonder
when we consider that we are 9.^^ inches of rain short
in the present year ; that is nearly equal to 950 tons
of water short on every acre of land since .January 1.
This will account for the great scarcity of water in
the springs: nor can we expect a change until after the
autumn rains. Many of the trees are casting their
leaves as if it were autumn. Several sorts of Apples
have dropped the fruit from drought, until the crop is
nearly all gone. William Culvcrwcll, Thorpe Perrow.

WATERING OF PLANTS.--I thank S. Heaton for
his courtesy. Will he kindly give the temperature
of the water obtained direct from his main, that the
information may be a guide to others, as doubtless
the warmth of such water varies considerably in
different seasons of the year, and will also vary when
obtained from difftrent "localities at the same period.
I still adhere to the point that cold s))ring water is
detrimental to the healthy life and vigour of the
majority of plants, whether growing indoors or out-of-
doors ; and that too cold water, when applied to plants
in full flower, or just at the setting of the fruit, im-
parts such a chill to the circulatory fluid that many
blooms and much fruit falls off prematurely. That an
occasional syringing with cold water will have the
effect of cleansing plants from insect pests is feasible ;
but medicine too frequently used may assist to kill
as well as cure. In some cases the remedy may be

as mischievous to the ultimate ends as the disease.
In no branch of science, therefore, can the thoughtful
man find greater scope for his energies than in that
of the study of vegetable economy in all its bearings.
J. J. W.

BUTTERFLY SWARMS.— I can endorse what your
correspondent, W. Earley, says on this subject. Not
since nearly forty years ago do I remember to have
seen the cabbage-whites in such great numbers. But
he surely must be in ei'ror in including the black-
veined white (Aporia cratregi) amongst the number.
Possibly there is a confusion with the green-veined
white (Pieris napi). The former is generally sup-
posed to be extinct in this country, none having been
seen for about twenty years, even in localities where
it formerly abounded. 'Qy green-chequered white I
presume the female of the orange-tip is intended. Ji.
McLachlan.

PLANT NAMES. — A practice seems to be grow-
ing up of naming plants and flowers sent to South
Kensington for the judgment of the Floral Committee
after members of that body. I have heard it strongly
commented upon, but I wonder that the members of
the committee, feeling that such naming without leave
or warrant, is calculated to bring the committee into
contempt, liave not passed a resolution, which
would at once check a practice that might grow to
be very obnoxious. Possibly those answerable for
the objectionable feature may find it difficult to fur-
nish names for their numerous floral progeny, but
the members of the Floral Committee seem hardly
fitted to be sponsors, indeed such selections of names
is exceedingly ridiculous, and naturally leads to the
conclusion that it is not accidental but intentional.
History furnishes myriads of available names, and
when history fails fiction may be brought to aid the
seeker after proper appellations for flowers. In
these cases there would perchance be no one having
similar names, and no personal objection could
follow. In the case of living names, however, there
is much to object to in the practice of using their
names for plants, too many of which may be worthless,
especially when such names are used without assent
being invited or obtained. In such cases, the honour,
if intended as such, may be real ; in too many cases
the flower is totally unworthy the name. In any
case there can be no two opinions as to the impro-
priety of givmg flowers names after members of a
body, which has to adjudicate upon the merits of
the things thus placed before them. Censor.

NEW POTATOS AT CHRISTMAS.— Among all
the choice vegetables which it is the pride of every
good gardener to place on his employer's table at this
festive time, not one. perhaps, is more appreciated
or considered more of a luxury than the above, when
forthcoming, which is not often. Why it should be
so seldom seen at this time is difficult to understand,
seeing that it is so easily produced. The seed should
be planted towards the end of this month in a frame
on a spent hotbed, and allowed to come gradually
on with plenty of air and protection from too much
wet or cold. In very cold weather their progress is
more satisfactory with the addition of an occasional
lining to the frame, and they must always be pro-
tected from frost. The seed for this purpose must
be specially prepared. For instance, the Potatos to
be planted this month must be the seed of some
which were planted in a frame last January, and
taken up and stored away for this purpose in April.
Those anxious to have new Potatos next Christmas
may be able to procure this specially prepared seed
through their seedsman. Seed ripened in summer is
no use for this purpose. Veitch's Improved Ashleaf
is the variety I use. Solanuni.

POTATO SCAB. — The results which German
investigators have arrived at as to the cause and cure
of the Potato scab, may be thus briefly summarized : —
The skin of the healthy Potato tuber consists of a
layer of cork-like cells of uniform thickness ; when
the skin is injured, or a portion of it cut away, the
wound heals by the foimation of a new layer of cells
which reproduce themselves in a manner very similar
to what takes place when the skin of an animal forms
again over a wound. When the Potato tuber grows
in unduly wet soil, the cork-cell layers increase in
thickness at various points, producing a multitude of
little warts or excrescences upon the surface. When
these warts occur, tlie cuticle is less resistent than
otherwise, and decay of the tissue underneath is
likely to take place. If the excess of moisture about
the Potato tuber continues for a considerable time,
decay sets in, and the starch and tissues of the tuber
become discoloured. When, under favourable con-

ditions, decay is arrested, the cork-cell layer
forms between the decayed and the healthy parts
of the Potato, and the Potato is " scabby."
This affection of the Potato is, therefore, the result
of excess of moisture, either because the soil is wet
from situation or because of its texture, or on
account of the occurrence of a protracted period of
wet weather. Stable dung and other manurial fer-
tilisers influence the disease in proportion as they
alfect the state of moisture in the soil. Stable-dung
may also aggravate the disease by filling the soil
with the spores or seeds of mould fungi, which,
taking root in the injured cork-cell layer, may favour
decomposition of the tuber, and protract the heal-
ing process. Potash salts and kainit have been
found antagonistic to Potato scab by hindering the
development of this particular species of fungi, and
by imparting a more vigorous growth to the Potato
haulm. The first consideration, however, where
Potato scab is prevalent, must always be drainage of
the soil. The addition of burnt clay ashes to the
soil is an excellent preventative. John ./. Wilk,
Uarpenden.

QUALITY OF EARLY POTATOS. — There can be
no mystery as to the absence of quality in many of
our early Potatos this season. How can it be expected
that with the plants growing of course on the lightest
soils, and in the warmest situations in gardens, in
such excessive heat and drought as we have had such
ample experience of this summer — the growth arrested
and the tops almost roasted up — that the tubers should
have the quality found as a rule in naturally matured
crops ? Taken generally, early kinds have been
checked and ripened this year when about half
grown ; and if in green Ireland Mr. Murphy has
found it hot and dry, affecting the quality of his
Potatos, what can be expected in this locality, where
heat has been abnormal and drought excessive?
No doubt in Northern districts we shall learn of
excellent Potatos, because the heat may have suited
them : with us the heat has been practically
destructive. Middlesex.

WASPS. — I must congratulate Mr. Chitty, of
Pewsey, on the absence of wasps, for in this part of
the country they never were more abundant than
this year. We have taken 1.50 nests up to date,
within a radius of half a mile from the gardens, and
this without causing any appreciable diminution of
their numbers about the Gooseberry bushes and
Peach and Cherry trees. We always take the nests
with powdered cyanide of potasium — a deadly poison,
and one which requires handling with great care; and
they can be taken in the daytime by this means by
merely dropping a tablespoonful in the hole. After
three hours the nest can be dug out and the grubs
destroyed. A'. IK. Walker. Purdysburn, Belfast.

I have noticed with surprise the state-
ments in the Gardeners' Chronicle of the freedom from
wasps in other parts. In this locality (North Bed-
fordshire) we are greatly infested with them ; no less
than fifteen nests have been discovered within a
quarter of a mile of the gardens here, and more are
being found daily. We find that, owing to the cracks
in the soil caused by the drought, it is in many
instances found to be impossible to destroy, them by
pouring gas tar into the holes. We find that by using
paraffin and setting it alight that we are able com-
pletely to destroy them. A. W. Francis, Saveiisden.

In reference to the notes which ap-
peared in the last two issues of the Gardeners'
Chronicle respecting the scarcity of wasps, it may be
interesting to state that during the last four weeks
443 wasps' nests were taken within an area of I mile
from the kitchen gardens here, and paid for at the
rate of Is. per nest, and to say that within the last
four years we have paid about £200 for the destruc-
tion of wasps nests. H. it', n'ard, Longford Castle.

EARLY FROSTS. — On Sunday morning, the 14th
inst., we had 6° of frost, with cold wind, which cut
severely Alternantheras, Ageratums, Iresines, Lobe-
lias, and Pelargoniums. French Beans and 'Vegetable
Marrows in the gardens, and Potatos in the fields in
this neighbourhood are cut down. It is to be hoped
that such a degree of cold has not been general. I
see it stated in the newspspers that 0° of frost was
experienced in tlie Windermere Lake district. Geo.
Manderson, Alexandra Park, Manchester. [We have
similar reports from Surrey and other counties. Ed.]

EUCHARIS OR BULB MITE.— Now is the time
when amateurs and gardeners l)uy their Hyacinths,
Tuberoses, and other bulbs, and caution is very
necessary in doing so, for if they once introduce

AnQTJST 20, 1887.1

THE GABDENEFS' CEBONICLE.

229

the above pest into their collections with Nerines,
Vallotas, Amaryllis. Eucharis, &c., it means certain
loss sooner or later. Having, last year inspected
several thousand Hyacinth and other bulbs, I found
a great number wholly unfit for sale : they were
swarming with mites. My advice therefore is, buy
only from trustworthy sources, for I heard of several
failures where the gardeners got the blame for wrong
treatment when the fault was really unsound bulbs,
bought at a cheap price. A Gardener.

Societies.

THE OXFORD CARNATION AND
PICOTEE TJNION.

Ado. 2. — That the summer of 1887 has proved a
trying one for Carnations and Picotees will be gene-
rally admitted. The white grounds of the flowers —
the essential purity of which plays so important a
part in flowers presented to view in their best form
— have been what the growers terra "foggy," that is
to eay, the grounds did not come out clean and per-
fectly bleached owing to the heat and drought of the
weather. But there was laid out in Mr. E. S. Dod-
well's garden in the Stanley Road what he terms a
" feast " of Carnations and Picotees of excellent
qnalitv. Old growers and exhibitors said they could
not remember an exhibition so large, and character-
ised by so much tine quality. The bizarre Carna-
tions were brilliantly coloured, Mr. Robert Lord's
flowers in particular being dazzling for their bril-
liancy.

Carnations. — Tlie largest class was for twelve dis-
similar varieties, eight prizes being offered, and there
being nine competitors. Here Mr. Robert Lord,
florist, Hole Bottom, Todmorden, was 1st, with an
almost faultless stand of blooms. 2nd. Mr. Martin
Rowan, Manor Street, Clapham, S.W., with very
fine blooms. In the class for six dissimilar varieties
there were seventeen exhibitors, and no one
showing in the previous class could compete in
this. Here Mr. John Whitham, Hebden Bridge,
Yorkshire, was 1st, with very fine blooms ; 2nd, Mr.
J. S. Heddesley, Swinton, Nottingham, with striking
blooms.

In the class for single blooms, five prizes being
offered in each, a very large number of flowers
were staged, the awards being as follows: — S.B. :
1st, Mr. S. Barlow, Stake Hill, Manchester. 2nd and
4th, with Robert Houlgrave, a superb, new flower,
remarkable for the brilHacy of its scarlet, its fine
shape and solid petal ; a fine addition to a limited
class, and an excellent grower. C.B. : Here
Master Fred, superbly shown, won all the
prizes; Mr. J. AVhitham was 1st. and ilr. R.
Lord 2nd. P.P.B. : Ist. Mr. Robert Lord,
with William Skirving. P.F. ; 1st, Mr. Brown,
with George Melville. S.F.: 1st, Mr. Geo. Geggie,
with Matador. R.F. : 1st, Mr. Lord, with Rob Rov ;
and 2nd, with Sybil.

The premier Carnation was C.B. Master Fred,
shown by Mr. J. Whitham.

Picotees. — The class for twelve dissimilar blooms
brought nine competitors for eight prizes, Mr. R.
Lord being again 1st with blooms striking for their
purity and delicacy and evenness of marking. In
the class for six varieties there were nineteen com-
petitors, exhibitors of twelve being excluded from
this; Mr. J. Whitham was 1st. Then followed the
classes for single blooms, the judges having to select
from a large number. Of H.R.E., Mr. W itham
was 1st and 2nd, with John Smith. L.R.E. : 1st,
Mr. Rowan, with Mrs. Gorton. H.P.E. : Mr. Lord
took all the prizes with fine blooms of Muriel.
L.P.E.: 1st, Mr. Lord, with Minnie. H.R.E. : 1st,
Mr. Lord, with Louisa. L.R.E. : 1st, Mr. Rowan,
with Nellie. Yellow grounds : 1st. Mr. Read, gr. to
A. H. Dodwell. Esq., St. Mary's Road, Oxford, and
2nd and 4th with fine seedlings.

The premier Picotee was a beautiful bloom of
H.R.E. Mrs. Payne, shown by Mr. R. Lord.

Selfs, Fancies, and Yellow Grounds. — In the class
for twelve varieties, nine competitors contended for
the eight prizes. Here Mr. Read was 1st, with a
very fine lot of unnamed seedlings of great beauty.
In the class for six varieties there were ten com-
petitors for nine prizes. Mr. Hovell, gr. to G. H.
Morrell, Esq., Headington Hill, Oxford, being 1st,
with excellent blooms of Mr. Dodwell, Alice Mary,
Mrs. Walton, Edith. Mrs. Champneys, and Neptune,
In the classes for single blooms of selfs, fancies, and
yellow grounds the prizes were awarded as follows : —

1st, Mr. Read, with Lady Constance ; 2nd, with
seedling. Fancies : 1st. Mr. Read, with The
Maestro ; Mr. J. Lakin being 2nd, with seedling.

The premier self was a beautiful delicate pink
variety, named Gladys, shown by Mr. Read — one of
Mr. Dodwell's seedlings. The premier fancy. The
Maestro, bright crimson, flaked with maroon, also
shown by Mr. Read, and raised by Mr. Dodwell.

First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded to
S.B., Robert Houlgrave, shown by Mr. S. Barlow ;
and to the following yellow grounds, shown by Mr.
C. Turner, Koyal Nursery, Slough, viz.. Will
Threlfall, Almira, Annie Douglas, Colonial Beauty,
Terra Cotta, and Agnes Chambers ; and to the fol-
lowing selfs : — Scarlet Gem, bright scarlet-crimson ;
and Rose Celestial, clear pale junk.

In addition to the exhibition proper Mr. Dodwell's
garden was a blaze of Carnations and Picotees, it
being computed the collection in pots and in the open
jfround had some 12,000 expanded flowers.

LTJTON HORTICXTLTTJRAL.

The fourtii annual exhibition of this Society was
held on August 10 in a meadow, kindly placed at the
service of the Society by J. J. Kershaw, Esq., J. P.,
Bedford House, Vice-President of the Society. The
exhibits were arranged in five tents. The entries
were (ewer than last year, but this can be partially
accounted for by the committee taking a firm stand
for seven clear days from the time of receiving the
last entry and the show day. Although the entries
were fewer the exhibits in many cases were con-
siderably better in quality, and in point of arrange-
ment a very marked improvement was discernible
throughout. Cut flowers and vegetables have suf-
fered very considerably from the exceptionally dry
character of the season; Cauliflowers, which fare
always a conspicuous feature in Luton shows, and as
a rule are magnificent specimens, this year were
conspicuous by their absence. Potatos were a
splendid show, the soil in and around Luton being
peculiarly favourable to their cultivation. There
were some excellent dishes shown, although they also
showed the effects of the dry weather. The follow-
ing are some of the principal awards : —

Group of miscellaneous stove and greenhouse
flowering plants, arranged for effect. — In this class
1st honours were awarded to J. Kershaw, Esq. ;
the 2nd going to James Higgins, Esq., Malvern
House, Luton. There were some good plants in
both groups, but the arrangement was rather
defective, being too flat and overcrowded. The 2nd
prize lot was composed of too many plants with
heavy foliage.

For six tine-foliaged plants J. Kershaw, Esq., was
1st, and E. Coupees, Old Bedford Road, 2nd.

Six Ferns. — H. Gibbons, Esq., was 1st, with a
remarkably fresh clean lot ; while H. Blundell, Esq.,
Moulton Lodge, Luton, was 2nd, with larger speci-
mens, but not in such a fresh condition.

Six Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums. — H. Blundell, Esq.,
was 1st ; also for six Gloxinias.

For six table nlants. Mr. J. Higgins was 1st, and
Mrs. Drake Garrard, Lamer Park, Wheathampstead,
was 2nd.

For best twelve Roses, distinct. — 1st, Mr. J. Free-
man, Beechwood Park, Dunstable.

For twelve trusses cut flowers. — 1st, Mrs. Drake
Garrard.

For six Dahlias, large- flowered. — 1st, Mr. J.
Freeman.

For Pompons. — 1st, Mr. J. Freeman.

Fruit. — For two bunches of black Grapes Mr. J.
Higgins was 1st, with two good bunches of Madres-
field Court Muscat ; Mr. B. Bennett, gr., Cheverals
Park, Dunstable, was a capital 2nd, with two nice
bunches of Black Hamburgh, with excellent bloom
and fine in berry. For two bunches of white Grapes
Mr. B. Bennett was 1st, with nice Muscat of Alex-
andria ; Mr. A. T. Webster. The Mount, New Bedford
Road, was 2nd, with good bunches of Buckland's
Sweetwater. For six Peaches and six Nectarines,
Mr. Freeman was a winner in each class.

JDinner-tablo Competition (open). — Prizes offered by
the ladies of Luton. First honours were awarded to
Mr. Beckett, Aldenham Park. Elstree, Herts, who
had a tastefully arranged table, consisting of asplendid
bunch of Gro3 Maroc Grape, a good bunch of Muscat
of Alexandria, a fine dish of Peaches, Apricots, Nec-
tarines and Cherries. Miss Higgins was 2nd, with a
rather heavy arrangement of Water Lilies.

The cut flowers in both open and amateur classes
were excellent ; as were many of the dishra of vege-
tables shown by amateurs and cottagers.

LEIGHTON BUZZARD HORTICUL-
TURAL.

The annual show of this Society was held on the
11th inst. In the principal tent Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, had a flne group of choice
subjects, which was well arranged. The Pitcher-
plants, which were elevated somewhat, were very
conspicuous; and among other choice plants were
new Dracaenas and Rhododendrons, Anthurium
Andreanum, Anguloa Clowesii, and beautifully
scented Pancratiums, which, with a lot of new and
choice Ferns interspersed, produced a fine efl!*ect.
Leopold Rothschild, Esq., Ascot, sent another fine
group These were chiefly Palms, Liliums, Begonias,
Cockscombs, and Ferns, with a margin of Isolepis
gracilis. Edward Edwards, Esq., Holmside, contri-
buted a nice lot of tuberous Begonias — well grown
plants and finely flowered. Mr. W. Paul, of Waltham
Cross Nurseries, sent eight boxes of fine Roses, one
of which, Marechal Niel, was particularly noticed.
His new Rose, H.P. Grand Mogul, was exceedingly
good and promises to be an acquisition. The Bride
was also well shown. The Polyantha Roses were
very pretty and much noticed.

Fiiiit. — The best black Grapes came from Mr. A.
Heslop, gr. to H. S. Leon, Esq. ; and the best white
from the same grower, and Mr. Tompkins had the
best Melon. Prizes were offered for collections of
fruit, not limited to any number of dishes. These un-
limited collections are unquestionably a mistake ; a
limited quantity is at all seasons better contested and
brings forth the best subjects only, and, moreover,
affords the means for a better test of skilful cultiva-
tion.

Vegetables. — These were plentifully shown, in very
good condition, but not up to the usual standard,
doubtless owing to the prolonged season of drought,
which is everywhere indicating its effects.

Amateur s Division. — Three prizes were offered for
a group of miscellaneous plants arranged for effect
in a space not exceeding 50 square feet ; this was a
very interesting class, and brought out several com-
petitors— the 1st prize lot, as far as arrangement was
concerned, being well in advance of the rest. 1st, Mr.
R. Richmond, Leighton ; 2nd, J. Dixon, Esq.,
Leighton ; 3rd, Mr. King, Linslade. Cut flowers
were well shown in this division ; also very good
fruit, the hardy kinds being particularly good.

MATLOCK BATH HORTICULTURAL.

Aug. 13. — This was the sixteenth exhibition of this
Society, and it took place in the spacious pavilion in the
gardensat MatlockBath. The display was such an im-
provement upon anything that has gone before, that
it did seem a pity that after so long a spell of fine
weather, the rain should have come at mid-day, and
entailed a seious loss to the Society.

The whole of the exhibits were arranged in the
immense conservatory-like pavilion. The onl}'"
classes for plants were two for groups arranged for
effect — all the other prizes were for cut flowers,
fruits, and vegetables. The principal part of the
exhibition was found in the classes open to all.

Groups arranged for e^e-ct. — Handsome prizes of
£15, £10, £5 were offered for groups arranged for
effect, not to exceed a space of 250 feet. Five of
these competed, the 1st prize being awarded to Mr.
Samuel Thacker, Minerva House, Nottingham, an
amateur who has acquired a great reputation as a
floral decorator. The arrangement was remarkably
good. Palms, Crotons, foliaged plants. Ferns, &c.,
being the principal agents employed : but there was
a little too much crowding; Mr. A. Webb, gr. to
J. H. Manners-Sutton, Esq.. Kelham Hall, Newark,
was 2nd ; and Mr. C. Williams, gr. to S. Baerlin,
Esq., Didsbury, Manchester, 3rd. Two extra prizes
were awarded in this class. There was a class
for a group not exceeding 100 feet, confined to
residents within ten miles of Matlock, and here Mr.
C. Yates, gr. to C. Wildgoose, Esq., Holloway,
Matlock, was 1st, with a nicely arranged collection ;
Mr. Barlass, gr. to T. C. Arkwright, Esq., Willersley
Castle, Cromford, being a good 2nd.

Cut Flowers. — Some remarkably good Roses were
shown, the season considered. The best twenty-four
came from H. D. Smith, Esq., Alfreton Road. Derby;
Mr. R. W. Proctor, nurseryman, Chesterfield, being
2nd. Mr. J. Henson, Derby, had the best twelve
Dahlias; Mr. J. Carrington, Derby, being 2nd.
Cut zonal Pelargoniums, in bunches of three trusses,
were a very fine featui'e, Mr. Carrington being 1st,
and Mr. Henson 2nd. A remarkably good feature

230

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 20, 1887.

also was furnished in the class for eighteen
bunches of cut flowers ; here Mr. C. Williams was
1st, with a very fine lot, consisting of Orchids and
stove and greenhouse plants in bold bunches ; Mr. J.
Bolas, gr. to H. C. P. Fell, Esq., Hopton Hall, being
2nd. There was a very keen competition in the class
for a bouquet, Mr. C. Williams being 1st, and Messrs.
J. R. Pearson & Co., Chilwell Nurseries, 2nd. Mr.
Hans Niemand, Edgbaston, Birmingham, was 1st,
with a beautiful bouquet of Roses and their foliage ;
Mr. J. R. Cliard, florist. Stoke Newington, N., being
2nd. Mr. Chard had the best-arranged basket of cut
flowers, Mr. Hans Niemand being 2ud. Verbenas
and Gladioli were also shown in their classes.

Fruit. — The fruit show was remarkably good. The
best eight dishes came from Mr. J, Edmunds, gr. to
the Duke of St. Albans, Bestwood, Notts, who had
fine Madresfield Court and Muscat of Alexandria
Grapes, Pine, Nectarines, Figs, Melon, and Cher-
ries ; 2nd, Mr. J. Ward, gr. to C. H. Oates, Esq.,
Biddings Hall, Alfreton, with some capital fruit also;
3rd, Mr. J. Lyon, The Gardens, Ossington Hall,
Newark. Mr. 'Barlass, Willersley Castle, had the
best six dishes, staging excellent Gros Maroc and
Muscat of Alexandria Grapes. 2nd. Mr. J. Harding,
gr. to Major McCrea, Thoruhill, Stanton Hall. The
best four bunches of Grapes came from D. Saville, Esq.,
Alvaston Hall, Derby (gardener's name not given),
who had two bunches each of Muscat of Alexandria
and Black Hamburgh ; 2nd, Mr. Edmunds, with
Madresfield Court and Muscat of Alexandria; Mr.
Ward being 3rd, with the same varieties, having
very fine bunches, but not ripe enough. Mr. Ed-
munds had the best two bunches of white Grapes,
showing excellent Muscat of Alexandria, Mr. Bolas
being 2nd with the same. The two best bunches of
black Grapes were Black Hamburgh, from Colonel
Thorpe, Coddington Hall, Newark : Mr. Edmunds
being 2nd with some well-finished bunches. Mr.
Bolas had the heaviest bunch, showing a fine one of
Muscat of Alexandria, Mr. Lyon being 2nd with
Barbarossa. Peaches, Nectarines, Melons, and To-
matos, were all well shown.

Vegetables. — Prizes were offered for collections by
Messrs. Webb & Sons, .James Dickson & Sons, Dick-
son & Brown, Daniels Bros., Dickson, Brown & Tait,
R. B. Laird & Sons, &c., and they were all keenly
competed for. The vegetables shown by amateurs
and cottagers were very good all round, and so
numerous were they that it was witji great difiiculty
space could be found for them in the pavilion.

Among miscellaneous exhibits was a beautiful
wreath from Messrs. J. R. Pearson & Co. ; Roses from
Messrs. Dickson & Robinson, and Dickson, Brown
& Tait ; a large collection of vegetables, flowers, and
fruit, from Mr. F. Oram, of Matlock Bath ; blooms
of Carnations and Picotees from Mr. R. H. Verte-
gan and Mr. Hans Niemand ; all of which were highly
commended. There was also a remarkable show of
honey, and one of the leading exhibitors was Mr. A.
Clark, postmaster of Matlock and the energetic
Hon. Secretary of the Society.

SCILLY ISLANDS BULB ASSOCIA-
TION.

This Society has two annual shows — one for cut
flowers and the other for bulbs of the various Daffo-
dils and Narcissi. The autumnal exhibition of bulbs
was held on Tuesday, August 9. The iSociety, which
is as yet only in its infancy, must be congratulated
on a very successful show, and one which shows a
gieat advancement on that of the previous year.
Mr. Dorrien Smith, who shows on all and every
occasion that he has the monetar}- prosperity of the
islands and the welfare of the islanders very close to
his heart, is a most liberal contributor to the funds
of the Society ; nor does his interest stop at this
point, for he acts with the judges as referee, and
personally is willing to spare no trouble to make the
show attractive to the dwellers in the outer islands,
who, in their own minds, much prefer the harvest of
the sea in which to gain their livelihoods.

The bulbs staged were first shown in classes
according to varieties, and were so judged in a good
class, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd prizes being awarded. When
the judges have finished, the exhibitors are admitted,
and allowed to group their exhibits in collections,
and to introduce other varieties of bond fide bulbs
(which must have Ijeen grown by them for one year
at le.ast) th.an Narcissi. For these collections Mr.
Dorrien Smith gives seven valuable prizes, amount-
ing in all to £20. The 1st prize was awarded to
Hugh Watts, Old Town, with flfty-five entries ; tho
9nd to \V. P. Mumford, with sixty entries ; the Srd

to William Trevillick, with sixty-three entries ; the
others in order of merit being Richard Mumford, W.
M. Gluyas, and W. Barnes and J. C. Tonkin, who
were considered equal.

The bulbs of the Polyanthus varieties shown were
perfect in shape, and equal to the finest samples of
Dutch grown bulbs. Particularly would this
criticism apply to the classes for Grand Monarque,
Soleil d'Or, and the Scilly White. This variety is
neai-ly allied to White Pearl, but will be found by
cultivators more vigorous and prolific, and since it
has been in the islands for a very long time, no
doubt there will be a large quantity of bulbs for
sale. As the bulbs ripen much earlier in Scilly, they
will be found to flower earlier when grown in pots
than those from Holland, and in ray experience more
floriferous and vigorous. Nine lots of Telemonius
plenus were shown, and eight of Rugilobus, both
being very fair classes. There were five exhibitors
of Maximus, six of Empress, five of Biflorus,
four of the Paper White, five of Stella,
six of Cynosure, seven of Odorus campernelli,
eight of Obvallaris — a very good class, the 1st and
2nd being very close ; nine of Poeticus plenus, eight
of P. recurvus. 1 give the above statistics, .ts it will
show the sorts most rife in the islands. But other
varieties, well shown, may be mentioned in Orange
Plioenix, Gloriosa, Frank Miles, Barri conspicuus,
which has a great future; Lincolnshire Yellow,
Horsfieldi, Em]>eror, Pallidus priccox, Burbidgei,
Sir Watkin, were very inditt'erently shown. The
poor bulbs of Pallidus prascox are easily accounted
for, since the Pyreneean varieties do not appear to
increase well in the '' Sunset bound of Lyonesse."
Vafjahoiid.

Plants and Their Culture.

Hahd-wooded Plants. — The strong growing Cape
and New Holland plants that have completed their
growths, such as Heaths, Acacias, Boronias, Aden-
andras, Eriostemons, Aphelexis, Hedaromas, &c.,
h.iving been prepared by the admission of plenty of
air, should now (if it has not already been attended
toj be placed outdoors in a light position upon a firm
layer of ashes, so that their growths may become
matured. The pots should be screened from the
sun's rays by thick planks, Box edgings, roofing tiles,
or something of the kind, and if the plants c.in be
slightly screened also from the sun for a few days
the liability to injury from sudden exposure will be
removed. These plants at all times require to be
judiciously watered, and when outside, being more
under the influence of the weather, more care in this
matter is wanted. Acacias are liable to become
infested by red-spider, and should be carefully syringed
in the evening of warm days. Cape Heaths are apt
to get mildewed, and should be frequently examined,
and be dusted with flowers of sulphur if this para-
site should appear. Where practicable. Heaths
should be watered with rain-water only, as, owing to
the often deleterious constituents of spring water
tliey may be greatly injured by its use, ami the work
of years upon slow growers of the type of E. elegans
and E. depressa may be thus lost. E. hyemalis, E.
autumnalis, and other fast-growing soft-wooded
kinds, do not so readily suft'er from this cause,
and are in other cultural particulars more easily
managed than those belonging to the hard-
wooded section. Should the soil in the pots get
excessively dry they may be moistened throughout
by being stood in a tub of water. All the above
should be placed in their winter quaiters by the end
of the ensuing month, and should on no account be
exposed to heavy rains, while young plants in small
pots are best retained where they can have the
protection of glass the whole year.

The houses containing species that are likely to
become injured if placed out-of-doors, such as
Lescheuaultias, Tremandras, Correas, Dracophyl-
luras, Piraeleas, &c., should now be ventilated to
their fullest extent day an<l night, and a dryer
atmosphere maintained. This will ripen the wood,
develope the flower-buds, and render the plants less
likely to be attacked by mildew. Epacrises that
were placed out-of-doors should be examined to see
that worms do not get into the pots ; these, like
other genera of New Holland plants, are impatient
to excessive watering. Specimens of E. miniata
sjilendens, E. Eclipse, and others of similar habit,
should, as the shoots lengthen, be trained out, and
the plants turned round occasionally, so that their
growths may be well matured. Azaleas that have
flnlfhed grownng may be placed in the open Rir,

which will afford space under glass for the more
tender subjects. The plants should be syringed each
fine afternoon as the sun loses its power, and a look-
out must be kept for thrips, which should be at once
destroyed by the use of Fir-tree oil or tobacco-water.
Young plants that have had their blossom-buds
removed, in order to cause a second growth to be
made, must be still kept in a light position under
glass, where they should be encouraged to complete
their growth as early as practicable. Thomas Coomber,
The Heiidre Gardens.

The Weather.

[Accmnulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
decrees— a " Day-degree " signifying 1' continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatuee.

Above or

Accdmulated.

Sa

S3

below tbe

fc,

t.

Mean for

*2 jj

3. -

the week
ending

'is

'is

Ang. 15.

¥

■3 J

■it

if

Pr

neipal Wheat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day- Day-

duciDg Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg. deg.

0

Scotland, N. ...

6 below

61

0

+ 195 -1- 37

I

SCOTLAXD. E. ...

3 below

7S

0

-H 219 + 41

2

Ekglasd, N.E. ...

4 below

&4

0

+ 214 -1- 82

3

EXGLAND, E. ...

3 below

113

0

-1- 27

+ 168

4

Midland Cos. ...

0 below

99

0

-1- 63

+ 166

5

England, S. ...

1 below

132

0

-1- 10

+ 151

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6

Scotland, W. ...

4 below

81

0

+ 105 + 47

7.

England, N.W....

5 below

90

0

+ 86-1- 118

8.

England, S.W....

2 below

113

0

+ 94-1- 172

9.

IBELAND, >'.

4 below

83

0

+ 248-1- 23

10

IBELANTJ, S.

3 below

104

0

+ 270 -H 97

-

Channel Islands

1 below

132

0

-1- 60 -H 77

Rainfall.

Bright

Sunshine.

a

^

»

k

S ^

Districts.

5 ° .

«.-

Is

•H-Ss

l=^gS

51!

•s.|

2

lis

tli

ill

Principal Wheat-pro-

Tenths of

Ins.

ducing Districts.

Inch.

0. Scotland, N. ...

3 less

135

23.6

26

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

6 less

93

11.8

33

34

2. England, N.E. ...

4 less

86

7.8

37

35

3. Ekgland, E. ...

2 less

79

9.0

42

43

4. Midland Cos. ...

5 less

76

9.4

43

38

5. England, S.

.5 less

73

9.0

53

42

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

8 less

104

20.1

39

37

7. England, N.W....

3 less

60

11.8

30

39

8. England, S.W....

3 less

79

10.9

66

49

9. Ireland, N.

3 more

102

16.2

29

35

10. Ireland, S.

7 less

64

13.5

40

43

— Channel Islands

3 less

87

9.6

79

63

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Aug. 15, is furnished from the
Meteorological Ofiice ; —

" The weather has continued (air as a whole iu
almost all parts of the kingdom ; in the extreme
north and north-west, however, slight falls of rain

August 20, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

231

have been very frequent, while on the 13th some
heavy showers were experienced in some parts of
south-eastern England.

"The temperature has been below the mean in all
districts, the deficit ranging from 1° in ' England,
S.,' and the ' Channel Islands ' to 5° in the ' Mid-
land Counties,' and 'England, N.W..' and to 6° in
' Scotland, N.' The highest of the maxima, which
were generally recorded on the 9th, varied from 62°
in • Scotland,' N.,' to 82° in 'England, S.W.,' and
86° in 'England, S.' The lowest of the minima,
which were registered either on the 14th or
15th, ranged from 33° over the west of England
and north of Ireland to 39° in ' Scotland, N.,'
and to 49° in the ' Channel Islands.' Over the
northern parts of Ireland and England the minima
were unusually low for the season, in many places
sharp ground frosts being experienced.

" The raitifaU has been less than the mean in all
districts. Over the southern parts of England and
Ireland the total amount has been very trifling.

"Bright sunshine shows a very general decrease,
the percentage of the possible amount of duration
ranging from between 26 and 40 in most of the more
northern districts to 66° in ' England, S.W.,' and to
79 in the ' Channel Islands.'"

MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 27. (AVERAGE
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

•Vug. 21 ...

... ei'.o

AU5.2D

.. ei^.o

.. 23 ...

... 61°.l

„ 26

.. 60°.9

„ 23 ...

... ei^.s

„ 27

.. 60°.8

„ 24 ...

. ... ei-.a

Mean for the week

.. 61°.2

Trade Notice

MESSES. NIEMAN, CORNISH & CO.
This firm, trading as florists and nurserymen at
Maida Vale and Orchard Street, 'W.,was ordered to be
wound up and a provisional liquidator appointed by
Mr. Justice Kekewich on August 17. The company was
formed with £10,000 capital, and the petitioner was a
judgment creditor for £114, and an ordinary creditor
for other sums amounting in the total to £2.S4.

Mrs. Jane Swan. — We regret to announce the
death of Mrs, Jane Swan, the wife of our corre-
spondent, Mr. W. Swan.

Enquiries.

"Ha that guestioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon.

The Willow Bose. — What is this? In Lindley's
Monograph a variety of R. indica is so named.

SwBET Chestnut. — What is the tree of which I
send you a specimen ? Is it a Turkey Oak gone
wrong in consequence of the drought ? Ealinq. [The
tree is a variety of the Sweet Chestnut, Castanea
vesca var. heterophylla of gardens. It probably
originated as a sport or bud-variation, and is propa-
gated by grafting. As an interesting variety it is
quite worth planting. Ed.]

Notices to Correspondents.

CycLAMEN ; Anxious. The tubers have all the ap-
pearance of having been injured by pouring water
from a spouted water-pot heavily on to the crown,
thereby breaking otF the leaf-stalks and causing
decay.

DisAs : //. K. The varieties of Disa grandiflora
sent are distinct, but the same are to be found
everywhere where a few specimens of it are grown.
If every grower named his specimens according to
his fancy much confusion would arise. The varie-
ties BarelU and grandiflora are recognised. The
orange-scarlet variety approaches Barelli,

BoTiBia Giuni ! Fruit, The unioa of two or mora

berries is not uncommon. It shows that part
of the bunch, at any rate, was not sufliciently
thinned.

Grapes : A. Y., Caen. The heaviest bunch exhibited
was Trebbiana (26 lb, 4 oz.), shown at Edinburgh,
and mentioned in our columns, September l8,
1875.

Insects ; F. W. B. We found no insect in the dried
up Chrysanthemum leaves, which are attacked in a
manner new to us. Please send some of the cater-
pillars to Professor Westwood, Oxford. From your
account the insects seem to live in colonies under
the leaves, and are consequently external feeders,
which is not in accordance with their only eating
the parenchyma. /. 0. W.

Medlar ; H. ij- C. Medlar not recognised.

Mountain Ash : H. tf- C. The galls on the leaves
are the work of an extremely minute mite (Phy-
toptus). Similar mites occasion the outgrowths
on Pear, Maple, Lime, and other leaves.

Names of Plants : (?. Watts. Eucomis punctata.
— H. M. D. 1, Bocconia cordata; 2, Echinops
sphoerocephalus. — J. F. Rosa cinnamomea. — Box.
1, not recognised; 2, Platanus orientalis var. ; 3,
Acer Negundo, variegated form; 4, Spartium jun-
ceum ; 5, Griselinia littoralis ; 6, Buddleia glo-
bosa ; 7, Iberis amara ; 8, Liriodendron tulipi-
fera, Tulip tree ; 9, Deutzia scabra ; 10, Liquid-
ambar styraciflua; 11, Deutzia: no flowers.
Another time send six only. — M. D. M. Acan-
thus spinosa. — Dickson. Dolichodeira tubiflora.
— J. Carter 4' (^o. Probably a species of Heli-
chrvsum, or allied genus, but without flowers
and some knowledge of its native country
we cannot name it. — Probtts. 1, we do not
identify ; 2, Achillea tomentosa ; 3, Sedum maxi-
mum ; 4, Campanula rotundifolia ; 5, Centaurea
dealbata ; 6, Digitalis lutea. — A. K, Caen. Pro-
bably Populus canescens. — C, Norwood. Your tree
is the common Ailantus glandulosa — a truly mag-
nificent tree, a native of China, but quite hardy. It
n'akes a first-rate town tree, bearing smoke and
ill treatment without injury, though in America it
is objected that the flowers — especially the male
flowers — smell unpleasantly; but here that is a
matter that need not be considered, as it is only
occasionally that the flowers are produced. — F. B.
Liquidambar styraciflua, not a Maple ; the leaves
turn of a rich scarlet or crimson in autumn. The
Oak is apparently the Lucombe variety — a variety
of the Q. cerris. — J. Taylor. Phormium tenax,
should be hardy in your locality.

Oephanum : D. We do not know by whom the
name was given. If a mere garden name it is
wrong in form, because garden names should not
have Latin or Greek names. If a botanical name
it would be preferable to write Orphanorum,
though in truth there is no such word as Orphanus
in Latin, and the Greek genitive would be Orpha-
nOa. But grammatical accuracy for our purposes,
though always desirable, is subsidiary to con-
venience. An English garden name implies
nothing; a Latin name, or pseudo-Latin name,
implies that the plant to which it applies has been
duly examined and registered by a botanical
expert, who makes himself responsible ; and if he
should prove to have sinned, then there is some
one to hang.

Pea Dukb of Albany : Hortus. This Pea, a green
wrinkled Marrow, is a selection from Telegraph.
It is better than Telephone, which is a white
wrinkled selection from the same variety. The
pods of the Duke are of a darker colour than those
of Telephone.

Potato Disease : H. F. See Gardeners' Chronicle.
vol. xxi., pp. 60, 121, 283, 349, 588, 615, 618, 649,
650; vol. xxii., p. 787 ; vol. xxiii., " Wet and Dry
Rot," p. 14; "Scab," p. 60; " Wilson Sclerotioid
Disease," p. 472.

Salix annularis: F. This variety, in which the
leaves are coiled, like a snail-shell, evidently ori-
ginated as a sport from the common Weeping
Willow. We have often seen it reverting to that
species.

Shropshirh Floral and Horticultueai, Show :
H. W. W. The report of this show, owing to want
of space, is postponed to our next issue.

Situation in Kew or Chiswick Gardens : J. G. W.
Make a written application to the Curator of the
first, or to the Superintendent of the second.

SowiNO SssD 0? Nepzta Glechoma: A, B. This,
being % hardy perennial, may be sown In Septem-

ber in pans, and kept in a cool pit during the
winter ; or in the open border in the months of
March and April.

Vine Leaves : D. F. T. Not Phylloxera, but warts,
the result usually of too close and moist an atmo-
sphere. Attend to ventilation.

Vines : G. W. H. We do not find .any Phylloxera,
but the roots look as if they had been destroyed
by the grub of a weevil or by wireworm. 'The
leaves have been subsequently attacked by red-
spider. We will examine more carefully at our
leisure, and let you know the result if diff'erent
from that afl'orded by cursory inspection.

WiHEwoBM (False), Polydesmus complanatus, on
Rose Beds and Vine Border : G. F. This creature
does not feed entirely on the roots of plants like
the true wireworm, Elater species, but eats more
or less of animal matter and decayed vegetation,
and consequently is less injurious to the horticul-
turist and farmer. The true wireworms have six
legs, never more, and a sucker foot at the end of
the tail ; the Polydesmus complanatus, or flattened
millipede, h.is many. The mode of proceeding
against these pests is the same for all. Applica-
tions of guano, soot, salt, &c., will drive them
away, and in the case of growing plants of annual
or biennial duration aftbrd manurial assistance, that
enables the plants to withstand their attacks better.
But a Vine border does not permit of such means
being adopted. The roots of vegetation, such as
grasses and other plants, and where such exist on
your Rose beds and Vine borders, should be forked
out and burnt, or mixed with g.as-lime, and if
the Vine roots are not close to the surface, it
may be pared to the depth of 3 inches, and the
pared-off soil at once burnt to destroy all life
within it ; but there must be no delay, or the wire-
worms, &c., will burrrow deep into the soil as they
do in winter. The border might then receive a
dressing of lime in the form of powder and soot.
The wireworm is frequently brought into gardens
with fresh turf from pastures which is full of these
creatures and others. It should be neatly stacked,
and where the presence of the wireworm is sus-
pected place gas-lime between the layers of turf.
This will destroy both animal and vegetable life,
and by the time the soil is wanted for use, the
action of the air and moisture will have converted
the lime into gypsum, which is serviceable as a
manure. No vegetation should ever be allowed to
grow on turf-heaps intended to be used for garden
plants, trees, &c.

CATALOGUES KECEIVED.

Louis DE Smet, Ledeburg-lez-Gand, Belgium—-
Supplement to General List and Orchids.

AuGUSTK v.iN Geert, Ghent, Belgium — Palms,
Orchids, Az.ale.a3, &c. ; also. Azaleas, Rhododen-
drons, and Camellias.

James Veitch & Sons. Royal Exotic Nursery, King's
Road, Chelsea, S.W. — Hyacinths.

Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, London, N, —
Bulbs and Winter Flowers.

Wm. Drummond & Sons, Stirling, N.B. — Bulbs.

B, S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,

Upper HoUoway, London, W. — Bulbs, Fruit

Trees, Roses, &o.
Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt, Germany— Flower Bulbs

and Roots.
Dickson & Robinson, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester

— Hyacinths and other Bulbous Roots.

C. F. CuoNE, Frankfurter AUee 134, Berlin 0., Ger-

many— Imported .and Est.ablished Orchids.
James Cocker & Son, Sunnypark, Aberdeen, N.B.

—Bulbs.
James Carter & Co.. 237 and 238, High Holborn,

London, W.C— Dutch Bulbs.
Edmund Philip Dixon, Hull — Bulbs, Strawberries,

Vines, and Spring Flowering Plants.

Oommumoatioks Received.— R. McL.— O. N. (if you have
been roasted alive for ten weeks and still survive, aa we are
Rlad to see, you must be pretty tough. Long may you keep
SjD— J. Rothschild.- H. E.— G. T. M. (many thanks).—
A. F. B.— J. T. B.— G. S. B. (yes, it not too long j (he neigh-
bourhood is phyto-geologically highly interesting from Pur-
beck'a to time present). — J. \V., Stranraer (many thanks). —
G. W. C. (next week).— E. P., Ghent.— Professor Henriquez,
Coimbra.— L. A. McK. (many thanks).— W. B.. Dublin.—
.T H. L., Wimbledon.— Oanon E.— W. T. T. D.— T. I., Cam-
bridge.—M. H., Hereford,— J. C. B., Salbris. France.- Dr.
Orii. Bennes. France.— C. T. D.— C. H. S.— J. B.— Dr. Stur-
tevant. New York.— J. W,— M. P. A., Sweden, (we regret to
Pay the Grapes arrived in too bad a state to enable us to
ludire Bv all means continue your ein^erimonts). — V. Dop-
plet (neit weeli).-H. VT. ■Wf.-O. F. -^.-D. H. E.-J. li,

232

THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

[August 20, 1887.

iMarkets.

COVENT GARDEN, August 18.
The soft fruit is now finished consequently our
Market is assuming a more quiet appearance, but
supplies generally are good, and hard fruits are
making fair prices. Trade for hothouse goods is
very quiet. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d. I a. d. s. d.

Apples, f sieve ... 1 3- 3 6 Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Plums, i-sieve ... 3 0- 4 0 Melons, each ... 1 6- 3 0

Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 2 6 Peaches, dozen ... 2 0- 8 0
— Channel Isl.. lb. 0 6- 1 3 Pine-apples. Eng. ,1b. 10-30
Kent Filberts, 100lb.40 0-50 0 1 —St. Michael, each 2 0-50

Vegetables— Average Retail Prices.
. d. s. d.

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ... 4 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch. ,, 0 &- ...
Peas, per quart ... 1 6- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50

Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...

Spinach, per bushel... 5 0- ...

Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...

Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 &- ...

Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...

Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2- ...

Potatos.— Jerseys about finished. Rents, 2s. Gd. to As. per

bnahel; Cherbourgs, 4s. to 6s. ; Roses, 5s. to 6s. ; Beauties,

6s. to 7s. per cwt. Markets heavy.

Plants vx Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d. I s.d. s.d.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-18 0 , Fuchsias, doz,

Artichokes, p. doz.... 4 0-
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb.... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 1 ft- 2 0
Cucumbers, each ...0 0-10
Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 2 0-50
Lettuce. Cos., each... 0 3- ...

Asters, per di
Balsams, per dozen
Calceolaria, dozen ...4 0-9 0
Cj-perus, per dozen . 4 0-12 0
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30 0-60 0

— viridis, per doz. 9 0-24 0
Euonym'

Heliotrope, dozen ...4 0-8 0

3 0-60 Hydrangeas, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
" " ' Ilium longiflorum,

per dozen 18 0-24 0

per dozen .
Evergreens,

per dozen ,
Ferns, in vari

dozen

. 6 0-18 0

6 0-24 0

ety, per

4 0-18 0

Ficus elastica. each .16-70
Foliage plants.

•ifolii

Lobelias, dozen
Mignonette, doz.
Musk, per dozen
Myrtles, per dozen
Palms,
Pelargoi

9 0-18 0

3 0-40

4 0-60
2 0-40
6 0-12 0

each 2 6-21 0
dozen 6 0-12 0

— scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

— Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40
Rhodanthe, dozen ... 6 0- 9 0

ous, each

, 2 0-10 0 : Scented Verbena,doz. 4 0-60

Cut Flowers. — Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons. 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Asters, 12 bunches...

— French, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 blms.

— dozen bunches...
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Jasmine, white, bun.
LiUum longiflorum,

12 blooms

— lancifolium,12bl.
Lavender, 12 bun. ...
Marguerites, 12 bun.

2 0-40

3 0-50
3 0-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 6-10
3 0-60
10-20
3 0-60
3 0-60

3 0-60
16-20

4 0-50
3 0-60

Mignonette, 12 bun. 1 0-
Myosotis, 12 bun. ... 2 0-
Pelargoniums,12spr. 0 6-

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 4-
Pinks, coloured and

white, 12 bun. ... 2 0-
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0-
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6-

— coloured, dozen. 0 6-

— red.perdozen ... 0 6-

— Saifrano, dozen... 0 6-
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0-
Tropseolums, 12 bun. 1 0-
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 6-

FBTTIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London) : August 17. — Good
supplies of fruit and vegetable, with a fair demand
at moderate prices. Potato trade brisk Quotations :
— Plums, hs. to 75. per sieve ; Green Gages, 35. ^d.
to 55. per half-sieve ; black Currants, 35, Qd. to 45.
do.; red, 35. to 35. 9^. do.; Gooseberries, 2s. ^d. to
35. M. do. ; black Cherries, 3s. 3f^. to 3s. 6fZ. do. ;
Raspberries, Ad. to bd. per pound ; Tomatos, 25. to 4s.
per dozen pounds ; Apples, 2s. to 4s. ^d. per bushel ;
Pears, 28. to 65. do. ; frame Cucumbers, 25. to 4s. Q>d. per
dozen ; field ditto, 6(^.10 Is. do. ; Vegetable Marrows,
1«. Zd. to Is. 6c^. do. ; Broad Beans, Is. 9c?. to 35.
per sieve ; French Beans, 5s. to 6s. do. ; Scarlet Beans,
65. to 7s. do. ; Turnips, 5s. to Qs. per dozen bunches ;
Carrots, 2*!. to 35, do.; Mint, Ss, to. bs. do. ; Parsley,
2s. to 3s. do. ; Onions, 1;:, 6f/, to 25, ^d. do. ; Lettuces,
Sd. to \s. per score.

Stratford: August 16, — The market has been
well supplied with all kinds of produce, and trade
was done at the undermentioned quotations: — Cab-
bages, 4s. to 5s, &d. ]>er tally ; Carrots, household,
3s. per doz. bundles; Turnips, 40s. per ton ; Mangels
(new), 30s. to 40s. do,; Apples, 2s. 6rf. to 55. per
bushel ; Beans (runners) 4s. to 55. per sieve ;
Marrows, Is, ^d. to 2s, per dozen ; Cucumbers, 3.t. to
3s. iSd. per flat ; Plums, 65. to 75, per bushel ; Horse
Radish, \s. 3d. per barrel ; Green Gages, 55. to Gs. per
basket.

PEAT — PEAT — PEAT. —
Very superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
addre93, ait moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Mascal Estate. North Cray, Kent.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs, Aphis. Lice. Red Spider. Thrip. Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, dc, <£c.
PFdrFPTLY ) *^ ^^^ Hands and Skin, but will cure
i-Enrcbii., I Hing worm in Animals, and all Diseases
HARMLESS } produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A coml)i nation of Hydrocarbon Oils, made Roluble in
WatiT, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Ituots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists. Is. Rd, Tp. Gl, &■ Is.Gd;

f, gallon 7s. 6d, 1 gallon I2s. Gd, or less in hu tr-i quitntities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL ps an INSECTICIDE,

its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

VTholnsale: Hoopf.p. & Co.; Ckrv. Sopfr. Vowj.ku k Co.;
C. E. OsMAN & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chant'' and "Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. NEW
YORK— RoLKEB & Sons.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

Throws a fine
spray 20 ft., and
a jet SO ft., with
great farce.

A splendid
substitute for the
Syringe for using
Insecticide, Price
25s. A larger
size for watering
j)urj>oses, 45«.
Carriage Paid.

HUGHES'

f'APHICIDE

Free
Is. 8d.

Glass Houses. HUvJiritw

GREEN&CREAWCOLORSHADING

Convenient, Inesrensive— Easily applied — Lasts all the

Summer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas, tj | | ^%LJ 6*0'

&c., and tor Cut Flovers. nUVirlbW

FLORAL CEMENT.

A ereat boon t^. Florists and all lovei-s of Flowers. Driea
instantly. .'*nld in bottles. Is. Si 2s. I'er post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For I'n \-.-iit!ii;T "\'iii'>s P.l.r.liiiL.- ;iftvr rnmintr.
VeryelTectiial in luevpnlinp: the H.nv of ~ip in Viiu-s being

wmted. In bottli-s l/G and 2/1). IV-r jiost, M. rxtr.!.
For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, UIIPIJCC'
Crickets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nUwrl t<9

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses,— for Animals and lied
< lothing. Trice. Cd.. Is. & 2/1!. Per po.-t .'Id. extm.

• E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, "l'll'fyl,'i!^r!'''

(^'OTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. eacli, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 207^
CLAY & LEVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

^.B^^^^^^s^^

WEED-KILLER, for destroying Weeds on CarriaRe Drires,
Garden Walks, Stable Yards, &c. Prices :— Per gallon, 2s.,
tins included ; 5 gallons, \s. 6d. per gallon ; 10 gallons, Is. 4rf.
per gallon. One gallon makes 26 gallons.

WORM-KILLEE. for eradicating worms from Tennis
Courts, Lnwns, and Plants in Pots. Prices :— In bottles.
Is. Zd. and 2s. 6rf ; per gallon, 6s.

THE " INVICTA " INSECTICIDE.

For destroying insects and parasites, such as mealy-bug,
scale, thrips, red spider, American blight, &c. In tins, Is. 3a,
and 2s. 6d. ; per gallon, 9s.

The "INVICTA" MILDEW DESTROYER

An unfailing remedy for mould and mildew on Rosey, ^'incs, &c.

In bottles, l.s

Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers,

THE AGKI-HORTICULTUEAL CHEIVnCAl COMPANY,
TONBRIDGE, KENT.

Sold by Seedsmen and Florists.
Note. — There is no branch of our business at Glasgow or
elsewhere, and we are not connected with any company of a
similar name.

GISHLTRST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water: 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, 1.?., 3s.. and 10s. 6rf.

GISHTJRSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and Is., from the Tmde.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

THE THANATOPHORE. — New Patent
Apparatus for Steaming Tobacco Juice. To be Sold cheap,
only used twice, having no further use for it. Apply to
J. OSBORNE, Gardener, Wilton House. Southampton.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street. London, E.C.

Fourteen Silver -^^^^^ Medals.

AWARDED ^^^^^^ "^^

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare, Manufacturer of TERRA COTTA
VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS. BORDER
TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from 1 to 30 inches
diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green ; ORCHID,
PERN, SEED, and STRTKING-PAKS. RHUBARB and SEA-
KALE POTS, &c.

Price List post-free. Book of Designs. Is. M.

GARDEN SHADINGS, scrim, 'hessian,'

RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, PEAT,

SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, &c.,

At very Lowest Prices.

CATALOGVt: OH AIVI.ICATION.

JAMES T^ANDERSON,

136, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E

Adoost 20, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

233

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PASK ISONWOBKS, STOURBRIDGE,

The Best

and Quickest

Made.

. Expansion Joint Hot-w Her p pe^ i feet lODg 4s 3d each;
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes m feet long 4s bd each
Fidl Illustrated HevUed Prite List on apphcattyn

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The- above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for I'lant Growiug, and every one with a garden should
possess oue. The sashes turn right over one ou to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0

12 fet-t long. 4 feet wide „ 4 15 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, „ ,, 3 15 0

12 feet long, 5 feet wide , 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

CO.,

R. HALLIDAY &

Hothouse Builders and Engine*
EOT^VL HOETICULTUEAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,

2, Holloway Road, N.

Basber's Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
ftorts are specially suited for
J KITCHEN GAKDENS, a3
they harbour
Insects, take up little
and once put down
further labour or expense,
do " gro%vn " Edgings, con
quently being much cheapei
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, liUickfriary, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS,
niustmted Price LISTS Free by Post, The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walla of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

OILVER SAND,

k^ fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. EOSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Kail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

TCL^fcSSHeUSES8c»EATI^^

B-W.WA-R«U-KST

.SlA. BKA070BT ■TKEET. CHEI.SBA, S.W^

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOKEDITCH, LONDON, E.

Hot-water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
4-inch Pipes at l5. 6rf. per yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

and all otber kinds of
BOILEBS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &c.

Qll VFQTFR'^ ^■A-'J^ENT STEEL TBENTHAM BOILER is far i\i>t best, cheapest, ami

01 LV LO I Ln 0 most economical Hot-tcater Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring

jierfect combustion saves fuel a,ni prevents smoke, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete ; efficiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACHINERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, Sfc.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Static

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

1.5 oz. 21 oz.

13J by 8} for 10/-

tor 14/-

12 „ 9

, 10/-

„ 11/-

13 „ 10

■ 11/-

.. 15/'

14 „ 10

, 13/-

„ iw-

14 „ 12

■ 17/6

„ ■■HI-

13

31/-

or 300 squares 15 ounce. 8 by 6,
or 250 squares 8^ by 6^, or 220
squares, 9^ by 6^. or 170 squares,
9 by 7^, or 160 squares. 10 by 8,
20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders

12 .. 24/-

r£3.

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready nliied tor use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5d. per pound. Special quotations
given tor large quantities.

J. B. BOBINSOir,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,

14, Moor Lane, Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Regidtered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the coat.

Used in all London Parka, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. Qd. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, Is. 8d. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.

/y A TT^Tf) A7 Every cask bears the above Registered

^-^ t^ -i -£ \JJ.y . Trade Mark. Beware of cheap
imitations.

HILL & SMITH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118. Queen Victoria Street, London, £.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneoua
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

CONTBACTOBS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAB, DEPARTMENT.

THE Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" HOTWATER," LONDON),
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

wltU Waterway End.

From 20 Incliea to 66 Inches long.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, AND CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, 11th Edition, price Is.

Price LIST on application Free.

HOT-WATER AND HOT-AIR APPARATUS

ERECTED COMPLETE, OB THE MATEiUAL SUPPLIED.

234

THE OJBDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[AcousT 20, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged r[5 Uco.

4 Lines . . £0

3

0

5

, .. 0

3

6

6

, ., 0

4

0

7

, .. 0

4

(i

8

, .. 0

5

0

9

, .. 0

6

ti

10

, .. 0

0

u

11

, .. 0

6

0

18

, .. 0

7

u

13

, .. 0

7

(S

li

, .. 0

8

0

15 Lines,

16 „ .

17 „ .

18 „ .

19 „ .

20 „ .

21 „ .

22 „ .

23 „ .

24 „ .

25 „ .

£0 8
0 9
0 9
0 10
0 10
0 11
0 11
0 12
0 12
0 13
0 13

AND SISPE:*CE Fon EVGRr .
If 3et acro55 two Columns, the lowest charze will be 20s.
I set acroH three Columns, the lowest charge will be .30s.
Pa?e, £^: Hilf P.iS!e, f 1 105. ; Column. £ ;.

QARDS^JEaS and OTHERS WANriNG SITOATIONS.

36 worJs, incluling name nnl allress. Is. «J.,
ani 6i. tor every adilitional line (about 9 words) or part
of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTi MUST

This scale does not apply to

Situations, which i

PREPAID,

ts of Vacant
;1 at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTfCE. — Adaartiiers are cautumei
against having Litters addressed to Initials at Post-o^ices, at
ai/ Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities ana
returned to the sender.

BISTH3, Deaths ani M.VRRrAGES. 55. each insertion.

Adoertisements for the current loiek MU3T reach the OJiei

by Thursday noon.

AU Subscriptions Payable In Advanoa.

The U.yilED K[Sano«: 12 Mjuths, 153.; 6 .Months,

7s, 6d.; 3 Mjiiths, 33, 9d,

Foreign (esc^ptiu^ InUa ani Cliiui); including Postage,

173. 6d. for 12 .Mjaths; Inlia and China. 193. 64,

Post-ofEce Orders to bo made p.ayable at the Post O.Bie,

42, DRtTRr LVNE, Vf.C to W. ElOHARDS.

PoBLisHiNO Office and Office for AovEETiSEMEsrs,
41, Wellington Street. Strand. London, W.C.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

)RTICUI.TURAL BUILDERi

121 BUNHILL EOW LONDON, £ C

W H LASCELLFs aid CO will g ve Estimates tor lery
de^nptionof HOPlILLLriKAL W OKK free of charge ani
Bend competent a s tants when necessary

LASCELLES. NEW EOCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121. Bunhill Row, London. E.G.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walla, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GEATEFUL-COMFORTINQ.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Kailway Accidents, Emplovt-r's Liatjilitv, insured against by the

RAILWAY PA,S.SEXGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY, 64, ComhiU, London. Income, £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350,000. Mod*v
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Cliairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. ; Head
OtBce, 64, Oornhill, London, E.G.

WILLIAM J, VIAN, Secretary.

Price 6d free by post 7d. Obtainable of all Booksellers,

WATER FOR NOTHING. Every House its
own Water Supply. By Shirley Hibberd.
" An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heavens' brink,"— KEAT3.
London : E. W, ALLEN, 4, Ave Maria Lane, E.C.

T ONDON WEATHER CHART. By B. G.

Li Je.<KIS9, F,R.A,S. All engaged in Agriculture should

consult this practically reliable Forecast of English Weather

to December 31. Price 6Jrf., post-free.

K. MORGAN, Publisher, Wcstow iHn-r

3,1, S.E,

^^VrANTED, a PARTNERSHIP, in Estab-

VV lished Seed Business.— State full particulars in con-
fidence to J. K.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C.

Co vent Garden Market, W.C.

P.-VRTNER WANTED. Whole attention
required. Must be adapted to tlie business, and be
energetic— G. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

ANTED, a HEAD WORKING

GARDENER, in Gloucestershire, with Wife, who will
do the Laundry Work of a Country House.— Apply by letter to
Kli'ti, Messrs. Dawson & Sons, 121, Cannon Street, London, E.C.

WANTED, a GARDENER. Must be married,
without children. Wife to keep the gate and be
willing to give assistance in the house when required. Both
must be abstainers. —MATRON, Convale>cent Home. Stan-
more. Middlesex. _^_^

WANTED, a practical Man as SINGLE-
HANDEU GAEDENER, who tlioronghly understands
Kitchen and Flower Garden, Greenhouse, Vines. &c. An in-
telligent, quick, hard-working man, married, age 30 to 35. with
limited family. Eeferences as to character indispensable.- For
further particulars, apply, C. C. E., Tansley Wood. Matlock.

ANTED, NURSERY FOREMAN, Out-

door. Thoroughly practical. Good character.—
Apply, stating age, -with copies of testimonials, salary, &c.. to
JOHN PERKINS asd SON, Billing Eoad Nurseries, North-
ampton.

WANTED, for the North, a good Indoor
PROPAGATOR, and to take charge of Glass under
nursery manager. Must be good at making up Bouquets,
Wreaths, and Table Decorations.- Apply, stating salary, age,
and experience, with references, to Y, Z., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

Rose Grower.

WANTED, a thoroughly experienced ROSE
GROWER to take entire Charge of Growing. Prop,a-
gating. Dispatching Orders, and Exhibiting.— .\pplv, in the
first instance, to ROSE GliOWER, Gardeners' CAronicte Office,
41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Applications treated
with strict confidence.

WANTED, a steady respectable MAN, to
Manage a Country Seed Bnsiness.- T. COOKE, Rope-
maker and Seedsman, Peterborough.

ANTED, a SHOPMAN, in the Seed Trade,

also to Assist in Travelling locally amongst the
Wholesale and Market Gardeners. Unexceptional references
required. — Full particulars, stating age, experience, and salary
required, to FRANK T.iTES, Seedsman, Nottingham.

Carman.

AAr ANTED, a thorough good steady MAN.

V \ Must understand Furnishing ami Win.lowbox Filling.
Wages 28! —G, D. TAVINEE, Florist, Bayswater Hill, W.

GAUDENING APPOINTMENT.

Mr, John Rainbow, late Foreman at Jodrell
Hall, has been appointed Head Gardener to Sir
Chablf.s H. Tempest, Bart.. Bronghton Hall,
Skipton-in-Craven, Y'orkshire.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers. Subscribers, and
Others. — It is veru important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in pamble at No. -12. DRURV LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B.—The best and sajest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Gardeners.
''rnOMAS KENNEDY and CO. have on

X their Keeister a number of first-class GARDENERS,
FORESTERS. &c.. wishing engagement, and will be glad to
furnish particulars to any one in want of same.— THOMAS
KENNEDY AND CO.. 108, High Street. Dumfries, N.B.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery aad upon bis Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladteo and Qentlemeu requiriug any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the oeat eelectiona for the
different capacltien will be mado.— Holloway, N.

SCOTCH GARDE NEKS.

—John Downie, Seedsman. 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his List a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagemeots. He will be pleased to
supply full particulars to auy Lady. Nobleman, or Gentleman
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of te'^ted ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for tirat-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHN LAING
AND SONS, The Nurseries. Fore=it Hill. S.E.

Gardeners. Under Gardeners. Bailiffs, &c.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SUN have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whose characters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
can recommend eis to abilities, &c.— liadies and Gentlemen re-
quiring either of the above can be suited with reliable, first-class
men by applying to Wm. Cutbush & Son, Highgat* Nurseries, N.

1> I C H A R D S M I T H and Ca
V beg to announce that they are con-stantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply auy Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
tc— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also anotlier MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

GARDENER (Head).— Married when suited;
thoroughly understands Vines, Early and Late Forcing,
Flowers, Kitchen Garden, &c.— J. H., Crouch Lane. Winkfield,
Berks.

GARDENER (Head); age 31, married, two
children. — A Lady will recommend the advertiser to
any one requiring a practical trustworthy man. — W., 18, Hill-
side Grove, Chase Road, Southgate, N.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 32.— The Right

Hon. the Earl of Latham's Gardener, Mr. HathawaY,
would be pleased to recommend a good practical Gardener,
with excellent character, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring
• ne.— La*ham House, Ormskirk.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 27, married when
suited. — W. Johnstone, Bayham Abbey Gardens,
Lamberhurst, Kent, can highly recommend his Foreman to any
Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical Gardener. Wagei
expected, about £65, with house, &c.

( -* ARDENER (Head), where three or four
VX are kept; age 30.— \V. Rye, Sueyd Park, Bristol, can
with confidence recommend his Foreman as above. Has been
with him five years. Thoroughly practical botli Indoor and
Out.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married.—
A Gf.NTLEMAN can recommend his Gardener as a good
all-round man; thoroughly practical and trustworthy. Five
years in present situation ; nineteen years' experience. —
JOSEPH TIMSON, Shirley Croft, Grantham.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three are
kept. — Age 28, married ; understands the Forcing of
Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &i'. ; also the Manage-
ment of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Gardening in gene-
ral. Good characters from first-class places.— F. DEBNAM,
Betteshanger Gardens, Sandwich.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30. — Mr.
Clarke, Gardener, Lowther Castle. Penrith, has very
great pleasure in recommending his Foreman, Wm. Webber,
to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, who may be in want of
a thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, with excellent
references from previous employers.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married, two
children. Abstainer. Twenty-one years' experience in
the Cultivation of Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Cucumbers,
Melons, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants— Ferns, Roses,
Orchid-<i, Chrysanthemumi, Flower and Kitchen Gardening,
Early and Late Forcing. Unexceptional references. — GAK-
DENER, Price, Florist, Ewell Road. Surbiton.

ARDENER (Head Working), where three

or four are kept, and where Gardening is cherished. —
Age 30, married. Total abstainer.— E. ISAACS, Shenfield
Road, Reading.

(^ ARDENER (Head Working), where
T three or more are kept.— Age 31 ; married, no incum-
brance. Seventeen years' experience in First-class establiah"
ments. First-class testimonials as to character and ability. —
Q. B., Mr. A. Bishop, Westley Hall, Bury St. Edmunds.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Four years

Orchid Grower. Thorough practical knowledge of Early
and Late Forcing. Fruit and Flowers, and the Management of
a good Garden.— J. PAYNE, Mr. Jewel's. 11, High Street,
Lewisham, Kent.

ARDENER (Head W^orking) ; age 27.—

Mr. DAVIE3. Gardener to A. O. Walker, E^q.. The Lead
Worlt*, Chester, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman,
E. T. Jones, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical
Gardener. Two years' good character.

ARDENER (Head Working); age 32,

married.— A Gentleman giving up wishes to recom-
mend his Head Gardener as a thorough practical man in all
branches. Fruit Culture a specialty.— H. T., Fullbrooks,
Worcester Park, Surrey.

Adodst 20, 1887.]

THE GAFDENEHS' CHRONICLE.

285

GARDENER (Head Wobkinq).— Age 38,
luarriod, no family; good experience in Stove nnd
Greenhouse Plants. Forcing, Fruit, Flower and Kitchen
Ganleni. Good reference. — D. L., Messra. Veitch & Son,
Exotic Nursery. Exeter.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 40,
married, tliree in family ; twenty-tivc years' experience
in all branches of Gardening. Fruit Culture a specialty.
Excellent character from present and previous employers —
W. WEST, Sands Clavtou, E=q., Chipperfield, King's Langley.
Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
three or four are kept. — Age 31; married, no family.
Thoroughly understands Gardening in all its branches. Seven-
teen yeara' experience. Good character from present and
previous employers.— C. G., 24, Hope Cottage, Lower Whit-
worth Road, Plumstead. Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working).— A Gentle-
MAN will be pleased to recommend his late Gardener,
who lived with him four years, to any one requiring the
services of a thoroughly reliable aud competent man. Fifteen
years' experience. Abst,iiuer.— H. EDWARDS. 59, Shirland
Road. Maida Vale, London, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 30,
married, no family.— Mr. HiSLOP, Gardener to J.
Watson, Esq.. M.P,, Berwick House, Shrewsbury, has very
great pleasure in recommending his Foreman, E. Evaus, to
any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, who may be in want of a
thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, with excellent
reference^! from previous employers.

ARDENEU (Head AVobking;. — J. C.

Cowley, Gardener to F. G. Taiitz. Esq., Studley House.
Shepherd's Bush, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman,
Thomas Stevens, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a prac-
tical Gardener. Has had great experience with Orcliids,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden
Work. Three years' good character. —T. STEVENS, Studley
House, Shepherd's Bush. W.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
SiSGLE-HAXDED).— Single ; experinced both in Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. Total ab>tainer.
At liberty.— H. TO.MS, So, Raphail Street, Knightsbridge. S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working), or ORCHID
GKOWER. — Sixteen years' experience in every branch,
especially Orchids and Choice Plants. Thoroughly recommended
by one of the best horticulturists in Englant. Excellent
character.— GAEDEXBR, S, Parade, Church Koad, Teddiug-
ton, S.W.

/TJ_ARDENEK(HEAD),or ORCHID GROWER.

Vlfl —Age 39, married. you.nge-t child age 10 ; thoroughly
practical. Good experience. Well recommended. — HEAD
GARDENER, Forest View, Chigwell Row, Essex.

GARDENER, good. — Understands his duties.
Four years' good character. Poultry or Land not objected
to. Wife good at Laundry and Dairy.— J. CARLTON, High
Brooms, Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

GARDENER. — A Gentleman ■wishes to re-
commend a Gardener.— Apply for particulars to Rev. L.
KYDE, 6.'!, Ladbroke Grove Road, Netting Hill, W.

p A R D E N E R; age 40, married.— Isaac

vH" Matthews & Son wish to recommend a thorough
practical man as Gardener. Well up in his profession. Good
references. — Apply for further particulars to The Nurseries,
Milton, Stoke-on-Trent.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him ; age 36, married, four children.— A Gextle.man
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses, Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons, Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING. Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

ARDENER (Fruit and Kitchen).— Age 30,

married ; thorough practical. Sixteen years' experi-
ence in all branches of Gardening. Well understands Budding,
Grafting, Pruning, and Vegetibles. Would not object to sgme
Glass. Good character. Abstainer.— WALTER HARVEY,
Willow Row, Spalding.

GARDENER (good Single-handed). — Age
3*5. no family ; well up in Early and Late Forcing. Wife
good Laundress. — S. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

GARDENER (good Single - handed, or
where help is given).— Age 26; married, two children;
food practical all-round Gardeuer, steady and active. Can
ave good character from present and previous employers. —
H., 7. Newport Road, Burgee Hill, Sussex.

ARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 29,

married, one child ; good experience in Greenhouses and
Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Two and a half years' character.
—J. R., 13, Edith Villas, Kaynham Koad, Upper Edmonton.

ARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 26,

single; has a fair knowledge of Gardening all round.
Hard working and obliging. Can produce good testimonials.
Highly recommended.— F. JIETHERELL, 20, Salisbury Road,
Highgate Hill, London. N.

ARDENER (Single-handed, or Under).

— Age 31 . married, no family ; understands Glass, Flowers,
Vines, and Kitchen Garden. Good reference. — J. B., Long-
cliff Terrace, Kegworth, Derby.

GARDENER, where two or three are kept, or
Secoxd in a large establishment.— Age 22, single; five
years' good character. Seven years' experience. Suburbs of
London preferred.— G. STUART. Milton Cottage, Winchester
Road, Fortswood, Southampton,

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second).
—Age 26, single; two Years' good character.— .1. W.,
31. Fleet Road. Hampstead. N.W.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed).
— Ago 25 : tea ) ears' experience in all branches of the
profession. Good charaeter.— McLAREN, 54, Avorv Row,
Bond Street, London, W.

GARDENER (Under), in good establishment,
in the Houses; no objection to a part out. — Age 18;
good reference.— J. R. WATSON, Branston Hall, Lincoln.

ARDENER (Under).- Age 20; live years'

experience Inside aud Out. Good character from late
employers.— J, RUSSELL, 0, Maida Vale, Paddington, W.

p ARDENER (Under).— Age 17 ; willing to

or Learn. Good references.- W. WOOD, " Rising Sun."
Billingshurst.

ARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN

in the Houses.— Has been eight years in the General
Work. Good reference. — J. W.. Little Gaddesden House,
Berkhampstead.

OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23 ; nearly

three years with Mr. T. Lockie, Oakley Court. Windsor.

with good references.— R. WADHAJI. Steeple Aston. Oxford.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN.— Age ;.'5; well up in Roses,
Fruits. Budding, Gnfting, Training, Hose Grafting, &c.,
and General Nursery Work. — T. NASH, Barrack Road,
Hounslow, Middlesex.

FOREMAN.— J. Evans, Gardener to A. Akers-
Douglas. Esq., M.P., can with every confidence recom-
mend his Foreman, F. Lupton, to any Gardener requiring an
energetic and trustworthy man. Good knowledge of Plants
and Fruit.— Address, Chilston Park. Maidstone.

I ■'OREMAN ; age 26.— Mr. Tayloii, Langley
House Gardens, can with every confidence recommend
his Foreman, H. Brickell (who has been with him for the last
six years), to any Gardener requiring a thoroughly trustworthy
man, —Full particulars on application to Mr. TAYLOR,
Langley House, Slough, Bucks.

ROUND FOREMAN (Working), where

Fruit Trees are largely grown. — Age 30, married; six
years' good character from present situation.— POMONA, Mr.
Cannon, Lee's Nursery, Ealing.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market,

or otherwise,— Age 30; well up in all branches of the Cut
Flower and Plant Trade. — B. E. E., 7, Gatteridge Strett,
Banbury, Oxon.

ROPAGATOR (Assistant), Indoor or Out,

in a good establishment. — Four and a half years' refer-
en:'e from old-established firm. — Address with terms to
BRIGGS, Courtland's, Sandrock Road, Tunbridge Wells.

UERN and PALM GROWER. — Age 24;

-L seven years' experience in Market Growing. Good
references —W. P., 3o, Uptsrue Koad, King's Boad, Chelsea.
London, S.W.

PALM or FERN GROWER.— Age 2.3 ; good
character and experience.- A, B., i. New James Street.
Peckham Kye, London. S.E.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in
a good establishment. — Age 22; eight years' experience
among Flowers anri Fruit. Good references. — C. B., 4, Grove
Terrace, Church End, Fiuchley, N.

JOURNEYMAN (First), or Second in a
good establishment. — Age 21, single; nine years' expe-
rience, with excellent character. Leaving to gain further
kTiowledge under Glass. — For further particulars apply to
F. KELHAM, Bardon Hill, Leicester.

JOURNEYMAN, or SECOND GARDENER,
in a good establishment.- Age 24; three and a half
years in last place — five previaus. Can be well recommended
by last and previous employers.— -A LUSBY, 137, Sydney
Street, King's Koad, Chelsea, S.W.

JOURNEYMAN, PROPAGATOR or PALM

tf GROWEB in gentlem-au's establishment or nursery.— Age
27; good character.— H. KOBIXSOX, 5, Upton Park Koad,
Forest Gate. Essex.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,—
Age 20; five years in present situation. G;ood character.
— W. SEBLEY, The Gardens, Woodhall Park, Hertford.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses. — Age 24;
six years' good character.- G. WITHAM, The Gardens.
How Hatch, Brentwood, Essex-

OURNEYMAN, in Houses.— Age 21;

two years in last situation. Good character.— G. FUL-
FORD, The Gardens, Sunningdale Park, gunningdale, Berks.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses,- Age 21 ;

tJ five years' good experience in OrchidSj^Ferns, Palms, &c.
Good knowledge of Propagating. Excellent references. Bothy
preferred.— F. D., 1»a, Moiitpelier Road East, Twickenham.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses. — Age 20;
fj five and a half years' experience in Growing Vinea,
Cucumbers, Plants, and Cut Flowers, &c. Good character
from last situation. — A. MILLAR, 1, Park Terrace, St.
Leonard's Road, Eastbourne.

JOURNEYMAN (Second), in a good establish-
ment; a^e 22.— Mr. Taylor, Langley House Gardens,
will be pleased to recommend a young man, who his been in
present situation over two years. — Particulars on appli-
c-ition to Mr. TAYLOR. Langley House, Slough, Bucks.

IMPROVER. — Age 17 ; has been two years in
a Nobleman's Garden. Willing to give £10 Premium.
Bothy preferred.— JAMES BAKER, Wytham, Oxford.

IMPROVER, in Gentleman's Garden.— Age 16 ;
strong. Has had some experience. Wagas not so much an
object as gaining a thorougli knowledge of Gardening. —
J. KEEP, Watereud, North Mimms. Herts.

T^O NURSERYMEN or GARDENERS.—
Wanted a situation by a young man (age 21), in Nursery
or Garden Houses. Nine years' experience in the above work.
Good Tree man. Propagator, Budder, Bouquet Maker and
general man. Excellent character. — J. HURRELL, Brixton,
near Plympton.

''PO FLORISTS. — Young man seeks a situation

-L in Nursery. Age 21; six years' experience in Fruit,
Flowers, and general Market stuff. — G. BALDWIN, 7,
Road, Belvedere, S.E.

TO GARDENERS.— Wanted, by a Youth,
(age 17), a situation under a Gardener. Abstainer. Good
character. Has had some experience. — J. B., Gardener's
Cottage. Ferudale Road. Brixton, S.W.

n^O GARDENERS.— Mr. Roche, Gardener to

X. Lord Stafford, Cossey Hall. Norwich, ■\\ill be pleased to
recommend to any Gardener a man for Inside or Outside Work.
Age 25; churchman.

To NURSERYMEN, &c.— A young man,
about 18, with experience in Nursery and able to Drive
well.— SMAIL AXD CO., 23, Lime .Street, City, E.G.

SALESMAN or GROWER.— Experienced in
both Shop and Nursi-ry Work. Good references. —
G. D. G., Gardeners' Chro/iicle OfTice, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

TNVOICE CLERlPand FOREIGN CORRE-

X SPONDENT (French, German, and English).— Age 25 ;
good knowledge of Plant and Seed Trade. Apprenticed to the
former. Can be highly recommended. London preferred- —
G. E.. Seahrook &. Co., Swanley Junction, Kent.

YfANAGER, HEAD SHOPMAN, or

1*X TRAVELLER.— The advertiser is open for an engage-
ment as above, having had twenty years' nrst-class practical
experience in all branches o! the trade in London and Pro-
vincial Houses.— C. D., Messrs. Hurst &. Son, 152, Hounsditch,
London, E.G.

ANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN, in the

Retail Seed Trade. — Thoroughly conversant in all
branches of the Business. First-class references. — H. J. W,,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

To Seedsmen and Florists.

MANAGER, SHOPMAN, or any position of
trust. — Age 27 ; thoroughly versed in all branches of the
trade. Unexceptional references. —FICUS. Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN, or FIRST COUNTER HAND.

O — .4ge 24; sis years' lirst-class experience. Accustomed
to a brisk Counter Trade.— H. PAGE, .Messrs. Thomson, 20.
High Street. Birmingham.

SHOPMAN or WAREHOUSEMAN. — A
Seedsman (Scotchman, age 23) desires re-engagement as
Shopman or Warehouseman: nine years' practical experience
in Seed and Bulb Trade. First-class references.— DAPHNE,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand.W.C.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; live years'
experience. Good knowledge or Plant and General
Nursery Stock and Seed Trade in all branches. — Mr.
HARDING. St. Neot's. Hunts.

URSERY TRADE.— Advertiser, who has

had several years' experience in both Office and Outdoor
Work, seeks an engagement with a good firm. Can fill a good
all-round place, taking entire charge if required. Good Book-
keeper and Correspondent. Highest references as to ability
and trustworthiness. — W. M., 19, Winslade Road, Upper
Clapton, London, E.

0 THE NURSERY and SEED TRADE.—

Situation of trust wanted by a well educated young man
Cage 25). Used to Selling. Good Correspondent. Well ex-
perienced in Plants and Nursery Work. Can Solicit Orders. —
F. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

ORTICULTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN and

HOT- WATER ENGINEER —A man of great experience.
Good at Designs, Estimating, Heating, Details, &c. Has had
experience in Glazing without putty, Landscape Gardening,
and all work connected with the business. Moderate salary. — ■
A. Z., 74, Fosberry Road, Brockley, S.E.

STATE CARPENTER.— Married, no family.
— Thoroughly efficient in all branches; also Painting.
Glazing, and Plain Gardening. Good references.— G. C,
13. Harvest Eoad, Hornsey Koad, IlolloKay, N.

HOLLOW AY'S PIL LS.— Enfeebled
existence. — This medicine embraces everj' attribute
required in a general and domestic remedy. It overturns the
foundations of disease laid by defective food and impure air.
In obstructions or congestions of the liver, lungs, bowels, or
any other organs, these Pills are especially serviceable and
eminently successful. They should be kept in readiness in
every family, being a medicine of incomparable utility for
young persons, especially those of feeble constitutions. They
never cau'je pain or irritate the most sensitive nerves or most
tender bowels. HoUoway's Pills are the best known puriflers
of the blood, the most active promoters of absorption and se-
cretion, whereby all poisonous and obnoxious particles are
remoA-ed from both solids and fluids.

236

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AtJonsT 20, 1887.

STEVEN BROS & C<>
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

BOULTON & PAUL'S
CUCUMBER FRAMES

Are always in stock, ready to be sent off on receipt of order.
They are made of best sound red deal, sawn from the beat trees
in the forest to our own requirements, and seasoned in a proper
manner. The FRAMES are of l^inch boards, 24 inches high
at back, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the comers,
easily taken to pieces if required. The LIGHTS are 2 inches
thick, with iron bar across and one handle at the top, and
the whole paintod four coats. The glass is ENGLISH 21-oz.
■weight. PACKED and sent CARRIAGE PAID to any station
in England and Wales, also to Dublin, Belfast, Londonderry,
Cork, Glasgow, and stations equivalent.

Cases

allowed in full when returned.

No. 75.— Cucumber and Melon Frame. Ail sizes in stock.

CASH PRICES,

Including the Use of Packing Cases.

Length. WiJth. Price.

2-LIGHT FRAME 8 feet by 6 feet ... £3 5 0

3 „ „ 12 feet by 6 feet ... 4 12 6

4 „ „ 16 feet by 6 feet ... 6 0 0

5 „ „ 20 feet by 6 feet ... 7 7 6

6 „ ., 24 feet by 6 feet ... 8 16 0

Smaller frames are made. See LISTS, post-free.

CATALOGUES

of Greenhouses, Heatiiif^ Ait|i;ir:iln^, (innien Frames in every
variety, Garden Implement.i. Wat.'r c':irt«. Pumps, and every-
thing required for Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, post-free on
application.

ESTIMATES for Greenhouses free on receipt of particulars.

LADIES and GENTLEMEN waited upon by appointment
in any part of the Kingdom.

NORWICH.

RICHARDSON'S

^jX^oRticultural buildings

^ Fixed in any part of the

C- . -^^ Kingdom with Hot-water
- yO^\_ Apparatus complete,

7 CEKTIFICATES of MEKIT ^s^'.

In 1886. ^*\.'^

North of England Horticultural Works/W'
DARLINGTON.

6 PRIZE MEDALS

CATALOGUE
FREE.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION. In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN^CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES. COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

o w

Is

JAMES BOYD & SONS,

PAISLEY.

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUttDINGS. MANSIONS.
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

WHY PAY HIGH PRICES,

When you can purchase a thoroughly good and sound Chamjmgne for

30/-D0ZEH. GEVENCEY. 30/-»»ze"-

SOLE AGENTS :—

JOHN C. HANDS Sc CO.,
99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.C.,

OLD-ESTABLISHEB WINE and SPIRIT MERCHANTS and AGENTS.

NEW BOOK i PHOT LITH R PRFD SKETCHES of WINTER G
VTNERIES AK ITECT R4X C NSE T L & u D gn and S

h d mp te b u n di£f p he un rv n h pa lUar of h mew t

of the n u y P e on app ca n T obe ho wi h o possesa the on y mp et«

hshed ^*ill do well to obtain from ua a copy of Horticultural Buildings ; their Construction, Heating, and Interior Fittings,
2nd Edition, with 123 Illuatrations, by F. A. Fawkes, post-free, 5s.

J FVS. RANGES of HOTHOUSES,

tly cmi»truc'ted, erected, fitted, and

w? ful Hot-water Heating Apparatus

fie work on the subject yet pub-

W. RICHARDS,

41. Wellington Street. Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

, 1887.

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Established i84i

No. 35.-V0L. II. {s^,X}

SATURDAY, AUGUST 27, 1887.

[Regt. as a Newspaper.

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I POBT-FEIE, 3id.

CONTENTS.

Apiary 248

Aster Bouquet Pyrami-
dal Rose 252

BelgianBotanical Society 252

Couifere at Dropmore ...
Co-operation and allot-

meutgarleD3

Cypripedium prrestana ...
Dendrobium polyphle-

bium var. Emerici
Dishonest exbibiting ...
Floristd' flowers at Blan-

n, the

253

Flower gardi
Forestry ...
Gardening appointment 26:
Glasgow Botanic Gar-
dens 24;

Hardy fruit gardt

Herbaceous border
Kew Bulletin

Andrews v. Great Eatt-
ern Bailway

Kitchen garden, the ...
Maxillaria molitor
Myriocarpa colipensis ...
Orchid notes
Pear Congress Report ...
Plants and their culture
Pomegranate, double ...

Potatos

Silver Fir at Roseneath
Societies : —

ards

Royal Horticultural ...

Shiopshire

Taunton Deane

Trowbridge

Streptocarpua Kewen-

siax

Town garden, a French

Trees and shrubs

Vegetable trials at Chis-

Watering plants...
Yellow Water-Lily fly
Weather, the

Illustrations.

Pine-stove at Chatsworth
Streptocarpus Kewensisx
Town garden, plan of a French,,
Yellow Water-Lily fly (two) ..

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.~All NuTnbers
of the" Gardeners' Chronicle'' from January \
of this year are still to be had.
R Y S T A L P A L A C E.—

ANNUAL FRUIT EXHIBITION and GRAND NATIONAL
DAHLIA SHOW, FRIDAY and SATURDAY, September 2 and 3.

For particulars of Fruit Show, apply to Mr. HEAD, Super-
intendent Garden Department, Crystal Palace. Entries Close,
August 27. .,_^^

Entry Forms for Dahlia Show on application to Mr. HENRY
GLASSCOCK, Rye Street, Bishop's Stortford. Entries Close,
August 26.

LASGOW and WEST of SCOTLAND

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The AUTUMN FLOWER SHOW will be held within St.
Andrew's Halls. Granville Street. Glasgow, on WEDNESDAY.
September 7. Prize Schedules and Tickets of Admission to be
had from the Treasurer, Mr. CHAS. MACDONALD WILLIAM-
SON, 194, West George Street, Glasgow; any of the Directors,
or at my Office here. Members' Tickets, 25. tirf. each.

FRANC GIBB DOUGALL, Secretary.
167, Canning Street, Glasgow.

A T H AUTUMN SHOW,

WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, September 7 and 8.
Amongst the Prizes offered are for : —

12 Foliage Plants. 1st, £6 ; 2nd, £4 ; 3rd, £2.
12 Stove orGreenhouse Plants, Ist, £12 ; 2nd, £8 ; 3rd, £4.
6 Orchids. Ist, £2; 2nd. £1.
8 Dishes of Fniit, 1st, £3 ; 2nd, £2 ; 3rd, £1.
8 Bunches of Grapes, 4 vars., 1st, £5 ; 2nd. £3; 3rd, £2.
6 other Classesfor Grapes in varieties. Prizes in proportion.
Entries Close September 3. For Schedules apply to

,, •.,-, o. t u »k EENJ. PEAESON, Sec.

14, Milsom Street, Bath.

HELTENHAM and COUNTY of

GLOUCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Established 1825.

AUTUMN EXHIBITION. WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,

September 14 and 15. A Special Prize of Ten Guineas ^^ill be

awarded for the best Nine Dishes of Fruit. Entries close

September 10. Schedules of Prizes. &c., may be obtained on

application to W. H. BRIDGEWATEK, Secretary.

57, Regent Street, Cheltenham.

LAING'S BULBS, for Early Forcing.—
White Roman HYACINTHS, Kne large roota, 14s. per 100;
extra large picked roots. 16s. per 100. Paper White and Double
Roman NARCISSUS, 9s. per 100. All carriage free.

CATALOGUES Gratia and Post-free.
JOHN LAINO AND SONS, Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

Hyaclntbs, Tulips, Crocus, LlUes, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKUEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERR.1D and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London. E.G.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Bre-ilau, Germany.

AST LOTHIAN STOCK,

for present sowing. Very superior strain. Scotch

saved. Crimson. Purple. Scarlet, and White.

Crimson and White Wallflower-leaved, Is., 2s. 6(/., and 5s. pkt.

IRELAND AND THOMSON. 81. Princes Street. Edinburgh.

Begonias a Specialty.

BR. DAVIS invites an inspection of his
• BEGONIAS, now in Full Blixjm. at The Yeovd Nur-
series, Hendford Hill, Yeovil. Several hundreds of specimens
grown in pots and many thousands planted in the open ground.

Fema—FemB— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dvson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS— " PTERIS." LONDON.

BOUVARDIAS, line bushy plants, 30s.
per 100; CYCLAMENS, good, in 48'3, 30s. per 100;
GARDENIAS, strong plants. 30s, per 100; Tree CARNA-
TIONS, best sorts. .30s. per 100— good plants.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

ENISTAS, good stuff, in 60's, £1 per 100.
CHARLES WOODROFFE. Sudbury, Harrow, N.W.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

NintSERVMEK, Sidcup, and 285, 288, 287, 288. Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION. SIDCUP."

SQUELCH AND BARNHAM,
North Row, Covent Garden. W.C, are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS. &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily; Cheques weekly, or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

EUCHARIS—EUCHARIS.— Highest Market
Prices for really good and well-packed blooms of the
above. WISE AND RIDES. Covent Garden. W.C.

EACHES ! NECTARINES 1 GRAPES ! &c.

— Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and
well packed fruit of above.— WISE and RIDES. Covent Garden.

ANTED, CUTTINGS of BEDDING

GERANIUMS, all kinds.
E. COOLING, Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby.

ANTED, GERANIUM CUTTINGS —

Jacoby, Vesuvius, J. Gibbons. State price to
AYRES, 110, Sunny Hill, Strcatham, Surrey, S.W.

w

To Growers of Snowdrops.
ANTED, SAMPLES with Price, to

THOS. BUTCHER. Seed Merchant. Croydon.

w

ANTED, SCARLET VESUVIUS

GERANIUM CUTTINGS. Sample and price per 1000.
CHARLES WOODROFFE, Sudbury, Harrow, N.W.

WANTED, New Varieties (not m commerce),
of GARDEN, VEGETABLE, and FARM SEEDS,
BULBS, and TUBERS.— Addresi, with particulars, to J. S.,
John Heywood, Manchester.

WHITE TRUMPET DAFFODILS from
Spain, and other line varieties, hitherto not in com-
merce, collected in Portugal, Spain, and the Pyrenees. LIST
Free on application to
BARR and SON. 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.O

''rO OFFER, a Collection of Choice Stage

i AURICULAS. 20 varieties. Apply to

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamterops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill. London, N.

Camellias, Azaleas. Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy. Ghent. Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars. London. E.C.

Now in Full Bloom.

BEGONIAS. — Awarded Three Gold Medals,
Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are cordially in-
vited; free admission. Frequent trains from the City and West
End to Catford Bridge and Forest Hill Stations.
JOHN LAING AND SONS. Stanstead Park. Forest Hill. S.E.

Novelty— Novelty-Novelty.

AM. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK begs to
• offer his large stock of strong SPIR*:A PALMATA
ALBA. JE7 10s. per loo.— Royal Tottenham Nurseries, Dedems-
vaart. Zwolle. Netherlands.

BMALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties). EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS, BOUVARDIAS, ADLAN-
TUM CUNEATUM and other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVLLLEAS,
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION wiU be held EARLY IN
SEPTEMBER.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries. Lee. S.E.

LAXTON'S "NOBLE" STRAWBERRY.—
The only Fruit which received a First-class Certificate
from the lioyaL Horticultural Society in the year ending Ju?ie,
1887, and the only Fruit Certificated at the Society's great
Liverpool i>how, July, 1886. This wonderfully large, handsome,
and prolifie early Strawberry, of first quality, made the highest
wholesale price in Covent Garden Market during the past three
seasons. Mr. J. Muir, after trying and forcing it, says, " In
my opinion the most extraordinary and valuable Strawberry in
cultivation." Particularsof this and " Laxton's Jubilee," a fine
new late variety; see previous issues of this Paper — also free
on application. Coloured plate of " Noble," 6d., from

THOMAS LAXTON, Seed and Novelty Grower, Bedford.

New Roses in Pots.

LIST of the most select sorts now ready,
Gratis and Post-free.

TEA and NOISETTE ROSES,
of best sorts only, in pots, in great quantity
and of best quality.
SAJdPLE DOZEN of really good Plants, in 5-inck pots, carefully

packed for travelling, put on rail on receipt of 15s.
HAIiF a DOZEN ditto, on receipt of 83.
EWING AND CO.,
Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hampshire.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovbl
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners maybe had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free. Sd.—W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SIIARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleaded to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

FOR SALE, between 5 and 6 Quarters of Selected
DRUMHEAD SAVOY SEED, this year's growth. Applyto
Mr. TAYLOR, Drinsey Nook Nurseries, Saxilby, Lincoln.

238

THE GABDENERS' CHIiONIGLE.

[AuGnsT 27, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULKS. — OREAT UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68. Oheapside. London. E.C., every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at halt-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.
ORCHIDS in FLOWER— SPECIAL SALE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Booms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT,
August 30, at Half-past Vi o'clock precisely, a fine collection of
ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud, including

Cattleya Gaskelliat
,, crispa superba
Odootoglossums, Cattleyas,
Oncidiums, &c., invariety.
Lselia elegant

Oni

Masdevallia Veitchiii, grandi-

flora
Cypripedium Auguste Regnier
,, cardinale
Godefroyo?

ng of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

CATTLEYA AUREA.
EPIDENDRUM WAXLISII.
OUONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLABIUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. J. Charlesworth, Heatoiii Bradford, to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT. September 2, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely.

CATTLEYA ATTREA. in extra fine condition, and consisting
of pieces such as hare never been offered before. They have
been collected, carefully packed, and quickly forwarded, by
Mr. W. Hennis, who has had great experience in collecting
C. aurea'(vide Reichenbachia, Part II.). The plants are very
scattered in their native country, and it is therefore difficult
to gather them in quantity.

EPIBENDRUM WALLISII. — This desirable species gro^vs
■with tall, leafy stems, producing numerous flowers ; sepals and
petals of a rich golden-yellow colour, marked with small crim-
son spots ; lip white, striped with magenta-purple, flowering
through the winter season, and lasting three to five months in
perfection.

AUoa nice lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARItTM, in
good condition.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

CATTTEYA SANDERIANA (without ^e9e^^■e).
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.E.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder Sc Co..
to include in their sale of ORCHIDS on FRIDAY NEXT, Sep-
tember 2, CATTLEYA SANDERI.\NA in good condition (for
unreserved sale), also ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.E. the
best type, in fine condition. Oncidium Weltoni (true). O.
Kramerianum, 0. sarcodes. Sec.

The Sale will also include about 100 of choice selected
Established Orchids, and an importation of Vanda tricolor.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

East Greenwich.

Expiration of Leu-se.— Clearance Side.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. Crook to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Nursery. Vanbrugh Hill. East Greenwich, on
WEDNESDAY. September 7. at 12 o'Clock precisely, without
reserve, the'erections of five GREENHOUSES, BRICKWORK.
HOT- WATER PIPING and BOILERS. Also the whole of the
GREENHOUSE PLANTS in variety; FERNS of sorts ; several
FRAMES and BOXES, IRON WATER-TANK, FLOWER
POTS, and other effects.

On view the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.,
and Leytonstone.

The Great Annual Trade Sales of Greenhouse Plants.

Important to Nurserymen and Florists.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call attention to the following SALES, and
will be pleased to add the names and addresses of intending
purchasers who may desire to receive Catalogues, which will
be forwarded free of expense.

Auction Rooms and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C.. and Leytonstone, E.

Swanley Junction, Kent.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALE of immense quantities of

GREENHOUSE PLANTS, unusually well grown.

Important to the Trade.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. P. Ladds, to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises. The Nurseries, adjoining Swanley Junction
Station, Kent, on THURSDAY. September 8, at II oClock
punctually, in consequence of the large number of 1200 lots,
the following Stock ;—
10,000 GENISTAS, in 40 and 48 pots.
6.000 ,, in 60 pots.

10,000 HEATHS, Winter Flowering, in 40 and 48 pots, beau
tifuUy grown and abundantly set with flower lauds. -
300 G.4.RDENIAS. large specimen plants.
10,000 CARNATIONS, Tree, consisting of all the best winter

flowering varieties.
15,000 KOSES. Tea, splendid plants.
2.000 ADIANTU.M CUNEATUM, good plants.
1,000 CYl'ERUS.

90 STEPHANOTIS, large specimen.
600 PALMS, in variety.
1,000 GERANIU.MS, New White, Queen of Whites Improved,
F.C.C., Royal Botanical Society, May 19, 1886,
400 DRAC^NAS. 200 CROTONS, 500 PTEKIS TREMULA
400 ACACIA ARMATA, and other Stock.
The Stock may now be viewed, and an inspection is invited.
Catalogues may be obtained of Mr. P. LADDS, at the Nurseries,
Swanley or Bexley Heath, Kent; or of the Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G. , and Leytonstone, E.

Kew Nursery, Rlclunoncl.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9.
IMPORTANT TRADE SALE of Tliousands of PALMS, in
various sizes; DRACAENAS, FERNS, VARIEGATED
AZALEAS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. K. Drost, Successor to Mr. H. Herbst,
to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Kew Nursery. Rich-
mond, on FRIDAY. September 9, at 11 o'Clock precisely.

An immense quantity of PALMS, remarkably well grown
and clean, in thumbs, 60, 48. 32, and 24 pots.

Fine table and decorating plants, and a splendid healthy
stoclt of small ones for growing on. Including 2700 Latania
borbouica. 4000 Euterpe edulis, 1700 Seaforthia elegans. 1300
Cocoa Weddelliana, 1100 Kentia Balmoreana and Fosteriana,
170 K. Canterburyana. 450 Geonoma gracilis and Verschaf-
feltii. 400 Corypha australis, Phuenix recHuata. and rupi-
cola. in 32's ; Areca lutescens and sapida Chamitdorea elegans.

A few large specimen plants,
COCOS WEDDELLIANA. 15 leaves, 7 feet high.
CYCAS NEO CALEDONICA, 10 leaves, 5 feet high.

6 Latanias, Areca lutescens, A. sapida, Aspedistra^, and
further the following STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS-.—
VARIEGATED AZALEAS, VARIEGATED and GREEN ASPI-
DISTRAS, large plants of Camellia albo pleuo, 500 Azaleas,
DraCEenas, Y'ucca recurva, Pteris tremula, in 32'9 ; Adiantum
Victoria. A. Edgeworthii, 3000 small Ferns, splendid variety,
some Shrubs, Lilacs for forcing, and 30.000 Spanish Iris of the
well-known collection, besides Tulips, Narcissi, and Liliums.
The collection of Palms is exceedingly fine.

May be viewed. ' Catalogues obtainable of the Auctioneers.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and Leytonstone, E.

UpJfefXdaOnton. "

The SECOND ANNUAL TRADE SALE of 30,000 splendidly
grown GREENHOUSE and other PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. H. B. May to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton
(about 3 minutes' walk from Angel Road, and 8 minutes' from
Silver Street Railway Stations. G.E.R.). on MONDAY, Sep-
ember 12, at 11 o'Clock punctually, 30,000 GREENHOUSE
and STOVE PLANTS, remarkably weU grown, and in the
best possible condition, comprising : —

1.000 Ampelopsis Veitchii

500 Clematis
10,000 Ferns of sorts, including
Pteris cretica Mayii
1,000 Azaleas, Fielder'sWhite
May cow be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers. 67 and 68. Cheap-
side, London, E.C. ; and Leytonstone, E.

10.000 Tree Carnations, th
be-it varieties
2.000 Tea Roses
2.000 Variegated Ivies
4.000 Miscellaneous Plants

Lee. Kent, S.E.

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE, to commence punctually at
11 o'clock in consequence of the large number of lots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. B. Mailer & Sons to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Burnt Ash Lnne Nurseries.
Lee, S.E.. adjoining the Railway Station, on TUESDAY,
September 13, at 11 o'Clock punctually without reserve.

25,000 WINTER BLOOMING HEATHS,
beautifully grown and lemarkably well set with bloom-buds,

icludmg-
15.000 Erica hyemalis

5,000 Erica gracilis
Large quantities of

melanthera ventricosa

perspicua erecta

Cavendishii
And other best kinds
A large quantity of smallErica

hyemalis for growing on
8000 Solanum capsicastrum,

in berry [double

6000 Bouvardias. single and
2000 Genistas, very fine
Cyclamen persicum
2000 Adiantum cuneatum
Alsophila australis. in 24's and

3000 Lomariagibba, true, com-
pact variety, and other Ferns
5(J0 Epacris, well grown
Boronia megastigma
Quantity of extra strong
Marechal Niel and other 1 ea

Grevillea robusta

Ficus elastics

Greenhouse Passion-flowers
Poinsettias
Ampelopsis Veitchii
Stephanotis

A fine lot of the new white
Plumbago capensis,
16*^3 pots Large Gardenias for cutting

Beautifully coloured Crotons, &c.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, or
of the Auctioneers and Valuers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.
and Leytonstone, E.

N.B.— Messrs. P. & M. desire to call the attention of intend-
ing Purchasers to the stock to be offered as above. The plants
are remarkably well grown, fit for immeditite sale, and the
whole will be found iu an equally good condition as former years.

Lea Bridge Road Nurseries. Leyton.

ANNUAL SALE of WINTER-FLOWERING HEATHS and
other DECORATIVE and FLOWERING PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. John Fmser to SELL by AUC-
TION on the Premises, The Lea Bridge Road Nurseries,
Leyton, E. (a few minutes' walk from the Hoe Street Station.
G.E.R.). on WEDNESDAT.'SepTemljer If. at 11" 6"Clock pre-
cisely, in consequence of the large number of lots, a fine assort-
ment of WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS, including hyemalis
and others; large quantities of CYCLAMEN, Eraser's superb
strain ; BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, splendidly berried ;
GENISTAS. Tree CARNATIONS, LAPAGERIAS, CLEMATIS
indivisa lobata, and other greenhouse climbers; ROSES,
including Marechal Niel, W. A. Richardson, of extra size, and
a variety of Tea-scented and Hybrid Perpetuals ; Clematis
Jackmanni. and other fine sorts; Ampelopsis Veitchii, varie-
gated and other Ivies; Passion-flowers, Jasmines, and other
hardy climbers. A good collection of Hollyhocks and several
thou-sands of young Heaths, and Genistas for growing on.

The above are all well grown and in good condition for
immediate sale.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C, and Leytonstone.

Tottenliani, N.

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of WINTER FLOWERING
HEATHS. STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &C., to
commence punctually at 11 o'Clock, there being upwards
of 1200 lots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by the Executors of the late Mr. John Mailer
toSELLby AUCTION, on the Premises, the Brunswick Nur-
sery, Tottenham (close to White Hart Lane Station, G.E.R.),
on THURSDAY, September 15, at 11 o'clock precisely, without

10,000 Winter-blooming HEATHS— including hyemalis, graci-
lis, caffra, Wilmorea, and others.
5.000 SOLANUMS— well berried.
6,000 FERNS—Adiantums, Pteris, &c.
3.000 Tree CARNATIONS, leading varieties.
6,000 BOUVABDIAS.
3,000 GENISTAS.
1,000 Double White PRIMULAS.
l.OOO Stove and Greenhouse CLIMBERS.

DIPLADENIAS of sorts. ALLAMANDAS, BO0GAIN-
VILLEAS, STEPHANOTIS, TACSONIAS.
1,000 PASSIFLORAS, and AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII.

500 CROTONS and DRACAENAS, beautifully coloured.
1,000 PALMS. FICUS. &c.

Large AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS for cutting from.
Many thou^nds of small ERICAS ; and a collection of
other useful Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and Ley-
tonstone, E.

N.B.— The whole of the Stock is in first-rate condition, tlie
Ericas being especially well set for ilo

Sldcup, ^ent, S.E.

Siith great Annual TRADE SALK of Winter-flowering
HEATHS, ROSES, and other Plants, forming one of the
finest and largest Collections ever submitted to the public
in a single day. The stock of Heaths is unrivalled (with-
out doubt the finest lot ever offered by Messrs. Gregory &
Evans), the plants being particularly well grown, beauti-
fully set with flower, and worthy of inspection by
intending purchasers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Gregory & Evans to SELL b
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Longlands Nursery, Sidcuy
(ten minutes' walk from Pope Street Station, South-Easterp
Railway), on FRIDAY, September 16. at II o'clock preciselyu
in consequence of the unusually large number of 1600 lots, an,
enormous quantity of exceedingly well-grown Wiuter-blooming
HEATHS and other PLANTS, which are unsurpassed in the
Trade. To convey some idea of the magnitude of the Stock,
the following quantities may be mentioned : —
30,000 ERICA HYEMALIS

10,000 „ GRACILIS

6,000 „ CAFFRA

5,000 ,, mixed varieties

2,000 „ CAVENDISHH

2.000 „ MAGNIFICA

2,000 ., COCCINEA MINOR

8.000 BOUVARDIAS. of sorts

7.000 SOLANUMS, well berried

8,000 CYCLAMEN, fine plants, best m

6,000 ADIANTUM CUNEATUM
5,000 FEKNS, of sorts
3,000 DOUBLE PRIMULAS
2,000 GREVILLEA ROBUSTA
1.000 AMPELOPSIS \'EITCHU
10,000 ROSES, grown especially for this Sale, 4 feet and

15 feet in height.
Thousands of small HEATHS and GENISTAS for growing on.
The stock is now arranged for sale, and may be viewed.
Catalogues maybe had on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers
and Valuers. 67 and 63. Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone.

All in 40

All in
43 pots.

Lewisham, S.E.

IMPORTANT TRADE SALE of PALMS, FERNS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr, K. Bullen to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Woodlands Nursery,
Lewisham. S.E., on SATURDAY. September 17, at 11 o'Clock
precisely, an immense quantity of remarkably well-grown
STO\'E and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including the following
English-grown Palms, in perfect health and condition, in 32'3,
48's, and 60's ; about 40OO Latania barbonica, 2000 Seaforthia
elegans. 2000 Areca Baueri, sapida, and lutescens ; 500 Kentia
Fosteriana and Balmoreana, 250 Cocos Weddelliana. 500
Corypha australis, 1000 Phoenix rupicola, 1000 P. canariensia,
Sec. : 2000 Adiantum cuueatum, lOUO A. decorum, 1000 Pteris
tremula, 1000 P. cretica major, cristata, and a large number
of the following Ferns :— Lomaria gibba, Polypodium aureum.
Gymnogramma peruviana, Lastrrea aristata, Cyrtomium fal-
catum and amoena, in 32's and 48's ; large quantities of Tree
Carnations, Dracfena^, GreviUeas, Roses in pots. Gardenias,
Eucharis. Sec. ; about 200 Azaleas, Fielder's White and indica
alba. in33'3, 24'3. andie's.

The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Pre-
mises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 63, CheapJde, E.G.,

Leytonstone, E.

Forest Gate.
Excellent opening for small Capiti»li,-ts. Almost without reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Billings to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Nursery, Upton Lane, Forest Gate, on
MONDAY. Septomber 19. at 12 o'Clock precisely, the BENE-
FICIAL INTEREST in the LEASE of the NURSERY, with
6 Greenhouses, Cottage, and 1 Acre of Land, subject to the
very low rent of £30 per annum. Also in suitable lots the
whole of the well grown stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS. May be viewed. Particulars obtainable of the Auc-
tioneers, ti7 and 6x. Cheapside. E.C. ; and Leytonstone. E.

The Wellington Road Nursery, St. Jolm's Wood,

adioiuing Lord's Cricket Ground.
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, the LAND having been
purchased by the Committee of the M.C.C. for the
extension of their ground.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. E. G. Henderson & Son, to
SELL by AUCTION on the Premises as above, on TUESDAY,
September 20, without reserve, the whole of the GLASS
ERECTIONS, consisting of 16 GREENHOUSES, thousands of
feat of PIPING. BRICKWORK^ Sec.

Detailed particulars will appear next week.

AnocsT 27, 1887.1

THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

239

Dulwlch.— By Order of the Mortgagees,

Highly Imixjrtant to -Market Giinle.iers nnd Florists.

TO BE SOLD, at a pulIing-do\vn price,
21 Modern Greehoiises. 27.0i;iO feet of tila-ss, 5000 feet of
Piping, with Leasehold Dwelling-house, and 3 Acres of Ground.
Ground Rent only £31.

Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE a.nd MORRIS, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, Loudon. E.C.

Tliursday Next.— (Sole No. 7468.)

VALU.A.ELE l.Ml'ORTED ORCHIDS.

ME. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S. King Street.
Covent Garden. W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURS-
DAY NEXT, September 1, at half-past la o'clock precisely,
splendid importations of the following ORCHIDS, the whole in
escellent order [and condition, with sound dormant eyes and
healthy foliage.

Cattleva Do\vian;l, line lot Pilumna nobilis

„ Schilleriana Oneidium Forbesii

,, pumila ,, Papilio majus

,, Leopotdii ,, sarcodes

„ Scholieldiaua ., bicolor

„ granulosa Colax jugosus [oum

,. Oaskelliana Odontoglossum Schleoperia-

Lffilia har^wphylla Stanhopea Wardii

„ xanthina Comparettia falcnta

Odontoglossum OErstedii Oucidiums from the Brazils

And many other choice ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7468.)
MYSTACIDIU.M FILICORNE.

MR. J. C. STE'^'ENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street.
Covent Garden.W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, September 1,
n fine lot of the rare and beautiful MYSTACIDIUM FILI-
CORNE, illustrated in the Gardeners' Chronicle, July 30, 1887.
It is a cool-house plant, of the habit of Angrajcum Kotschyi,
and producing elegant racemes of white fragrant flow,3rs in
great profusion, many of the plants offered having flower-spikes ;
also a few tufts of the fine DISA SECUNDA. with red flowers
nearly as shosvy as D. gnindiflora ; DIS A L-lCER-l, with violet
flowers; and other rare DISAS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Special Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS, in Flower and
Bud, will take place at his Great Rooms, :«. King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C.. on WEDNESDAY. September 14. and he
will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS for
this SALE, will send particulars as soon as possible.

Bulbs-Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
athi9GreatRooms..^^.KingStreet. Covent Garden.W.C,
every MONHJAY. WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

SALE hy AUCTION,

SURPLUS STOCK

Small GREENHOUSES. Slow-Combustiou HEATING
APP.4.RATUSES. HAND-LIGHTS. MELON FRAMES.
Iron POTTING SHEDS, HORTICULTURAL GL.tSS,
BOILERS, &c.. at

ANCHOR WORKS, Queen Street, Chelmsford,

en WT.DNESDAY, August 31, at 2 P.M.

For Catalogues, apply

CROMPTON AND FAWKES. Chelmsford.

w

ANTED TO RENT, a GARDEN, with

2 or 3 Glass Houses.
Address particulars to A. B., 2. Howard Strppt, Oxford.

Preliminary Notice.— CMswick, Middlesex.

TO BE SOLD, by direction of the Executors
of the late Mr. Joseph Jessop. the LEA.SE and GOOD-
WILL of the BUSINESS of a JIARKET GARDENER, Stock-
in-Trade and Growing: Crops on about 200 Acres of Market
Garden Ground, in excellent state of cultivation, with Resi-
dence and Farm Buildings (all in good repair), known as Grove
Farm, Burlington Lane. Chiswick. The said Business of a
Market Gardener has been in existence for many years past.

Further particulars and orders to view of Messrs. FINNIS
AND WYLIE. 19. Surrey Street. Strand, W.C., and Vestry
Hall, Chiswiek, Middlesex.

Somerset.

BRIDGWATER NURSERIES and SEED
BUSINESS. Established 1820.~-In conseiinence of the
death of the late Proprietor, the above is offered fur SALE by
the Executors under the ■will.

There is about 15 acres of Nursery Ground of the first
quality, well stocked with Fruit Trees, Forest and Ornamental
Trees and Shrubs, of a varied description, and in fine healthy
condition. About 8 acres, including that with the Glass-
house.s, belong to the Estate, and will be LET on LEASE or
SOLD,

The Shop is in the centre of the town, where a good busi-
ness is done in Seeds, Cut Flowers, and Sundries, and is only
five minutes' walk from the Nursery,

The whole concern is offered at a lump sum, or may be taken
at a valuation in the usual wav.

For further particulars, and 'to view, apply to R. TUCKER,
Narseryman, Faringdon, Berks.

Kent, near Railway Station.

TO BE LET, or SOLD, a Small NURSERY,
about 10 miles from London.
C.E.B.,GariCT!e7-s'C'AriOTic(e Office, 41,WemngtonStreet,W.C.

TO BE LET, a FLORIST'S and FRUIT-
ERER'S, with Small NURSERY. Good opening for
Beginner. Large neighbourhood, close to Station. Present
occupier selling through illness. Stock. Goodwill, all at £l.'iy.
Bent, £30.— Apply. F. A. CREW, Kew Gardens. S.W.

To Market Gardeners.

TO BE LET, with eiitrv ;it once, by valuation,
llj Acres of firat-cluss M.iltKET GARDEN GROUND,
in a high state of cultivation, well stocked with thriving Fruit
Trees, with suitable Buildings, and well placed on the borders
of thetown of Reading. Ouemile from theRailwayStations.-
Apply to Messrs. HASLAJI AND SON. 17, Friar Street, Reading.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

TO LET, at Michaelm,is next, about 13^ acres
of LAND, at Plaistow. aitimt.d in the Prince Regent's
Lane, and close to the Barking; Roml. For particulars apply to
Messrs. CLUTTON. 9. Whitehall Place. S.W.

D

UTCH BULBS.

"TilRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT. ItOOZEX AND SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen. near H.Tarlem, Holland.
Intending purchasers of DUTCH BULBS are invited to read
ANT. ROOZEN and SONS CATALOGUE for 1887, and see the
large saving effected by Dealing direct with the Grower.
The Catiilogue. containing details of their immense Collections
of New, Rare, and Fine Bulbs and Plants, and also particulars
as to Free Delivery, will be sent, post-free, on application
to them, or to their Agents. MEKTENS AND CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill. London. E.C.

n^

jAFFODILS, White Trumpets, &c.— Over 150

X> varieties to select from! " UARTLAND'S 'ORIGINAL'
LITTLE BOOK of DAFFODILS," including a special offer of
sweet-scented Oxiips, Cowslipg, and Primroses, isnowready. It
is the best guide to Daffodil knowledge ever published, consider-
ably enlarged — medium quarto size — find full of life-size origi-
nal drawings by Gertrude Hartland. The Book can be had for
18 stamps. Ita duplicate, witliout the illustrations, free to all
applicants. Please write for them. The Bulbs are uncommonly
healthy, all grown in fresh pasture loam and sea sand.

\VM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware
house, 24. Patrick Street, Cork.

0(\ (\C\(\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^Vv'V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-inf li pota, 2s. 6(2.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.—RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100;
ditto in large pots. 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH AND Co., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

JARMAN'S BULBS,

FOR EARLY FORCING.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, AVhite, fine selected

routs, 2s. per .lo/i-n. l.i.s. fr 100.

NARCISSUS, Double Koman, Is. Qd. per doz.,

lu.^. per 100.
,, Paper White, Is. Qd. per dozen, 105. per 100.

TULIPS, Duo Van Thol, scarlet and yellow,

S,i. per dozen. 4s. per 100.

All Carriage Free. Catalogues Gratis and Post-free.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN
CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP.

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP.

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP.

See our Wholesale CATALOGUE of Bulbs,
free on application^

con t.'iiningList of all the best varieties otHYACINTHS.TULIPS,

CROCUS, LILIES, DAFFODILS, IRIS, SXOWDROPS, &c.
Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

EXETER STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

and all other Bulbs for earliest forcing.
CATALOG UE (No. -3.3.3 J POST-FR EE.

"James Dickson & Sons"

108 EASTGATB ST.
'NEWTON' NUBSEREES

}CHESTER.

BRIGHTON and SUSSEX FLORICULTU-
RAL and HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
GRAND AUTUMN EXHIBmON. SEPTEMBER 14 and 15,
at the Royal Pavilion, Brighton. 1st Prize, 8 Stove and Green-
house Plants, £8 ; 1st Prize Groupof Ferns, jes ; 1st Prize Miscel-
Group, £^. Entries Close September 10. Schedules of
EDWARD CARPENTER, Secretary.
. St. James's Street, Brighton.

Prizes to be had of
Secretary's Offic,

N

ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY. Royal Aquarium. Westminster, S.W.
EARLY CHRYSANTHEMUM. DAHLIA, and GLADIOLUS
EXHIBITION. SE1>T. 14 and 15. Schedules free on appli-
cation. The Floral Committee will meet Sept. 14, Oct. 12 and
26. Nov. 9 and 23. and Dec. 7. Medals are offered for competi-
tion at each Meeting for New Chrysanthemums. See Schedule.
WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.
Frampton Park Nurseries. Hackney. E.

OYAL JUBILEE EXHIBITION,

' Manchester.

A GRAND EXHIBITION of FRUITS and FLOWERS will
be hehi on SEPTEMBER 16 and 17. For Schedules, apply to the
undersigned. „ , . BRUCE FINDLAY.

Royal Botanical Gardens, Manchester.

p R Y S T A L PALACE.—

\J SCHOOL of LANDSCAPE GARDENING and IMPROVE-
MENT of ESTATES. Principal, Mr. Milnkr. Surveying and
Engineering Applied to Beautifying and Improving Land.
Next Entries. SEPTEMBER 1. l^osi>ectU3 of the undersigned,
F. K. J. SlIENTON, Super. Educational Dep<irtment.

''PHE METROPOLITAN BOARD of WORKS

JL will meet at the Office of the Board, Spring Gardens,
S.W., on FRIDAY, the 14lh day of October, 1887, at 12 o'clock
at noon precisely, and will then be prepared to OPEN
TENDERS by persons who mav be willing to CONTRACT for
the FORMATION of CARRIAGE ROADS and a LAKE, and
other Works in connectioD therewith, in Dulwich Park,

Persons desirous to submit Tenders may (upon the payment
of Three Guineas to the Accountaut of the Board;, obtain
Copies of the Drawings and Specification, Form of Tender, and
other particulars, on application to the Superintending Archi-
tect of the Board, at the Office, Spring Gardt-ns, between the
hours of 9 A.M. and 4 P.M. (or on Saturdays between the hours
of 9 a.m. and 2 p.m.), until Thursday the 13th day of October,
ISS7. The Tenders, which must be on the Form supplied from
this Office, and be addressed to the Clerk of the Board, are to
be delivered at the Office before 4 o'Clock on the last-mentioned
day, and no Tender will be received after that hour. Any Tender
which is not fully filled up in every particular will be rejected.

The Board do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or
any Tender.

Spring Gardens, S.W. —August 26. 1887.

J. K. W.VKEFILLD, Cl.-rk of the Board.

WcTJte aiiQ See^:

OUR BEGONIAS.

ALL those who take the greatest interest in this
very wonderful family pronounce not only our display but
our own strain is much the nearest perfection in existence.
No disease or mildew ever been seen, and such remarkable
dwarf quick growth that there is no difficulty in getting fine
plants covered with immense blooms like Hollyhocks from seed
the first year, and many distinct colours altogether different
from those usually seen and shown. Although our display of
other flowers is wonderful, and far exceeds any other establish-
ment, the collection of Begonias alone is more than sufficient
to repay the journey.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

FLORISTS,

SWANLEY, KENT.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE

4rf. per bushel : 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. : 4-bushel bags, 4rf. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. id. per saok ; 6 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, 4rf. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, S sacks, 223. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9rf. per bushel; 16s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-busbel ba);s. 4rf. each.

YELLOW FfflROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS. VIRQIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. O. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17i. Coal Yard). W.C.

PEAT and SAN U.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at lOs. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6(i. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15.t. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 55. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. %d. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO., Farnboro" Station, Hants.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

by innumerable unsolicited Testimonials. Rhododendron PEAT,
LEAF-MOULD. LOAM, SAND. SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FIBRE, CHARCOAL. &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials,

EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

240

THE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AnansT 27, 1887.

FRIDAY NEXT. -

rCATTLEYA AUREA,
^EPIDENDRUM WALLISII,
(ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS' are instructed by Mr. J. CHAELESWORTH,Heaton,

Bradford, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Kooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, September 2, at
half-past 12 o'Clock precisely : —
CATTLEYA ATJREA, in extra fine condition, and consisting of pieces such as have never been offered before. They have been collected,
carefully packed, and quickly forwarded by Mr. W. Hennis, who has had great experience in collecting C. aurea, vide Reichenhachia, Part II. The plants
are very scattered in their native country, and it is therefore difficult to gather them in quantity.

EPIDENDRTJM WALLISII. — This desirable species grows with tall leafy stems, producing numerous flowers. Sepals and petals of a rich
golden yellow colour, marked with small crimson spots; lip white, striped with magenta-purple; flowering through the winter season, and lasting three
to live months in perfection. Also a nice lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLABIUM, in good condition.

On view moniiiii/ of Sale, and CataliyucH had.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursfry is of :^iuh tujignitmie that
without seeing it it is not easy to form an adeijuate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

FEUIT TEEES, EOSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,

BOUVARDIAS, CYCLAMENS. ERICAS, EPAOKIS, PRIMU-
LAS, SOLANUMS, TREE CARNATIONS, and other
WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS,
Of fine quality and immense numbers.
Inspection Invited.
Tlie Glass Structures cover an area ot 274,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

" SIR WATKIN "

IS THE BEST OF ALL THE NARCISSI.

Priced CIRCULAR (No. 334; of this and
all other Narcissi post-free.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS,

NEWTON NURSERIES, CHESTER.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED BOSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Pescriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

are ci^^^'^^^yn^h the. -Sr^lKT^ef-

Jioyeeyergec^^^^ajyecl- 1^ ^^VfflKlEY, KENT.

CALCEOLARIAS-

I's. per dozen ; in pots, as. per dozen.
CYCLAMEN BULBS-

Averagii)^ I to 2 inches over, just starting and ready
for potting. 4s. per dozen; 30s. per 100. Will make

PRIMULAS-

1.!. M. per dozen, lis. per 100; in pots, 16s, per 100.
CINEEARIAS-

Is, per dozen. 7s. per 100; in pots, 12s. per lOU.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWERS, SWANLEY, KENT.

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

THURSDAY NEXT.-(SaIe No. 7468.)

MYSTACIDIUM FILICORNE.

"ly/TR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his

^^ Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
September 1, a fine lot of the rare and beautiful MYSTACIDIUM FILICORNE, illustrated in the
Gardeners' Chronicle, July 30, 1887. It is a cool-house plant of the habit of Angr^cum Kotschyi,
and producing elegant racemes of white fragrant flowers in great profusion ; many of the plants
offered having flower spikes. Also a few tufts of the fine DISA SECUNDA, with red flowers nearly
as showy as D. grandiflora ; DISA LACERA, with violet flowers, and other rare DISAS.

On view morni7ig of Sale, and Catalogues had.

WHY PAY HIGH PRICES,

When you can purchase a thoromjhhj good and sound Champagne for

30/.D0ZEK. GEVENCEY. 30/-°»^e».

SOLE AGENTS :—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,
99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

OLD-ESTABLISHED WINE and SPIRIT MERCHANTS and AGENTS.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Please send me " The Qaiideneiis' Chronicle " for _
commencing , for which I enclose P.O.O..

W. RICHARDS,

11, Welllngtan Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

_1887.

Months,

(S° Please Note that all Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid ftir In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM;— 12 Months, 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. td.; 3 Montlis, 3s. M.; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, lis. 6d. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. &

Receipts for less than six mouths' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,

No. 42, DRXTRY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS,

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

August 27, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

241

B U L B S.

B. S. WILLIAMS

Has much pleasure in announcing that he
has this year been entrusted with the whole of
the Order for BULBS required by the Metro-
politan Board of Works for the various Parks,
&c., under their jurisdiction, in the Metropolis,
his Tender in open competition being accepted.

Orders for DUTCH andFRE^XH FLOWER-
ING ROOTS of all kinds are now being executed.
The quality of the Bulbs is excellent this year,
they being unusually large and well ripened.

EARLY ORDERS SOLICITED.

ILIiTJSTRATED BULB CATALOGUE

Is now readi/, and will be fonmrdcd
Post-free to all applicants.

VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLO WAY, LOXDOX, X.

EARLY WHITE

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

OUR LARGE COXSIGXMEXTS
of ROJIAN HYACINTHS. PAPER WHITE NAR-
CISSUS, &(•.. are to hand in splendid condition, and
we have murli pleasure in offering fine picked Bulbs
at moderate prices as below, carriage free ; —
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, extra line roots, 2j.per

down. l.T<, p.T liwi. 141K-. per 1000.
WHITE KOMAN HYACINTHS, ordinary .sized roots.
Is. Vd. p.T a.i/.'ii. l-V Jier IW, 110s. per lOOO.

NARCISSUS, Paper White, splendid for forcing, is.erf.

per .li.7..n. los. M. per luo, 90s. per lOOO.
NARCISSUS, Paper White, new. large flowered,

spleiidi.l variety, much superior to the old sort, 2s. Gd.

per dozen, l.'is. per 100.

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, Sne roots, is. 6d. per

dozen, 10s. 6d. per 100, 90s. per 1000.
Our beautifully Illustrated CATALOGUE (64 pages
imperial size) of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Lilies, Fruit
Trees, Roses. &c., is now ready, and should be read by all
intending purchasers before making their selection.

DANIELS BROS.,

ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT,

NORWICH.

DUTCH AND OTHER

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualities at moderate prices.
Illustrated Priced Catalogue, contain-
ing List of all the very lest varieties of
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissi,
Lilies, Snotvdrops, S^-c, Post-free on
application.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

HE Q U E E 1
SEEDSMEN,

pUTBUSH'S MILL-

\J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well kno«Ti to require descrip-
tion, IMce, 6s. per bushel {\s. extra
per bushel for package), or 6rf. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

No:
age3 and print
enclosed, with

WM, CUTBUSH
(Limited), Nurserymi

led pack-
l directiou3
attached.
SD SON
and Seed

SW^^SeTs Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N.

EARLY BULBS

AT DUTCH PRICES,

To Produce Beautiful White and Coloured
Flowers fur Christmas Decoration.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.

THE LARGEST BULBS OF THE YEAR.
Price, per 100, 143. ; per dozen, 2b.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Price, per lOO, 103. ed. ; per dozen, la. 6d.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Price, per 100, lOs. 6d. ; per dozen, Is. 6d.

VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow.
Price, per 100, 4s. ed. ; per dozen, 9d.

EXTRA LARGE SNOWDROPS.

Price, per 100, 3s. ; per dozen, 6d.
Detailed CA TALOG VE Gratis and Post-free.

ALL PARCKLS CAHI'.IAGE FREE.

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THE

SATURDAY, AUGUST 27, 1887.

GLASGOW BOTANIC GARDENS.

T^HE.SE gardens are now in what may be
-^ called a state of "suspended animation" be-
cause of the failure of the annexation scheme in
the House of Lords. The proprietors, or those
responsible for the upkeep of the gardens, owe
the City authorities a sum not far short of
£50,000, and in these latter years they have not
been able to pay interest on the principal sum
advanced, hence the threat to foreclose. On one
condition only would the City take over the
gardens and maintain them from the rates, and
that was that two or three of the outlying burghs
immediately in proximity to the gardens should
pay their proper share of City burdens. The
burgh of Kelvinside was agreeable, but the burgh
of Hillhead was not, and stoutly opposed the
annexation scheme, without success, in the Com-
mons, but with success in the Lords, which has
caused this deadlock. It is to be hoped that
this is only temporary. In the meantime the
City authorities have taken possession of the
g.ardens from the garden -proprietors, and are
simply keeping them in working order, and they
are practically closed to the public. During the
" Fair " holidays, by consent, they have been
thrown open, and will remain so for a week or
so, but afterwards, unless for the purposes of the
botanical student, they will be again placed under
lock and key, and may shortly be exposed to auc-
tion sale. It is impossible to tell what may event-
ually be the upshot, but in the interests of horti-
culture, and as a valnaljle public resort, it would
be a thousand pities if the gardens fell into
the hands of a building speculator. The trees
and shrubs, and the collections of herbaceous
and other plant.*:, would of necessity be more or
less massacred, and the beautiful grounds, which
have been the work of more than half a century,
would be defaced. All this sentiment, however,
will have little effect on an exasperated creditor,
and so we must be prepared for the worst. It
seems only the other day that the fine range of
houses was completed, made of the most endnr-

242

THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

[August 27, 1887.

ing timber, and of workmanship generally of the
best description. But, it may be asked, what
would an asset of this kind realise, to take down
and rebuild ? There seems to have been a
lamentable want of forethought somewhere. To
lend £30,000 avowedly for a purpose of this kind,
and within ten years to pull down again, does not
say much for municipal financial management.

The way to make the best of a bad job, is
surely to throw them upon the rates generally,
and allow the three-quarters of a million pop-
ulation to enjoy them to their hearts' content,
as they do the other parks in different districts
of the city.

That the gardens have been improving year
by year goes without saying ; their appearance
now is generally excellent, and there is a
vast amount of recreation space in the six-
and-twenty acres within the domain. Doubt-
less some scheme of building in the frontiers
would not detract from the general garden
appearance, or the general garden collection,
and it might lessen the expense of maintenance.
One is very much struck in these centres of
populations where smoke more or less prevails to
see how well many of the deciduous trees live
and grow, and if there be one year more than
another when this state of things is apparent, it
is this Jubilee Year. It is a long time since
Horse Chestnuts were seen in so good foliation —
indeed, we had almost effaced it from our list of
town trees. But a far better tree for this kind
of work is the Spanish Chestnut, with its foliage
glossy and beautifully green, and its SpirEea-like
plumes of flowers springing high above the
foliage. Then the common Ash (Fraxinus ex-
celsior), in its arching form, with its pinnated
frondage forming a grand set of living drapery
— no fountain in its distribution of water spray
could touch it as seen at a distance as you walk
along the terraces. And the variegated Plane,
with its piebald foliage, makes an effective
round-headed ornamental tree. Barring the
Spanish Chestnut, formerly referred to, there is
nothing for polish and for delicate greenery
more effective than the Tulip tree (Lirioden-
dron tulipiferum). We certainly agree with
Mr. BuUen in looking upon this as one of the
best of town trees, particularly in such a good
sunny season — much hotter than usual — that we
are passing through. For round-heady, bushy,
squaHooking lawn trees, the various varieties of
Thorns stand out prominent, and their leafage,
small, but crowded together, catches the eye in
scanning a landscape. Sycamores, and Elms, and
Service trees, all do excellently here ; and, embo-
somed under their shade no shrubs are more
effective than the Golden Elder and the Dog-
wood, and the various species of Rubus, among
which R. nutkaensis takes the lead. Its free
palmate foliage shows up well, and it makes a
fine frontage in an irregular shrubbery border.
The weeping Silver Lime is a magnificent tree,
its large-sized leaves, turning up their under sur-
face under the influence of the breeze, are very
striking indeed; and how well those Copper
Beeches come in to relieve the masses of
greenery ! Common Beeches do excellently, being
here as large timber trees, but Oaks do not ; they
go on well for a few years, and then die.

Conifers of every description refuse to do well
hereabouts ; not even the Austrian Pine is with-
out flaw, and it is about the best scavenger wo
have in an evergreen way for a town. All these
trees have been planted for years, and with a
view, of course, to future effect ; and now we
can see the desirability and success of the arrange-
ment. Masses of bedding-out plants are grouped
over the lawn, the Pelargonium beds this year

being as scarlet with flowers as the most pro-
nounced colour in that way of a soldier's coat.

Herbaceous and alpine plants are dying — at
least, the weaklings of them — with the drought.
The collection of them here, which is a very
extensive one, has been arranged after the order
of J3entham and Hooker's Genera Plantanim.
It is one of the first so arranged, I believe, under
Mr. BuUen's direction, and is largely taken
advantage of by the students of the University
close by. These arrangements, for the sake of
inspection, must be all more or less formal, and
put one in mind of the grounds of a miniature
cemetery, with grass here instead of gravel walks
separating the parallelograms. The contour of
the ground is undulating, and is admirable in
every way for showing life of the kind to great
advantage. It is bounded on the north by the
river Kelvin, which is not a " purling brook "
nowadays, and the burgh of Maryhill on its oppo-
site bank might well be " thrown in," to get all
the privileges which such a garden affords by
erecting a bridge to connect the two.

The houses are far more numerous than the plants
at present commendably justify, hence the expense
in keeping ; indeed, there might be some extra charge
made to inspect the houses, supposing the town
authorities were taking the garden over. The public
might relish the sight more, and pay more attention
to the contents.

The Ewmg range is now the oldest, being erected
against a lofty wall, which forms the back of various
service-houses, such as tool-houjes, store-houses, &c.
As you enter there is an annexe containing a very
fine collection of cool Ferns, amonp which are
several Todea superba intermedia, in very excellent
style ; also Todea pellucida, Hyraenophyllum de-
missum by the yard ; also Tunbridgense, all growing
profusely, the interior not over dark either — indeed,
the whole of the hardy Fern race of the rarer kinds
that are located here do notably well. No. 1 house is
devoted principally to Amaryllis ; No. 2 to mixed
Ferns ; No. 3 to a grand lot of Maidenliair and a fewgood
Gleichenias ; No. 4 to Ferns, Begonias, and Aroids ;
No. 6 to a miscellaneous lot of foliage plants, and
here, as on all the brick walls, some good climbers
adorn them, nothing better than the Heliotrope-
coloured flowers of Plumbago capensis in great
profusion, with a good setting of pale green leafage,
also Cestrum aurantiacum, with its orange, star-like
flowers, smelling sweetly at night. This plant would
do generally for most folks but for the pungent pea-
meal like odour of its leaves. No. 6 has a miscel-
laneous assortment, some flowering, some foliage
plants, all in good health.

Passing from this to the lower and principal range,
to which we have previously referred, everything in
the furnishing way for setting down plants is A 1.
The heating-power is excellent, the boilers being of
Mr. BuUen's own design, and answering well — the
price seems to be tlie most fatal objection to their
general use. No. 1 here has a specially fine lot of
Ferns ; No. 2 has Ferns and Orchids of the cooler
regions; No. 3 has some magnificently grown Azaleas,
remarkable Encephalartos villosa, Cycads, Zamias,
and some Rhododendrons of the finer Sikkim breed ;
No. 4 is a house of miscellaneous ornamental plants ;
No. 5 is the succulent-house in very fine condition
throughout ; No. 6 is the great central Palm-house,
which has quantities of plants badly requiring fresh
boxing, the roots protruding in all directions, but no
funds are available for tubs in the meantime ; No. 7 is
the medicinal and economic-iiouse ; No. 8 is a Fern-
huuse of the hotter regions of the globe ; No. 9 is a
foliage-house, comprising many excellent things ; No.
10 is composed cliiefly of tropical Orchids, the Vandas
going along well ; No. 11 is the Victoria-house,
with a lot of excellent Pitcher plants suspended from
the roof, Mastersiaua and Raffiesiana being the most
prominent. The wonder is to see all these things
with a minimum of help, and nothing spent but
actual wages, and as much fuel as will keep the

tropical plants moving, in a generally satisfactory
condition.

The Great Winter Garden, once the Kibble Palace,
is certainly not the least attractive of th(( sights, and,
what is of consequence, the atmosphere is always
pleasing ; moreover, the promenading space is aiuple
and the tree and shrub life, such as it is, may be seen
equalled but not excelled. The Tree Ferns, the
Kentias, the Araucarias, the Camellias, and over and
above all the great excellence and variety of the
Sikkira Rhododendrons command general attention,
and indeed when these plants are in bloom they are
worth a long journey to see.

With the International Exhibition of next year
coming ou under the auspices of the municipality, if
the gardens are to be retained as their property,
what a splendid nucleus they would be to draw from
for the various fites the entertainment committee
proposes to have during the season ! In addition to
helping the two great shows they have purposed
organising — one at the end of May and the other at
the end of September — these gardens could be drawn
upon, and that, too, at a minimum of expense ; and
from what is generally known of Mr. BuUen, the
Curator, who has had more or less to do with nearly
all the great shows of the country since 1866, one
feels quite satisfied that he would do ample justice
to the centre he is living in at the present time.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

MAXILLAKIA MOLITOR. h. ^^p*

One of those small species near Maxillaria grandi-
flora, Lindl. ; it has similar bulbs and leaves, and is
stated to be Ecuadorean. The flowers are smaller, and
the sepals are not acuminate but simply acute; the
lateral ones less broad, all yellow tinged with brown
at the superior halves outside ; petals smaller, oblong
lanceolate, often reflexed at the top, as lateral sepals
are always, yellow. Lip trifid, side lacini?e rounded,
mid-lacinia triangular, blunt, wavy. Disc mealyover
its surface from broken hairs, which condition sug-
gested the name. A transverse crescent-shaped naked
callus in the middle, sometimes blunt triangular-
The part that is not covered with those cellules is
yellow inside, spotted on the margins with brown
dots on lateral laciniae, quite brown on front lacinia.
Column yellow with red spots in front; bract equal
to the stalked ovary. Sheaths y^ry acuminate, con-
spicuous, not so broad as are those of Maxillaria
grandiflora, Lindl. I had this interesting plant first
from Herr Garten-Inspector Ortgies, Botanic Gar-
den, Zurich, February, 1884 ; then it came several
times from Herr Consul Kienast-Ziilly, Hirslanden-
Zurich ; and now it is at hand from Mr. B. S. Williams,
of the Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, who received
it from Mr. Catt, gardener to J. C. Parr, Esq., Grap-
penhall, Heyes, near Warrington. //. G. Bckb.f.

Dendrobidm polyphlebidm, Hchb.f. (X ?) and VAR,
Emerici, n. var.
I had great satisfaction in learning that Major-
General Emeric S. Berkeley, whose friendly gift
of dried flowers I had quoted, when describ-
ing this rare, fine, and mysterious plant, collected
at three instances the novelty, and purchased ib
once at a considerable price. I have obtained
from my indefatigable, enthusiastic correspond-
ent, several supplies of fresh flowers grown at
Sibbertoft, near Market Ilarborough, and thus
there is no doubt left that the dried flowers

* Maxillaria molitor, n. sp. — Affinis Maxillarice grandiflowe,
Lindl. : pcdunculo dense ac anguate acuminateque vaginato;
bractea acuminata ovarium pedicellatum subsequale ; sepalis
triangaUa obtuse acutig, lateralibus apice retiexis; tepalis
lanceis brevioribus, labello tri5do laciuiia lateralibus obtus-
angulis, lacinia medtana triangula obtusa crispula, callo semi-
lunari transverso antrorso eeu obtu.se triangulo medio in disco
calvo, disco ex pilis fractis furfuraeeo seu fariuoso.— Flores
Bordideflavi; sepalis apice extus rufo bruuneis; tepala flava,
labellum flavum. margine laciniarum lateralium brunneo
punctatum, lacinia antica omnino brunneo-marginato. inferne
omnino brunnea. Columna flava punctis antica rufis. H. G.
Sckb.f.

AnousT 27, 1887.]

THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

243

sent long ago are identical with those of Mr. O. Winn,
grown by Mr. Swan in May of this year. No doubt
Major-General E. S. Berkeley first collected this
plant.

What this gentleman calls his best variety (No. 1),
has exceedingly clean, bright colours. A white line
runs outside over the mid vein of the lateral sepals.
The dark transverse blotch on the anterior area of the
lip is interrupted by an amethyst colour bar. The
anterior apiculate border is pure white, changing then
to straw-colour. What I saw had a most powerful
smell of Khubarb, or of Dendrobium Parishii.
This, the variety Emerici, is a lovely thing. I think,
the general No. 2 might serve under the same ban-
ner. It has the anterior marginal border of the lip
yellowish, the petals have likewise a whitish stripe
on the longitudinal vein outside. It is stated to
have no Rhubarb smell. As to this, we know per-
fume depends upon the degree of heat — most
probably from the health of the plant ; finally, if
there is perfume, it is often differently judged. I
should not wonder if No. 2 would give the best
Rhubarb smell ne.\t year.

The No. 3 of the Sibbertoft collection is very near
the original type, inasmuch as the transverse anterior
dark area of the lip is continuous and, like the lip
itself, is blunt.

May I add some very valuable information given
me by the possessor of this series. No. 4 of which did
not flower this season. " The stems of the plant are
covered wiih a white epidermis. The size of the stem
is intermediate between the drooping form of Den-
drobium Parishii, Kchb. f., and of D. Pierardi, Roxb.,
but is much shorter and stouter than in ordinary
Pierardi." (.July 6.) " I do not crnsider it correct to
say that the growth is like D. Pierardi latifolium.
They are much like V>. rhodopterygium, Rchb. f."
{July 12.)

Happy those who may see the days when acute
obsciTers will be sent out as State officers, not to be
judged by the weight of packages sent full of dried
specimens, living plants, and seeds, but by the
value of their scientific observations. Who is young
enough to entertain the hope to see such days ? H.
G. Bohb.f.

CvPEirEDIUM PEvESTANS, Kchb.f,

I wrote concerning this plant at the end of De-
cember, and now, in July, a fine blooming, fresh
inflorescence lies on my table. The light green
peduncle is marbled with brown, and covered with
hairs. The bracts were less developed in the garden
plant than in the fine wild specimen, and at the time
of flowering they were dark brown and dry, which
can scarcely be the natural state. You may describe
the flower as having the sepals of Cypripedium
Roebbelenii, the petals of Cypripedium Parishii, and
the lip of Cypripedium Stonei. The column is very
peculiar. The staminode is like the tabular horse-
saddle, such as the poor circus girls, who jump
through hoops covered with thin paper, are provided
with. The ascending acute stigma is peculiar also.
A similar column may be found in Cypripedium
glanduligerum, El. ! Sepals white, with purple-cin-
namon longitudinal stripes. Petals ochre-coloured
with a brown mid-line, and some dark, blackish-brown
warts, which have some bristles of the same colour.
Lip of the lightest greenish-ochre colour, showing
pellucid nerves and blotches. Staminode yeUow.

The description was given by me in vol. xxvi.. No.
677, p. 776, December 18, 1886. That of Cypripedium
callosum is in the same volume. No. 663, p. 326,
September 11, 1886. Both descriptions are not to
be found in the Hegister. It is eminently satisfactory
to have the plant in flower so very soon, and Messrs.
Linden may well be congratulated on their success.

The Cypripedium glanduligerum, Bl. (not found
by Blume, but by Zippel), stands nearest, yet its
petals, sepals, and colour, distinguish it remarkably.
Then there is a Cypripedium Gardneri, Guille-
mard (see Gardeners Chronicle, vol. i., 3rd series,
No. 12, March 9, 1887, p. 383). My excellent
firiend, Mr. G. Baker, J.R.S., was so very kind
as to send me a copy of a tracing from a pho-

tograph, sent to Kew by Dr. Guillemand, and
returned. How regrettable are such publications.
We learn nothing about the nature of the indis-
pensable column. The indication of colours is
different from those seen in Cvpripedium praistans.
The dorsal sepal is said to be marked with alternate
stripes of dark brown and yellow. The petals are
said to be tinged with purple. The lip is said to be
ofa paler shade of the same colour as that of the
dorsal sepal, less distinctly striate. About the ques-
tion of pubescence I know nothing. The figure is
very small, and not better than a small outline. As

WATER-LILY FLY.

to the period of publication, Mr. Rolfe kindly says,
" July to December, 18S6." Tobie Island may at one
time been a part of Papua or New Guinea. I learn
from Mr. William Threlfall that it was named in
honour of Mr. Gardiner, a physiologist at Cambridge,
and that a collector is in search of the plant. Thus wo
may have become sure about the plant, and there will
soon be the modern state of things as regards rare
plants. Out of a large cargo a few will come alive
to Europe, and there will be none left in the native
country ! Erit ilium 1 H. G. Rchb. f.

Fig. 60.— yellow water-lily (nuphar lutea), with
eggs inside the fl0wfb3 of the real size,
petaohed eggs magxified.

Mtsiocaepa colipensis, Liebm*
A fine specimen of this striking Urticaceous
plant was sent to the Kew Herbarium some weeks
since by Mr. Owen Thomas, of the Chatsworth Gar-
dens. It is new to cultivation, and of fine bold
habit ; the branches are about an inch thick, fleshy
and puberulous. The petioles are 10 to 12 inches
long, stout, compressed, terete, channelled down
the face, and puberulous like the stem. The
blade of the leaf is 15 to 18 inches long, and 9 to
11 inches broad, when full grown, elliptic-acute,

* Myriocarpa colipensis, Liebmann. in Vid^nsk. Selsk. Skr,
5 ; Itekie, Nanurv. sg math . a/d., 3 bind. p. 306 ; M. longipes
(Liebm.) var. colipensic, Weddell, m DC. Pro*., vol. ic^n.,
pirt 1, p. 2.3.7 i:.3-i).

rounded at the base, crenate on the margin, harsh to
the touch from numerous short, rigid hairs ; beneath
the midrib and the primary veins are clothed with an
adpressed pubescence ; the colour of the leaves is
bright green. The female inflorescence (I have not
seen the male) consists of pendulous, slender, forked
spikes, 18 — 24 inches long, densely covered along one
side with small flask-shaped ovaries. The plant is a
native of Mexico, and where room can be spared for
its growth will make a bold and effective appearance.
N. E. Brown.

THE YELLOW WATER-LILY FLY

It has long been known that the common flesh-
fly, deceived in its instinct by the strong smell of the
flowers of Stapelia hirsuta, will lay its eggs in large
numbers within those flowers instead of upon carrion
or meat. A nearly similar instance is now to be
recorded of another insect which, apparently in like
manner deceived by the strong smell of the common
yellow Water Lily, Nuphar luteum, which is stated
to resemble brandy, deposits its eggs on the
petals of this flower in large patches, each consisting
of several scores of eggs (nearly one hundred having
been counted in one of the three groups of eggs),
and on one flower.

We were indebted to the Rev. W. Houghton,
F.R.S., about the beginning of last July for speci-
mens of these infested flowers, which, however,
quickly withered, so that we were not able to trace
the transformations of the insect to the perfect
state.

The eggs, each of which exceeds a millimetre in
length, are fastened together irregularly, but gener-
ally longitudinally; they are elongate-ovate, rounded
at each end, and each is seen, when highly magnified,
to be covered with a fine network or reticulation, of
more or less circular or subhexagonal cells (fig. 60,
left-hand). It is to be presumed that the larva;
when hatched feed upon the fleshy petals of the
flowers, and that their transformations are rapid.

In the absence of direct observations of the trans-
formation of these eggs we are under the necessity
of recurring to the notices of dipterologists, espe-
cially Robineau Desvoide, whose work {Essai sur
les Myodaires, 4to), contains such a store of notes on
the habits of the species of the immense genus Musca,
of LinuiBus. In p. 508 he states that Stagnia
nymphffiarum is found in July on the " Nenufar des
etangs et des marais tourbeux," and in p. 525 that
Lispe nymphffiicola is common on the large leaves of
the Nenuphar, adding, " J'ai surpris une femelle
pondant une quantite prodigieuse d'teufs lenticulaires
sur les petal s du Nymphaja nymphoides ; " and at
p. 785 he has formed a genus Nupharia, of which the
type species, N. rivularis, is met with in July and
August on the flowers of Nymphxa lutea.

Our English species, Lispe tentaculata (fig. 59)
appears to be the only one of the above which may
fairly be attributed to that which deposits its eggs on
onr yellow Water Lily. It is described by De Geer
{Ins., vi.,42), and by Walker {British Dipiera, vol. ii.,
pi. 13, fig. 1), and measures about a quarter of an
inch in length, and nearly half an inch in the
expansion of its wings. It is black, covered with an
ashy down, and is hoary beneath ; the head is gilded
in front, and the thorax has four black lateral stripes
and a thinner central one ; the wings are grey, the
alulets whitish ; the abdomen with three whitish
nearly triangular spots on each segment ; the middle
legs are the longest in both sexes, and the basal joint
of the hind tarsus has a tuft of bristles on the under
side near the base. It inhabits the borders of ponds
and lakes. The antenniB (represented on the left
side of fig. 59) have the terminal seta clothed with
fine bristle. /. 0. W.

MiNA LOBATA.— This is now in bloom in No. 4
h6use at Kew, and is so singular and withal so pretty
that we can but commend it to the notice of pur
readers. It was figured at pp. 684, 685 of our issue
for November 27, l'?86.

244

THE GJEDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AnocsT 27, 1887.

Scotland.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS AT BLANTYRE.
The Carnations, Hollyhocks, and Pansies exhibited
by Mr. M. Campbell, of Auchinraith Nurseries,
Blantyre, Lanarkshire, have been so successful at
shows for many years that we determined to view
them at their home recently. We have rarely seen
Carnations and Picotees cultivated with such com-
plete success, and certainly did not expect to find
such vigorous health and brilliant colouring in the
murky atmosphere of north-west Lanarkshire. Cut
Mr. Campbell's location is high, and though near
the numerous coal mines and chimneys which are
continually pouring forth impurities into the at-
mosphere, they lie all to the east and north of his
position, and as the prevailing winds in the district
being from the west, he enjoys a comparatively pure
air. The soil, though naturally good and well
drained is highly cultivated and enriched with
composts chiefly of charred materials, wood ashes,
burned turf and weeds. Mr. Campbell holds
that any compost intended to be applied to
Carnations should pass through the fire. Soot is a
favourite manure with him for them and produces a
wonderful eff'ect on the vigour and colour of the
plants when applied after they are put out and have
got a good hold of the ground. We noted the
following varieties of Carnations as particularly
excellent and vigorous in habit, and free blooming.

Yellow Selfs. — Pride of Penshurst, Florence, and
King of Yellows, each very distinct.

White Selfs. — Virgo, remarkably fine form and pure
colour ; Boule de Niege, large flowers.

Crimson, Scarlet, and Rose Selfs. — The Mayoress,
rich dark velvety maroon, large, full form, perfect ;
new. Wm. Harding, rose-scarlet, brilliant, and in
every respect fine ; new. Guy Mannering, deepest
maroon. Dot, delicate pink ; very attractive.

Pink and Purple Bizarres. — Madame Gyles, a
novelty of this season, raised by Mr. Dodwell, show-
ing every good quality of its class, and regarded as
a great acquisition ; Edward Rowan, another by the
same raiser, sent out this season a seedling from
Harrison Weir, with clear brilliant markings on a
pure white ground; John Payne, a very richly
coloured distinct sort.

Crimson Bizarri's.— John S. Hedderley (Dodwell),
new this season ; a splendid variety. Joseph Lakin,
also new, by the same raiser ; briUhant clear mark-
ings on very pure ground. Mrs. Towle, sent out
from the same source last year, and is admittedly one
of the most beautiful Carnations in cultivation.

Scarlet Bizarres. — Reginald Power (Dodwell), new
this season, splendid smooth form, beautifully marked
with rich maroon and scarlet. Thomas Storer, also
new this season, large, full, smooth, great substance,
and rich clear colouring. George, an older variety,
of grand properties in every respect.

Scarlet Flakes. — Matador, an old varietv of sterling
merits ; Figaro, also an old sort, of unsurpassable
e.xcellence ; John Whitman, introduced last season,
very boldly marked and distinct ; Wm. Roberts, new
this season, exceptionally fine in form, colouring, and
substance.

Rose Flakes. — Mrs. Gawn, new last season, one of
the finest of its class ; Mrs. Carter, an old varietv of
choice quality ; Dorothy, also an old variety o( great
beauty and excellent form and substance ; Rob Roy,
dark rose flake, of great size and magnificent form.
Dolly 'Varden is a rich and beautiful sort.

Purple Flakes.— Mr. Ward, new last season, a
grand variety ; Bijou, not so large as many, but of
very fine quality.

Picotees. — These are grown largely, and with per-
fect success. Space will not admit of our giving an
extended list, but we may remark that only sorts of
the most distinct character and highest excellence
are kept in the collection after being proved. Two
seedlings of great merit we noted especially ; they
are Mrs. Campbell and Nellie Brown, the former a
light red-edged variety, of faultless form and great
substance, was awarded a First-class Certificate by

the Glasgow and West of Scotland Horticultural
Society last year; the latter is a deep red, wire-
edged sort, of very superior merits. Both were
raised by Mr. Campbell, and will be sent out next
spring.

Pansies of the fancy class are grown largely, and
Mr. Campbell is a successful raiser. One of his
seedlings of last year, not yet sent out is named
Miss French, and has attracted much attention
wherever it has been shown this season, and it has
been awarded four First-class Certificates. The
flowers are large, of great substance, blotches clear
deep dark purple-crimson, shaded with gold, and edged
with brilliant crimson. Another seedling, not yet
out, has deep purple-shaded blotches clearly and
evenly edged white, and took 1st prize this season
at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Show, as being
tlie best flower exhibited, and received a First-class
Certificate on the same occasion.

Dahlias. — Of these a large collection is grown, but
at the date of our visit they were not sufficiently ad-
vanced to show the general character of the collec-
tion. Among the newer sorts we noticed Colonist,
one of this season's introduction, which beside ex-
hibiting first-rate qualities of form, is distinct and
novel in its colours, which are shaded chocolate and
fawn ; Harry Keith, introduced last season, rose-
purple flowers — very large and excellent in form ;
Richard Dean, a deep purple — good form ; Henry
Eckford, a beautiful light buff striped scarlet, which
distinguished itself last season at the Crystal Palace
by taking the 1st prize as the best fancy Dahlia
exhibited. We can only further refer to Mrs. Glad-
stone, which is perhaps the best show Dahlia ever
raised.

Hollyhocks. — These are a specialty of Mr. Camp-
bell's. We have not for many years seen so exten-
sive a collection, or a collection of any extent so
entirely free from disease— not a speck of the disas-
trous fungus has touched them. Every plant is in
robust health. Mr. Campbell states that he keeps the
disease completely under, not by destroying affected
plants, but by removing every leaf that shows anv
symptoms of the fungus as soon as it is detected.
This is done in spring, the affected plants being
placed in gentle heat and encouraged to grow
vigorously. They are closely watched, and every leaf
is removed that exhibits any appearance of the
disease. A full collection is grown, among which
we recognised many old friends which we had thought
were lost, so long is it since we have met with them.
Among the older varieties we noted Hercules-
creamy white ; Queen of Yellows, Lady Middleton,
bright pink; and Memnon, crimson. 'Varieties of
more receut introduction were well represented by
Lord Decis, one of the finest crimsons ; Queen of
Beauties, fine pink, magnificent spike; Alexander
Whitelaw, white, perfect in form ; and John Lyon, a
very fine white and salmon flower, raised bv Mr.
Campbell.

Macddff Horticultural Association.

The annual show of plants, flowers, vegetables'
and fruit, was held in the Town Hall, Macdufl'',
on Wednesday, the 17th inst., and was attended
with great success. There was an excellent displav
of Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Liliums, Ferns, and
Mosses.

Mr. Donald, gr., Troup House, took first honours
for the best collection of cut flowers with a fine stand,
and also the special prize for a collection of fruit.
The basket of vegetables from Troup Gardens, which
carried off the 1st prize, contained some splendid
Potatos, Leeks, and Onions ; Jlr. W. Pirie took the
second place with a very fine collection. Cut
flowers formed one of the most attractive sections in
the show, the Roses, Asters, Marigolds, and Pansies,
being large and beautiful. For table bonqueta and
basket of flowers Miss Nieol, Macduff, secured the
principal honours.

The show of fruit was, on the whole, good for the
season. Gooseberries, Currants, and Strawheixies,
being in excellent condition considering the now
advanced period of the year.

The show of vegetables was quite up to, if not
exceeding, the standards of previous years. Most of
the honours in this section fell to Mrs. Smith, Mill
of Boyndie ; Mr. William Bagrie, Macduff; and Mr.
William Cowie, Culphin of Park.

Specially worthy of notice was the collection of
named specimens of local wild flowers from Miss
Lizzie F. Renton, Schoolhouse, Macduff.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

ANGULOA UNIFLORA.
A SPECIES discovered in the mountains of Colombia
by M. Linden, and suitable for cultivation in a warm
greenliouse, itsreqiiirements being easily satisfied. The
flowers are in shape like those of other Anguloas, but
pure white, and with a delicious perfume. The lip
is described by Kegel as jointed to tlie base of the
column, and therefore readily mobile, the object of
the movement not being known, but probably being
in some way connected with the fertilisation of the
flower.

Odontoglossum cuspidatum, Illitst. Hort., t. 99.

Flowers in racemes, 4 — 5 inches across, with linear-
oblong segments, of a clear yellow, heavily barred
with chestnut-brown. The base of the lip is four-
sided, white with chestnut blotches, while the fore-
part has the form and coloration of the other
segments. It is one of those plants to which Pro-
fessor Reichenbach prefixes +,to indicate its un-
known origin.

LiPLESS CrPRIPEDIUM.

M. Godefroy-Lebreuf sends us four flowers of C.
barbatum produced on one plant, all destitute of a
lip. In two of the flowers there is in front of the
column a thick thread-like process, which may repre-
sent the missing lip or the third stamen of the inner
row, a 3 ; we incline to think the latter, as it is con-
nected with the base of the column.

Dendrobium purpureum var. candidulum.
This curious plant is figured in the Ilhistration
Horticole, t. 9S, from a plant lately reintroduced into
Europe from New Guinea by M. Auguste Linden.
The superficial resemblance of the heads of flowers
to a Chrysanthemum is so striking that it is no
wonder that people unacquainted with Orchids should
confound it with this plant. It requires a warm
greenhouse.

Law Notes,

THE GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY AND

NURSERY GARDEN PROPERTY AT

STRATFORD.

At the Royal Courts of Justice, on the 19th
inst., Mr. Christopher Oakley, land agent and sur-
veyor, of 10, Waterloo Place, concluded his enquiry
as arbitrator into the case of Andrews v. The Great
Eastern Railway Co. The case was divided into two
distinct parts, each of which was heard separately ;
the first part being a claim for damage to the pro-
ducts of the nursery by the smoke of the Company's
locomotives, owing to negligence on the part of the
engine-drivers ; and second an inquiry as to the value
of the claimant's freeliold and trade interests in the
garden, the Company having agreed to take them over
at a value to be fixed by arbitration.

The claimant, Mr. Edwin Andrews, purchased in
1872 a piece of land at Temple Mills Lane, Strat-
ford New Town, nearly 2 acres in extent. At the
time the land had only a crop of sprouting Broccoli
upon it, but he soon began to develope it as a nur-
sery garden. Land in the neighbourhood rapidly
increased in value for building purposes, and the
claimant was able, by the sale of his frontages to
building speculators, to raise the necessary capital to
meet the cost of building greenhouses and other-

AcGDST 27, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

245

wise developing his nursery garden, wliich was now
■diminished in extent to 1 acre 1 rood 17 poles.
According to the evidence of Mr. Andrews, at the
first part of the hearing, his operations as a Grape
grower, nurseryman, and florist, tlirove well, and
each year the return from the garden showed a con-
siderable increase over its predecessor, until 1880,
when the Kaihvay Company completed some exten-
fiions of their lines close to his garden. The traffic
by the gardens then increased largely, and locomo-
tives were always stopping in the neighbourhood,
and emitting volumes of thick black smoke. This
■caused a grimy deposit to settle upon the flowers in
the garden and upon the Grapes in tiie vineries. It
settled upon the glasshouses so thickly that it
materially aftected the supply of light to the Grapes.
&c., inside, thus prejudicing their development.
Prior to this time he did a large business with flower-
sellers of cut blooms : he realised large profits on his
Grapes, which he was able to grow with a bloom
upon them ; and his Cucumbers had gained a reputa-
tion in the neighbourhood. In 1874-5 his profits
were £500 to £600 a year, and after that they con-
tinued to increase, so that up till the time of this
smoke nuisance, he had been expecting soon to see
them rise to £1000 a year. The black aud
greasy deposit upon his flowers, Grapes, &c.. however.
lad a very prejudicial effect upon their selling value,
iind instead of increasing, his profits, from that
time, decreased. In 1881 he recovered £500 damages
from the Railway Company for this injur}', it being
lield that the company's engine drivers had been
iguilty of negligence in not using the improved appli-
■ances with which the engines were supplied for
■consuming their own smoke. The claimant states
that the nuisance was not abated after the conclusion
of the case; he has continued to suffer injur}' from
■the same cause, his jirofits dwindling away to nil.
This year he brought a second action against the
Company for damages, and the claim was referred
to Mr. Oakley for arbitration, and for the further
assessment of the value of the claimant's interests in
the garden, which the Company agi-eed to take over
from him at Mr. Oakley's valuation. Mr. Oakley
commenced the inquiry with respect to the claim for
damages on June 22, and completed it on the 30th.

Mr. Andrews gave evidence to the eff'ect above
stated, and a large number of flower hawkers coito-
borated him as to the grimy deposit upon the flowers
supplied by him after 1S80. The claimant also called
the following nurserymen and florists in support of
his evidence : — Mr. Alfred Tyrrell, Cottage Nursery,
Mary Street, Alfred Street, Bow Road ; Mr. Edward
Wilson, of Leyton and Forest Gate ; and Mr. Amos
Matthews, of 11, Lawrence Road, Green Street,
Enfield. Besides these a number of professional
witnesses were called, who gave scientific evidence
as to the nature of the deposit they found upon the
claimant's plants, and its effect ; and other evidence
was called to show that, used with proper care, the
locomotives of the Company ought to cause no
smoke nuisance whatever.

On behalf of the Company it was contended that
there had been no carelessness on the part of the
engine-drivers. All reasonable care had been used
with the engines, for the Company had only worked
the line within their legal rights. The principal cause
of the sooty deposits upon the claimant's jjlants, it
was alleged, was a large brickfield and some large
factories in the immediate neighbourhood. In addi-
tion to the evidence of the Company's employes and
professional witnesses in support of these theories,
Mr. French examined the following nurserymen and
florists: — Mr. Jas. Sweet, of Leyton and Waltham-
stow; JL-. James Fraser, of Lea Bridge Road, Leyton;
and Mr. Samuel Wilkinson, of Bow Road, who con-
sidered the locality unsuitable for a market garden,
and that the claimant's operations had not been
altogether skilful. Some flower dealers were also
called to show that from the time to whicli it dated
back the deposit on the claimant's plants could not
be entirely ascribed to the Company's engines.

Mr. Oakley reserved his award for damages pending
the inquiry into the second part of the claim as to
the value of the land, the erections upon it, and the

general trade interests. This inquiry was com-
menced on the 16th inst., and was continued four
days.

Mr. Waddy submitted that his client was to be
bought out upon the basis of the Lands Clauses Con-
solidation Act— as if the Company were acquiring com-
pulsory possession of his property for railway opera-
tions, in which case they would have to ]>ay the cost
of his reinstatement. In considering tlie value of
the claimant's trade interests it must be borne in
mind that he had a practical monopoly of the dis-
trict, and that the taking of his garden would mean
the annihilation of his business, as he should show
it was impossible to find a suitable piece of ground
to which to transfer the business anpvhere in the
neighbourhood.

Mr. Andrews again gave evidence to show what
the value of the business was, and the amount which
he had expended in developing it. He could not give
the figures, as he kept no accounts. He gauged his
profits by his balance at tlie bank at the end of each
year. Since the commencement of this action the
nuisance from the locomotives had greatly decreased,
showing that it was due to the negligence of the
Company's servants.

Mr. G. Colegravc. solicitor, of Mansfield Street,
Portland Place, said he knew the district in question
well, and was aware of no available land there suit-
able for the claimant to transfer his business to. He
also gave evidence as to the value of land in the
neighbourhood.

Mr. H. II. Collins, surveyor to the Eastern Dis-
trict of the City, architect, &c., of 61, Old Broad
Street, gave similar evidence. He had made
a careful survey of the claimant's garden, and
prepared a valuation to the following eft'ect: —
Land, residence, and stables, fences, &c., with
10 per cent, added for compulsory sale, £1775 ;
eleven glasshouses (accepting the estimate of Mr.
Dashwood, horticultural builder), £1950; pits, £130 ;
hot-water pipes, £553; boilers, &c., as fixed, £206;
retaining walls in pits and greenhouses, £176 ; rain-
water tanks, cisterns, reservoir, dead well. &c„ £100 ;
502 Vines, including borders— say £3 each— £1506.;
well with pump, £50 ; water piping, £75 : total,
£6251 2s. To this he would add thi-ee years' pur-
chase of the proceeds of the business for goodwill.
He had no means of ascertaining what they were ;
but taking the claimant's estimate of £1000 a-year,
£3000 would have to be added on that account. He
thought it would take the claimant at least three
years tore-establish himself in his present condition.

Mr. Banister Fletcher, of 29, New Bridge Street,
and Jlr. Alfred Saville, of 39, New Broad Street,
surveyors, gave evidence which substantially cor-
roborated that of Mr. Collins. Mr. Saville con-
sidered, however, that in addition to the three years
Mr. Collins allowed for the development of a new
business, a year should be allowed the claimant to
find a suitable site to transfer his business to.

Mr. Arthur Dashwood, greenhouse builder, of
Wimbledon, gave in detail the valuation of the
claimant's greenhouses which the professional wit-
nesses had adopted in their general valuation. He
considered the houses strongly built, and in every
way suitable for their purpose. He valued them at a
little under the price lie should charge for erecting
houses of that size of the kind he called his second
class.

Mr. Edward Bennett, consulting gardener, nursery-
man and florist, was examined as to the condition
and value of the claimant s Grapes and "Vines. He
said he had been over all the vineries in the
claimant's garden, and he was of opinion that the
Vines were gi-own in a scientific manner. He found
the Grapes a healthy promising crop, without the
smallest sign of any shanking or scalding. Ho con-
sidered them a good class of Grapes, and estimated
their average value at 2s. 6(/. per pound. He allowed
nothing off that amount for cost of production, as he
considered the Cucumbers, Tomatos, flowers, &c.,
which could be gi'own under the Vines would defray
that, and leave the Grapes all clear profit. Apart
from the nuisance caused by the smoke from the
railway, he knew of no reason why Grapes should

not be grown with advantage in the cl aiinant'
garden. The conditions otherwise were favourable,
and the garden was not so much closed in as his own

Mr. John Hayes, consulting nurseryman and florist,
also gave evidence with regard to the claimants
vineries. He ^concurred with the views which Mr.
Bennett had expressed.

Mr. French, in opening the case of the Railway
Company, submitted that his clients were not to be
called upon to take over the claimant's garden under
the provisions of the Lands Clauses Consolidation
Act, but upon the footing of an incoming tenant
taking over a going concern. All the Company had
to do was Do pay the value of the land and the fix-
tures upon it ; they were not to be called upon to
reinstate him. To compensate the claimant upon
the basis given would be to compensate him twice
over. As a matter of fact this ground was too close
to railways and to factories for a market garden,
and this was the reason there were no other nursery
gardens in the district. The claimant had disposed
of the frontage of his land, and it would be a most
difficult property to dispose of, and £30 was an out-
side rental value to put upon it. He should call
evidence to show that the claimant's greenhouses
were badly constructed and very dilapidated, and
that the valuations of his witnesses were most
exorbitant.

Mr. Samuel Deards (^Messrs. Deards & Co., horti-
cultural builders, Harlow), said he had examined the
claimant's vineries, greenhouses, and plant generally,
and his evidence as to their condition supported Mr.
French's statement. He considered that the green-
houses and vineries could be replaced at a cost of
6(/. per foot run. He gave a detailed valuation of
those structures and the whole plant of the claim-
ant's garden, the total amount being £1285 12;..

Mr. James Holden, Locomotive Superintendent to
the Great Eastern Railway Company at Stratford,
stated, in reference to Mr. Andrews' evidence as to the
alleged decrease of the smoke nuisance since tht-
commencement of the action, that the engine-
drivers had had no fresh orders given them what-
ever. All along they had been instructed to cause
as little smoke there as possible, and nothing mon
had been done since the commencement of thi^
case.

Mr. Waddy said the arbitrator saw the depo.srr
on the plants before, and if he would go there again
he would see how marked the difference now was.

Mr. Robert Vigers, surveyor, &c., of 4, Frederick s
Place, Old Jewry, said he had had a good deal of
experience in valuing nursery garden property. He
valued the claimant's freehold interests in the land,
residence, and stables, at £1150, and adopted Mr.
Deards' valuation as to tlie greenhouses and plant.
He would allow 10 per cent, for compulsory sale o*"
freehold interests, but not for anything else, and ht
did not make any allowance for the goodwill of th(
business, as he thought there was none.

Other surveyors gave similar evidence.

Mr. James Sweet was again called on behalf o'
the Company, and gave evidence which supported
that of Mr. Deards as to the condition and valne o'
the greenhouses, vineries, and plant upon the land.
He did not consider that the claimant's Grapes were
up to average quality, and valued them at an average
price of l.*;. per pound. He did not consider that
whatever might be grown under tlie Vines would
defray the cost of the production of the Grapes,
AVhen the Vines were about three years old they
shut off too much light for anything else to flourish
there. He considered that 25 per cent, must be
taken from the price realised by Grapes for cost of
production.

Mr. James Eraser, also recalled, gave evidenec
which entirely supported that of Mr. Sweet. Hr
considered that Mr. Sweet's and Mr. Deard.s' valua-
tions were outside valuations.

Mr. James Maurice Norman, land agent, surveyor,
and auctioneer, Uxbridge, said he had had a large
amount of experience in the value of vineries. He
had measured up the claimant's Vine-borders, an:
counted his Vine^. He found there were 499 Vinet;,

246

THE GABDENERS' CHRONir.LE.

[AuGrsT 27, 1887.

and he estimated the yield of Grapes at 3379 lb., and
to be on the safe side, put the figure at 3500 lb. He
priced them at \s, per pound, less 25 per cent, for cost
of production. This gave £131 5s., and he allowed
the claimant three years' purchase of that amount —
£393. He valued the Vines at Is. each, £62 10s., and
the Vine-borders at £180. The total value of the
vineries was thus £635 10s.

After hearing the arguments of counsel on both
sides, tlie Arbitrator reserved liis award, intimating
that he sliould again visit and inspect the loais in tpio.

"THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE."

CConiiiutcd from p, 121.)
Himalayan Rhodode;)deoxs. — I have already
alluded to Sir Joseph Hooker's missions to India, and
I would refer to his Himalayan Journals for the
main results oi" his explorations ; but, from a horti-
cultural standpoint, the discovery and introduction
into English gardens of the numerous and gorgeous
SiUkim Rhododendron was certainly one of his
greatest achievements. Out of forty-three species
he collected thirty were considered new to botanists,
and most of the otliers were yet unknown to horticul-
turists. It is true that several North Indian species
had been previously discovered and introduced by
Dr. Wallich and others. The first in the Magazine
is a white variety of R. arboreum (pi. 3290), whicli
flowered in 1<S31 in a conservatory in the garden of
Robert Baxter, Esq., of Dee Hills, Chester. This
was followed by R. campanulatum (pi. 3759), in
1840, flowered by Dickson, of Chester ; and in 1848
there appeared a figure of the only South Indian
species (or variety of arboreum), /.'•., nilagiricum. if
correctly so named, of which there is some doubt.
In 1833 the magnificent R. Dalliousi.t was figured
(pi. 4718) from a plant flowered by John Laing at
Dysart House, Kirkcaldy, tlie Earl of Rosslyn's
seat. This is one of the handsomest of the Indian
Rhododendrons, and its flowers, like those of R.
Maddenni, are highly fragrant. 'By inarching a shoot
of a young seedling of R. Dalhousias on a vigorous
plant of R. ponticum, Mr. Laing succeeded in
obtaining flowers of the former in so short a period
as three years from the time the seed was sown. R.
Maddeni was figured from a ])lant cultivated at Kew
in 1854. lu 1856 R. Blandtordiicflorum, R. Camel-
liocflorum, R. Edgcworthii. R. campanulatum var.
Wallichii, R. Falconeri, and R. Hookeri were figured
in the Magazine, besides two or three Malayan
species. . Every year, for several years after this,
added to the number of Himalayan Rhododendrons
flowei ing in Great Britain. The most noteworthy
one tliat appeared in the Magazine in 1857 was the
very beautiful and distinct R. Thomsoni (pi. 4997) ;
one of the hardiest of the Indian species. The next
volume contains portraits of R. argenteum and R.
Aucklandii ; and in 1859 there appeared, among
others, the gorgeous R. Nuttallii (pi. 5146), whose
delicate white and pink flowers are 6 inches across,
and unequalled in size by those of any other species.
Several handsome Malayan species have since been
illustrated in the Magazine ; and I may conclude
this paragraph witli the interesting fact in the dis-
tribution of plants that a true Rhododendron has
recently been detected in the mountains of Queens-
land, Australia.

Beoonias.
Begonia Evansiana, a native of Eastern Asia, was
figured in the Magazine as long ago as 1812
(pi. 1473), and the still highly valued B. incarnata
(B. insignis), from Mexico, in 1829 (pi. 2900) ; B.
fuchsioides is the subject of pi. 4281, and B. ciuna-
barinaof pl.4483; but the Begonia era did not actually
begin until some years later. In 1852 the handsome
leaved B. xanthina, from India, was published
(pi. 4683), and in 1859 Begonia Rex (pi. 5101), from
the same country ; the next plate representing B.
xanthina var. pictifolia. Tliese were tlie parents of a
numerous family of varieties having large orna-
mental foliage. Passing many other species, B.
boliviensis (pi. 5657) was, I believe, the first of the

showy tuberous-rooted species from the Andes.
This was quickly followed by B. Veitchii (pi. 5663),
B. Clarkei (pi. 5G75), and many otliers. What they
have yielded in the hands of florists is not a matter
of liistory. but still in evidence. Linnaeus, who only
established the genus from Plumier's drawings, did
not know a single species, and Willdenow described
only twenty-five in 1805. In 1864 De CandoUe
described upwards of 350, and subsequent discoveries
have doubtless increased this number to quite 41X1 ;
and more than sixty of these species have been
depicted in the Magazine, while numerous florists'
varieties have appeared in publications more espe-
cially devoted to such jdants.

Odvikaitoba.
Ouvirandra fenestralis, the Water Yam. or Lace-
leaf (pi. 4894), is a most curious plant, and may well
be regarded as one of the wonders of the vegetable
kingdom. The intrepid traveller and accomplished
botanist, Aubert duPetit-Thouars, discovered it and
published a description of it at the beginning of the
present century, and in 1837 it was figured from
dried specimens in Delessert's looms Sdccitr I'lan-
tarum ; but it was not till 1855 that living plants of
it were brought to this country by the late Rev. W.
Ellis, whose admirable writings on Madagascar, its
people, and products, constitute tlie basis of nearly
all subsequent literature on the same subjects. He
presented two plants to the Royal Gardens. Kew.
wliere thev flowered towards the end of the year, and
the figure cited above appeared in .January, 185^
A second species of Ouvirandra (0. Berneriana) from
tlie same country, is represented on plate 5076.
Apart from tlie skeleton-like leaves, Ouvirandra does
not difl'er mjiterially from the more familiar Apono-
geton, with which Bentham and Hooker have united
it. Several other species have been published since,
though none possessing the interest of the one under
consideration. Among other remarkable plants
introduced by Mr. Ellis I may mention the Angra;-
cum sesquipedale.*

Welwitschia mirabilis.

A few weeks after my arrival at Kew, in 1860, the
botanical world was excited to the highest pitch,
consequent on a letter, received by Sir William
Hooker from Dr. Welwitsch, describing this extremely
singular cone-bearing plant, then recently discovered
by the latter near Cape Negi'O in Western Tropical
Africa, and in the following year, some 500 miles
further south, by Jlr. Thomas Baines. In 1863 this
strange plant was illustrated in the Magazine (plates
5.368 and 6369) from material communicated by
J. Monteiro and C. .T. N. Anderson. Subsequently
copious specimens were received at Kew from various
sources, and several fruitless attempts to introduce
living plants were made ; or if the plants arrived
with any vitality in them they failed to grow. In
1882 several seedlings were raised at Kew, and they
served to reveal some important points in the life-
hi-story of the plant. Their growth is exceedingly
slow, and their cultivation very difficult. Wel-
witschia is very fully described and elaborately illus-
trated in the twenty-fourth volume of the Trans-
actions of the Linnran Society.

Sir William Hooker dedicated the ninetieth
volume of the Magazine, the last he lived to com-
plete, to Dr. Welwitsch, who survived him seven
years.

illSCELLANEA.

I will now briefly indicate a few other notewortliy
plants, chiefly of the last decade of the third period.
Coleus Blumei (pi. 4754) is a native of Java, or is
cultivated there, and Mr. Low, of Clapton, imported
it from Belgium, into this country, where it soon was
followed by other varieties, such as VerscliafTeltii,
Gibsoni, and Veitchii : all somewhat sombre in
coloration and by no means suggesting the infinite
and dazzling variety of a later date. Kniphofia
Uvaria (pi. 4816), which is one of tlie hardiest of
the South African Liliacea, would hardly be recog-

* See Gardeners' Chronicle, 1857, p. t'.'ia.

nised as the same as Tritonia Uvaria (pi. 758), but so
it is; and although cultivated in English gardens as
long ago as 1707, according to Gawler, it seems to
have attracted no special attention until about
thirty years ago. Cymbidium giganteum (pi. 4844)
is an Asiatic type of Orchid in which green
is associated with brighter colours in the large
flowers. Coelogyne pandurata (pi. 5.S04) is an
equally grand plant. Trichopilia coccinea (pi.
4857) is an elegant deep rosy Central American
Orchid of wholly different character. Cham^dorea
elegans (pi. 4.S45) is one of the numerous graceful
miniature Palms so numerous in Mexico and Central
America. Genetyllis tulipifera (pi. 4858). now
referred to the genus Darwinia, is one of Drum-
raond's most beautiful introductions from West Aus-
tralia though not often seen now that hard-wooded
plants are less in vogue. Clianthus Dampieri (pi.
5051), another brilliantly coloured Australian, in-
teresting, too, as one of the few plants discovered by
and figured in the narrative of the great explorer
whose name it bears. Plate 5080 represents one of
the earliest cultivated of the highly coloured Pitcher-
plants. It is there named Nepenthes villosa, but it
proved diff'erent from that and was subsequently named
N. Veitchii. The Hand-flower tree, Cheirostemon (or
correctly Clieiranthodendron) platanoides (pi. 5135),
a native of Mexico and Guatemala, where it if^, or
was, held in great veneration by the aboriginal in-
habitants, is one of the most remarkable of the
Malvales ; especially so in the structures of the an-
draecium or staminal column, which bears a striking
resemblance to a hand or p.aw of five claws. W. B. H.
< To be continued.)

STREPTOCARPUS KEWENSIS x .

We have already alluded, on more than one
occasion, to the new race of hybrid Streptocarpi,
raised by Mr. Watson, of Kew, and now take the
opportunity of figuring another of the varieties
already mentioned. Streptocarpus Kewensis X was
raised between S. Rexii and S. Dunnii, and has
trusses of great beauty.

Our illustration (fig. 61) was taken from a .sketch
made in the Royal Gardens by Mr. Weathers.

Trees and 'Shrubs-

CONIFERS AT DROPMORE.

Although a heavy sufferer under the fierce snow-
storm of last winter, yet the grand Douglas Fir still
retains much of that nobleness and beauty which
has marked it for many years. Whilst many of the
upper branches have been torn off, leavinj; sad
evidences of violence on the part of the elements, all
the base of the tree for some 30 feet high remains
intact, and displays fully the grandeur of the form
so recently possessed throughout. Almost resem-
bling some fine old hero maimed and wounded in
battle, the Douglas commands now, if possible, even
more of our admiration, and certainly not less of
interest. Wonderful as are its proportions when
seen from a distance, they seem even more remark-
able when looked at from close to the grand trunk of
the trees, the appearance aloft being a dense mass of
branches, whilst the stem is the ideal of strength
and resistance. If less gigantic, certainly not less
remarkable is the Iiuge Araucaria standing close by
the Douglas. There is some skill shown on the part
of our new guide, Mr. Herrin, who has succeeded " old
Frost," for he reserves the giants as a sort of climax,
and conducts his visitors first to the smaller, though
by no means less beautiful trees, in remote parts of
the domain. But after seeing a score at least of fine
Araucarias, the sudden bursting upon the sight of
the giant of the place evokes enthusiastic admira-
tion. The tree has, combined with size, such fine
rounded form, and happily has entirely escaped
injury. Standing on a mound which has proved a
dry spot during the past summer, it was found desir-

AnoDST 27, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

'lit

able'to'make a trench round the tree and give it a
thorough soaking of water once, and now it will
soon! benefit from the autumn rains. There are
numerous sexual trees at Dropmore, and the big
one f is properly a male, though, perhaps less
properly, the handsomest also, as the female
trees are less robust, and have more erect growth.
Here and there these display their feminine ch.ar.icter,
not only in form, but also in cone production ; but

so free. Another fine kind is found in Abies grandis,
not unlike the Douglas in habit and style, and forming
a very imposing object, t'idrus atlantica is another
beautiful specimen, well worth a long walk through
these charming grounds to see ; whilst Pimus Ben-
thamiana, with its big tufts of long erect spines,
stands out from all others with bold distinctness.
Picea Morinda is a line drooping form, of charming
habit, and very perfect and bold gi'owing trees are

prehended. We note with pleasure that Lady For-
tescue is erecting a substantial house for the new
gardener, Mr. Herrin, close to the gardens. -\".

Veronica cupressoides.
The plant so long known in gardens under the
name of Veronica salicornioides is found on com-
parison to have nothing Avhatever to do with that
species ; indeed, it does not even belong to the same

Fig. 61. — streptocakpcs keweksisX : plowers pluple. (see p. 246.)

these fraits are rare. We take leave with regret of
what is probably the finest Araucaria in the king-
dom, planted fifty-seven years ago, with the Douglas,
by old Frost. But in more distant parts of the
■wonderfully wooded grounds of Dropmore there are
trees which of their kinds take high rank for
size, and can hardly be excelled for beauty. Pro-
minent amongst these is the beautiful Tsuga Albert-
iana, a truly perfect specimen, and not less beau-
tiful because its foliage is so distinct and its habit

Abies concolor and Abies Nordmanniaua. whilst
Thuia gigantea presents a gi-and pyramid. These
kinds are dotted down as passed in somewhat irre-
gular order, but many others also attract attention.
Without doubt Dropmore does present a habitation
for these trees in which they can literally revel. In
the higher grounds the drought has told upon the
Rhododendrons, but these will soon feel the effect of
the autumn rains. How these shrubs, with Azaleas,
Kalmias, &c., thrive there, must be seen to be com-

series. It is identical, and answers in every way to
the specimens and descriptions of V. cupressoides.
Hook. fil. The specimens labelled V. salicornioides
very nearly resemble Salicornia radicans. It belongs
to series B. of sub-genus Pseudo-Veronica, in which
the leaves are densely imbricated in op])osite pairs,
connate at the base, branches square, l-12th to l-8th
of an inch in diameter. V. cupressoides, which is
undoubtedly the plant in cultivation, belongs to
series A. of the same sub-genus, in which the leaves

248

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[ArccsT 27, 1887.

are in distinct opposite pairs, the specific distinction
being leaves 1-lGth of an inch long;, appressed,
glabrous; while in V. salicornioides the branches
are terete and slender, l-16th of an inch in diameter,
leaves l-20th to 1-lOth of an inch. It is one of the
most charming little pl.auts for a bed we have seen, and
conid it be grown in the neighbourhood of London
as we have seen it in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden
it would certainly be a great acquisition. D.

The Silver Fibs at Roseneath.

Since the publication of the engraving (see p.
165) I have visited the grounds of the Duke of
Argyle at and about Roseneath, and now send you
the following particul.ars : — There are two Silver
rirs which have been planted vis-a-vis on each side
of an avenue leading to Camsail House, which is
now in ruins, but the remains of it are yet visible.
The two Silver Firs in question are much the finest
of their kind certainly in this country, .and must have
been planted at least 200 years. They far surpass their
associates, which may be found in scores in this por-
tion of the estate. I measured them both, and found
as follows. Locally the pair are named Adam and
Eve. The dimensions of Ad.am are 23 feet 4 inches
at 6 feet from the ground, and 23 feet 2 inches at
3 feet from the ground. The dimensions of Eve are
23 feet 7 inches 3 feet from the ground, and 22 feet
at 5 feet from the ground. Adam bulks out a little
upwards. Eve does not. Both have a straight stem,
branchless for about 24 feet from the ground, and
then their branchlets fork out in all directions.
These branchlets of themselves would be considered
fair timber-trees in many localities. Singularly
enough, the bi-anches have in their early stages gone
out horizontally, as is the wont of the tree, but when
pressed for light they h.ave turned up quite perpen-
dicularly, so that now they form, as it were, arms at
right angles springing up high into the air. The
trees are about 1.30 feet high, and cover a radius of
40 feet from the bole. No two such symmetrical
trees can be found anywhere else, and they are
worthy of many days' journey for any arbori-
culturist to see. Figure the diameter or width of
a tree being about the dimensions of an ordinary
forcing-pit!

The next most gigantic tree in the grounds is a
Lime, whicli when shorn of tlie spray that is grow-
ing around it must have a circumference of about
19 feet. There are very few silver Firs over 14 feet
circumference, although these seem to many giants
of their kind. These nestle on the banks of the
Gareloch, an arm running up from the estuary of the
Clyde, where every description of tree life is in great
exuberance.

It is worth while noting that the Kirkton of
Roseneath, also belonging to the Argyle family,
is remarkable for its avenue of English Yews,
which, according to tradition, must have been planted
at least 150 years ago, and now bulk into timber
size — all clean-stemmed, well-grown plants, which
an old lady of the village, almost a nonagenarian,
s.ays her grandmother, who lived — and her mother as
well — to about the same patriarchal age, recollected
the trees being planted when she was a girl. They
came, it is asserted, in pots, and the planter was so
careful of them that he broke the pots like an
Orchid fancier, and slipped broken pots and roots in
together. A.

A CoNE-rnoDuciKG Deodar.
A Deodar is producing cones this year in the
Royal Gardens, Kew. The production of cones on
this species in this country has hitherto been a
rare occurrence.

AniEs nRAcnypHTLLA.

This is decidedly one of the handsomest of the
hardy .Tapanese Silver l''irs. Its dense habit and rich
green foliage, white on the under surface, renders it
very attractive. For the first time in this country,
we believe, cones have been produced on this species
at Kew. They are quite similar to the native speci-
mens, but of a rich plum colour when fresh.

The Herbaceous Border.

THALICTRUMS.

So delicate is the structure of the foliage of
certain species, that they have been, not inappropri-
ately, likened to the Fern known as JIaidenhair.
They have the merit besides of being perfectly
hardy herbaceous plants, of easy culture, and
some amongst them are so tall in habit of
growth as to be suitable for back rows, in all borders
of average size and extent. The flowers are
besides admirably adapted for cutting and for indoor
decorations, as well as for exhibition ; gonerally
blooming towards the end of the month of June,
thev are particularly useful for both purposes. The
following are desirable varieties; — Thalictrum glau-
cum , a tall growi ng species, average height, 4.V to 5 feet ;
a vellow flowered species, of ,Spanish origin. T.
aquilegifoliura, the Austrian Columbine-leaved, 3 feet
in height, flowers light purple and well adapted
for cutting. T. adi.antifolium is the most beautiful
of all in regard to its foliage, being hardy, of compact
habit, and suitable alike for bedding out and for
growing in pots: it requires no sujiport from
stakes, &c. T. adiantifolium rubrum, an im])roved
form of the preceding species, has deeper coloured
flowers, which render it more ornamental than some
others ; T. Jacquinianum is a tall-growing form,
with white flowers ; T. purpurascens, as the name
implies, has purjde flowers and ornamental foliage :
it is a North American species ; T. purpureum is a
rare and beautiful form, at present scarce and expen-
sive ; T. alpinum and T. minus, both dwarf forms,
which, though British plants, are considered worth
cultivation for the colour of the flowers, which is yel-
low. It is singular to find Gerard describes the
latter as " Wild Rhubarb," and as growing on the
banks of the Thames. About the commencement of
the present century a very beautiful sub-species,
named T. aquilegifoliura formosuni was introduced
from the South of Europe. It is a variety well
deserving of cultivation. William Earley.

Gen'tiana sceptrdm.
This, like most of the American Genthins. raises
tlie hopes of the grower by producing buds of large
size, which even when fully matured exi)and but
little, with a blue which is not of the most brilliant
tint. As a garden plant it is inferior to G. An-
drewsii, G. saponaria, G. alba, and G. ochroleuca.
As a variety, however, it is desirable ; the fresh and
agreeable green of the leaves is always attractive,
and it seems more easy to establish it than any of
the above mentioned. It grows about 2 feet in
height, simple stems with a cluster of i)ale blue
flowers at the summit ; leaves oval, or oval-lanceo-
late. It is flowering now in the rockery at Kew,
apparently quite at home in the bog. I).

The Apiary.

HINTS FOR THE SEASON.
The honev season may now be said to be over,
little or nothing now coming in. "Whatever is
brought into the hives now may be safely left with
the bees, and is not suitable for sale. We always
keep only tliat honey for Siile which is gathered in
the height of the honey season. Seven frames of
honeycomb is quite sufficient for any stock of bees,
however large, and if there are more bees than can
cluster on seven combs, one or two frames of empty
comb can be given them. It is a good plan, when
preparing for winter, to put the frami'S a little further
apart tlian when the season is at its height. Two
inches or 1\ inches from the centre of one comb to the
centre of the next, is not too much. This enables
the bees to cluster more closely together than would
otherwise be the case, and is jireferable, in our
opinion, to making winter passages, though that
might be done as well. It has. however, jiroved in

practice that bees winter in straw skeps better than
anywhere else, and it is difficult or impossible to
make winter passages in them.

We hear from many beekeepers that much honey
has been made this season by an intelligent use of
skeps. In many cases beekeepers have inverted
them and put a wooden hive on the open end, and
with most excellent results. We have often recom-
mended beekeepers to try the inverting system as
being sound in principle, if done at the right time.
Where it has failed it is most probable it has either
not been done at the right time, or done too often.
The best time for the inversion of a skep, or frames,
is swarming time, and one inversion of a skep during
a season is sufficient. When the super is partly
filled, and tlie bees are energetically at work, all
other additions to the space should be made by lift-
ing the super first put on .and putting the next under
it. The bees will thus be kept hard at work, and the
best results obtained. Frames had better only be
inverted once in each season, but sections can be
inverted in order for them to be finished off" more
completely and more quickly.

If skeps have been inverted, and the supers are
now removed, the skeps must be turned the right
way ujjwards again for the winter. Queens may be
inserted in hives for several weeks to come ; in fact,
till the end of September. Numerous methods of
introduction are mentioned in Mr. Cheshire's work
now being brought out by Messrs. L. Upcot Gill &
Co. Walter Chilly, Pews^y.

Plants and Their Culture.

SoFT-wooDED Flowering Plants. — In tlie culture
of Chrysanthemums unusual attention has been
aroused this season by the hot and dry state of the
weather, but with results ap|)arently satisfactoiy, for
rarely have we had our plants in August furnished
with shoots so sliort jointed and hard as we have
them now. The flower-buds are now forming, and
the removal of the side-growths, which push from
immediately under them, needs daily and careful
attention ; as does likewise the capture of earwigs,
which appear very prevalent, but their numbers can
be speedily reduced by placing some dry moss in the
bottom of' small flower-pots and inverting one over
each jdant upon one of its stakes. The pots should
be exami red and the insects destroyed each morning,
while aphis, another enemy, may be dislodged by
applications of tobacco-powder. Once the flower-
buds are set their development should be assisted by
feeding the plants with some kind of manure, such
as Clay's, Peruvian guano, or liquid derived from
soot and sheep and horse droppings. In using these
we change them frequently and apply the powdered
kinds in wet weather. In showery weather a mistake
resulting in the plants losing their bottom leaves,
mav easily be made, by t.aking the balls of soil to be
wet throughout when the surface only is so. It may
also be mentioned that the plants should have free
space, and their shoots be sufficiently separated
to let the sun's rays play well among them.
Nights sufficiently cold to necessitate the removal of
Bouvardias from tlie open to their winter quarters
may soon be expected : we grow ours for cutting
purposes, and by stopping some plants later than
others keep up a good succession of flowers. At
present thev are planted out in cool jiits without
protection, but will shortly be lifted and potted,
where they will be kept for a few days (until they
recover from the check), in a rather close and moist
temperature. Linum trigynum is treated in a similar
manner, and does remarkably %vell, not suff'ering from
red-spider as it often does when kejit in pots. In
order to keep Poinsettias dwarf and sturdy, they
should be kept near to the glass, and at present
aff'orded plenty of air both night and day ; neither
these nor Euphorbia jacquiniflora need so much
moisture at their roots as many plants do— the latter
we like to aff'ord a brisk warmth during its season of
.growth, but it must not be heavily shaded or sub-
jected to much atmospheric moisture, as, in order to
"bloom it well, it, is essential that its growth be well
ripened. Plumbago rosea also enjoys stove heat to
grow in, and unless ke])t shaded from bright sunshine
Hs foliage becomes discoloured. Thyrsacanthus.
Sericographis. Eranthemums. Justicias, Pentas.
ScutelFarias, Goldfussias, should now be rather freely

AuGDST 27, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

249

aired and but slightly shaded, so that their shoots
may bo well matured. Winter flowerin"; Begonias
sliould also have similar treatment and be allowed
plenty of space to prevent them getting drawn.
I'liomas Coombcr, Hendre.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Thk Strawberry. — Those who wish to have a
good plantation of bearing Strawberries next year
should at once put out strong plants from pots. The
strongest growing varieties in good soil should be
planted 2 feet G inches one way and 2 feet the other,
less strong growers at proportionately less distances.
The preparation of the ground, by trenching and ma-
nuring it, is well known, but what is also important is
the manner of planting. A man with a dibber sticking
the plants in at so much an acre, as they do in field
work, will not be successful; indeeJ, however care-
fully the layers are planted, if they are merely dug
out from the open ground it is not likely that a crop
will be gathered from them next season.

It is very desirable that the plants should be put
in early, if possible in August, and each plant ought
to have been layered in a 60-sized pot. In hot dry
weather the undersides of the leaves are usually
infested with red-spider: they ought to be dipped
separately in a pail containing water in which 3
ounces of soft-soap to a gallon of warm water and
half a pint of tobacco-water are added. This will
kill the spider. In putting out the plants see that a
shallow basin is left around each ; this will prevent
the water from running away from the plants, either
from rain or by its application from a water-pot.
The plants may even be planted out as late
as the middle of September, and produce an excellent
crop of good fruit the following season. Some years
ago I prepared a piece of ground for the Strawbeny
plantation, but not liking to let it lie entirely fallow
it was sown with late Peas, and the season being
unfavourable, the Peas were not gathered until the
middle of September. I therefore planted the
runners in 5-inch pots, using a compost of equal parts
of loam and decayed manure ; in this rich material
they grew with the greatest vigour, and might be
described as truiting plants before they were set out
in the rows. In a month they had taken firm hold
of the ground, and produced as good a crop of Straw-
berries the following season as any one could wish to
see. The whole secret of success consists in growing
on the young plants without allowing them to have
any check to their growth. The plants must be kept
in a light and airy position, and in a uniform moist
condition at the roots.

What are the best varieties to plant is a question of
some importance, and probably not any one variety
would be uniformly good in all classes of soil; but the
lists of varieties sent from the leading growers con-
tain too many ; the descriptive remarks attached
to them are usually too highly coloured ; all the
good qualities of the variety are made more pro-
nounced by the aid of superlatives, and further, as a
rule, nothing is said about their faults. One variety
[ have grown in different soils and have discarded
because of its liability to mildew, is Pioneer, and yet
in a three-line highly coloured description not a
word is mentioned of this. Now let us suppose a
nurseryman has proved a new Strawberry in his trial
grounds ; he finds it good in every respect, but the
fruit is liable to mildew. I do not think his trade
would suff"er in the long run if a short sentence were
added to the effect that the plant was liable to be
attacked by mildew. There are also relative degrees
of hardiness, and this ought also to be stated.
Further, some varieties are of vigorous constitution,
others make but medium growth, some again, as
Loxford Uall Seedling and Unser Fritz, may be
described as forming small plants, and this last
section cannot perhaps be grown in too rich soil.

It is also a grave error to grow so many varieties.
Seventy is the number described in a catalogue just
received by post, and some profess to supply even a
larger number of varieties. We still think very
highly of Black Prince. I do not think it is yet
surpassed for its hardiness, free-bearing qualities,
earliness, and, not least, its adaptability for early
forcing. King of the Earlies is evidently a seed-
ling from it, but it is not earlier, though of
a better tiavour. Keens' Seedling has maintained
its character for eighty years, and if I had
to choose three varieties only this would be one of
them. It is rather remarkable that it was raised

from the large white Cliili, being selected as the
only one worth growing out of a large batch of
seedlings. It was raised by Mr, Michael Keen,
of Isleworth, in 180G. The Chili Strawberries
cultivated sixty years ago seem to have gone out of
cultivation. They were the true Chili. Scarlet Chili,
large Blush Chili, and Wilmot's Superb. The
•scarlet varieties, also popular half a century ago,
have gone out of general cultivation. The old
scarlet, the Kosebery. and the Grove End, were the
best of them. Six of the best varieties are Black
Prince, Keen's Seedling, President, British Queen,
Frogmore Late Pine, and Loxford Hall Seedling.
J. Douglas.

the roots. The large leaves of many 3ubtroi)ical3
thi'ow off the water which falls, and the roots derive
no benefit. }Vm,M. BaiUic.

The Flower Garden.

Cuttings. — The stock of cuttings of Coleus,
Iresine, Alternantliera, Heliotrope, Ageratum, &c..
which was put in some time ago should be carefully
examined to see if they are likely to strike, otherwise
a fresh lot should be put in at once. If a spent
Melon or Cucumber bed be at command, they will
be all the better if put in it. Proceed with the
propagation of Pelargoniums; this will be difficult
in many places, on account of the dry weather.
Kather than impoverish tlie beds, a larger quantity
of the old plants can be lifted later on, and if placed
in a growing temperature in early spring, will afford
a good batch of cuttings.

Tlic Tnrnip-flij is very troublesome this season on
Stocks ; the fly soon ruins the plants if steps be
not promptly taken to keep it in check. I find
a little petroleum in water (95° Fahr.), distributed
in a fine spray from the garden-engine, a good
remedy.

Carnations and Pin/;s which were layered early,
and are now sufficiently I'ooted, may be removed
from the parent plant, and planted in the beds they
are intended to occupy. They will be in more robust
health than those which are wintered in pots under
glass, and will flower more satisfactorily next year.
I believe the constitution of many of our hardy
plants has been undermined by a system of coddling,
which has laid them open to attacks of disease.
Eemove the old flower-spikes from the plants as
soon as their beauty is over, and water layers which
are not yet rooted, maintaining a nice moist state of
the soil. Cuttings of Pinks and Carnations may be
put in on a slight hotbed, and allowed to remain all
the winter, when they can be potted up, or planted
out in spring.

Herhaceous Sorjers require to be frequently gone
over to remove any decayed flower-spikes or to
harvest seed. Secure to their stakes plants of Asters,
Solidago, Phloxes, Sec. and maintain a dressed
appearance throughout. Pick the seed-pods off such
plants as Sweet Peas. Dahlias, Lobelias, Salpiglosis,
Mignonette, and other plants, in order to prolong
their flowering. Jlalva italica is a striking plant in
a shrubbery or in a bed on a lawn. At a distance
it bears a resemblance to a single Hollyhock. Its
flowering propensities cannot be over-estimated. It
commences to bloom in July, and continues till cut
down by frost. It grows to a height of from 3 to
4 feet, and is perfectly hardy. Cuttings put in with
Calceolarias and Violas root freely and flower the
following season. Plant out Wallflowers as soon as
possible, also Sweet Williams, Eockets, Lunarias,
Brorapton and other Stocks, to get them well estab-
lished before winter sets in. Violets should have
their runners removed, and if the ground be poor a
good soaking of manure-water should be given, and
when the soil is in workable condition run the hoe
through it to loosen the surface. Keep a look-out
for red-spider, and do not allow it to get a foot-
ing. As a preventive syringe the plants occasionally
with petroleum in water heated to 85° or 90° — a
2J-inch flowerpotful to 6 gallons of water.

The Flower Beds. — These will require more atten-
tion as the days shorten, as the plants cease flowering
so profusely, and are more inclined to make growth.
It is better to sacrifice a few of the shoots to admit
a free circulation of air amongst the plants. The
dew deposit speedily destroys the centres of the
Pelargonium trusses, and unless the decayed portions
are frequently removed the wbole truss will soon
decay. Keep the lines of carpet beds well defined by
constantly pinching the overlapping shoots. If this
does not receive proper attention the whole will
become an incongruous mass. Attend to the staking
and securing of Kicinus, Wigandias, Nicotianas,
&c., and see that sufficient moisture reaches

The Kitchen Garden,

Winter Stuff. — Now that the various plantings
of Brussels Sprouts, Winter Greens, Broccoli, and
the like, have obtained a good start, they should be
gone over, and all small or discoloured leaves re-
moved, and the ground thoroughly cleared of weeds.
If not already done the plants should be supported
by having the soil drawn up to the stems. Continue to
plant out on rich ground more Early London
Coleworts ; also early kinds of Cabbage of those
sown in June.

Endive. — Plant out from the seed-beds at intervals
sufficient quantities to meet requirements, and to
form a succession. These plantings should be avail-
able for giving a supply throughout the winter, both
for bleaching on the ground and also for lifting and
storing into frames. More forward plants should be
prepared for use, cither by being tied up or by
having slates placed over them whilst in a dry
state ; these will be bleached and ready for use
in about ten days or a fortnight from the date of
covering. Where suitable accommodation exists
another small sowing can be made in a cold frame,
to be afterwards transplanted into others for very
late spring use. In making provision for the winter
supply of Endive preference should be given to the
Batavian variety ; it stands frost better than the
curled one, keeps longer in a usable condition, and,
being tender and less bitter in flavour, is generally in
great request for salads during the winter months.

Lettuce. — Good provision should also be made of
these by planting out from the seed-beds all the
most forward and strongest plants — both Lettuce
and Endive should be allotted warm sheltered borders
and good light rich ground.

Onions. — These should be jjulled up when the tops
and necks drop and begin to shrivel, and should be
allowed to remain on the ground for a few days,
being turned over occasionally in order that they
may become thoroughly ripe and firm, choosing a
bright sunny day to store them. An airy dry shed
or store-room should, if possible, be selected wherein
to place them for a time on open shelves spread out
thinly, afterwards to be assorted and cleaned. Tliis
is also a suitable time for harvesting seeds, and when
they are not sufficiently ripe and matured at the time
of gathering they should be placed under conditions
favourable for drying, but where the process would
not be a too rapid one.

Herbs should also be secured and dried under
somewhat similar conditions, those kinds, such as
Spear Mint, S.ige, &c., being cut so as to allow of
their being ultimately tied up into convenient bunches,
whilst Camomile and others, that are in request for
their flowers only, should have the individual blos-
soms hand-picked. Naturally all work of this
description must be executed during dry weather
and whilst the flowers, foliage, &c., are in a suitable
condition.

General Work. — During the next month every
opportunity should be taken to thoroughly clean and
clear the garden of weeds, hoeing and r.aking should
therefore be persevered in, and as far as possible all
weeds exterminated. One or two good cleanings now
will go a long way towards maintaining a clean and
neat appearance, and in keeping weeds in check
during the autumn and winter months, and where
the use of the hoe is impracticable, as in seed-beds,
hand weeding should be resorted to. The removal
also of all decayed vegetable matter, spent crops, or
other unsightly objects, is essential and necessary
towards good order. Manure heaps intended for
groundwork this autumn should during showery
weather be prepared for use, by being turned over
and thoroughly mixed and incorporated. Accumu-
lations also of refuse and rubbish should be burnt
over, and afterwards screened or sifted, and a portion
at any rate reserved and kept dry, to be used for
dusting over seed-beds, or other young crops as may
be necessary. John Austen. Witleij Court.

MlSTLETO ON THE PEACH.— A correspondent
of the Revue Horticolc states that he is in possession
of an old Peach tree upon which Mistleto has grown
for a long time. We do not remember to h-ave heard
of the growth of Mistleto on the Peach before.

250

THE rjABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Adoust 27, 1887.

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rjlHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

J- Vol. r.. Thir.l Series JAN. to .lUNE. 1.W7.

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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SHOWS.

WEDNESDAY. A.rc..:i\\^''Z^^^T°''7r!L „J5"'*''?""™'
( and Botanical (three days).

THURSDAY. SEPT. 1— Paisley Horticultural (two days).

( Fruit Show andNational Dahlia So-

2 -J cietics Exhibition

{ Palace (two days).

SALES

'G. 29 -J

TUR^DAY.

Aug. 30 ^*

{ Eooms.
,( Orchids in Flower, at Protheroe &

■^ Morris" Rooms.
WEDNESDAY. Aug. 31— Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens* Rooms.

/Imported Orchids, from Mr. F.
THURSDAY. Skpt. 1 } ^Sander.^^^^ ^^ ^^_^^^_^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^

t Rooms.

irpiiiA\- Q,7DT, 9 ( Established and Imported Orchitis,

'"" ■ , ''^■'^^- - i at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms .

( Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
SATURDAV, Sept. ,3 .J Dutch Bulbs, .at Protheroe .t

( Morris' Rooms.

Co-operation T'HE National Co-operative Flower
and AUotmifut Show, promoted by the Agricul-
Sardcns. tural and Horticultural Co-opera-
tive Association (Limited), of which Mr. Edward
OwKN (iiiEENiNG is the energetic manager, took
place in the conservatory of the Uoy.al Horticul-
tural .Society at South Kensington on Tuesday
last. Despite the character of the season the
show was in some respects an advance upon that
of last year. There appeared to be a larger
number of exhibitors, and in a few of the classes
the exhibits were of a fair order of merit ; yet,
taken .is a whole, it did not rise above an ordi-
nary exhil)ition of cottagers' produce ; and,
indeed, it fell considerably below some of them
in paint of averiige excellence. Bearing in mind
that exhibitors are drawn from all parts of the
country, and in not a few cases from districts
highly favourable to vegetable culture — seeing,
also that gardeners in good positions, with large
range for selection of subjects are pertaitted to
compete, we confess that the show fell below our
expectations.

1'he principle of co-operation is an old one,
liut it was scarcely put into practical shape until
1844, when the Equitable Pioneer Co-operative
Store w,-v3 founded in Ilochdale by a few poor
lamii'l weavers. It was asked if working men

can combine effectively and in large numbers
for the furtherance of a Benefit Society or a
Trades I'nion. why should they not also co-
operate for the purpose of supplying each other
with good and cheap food and clothing, and such
other articles, dividing among themselves the
profits which would otherwise be distributed
among various manufacturers and shopkeepers ?
The success attending the Kochdale venture
encouraged other attempts, and perhiips the most
successful of the applications of the principle
seen in our days are those furnished by the civil
and military servants of the Crown, whose
palatial stores are one of the features of moilern
London.

The principle that the workers shall divide the
profits imderlies the Agricultural and Horticul-
tural Ass.sociation that promoted the exhibition
on Tuesday last. The Association encouraged
by all means in its power the establishment of
co-operative allotments and associated gardens ;
and the pcssibilities of accomplishing this object
were placed before the Conference held during
the afternoon by means of a paper read by j\Ir.
E. 0. Greening. How far the highly desir.able
objects sought will be furthered by the t'on-
ference remains to be seen ; but there was a
marked tendency on the part of the spe,akers to
lay hold of side issues. Still something will he
gained from the publicity given by the pro-
ceedings of the day; and all politicil parties in
the State now appear to be in common agreement
as to the necessity for giving responsible local
bodies powers to acquire land for allotments,
even to the length of compulsory powers of
purchase.

And it may safely be predicted that the co-
operative principle will not be allowed to die.
Protests may be raised against it by men in high
places, or by those who think that they
are liable to lie injm'ed by it, but the
principle has taken a firm hold on modern
society, " It .seems certainly destined to de-
velope rather than fade ; to absorb rather than
be absorbed." So writes a modern historian. And
the Council of the Itoyal Horticultural .Society is
to be commended for giving countenance to this
exhibition. It is quite within the legitimate
work of the Society to foster undertakings of
this kind ; indeed, its act might be taken as indi-
cating that the Council is awakening to the
facts that new ideas rule, and that if it is to
remain the national representative of practical
horticulture it must widen the scope of its
activity, and place itself abreast of the progress
of the time.

But if this exhibition is to be continued some
amendnients in the schedule of prizes are neces-
sary. If the holders of allotments and cottage
gardens are to be encouraged gardeners of posi-
tion, with almost unlimited resources at their
command, should not be allowed to compete with
them. If it is necessary to include such exhi-
bitors under the head of members of the Agri-
cultural .Vssociation or their gardeners, bailiffs,
&c., they should have a few, and a few only, of
the classes allotted to them. Exhibitors should
be as far as possible placed on a level in regard to
their resources and opportunities. The wording
of some of the classes needs revision ; they should
be put upon the broadest possible basis, and all
narrowing and unnecessary definitions be swept
away. The value of the prizes in many of the
classes might be reduced with advantage, and
more prizes awarded in a class. It was also sus-
pected by those competent to form an opinion,
that some of the articles exhibited were not the
bond fide growth of the exhibitor. The regu-
lations relating to exhibitors arc not sudlciently

explicit on this point. They set forth that " all
specimens must be the bona fide property of the
exhibitor," and if the exhilnts were bought on
the previous day the letter of this regulation
would not be contravened. But these are matters
of detail that can easily be rectified.

As a means of increasing food-production
among the working classes, of furnishing them
with wholesome, refining, yet materially profit-
able occupation, beyond the monotonous drudgery
of their daily toil, as a method of brightening
their lives and putting them more on a par with
their richei' neighbours in the matter of the com-
forts and elegancies of life, and of stimulating
those higher influences which are developed
from communion with Nature, such associationi>
and procedures are highly to be commended.

It is a singular and remarkable
Co'nTc-s" ^^'^^ *'^^* *'^® ^^''^ ^^^ years which
ha\'e, as we hope, been years of
the lowest possible depression in the fortunes of
the Koyal Horticultural Society, have also been
the years in which the literary activity of the
Society has been the most marked. Of course
we are alluding, not to the earliest years of the
Society, when magnificent and costly quartos were
issued in the form of Transactions, and serviceable
octavos kept the Fellows au courant with what
was being done in the higher departments
of gardening, but we are referring especially
to the last few years, when, after a period of
literary inactivity, or at least of spasmodic and
greatly interrupted publication, the Society
has published such Reports as those of the
< )rchid Conference, the I'rimula Conference, the
Frost Keport — by far the fullest report on the
subject ever published ; while the most success-
ful and generally appreciated of all the con-
gresses was followed by the publication by Mr.
Barron of the Report on British Apples, which
embodies a larger amount of practically useful
information on iVpples than any similar produc-
tion. To this list we may now add the Report of
the I'ear CJonference, just issued, and which may
be had by Fellows on application to the Assistant-
Secretary of the Royal Horticultural Society, or
by the general public from Messrs. Macmill.vn
& Co., Bedford Street, Covent (iarden. We
believe the Apple Report has had a considerable
sale, and trust that the Pear Report will be
equally successful. But we cannot but note
as an evil sign that the other publications,
in spite of their intrinsic value, which is great,
are scarcely appreciated by the Fellows at all.
This is only another indication of that dis-
heartening want of interest among the bulk of
the Fellows which has contributed so largely to
the present miserable state of things. The horti-
culturists proper may pipe, but the public do not
dance : they may produce, time after time,
shows of great interest, but the visitors are few
and far between. Our object in adverting to-
this wearisome matter now is to call attention to ■
the publication of this Pear Report, and to watch
the way in which it is taken up by the public,
so thiit those who have the management of the
Society may the more clearly see in what direc-
tions their efforts may be most profitably
expended.

The Apple Congress of 1 883 attracted so much
.attention that in 188."), when the conditions
seemed favourable, a similar conference and
exhibition was held relating to Pears on
October 21. The gener<al plan was the same
as that adopted in the case of the Apple
(/Ongress. Specimens and illustrative reports,
were collected from all parts of the kingdom, so-

August 27, 1887.]

THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

251

that a representative collection of nearly every
\arietv of I'ear known and cultivated in the
country was got together, arranged geogra-
phically. Early varieties whose season had
passed in the South were represented by speci-
mens from the North.

The exhibitors numbered 167, the dishes shown
amounted to 020! I, exclusive of those sent from
I'rauce for comparison. Every ell'ort was made
Ijy the Committee to secure accuracy of nomen-
clature and determine synonymy. In this way

For market purposes the following were
selected : —Beacon (August), Fertility and Sou-
venir du Congres (September), Marie IjOuise
d'Uccle, Durondeau (October, November ).

The Conference I'ear was the only new
Pear deemed worthy of a certificate as a market
Pear. Jlessrs. Kivkrs & Sox raised this variety,
which is in season in < )ctober.

Among the newer French Pears the following
were recommended as worthy of introduction
here : — IJeurre Dnmont (^October), Madame

Gc-ner:il I'otlolieM
Ulou Mon-aux
Huyshea liiTRamol
Jos'pllincilo.MaUn.-
.fersi'y Gratioli
liOuiae Bonne of .Ter.--i'y
.Madame Andre Lerov

,, Treyve
Marie Benoist

;] Louise d'Uccle
Nouvelle Fulvie
Olivier des Serrm
Pnsse Colninr

Pitmaston Duclic'ss

Souvenir du Coiifjri^s
Suffolk Tlioru
Thompson's
Urban late

Van iMons" Leon le Clli
Williams' Hon ClirelK
Winter Nel is
Zeplierin Gregoire

Steioinfj Pear^,
Bellissime d'Hivor
Catillac
Oilles-o-Gillci !
Grosse Calebaase
Uvedale's St. Germain

Vicar of Winklield

Fig. 62. — the pine

iTSWORTH. (see

no fewer than 61.5 distinct varieties of Pears
were scrutinised and compared one with
another.

Of these the following modern varieties were
recommended for quality and bearing properties :
— lieurre Giffard (August), Madame Treyve,
Summer Reurre d'Aremberg and Clapp's Favour-
ite (September); Pitmaston Duchess (October
and November), Beurre d'Anjou, Beurre Baltet
pere, and Emile d'Heyst (November) ; Marie
]>enoist, Nouvelle Fulvie, BenrrS de .longhe,
and Ij'Inconnue (.lanuary) ; Duchesse de Bor-
deaux, (Jlivier des Serres (February) ; Passe
Crassane (March).

Andre Leroy, President ^las. President Osmon-
ville (November).

On a general examination of the whole of the
collections exhibited, the following sixty wore
selected as especially noteworthy : —

Alexandrp Lambre

JJinirre Sterckmmii

Burgamotte Espuroii

.. Superfin

Beurre Alexander Liien';

Ohanmontel

,, d'Amanlis

Comte de Lamy

,, d'Anjou

Oonseillor de la t'cn

,, dd'Assompliou

Doyenne dc Boufestn,

„ Bachelicr

„ du Cornice

.. Baltet p6n-

Duchesse d'Angoulti

„ Bosc

Durondeau

,, Clairgeau

Ea'^ter Beurre

„ Die!

Emile d'Hevst

,. Hardy

Flemish Beauty

„ Ranee

Fondante d'Autnmi

„ Spae

tiansel's Berganiot

One very important result of the examinatiorf
of the whole series was arrived at, and that was,
the character of the variety is not altered, whether
it be grown in .Tersey or in the North of Scot-
land. In each locality, and in all intermediate
places, good and careful cultivation tend to pro-
duce fruit of the same character, and — allowing
for differences of climate and season — equal ex-
cellence. The Kentish, Herefordshire, and even
those from lioxburghshire, were as meritorious
as those from the Channel Islands — good culti-
vation and the Quince stock (except for orchard
Pears) seem to be the conditions for success, and
go very far to counterljalance inferiority of

252

THE GABDENEIiS' CHRONICLE.

[August 27, 1887.

climatal conditions. Great part of the value of
the publication before us consists in the remarks
furnished by the exhibitors themselves. These,
with the list of Pear.s selected as the best adapted
for particular counties, will be of the greatest
service to planters in particular localities. The
book ends with a brief description of the fruits
of the 016 kinds exhibited. AVe should have been
glad to have descriptions of the foliage and bud
(that of the flowers would, of course, have been
impracticable), but we are very thankful for
what we have got, and tender our thanks and con-
gratulations to the Society and to Mr. BAnnON,
whose labours as editor must have taxed his
powers to no slight degree.

Professor Reichenbach.— We learn that

our ilistinguished colleague has been nominated by
the King of Saxony Commander of the Order of
Albert.

Botanic Garden, Bonn. — Garden-Inspector
Ueissneb. late of Bnniswick. has been appointed
Inspector of the Botanic (lur.ien, Bonn.

Vegetable Trials at Chiswick.— At a
meeting of the Fruit and Vegetable Committee of
the Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. on the
12th inst. — present : Mr. Peter Baku, in the chair ;
ilessrs. lioBERTS, Saltmarsu, and the Secretary —
the committee examined the collections of Onions,
rotates, and Tomatos growing in the garden.
Amongst Onions, Kousham Park Hero and Anglo
White Spanisli from Mr. Devekill, and Sandy Prize
ii-om Mr. L.ixTON were selected as excellent stocks
of the '^^'llite Spanish Onion that should be tried
again next year, and Wliite Queen (Carter) was com-
mended as a very true stock. Potatos— fourteen
sorts were selected and cooked ; none of them was
considered equal in quality to existing kinds. Of
Tomatos, of which eighty-seven samples were grown
in pots, the following were considered worthy of
three marks each, viz., Horsford's Prelude (Hors'ford
and I'ringlc), medium sized smooth red, a very free
bearer; Livingston's Perfection (Farquhar, Veitch).
large, smootli, round, red —very free ; President
("Cleveland (Farquhar), large, round, smooth— hand-
some ; II.am Green Favourite (Crockerl, very large,
smooth, round— early and iiroliflc ; No. 1 (Watkins
& Simpson), large, round, smooth— very free; No. 3
I Watkins & Simpson), medium sized, roundish,
sometimes oblong, smooth red, producing large
1,'lusters -a remarkably free cropper.

The Kew Bulletin.— The eiglith number com-
I)rises an account, by Mr. Mobris, of the Tree
Tomato (Cyphomandra betacea) already commented
on by hini in these pages, ?nd which seems likely to
be of service as an esculent in sub-tropical countries,
into many of which, thanks to the energy of Jlr.
Morris, it h.as been recently introduced. Sechium
I'dule, the curious Gourd whose seeds germinate
within the fruit, also comes in for notice, as does
the Arracaclia, the roots of which have been recom-
mended as a substitute for the Potato in countries
where tliat vegetable cannot satisfactorily be grown.

Peaches on Hawthorns.— The Editor of the

Jiemic HurticoU mentions in a recent number having
seen Peaches as standards and as espaliers grafted on
the Hawthorn, and which were vigorous and pro-
duced good crops every year. These trees are in the
garden of M. Lekobt, Hecret.ary of the Horticultural
Society of Meaux.

Blue Sweet Pea.— Mr. Laxton sends us from

Bedford flowers of his new blue Sweet Pea. If all
the flowers are as good as those sent, this must be a
viTy desirable variety. The " blue," as we see it, is
violet or lilac, but for all that it is decidedly a " good
thing. ' A China Aster for cutting purposes, of a
rich cannine colour, is also good.

Crinum Moorei.— Those on the look-oiit for
a >ho\vy pbant for conservatory decoration should

make a note of this plant. It is at present in bloom
in No. 4 house at Kew, but under propitious circum-
stances is hardy out-of-doors.

HUNNEMANNIA FUMARIIFOLIA. — This is an
annual .as hiindsomeas an Eschscholtzia in the flower,
and with finer foliage, which has a bolder outline than
the better-known Eschscholtzia.

Constance Elliot Passion-flower.— This

seems to be a remarkably free-flowering variety ; its
ivory-white flowers are produced in great profusion
on a plant in No. 4 house at Kew, but it is hardy in
most places near London.

The Glasshouses at Great Gearies.—

When speaking of tliesc in our .article on p. Jl'i;, last
week, we in.advertently omitted to state tliat the
bouses were constructed by Messrs. Fostkb & Pear-
son, horticultural builders, Beeston, Notts, who
kindly furnished us with the ground-plan of the
same, from which the illustration accompanying the
article was niad<-.

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, says the

liiitanical Ga:dii\ takes an interest in trees, and
large ones in particular. In a recent visit to Eng-
land he measured a Scotch Elm .at Oxford, in the
grounds of Magdalen College, as he tells us in the
Atlantio Munfhli/, vol. lix., p. (>4.5. that had a girth
of 2h feet 6 inches at the smallest jiart between the
limbs and ground. This he contrasts with New Eng-
land Elms as follows : — " I have measured a good
many of these. About 16 feet is tlie measurement of
a large Elm, like that on Boston Common, which all
middle-aged people remember. From 22 to 23 feet
is the ordinary maximum of the very largest trees.
I never found but one exceed it ; tliat was the great
Springfleld Elm, which looks as if it might have been
formed by the coalescence from the earliest period of
growth of two young trees. When I measured it, in
1837, it was 24 feet .S inches in circumference at
5 feet from the ground, growing larger above and
below.*'

Aster Pyramidal Bouquet Rose.— This is

one of Messrs. Vilmokin & Co.'s novelties, and is
now to be seen in bloom in the collection of Asters
Mr. Barron is flowering in the Chiswick gardens,
It is well-named a " bouquet" Aster; it grows to a
height of 12 to 1.5 inches, and eacli plant forms a
charming and symmetrical bouquet of pleasing pale
silvery-rose blossoms ; of medium size, and very
symmetrical ; in the centre quilled florets, and round
these a broad margin of flat ones handsomely re-
flexed. As many as from forty to fifty flowers can
be counted on a single plant, and a goodly nnmber of
them are expanded at the same time. Here, then,
is a valuable type to cut from, and it could also be
used for conserratory decoration by lifting the plants
and placing them in pots. There are other varieties
of this Aster — one white, another a pale pinkish-
rose — but they are not so good as the one under
notice, and lack its superb refinement. Apparently,
this novelty is quite fixed in character and comes
true from seed.

Dishonest Exhibiting.— Whilst in tlie matter

of exhibiting some exhibitors arc not a whit better
than they sliould be, there has been, it is believed,
a departure from the malpractices of a former time
which were intended to deceive the judges. Exhi-
bitors, who are supposed to be exhibiting produce of
their own growth, still beg and borrow, but we trust,
for tlic honour of tlie craft, they are very few indeed, as
wilful deception appears to be of rare occurrence.
But it was, we are informed, successfully attera))ted
at a recent show by two exliibitors of Carnations
and tlie judges were undoubtedly deceived. The
deception consisted in skilfully putting together
two and three blooms so as to form one ; the calyces
were bound tightly together, and the petals so inter-
mingled as to form a good-sized bloom of symmetry
and substance. As usually happens, the malpractices
were discovered by unplaced exhibitors in the class.
The judges revised their aw.ards, and the evildoers

were exposed. A dishonest exhibitor of this character
always runs a great risk of detection, and, indeed, is
almost invariably found out ; then there is the inevit-
able loss of prize-money, as well as the stigma
that attaches to such an exposure. In the case of a
large show, where a number of classes in which
there is a keen competition is given to a set of judges,
and they .are informed that they must use all dispatch
in making their awards because the public are admitted
early, it is impossible that every stand of flowers can
be minutely examined. The judges are compelled
to take a great deal upon trust, and proceed to work
on the assumption that the exhibitors are honest in
their dealings towards them. The most appro-
priate punishment for such ofl'ences would be
an intimation from the committee that the
off'enders will not be allowed to e.xhibit in the
future ; and, if not unlawful, the publication of
their names in the next schedule of prizes. The
honest exhibitor needs protection against attempts-
of this kind.

Tubercles on the Roots of Leguminos/e.

— Mr. Marshall Ward says, in the I'rm-ccdings of
the lioi/al Sack/!/, that " the tubercles on the
roots of these plants always contain a fungus,
allied to the Ustilaginea;, which enters the root
by way of the root-hairs. The ultimate branches
of the hyphic in the cells of the tubercle bud ofT
minute bodies (gemmules), which are afterwardte
scattered in the soil. This process resembles the
budding discovered in Ustilagineai by Brefeld. By
means of cultures and obsen-ations the author shows
that the infection from tlie soil is probably due to
these minute gemmules acting as spores.

Union of Flowers of Oncidium Jonesi-

ANUM. — The union of two or more flowers (.synanthy),
presumably brought about by their adherence one to
the other at a very early stage of growth, is of very
common occurrence in Orchids. The union generally
takes place collaterally, so that the two flowers stand
side by side ; one or more of the side organs, sepals
or petals, being abortive — " crowded out by the
pressure on our space." as editors say. Mr. Smee's
gardener kindly sends us a flower of Oncidium
Jonesianum in which there is a like union of two-
flowers ; but in this case they are united, not side to
side, but diagonally, back to back, so that in the one
flower the column is uppermost, and the lip beneath,
while in the other flower the column is beneath, and
the lip uppermost.

The Royal Belgian Botanical Society

has just celebrated tiie twenty-fifth anniversary of
its foundation. Last ,Sunday the jiroceedings were
commenced with a meeting at the Herbarium Hall
in the Brussels Botanical Gardens. After the con-
gratulatory messages of foreign associations had
been read by M. Crepin, .Secretary of the Society,
the gardens and conservatories were examined. At
the afternoon sitting the President, Count Ker-
CHOVE, related the history of the Society, and in the
evening a reception was given to numerous guests in
the conservatories and gardens. On the 15th Count
Kerchove's conservatories at Ghent were visited,
together with the principal horticultural establish-
ments of th.1t city. On the Kith an excursion was
made to the Belgian Carapine, and on the 17th the
horticultural and botanical collections of the I^ni-
versities of Liege and Louvain were inspected. A
final meeting was held at the Botanical Gardens
on Thursday. In the evening the proceedings were
brought to a close by a banquet, at which M.
BoJHiER presided, in the orangery of the Botanical
Gardens.

Peter Lawson & Co. (Limited), Edin-
burgh.—The third annual general meeting of the
shareholders of this firm of seed growers and mer-
chants was held on the Rth inst., in the registered
office of the company, 1. George IV. Bridge, at
which the report issued to the shareholders was
untmimously approved ; namely, to pay a dividend
for the ]}ast year of 7-^ per cent, on the paid-u]c
capital ; to place the sum of £25(50 to a reserve

AcGcsT 27, 1SS7.]

TEE GAEDENEBS' CHE ON I CLE.

253

fund : and carry forward the balance of £2602 10.^;. ijd.
tf> next year's account. The retiring directors, Mr.
^VFcCuLLOCH and Mr. Taylor, were re-elected, also
the auditors, Messrs. A. & A. P.vterson, C.A.

Forestry.

Carpeting Large-grot-ving Shrubs and Trees. —
A reader of the Garde7i€'-s Chmnide has applied for
particulars regarding the "shrubs of low growth
suitable for planting under trees and shrubs." Bare
earth has, it must be admitted, a very objectionable
Appearance under trees and shrubs, and when there are
plenty of small growing evergreens, such as the Ivy,
Periwinkles, St. Joiin's Wort, and others, that are
peculiarly adapted for planting in such places, the
■only wonder is that so many bare, grassless patches
are to be found beneath and in the environs of our
lawn and park trees and shrubs. The Periwinkles,
Vincas major and minor, have few equals as plants of
low gi'owth for growing beneatli the shade and drip
of our forest trees, and as they spread about and
cover vast tracts of ground in an almost incredibly
short space of time, flower freely even in the
densest shade of our woodland trees, and arc
perfectly hardy, and, careless of rough treat-
ment, they may well occupy a high place
in the list of plants under consideration. In
planting these all that is necessary is to open small
pits of a foot in deptli, and at a yard apart, and into
these the plants may be inserted at any time during
the next three months. Pegging down of the long
running shoots is to be recommended at the time of
planting. Treated thus, the Periwinkles will soon
form dense masses of procumbent foliage, and flower
freely from year to year. The St. Johns Wort
(Hypericum calycinum) may be treated in an almost
similar way, but in this case the individual clumps
should not be placed closer than, say, 2 feet ; this,
however, depending greatly on the size of the clumps
or plants to be used. A pretty combination of both
foliage and flowers is produced by planting the St.
John's Wort and Periwinkle together, for then the
•commingled yellow and blue flowers are strikingly
beautiful, and never fail to attract attention.

Fencing. — Fences of all kinds, as well as gates
.and stiles bounding woodlands, must be kept in a
thoroughly efficient state, so as to prevent the in-
roads of farm stock generally. Advantage should be
taken of dry weather during the summer months to
have all materials for the erection of new fences
■carted to the spot where they are to be used. Where
the painting of fences, hurdles as tree guards, gates,
•stiles, aud wooden erections, has not yet been com-
menced, no time should be lost in getting such in
hand before the usual wet and changeable weather
■of autumn sets in.

Thick V. Thill Forest PlarJ in g. —'Not a few British
landowners are imdcr the impression that our pre-
sent system of planting, say at 3 or 4 feet apart, as
usually practised, is but a waste of capital, and that
■quite as good results could ultimately be produced by
planting the young trees at such distances apart as
they should ultimately stand as forest specimens, say
at 18 feet or 20 feet apart. To those persons who
have any practical experience of forest tree culture,
but par.ticularly at upwards of 700 feet altitude, the
thin system of planting is, for various well-founded
reasons, held to be an absurdity, but this, unfor-
tunately— at least from actual experiments made in
this country — cannot be proved in anything like a
satisfactory manner. 1 am now glad, however —
thanks to the Germans — to be able to lav before
your readers the following results of an experiment,
instituted twenty-five years ago, as to the advan-
tages or disadvantages of close and open forest
planting.

About 50 acres of ground, soil and exposure being
much alike all over the area, were planted in 10-acre
portions, at distances ranging from 4 feet by 4 feet
to 12 feet by 12 feet. Careful measurements were
recently made of the timber in each of the five
plots, and the following table shows the results in
■each case : —

Average Accretion in
the Twenty-fifth Year.

181.4

152..3

137.3

imA

112.9

Although this is all the information furnished by
a friend, yet I have every reason to believe that
the general management of each tract was exactly

)istance of Tlantins.

4 feet by 4 feet

S „ by 6 „

S .. liy 8 „

I" „ by 10 „

IL' „ by 12 „

similar throughout the twenty years over which the
experiment extended, and if so the results arrived at
prove pretty conclusively the statements of various
foresters made from time to time in the pages of the
Gardeners' Chronide. A. 1). Webster.

PINES AT CHATSWORTH.

The photogra])h of the Pine-stove at Chatsworth,
from which our illustration (fig. 62) is a reproduction,
was taken about the middle of June last, the house
at that time containing nearly a hundred plants,
mostly Queens, in various stages of development
from flowering to ripeness. Some of the Queens
since cut have weighed over 5 lb. each, and few under
3.} lb., while many of the Cayennes and Rothschilds
weighed between 7 lb. and 8 lb.

This example of Pine growing is not given as
being anything unprecedented, but as a record of
fairly successful cultivation, more interesting pro-
bably to your younger readers who have not the same
opportunity of excelling in this branch of good
gardening as their seniors had twenty or thirty years
ago, when the cultivation of this fruit was con-
sidered to be one of tlie gardener's most important
duties.

About twentj' years ago the importation of
colonial Pines into this country commenced, and
has since increased yearly, so that English-grown
Pines are much less numerous than formerly. That
fewer should be grown is natural, but it is much to
be regretted that the growth of the Pine should be
so entirely discontinued in many of our grand old
English gardens as it is.

Under the old system of growing in pits heated
by fermenting materials, it was a slow, laborious and
expensive practice ; but now, with improvements in
the construction of suitable houses, and the great
perfection reached in the art of heating by
hot water, the matter is made infinitely more simple,
expeditious, and economical ; indeed, I shall be
safe in affirming that Pines cause far less labour in
growing in the course of the year, in proportion to
their value as a dessert fruit, than any other exotic
fruit we grow. It will be objected that their growth
requires a high temperature, necessitating a rather
heavj' consumption of fuel ; but it must be 'remem-
bered that in a good gardener's hands this high
temperature is not wasted ; it is used not onh' for
growing Pines, but eveiy available corner is utilised
all through the year for growing Melons in pots.
Strawberries, and French Beans on shelves. Cucum-
bers and Tomatos in odd corners, pot-Vines, &c.,
and also for propagating purposes ; so that really
it is possible to make the Pine-stove one of
the most remunerative houses in the garden. All
the succession-pits are more or less useful in the
same way, but require much less heat than the fruit-
ing-house.

Pots for growing Pines must be scrupulously clean,
and also the crocks used for drainage. Our largest
pots are 12 inches in diameter ; these are used for
the large gi-owing varieties, such as Rothschilds and
Cayennes : (.Queens are fruited in 10-inch pots.

The compost 1 find to suit them best is turfy peat,
cut thin from off the gritstone rock on the moors
here, mixed with fibrous loam, with all the small
soil sifted out, in the proportion of two of loam to
three of peat, with a liberal measure of charcoal
and quarter-incli bones. It is an advantage when
this compost has been mixed and prepared three
weeks or a month before it is wanted.

In the spring, when suckers commence to show, it is
a good plan to decide on the number likely to be re-
quired for the ensuing year's stock, for it is folly to
grow more suckers on a plant than are likely to be
required, thereby weakening the power of the plant
to swell and mature its fruit, and lessening the
chances of growing strong suckers for stock. If the
suckers wliich show in spring are reduced, we will
say, to two on a plant, by the end of ,July or begin-
ning of August they will be fine stuff, which will
always gladden the heart of a grower with the pros-
pect of satisfactory returns. In expeditious and suc-

cessful Pine growing there are no greater mistakes
made than in leaving too many suckers on a plant
and in taking them off too soon. They grow and
strengthen much (aster and better when attached to
the parent |)lant than when detached too early.

Presuming tliat suckers are ready for potting from
the end of July to the end of August, and that there
is either a frame fixed on a hotbed with a bottom-
heat temperature of about 85° to 90°, or the sauu'
bottom-heat in some other structure, proceed to pot
your suckers, placing the largest in 7-inch pots, and
the smaller ones in relatively smaller pots. I am
an advocate for taking more of the bottom leaves
off the suckers than many practitioners do, aud for
cutting off more of the hard end than is common,
believing that this practice secures a quicker and
more plentiful formation of roots than the opposite
practice of cutting little or nothing of the stem and
leaving too many of the small scaly leaves ; in any
casi,', if the practice I prefer has no other advantage,
it has this in its favour — that the sucker can be fixed
in the pot more securely in this way than in the other,
which in a rootless plant is no slight advantage.

It is almost needless to say that the suckers must
be firmly potted, and the pots filled level with the
rim of the pots, to prevent the possibility of over-
watering until the ])ot is filled with roots.

For the first month after potting, I prefer plunging
the plants in the propagating-bed quite close togethei-;
evaporation is then less, and I have an impri!ssion
that roots will form much more quickly under this
condition than when plunged further apart when
evaporation is more rapid.

In a month or five weeks' time they should be
overhauled, when it will be found tliat most, if not
all, have rooted to the pot side ; the strongest suckers
will probably have filled their pots with roots, and
should receive a shift into their fruiting pots, when
the cultivator may expect, if all goes on well, to be
rewarded with a good, rigid, ripe fruit in a twelve-
month from date of potting bis sucker ; but this
is rather the exception than the rule, as the majority
of the suckers will be better in the same pot until
the following February.

It is a great mistake to pot Pines late, when they
have no chance of filling their pots with roots, their
condition the following spring is always unsatis-
factory, and in nine cases out of ten, when this
practice is carried out, the added soil used in the
late shift has to be taken off the ball, which is so much
labour lost, and in addition the excess of moisture
which this inert soil engenders destroys most of the
roots formed in the sucker-pit, so that it is a loss
all round.

When the rooted suckns come to be replunged
they must have more room for the admission of more
light and air, with the object of securing a dwarf
sturdy growth — an indispensable foundation for
future successful results. They should remain in
this position until the following February, and
should be encouraged to grow up to the second or
third week in October by a rather moist and warm
temperature. After this time the plants must be
induced to rest by reducing the supply of moisture
at the root and in the atmosphere ; and in the depth
of winter — say, from the middle of December to the
middle of January— all the moisture they need is a.
little water sprinkled on the bed among the plants
out of a rose-pot two or three times a week. The
temper.ature of the pit at this time should not
exceed 60° or 65° at night, with a rise of a few-
degrees in the daytime with sun-heat. The bottom-
heat should range from 70° to 75°. About the
middle of February the plants should be in gi-and
order for shifting into their fruiting pots. Have the
soil and pots in readiness a short time before they
are wanted, and if the weather is very cold, as it
usually is, have the soil previously warmed over one
of the boiler fires.

Before turning the plant out of its pot take off a
few of its bottom leaves to allow of fresh roots being
emitted ; pot rather deep, and as firmly as if you were
potting a Cape Heath.

It must be remembered that the compost I recom-
mend is light and spongy, so that it would be impos-

254

THE GA RDENER S' CHE ONI CLE,

[August 27, 1887.

«ible to pot too firmly. Before replunging your pliints
see that your plunging material is in trie right
■condition ; if more leaves or tan be required now is
ithe time to add it. After replunging the newly
potted plants the bottom-heat may be slightly in-
creased to 80° or S3°, and maintained at this as
nearly as possible all summer.

The absolute necessity of giving the plants plenty
■of room while making their growth cannot be too
•Strongly enforced on cultivators. It is false economy
to stint them for room at this stage while the frame
of the plant is being built preparatory to produncing
.a fruit worth looking at.

Towards the end of August or beginning of Seji-
tember, tlie fruiting Pine-stove will be pretty well
■cleared of summer fruiters and will be ready to re-
ceive the plants which we have been considering, and
■Avhich are intended to supply ripe fruit from early in
^lay onwards through tlie following summer.

The plants should still be encouraged to grow by
moderate waterings and moist atmosphere up to
about the middle of October, when water at the root
should be entirely withheld and occasional syringing
of the surface of the bed made to sufiice. Occasion-
ally through the summer, if the cultivator is satisfied
that the pot is well filled with roots, the plants will
lie benefited with a soaking of weak manure-watt-r
(cow or shepp manure) once a fortnight.

Towards the end of November the plants should
be looked over and top-dressed, at the same time
taking care to securely fasten all plants that may bi'
in any way loose at the collar, by ramming with the
potting-stick.

When the plants are re-plunged they may now be
placed much thicker together (as the next start the
plants will make will be into fruit), making room for
-a few others from the succession-pit, which one can
always pick out as likely to show. I ought to say
that the glass and the house ought to be thoroughly
■well washed and cleaned, as at this time of the year
*very ray of light is of the utmost importance to the
well-being of the plant.

The bottom -heat may now be increased from fi.'i^
to 90°, the effect of which will be, that many of the
forwardest plants will show for fruit, and with ordi-
nary treatment and the maintenance of good heat,
these will come in early in May, and others will
follow well on to August or September, succeeded
through the autumn and winter by the Kothschilds
iind Cayennes from the same batch of suckers, the^t-
taking longer time to mature than Queens. At t!ie
■end of the summer there will generally be a few
■Queen plants which have not shown fruit. It is
useless to keep these any longer ; if they show after
this the fruit will not swell to any size, and will be in-
variably black in the centre, and if kept over to thi^
following spring, the fruit they show then is small
^nd poor compared to that of younger plants, so
that if they do not show before the middle of August
.the plants are best thrown away and the room given
to better ones.

Potted in the compost which I recommend they
fill the pots full of roots in a short time ; water passes
through it easily, therefore they can be liberally
supplied with liquid manure while swelling their
fruit, and there is no fear of the soil becoming sour
through frequent syringing in hot weather, which
is very beneficial at this stage. I advocate slight
shade for succession plants in all stages, but not for
fruiters, excepting at mid-day, in very hot weather.
Fruit ripening should have a sheet of tissue-paper
thrown over it in very bright weather, or the sun
"will sometimes scorch them and turn them black.

Water at the root should be withheld immediately
iiny sign of colouring is perceived. Pines may
easily be kept for a month from the time they com-
mence colouring, by. cither cutting them off thr
plant and hanging in a cool dry room, or by
removing the plant with the fruit on to a cool-house.
The varieties we grow in quantities arc the broad-
leaved Queen, Charlotte Rothschild, Black Jamaica,
and Smooth Cayenne. The following we also grow
hut in loss numbers — they will never supersede the
above varieties: — Providence, Black Prince, Prince
Albert, lieatrice l.ambton, and Lord Carrington.

It is my custom to plant suckers at any time of
the year if a strong one is to be had ; by this means
an odd fruit is often had lipe at a time when one
would otherwise be shoit. The crowns of the winter
fruiters are always looked after and potted, but the
crowns of Queens are never cared for, as suckers are
plentiful and are preferred. Where the stock of
Cayennes and Kothschiids is low, the leaves may be
cut from the old fruiters and the stem buried in saw-
dust, about half an inch in depth, ia a bottom-heat of
'JO^, when several young plants will proceed from
each stem.

It is the custom with some to tie up the leaves
of Pines while working among them. This I would
never allow. It is a barbarous practice, and sliould
be eschewed by all good cultivators. I will only add
one more item — it is this: never fail to have a brick
or slate under your pots when plunging; it prevents
the ingress of worms, and maintains the soil in a
sweet and healthy condition, by affording a free
passage for water from the roots. 0. Thomas, Chats-
worth.

A FRENCH TOWN GAEDEN.

The difference observable between the typical
small English villa gardens snch as exist by the
hundred in the vicinity of our great towns, and those
of a con-esponding class abroad are great indeed.
Generally speaking the advantage is on our side, the
gardens of the class we are alluding to are better de-
signed, better planted, and better maintained than
on the other side of the Channel. One difference is
the more remarkable as we are considered, or con-
sider ourselves, a practical people, while our
neighbours the French are credited with better taste
and a keener eye for beauty, and that is that with us
the kitchen-garden is kept separate from the flower-
garden, lawn, and shrubberies. In gardens of the
size we allude to the kitchen-garden is indeed often
dispensed with altogether. Tastes differ, but if we
were advising a suburban amateur who can only de-
vote a short time to his garden and who was within
eusv reach of a greengi'ocer, we should counsel him to
avoid the costly disappointmentsof a kitchen-garden.
Of course if he can afford the luxury of a permanent
gardener, and does not object to the cost of produc-
tion, he may disdain what the greengrocer offei-s him ;
and truth to say it is very often of indifferent quality
and of high price.

Our French neighbours, more thrifty than we,
seem generally to look on a garden as afford-
ing a supply of something to eat, and do not
trouble themselves much with decorative gardens
and the culture of flowers. Hut occasionally in the
class we allude to the proprietor has a soul above
Onions, and then the disposition of his flower-beds is
as elegant and pleasing as with us. Sometimes, too,
an attempt is made to combine the utile didci, and
notwithout success, as the accompanying plan (fig. 63)
will show. This plan is imjjroved from a pocket-book
sketch taken from the ramparts at Boulogne, and
shows the manner in which the proprietor utilised a
small plot of ground which once formed part of the
moat surrounding the old town, a shows the entrance
fi'om the high road ; n d, indicate various plantations
of pyramidal Pears with dwarf Apples in front ; c c,
show groups of ornamental shrubs ; o, were Koses ; e,
dwarf fruit trees ; i-. turf beds and verges ; o, was a
.summer-house ; h, j, frames. &c. So that in this
small si)ace there were central beds on turf, marginal
shrubberies, isolated specimen trees, Koses and other
(lowers intermingled with well-trained dwarf fruit
trees. The general effect was not only pleasing to
the eye, but satisfactory so far as more material
affairs were concerned.

The Flora of the Pacific Islands.— The

third part of M. Dk.ike oei. C.iSJ'iLr.o's I/liislmlions
Florre Inmlarium Maris Farijid has been published
(XUsson). It consists of lithographed illustrations
and of technical descriptions of various species of
Sphenogyne and other Labiates not at preseAt of
liortieultural interest.

Home Correspondence.

THE DOUBLE POMEGRANATE.— Tliis season the
Pomegranate, with many other kinds of rare shrubs,
are flowering more profusely than for very many
years past. The hot weather evidently, has conduced
to that effect. In the gardens of Southtown, Kenton,
Exeter, the residence of Major Courtenay, a plant, on
a south wall covering a space 11 by 13 feet has been
flowering most profusely for some time past ; now it
has over 250 brilliant scarlet flowers expanded, which
last a long time when cut and placed in water, and
they are also useful for ladies' or gentlemen's bou-
quets. J). C. Fotvcll.

FROST ON AUGUST 15.— Will it be believed
that tliere were 4° to G° of frost on the morning of
Monday. August 15? At Salisbury it was keenly
felt, and it struck the Dahlia plantations of Messrs.
Keynes, "Williams & Co., burning up the leaves of
many of the plants, and disfiguring not a few of the
flowers in a remarkable degree. The plantations of
Dahlias are on a gentle slope, with the river Avon
close by in the valley ; the plants had been copiously
watered on Monday, and that, no doubt, aggravated
the frosty effect. It was curious to notice that a cold
blast had rushed across the plants here and there,
striking several in a line, but leaving others close by
untouched. B. D.

THE LATE THUNDERSTORM.— I send you a few
notes of a most disastrous hailstorm, accompanied by
thunder and lii^htning, which swept over this district
on the 17th [inst., doing a great deal of damage to
vegetation. We had forty large squares of glass
broken in the conservatory alone, aui a quantity in
the other houses, pits, and frames, &c. The flower
garden it has laid waste, stripping leaves and flowers
alike from the plants. Eruit trees have suffered
severely, being almost denuded of their leaves, while
Apples that remain upon the trees present the
appearance of having been shot. As for vegetables,
those wliich the dry summer has left have been
spoiled. Celery trenches were fllled with hailstones
as large as marbles, presenting a spectacle easier
imagined than described. Broccoli and other winter
greens have most of them their heads cut out. and so
rendered useless. French Beans, Beet, and Marrows
are torn about, even Onions have large holes cut in
them. Chrysanthemums, of which we have 160
varieties, are stripped of their foliage, and a great
many with their points gone; in fact, we have not
fifty plants left of any use. I would like to hear,
through your valuable columns, if any of your many
correspondents have had any experience of the above
storm, the like of which " the oldest inhabitant "
tells me he does not remember about this district.
Charles Lee, The Gardens, Sion Hili, Kidderminster.

POTATOS. — I am greatly interested to learn on
the authority of Mr. J. J. Willis, that scab on
Potato is due to excess of moisture. Oddly enough,
my own experience, and I am sure that of many
other growers, has been that scab is invariably the
worst in dry seasons, and generally is very prevalent
this year. Indeed in years past we have often
ascribed the abrasions on the skin — for scab is, like
beauty, but skin deep — to earth-worms searching for
moisture when the soil was dry : a theory which
might be wide of tlie mark, but at least was suggested
by the dryness of the soil. Scab has been often
ascribed to the presence of lime or some other con-
stituent in the soil, but then it will display itself in all
kinds of soils in some seasons. Then it is according
to Mr. Willis aided by stable manure, which promotes
the existence of spores of mould fungi, which in his
opinion, help to increase the scab. Now it is a
curious circumstance that this evening, August 20.
a market gardener from Twickenham brought me a
capital sample of Vicar of Laleham Potato, the best
I have seen this season, but still very much scabbed.
On enquiry ns to the cause of this feature, he stated
that the very same Potato in soil adjoining, well
manured in the spring, was quite free from scab, thus
contradicting at once Mr. Willis' t'leory. My own
experience does not at all favour the assumption that
manure has any thing to do with scab, and all
experience so far has shown that scab is more due to
dryness of the soil than to any other cause. That
Potatos whilst in process of growth do develope
little warts or excrescences on the surface of the skin
is well known to all growers, and these may finally
extend into scab or rot. To ordinaiy observei's these

1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

■warts look as if they were the outlets for some
matter forming in the tuber which Xature took
this means of ejecting— matter ivliich, having dis-
charged its functions in the tuber, was being thrown
ofi". That again may be a very unscientific opinion
and altogether inexact. [We ii'ar so. Ed.] In any
case it is worthy of note that scab is never held to
be indicative of absence of quality in Potatos, indeed,
it is usually held to indicate good starchy quality in
the tubers. It seems to be lield, I observe, in other
remarks respecting the formation of starch in Potatos,
that blooming is exhaustive of starch. But if it is thus
assumed that the formation of seed berries exhausts
matter which would otherwise be employed in tuber
formation then I think there is no room for question.
Still it must be understood that not one variety of
the Potato in twenty which blooms even profusely
sets blooms fnatnrally, and thus produces seed-balls.
Very few kinds indeed naturally produce seed, and

But I do thin); that ]trevention is better than cure,
and it is a much wiser ]ilan to try and keep our
plants healthy than to run tlie risk of restoring them
to health and vigour after thev have once become
diseased. Since this controversy began I have had
numerous letters, both from amateur and professional
gardeners, testifying to tlie excellent results obtained
by a judicious application of cold water. I recom-
mend your readers to try the experiment and report
their results, which I have no doubt will be looked
forward to with great interest. S. Hcalov, Dilworth
House, LangrhJr/r, Prrstntt.

THE BULB MITE : ITS CAUSE AND CURE.—

One of your correspondents at p. oOl, placed on
record anotlier similar cure of the mite disease, so
far as it affects the Eucharis, and now, by the state-
ment of two witnesses, it has been proved tliat tlie
mite can be checked, if not permanently cured.

;C« "?■ ':>^^r h'^ %.;

€* B ^ 4 €i'

V e4 t-

ft'- /F

Fig. 03. — A FRENCH TOWN GARDEN. (SEE TEXT.)

these are of no gi*eat merit, so that any such feature
if really thus objectionable, may be avoided by
not planting the kind. With practically nine-
teen-twentieths of our best kinds seedless there is
little reason for taking any special precautions
against seedinj?. A. 1),

WATERING OF PLANTS. — It gives me great
pleasure to comply with the request of "J. J. W.,"
as regards the temperature of the water I use for
syringing and watering, though, at the same time, I
do not see how these temperatures will benefit any
one very much, as the temperature of the water will
fall and rise according to the state of the weather
and the season of the year. IJut as far as I can
judge it will range from 40° to G0° F. On August
22, at 8 o'clock in the morning, the thermometer
stood at T)2° F.. at noon and at 4 o'clock in thi^
afternoon at 54° F. It is universally admitted that
too much of a good thing is injurious, quite as much
as too much of a bad thing, and 1 do not on anv
account advocate any extreme and injurious practice.

This, at least, must be glad tidings to many who,
like ourselves, could neither get foliage nor flowers
but now they come to enrich and gladden. Surelv
this is a step in advance. We now come a little
further, and find that in some cases such as your
correspondent describes the mites are, to use a short
description, "in possession," but if your corre-
spondent Iiad shut the door, or. in other words, tried
prevention or renovation, would his case hiive been
such a hopeless one ? We lately inspected a large
house full of Eucharis grown expressly for cut
flowers, and the disease having been in j)ossession
unknown to the OT\iier. ho is now prepared to make
a radical attempt on the same plan as we described.
When examined many of tliose bulbs were just as
your correspondent desi-ribcs, and when' tliis is the
case, acting on a hint di ri
bulb growers, he intends i'>
the bulb, believing that, Ml
heal up again. Time will show whether this will
he successful or not, but it is cheering to know that
all are not so badly infested, hence we can write up

allup

thp Hyacinth

lit Ihn base of

nth. it will

"There is still hope for you." Keferring to the
cause of the mite we stated our opinion briefly, and
as we writi' to give and receive information it would
have been much better had your correspondent
cnlightt.'ned your r^adurs by giving Iiis own opinion
on tile subject, and his reasons for disbelief in ours.
Irrespective of this bulb mite question, it would be
very interesting to have some information from any
one wiser than Topsy on the following problem —
"The origin of vegetable decay, and how this is
consumed or destroyed in the economy of Nature"
In offering an opinion on theLilium auratum question
it appears to us that the cause and the cure may be
something very similar. The bulbs growing in their
native habitat are raised both in a ripe and unripe
stage, i)acked in wood cases among clay, forwarded by
steamer tlirough a tropical zone, and in many cases
are unpacked and exposed to the air long before they
are jiotted u]i again. Query: Are the mites not
brought into existence and encouraged in life at this
particular stage ? Very fortunately we have no
cause to complain, as we have long ago discovered a
plan which ensures ])crfect success with any bulbs of
Lilium auratum, and the whole secret is, non-expo-
sure to air. Without a mite to annoy or destroy we
naturally expect deterioration; but if the mite is
such a deadly matter, and reigns supreme in Japan,
how are magnificent large bulbs and thousands of
cases still to be bad. and not a whisper of their
" happy despatch " from that interesting country
wher« they live and grow ? Clark Bros., Carlisle.
[We have lately seen bulbs of lloman Hyacinths
swarming with mites. Ed.]

HARDINESS OF WHITE ELEPHANT AND
BEAUTY OF HEBRON POTATOS.— The cold spring
proved beyond a doubt the comparative hardi-
ness of the two varieties of Potatos known as
White Elephant and Beauty of Hebron. I had a
rood or two of ground set apart for vegetables in an
open situation, fully exposed to the winds, which
traverse big fields, unchecked by trees or high hedges.
Here I had planted several varieties of the Potato,
and amongst them five or six rows, of about 50 feet
long, of each of the above kinds. Whilst all the
other varieties came up irregularly and slowly, these
trees presented unbroken rows of fine haulm. This
averaged 18 inches in height, and rather more in
width, and is now in luxuriant healtli. The White
Elephants, which showed bloom first, were the
stronger of the two, though Beauty of Hebron is
equal to it in the matter of sturdy growth. Taking
into considerattion that these crops (albeit they look
tender) were unharmed by 3° of frost on one or
more occasions, are excellent cro])pers, and of fair
average quality, 1 do not err greatly in recommeuding
them for more general cultivation. William, Earlcy.

WASPS. — Whatever may be the general experi-
ence in regard to the numbers of wasps prevalent
this season, certainly they are abundant enough in
some places. At Maiden Erleigh, and close to the
kitchen garden, a nest was found to have been made
in a stack of turf soil. This was smoked with sul-
phur, then carefully dug out, and was found to be
the largest ever seen there, for it was about 30 inches
in circumference, and contained literally thousands
of wasps of great size. Oddly enough, at the
Erleigh Cottage Garden Exhibition prizes are
otFered for the finest wasps' nests, these being, of
course, shown in close cases or glasses. The one
from the turf bed was put on to a board, and under
a close-fitting hand-light, which was secured to
the board, and so exhibited, easily taking the 1st
prize. On one side a portion of the outer case of the
nest, which is in all cases round, had been acci-
dentally broken away, and thus spectators were
enabled to inspect the internal structure of this
curious dwelling. The tiers of comb ran across the
nest horizontally, but somewhat hollowed, and
not more than three-quarters of an inch apart ;
indeed, thickness of comb and intervals seemed to
correspond with exceeding accuracy. The wasps
wei-e far larger than were those found with better
and much smaller nests. The labour of making this
nest must have been great, and it would be interest-
ing to know out of what materials it is constructed.
The hollowing out of so great a space in the soil
must also have been great, and it seems evident that
every grain of the soil must have been carried out
and dropped away, as no evidence of such an exca-
vation was externally visible. A. D.

Your correspondent. j\Ir. Chitty, writes on

July 14: — " On all hands we ai-e hearing, ' Where are
the wasps?' and we cannot get an answer."* I am
sorry to he able to answer the question, for we have

256

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AuoDST 27, 1887.

An abundance of tliera, destroying Grapes, Plums,
■&w\ Goosebei-ries ; they also attacked a hive of bees,
And have, I regret to say, come oiJ' victorious. AVe
have bottles in all directions with the usual sour drinks
in them, but that is not very eft'ectual. At present
we have only destroyed one nest ; we burn tliem out
with paraffin. Being a very weedy district they get
into hollow trees ; in these places our mode of pro-
cedure is neither ap|)licable nor desii-able. Can any
of your numerous correspondents oblige me with the
■information how we can best destroy them in such
cases ? llkkard Weller, The Ganhns, Gkmtal Custle.

THE QUALITY OF EARLY POTATOS THIS YEAR.—
■Seeing ilr. JIuriiliy's note on this subject in your
issue of the Gth inst., it struck me that although we
are not " a hundred miles " apart it might interest
vou to know how our Potatos turn out. We commenced
Myatt's Ashleaf on June 1.5 ; they were very good in
all points. Early Keds were a good size, but useless
when cooked, turning out like soap. White Ele-
phant from home-saved seed turned out similar to
■the last, while those from seed procured from the
■chalk hills ot Sussex were splendid, being of a good
■usable size, boiling quite dry and of a good flavour.
'Tliis fact, I think, speaks volumes in favour of fre-
■ quently changing seed, jirovided the soils are always
■of a different nature. Dalmahoys were next tried,
iDUt thev -ivere only modei-ate. Thus far I have found
no variety so good as Wicklow Banger, it being in
■every way excellent, and has the merit of remaining
so until March. I do not know its origin, but I mean
to make it my sheet-anchor after the Ashleafs — in
the future. We have not yet tried the Village Black-
smith, Climax, and Schoolmaster, but shall in the
course of a few days ; we expect great things from the
first-named variety. Our soil is a sandy loam resting
on a subsoil consisting whollv of huge sandstones.
Bichard HWkr, T/ir (iartleiis, Gkiwtal Castk, Miime.
.Co. Lii/U'ric/:.

Societies.

KOYAL HORTICULTURAL.

August 2.3. — The greater part of the space in the
conserviitory on Tuesdiiy last was occupied by the
exhibits forming the Xationiil Co-operative Society's
show, to which reference is made in another column
(p. 250) ; here we only de.al with those subjects sub-
mitted to the Fruit and Floral Committees. The
chief items of attraction were the fine collections of
Gladioli from Messrs. Kelway & Son, and of Liliums
from Jlr. W. Gordon, among flowers, &c. ; while in
the fruit section the collection of fruit trees in pots
/rom Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons called for attention.

Floral Committee.

Present; G. F. Wilson. Esq., F.K.S., in the chair ;
and Messrs. E. Hill, J. (J'Brien, H. M. Pollett, H.
Ballantyne, J. Uominv, C. Noble, G. Paul, G. Duf-
field, W. H. Lowe, I.Walker, J. Fr.aser, W. Wilk.s,
J. Douglas. A. F. Lendy, T. Baines. W. Holmes, S.
Hibberd, H. Turner, and Dr. M. T. blasters, F.E.S.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, contributed speci-
mens of ornamental foliaged Plums, viz., Prunus
Pissardi, the deep purple-leaved form, illustr.ated by
us March 26, 1887 (p. 41G), to show how well
it kept ; and P. domestica variegata, a prettily varie-
gated form, which would be useful in shrubberies.

Messrs. F. W. and H. Stansfield, Sale, near Man-
chester, sent several varieties of British Ferns, all
very pretty and distinct, Scolopendrium vulgare var.
crispato-fi'mbriata especially so. It is well described
by its name, and has fronds 10 inches long, by -l — 5
inches wide. Two forms of Blechnum spicaut var.
])luraosa, andAspleniummarinum var. plumosa, both
with finely-cut fronds, were also good.

From Messrs. Vilmorin & Co., Paris, there came
an Aster (boutpiet) named Pyramidal Rose, with
medium size flowers, freely produced, bright rose-
pink in colour — a pretty decorative sort (strain
commended). Gesnera longiflora was shown as a
neglected plant by Mr. U. Dean, Ranelagh Road.
Ealing, W., and certainly it is pretty enough to find
favour, but perhaps it has the fault of being too old.

Thi! exhibit of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons,
Chelsea, was very varied, and of great interest ; it
included specimens of Nephrolepis rul'escens var.
tripinnsitifida (illustrated by us April 9. 1.S87, pp. 477,
481) ; Keneciomacr.antha, from China, a strong-grow-
ingplant.attaining.'J— 4feet,andbearingbrightyellow
flowers with long narrow rays ; Asplenium scandens,
41 native of Sumatra. This Fern has a slender

creeping rootstock, thinly covered with brownish
scales, and producing oblong fronds about four times
divided; the pinnte are wedge-shaped, and the ulti-
mate segments linear-oblong, dark green in colour.

Phrynium variegatum and Oplismenus albidus,
both desirable plants, were shown. The latter is
almost pure white, the green present being pale
emerald ; and hybrid Rhododendrons were well re-
presented— Duchess of Edinburgh, bright crimson-
scarlet, and Nemesis, orange-yellow with a suspicion
of brownish-red, are exceedingly pretty.

Orchids were not numerous, F. G. Tautz, Esq.,
Studley House, Shepherd's Bush, W. (gr. Mr.
Cowley), showed Miltonia Moreliana, Oncidium
triquetrum, Aeroi)era I.,oddesi, a remarkable-looking
plant ; CypripediumAinsworthi,A(;ridesRegnieri, the
brownish spur of which contrasts well with the rosv
sepals and petals ; and Disa cornuta, a remarkable
species, certainly not pretty. Mr. G. W. Cummins
also showed this Disa, having very good plants of it.
From MM. Linden, Administrateurs de I'Horticul-
ture Interniitionale, Brussels, came Cypiipedium
prrestans, a new plant, described by Professor Reich-
enbach in this number, p. 24.3. The dorsal sepal is
vellowish-green with purplish-brown stripes, lip yel-
lowish-green or pale olive, long narrow twisted petals
of pur|)lish hue, and a very prominent column.
Tuberous Begonias were represented by cut blooms
of single and .louble flowers, from Mr. R. Owen. Byron
Hill, Maidenhead : we have seen larger blooms, but
the colours were as good as any we have seen, the
petals and sepals were of good substance too. The
Liliums of Mr. W. Gordon, Twickenham, which re-
ceived a Silver Banksian Medal, were particularly
attractive, over fifty plauts being staged, mostly
varieties of L. auratum : they evidenced care in the
cultivation.

Messrs. J. Carter & Co. showed a variety of L.
auratum, named Wittei, white, with very prominent
yellow nerves, presenting a peculiar appearance,
which might find fiivour with some.

Mr. T. S. Ware, Uale Farm Nurseries, Totten-
ham— whose zealous support of these shows can-
not be too much commended — contributed a mis-
cellaneous collection of hardy flowers, (jladioli
being the chief; others were (Saillardias, Liliums,
and Iceland Poppies. Among the Gaillardias —
one' with bright] yellow rays with red bases — Ad-
miration, particularly drew our attention. We
nmst also mention Milla biflora, which, with its white
star-like flowers, is very pretty. (Silver Banksian
Medal.) Mr. Ware also showed pompon, single, and
Cactus Dahlias in quantity— Huntsman, a bright
scarlet single, and Miss Gordon, equally divided into
yellow and deep crimson, the latter on the margin of
"the flower (also single), were two gems : others were
also very bright.

A very fine lot of double Dahlias came from Messrs.
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent — very large, even
flowers, finely finished — George Eawlings, Henry
Turner, Clara, Constancy, Flag of Truce, Muriel,
and John Standish were the best bloooms. (Silver
Banksian Medal.)

Some choice plants were sent from the Royal
Gardens, Kew, and were as follows : — Erythrina caffra
var. Humei, flowers brilliant scarlet, and very pretty ;
Pentstemon cordifolius, reddish flowers ; Mucuna
imbricata, a very grotesque and remarkable plant,
with a raceme of black-purple flowers, which are well
shown oflf by the light green leaves ; Stcnoglottis
fimbriata, Cosmos bipinnatus, lake flowers ; Testu-
dinaria elephantipes, Kniphofia pallidiflora, a small
plant with a few white flowers, of no great value for
gardeners ; also Origanum hybridum, with purplish-
green bracts. Besides there was a fasciated flower
of Jasminum sambac var. Maid of Orleans, with a
head of flowers like a ball.

Messrs. W. Kelway & Son, Langport. showed a
very large lot of spikes of Gladioli, equalling the dis-
play made at the last show. We are unable to make
a selection, and enumerate only those which received
certificates ; they were : — J. Downing, blush, crimson
flakes at the miirgin ; Halle, crimson-scarlet ; Mary
Anderson, mauve, with white throat; Mrs, Edgar
Wild, crimson, streaked white, fading to white in the
throat ; Bon.avia, red-lilac, faintly streaked white.
All tile spikes shown were magnificent specimens
of the Gladiolus — large fiowers and several on the
spike. (Silver-gilt Banksian Medal.)

Dr. blasters showed, from Mr. Acton's garden,
Rathdrum, specimens of three species of Athrotaxis,
for which a vote of thanks was awarded.
First-class Certificates were awarded as follows ;—
Gaillardia Admiration, from Mr. T. S. Ware.
Dahlia (single) Miss Gordon, from Mr. T. S. Ware.
Cypripedium pricstans, from MM. Linden.

Scolopendrium vulgare var. crispato fimbriata, from
Messrs. F. W. & H. Stansfield.

(iladiolus Bonavia, from Messrs. Kelway & Son.

Gladiolus Mrs Edgar Wild, from Messrs. Kelway &
Son.

Gladiolus Mary Anderson, from Jlessrs. Kehvav
& Son.

Gladiolus Halle, from Messrs. Kelway & Son.

Gladiolus, John Downing, from Messrs. Kehvav
& Son.

Asplenium scandens, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.
Botanical Certificate.

Disa cornuta, from Jlr. J. W. Cummins.
Commended.

Aster (bouquet) Pyramidal Rose, strain com-
mended, from jlessrs. 'V^ilinorin, Andrieux, & Co.

Fruit Committee.

Present : T. F. Rivers, Esq., iu the chair ; anil
Messrs. W. Warren, J. Willard, J. Lee, F. Rutland.
G. Norman, J. Fitt, G. Bunyard, A. H. Pearson, 11.
Veitch, P. Crowley, E. Hogg, LL.D., J. Burnett,
and R. D. Blackmore.

The chief exhibitors here were Messrs. Veitch &
Sons, Chelsea, who contributed a fine collection of
twenty-seven dishes of fruit — grand samples through-
out, and also an interesting collection of fruit trees
in pots ; in the latter we observed Early Trans-
parent Gage, Prince Engelbert Plum, and .Jeffries'
Plum. The dishes contained Peach Sea Eagle, a
handsome fruit ; Plums, Lawson's Golden, Washing-
ton, Victoria, The Czar, Golden Esperen ; ami
Apples, Red Astrachan, Keswick Codlin, Oslin, Lord
Sutfield. King Pippin, Duchesse d'Oldenburg ;
Pears, Jargonelle, Beurre Giffard, &c.

Mr. F. lioss, gr. to Sir G. Macleay, Pendell Court.
Bletchingley, Surrey, showed fruits of the Guava;
and there were also a few other exhibits, wliieh.
however, do not call for particular mention.

HASTINGS, ST. LEONARDS, AND
EAST SUSSEX.

Anti. 17. — The products throughout were of that
high degree of excellence which has characterised
this exhibition for many years past ; there was, how-
ever, a slight falling-off in some classes where the
effects of the loug-continued drought had most made
itself felt.

Plants. — The classes devoted to these were produc-
tive of many examples of high-class cultivation.
Mr. Portuell, gr. to Sir A. Lamb, Beaufort, was the
most successful exhibitor of stove and greenhouse
plants, showing in the class for eight specimens a
grand piece of Dipladenia amabilis most profusely
flowered, as also was Bougainvillea glabra; Erica
Austiniana and E. Aitonia turgida were also finely
done — Messrs. Knight & Co., being a close 2nd, with
good plants, among others, of Erica cerinthoides
coronata, Statice Gilbertii, and Rondeletia speciosa
major. For six specimens, Mr. Grossman, Coghurst
Hall, came 1st with a very fresh set, a Bougainvillea
glabra being finely coloured. Messrs. Portuell and
Grossman being in the premier places again in two
smaller classes with equally meritorious plants. For
eight foliaged plants, Mr. Jupn, gr. to G. Boulton,
Esq., Eastbourne, was 1st, with a compact, well-grown
set, Croton Audreanus, C. Challenger, and C. Quix^n
Victoria being finely coloured ; also a beautiful
example of Cycas revoluta — Mr. Portuell, following
a close 2nd, but not so bright in colour, Palms being
his strongest featu.ie. The same two exhibitors took
like places for eight exotic Ferns. In another
class for foliaged plants was a fine specimen
of Dracicna Shepherdii, from Mr. Grossman :
this variety is still one of the finest of the
larger gi-owing stove kinds. Zonal Pelargo-
niums (both single and double) made a brilliant
display, Mr. Portuell coming in 1st in both sections :
Mr. Hobden, Harold Nursery. Hastings, being a very
close 2nd in both instances. For Fuchsias, Mr.
Portuell was again successful, with compact healthy
pyramids, densely flowered. Ericas were well shown
(as usu.al at this show), being a most instructive
feature for decoration at this season, Mr. Portnell
and Messrs. Knight both showing well. A very fresh
example of Marnockiana, from the latter exhibitor,
also took the 1st prize as the best specimen plant.

In groups for eflTect there was room for improve-
ment, but Mr. Jupp's premier group was very light
and not crowded, being a pattern for the other ex-
hibitors. Mr. Gilbert, of Springfield Nursei'j^,
Hastings, staged a group of plants, not for cumpe-

August 27, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' C EBON I CLE.

257

tition, which produced a good effect at the end of one
of the marquees.

Cut Flowers. — For twenty-four varieties of stove
and greenhouse varieties, Messrs. Knight, Gilbert,
jun., and Portnell took the prizes in the order named,
the former exhibitor being strong in the best varieties
of Ericas and stove plants. In Roses Mrs. WooUard,
Cooksbridge Nursery, Lewes, was 1st, for twenty-
four varieties, showing a very fresh lot of blooms ;
Jlr. Slaughter, of Steyning, being next in order,
with some capital blooms of Tea-scented kinds. In
a smaller class Mr. Gorringe, of Eastbourne, showed
well.

In table decorations, bouquets, and baskets of
flowers, there was a brisk competition, Messrs. Chard
and Bishop taking 1st prizes for the former ; whilst
in bouquets Mr. Bishop, gr. to F. Peake, Esq., Croy-
don, was to the front, and Mr. Jliller, of Steyning,
following, each showing arrangements of a sensible
size ; Mrs. Chard being again successful with the
b.i.sket class.

From Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, came some
capit.ll boxes of pompon. Cactus, and single Dahlias,
each type being well represented ; these, with a good
selection of herbaceous plants (cut), were backed up
witli cut specimens of hardy ornamental foliage
jdants, which produced a good effect.

Fruit. — For Black Hamburgh and Muscat Grapes
Jlr. Allen, gr. to Lord Brassey, Normanhurst, was an
excellent 1st in each instance, showing large and
finely finished bunches of the former, and beauti-
fully coloured samples of the latter. For any other
bhick kind, three well finished Madresfield Court
won for Mr. Jupp the 1st prize, beating some good
examples of Gros Maroc, with extra large berries
from Mr. Timms, of New Barnet. In another class
Mr. Grossman won with fine bunches of West's St.
I'eter's, as well as taking 2nd for Black Hamburghs.
A\'ith a collection of six dishes of fruit Mr. Portnell
took 1st place with a good all-round collection, show-
ing also some very fine T^eaches in the classes for that
fruit. Mr. Grossman proved himself an all-round
exhibitor by staging and well winning the two 1st
prizes for collections of vegetables, showing very fine
Celery (Sutton's White Gem), as well as other ex-
cellent vegetables.

The vegetables, pot plants, cut flowers, and fruit
shown by the cottagers were a most praiseworthy
collection of produce, filling one tent entirely, with
scarcely an inferior exhibit among them, whilst the
majority would have done the growers credit in any
open competition. H.

TROWBRIDGE HORTICTILTTJRAL.

Aug. 17. — The annual exhibition of this Society
was a thoroughly good one throughout, one of the
best ever held ; but seeing that the schedule of
prizes contains nearly 150 classes it is obvious that
only a few salient features can be touclied upon.

Fuchsias. — These are always a prime feature at
this show. For some season Mr. James Lye did not
exhibit as usual, but other growers were to the fore.
Fine as they were, however, the Fuchsias were
scarcely up to the usual mark ; the hot dry weather
had told somewhat against them. Mr. George
Tucker, gr. to Major Clark, Trowbridge, was 1st, with
six specimens, having of dark varieties The Hon.
Jlrs. Hay, Charming, and Thomas King ; and of
light varieties Harriet Lye, Marginata, and Lye's
Favourite. Mr. H. Pocock, gr. to J. P. Harden,
Esi|., Trowbridge, was 2nd, with Doel's Favourite,
Beiuity of Hill View, and Bountiful — dark; Rose
of Castille, Princess of Wales, and Arabella — light.
.3ril, Mr. J. Matthews, gr. to W. R. Brown, Esq ,
Trowbridge, with plants far in excess of quality to
what is generally seen at flower shows. Mr. Tucker
hail the best four plants also.

Flowering Plants.— The best collection of nine
plants came from Mr. Tucker, who had Ixora coc-
ciuca, I. Morsei, Bougainvillea glabra, Allamanda
Ilcndersoni, A. nobilis, Statice profusa, Oncidium
flexuosnm, and Rondeletia speciosum major ; 2nd,
Mr. Matthews. Stove and greenhouse plants \yere
also shown in collections of six and three : Messrs.
Tucker, Pocock, and Matthews divided the honours.
The best specimen plant displaying superior culti-
vation was a fine piece of Cattleya Loddigesi, from
Mr. G. Pymm, gr. to Mrs. Gouldsworth, Trowbridge.

Mr. Richmond, gr. to G. L. Palmer, Esq., Trow-
bridge, had the best six single-flowered Begonias,
and the best six double also, both highly praise-
wortliy.

In the amateurs' division. Fuchsias, Begonias, Bal-
sams, &c., were all finely shown, and the Fuchsias

shown by cottagers, as well as zonal Pelargoniums,
were marvels of cottage culture.

Foliagcd Plants. — In the class for nine specimens
Mr. J. Currey, gr. to Colonel Pepper, Salisbury, was
1st, with good-sized examples of Palms, Crotons, &c.;
Mr. W. C. Drummond, nurseryman, Bath, being 2nd.
Ferns and Mosses were shown in groups of fifteen
pl.ants, Mr. Tucker being 1st with a very fine even
lot.

Cut Flowers. — There was a remarkable exhibition
for the season of Roses and Dahlias, some very fine
blooms of both being staged. The best twelve trebles
of Roses came from Mr. ,1. M.attock, New Head-
ington Nursery, Oxford ; Messrs. Keynes, Williams
& Co., Salisbury, being 2nd. Dr, Budd, Pultney
Street, Bath, had the best twenty-four single blooms,
staging some capital flowers ; Messrs. Geo. Cooling
& Son being 2nd. In the amateur classes for twelve
trebles and twelve singles. Dr. Budd was 1st in both ;
Mr. Thomas llobbs, Lower Easton, Bristol, being
2nd. Messrs. Keynes & Co. had the best twenty-
four varieties of Dahlias, staging a fine lot of blooms.
Mr. Thomas Hobbs had tlie best twelve varieties.
Messrs. Keynes & Co. also had the best twelve
blooms of fancy Dahlias, showing some excellent
blooms. Messrs. Keynes & Co., were also 1st with
twelve single Dahlias and the same number of pom-
pon variety, putting up excellent stands in both
cases. Asters, both quilled and French, were
numerous, and very fine. Hollyhocks, Gladioli,
Pansies, Carnations, and Picotees, &c., were also
good generally. Verbenas were a fine feature, some
fine varieties being exhibited. Table decorations,
both in garden and \vild flowers, bouquets .button-
holes, and memorial wreatlis, were also well shown.

Fniit. — Of this there was a very good display,
though the prizes offered in the various classes were
very low indeed ; but considering that the schedule
contains 150 classes, it is obvious that the prizes
must be low when so many subjects have to be pro-
vided for. The best collection of ten dishes came
from Mr. W. Iggulden, gr. to the Earl of Cork,
Marston, Frome, who had good Black Hamburgh and
Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Melon, very fine Belle-
garde and Grosse Mignonne Peaches. Moor Park
Apricots, Figs, Plums, Pears and Cherries ; 2nd, Mr.
H. Prosser, gr. to W. H. Laverton, Esq., Westbury,
with Alicante and Foster's Seedling Grapes. Royal
George Peaches, Melon, Plums, &c. Mr. Icgulden
was also 1st with si.x dishes. In the class for two
bunches of black Grapes Mr. Iggulden was 1st, with
good Black Hamburgh. In the class for white
Grapes, not Muscats, Mr. Atwell, gr. to J. B. Bram,
Esq., Bristol, was 1st. with Buckland Sweetwater,
good in colour. With Black Muscats Mr. B. Hopkins,
gr. to J. Bailey, Esq., Frome, was 1st, with good
Madresfield Court. Mr. Iggulden was 1st with two
good bunches of Muscat of Alexandria. Melons
were numerously show-n. The best scarlet-flesh
was Hero of Wilts ; the best green-flesh was unnamed.
Apricots were very fine. llr. Iggulden was 1st out
of sixteen competitors with a good dish, Mr. Mattick,
gr. to J. G. Foley, Esq., Trowbridge, being 2nd.
Peaches and Nectarines were in good quantity also,
but here the fruit are all cut, and so it happens that
the smallest sometimes wins on the score of flavour.
Royal George took honours on this ground — Elruge
and Pitmaston Orange among Nectarines. I'lums
were not up to their usual form, but dessert and
culinary Apples were an excellent feature. The best
two dishes of the former were Red Astrachan and
Beauty of Wilts, the last-named being in its best
form. Lord Suffield took the lead among culinary
varieties. There were twenty dishes of dessert Pears,
Jargonelle being the best flavoured.

Vegetables. — Of these there was a magnificent dis-
play ; indeed it did seem as if the Trowbridge
district growers had been independent of weather.
In all the divisions — open, gardeners, amateurs, and
cottagers — there were wonderful collections, Fotatos
especially being very clean and handsome, and the
competition was very keen in all the classes.

specimen stove or greenhouse plant was a very fine
piece of Anthnrium Scherzerianum from Mr. N.
Kneller, gr. to W. S. Portal, Esq., Malshanger Park,
Basingstoke; Mr. Wills coming2nd, with Erica obbata
purpurea. In the special prize list the best group of
stove or greenhouse plants arranged for effect came
from Mr. Weaver, gr. to W. W. Beach, Esq,, M. P., Oak-
ley Hall. Basingstoke, a bold and striking arrangement
with rich-coloured Crotons, Dracajnas, Alocasias,
&c., but a little too crowded and formally arranged ;
2nd, Mr. Wills, who had a tasteful group, a little
weak in appearance, and perilously near being dis-
qualified through the use of Chrysanthemums. The
best twelve plants, in or out of bloom, were a good
feature ; they came from Mr. Wills, who had Statice
profusa, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Erica Antonia
Turnbulli, Ixora Prince of Orange, Stephanotis
floribunda, Croton majesticus, C. Disraeli, Cycas in-
termedia. Kentia Fosteriana, &c. ; 2nd, B. Tripp,
gr. to Mr. Fields, Godalming.

Fuliaged Plants. — Mr. Wills had the best six of
these, staging Cycas revoluta, Areca lutescens.
Dasylirion acrotrichum. and Crotons Prince of
Wales, variegatus, and Johannis. Mr. Wills had
the best six exotic Ferns, staging finely developed
specimens ; while Mr. Kneller was 1st with an
admirable half-dozen hardy Ferns, all clean and well
grown. Coleus were a fine feature, large and well
grown plants, finely coloured ; Mr. Eckett. gr. to
Mrs. Harrison Wayne, South Workington, was 1st.

Four very fine specimen Fuchsias, not for compe-
tition, were shown by Mr. Bradshaw, Audley Wood.

Cut Flowers, — Of these Roses were a leading
feature ; the best twenty-four came from Mr. II. J.
Gibbs, Manor Farm. Salisbury ; the Rev. C. Eddy,
Bromley, being 2nd. The best twelve came from
Mr. W. Neville, gr. to F. W. Flight, Esq., Mitford ;
Mr. Thompson being 2nd. Jlr. Neville also had the
best six varieties, three blooms of each ; Mr. J,
Dauncey, gr. to J. B. Stone, Esq., Birchfield, being
2nd. "The premier Rose was a very fine bloom of
II. P. Thomas Mills.

Fruit. — The best six dishes came from Mr. Best,
gr. to C. W. Chute, Esq., The Vyne, who had Black
Hamburgh and Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, Peaches,
Nectarines, Apples, and Cherries. Mr. Kettlewell.
gr. to W, Harris, Esq., Steventon, had the best two
bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes ; Mr. Weaver
being 2nd. Mr. Bowerman, gr. to C. Hoare, Esq.,
Hackwood, had 1st prize for two bunches of Gros
Maroc or any other black ; Mr. Best being 2nd, with
Black Prince. Mr. Kettlewell was the only exhibitor
of two bunches of white Muscat, showing in good
form. Mr. Kneller took 1st prize for two bunches
of any other white, showing Buckland Sweetwater in
a highly finished state. Melon, Peaches, Nectarines,
dessert and culinary Apples. Pears, Plums and
Cherries were all well shown.

Vegetables. — Of these there was a fine display
throughout the show. In the class for twelve distinct
varieties there was a very keen competition, the best
coming from Mr. Bowerman ; Mr. R. Lye, gr. to W.
H. Kingsmill, Esq., Lydmonton, Newbury, being 2nd.
In the special class for nine distinct varieties of
Potatos, Mr. R. Lye was 1st with very good examples
of the Colonel, Prime Minister, The Dean, Beauty
of Hebron, Chancellor, Queen of the Valley, Wilt-
shire Snowflake, M.P., and Tupley. Messrs. Sutton
& Sons, Reading, and Messrs. Webb & Sons, Stour-
bridge, offered special prizes for six dishes of veget-
ables each, and there was an excellent competition
in both classes.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons sent from Reading a
remarkable collection of hardy cut flowers in great
variety, shown in handsome bunches of rare excel-
lence ; also some dwarf crimson Cockscombs, as
representing their own strain ; all of which were
very Highly Commended by the judges.

BASINGSTOKE HORTICULTURAL.

Aug. 1G. — This was an excellent exhibition, held
in the grounds of Eastlands, the residence of W.
Bryan, Esq. The weather proved showery, and rain
fell somewhat heavily just when the visitors would
be going to see the show.

Plants. — Mr. E. Miles, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, Bassett,
Southampton, was 1st in the class for six stove and
greenhouse plants, having as his leading subjects
Bignonia grandiflora, Statice Holfordi, Kalosanthes
coccinea, and Clerodendron Balfourianum. The best

SHROPSHIRE FLORAL AND HORTI-
CULTURAL.

Shrewsbuhy ; Aug. 17 and 18. — The show, taking
it altogether, was perhaps the best the Society
has had. The principal prize-winners in the plant
classes were Mr. James Cypher (who was in
capital form) ; Mr. James French, gr. to James
Marrott, Esq, Queen's Road, Shrewsbury ; and
Messrs. Pritchard & Sons, Shrewsbury, and Mr.
Lambart, gr., to Col. Winfleld, Onslow Hall, Shrews-
bury, were the principal exhibitors in the plant
classes — the last-named exhibitor was also in-
vincible in the vegetable classes, as also were Mr.
Goodacre. gr. to tlie Earl of Harrington, Elvaston
Castle ; and Mr-. W. Pratt, gr. to the Marquis of

258

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 27, 1887.

Bath, Longleat, in the fruit classes. The chief
prizes in the plant classes were £25. £20, and £15
respectively, for twenty stove and greenhouse plants.

Plants. — The veteran grower, Mr. Cypher, of Chel-
tenham, occupied his accustomed place of 1st, showing
fresh-looking, well grown, and flowered specimens
of Erica Irbvana, E. Marnockiana, E. ampuUacea
Barnesii, E. obhata pupurea, Allamanda Hendersoni,
A. grandiflora, Phwnocoma prolifera Barnesii, Cordy-
line indivisa, Croton Queen Victoria, C. Sunset
(highly coloured), C. Johannis, Kentia Fosteriana,
K. australis, Ixora Pilgrimi, I. Fraseri, Bougain-
villea glabra, Cycas revoluta, C.circinalis, and Clero-
dendronBalfourii. 2nd, Mr. French, whose best plants
were Ixora Frateri, Stephanotis floribunda, Statice
profusa, and some varieties of Crotons. Mr. Cypher
was also to the front for six exotic Ferns, showing a
fresh even lot, his best plants being Cibotiura prin-
ceps, Alsophila australis, and Thamnopteris nidus ;
2nd, Mr. Lambart, who showed a good fiesh lot of
plants. Messrs. Pritchard & Sons were 1st and 2nd
for six tuberous Begonia tuberosa, showing distinct
and well-fiowered plants. Messrs. Pritchard &
Son secured 1st place foT well gi-own and pro-
fusely flowered Fuchsias, these plants attracting
much attention from those interested in the cul-
ture of this favourite plant. Mr. Cypher was 1st for
feix flowering plants, showing admirably flowered
plants of Ixora araabilis, Clerodendron Balfourii,
Dipladenia amabilis, Statice profusa. Erica Thomsoni
and E. Shannoni ; 2nd. Mr, C. Roberts, gr. to W.
Nicholson, Esq., Highfield Hall, Staffordshire. In
the class for six Ferns (confined to gentlemen's gar-
deners in Salop and Montgomery), Mr. Lambart was
1st, showing a creditable half-dozen, his best plants
being Davallia Mooreana. Microlepis hirta cristata,
and Cyathea dealbata.

Groups. — These, as a rule, are well done at Shrews-
bury, and on the present occasion Messrs. Pritchard
&, Sons eclipsed any of the previous arrangements,
securing 1st and 2nd in two clever arrangements;
their 1st prize one was very effective, being of irre-
gular form and consisting for the most part of Catt-
leyas, Crotons, Palms, and Panicum variegatuTn,
set in a carpeting of Maidenhair Fern and Aspara-
gus plumosus, and edged with the dwarf Caladium
argyrites. Miscellaneous plants, not for competition,
were shown largely and well by Messrs. James Dick-
son & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester, who had a
good stand of Mrs. Reynolds Hole Carnation, which
has a colour between salmon and terra-cotta, and is of
good substance, and a free flowering border variety.
The groups of Coniferre in pots stood about in the
grounds by the above-mentioned firms were also
greatly admired.

Fruit.— The sum of £10, given as a 1st prize for
six bunches of black Grapes in three varieties, only
brought out five lots. Mr. Goodacre secured the
1st prize for good sized and well-coloured bunches of
Madresfield Court, Muscat Hamburgh, and Black
Hamburgh. 2nd, Mr. Pratt, who showed larger and
fairly well coloured bunches of Black Hamburgh,
Gros Maroc, and Black Alicante. 3rd, Mr. Dawes,
gr., Ledbury Court, who had Madresfield Court,
Alnwick Seedling, and Black Hamburgh. Mr. Pratt
was 1st, out of twelve lots staged, for three bunches
of Black Hamburgh, with large well coloured bunches ;
2nd, Mr. G. Barker ; and for a like number of
bunches of any other black variety than Hamburgh,
the Hon. C. H. Wynne was 1st with Alnwick Seed-
ling, fine in bunch, berry, and finish. In the class
for four bunches of white Grapes, in two varieties,
Mr. Pratt was 1st, with good bunches of Muscat of
Alexandria (wanting only a few weeks' more sun to
be perfect), and Foster's Seedling, good in bunch,
berry, and colour; Mr. Dawes being a good 2nd,
with the same varieties ; four lots were shown. Mr.
Pratt was again 1st for three bunches of Muscats ;
2nd, Mr. Bates, gr. to J. I. Harris. Esq., Hayestoone,
Stafl'ordshire ; nine bunches were staged. The Hon.
C. H. Wynne was 1st out of eight lots shown for a
like number of bunches of any other white than
Muscat of Alexandria, with small but well coloured
bunches of Duke of Buccleuch.

£10 offered for twelve sorts of fruit brought out
four good collections, and here Mr. Goodacre was
again victorious, showing a good all-round even lot
of "fruit, his back dishes consisting of good Muscat of
Alexandria, Foster's Seedling, Muscat Hamburgh,
and Black Hamburgh Grapps (two bunches of each),
and Smooth Cayenne Pine-apple; and the front
dishes wprc a good Lockinge Melon, highly coloured
Elruge Nectarines, Brown Turkey Figs. Moor Park
Apricots, GroBse Mignonne Peach. Black Tartarian
Cherries, and Transparent Green Gage Plum. Mr.
Pratt was a good 2nd. his best dishes being hi^

Brunswick Figs, Muscat of Ale.xandria Grapes, and
Peaches : Mr. Roberts, Gunnersbury. was 3rd. Mr.
Gillman, gr. to the Earl of Shrewsbury, Ingestrie
Hall, Staffordshire, also showed well in this class.

Mr. Lambart was 1st for a collection of nine
kinds of fruit (Pine excluded, and open to gardeners
residing in Salop and Montgomery only), showing
good Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria
Grapes, Peaches, and Nectarines ; 2nd, Mr. Sheppard,
Rhodes Hall, AVellington. About four green and
scarlet-flesh Melons were shown, Mr. Goodacre being
1st in the former class, with a good fruit of Lockinge
Hero; and Henry Owen, Esq., The Cedars, Shrews-
bury, was 1st in the scarlet class, with good fruit of
Blenheim Orange. Out of fourteen dishes of Peaches
and fifteen dishes of Nectarint-s Mr. Gillman was 1st
in both classes, showing very fine Victoria Nectarine
and Barrington Peaches; the Hon. C. H. Wynne
being 2nd in the former class, showing fine fruits of
Pine-apple.

Vegetables. — These were shown in great numbers
and excellent quality for the season. Messrs. Webb
& Sons, Wordslcy, Stourbridge, offered five prizes,
ranging in value from £5 to 10s., and in competition
for which eight good collections were staged, the 1st
being awarded to Mr. Lambart, who exhibited good
things, amongst them being Webb's Colossal Leek,
a very fine variety ; and Webb's Sensation Tomato,
also good. 2nd, Mr. Waite, gr. to Colonel Talbot,
Glenhurst, Esher ; 3rd, Mr. Crawford, Newark-on-
Trent. So close were the exhibits in point of
merit that the judges found difficulty in deter-
mining their relative positions. Mr. Lambart
was also 1st in the class for the Society's
prize for twelve kinds of vegetables, showing
similar produce to that staged in the previous class.
Mr. Milner, gr. to Rev. J. D. Corbet, Sundorne
Castle, being a good 2nd. Mr. Lambart was also 1st
for a collection of six varieties of Potatos, showing
good examples of Sutton's Seedling, Chiswick
Favourite, Vicar of Laleham, Miss Fowler, Chan-
cellor, and Prime Minister ; the same exhibitor was
1st for three dishes ; and Mr. Waite was a good
1st for a single dish. Mr. Goodacre was 1st for six
Tomatos — Hathaway 's Excelsior.

A new Tomato was shown by Mr. Goodacre, of
Elvaston Castle Gardens. It is a prolific fruiter, of
the shape of Vick's Criterion. A First-class Cer-
tificate was granted. H. W. Ward.

TAUNTON DEANE HORTICULTTTRAL.

August 11. — When such reno%vned exhibitors
as Messrs. Cypher, Lock, and Wills, are found com-
peting in the same classes a fine exhibition is certain
to result. In the open division in the class for
twelve stove and greenhouse plants in flower, Mr.
Lock, gr. to B. W. Cleave, Esq., Crediton, was 1st.
with a very fine lot, consisting of grand specimens of
Ixoras Fraseri, Williamsi, and Prince of Orange ;
Clerodendron Balfourianum, Eucharis araazonica,
AUamandas Hendersoni and nobilis, Bougain-
villea glabra, Ericas obbata, purpurea, ccerulea, coc-
cinea, superba, &c. ; 2nd, Mr. J. Cypher, nursery-
man, Cheltenham, with fine specimens of Ericas
Austiniana, Thompsoni, Shannoni, and aemula ;
Ixora Pilgrimi, I. Fraseri, Allamanda nobilis,
&c. Mr. Cypher had the best six plants, setting up
a very good lot, consisting of Stephanotis floribunda,
Ixora regina. Erica Irbyana, very fine ; Anthurium
Andreannm, Erica'Mamockiana, and Statice profusa.

In the amateurs' division Mr. Lock had the best
twelve. The best newly introduced plant was
Cattleya odorata marginata, from Mr. Cypher ; Mr.
Lucas coming 2nd with Amasonia punicea.

Orchids. — Mr. Cypher had the best four Orchids,
staging .nice specimens of Aerides quinquevulnerum,
Saccolabium Blumei, Cattleya Gaskelliana superba,
and C. crispa superba; 2nd. Mr. E. Wills.

Miscellaneous Flowering Plants. — These in-
cluded Japan Lilies, some very fine specimens
being shown by Mr. Thomas and Mr. Huxtable,
gr. to F. W, Newton, Esq., Taunton. Specimen
Lilium auratum formed also a good feature. Pelar-
goniums are admirably done at Taunton also. The
best eight zonal varieties came from Mr. H. Godding,
Taunton — good varieties for show purposes, well
grown and flowered. Tuberous rooted Begonias
were also a good feature, and here Mr. Godding was
1st with six admirable plants, the variptips being
Bronze Queen, A. Wagoner, Princess of Wales, Mrs.
Terry, and two others ; 2nd. Mr. C. R. Rodwell,
Taunton. Achimenes were a great feature, large
specimens of great size, grandly grown and flowered :
Messrs. Lucas and Thomas were 1st And 2nd ; tlip

plants of the former were fully 4 feet through ; the
varieties Dazzle, Margaretta, Mauve Queen, and
Ambrose Verschaffelt. Balsams, Petunias, and Cocks-
combs were all in good form.

Foliage Pla7its. — These were, as is usual, a very
fine feature at Taunton. Mr. Cypher beat Mr. Lock
in this class, having very fine examples of Cycas
circinalis, Kentia canterburyana, K. Fosteriana,
Cordyline indivisa, Crotons Queen Victoria, Jo-
hannis, and angustifolius, and Dasylirion acrotri-
chum : 2nd, Mr. Lock, with a very fine Latania
borbonica, Areca lutescens, Kentia Fosteriana,
Encephalartos viUosus ampliatus, Dasylirion acro-
trichum, and Crotons Warreni, Williamsi, and volu-
teus. Mr. Lock was 1st, with six plants in the
amateurs' division, having fine specimens of Thrinax
elegans, Alocasia raacrorhiza variegata, Kentia Bal-
moreana, Cocos plumosus, and Crotons Lord Derby
and Chelsoni.

Ferns were a good feature also. Mr. Lock had
the best eight specimens, having fine plants of
Gleichenia Mendelii, Microlepia hirta cristata,
Marattia Cooperi, Nephrolepis davallioides furcans,
Adiantum trapeziforme, Davallia polyantha, D.
Tyermanni, and D. fijiensis; 2nd, Mr. E. Wills, with
good medium-sized examples. Mr. Lock was the only
exhibitor of six Ferns, taking the 1st prize with highly
creditable specimens. Hardy Ferns were finely shown
by Messrs. Lock and Huxtable, and Selaginellas by
Messrs. Wills and Huxtable. Coleus were a fine
feature also. Mr. Thomas was 1st with six y^Tj
fine specimens of Sir Garnet Wolseley, Ada Sentence,
Harry Veitch, Edith Sentence, Mrs. Baxter, and a
seedling ; 2nd. W. B. Hellard, Esq.

Cut Flowers. — The leading class for Roses required
forty-eight varieties, one bloom of each, and here
Messrs. Geo. Cooling & Sons, nurserymen, Bath, were
1st, with a very nice fresh lot of flowers indeed,
having capital blooms of Bartholomew Jaubert,
Captain Christy, St. George, Paul Neron. E. Levet,
Marie Finger, Camille Bernardin, Duchess of Bedford,
La Bonle d'Or, Belle Lyonnais, Madame Bravy,
Richard Laxton. Star of Waltham, Marechal Niel,
Grandeur of Cheshunt, Baron Gonella, Etoile de
Lyon, Louis Rarabaud, &c. ; 2nd, Mr. G. Campbell,
gr. to S. B. Budd, Esq., Bath. Messrs. Cooling &
Sons also had the best twenty-four varieties, three
blooms of each.

Mr. J. Nation, West Monkton, had the best
twelve Dahlias, staging capital examples of Herbert
Turner, Pioneer, Mrs. Douglas, Mrs. Stanscrub, Mrs.
Glasscock, J. C. Reid. General Roberts, Goldfinder,
and others ; 2nd, Mr. Thomas Hobbs, Lower Easton,
Bristol. Mr. Nation was 1st also with twelve fancy
Dahlias, and with twelve single varieties also. Holly-
hocks were shown in collections of twenty-four and
twelve, but they were small, owing to the weather.
Asters, both German and French, were very good
for the season, and so were Verbenas.

Fruit. — Of this there was an extensive display.
Grapes especially being very good. In the class for
ten varieties Mr. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle
Gardens, Salisbury, was 1st. with Muscat of Alex-
andria and Madresfield Court Grapes, Smooth
Cayenne Pine, Dr. Hogg Peaches, Pine-apple Nec-
tarine. Moor Park Apricots, Figs, Plums, Cherries,
and Melons ; 2nd, Mr. Pratt, The Gardens, Longleat,
Warminster, with Muscat of Alexandria and Black
Hamburgh Grapes, Charlotte Rothschild Pine, Belle-
garde Peaches, Elruge Nectarines, &c.; 3rd, Mr. W.
Iggulden, The Gardens, Marston House, Frome. In
the class for four dishes Mr, W, Daffurn, Weston-
super-Mare, was 1st, with Madresfield Court Grapes,
Grosse Mignonne Peaches, Newington Nectarine, and
Melon ; 2nd, Mr. J. Lloyd, gr. to Vincent Stuckey,Esq.,
Langport. Mr. Pratt had the best Pine-apple, show-
ing a good Smooth Cayenne. Mr. Pratt was 1st with
three bunches of black Grapes, showing very fine
Hamburghs ; Jlr. Iggulden being 2nd, and Mr.
H. W. Ward 3rd. Mr. Pratt was 1st with three
bunches of white Muscats, of excellent character ;
Mr. J. Loosemore. gr. to W. Cooper, Esq., Clifton,
being 2nd. Mr. Ward had the best three bunches
of any other white, having good Buckland Sweet-
water; Mr. Lloyd being 2nd, with Foster's Seedling
Peaches and Nectarines were good ; Plums also —
Reine Claude de Bavay. white, and Magnum Bonum,
red, being the best. The best dessert Apples were
Beauty of Bath, in excellent condition, and Red
Astrachan. Culinary Apples were numerous, Lord
Suffield taking the lead. Currants. Gooseberries,
and Cherries were numerous .ind fine also.

Vegetables were a remarkable feature, proving there
is a good holding soil in this district, even during a
trying season. Mr. H. F. Manley had the best ten
dishes; Mr. H. Moore. Minphead. being 2nd. Mr,

August 27, 1887.]

THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

259

Banwell won Messrs. 'V\''ebb & Son's leading special
prize, with six dishes; Mr. H. Moore being 2nd.
There were several fine collections of Potatos in the
class for six dishes. Mr. H. Moore was 1st, with
capital dishes of Cosmopolitan, Keading Kusset,
Vicar of Lalehara, Chancellor, Prime Minister, and
Prizetaker ; 2nd, Mr. W. Greedy, with Cosmospolitan,
Reading Russet, Charles Oak, Sutton's Seedling,
Vicar of Laleham, and Prizetaker. Potatos in single
dishes, Cauliflower, Celery, Carrots, Peas, Tomatos,
&c., were all very fine.

DUNlttOilE EAST HORTICTTLTVHAL
SHOW.

Taking a general look through the whole show the
first thing that would strike the most casual observer
was the general excellence in the several sections.
This applied more particularly to vegetables, cut
flowers, and fruits grown out-of-doors.

Messrs. Saundei-s <^' Sofis, Friars' Walk Kurscri/,
Cork, Cut Flower Cotledion. — Every visitor seemed
surprised at the size, beauty, and freshness of the
large stands of forty-eight blooms of show and fancy
Dahlias, which included some of the newest and
latest novelties, in superb condition, just as large
and bright as if rain had been falling for their
special use any time desired for months, instead of
not having even a shower. There were also two large
stands of pompon Dahlias, so very useful for cutting
purposes, but Messrs. Saunders had also twenty-four
spikes of Gladiolus — gandavensis varieties.

Messrs. Power ij' Sons, seedsmeji, Waterford and
Newton Kurscrks. — This enterprising firm had adjoin-
ing also a special exhibit, not for competition, of
single and double Begonias (tuberous) blooms, and
also two dozen remarkably well-grown trusses of
single and double Pelargoniums, the whole very
creditable to this old-established firm.

The Marchioness of Waterford'' s Collection (not for
competition). — This was also a special feature of the
show, and occupied the whole centre of'one of the
principal marquees, reflecting great credit on the
Marquis's head gardener, Mr. Tucker ; and as the
exhibits were presented for the benefit of the show
fund, hurried reference could hardly sufficiently realise
the superior merits of the cut blooms, which included
Orchids and stove subjects, Lilium auratum, Bou-
gainvillea glabra sprays, Tea Roses, Stocks, Asters,
Zinnias, &c., with a fine collection of fruit, such as
Smooth Cayenne Pine-apples, black and white
Grapes, Currants in variety. Cucumbers, Melons, &c.
Before parting from the special exhibits and special
prizes this may be the proper place to note that
Messrs. Sutton, the eminent and extensive seed
growers, of the Royal Berkshire Seed Establishment,
Reading, ofi'ered three handsome prizes for the best
collection of vegetables.

We now come to the compet ng exhibits in the
several sections, and propose noting the most meri-
torious : — Mr. J. A. Calthorpe, for the President, the
Hon. Dudley Fortescue, was more than ordinarily
successful in the several sections, getting 1st
prize for well-grown specimens of exotic Perns,
including Adiantum Farleyense, Gymnogramma, and
Lomaiias; 1st prize for greenhouse plants with or-
namental foliage, such as Croton nobilis variegatus,
and highly coloured Dractenas. This Croton gained
him the 1st prize for the best plant in the show. Also
1st prize for somewhat similar stove and green-
house plants in the Miscellaneous Collection, and 1st
for a healthy specimen Tree Fern, Lomaria gibba :
while his Coleus and Caladiums, after close compe-
tition, still maintained the premier place for size.
Joseph Malcomson, Esq. (Mr. Noenan, gi\), was
a good competitor in the foregoing plant classes,
and coming 1st for tuberous Begonias and Fuchsias,
and 2nd for stove plants and Coleuses, very
well coloured. Lady Carew (Mr. O'Brien), AVoods-
town, got 1st for Lilium lancifolium, and 2nd for
good tuberous Begonias. The premier place for
single zonals and new Ivy-leaf Pelargoniums, after
close competition, went to W. King, Esq., Mount
Pleasant (Mr. N. Power). The judges in the zonal
classes strongly recommended the disuse of sticks,
standing porcupine-like all around the specimen
plants.

The next section was cut flowers, and this seemed
the only one somewhat behind former years ; but
this was readily accounted for by the extraordinary
dry season, especially Roses, Dahlias, and Pansies,
which on many former occasions were special features
here.

Fruit Section. — Mr. Calthorpe carried away 1st
prize for Black Hamburgh, Black Alicante (magni-

ficently coloured and grown), and White Muscat of
Alexandria. Mrs. Malcomson, from Ballinakill
House (Mr. Noonan), had as large and as fine
Peaches as the judges ever saw, but they unfortu-
nately got badly bruised in transit, and Mr. King
came thus 1st. The Melons, both scarlet and green-
fleshed, were highly creditable, Mr. Calthorpe having
a specimen of Carter's Blenheim Orange that
would have gained a prize at any show, while Mr. J.
Malcomson *s green-fleshed got similar honours. He
also had 1st prize for ilorello Cherries and green-
fleshed Gooseberries.

Vegetables here also are always a strong feature,
wnd even in such an unprecedentedly dry season as
this has been, there were in some classes as many as
six and seven competitors.

Reports are also to hand of the Devon and Exeter,
Worcestershire Horticultural Societies' and other
shows which are unavoidably held over till next week
on account of the pressure on our space.

The Weather.

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatdrb.

Above or
below the
Mean for
the week
ending
Aug. 22.

ACOUMUI^TEI}.

Districts.

Above 42" difference
from Mean since Jan,

4. 1887.
Below 42° difference
from Mean sinceJan.

4, 1887.

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day- Day-
deg. 1 deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

4 below

61

0

+ 164 + 37

1. Scotland, E. ...

3 below

74

0

+ I87I+ 41

3. England, N.E....

3 below

88

0

+ 133'+ 83

3. England, E. ...

5 below

100

0

- 7 + 168

4. Midland Cos. ...

5 below

96

0

+ 33

+ 166

5. England, S.

1 below

110

0

— 17

+ 151

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland. W. ...

4 below

77

0

+ 73+ 47

7. England. N.W....

5 below

92

0

+ 60 + 118

8. England, S.W....

3 below

109

0

+ 78 + 172

9. Ireland, .N . ...

3 below

91

0

+ 2271+ 23

10. laELAND, S.

3 below

101

0

+ 253 + 97

— Channel IsLAifDS

1 below

132

0

+ 58+ 77

Kainfall.

Bbiqht

SjrasmsE.

Districts.

9.

■^ 0

■as

•SB S

5ii

fell

ill
s. ■§

Principal Wheat^pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

2 less

140

23.9

17

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

1 less

103

12.5

21

34

2. England, N.E. ...

0 (aver.)

90

8.4

25

34

3. England, E. ...

1 more

S3

9.6

33

43

4. Midland Cos. ...

1 less

79

10.0

35

38

5. England, S.

3 more

77

9.9

38

43

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. SoOTLAJfD, W. ...

5 less

107

20.6

32

37

7. England, N.W....

3 less

SI

12.3

34

39

8. England, S.W....

5 less

82

11.3

64

49

9. Ireland, N.

3 less

106

16.7

33

3d

LO. Ireland, S.

2 less

88

14.1

36

42

— Channel Islands

1 less

91

10.0

65

64

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Aug. 22, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The toeathcr was in a dull, cold and unsettled
condition during the earlier part of the period, with
very violent thunderstorms in many parts of England,
and storms of less severity over Ireland and Scotland
also. Towards the end of the week, however, the
weather became fine and dry again in all parts of
the kingdom.

" The temperature has been below the mean very
generally, the deficit ranging from 1° in the
' Channel Islands ' to between 3° and 5° in all the
other districts. The highest of the maxima, which
were recorded at most stations on the 22nd, ranged
from 63° in ' Scotland, N.,' and 67° in ' Scotland, W.,'
to 76° in ' England, E.,' and the ' Midland
Counties.' The absolute minima, which were
registered on somewhat irregular dates, were again
low for the season, ranging from 34° to 39° in Scot-
land, from 36° to 38^ in Ireland, and from 35° to
40° over England. In the ' Channel Islands' the
lowest reading was 50°.

"The rainfall has been more than the mean in the
east and south of England, and equal to it in
'England, N.E..' but in all other parts of the king-
dom it has been less than the mean.

" Br-ujht sunshine shows a decrease in nearly all
districts, the percentage of the possible amount of
duration ranging from 17 to 32 in Ireland, from 25
to 65 over the Channel Islands, and from 33 to 36
in Ireland."

MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING SEPT. 3. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Aug.28 ...

... 60°.7

Sept. 1 ...

.. 600.0

„ 29 ...

... 60''.5

„ 2 ...

.. 69°.8

„ 30 ...

... 60°.4

„ 3 ...

.. .W.S

„ 31 ...

... 60''.2

Mean for the

week

. eo^.a

Enquiries.

" He that questionetk miick shall learn mtich." — Bacon.

Roses Under Glass. — I have just room to plant
two Roses under glass to train on a trellis for cut
blooms for market. Will one of your practical cor-
respondents name two of the very best ? They must
be free growers, and nice in the bud, equal to
Marechal Niel, but of a different colour. I grow the
following kinds, therefore do not want any more of
them: — Marechal Niel, Climbing Devoniensis, Som-
breuil, Isabella Sprunt, and Niphetos. Should like
different colours to what I already have. Market
Grower.

Notices to Correspondents.

\* Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending
early intelligence of local events likely to be of
interest to our readers, or which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photo-
graphs of gardens, or of remarkable plants, trees,
&c., are also solicited.

Intelligent Readees, do please Note that letters
relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of
the Paper, should be addressed to the Purlisher,
and that all communications intended for publica-
tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming,
should be addressed to the Editor. Such com-
munications should be written on one side only
of the pafer, and sent as early in the week as pos-
sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should
be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the
Editor to see.

AiLANTUs : A, H. This tree is producing fruit in
many places this year, but as the male flowers are
in general not produced the seeds do not ripen.

American Blackberries. — Two of our correspondents
send samples of the fruit of the variety Wilson,
Junior. It is evidently very productive, and likely
to be useful for market purposes, as we are assured
that the fruits have fetched at Leicester 6f?. the
half-pound punnet.

Bplb Mites : Sithscriber. Your Roman Hyacinths
are swanning with mites.

260

THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[August 27, 1887.

BuENT Leaves : W. J. I. The ochre in the water
would not produce any Buch effect. The leaves
appear to us to have been burnt by the sun when
they are wet.

Fuchsia : F. It looks like an early cross with Ric-
cartoni, and now discarded as not hardy.

Gooseberries : South Hants. The fruits were in
bad condition wlien we were able to attend to
them. Your better plan will be to send them to
some nurseryman wlio grows a large selection.

Insects ; G. F. The insect which has proved so
destructive in your Cattleya-house is a grass-
hopper imported from South America, occasion-
ally found here in green and hothouses (Copio-
phora cornuta, Ga7-dencrs* Chronicle, 188i, Aug. 16).
Your insect resembles the first of the two figures
here referred to, being an immature female, the
larger figure representing a full-grown female.
/. 0. W. — W. M. The insects sent, found on a
young Oak, are the immature caterpillars of one
of the moths of the family Geometridie, or loopers,
which have been killed by Ichneumon parasites,
which have burst out of their bodies and spun
their white cocoons, which remained attached
thereto. I. 0. W.—J. B. The nest of a leaf-cutter
bee, of which there are several. — T. B. J. A saw-
fly, but not the Pear sawfly. — G. Barham. Sirex
gigas. See Gardcn^'rs' Chronicle, August 13, for
fLgme.— North Shields. The Pear leaves are eaten
by the grub of the Pear Sawfly. The hairy cater-
pillar is one of the common ones, the name of
which we do not remember at the moment.

Melons: J. H. S. Your Melon is a large one. but
we have a record of one weighing 32 11>. < )f
course the relative weight depends on the sort of
Melon.

Names of Fedit : W. McK. We have not been
able to identify your specimen.

Names of Plants: // tf" C. Genista anglica. —
T. H. W. Ituscus hypoglossum, similar to tlie
Alexandrian Laurel. — P. W. Send better speci-
men, properly packed. — T. ^ P. Eupliorbia
lathyris — a weed, but a handsome one. It is said
that the young seed-vessels have been used as
Capers, hence the name Caper Spurge ; but as the
plant is poisonous, we do not advise you to try,
except on the limited liability plan. — H. S. Phy-
tolacca decandra. — 0. P. J). 1, Adiantum con-
cinnumlutum ; 2, Asclepias curassaoica; 3, Fuchsia
fulgens ; 4, Croton variegatus. — JV. W. A good
variety of Oncidium Lanceanum. — McP. Poly-
gonum amplexicaule, and Veronica parviflora.

Palms : C. U. The judges were quite right, unless
there was something in the schedule to allow of
its being exhibited as a Palm. A Cycad is not a
Palm.

Pelargonium : T. A. H. Not remarkable.

Potato: Camjce. Without seeing an unboiled spe-
cimen we cannot answer your question. We pre-
sume it is a stage of the Potato disease.

Soda as Manure : A. F. G. Of no use.

Te-\sels and CEnothera : J. C. The seeds of the
Teasel were probably brought in with manure or
soil. We utterly disbelieve that the one has
turned into the other, as yon suppose.

Tomatos Diseased: IF. The disease in Tomatos
has been brought about by injuries to and per-
foration of the membrane. A very common
fungus of fruit, viz., Penicillium crustaceum, has
gained and attacked the interior from these fissures.
The interior of the Tomatos is infested with
spawn, and the Penicillium is fruiting round the
old cracks and openings. Many fungi, as the one
mentioned above, are powerless to injure fruit,
unless it has been previously bruised, cracked, or,
perhaps slightly bitten by an insect ; the fungus
then grows on and in the wound, and speedily
brings about entire putrefaction of the fruit,
>r. G. S.

Tomatos : Several correspondents send us specimens
of Tomato fruits in various stages of ripening, but
all having a circular jmtchof dead tissue at the top
of the fruit. At first we considered this to have
been the result of bruising or of scalding, but the
numerous cases sent us ])reclude such a supposi-
tion. We find no evidence of the special Tomato
fungus. See answer to " W."

Tbagopooon : F. H. W. We should expect eccen-
tricities from your locality. The diagnosis is pro-
lification of the inflorescence and virescence of the

flower. Such changes are not uncommon in this
plant.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

G. & W. H. BuRCH, Fadholme Road Nursery, Peter-
borough— Roses.

Damman & Co., San Giovanni a Teducio, Naples — ■
Seeds of Novelties in Vegetables and Flowers.

Hogg & Wood, Coldstream and Dunse, N.B. — Bulb-
ous Roots.

Kent & Brydon, Darlington — Flowering Bulbs, &c.

W. B. Hartland, 24, Patrick Street, Cork, Ireland
— Original Little Book of Daffodils, &c.

Viccars Collyer & Co., Glenfield, Leicester —
Autumn Catalogue.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Communications Received.— a. M'L.— H. v.— L.— A. McK.
— T. L.— E. B.— Jfcjor Hallett.— V. C. & Co.— T. A., Rath-
drum.— \V. J. H.— J. H. H., Trinidad.—.!. Q., Deraerara.—
W. T. T. D.— W. W.—J. R.. Paris. -C. N.— K.. Berlfn.— F.
& M., Melbourne.— C. H. W.— T. J.— W. & S.— O. & M.—
E. C— R. S.— W, E.— G. H. R.— R. O.— A. Scot (send your
address).— D. C. P.— F. M. (thanks).- R. P.— F. S. & Co.—
B. S. W.— E. Bonavia.— H. W.

DIED, on the 4th ult., at Setley, Brockenhurst,
Hants, aged seventy-six, Mr. Wm. Perkins, many
years Gardener to John Morant, Esq., of Brocken-
hurst Park. Greatly respected.

ARKET8.

COVENT GARDEN, Aurjiist 23.

[We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly
every Thursday, by the kindness of scvenil of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, nn I ivlm ir- r. imnsible tor Ihe
quotations. It must be reni'in' ■• I" ii t '■ ^r quotations
repn-sent averages for the w<. :, ;. . iii. date of our

report. The prices depend ujimi i,,. ..i, ., i . >i[ ihe samples,
the supply in the market, iuul tli.\ llu. tuate, not only
from day to day, but often several time., in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken aa indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Trade very quiet, and prices lower. James Wehher,
Wholesale Apple Market,

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s.d.s.d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-18 0
Asters, per dozen ... 4 0- 6 0
Balsams, per dozen... 3 0-60
Calceolaria, dozen ... 4 0- 9 0
Cyperus, per dozen . 4 0-12 0
Dracaena tenninalis,

per dozen 30 0-60 0

— viridis, per doz. 9 0-24 0
Euonymus. in var.,

per dozen 6 0-18 0

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6 0-24 0

Ferns, in variety, per

dozen 4 0-18 0

Ficus elastica. each .16-70
Foliage plants,

ous.

. 2 0-10 0

Fnchsiiis, doz. ... 3 0- 9 0
Heliotrope, dozen ... 4 0- 8 0
Hydrfingeas, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
Lilium longiflorum,

per dozen 18 0-24 0

lancifolium, per

9 0-18 0

3 0-40

4 0-60
2 0-40
6 0-12 0

each 2 6-21 0
dozen 6 0-12 0

— scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

— Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40
Rhodanthe, dozen ... 6 0- 9 0
Scented Verbeua.doz. 4 0-60

Lobelias, dozen
Mignonette, doz. .
Musk, per dozen
Myrtles, per dozen

Cut Flowers.- Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons. 12 bun ... 2 0- 4 0
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3 0-50
Asters. 12 bunches... 3 0-40

— French, per bun. 10-20
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6-10
Carnations, 12 blms. 0 6-10

— dozen bunches... 3 0-60
Cornflower, 12 bun. 10-20
Eucharis, per dozen 3 0-60
Gardenias. 12 blooms 3 0-60
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6-10
Jasmine, white, bun. 0 6-09
Lili>

12 blooms .

... 3 0-60
u,12bl. 16-20
Lavender. 12 bun. ... 4 0-50
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-60

Vegetables— Average Retail Prices.

Mignonette, 12 bun. 1 0- ;
Myosotis, 12 bun. ...2 0-:
Pelargoniums, 12spr. 0 6- 1

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 4- (
Pinks, coloured and

white, 12 bun. ... 2 0- <
Primulas, double, 12

spravs 0 9-1

Pyrethrnm, 12 bun... 2 0- (
Roses. Tea, per doz. 0 6- 1

— coloured, dozen. 0 6- 1

— red.perdozen ...06-]

— Saffrauo, dozen... 0 6- (
Stcphanotis, 12 spr. 2 0- '.
TropiEolnms, 12 bun. 1 0- ;
Tuberoses, 12 bUns.... 0 6- :

■..d.

Artichokes, p. doz.
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 1 t)- 2 0
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle... 16-20
Cucumbers, each ...0 6-10
Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch
Lettuce, per dozen
Lettuce, Cos., each

>nious, l)er bushel
'arsley, per bunch

Putjitos, per cwt.

kidney. percwt. 4 0-

Shallot.s, per lb. ... 0 3-

Spinach, per bushel... 5 0-

Sprue, bundle ... 1 0-

Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9-

Turnips. new. bunch 0 8-

Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2-

POTATOS. — Jerseys about finished. Kent?, 2s. 6rf. to is.

bushel; Cherbourgs. 4s. to 6s. ; Roses, hs. to 6s. ; Beaut

6s. to 7s. per cwt. Markets heavy.

,03-.

0 3-.

0 4- .
4 0- .

0 6- .

1 6- .
4 0- !

Apples, i-sieve ... 13-36
Plums, J-sieve ... 3 0-40
Grapes, per lb. ... 0 9- 1 6
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 6- 1 0
Kent Filberts, 100 lb..35 0-40 0

Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons, each ... 10-20

Peaches, dozen ... 1 0- 6 0
Pine-apples,Eng.,lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60

SEEDS.

London: Aui/ust 24. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London E.G.,
write, that sowing operations would be gi'catly
stimulated by m( re rain. Trifolium incarnatum,
both early and late varieties, continues in strong
demand : higher prices are now asked, as supplies
are running short. The trade for white Mustard and
Rape seed is active. Winter Tares sell freely, and
Rye also has a brisk demand at firmer rates. Italian
Rye-grass, both home-grown and foreign, is in special
favour this season. There is rather more doing in
Canary seed. Hemp remains without change.
Linseed quiet. More attention is devoted to blue
briling Peas.

CORN.

Averages. — Ofiicial statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended August 20 :— Wheat, 32s. ; Barley, 23*. lid.;
Oats, 165. 4f/. For the corresponding week in 1886 :
—Wheat, 32s. 7d. ; Barley, 22s. id. ; Oats, 21s. id.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

CoLUMHiA (East London) : Aufftist 26. — Good
supply of all kinds of fruit and vegetables, with a fairly
good demand at moderate prices. Potato trade fairly
active. Quotations: — Fruit; Plums, Is. Gd. to 3s.
per half-sieve ; Green Gages, 2s. to 3s. Gd. do. ;
Apples, Is. Gd. to 3s. Gd. per bushel; extra large
ditto, 3s. Gd. to 6s. do. ; Pears, 2s. to 65. do. ;
Tomatos, 2s. to 4s. per dozen pounds ; Cabbages,
3s. to 7s. per tally; French Beans, 5s. to 6s. per
bushel ; Scarlet Beans, 5s. Gd. to 6s. do. ; Broad
Beans, Is. 3d. to 2s. do. ; frame Cucumbers, 3s. to
5s. per dozen ; field ditto, Gd. to 9i?. do. ; Vegetable
Marrows, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Onions, 2s. to 3s. Gd. per
dozen bunches ; Turnips, 4s. to 8s. do. ; Carrots,
3s. Gd. to 4s. 6(/. do. ; Mint, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do ; Parsley,
2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Lettuces, Gd. to Is. per score.

Stratford : August 23. — A brisk trade has been
done at the undermentioned quotations : — Cabbages,
4s. Gd. to 6s. Gd. per tally ; Greens, 3s, to 3s. Gd. per
dozen ; Turnips, 3s. to 3s. Gd. per dozen bunches ;
Carrots, household, 3s. to 3s. Gd. do. ; Mangels (new),
30s. to 32s. Gd. per ton ; English Onions, 25. to
2s. 6f^. per bushel ; Dutch, 45. per bag ; Apples,
2s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. per bushel ; Pears, 35. to 7s. do. ;
Green Gages, Is. 9rf. to 2s. Gd.. round basket; do.
3s. 3d. to 4s. per flat ; Plums, English, 3s. to 6s. Gd.
per half-sieve.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : August 23. —The
breaking-up of the drought has rather depressed the
market, and quotations are easier, though the sup-
plies have not been heavy. Reports indicate favour-
ably of the late tubers. Quotations :— Essex Regents,
lOOs. to 1405.; Roses, 100s. to 130s. ; Hebrons, 110s.
to 150s. per ton.

Columbia (East London) : August 24. — Quotations:
Early Rose, 55. Gd. to 6s. ; Beauty of Hebron, 5s. Gd.
to 6s. Gd. ; Magnum Bonums, 5s. Gd. to 6s. Gd. ; Re-
gents, 6s. to 7s. ; Myatt's kidneys, 5s. to 5s. 6d.
per cwt.

Stratford : August 23. — Quotations : — Early
Rose, 110s. to 126s. ; Beauty of Hebron, I20s. to
I40s. ; Regents, 90s. to lIOs ; Magnums, 80s. to
llOs. per ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 486 boxes from Malta, and 6,^0 jiackages
from Bordeaux.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 90s. to
I02s. Gd. : inferior, 65s. to 84s. ; hay, prime, 70s.
to 95s. ; inferior, 50s. to 65s. ; and straw, 28s. to 42s.
per load.

August? 27, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

261

PEAT — PEAT — PEAT. —
Very superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
adilres3, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Masc il Estate. BTorth Cray, Kent.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs, Aphis, Lice. Red Spider. Thrip, Mealy

Bug, Caterpillars, do., &c.
DCDrcrTI V 1 t*^ the Hands and Skin, but Trill cure
rcnrcuiLl Kiu<,„onn in Animals, and all Disoasea
HARMLESS ) produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A combinatiim of Ilvdiocnrbon Oils, made soluble in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or
on the Foliaf^e.

Sold by Seedsmen and fTifmists. Is.Gd, ?s.ed. & ls.6d;

;d, 1 (

r.d, or less m \i.

NSECTICIDE,
nt Post free

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL
Its application to Plants and Animals. ■
on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale: Hoopek i- Co. , OiRnT. Soper. FowLEn & Co.;
C. E. OsM.\y & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. NEW
YORK— HoLKEB & Sons.

HUGHES' Fir TREE Oil

SPRAY PUMP

T/iroics a fine
,^prai/ 20 ft., and
a Jet 30 ft., zcith
great force.

A splendid
substitute for the
Si/rinffefor using
Insecticide, Price
'2,js. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45.s.
Carriag'e Paid.

HUGHES'

W^APHICIDE

Glass Houses. HI vJ Wl 11 1 0

GREEN& CREAM COLOR SHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applied — Lasts all the
Summer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., post 1/3.
For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas,
&c.. and for Cut tlowers.

HUGHES'
FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon t*-- Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantly. Sold in buttles. Is. & 25. I'er post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding- after Pruning'.
Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

■wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2,'6. Per post, 3d. extra.
For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, UIIOUCC
Crickets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nUwllLw

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses,— for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price, 6d., Is. & 2/6. Per post 3d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, ^EiiS^'^

VOTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

w

ASPS.— DAVIS'S AVASP DESTROYER

11 rid any place of these pests instantaneously.
:als._l5._6rf. and 2.^. 6d. per bottle: post-free, Is. 9rf.

and 2s. lOd.—H. K. DAVLS. Ye

WASP DESTROYER (Scott's), the original
preparation.with a world-wide reputation. Manufactured
only by J, SCOTT. Royal Seed Stores, Yeovil. Price free 1/9 & 2/9.

WASPS

Ask your Chem
for the INSTAM
ANEOUS DEAI'll
TO WASPS, s.l,
Wholesale by HA K
CLAY ANU SO.N
Farringdon Street
London, E.C. Pric.
'2s. Gd, and 35. 6</.

"WASPS I

mouth of the hole,
and the Wasps will
commence to

DIE
IMjrEDIATELY'.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two I'KIZE .Medals.
Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, be.st brown tibrous ... ,Ss. per sack ; 6 sacks for 22s. Gd.

PEAT, best black hbrous ... 4s. tit/. „ 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s, 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 25s.

LOiVM. best yellow fibrous ... "i

PREPARED COMPOST, best

LEAF MOULD, best only

PEAT MOULD, „ J

SILVER SAND, cOiirse, Is. 6d. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton,

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... 8d: lb., 28 lb. ISs.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) M. lb., 28 lb. 18j.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest JUUtrack ' ■ - -

CHUBB'S " PERFECT "FER-
TILISER, the Best Food
all kinds of Plants, Flow
Fruits, Vegetabli

CRUSHED BONES, best quality

VIRGIN CORK, best quality only

nest AU

ER-I

iforf

71b. 141b. 281b. 561b. i cwt.
1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/-
1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-
— 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-
HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6d. per bushel.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 175. ;
30 sacks, 255. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Ttrmn, strictly Ca^ih with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON. E.

THE ACME

Safe and Sure,

WEED-KILLER, for destroying Weeds on Carriage Drives,
Garden Walks. Stable Yards, &c. Prices :— Per gallon, 2s.,
tins included ; 5 gallons. Is. 6rf. per gallon ; 10 gallons. Is. id.
per gallon. One gallon makes 26 gallons.

WORM-KILLER, for eradicating worms from Tennis
Courts, Lawns, and Plairts in Puts, Prices :— In bottles.
Is. 3d. and 2s. 6d ; per gallen, 6s.

THE '* INVICTA " INSECTICIDE.

For destroying insects and parasites, such as mealy-bug.
scale, thrips, red spider, Amoricau blight, &c. In tins, Is. 'Sd.
and 2s. Gd. ; per gallon, 9s.

The *' INVICTA" MILDEW DESTROYER

Soh Proprietors and Mnnvfacturers,

THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY,

TONBRIDGE, KENT.

Sold by Seedsmen and Florists.

Note.— There is no branch of our business at Glasgow or

elsewhere, and we are not connected with any company of a

similar name.

JENSEN'S

Every grain fertilizes because the Gaano is perfectly
pure. It is most economical, one part of Manure to

100 parts of soil being ample for garden use.
Write for Pamphlet, Testimonials and Instructions.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voeloker'a analysis guaranteed. FISH-POTASH
contains Ammonia, Phosphates and Potash in large
proportionB, which are the principal elements of
fertilization.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins, Is. ; in Bags. 71bs., 2s. ; 14Ibs.,

4s.; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d.; 56 lbs., 10s. 6d.: 1 cwt.,

18s.; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid. Special

terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED,
10, St. Helen's Place, London, E.G.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 76a, Queen Victoria
Street, E.C, near Mansion House Station. DepOt; SwanPlace,
Old Kent Road. London. S.E.
Telegrams — " Floriculture. London." Established 1854.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the

gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16

and Orchard-house Trees ; and i

American Blight. Has outlived many preparati

ntended to
supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s.. and lOi. 6d."

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). Loudon.

r^ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticlis, LabeU,

KX Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,

Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of

WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street. London, E,C.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONiVOSKS, STOURBRIDGE,

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot- water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 3d. each;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long, 4!. 6d. each.

Full Illustrated Revised Price List on applicatt^m.

W. H. LASCELLES 8l CO.,

HORTICl LTl RAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, E.C.

W H LASCELLFS and CO will give Est mates for every
descr ption of HORTICl LTl RAL WORK free of charge, and
send competent as*, tints when necessary

LASCELLES NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunhill Row, London. E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabsfor Walls, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application. ^_^

Roalier's Garden Edging Tiles.

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

n materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
KITCHEN GARDENS, as
they harbour no Slugs or
Insects, take up little i
and once put down inci
further labour or expense

do "grow

quently being much cheaper,

GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E. ,„ ..

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLjLNT covers, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories. Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders. Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, See.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

QILVER SAND,

)0 fine or coarse grain aa desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Femenea.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO. — Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Whairea.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

262

THE GABDENERS' CUB ONI CLE.

'[AnocsT 27, 1887.

BECKETT BROS.,

Horticultural Engineers, Cielmsford.

Apply for our

Special LIST of Cheap and Substantial Buildiiiys,
POST-FREE.

STEVEN BROS & CO
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

4-. UPPER THAMES S^ LONDON. EC.

"■'"nw,

HENRY HOPE,

EflJHHrt^B Horticultuml Builder

Hot-water Engineer,

65, Lionel St., Blnulngliain,

Plans anil Estimates on

application.

Experienced Workmen sent to any part of the Kingdom.

THE BEST RE.MEOi- l-O.-J IN JIGESTIO.N.

CAIVaOMILE PILLS.

njUently r

nple but certai.

nedv for

^:HNDIGESTION^::^

See Testimonial, selected from liundrcde :—

CROYDON, 18S5.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, I am happy to
say tliat I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
"7. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials^ see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. ijrf., 2s. gd. and lis.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accidents. Employer's Liability, insured against by the

OAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE

X\j COMPANY. 64, CornhiH, London. Income, £246.000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350.000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
eettlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. ; Head
Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.
WILLIAM J. VTAN. Secretary.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

(PUBLISHKHS OF MaY's PllKSS GUIDE,)

ADVERTISING AGENTS,

169, PICCADILLY.
London. W.,
RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all LondoD, Provincial.
Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publicationa, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre-
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
Othera on approval of references.
Special advantages to Large Advertisers.

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.
■p HALLIDAY and CU. desire to

XV • draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutea by any one.
ed to any station in England

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 Tj„,viT,B ( 3 10 0

3-lightframe. 12feetby6feetVc^^f?.|^^ 5 5 0

6-lightframe, 24feetby6feet\^^^^ ^"^^ ( 10 0 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for

brick pita at proportionately low prices.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers.

KOYAL HOETICULTURAL WORKS, JUDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SEELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

BOULTON & PAUL'S
PLANT FRAMES

Are always in stock, ready to be sent off on receipt of order.
They are made of best sound red deal, sawn from tlie best trees
in the forest to our own requirements, and seasoned in a. proper
manner. The FKAMES are of l^inch boards, 13 inches high
at front, 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge,
bolted at the comers, easily taken to pieces if required. The
LIGHTS are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged
to turn over, back and front, for ventilating ; the whole painted
four coats. The glass is ENGLISH 21-oz. weight. PACKED
and sent CAIIRIAGE PAID to any station in England and
Wales, also to Dublin, Belfast, Londonderry, Cork, Glasgow,
and stations equivalent.

allowed in full when returned.

No 74 —Plant Frame v i

CASH PRICES,

iNX-LLrpiXG USE OF PACKING CASES.

Length. Width. Price.

... 8 feet by 6 feet ... £4 12 6

... 12 feet by 6 feet ... 6 5 0

lefeetby 6feet ... 8 0 0

20 feet by 6 feet ... 9 15 0

Smaller Frames are made. See LISTS, post-free.

'■LIGHT FRAME

CATAXOGXTES

of Greenhouses, Heating Apparatus, Garden Frames in every
variety. Garden Implements, Water Carts, Pumps, and every-
thing required for Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, post-free on
application.

ESTIMATES for Greenhouses free on receipt of particulars.

L-ADIES and GENTLEMEN waited upon by appointment
in any part of the Kingdom.

NORWICH.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

Packages and packing free, and dchvcr,;l to any Ijjndon .Station,

100 BCLuares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 ai. 21 oz.
13J by 8J for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 ,, 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6,
12 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/S or 250 squares ^ by 6J, or 220
14 „ 10 ,, 13/- „ 19/- squares, 9J by 6A, or 170 squares,
14 ,, 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7J, or 150 squares. 10 by 8,
12 „ 12 „ 13/- „ 20/- for lOs. Carriage paid for all orders
18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- over £3.
20 „ 13 ., 24/- „ 35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready miied for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd, per pound. Special quotations
given for large ([uantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOI'SE,

14, Moor Lane. Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS of all descriptions. RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MARENDAZ aku FISHER, 9 and
10, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Price 6d., free by post 7d. Obtainable of all Boohsellere,

WATER FUR NOTHING. Every House its
own Water Supply. By SHIRLEY HiBBEKn.
" An endless fountain of immort;il drink.
Pouring unto us from the heavens" brink."— Keats.
London : E. W. ALLE.N. 4, Ave Maria Lane. E.C.

CoTent Garden Market, W.C.

PARTNER \\'.VNT1']D. ^^'hole attention
required. Mu-t be adapted to tlie bu-^ine.^i, and be
eniTgetic— G. B., Gardeners' CkronicU Olfice, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

ANTED, a HEAD WORKING

GARDENER, in Gloucestershire, with Wife, who will
do the Laundry Work of a Country House. — Apply by letter to
K106, Messrs. Dawson & Sons, 121,' Cannon Street, London, E.C.

ANTED, a NUHSEKY FOREMAN, Out-

door. Thoroughly practical. Good character.^
Apply, statin^j age, with copies of testimonials, salary, &c., to
JOHN PERKINS ASD SON, Billing Road Nurseries, North-
ampton^

ANTED, a PROPAGATOR of Camellias,

Hardy Rliododendrons, Conifers, Azaleas, &c, ; must be
need in Cucumbers and Tomatos, and General Nursery
-State age, and wages, to RIDER BROS.. Moortown,

w

Work,
Leeds.

WANTED, a Man of good business habits to
MANAGE aCut Flower and Fruit Shop in Manchester.
Experience in Wreaths. Bouquets, &c. Energetic and a good
Manager of Assistants. A comfortable and progressive situa-
tion.—State wage and references to WM. CUBKAN AND SON,
Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

ANTED, AT ONCE, aJLFNIOR COUNTER

HAND. Wages 21s. per week. — Apply, stating ex-
perience and givingreference. BARR and SON, 12, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C.

WANTED, good BOUQUET and WREATH
HAND. Wages 26s. per week.— J. R. PEARSON
AND SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

WANTED, for a Leading Shop, in one of the
Largest Provincial Cities, a skillul BOUQUETIST.
Experienced, energetic, and a good Manager of Assistants. A
good salary and comfortable situation for a really capable
person. — A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, London. W.C.

Vs

/"ANTED, a LAD, to Assist in Stable and

Niir,irv. — WILLIA.M HOLMES, Frampton Park
. Hacki;.-y. London. E.

GARDENING APPOINTMENT.

Mb. D. J. Smith, late of Plassy House, h.asbeen
appointed Head Gardener to C. Bamfoed, Esq.,
Broolihurst, Broomboroiigh, Cheshire.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.~To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — /t is very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable at No. 42. DRLltV LANE,
to W. RJCHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it kas been made payable at a particular office, and
to a partictdar person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into uhose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B.— The best and safest means of RemiUing is by POST-

OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addressed " Paste Re.'ittutte" to initials or to fctitioiis
Tiames are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the
writers.
NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— Jn 7nany instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anythitig beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender; this
tn all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at alL

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

TC HARD SMITH and U U.

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
appliGitions from Gardeners, seeking situations, ami that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
fcc— St. John's Nu

Gardeners, Under Gardeners. Bailiffs, &c.

WM. CUXBUSH AND SON have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whose characters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
can recommend as to abilities, &c. — Ladies and Gentlemen re-
quiring eitherof the above can be suited with reliable, first-class
men by applying to Wm.Cutbush & Son, Highgate Nurseries, N.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAINU AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every conti-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate EstablishmenlB
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND SONS. The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.H. ^^

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents

STEWARDS, B.YILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom. W.C.

AuocsT 27, 1887.]

THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

263

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also anotller MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

ARDENER(HEAD),orORCHiDGROWER.

—Age 39. married, youngest child age 10; tlioroiiglily
practicil. Good experience. Well recommeuded.— HEAD
GAKDENER. Forest View. Chigwell Row, Essex.

ARDENER (Head); age 31, married.— A

Lady will recommend the Advertiser to any one re-
quiring a trustworthy working-man.— W., 18, Hillside Grove,
Chose Road. Soutliga'te, N.

ARDENER (Head).— Capt. Felly, R.N.,
wishes to recommend a thoroughly trustworthy man as
Head Gardener. Many years experience in all branches. —
Capt. PELLY, R.N., Forest Rise, Walthamstow. Essex.

ARDENER (Head). — John Debricutt,

for the last twelve years Head Gardener to the late
Sir Hy. Edwards. Pye Nest, Halifax, desires a permanent re-
engagement. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Excellent
testimonials. Reference allowed to Lady EDWARDS.

ARDENER (Head); age 35, married.—

A Gentleman wishes to recommend his late Head

Gardener. A thorough trustworthy man. Four years with

him. Left through breaking up of establishment. — D. J.,

Park Cottage, Standen Road, Southfields, Wandsworth, S.W.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 27, married when
suited. — W. Johnstone, Uayham Abbey Gardens,
Lamberhurst, Kent, can highly recommend his Foreman to any
Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical Gardener. Wages
expected, about £65, with house, &c.

AiiDENER (Head).— Married, no family;

thoroughly experienced in all branches of the pro-
fession. Land and Stock, if required. Can be highly recom-
mended from present employer. — T. W., The Gardens, Avenue
House, Church End, Finchley, N.

ARDENER (Head).— Lady Maria Hood

recommends an experienced man as Head Gardener.
Has a good knowledge of the profession in all branches. Nine-
teen years present and previous character as to abilities, &c. —
Walburton House, Arundel.

G^ ARDENER (Head), where more are kept,
y and a good all-round energetic married man is required.
— Age 30 ; sixteen years' experience in the usual requirements
of a Gentleman's establishment. Well recommended. —
GARDENER, Comptons Lea, Horsham, Sussex.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 30. — Mr.

Clarke, Gardener, Lowther Castle, Penrith, has very
great pleasure in recommending his Foreman, Wm. Webber,
to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, who may be in want of
a thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, with excellent
references from previous employers.

ARDENER (Head). — Age 42, married;
good testimonials for the last twenty five years. Work-
ing and thoroughly practical in all branches. Been in good
places in both England and Scotland. Three and a half years
in present situation ; five the one before. Good character, ami
can be well recommeuded. — HORTUS, Hedsor Park, Bourne
End, Maidenhead.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Age 42. no family ; thorough practi-
cal. Fifteen years in last place. Highest references. — W. D.,
Howe, Eastcote, Pinner.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,

single ; long practical experience in good general Gar-
dening. Nine years in last situation.— GARDENER, Mrs.
Eastall's, Low Shotesham, near Norwich, Norfolk.

ARDENER (Head Wobking).— Age 30,

married; thoroughly experienced in Vines, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Abstainer.- E. ISAACS. Shentield Road, Reading.

C"^ ARDENER (Head Working), where three
1" or more are kept. — Age 48, married, no family; can
have first-class testimonials as to character and ability from
last situation.— R. LOCKHART, Park Cottage. Park Road,
East Moulsey, Surrey.

C^ ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 36,
T married; abstainer. Twenty-one years' experience in
the Cultivation of Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Melons, Cu-
cumbers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Orchids,
Roses, Chrysanthemums, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Early
and Late Forcing. Unexceptional references for abilities and
charact<;r.— GARDENER. Price. Ewell Road. Surbiton.

GARDENER (Head Working). — J. C.
Cowley, Gardener to F. G. Tautz. Esq., Studley House,
Shepherd's Bush, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman,
Thomas Stevens, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a prac-
tical Gardener. Has had great experience with Orchids,
Stove and Greenhouse Plan^, Elower and Kitchen Garden
Work. Three years' good character.— T. STEVENS, Studley
House, Shepherd's Bush, W.

ARDENER (Head Working, or good

Single-handed).— Single ; experienced in both Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. Total abstainer.
Disengaged.— H. TOMS. F. Pelhnm. Buntingford. Herts.

GARDENER (Head; where two or three are
kept, no objection to good Single-handed); nge 31,
married, three children.— Mr. Jackson, Gardener to J. Lees,
Esq., Berry Hill. Mansfield, will be pleased to recommend his
Foreman, J. Thomas, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
practical Gardener. Nine years' good character from present
employer.

/^ARDENER(HEAD,OrgOOdSlNGLE-HANDED).
yjT — Age 26 ; abstainer. Scotcli. Eleven years' experience

•T. B., 2, Hearue Road,

GARDENER (Head or Single-handed). —
Age 33, married ; thoroughly understands Gardening iu
all its branches. Fivf and a half years' good character.—
PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67, Cheapside, London, E.C.

(^ARDENER (Head), or FOREMAN;

VX married, two children.— A Lady can recommend a good
Working Gardener. Has had good experience, and can have
excellent character.— STEW^UtT, Willesbourne Road, Barford,
Warwick.

ARDENER ; no family. — A Gentleman
can recommend a first-class steady Gardener.— Mr.
WOOD, Rudgeway Hou.^^e, Eastville. Bristol.

G

ARDENER. — Age 28, unmarried ;

thoroughly experienced in all branches. Good references
as to character and ability.— E. WARREN, Great Abington,
near Cambridge.

GARDENER. — Married; practical, expe-
rienced in Forcing Fruits, Plants, and ^'egetables.
Flower Gardening, Renovating Orchards, Land, and Stock.
Good character.— EDWARD BR(.)WN, Gardener, Moekluggar,
Rochester, Kent.

ARDENER; age 43.— W. Smythe, Head

Gardener to the late Lord Sondes, Elmham Hall, would
be pleased to recommend his" late Foreman to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a good Gardener.- G. R., 46, Trinity
Road, Peuge, S.E.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him ; age 36, married, four children,— A GENTLEMAN
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Ho-uses. Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons, Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (practical ; Single-handed not
objected to).— Age 30; fully competent. Good refer-
ences from present and previous employers. — F. B., 44, Welles-
ley Road, N.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed). ~ Age 28,
married, no family ; fifteen years' practical experience in
every branch of Gardening Stock. Highest references.— G.,
9, Bury Street, Guildford.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
—Age 26, married ; thoroughly experienced in all
branches of Gardening. Quick, hard-working man. Excellent
character,- H., 7, Newport Road. Burgess Hill, N.W.

ARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 25 ;

understands Flower and Kitchen Garden, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants. Two years' good character from present
employer.— E. HIATT, Ham House, Offchurch, Leamington.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given). — Married when suited. Has a good
knowledge of Flowers and Kitchen Gardening. Three years'
character. Total abstainer.— G . GRACE, Lamorbey, near
Bexley, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second).
—Age 26, single ; two years' good character. Under-
stands Stove, Greenhouse, Flnwerand Kitchen Garden. — J. W.,
34. Fleet Road. Hampstead, N.W.

GARDENER, where two or three are kept, or
Second in a large establishment, — Age 22, single ;
five years" good character. Seveu years' experience. Suburbs
of London preferred.— G. STUART, Milton Cottage, Winch ester
Road, Portswood, Southampton,

G( ARDENER (Second).— Age 24 ; nine years
r in the Gardens of Miles Maclnnes. Esq., M.P., Kicker-
by, Carlisle.— T. B.. 16, MaiJa Vale, London, N.

r^ ARDENER (Second), where three or four

y^ are kept. — Age 23 : thoroughly experienced in the
Managemenf of Glass and Kitchen Garden. Well recommended.
— WOODHAilS, Balls Park, Hertford.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 20 ; four years'

experience in the general work. Three years in present
situation. Good character.— J. F., 3. Elm Row, Hampstead, N.W.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 17 ; willing to

Learn. Good reterenees.- W. WOOD, "Rising Sun,"

r^ ARDENER (Second), where three are kept,

VJ^ or otherwise. Voung. respectable. Good references. —
A. E. SKINNER, Westerton, near Chichester.

ARDENER (Under). — Age 23, single ;

used to Kitchen Garden and Lawn Work. Six years'
experience and good character.— H. NORTH, 4, Pine Road,
Cricklewood.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 25 ; has had

good experience both Inside and Out. Can be highly
recommended by last and previous employers. — T. A., Primrose
Cottage, Clewer Green, Windsor, Berks.

OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 25 ; ten
years' experience at home and abroad. Good references.
— W. B. EFERrNGHAM, Deighton Grove, York.

I ■'OREMAN, in a private establishment. — Has
had good experience in large establishments. Good refer-
ence.—J. W. WAPLEY, Chipping Sodbury. Gloucestershire.

FOREMAN ; good. — Age 25 ; twelve years'
experience. Three years Foreman in last place. Good
Plantsman, and well up in Exhibition Work, Highly recom-
mended.—T. S., Handsworth, Sheffield.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN, — Good general knowledge of
Nursery Work, JIarket Plants, Out Flowers, Stove,
Greenhouse and Orchids.- E. SPEED, Bolton Bridge, Skipton,
York.

FOREMAN (General), in a good establish-
ment.— Four and a half years Foreman in Orchids at
Downside, also first-class reference for general Gardening. —
F. WHITE, Downside Gardens, Leatherhead.

17 ORE MAN, or PROPAGATOR and

X GROWER of Soft-wooded Stuff.- Thoroughly capable.
Twelve years* experience. Good character.- J. DEAN, Mill
Lane, Liscard, Cheshire.

"POREMAN GROWER, where Pot Plants,

-I- Ferns, Roses, and Cut Flowers, are required in quantity.
—Fifteen years with Growers for Covent Garden.— C,
7, Frances Street, Woolwich.

PROPAGATOR (General), or PROPA-
GATOR and FOREMAN and PLANT GROWER.—
Middle-aged ; thoroughly experieuced. Well up in Market
Work.— R. W., 7, Dacre Street,^Lee, S.E.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market,
or otherwise. —Age 30 ; well up in all branches of the Cut
Flower and Plant Trade.— B. K. E., 7. Gatteridge Street,
Banbury, Oxon.

ROPAGATOR, or under a Foreman.— Well

up in Grafting Rosea, Clematis, and other Hard and-
Soft^wooded Plants. Good reference to H. G.AJRROTT, The
Wimbl»don, S.W.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR and Ji( i«E GROWER, &c..
Indoors.— Well versed iu Wreath and Cross Making.—
H. S., 23, Bryngwyn Terrace, Hereford.

1JROPAGATOR (Assistant), Indoor or Out,
in a good establishment.— Four and a half years' refer-
ence from old-established firm. — Address with terms to
BRIGQS, Courtland's. Sandrock Koad, Tunbridge Wells.

ROPAGATOR (Assistant), Indoor. — Ex-

perienced in the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, and Cut Flowers. Seven years with present employer.
—JOHN HUNTER, Clark Brothers & Co., Nurserymen. Carlisle.

Market Nurseries.

FERN and PALM GROWER. — Age 28 ;
twelve years' excellent references, chielly from Nurseries.
—J. B. S., 9, Chisenhall Road, Old Ford Road, E.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in Large, or FORE-
MAN in Smaller Establishment. — Nearly three years
with Mr. Lockie, Oakley Court, Windsor, with good refer-
ences^—R^_WAJ)HAM^_Steeple^

JOURNEYMAN (First), — Age 25 ; total
abstainer. Well up in Plants. Five years in last situa-
tion. — H. CARPENTER, Mr. Meadows, St. James's Lane,
Muswell Hill, N.

J" OURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a
good establishment. — Age 22 ; strong and active ; good
chariicter from present and previous employer. — J. GUT-
TRIDGE, Fairmile, Cobham, Surrey.

OURNEYMAN, in private Garden ; age 18.—
Lady Salt recommends a young man, who has been
three and a half years, chiefly in Houses. Well educated and
abstainer.- HEAD GARDENER, Maplewell, Loughborough.
To Gardeners.

IMPROVER.— Age 21 ; excellent character.
Willing to give £.T Premium. Bolhy preferred.— J. B.,
Muchcowaroe, near Bromyard.

T~0 NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN. —
Wanted to place a respectable active Lad (age 17) in a
Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden, where he can gain a good

knowledge of the profes-sion. G. L,, Mrs. Hepburn, 8, Bruns-

wick Road. Highgate Hill, N.

SHOPMAN, or FIRST COUNTER-HAND.—
Age 24 ; six years' first-class'experience. Accustomed to
a brisk Counter Trade.— H. PAGE, Messrs. Thomson, 20, High
Street, Birmingham.

S" HOPMAN or WAREHOUSEMAN. — A
Seedsman (Scotchman, age 23) desires re-engagement as
Shopman or Warehouseman ; nine years' practical experience
in Seed and Bulb Trade. First-class references. — DAPHNE,
Gardeners' Chronicle Of&ce, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

0 THE NURSERY and SEED TRADE.—

Situation of trust wanted by a well educated young man
(age 25). Used to Selling. Good Correspondent. Well ex-
perienced in Plants and Nursery Work. Can Solicit Orders. —
F. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

TO the AGRICULTURAL SEED TRADE.—
Wanted, a situation in the Agricultural Seed Trade by a
Farmer's Son (age 32). Has been fourteen months with a
large London Seed Firm. Strong, and willing to work iu any
way required. — E. CH ALLEN, Malham Farm, Billingshurst,

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS.— Indigestion.— How
much thougnt has been bestowed, and what volumin-
ous treatises have been written upon this universal and dis-
tressing disease, which is with certainty and safety dispelled
without fear of relapse by a course of this purifying, soothing,
and tonic medicine ! It acts directly on the stomach, liver, and
bowels — then, indirectly, though no less effectively, on the
brain, neires, vessels, and glands, introducing such order
throughout the entire system that harmony dwells between
each organ and its functions. Dyspepsia need no longer be the
bugbear of the public, since Holloway's Pills are fully competent
to subdue the most chronic and distressing cases of impaired
digestion, and to restore the miserable sufferer to health,
strength, and cheerfulness.

264

THE GARDENEB8' CBROl^ICLE.

[Adgdst 27, 1887.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

4 in Expansion TomtHot w\tpr Pipes Qfeetlong As Zd each,

4 in Socket Hot-wattr l'lpe'^ Mfictlong 4^; bi/ each

Fidl Ilhustiated hti i td Pi ue List un npphLation

GARDEN SHADINGS, 1^^':'^V,^:

KUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, PEAT,

SAUD, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, &c..

At very Lowest Prices.

CATALOGUE on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMEECIAI. STREET, LONDON, E

21-OZ. Foreign of the abo\<? si/es, m 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3db and 4th3 qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-oz, Klaas in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Ghasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAH, OIL luni C'nr,(i;'K MKKOUANTS,

34, St. Jotin Street, West Smithfleld, London, E.G.
Stock List and Ibices on apphcutwii. Quote Chronicle.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6rf. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, \s. Sd. per gallon in caskH of 36, 20, or
10 gaUons.

CA UTION.-

imitations.

HILL & SMI TH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C, ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices,

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., cun^tructe.i on our improvt-d phi

iibility cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work.

perfection of g

and that the very iiE,sT.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens ilisi^nrd architecturally correct without the assistance of any
from the smallest to the Urge3t._ Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and

Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on
Our Masira is and always has been
MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK.

in any part of the Kingdom.

THE BEST MATERIALS.

l)omesticIiJaferSuBBlY

©

©

© with pstent

^Removable
" Furnace

© Sole Makers,
r>HAYWARD,TnER&C9.\

RIDER'S PBtent HOT AIR

Household Pumping engine.

Cost of i
raising S

10 0 0 Gall^^@
80 ft. High I
One PENNY.g

MESSENGSB. & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus,

Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses.
Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portnbl*
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for
heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2s. post-ftee.

A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys
made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3id. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 53; fifty, lOs. ; and one hundred, 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in Ldmlnn only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

■W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.

Editorial Communications alioukl be axldreased to "The Editor;" Advertiaements and Busine^ Letters to "Tlie Publisher," at the Office. 41. WellioKton Street, Covent Garden, London, W-C.
Printed by William Richabdh, at the Office of Meaars. Bbadbitrt. Aonew & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriara, Cityof London, in tile County of Middleaes, and published by the
fiaid WnJJAM Biohabds, at the Ofilce, 41, Welliugtou Street, Pariah of St. Paul's, OoTeat Qarden, in the aaid County. — Satdrday, Auguat 1!7, 1937. Agent f or Mancheater — JoHH HsrwooD.

Established

No. 36.— Vol. IL {g^^^.} SATUEDAY, SEPTEMBEE 3, 1887.

[Regt. as a Newspaper.{P,RICE^ 3id.

CONTENTS.

Narcissus triandrus, effect

H7Z

of salt on

2K3

Apple crop of Nova Scotia

as;)

Obituary

289

BeddtDg planta

280

Orchid houses

279

Sees and Beekeeping

2»2

,, notes

2;8

■/x:'.

Peristeria selligera

272

284

Plants and their culture

279

Cape, a month at the ...

2/1

Potato scab

■JXi

Scotland

274

viridulum

272

Scottish Alpine Botanical

Cypripedium LawTence-

Club

274

ouum

«72

Societies :—

Cymbidium enaifolium

Cercle Horticole Van

272

Houtte

288

2K2

Devon and Exeter ...

28.^

Drought, the ...283,28,

,285

Eastbourne

286

Encephalartos Altea-

Harpenden

287

st^mii

aso

Reading

287

Ferns, our native, and

Kyde

281

their varieties

277

Sandy

288

Fruits under glass

279

Wilts

288

Gardening appointmenta

2»4

Worcester

28«

Grass and Clover crops ...

282

Training wire

2f4

Hardy fruit Garden

•2Ki

Trees and shrubs

271i

Herbaceous Lobelias

ZIS

Veronica cupressoides ...

2VH

Kew notes

27:)

Wasps

28:1

Leyswood, Groombridge

272

Water Lily, a new yellow

280

■/H4

Weather, the

Nelumbium luteum

273

Xanthoceras sorbifolia .,.

274

ILLUSTF

ATIONS.

Campanula Vidalli

2S5

Encephalartos Altenstein

I

Traiumg vnre

Xanthoceras sorbifolia ..

2V.T

,, ., fruit of

274

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the" Gardeners' Chronicle "from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

GLASGOW and WEST of SCOTLAND
HORTICULTUKAL SOCIETY.
The AUTUMN FLOWER SHOW will be held within St.
Andrew's Halls, Granville Street, Glasgow, on WEDNESDAY,
September 7. Prize Schedules and Tickets of Admission to be
had from the Treasurer, Jlr. CHAS. MACDONALD WILLIAM-
SON, 194, West George Street, Glasgow ; any of the Directors,
or at my Office here. Members' Tickets, 2s. (W. each.

FRANC GIBB DOUGALL, Secretary.
167, Canning Street, Glasgow.

CHELTENHAM and COUNTY of
GLOUCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Established 182.5.
AUTUMN EXHIBITION, WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
September 14 and 15. A Special Prize of Ten Guineas will be
awarded for the best Nine Dishes of Fruit. Entries Close
September 10. Schedules of Prizes, Sec, may be obtained on
application to W. H. BRIDGEWATER, Secretary.

57, Regent Street, Cheltenham.

Pr

to be had of
Secretary's

BRIGHTON and SUSSEX FLORICULTU-
RAL and HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
GRAND AUTUMN EXHIBITION, SEPTEMBER 14 and 15,
at the Royal Pavilion, Brighton. 1st Prize, 8 Stove and Green-
house Plants, £8 ; 1st Prize Group of Ferns, £.5; IstPrizeMiscel-
3 Group, £5. Entries Close September 10. Schedules of

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY, Roval Aquarium, Westminster, S.W.
EARLY CHRYSANTHEMUM, DAHLIA, and GLADIOLUS
EXHIBITION, SEPT. 14 and 15. Schedules free on appli-
cation. The Floral Committee will meet Sept. 14, Oct. 12 and
26, Nov. 9 and 23, and Dec. 7. Medals are offered for competi-
tion at each Meeting for New Chrysanthemums. See Schedule.
WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.
Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, E.

OYAL JUBILEE EXHIBITION,

Manchester.

A GRAND EXHIBITION of FRUITS and FLOWERS will
be held on SEPTEMBEE 16 and 17. For Schedules, apply to the
undersigned. -RRnnr irrNTiTAV

Royal Botanical Gardens, Manchester. ''""J"'*' *i"'"''"-

Novelty— Novelty— Kovelty.

AM, C. JONG KINDT CONINCK begs to
• offer his large stock of strong SPtREA PALMATA
ALBA, £7 10s. per Imt.— Royal Tottenham Nurseries, Dedems-
vaart. ZwoUe. Netherlands.

Now tn Full Bloom.

BEGONIAS. — Awarded Three Gold Medals.
Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are cordially in-
vited: free admission. Frequent trains from the City and West
End to Catford Bridge and Forest Hill Stations.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Stanstead Park, Forest Hill, S.E.

Dutcb and other Bulbs.

CHARLES TURNER'S CATALOGUE is
now ready. The first consignment is to hand, in excel-
lent condition. The new Rose, Fruit Tree, and Coniferie
CATALOGUE is in the press.

The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

Begonias a Specialty.

BR. DAVIS invites an inspection of his
• BEGONIAS, now in Full Bloom, at The Yeovil Nur-
series, Hendford Hill, Yeovil. Several hundreds of specimens
grown in pots and many thousands planted in the open ground.

GENISTAS, good stuff, in SO's, £1 per 100.
CHARLES WOODROFFE. Sudbury, Harrow, N.W.

BOUVARDIAS, iine bushy plants, 30«.
per 100; CYCLAMENS, good, in 48's, 30s, per 100;
GARDENIAS, strong plants, 30s, per 100; Tree CARNA-
TIONS, best sorts, .'JOs. per 100— good plants.

W. JACKSON. Blakedown. Kidderminster.

Camellias, Azaleas. Bhododendrons, Palms, Orchldi.

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nubsebyman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. E. SILBERRAD and SON. 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars. London. E.C.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamssrops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

FOR SALE or EXCHANGE, Large PALMS,
Areca lutescens, Latania borbonica, Verschaffeltia
splendida, and other Foliage Plants. For particulars apply,
E. WILLS, The Firs, Bassttt, Southampton.

SQUELCH AND BARN HAM,
North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FREaSCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily; Cheijues weekly, or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NUBSEHTMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, StDCUP."

WANTED, Cuttings, or Rooted Cuttings of
PELARGONIUMS— leading varieties. Send names
and price to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan),
Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston, near Liverpool.

ANTED, GERANIUM CUTTINGS.

Name sorts and price per 1000, to
R. TURNER, The Abbey, Northbourne, near Deal.

ANTED, SCARLET VESUVIUS

GERANIUM CUTTINGS. Sample and price per 1000.
CHARLES WOODEOFFE, Sudbury, Harrow, N.W.

w

Carnations, Picotees, Cloves and Flnlcs.

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, and may be
had free on application.

The Royal Nurseries, Slough,

FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY
CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Qustav A, Schultz,
Berlin. For price write to

JACOB isD VALENTIN, 66, Cheapside. London, E.C.

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dvson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS," LONDON.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAM.MANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. E. SILBERRAD iKD SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

LAING'S BULBS, for Early Forcing.—
White Roman HYACINTHS, tine large roots, 14s. per 100 ;
extra large picked roots, lbs. per 100. Paper White and Double
Roman NARCISSUS. 9s. per 100. All carriage free.
CATALOGUES Gratis and Postrfree,
JOHN LAING AND SONS. Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill. S.E.

PALM SEEDS. — Fresh Seeds of Kentia
Belmoreana. Canterburj-ana Forateriana, Areca Baueri
and lutescens, just to hand. Lowest quotations. Samples
free on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslau, Germany.

DAFFODILS, White Trumpets, &c.— Over 150
varieties to select from 1 " HAKTLAND'S * ORIGINAL'
LITTLE BOOK of DAFFODILS," including a special offer of
sweet-scented Oxlips, Cowslips, and Primroses, is now ready. It
is the best guide to Daffodil knowledge ever published, consider-
ably enlarged — medium quarto size — and full of life-size origi-
nal drawings by Gertrude Hartland. The Book can be had for
18 stamps. Its duplicate, without the illustrations, free to all
applicants. Please write for them. The Bulbs are uncommonly
healthy, all grown in fresh pasture loam and sea sand.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware-
house, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

T AXTON'S "NOBLE" STRAWBERRY.—

-Li The only Fruit which received a First-class Certificate
from the Roycu Horticidtural Society in the year ending Jioie,
1887, and the only Fruit Certificated at the Society's great
Liverpool Show, July, 1686. This wonderfully larce, handsome,
and prolific early Strawberry, of first quality, made the highest
wholesale price in Covent Garden Market during the past three
seasons. Mr. J. Muir, after trying and forcing it, says, "In
my opinion the most extraordinary and valuable Strawberry in
cultivation." Particularsof this and " Laxt^n's Jubilee," a fine
new late variety ; see previous issues of this Paper — also free
on application. Coloured plat« of " Noble," 6rf., from

THOiL\S LAXTON, Seed and Novelty Grower, Bedford.

PECL^L OFFER to the English Trade of

100,000 INDIAN AZALEAS, from 50s., 70s., 80s., 100s.,
120s., to 200s. per 100.

AZALEA MOLLIS, GHENT AZALEAS, RHODODEN-
DRONS, CAMELLIAS. FERNS, PALMS, for Table and Gen-
eral Decoration. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA, SPIRAEAS.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, and various other Plants for forcing.
All at very moderate charges.

Wholesale CATALOGUE, free on application, from
A. VAN GEERT, Continental Nurseries, Ghent. Belgium.

Important Notice.

To Floristii, Seedsimen. Horticultural Builders, &c.
Plants, Flowers. Fruits and Vegetables a Specialty.

WM. J. WELCH begs to call particular
attention to his productions for
ILLUSTRATING BOOKS. MAGAZINES, CATALOGUES,
and for ADVERTISING PURPOSES.
For Specimens see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1883 to 1886.
Ajjdbess :— 25. Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C,

266

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septkmbeb 3, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Thursday Next— (Sale No. 7474.)
E.3TABLISUED OKCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, September 8, at haU-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine lot ot ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS from private Collections, including many plants in
Flower and End.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids in Flower and Bud.

ll/rE. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that

1»X his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS, in Flower and
Bud, will take place at his Great Rooms, y8. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, September 14. and he
will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS for
this SALE will send particulars not later than Thursday next.

Bulbs— Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms, 38, KingStreet, Covent Garden, W.C,
every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY. First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULliS. — GREAT UNRESER\'ED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68. Clieapside. London, E.G., every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in eicellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

East Greenwich.

Expiration of Lease. — Clearance Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEliOK anp AUHUnS are
imtructed by Mr. Ci ..,,;, (.. ^^T,T, !■ \V' 1 I- •>". ..nOie
Premises, The Nursc-rv. \ Ml ' . ••w

WEDNESDAY, Septeml. i ,. . ' ; . .ut

reserve, the erections of li\''iiKl.i iinii --i --. M.i' KWiiKK,
HOT-WATER PIPING :u.a litULklvS. Al-.. li..^ vmiui,_- y..i llie
GREENHOUSE PLANTS iu variety; FEKNS ..f hurts ; t?e\er-al
FRAJVIES and BOXES, IRON WATER-TANK, FLOWER
POTS, and other effects.

On view the day prior to the Salt;. Catalogues had ou the
Premises, and of tlie Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Clieapside, E.C.,
and Leytonstoiie, E.

Friday Next.

VALUABLE BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS.
ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by air. F. Sander to SELL Lv Al'CTlUN. !it
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and y'^- . ' L ip .. . I .hImm, I ( ,.
on FRIDAY. September 9. at li.Ht , . i ,_ i , :i

quantity of the magniticeut new 1 ii ' .jiu,! . i \| ii\i;iL'i
ANUM. The plants may now l.^ ■■■ m,- .J, ■,■.■,! ,|ni(.' -.,!.■, ;iiiH
are breaking well. The blossoms an.- hirpo. :nul the colunriiig
indescribably rich and beautiful. It is evidently a very free
grower, having extremely diverse pseudobulbs, from wliich
abundant vjiriiifinn am! quite new forms may be expected. It
is on-'i'T I'm .■! ii!' I Introductions of the century.

At 11. ill be offered valuable importations of

BR.\ZI! '■ \ • > !' !i : ;k. the -^vhole iu the best i>ossible health

and (.ill .1, i|. rising Laelia purpurata, large masses;

Catthvi i.'ov..,uui. iuh; lot; C. SchniiFldiana and C. granulosa,
C. interuiLrduL, C. pumilia, comp;ir.>t 1 in, iithI l;ilr;,ta; T.iflia
harpophylla, L. xauthina, the IiLiiid-Muir ;iiiil r.irc I'llumna
nobilis, Colax jugosus, Oncidium lun i oim^nn. i ). I'mlir-ii, (.).
papilio majus, 0. sarcudes, O. bicoliu-, o. rn-.iiiiiii, Hiirhiiglunia
imperialU. .Miltunia Re^nielii, and manv uIIi.t , huiif Orchids.
Uii view muniing of Sal.-, ati.l (Vitalo^u.-s had.

The Great Annual Trade Sales of Greenhouse Plants,

Important to Nurserymen and Flcrists.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call attention to the following S.4XES, and
will be pleased to add the names and addresses of intending
purchasers who may desire to receive Catalogues, which will
be forwarded free of expense.

Auction Rooms .and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C., and Leytonstone, E.

Swanley Junction, Kent.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALE of immense quantities of

UREENHOrSE PLANTS, unusually well grown.

Important to the Trade.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. P. Ladds. to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises. The Nurseries, adjoining Swanley Junction
Station, Kent, on THURSDAY, September 8. at 11 o'clock
punctually, in consequence of the large number of 1200 lots,
the following Stock : —
10,000 GENISTAS, in 40 and 48 pots.
5,000 ,, in 60 pots.

10,000 HEATHS. Winter Flowering, in 40 and 48 pots, beau-
tifully grown and abundantly set with flower buds.
300 GARDENIAS, large specimen plants.
10,000 CARNATIONS, Tree, consisting of all the best winter

flowering varieties.
16,000 KOSES, Tea, splendid plants.
2,000 ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, good plants.
1,000 CYPERUS.

90 STEPHANOTIS. large specimens.
600 PALMS, in variety.
1,000 GERANIUMS. New White. Queen of Whites Improved,
F.C.C. Rovnl Botanical S.iciety. .May 19. 1886.
400 ].|;\i' i:\ \^ j-ii'l;oin\ ;, ri'ERIS TREMULA

Kew Nursery, Richmond, S.W.

FRIDAY NEXT, SEPTEMBER 9.
Eitensive TRADE SALE of Thousands of PAL:MS. in various
sizes, and including many tine specimens ; DRAC.ENAS,
FERNS, VARIEGATED ARALIAS. &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. K. Drost (Successor to Mr. H. Herbst)
to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Kew Nursery,
Richmond, S.W., eight minutes' walk from the Richmond Rail-
way Station, on FRIDAY NEXT, September 9, at 11 o'Clock
precisely (in consequence of the large number of lots).

An immense quantity of PALMS, remarkably well-grown
and clean, in thumbs, 60, 48, 33, and 24 pots, including
fine table and decorating plants, and a splendid healthy
stock of smaller plants for growing on, comprising 270O
Latauia borbonica, 4000 Euterpe edulis, 1700 Seaforthia elegans,
KiOO Cocos WeddeUiaua, llOa Kentia Balmoreana and Fors-
teriana, 170 K. Canterburyiana,- 450 Geonoma gracilis and
Verschaffeltii, 400 Corypha australis, Phcenix reclinata, and
rupicola, in 32*5; Areca lutegCens, A. sapida, Rhapis flabelli-
formis, and Chamaedorea "eiejjarij. A few large Specimen
Plants, consisting of COCOS WEDDELXIAXA, 15 leaves,
7 feet high ; CYCAS NEO CALEDONICA. 10 leaves, 5 feet
high; RHAPIS FLABELLIFORMIS, 6feet by6 feet. 36 stems.
Six Latanias, Areca lutescens, A. sapida, and Aspidistras.
And further the following STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS ; — Variegated Aralias, variegated and green Aspi-
distra-i, largL- double white Camellias, 500 Azaleas, Dracsenas,
Yur, ,1 .. iV^i, ri.ii-' tremula, in 32'3 ; Adiantum Victoria,
A. IM 'I small Ferns, spli-ndid variety; some

Shrn! I i fining, and 30,000 Spanish Iris, of the

wflM .^ ii-. Hull; Tulips, Narcissi, and Liliums.

M.iy be V .c\v.vi aijy day prior to the Sale. Catnlogues may
be hati on the premises; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C., and Leytonstone. E.

N.B. — The collection of Palms is exceedingly fine.

Upper Edmonton.

The SECOND ANNUAL TRADE SALE of 30,000 splendidly

grown GREENHOUSE and other PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. Hi B. May to SELL by AUCTION,
on tiie Premises, the Dyaou'a Lane Nursery, Uppi-r Edmonton
(about 3 minutes' walk from Angel Road, and 8 minutes' from
Silver Street Railway Stations, G.E.R.), on MONDAY. Sep-
eraber 12, at 11 o'clock punctually, 30.000 GREENHOUSE
and STOVE PLANTS, remarkably well-grown, and in the
best possible condition, compri*'

the

10,000 Tree Carnations,
best varieties
2.000 Tea Roses
2,000 Variegated Ivies
4,000 Miscellaneoua Plants

Mtchii

1,000 Ampelop.'
500 Clematis
10,000 Jernsof sorts, including
Pteria cretica Mayii
1,000 Azaleas, Fielder'sVl^hite
May uow be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, and of the Auctioneers. and Valuers, 67 and 6S, Cheap-
side, London, E.C. ; and Leytonstone, E.

Till

v.\: ■. I , II iii-pectionis invited.

'.■ ■ u, ' ir ■ ,,',1 ,.|;. I ..; Mr- r. I, \i)DS,at the Nurseries.
y iir liiAi'.y Ji';itii, Ai'iii; it ut the Auctioneers and
1, 67 uiidOti, Cheupaide, Loudon, E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

Lee. Kent. S.E.

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE, to commence punctually at
11 o'clock m consequence of the large number of lots.

MESSRS. TROTIIEROE and MORRIS
;irr lu-tnirtrd bv M.'ssrs. B. Mailer & Sons to SELL
h\- .MCrinN. .,nihr !>n'iiiis.-s. The Burnt Ash Lnne Nurseries.
I.'.-e, .S.E., a.ijuMun^' tlie Kaihvay Station, ou TUESDAY,
September 13. at 11 o'Clock punctually without reserve.

25,000 WINTER BLOOMING HEATHS,
beautifully grown and remarkably well set with bloom-buds,

15.000 Erica hyemali
5,000 Erica gracili

Large quantities of

melauthera ventric<»a

perspicua erecta

Cavendishii

and other best kinds
Alarge quantity of small Erica

hyemalisfor growing on
8000 Solanum capsicastrum,

in berry [double

6000 Bouvardias, single and
2000 Genistas, very fine
Cyclamen persicum
2000 Adiantum cuneatum
Alsophila australis, in 24'9 and

16"s pot:

3000 Lomaria gibba, true, com-
pact variety, and other Ferns
500 Epacris, well-grown
Borouia megastigma
Quantity of extra strong
Marechal Niel and other Xea
Roses
Grevillea robusta
Palms

Ficus elastica
Greenhouse Passion- (lowers
Poinsettias
Ampelopsia Veitchii
Stephanotis
A fine lot of the new white

Plumbago capensis,
Large Gardenias for cutting
Beautifully coloured Crotons, &c.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, or
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and G8, Clieapside, E.G.,
and Leytonstone, E.

N.B.— Messrs. P. & M. desire to call the attention of intend-
ing Purchasers to the stock to be offered as above. The plants
are remarkably well grown, fit for immediate sale, and the
whole will be found in an equally good condition as former years.

Lea Bridge Road Nurseries, Leyton.

ANNUAL SALE of WINTKU-FLOWERINU HEATHS and
other DECORATIVE and FLOWERING PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. John Fraser to SELL by AUC-
TION on tlie Premises, The Lea Bridge Road Nurseries,
Leyton, E. (a few minutes' walk from the Hoe Street Station,
G.E.R.), on WEDNESDAY, September 14, at 11 o'Clock pre-
cisely, in consequence of the large number of lots, a fine assort-
ment of WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS, including hyemalis
and others ; large quantities of CYCLAMEN, Eraser's superb
strain ; BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, splendidly berried ;
GENISTAS, Tree CARNATIONS, LAPAGERLAS. CLEMATIS
indivisa, lobata, and other greenhouse climbers; ROSES,
including Marechal Niel, W. A. Richardson, of extra size, and
a variety of Tea-scented and Hybrid Perpetuals ; Clematis
Jackmanni, and other fine, sorts; Ampelopsia Veitcliii, varie-
gated and other Ivies; Passion-flowers, Jasmines, and other
nardy climbers. A good collection of Hollyhocks and several
thousands ot young Heaths,- and Genistas for growing on.

The above are all well-grown and in good condition for
immediate sale.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,

Tottenham, N.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALIC of WINTER FLOWERINa
HEATHS, STOVE and GKEEXHOT'SE PLANTS, &c., to
commence punctually at 11 o'Clock, tlicre being upwards
of 1200 lots. " ' . -' 1

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by the Executors of the late Mr. Jo^ Mailer
to SELL by A UCTION, on the Piemiscs, the BmnsWjii Jfur-
serv, Tottenliam (close to White Hart Lane Station.'-G.E-lf.).
on THURSDAY. September 15, at 11 o'clock precisely, withiut

10,000 Winter-blooming HE.ATHS— including hyemalis, graci-
lis, caffra, Wilmorea, and others.
8,000 SOLANUMS— well berried.
.5,000 FERNS— Adiantums. Pteris. &c.
3,000 Tree CARNATIONS, leading varieties.
S.OOO EOUVARDIAS.
3,000 GENISTAS.
1,000 Double White PRIMULAS.
1.000 Stove and Greenliouse CIAMBEES.

DIPLADENIAS of sorts. ALLAMANDAS, BOUGAIN-
VILLEAS. STEPHANOTIS. TACSONIAS.
1,000 PASSIFLORAS, and AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII.

600 CROTONS and DRACiENAS, beautifully coloured.
1,000 PALMS, FICUS, &c.

Large AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS for cutting from.
Many thousands of small ERICAS ; and a collection of-
other useful Stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers, 67 and (33, Cheapside, E.C, and Ley-
tonstone. E.

Sldcup, Kent, S.E.
SIXTH GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE ot WINTER-
FLOWERING HEATHS. ROSES, and OTHER PLANTS,

forming one of the tine;
mitted to the public in a ^in 1
is unrivalled (without d'lr i
Messrs. Gregory & Evuu- "
well-grown, beautifully s.l \.
spection by intending purcluiM

'olli'ctions ever sub-
lock ot Heaths
'■ver offered by
nfi particularly
i worthy of in-

\f ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

ItX instructed by Jle-

Railway), on FRIDAY, September 16,. at 11 o'Clock precisely,
in con-equence of the unusually large number of 1600 lots, and
quantity of exceedingly well-grown Winter-blooming

the following quantities may be r
30,000 ERICA HYEMALIS

All

10,000

„ GRACILIS

5,000

„ CAFFRA

5,000

,, mixed varieties

2.O0O

„ CAVENDISHU

2.000

„ MAGNIFICA

2.000

„ COCCINEA MINOR

8.000 BOUVARDIAS, Of sorts

7 uno

S(ILANU.\IS, well berried

8,000

CYCLAJIEN, fine plants, best market

stn

5,000 ADIANTUM CUNEATUM , ,^ ,

5,000 FERNS, ot sorts "" V"'"-

3,000 DOUBLE PRIMULAS
2,000 GREVILLEA ROBUSTA
1,000 AMPELOPSIS VEITCHU
10,000 ROSES, grown especially for this Sale, 4 toet and

15 feet in height.
Thousands ot small HEATHSaml (1KNI.STAS for growing on.
The stock is now arranged fur sab', ami may be viewed.
Catalogues maybe had on tlie l'rriiii-.is; ami of the Auctioneers
and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheai^id. , lO.C, and Leytonstone, E.

Lewisham, S.E.

IMPORTANT TRADE S^VLE of P^IXMS, FERNS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. R. Bullen to SEI.iL
by AUCTION, ou the Premises, the Woodlands Nursery,
Lewisham, S.E.. on SATURDAY, September 17, at 11 o'Clock
precisely, an immense quantity of remarkably well-grown
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including the following
English-grown Palms, in perfect health and condition, in 32's,
48's, and 60's; about 4000 Latania barbonica, 2000 Seaforthia
elegans, 2000 Areca Baueri, sapida, and lutescens; 500 Kentia
Fosteriana and Balmoreana. 250 Cocos Weddelliana, 50O
Corypha australis, 1000 Phoenix rupicola, 1000 P. canariensia,
&c. ; 2000 Adiantum cuneatum, 1000 A. decorum, 1000 Pteris
tremula, 1000 P. cretica major, cristate, and a large number
of the following Ferns: — Lomaria gibba, Polypodium aureum,
Gymnogramma peruviana, Lastrtea aristata, Cyrtomium fal-
catum and amoena, in 32's and 48's ; large quantities of Tree
Carnations, Dractenas, Grevilleas, Roses in pots. Gardenias,
Eucharis, &c. ; about 200 Azaleas, Fielder's White and indica
alba, in 32"s, 24's, and 16'3.

The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Pre-
mises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.,
Leytonstone, E.

Forest Gate.

Excellent opening for small Capitalists, Almost without

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Billings to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Nursery, Upton Lane, Forest Gate, on
MONDAY, September lil, at 13 ..'Clock precisely, the BENE-
FICIAL INTEREST in the LEASE of the NURSERY, with
6 Greenhouses, Cottage, and 1 Acre ot Land, subject to the
very low rent ot £30 per annum. Also in suitable lots the
whole of the well-grown stock ot STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS.

May be viewed. Particulars obtainable ot the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. ; and Leytonstone, E.

Septembek 3, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEHS' CHRONICLE.

267

The Wellington Road Nursery, St. John's Wood,

inljoining Lord's Cricket Ground.
CKRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, the LAND having been
purchnsed by the Committee of the M.C.C. for the
extension of their ground. -.r^^T^-r,-.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. E. O. Henderson & Sons, to
SELL by AUCTION on the Premises os above, on TITESDAY,
September 20, without reserve, the whole of the GLASS
ERECTIONS, consisting of 16 GREENHOUSES, thousands of
feet of PIPING, BRICKWORK, &c. Also a quantity of
Surplus Stock.

Full particulars will appear in next week's Advertisement.

Nursery Stock Sales.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that they are now arranging their
SALES of NURSERY STOCK, for the coming season, and they
will be pleased to receive the names of intending Purchasers
who may wish to receive CATALOGUES.

Auction Rooms and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapsuie,
London, E.G.

Dulwloli.— By Order of the Mortgagees,

Highly Important to Jlarket Gardeners and Florists.

TO BE SOLD, at a pulling-dovm price,
21 Modem Greenhouses, 27,000 feet of Glass, .5000 feet of
Piping, with Leasehold Dwelling-house, and 3 Acres of Ground.
Ground Rent only jeai.

Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.C. ^

FOR SALE, a small compact NURSERY,
well stocked Good neighbourhood. Particulars of
J. LjVKE. Mrs. Felgate, Cliurch Road, Leyton.

FOR SALE, the Lease, Good-will, Fittings,
Fixtures, and Stock of a SMALL COMPACT NURSERY
and SEED BUSINESS, well situated in a large Market Town,
a short distance from London. No reasonable offer refused.

Full particulars of HORTUS. Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

OR DISPOSAL, at once, a FRUITERER and

GREENGROCER'S BUSINESS. First-class. West-End.
Splendidly fitted. Long lease at low rent, which is nearly
covered by part let off. Grand opportunity for person with
some means of acquiring a genuine concern.

Apply personally to Messrs. H.ARLEY, Business Agents,
Monmouth Road, Bayswater, W^.

To Nurserymen, Floriuts, and Fruit Gro-wers.

TO BE SOLD, or LET on Lease, owing to ill-
heallh of owner, a FIRST-CLASS OLD-ESTABLISHED
BUSINESS, inthe Midlands. Ample accommodation. Good Stock.
A practical man with about £a00, could be taken Partner.

W. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, ■Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

TO BE LET or SOLD, a valuable FREE-
HOLD NURSERY with Cottage, situated in Greenwich—
about 1 acre walled in, half under Glass ; all Fittings. Water
laid on. Only parties with substantial means need apply to
•■ANCHOR BREWERY," Lewisham, S.E.

FOR SALE, or TO LET.— In consequence of
Mr. Atherton's Son's death, a NURSERY, FLORIST,
and SEED BUSINESS will be disposed of. It is well known
to be one of the best in Cambridgeshire It has been suc-
cessfully carried on for thirty-two years, and every year
increasing its area. Good chance for a business family.
There is a very large Retail Seed Trade, likewise Plants, Cut
Flowers, &c. — Full particulars on application to

E. T. ATHERTON, High Street, Chatteris, Cambs.

To Florists, &c.

TO BE LET or SOLD, on Bexley Heath,
Eight new GREENHOUSES, 200 by 12 and l.i feet, now
planted with Tomatos. Room to erect more. Apply,

W. G. BAILEY, Florist, The Nurseries. Bexley, Kent.

To Gardeners.

TO LET, a Small NURSERY. Six Green-
houses and 1.50 feet of Pits and Lights to be Sold, price
£70. Chance for a beginner.
J. GREEN AWAY, Florist, Northumberland Park, Tottenham.

To Meirket Gardeners and Others.

TO LET, at Michaelmas next, about 13| acres
of LAND, at Plnistow, situated in the Prince Regent's
Lane, and close to the Barking Road. For particulars apply to
Messrs. CH'TTON, '.I, Whitehall Place, S.W.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains fuU parti-
culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 63, Cheapside. London, E.C.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, theirPriced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest newaudold. - '"' -

D
D

UTCH BULBS.

TRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nubseetmen,
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.
Intending purchasers of DUTCH BULBS are invited to read
ANT. ROOZEN AMD SON'S CATALOGUE for 1887, and see the
large saving eSected by Dealing direct with the Grower.
The Catalogue, containing details of their immense Collections
of New, Rare, and Fine Bulbs and Plants, and also particulars
aa to Free Delivery, will be sent, post-free, on application
to them, or to their Agents, MERTEN3 and CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C.

EARLY WHITE

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

OUR LAKGE CONSIGNMENTS
of ROMAN HYACINTHS. PAPER WHITE NAR-
CISSUS, &c., are to hand in splendid condition, and
we have much pleasure in offering fine picked Bulbs
at niodL-rate prices as below, carriage free: —
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, extra tine roota, 23. per

dozen. \i^s. per lOu. Uus, per lUOO.
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, ordinary sized roota,
Is. tt</. per do/en, V>x. ptr luil, UOs. per 1000.

NARCISSUS. Paper White, spieudid for forcing, u.^d.

per do/.en, UK. iSd. ptr loit, 9u.^. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper WMte, new. large flowered.

splendid variety, much sui>erior to the old sort, 2s. 6d.

per dozen, 165. per 100.
NARCISSUS, Double Roman, fine roots, is. 6rf. per

dozen, 10s. <od. per 100, yus. per 1000.
Our beautifully Illustrated CATALOGUE (6-1 pages
imperial size) of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Lilies, Fruit
Trees, Roses. &c., ia now ready, and should be read by all
intending purchasers before making their selection.

DANIELS BROS.,

ROYAL NtiRFOLK SEED EST.A.BLISHMENT,

NORWICH.

(5,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LEADING VARIETIES,

Fineplanta, in 5^ and 6-inch pots, 12s., los., and 18s. per dozen,

according to size.

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by

any in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on

application. pV^,, ,^, ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
THE YINEYARD and NUKSEHIES, GAKSTON,
NEAR LIVERPOOL.

" SIR WATKIN "

IS THE BEST OF ALL THE NARCISSI.

Priced CIRCULAR (So. 334; of this and

all other Narcissi post-free.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS,

NEWTON NURSERIES, CHESTER.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from I85. to SGs. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

Improved Mushroom Spawn,

Per bushel of 14 cakes, ."is.

Per cake, t?t/. ; per cake, free by

Parcels Post, Is.

For Outdoor and Indoor Culture.

Victoria and Paradise

Nurseries,

Upper Holloway, London, N.

VICCARS COLLYER & CO.'S

AUTUMN CATALOGUE,

Now Tieadi/, Grntis and Post-free.
Containing a brief account of Mr. ViccABS Collyer's re-
cent visit to Palastine, with offer of Seeds, &c., as a Preface.

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Splendid bulb,, Is. 9i. doz. ; 12s. lOtf. For present planting.
C.lrriage paid.

STRAWBERRIES,

Leading sorts at 3s. per 100, oarriage paid, cash with order.
The extraordinary fruiting properties of MONSTROSITY
Strawberry have induced ud to propagate a very large quan-
tity, and offer at a price within the reach of all, viz., 55.
per dozen, cash with order; or a collection of lOD ordinary
sorts, with one each Monstrosity and Curiositv, carriage
free for 45. ; cash with order. NOW IS THE BEST TIME
TO PLANT.

Smdfor CATALOGUE:, absolutely/ teeming with interest
ami Xovelties.

VICCARS~~CbLLYER^ & CO.,

Central Hall, Sliver Street, Leicester.

Telegrams — " Central, Leicester."

ORCHIDS.

AN IMiMENSE STOCK,

ALL IN FINE CONDITION.

INSPECTION INVITED.

Catalogues free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYA.ED & NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

HOOPER & CO., Lim.,

COVENT GARDEN LONDON.

BEGONIAS.

For bedding-out or pot-, splendid varieties. Those are seed-
lings t)i!it can be thoroughly recommended.

Per dozen, 4s., post-free.

GLOXINIAS.

Seedlings of our magnificent strain^, not equalled by any in
existence that we are aware of. The most superb of house

phinta. In thumb-pots, 6s. dozen.

PETUNIA HOOPER'S EMPRESS.

SGHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA.

A new plant of great merit, destined to take a prominent
position aa one of the best novelties introduced for many years.
It flowers profusely ia clusters, shape of the Allamanda, pure
white, deliciously scented, and lasting a long time in water ;
flowers large and of good substance. For cut blooms and
decorative purposes it i^ unique; the culture most simple in
the ordinary greenhoui^e or conservatory.

7s. 6d. and 10s. 6d.
HOOFEB & CO., Limited, Covent Garden.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the tune for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that
without seeing it it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

FRUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLUS,
EOUVAKDIAS. CYCLAMENS. ERICAS. EPACRIS. PRIMU-
LAS, SOLANUMS. TREE CARNATIONS, and other

WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS,

Of tine quality and immense numbers.

Inspkction Invited,

The Glass Structures cover au area of 274,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP.

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP.

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP.

See our Wholesale CATALOGUE of Bulbs,

free on applicatioyi,

containing List of all the best varietiesotHYACINTHS, TULIPS,

CROCUS, LILIES, DAFFODILS, IRIS, SNOWDROPS, &c.
Please compare oar Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed aiiJ Bulb Mercliauts,

EXETER STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

268

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 3, 1887.

L'HORTICULTURE INTERNATIONALE

(J)ircctor.s: MM. J. LINDEN and LUCIEN LINDEN),

PARC LEOPOLD, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM,

Have Yci-}' much pleasure in offering, at A'ery moderate prices, the tWO finest neW Orchids of the year.

First-class Certificates Royal Horticultural Society, August, 1887.

CYPRIPEDIUM PRyESTANS, Eohb. f.

I CATASETUM BUNGEROTHI, n. e. Brown.

oLs. Qil. to 63.S. I Good established plants . . 31«. Qd. and GSs.

42s., 84.5. and 105s. I Plants in bud . . . . 84s. and 105s.

Carriage free to any part of the United Kingdom.

77/1" Horticultural Press is unanimous in praise of the tivo highlij remarhihle new Orchids.

( ood imported plants
1 stablishcd plants

Add'y to MM. LINDEN, PARC LEOPOLD. BRUSSELS.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel
& Son's de'^criptire LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free. 3d.— VI. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

SCILLA SIBIRICA.— Of this variety may be
obtiiined many thousands, all first and second-class roots,
at moderatP price:^. Apply to

Mr. v. \'AN TIL, Jnii., Bulb Grower, Hillegom, Holland.

F LEWIS, NrnsERYMAN, The Leylands,
• Deily. has a few Tliousanl ADIANTUM CUNEATUM
to dispone of out of GO's. extra strLiii{;, Ife. per 100.

Cash with order. Price per JOUO on application.

CAnCJ CRIMSON CLOVE (True) for Dis-

•-'V/V/V/ posol. Good strong Layers, 12s. perlUO, forwarded
free for cash with order.— GOWERS AND EMBERSON, Comely
Bank Nursery, Walthamitow.

B.

MALLER AND SONS bej? to offer to the

lly v.'ell groi^Ti stock

of EKH' \s ill- •.. ■' ■:'■

->. EPACKIS, SOLA-

NI'JH. (,l \l- , 1^, i ■. < ,' \ Ml '

■1 VARDIAS. ADIAN-

TU.M ( 1 M-. \ 1 . ii i.iM .-,',. r , l,l;\

. liARUENIAS, STE-

PHAN(J11.S, l-lLl b i.I.ArtlH A, IKi

luNS. GREVILLEAS,

Vl.N'ES lu pots, &t-. An lu^peotiuu is

invited. Trade CATA-

LOaUEi lorwarclcd on application.

The ANNUAL SALE bv AUCTION i

viU be held EARLY VS

SEPTE.MBEB.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries

Lee, S.E.

<1{\ i\i\i\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

\J\J»)\j\j\J fiiH'ist Double and Single Varieties (some
of the Howers of which become lo inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
cluuUiug and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
phmt^; extra strong plants, repotted into S^indi pots, 2s. 6^.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AN1> CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Wc

JARMAN'S BULBS,

FOR EARLY FORCIXO.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, "S\'hite, fine selected

roots, :;.-. i«T ,ii,/._-n, l.'.s. per 100.

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, Is. 6d. per doz.,

IDs. per 100.
,, Paper White, Is. Gd. per dozen. 10s. per 100.

TULIPS, Duo Van Thol, scarlet and yellow,

ad. per dozen, 4s. per luO.

All Carriage Free. Catalogues Gratis and Post-free.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(Ki;.tISTKRE.)).

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "HinU on Fern

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 speciea and varieties,

including Descriptive "List OF Nkw, Rare, and

Choice FRRN9,"and " Hardy North American Ferns,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SAIE, MANCHESTER.

8

Leave to Inform my Friends and Patrons that

n,av.-larK-.Su|,| , ..fl ]„• l„.,t .Sel.-.l,.!

ILVKU SAM), I'lO.AT, ;iik1 LOAM, now

ready for .Idivi-ry iiilo raihvay Irii.'ks at muilerale ,|uo-
is. EuU particulars sent on application.
W. SHORT, Horticultural Co.. Midhurst, Sussex.

DUTCH

FLOAA^ER

-a.

ROOTS

JAiS JEITl^^„^„i^

HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS, TULIPS,

AND OTHER BULBOUS ROOTS ;

and are pleased to say that they are in exceptionally fine condition.

BULB CATALOGUE FOR 1887

Has nolo been Posted to all our Custoniers ; any one not haviny received the same, a Duplicate Copy
will immediately be forwarded Post-free on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

TREPHOforORCHIDS.

For Potting, Itafts, Bloc^ks. &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S., F.R.H.S.,

75i, QUEEN V I C T O K I A STREET, E.C. ; and

SWAN PLACE. OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all Horticultukal Requisites post-free.
POTTERY of all ilescriptions.

WASPS.— DAVLS'S WASP DESTROYER
will rid any place of these pests instantaneously.
See testimonials. Is. 6rf. and 2s. Grf. per bottle: post-free, Is. 9o.
a id 2s. 10(;.— B. R. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries. Yeovil.

- PEAT. —

any quantity, to any

THE ACME

Sa

Safe and Sure.

WEED-KILLER, for destroying Weeds on Carriage Drives,
Garden Walks, Stable Yards, &c. Prices:- Per gallon, 2s.,
tins included ; 5 gallons, Is. 6rf. per gallon ; 10 gallons. Is. 4(/.
per gallon. One gallon makes 26 gallons.

WORM-KILLER, for eradicating worms from Tennis
Court?, Lawns, and Plants in Pots. Prices: — In bottles.
Is. M. and 2s. 6rf ; per gallon, 6s.

THE

INVICTA '

INSECTICIDE.

mealy-bng.

For destroying insects and parasites, sii
scale, thrips, red spider, American blight, &i
and 2s. 6d. ; per gallon, 9s.

The "INVICTA" MILDEW DESTROYER

1 Rosea, Viuea,&c.
Sole Proprietors and ManufacUtrers,

THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY
TONBRIDGE, KENT.

Sold by Seedsmen and Florists.

NoTF. — There is no branch of our buiiness at Glasgow or

elsewhere, and we are not connected with any company of a

PE A T — P E A T
Very superior, for Sale. Sent i
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Ma,^cal Estate, North Cray, Kent.

EAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for

Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in tour-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at lOs. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6*f. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 6s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. id. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or line, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO., Famboro' Station, Hants.

DIE
IMMEDIATELY.

j.i«itiwii««MM.M,ir.i,httiiiiiiiiiiiiMm,i,ii,tiMiiiiirijiiMiiajri,i;Kiii::MH,i,mmi5!
Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2/e 4/e 7/e 12/6 20h

CLAY & LEVESLEY.

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD. LONDON, E.

C. 8t L. also supply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano,
Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrate of Soda, iu best qualities only.

Seftbmbbb 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENEES' CHRONICLE.

269

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(Established 1841)

CONTAINS AKTICLES OX ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING,

NOTICES OF ALL HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST,

EEPOETS of EXHIBITIONS, EEVIEWS of BOOKS, aud
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

Original Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds,

may be named : —

ALPINE PLANTS :-

BACKHOl'SK. .T.

BALL. J., F.R.S.

CHURCHILL. G. C. Clifton, Bristol.

CORKEVON, H., Geneva.

DEWAK, D.. Kew.

DOD. Ber. C. W.

JENKINS, E., Potter.

AMATEUR GARDENING :-

BABGEK, E. \V.

BOYLE, Hon. Mrs. E. V. B.

'• S. BRIGID."

BRIGHT, the late H. A. ("Notes

from a Lancashire Garden").
CLARKE, Col. Trevor.
EWBANK. Rev. H., Byde.
LOWNE, B. T.
OWEN, Miss, Knockmullen.
PHILBRICK, Q.C.
THOMSON, W.
WEIR, HABBISOX.

ABBORETHH :—

BARRON. W., ror-owash.
LAVAILEE, AIphon.-e, the late.
NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar-
dens, Kew.
SARGENT, Prof.. Boston. U.S.A.
WEBSTER, A. D.
YOUNG, JIaurice.

BEE-KEEPING :-

CHITTY, W.
ROBINSON, J. F.

CHEMISTRY ;-

CHURCH, Prof.. Kew.
DEHERAIN, Prof., Paris.
DY'ER. Bernard.
GILBERT, Prof., Rothamsted.
L.IWES, Sir J.. Rotham-ited.
WARIXGTON, R., Rothamsted.
WILLIS, J. J.

DISEASES OF PLANTS :-

ARTHIT!, Prof., New York.
BASTIAN, Dr. Charlton, F.R.S.
BEIJERINCK, Prof., Wageningen.
BERKELEY, Kev. M. J., F.R.S.
COBBOLD, T. S., F.R.S., the late.
COOKE, Dr. M. C.
MURRAY, G., British Mu.5«um.
PAGET, Sir James, F.K.S.
PHILIPPS, W.

PLOWEIGHT, O. B., (Fungi).
SMITH, W. G.
SORAUER. Prof., Proskau.
WARD, Prof. Marshall, School of
Forestry.

BAKER. J. G., Royal Gardens, Kew,

DRUERY, C.

HEMSLEY, A.

MOORE, T., Botanic Gardens, Chelsea.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS ;-

DEAN, R., Ealing.
DODWELL, E. S., Oiford.
D'OMBRAIN. Rev. H. H.
DOUGLAS, J., nford.
DOWN IE, J., Edinburgh.

HORNER, Kev.
MOLYNEUX. E.
PAUL, G., Paisley.
TUKNEK, C, the late.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE;—

ANDRE. E.. Pnris.
AXTOINE, F., the late. Vienna.
BENNET. H.. .M.D., SIcntoue.
BERGM-O;. E., Ferrieres.
BONAVIA, C Lucknow.
CARUEL. Prof., Florence.
CASPARY', Prof., Koenigsberg.
DE >LIR, J. A., Boston, U.S.A.
DRUDE. Prof., Dresden.
DUCHARTRE, Prof., Paris.
EICHLER, Prof., Director, Imjerial

Bot;inic Gardens, Berlin.
FENZI, Cav. E., Florence.
HANBUBY, T., Mentone.
HENRIQUEZ, Prof., Coimhra.
JOLY, C, Paris.
KOLB, Mai, Munich.
KRELAGE, E. H.. Haarlem.
LAN6E, Prof.. Copenhagen.
MEEHAN, T., Philadelphia.
MONTEIRO, Chev., Lisbon.
MORREN, the late Prof.. Liege.
NAUDIN, C, Antibes.
NELSON. C. J., Orange Free State.
OLI\'EmA, J. D.', Oporto.
OLn'ER, Captain S, P., Madagascar.
PL.ANCHON. Prof., Montpellier.
PYNAERT. E., Ghent.
KEGEL, E., St. Petersburg.
RODIGAS. E.. Ghent.
SURINGAR. Prof.. Leyden.
TROUBETZKOI, Prince (Eucalyptus).
VILMORIN, H. de, Paris.
WITTMACK, Dr., Berlin.
WOLKENSTEIN, St. Petersburg.

BRACE. C. J., France.
FR.VNCE, C. S., Aberdeen.
JUCHIE, C. Y., Cullen, Aberdeen.
WEBSTER, A. D., Carnarvonshire.

FRUIT CULTURE :-

BARRON. A. F., Chiswick.
BLACKMORE, R. D.
BUNYARD, G., Maidstone. Kent.
CHEAL, J., Crawley, Sussei,
Rn-ERS, T. F.
W-AED, E., Hewell Grange.

GARDEN BOTANY ;-

BAKER, .1. G., F.R.S.

BALFOUR, Prof.. Oxford.

BALL, J., F.R.S.

BENTHAM, the late G., F.R.S.

BROWN, N. E., Herbarium, Kew.

BURBIDGE, F. W., Botanic Garden",

Dublin.
CLABKE, Col. Trevor.
CLAKKE, C. B., F.R.S.
COOKE, Dr. (Fungi).
CORNU, Prof. Mai, Paris.
DECAISNE, the late Prof., Paris.
DE C.iNDOLLE, A., Geneva.
DY'ER, W. T. T., Director, Royal

Gardens, Kew.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J. (Lilies). [fers).

ENGELMANN, the late Dr. G. (Coni-
FRANCHET. Paris.
GRAY, Prof. Asa, Bostou, U.S.A.
HEMSLEY', W. B., Kew,
HOOKER, Sir J. D.. K.C.S.I., late

Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
JACKSON, Museum. Royal Gardens,

Kew (Economic Botany).
LEICHTLDf, Max, Baden-Baden.
JLAW. G. (Crocus). [Gardens, Kew.
MORRIS, D., Assistant Director, Royal

GARDEN BOTANY :-

NAUDIN, C, Antibes.
OLrV'ER, Prof.. F.R.S.
RIDLEY. H., British Muslim.
KOLFE, Royal Gardens, KeA'.
SMITH, W. G. (Fungi).
STEIN, Breslau Gardens.
STRICKLAN'D, Sir C.
TODARO, Baron, Palermo.
WATSON, Sereno, Boston, U.S.A.

GARDEN INSECTS :-

MACLACHLAN, R., F.R.S., Pres, Ent.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS :-

BAKR. P., Covent Garden.
CREWE. Rev. H. Harpur, the late.
DOD, Rev. C. W.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J., Cirencester.
HARTLAND, Baylor, Cork.
PERRY, Tottenham.
POTTER, W., York.
WILSON, G. F., F.K.S.

INDIA AND THE COLONIES :-

ADLAM, H., Natal.

BANCROFT. G.. M.D., Queensland.

BENNETT, O., M.D., Sydney.

BONAVIA, Dr.. N. W. P., India.

COOPER, Sir Dan,, Bart., Sydney.

DUTHIE, J. F., Saharunpore.

H/VBT, J., Jamaica.

IM THURN, Everard, British Guiana.

KING, Dr., Director, Royal Botanic

Gardens, Calcutta.
5IAC0WAN, Prof.. Cape Town
MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. V.,

Melbourne.
MURTON, H. J., Siam.
PRESTO, H., Trinidad.
SCHOMBURGK, Dr., Adelaide.
SMITH. T., New Zealand.
SYME, G., Jamaica.
TROIEN, H., Ceylon.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING :-

ANDRE, E,, Paris.
BOSCAWEN, Hon. and Rev. J. T.
BURVENICH, F., Ghent.
JACKMAN, J., Woking.
JULIAN, G. Richards.

ORCHIDS ;-

ANDERSON, J., Meadowbank.
BACKHOUSE, I., York.
BRADSHAW, A., Waddesdon Gardens,
BULL, W.
BULLEN, R., Botanic Gardens,

BUYSSON, JI. Le Comte.
CRAWSHAY, De B.
LAWRENCE, Sir Trevor, Bart., M.P.,
President, Royal Horticultural Soc.
LEE, W., Downside.
LINDEN, Lucien, Ghent.
O'BRIEN, James.
PFITZER, Prof., Heidelberg.
REICHENBACH, Prof., Hamburgh.
KIDLEY, H. N., British Museum.
SANDER, F.
SMEE, A. H.

SWAN, W., Howick House, Preston.
VEITCH. H.
WILLIAMS, B. S.
WOOLFORD, C, Don-naide.

PRACTICAL GARDENING :-

ATKINS, J.

AUSTEN, J., Willev Court Gar.len''.

BAILLn.;, W. M., Laton Hoo Gardei.s.

BAINES, T.

BAKER, G. [Oxfori'.

BAXTER. W. H., Botanic Garden:,

BLAIR, T., Shrubland Gardens.

CARJIICHAEL, A.M., Henley in Arden.

CH.4LLIS, T.

CHRISTIE, A., Warwick Castle.

COLEMAN, W., Eastnor Cast'.e

Gardens.
COOJIBER, J., The Hendre.
COOMBER, W., Regent's Park.
CROSSLING, R., St. Pagan's Castle

Gardens.
CULVERWELL, W., Thorpe Perrow.
DEAN, A. (Potatos, &c.).
DEWAR, D., Royal Gardens, Kew.
DOUGLAS, J., Great Geariei. Ilford.
DUNN, M., Dalkeith.
EARLEY'. W., Ilford.
EVANS, A., Lythe Hill Gardens.
FINDLAY, B., Manchester.
FISH, D. T., Hardwicke Gan'. ns.
FOWLER, A.. Castle I ennedy
ERASER, J., Kew. [Gardens.

GIBSON, W. M. (Town Gardening).
GRIE^'E, P., Bury St. Edmunds.
HARRIS, G., Alnwick Castle.
HEMSLEY, A. (Market Plants).
HUDSON, J. (Stove Plants).
INGRAM, W., Belvoir Gardens.
LYNCH, R. J., Botanic Gardens,

Cambridge.
MiClNDOE, J., Button Hall.
MELVILLE, D., Dunrobin Gardens.
MILES, G. T.. Wycombe Abbey

Gardens.
MILLER, W., Coombe Abbey.
MOORE, F. W., Glasnevin Botanic
O'BRIEN, T. [Garden.

RICHARDS, G. H., Someriey Gardens
ROBERTS, J., Gunnersbury.
BUST, J., Bridge Castle.
SAUL, M.. York.

SHEPPARD, J., Wolverston Gardens.
SMITH, J., Mentmore Gardens.
SMYTHE, W., Basing Park.
TEMPLE, M„ Carron House, N.B.
THOMAS, O., Chatsworth Gardens.
THOMSON, W.. Clovenford (Vinesj.
WALLIS, J., Keele Gardens.
WARD, E., Hewell Grange, Brom-sgrove.
WjIRD, H. W., Longford Castle

Gardens.
WATSON, W., Royal Gardens, Kew.
WEBSTER, J., Gordon Castle Gardens.
WILDSIHTH, W., Heckheld Gardens
WILSON, D.
WILSON, G. F. (Lilies).

BENNETT, H.

D'OJIBR.AIN, Kev. H. H.

FISH. D. T., Hardwick, Bury St.

FISHER, Rev. O. [Edmunds.

GIKDLESTON, I. W.

PAUL, G., Chesbunt.

PAUL, W., Waltham Cross.

VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY :-

BENNETT, A. W.
BOULGER, Prof.
D.ABWIN, Charles, the late.
FOSTER. Prof. Michael.
G.IEDINER. W.. Cambridge.
GLAISHER, James (Meteorology.)
HENSLO'W, Rev. G.

270

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 3, 1887.

EARLY BULBS

AT DUTCH PRICES,

To Produce Beautiful White and Coloured

Flowers for C/iristmas and

Easter Decoration,

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.

THE LARGEST BULBS OF THE YEAR.
Price, per 100, 14s, ; per dozen, 23.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Price, per 100, IDs, 6d. ; per dozen, Is. 6d.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Price, per 100, lOs. 6d. ; per dozen, Is. 6d,

VAN THOL TULIPS, Ked and Yellow.

Price, per 100, 43. 6d. ; per dozen, 9d.

I the Berm
, Easter Lily.
Price, per dozen, lOs. 6d. ; eacli, Is.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.

Price, per 100, 163. ; per dozen, 28. 6d.

Detailed CA TALOG UE Gratis and Post-free.

ALL TAKCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

DUTCH AND OTHER

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualities, at moderate prices.

Illustrated Priced CATALOGUE, containing
List of all the very best varieties of Hyacinths,
Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissi, Lilies, Snowdrops, &c.,
Post-free on application.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

HE QUEEN
SEEDSMEN,

FLORISTS'
FLOWERS,

strong transjjlanteil seedlings, from our magnificent
strains. — Post-free.

Per dozen — s d

AURICULAS, Alpine, very choice 2 (t

PRIMULAS, choicest red... i ,^ , , „ , j ( 1 "

„ „ ,vhito \ ieauffullyfringcd \ j ^

,, ,, mixed per 100 10? id I i

„ ,. ,, extra strong i 6

,, Crimson King, magnificent colonr, fine plants 3 6

,, Queen of Whites, superb variety i 6

CINERARIAS, splendid strain ... per 100 10s 6rf 1 0

CALCEOLARIAS, herbaceous, beautiful strain 2 6

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, very choice, from

stan^ llowers, mixed 1 I)

PKEMROSES, bplendid hybrids ... per 100, 10s. 6</. 1 II

POLYANTL'S, lioldliirwl, fine ... lur ion, 7s. Ci/. 1 li

DANIELS^ BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,
NORWICH.

ESTABLISHEB 1827.

L. PAILLET,

CHATENAY, SEINE,
NEAR PARIS, FRANCE,

Offers the following Plants .—

ABAUCARIA EXCELSA, nice plants from hpa^l cuttings or
grafts, 10 to 13 inches, £2 per dozen; 12 to 16 inche^i, £2
to £2 10s. per dozen; 16 to 20 inches. £2 10s. to £3 per
dozen ; 20 to 24 inches, £3 to £i per dozen.

ASPIDISTRA. 10 to 20 leaves, £1 to £1 10s. per dozen ; 20 to
30 leaves, £1 lOs. to £2 per dozen.

PHORMIUM TEN AX, 4 to 5 leaves, 2 to 2J feet high, £3 per 100 ;
5 to 7 leaves. 2J to 3 feet high, £4 per 100.

LILA.CS FOR FORCING.

CFIARLES X.. ALBA VIRlilNALIS — i.lants with 6 to 10
branches. £i to £.^ per luu ; plant.-* with 10 to 15 branches,
£5 to £6 per 100; plants with 15 to 20 branches, extra,
£6 to £3 per 100.

ROUGE DE TRIANON(RedotTrianon— new variety), with im-
mense red flower, long and large, enormous bunch, superior
to Charles X., 6 to 15 branches, £1 10s. to £2 per dozen.

J^'ote. — All these plants are cultivated in pots, and are
well set with flowers ; plants are from 20 inches to 3 feet
10 inches high.

LILAC ROUGE DE MARLY (Red of Marly), variety employed
to obtain White Lilac; sold in bunch, 3 to 5 feet, £4, £o,
to £6 per 100.

PERSICA SAUGEANA, nice bushy plants, 3 to 4 feet high,
£t to £o per 100. These Lilacs are grown in open ground,
transplanted. Well set with flower-buds.

STAPHYLEA COLCHICA, nice plants in pots, well set with
tlowers. £1 to £6 per 100; same in open ground set with
flowers. £3 to £4 per 100.

PRUNUS SINENSIS, FLORE-PLENO. in pots, £4 to£5 per 100.

PRUNUS SINENSIS. FLORE-PLENO, on small standards,
2J to 3 feet, bushy head. 20 to 30 branches, full of flower ;
transplanted, fit for pot culture and for forcing. New
article, splendid in bloom, £1 5s, to £l los. per dozen.

ROSES, own roots and grafted or budded on roots : best sorts.
Tea, Bourbon Hj-brid, 1-yr. and 2-yr. transplanted,
100,000 disposable; 25,000 Malmaison, 1-yr. and 2-yr.
transplanted. Price on application.

LILIUM LANCIFOLTUM ALBUM var. RUBRUM. goodbulbs, in
bloom now, with 3 to 6 flowers, from £2. £3. to £3 lOs. per 100.

CAMELLIAS, 2^ feet up to 3 feet, £l IOj. to £l 18s. per dozen.

NEW LILY OF THE VALLEY.

CON'VALLAKIA MAJALIS ALBA GRANDIFLORA (Fortin
variety, true). This splendid new variety has been re-
warded with a First-class Prize by the Committee of Flori-
cultureof theNationalandCentralSocietyof France. When
presented last May (1887). the Committee said: — "This
splendid variety, with its flowers and bunch, is three times
as large as the ordinary one; and will be the most useful
and mostprofitable plant for forcing florists." Price: — 1-yr.
plants. £1 per 100, £9 per 1000 ; 2-vr. plants, £l 8s. per 100,
£13 per 1000 ; 3-yr. plants, £2 per 100, £18 per 1000.
A'f?^«.— Plants of 3 years only are able to bloom this season.

P^ONIA ARBOREA — PiEONIA

SINENSIS.

special Culture. The very best and the richest collection.
r.F:ONIA ARBOREA. good ordinary sorts: 2.50 varieties.
NEW AND "V'ERY RARE VARIETIES.— 55 varieties.
CHINESE VARIETIES, introduced by Mr. Robert Fortune;

34 varieties.
JAPANESE VARIETIES, brought over by Japanese growers
to the Paris Exhibition, in 1878; 8 varieties. Disposable
by hundreds and thousands, 1, 2. and 3-yr. old; middle-
sized plants, 3 to 6 years old ; strong plants, 6 to 8 years ;
estra large specimen, 8 to 15 years old.

All the Plants cultivated in pots.
P.EONIA SINENSIS— good ordinary sorts. 230 varieties; new
and choice sorts, 26 varieties; very new and very rare sorts,
22 varieties. Disposable in plants, 1, 2. and 3 years old.

Special CATALOGUES of Pmonies. printed in English,
containing List of Varieties with their description and
price, will be sent on application.
^- CATALOGUES, Printed in English, con-
taining Fruit Trees, Fruit Tree Stocks, Poses,
Pose Stocks, and others, will be sent on application.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well knoAvn to require descrip-
tion. Price, 65. per bushel {\s. extra
per bushel for package), or 6rf. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages aua printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N.

NARGISS AND ALL OTHER BULBS.

Priced CATALOGUE of our unequalled
stock Post-free on application.

"James Dickson & Sons"

108 EASTGATE ST. \
'NEWTON' nurseries) "'^'''"^'^^'

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

I have pleasure in announcing that the
NEW BULB CATALOGUE, in two parts, ia
now ready, and is perhaps the most complete
Bulb Catalogue ever published — no Hardy or
Forcing Bulb claiming any real usefulness is
omitted ; the Catalogue is Illustrated with
several IS^ew Engravings. Copies may be had
upon application.

NARCISSUS and DAFFODILS,

for which the Tottenham House has a world-
wide reputation amongst both Trade and Retail
Buyers, occupy a considerable portion of this
Catalogue — including an almost innumerable
niunber of forms from the old popular garden
sorts to the most modern hybrids, as well as
many newly discovered varieties. It is necessary
that Orders for these should reach me early,
as the demand is very great.

LILIES.

It is scarcely necessary to remind readers
of this Journal that I have one of the finest
Collections in the country, and this portion of the
Catalogue will be found of special interest to all
who delight in any of the many and very varied
forms of this interesting family. This section is
embellished with many high-class Engravings,
now introduced for the first time; and these,
although naturally much reduced, give a most
correct idea of the style both of growth and
flower, of the Lilies they illustrate.

DUTCH BULBS

have not been neglected in this New Catalogue,
and most complete collections of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, kc, occupy several pages.
All the varieties offered are tried sorts, and the
prices in many cases unusually low.

FORCING BULBS

will be found fully detailed at competitive prices,
including ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER
WHITE NARCISSUS, LILY of the VALLEY,
SPIRAEAS, TUBEROSES, &c.

IRIS

in endless variety. Very extensive collections of
English, Spanish, Siberian, German, Japanese,
and other forms : my collection of these is very
complete.

CALIFORNIAN, CAPE, AND

MEXICAN BULBS.

Very extensive Lists of these, including
CALOCHORTUS and CYCLOBOTHRA,
AMARYLLIS, MILLAS, NERIXES, &c.

HELLEBORES.

A very grand Collection, in many showy use-
ful varieties. All fine home-grown stuff.

Catalogue may he had gratuitously and
post-free upon application.

Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

Septembeh 3, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE.

271

SUTTON'S DUTCH
BULBS

At Moderate Prices,

SUTTON'S HYACINTHS.

" The Hyaciiitlis from Messrs. Sutton have been
most beautiful, the best flowers Mrs. Ashby ever
had."— J/r5. ASHBY, Siai?ies.

SUTTON'S NARCISSI.

"The bulbs, consisting of choice named Hya-
cinths, Narcissi, &c., have turned out very satis-
factory, Hyacinths especiallyso; and my employer
is verj' pleased with the colours." — Mr. A.
BABBITTS, Gardener to G. F. Appach, Esq.,
Camdai Lndge.

SUTTON'S TULIPS.

"At the Spring Show of the Preston and Ful-
wood Floral and Horticultural Society, I obtained
First Prizes in all the Tulip Classes, with bulbs
from your firm."— J/r. /. B. DIJiOA'. Preston.

SUTTON'S CROCUSES.

"The 4000 Yellow Crocuses received from you
have turned out quite a successon curia wn, where
we planted them. They were simply splendid
when in full flower, and the individual blooms
were very fine."— A/r. A. HABBITTS, Garde/ter
to G. F. Appach, Esq., Camden Lodge.

For full particulars, ppc-

SUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

Beautifully Illustrated with a Handsome Coloured
Plate and numerous Engravings, and containing full
Cultural Instructions.

Gratis and Post-free to intendinrj Purchasers of Bulbs.

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DiRECT FROM READING.

WILLIAMS'

BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING.

Well ripened and heavy Bulbs of

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Early White, from o to b\ inches in circumference,
15s. per 100, 25. per doz.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS,

from 5 to 6 inches in circumference, 85. per 100, Is. 6d.
per doz.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,

from 5 to 6j inches in circumference, Ss. per IW, is. 6rf.
per doz.

L I L I U M

C A N D I D U M,

Pure White, extra strong, 205. per 100, 35. per doz.

EARLY ORDERS SOLICITED.

Illustrated Bulb Catalogue

B. S. WILLIAMS,

victoria and Paradise Nvirserles,

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Koots, 45. p'^r 100. Plants in small pots. ^6s. per 100;

ditto in large pots, 25.';. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymen ami Seed

Merchants. Worcester.

lER^EYFRUIT TREES.

W Lm I % \^ ki ■ Carriage Paid. Cordons a specialite.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORNU
AND SON, High View Nurseries, who will send, carriage
paid for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 218.
Early orders secure extra strong plants.

Kent, the Garden of England.

GEO.BUNYARD&CO.

The Old Nurseries,
MAIDSTONE, KENT,

Beg to call attention to their Superb Stock of

400,000

FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES,

which embraces

800 Kinds True to Name,

remarkable for culture and extent.

An Inspection is Solicited. There are fre-
quent trains by South-Eastern and Chatham and
Dover Eailways from London ; and Harming
Station, on the latter, is in the great Fruit Tree
Nursery.

The NUW CATALOGUE— wJiich
is fully Illustrated and Descriptive —
free for 6 stamps; Gratis to Purchasers.

The Trees are trained in all forms
suitable for the Market Grower, or
for Garden Cultm-e, and there are
thousands of Fruiting Trees in stock,
Cordons, &c.

There are also 40 Acres of

FOREST TREES, CONIFERS, EVERGREENS,
AND FLOWERING STUFF;

and intending Planters would find
this department well worth theii;
attention, as the stuif is remarkable
for fibrous roots. Catalogues gratis.

ROSES are well grown,

and both Teas and H.P.'s are fully
ripened and well-rooted. New List free.

Liberal Terms for Carriage, Package, and
Discount. Distance no object.

Established 1796.

GEORGE BUNYARD & GO.,

MAIDSTONE, KENT.

T

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.
KB GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

Vol. 1., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE. 1887.
W. KICHABDS, 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

NEW EDITION,
Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price Sd., Post-free S^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,
London, W.C.

THE

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1887.

A MONTH AT THE CAPE.

IN January of this year I was advised, owing
to failing health, to take a run to the
Cape. I landed at Port Elizabeth in the last
week of February, and spent a month in looking
about various places of interest in the colony.
As I had opportunities for examining the plants,
Ijoth native and cultivated, in the neighbourhood
of the towns I visited, some of my notes may be
interesting horticulturally. The flora of South
Africa is peculiarly rich in beautiful plants,
though many of them are difficult to manage,
owing partly to our ignorance of their real
wants, and partly also to our inability to supply
some essential conditions even when known.
There are one or two important points connected
with the culti\ation of Cape plants, and the
first of these is in relation to the wet and dry
seasons. Cape Town itself is situated in a long
stretch of coast country from Olifant's River on
the west to a little below Port Elizabeth
on the east. The whole of this district is cha-
racterised by a summer of drought, the
months from January to May being usually
very dry. (Of course January at the Cape
corresponds with our July.) About two-thirds
of the whole rainfall occurs during May,
June, July, and August. When I was in Cape
Town in March there had been no rain
for more than six weeks. The consequence of
this is that vegetation generally is at rest during
the hot weather, and springs into active growth
with the return of the winter rains. The flower-
ing season is from May on through winter, till
the return of summer, the winter temperature
being high enough, with the aid of the rains, to
arouse the plants from their summer sleep. It is
evident that plants which rest during the fierce
dry heat of the Cape, making their growth in
the cool season, find the treatment we generally
give them the reverse of what they eaijoyed in a
state of Nature. In England we force our plants
to rest in winter, when we ha%e little light, and
make them grow in smnnier, when the conditionsi

272

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembee 3, 1887.

are most favourable ; but this treatment simply
kills many Cape plants. In May with us such
plants as Ixia, Sparaxis, Watsonia, Gladiohis, kc,
are in full flower ; they also flower in or about
the month of May at the Cape. In the one case
summer is approaching, in the other it is just
ended.

In the eastern division of the colony, viz., from
Port Elizabeth to Natal and onwards, the rains
come with the summer, and the country during
hot weather looks more like our own. Large
tracts of Acacia bush, &c., and grassy downs
stretch for miles, and thick forests block the
kloofs and valleys, so that the country looks
brighter and healthier in summer than it does
around Cape Town in the same season. Whilst
vegetation is either at rest or suffering from
drought in the latter region, in the former it has
all the appearance of a well watered country, and
everything looks green and beautiful.

That the differences between these two divisions
are important to gardeners is shown by the
conduct of the plants of the one region when
cultivated in the other. In the Botanic Gardens
at Cape Town many of the plants from the
Eastern region could not be kept in health,
whilst the beautiful bulbous plants, Ericas, &c.,
peculiar to the Cape Town region, are absent
from the botanical and other gardens along the
East. Some plants are of course common to
both divisions, as, for instance. Erica cerinthoides,
Richardia af ricana, Protea cynaroides, and Suther-
Undia frutescens. I was surprised to find that the
Silver Tree (Leucadendron argenteum), which is
so plentiful on the hills about Cape Town, does
not thrive any better in the Botanical Gardens
there than with us, whilst in the gardens of
King William's Town, Port Elizabeth, and
Grahamstown it does not thrive at all.

Grahamstown, where I stayed over a fortnight,
is inland, about 100 miles from Port Elizabeth,
and 40 miles from Port Alfred. Of the towns
I visited it is by far the prettiest and pleasantest.
It is the metropolis of the Eastern district, and
the most English town in the colony. Its streets
are broad, well made, and well shaded with large
handsome trees, principally Eucalypti. Villa
gardening is quite an art, almost every house
and cottage having its plot of flowers and foliage.
In addition to a fine cathedral and town hall it
boasts a well-managed hospital and asylum, a
museum, public library, a naturalist's society,
and beautiful botanic gardens. The streets and
roads are all ups and downs, the town being on
a cluster of hills, and this adds considerably to
the beauty of the place. It is a favourite health
resort ; population about 8000, mostly English.
The country about Grahamstown is exceedingly
beautiful, and teems with objects of interest,
both animal and vegetaljle. Hills, mountains,
valleys, plains were all covered with a rich vege-
tation, for the rainfall here is both regular and
frequent. I was told that in no part of South
Africa is there a richer, healthier-looking
country than about Grahamstown. During my
stay there we had no less than five wet days,
whilst the heat was always great, though not
oppressive.

A ride of a few miles out of the town in any
direction brought one to the haunts of hosts of
beautiful and interesting plants, and even within
the limits of the town itself there were plenty of
objects of interest to an English gardener. I
made several planned excursions, mostly in the
company of Mr. A. Galpin, who had piloted Miss
North when painting in Grahamstown a few
years before. There are no restrictions here in
respect of downs, hills, or forests, and one is free
to go where he pleases, and collect as he likes.

There are few roads, and these frightfully bad
ones ; no fences, except perhaps a wire surround-
ing an ostrich farm. 1 said no restrictions, but
there is one with respect to the Secretary Bird,
which is so interesting in its habits, that perhaps
I may be allowed to say a word or two about it
here. He is related to our English harrier, but
much taller, his length being about 3 feet. The
name Secretary Bird is derived from the long
feathers which project like quill-pens on each
side of the head. The plumage is grey, and the
legs long and very strong. Snakes are the prin-
cipal food of these birds, and we frequently met
with them stalking along silently through the
long grass, head on one side, looking for their
prey. When a snake is surprised by a Secretary
Bird he assumes a defensive attitude, curling him-
self and rearing his head in readiness to strike. The
bird runs round the snake, striking him with his
powerful feet or beak, and cleverly warding off
the attacks of the snake with his strong wings,
flapping just as a pigeon does. At length a well-
timed blow disables the snake, when he is at once
seized by the bird and carried up to a great height,
and then dropped, the bird following and dining
on the crushed body on the ground. This de-
stroyer of venomous snakes is encouraged and
protected in South Africa, and tame ones are not
uncommon there. As a rule, the snakes do not
trouble one unless trod upon or injured in some
way, but they are so plentiful in some parts that
one may easily put his foot on one without
knowing it. W. Watson, Keic.
(To be continued.)

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CYPRIPEDIUM LAWKENCEANUM (Rchb. /.)
COLORATUM, 7t. var.
Among the numerous flowers of this excellent
species, which came in my hand from Mr. Wm.
Bull, there appears now a novelty. It is very dis-
tinct, by its median sepal not being very retuse, but
very markedly acute, which gives it an extraordinary
shape. The very broad dark nerves have the inter-
stices tinted with light mauve colour, and the warts on
the petals are numerous and strong. Artificially one
might call it a species, but I do not think it advisable
to do so, there being the same essential characters in
both. The Bower is of quite uncommon dimensions,
yet not equal to those of the giant represented in
the last volume, p. 315, fig. 64. H. G. Rchh.f.

AiiniDES ODOEATCM {Lour.) BiRMANietjM, n. var.

This was kindly sent me by Messrs. H. Low
& Go. It was collected by Mr. Boxall in Burmah, who
wrote that the leaves were like those of Aiirides
virens, Lindl. This is decidedly so, but the chief
characteristic of this species, at the spur's mouth, is
not to be found. It has smaller flowers than Aiirides
odoratum, and in lieu of a blotch outside the lateral
sepals at the top there is a light purple line. The mid-
laciniaof the lip is purple, very narrow, with a few teeth
at the margin, and an apicular side lacinia, quite as
in the common Aerides odoratum. Spur green at the
top, with some small purple lines above. Column
washed with light purple in front. H. G. Uchli.f.

Cymuidium ensifolium {Suo.) vAn. esteiatum, Limll.,
Sot. Reg., 1976.
Mr. B. S. 'Williams has sent me a very good speci-
men of this variety, imported from Assam. Its
bulbs are exceedingly hard, shining, dark green, with
darker spots. The leaf is far longer than a foot, very
narrow (three lines broad), very cartilaginous,
mottled with some scattered dark spots. The flowers
have their segments very narrow, sepals green with
a few red lines, petals white with some purple lines.
Lip white, mid-lacinia yellow with a few brown spots.
Column white, with purple blotches in front.

I have several living plants of the common Cym-
bidium ensifolium, Sw., at my side, which show
broader and shorter, and not such hard leaves. A
wild Assamese specimen has the same narrow leaf
and the bracts of aa abnormal length, even surpas-
sing the flower.

This is so decidedly a marked variety in the
breadth of the leaves, that 1 would not attri-
bute great value to this alone. Even the living
plants at my side shows a great variation in the
breadth of the leaves. All the leaves, however, have
that remarkable serrature towards the apex at their
borders. H. G.Rchb.f.

Peristesia sellioeea, ». sp,*
This looks so much like Peristeiia pendula. Hook.,
that 1 thought it was that species before I saw the
inner organs. The flowers have nearly the same
colour, the epichile being perhaps more yellow. It
may be distinguished at once by its armless column,
on which account it comes near Peristeria cerina,
Lindl. It has, however, a saddle-like callus, with
deep argute margins covering the whole disc ; it is,
therefore, quite distinct. It was kindly sent me by
Mr. W. Bull, who informs me he received it from
Uemerara. H. G. Rchb.f.

Catasetcm fimbiatom {Lindl.) viridulcm, var.
This is a fine and strong variety of the old Cata-
setum fimbriatura, Lindl. The fimbria; of the lip
are as sliort as those in the representation of Pro-
fessor Morren (see also Lindley in Paxton's Fhmcr
Garden, p. 124, xyl. 84), and the callosity of the lip,
in lieu of being conical, is depressed, rather obscure.
The sepals and petals are green, with numerous
reddish-purple spots. There are some small purple
spots on the base of the inside and outside, and very
numerous on the light greenish-white column. I
had connecting links between the typical plant and
this from Mr. W. Lee in November, 1886, and
from my late friend, Mr. Liiddemann, June, 1880. It
was imported from EoraimabyMr. F. Sander, H. G.
Rchb.f.

LEYSWOOD, GROOMBRIDGE.

We have it on the highest authority that he is a
wise man who builds his house upon a rock ; not
every wise man, however, gets a rock to build on.
By a happy combination of good fortune and wisdom,
Mr. J. W. Temple has placed his dwelling
on the very summit of one in the pleasant neigh-
bourhood of Tunbridge Wells, and at an elevation of
about 420 feet above the sea-level. Wherever a view
of it comes in it presents a fine and unusual sight,
solidly seated as it is on the bare rock, which rises
up almost perpendicularly on one side. On attaining
tire summit, the advantage of such a situation, both
in the near and far view, is rendered apparent, the
beauty of the garden below, as well as of the
many fine views of the large expanse of country
around being rendered most pleasing by being
viewed from such an elevated position. From it
the view across the pinetuni shows in their best
aspect the tall pillar-like specimens of Liboeedrus
decurrens, the gigantic pyramids of Wellingtonias,
the graceful Abies, the compact Cupressus, and the
many other rare Conifers and shrubs with which
the garden is enriched. The large clumps of
Rhododendrons, too, out of which rise the heavily
flowered heads of the Lilium auraturas, which thrive
so well here, form very prominent features in the
scene in every direction ; and from the high ground
even more plainly than when in the garden itself, it
will be noticed tliat, altliough the place is well
supplied with walks— and well kept ones, too — they
are so well arranged that little of them is seen
in any of the views. But first to turn our atten-

* Peristeria selligera, u. sp.— A£f. Periatente cerinee, Lindl.,
hypochilii lacinii3 triangulis, disco valde incrassato utrinque
argute m:irginato, hinc sellrptorrai, epichilio articulato
obiongo-ligulato revoluto ; columua ebrachiata ; sepalia basin
Usque liberis.— Fiores pallide ochracei guttatis striatisque
atropurpureis innumeris. Epichilium intenBius flavum. H. G.
Bchb. f.

I

SEPTEJtBER 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

273

tion to the rocks, which are the grand features
in Leyswood. In character they are massive, rugged,
and sparsely clad with the Heath, Ivy, and other
original occupants of the position, among which Rho-
dodendrons are planted, and young Scotch Firs rise
in various heights and forms according to their
success in searching out nourishment in the deep
chinks beneath them. Among the rocks around
the mansion, and sloping down to the garden, the
natural clefts and passages have been developed into
a perfect labyrinth, the walks being often between
perpendicular rocks on either side, rising to a heiglit
of 30 feet, and delightfully cool, their moist sides
being here and there covered with little Rhodo-
dendrons, Ferns, and other plants which have
sprung from the seeds shed from the plants flowering
above. Here and there water presents itself and
an occasional rustic bridge, thrown over a chasm
intercepting the walk, renders the rocks as developed
at Leyswood one of the most beautiful features we
have seen in any garden. On the courtyard side,
where a great variet)' of creepers are festooned, the
natural rock is utilised as a tropical fernery, planted
with Tree Ferns, Cyathea medullaris, Todeas, Triclio-
manes and otiier Filmy Ferns, and great masses of
coloured foliage Begonias ; here the tall thin stems
of Dicksonia squarrosa, and the feathery foliage ot
the ^ephrolepis form beautiful objects.

Between tlie tropical rockery and the drawing-room
entrance is a lofty dry conservatory for flowering
plants, which acts in the double capacity of a pleasant
place in which the flowers of the season may be
seen, and as a protection against the damp which
naturally rises in the fernery.

The extensive pleasure-grounds contain good
examples of every branch of gardening, the Lilies
being especially prominent. In one place we came
across a fine sweep of grass with border on each side,
planted with herbaceous and other plants, something
like a pattern being maintained by a broad and
glowing band of Phloxes down each border and
some gi-and examples of Lilium auratum 6 feet in
height ; in another nook we found a few good
examples of carpet-bedding, and further on a grand
piece of colour in a compact flower garden, in which
the principal beds were double Pelargoniums, which
have flowered well this year, the most effective beds
being Guillion Mangielli, Madame Thibaut, and Agera-
tum Pearl — a lovely dwarf blue. Here and there her-
baceous and alpine plants are planted, which are
bright with the usual summer things so useful where
cut flowers are required, and among which the
Riccarton Fuchsia is very effective.

The Glass-houses.

The plant-houses fonn a fine block, built on a good
plan on a raised terrace convenient to but not in
sight of the house. They are chiefly 20 feet
wide spans, and something of everytliing is well
grown in them, but the chief culture may be said to
be the Orchids. With these considerable success has
been attained with the cool house and intermediate
kinds, especially. Cattleyas and La:lias are prime
favourites, and while some grand specimens of Lcelia
elegans, Cattleya Skinneri and other favourite kinds
appear, some of them with twenty or thirty flower-
sheaths, and all in splendid health, the newer
kinds are represented by the hundred — for ex-
ample the pretty Cattleya LawTenceana, C. Bow-
ringiana, C. Gaskelliana, &c., of which there are
large batches.

In the fine intermediate-house great promise of
bloom is to be seen ; among others, Lieliasuperbiens,
and many white and red L, anceps, sending up spikes
strongly ; at present in flower being some good
Cattlej'a Gaskelliana, a splendid mass of C. Ac-
landioe, a well-flowered Oncidium leucochilum, 0.
Wentworthianum, and other Oncidiums ; Ltclia
elegans varieties, Zygopetalum Gantieri, Epiden-
drum nemorale, some very fine Cattleya gigas, and C,
speciosissimum ; also some well-flowered specimens
of the handsome Stanhopea Wardii.

Separate houses are devoted to Odontoglossnms
(0. llan-yanum and many others in bloom or bud;
Dendrobes, Aerides, &c., and each class of Orchids

usually grown together, all of which show the healthy
progress they have made by the improvement in
their growtlis each year. The Dendrobes are espe-
cially fine, and as some of the D. Dalhousieanuni
have attained a height of about 5 feet it is diflicult
to imagine much room for improvement.

{Jne of the plant-houses contains Camellias and
Ericas growing together, the pillars being finely fur-
nished by great trees of scarlet and of white Brug-
mansia, which fill the whole garden with thtir
fragrance in the evening ; another fine tuberous
Begonias and Celosias ; a third with Azaleas, &c. ; a
fourth contains Eucharis, Stephanotis, Gardenias,
and Tuberoses ; another Roses ; several have grand
exhibition stove and greenhouse plants, Ferns,
Cycads, and Palms, with many fine things, such as
AUamandas in bloom.

Others are filled with various plants in flower,
wanted either for decoration or cutting ; while the
pits outside contain good crops of Bouvardias,
Poinsettias, &c., for succession in autumn and
winter, for wliicli purpose, too, a grand lot of Chry-
santhemums are here cultivated quite up to the best
exhibition standard.

The fruit-houses are very extensive, long ranges
being devoted to Vines. All of them have cropped
heavily, the quality of the produce being very flne,
if we may judge by the Muscats, Black Hamburghs,
and others still hanging. The Melons, Cucumbers,
Poaches, Nectarines and other fruits are in splendid
crop, the long glass-covered walls of Peaches and
Nectarines especially presenting a very fine sight, so
evenly are the fine fruits distributed among the clean
healthy foliage on which no trace of red-spider can
be seen, and that is saying much this dry season.

For the rest of the garden we can only say that the
kitchen garden is as it should be, neat and in perfect
keeping with the rest of the establishment ; the
large plantations of fruits well kept and in fine bear-
ing, the Pears on the walls being magnificent. In
fine, everything about Leyswood Gardens points to
an appreciative o^vner not grudging of capital and
skilled labour admirably directed by a clever and
competent gardener delighting in his profession, for
such we are sure is Mr. T. C. Moorhouse.

KEW NOTES.

LAGEnsTKoMiA iNDici. — There are several varieties
of this beautiful stove shrub in gardens, the best of
them being that called elegans, which is grown most
successfully by Mr. Ross, the gardener at Pendell Court,
Bletchingly. The ordinary form is that now to be
seen flowering in the Water Lily-house at Kew, where
it is planted in a shallow bed of soil near the door, so
that it gets plenty of fresh air, and is easily rested in
winter. The flowers are delicate rose, and they are
arranged thickly in upright Lilac-like racemes on
the ends of the branches, so that they have the
appearance of bunches of pink Lilac. Of course the
structure of the flowers is very different from that of
Lilac, the petals being nearly 1 inch broad, with
crimped edges, whilst the base is narrowed to a thin
stalk-like claw. Although usually grown in stoves,
this plant may be satisfactorily managed in a warm
greenhouse, all it requires being a sunny position,
and to be planted in a well-drained bed of rich loamy
soil, where it can be watered liberally in summer,
and kept dry at the roots in winter. It should be
pmned in spring.

NELUjrniuM i.nTEmi.
"The Queen of American Water-Lilies," as this
yellow-flowered North American species is called, is
apparently a shy bloomer under cultivation in
English plant-houses. It has flowered in several
gardens here within the last four years, notably at
Cambridge and Kew, but it does not make anything
like as fine a display as it is said to do in its native
liaunts, or even in some parts of France, where it
grows in ponds out-of-doors. A plant in the
Water Lily-house at Kew has produced four flowers
recently. It is nearly as large as that of its better
known and much more floriferous brother, N. specio-

sum, the colour of the petals being creamy-yellow.
Such a summer as we had lately would have
suited this and otlier tender aquatics had they been
planted in tanks or ponds out-of-doors, but we did
not anticipate a tropical summer after a winter pro-
longed almost into the summer months. Nelumbium
speciosum is also flowering at Kew, and one of the
plants is of an exceptionally deep colour.

GocBDS AT Kew.
The collection of tropical Cucurbits, which during
the last few years has been made an attractive feature
in the Water Lily-house at Kew, is now assuming a
picturesque appearance, the Snake-bottle, Luflfa-lufTa,
Sikkim Musk, and warty-fruited kinds being all
represented by fruiting plants. In addition to these
there is also a collection of Gourds which may be
grown out-of-doors ; these are planted on an open
space near the Temperate-house. This collection
comprises about fifty sorts, and many of them are
most extraordinary in shape and in manner of
coloration. There are the Squashes and Custards,
and Pumpkins and Turbans, and Crook-necks and
Clubs, with many others known only in England
through museum models or pictures, but grown in
France and elsewhere for table use. Some of the
kinds, such as, for instance, the Colocynths, known as
Orange, white-striped, warty, striped Pear, ringed
Pear, &c., are most beautifully marked, and would
create a sensation if grown on trellises, so that their
fruits could be easily seen. In the Berlin Botanic
Garden there is a large space devoted to Cucurbits,
which are trained up long poles and festooned from
one to the other, and the effect made when the fruits
are at their best is very fine. But in Berlin they
usually get such a summer, at least as regards
warmth, as this present one of ours. The kind of
thing gardeners have to be prepared for here is
something like what has happened lately, viz., a
temperature in the shade on the 7th August of
8G° and one of 35° in the morning of the 14th. Can
anything be much worse for tender plants out-of-
doors than this ? D.

GlADIOLCS APEANTIACtlS.

Tills is another species of Gladiolus recently
received from Jlr. Adlam, Natal, and recently flowering
in the Cape-house at Kew. It produces an erect
scape 3 feet high, and bears twelve flowers, each of
them 3 inches long, including the segments. The
tube is naiTow, gradually widening upwards till it
spreads into a limb of six divisions, all reflexed, the
three upper twice as large as the lower ; colour
yellow, thickly covered with orange-red dust-like
spots. Filaments yellow, the same length as the
3-rayed orange-coloured stigraa. Among true species
of Gladioli this must take rank as a han Isome one,
but by the side of the richly-coloured, large-flowered
garden kinds it is not of much account. W.

Greenhouse Hibiscuses.
Although usually grown as stove plants, the forms
of H. rosa-sinensis may be treated satisfactorily in an
ordinary greenhouse, requiring only a little extra
warmth during winter. An unusual variety, having
large yellow flowers, is now in flower at Kew ; it was
introduced by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and is
app.arently unnamed. But the plants to which it is
intended here to call particular attention are two
species of Hibiscus, now in flower in the Temperate-
house at Kew, viz., H. coccineus and H. cisplatanus.
The former is figured as H. speciosus in Bot. Mag.^
t. 3li0 (1797), where it is stated that " those who
admire Nature's clocks more than her watches, will
view with pleasure our representation of this very
superb species of Hibiscus, a native of Carolina, and
cultivated here by Dr. John Fothergill in 1778.''
The plant has a stout perennial rootstock, from
which annual herbaceous smooth stems are thrown
up to a height of 0 feet or more, and clothed with
hemp-like leaves, from the axils of which on the
upper portion of the stems the large flowers appear
about August. These are 6 inches across, almost
flat, the five broad obovate petals standing quite clear
of each other: thev are brilliant crimson in colour.

274

TSE GAliDENEBS' CBl^ONICLE.

[Sepi'emelti 3, 1887.

as also is the stamiaal column. In the warmer parts
of England this plant should prove a valuable hardy-
border plant, as it would probably thrive under the
same treatment as answers for Hollyhocks. 11. cis-
platanus is also herbaceous stemmed, erect, stout,
4 feet high, the leaves somewhat various in shape,
generally lanceolate, or slightly three-lobed, the
whole plant being covered with gi-een hisjiid hairs.
The flowers are similar in shape to those of the
common H. syriacus, the five overlapping petals
forming a cup 2} inches deep and wide ; their colour
is pale mauve, with a blotch of deep crimson at the
base of each petal. The large stigma also is deep
crimson. The Kew plant is one of the Joad collec-
tion, where it was named H. spinulosus. W.

XANTHOCERAS SORBIFOLIA.

The desire to place before our readers illustrations
and descriptions of "new plants "as soon as they appear
is attended with some drawbacks. One of the principal
of these lies in the circumstance that the plant itself
is at first seen only by a vei"y limited number of
persons, and that in many cases it takes years before
the gardening public in general becomes acquainted
with it. Such is the case with the very beautiful hardy
shrub of which we give a figure at p. 273 (fig. 65). It
was originally introduced in 1868 from Mongolia by
the Abb^ David, was figured in Van Houtte's Flore
des Serves, in the Ecviie Horticolc, the Garden, the
Botanical Magazine, and by ourselves, on April 29,
1876. Now, after ten years or more, if we may judge
from the inquiries which reach us, the plant is at length
becoming known, and in order the better to secure
due recognition for so handsome a shrub we think it
advisable to reproduce the ilhistration given ten
years ago, together with the Pavia-like fruits which
have been sent us from one or two correspondents
(fig. 61).

The character we gave of it years ago, as
a hardy shrub, free-flowering, and easy to force, has
been maintained, so that we can but renew our recom-
mendations in its favour. The flowers are white,
with a purplish eye, and have in their interior five
yellow horns, whence the name.

Scotland.

ROYAL HOKTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF
ABERDEEN.

A MEETING of the directors of this Society was
held on Wednesday evening, the 24th ult.. Councillor
Lyon presiding. The Chairman announced that,
owing to the success of the summer show, the
Society was now free from debt, and that there was
a surplus on hand. It was resolved that the
autumn e.\hibition should be held on September
16 and 17, and a deputation was appointed to wait
on Lord Provost Henderson, of Aberdeen, to re-
quest that the show might be held in the Aberdeen
Art Gallery.

The deputation waited on the Lord Provost on
Thursday, the 25th ult., and a meeting of the Gal-
lery Committee of the Aberdeen Town Council is to
be called to consider the application.

Excursion of the Scottish Alpine Botanical
Club to Norway.

The Scottish Alpine Botanical Club was instituted
at Killin, in 1870, and " the object of the Club is to
investigate the alpine flora of Scotland." This year
it was agreed to visit Norway, partly for the
purpose of examining the flora of the llardanger
district of Norway, and specially for the purpose of
contrasting the flora of Scandinavia with that of the
Scottish Highlands.

On ^Vednesday, August 10, the members of the
Club (including Professor Dickson, President ; Mr.
Lindsay, Curator, Royal Botanic Garden ; Mr. Potts,
of Fettes Mount), accompanied by Professor Trail,
Aberdeen ; Professor Bower, Glasgow ; Professor

D'Arcy Thompson, Dundee, and others, made their
way to Norway.

Odde, on the llardanger Fjord, was reached early
on the morning of Friday, August 12, and the Club
spent the day botanising the neighbourhood of the
far-famed Buarbroe glacier, one of the largest
masses of snow and ice in Norway. We were suc-
cessful in finding many rare alpine plants not found
in Britain, and some plants were seen in great pro-
fusion which are very rare in Scotland. Among the
plants collected may be mentioned Linn;ca borealis,
a beautiful trailing shrub ; this plant was Ibund in
great profusion everywhere ; in Britain it is very
rare. Carum carui, common Caraway, appears to be
very common in the parts of Norway visited by the
Club, whilst in Britain it is only a naturalised plant.
Actjca spicata, Baneberry, was gathered in con-
siderable abundance, and in fine fruit ; this plant in
Britain is very local, and is only truly native in
Northern England. Convallaria majalis, common

properties ; Alnus incana, which supplants the A.
glutinosa in this part of Norway. The two principal
Ferns collected were Woodsia ilvensis and Struthi-
opteris germanica, the Ostrich Fern. Both were seen
in abundance. The first is one of the rarest of
British Ferns, and the second is not found in Britain.

Saturday, 13th, was spent at Eide, a small village
on another branch of the Hardanger Fjord. Here, in
addition to many of the plants coll iCtcd on the previous
day, we found Ranunculus reptans. Nasturtium amphi-
bium, Arabis perfoliata, Subularia aquatica, Tilia
parvifolia, Impatiens Noli-me-tangere, Rhamnus
frangula, Sedum album, Drosera rotundifolia, Circaja
alpina, Arctium Lappa, Pyrola minor, Origanum
vulgare, Calaraintha clinopodium, Scutellaria galeri-
culata, Lysimachia vulgaris, Paris quadrifolia, Mai-
anthemum bifolium (two-leaved JIayflower), Asple-
nium septentrionale.

Monday, 15th. — We visited the far-famed Verings-
fos, reputed as the grandest waterfall in Norway, if

Fig. 64. — xanthoceius soRniFOLiA fbuit.

Lily of the Valley, was seen in considerable abundance
growing on rocks near the region of perpetual snow.
Among other British plants observed may be men-
tioned Rubus saxatilis, Alchemilla alpina, Saxifraga
oppositifolia, S. nivalis, S. stellaris, S. rivularis, S.
aizoides and var. aurantiaca, and S. caispitosa, the
rarest of all our British Saxifrages ; Sedum rhodiola,
S. acre, Epilobiura angustifolium, E. alsinifolium, E.
alpinum, Cornus suecica, in fine fruit ; Galium boreale,
Scabiosa columbaria. Campanula latifolia, Vaccinium
Vitis-Idrea, V. uliginosum, Bartsia alpina, Trientalis
europaa, various species of Salix, besides Caricesand
grasses. The following plants, not British, were
gathered; — Ranunculus aconitifolius, the double
form of which has been for long cultivated in our
gardens under the name of Bachelor's Buttons ;
Silene nipestris, Saxifraga Cotyledon, an exceedingly
handsome plant, and one of the commonest of Nor-
wegian Saxifrages ; Sedum annuum, Carduus canus
(this appears to be the common Thistle in Norway),
Erigeron acre, Gentiana purpurea, whose root
resembles the officinal Gentian, and has similar

not in Europe. The volume of water is large, and it
makes a direct fall of 300 feet. On the way up the
glen we gathered many of the rare alpines already
mentioned, and in addition, Aconitum septentrionale,
a large, beautiful Aconite, which in some parts of
Norway is very abundant; Arabis petraja, Silene
acaulis, Cerastium alpinum. Astragalus oroboides,
Carduus arvensis var. setosus, Mulgedium alpinum,
Pyrola secunda, Verbascum nigrum, Calamintha
Acinos, Polygonum tartaricum, Goodyera repens,
Luzula spicata, Poa glauca, &c.

Tuesday, 16th.~We visited to-day the Semodal,
" a gloomy gorge of wild grandeur," in which are
some very grand waterfalls. After an hour's sail up
the short branch of the fjord we landed at Sa;d, and
for some miles had a fine road, and afterwards a
rugged footpath. This glen was the richest in rare
alpine plants visited by the Club, not only on account
of the number of the species, but also the luxuriance
and number of these rare plants. We gathered all
the rare alpine plants found on the previous days,
and in addition saw Arabis alpina, Silene maritime.

September 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CUB ONI CLE.

275

M-.,IV ''•Ww---

Wl

Fis. 65. — SANTHOceRAs sorbifolu : itaedy sBitcn : flowkks white with a pukple eye. (see p. 274.)

276

THE GAIiDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeh 3, 1887.

Fragaria collina, Saxifraga cernua (a Saxifrage
found in Britain only on the summit of Ben Lawers),
Adoxa ^loschatellina, Erigeron alpinum, Tanacetura
vulgare, Gnaphalium norvegicum, Veronica alpina,
Polygonum hydropiper, Kumex alpinus, Salix her-
bacea, Polygonatum verticillatum (a variety of Solo-
mon's Seal), and Juncus castaneus. It is worthy ot
note that the foUoiving plants were found in great
abundance and luxuriance; — Ranunculus aconiti-
folius, Aconitum septentrionale, Actica spicata.
Silene nipestris, Jlulgedium alpinum, the blue alpine
Sow-Thistle ; Gentiana purpurea, Convallaria majalis,
and many others either very rare or entirely absent
in Scotland.

■Wednesday, 17th.— The Club left Vik by steamer
for Eide, where conveyances were waiting to drive us
to Vossevangen. The drive to A^ossevangen was
greatly enjoyed by all, and near the watershed we
gathered in a marsh Vaccinium Oxycoccus, the true
Cranberry of this country, and also Andromeda poli-
folia. At Vik all the fields of Barley and Rye were
found to be largely ergotised.

The members of the Club were particularly struck
with the extreme rarity or entire absence of the fol-
lowing well-known Scottish plants : — TroUius euro-
ppea. Mountain Globe-flower ; Cochlearia oflicinalis,
common Scurvy-grass ; Helianthemum vulgare, com-
mon Rock Rose; Ilex Aquifulium, common Holly;
Ulex europa'us, common Whin; Sarothamnus scopa-
rius, common Broom ; Saxifraga hypnoides, Ladies'
Cushion, one of the commonest of British Saxifrages;
Conium maculatum, common Hemlock ; Hedera
helix, common Ivy ; Lonicera periclymenum, com-
mon Honeysuckle ; Bellis perennis common Daisy ;
Senecio Jacoba^a, common Ragwort ; Thymus Ser-
pyllum, common Thyme ; Armeria maritiraa, found
on all our Scottish high hills ; Juncus communis,
common Rush ; and Asplenium viride, one of the
prettiest and most abundant of British Ferns. It
may also be noted that the Heaths were rare, and
that Digitalis purpurea, common Foxglove, was only
seen at Odde, although the localities visited were just
such places as this plant would be found in very
abundantly in Scotland.

Thursday, 18th. — AVe left Vossevangen this morn-
ing by the early train for Bergen, where we found
the St. Siinnim. The St. Siinnim left Bergen about
7 P.M., and reached Aberdeen in rather less than
twenty-one hours — one of the quickest passages on
record. The vessel arrived in Leith Roads shortly
before midnight on Friday, 19th ult. ; and thus
ended a very pleasant and most .successful excursion
of the Club to the Hardanger district of Norway.
It is right to add that Professor Blytt, Professor of
Botany in the University of Christiania, furnished
the Club with a list of the rare plants known to
grow in that region, and supplied valuable informa-
tion for the use of the members. L.

Insch Horticultural Society.
The annual show of flowers, fruit, vegetables, &c.,
by the Insch Horticultural Society was held in the
public school buildings, Insch, Aberdeenshire, on
the 13th ult. The show was divided into two
divisions, professional and amateur. The profes-
sional division was the largest ever seen under the
auspices of the Insch Society, the competitors num-
bering more, and the exhibits greatly increased.
Excellent specimens of Fuchsias and Begonias were
forward in this class. The foliage Pelargoniums and
Coleus were also much admired. In the amatenr
division the display was quite up to, if not exceeding
former years, the cut flowers being a special feature
in this section.

Ormiston Fruit Gardens.
Around the prettily situated village of Ormiston,
Haddingtonshire, there are about 100 acres of land
devoted to fruit growing. The tenants hold their
land in perpetuity at almost a nominal rent by virtue
of an old and irrevocable agreement with a former
landlord. The rent cannot be raised, but the
tenants are not exempt from the tax-collector's
attentions, and find themselves in the somewhat

anomalous position of having to pay annually more
to that functionary than to the laird.

The soil is a light kindly loam, very responsive to
good culture, and is particularly well adapted to the
cultivation of the hardier fruits. The Apple, Rasp-
berry, Strawberry, Gooseberry, and red Currant, are
the specialties to which the community gives its
attention almost exclusively. The cultivation of
the Plum has been tried by several of the growers in
recent years, but all varieties have succumbed to
canker — even that almost cosmopolitan sort, Vic-
toria, refused to live — and this source of profit has
been given up. Pears thrive when grown as trees,
and are planted in some cases for shelter, but no
reliance can be placed on their making a paying
crop. The quality is never good, and the quantity
is too uncertain to be depended on. Apples are,
however, grown largely, and are this season a fair
average crop, some varieties being very abundant.
The long-continued drought has prevented the fruit
swelling to usual size, yet the growers consider the
crop will be fairly remunerative. Very few varieties
are grown, some of which are well known, while
others appear to be of local origin. Blenheim
Orange, Lord Suflield (the latter much given to
canker). Pitcher, Fletcher's Seedling, Eve, Ecklin-
ville Seedling (the last-named a great favourite, and
deservedly so), are among the chief varieties planted.
GoosebeiTies occupy a large proportion of the space,
and are grown for the Edinburgh and other local
markets, and the commercial preservers of fruit.
These fruits have been a very abundant crop this
season. The most remarkable sort noticed was one
raised in the district, named Preston Seedling, Mr.
Wright, of Prcstonpans, being the raiser. It is a
large-sized green fruit, hairy, with a delicious flavour.
The bush is vigorous in growth, and crops heavily.

Raspberries are greatly relied upon, but owing to
the protracted drought this season the crop was mnch
below the average. Some of the growers state
their shortcoming on this item alone to be from
£150 to £200, and that they will be unable to com-
plete their contracts with the preserve-makers. The
promise of a good crop was most encouraging in the
early part of the season, but the drought prevented
the swelling of the fruit. The varieties mostly
grown are FiUbasket and Red-cane ; the latter pro-
b.ably a local name, but known to have been imported
many years ago into the district, but whence does
not appear to be recorded. Raspberries do so well
in the locality that they rarely want to be renewed
in a long lifetime. Some plantations we saw were
over seventy years of age, and still doing well.

Strawberries are extensively grown. The first
crops this season were good and profitable, but the
later ones have been almost a failure owing to the
drought. Tlie sorts most favoured are Garibaldi
and Elton Pine, and the plantations aie never al-
lowed to exceed four years in bearing. W. Sutherlantl.

Trees and Shrubs.

ABIES (PICEA) NOBILIS.
Wk have a beautiful healthy specimen of Abies
nobilis, planted about twenty years ago. We disco-
vered the other day that the fine smooth stem was
split 2 or 3 inches deep and several feet in length.
I shall be glad to know if any of my brother gar-
deners have experienced anything of the same sort
amongst their Coniferoe, and what remedy (if any)
they adopted to heal the wound, and the results.
Tliomas Jonef, Hibsion Gardens, Wclherfnj, Yorkshire.

Veronica cupressoides.
Your correspondent " D.," at p. 247. raises a ques-
tion as to the identity of Veronica salicornioides and
settles it in a manner obviously to his own satisfac-
faction, though to others perhaps besides myself he
may have conveyed the impression that the evidence
he educes hardly justifies his conclusion. He says ;
— " The plant so long known in gardens as Veronica
salicornioides is found on comparison to have
nothing whatever to do with that species ; in-

deed it does not even belong to the same series.
It is identical and answers in every way to the
specimens and descriptions of V. cupressoides,
Hook, fil." If this be so, it would be interesting to
learn what the plant equally long known in gardens
as V. cupressoides really is. Not having seen Sir J.
D. Hooker's specimens, I can say nothing regarding
them, but I have no hesitation in saying that his
description of V. salicornioides exactly agrees with
the character of the plant hitherto known by that
name in gardens. His description, moreover, as
regards the habit and general aspect of the plant as
seen in gardens, would fairly agree with these points
of the character of Salicornia radicans, which your
correspondent says " specimens labelled salicor-
nioides very nearly resemble.' On the other
hand, I have equally little hesitation in aver-
ring that the same author's description of
V. cupressoides accurately agrees with the'
plant recognised in gardens by that name. The
description of tlie latter runs — " a dense exces-
sively branched bush, 1—0 feet high, with branches
erect, fastigiate, slender, glabrous," &c. This is in
perfect harmony with the character of living speci-
mens of this species, which resemble nothing more
closely than a compact upright Cupressus. These
two species were introduced and cultivated by the
late Mr. Anderson-Henry in his garden at Hay
Lodge, Trinity, Edinburgh. There V. cupressoides
presented the same unvarying character of upright,
fastigiate growth, and attained the height of over
3 feet, while V. salicornioides was always almost
prostrately decumbent in habit, rarely reaching the
height of 1 foot, more frequently only half
that height. These characteristics are presented
also in the several specimens of both species
growing in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh,
and I venture to submit that they are of more value
as a practical specific distinction than that alleged
by your correspondent — viz., " Leaves, V. cupres-
soides l-16th of an inch long," and V. salicornioides
" l-20th to I-lOth of an inch," which, considering
the latter includes the former, constitutes a neat
difference. I assume that your correspondent is
aware that two specific forms are in cultivation — not
one only, as might be inferred from one remark in
his note. I quite agree with him that the species
have nothing whatever to do with each other, if that
is his contention ; they are at least quite distinct ;
yet he will have observed that Hooker, the only
authority he quotes, does not apparently regard them
as belonging to two separate series, but rather as
related so closely as to be placed by him one after
the other in his an-angement. E.

Xaxthoceras sorbifolia.

Messrs. Backhouse, of York.'send fruits of this

elegant shrub, which has proved quite hardy with

them. Whether for the foliage, flowers, or fruit, this

shrub is amply worth gi'owing. (See figs. 64 and 65,

pp.

74, 275).

Ci-Riors Spruce Fir.

A sketch made by Hen- J. Hiirbj-e of a curious
growth of Spruce Fir, is reproduced in the Garten-
flora, August 15. The tree, which grows in a small
wood amongst others of equal size, looks healthy,
the upper branches are bent downwards close against
the trunk, while the lower ones spread in the usual
manner. Spruce Firs in a northern latitude, and in
Switzerland and Bavaria, often form obelisks rather
than pyramids, and are then known as " Sjiitz Firs."

Wellingtonia oigantea atjrea.

The largest and flnest specimen of this handsome
tree that I have seen is growing in the public
gardens in Denbigh. It is fully 20 feet in height
and perfect in every respect, and with the lower
branches sweejjing the greensward.

The variegation, too, is perfect, not piebald as we
frequently see in variegated Conifers, but regular all
over the foliage. Growing as it is in the best of
loam, and in the fertile valley of the Chvj-d, this tree
has a most healthy and attractive appearance, and
being well looked to and allowed plenty of room

Septembek a, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHnONICLE.

277

may in years to come be one of the largest anil
handsomest specimens of this Conifer in the British
Isles. A. B. Webster.

The White Popl.ui as a Seaside Tree.
It may not be generally kno«Ti how well adapted
the White Poplar (Populus alba) is for planting along
the sea coast. That it is so is, however, a fact, the
truth of which will soon be corroborated by the
visitor to the Rhyl Winter Gardens, for there it may
be seen forming broad belts and in the rudest health
where fully exposed to the hard-blowing saline
blasts. A. S. Webster. [It is planted on some parts
of the Kent coast — e.g., near Folkestone. Ed.]

OUR NATIVE FERNS AND
THEIR VAraETIES.

(Continued from p. 129 J

3. Fern Cpltcee. — The next step, after the acqui-
sition of Ferns, by hunting for them, or by the simpler
method of purchase, is to ensure their continued
existence and proper development by suitable cul-
ture, and here Nature herself is the best teacher.

In the large majority of cases Ferns will be found
growing in woods and sheltered spots, where there is
abundance of leaf-mould, or else upon soil of a light
loamy or peaty nature ; others are found inserting
their tiny rootlets in the chinks, cracks, and crevices
of stone or brick walls or rocks; in all these cases
there exist the first desiderata of healthy growth,
viz., thorough drainage, every facility for the tender
root-tips to make their way freely, and finally, pro-
tection of the crown from hot sunshine. If, then, we
desire to pot any of these Ferns, put first good
drainage in the shape of broken pieces of pots, then
a "wisp of moss, and over that a light compost,
according to Nature's own recipe. For general pur-
poses this compost may consist of peat-mould or
leaf-mould, two parts ; good loam, or garden mould,
two parts ; and silver-sand or well-washed gravel-
sand, one part, mixed, and left a little lumpy.
In potting, observe again Nature's procedure
by spreading out the rootlets carefully, and
not pressing down the soil harder than is necessary
to keep the crown upright ; and finally, when the
plant is duly installed, water well, and leave it
alone, bearing in mind that any meddling with the
soil when wet, however light it may be, is apt to
cause it to cake together, and thus check root-
growth and imperil the wellbeing of the Fern.

So much by way ot general pot treatment, which
will apply to all the Lastreas (Buckler Ferns), with
the exception of L. thelypteris (Marsh Buckler
Fern), which revels in mud; Athyrium filix-fcemina
(Lady Fern), the Polystichuras (Shield Ferns),
and Seolopendrium vulgare (Hart's-tongiie) ; also
the Oak and Beech Ferns (Polypodiums dryopteris
and phegopteris). Polypodium vulgare, as is evi-
denced by its thriving in the lioUows of trees
and similar places, where only leaf-mould or de-
cayed wood collects, prefers an open mass of
leaf-mould with a little sand. Blechnum spicant
(hard Fern) thrives best in leaf-mould, with an
admixture — say one-eighth — of small lumps of
clayey loam scattered through it. This Fern has
such an antipathy to lime, that every care must
be taken to avoid its presence, either in the com-
post or the water used. Ceterach ofBcinarum
(scaly Spleenwort) only grows on very old walls,
hence an admixture of old lime rubbish is
requisite. The same remark applies more or
less to all the Asplenium (Spleenwort) family.
AUosorus crispus (the Parsley Fern) will only
thrive when it has to make its way through loose
stones. It will always be found in greatest abund-
ance pushing through the debris of weathered rocks.

With the exception of Asplenium marinum (Sea
Spleenwort), and Adiantum Capillus-veneris (Maiden-
hair), which require protection from severe frosts,
the British Ferns imperatively demand perfectly
cool treatment in winter, otherwise they fail to
become quite dormant, and in the ensuing season

grow weakly, and become the prey of vermin of every
description.

The deciduous Ferns, such as the Lady Fern,
Male Fern, Mountain Buckler Fern, Oak and Beech
Ferns, and others, indicate clearly enough when
their period of rest begins, the fronds withering
rapidly down to the ground, and the Fern dis-
appearing altogether fiom view — a fertile source
of discomfiture to the inexperienced, who imagine
them dead, and neglect them accordingly, the
result being confirmation of their fears. If, how-
ever, the pots or other recejitacles be put away in a
cool damp place, or buried in the ground in a shel-
tei'ed corner, so that the roots never get dried, the
following spring will witness a resurrection, at the
first signs of which they can be reinstated in fitting
places of honour. The rapidity with which these
deciduous Ferns develope their fronds is very
remarkable, and as, unlike the evergreen varieties,
tliere are no old (ronds to detract from their beauty,
their fresh and delicate appearance in the spring
makes ample amends for their invisibility during the
winter.

The evergi-een species, Lastrea pseudo mas (hard
male Fern), the Polystichuras, the Asplenia. Blech-
num spicant, Seolopendrium vulgare, Ceterach, Poly-
podium vulgare, retain their verdure fairly well
during the winter months if kept from wind and
weather. When, however, the new growth begins
the sap and vigour of the old fronds appear to be
reabsorbed by the plant ; it is, therefore, not
advisable to cut aw.iy the old foliage until it has
manifestly done its work, being brown and shrivelled.

Repotting and replanting may be done at any
time with proper care, though they are best let alone
in the winter. Obviously the best time is just when
the new growth commences, after the winter's rest,
say end of ^larch, as then not only is the plant in
its most vigorous state and ready to take every advan-
tage of fresh soil and greater space, but if the old
fronds are damaged in the process little harm is
done, while if the operation be left later the sym-
metry of the plant may sufter throughout the season
through damage to the new growths.

Ferns in pots, like Ferns out-of-doors, must be
protected from hot sunshine ; wind is also very
destructive where the more delicate forms are con-
cerned, and, though the plants may exist under very
adverse circumstances, the cultivator can never hope
to grow Ferns to the best advantage unless he studies,
lover-like, their predilections and requirements.
Nature is here again the best teacher. Where do we
find the Lady Fern gi'owing shoulder high, the hard
Fern waist high, and so on ? Is it not deep down in
some sheltered shady ravine where every breeze that
blows has to filter through a thousand trees, which
at the same time shut out the noonday sun ?
Here is the paradise of Ferns, and the more that
beau ideal is approached the greater will be the suc-
cess attained and the pleasure derived therefrom.

With regard to pot culture one fact is frequently
overlooked, viz., that Ferns, like other plants, when
growing wild, are not turned and twisted about, now
to the north and then to the south, but are abso-
lute fixtures and gi-ow accordingly, i.e., the fronds
as they rise and develop adjust themselves as
nearly as possible at the angle which enables them
to catch the greatest amount of light. Place, there-
fore, a Fern at a window during its growing period,
and every frond will slowly curve towards the win-
dow in such a way that when perfect it will be seen
at its best from the outside. Ladies, especially, how-
ever try to counteract this tendency by turning the
plant round so that it may be seen to advantage from
the room, the consequence eventually being bent and
misshapen fronds and ugly plants, since a per-
manent twist is given by only an hour or two's expo-
sure, and once this is done it cannot be remedied.
Nature being thus interfered with, the old twisted
fronds are in the way of the later ones, and
so confusion becomes worse confounded ; hence
one golden rule is, " Always keep the same side of
the pot to the light," to ensure which it is well to
mark the pot itself.

With regard to watering, if the pots are thoroughly
drained, and not too large for the plants, over-
watering need not be feared, but drought alone,
which to some Ferns is fatal. This, however, is only
a matter of care and regularity, and the golden rule
for the Fern lover here is, "If you have anything
very choice look after it yourself."

PllOPAGATIOX.

Under careful culture and congenial conditions
the large majority of the best varieties will soon
multiply themselves to a certain extent by the for- '
ination of adventitious crowns, produced either in a
small form from buds at the base of the fronds, or
by a process of fission in the crowns tiiemselves, by
which full-sized plants are obtainable. To profit by .
this latter process, it is necessary to permit the
double crown to develope distinctly into two
centres of growth, which stage attained, the
plant should be taken up, and a sharp knife
passed carefully between the two centres, each
of which will then be found to possess its own
set of roots and fronds, and to be indeed a perfect
plant, only needing independent potting or planting
to form at once a fair specimen. The intermingling
of the fronds when the crowns are permitted to m\il-
tiply without sep.aration often detracts from the
grace of the plant, and hence for this reason alone
separation from time to time is advisable. Such
Ferns as are apt to form bushes, not by this process
of fission, but by side buds — the crested male Fern
for instance — are greatly benefited by the removal
of these small plants immediately they appear, the
result being a much more vigorous and symmetrical
growth of the parent crown, whose roots have thus
freer scope, and all of whose energies are concen-
trated in its own development. Under this treat-
ment, the Fern named forms in a year or two a
decided trunk, and becomes a veritable Tree Fern,
which it will not do otherwise.

The little plants produced from buds are best
detached by passing a blunt ivory or bone knife
between them and the parents, when they will come
away with a little bunch of roots all ready for
installation as future representatives of the race.
These should be pricked out an inch or so apart,
according to size round the edges of small pots or
pans filled with rather more sandy compost than that
already indicated. If then put into some damp shady
corner they will soon develope into pretty plants.

Some of the abnormal forms afford another
method of propagation by means of buds which
appear on the surface of the fronds and elsewhere,
llany of the Polystichums develope these in pro-
fusion, the old fronds throwing up a mass of tiny
new growth along their midribs before decaying
altogether. Such fronds only require pegging down
fiat as they are to yield youngsters in abundance.
Some Scolopendriums produce buds on their stalks
and on the surface and edges of the fronds, which
can be treated similarly. The edge-buds require to
be cut with scissors, so that a little tongue of the old
frond may serve to fix them in the soil, and act as a
temporary substitute for roots. A few forms of the
plumose sections of the Lady Fern have been
found to produce bulbils on the backs of the fronds —
a characteristic so far only remarked in connection
with this family. For m.any years these resisted all
attempts to produce plants, but recently success has
established the fact that they are true buds, as open
to propagation by pegging down as the others.

It has also been found that the basal portions of
the old decayed fronds, which retain vitality for
manv years, are capable of developing buds when
detached from the old crowns and inserted in sandy
compost. The Lady Fern, male Fern, and Ilart's-
tongue, and probably other species, permit of this
method of propagation, which in the sporeless Ferns
is sometimes the only one available.

The propagation of those Ferns which, like the
common Polypody, Bladder Ferns, Maidenhair and
the Filmy Ferns, have creeping rootstocks, is a very
simple matter, since every piece of the creeping
rootstock (rhizome) bearing a few root fibres and a
frond is fairly sure to yield a plant if pegged firmly

278

THE GABDENEBS' CERONICLE.

[Septembkb 3, 1887.

down upon the surface, and the rootlets carefully
covered. The edges of pots and pans seem the most
congenial places for such, the evaporation through
the porous material probaljly assisting root forma-
tiou by keeping the soil sweet and promoting circu-
lation.

Three abnormal forms, one Lady Fern and two
Polystichums. have recently been discovered to
afford instances of an altogether new method o(
reproduction termed apospory.* Propagation in
these cases is effected, not by sjiores, but from peculiar
growths at the back of the fronds or at the tips of
their ultimate divisions, which growths, when pegged
down, yield young plants by the generative process
usually peculiar to spores.

Finally, there is the metliod of spore-propagation
which, involving as it does a description of the spore
itself and its peculiarities, merits an independent
chapter. C. T. Brueri/. F L.S.

(To be continued.)

The Rock Garden.

HERBACEOUS LOBELIAS.

These are among the most useful and beautiful
autumn flowering plants we have, and when properly
managed and carefully arranged give most pleasing
effect. They are easily kept over the winter, either
in the open ground — being covered with little heaps
of sifted ashes or coarse gravel — or lifted and heeled-
in in cool frames. AVhere a large stock is required
annually the latter is, perhaps, the best plan to
adopt. Under such conditions the plants are not
only safer, but they begin to grow sooner, and when
growth has fairly set in they can be divided to
almost any extent, potted up, and grown on in cool
frames until they can be planted out. In the vicinity
of ponds or lakes nothing is more striking tlian a
well groivn clump of these Lobelias. A few of the
best are : —

L. 'cardhialis, doubtless one of the very best
autumn flowering border plants we possess, when
grown in positions suitable to its requirements ; but
this is just the difficulty in small gardens, and indeed
in many large gardens. Its requirements are not
sufficiently studied ; with plenty of moisture, a free,
rich, and well drained soil, and shaded entirely from
the mid-day sun, we have seen this plant in great
beauty, the stems from 4 to 5 feet high, flowers large
and produced in abundance. With its flowers of the
most vivid scarlet, it makes a really charming picture
in a mixed border, and lasts such a time in perfec-
tion as to entitle it to special distinction. The
forms in cultivation at the present time, such as ignea.
fulgens. Queen Victoria, &c., are often confounded
with this plant, and with which they have nothing
whatever to do so far as I can see. The forms men-
tioned belong to a nearly allied species, L. splendens,
and distinguished from L. cardinalis by their much
longer and narrower leaves, more slender stems, and
they are almost entirely devoid of hairs. In L. cardi-
nalis the whole plant is usually minutely pubescent ;
stem, 3 — 5 feet high, with leaves from oblong to oblong
lanceolate, tapering to both ends, the margins
irregularly serrated. Dr. Gray says that the intense
red of the corolla varies rarely to rose colour, and
even white. I have only, however, seen the intense
scarlet form, and it is probably the only one in culti-
vation. Parkinson, who mentions it as cherished in
our gardens in 1629, says that it " groweth near the
river of Canada, where the French plantation in
America is seated." It also e.^^tends to Florida and
the borders of Texas, growing in wet ground. Figured
Bot. Mag. 320.

L. splendens, to which ignea fulgens. Queen Vic-
toria, Sir 11. Napier, and many others belong, is also
a very desirable plant for autumn. It is perhaps
hardly so fastidious as to moisture as L. cardinalis,
although we find it gi-owa all the stronger if placed
in a position such as that indicated above. The type

splendens has linear leaves glandular, denti-
culated on the margins, all (unless the lower ones)
sessile, in other respects it resembles L. cardinalis.
The var. fulgens has crimson-scarlet flowers, rather
broader leaves, more pubescent, more rare, and more
restricted in its distribution. Var. ignea, purplish
leaves. Queen Victoria, leaves deep purple, very
effective. Wet ground in Texas, through New
Mexico, Arizona, California, Mexico, &c.

L. hyhrida of gardens, often called MiUeri, and
fulgens var. violacea, .appears to be almost unknown,
though the soft colour of its flowers marked it as
available for grouping as L. cardinalis. It is no
doubt a hybrid between L. syphilitica and L. splen-
dens (= fulgens). The leaves are broader than in
the last-named species, but with the glandular den-
ticulations on the . margins of the leaf, and with
the long sepals and hairs of L. syphilitica. The
flowers, which are freely produced, are rich deep
violet, very striking, and when grown in clumps,
either isolated or in combination with the other
species, tliis plant forms a grand mass, standing well
out even amongst the scarlets of L. cardinalis and
L. splendens, as well as the varied colours of L.
syphilitica. Plants such as these should be grown
largely in our borders where a little shade can be
had, and if moist so much the better. They hardly
ever fail to flower, and are easily kept through the
winter ; indeed, this hybrid is much hardier than
either L. cardinalis or L. splendens. We never
trouble to lift it in autumn, and have not lost a
single plant from the effects of cold or damp. It
seems also to thrive well in rather a drier situation
than its near allies, flowering about the same time
with such an abundance of its handsome flower-heads
as to entitle it to attention. D.

Vide Card. C'firi

ii.. p. MS, vol. Jtliv., p. 730.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

ONCIDIUM DASYTYLE.

The merits of this Oucidium do not seem to be
known or appreciated so fully as they deserve to be.
Amongst the Orchids now in flower at Kew there is
not one which is at once more pretty and curious
than this. In the latest edition of the Onhid
Growers' Manual it is spoken of as producing a " few
gav blossoms," and the plant figured in the Botanical
Magazine (pi. 6494) is also show^n as only bearing
five flowers. The plant under notice carries two
branching spikes that since the commencement of
flowering have borne more than forty flowers. The
sepals and petals are of a creamy-yellow, marked
with brownish-purple spots ; the lip is sulphur-
yellow, bearing at the base a curious, black, shiny
crest, which somewhat resembles a small beetle, and
gives to the flower a very striking appearance. From
the top of the upper sepal to the bottom of the lip
the flower measures nearly 2 inches.

It succeeds best grown in pots in the cool house
under the usual conditions as to moisture, shade,
and temperature. Being a free grower it may pos-
sibly do with more pot-room, and altogether more
generous treatment at the root than is usually given
to it. It will also thrive fastened on blocks of Birch
or Teak, witli peat and sphagnum placed about the
roots and suspended from the roof. In this position
its flowers are shown to greater advantage, but so
far as my experience goes I have found that the
pseudobulbs are larger and the flowers finer and
mroe numerous when it is cultivated in pots. It
comes from the Organ Mountains, in Brazil, and was
introduced iu 1873. Not the least of its recommen-
dations is tliat its flowering period extends over from
two to three months.

MiLTONIA SPECTABILIS VAB. MoKELIANA.

Although such handsome varieties of Miltonia
spectabilis as virginalis, radians, and rosea are now
in cultivation, there is no form which, ior size of
flower and richness of colour equals the variety
Moreliana, of wliich a remarkably fine ex.ample is
now iu flower at Kew. The flowirs measure 4 inches

across the sepals, the diameter of the lip being
2 inches ; the dark purple of the sepals and petals
is of unusual richness, and the lip, which is of a
more rosy-purple, is beautifully radiated with lines
of the darkest purple hue. The yellow appearance
of the foliage, which is characteristic of most of the
members of the genus, is not one pleasing to the eye
of the cultivator, and although it is not inconsistent
with good health, most of us would be glad to pos-
sess the art — which some are said to possess — of
keeping our Miltonias green. Still, looked at from
an artistic point of view, the yellowish background
of leaves and bulbs serves to give a bolder contrast
to the purple of the flowers. Although pot-culture
is desirable for many of the Miltonias, for M. spec-
tabilis and its varieties, which do not root so deeply
as the others, I prefer Teak rafts, with a considerable
layer of sphaguum and peat. This can be added to
or renewed without disturbing the roots. The shady
side of the Cattleya-house is best suited for this
Orchid, whicli requires a liberal supply of water
during the summer months, and does not like to be
very dry at any time, even in mid-winter.

OSCIDIUM MICUOPOGON.

Although this pretty Oncid was described by
Reichenbach as far back as 1854, it would appear,
from the absence of any figure or notes upon it,
that it has never at any time been very com-
mon. An old Orchid grower told me a few days
since that it was occasionally to be met with some
twenty years or so ago, but that now it was very rare.
However, I saw some plants of it at the St. Albans
nursery in the latter part of last year, and a plant is
now flowering in the cool Orchid-house at Kew
which was obtained from there. It is a dwarf grower
with ovoid pseudobulbs, is allied to 0. barbatum,
and has also been known as O. dentatum. The
sepals are ovate-lanceolate, yellow, barred with
brown ; and the petals, which form the most con-
spicuous part of the flower, are rotund, and of a
bright yellow, with chocolate spots at the base. The
lip is three-lobed, the parts between the yellow lobes
being shortly fringed, and, together with the much
divided crest, are thickly dotted with spots of a dull
brown colour. Altogether the spike of eight flowers
(which measure nearly 2 inches across) presents a
decidedly attractive appearance, and this Oncidium
may be said to be well worthy of more attention than
now seems to be given to it. It enjoys plenty of
moisture and light — a position near the glass at the
cool end of the Cattleya-house apparently meeting
its requirements very well. W. B.

Orchids at Messes. Veitcu's, Chelsea.

Besides Cypripedium orphanum in flower, I saw,
the other day, many more choice hybrids, the most
beautiful of them being C. ccnanthum superbum ; the
seed-bearing parent was the hybrid C. Harrisianum,
and the pollen-bearer C. insigne Maulei. The
dorsal sepal has the broad white margin of the
pollen-parent, which is also slightly marked with
mauve-purple spots. C. vexillarium was also beau-
tifully in flower, and is the most elegant of the
Chelsea hybrids. This plant is of very free growth,
and in that respect takes superior rank to C. Fairrie-
anum, one of its parents. Here the dorsal sepal is
also margined with white ; pale purple, marked with
darker coloured lines. The deflexed twisted lateral
sepals are marked with green and purple. C. Sehro-
dera; is also in flower, and is not only very beautiful,
but distinct in character from .any other Cypripe-
dium, except perhaps the more beautiful 0. leucor-
rhodum. It is a cross between C. Sedeni and C.
caudatiim, the first named being the pollen-parent.
C. Harrisianum superbum is much superior to the
ordinary forms in its rich dark colour.

Besides the above, other good species and varieties
in flower were C. Wallisii, certificated as a distinct
species, but maybe but a paler form of C. caudatum;
C. Godefroya;, and C. concolor.

The hybrid O. selligerum is now a cheap plant,
and the best forms of it are very handsome. C.
caUirum and a few others were in good form.

Tlie above list shows how much has been done to

Seftembeii 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

279

furnish our hothouses with flowering plants during
the months of August and September.

The hybridist has not been idle in other directions,
for we have also in flower the new Sophro-Cattleya
Batemaniana X . Of this recently developed hybrid I
noted a very handsome form with flowers quite
3 inches across, the sepals aud petals of a lovely
salmon-rose ; the lip crimson with a white throat.
The ordinary form has been described in a previous
number ; that described above is distinguished by
the variety name of rosea.

Lailia AraesianaX is another valuable hybrid of
surpassing beauty. A very vigorous specimen was
in flower, clearly demonstrating its superiority to
either of its parents, Lailia crispa and Cattleya
maxima ; even the best forms of L. crispa do not
freely open their prettily fringed labellum ; here we
have the fringed labellum of C. crispa, with its rich
purplish colour, and broadly spreading like that of
Cattleya maxima; the sepals and petals purplish.
Zygopetaluni Sedenix was also well represented.
The intense blue colour of the lip is its most striking
characteristic, and it forms quite a distinct tone of
colour in a collection.

The numerous im]30rtations of new species of
Orchids during recent yeai's have quite revolution-
ised the flowering periods. Here the Cattleya- house
was quite gay with many distinct varieties of Cat-
tleya Gaskelliana, one variety finer than any I had
yet seen. C. gigas, in its gorgeous colours of crim-
son and gold labellum. C. Eldorado, smaller in all
its parts than any others of the C. labiata group, but
distinguished by its rich orange throat. The lovely
white form was also amongst them, representing in
itself a confusion of names ; it is C. Eldorada alba,
C. Wallisii, or C. crocata, according to the fancy of
its owner. La;lia grandis seems to have been intro-
duced in quantity recently, as it is frequently scat-
tered about in the large Cattleya-house ; but none of
them have flowers so large as the Botanical Maga-
zine specimen, tab. 5553, the flowers of which are
over 5 inches across the petals. The yellow sepals
and petals with the purplish veined lip are very
attractive. Cattleya guttata has yet to be added to
the group, a well-known tall-growing species foi'm-
ing a large symmetrical head of flowers as many as
twenty together. It usually flowers in the spring,
but here it is in flower. Cattleya Dowiana is very
grand. In the warmer houses the flowering speci-
mens are quite as numerous. The new Dendrobium
Dearii is a very queen in this genus ; its pure white
flowers are very plentifully produced in large clusters
from old and new stems. Renanthera matutina is
now in great beauty, producing eighty flowers on a
branched spike. The sepals and petals are very
narrow, and of a deep orange colour.

Amongst new Phalajnopsids the lovely little T.
Jlaria; (see illustration, July 2) is worthy of ad-
miration. I hear it has flowered in the Glasnevin
Botanic Garden with eighteen flowers on one spike.
The plant of it here in flower was in its decadence,
but I counted on one branched spike tighteen
flowers, two other spikes on the same plant making
a total of thirty-five flowers. P. violacea, also in
flower, may yet be classed amongst recent introduc-
tions ; and besides the above, which were most note-
worthy, the list might be doubled ; and every year
now will see the flowering of new hybrids, of which
there are thousands in process of development. •/. i).

kind suitable for the purpose, and using only those
of an imposing character as individual specimens.
Plants adapted for massing are numerous. Monstera
deliciosa and Philodendron giganteum both form a
grand mass of foliage, but they soon outgrow any
limited space, and should lie cut back, but not made
to look stifl". The same remark apply to strong-
growing Selagiuellas, all of which are far more eff'ec-
tive when planted in mass form than they are
ai single specimens. Begonias of the liex divi-
sion, such as B. Louise Chretienne. B. Helene
Ulider, B. Julie Serot, B. Mr. Stuart Low,
and many others, form beautiful masses, and give
little trouble further than removal of decayed foli-
age, but thrive in a light and rather dry position
with moderate supplies of water at their roots.
Another very useful plant is Ophiopogon spicatus
aureo-variegata, succeeding in stoves or green-
houses ; it is most ettective when placed at
the foot of a rockery near the edge of a water-tank ;
it blossoms freely at this season, and its neat spikes
of blue flowers harmonise pleasingly with its slender
variegated foliage. Amongst Ferns there are m-any
species whieli are best seen when grown in this
manner.

To form a low dense mass Adiantum Capillus-
veneris is useful; it delights to run its rhizomes
over moist stonework, and although a native of
Britain, it thrives admirably in a stove temperature if
its roots be kept moist. Several plants of Phlebo-
dium aureum close together make a grand gi'oup, and
artbrd a hue of colour diflicult to obtain from any
other plant, while young plants of Pterisargyrea have
a charming appearance when treated in a similar
manner, and furnished with a carpet of Lycopodium.
With age this fine species soon becomes shabby, but
as it is so easily raised from spores it can be replaced
without difficulty.

Of Ferns that are attractive when placed in pro-
jecting pockets Woodwardia radicans is one of the
best ; but being liable to attacks of thrips its fronds
should be syringed daily. Others useful for pockets
are Marattia fra.xinea, Microlepia hirta cristata,
Nephrolepis ensifolia, N. davallioides furcans, Asple-
nium appendiculatum, &c. Ficus repens and F.
repens minima are useful as creepers, and Panicum
variegatam and Tradescantia discolor as trailing
plants. As tall specimen plants no class can equal
Palms, and of these the best kinds of Areca, Kentia,
Phccnix, and Eaphis are very useful, and form good
variety : while of Tree Ferns Cibotium princeps is
perhaps the best. The common Liverwort is in-
valuable for covering bare spaces upon rockwork par-
ticularly by the margins of water-tanks, or upon the
beds of waterfalls, and in dark crannies where it is
diflicult to get other vegetation. It merely needs to
be kept damp in order that it may thrive. The chief
work amongst rockeries at the present time lies in
keeping the plants free from insects, slugs, and other
pests, and attention with the syringe and water-pot.
Tliomas Coomher, Hendre Gardens, Monmouth.

Plants and Their Culture.

The Stove Rockery. — There are few things in
plant-houses that create more interest than a well-
arranged and properly attended rockery, and there is
no better way of displaying the beauties of some
plants than by planting these constructions, but to
successfully furnish a rockery a considerable amount
of foresight is necessary, as well as a thorough know-
ledge of the wants and habits of the plants employed.
Perhaps the most common mistake is made by over-
crowding in higgledy-piggledy fashion a miscella-
neous collection of plants, while a much more natural
and effective arrangement might be made with the
same plants, by judiciously massing or grouping each

against the insides of the pot, therefore I conclude
there is little danger of over-draining them. A very
good potting material for these is made of two parts
peat and one of fresh sphagnum, sprinkling in a
small quantity of half-rotten leaves as the potting
proceeds. I also like to add a few lumps of light
loam, whicli I think helps to keep the compost
sweet.

Renanthera matutina, now opening its orange and
red flowers, makes a pleasing contrast to the
magenta-colonred .Saccolabiums and Aerides. Sac-
colabium miniatum, with its erect spikes and yellow
flowers, is also very attractive. Plants of Lajlia
purpurata are in dirt'erent stages of growth, some
being well advanced, while others have not yet
started.

It is best not to use very much sphagnum when
potting these, for when the cold weather sets in
extra care is then necessary to see that they are
not over-watered. A too low temperature when very
wet at the roots will cause injury to the uew growths.
If this Lajlia be grown in the Cattleya-house it
should be placed in that part which is warmest at
niglit; a centre stage with hot-water pipes under-
neath will suit them. Coelogyne cristata should be
well supplied with water, but without letting any
fall on tlie new growths. Now the autumn rains
will most likely begin, and we must consider care-
fully what amount of damping is required. There
will be little fear of injuring the cool Orchids at
present if they are not watered or syringed overhead,
but the warmer divisions must be treated according
to the state of the atmosphere outside, and have
suflicient fire-heat to allow a little ventilatiou to be
given. C. Woolfonl, Downside, Leathci-head.

The Orchid Houses.

We have already begun to remove the shading
from the north side of houses containing plants
which enjoy plenty of light. Cattleya or Dendro-
bium-houses that run east and west (if the roof is
not too flat) will do without shading now on the
northern side. If any tender plants be suspended
near the roof on this side, they may be removed to
more shady quarters for a time. Cattleya gigas and
C. speciosissima, which have been grown under a
light shading, will be benefited by full exposure to
the light if the house be not too small nor the plants
very close to the glass. Many 0. gigas are now send-
ing out roots from the new psudobulbs ; these can be
repotted if necessary, or pick out the old compost,
and place pot and plants in a new pot, filling up the
space round wilh new crocks, top-dressing the whole
with peat and sphagnum. Like other Cattleyas, very
little besides new crocks is necessary for them to
grow in.

Cypripediums should be examined this month to
ascertain which require repotting or top-dress-
ing. Although this genus, as a rule, delights in
moisture, they refuse to grow freely when tbe drain-
age becomes clogged, preventing the water from
passing away quickly. In this case, if the plants be
top-dressed with the best of composts it will soon
decay, so therefore the best way is to repot them. It
appears to be the nature of nearly all Cypripediums to
form the most of their roots, either on the surface or

Fruits Under Glass.

SxRAwnERRiEs IN PoTs. — If not already done,
young Strawberry plants which were layered into
their fruiting G-i'nch pots early in July should be
detached at once from the parent plants, and the
pots stood on coal-ashes in a situation well
exposed to the south and west, or on the brick walla
enclosing Vine and Peach borders, and on boards at
the foot of the same, so that the plants shall have
the full benefit of the sun's rays to ripen tlieir crowns.
Continue to give the plants daily supplies of we.ik
liquid manure at the roots until they have com-
pleted their growth, and remove all runners and
any small crowns that may spring out as soon as
they appear.

Fiqs. — Trees swelling their second crop of fruit
should be given liberal supplies of liquid-manure at
the roots when water is required, which, where the
roots are confined to a narrow shallow border, with
good drainage, will be at least three times in the
fortnight. The border should have a mulching of
short dung laid on to prevent evaporation. Main-
tain a growing atmosphere in the house by tlioroughly
syringing the trees in the morning, and at closing
time— soon after 3 o'clock ; also damp over the
surface of the border and pathw.^ys a few hours later
in the day, so as to keep the foliage free from the
attacks o " red-spider.

Peaches.— Any trees in the early or second early
houses which have not yielded satisfactory crops
should be taken in hand. The first step is to open a
trench at fi'om 2 to 3 feet (according to the size of
the tree) from the stem down to the drainage.
Then work the soil out all round from under the
roots : the shoots having been previously untied from
the trellis, the tree should be lifted carefully on to a
mat, which should be bound round the ball of
earth and roots to prevent them from parting com-
pany. The drainage is next attended to, putting, as a
matter of course, the rough material in the bottom
and the finer on top. This done, put some pieces of
turves, grass-side down, thereon, and over this suffi-
cient sound loam (to which one-fifth of old mortar or
lime rubbish, if to be had, may be added), in which to
replant the tree. In doing this cut away all damaged
portions of the roots afterwards workingthe soil well
among them ; taking care that the roots are ])laced
in their proper positions above one another and with
a slight inclination downwards, The tree should
then be tied loosely to the trellis, receiving a good
watering and mulched, being shaded heavily during the
day and svringed overhead morning, noon, and after-
noon until the roots have taken to the new soil,
when the shading should be gradually removed and
the syringing reduce to once on fine afternoons, ff,
W. Ward, Lonqford Castk,

280

TEE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE.

[Septejiber 3, 1887.

STTBSCBIBEBS TO

rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
who e.rperience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded icith complaint),

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,

Strand. W.C.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.
rplIE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

J- Vol. I.. Tliiril Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1887.

W. EICHAJID.S. 41. VVelUugton Street. Straiul. W.C.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
NOTICE to Currespundents, Advcrtisrr.i, Sub-
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THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
IN AJIERICA.
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Agent for America :— C. H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street,
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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SHOWS.

/ Glasgow and West of Scotland
I Autumn,
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 Eoyal Caledonian Horticultural
) (Edinburgh).
I, Bath Autumn (two daj-).

SALES

/Bnlbs, from Holhind, at Stevens'
MONDAY, SEPT, 5.^,.|!°T'-

WEDNESDAY, Skpt.

Bulhsfrom Hollaml, .it Ste

Sale of Plants, Green-
houses, &c., at The Nursery,
I Vanburgh Road, East Greenw ich,
\ by Protheroe & Morris.

(Established Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
Trade Sale of Greenhouse Plants, at
The Nurseries, Swanley Junction,
by Protheroe & Morris.

Morris' Rooms .
'", Trade Sale of Palms, at the Kew

(. Nursery, by Protheroe & Morris.

, Established Orchiils, at Stevens'
. ' Rooms.

I Dutch Bulbs, at I'rolhcroe &

1 Dutch Bulbs, a
(_ .Morris' Rooms.

It is plain to see that the day for
Bedding Phint-^. growing tender plants for the de-
coration of the garden is fast pass-
ing away, and that before many years are over
they will only be met with in isolated places as
relics of the past. Whether we gardeners like it
or whether we do not, will make very little differ-
ence. The bedding-ont system, as it is termed,
has been practised in this country, more or less,
for the past fifty years, and was at the height
of its popularity about twenty-five or thirty
years ago. Much of its original success must
be credited to Mr. Caie, then gardener at Bedford
Lodge, Camden Hill, Kensington, who at that
(now) remote time practised the system very
successfully, and thereby gave it an impetus
which was not arrested until about fourteen
years ago, since which time it has been gradually
losing ground. Doubtless there are many
reasons for its decadence, the main one being
the ridiculous excess to which it was carried,
and the evils wrought by abuse, want of taste,
and the neglect of other things of greater and
more permanent intrinsic interest. The largely
increased demand for cut flowers and for plants

suitable for the decoration of rooms and dinner-
tables may also be credited with some of the
disfavour into which the bedding-out system has
fallen. It is impossible also to overlook the fact
that the diminished adoption of the bedding-out
system was coincident with the commencement
of the depression in trade about twelve or thir-
teen years ago. As is is expensive to provide
fuel, glass room, and labour to grow these plants
we shall not be far wrong in concluding that bad
times have had something to do with it. The
influence of the Horticultural Press for some
years has also been exercised against the glaring
defects of the system, and when we add that
it is generally fashionable to decry its con-
tinuance there is no wonder it is dying away.
This system, however, must be credited with
having taught the present generation of gar-
deners valuable lessons in the arrangement and
massing of colours, and let us hope that this
lesson will not be thrown away and lost
sight of, thereby landing us again in the
old mixed hardy herbaceous border. It is
far from our intention to say a word
against the mixed border. In its place
it is one of the most useful and decidedly most
interesting features of the garden ; but it is not
appropriate in all places and under all circum-
stances. In our larger establishments there is
room for all varieties of garden decoration, and
in many places where there are magnilicent
trees, velvety lawns, and impressive architectural
features, we seem to need, in their proper
places and in due subjection, bright masses of
colour to give animation and brightness to the
landscape. The present season of drought, too,
has taught us the value of Pelargoniums and
Petunias, and other plants which have held their
own and produced effects which would in many
cases simply have been scorched out of existence
but for them. In our public parks moreover,
some excuse may be found for the existence of
what some of las look on as monstrosities — we
mean carpet^beds — on the ground that the public
appreciates them, and as the public pays, it is
only right that its taste should be satisfied,
though, at the same time, it is our duty on
all occasions to endeavour to inculcate better
things by example and precept. In fact, we '
cannot with propriety neglect either form, colour,
or grouping in otrr schemes of garden decora-
tion, nor can we properly exalt the one at the
expense of the others. Our skill is put to the
test by the way in which we avail ourselves of
all these resources in their appropriate situations
and in their due harmony.

As practical and intelligent men let us take
time by the forelock and find out by diligent in-
quiry, research and experiment among the thou-
sands of hardy plants which we possess in this
country, bright plants of appropriate colours to
take the place of the discarded Pelargoniums,
Lobelias, &c. It may be permissible to include
among such plants subjects which may be kept in
a cold frame or dry room through the winter ;
among these one of the most telling plants is
Lobelia cardinalis. It will stand ~^ or 8 ' of frost,
and may be kept in a cool frame through the
winter with extra protection in the case of hard
frost. The same may be 'said of Calceolarias.
( )ne of the most effective beds we ever saw was
planted with Calceolaria amplexicaulis as a ground-
work, with Lobelia cardinalis planted about
18 inches apart all over the bed, We ha\'e also
seen this plant used in the same way associated
with Gnaphalium lanatum,Cerastiumtomentosum,
Dactylis glomerata, and Centaurea candidissima,
with all of which it harmonises beautifully. This
plant succeeds better in the North than the

South, as it likes a rather cool situation and rich
soil.

A bed carpeted with dwarf plants of Acer Xe-
gundo variegatum, with a bold plant of Clematis
Jackmanni trained to a stake in the centre also
looks well. The same groundwork of Acer in-
termixed with blue A'iola is very pretty, and taller
plants of Acer, for a large bed, mixed with Del-
phiniums or Ctladiolus are hard to beat for beau-
tiful effect. For bold beds or for hedges China
Itoses are in\'aluable ; they are hard to surpass for
brightness of colour from early summer to late
autmnn, the old Fellenberg especially being
conspicuous. It rivals the Pelargonium in
intensity of colour, and as for usefulness and
interest, there is no comparison. Another useful
plant for massing is Polygonum brunonis ; at this
time of the year its pink blossom is charming.
It remains in flower a long time, and when the
flowering period is over the foliage assumes a
warm brown colour, which is most pleasing to
look at. It is a dwarf plant, and may also be
used for lines or edgings.

A small bed carpeted with Seduni spectabile
intermixed with A'eronica incana is also very
pretty; these two bloom about the same time,
and have bright cheerful foliage when out of
flower ; they are dwarf, and may also be used for
edging or lines. The dwarf species of Cam-
panula are very pretty and useful, especially for
early summer flowering ; and the indispensable
A'iolas will occur to everybody. A'iola Bluebell,
after blooming splendidly up to the end of June,
and then cut back, is beautifully in bloom in
some places. We should be glad if some of our
correspondents will give our readers the benefit
of their experience in massing hardy flowering
plants in beds for eft'ect, and especially with plants
of pleasing foliage, which will keep up the interest
of the arrangements after the flowers have
disappeared.

EncepHALARTOS AltenSTEINII.— The massive
grandeur and noble proportions of the Cycads, and
the relatively little attention they require, makes
us wonder that, in large establishments at least, they
are not more frequently grown than they are. No
visitor to Kew can fail to be impressed with the mag-
nificent collection of these plants in the Palm-stove
there. They are particularly striking wlien seen
in the condition represented in fig, 66, throwing up
a sheaf of new leaves, and bearing their gigantic
cones. A full-page illustration of one of these cones
was given in om number for September 25, 1876.
Our present illustration, taken from a photograph
sent to us from Natal by Mr. Adlam, shows a plant
growing at Maritzburg, at an elevation of 2000 feet.
"The cones are shown separating into their component
scales, while a tuft of new leaves uprears itself to
continue the npward growth of the tree. In the
background are Bamboos and other plants. For the
botanical history of the plant we may refer to the
article before cited.

A New Yellow Water-Lily.— A few weeks

ago Mous. Latoor-JIarliac, nurseryman, Temple-
sur-Lot, Garonne, scut to Kew flowers and leaves of
three Nympha^as, all of which were so distinct from
any cultivated there that plants were at once secured
for the Kew collection. Two of these are now
flowering, and one had a beautiful flower expanded
on Sunday last. M. Marliac claims to have raised
these Nymphajas from chance seedlings, and what-
ever their origin they are certainly valuable addi-
tions to this lovely family of aquatic plants. The
leaves are similar in shape to those of N. odorata,
from which, however, they differ in being blotched
and marbled with purple, as in N. flava. The flower
also is comparable in size and sliape with that of
N. odorata, but the colour, which is the principal
feature iu this new kind, is a soft canary-yellow — the

September 3, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEBS' CHUONICLE.

281

yellow of a Mar&hal Xiel Rose. The flower ex-
pands in the evening and closes a little before noon.
M. JfAiiLiAC states that the flowers with him measure
6 inches in diameter (that at Kew is 4 inches), and
that the plant is iiiiite hardy even in the North of

however, accept the first with a slight alteration, and
call the plant Jlarliac's Lily or the Canary Water-Lily.
(This last name is suggested in the Garden.) We ob-
ject on principle to the application of a Latin name to
iin undetermined and unregistered plant, llitherto

Ryde Horticultural Society.— The annual
show, under the management of the Ryde Sports
and Amusements Association, took place on Thurs-
day, August 25, in the beautiful grounds of the Isle
of Wight College, and we must give Jlr, D. Smith,

FlO. 66.— ENCEPHALAKT03 ALTEXSTEINII. (sEE P. 280.)

France. He also says the flowers are produced in
profusion from the beginning of May till the end of
October. The name of this new NymphsEa has yet
to be decided upon. M. Marliac calls it N. Jlar-
liaceachromatellafoliis hepatico-marmoratis, but this
will never do for gardens or catalogues. We might.

the only yellow-flowered Nymphteas known were N.
flava, a pretty but shy flowering North American
species, and N. amazonum, a dull and not attractively
coloured one from Brazil. There are good reasons
for believing that N. Marliaci is of hybrid origin, its
parents being N, flava and N, odorata.

gardener, who has been on the estate over thirty years,
great credit for the way in which the gardens are kept.
The entries were more numerous than last year, and
the exhibits, especially fruit and vegetables, were
good, considering the dry season. The weather was
almost tropically hot, and there was a good attend-

282

THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

[Septemeeb u, 1887,

ance, especially in tlie evening;. The following are a
few of the principal exhibitors: — Mr. G. Wilkin,
gr. to S. W. Ridley, Esq., was the principal
exhibitor in stove and greenhouse Ferns, Palms,
&c., and took all leading honours ; Mr. J. Attrell,
gr. to E. Eadclifte, Esq., showed well in all
classes ; Mr. Tollay, gr. to Lady Oglander, came well
to the front with fruit; and Mr. J. Dale, gr. to
\V. Gibbs, Esq., Shanklin, showed well cut blooms,
button-holes, and lady-sprays ; while in the com-
petition, Mr. Banting, florist, Shanklin, took l.st.
The jubilee floral devices brought si.x entries. Mr.
.T. Burt taking 1st honours, with fifty varieties of
flowers ; 2nd, Mr. G. Spragg. The cottagers' classes
were well represented.

Testimonial to Mr. James Huntley.~A

subscription has been set on foot in the town of
Trowbridge to present a testimonial to Mr. .James
Huntley, corn merchant, of Trowbridge, who for the
]>ast twenty-four years has filled the post of hon.
secretary to the local horticultural society. So
much of the popularity and success of the Trow-
bridge Flower Show is due to Mr. Huntley's ener-
getic administration, that he deserves a handsome
acknowledgment of valuable services.

The Forbury Gardens, Reading.— These

public gardens, which are a ])ortion of the i>roperty
of the Corporation of this thriving town, can now
be seen to the best advantage. Though occupying
somewhat of an eminence with a face towards the
river Thames, the aspect of the gardens is exceed-
ingly gay and effective, despite the drought, the
grass and flowers alike being beautifully fresh.
Tliese gardens form the via media by which visitors
are enabled to reach the exhibitions of the Reading
Horticultural Society within the Abbey ruins, and
they also afford space for promenade, as the band is
stationed here also. The maintenance of the For-
bury Gardens is entrusted by the Corporation to Mr.
George Phippex. nurseryman, Oxford Road, Reading,
and the way in which they are kept is highly credit-
able alike to Mr. Phippen and the Corporation.

Plant Portraits : Erratum.— In our last

issue Odontoglossum cuspidatum and Dendrobium
purpureum candidulum were inadvertently mentioned
as having been figured in the Illustration Horticole
instead of in the Lindcnia.

The Grass and Clover Crops.— Advices

recently received from the grass and Clover-growing
districts of Darmstadt, Germany, show that the
seeds of the present year's harvest compare favour-
ably, as ftir as quality is concerned, with those of last
year, though the average yield is smaller than it
has been for some seasons past. The wet weather
which prevailed in the spring, followed by the
unusual drought of the summer, have been keenly
felt in Germany as in England, and caused reduced
crops. Of Cocks-foot grass the crop is short, and
reports from Neiv Zealand .and the United States
show the same result. The better and heavier pro-
duce of these countries may be considered as im-
ported, and what is now forthcoming does not
appear to be of such good quality as that already
received. Meadow Foxtail shows about the same
yield as last year ; but heavy full seed is scarce, and
what is available needs to be carefully examined
Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass, and Wood Meadow-
grass show deficient yields, indeed the latter is
almost a failure, and prices for seed of extra quality
will be high. Rough-stalked Meadow-grass has
yielded about the same crop as last year, but the
quality is exceptionally good. Tall Fescue-grass is
again very scarce, and prices are high ; Meadow
Fescue, Sheep's Fescue, and Hard Fescue have been
harvested plentifully, and prices are moderately low.
Of narrow-leaved Fescue and Sweet Vernal grasses,
80 little has been gathered that the expected demand
cannot possibly be supplied with genuine pure seeds,
and very high prices had to be paid for what has
been obtained. The crop of Crested Dog's-tail-grass
appears also to be very short, and prices will become

higher as the season advances. The reports con-
cerning Timothy-grass are also unfavourable. Of
red Clover but very few samples have come in as
yet, and these are small in the grain, inferior in
appearance, and but a poor yield is expected in Ger-
many. The same might be said of white Clover,
while Alsike Clover shows exceeding fine quality as
well as good crops, and so the demand for it is
likely to be great.

"The Naturalists Monthly." — This is a

newly established journal, edited by Dr. J. W.
WiLLUMS, and published by W.^lteu Scott, of
Warwick Lane, London. Judging from the articles
in the first number the object of the new journal is
to dift'use as accurate a knowledge of the natural
history of plants and animals as is possible con-
sistently with the adoption of an untechnical and
"popular" style. The articles are varied, one
entitled " A Study in my Garden," by Mr. H. W. S.
WoESLEy-BENisoN, will be of interest to Rose
growers and others, as will an article ou " The Snails
and Slugs of my Garden."

British Association.— Sir Heney Roscoe's

address as President takes up nearly seven columns
of the Times, so that we can only refer to it as an
address of extreme interest to a practical nation, as
we claim to be. Sir Henry deals with the progress
of chemistry for the last half century, and he shows
how vastly material progress has been jendered pos-
sible by the successful application of abstract prin-
ciples or theories. Let those who superciliously sav
that an ounce of practice is worth more than a ton
of theory read this address, and then see where their
ounce of practice would have been without the
theory. Let them regard all the great advances in
manufactures, electrical applications, and so on, and
they will find that the progress is absolutely due to,
first, the discovery of abstract principles — theories,
and then by their successful application. The same
laws, Sir Henry tells us, regulate organic and
inorganic life ; and though we cannot make proto-
plasm live, nor even make protoplasm itself, we can
make the compounds out of which it is formed.
We must defer any further notice of this remarkable
address.

" The German Flora."— The first volume of
this publication, edited by Dr. Thome, and illus-
trated by 160 plates in colours by Walter Miller,
is before us. The work is said to be intended
especially for schools ; but German schoolboys seem
to be of the same race as that one mentioned by
Mac.4Ulay. The text is in German, but the plates,
which are excellent, appeal to all nationalities. In
this country we have nothing to approach it at the
price, and as the British and German Floras are verv
similar, it would be a good investment for our
students to purchase this book. They wil get nothing
so good for anything like the same money in this
country.

The JARDIN DES PlANTES.— We have received
a list of living plants, hardy and otiierwise, offered
in exchange by the authorities of the Paris Jardin
des Plantes. Application should be made to Pro-
fessor CoRNu, the Director, Rue Cuvier, 27, Paris.

Royal Caledonian Horticultural So-
ciety.— The autumn show of this Society, to be
held in the Waverley Market, Edinburgh, on
Wednesday and Thursday, 7th and 8th inst., pro-
mises to be one of the largest of the ordinary
autumn or fruit shows which the Society has held
for many years. The fine season experienced in most
parts of Scotland has brought fruit and vegetables —
the principal features of the autumn show — to
greater perfection than they have been seen in for
many years. The numerous entries made lor com-
petition in both these classes indicates that there
will be a very large and interesting display. As might
be expected after such a rich flower season the ex-
hibits in the honey department will much exceed

those of any previous show since this branch was
instituted some ten years ago for the encourage-
ment of bee-keeping.

The Desert Flora.— Under the title Die
Flora (ler .Kiiiplish-Arahischni Wiifte Dr. George
VoLKENs has published a series of observations ou
the plants of the Egyptian and Arabian desert,
detailing the peculiar features of the vegetation.
The physiological history of the plants is given in
relation to the absorption and transpiration of
water or vapour, the assimilation or digestion of food,
the mechanical framework, the fertilisation of the
flower and the dispersion of the seed. All these
phenomena, it is obvious, must be more or less
modified to suit the remarkable climatal conditions
that prevail. Specially interesting are the anatomical
details relating to particular species, and showing
how the internal conformation of stem and leaf is
adapted in compliance with the intense heat and light
of the district in cjuestion, and especially in relation to
the great drought. The large amount of assimilating
cells in proportion to the cells not containing chloro-
phyll is a marked feature, showing that diminished
surface is compensated for by increased number of
chlorophyll cells, the loose spongy tissue of the leaf
being greatly reduced. We are confident that much
valuable information for practical cultivators might
be obtained from a careful investigation of the inter-
nal structure of the leaf and other organs, and their
adaptation to various climatal conditions. We have
given illustrations of this in the case of Orchids, and
trust that ere long some of the rising school of
anatomists will turn their attention in this direction.

" Bees and Bee-keeping. " — We have now lying
before us Parts "J, 10, and 11 o( Sees and Bec-keepinff,
vol. ii., by Frank R. Cheshire (published by L.
Upcott Gill, 170, Strand). We have before dived
into what has been written by Mr. Cheshire, and
have always been impressed with what he has
to say. He has given a lifetime to the scientific and
practical study of the honey-bee, and has been emi-
nently successful. Part 9 contains the continuation
of " Raising and Introduction of Queens," and the
commencement of " The Apiary : its Establishment
and General Management." Part 10 contains the
continuation of the same subject, while Part 11
finishes it, and commences a chapter on the pro-
duction of honey. It is impossible in a brief notice
to go fully into all the tilings mentioned by Mr.
Cheshire ; suBice it to say that the subject is treated
of in an exhaustive manner, and there seems little
or nothing left unsaid. Every book which Mr.
Cheshire has laid under contribution receives due
acknowledgment, and the result is almost eucyclo-
pa;dic. We strongly recommend his work to all
interested in bee-keeping or bees.

The Mucilage Cells of Blechnum occi-

DENTALE and OSMUNDA REGALIS. — Mr. TOKOTARO
Ito, F.L.S.,and Mr. Walter Gaiidineb, M.A., lately
communicated to the Royal Society a paper on this
subject : — " The growing point of many Ferns is
found to be covered with a slimy mucilage which arises
from hairs situated ou the palex and the leaves, or,
where paleaj are absent, on the leaves only. This
mucilaginous secretion serves a most important
jihysiological function, in that it readily takes up
and retains water, and thus keeps the young bud
moist, and at the same time tends to prevent too
excessive transpiration. The cells which secrete the
mucilage are large and swollen, and the secretion
escapes by the rupturing of the cell wall. They
investigated two cases of mucilaginous secretion, viz.,
Blechnum occidentale, where in each hair only
the terminal cell is glandular, and Osmunda regalis,
where usually all the cells of the hair are
equally endowed with the secretory function. They
found that the mucilage arises from the protoplasm
only and not from the cell wall, and that the whole
process is distinctly intraprotoplasmic. The struc-
ture of a mature gland is wonderfully like that of
the secretory animal cells investigated by Lanoley.
{Cambridge Phil, Soc. Proc., vol. v., p. 25.)"

September 3, 1887.]

THE GAIiDENEBS' CIIBONICLE.

283

Colonial Notes.

THE ArPLE CROP OF N( )VA SCOTIA.

The yearly increasing extent and importance of
our Apple orchards and small fruit farms, and the
constant improvements that are being introduced in
tlieir management, render them of special interest in
our crop returns. The enquiries made respecting
the orciiards and fruit were these : — Present appear-
ance of Apple and other orchards; whether the fruit
set well, and is maturing satisfactorily ; what
varieties are likely to be, respectively — average, over
average, and under average, in quantity ; also, what
varieties promise to be superior, inferior, and aver-
age, in quality. Further, what extent of new orchard
has been planted in the district this season.

In giving the results, it is desirable to distinguisli
between the counties that form the great seat of the
Apple industry (where orchards are numerous and
extensive, and which supply the English and
American market) ; and those in which fruit is
grown on a limited scale, merely or mostly for home
consumption, or where the planting of extensive
orchards is so recent that they have not yet come
into bearing. Although certain districts in other
counties have shown their capacity for the produc-
tion of splendid Apples, yet most of the orchards
that supply the English market are in Annapolis and
King's Counties.

Last year the Apple crop was reported from the
fruit counties as fully 20 per cent, above the yield of
any previous year, and the fruit of excellent quality,
the most promising market sorts being Baldwin,
Northern Spy, Gravenstein, Nonpareil, Rhode Island
Greening, Ribston Pippin, and Golden Russet ; lots
of the last named brought the highest prices at the
late winter sales in England. In King's and An-
napolis Counties there was not so much extension of
the orchard area as in some former years, but more
attention was paid to culture, so as to produce tlie
best possible quality of fruit. Whilst the crop was
unusually large in Annapolis County, many of the
orchards in King's suftered from canker-worm, fail-
ing to set, and dropping of fruit, so that in the latter
county there was not more than an average crop.
The fruit, however, was of good quality, and brought
unusually large prices.

This year, in Annapolis County, Clements reports
a probable average crop ; Salem, prospect of a de-
ficient crop, owing to spring frost and other causes,
but fruit promises to be of good quality. At Round
Hill, owing to high winds, insects, &c., fruit did not
set well, so that the crop will be under average. At
Annapolis, also, the setting was interfered with,
especially in Nonpareils, by the blossom-worm, and
all sorts are largely under average. Nictaux reports
trees thrifty, and that they blossomed well, but,
owing to frosts at setting time, the crop will be
small. In Clarence the orchards are thrifty, but
fruit did not set well ; as at Annapolis, so here, the
Nonpareil is the chief sufferer, but other leading
market sorts — Baldwin, Bishop Pippin, Gravenstein,
Ribston Pippin— are all under average. At Bridge-
town the trees blossomed very fully, notwithstanding
the large crop of the previous year, but the fruit did
not set, and there will not be over half of an average
crop, quality poor also in some varieties. At Para-
dise the Apple crop is far under average ; the show
of blossoms was very fine, but owing to spring frosts,
or other causes, the fruit did not set as fully as pro-
mised. lOng of Tompkins promises fair quality, also
Blenheims, all other varieties below average.

In King's County, West Cornwallis reports appear-
ance below average, from fruit not setting well ;
Plums blossomed abundantly, but give little sign of
fruit. In Cornwallis generally the orchards are not
as promising as last year ; Ribstons promise average,
but Baldwins, Northern Spy, and Bishop Pippin, are
inferior. In Lower Horton the canker-worm has
done some injury, but the fruit set well, and is now
maturing well, so that there is a good prospect of
crop. G. Lawson, Secretary for Agriculture . ■

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Peaches Asn Nectabines. — The gathering of
these fruits will now claim daily attention. They
are much better gathered before becoming too ripe,
and kept in the fruit-room for a day or two, previous
to being sent in for dessert. The trees should still
receive attention by kee])ing all newly made growths
persistently pinched or cut out, and any that are
found to be too thickly furnished with fruiting wood
for next year's crop sliould be thinned out as soon
as the trees are cleared of their fruits, so as to
enable the fruiting shoots to thoroughly ripen up
their buds ; and as the trees become cleared of their
fruit attend to the thorough cleansing of the trees
by the use of the garden engine, and insecticide, if
neceasary. Also give tiiem thorough root-waterings
till there has been a good soaking of rain, as red-
spider will be found to have increased rapidly during
the time of the ripening of the fruit. Apricots
should also receive the same attention now they are
cleared of their fruits.

Figs that are ripe or ripening will also require
daily attention. In gathering take great care in
handling the fruit, as it is easily bruised. Tliese are
best gathered when quite ripe, llulbei-ries are now
ripening, and will form a variety to the supply for
the dessert and culinary purposes. Should the trees
be growing on turf the ripest of the fruit may be
allowed to fall, and can be gathered up for dessert
purposes, as these are the rtnest of the fruit, and in
falling on grass are not damaged in any way. Their
flavour will also be found to be better than those
gathered from off the tree, E. Ward HeiocU, BromS'
grove.

Home Correspondence.

EFFECT OF SALT ON NARCISSUS TRIANDRUS.—

The native country of Narcissus triandrus (Linnaeus) —
I am speaking of the white flowered form only — is the
north-west coast of Spain and Portugal. It also
attains its largest development in an island on the
south-west coast of Brittany. In all these places,
and especially in the latter, it is within the influence
of the salt spray brought from the Atlantic by
westerly gales, which must impregnate not only the
air but the soil. This saline matter, which in Eng-
land is often carried as far as the Midland Counties,
may be a more important factor in the distribution of
plants than is generally supposed. Last winter I
tried the effect of sprinkling one side of a pan of N.
triandrus with salt and leaving the other side witii-
out salt. On turning out the bulbs recently those on
the salted side were found to be far larger than those
on the other, Of course the experiment must be
many times repeated, before any theory can be
proved by it: but I mention it, in case others
may be disposed to make the same experiment.
C. 'WoUcy Bod.

POTATO SCAB.—" A. D." will find, if he refers to
the notice upon this subject that I do not make the
statement on my own authority that this disease is
caused by excess of wet, and is augmented by the
application of farmyard dung, but on the investiga-
tions of several German experimentalists who may
usually be trusted for their careful and systematic
researches. From several inquiries which I have
made in this neighbourhood during the past week I
find that soil, as well as season and manure, has
much to do with the development of scab in the
Potato, In one field where the soil is of a hot
gravelly nature, and to which a liberal dressing of
farmyard dung has been given, scab is now most
prevalent with all varieties. In another field, of
moderately stiff loam and clay, also manured with
farmyard dung, a crop of Early Rose Potatos now
being dug is entirely free from scab. In my own
garden, where the soil is of medium quality,
scab has not been observed this season in any of the
earlier varieties, but in wet seasons it has sometimes
been seen. In an adjoining piece of land the Potato
crop is always liable to scab let the season be wet or
dry ; this is thought to be due to the fact that a pre-
vious occupier deluged the land with coal-ashes. In
some of the Rothamsted experiments, where Potatos
are grown year after year on the same land, ten plots
are set apart, to one of which no manure is ever applied ;
the other nine plots each receive a different manurial
application, the same description of manure being
applied to the same plot each year. Here we have con-

ditions which one would think most conducive to
disease, and yet it is only on the plots to which
farmyard manure is applied, either alone or in com-
bination with artificrAl manures, that there is any
indication of scab, and then only in very wet seasons.
It will be of interest to note the effects of the various
manures upon this particular disease in this excep-
tionally dry year, and I will endeavour to report the
result after the crop has been lifted. John J. W'dlis,
Haiycmhn.

WASPS. — The following extract from a letter
from a clerical friend in the West of England may
be both amusing and instructive : — " Flies are

rather a plague at on Sundays. They

swarmed into the chapel-of-ease yesterday after-
noon (August 21), thronging the windows; but a
party of wasps soon found them out. By the time
the Psalms were ended the windows were cleared of
flies, and then the wasps were able to bestow all
their attention upon the pomatum of the congrega-
tion. Wasps in the hot weather are an excellent
substitute for the old-fashioned beadle and stick."
IL M. I.

Noticing that your correspondent, Richard

Weller, has tried all the usual sour drinks for the
destruction of wasps without effect, I beg to re-
commend to him a preparation just introduced by
Barclay, of Farringdon Street, London, under the
name of " Deatii to Wasps." which extensive trial
has proved to be most effectual. It is a powder,
lialf a teaspoonful of which, put into tlie mouth
of a nest, proves instant death to every wasp inside
and renders it perfectly safe to dig out the nest at
leisure and destroy all grubs. JV. P. [Another cor-
respondent also advises the use of this preparation.
Ed]

~- — In reply to Mr. Weller's inquiry at p. 256,
as to the best means for destroying wasps, I may
state that I have used the following, and find it
very eflectual: — 4 oz. cyanide of potassium [Potson],
dissolved in a half-pint of water; a piece of any
old linen about G inches square, well soaked in
the above and placed at the entrances of each
nest, so that as the wasps go in or out they will
have to pass over the rag. In a very short time
the entrance will be blocked with dead wasps ; if the
rag is covered with them they should be brushed off,
so that all may come ill contact with it. This is
a very effectual and not an expensive remedy. In this
way I have destroyed sixty-seven nests this season,
which is a proof that wasps are very plentiful here.
It should be remembered that the substance is a
poison, and must be carefully used. Aiulrew Campbell,
The Gardens. Ask/ord, Cong, Co. Galway,

FUNGUS IN MUSHROOM-HOUSE.— Is the en-
closed tjie fructification of the fungus called dry-rot ?
I found it hanging from the roof (inside) of our
Mushroom-house, which is boarded. J. G. N. [The
example sent for identification has nothing to do
with the fungus of dry-rot. It is the tough carti-
laginous stem of a fungus, without cap or fruit, a
little over 2 feet 8 inches long, and a little more
than a quarter of an inch in diameter. It is the stem
of a fungus named Lentinus lepideus, said to be rare
— this, however, is not our experience. It generally
grows on Fir wood, and is destructive to roofs, &c.,
made of Fir. It frequently grows in a monstrous
and abnormal manner. There is a good example in
the British Museum, where "J. G. N.'s " specimen
has been sent. W. G. S.

FASCIATED PINE-APPLE.— I enclose you a pho-
tograph of a very large specimen, showing fasciation
in the Pine-apple. The specimen was obtained from
the higher part of the Berbice River, and was sent
to the museum here by a Mr. Duggin, of New Amster-
dam. The basal portion below the point of separation
of the stems was raised about 1 foot from the ground,
and bore a few adventitious roots. Some of the
small stems bore one, some two, some four and five
small Pines, several of which were ripe when the
specimen was obtained. In all there were more
than twenty small Pines on the one coalesced mass,
Juhn J. Quck-h, Curator, British Guiana Museum,
Demerara,

TWELVE WEEKS OF DROUGHT.— I noticed in
the weather report of August 6 rather frequent
showers of rain over England. This might have been
so over some parts of England — not in this part of
Hertfordshire, with the exception of a slight shower
or two on the 18th inst. ; consequently fruit trees are
beginning to feel the want of moisture, except those
that have been freely watered ; those having their

284

THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeh 3, 1887.

roots near the surface and bearing heavy crops are
suftVring most, especially on light soil. Pyramids on
borders are looking healthy, bearing average crops of
clean shapely fruit, more especially those having
their roots down into the lower region, where the
influence of our present tropical heat has not i-eached ;
so much for deep root-run. Still the writer is not
an advocate of deep root- run in the case of fruit trees.
Gardeners would do well to take note of - their
fruit trees during the recent weather ; I think
one could almost satisfy himself about where tlie
roots of his trees are. As regards quantity and
quality of fruit, small fruits were good, except Goose-
berries and Raspberries — the latter were exceedingly
small and thin. Water was freely administered on
Strawberries ; the result was an excellent crop, of
good quality ; I consider they have highly paid
the labour bestowed upon them. Vegetables on
light soil are very poor ; those on trenched and
highly manured gi-ound turned out best. I highly
recommend deep trenching with plenty of manure
for summer vegetables, especially in such trying
seasons as the present. We gi'ow our Peas on the
French system, i.e.. opening a trench 2k feet wide,
18 inches deep, 1 foot of well decayed manure in the
bottom, 6 inches of soil on the top ; all the trenches
are opened and filled a few weeks previous to sowing.
I may state that we sow about 13 quarts of Peas.
Our second sowing at the jiresent time is quite fresli
and flowering the second time, and by the help of
rain we shall have two or three gatherings yet. All
our successional sowings are doing the same down
to the latest — Ne Plus Ultra and James Veitch's
Perfection, which are flowering freely at the present
time. I may say that they have been all watered
three times a week (not morning watering, but after-
noon, between 4 and 5 o'clock). Those who have
failed with their Peas this season should adopt
the trench system in the future, or well trenched
ground, well manured, which will prove the same.
Potatos are very small, but of good quality ; the
varieties are ^lyatt's Prolitic and Veitch's Ashleaf.
We have other successes and failures, perhaps of
interest to many, but in case of encroaching too
much on your valuable columns I shall withdraw.
/. Cameron.

DROUGHT IN THE SOUTH OF IRELAND.— Nothing
could be more varied, according to soil and situation,
as you must have noticed by some of the correspond-
ence already sent you on the subject of drought. 1
know two gardens within easy reach : one is cool and
low-lying, and has at present splendid crops of
Apples, Pears, and outdoor wall Peaches — never
finer ; and, what is almost better, owing to perfect
ripening of the wood, a certainty of having them even
better next year. Another, more elevated, and with
soil of a limestone formation, has the foliage of the
same fruit trees either drooping and withered, and
the fruit hanging stunted and wrinkled, or fallen
quite worthless. I have recently visited very much
of the country, and I venture to say there is not a
green velvety lawn in the " Green Island " to-day.
When this is the case with lawns and tennis-grounds,
you can readily imagine the crisped and burnt-up
appearance of grass fields and pastures. It is amusing
to find correspondents having no wasps. Why, I
have seen Peach walls and vineries where the " traps "
had perforce to be used, and as numerously as the fruit ;
and Mr. Gough, of Birdhill, gave up the vineries to
them altogether, as it took the head gardener
too much away from looking after his specialty
— the Orchids. Taking a look around to-day, here
are some of my experiences. Owing to dryness at the
roots which a limited supply of rather hard water
prevents me from remedying, none of ray Dahlias —
show, fancy. Cactus, or pompon — the singles are wholly
malformed — have come to any perfection ; nor
have my neighbour's; while at the Duumore East show
a few days ago the judges came to the conclusion
they had never seen finer than a stand of forty-eight
sent by Messrs. Saunders, of Cork, not for competi-
tion. 1 have a large collection of Gladiolus ganda-
vensis, and, like the Dahlias (though they are free
from the customary red-spider on the foliage), after
opening a day or two tlie blooms swarm with thrips.
Among trees and shrubs thcElm and Lilac are the two
first to become denuded, and already they are wear-
ing the mournful appearance of mid-October. Among
flowers, Pansies and Primulas seem to have suff'ered
first and worst. I tried to save some novelties of
both by covering tliem wholly over with clay. The
catalogue is a dark one, and might be continued, but
I must conclude with a look at the other side of the
picture. Snails and slugs must have had a bad time
of it — they are certainly scarce, comparatively,

even after a shower, from their Box-edging lair.
Antirrhinums and Pelargoniums seemed to revel in
the sunshine, and seed of those, as of Carnations and
Picotees, should be good and plentiful. It is amusing
in mid-August to see autumn Crocus and the Crown
Anemones throwing up flower-buds, as 1 now notice
— the latter for the second time this year. IT. J.
Murphy, Clonrnel.

DISAS. — By this day's parcel post I have sent
you three forms ofDisagrandiflora, viz., D. g. grandi-
rtora, D. g. violascens, and Mr. Gumbleton's var.,
D. g. rosea. The bottom flowers of our own
two varieties have been open five weeks, and Mr.
Gumbleton's three weeks, and I do not think the
latter will bear the test of being the brightest form,
and such is the opinion of some of your corre-
spondents. I had my plant direct from Mr.
Gumbleton, and he has violascens from us. Mr. G.
is rather hard on the Chatsworth form. Fred. Bedford,
Co. Kildare.

TRAINING WIRE.— The unsightly appearance of
sticks and other devices used in training plants,
to say nothing of the time occupied in adjusting
them,' induces gardeners to resort to other means for
the purpose, such as the employment of wire collars,
of perforations in the rim of the pot, and so on.
The arrangement shown at fig. 67 will commend
itself for its simplicity and efticiency. The wire
ring slipped over tlie pot, from below upwards, and
fixed beneath the rim, is provided with a series of

loops to which the " ties " can be affixed, or by means
of which the pot can be suspended. These wires are
made at a cheap rate by Mr. Day, of Bedford. H.

CARNATIONS. — Lovers of Carnations who may
be visiting Matlock would do well to see a fine col-
lection now in bloom at Mr. Jno. Brown's, Matlock
Bank; they are excellent, and Jlr. Brown will be
delighted to show any one his favourites. S.

INFLUENCE OF SCION ON STOCK.— I have an
interesting instance of the above in our nursery.
Several young English Elms were gi-afted in the
spring with the new variegated variety, Louis Van
Houtte, one of which, after lingering some time,
perished with the drought. The stock has now
thrown out several shoots, one of which, on the
opposite side to which the scion was placed, is
identical with the variety with which the stock was
grafted. George Swaites, The Nurseries, Veivrlei/,
[Kindly send lis a leaf of the scion, if you can spare
one, and one of the stock for us to see. Ed.]

CI^PRIPEDIUM ORPHANORUM. — This garden
hybrid was named by Dr. Beichenbach (see p. 231).
It was raised in Messrs. Veitch's nursery, parent-
age unknown, hence the name. 1 examined the
flowers carefully with Mr. Seden, and it is evident
that C. barbatum is the seed-bearer, and probably
C. Druryi the pollen-parent. Those who have had
no experience with the raising of seedling Orchids
cannot conceive how difficult it is to keep a complete
record of them. Some of the seeds will drop out of
the pods before they are gathered, and sow them-
selves. In one case I had given up hopes of getting
any plants from a sowing, and repotted the

plants on which seeds had been scattered, and
after many days some twenty fine baby Cypri-
pediums are found clustering round the base of a
plant when the source from which they had been
derived was forgotten. We have them now ! They
will flower some day doubtless— another C. orphan-
orum. J. D.

This name (see Gardcim-s Chroniek, August

20, p. 231, col. 2), was given by Professor Reichen-
bach to a hybrid Cypripedium raised by Mr. Seden,
of which the parentage is uncertain. This Cypriped
is described by him in the Gardeners' Chroiiiele,
xxvi. (1886), p. 166. The Professor very rarely sins
in his selection of classical words ; he does not in the
present instance, for although " orphanus-a-um " was
not adopted by any Latin classical writer, the word
oj>ipavhs-Ti-hi' is as pure a classical word as any to be
found throughout the whole range of Greek litera-
ture. It was in use from the earliest times, for it
occurs in Od., xx., line sixty-eight, thus: — " ai if
AiiroiTo iptfiaval tv fieydpoiiTL." The equivalent Latin
for opcfjavos is properly orbus, of which the verbal
form is orhire. A. H. K.

CAMPANULA VIDALLI. — Although introduced
from tlie Azores as long since as 1851, and figured
in the Butanieal Mar/a:iiie (t. 4748), this noble
Campanula is still scarcely to be seen out of
botanic gardens. The plant' has been in flower this
summer in the cool compartment of the T ''!i"g'^
at Kew, where its distinct habit and drooping
racemose wax-like flowers have been very striking.
The illustration, prepared for lis by Mr. Weathers
(fig. 68), shows the character of the flowers, but
does not indicate the half-shrubby nature of the
plant, which attains a height of some 2—3 feet. It
is excellently adapted for the cool greenhouse or for
the decoration of the summer flower beds. It
was originally introduced through Mr. H. C. Watson
and Mr. Peter Wallace, gardener to our old corre-
spondent, Don Jose do Canto.

LILIUM POLYPHYLLUM.— Jly request for infor-
mation as to the growth of this plant in its native
habitats has been so fully responded to by Mr. E.
Huftelen, of Le Roy, New York, that I think you
might like to publish his letter, copied below : — "I
saw your paragi'aph on Lilium polyphyllum, which
has just reached me. Now I have not been to India,
but last year, feeling the need of more direct infor-
mation concerning this particular Lily, I wrote to
an old friend of mine— now a Dutch missionary in
that country — to look the matter over and report to
me. I translate from his letter as follows : — ' I did
not find L. polyphyllum growing at a low altitude
on the mountains, where I imagine the winters are
as severe as they are with you, though not so long.
I find them almost invariably growing on ground
sloping to the north, so that at no time during the
day can the direct rays of the sun strike the ground
squarely, as would be the case if they grew on ground
sloping to the south. However, I have in one or
two instances seen them growing in a southern
exposure, but they were shaded by low shrubs. I
am satisfied that "this Lily is not an aquatic, nor
does it appear to be a true alpine. I notice it grows
much better in such soil as seems to have been washed
down from the heights above, of about half-and-
half gravelly soil and vegetable fibre. Though it
seems to seed freely it is far from being plentiful.
As the natural conditions of its growth appear
to be very simple, there should be no difficulty
with it under cultivation. It is a very hand-
some Lily, fragrant, too, and stately, growing 5 or
6 feet high, with from four to six flowers on
a stalk. The ground colour is old pearl-white,
dotted along the midrib of the petals with
short, very fine royal purple lines. I feel sure
that if you can protect it from too much wet
during your long winter, you will succeed with
it. I think it will bear all the cold incident to
your climate. I have flowered this Lily for three
seasons, and like it very much. I have a light
board screen, about 2 feet high, along on the south
side of the row, to shade the ground, while the tops
gi'OW in the open sunshine without any shade, and
they flourish in a mean temperature of 88°.' My
flowers agree exactly with the description given by
my Dutch correspondent. It is true that, individually,
they vary like other Lilies, but collectively his
description is correct. In a postcript he adds : —
' These Lilies begin in the lowest places to flower in
June, and two miles further up the mountains I have
found them as late as August 1.' This shows the
effect of altitude ' I do not know if anything which
I have written touches any point upon whicli you

September 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

2S5

may be in doubt, and can only hope tliat it may not
be altogether without interest to you. By reading I
know that you, like myself, are particularly in-
terested in the Lily genus." George F. Wilson.

THE DROUGHT IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT.— I
congratulate Jlr. WoUey Dod heartily on such a
prosperous state of things with him in Cheshire ; but

Hall to be so extremely good is the well-nigh
unparallelled skill, assiduity, and knowledge of the
owner, who watches over them so well. Mr. WoUey
Dod has, beyond a doubt, great difficulties to contend
against in some respects, and his conditions are fre-
quently adverse ; but still, let him reflect that the
good time has evidently come to him at last. There
is no long lane without a turning in it, and this year

Fig. 68.— cajipakula tidalli : flowers white, (see p. 284.)

I am not in the least surprised at what he savs.
His garden and mine are at the very antipodes of
each other, and if one of them is in a bad way the
other is likely to be correspondingly happy. I have
often heard Mr. Dod bewail the hardness of his fate ;
he lives for the most part under weeping skies —
nothing colours with him as it ought to do ; bulbs
rot, alpines go off', Uses and such-like very glorious
things soon get into a sulky way in his hands ; there
is a lack of ozone in the atmosphere, and that
settles the whole matter. I believe all this to be
perfectly true, and what makes the gardens at Edge

of drought evidently suits him to perfection, and is
.just exactly what he wants. I wish I could just now
say as much for myself and my garden in Ryde. I have
not seen it for more than two months, but the letters
which I receive from my gardener are written within
and without with lamentation and mourning and
woe. He says that in the Isle of Wight the leaves
are either rapidly turning yellow, or they are off' the
trees altogether. The expression he uses is that the
garden looks as though it were in the middle of
October. He has never seen such a state of things
before — plants are only kept alive by incessant

watering ; the grass is all of a piece with the dusty
road, even such things as Delphiniums, Rudbeckias,
and the like cannot hold up their heads any more.
Nearly all beauty and happiness have, for the time
being, fled away from the place. Mr. Wolley Dod's
good time is not my good time I am quite sure, and,
after all, there may be more of compensation in our
lots over a term of years than perhaps we had dreamt
of. I can only console myself with the reflection that
liosts of bulbs are laying up stores of brightness for
the coming year, and I admit there iire some favour-
able exceptions amid the general ruin. I need not
trouble you with any enumeration of them, but I am
told th.at I'oinciana Gilliesii is blossoming in the
open against the gi-eenhouse wall, which it has never
done before. I have watched for this for some time,
and it has been in vain till now. If the plate in
Sweet's British Garden may be relied on at all, it must
be one of the most glorious of shrubs, and acting on
Canon Ellacombe's advice I grew it from seed some
eight or ten years ago. It has lived and grown to a
mrge size, but it has never had a single bloom till now.
Here also there is someting like an equilibrium estab-
lished. My poor garden is certainly at its worst
when about the best thing in it makes up for its
torpor. I expect that I'oinciana Gilliesii would,
under no circumstances whatever, put up with Edge
Hall, and there is some consolation for my gardener
ill his present state of depression to have one triumph
remaining, and to feel that all is not vet quite lost,
although the Isle of Wight, for the time being, seems
to be under a ban. In my next letter I shall have
something to say about my recent experiences in
^^witzerIand. H. E., Champfry.

LIME APPLIED TO LAND.— The application of
lime as a purifier of soil has for ages been familiar
to both horticulturists and agi-iculturists, but there
is little beneficial eff'ect seen, on account of the
small quantities used.or it may be the lime is left lying
exposed till its energies become wasted. We have
used it somewhat extensively during the past season,
and the eflfect is very marked indeed. On borders
for Peaches, Vines, &c., it has been used in moderate
quantity, after having been slaked. We mix it with
soil and a little soot when used for fruits, but for
land which has been sickened with continuous
manuring year after year the lime is carted direct
from the lime works, broken up into pieces, and
apread over the surface and dug in. The lime soon
becomes heated .and soft, and whatever vermin comes
within its reach is soon consumed. On one portion
of ground where Potatos grew fairly well, but has
looked sickly from the beginning, and which when
lifted were not fit for use, as snails had riddled them
completely, a quantity of lime was applied last winter,
as indicated above ; the ground was ridged up to
the action of frost ; Potatos were again planted during
April between the ridges, and the latter forked over
the sets. The result is that the tops are of the
richest green colour, the crop abundant, and no
snails to be seen. A Scot.

Societies,

DE'VON AND EXETER HORTICUL-
TURAL.

August 17. — The summer exhibition of this So-
ciety was held in the public grounds of Northern-
hay, Exeter. The weather unfortunately was very
wet during the afternoon, heavy showers falling at
intervals, and in the evening, when the grounds and
tents were illuminated, it was even more so.
Between the showers visitors attended in large
numbers to witness a gi-and display of plants, fruit,
cut flowers, and vegetables, which, despite the driest
of seasons on record, were excellent. The drought,
combined with the fact that several large private
garden establishments in the county have been closed,
diminished the competition to a certain extent.

Cat Floieers (open competition). — In the class for
twenty-four Roses, distinct, IMessrs. Curtis, Sand-
ford & Co. were 1st, staging a splendid lot of flowers,
superior to what are generally seen at this season.
The best were Centifolia rosea, Duke of Edinburgh,
Marie Verdier, Etienne Levet, Eugene Verdier,
Niphetos, Marquise de CastelUane, Horace Vernet,
Le Havre, Merveille de Lyon, Abel Carriere, and
Marechal Niel. The best forty-eight Dahlias,
double, distinct, came from Mr. Nation — a mag-
nificent even lot of blooms. His best were G. Dick-
son, Canary, A. F. Barron, Peri, Imperial, Duchess

286

THE GABDENER8' CEBONICLE.

[SEPTEMnra 3, 1887.

of Albany, George Barnes, Pelican, H. Austin, lion.
S. Herbert, James Cocker, Pi'acock, W. Lucas, H.
"Weir, and Tippy Bob ; 2nd, Mr. W. Osmond, wlio
had some very large and splendid blooms, but not so
even as those of the 1st prize lot. Mr. W. Rowland,
gr. to W. Brock, Esq., Parker's AVell House, E.xeter,
was 1st for eighteen bunches of cut flowers, putting
up a very superb lot of bloom.

General Prices. — Nine stove and greenhouse plants
in flower, distinct, were best from Mr. G. Locke, gr.
to AV. B. Cleave, Esq., Newcombes, Crediton, who
had a grand lot of plants, including Ixoras Williamsi,
Fraseri, and Prince of Orange, all well bloomed and
magniticent plants ; Ericas obbata, Eweriaua, and
aimula ; Clerodendron Balfouri, Eucharis amazonica.
2nd, Mr. Teed, gi-. to Mrs. Ensor, The Bungalow,
Exeter, who also staged excellent plants. Eor six
stove and greenhouse plants, in flower, 1st fell to
Mr. Rowland, who had fine plants of Lapageria rosea,
Allamanda Henderson!, Erica a;mula, Clerodendron
Balfouri. Mi". Locke was deservedly 1st for
nine stove and gi-eenhouse foliage plants, distinct,
with a grand lot of plants, including large, well
coloured specimens of Crotons Disraeli, C. Warreni,
C. Williamsi, also Kentia Balmoreana and K. Fos-
teriana ; 2nd, Mr. Rowland, who staged excellent
plants of Croton Andreanus and C. Disraeli, Alo-
casia rubra, A. Warocquiana, Thrinax elegans, Cycas
revoluta. For nine stove and greenhouse Ferns,
distinct, Mr. Locke again took 1st honours, showing
splendid examples of Gleichenia speluuncre (7 feet
through), G. Mendelli, Davallia Tyermanni, D.
polyantha, D. fijiensis, Microlepia hirta cristata, &c. ;
Mr. Rowland again followed, having especially good
Dicksonia antartica and Alsophila australis ; Mr.
Teed led with six stove and greenhouse Ferns,
showing Onychium japonicuni (not often seen as a
specimen plant), 4 feet through ; Gleichenia Men-
delii, Nephrolepis davallioides furcans, in good style.
In the class for a miscellaneous collection or group
of plants, arranged for eft"ect on 100 square feet of
staging, the 1st prize was a Silver Cup value £5.
Mr. Rowland was awarded 1st honours, and
deservedly so. His collection comprised Ixoras,
small Crotons, well coloured ; Cocos, Gloxinias,
Eucharis, Dipladenias, Ericas, Lilium auratum ; large
and small plants of Enlalia japonica variegata, and a
plentiful supply of Maidenhair Ferns in variety.
The whole were backed up with Cocos Weddelliana
and Euterpe graminifolia, and a large Eulalia: the
effect was very fine. Mr. Locke, who last year occu-
pied the 1st position, was awarded 2nd, his col-
lection running the 1st uncomfortably close. For
the similar group on 50 square feet the 1st prize was
awarded to Mr. Teed, who had a very skilfully
arranged group. Mr. Teed also led for British
Ferns. Six Fuchsias and six hardy exotic Ferns
were best from Mr. Molton — an excellent lot of
plants. The six double tuberous-rooted Begonias of
Mr. Rowland, a very fine lot of plants, secured him
another 1st ; while the best six singles came from
Mr. ]Molton ; 2nd, Jlr. Rowland. The prizes for
single and double zonal Pelargoniums were in each
case awarded to Mr. R. SladJen, while the 2nd went
to Mr. Jlolton.

Cut Flowers (Ainaicitrs). — The 1st lot of twenty-
four double Dahlias, distinct, came from Mr. J.
Nation, who had fine specimens of General Roberts,
H. Keith, George Dickson, F. Smith, Yellow Boy,
Rev. J. B. Camm, and Mrs. S. Hibberd ; 2nd, Mr. S.
Crump, gr. to Mrs. Hart. In the class for twelve
Cactus Dahlias, Mr. Dawe, gi*. to the Rev. J. L.
Yarde, Chudleigh, led, having a very fine lot, in-
cluding many new varieties ; these were — Juarezi,
Pink Perfection, Mrs. Pearson, Mrs. W. Tait, General
Gordon, Cochineal, White Constance, and Empress
of India ; 2nd, Mr. Crump, who also had a very
similar lot, in good condition. The same order was
observed with six pompons. Mr. Evans, gi-. to Ca])-
tain Christy, was 1st with twelve Roses, distinct,
showing nice blooms of Bouquet d'Or, C. Mermet,
Anna Olivier, Marechal Neil, Souvenir d'un Ami, &c.
Prizes were awarded for Asters, single and double
Pelargoniums, Zinnias, annuals and herbaceous
flowers, &c., which brought forth good competition
and fine exhibits.

Fruit. — Mr. Geo. Locke carried off another prize,
viz., for a collection of fruit, to consist of ten dishes,
and had good Black Hamburgh and Muscat Grapes,
Smooth Cayenne Pine, Moor Park Apricot, Fit-
maston Orange Nectarine, Castle Kennedy Figs, good
Royal George Peaches; 2nd. Mr. Teed. The best
collection of si.x kinds was from Mr. Pike, gr. to the
Rev. H. Clerk, Exmouth. This exhibitor also had
the finest three bunches of Black Hambugh Grapes,
and three bunches of Madreifii-ld Court, splendid

samples; while Mr. R. McMillan, gr. to Sir G.
Stuckley, Bedford, took Istforthree bunches of Muscat
Alexandria, showing very fine bunches, in good con-
dition. The best three bunches of Foster's Seedling
were from Mr. Langworthy ; while Mr. Rowland had
the 1st prize for three bunches of Buckland Sweet-
water. There was a good show in the various other
classes, which we cannot enumerate. Mr. Barnes
showed a fine lot of Citrons, gromi at Stood-
leigh.

IW/rlahlis. — For a collection of vegetables, twelve
distinct kinds, when the prizes were given by Messrs.
R. J. Veitch & Son, Exeter, there was a strong com-
petition, and in every instance remarkably good
produce was staged. The 1st prize was awarded to
jlr. Maris, whose collection comprised 'Veitch's
Intermediate Carrot, Snowball Turnip, Giant Rocca
Onion, Moore's Vegetable Cream Marrow, Tomato
Perfection, Girtford Giant Scarlet Runner, Autumn
Giant Cauliflower, Purley Park Cucumber, Duchess
of Albany Pea, all first-class. Cucumbers were,
perhaps as good a lot as it is possible to see, and
other vegetables were, on the whole, very good, but
not so numerously contested as usual.

Dinner - Tabic Decorations. — Special ))rizes of
5 guineas, 3 guineas, and 1 guinea, were ort'ered for
a table 4 feet 6 inches by 10 feet, completely
arranged with decorations of flowers, fruit, &c., and
laid for ten persons. It was intended to make this
a special feature of the show ; it brought forth four
competitors, but though the prizes were awarded, in
neither instance were they worthy of the sums
otl'ered. The only one which, in our opinion, showed
great taste throughout the whole arrangement, was
ignored by the .judges; Miss Osmond was the
exhibitor. 1st prize fell to Mrs. Chard, London ;
and 2nd, to Mr. J. Locke, Crediton.

MisccllancoiK. — Messrs. 'V'eitch & Son, as usual,
added much to the attractions of the e.xhibition by
their various exhibits, especially two arches of cork,
connecting the centre and side stages in one of the
tents. These were most tastefully filled in with Lyco-
pods. Ferns, and creepers. Their collection of plants
included a group of Pancratium fragrans, single and
double Begonias in great variety, pompone and
double Dahlias, Orchids, &c. Messrs. Lucombe,
Pince & Co., as on former occasion, contributed
largely to the exhibition, putting up a fine lot of
well flowered specimen greenhouse and stove flower-
ing and foliage plants, capital bo.xes of blooms of
Phloxes, Roses, Carnations, &c. Mr. Randall,
nurseryman, of E.xeter, sent a very nice collection of
plants, including many fine Lilium auratums, single
and double Begonias, Bouvardias, Palms. Ferns, &c.;
and Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., staged several
grand boxes of Roses.

WORCESTER HORTICXTLTTJRAL.

August 18. — The eighth annual summer show of
the Worcester City and County Horticultural So-
ciety was held in the grounds at Rose Hill, London
Road, the residence of the Mayor (Alderman W.
Holland), who is the President for the year. The
prolonged drought had naturally had a prejudicial
effect upon the show, which was smaller than on any
previous occasion. Taking into consideration, how-
ever, the extraordinary character of the season,
show may be considered very creditable and satisfac-
tory. In the section for professionals the chief feature
was the groups of miscellaneous plants, which'were of
more than average excellence. The competition in
flowering and foliage plants was small, but t'le class
for six varieties of ornamental foliage plants brought
forth some fine specimens, those sent by Mr. Walter
Holland — which included an enormous specimen of
Pandanus^ 'Veitchii — being deservedly awarded pre-
mier honours. Fuchsias, Caladiums, and Ferns were
hardly in such strong force as usual, but six exotic
Ferns, exhibited by Jlr. T. Rowley Hill, were note-
worthy, as being probably the best ever seen at one
of these shows. The Begonias again formed a very
pretty feature. The competition for cut flowers in
the Rose class, as was to be expected, was not very
keen, the season not having been favourable. The
blooms exhibited by Mr. W. J. Grant were finer than
might have been anticipated, and won 1st prize in
each class. The double Dahlias sent by Messrs.
Heath & Sons, of Cheltenham, were exceptionally
good, comparing favourably with that firm's exhibit
of last year. Few single Dahlias were shown, but
tlie collection of twenty-four blooms by Mr. .1. Hill
White was remarkably fine. There was a falling off
in the competition for vases of flowers for table use,
which, as on previous occasions, attracted much

attention. There were some beautiful bouquets, and
the stands of Gladioli were very good.

In the fruit section the principal prize for a collec-
tion only produced two competitors, the Earl of
Coventry and the Rev. G. G. Coventry, of Woolstone
Rectory, near Cheltenham, but their exhibits were
very fine. Grapes were a good class, and were shown
in rather more abundance than in previous years. The
Peaches, Nectarines and Apricots were quite as good
as could be expected this season ; the class for Melons
was well filled, and the culinary Apples were fine.

The vegetables, which occupied a table in a
separate tent, made a very good show. The Pre-
sident's prize for the best collection brought forth
three competitors, as against six at the last show.
The Potatos were clean and of good quality,
and the Carrots made a feature in the display. There
was also a strong competition in the Beet and,
autumn-sown Onion classes ; and the Runner Beans
Tomatos, and Cucumbers were a fine show. In the
latter class Mr. J. Hill White's new Cucumber, Ne
Plus Ultra, took the principal prizes. Mr. White
gave special prizes for his Cucumbers ; and Messrs.
Ward & Sons, hot-water engineers, of Broad Street,
offered special prizes for stove and greenhouse
plants, and also for two varieties of Grapes. In
the first-named class there was only one entry, but
the chief prize was deservedly awarded to Mr. T. K.
Hill. In the class for Grapes there were four com-
petitors, and those sent by the Earl of Coventry were
noticeable as being veiy fine and well coloured.

Amateurs. — In this department there were only two
entries in the class for groups of plants. The Roses
shown were creditable, and there were some pretty
vases of flowers. The unfavourable nature of the
season sufficiently accounted for the falling off in the
fruit and vegetable classes, though the competition
in the latter was in some cases very keen. In the
cottagers' department the exhibits were of the usual
good quality, the vegetables surpassing those shown
by the amateurs both in size, quality, and number.
As the lack of rain probably aft'ected their gardens
more than those of the amateurs and professional
exhibitors, the display made by the cottagers must be
pronounced highly creditable. The window plants
were very good, and the bouquets of garden and wild
flowers were tastefully arranged. There were, as
usual, a number of exhibits not for competition.
Messrs. R. Smith & Co. lent a very attractive group
of plants, which were placed in tlie principal tent,
conspicuous amongst them being a splendid speci-
men of Lilium auratum. Messrs. Rowe & Co. exhi-
bited miscellaneous plants and shrubs ; Messrs.
Cranston & Co., Hereford, a collection of cut
Roses ; and Mr. Hill White boxes of herbaceous
flowers, Antirrhinums and double Zinnias. Messrs.
Ward & Sons showed in the grounds a collection of
hot-water apparatus and garden seats.

EASTBOURNE HORTICULTURAL.

August 23. — The show was held in the picturesque
and extensive grounds of Compton Place, and main-
tained the high reputation enjoyed for years past; in
fact, this show was superior in many instances to its
predecessors.

Plants were shown extensively and in fine condi-
tion, Mr, Portnell, gr. to Sir A. J. Lamb, Bart., Beau-
port, winning with stove and greenhouse plants in
flower, both for eiglit and for six, showing a strong
lot that would have been hard to beat, his best being
Erica Austiniana, finely coloured ; Ixora Williamsii,
and Kalosanthes coccinea, with a good Dipladenia
amabilis in the larger collection ; and in the smaller,
capital plants of Erica Fairrieana and E. cerin-
thoides coronata. Messrs. Knight & Co., Hastings,
took 2nd place for eight, with a very fresh lot of
plants. Erica Eweriana and Rondeletia speciosa
major being conspicuous. Mr. Offer, gr. to J. War-
ren, Esq., Handcross Park, showed well for the 2nd
award in six flowering plants, Dipladenia amabilis,
with extra fine blooms, being noteworthy. For
Ericas, Messrs. Knight & Co. beat their op-
ponent, Mr. Portnell, in this instance ; both,
however, staging excellent examples of culture.
For Fuchsias, as well as zonal Pelargoniums, Mr.
Portnell was to the front with floriferous examples.
Achimenes, now so seldom seen in good order, were
here shown in the best of health and flower, from
Mr. West, gr. to Major-General llolroyd. Eastbourne.
Large specimens, in good flower, of Tuberous Be-
gonias, were shown by Mr. Cosstick, gr. to R. Insoll,
Esq. For groups arranged for effect, Mr. James,
Norwood, was a good 1st, his combination of light
Palms and Orchids, with a groundwork of FeiTis and

SttTratBER 3, 1887.1

THE GAR DENE BS' CHRONICLE.

287

small foliage plants, was very effective. In this class
Mr. Jupp, gr. to G. Boulton, Esq., also had a capital
group of light plants, Tigridia pavonia heing very
pleasingly arranged therewith. Witli foliage plants
Mr. Offer took the 1st awards in both classes with
well-grown plants from the Handcross Park collec-
tion. With six I'erns Mr. Hemsley, gr. to Mr. A.
Dore, took 1st place, staging fine plants of Adi-
antuin Farleycnse and A. Paccotti. A group of
the best Croton.?, shown by Mr. Jiipp, in medium-
sized plants, arranged on a bed of Maidenhair, had a
most pleasing effect.

Cut Flowers. — For thirty-six cut Roses Messrs.
WooUard, of Cocksbridge Nnrsery, Lewes, were 1st,
showing very fresh blooms, being closely followed by
Mr. Slaughter, of Steyning; the latter exhibitor was
victorious both for twenty-four and twelve varieties.
Stove and gi-eenhouse cut flowers were well shown by
Mr. Portnell. Annuals (twelve distinct) were an
attractive feature. Jlr. Clark, gi-. to C. Banks, Esq.,
Langney, was 1st, with a superior collection of the
best kinds in season. With the same number of
herbaceous plants Mr. Blake, gr. to F. Roper, Esq.,
Polegate, was 1st. From Mr. Dixon, gr. to Sir S. M.
Wilson, Fletching, came an excellent and varied
collection of British wild flowers, which formed a
very attractive feature. Pompon Dahlias, with the
best of the single varieties, were finely shown from
Messrs. Cheal & Son's nurseries at Crawley ; the
same firm staging a good collection of annuals, Mr.
W. Knight, of Hailsham, showed some very fresh
blooms of cut Roses ; and Jlr. Gorringe, of East-
bourne, good examples of bouquets, &c., not in
competition.

Fruit. — Grapes were here shown in large numbers,
in each case the competition being keen. With
three bunches of Black Hamburgh Mr. Allen, gr. to
Lord Brassey, Normanhurst, won the premier award,
with well-finished bundles, weighing nearly 5 lb.
each ; Mr. Foxley. Eastbourne, coming in an ex-
cellent 2nd, and beating in the single bunch class.
For three bunches of white Grapes Mr. Allen again
won, with Muscat of Alexandria. Peaches were a
good class, and also Nectarines. Apples were in
good condition. With some fine fruit of Morello
Cherries Mr. Hopkins was 1st, occupying the same
place in a strong class for Cucumbers. Sutton's
Perfection Tomato, from Mr. Kollison, gr. to A. 15.
Hood, Esq., proved the best in a strong class, the
fruits being of extra size and colour. Mr. Jupp was
to the front for a collection of nine dishes, con-
spicuous among which were finely coloured Madrcs-
field Court Grapes, good Nectarines, and Peaches.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons' prizes for vegetables were
well contested, the best coming from Mr. N-. Goring,
of Three Bridges. H.

HARPENDEN HORTICULTURAL.

August 24. — This is a very pleasant and popular
exhibition, and is held in the grounds of Rothamsted
Park, the residence of Sir J. B. Lawes.

Plants. — The most attractive part of the show was
formed by those classes in which the competition
was open to all members. The best six stove and
greenhouse plants came from Mr. G. Underwood, gr,
to C. R. Fenwick, Esq., High Firs, Harpenden, who
had a fine specimen of the old Pentas camea in his
collection ; 2nd, Mr. T. Nutting, gi-. to J. B. Maple,
Esq., Childwickbury. Mr. Sibley, gr. to H, T.
Hodgson, Esq., Harpenden, was 1st, with six capital
tuberous-rooted Begonias. Double zonal Pelargo-
niums were also a good feature. The best group of
plants arranged for effect came from Mr. S. Brown,
Mount Moat, Mill Hill. Mr. Underwood had the
best group of flowering plants. Mr. Nutting had the
best six foliaged plants, staging good specimens of
Crotons Baronne James Rothschild, Evansianus,
Queen Victoria, Seaforthia elegans, Areca lutescens,
and A. Verschafeltii. 2nd, Mr. S. Brown, with a very
good lot also. Mr. Underwood had the best six
exotic Ferns, his plants being Dicksonia antarctica,
Microlepia hirta cristata, Thamnopteris nidus,
Lygodium scandens, Gymnogramma chr}'Sophylla,
and Adiantnm formosum. Messrs. S. Brown and T.
Nutting were placed equal 2nd. Table plants were
also shown. Plants were also exhibited in several
classes by amateurs.

Cut Ftoivers were shown in good form, Messrs.
Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, had the best
forty-eight varieties, the Rev. W. II. Jackson, Stag-
den, Bedford, being 2nd ; and the same exliibitor
was 1st and 2nd in the class for twelve Tea Roses,
some good blooms for the season being exhibited.
Messrs. Paul & Son also had the best forty-eight

Dahlias ; Mr. Littlechild, gi-. to the Messrs. East,
St. Albans, having tlie best twenty-four; Mr. P.
Hopkins, Jessamine Cottage, St. Albans, being 2nd.
The best twelve bunches of hardy flowers came from
Mr. J. Henshaw, Rothamsted Cottage, who had a
very fine lot admirably set up and named. Mr. S.
Brown had the best twelve bunches of stove and
greenhouse cut flowers.

In the amateurs' division the Rev. W. H. .Tackson
had the best twelve Roses, the Rev. F. H. Gall,
Hitchin, being 2nd. Mr. J. Henshaw had the best
twelve bunches of pomjion Dahlias, setting up a very
fine lot indeed, jliss II. Duckworth, Harpenden,
was 1st with twelve bunches of zonal Pel.irgoniunis.
In all other classes for cut flowers there was a good
competition generally.

Fruit. — There was a good display for a local show.
Mr. S. Brown had tiie best eight dishes, staging
Madresfield Court and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes,
Royal George Peaches, Lord Xapier Nectarines, Jar-
gonelle Pears, Figs, Orleans Plums, and Melon ; 2nd,
Mr. T. Nutting. Mr. Bro^vn also had the best two
bunches of black Grapes, staging fine Madresfield
Court— Jlr. Nutting being Ist with white Grapes,
having good Muscat of Alexandria. Peaches, Nec-
tarines, Apples, Pears, Plums, and Melons were all
well shown. In the amateurs' and cottagers' divi-
sions there was a good display of hardy fruits.

Vcffctali/eswere in good form throughout the show.
Mr. Faint had the best twelve distinct varieties, Mr.
Sibley being 2nd.

MisccUaiicoiis.— 'Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, and
Messrs. W. Paul & Sons, Waltham Cross, both set
up large representative stands of hardy flowers in
bloom at this season of the year. Mr. Oliver, gr. to
Sir J. B. Lawes, had a fine group of plants not for
competition ; and Messrs. E. P. F'rancis & Co., nur-
serymen, Hertford, had a good group of plants also.

READING HORTICULTURAL.

August 2.3. — This proved an excellent exhibition,
and took place, as usual, within the Abbey ruins, the
Forbury Gardens, now in admirable condition, being
used as a promenade.

Plants.— That there should be a falling off" in these
at this season of the year is not to be wondered at.
Mr. H. James, Castle Nursery, Norwood, was 1st,
with nine specimens, the best being Erica Eweriana,

E. Marnockiana, a fine piece of Agapanthus umbel-
latus albus, and AUamanda Hendersoni ; 2nd, Mr.

F. Mould, nurseryman, Pewse}'. The best specimen
stove or greenhouse plant was a fine piece of Lan-
tana Le Grand, from Mr. Parham, gr. to H. J.
Simonds, Esq., Caversham : Mr. Howe, gi*. to Sir R.
Sutton, Bart., Barham Park, Newbuiy, being 2nd,
with AUamanda Hendersoni. Mr. Hatch, gr. to S.
B. Stevens, Esq., Reading, was the only exhibitor of
Achimines, showing creditable specimens. Fuchsias
were better than we have seen them at Reading, the
best six as well as the best four in the amateurs'
division coming from Mr. Bright, gi-. to P. Karslake,
Esq., White Knights, Reading, a pupil of Mr. J. Lye.

In the amateurs' division, Mr. Parham was the only
exhibitor of four stove and greenhouse plants, staging
some good specimens. Some very good foliaged
plants were shown. Jlr. H. James was 1st, with very
fine specimens of Croton Andreanus, Macrozamia
Denisoni, Latania borbonica, Cycas revoluta, Dasy-
lirion acrotrichura, and Asparagus plumosus ; 2nd,
Mr. Howe, with a good lot also. Stove and
greenhouse Ferns were a fine feature, Mr. Parham
had the best six, staging fine examples of Alsophila
excelsa, Cibotium Schiedei, Thamnopteris nidus,
Gymnogramma chrysophylla, and Davallia Mooreana
and D. elegans ; 2nd, Mr. Armitage, gr. to N. Clarke,
Esq., Reading, who had good specimens of Alsophila
australis, Jlicrolepia hirta cristata, Gymnogramma
Martensi, and Adiantum Williamsi. Messrs. Lockie
& AVaite had the best table plants. Some good
specimen Lycopediums came from Mr. Dockerill.
The best six Coleus came from Jlr. G. Jlidwinter,
Greenham. Mr. Parham had the best three Palms,
staging fine examples of Latania borbonica, Sea-
forthia elegans, and Phccnix dactylifera. Mr. Jlould,
nurserj'man, Pewsey, had the best new plant in
Croton Mortii.

In the amateurs' division Mr. Dockerill had the
best four handsome foliaged plants : Mr. Booker was
2nd, with a good lot. Lilies in pots were finely
shown by Jlr. Hatch, who had some excellent spe-
cimens of L. speciosum.

Cut Flowers. — Of these there was an excellent dis-
play. Jlr. John Walker, nurseryman, Thame, has
the best eighteen Dahlias, showing a very fine lot ;

Jlessrs. J. Cheal & Sons, nurserymen, Crawley, being
2nd. Jlr. Walker was also 1st with twelve capital
fancy Dahlias ; and Jlessrs. J. Cheal & Sons 1st with
twelve bunches of single Dahlias, set up in the form
of very fine bunches of grand flowers. Jlessrs. Perkins
& Son, nurserymen, Coventry, had the best eighteen cut
Roses ; and the best twelve in the amateurs' division
came from Mr. Turton. French and quilled Asters
were well shown by Jlessrs. Hatch & Midwinter, and
spikes of Gladioli by the Jlessrs. Johnston, nursery-
men, Newbury. Double Zinnias were a great
feature; Mr. John Walker had the best. Jlr. G.
Phippen, nurseryman, Reading, had the best eighteen
bunciies of cut flowers, showing a very fine lot. Mr.
Such, nurseryman, JIaidenhead, had the best twelve
bunches of hardy flowers in the open class ; and Mr.
Diirman, gr. to J. W. Workman, Esq., Reading, in
the amateurs' class. Table decorations, bouquets,
and button-holes were all good, as they usually are at
Reading.

Friut was seen in very fine form, as is usual at the
Reading show, and it was much more numerous than
usual also. In the class for eight dishes there was a
sharp competition, and Mr. Ashby, gr. to W. Fanning,
Esq., Whitchurch, was 1st with good Muscat and Black
Hamburgh Grapes, Royal George Peaches, Elruge
Nectarines, Victory of Bath Jlelon, Moor Park
Apricots, white Ischia Figs, and Jargonelle Pears ;
2nd, Jlr. Goodman, gr. to C. Hammersley, Esq.,
Bourne End, Great JIarlow ; 3rd, Jlr. Wills, gr. to
Mrs. Ravenhill, Winkfield. 'There was a very sharp
competition in the class for six dishes also, Jlr.
Jennings, The Gardens, Forest Lodge, Farnborough,
being placed 1st, with fine Alicante and Muscat of
Alexandria Grapes. Mr. Cakebread, gr. to Sir P.
Rose, Bart., Raynons, Penn, Bucks, had the best
three bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes, the bunches
medium sized and well coloured. Jlr. Cakebread
was 1st with three bunches of any other black,
having finely finished JIadresfield Court. Jlr. Sin-
clair, gi'. to the JIarquis of Downshire, East Hamp-
stead Park, Berks, had the best three bunches of
White JIuscat Grapes, small but fine in berry and
beautifully finished. In the class for any other
white Jlr. Kneller, gi-. to W. S. Portal, Esq.,
Malshanger, Basingstoke, was 1st with extra fine
Buckland Sweetwater. Jlr. Waite, gi'. to the Hon.
W. P. Talbot, Eslier, Surrey, had the best si-x
Peaches, showing Princess of Wales ; Jlr. Pound,
gr. to G. May, Esq., Caversham, being 2nd, with
fine unnamed fruit. Jlr. Goodman liad the best six
Nectarines, staging fine Humboldt. Apricots were
finely shown ; Jlr. Turton had the best ones. Mr.
Goodman had the three best dishes of Plums, show-
ing Belle de Louvaine, Yellow Imperatrice, and
Kirkes, all well ripened. Jlr. Hinton, Reading, had
the best six dishes of dessert Apples, having excel-
lent dishes of Peach Pippin, Kerry Codlin, Golden
Pippin, all small ; Irish Peach, Codlin Pippin, and
Cox's Orange Pippin. Jlr. Turton had the best six
dishes of culinary Apples, staging Potts' Seedling,
Ecklinville, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Lord Suftield,
Jlere de Jl^nage, andD. T. Fish, all very good. Jlr.
Goodman had the best four dishes of dessert Pears,
staging Clapp's I'avourite, AVilliams" Bon Chretien,
Beurre de I'Assomption, and the Old Windsor, this
being the only collection. Mr. Turton had the best
six dishes of stewing Pears, his finest examples being
Beurr^ Clairgeau, 'Vicar of Winkfield, Catillac, and
BeuiTe Die!. In the class for miscellaneous fruits no
award was made.

Vegetables. — These were very good. The best
brace of Cucumbers came from Jlr. T. Lockie, The
Gardens, Oakley Court, near Windsor, who had a
perfect brace of Verdant Green. Jlr. Read had the
best three heads of Celery, Jlr. Howe coming in 1st
with a dish of Peas. Jlr. Kneller had the best
twelve Onions, having splendid Rousham Park. Mr.
Jennings had the best dish of Tomatos, showing
Sutton's Perfection in excellent form. Cauliflowers,
Vegetable JIarrows, and JIushrooms were all good
and numerous. Several handsome special prizes were
offered by Jlessrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, for
various objects ; among them nine dishes of Potatos
sent out by this firm ; the best came from Jlr. Allen,
gr. to Sir I\ Burdett, Bart., Ramsburj-, Hungerford,
who had very fine dishes ; 2nd, Jlr. Pope. M. J. Lott,
gi'. to Major Allfrey, 'Wokefield Park, had the best
five dishes, staging good examples. Mr. Pope had
the best brace of Melons. In the class for six dishes
of vegetables, to include at least three of Sutton
& Sons' novelties of 1887. Mr. Bowerman, gr. to C.
Hoare, Esq,, Hackwood Park, was 1st with a very fine
lot; Jlr. Pope being 2nd. Jlessrs. Webb & Sons,
Stourbridge, also offered special prizes for six dishes
of vegetables, and here Mr. Bowerman was again

288

THE GAIiDENEBS' CIIBONICLE.

[Septemee 3, 1887.

1st, and Mr. Lye 2n(I. Messrs. J. Carter & Co.,
Holborn, W.C, offered special prizes for the same
number of vegetables, Mr. Beckett, Perin, beinfc 1st,
and Mr. AVaite 2iui. Mr. C. Fidler, seedsman,
Reading, offered special prizes for the following : —
Dish of Reading Conqueror Pea: 1st, Mr. Waite.
Fidler's Defiance Melon : 1st, Mr. Wills. Nine
tubers of Fidler's Clipper Potato : 1st, Mr. Beckett.
Also for a collection of six dishes of vegetables : 1st,
Mr. Lye ; 2nd, Mr. Waite. Messrs. Oakshott &
Millard, seedsmen, Reading, offered a prize for tlie
best collection of fruit in the show, which was
awarded to Mr. Ashby for his 1st prize collection of
eight dishes.

Mr. R. Owen exhibited a very fine lot of Begonias,
double and single, in pots ; Mr. Turton a number of
plants of Campanula pyramidalis and its w-hite
variety; and Messrs. J. Ciieal & Sons collections of
pompon and Cactus Dahlias, all of which were highly
commended.

WILTS HORTICULTURAL.

Autiu.sT 25. — In tlie beautiful grounds opposite the
south front of the Episcopal Palace, Salisbury, this
Society held its annual exhibition on the above date,
when the competition was good, and the exhibits of
the highest order.

Plants {open).— The 1st prize (£1.5), offered by the
Earl of Radnor, Lord-Lieutenant of the county of
Wilts, for twelve stove and greenhouse plants, six
foliaged and six flowering, was keenly contested for
by Mr. Cypher, of Cheltenham, and Mr. Locke, gi-. to
B. W. Cleave, Esq., Crediton, the former winning
only by a few points with an excellent collection,
consisting of a grand Cycas revoluta, C. circinalis,
Kentia australis, K. Fosteriana, large and highly
coloured Crotons, a large well-flowered Erica Mar-
nockiana, E. Irbyana, a grandly flowered Bougain-
villea glabra, Clerodendron Balfourii, Ixora Pilgrimi
and 1. amabilis. Mr. Lock's best plants wereLatania
borbonica, of gigantic proportions, and quite fresh ;
Erica Eweriana superba, Croton Warreni, Ixora
Williamsii, a little past its best. Mr. Wills, gr. to Mrs.
Pearce, The Firs, Bassett, Soutliampton, was a cre-
ditable 3rd. £5, £4, and £3 were offered for a group
of jilants arranged for effect on 100 square feet.
Mr. Locke's group was 1st, on account of its being
lighter than Jlr. Wills' arrangement, which was
awarded 2nd position ; the 3rd going to Mr. R. West,
gr. to G. R. Wigram, Esq., Northlands. Downtown.
For a group of plants, arranged for effect, in semi-
circle, diameter 10 feet, the 1st prize, offered by
Messrs. Keynes, Williams Sc Co., Salisburv, was won
by Mr. Inglefleld, gr. to Sir John Kelk, Bart., Ted-
worth, Marlborougli, with a good arrangement of
choice plants. Among two or three other good
groups was one arranged (not for competition), by
Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co. It consisted of
well-flowered Liliums, &c., intermixed with Ferns,
and having in the background a raised piece of
artistic rusticwork furnished with Ferns, &c., the
whole having a double edging of small Maidenhair
Fern and Mesembr^-anthemum cordifolium variega-
tum. Mr. Locke was 1st for six stove and greenhouse
plants in bloom, with gi-andly flowered specimens.
Mr. Locke was again to the front with six exotic
Fems, with a fresh even lot, including a large
Gleichenia ; Jfr. Wills was a creditable 2nd in both
instances, and he was easily 1st for six Fuchsias.

Amateurs Classes. — The 1st prize, " Jubilee Cup,"
value £5, given by the Mayor of Salisbury for a
group of plants arranged for effect, and covering a
semicircle of 10 feet, brought out a good competition,
the gi-oups being, for the most part, very tastefully
arranged. The prize was creditably won by Mr.
Charles Burch. Oxford Avenue, Southampton, the
2nd going to Mr. E. L, Brown, Salisbury. In the
class for a similar (but smaller) group, Mr. John
Currey, gr. to Colonel Pepper, Milford Hill, Salisburj',
was 1st, with a bright but rather heavy arrangement ;
Mr. Hinxman, The Mill, Salisbury, being 2nd.
Other plants, fruits, and vegetables were also shown
well in these classes, tlie jjrincipal prize-winners being
Mr. Bro\™, Mr. Hinxman, Mr. Currev, Mr, Lnvibond,
Mr. Fulcher, Mr. Harcourt Coates, jl.l).. Jlr. C. W.
Gater, Mr. Thornton (Harnham Cliff;, all residing in
or about Salisbury.

Fniit (Gentlemen's Gardeners). — Four collections
of eight kinds of fruit were staged. Mr. H. W.
Ward, gr. to the Earl of Radnor, Longford Castle,
Salisbury, was a good 1st, staging an excellent
lot, consisting of good bunches of Madresfield Court
and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, good Queen
Pine, large and highly coloured ; Pine-apple Nec-
tai-ines, extra large Castle Kennedy Figs, Melon,

Dr. Hogg Peach, and Moor Park Apricots ; Mr.
Pratt, gr. to tlie Jlarquis of Bath, Longleat, War-
minster, was 2nd. being only a few points behind
the 1st prize collection. Mr. Evans, gi-. to
Lady Louise Ashburton, Melchet Court, Romsey,
was ord. Mr. Pratt had the best Pine-apple
in a good Smooth Cayenne. Severjil three-
bunch stands of good Muscat of Alexandria Grapes
were put up, there being very little dift'erence
between the prize lots. 1st, Mr. Pratt ; 2nd, Mr.
Budd, gr. to F. G. Dalgety, Esq., Lockerley Hall,
Romsey. Mr. Inglefleld had the best three bunches
of Black Hamburgh, showing large well coloured
bunches. Mr. Ward was 1st in the "any other
black " class with good sized bunches of Madresfleld
Court. In the corresponding class for three bunches
of "any other white" Mr. Warden took Ist
place with highly flnished BuckUand Sweet-
water. Melons were not largely shown, none
Ijeing put up by the local " gi-owers ; Mr.
Wilkins, gr. to Lady Theodore Guest, Inwood,
Henstridge, was 1st. Out of several dishes of Nec-
tarines Mr. Ward was 1st with good Pine-a])ple. Mr.
Inglefleld was a good 1st for six Peaches, showing
large well coloured Walburton Admirable. Mr.
Haines, gr. to the Earl of Radnor, Colesliill Honse,
Highworth, was 1st for six Apricots, Mr. W.
Browning had the best dozen Plums ; and for six
dishes of Apples, distinct, three dessert and three
culin.ary, and for four dishes of Pears, Mr. Walden
was a good 1st. having a good specimen of Windsor.
Vegetables. — The only class in this dciiartment
provided for gentlemen's gardeners was for a collection
of twelve kinds, and three or four good lots were
staged. Those put up by the 1st and 2nd prize
winners would be diflicult to beat. Mr. Wilkins was
1st, and Jlr. Haines, Coleshill, was a very close 2nd,
Mr. Inglefleld being 3rd. It was the unusually large
and handsome specimens of Sutton's Intermediate
Carrot, Sutton's Perfection Tomato, and Laing's new
Cauliflower, in the 1st prize collection, that gained
the position. The kitchen garden and allotment
produce staged by the amateurs and cottagers was as
good as it was plentiful, all the prizes being well
contested.

Cut Flowers were shown well. Mr. Warden was a
good 1st for twenty-four single trusses of Roses, dis-
tinct, showing flue fresh blooms, his best being Dr.
Andry, Alfred Colomb, and Duke of Connaught; Mr.
Flight was 2nd ; and for a dozen blooms Mr. Frank
Hatch, Salisbury, was 1st, and Mr. Warden was 2nd.
Jlr. Budd had the best eighteen bunches of cut flowers,
his lot including several nice bits of Orchids. Mr.
Evans had the best twelve spikes of Gladiolus.

Dressed vases for dinner-t.able decoration. —
Several tastefully arranged vases were set up. 1st,
Jlr. J. R. Chard, Stoke Newington ; 2nd, Jlr. Cypher.
Miscellaneous exhibits, not for competition. —
Jlessrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., made quite
a grand display of Roses, Dahlias, "Verbenas,
.and Gladioli, the latter making a capital back-
ground for the several dozen stands of Dahlias.
Messrs. Britton & Son, Waterloo Nursery, Salisbury,
also contributed several good stands of Roses and
Dahlias, &c. Jlr. H. G. Gibbs, JIanor Farm
Nurseries, showed Carnations ; and Jlr. Smith, from
The Palace Gardens, staged several well-grown fresh
specimens of exotic Ferns, &c. In the evening the
gi'ounds were illuminated.

SANDY HORTICULTURAL.

August 26. — This is oneofthe most noteworthy ex-
liibitions held in the provinces, for it is of the most com-
prehensive character. There are 112 classes devoted
to nurserymen, gardeners, and amateurs, for plants,
cut flowers, fruit, and vegetables. Fourteen classes
are for agricultural produce of every kind shown by
farmers ; twenty-one classes for vegetables grown by
market gardeners, forty-one for plants, flowers, fruit,
and vegetables grown by cottagers : seven for table
decorations, bouquets, &c. ; and many others in dif-
ferent sections, as needlework, butter, eggs, bees,
birds, &c. The show was held in the park of Sandy
Place, the residence of J. N, Foster, Esq. The
Society has a local committee and secretary in some
forty surrounding to^v^s and villiiges.

The annual exhibition took place on the above
date, .and in the open class for ten stove and gi'ecn-
house plants there were four collections, the best
coming from Mr. Finch, gr. to J. Marriott, Esq.,
Queen's Road, Coventry, who had some excellent
plants ; Jlr. Rabbitt, gr. to General Pearson, The
Hassells, Sandy, being a good 2nd. Jlr. Rabbitt
also had the best twelve zonal Pelargoniums,

Jlessrs. Paul & Son had the best forty-eight cut
Roses ; Jlessrs. J. Burrell & Co., of Cambridge, being
2nd ; and Mr. House, Peterborough, 3rd. Messrs. J.
Burrell & Co. had the best twenty-four spikes of
Gladiolus, staging a veiy fine lot ; Jlr. .7. House,
Peterborough, being 2nd. Jlr. R. Pitfield, gr. to
A. J. Thornhill, Esq., Diddington, was 1st for
twenty-four Dahlias ; Mr. Henry Glasscock, Bishops
Stoi-tford, being 2nd. These were the leading open
classes, and they made a very good exhibition of
themselves. All other departments of the show were
well sustained.

Jlessrs. Webb & Brand, nurserymen. Saffron
Walden, had a fine collection of cut blooms of
Hollyhocks. Jlessrs. T. S. Ware, nurseryman, Tot-
tenham, had a very fine collection of Cactus, pom-
pon and single Dahlias, and also of hardy flowers ;
and Jlessrs. J. Cheal & Son, nurserymen," Crawley,
Sussex, pompon, single, and Cactus Dahlias, in
flue bunches, and of excellent quality, and these were
very highly commended. The Silver Jledal offered
by Messrs. Wood & Son, of Wood Green, for the
best collection of cut flowers, was awarded to Mr.
Finch, Queen's Road, Coventry.

CERCLE HORTICOLE VAN HOUTTE.

August 28. — This new Society, recently esta-
blished in Ledeberg, the horticultural suburb of
Ghent, held its inaugural exhibition as above in the
Town Hall and gaiKlen annexe, under the most
favourable circumstances. The entries were large,
tlie entire hall and garden being fllled to repletion
with examples of excellent culture, so full that
very little space was left for visitors. Groups
of Palms, foliage plants, Dracasnas, &c., were ad-
mirably arranged in the great hall, whilst the
garden annexe was devoted to the hardier subjects,
the whole being grouped witli that taste for which
our Belgian friends are so well known. It was
fitting that the nursery which was created and so long
carried on by the late JI. Louis van Houtte should
be well represented. To that firm was awarded the
1st prize for six new and rare plants, and also for
one new plant, Puya gigas, a Bromeliad of semi-
erect habit, with long graceful leaves, the under-
side being silvery-white. Also for twenty-five
specimen plants in flower, and twenty ornamental
Palms, Aroids, Cyclanths, &c.

In the class for twenty Orchids in flower JI. "Van
Houtte also carried oft' the 1st prize, witli a very
bright and distinct group, including Cattleyas, L.xdias,
with very ttne forms of the newer Cypripediums, C.
selligerum majus, C. Robelinii, and C. longifolium.
For twelve Orchids in flower JI. Jules de Cock
was 1st, with a very good gi'oup, including Cattleyas
Leopoldi and Gaskelliana. For the prize for twelve
Cypripediums, species and hybrids, JI. Poelman-
Jlaenhaut staged an admirable lot, including well
flowered plants of C. onanthum superbum, C. Spiceri-
anum, C. callosum, C. ILarrisonianum, C. Argus, C.
Lawrencianum, C. Sedeni, &c. JI. Jules de Cock
was 1st for a pretty group of six Cattleyas and
Liclias. The award for twelve Odontogloesums went
to JI. Chas. 'Vuylsteke, and a Silver Jledal was
awarded to JI. Pynaert van Geert, for a neat ex-
ample of the rare Cattleya Gaskelliana virginalis.

Pitcher plants were exhibited by JI. "Van Houtte,
the 1st prize lot containing fine compact plants
with numerous pitchers of JIastersii, Jlorganiie,
Stevensii bicalcarata superba, and Hookeriana. JI.
D'Haene's plants were also well coloured and very
vigorous. One of the best features of the show was a
group of twenty-flve Dracaenas, in twenty-five varie-
ties, contributed by JI. D'llaene sturdy, vigorous,
and highly coloured, they stood out with great beauty
from a fine group of Ferns. Drac;ena Lindeni was
also a most conspicuous plant ; a group of twenty-
five, set up by JI. "Van Coppenolle, was most effective,
each plant a model of culture, with the brilliant
yellow variegation clear and distinct on ever)' leaf.
Tree Ferns, six flne and distinct species, with well
developed heads and stems, 8 to 12 feet in height,
were exliibited by JI. Wallen & Son.

Palms, as was to be expected, were largely shown —
choice and perfect examples of the most decorative
sorts — the 1st prize for twelve going to JI. Van
Houtte, and the 1st prize for eight to Mr. D'Haene ;
a very handsome specimen of Cocos Bonetti from
JI. Spae being 1st for one Palm, remarkable for
beauty and development. JIusa Ensete, remarkably
developed and in perfect condition, from JI. D'Haene,
was staged in the centre of the hall, and gained the
premier prize.
Caladiums in very distinct and novel varieties came

September 3, 1887.]

THE GABDENEB8' CHBONICLE.

289

from M. Van Houtte, and gained the 1st prize, the
same exhibitor's double-flowered tuberous Begonias
taking the 1st award, the most novel and distinct
being an erect variety of large size, the centre of the
bloom being deep goklen-yellow, and the outer or
guard-petals bright rose — a decided advance. In
the single-flowered group MM. Blanquart & Ver-
meire, though placed 2nd, from their having smaller
plants, were decidedly the best in size and form of
flowers. There seems no end to the progress in these
popular plants — a double pure white, 3 inches
across, and as well imbricated as the old white
Camellia, being now in the possession of this firm.
To M. Van Houtte the 1st prize for twelve single
varieties was awarded. Very fine groups of what
are now termed " commercial " plants were arranged
in the garden, including lots of twenty-five Ficus
clasticus. si.x Latanias, twenty-five Kentias, Aspi-
distras, ConiferiB in pots, Gloxinias, zonal Pelargo-
niums, Heliotropes, and a class for fifty market
plants not of the value of more than Is. These, with
pyramid Bays and fine examples of the greenhouse
Dracaenas, well arranged, made an imposing and
excellent effect. To inaugurate the exhibition a
banquet was held in the evening, M. D'Haene being
in the chair, supported by the Mayors of Ledeberg
and Gentbrugge. About a hundred of the leading
citizens and nurserymen were present. A most
enthusiastic gathering, all being much pleased with
their first exhibition.

Variorum.

Messrs. Sutton & Son's Annual Excur-
sion. — The annual excursion given by Messrs.
Sutton & Sons, The Queen's Seedsmen, to their
Reading " hands," took place on Tuesday last,
Portsmouth being selected as the place to be
visited. The special train left Reading at 7.30 a.m.,
and reached Portsmouth at 9.45, having on board
about 430 of the stafi', wives, &c., and was accom-
panied by the following members of the firm :
—Mr. m'. H. Sutton, Mr. M. J. Sutton, and Mr.
L. G. Sutton, and several ladies of the family.
The whole of the arrangements were carried out
under the active directions of the partners and
of the heads of departments, everything possible
being done to secure the perfect enjoyment of
every one who participated in the excursion.
Every man, in addition to his return ticket, re-
ceived bs. to enable him to order a good dinner
on arrival, and many pleasant parties were made
up. The large number of employes now makes it
impossible to dine all tof^ether on these occasions,
as they did in former years, with one or other of the
partners in the chair. Pleasant as were those
dinners — at which the partners had always some-
thing of interest to say to the " hands " at the con-
clusion of the meal— they took up time, and
interfered much with sight-seeing and excursions.
Therefore perfect freedom is now allowed to the men
to go where they choose ; and instead of speeches
short business-like announcements of matters in-
teresting to the employes are made when occasion
offers. Such an occasion was taken advantage of
last week, when the" excursion circular "was issued.
In the circular it was stated that the Jubilee year
would be memorable as the date of the greatest
increase in the business which had been ever known.
Not only had the quantities of seeds sent out been
larger than ever, but the increase in the number of
orders actually executed between the dates January 1
to May 31, LSS?, as compared with the orders
executed between the same dates in 1886, was no
less than a clear gain of 10,000 orders. Such a
statement must be peculiarly gratifying to the firm
when it is remembered that this is not only the
Jubilee year of Her Majesty's reign, but that it is
exactly fiftv years since Messrs. Sutton took posses-
sion of the premises on the site of which their
present Market Place entrance stands. Messrs.
Sutton also informed their hands — by the same cir-
cular— that there appeared to them no possibility
of any longer finding room for a large Exhibition
Department, their increasing trade requiring the
utilisation of all the available space on their exten-

sive premises for warehouse purposes. They therefore
purpose giving up almost entirely showing at Inter-
national and Agricultural Exhibitions, and the space
lately occupied by carpenters, painters, modellers,
and others, is rapidly being transformed into grass
seed warehouses.

Mr. H. W. Ward. — It may interest our readers
to know tiiat Mr. H. W. Ward, the writer of our
" Eruits under Glass," was awarded 1st prize in
every class (excepting one) in which he entered at
the recent Taunton Deane Show. In addition to
those prizes named in the report at p. 258, Mr. "Ward
also took highest honours for Pine-apple, Nectarine,
Uero of Lockinge Melon, and for three bunches of
Madresfield Court Grapes.

The Weather.

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration o£ the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the pieriod named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or
below the

Mean for

the week

ending

Aug. 29.

ACCDMnLATED.

Districts.

is
'a'

|2

1"

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districta,

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day-
dcg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

4 above

Ill

0

-1- 192

+ 37

1. Scotland, E. .,.

5 above

127

0

+ 211

-^ 41

2. England, N.E. ...

4 above

135

0

+ 211

+ 82

3. England, E. ...

3 above

151

0

+ 22

-1- 168

4. Midland Cos. ...

4 above

148

0

+ m

-1- 166

6. England, S. ...

3 above

149

0

0

-I- 151

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

3 above

125

0

+ «5

+ 57

7. England, N.W....

4 above

142

0

+ 90

-1- 118

8. England, S.W. ...

3 above

141

0

+ 95

-1- 173

9. IBELAND, N.

4 above

136

0

■f 257

+ 23

10. iBELAND, S. ...

4 above

143

0

+ 282

+ 97

— Channel Islands

2 above

148

0

+ 71

+ 77

Rainfall.

Bright

Sunshine.

DiSTEICTfl.

a"

Pi

5.2 i

Principal Wheat- pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0, Scotland, N. ...

2 less

144

24.5

30

25

1. Scotland, E. ...

2 less

106

13.1

38

34

2. England, N.E. ...

2 less

93

8.8

44

35

3. England, E. ...

2 less

87

9.9

42

43

4. Midland Cos. ...

3 less

83

10.4

49

39

5. England, S.

1 less

80

10.4

47

42

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

3 less

HI

21.3

33

37

7. England, N.W....

2 lesa

87

13.0

43

39

8. England, S.W....

3 less

85

11.8

43

49

9. Ireland, N.

2 more

112

17.7

30

35

10. IHELAND. S.

10 less

94

15.9

40

42

— Channex Islands

5 more

96

11. 1

43

53

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending; Aup. 29, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been unsettled and rainy in
Ireland, but over Great Britain the conditions have
been generally fine, although in many places sonae
ather severe thunderstorms were experienced.

" The temperature has been above the mean in
all districts, the excess langing from 2° in the
'Channel Islands; to 3° or 4° over England and
Ireland, and to between 3° and 5° in Scotland. The
highest of the maxima, which were recorded at most
stations on the 25th, varied from 71° in 'Scotland,
"W.,' to between 81° and 85° over the southern,
central, and eastern parts of Great Britain. The
lowest of the minima were generally registered on
the 23rd, when the thermometer fell to between 42°
and 49^ in most parts of the kingdom, to 51° in,
' Ireland, S.,' and to 52° in the * Channel Islands.'

" The rainfall has been more than the mean in
Ireland and the ' Channel Islands,' but less in Eng-
land and Scotland.

''Bright stiv-shine shows an increase on that re-
ported last week in most places, the percentage of
the possible amount of duration ranging from 30 in
' Scotland, N.' and ' Ireland, N.,' to between 40 and
49 in nearly all other districts."

SIEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING SEPT. 10. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Sept. 4 ...

... 59°.5

Sept. 8

.. ,59°.0

„ 5 .„

... ii'A

„ 9

.. hi". 9

„ 6 ...

„ 7 ... .

... 69°.3
... 69°. 1

„ lu

Mean for the week .

.. 68°.7
. 59''.1

Trade Notices.

Messbs. W. Wood & Son, Wood Green, ask us to
announce to intending competitors for the Silver
Cups offered by them at the Crystal Palace and
South Kensington shows, in October, for Potatos and
vegetables, that, if communicated with at an early
date, they will undeitalce to stage exhibits for com-
petitors [who are unable to attend. — Messrs. Prc-
THEEOE & MoREis aunouHce numerous trade sales of
importance.

©i)ttuarg»

Wilfrid Rogers.— We greatly regret to have to
announce a sad calamity which has befallen Mr.
Rogers, the Superintendent of Battersea Park,
already tried by ill-health. It appears that his son,
Mr. Wilfrid Rogers, a young man of twenty-six, and
chief officer of the ship Jessie Beadinan, one of the
fleet of the Shaw, Saville & Albion Company, was
washed overboard on June 12, on the voyage between
New Zealand and Cape Horn.

Captain John B. Moore, who died at Con-
cord, Mass., August 21, was one of the best-known
horticulturists in Massachusetts, and had always
taken an active part in the affairs of the Horticultu-
ral Society. He had been for years a member of the
State Board of Agriculture. Captain Moore was
elected a member of the Horticultural Society in
1849, and served almost a lifetime on its committees.
In 1884 he was elected its President, and was re-
elected in 1885.

Professor Baird, Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, Director of the National Museum, and
the head of the United States Eish Commission, died
at Wood's Hole, Mass., U.S.A.. on August 19, after
an illness of over a year. Professor Baird was born
at Reading, Pa., on February 3, 1823. In 1850 he
was elected Assistant-Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, a position he held continuously until
1878, when, upon the death of Professor Henry, he
was made Secretary and Manager of the In-
stitution. He perfected means of transporting fish
and spawn from one part of the country to another.

290

TEE GABDENER8' CUB ONI CLE.

[Septsmbbh 3, 1887.

stocked Western waters with Eastern fisli, and, vice
versa, brought flsh from the Pacific to the Atlantic, re-
stocked inland waters, and conducted careful inves-
tigation into the habits of the cod, the salmon and
the mackerel, with the purpose of increasing their
number and improving their quality.

Notices to Correspondents.

AiLAKTns: G.B. See last week.

Balsamita: J M. The Ale-cost was an old favourite
with herbalists. It is closely allied to Tansy, and
has similar properties.

Begonia, White : M. So far as we can judge from
the specimen sent, we think very highly of your
seedling. The flowers are large, of good form and
subst.ance, and clear Avhite, and if the habit be as
you describe there can be no doubt that it is a
fine thing. If you have a plant in good condition
(but not otherwise) we advise you to send it to the
secretary of the Floral Committee, Royal Horti-
cultur.al Society, South Kensington, on Tuesday,
September 13. It should arrive there not later
than 9 or 10 a.m.

Black Rot : X This is due to the attacks of a
fungus (Phonia nvicola"). The berries become
covered with small pimples which are the spore-
cases of the fungus. The disease has not appeared
in this country so far as we know, but is causing
consternation in the department of Lot and
Garonne.

Books: J. M. S. The Dictionary of Gardening
(Upcott Gill). It is, however, not finished yet.
We do not know the book to which you refer. —
T. J. There has been no edition of the Fruit
Manual since the date named by you. The report
of the Pear Conference you can procure from
Messrs. Macmillan & Co., Bedford Street, Covent
Giirden, London, W.C, price 2s. Gd.

Correction. In the report of the Shropshire Show,
last week, for James French, Shrewsbury, read
William Finch, gr. to James Marriott, Esq.,
Queen's Road, Coventry. Also, for " About four
. . . . Melons," &c., ■' About forty, &c."

Diseased Roots ; S. M. and Anxious Out. Your
Melons are affected with the fatal Cucumbsr
disease. It is not to be cured. Burn them all as
soon as you can, and employ fresh soil when you
replant, getting plants if possible from an unin-
fected garden.

Drying Shbubs : W. B. K. The leaves of the Silver
Firs and Spruces will surely fall off, whatever you
do ; those of the Junipers, Thuias, and Retin-
osporas, will remain on.

" Gardeners' Chronicle " Back Numbers : B. The
Publisher (whom you should have addressed)
informs us that the copies you require are out of
print.

Grapes and Peaches in Houses Against a West
Wall : J. W. The fruit would succeed well
enough if early forcing was not attempted. Would
form a succession to those grown in a southern
aspect.

Grapes Shanking : J. C. The shanking of your
Grapes is most likely due to the cold, wet subsoil.
The number containing Mr. Fowler's article is
out of print. You should consult Barron's Vines
and Vine Culture.

Insects; E. fV. W. and J. M, The grubs sent are
those of the Pear saw-fly, recently illusti-ated
(p. 110).— £. A. The small white flies which have
attacked your Tomatos are a species of Aleyrodes
(most probably A. Cheledonii). They may be
treated like aphides, either by fumigation, or by
giving the plnnts a good syringing with tobacco-
water and soapsuds. /. O. W.
Melon Disease : See " Diseased Roots."
Names of Fruits ; M. I. M. Peach : 1 , Lord Pal-
merston. Plums : 2, Jefferson ; 3, Angelina
Burdett. — B. J. V. Not Bcurr^ Hardy, but either
Monsallard or Beacon. — John Champion. Grapes :
1, Alicante; 2, Black Hamburgh. Your other
question is answered above.
Names of Plants : J. Laincf ^ Co, Phytolacca de-
candra. — W. B. K. We cannot undertake to name
more than six another time. 1, Cryptomeria
elegans ; 2, a species of Larch ; .3, Retinospora
Bquarrosa ; 4, either a Larch or a Cedar, we can-

not tell which from such a scrap ; 5, Cryptomeria
japonica; 6, Wellingtonia gigantea ; t, Abies
lasiocarpa ; 8, Cupressus Lawsoniana, golden var. ;
9, Abies grandis ; 10, not recognised; 11, Abies
grandis ; 12, A. Douglasii ; 13, Retinospora pisi-
fera ; 14, Cupressus Lawsoniana ; 15, Abies no-
bilis ; 16, Retinospora plumosa ; 17, not recog-
nised ; 18, Abies nobilis. — J. G. 1, Lastrea fili.x-
mas ; 2, Athyrium filix-fcemina ; 3, Cystopteris
fragilis ; 4, uncertain ; 5, Polystichum aculeatum.

— Old Reader. 1, Adiantum hispidulum ; 2,
Statice near to S. Linionum ; 3, Stapelia, species
of; 4, Berberis Fortunei ; 5, Potentilla fruti-
cosa ; 6, tlie double-flowered Geranium pratense.
— P. W. One of the hybrid Oaks derived from
the Turkey Oak, Q. cerris. — ]V. R. A Soli-
dago. Look for the specific name next week,

— C. H. W. Habenaria intermedia. — G. H.
The Garden Orache, Atriplex hortensis, purple
variety, used as Spinach. — F. C. Athy-
rium filix fcemina var. corymbiferum, probably
Moorei. — J. E. 1 and 2, Polypodium glaucura ;
3, Polypodium quercifolium ; 4, Davallia canari-
ensis ; 5, Lastrea Serra ; 6, Blechnum brasiliense.
— H. G. Trachelium cceruleum, Monarda didyma.
The Petunia was in bad condition ; it is very large
and coarse. — Button. 1, Epidendrum oncidioides ;

2, Brassavola acaulis. — Gu'alia. 1, Stenotaphrura
americanum ; 2, Anthericum lineare variegatum ;

3, Montbretia Pottsi ; 4, Physianthus albens ; 5,
Dictyogramma japonica; 6, Adiantum decorum.

PiNus iNsiGNis : J. F. Your trees are injured by the
Pine weevil, Hylurgus piniperda. See article in
our columns for July 23 of the present year,
p. 105.

Vegetables ; /. .S'. Judging from your list, we
should place b first, c second, and a third.

Wasps : J. C. sends us a description of his method of
squib-making for the destruction of wasp-nests,
but the employment of cyanide of potassium
(poison), or even of petroleum, is easier and more
satisfactory. See our " Home Correspondence."

CATALOGUES KECEIVED.

William Shand, New Street, Lancaster — Bulbs.

J. & R. Thvne, 8.3, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,
N.B.— Bulbs.

John Laino & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E. —
Bulbous Roots.

Barr & Son, 12, King .Street, Covent Garden, Lon-
don, W.C— DaflTodils.

W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee— Dutch Flower
Roots.

Clark Brothers & Co., 65, Scotch Street, Carlisle
— Spring Flower Roots.

Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough — Carna-
tions, Tree Carnations, Picotees, &c.

Thos. Imrie & Sons, 137, High Street, Ayr, N.B. —
Dutch Flower Roots.

Fisher, Son & Sibrat, 4, Market Street, Sheffield —
Bulbs and Flower Roots.

Frederick Brabt & Co., 352 to 362, Euston Road,
London — Berry's Perfect Greenhouse Fumigator.

W. Smith & Son, 18, Market Street, Aberdeen, N.B.
■ — Dutch Flower Roots.

Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge — Bulbs.

V. Dopplet, Erfurt — Bulbs & Seeds.

B. Veitch & Son, 54, High Street, Exeter— Dutch
Bulbs.

William Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. —
Bulbs and Tulierous Rooted Plants.

Oakshott & Millard — Royal Counties Seed Esta-
blishment, Reading — Bulbs.

Ant. Roozen & Son, Overveen. near Haarlem,
Holland — Dutch and Cape Bulbs.

B. Gilbert, Anemone Museum, Dyke, Bourne,
Lines. — Bulbs, &c.

Com.\iunicatio>'s Received :— J. A. De M.. Boston.— M. G.—
M. D.— A. S.— M. H.—Shuttleworth,. Carder & Co.— T. A.—
D. J. Y.— H. C, Interlaken.— K. L.— G. B. B.— J. B. & Son.
— W. W.—W. 0. C— M. J. S.— .T. II. H.. Trinidii.I.-Q.,
Demerara.— T. C. M.— J. A.— K. \V. IC.-A. M,K.-A. H.
K. (many thanks).— A. H. P.— J. C. (i,l]n{,.(;n,iil, ivn-ivr-d.
thanks).— A. Hill.— J. L.— N. E. B.— \V. H. H.-\V. .S.— M.
Temple.— W. K.— H. A.— W. Cliitty.-W. E.-\V. R.-E. O.

—J. R. H W. S.— A. I).— J. Rust.— A. D. W.—W. Dance.

— W. C— C. M. O.— W. S. D.— T. J.— Constant Reader.— C.
B. & G.— E. J.

DIED.— On the 25th ult., at 124, College Place,
N.W., in his seventy-fifth year, Edward Edwabds,
for upwards of twenty-eight years the Gardener of
Oakley Square, N.W., respected and regretted.

[Markets.

COVENT GARDEN, September 1.
Market heavily supplied ; business quiet. Jamxi
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Plums, |-sieve ... 2 0- 4 0
Grapes, per lb. ... 0 9- 1 6
— Channel Isl.. lb. 0 6- 1 0
Kent Filberts, 100 lb.35 0- ... — St. Michael, each 2 0-50

Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons, each ... 0 6- 3 0

Peaches, dozen ... 1 0- 6 0
Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 10-30

Vegetables- Average Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, p. doz.... 4 0- ...
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch.
Cauliflowers, each
Celery, per bundle
Cucumbers, each
Endive, per dozen
Green Mint, bunch.
Herbs, per bunch .
Leeks, per bunch
Lettuce, per dozen
Lettuce, Cos., each.

0 4- ...
16-20
0 0-10
3 0- ...
0 4- ...

0 3- ...
2 0-50
0 3- ...

.d.

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ... 4 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Peas, per quart ... 1 6- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

„ kidney, per cwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 3 ft- ...
Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...
Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2- ...

Potatos.— Kents, 25. to 3s. 6rf. per bushel ; Roses, 4.?. to 5s,

Beauties, 5s. to is. dd. per cwt. Markets heavy.
Plasts ni Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Balsams, per dozen... 3
Capsicum, dozen ... 5
Chrj'santhem., dozen 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Enonjnnus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in variety, per

dozen 4

Ficus elastica. each . 1

s.d.s.d.

d. t.d.

. 2 0-10 0
.30-90
.40-80
. 9 0-13 0

. » 0-13 0

0-18 0 Foliage plants, v
0-6 0 ous, each ...
0- 6 0 1 Fuchsias, doz.
0- 9 0 I Heliotrope, dozen
0-9 0 Hydrangeas, doz.
0-12 0 Lilium, various,

0-60 0 ! — lancifolium, ,,..

0-24 0 I dozen 6 0-18 0

' Mignonette, doz. ... 4 0- 6 0

0-18 0 ' Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0

Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0

0-24 0 : Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-12 0

' — scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60
0-18 0 : — Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40
6-70! Scented Verbena.doz. 40-60

Cut Flowers.- Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Asters, 12 bunches...

— French, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 blms.

— dozen bunches...
Chrysanth., 12 bun.

— large, 12 blooms
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen
G.ardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Jasmine, white, bun.

longiflorum.

s.d.s.d.

2 0-40

3 0-50

2 0-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 6-10

3 0-60

2 0-60
10-40
10-20

3 0-60
3 0-60

12 blooms .

— la

.■ifolii

i,12bl.

Lavender, 12 bun. ... 4 0- I
M.arguerites, 12 bun. 3 0- (
Mignonette, 12 bun. 0 9- 1
Myosotis, 12 bun. ...2 0-!
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 6- 1

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 3- (
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-1

Pyrethrum, 13 bun... 2 0- I
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6- 1

— coloured, dozen. 0 6- 1

— red, perdozen ... 0 3- (

— Safirano, dozen... 0 6- (
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0- '.
Sunflowers, 12 bun. 2 0- '.
Tuberoses, 12 blms.... 0 6- :

SEEDS.

London: Auc/ust 31. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London E.G.,
report an active trade doing in all descrijitions of
seeds needed for present sowing. Stocks of Trifo-
lium are getting exhausted. Values remain fii-m at
the recent advance. Good Mustard on the spot is
also scarce. Very little Rye comes to hand. 'White
Tares sell freely. Italian Rye-grass in brisk request.
Blue Peas are still offered at very moderate figures.

PRXriT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London): August 31. — Good
supplies of all kinds of fruit, vegetables, and Potatos.
Trade good at following quotations : — Fruit :
Coloured Plums, 2s. Gd. to 3s. Gd. per half-sieve ;
yellow Egg Plums, Is. 9(/. to 3s. do. ; Green Gages,
2s. Od. to 4s. do. ; Apples, eating, 3s. to 4s. Gd. per
bushel ; cooking do., 2s. to 4s. do. ; Pears, 2s. to 6s.
do. ; Tomatos, 2s. to 4s. per dozen pounds. Vege-
tables : Cabbages, 3s. to 7s. per tally ; Scarlet Beans,
5s. to 6s. jier sieve ; French Beans, 4s. to 5s. do. ;
Vegetable Marrows, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen ; frame
Cucumbers, 2s. to 3s. do. ; field do., Gd. do. ; Turnips,
4s. to 5s. 6f/. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, 2s. to Ss.
do. ; Onions, 2f . to .3s. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. Gd. to 2s. do.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : August 30. —The
hot weather checks the demand, and with larger
supplies prices were easier. Quotations : — Regents,
110s. to 120s.; Hebrons, 10a«. tol40.<. ; Early Roses,
80s. to lOOs. per ton.

Sbptembeb 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

291

CONTBACTOBS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAB DEPABTMEWT.

THE Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

{TELEGEAPHIC ADDRESS-" HOTWATER," LONDON),
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

wltli Waterway End.

From 20 Inches to 66 Inches long.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, AND CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, Vlth Edition, price Is.

Price LIST on application Free.
HOT-WATER AND HOT-AIR APPARATUS

ERECTED COMPLETE, OR THE MATERIAL SUPPLIED.

PATENT RELLANCE EOTABY
VALVES.

WHY PAY HIGH PRICES,

When you can imrchase a thoroughly good and sound Champagne for

30/-D0ZEN. GEVENCEY. 30/-»«zeh.

SOLE AGENTS :

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,
99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

OLD-ESTABLISHED "WINE and SPIBIT MERCHANTS and AGENTS.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPnON, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

HOTWATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES SCHOOLS PUBLIC BUILDINGS MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS DRYING ROOMS HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DES(SRIPTION

fiir GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

11, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

_1887.

Please send me " The Gaedenebs' Chronicle " for _
,fo7- which I enclose P.O.O..

commencing

S" Please Note that all Copies sent Direct from this Office must he paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM ;— 12 Months. 15s. : 6 Months, 7.!. 6d. ; i Months, 3.?. M. ; Post-free.

FOBEIQN SUBSCKIPTIONS (excepting India and China) ;— Including Postage, 17s. 6</. tor 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6'

Eeceipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,

No. 42, DBUBY LANE, London, to W. BICHABDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. : 4-bushel bags, 4rf. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. 6d. per sack j 5 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, 4(i. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
4rf. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per half
ttjn ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBBOUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VrRGEN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, (Soldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17i, Coal Yard), W.C.

ORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,

SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75A, QueenVictoria
Street, E.C., near Mansion House Station. Dep6t ; Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegrams — " Floriculture, London." Established 1854.

JOHNSON'S
ORCHID aud general PEAT

IS THE BUST IN THE WORLD.

Samples forwarded free of charge.

A. JOHNSON as CO.. 23, LeadenhaU Street, London.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. 6(i.

PEAT, be.st black fibrous ... 4s. 6d. „ 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... ~1

PREPARED COMPOST, best

LEAF MOULD, best only

PEAT MOULD, „ }

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. f>d. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FEBBE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... M: lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) Sd. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 5s. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-') In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for ( . ' s

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 14Ib. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruits. Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 32/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/3 2/- 3/6 6/- 13/-

VmGIN CORK, be.st quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 3s. 6rf. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;
30 sacks, 35s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
35s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Eed Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft wat^r ; 4 to 16 ounces 03 winter dresaing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Had outlived many preparations intwnded to
■ ■ Boxes, Is,. 35., and 10s. 6rf.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet eround. Boxes, 6rf. and \s., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London. _^_^^^_^__^^^_____^

EW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA

MATS of all descriptions, RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MARENDAZ AKD FISHER, 9 and
10, James Street, Corent Garden, W.C.

292

THE GJBDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 3, 1887.

JAMS and BOTTLED FRUIT TRADE.—
Landed Proprietors near London desirous of Growing
Fruit and going into tliis Bufiiness, can have full particulars,
and their Plantations Laid Out moat economically, by address-
ing to J. B. F.. at Horn t-as tie's. 61. Cheapside, London, E.C.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thrip. Mealif

Bug. Caterpillars, &c.. dc.
PERFECTLY ) «'.' ""' """"i","'!'' ^'^™' ^'';,^'" ™™

Kint:\vi»rni in Animals, and all Diseases
HARMLESS ) prndncd by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A comWnation o! llydropiuhrm Oils, made solnblo ia
Wator, for Destroying ALU INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or
on the Foliage.

Bold by Seedsmen and fhemists. Is.ed. rs.ed. & (s.ed;

J gaUon 73. 6d, 1 g:Mm\ I'Js.ikl. oi lessin liiiKiKiiiiuititics.

A Treatise onFIRTREE OILasan INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

\VTiolesul.> ; Hn.iiEiL .v (:■ .r v. Scrrii, Fuwlf.r & Co.;

C.E.OsMiN i-r,, . 1111(1 In.m ;ill th.. London Seed Uter-
chant^ and Whuli-Mil.' I'lil.'ut ,Mtdii:inf Uoutes. NEW
TOKK-KoLKEK i Sons.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

Throira a fne
•ipiay 20 ft., and
a jet SO ft., uith
qi cat force.

A splendid
sabititute fur the
Si/lDiffefor using
Insecticide, Price
25s A larger
size for watering
puipn.^cs, 45s.
Caiiiag-e Paid.

For
Glass Houses

GREEN&creaihcolorSHADING

Cktnvrniont, Inexpensive— Easily applied — Lasts all the

Summer, and can then be easily washed utl'. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixiu- Bloom of Azaleas, ■■ I | ^LJ CTO '

&'c., and for Cut Flowers. fl \3 Xjkn EiO

FLORAL CEMENT.

HUCHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding^ after Pruning.

Very cffeetual in prevent ing the flow of sap in Vine.s being

wa-sted. In bottles i;i; and '20. Per po.st. :M. extra.

f-,I>;:"K;i;-S;::;:^,:,::;:™:'S: HUGHES'
TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most eireetuul iu Oieeiihouses,-lor Animals and Bed
Cluthin;,-. Trice, (id. Is. & 2/6. Per post :)d. e.\tra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, T/SK?''

I/'OTORIA & CATEATON STREET. MANCHESTER

TWOS w. /mB/A/so//:

OmBR/DGt.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Low#r Thames Street. London, E.G.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

Ami .vv lis, (^ilEEN VICTHRIA STRKET, LciMluN. E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G.

*%**_ ^^<

IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS.

Roohug &c PerbOnal Surveys of Estates
ad\ ice given as to the best and n

lUmtratcjl Caialtfvcs Free hii rest.

Rosber's Garden Edging TUe?.

''r'lIE ABOVE and many other RATTERXS

J- are made in materials of great durabihi >■. I'ln' i-l.iii]i.-r
sorts are specially suit-^^I U^t
KITCHEN firARDENS, as - * - -^ -^
they harbour no Slu^s or 'r'f'. ■:•■{.:'• f^r
Insects, take up little room, ^'"..'^J^
and once put down incur no ""^T^^^
further labour or expense, as .^,

do "grown" Edgings, conse- -^4*;^
quently being much cheaper. '" ~
GARDEN VASES, FOUNT AQJS, &c.. in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, irpper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; Ring's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROI^GATLNG BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halla, Corridors, Baleonie^, &c.,
from 3s, per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Priees, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tilea

of all kinde. Roofing Tiles in graat variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

^ I L ~V E R S A N D,

kj? fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to nny Railway Station. Samples of San<l free by post.

FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries ur Ferneries.

KENT PEATS or LOAM si^iplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

nt to the Trade.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

Nl CH OLLS & CLARKE,

SnuKEDITCH, LONDON, E.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASONS AKCIiANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every otber description

of Russian Mats.

It.VFFIA (Fresh Arrival ).

.'iPECIAL QCOTATIOX.S on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET. LONDON, E.

GREENHOUSES.

3. 4. Span-roof, plain, but of
best construction. Price,
ted complete (with brick-
ithin 15 miles of Lon-
>ige ; proportionate
^es in any part of the coun-
. Lean-to's in proportion,
tus (fixed) extra as below.
Size. Price. H.W. Ap.
£.=i8 0 £10 I"
£71 0 £12

_^ _ -- , 40ft. by 17ft. £111 0 £22 0

ILLUSTRATED SHEETS of CONSERVATORlEa, Grekk-
HousES, &c., ^vith Prices for Erecting and Heating, FREE.

SURVEYS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY
FREE OF CHARGE. Design^ and Estimates FREE.

DEANE 6c CO.,

llurticuUural Builders ami Hot-water Engineers,

''^•'lt°?et'"'"""f LONDON BRIDGE.

RICHARDSON'S

Loughborouf^h Hot-W.-iter A]
Si7.e. Price. H.W. Ap. ,
lift, by 8tt. £20 0 £5 1.5 25ft. by 15ft. £.58 0 £10 1.5
1.5ft. by 9ft. £.30 0 £6 5 .30ft. byi:" ""' " """ '

• by 12ft. £12 10 £« r "' " '

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hot-water

Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE
FREB.

North of England Horticultural Works,"\.>i/

DARLINGTON.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Pachtges arid p/iching free, mtd deltrered to any London titatu

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

11/-
13/-
17/6
13/-
21/- „ 31/-

or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6.
or 250 squares 8J by 6i, or 220
squares, iij by 6j, or 170 squares,
9 by 7J, or 160 squares, 10 by 8,
for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders
r£3.

35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mined for ui
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5(^. per pound. Special quotatic
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAH AN'I) GLASS WAREHOUSE,

14. Moor Lane. Crlpplegate. London. EC.

TCL^i^SSHeUSES&WEATiNG:

IB.W.WA-R«U-RST

LSIA. BK&070KT 8TBBBT, CHELSEA, %.ll.f

September 3, 1887.]

TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

293

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS "nd HEATING ENGINEERS.

r r CI EENBOrSES and HEAT-
/\ U PARATl'S arc Erected in
1 fjirt of the Kingdom.

Complete Ranges of

\ I N E R I E S

PEACH HOUSES,

FORCING HOUSES, &c.,

GARDEN FRAMES

of every variety in 8tock.
Gmeral CATALOGUE Post-free.

Hot -water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EV^RY DESCRIPTION.
4-inoh Pipes at Is. 6d. per yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

and all other kinds of
BOILEBS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

"^ For GREENHOUSES, &c.

Oil yCQTCR'Q PATENT STEEL TBENTHAM BOILER is far the best, cheapest, and

OILVLO I Ln O jnost ceonomiral Hot-water Jloiler maile. The improved facilities for ensuring

perfect combivftion saves fuel and^Jreceii/ssmwAf, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. The.se Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete ; elKoiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACinXEUr for all purposes, EKGINEfi, BOILERS, (§-c.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

GRGMPTON & FAWKES,

IIOItmrLTl-RAL Bl'ILDERS AND
IIEATIXO ENGINEERS,

CHELMSFORD.

J/te.rpejisive Artistic
Architectural

CONSERVATORIES.

Particulars and Price of Congervatory to
annexeJ design, also profusely Illustrated
BOOK, containing numerous other Designs
of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Ranges
of Hothouses, Vineries, Forcing Houses,
Sec, recently erected, fitted, and heated
hy us in different parts of the country
post-free on application.

Clients waited on and Surveys made in
any part of the country. Plans, Estimates,
minute details, and reliaUe suggestions
and information regarding every descrip-
tion of Horticultural Buildings — bas^ on
many years" experience — supplied free of
charge.

The efficiency of allHeating Apparatus,
Boilers, Fittings, &c., designed and con-
structed by us guaranteed.

Hew J^ditiim, Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Keprinted from the Gardeners Chronicle.

Price 3d., Post-free 3^d. ;

Twenty-five Copies, Ss; fifty, IDs. ; and one hundred, SOs.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The ubove are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turnrightoveroneon to theother, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ ,, „ 4 15 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ ,, 3 15 0

\2 feet long. 5 feet wide 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

B. HALLIDAT & CO.,

Hotliouae Builders and Engineers,
ROYAX HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,

2, Eolloway Road, N.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL BOW, LONDON, E.C.

W. H. LASCELLES at^d CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and
send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121. Bunhill Row, London, E.G.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabafor Walla, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application.

BECKETT BROS.,

Horticultural Engineers, Chelmsford.

Apply for our

Special LIST of Cheap and Substantial Buildings,
POST-FREE.

STEVEN BROS 8c. C<>
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

4- UPPER THAMES S'' LONDON. E.C.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS P ASK IBONIVORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

4-in Eipansion Joint Hotwater Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. M. each;

4-in Socket Hotrwater Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. erf. each.

Full Illustrated Beeised Price List on appHcati/m.

294

THE GABDENERS' CHBONIGLE.

[Septbmbeb 3, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' GHRONIGLL

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Heai Line charged as two.

4 Lines

•. £0

3

0

15

Line.

6 „

.. 0

8

«

16

„

6 „

. 0

4

0

17

,^

7 „

.. 0

4

6

18

jj

8 „

.. 0

5

0

19

jj

9 ,.

.. 0

5

6

20

jj

10 „

.. 0

6

0

SI

„

11 „

. 0

6

d

aa

„

12 „

.. 0

7

0

23

„

13 „

.. 0

7

6

24

jj

14 „

.. 0

8

0

25

„

AND

SIXPEXC

E FOR E7E

RY ADDITION

If 3et acr

139 two OolU

uin. tr

It set aoros

i three

3olu

mrn, t

le lowest cha

Page

£!; HilE

P.ige.

£1 10.-.

; Col

£0 8 6

0 9 0

0 9 6

0 10 0

0 10 6

0 11 0

0 11 6

0 12 0

0 12 6

0 13 0

0 13 6

0AXDS!JES3 anl OTHSRS WANriNS SITUATIONS.

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Fourteen Silver

Medals.

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Tottery,
Weston-super-Mare, Manufacturer of TERRA COTTA
VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER
TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from 1 to 30 inches
diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn gree.i ; ORCHID,
FERN, SEED, and STRIKING-PANS, KIIUB^VRB and SEA-
KAIE POTS, &c.

Price List post-free. Book of Desifins, Is. fitt.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3d3 and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ, glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Gloss Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FAR.MILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,

34, St. John Street, West Smltbfleld, London, E.C,

stock [.lit and Prices on aiifhcatmn. Quote Chronicle.

MABE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILE.
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Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350,000, Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. ; Head
Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLUM J. VTAN, Secretary.

AFTER SEASON SALE.

j\. GARDEN HOSE.

WATER BARROWS,
PORTABLE PUMPS.
GARDEN ENGINES.
HOSE REELS and FITTINGS.
LAWN FOUNTAINS.
EXTENSION LADDERS.

ENORMOUS DISCOUNTS.

To make room for Winter Stock of Fire Escapes and

Fire Engines.
T. H. HE.ITHMAN ASD CO., 2, Endell Street, Long Acre,
London, W.C.

"ly/TARQUEES. — Second-hand, at low prices, to

ijX clear this season. A number of Second-hand small
Marquees, from 20 X 12 feet to 35x17 feet, suitable for Clubs,
Schools, or private use, in excellent condition, nearly as good
as new. A few larger Marquees also for Sale; also C.4NVAS
for Awnings or Booth Covers, Prices on application to

BENJAMIN EDGINGTON (Limited), 2, Duke Street, London
Bridge, E.C.

Price 6d., free by post 7d, Obtainable of all Booksellers,

WATEli FOR XOTHIXG. Every House its
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" An endless fountain of immortal drink.
Pouring unto us from the heavens' brink."— Keats.
London : E. W. ALLEN, 4, Ave Maria Lane, E.C.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review) — L'Uh vear. — Among the principal Contributors are : —
A. Allard, E. 'Andre, C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Crepin,
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P, E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx, T. Moore. C. Naudin, B. Oliveira,
H. Ort-'ies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, O, Thomas, A. van Geert
Son, H. J. van Hulle, J, ran Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A West-
mael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom ;— One year
14s. payable in advance.

Publishing Office : l.'M, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
Ghent.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Resilience,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, adiiressed "Afirf/nnrf Counties
Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herald
ahvavs contaiiw large numbers of advertisements relating to
Famis, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. W. Eabp, late Head Gardener to E. S.
KoUNiiELL, Esq., Oeborne, Fernhurst, Sussex, has
been appointed Head Gardener to Sir ^^'. Eden,
Bart., Windlestone Hall, Ferry Hill, Durham.

Mr. John Wright has been appointed Head
Gardener to Barton Scobell, Esq., Kiuijwell
Hall, near Bath, suceceding Mr. Joseph Newton.

WORKING PARTNER with Small Nur-
seryman or Jobbing Gardener, or would PURCHASE
JOBBING GARDENER'S BUSINESS. Must be sound.— State
capital and particulars, &c., to J. T., 80, Oeveland Eoad,
Surbiton, Surrey.

ANTED, a FOREMAN, to take charge of

a portion of mv Collection of Herbaceous Plants.—
State experience, wages, &c., to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale
Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London, N.

WANTED, a competent MAN, to take charge
of a Small Market Garden. Good character essential.—
Apply, stating wages required, to Mr. THOMAS SCRUTTON,
9, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C.

WANTED, an intelligent young MAN, for
the Houses, and to help Outside occasionally. — W.
KETTLEWELL, The Gardens, Steventon Manor, Whitchurch,
Hants.

WANTED, an active young MAN, for
Nursery Work, chiefly under Glass.— State age and
experience to R. GILES, The Gordon Nursery, High Brooms,
Tunbridge Welle, Kent.

ANTED, an Energetic young MAN, to
Manage and Work a Small Seed Business in a Pro-
vincial Town. — L. M., Messrs. Hurst & Son, Houndsditch,
London, E.

WANTED, good GENERAL HAND, where
four are kept ; not under 20, Must understand Fires.
Wages 16s. with Bothy.— Apply, F, MORELAND, Gardener,
Tower Lodge, Belvedere Park. Kent.

WANTED, a SHOPMAN, in the Seed Trade,
Must understand Agricultural and Garden Seeds, also
Rose Budding and Bedding Plants, Married man preferred,
no family. A house on the premises; vegetables and fruit
found in the season. Under 40 years of age,- W. WRIGHT,
Market Square, Retford, Notts,

WANTED, a WAREHOUSE PORTER, for
the Seed Trade.— HY. CLARKE AXD SONS, 39, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

WANTED, as ASSISTANT, Youth for Shop
and Conservatory in London suburb; age about 18,
with previous experience in Nursery and Seed Trade. — State
antecedents and references, in own handwriting, to T. H.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,W.C.

WANTED, a young LADY for a Florist's
Shop. Good hand at Wreaths, &c.— Apply, D. G. M.,
341, Mare Street, Hackney. E.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should befitted in pauable at No. 42, DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into u,hose hands it may fall from, negotiating it.

N.B.~Tke best ajid safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials er to fictitious
7tames are not forwarded, but are at OJice returned to the

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender; this
tn all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at ail.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Iteferettce to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
firat-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establislimenta,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHN LAINQ
AND SONS. The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.

kj —John Downie, Seedsman. \U, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present ou his List a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-eugagemeots. He will be pleased to
supply full particulars to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentlemao
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HE.\D GARDENER. BAILIFF. FOREaMAN. or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the test selections for the
different capacities will be made. — HoUoway, N.

w

Gardeners, Under Gardeners. Bailiffs. &c.

M. CUTBUSll AM. SOX h^ive at the pre-

it time on their List .M I-.X \\ Ii
strict investigation, and such as from Llieir personal knowledge
can recommend as to abilities, &c. — Ladies and Gentlemen re-
quiring either of the above can be suited with reliable, tir3t-clae»3
men by applying to Wm.Cutbush& Son, HighgateNu

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
■tc— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston. near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also anotlier MAN, who. in addition to being
a good General •^--' '--- >- _ i ___ . _

Orchid Grower.
Establishments.

G1 ARDENEIl (Head).— Age 27, married ;
I thoroughly experienced in all brunches of the profession.
Can bo highly recommended.— M. SIMMONS, Ruffett Cottages,
Chipstead. Bedside, Surrey,

ARDENER (Head) ; age 32.— The Right

Hon. the Earl of Lathom's Gardener, Mr. Hathaway,

would be pleased to recommend a good Working Gardener, with

excellent character, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the

services of one.- -Lathom House, Ormskirk.

GARDENER (Head); age 27, married when
suited. — W. JOHNSTONK. Bayham Abbey Gardens,
Lamberhurst, Kent, can liigbly recommend his Foreman to
any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical Gardener.
Wages expected, about £tJ5. with house, &c.

G^ ARDENER (Head) ; a.o-*^ 'J7. ntnn-ifd.—
I" Jas. Harvey. Gardener to Jas, W:i I n [ , \! Uyns,
Ticehurst, Sussex, can with every coiifii' ■ i i, nj his

Foreman, Charles Gregory, as a thoruu-li.. m ,u, ;iiid

well versed in the profession. ludustriuLi- Aii 1 I'.vuiL.il.ing.

GARDENER (Head); age 3.5, married.—
A Uentle.man wishes to recommend his late Head
Gardener. A thorough trustworthy man. Four years with
him. Lett through breaking up ot establishment. — D. J.,
Park Cottage, Standen Road, Southlields, Wandsworth, S.W.

September 3, 1887.1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

295

GAKDENER(Head); age 27.— G. Merritt,
Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Dacre. Kimpton Hoo,
Wehvyu, Herta. desires to recommend his Foremiin, James
Anderson. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Testimonials
of the highest order.

GARDENER (Head).— married ; twenty-five
years' experience in oil branches of Gardening, I-aying-
out Grounds, &c. Good Fruit and Vegetable Grower. Good
character for sobriety, honesty, &e., from present and previous
employers.— G. HUBBARD, The Gardens, Deue Park, Tun-
bridge^

GARDENER (Head), where one or two are
kept.— Age 30, married when suited ; thoroughly under-
stands the Growing of Plants, Fruit, and Vegetables, and the
General Management of a Gentleman's Garden. Fifteen years'
experience, eleven years in present situation, and can be well
recommended by present employer. The reason for leaving is
death in the family.— F. S., Garden Cottages, Paul's Cray,
Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working), or ORCHID
GROWER.— Age 30. married ; sixteen years' thorough
experience under best of gardeners ; highly recommended as
capable in every branch, especially in Orchids. — GARDENER,
5. Parade, Church Road. Teddiogton. S.W.

r^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,

\^ mamed; understands Vines, Peach-houses, Stove
Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden, &c. Good character. —
W. P.. 4, North Row. Winchmore Hill. N.

ARDENER (He.sj) Working), where two

or three are kept. — Age 42, no family ; thoroughly prac-
tical. Fifteen years in last place. Highsst references. —
W. P. ROWE. Eastcott. Pinner.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37 ;
practiciil and competent in all branches of the pro-
fession. Good chan^ct^r.— \V. LEAGO, Groat Oakley Hall,
Kettering. Northamptonshire.

ARDENER (Head Woeking). — Middle-

age, married, no family; thoroughly experienced in all
branches of the profession. Land and Stock if required. Can
be highly recommended. — T. W., The Gardens, Avenue House,
Church End. Finchley, Loudon, N,

ARDENER (Head Working); married.—

A Gextlemax wishes to recommend his late Head
Working Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
thorough practical man in all branches. Poultry if required.
— T. C. Vermont Cottages, Rusthall, Tunbridge Wells.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 33,

married, no family; thoroughly experienced in Vines,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, General Forcing, Flower, and
Kitchen Garden. Three excellent references. — T. A., 3, Hamil-
ton Terrace. Wylds Lane, Worcester.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

or three are kept. — Age 30, married, one child ; fourteen
years' experience in all departments; five years in present
situation ; desires an engagement at any place by the sea on
the East Coast. Can be recommended ' by Mrs. Morley, Hall
Place. Tonbridge.

ARDENER (Head WobkixVG).— Age 42,

married, no family; a thorough practical man in all
branches of Gardening, Orcliids, Early Forcing of all kinds of
Fruits, Flowers, &c; tweuty-five years' practical experience.
Good reference.— E. H., Mr. R, Neal's Nurseries, Trinity Road,
Wandsworth Common, Surrey.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36,

married; abstainer. Twenty-one years' experience in
the Cultivation of Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Melons, Cucum-
bers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Orchids,
Roses, Chrj'santhemums, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Early
and Late Forcing. Unexceptional references for abilities and
character.— WICKSON, Long Ditton Hill. Surrey.

ARDENER (Head Working, or good

SI^•CiLE-HA^•D ED), —Twenty-sis years' experience. Good
reference-s.— MORWOOD, Clayton Heights, Bradford, Yorks.

ARDENER (Head Working, or good

Single-handed).— Single; experienced in both Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. Total abstainer.
Disengaged.— H. TOMS, F. Pelham, Buntingford, Herts.

ARDENER (Head Working, or Single"-

HANDED). — Married ; practical experience all round.
Can be well recommended.— J. BAILEY, 3, Pitcliford Terrace,
Cemetery Road, Forest Gate, E.

GARDENER (Head, where two or three are
kept; no objection to good Single-handed); age 31,
married, three children. — Mr. JackSOX, Gardener to J. Lees.
E^^q., Berry Hill, Mansfield, will be pleased to recommend his
Foreman, J. Thomas, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
practical Gardener. Nine years' good character from present
employer.

ARDENER; age 43.— W. Ssiythe, Head

Gardener to the late Lord Sondes, Elmham Hall, would
be pleased to recommend his late Foreman to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a good Gardener, — G. R., 46, Trinity
Road, Penge, S.E.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him; age 36, married, four children. — A Gentleman
can recommend a Grardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses. Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons, Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

ARDENER (Plain) ; Wife as Laundress,

or live in a Lodge. Good reference.— E. COTTON, Gar-
dener, Pick End. Hanley Castle, Worcester-hire.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or, where
more are kept, to "work in the Houses or Outside.—
H. VOKES, Broadwater, Worthing, Sussex.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 30,
married, no family: thoroughly practical and ener-
getic. Excellent refcrcnci'.— B.. New Koad, Kegworth, Derby.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
—Age 26, married ; thoroughly eiperienecil in all
branches of Gardening. Quick, hard-working man. Excellent
character.- H., 7, Newport Road. Burgess Hill

GARDENER (Thibd), in a place for learning.
— Young; has had some experience. Abstiiiiier.-
F. P.. .=.0. New Street. Salisbury.

Gl ARDENER (Single-handed, or Under). —
r Age 23; respectable. Nine years' good character.—
J. C, 3, Wanstead Cottages. The Village, Wanstead.

GARDENER (Undeb, or Single-handed). —
Seven years' experience Inside and Out. Good character.
— E. SMITH, Primrose Cottage, Eushey Heath. Herts.

GARDENER (Under), as Second, in the
Houses, in large establishment. — Age 23; can have good
references from former places.— T. COUSINS, High Street,
March, Cambs.

ARDENER (Under).— Young ; life experi-

ence. Gooii reference from last employer. — H. P., Mul-
kern Road, Elthrine Road, Upper Holloway. N.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 17 ; willing to
Learn. Good references.— W. WOOD, " Rising Sun,"
Billingshurst.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 22; good experi-

ence Inside and Out. Two years in present situation.
Good character. Abstainer.— A. HAWKES, The Gardens,
Gosfleld Hall, Halstead, Essex.

1VURSERY MANAGER, or FOREMAN.-

jL 1 The Advertiser is open for an engagement as above ; lias
had upwards of twenty years' practical experience. Excellent
testimonials. — ALPHA, Messrs. Clark Bros. & Co., Kur:iery-
men, Carlisle.

FOREMAN, in a private establishment. —
Has had good experience in large establishments. Good
reference.- J. W. WAPLEY, Chipping Sodbury, Gloucester-
shire.

To Gardeners.

FOREMAN. — Has had practical experience
with Fruit and Plant Culture, and House Decorations in
large establishments, — G. G., Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale,
London. W.

FOREMAN (General), in a private estab-
lishment.— Four and a half years' Orchid Foreman at
Downside. First-class reference for general Gardening. — F.
WHITE, Downside Gardens. Leatherhead.

FOREMAN (General, or Departmental),
in a good establishment. — Age 29; thirteen years' expe-
rience. Thoroughly capable. Highly recommended from pre-
sent and previous employers.— \V. K., 78, Loto Road, Chelsea,
London. S.W.

To NurserymeiL

FOREMAN (AVorking), Outdoor.— Age 31;
active and energetic. Thoroughly understands the Cul-
tivation of Outdoor Nursery Stock. Accustomed to the
Management of Men. Many years' experience. Total
abstainer. Excellent reference*.— H. D., Mr. Farmer, Lower
Wick, Worcester.

FOREMAN or JOURNEYMAN, in the
Houses. — .4ge 25, married, no incumbrance; abstainer.
Four and a half years at present place as Under Gardener.
Good characte. Experienced in all branches, and especially in
Chrysanthemums. — C. BELLIS, Halliwell Lodge, Bolton,
Lancashire.

To Nursennnen.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard and
Soft-wooded Plants.— Age 24; good references.— State
particulars to JdSEPH HOLMES, 14, Grove Street, Derby.

To Nurserymen and Otliera.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft-
wooded stuff.— Age 25; iew years' experience in all
branches,— E. B., 1. Park Villa, Park Fields, Putney, S.W.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft-
wooded Plants.— Age 27 ; nine years' experience. Good
reference. Total abstainer.— G. GRIGG. 15, Lion Street,
Bexley Heath, Kent.

ENERAL NURSERY PROPAGATOR.—

Age 26, married ; seven years' good character. — J.
TULLEY, Upper Tooting Park Nursery, S.W.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant), Indoor or Out,
in a good establishment. — Four and a half years' n fer-

enre from old-established firm. — Address, with teims, to
BRIGGS. Courtland's, Sandrock Road, Tunbridge Well-.

ALM or FERN GROWER.— Good experi-

ence and character in London Nurseries. — A. MORRIS,
Boston Grove. Boston Spa, Yorkshire.

JOURNEYMAN, or UNDER GARDENER,
Inside, or Inside and Out. — Aj^e 21 ; good references from
last and previous employers.— W. CHEDGEY, Keadin" Kooms,
Bushey Heath, Watford, Herts.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses or Out.— Age
23; seven years' good character.— C. FRANKLIN, The
Gardens, Forest Hill Park. Windsor, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN ; age 19.- Mr. Bhooks, The
Gardens, Red Rice, Andover, Hants, can with every con-
fidence recommend H. Garlick to any Gardener requiring a
trustworthy man.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
Age 2.3 ; seven years' experience. — D. MEAD, The
Squirrel, Newent, Gloucester.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21;
three years' in present situaation. Good recommenda-
tion. Bothy preferred.— S. H. SNELL, The Daison, St. Mary
Church, Torquay.

JOURNEYMAN, or Second, in the Houses.—
Age 23 ; seven years' good experience in large establish-
ments. — T. STEAD, The Gardens, Breakspears, irxbridge,
Middlesex.

r^OWMAN, or GARDENER (Under).—

\J Age 30 ; understands Pigs and Poultry. Left through
death. Nine years' good character.- L. TIBBLES, 53, Gation
Road, Hampstead, N.W.

IMPROVER, in a good establishment.— Age 18 ;
two years' good character. Had some experience. —
Mr. T. LAMBERT. Burton Constable Hall, Hull.

IMPROVER, in the Houses, with Florist or
Market Grower,— Good character.— M. T.. Mr. Warren,
Turnford, near Hoddesdon, Herts.

To Nurserymen.
TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 19; five

X years' experience. Three years in last situation. Good
character.— W. SMITH, 2, Rose Cottages, Uakfield Road, Ore,
Hastings, Sussex.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's establishment,
where he would get a good practical knowledge of Green-
house Work.— Age Itj ; active. Five years' experience in
general Garden Work.— Apply in first instance to PHILIP
G/VRNISH, Mangotsfield, Bristol.

ARKET NURSERIES. — A young man

desires a place in a Market Nursery. Is well used to
that branch. Excellent references from Market Nurseries,--
J. B. S., 9, Chisenhale Road. Old Ford Road, N.E.

O GARDENERS.— Wanted to place a youth

(nearly 17), under a good, practical. Gardener. Ab-
stainer; strong. Has fair knowledge of work. Indoors and
Out. No Premium.— G. CURTIS, Timsbury Manor, Romsey,
Hampshire.

0 GARDENERS, &c.— A young man (age 21)

seeks a place under a Gardener. Willing to make him-
self useful.— H. HAZELL, Staines Road, Hounslow, Middlesex.

TO FRUIT and FLOWER GROWERS and
NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a well-trained business
man, with some knowledge of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables,
a situation of Trust in a Nursery or Fruit Farm. — E. F.,
Mentone, Inglis Road, Southsea.

ANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN, in the

Re tailSeed Trade. — Thoroughly conversant in all branches
of the Business. First-class references. — H. J. W., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

To the Seed Trade.

MANAGER or SHOPMAN.— Age 24 ; a
thorough knowledge of the London and Provincial
Trade, or would be prepared to Invest Capital for a Share in
Established Business. Good Book-keeper and Correspondent.
Highest references.— MAC, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or Second. — Age 21 ; six years'
experience ; first-class references. — J. H., K. B. Laird &
Sons, Edinburgh.

Nursery and Seed Trade.

BOOK-KEEPER. — Thoroughly experienced.
First-class references.— H. H., Gnrdeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

0 SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS.— Wanted, a

place of Trust, by respectable young man (age 23) ; used
to Seliing and Book-keeping; willing to make himself useful.
Firstrclass references. — FRED. MORFETT, Robertsbridge,

SEED, BULB, and NURSERY TRADE.—
A young man (age 22) seeks re-engagement in above.
Thoroughly conversant with all its branches. Much experi-
ence in Wreath and Bouquet Making. First-class testimonials,
— G. G. B., Messrs. Hurst & Sons, Houndsditch, E.

O FLORISTS.— A young Man (age 28), seeks
a situation as above. Good maker-up. Thirteen years'
experience; first-class character. — A. B., 60, Chepstow Villas,
Bayswater, W.

HORTICULTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN and
HOT- WATER ENGINEER —A man of great experience.
Good at Designs, Estimating. Heating, Details, &c. Has had
experience in Glazing without putty, Landscape Gardening,
and all work connected with the business. Moderate salary. —
A. Z., 74, Fosberry Road, Brockley, S.E.

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS. — These celebrated
Pills are especially useful in preventing the bad effects
of luxurious living. They purify the blood, cleanse the stomach,
gently stimulate the kidneys, andactasamildaperient. Without
some such corrective as HoUoway'a Pills the festivity of one dny
often debars from all enjoyment for a week. A few do-es cf
this purifying medicine sets the foulest stomach right, restrains
biliousness, steadies the circulation, gives strength to the
muscles, and composure to the brain and nerves. The Pills are
incapable of doing mischief to the most delicate constitution^.
The Hypochondriac will find this medicine comfort his miser-
able nerves — it will increase the appetite, exhilarate the spirits,
fill the vessels with good healthy blood, and regulate the
excretory organs.

296

THE GAB DENE R 8' CHRONICLE.

[Septehbeb 3, 1887.

SHOPPING BY POST!!

LADIES', CHILDREN'S, & GENTLEMEN'S DRESS FABRICS I Saving from

DIRECT from the DARLINGTON LOOMS, ) 25 to 50 per Cent.

LADIES

ARE INVITED TO
WRITE FOR

ONE THOUSAND PATTERNS

OF THE BEAUTIFUL

Darlington Dress Materials,

AS WORN BY THE PRINCE AND PRINCESS OF W.iZES.

Sent POST-FREE to any Address in the United Kingdom.

HENRY PEASE & CO.'S SUCCESSORS are now ready to deliver their New Dress Goods for the Present Season, fresh from their Looms,
comprising all the latest Fashionable Ni>\eltirs in Pure "Wool, together with their celebrated Cross-Warp Serges and Gold Medal Cashmeres, renowned
for their Beautiful Appearance and Hard- Wearing Qualities. These splendid goods are SOLD DIRECT TO THE PUBLIC, without the intervention
of Wholesale Merchants, Drapers, Agents, or Middlemen, all intermediate profits being given to the Purchaser.

Ladies have only to see the Patterns of these Exquisite Specialties to be convinced of their splendid value. ANY LENGTH IS CUT — no matter
how short — and any article not approved will be changed within seven days.

ALL PARCELS ARE DELIVERED CARRLAGE FREE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

Either a Letter, Postcard, or a Six-
penny Telegram will bring the box of
patterns by next post, and all orders are
executed same day as received.

HENRY PEASE & CO.'S SUCCESSORS,

Spinners and Manufacturers,

THE MILLS,

DARLINGTON,

ENGLAND.

(ESTABLISHED 1752.)

_. ^^^

Messrs. HENRY PEASE and CO.'S SUCCESSORS buy their A\'ools direct from the English Farmer. After careful sorting and cleaning the
Wool is spun into Yarn, and the Y'arn woven into the various charming Fabrics for which the Firm have been renowned snice their Establishment in
1752— the entire process of manufacture being carried on in their own Mills at Darlington, employing more than One Thousand Hands.

Editorial Communications should be addremed to "The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office. 41, Wellington Street Cov
Printed by WlLUAM BlOHiBDS, at the Office of Messrs. Bbadbuby, AQjrew & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, m the County of Midd
taid Wnjim BiCHABDS. at th« Offloe, 41, WeUiDgton Street, Pariah of St. Paul's, Oorent Oaiden, ■-^'■■-^-•" — •- = ."■« ii-r,».,^i,a, ■>

t Garden, London, W.C"

_ ex, and published by the

the said bounty.— siTnBDAT, September 3,' 1887. Agoutfor Manchester— JOHK HETWOOD.

Established

No. 2437.

No. 37.— Vol. II. {i^Z} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBEE 10, 1887.

CRegt. as a Newspaper.

fPRICE 3d.

V POST-FBEB, 3id.

CONTENTS.

Agave Henriquesii

Apples and Pears

Annald of the Royal
Botauic Gardens, Cal-

British Desmids

Broom House, Fulham ...

CLamwrops Fortuuei ...

Colonial Notes

Dalton and Joule

Disa grandiflora

Floral Committee, meet-
ing at Chiswick

Floristjj" flowers

Flower garden

Forestry

Fuchsia, specimen

Hardy fruit garden

Herbaceous wjrder

Iris reticulata, disease of

Jasminura Sambac, a
fasciated

Lettuces

Liliums

Lobelia subnuda

Maples, Japanese
National Chrysanthemum

Society

Orchid notes

Palms, garden

Plants and their cul-

Potato scab

Royal Horticultural So-

Societieg : —

Crystal Palace Fruit ...

National Dahlia

Newcastle-on-Tyne ' ...

Royal Caledonian

Trees and shrubs

Vegetation, chemistry of

Veronic

Weather, the

iLLUSTRATtONS.

Agave Henriquesii
Fuchsia, aspecimen

Lobelia subnuda

Maples, group of ornamental

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

TSU GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the " Gardeners' Chronicle "from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY, Royal Aquarium, Westminster, S.W.
EARLY CHRYSANTHEMUM. DAHLIA, and GLADIOLUS
EXHIBITION, SEPT. 14 and 15. Schedules free on appli-
cation. The Floral Committee will meet Sept. 14, Oct. 12 and
26, Nov. 9 and 23. and Dec. 7. Medals are offered for competi-
tion at each Meeting for New Chrysanthemums. See Schedule.
WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.
Erampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, E.

ROYAL JUBILEE EXHIBITION,
Manchester.

A GRAND EXHIBmON of FRUITS and FLOWERS will
be held on SEPTEMBER 16 and 17. For Schedules, apply to the

Royal Botijiical Gardens, Manchester. BRUCE FINDLAY.

SPECIAL OFFER to the English Trade of
100,000 INDIAN AZALEAS, from 60s., 70s., 80s., 100s.,
120s., to 200s. per 100.

AZALEA MOLLIS, GHENT AZALEAS, RHODODEN-
DRONS, CAMELLIAS, FERNS, PALMS, for Table and Gen-
eral Decoration. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA, SPIKJEAS,
LILY OF THE VALLEY, and various other Plants for forcing.
All at very moderate charges.

Wholesale CATALOGUE, free on application, from
A. VAN QEERT, Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

pARNATION, " PAUL ENGLEHEART."—

KJ New Crimson Clove, perfectly hardy, free flowering, fine
ch colour, remarkably fragrant, requires no sticks. See
'•ardeii, July 31, 1886 ; August 13, 1S87. Gilbert Davidson.
aving acquired from the Rev. G. H. Engleheart the entire

tock of this fine and useful border Carnation, is prepared to
>ook Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
;que3t€d. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict

rotation, at 2s. 6rf. each, 24s. per dozen.
GILBERT DAVIDSON, Wemoleu, AjmnanEord, R.S.O.,
larmarthenshire, S. Wales,

CUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

O containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and post-free to
intending purchasers.

SUTTON AND SONS, The:Quepn's Seedsman, READING.

F LEWIS, Nurseryman, The Leylands,
• Derby, has a few Thousand ADIANTUM CUNEATUM
to dispose of out of 60's, extra strong. ISs. per 100.

Cash with order. Price per llXXl on application.

PALM SEEDS. — Fresh Seeds of Kentia
Belmoreana, Canterburyana Forsteriana, Areca Baueri
and lutescens, just to hand. Lowest quotations. Samples
free on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jun., Ereslau, Germany.

Hyaclntlis. Tulips. Crocus, Lilies, jic.
p G. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,

\J' Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD iUD SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

WINTER-FLOWERING HEATHS, HYE-
MALIS and Others. Good Plants, showing well for
flower — cannot be surpassed — in 6 and ti-inch pots, 15s. to 24s.
per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH ixn CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

Carnations, Flcotees, Cloves and Pinks.

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, and may be
had free on application.

The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

BOUVARDIAS, fine bushy plants, 30s.
per 100; CYCLAMENS, good, in 48's, 30s. per 100;
GARDENIAS, strong plants, 30s. per 100; Tree CARNA-
TIONS, best sorts, 30s. per 100— good plants.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

LYCHNIS HYBRID A.— See Gardeners'
chronicle, p. 57. The finest new hardy plant of the year.
Now being sent out, each 35. 6(f. Seed, per packet, 5s.
T. SMITH, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry.

FOR SALE, 1000 GENISTAS, in 48-pots, at
£1 Is. per 100; 1000 in 48-pots, at 16s. per 100; 20,000
FERNS, in variety, from 4s. per 100 ; 2000 Maidenhair FERNS,
in 48-pot3, at £1 Is. per 100 ; 2000 GREVILLA ROBUSTA. at
£1 Is. per 100, in 48-pots to the Trade only.— T. BALDWIN
AND SON, Edith Nursery, Burchall Road, Leyton.

FOR SALE, or EXCHANGE, Five Large
Plants (in splendid health) of PHCE.\IX DACTYLIFEKA
and LATANIA BURBONICA. For particulars apply to
GARDENER, Eden Hall, Langwathby, Cumberland.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

NimsERTMEK, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION. SLDCUP."

ANTED, Cuttings of Vesuvius, Pollocks,

and White Bedding GERANIUMS ; also Gem CAL-
CEOLARIAS. Send sample and lowest price per 1000 to
E. CHAMBERLAIN, Nurseryman, 192. Haverstock Hill, N.W.

ANTED, Cuttings of GERANIUMS —

Vesuvius, Jacoby, and West Brighton Gem. Price
and quantity to

C. RADFORD, Effingham Nursery, Lee, Kent.

ANTED, Cuttings of Tricolor and Scarlet

GERANIUMS.
J. HAYWARD. The Nurseries. Chedale, Manchester.

To Seedsmen.

WANTED, Sets of DRAWERS, CUP-
BOARDS, and SHELVES, suitable for the Vegetable
and Flower Seed and Bulb Trade. Send full particulars and
lowest prices to

A. B. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

w

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

EAVING andCO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old varieties.

OBURVENICH-BE WINNE, Gentbrugge,
• near Ghent, Belgium, offers : — 35,000 well-budded
AZALEA MOLLIS, from 10—50 buds; 20,000 AZALEA
INDICA, of snperior growth, and for English use; PALMS,
RHODODENDKONS, DRAC/ENAS, and General Belgian Stock.
Ask for PRICE LIST, free on application.

NEW CHOICE HOLLYHOCK SEED.— To
ensure success sow at once from R. Ward's healthy stock
of fine named varieties. For over forty years his specialty, and
th« raiser of Chater's original stock of celebrated seedlings.
Collections of twelve named sorts, separate, 7s. 6rf. ; mixed
ditto, 5s. per packet ; mixed, from good strains, 2s. %d. per pkt.
Strong healthy plants, best named kinds, in pots, 12s. to 18s.
per dozen.

ROBT. WARD, Florist, 329, Woodbridge Road, Tp=;wich.

AING'S BULBS. — White Roman HYA-

CINTHS. fine large roots. 14s. per luO; extra large picked
roots, 16s. per 100. Paper White and Double Roman NARCIS-
SUS, 9s. per 100. Our FLOWER ROOTS are unusually large
and well ripened this season. Prices low. All carriage free.

GARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good
colour, showing flower-bud, and absolutely cleau, in
5 and &-inch pots, 21s. to 30s. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH and CO., Roval Nurseries, Ascot.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY,—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for largs
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chameerops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill. Loudon, N.

Camellias. Azaleas, Rhododendrons. Palms, Orchldv,

Slc. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nubsebyman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London, E.C,

Dutch and other Bulbs.
pHARLES TURNER'S CATALOGUE is

\j now ready. The first consignment is to hand, in excel-
lent condition. The new Ro^e, Fruit Tree, and Coniferae
CATALOGUE is in the press.

The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

REE FERNS, ALSOPHILA AUSTRALIS.

— Fine Plants, in tubs, with 2^ to 4 feet stems, to offer at
moderate prices.

EDWARD SANG AXD SONS, Nurserymen, Kirkcaldy.

FOR SALE, CAMELLIA TREES: three
about 6 feet high, in boxes, and two in pots, 3 to 4 feet
high— Red, White, and Pink, fine, bushy and healthy. Apply to
GARDENER, Alice Holt. " '

r Farnham.

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dvson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS— " PTERIS," LONDON.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, 3rf.— W. LOVEL AMD SON. Strawberry Growers, Driffield,

298

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septejibes 10, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS. — GRE.\T UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Snle Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at halt-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

The Great Annual Trade Sales of Greenhouse Plants.
Important to Nurserymen and Florists.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call ntteutioo to the following SALES, and
will be pleased to add the names and addresses of intending
purchasers who may de.sire to receive Catalogues, which will
be forwarded free of expense.

Auction Rooms and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C., and Leytonstone, E.

Upper Edmonton.

The SECOND ANNUAL TRADE SALE of 30.000 splendidly
grown GREENHOUSE and other PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. H. B. May to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Dysons Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton
(about 3 minutes' walk from Angel Rond, and y minutes' from
Silver Street Railway Stations, G.E.R.). on MONDAY, Sep-
tember 12, at 11 o'clock punctually, 30.000 GREENHOUSE
and STOVE PLANTS, remarkably weU-grown, and in the
best possible condition, comprising : —

10,000 Tree Carnations,
best varieties
2.000 Tea Roses
2,000 Variegated Ivies
4.000 Miscellaneous Plants
May L

the

1,000 Ampelopsis Veitchii
ftOO Clematis
10,000 Ferns of sorts, including
Pteris cretica Mayii
1,000 Azaleas, Fielder'sWhite
ewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
', and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, London, E.C. ; and Leytonstone, E.

Lee. Kent, S.E.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE, to

11 o'clock in consequence of the large number of lots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. B. Mailer & Sons to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries,
Lee, S.E., adjoining the Railway Station, on TUESDAY,
September 13, at 11 o'clock punctually -without reserve.
25,000 WINTER BLOOMING HEATHS,

beautifully grown and remarkably
including —
15,000 Erica hyemali
5,000 Erica gracilis
Large quantities of

melaiithcra ventri

persj.

Cav

idi>hii

id otlier best kinds
A lar^e quantity of small Erica

hyeraalisfor growing on
8000 Solanum capsicastrum,

in berry [double

6000 Bouvardias, single and
2000 Genistas, very fine
Cyclamen persicum
2000 Adiantum cuneatum
Alsophila australis, in 24's and

16'8 pots

yell set with bloom-buds,

3000 Loraaria gibba. true, com-
pact variety, and other Ferns

500 Epacris, well-grown

Borouia megastigma

Quantity of extra strong
Marechal Niel and other '1 ea
Ro^^es

Grevillea robu^ta

Palms

Ficus elastica

Greenhouse Passion-flower*

Poinsettias

Ampelopsis Veitchii

Stephanotis

A ftne lot of the new white
Plumbago capensis.

Large Gardenias for cutting
Beautifully coloured Crotons. Sec
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, o

N.B.— Messrs. P. Sl M. desire to call the attention of intend-
ing Purchasers to the stock to be offered as above. The plants
are remarkably well grown, fit for immediate sale, and the
whole will be found in an equally good condition aa former years.

Lea Bridge Road Nurseries, Leyton.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. John Fraser to SELL by AUC-
TION on the Premi«p<), The Lps Bridge Road Nurseries,
Leyton, E. {-.y f.-w nnmn.-.' w.ilk frniu the Hoe Street Station,
G.E,R.),on U I l^M l'\ , . -^. i.r. -i!h r 1-1, at 11 o'clock pre-
cisely, in ccui- ' i:iil"-r of lots, a fine assort-
ment of WIN 1 1 M ' " ■ 1 1 Ml \ I MS, including hyemalis
and others ; I.il" j; .m i - ■; < w I, AMEN, Eraser's superb
strain ; BOl'VAHlJl -VS. SttLANUMS, splendidly berried ;
GENISTAS. Tree CARNATIONS, LAPAGERIAS, CLEMATIS
indivifia, lobata. and other greenhouse climbers; ROSES,
including Marechal Niel, W. A. Richardson, of extra size, and
a variety of Tea-scented and Hybrid Perpetuals ; Clematis
Jackmanni, and other fine sorts; Ampelopsis Veitchii, varie-
gated and other Ivies; Pa.ssion-rtowers, Jasmines, and other
hardy climbers. A good collection of Hollyhocks and several
thout^nds of young ilcaths, and Genistas for growing on.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

Tottenham, N.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of WINTER FLOWERING
HEATHS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. &c., to
commence punctually at 11 o'Clock, there being upwards
of 1200 lots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by the Executors of the late Mr. John Mailer
toSELLby AUCTION, on the Premises, the Brunswick Nur-
sery. Tottenham (close to White Hart Lane Station, G.E.R.).
on THURSDAY, September 15, at U o'Clock precisely, without

10,000 Winter-blooming HEATHS— including hyemalis, graci-
lis, caffra, Wilmorea, and others.
5.000 SOLANUMS— well berried.
5,000 FERNS— Adiantums. Pteris. &c.
3.000 Tree CARNATIONS, leading varieties.
5.000 BOUVARDIAS.
3,000 GENISTAS.
1,000 Double White PRIMULAS.
1.000 Stove and Greenhouse CLIMBERS.

DIPLADENIAS of sorta, ALLAMANDAS. BOUGAIN-
VILLEAS. STEPHANOTIS, TACSONIAS.
1,000 PASSIFLORAS, and AMPELOPSIS VEITCHU.

500 CROTONS and DRACENAS, beautifully coloured.
1,000 PALMS, FICUS. &c.

Large. AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS for cutting from.
Many thousands of small ERICAS ; and a collection of
other useful Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.G., and Ley-
tonstone. E.

N.B.— The whole of the Stock is in first-rate condition, the
Ericas being especially well set for (lowers.

Sidcup. Kent, S.E.

SIXTH GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of WINTER-
FLOWERING HEATHS, ROSES, and OTHER PLANTS,
forming one of the finest and largest Collections ever sub-
milted to the public in a single day. The stock of Heaths
is unrivalled (without doubt the finest lot ever offered by
Messrs. Gregory & Evans), the plants being particularly
well-grown, oeautifuUy set with flower, and worthy of in-
spection by intending purchasers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Gregory & Evans to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Longlands Nursery, Sidcup
(ten minutes' walk from Pope Street Station, South-Eastern
Railway), on FRIDAY. September 16, at 11 o'clock precisely,
in consequence of the unusually large number of 1600 lots, and
enormous quantity of exceedingly well-grown Winter-blooming
HEATHS and other PLANTS, which are unsurpassed in the
Trade. To convey some idea of the magnitude of the Stock,
the following quantities may be mentioned ;^
.30,000 ERICA HYEMALIS

10,000
6,000
6,000
2,000
2,000
2,000

CAVENDISHII
MAGNIFICA
COCCINEA MINOR
8,000 BOUVARDIAS. of sorts
7,000 SOLANUM.S, well berried
8,000 CYCLAMEN, line plants, I
strain

3,000 Doriir.K
2,000 (n;i:\ii,i

1,000 AMII I."
10,000 RUSKS, j;

Thousands of small HEATHS and GENISTAS tor growing on.
The stock is now arranged for sale, and may be viewed.
Catalogues maybe had on the Premises; and of the Auctit

ally for this Sale. 4 feet i

and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Ley

. E.

Lewisbam, S.E.

UrPORTANT TRADE SALE of PALMS, FERNS. &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. R. Bullen to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Woodlands Nursery,
Lewish,am, S.E., on SATURDAY, September 17, at 11 o'clock
precisely, an immense quantity of remarkably well-grown
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including the following
Engl" h g 0 n Palm 'n perfe t h alth and ondtion, in 32's.
48 and 60 ab ut 4000 Latan a ba b n a 2000 Seaforthia
el 0 A B u sap da and lut n 600 Kentia

F t \ Halm eana 0 t W ddelliana, 600

Co )pl t 1 lOOOPhocnx up la 1000 P canariensis,

& 00 A 1 t n t ra 1 0 A de 0 um, 1000 Pteris

t m ! 1 a d a 1 rge number

of th f 11 I Poljp d um aureum,

Gjm t ta Cy tomium fal-

tu n i qu ntities of Tree

C t 1 11 p t Gardenias,

El 1^ 1 t 0 A 1 r Id s Wh t and indica

alb i 4 a d 16 3

Tl St k ma no b ed Catalo u had on the Pre-

m d of th Au t one 67 and 68 Ch apside, E.C,

L jt n t n E

Friday Next.

V.iNDA SANDERIANA, grand importation just to hand, in
superb order.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander, to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.,
on FRIDAY NEXT. September 16. at half past 12 o'Clock, pre-
ci.sely, the best importation which as yet has reached this country,
of Vanda Sanderiana. It is undoubtedly the finest introduction
of late years, and unquestionably the most superb Vanda
known. The plants and masses are in the very best possible
condition. It is extremely difficult to import, but the present
consignment came home under the personal care of Mr. Micho-
litz, tlie collector, hence the fine condition of the plants.

At the same time will be offered a sp^-cially fine lot of
LiELIA AUTUMNALIS, with distinct looking bulbs; ODON-
TOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM. good ma-ssew; EPIDENDRUM
NEMORALE, E. ERUBESCENS, 0NCIDIt7M MICROPAGON.
CATTLEYA SCHOFIELDIANA, C. GRANULOSA, and many
Other valuable Orchids.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Forest Gate.

Excellent opening for small Capitalists. Almost without

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Billings to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Nursery, Upton Lane, Forest Gate, on
MONDAY, September 19, at 12 oClock precisely, the BENE-
FICIAL INTEREST in the LEASE of the NURSERY, with
6 Greenhouses, Cottage, and 1 Acre of Land, subject to the
very low rent of dE30 per annum. Also in suitable lots the
whole of the well-grown stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, comprising 1000 Maidenhair Ferns, 2000 Bouvardia.*,
Palms, double Primulas, Cyclamen, Utensils in Trade, &c.

May be viewed. Catalogues obtainable on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers. 67 and 6i*. Cheapside, London, E.C. :
and Leytonstone, E.

Without Reserve.-St. John's Wood, N.W.

Adjoining Lord's Crickt-t Oround, and ."i minutes' walk from
St. John's Wood Station.

TWO DAYS' UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE (instead of
one day as announced last week), by order of Messrs. E. G.
Henderson & -Son and Messrs; Hooper & Co., Limited,
of the whole of the GLASS ERECTIONS, and otherTRADE
BUILDINGS. BRICKWORK. HOT-WATER PIPING,
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, and SUNDRIES, the
land being required immediately by the Committee of the
Marvlebone Cricket Club for the extension of their grounds.

MESSRS. TROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Welling-
ton Nursery, St. John's Wood. N.W. (entrance from Wellington
Place), on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, September 20 and 21,
at 12 o'clock precisely each day, the erections of 11 GREEN-
HOUSES, containing about 15.000 superficial feet, numerous
PITS, .=.000 feel of HOT-WATER PIPING, several PITS, 660
GLAZED LIGHTS, Slate-slab STAGING, CISTERNS, thou-
sands of BRICKS, a quantity of well-grown STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, consisting of 1000 English-grown
Camellias, 1000 Decorative Plants, 3000 Ferns, in variety ; also
the Surplus Stock of Horticultural SUNDRIES, including
China Wreaths, Crosses, Dried Flowers, and numerous other
effects.

May be viewed the Saturday and Monday prior to the Sale.
Catalogues can be obtained on the Premises, or at the Pine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale. W.; and of the Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C, and Leytonstone.

West Cholderton.

3 miles from Grately Station, S.W.K.. and within 10 miles of

Salisbury and .\ndover.
SALE of the collection of STOVE and GREENHOUSE

PLANTS, formerly the property of the late Mrs. Paxton.

Without reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by W. A. Paxton, Esq., to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, adjoining Cholderton House,
West Cholderton, as above, on TUESDAY', Seplember 27, at
12 o'clock precisely, the collection of well-grown STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 100 AZALEA &IDICA, including
several fine specimens ; 7 splendid specimen AGAPANTHUS, a
few ORCHIDS, GARDEN ROLLER, MOWING MACHINES,
and other UTENSILS.

May be viewed anv day on application to the GARDENER.
Catalogues had at the Post-olfice, West Cholderton; and of
the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.
an<l Leytonstone, E.

Orciilds in Flower. Special Sale. Tuesday, Sept. 27;

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that their next special sale of
ORCHIDS will take place as above, tor which they will be glad
to receive notice of Entries as early as possible.
Auction Rooms and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Nursery Stock Sales.
llfESSRS. PROTIIKF.OE and MORRIS

I-tX desire to anuoniir-' tti:d, tlu'V are now arranging their
SALES of NURSERY S'l'ocK, for the coming season, and they
will be pleased to receive the mimes of intending Purchasers
who may wish to receive CATjliOGUES.

Auction Rooms and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

Tuesday Next.— (Sale No. 7468.)
SPECIAL TRADE SALE OP DUTCH BULBS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, on TUESD.iY September 13. at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, 660 lots of first-class DUTCH BULBS, in
great variety, and specially lotted to suit the Trade and other
large buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

■Wednesday Nejct.— (Sale No. 7480.)

400 choice named INDI.IN AZALEAS, well set with buds,

direct from Ghent.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY, September 14,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7479.)
Extensive Importations of Orchids, received direct.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE bv AUCTION, at his Great Booms, 38, King
Str.'et, Covent linrdcn.W. Con WEDNESD.VY.SeptemberU.at

I, ,,11;,,,.^ 1' M-i :,,!, |.-, .1.. ;i . i:; .,!-.■. ..f c-iTTLEYAS, &c..

I of

I.I.l'MS, and many
..Kues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7479.)
SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Gar-
den. London, E.C, on WEDNESDAY. September 14, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine lot of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD from various collections, including many choice ,

On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

September 10, 1887.]

TEE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

299

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 7481.)

VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
DENDROBIUM PROFUSUM.
PHALJENOPSIS SANDERIANA.

,. SCHILLERIANA. „„,„,.„„„.

CffiLOOYNE DAVANA and C. TOMENTOSA.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Greot Rooms. 38. King Street. Covent
Garden W.C, on THURSDAY. September 15. at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, very fine
importations of the above very fine ORCHIDS, together with a
ouantity of MEXICAN ORCHIDS, in extra condition, com-
prising a fine lot of Cattleya citrina, Barkeria species, Odon-
toglossum Londesboroughianum ; also a fine lot of Lrelia
purpurata, Cattleya Dowiana, the rare and handsome Pilumna
nobilis, Comparettia falcata, Laslia harpophylla, Oncidium
sarcodes, Odontoglossum Schleiperianum, Cattleya guttata,
and various Oncidiums from the Brazils, in excellent condition,
and many other choice ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

The CoUeotion of Orodlds formed by

Dr. Ward, of Southampton.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from Dr. Ward, of Southampton, who, on account of ill-
health, is giving up the growing of Orchids, to SELL by AUC-
TION, at hisGreat Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C,
without Reserve, on THURSDAY. September 22, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, his entire COLLECTION of ORCHIDS,
which he has been forming during the last fifty years, including,
among many other fine things, Cattleya labiata (true old
autumn-flowering variety), C. Backhousinna, L«lia Dayann
alba. L. anceps alba. Ccelogyne cristata Lemoniana. Odonto-
gloasum najvium majus, Miisdevallia Bull's blood. &c.

On I

ling of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Bulba— Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Room5.3S,KingStreet, Covent Garden, W.C,
every MONDAY. WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

w

To Gentlemen, Gardeners, Florists, &c.
ANTED, TO KENT, for Market purposes,

GARDEN, with Glasshouses.— Address particulars to
A. E., 2. Howard Street, Oxford.

To Nurserymen.

FOR SALE, with Immediate Posession,
GREENHOUSES, all fitted with 4 inch Hot-water Pipes,
Potting Shed, and Trade Utensils. Situated in a first-class
position for Business, with Walled-in Garden and water laid on.
Ground rent £32. Lease 14 years. Price £275. A bargain.
Apply WHITE. High Street, Sittingbourne-

SMALL NURSERY.— .5000 feet of Glass,
5 miles from Manchester. Stock, all complete. Verv
cheap.— J.. Gardeners' Chrmicle Office, 41, WelUngton Street,
Strand. W.C.

London, S.E.
A SMALL WELL-ESTABL:SHED NUR-

x\. SERY and FLORIST BUSINESS, «-ith 7 Greenhouses
and good Residence in a capital situation TO BE SOLD, or a
WORKING PARTNER with Small Capital could be treated
with, .\pplv to ,, „ ,,

Mr. G. L.ANE, Surveyor. 2."i. Elam Street, Camberwell. S.E.

To Florists, &c.

TO BE LET or SOLD, on Bexley Heath,
Eight new GREENHOUSES. 200 by 12 and 15 feet, now
planted with Tomatos. Room to erect niore._ Apply,

W. G. BAILEY. Florist. The Nc

1, Bexley. Kent.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

TO LET, at Michaelmas next, about 13^ acres
of LAND, at Plaistow, situated in the Prince Regent's
Lane, and close to the Barking Road. For particulars apply to
Messrs. CLUTTON, 9. Whitehall Place, S.W.

BMALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NU.MS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS, BOUVAEDIAS, ADIAN-
TU.M CUNEATUM and other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION wiU be held EARLY IN
SEPTEMBER.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

;"^txv-^\v^k!

FREE BY POST OR^AI L

PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE

JamesDmson&Sons

NEWTON" NURSERlESVurcTpR
I08EASTCATES! jiMM

NEW

TERRA COTTA CARNATION,
MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE.

(Syn. GRAVETYE GEM.)

" JAMES DICKSON & SONS "

Have the honour of offering this sterling novelty. It is a very hardy and vigorous border
Carnation, extremely floriferous, and of an entirely new colour, and has been awarded First-class
Certificates of the Royal Horticultural Society, The Manchester Royal Botanical Society, and the
Liverpool Horticultural Association.

Price of Plants— 2s. 6d. each, 24s. per dozen.

Descriptive CATALOG Ui: of same, also CAT.iLOGUES of J. E. ^- Sons' unequalled

Nursery Stocl:, Post-free on application.

'' NEWTON " NURSERIES, CHESTER.

FRIDAY NEXT.

VAN DA SANDERIANA.

A Grand Importation, just to hand, in mperb order.

MESSES. PROTHEEOE and MOEEIS are instructed by Mr.
F. Sander, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, September 16, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the best importa-
tion which as yet has reached this country of Vanda Sanderiana. It is undoubtedly the finest intro-
duction of late years, and unquestionably the most superb Vanda known. The plants and masses are
in the very best possible condition. It is extremely difficult to import, but the present consignment
came home under the personal care of Mr. Micholitz, the collector, hence the fine condition of
the plants.

At the same time will be offered a specially fine lot of L/ELIA AUTUMNALIS, with distinct
looking bulbs ; ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM, good masses ; EPIDENDRUM NEMORALE,
E. ERUBESCENS, ONCIDIUM MICROPAGON, CATTLEYA SCHOFIELDIANA, C.
GRANULOSA, and many other valuable ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had,

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

Donations and Subscriptions
promised or sent.

SEVENTH LIST.

Schroder. Baron. The Dell. Egham ...
Rothflcliild. Baron Ferdinand, M.P. ...
Wilson, G. F., Heatherbank, Wey-

bridge Heath

Williams, B. S.. The Nurseries, Upper

Holloway, N

Williams, H., The Nurseries, Upper

HuUoway, N

Dickson, Brown & Tail, 43 and 4.5,

Corporation Street, Manchester ...
Abbey, G., Porter's Gardens, Shenley,

Barnet

Adams, H., The Gardens, Basing Park,

Alton. Hants

Allen, R., Ashwicken Rectory Gardens,

King's Lynn

Anning, J., Gardnr., Digswell, Welwyn
Barnes, F., The Gardens, Highclere

Castle, Newbury

Barr, P., 12, King Street, Covent Garden
Baukett. G., Gardener, Easting Park,

Godalming

Beddome, Colonel, Sispara, West Hill,

Putney

Bedford, .I.G., Gardener, Newton Park,

Burton-on-Trent

Blick, A., Royal Horticultural Society,

South Kensington

Blundell, James, The Nurseries, West

Dulwich.S.E

Brunton.H.,Gr.,ThirklebyPark,Thirsk
Burton. J. E., Rodboro' Manor Gardens.

Stroud

Bury. J., The Gardens, Abberley Hall.

Stourport

Campbell, D., Gardener, The Priory,

Koehampton, S.W

Carter, H.. The Gardens, Down Hill,

Coleraine

Cook, A., The Gardens. Sandringham...
Cook, G., The Home Farm, Quorndon,

Loughborough

Cornish, B.. Gr.,The Shrubbery. Enfield
Cowan. B., The Cemetery, South Shields
Dance. E. W., Gardener, Gostield Hall.

Halbtead, Essex

Davidson, J., Royal Exotic Nursery.

Chelsea

Davies, Mrs., Whitford Vicarage.

Holywell, North Wales

Davies, T., Gardener, Wepre Hall,

Flint, North Wales

Dean, A., Seed Grounds, Bedfont,

Middlesex

Dick, J. D., Royal Horticultural Society,

South Kensington

Dockerill, B., Gr., Elmhurst, Reading
Downie, J., Beechill Nurseries, Murray-
field, Edinburgh

Dunkin, H., The Gardens, Longford

Castle, Salisbury

Ellam, J., Gard., Clivedon, Maidenhead
Ellis, J., The Gardens, Bank Hall,

Burnley

Fell, W.. & Co,, Hexham. Newcastle ...
Field, T. B.. Gardener, Stanley Hall,

Bridgnorth

Fox, W., Gardener. Holker Hall.Clark-

in-Cartmell, Camforth

Gillett. A., The Gardens, Basing Park,

Alton, Hants

Goldring. W.. 52, Gloucester Road,

Kew. Surrey

Howard, G., The Gardens, Lyme Hall,

Stockport

Howe, C, Gr., Benham Park. Newbury
Jackson, J. W., Gardener, Fleet Rectory.

Holbeach

Jones. T., Ribston Gardens, Wetherby,

Yorkshire

" "" Forest

Lain?,

Hill, S.E

Laing, J. H., The Nurseries, Forest

Hill. S.E

Lawrence, G., The Gardens, Bettes-

hanger, Sandwich

Lee. .John. 78. Warwick Gardens, Ken-
sington, W

Lockwood, B., Gardener, Low Hills,

Lindley, Yorkshire

Love, J. H., The Gardens, Bank Hall.

Burnley

Lovel & Son, W., Driffield, Yorkshire...
Miller, W., Gardener, Combe Abbey,

Coventry

Moore, J., Gardener, Bray Court,

Maidenhead

Palmer, A., East Thorpe, Reading ...
Pearson, C. E., The Nurseries, Chil-

well, Notts

Pidgeon, A., The Gardens, Henwick

Grange, Worcester

5 .5 0
5 0 0

10 10 0
1 1 0

1 1 0
0 5 0

0 5 0
0 2 6

110
10 0

1 "i 0

2 0 0

0 10 0

1 0 0
10 0

0 5 0

1 10

0 6 0
0 10 0

0 10 0
U 6 0
0 5 0

0 10
0 10

10 0
0 5 0

0 2 6

0 5 0

0 10 0

0 10 0

0 5 0

1 1 0
0 2 6
0 2 6

I-urther Do'tations and .SiibscrtDtiovis will be thankfxilh/
received by

A. F. BARRON. Honorary Secretary,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS
CHISWICK, LONDON, W.

300

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[.September 10, 1887.

FLORISTS'
FLOWERS.

Strcng transplanted seedlings, from our magnificent
strains.— Post-free.

Per dozen — e

AURICULAS, Alpine, very choice i

PRIMULAS, choicest red... i , , „ . . ^ ( I

„l,ite J- beautitnlly fringed ^ ,

„ „ miied per 100. 10s. W. I

,, „ ,, extra strong i

,, Crimson King, magnificent colour, fineplants... c

,, Queen of Whites, superb variety ^

CINERARIAS, splendid strain ... per 100, lOJ. 6ii. 1

CALCEOLARIAS, herbaceous, beautiful strain ... S
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, very choice, from

stage flowers, mixed ... 1

PRIMROSES, splendid hybrids ... per 100. 10s. 6.;. 1

POLYANTHUS. Gold-lnced. tine per liXi, 7s. id. 1

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,
NORWICH.

15,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LEADING VARIETIES,

Fine plants, in 5^ and 6-inch pots. 12s., 155., and ISs. per dozen,

according to size.

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by

anv in the countrv. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on

application. pV ..^ ^^ „^^ .p^^j^ ^^ application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
THE VINEYARD and NURSEIUES, GARSTON,

NEAR LIVERPOOL.

4iGisoN^

APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS,

CHERRIES,
APRICOTS, PEACHES,

And other FRUIT TREES,

in full liearinij.

Now Is the time to select.

/ A' a p E CT J o ^- J X y J TE n.

LISTS Post-free.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

" SIR WATKIN "

IS THE BEST OF ALL THE NARCISSI.

Priced CIRCULAR (No. 334J of this and

all other Narcissi post-free.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS,

NEWTON NURSERIES, CHESTER.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

Improved Mushroom Spawn,

Per bushel of 14 cakes, ."Ss.

6rf. ; per cake, free by

Victoria and Paradise

Nurseries,
Upper Holloway, London, N.

VEITCH'S BULBS

FOR

Early Forcing.

READY FOR IMMEDIATE POTTING.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

MAGNIFICENT BULBS. OF FINEST QUALITY,
15s. per 100, 140.«. per 1000.

EARLY PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS,

8s. per 100, Is. 6d. per dozen.

NEW LARGE-FLOWERED PAPER-WHITE
NARCISSUS,

EARLIER, LARGER, AND FREERFLOWERINQ

THAN THE OLD VARIETY,

12?. 6rf. per 100, Is. Of?, per dozen.

EARLY DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,

8s. per 100, Is. Gd. per dozen.

For other Bulbs for Forcing, Pot Culture, or

Planting, see CATALOGUE, forwarded gratis

and post-free on application.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS,

ROYALEXOTICNURSERY,CHELSEA,S.W.
STRAWBERRIES.

strong BooU. 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16.v. per 100;
ditto in large pota. 2hs. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMn'H i.\D CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worci-sler.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP.

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP.

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP.

See our Wholesale CATALOGUE of Bulbs,

free on apjdication,

allthc best varieties of HYAC

ES, DAFFODILS. IRIS, SN(

Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

EXETER STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
IFR^FYFRUIT TREES.

\J %^ l\ w ^ ■ Carriage Paid. Coriions a specialite.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE COKNU
iNl> SON, High View Nurseries, who will send, carriage
paid for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES fOr 21S.
Early orders seciire extra strong plants.

ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STOCK.

ALL IN FINE CONDITION.

INSPECTION INVITED.

Catalognes free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD k NURSERIES,

OABSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

Daffodil Planting,

HARTLAND'S Original LITTLE BOOK for
1887. Post-free, \s. 6d. It is beautifully Illustrated by
Oertrude HarTLAND, containing numerous full-aized Draw-
ings, and, as a Tvork of art, unique. From the great demand
W. B. H. finds himself compelled to have it reproduced. Please
write for copy, and prior to your sending Daffodil orders; if not
plea.sed your money will be refunded. A Duplicate Copy, with
a General BULB LIST, can be had free of cost, and the Book
itself is presented gratis with orders above 40s.

WM. BAYLOR HABTLAND, Seedsman, 24, Patrick Street,
Cork, Ireland.

DUTCH AND OTHER

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualities, at moderate prices.

Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application.

Mr. /

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery i« of Ml. h magnitude that
without seeing it it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

FRUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,

BOU\'ARDIAS. CYCLAMENS. EKICAS. EPACRIS. PRIMU-
LAS, SOLAJJUMS. TREE CARNATIONS, and other

WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS,

Of tine quality and immense numbers.
ISSPECTION ISVITKD.

The Glass Structures cover an area of 274,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
BHODODENDBONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descripti%'e Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.
i"iUrBUSH'S MILL-

\J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion Pnce, Gs. per bushel (.Is. extra
per bushel for packaf^e), or 6d. per
cake , tree by parcel post, Ij.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursiguatureattached.

WM CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurseriea. N.

EARLY WHITE

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

OUR LARGE CONSIGNMENTS
of ROMAN HYACINTHS, TAPER WHITE NAR-
CISSI'S, Sec, are to hand in splendid condition, and
we have much pleasure in offering fine picked Bulbs
at moderate prices as below, carriage free: —
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, extra fine roots, 2s. per

dozen. If-s. per UK). 140.^. per lUOO.
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, ordinary sized roots,

15. 9d. per dozen, 12.^. per luO, 1105. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper White, splendid for forcing, l«.6d.

per dozen, 105. 6d. per 100. 90s. per 1000.
NAKCISSUS, Paper WMte, new. large flowered,
splendid variety, much superior to the old sort, 2s. 6d.
per dozen, 15s. per 100.
NARCISSUS, Double Roman, fine roots, is. ed. per
dozen, 10s. Gd. per 100. 90s. per 1000.
Our beautifully Illustrated CATALOGUE f64 pages
imperial size) of Hyacinths, Tulips. Narcissi. Lilies, Fruit
Trees. Roses, &c., is now ready, and shouUl be read by all
intending purchasers before making their selection.

DANIELS BROS.,

ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT,

NORWICH.

September 10, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

301

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

I have pleasure in annovmcing that the
NEW BULB CATALOGUE, in two parts, is
now ready, and is perhaps the most complete
Bulb Catalogue ever published — no Hardy or
Forcing Bulb claiming any real usefulness is
omitted ; the Catalogue is Illustrated with
several New Engravings. Copies may be had
upon application.

NARCISSUS and DAFFODILS,

for which the Tottenham House has a world-
wide reputation amongst both Trade and Retail
Buyers, occupy a considerable portion of this
Catalogue — including an almost innumerable
number of forms from the old popular garden
sorts to the most modern hybrids, as well as
many newly di-icovered varieties. It is necessary
that Orders for these should reach me early,
as the demand is very great.

LILIES.

It is scarcely necessary to remind readers
of this Journal that I have one of the finest
Collections in the country, and this portion of the
Catalogue will be found of special interest to all
who delight in any of the many and very varied
forms of this interesting family. This section is
embellished with many high-class Engravings,
now introduced for the first time ; and these,
although naturally much reduced, give a most
correct idea of the style both of growth and
flower, of the Lilies they illustrate.

DUTCH BULBS

have not been neglected in this New Catalogue,
and most complete collections of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, &c., occupy several pages.
All the varieties offered are tried sorts, and the
prices in many cases unusually low.

FORCING BULBS

will be found fully detailed at competitive prices,
including ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER
WHITE NARCISSUS, LILY' of the VALLEY',
SPIR.^AS, TUBEROSES, &c.

IRIS

in endless variety, ^'ery extensive collections of

English, Spanish, Siberian, German, Japanese,

and other forms : my collection of these is very
complete.

CALIFORNIAN, CAPE, AND

MEXICAN BULBS.

Very extensive Lists of these, including
CALOCHORTUS and CYCLOBOTHRA,
AMARYLLIS, MILLAS, NERINES, &o.

HELLEBORES.

A very grand Collection, in many showy use-
ful varieties. All fine home-grown stuff.

Catalogue may he had gratuitously and
post-free upon application.

Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LQNPON.

EARLY BULBS

AT DUTCH PRICES,

To Produce Beautiful White and Coloured

Flowers for Christmas and

Easter Decoration.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.

THE LAEGEST BULBS OF THE YEAR.
Price, per 100, 14s. ; per dozen, 23.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Prloe, par lOO, 10b. 60. ; per dozen, Is. 6d.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Price, per 100, lOs. 6d. ; per dozen, 18. 6d.

VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow.

Price, per 100, 43. 6d. ; per dozen, 9d.

LILIUM HARRISI, 'lli^rm^

Price, per dozen, lOs. 6d. ; each, Is.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.

Price, per 100, 158. ; per dozen, 2s. 6d.
Detailed CA TALOG UE Gratis and Post-free.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

CAAfk CRIMSON CLO^■E (True) for Dis-

0\j\j\J posal. Gootl strong L.-iyers. 12.^. per 100, fcrwarded
free for cxsh with order.— GOWERS and E.MBEKS0>', Comely
Bank Nursery. Wiilthamstow.

LAXTON'S "iSOBLE" ^XKAAVBERRY.—
The only Fruit which, received a First-class Certificate
from the Eoyal Horticultural Society in the year ending June,
1887, and the only Fruit Certificated at the Society's great
Liverpool Show, July. 1886. This wonderfully large, handsome,
and prolific early Strawberry, of first quality, made the highest
wholesale price in Coveot Garden Market during the past three
seasons. Mr. J. Muir, after trying and forcing it, says, *' In
my opinion the most extraordinary and valuable Strawberry in
cultivation." Particulars of this and " Laiton'3Jubilee,"a tine
new late variety ; see previous issue.=i of this Paper— also free
on application. Coloured plate of " Noble," 6rf., from

THOMAS LAXTON. Seed and Novelty Grower. Bedford.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation." Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 apecies and varieties,

including Descriptive "List of New, Rare, and

Choice Ferns," and " Habdt North Ameeicaj* Ferks,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

JARMAN'S BULBS,

FOR EARLY FORCING.

BOUAN HYACINTHS, White, fine selected

roots, 2s. per dozen, l.^s. per 100.

NABCISSTTS, Double Roman, Is. 6rf. per doz.,

lOs. per 100.
„ Paper White, Is. 6rf. per dozen, 10s. per 100.

TULIPS, Duo Van Thol, scarlet and yellow,

8(i. per dozen, 4s. per 100.

All Carriage Free. Catalogues Gratis and Foat-fTee,

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN
C;HAii.D, goiieR@£:xgHi»£,

As a Supplement

TO THE

Gardeners' Chronicle

FOB

Next Week, Sept. 17,

WILL BE

Published an Ink-Photograph

OF THE

Orchid Bouquet

Presented to the Queen of Saxony by
Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1887.

THE CHEMISTRY OF VEGE-
TATION.

T^HE following extracts, of great importance
-*- as regards the culture of plants, are taken
from Sir Henry Roscoe's recent Presidential
Address to the British Association at Man-
chester : —

'Ihe phenomena of vegetation, no less than
those of the animal world, have, during the
last fifty years, been placed by the chemist
on an entirely new basis. Although before the
publication of Liebig's celebrated report on
chemistry and its application to agriculture, pre-
sented to the British Association in 1840, much
had been done, many fundamental facts had been
established, .still Liebig's report marks an era in
the progress of this branch of our science.

As a proof of this I may remind you of the
attack which he made on, and the complete vic-
tory which he gained over, the humus theory.
Vegetable physiologists up to 1840 continued to
hold to the opinion that humus, or decayed vege-
table matter, was the only soui-ce of the carbon
of vegetation. Liebig came to the conclusion
that it was absolutely impossible that the carbon
deposited as vegetable tissue over a given area, as
for instance, over an area of forest land, could be
derived from humus, which is itself the result of
the decay of vegetable matter. He asserted that
the whole of the carbon of %-egetation is obtained
from the atmospheric carbonic acid, which,
though only present in the small relative propor-
tion of four parts in 10,000 of air, is contained in
such absolutely large quantity, that if all the
vegetation on the earth's surface were burnt, the
proportion of carbonic acid which would thus be
thrown into the air would not be sufficient to
double the present amount. That this con-
clusion of Liebig's is correct needed experimental
proof, but such proof could only be given by
long-continued and laborious experiment, and
this serves to show that chemical research is not
now confined to laboratory experiments lasting
perhaps a few minutes, but that it has invaded
the 4pn)am of agriculture as well as of physiologv,

302

tHE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 10, 1887.

and reckons the periods of her observations in the
field, not by minutes, but by years.

The Rothamsted Experiments.
It is to our English agricultural chemists,
Lawes and Gilbert, that we owe the complete
experimental proof required. And it is true
that this experiment was a long and tedious one,
for it has taken forty-four years to give the
definite reply. At Rothamsted a plot was set
apart for the growth of Wheat. For forty-four
successive years that field has grown Wheat
without addition of any carbonised manure, so
that the only possible source from which the
plant could obtain the carbon for its growth is
the atmospheric carbonic acid. Now, the quan-
tity of carbon which on an average was removed
in the form of Wheat and straw from a plot
manured only with mineral matter was 1000 lb.,
whilst on another plot, for which a nitrogenous
manure was employed, 1500 lb. more carbon was
annually removed, or 2500 lb. of carbon are
removed by this crop annually without the addi-
tion of any carbonaceous manure, so that Liebig's
prevision has received a complete experimental
verification.

The Absohption of Nitrogen.
Liebig's views on this point have not been sub-
■tantiated. He imagin*:;d that the whole of the
nitrogen required by the plant was derived from
atmospheric ammonia, whereas Lawes and Gilbert
have shown by experiments of a similar nature to
those just described, and extending over a nearly
equal length of time, that this source is wholly in-
sufficient to account for the nitrogen removed in the
crop, and have come to the conclusion that the
nitrogen must have been obtained either from a
store of nitrogenous material in the soil or by absorp-
tion of free nitrogen from the air. These two appa-
rently contradictory alternatives may perhaps be
reconciled by the recent obsen^ations of Warington
and Berthelot, which have thrown light upon the
changes which the so-called nitrogenous capital of
the soil undergoes, as well as upon its chemical
nature, for the latter has shown that under certain
conditions the soil has the power ot absorbing the
nitrogen of the air, forming compounds which can
subsequently be assimilated by the plant.

Chemistry

Pathology.

In no direction has greater progi*ess been made
than in the study of micro-organisms in relation to
health and disease. In the complicated chemical
changes to which we give the names of fermentation
and putrefaction, the views of Liebig, according to
which these phenomena are of a purely chemical
character, have given way under the searching
investigations of Pasteur, who established the funda-
mental principle that these processes are inseparably
connected with the life of certain low forms of
organisms. Thus was founded the science of bac-
teriologv, which, in Lister's hands, has yielded such
splendid results in the treatment of surgical cases ;
and in those of Kleb, Koch, William Roberts, and
others, has been the means of detecting the cause of
many diseases both in man and animals, the latest
and not the least important of which is the remark-
able series of successful researches by Pasteur into
the nature and mode of cure of that most dreadful of
maladies, hydrophobia. And here I may be allowed
to refer with satisfaction to the results of the labours
on this subject of a committee, the formation of
which I had the honour of moving for in the House
of Commons. These results confirm in every respect
Pasteur's assertions, and prove beyond a doubt that
the adoption of liis method has prevented the
occurrence of liydrophobia in a large proportion
o( persons bitten by ribid animals, who, if they had
not been subjected to this treatment, would have
died of that disease. The value of his discovery
is, however, greater than can be estimated by
its present utility, for it shows that it may be pos-

sible to avert other diseases besides hydrophobia by
the adoption of a somewhat similar method of in-
vestigation and of treatment. Here it might seem as
if we had outstepped the boundaries of chemistry,
and have to do with phenomena purely vital. But
recent research indicates that this is not the case,
and points to the conclusion that the microscopist
must again give way to the chemist, and that it is
by chemical rather than by biological investigation
that the causes of diseases will be discovered, and the
power of removing them obtained. For we learn
that the symptoms of infective diseases are no more
due to the microbes which constitute the infection
than alcoholic intoxication is produced by the yeast
cell, but that these symptoms are due to the presence
of definite chemical compounds, the result of the life
of these microscopic organisms. So it is to the action
of these poisonous substances formed during the life
of the organism, rather than to that of the organism
itself, that the special characteristics of the disease
are to be traced ; for it has been shown that the
disease can be communicated by such poisons in the
entire absence of living organisms.

Original Research.
If I have thus far dwelt on the progress made in
certain branches of pure science, it is not because I
undervalue the other methods by which the advance-
ment of science is accomplished — viz., that of the
application and of the diffusion of a knowledge of
Nature — but rather because the British Association
has always held, and wisely held, that original in-
vestigation lies at the root of all application, so that
to foster its growth and encourage its development
has for more than fifty years been our chief aim and
wish. I must remind you how much our modem
life, both in its artistic and useful aspects, owes to
chemistry, and, therefore, how essential a knowledge
of the principles of the science is to all who have the
industrial progress of the country at heart.

Valtje of Science.

It is ti-ue that the English people do not possess, as
yet, that appreciation of the value of science so cha-
racteristic of some other nations. LTp to very recent
years our educational system, handed down to us
from the Middle Ages, has systematically ignored
science, and we are only just beginning, thanks in a
great degree to the prevision of the late Prince
Consort, to give it a place, and that but an unim-
portant one, in our primary and secondary schools,
or in our Universities. The country is, however, now
awakening to the necessity of placing its house in
order in this respect, and is beginning to see that if
she is to maintain her commercial and industrial
supremacy the education of her people from top to
bottom must be carried out on new lines. The
question as to how this can be most safely and surely
accomplished is one of transcendant national import-
ance, and the statesman who solves this educational
problem will earn the gratitude of nations yet to come.

Alluding then to the presence of numerous foreign
guests, and to the proposal to form an International
Scientific Organisation, the President said in con-
clusion : —

But whether this hope be realised or not, we all
unite in that one great object, the search after trnth
for its own sake, and we all, therefore, may join in
re-echoing the words of Lessing : — " The worth of
man lies, not in the truth which he possesses, or
believes that he possesses, but in the honest endea-
vour which he puts forth to secure tliat truth ; for
not by the possession of truth but by the search after
it are the faculties of man enlarged, and in this alone
consists his ever-growing perfection. Possession
fosters content, indolence, and pride. If God should
hold in His right hand all truth, and in His left hand
the ever-active desire to seek truth, though with the
condition cf perpetual error, I would humbly ask for
the contents of the left hand, saying, * Father, give
me this ; pure truth is only for Thee.' "

VlTIS CAPENSIS. — The J^cviie Hurtkole of
August 16 publishes a coloured figure of the frnit of
Vitis capensis, which has lately produced berries in
Europe for the first time. The leaves are less deeply
lobed than is usual in Vines, and resemble in out-
line those of Menispermum canadense. The purple
berries are curiously depressed, and each is termi-
nated by the persistent style. It is suggested that it
might be utilised for purposes of hybridisation.

Notices of Books.

Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden.
Calcutta. Vol. I. The Species of Ficus of
the Indo-Malavan and Chinese Countries,
Part I. : Palseomorphe and Urostigma. By
George King, M.B., &c., Superintendent of the
Roval Botanic Garden, Calcutta. London : L.
Reeve & Co. 1887.

This is the first instalment of a complete illus-
trated monograph of the Asiatic species of Ficus; a
work to which Dr. King has devoted the greater
part of his spare time for some years past, and to the
completion of which botanists have been looking
forward with the greatest interest, partly in conse-
quence of the great want felt for a descriptive
synopsis of the species of this difficult genus, but
perhaps even more on account of the curiosity
excited by the results of recent investigations of the
sexual reproduction of Figs.

Apart from the many botanical and economical
questions involved, a history of the Figs of India is
peculiarly interesting, inasmuch as they constitute
one of the most pervading and conspicuous features
of the vegetation of the tropical and sub-tropical re-
gions; and some of the species are commonly planted
and regarded with great veneration by the natives,
while others are remarkable for the extraordinary
vegetative vigour they exhibit. Thus, a single in-
dividual of the famed Banyan tree is capable of
forming a miniature forest itself by means of the
numerous " root-drops " which descend from the
ever-extending branches. Even in this monograph,
the letterpress of which is necessarily almost re-
stricted to descriptive matter. Dr. King finds space
for other particulars concerning some of the species;
and, as a sample, we extract a portion of the notes given
under Ficus bengalensis : — " The great Banyan of
the Botanic Garden, Calcutta, now (1886) about a
hundred years old, has 232 of these aerial roots,
all reaching the ground, and forming trunks, from
a few inches to 12 feet in girth. The main or
parent trunk of this remarkable tree girths 42 feet,
and the circumference of its leafy crown is 857 feet.
It is still growing vigorously, and, from its habit of
sending down new roots every year, there is no
reason why it should not go on increasing inde-
finitely, even after the central trunk shall have
decayed. . . . Like many other species of Ficus,
the Banyan usually begins its life as an epiphyte on
another tree, which it speedily strangles. Seedling
Banyans are also often found in the crevices of
buildings, to which, unless uprooted, they prove very
destructive. The great Banyan in the Calcutta
garden began its life as an epiphyte on a wild Date
tree, of which all trace has long disappeared."

Dr. King also gives the dimensions of a much
larger Banyan tree, communicated by Mr. Lee
Warner, of the Bombay Civil Service : —

" It grows under the hill fort of Wys.\tgarh, about
3 miles west of the main road between Poona and
Kohlapur, and about 20 miles from Satara. It is the
rendezvous in Meadows Taylor's novel of Tara. The
circumference of the leafy head ot the tree in 1882 is
1587 feet ; its length from north to south is 595 feet,'
and from east to west 442 feet.''

Before making any further excerpts, it may be
better to give a sketch of the plan and scope of the
work, and the characters upon which the classification
of the species of Ficus is founded. The book is of
large quarto form, and the present part consists of
sixty pages of letterpress, treating of seventy-six
species, with ninety-one lithographic plates. Pre-
ceding the purely descriptive part is an " Introduc-
tion," in which the author deals with the biblio-
graphical history of the genus, its botanical
characteristics, method and means of sexual repro-
duction, and classification. '^^''e have already so
fully summarised the researches of Solms Laubach and
Fritz Mueller * on the fertilisation of Ficus carica and

* Sw Gardeners' Ckri
p. 265.

. pp. .=.29 and r,73;

Septembee 10, 1887.]

TEE GAEDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

303

Other species, that it will be sufficient to allude here
to Dr. King's share in this inquiry. He began study-
ing the species of Ficus in 1S78, and claims to have
ascertained the nature and function of the "gall-
flowers,"* independently of Count Solnis-Laiibach,
though the latter anticipated him in publishing the
results of his observations. Dr. King has found
gall-flowers in all the species he has examined, and
he has no " doubt that the insect developed in the
gall-flowers in some way conveys the pollen of the
males to the perfect females imprisoned in the neigh-
bouring receptacles," though the exact way in which
these females are pollenised is a matter on which he
" cannot pretend to throw any light." Dr. King
thinks it is almost impossible that insects can enter
the female receptacles through the very closely
packed bracts at the mouth. The only explanation
that suggests itself to our mind is the probability of
an alteration in the position of these bracts during
the receptive period of the female flowers. This
suggestion we off'er for what it is worth.

In addition to the gall-flowers, male flowers, and
perfect female flowers, described by Solras, King
finds in some species what he terms pseudo-herma-
phrodite, and in other neuter flowers destitute of any
trace of sexual organs. Contrary to our anticipa-
tions the functionally male and female receptacles
are usually of the same size and shape, and exter-
nally undistinguishable. Dr. King says ; — '* As a
matter of fact, dimorphism in the male and female
receptacles is the exception, and in hardly any other
case is it so strongly marked as in F. carica." From
Count Solms-Laubach's statements and our own
limited observations we had been led to believe that
they were usually distinctly differentiated.

The classification adopted by King is wholly based
on the various modifications offered by the sexual
organs. There are two primary divisions, numeri-
cally very unequal in species ; the first restricted to
a single section of ten species, and the other sub-
divided into six sections, mostly numerous in species.
The smaller group has pseudo-hermaphrodite flowers
and gall-flowers in one set of receptacles, and perfect
females in another set ; and our author regarding
hermaphroditism as the primitive condition of the
genus, "from which it is in process of delivery,"
hence he has given it the name of Palaiomorphe.
Ficus acuminata (Botanical Magazine, pi. 3282),
referred to F. parietalis by King, is one of this group,
formerly, if no longer, cultivated in this country.
Most of the cultivated or otherwise familiar Figs,
except Ficus carica, belong to the section Urostigma,
characterised by having the male, gall and fertile
female flowers in the same receptacle, and sixty-six
of the species here described belong to this section,
respecting which the author says : — " The coinci-
dence in Urostigma of such apparently unconnected
characters as the monoecious [androgynous] condi-
tion of the axillary paired receptacles and the epi-
phytal habit is very remarkable. In no other section
is this tendency to become epiphytal at all strongly
marked ; in Urostigma it is universal." Most if not
all of these epiphytal species eventually become in-
dependent, self-supporting trees, in the manner
described in the paragraph above relating to Ficus
bengalensis. Returning to the Palreomorphe, Ficus
subulata is a singular instance of very pronounced
dimorphism. So far as observed, this species is
truly dioecious, and the male and gall flowers are
borne in ovoid receptacles, on erect shrubs growing
in the ground, while the globular female receptacles
are only found on semi-scandent epiphytal plants,
not on erect shrubs growing in the ground.

In conclusion, it may be mentioned that with, the
exception of drawings of a few typical specimens in
this country, executed by Miss M. Smith, the typo-
graphical and pictorial parts of this work were ac-
complished in India. The plates are mostly faith-
ful copies of herbarium specimens, and therefore
of more service to botanists than artistic pro-
ductions wanting in important botanical details.
Four plates are devoted to the illustration of the

* Explain&iin tlie Gardeners' Chronicle, n.s. , xrv., p. 266.

floral structure of the various species of the section
Urostigma.

On looking over the often copious synonymy of
many of the species we observe that King has
reduced a large number of nominal species, especially
of those founded by Miquel on scanty herbarium
specimens. As he himself states, Blume and Rox-
burgh, who usually had the living plants before them,
made comparatively few bad species. With regard
to the Linnean names of some of the species. Dr.
King has avoided changes by retaining them for the
plants with which they have long been associated,
though not strictly correct ; and in this course he
will have the sympathy of most practical botanists. H.

British Desmids, a Supplement to British
Freshwater Alg>e, with sixty-six coloured
plates. By M. C. Cooke, M.A. (London :
Williams & Norgate.)
Since the appearance of Ralfs and Jenner's Bri-
tish Dcsmidic(B in 184S, no other illustrated work
on British Desmids has been published, and the book
in question is now so rare and so costly as to be out
of the reach of most people. Indeed there is very
seldom a copy in the market, therefore Dr. Cooke's
new work comes very opportunely, and fills a dis-
tinct gap in the literature of English botany. To the
large and rapidly increasing class of people who amuse
themselves with a microscope rather than attempt
original research, the present volume will be specially
welcome, as it contains coloured figures of all the
species known to occur in Britain, with few exceptions
uniformly enlarged to 400 diameters. No fewer than
370 species, or what pass for species, are depicted,
and although, as could not be expected except in a
work of very high price, the figures do not exhibit
the exquisitely fine drawing of Jenner, they are good
enough for purposes of identification, and compare
very favourably indeed with WoUe's recent Desmids
of the United States. The immense amount of minute
and elegant detail can only be seen under the micro-
scope itself.

Each genus and species is fully described, and the
dimensions of each species are given. This is fol-
lowed by copious references to the literature, the
synonymy, the habitats, and the geograpical distri-
bution, and the book consequently forms a guide to
all that has been published concerning this group of
microscopic organisms.

Trees and Shrubs.

VERONICA CUPRESSOIDES AND
V. SALICORNIOIDES.

Noticing the difference of opinion between your
two correspondents, " D." (p. 247) and " E." (p. 276),
as to the above-named species, I have looked the
matter up, with the following result. The two species
were described together by Sir J. D. Hooker in the
Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, and of course
the ultimate appeal as to which is which of the two
must depend upon the original specimens, both of
which are now before me. " D." affirms that the
plant so long known in gardens is V. cupressoides,
and in this he is right — so far as I know the plant —
and I have a specimen on a small rookwork in my
garden, which has stood unprotected through the
past three winters, though last winter part of it was
killed, but the remainder is growing away again as
freely as before. But this very plant I have long
known as V. cupressoides, and I believe I received
it as such, though I cannot be quite certain now as
to this point. It is a dense, excessively branched
bush, with me less than 6 inches high, and always
procumbent in habit. Wild specimens appear to
somewhat exceed this, and to one of them at Kew is
the following note :— " It forms a thick bush between
5 and 6 feet high where I first found it on the Upper
Wairaw, 4000 feet above the level of the sea. I have
also found it at Tarndale, 1500 feet higher, but not
more in growth than a foot. The flowers are violet-

coloured." V. salicornioides has much stouter
branches, leaves much more obtuse, a little larger,
and more densely arranged. It ha? also a
more upright habit. Colour of flower and height
are unfortunately not stated. " E." appears to
exactly transpose the descriptions of the two
species, but as to their difl'erence he is more
correct than " D.," and Hooker certainly places them
together in the same section ; indeed, I fail to see
how he could do otherwise. He says of this section,
" Leaves most densely imbricate, connate in pairs,"
and in it he places six species — the two above-
named, V. tetragona, V. lycopodioides, V. tetrastica,
and V. Hectori — a very interesting little group, which
it would be well to know more about in gardens. I
do not know (personally) V. salicornioides in culti-
vation, and should feel much obliged if " E." will
kindly send me a small cutting, for I should like to
have both species. In return I will send him word
if it be the true plant, though of this I have little
doubt, as he seems to hit off exactly the crucial
difference between the two. I think " D." must have
fallen into some mistake as to the sections he names.
In conclusion, I should like to say that I have not
yet succeeded in flowering V. cupressoides. B. A,
Rolfc, Herbarium, Kcw.

Ornamental Baeberries.

B. vulgaris. — This native species, where allowed
full scope in a shrubbery, is certainly anything but
an uninteresting plant. It must be allowed to grow
at will if its peculiar character is to be seen in any-
thing of a true light, so no situation is more suitable
for it than the edge or margin of a woodland. The
drooping racemes of interesting yellow flowers are,
however, not the chief attraction of this stately
shrub, for when laden with its orange-scarlet fruit
during the autumn and winter months it is well
worthy of the front rank amongst berry-bearing
plants. Nowhere have we seen this Barberry doing
better, or appearing to more advantage, than when
massed along the sides of woodland drives, but where
ample room for full extension was allowed. It likes
good soil and a rather shady situation, but must
not be encroached upon by other trees and shrubs.
There are a number of varieties of this species,
many of which are highly ornamental, and which
have been used with good effect in man.- an Eng-
lish shrubbery. The best are the purple-leaved
form macrocarpa, and the white, scarlet, and yellow
fruited.

B. cotKiiina is a charming little Himalayan species,
of dwarf habit, and remarkable for producing its
yellow flowers at the end of summer, usually during
the month of August. For planting in small gar-
dens, or on the rockwork, it is particularly valuable
and it may also^be used with good effect for the form
lines of a shrubbery. The foliage of this plant is
remarkably neat and pleasing, deep green above,
silvery underneath.

B. ilicifolia.— This is by no means a common
plant, but is well deserving of extensive culture, for
it is certainly highly ornamental. It is of neat
habit, with spiny branches, and produces large
orange-red flowers in short racemes. For planting
in a warm, sheltered corner it is specially adapted,
for then its true character as an ornamental shrub
is best set forth. A light loam or well decayed
vegetable matter suits its wants as to soil, but it
may be that it will grow freely enough in many
other classes.

B. aqiiifolia requires little praise from us, for who
is not acquainted with the bright foliage and dense
spikes of sweetly-scented flowers of this spring-
blooming shrub ? Although, perhaps, the commonest
species in cultivation, yet it is by no means the most
uninteresting for its glossy foliage, pretty flowers,
and above all, its lovely dark purple berries, can
never escape the notice of even the most unobservant.
Being perfectly hardy, it is well suited for a great
variety of uses — garden planting, rockwork decora-
tion, for planting as game covert, and for edging
purposes. Once planted, it soon forms dense, wide-
spreading masses, the roots running about quite

304

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 10, 1887.

freely amongst light sandy soil. Thisjplant isjbetter
known under the old appellation of Mahonia aquifolia.

The above may be considered as about the best
Barberries with which we are at present acquainted,
bat there are many others — few, however, of sufficient
beauty to be recommended for ornamental planting.

Nearly all the above described species may be used
as wall plants ; indeed, planted as such, some of the
less hardy kinds do better than when used as
standard specimens. B. Darwinii makes an excel-
lent wall cover. A similar remark applies to B.
Btenophylla X, B. Wallichiana, and B. empetrifolia.

Gr-nerally speaking, these shrubs like awarm, light,
anl rich soil, but several species do remarkably well
in neat, such as B. Danviuii and B. repens — the latter
a North American species of dwarf growth, but by
Rome botanists considered as but a form of B. aqui-
folia.

We would urge on every person who has a few
yards of spare ground in his garden to plant any or
all of the above named kinds, and feel confident that
he will be am])ly repaid for any cost or trouble
expended. A. I). W.

The Female Lombardt Poplar.
Populus pyramidalis was introduced into Poland,
towards the end of the seventeenth century, from Lom-
bardy, all the trees being exclusively male specimens,
as is the case in other parts of Europe. A female
specimen, about sixty years old, exists at Warsaw,
on the road from Schloss Belvedere to the city gate
of that name. Mr. Cybulski, head-gardener at the
Botanic Garden, first observed the catkins of this
tree in the second half of May of this year. The
catkins bore nearly ripe but not yet opened capsules,
more than 4 cm. long. The branches are somewhat
further apart than those of the adjacent male speci-
mens, which are of the same age as the female tree ;
hence the female tree appears broader than, and not
80 high as, the male tree (see Th. Hartig, Natun/n:-
chiMe dcr Forstlkhen KiMurpflanzen) . Botanischc
Zcitung, July 15.

LOBELIA SUBNUDA.

This plant, of which we give an illustration (fig.
69), is a small-flowered but rather pretty species,
well suited for glowing upon rockwork, &c. It is a
hardy annual, with the leaves all radical in a loose
rosette (the stem having only a few verv reduced
ones) ; they are stalked, cordate-ovate in outline,
with the margin pinnatifidly cut, dark green above,
purplish, with green veins beneath. The flowers are
about one-third of an inch in expanse, pale blue ;
they are borne on rather long pedicels, and arranged
in lax naked racemes. The plant is a native of
Mexico, where it was discovered by Hartweg many
years ago. An excellent coloured figure of it is
given in Link, Klotzsch and Otto, Imnes Plantanim,
vol. i., t. 2, as Lobelia discolor. Mr. Davidson, of
Wernoleu, to whom we are indebted for the drawing,
has a stock of the plant for disposal.

GARDEN PALMS.

(Continued from ji. 157.)

Oreodoxa, WUldenow. — Of the five or six species in-
cluded in this genus by Bentham and Hooker probably
three are in cultivation here. O. granatensis, recentlv
distributed by Mr. Bull, may 'prove to belong to some
other genus, but at present it is too small to be iden-
tified. The other two in cultivation are the well known
Cabbage Palm (O. oleracea), and the Eoyal Palm, or
Palma Real (0. regia). These two majestic Palms
are common in most of the West Indian Islands, and
are cultivated in many tropical gardens throughout
the world. They are easily grown, and where room
can be afforded for their full development, they form
gigantic trees " which, in elegance and majesty of
form, are equalled by few, and surpassed by scarcely
any of the old order of Palms " (Seemann).

O. okracea, Martius, is a native of the West Indies,
where it attains a height of 170 feet, its stem
straight, smooth, and even as a ship's mast, and ila
JftfRe, ecjuallj' pinnato leiives fprmipg an iinutenso

plumose head. The apices of the leaflets are deeply
cleft in large plants. Fruit egg-shaped, three-quarters
of an inch long, with a slight constriction on one
side near the point of attachment ; colour purplish-
blue when fresh. The thin fleshy rind encloses a
brown seed with whitish hard albumen. Seedling
leaves simple, ensiform. According to Seemann this
Palm is exceedingly useful to the inhabitants of the
islands where it is abundant, the leaf-stalks affording

half a mile long, and the trees, which are about forty
years old, are KM feet high. When small these
Palms are not exceptionally ornamental, and they
have an unfortunate habit of turning brown at the
tips of the leaflets. They are easily raised from
seeds, which should be sown in a stove, and the plants
must always be treated as stove plants with us.

Phmiicopkoriiim, Wendl. — This name is now sunk
under Steveusonia, It was given by Wendland to

FlO. 69. — LOBELIA SrBNUDA : LEAVES PCKPLISH-GREEN, FLOWERS PALE BLUE.

a kind of writing-pa])er ; the heart, or young unde-
veloped leaves being cut out and cooked as a
vegetable or Cabbage, or made into pickles ; the pith
makes a kind of sago, and the nuts yield oil.

0. rcgia, Kunth, is also West Indian. It has an
erect trunk, 1(X) feet high, with a swollen middle,
giving it the appearance of a gigantic float. In
other respects it seems very similar to 0. oleracea,
but the seeds are slightly shorter, and they have not
the constriction described in the seeds of that
species. There are several famous avenues of this
PaJD) in exieleace, one at JJotafogo, Braai), being

commemorate the mysterious disappearance from
Kew of two small plants, the only two then known
in Europe, and their reappearance shortly afterwards
in a German garden ; but how they got there no one
ever discovered. Phoenicophorium means Stolen
Palm.

Pholidocarpus, Blume. — In the Genera Plantanim
this genus is included amongst those doubtful and
imperfectly known. Beccari, however, has recently
jiublished in his Malesia, vol. iii.. No. 2 (18S6) figures
and descriptions of five species of Pholidocarpus, all
natives of the Mala/ Archipelago, At least one of

Sbpteubee 10, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

305

these, viz., P. Ihur, Bl., is represented in the Bniten-
zorg Botanical Gardens by fruiting examples, seeds
having been sent from thence to Kew in 1882, and
almost annual!}' since. The genus is related to
Corypha and Borassus. It is characterised by a stout
erect stem, bearing a large head of palmate leaves,
the blade split into about four divisions, which are
Again divided near the margin, as in Licuala, each
segment being rounded and bifid. The petiole is
armed with stout spines about an inch apart along
the edges, and the base is clasping, with the edges
split up into brown fibres. The frnit is spherical,
about 3 inches in diameter, the pericarp or husk
three-quarters of an inch thick, horny inside, the
ontside covered with numerous short brush-like
fibres, and these in fresh fruits again covered with a
soft brown granular gingerbread-like shell. The
seeds germinate freely, producing one strong, plicate,
simple leaf, over 1 foot long by 4 inches wide. Under
cultivation here this Palm is a very slow grower-
slow as the Talipot— a plant at Kew nearly five years
old being as yet only 1 foot high, with four palmate
Corypha-like leaves. E.xcept in very large houses,
where it can be grown into a big tree, this Falm is
not likely to prove of any value for garden purposes.

Phttelephas, Huh and Favou.
There are three known species of Phytelephas, and
two of them are in cultivation at Kew, and also at
Hanover, viz., P. microcarpa, R. and P., a native of
Peru, and of comparatively little importance ; and P.
macrocarpa, R. and P., of New Grenada, famous as the
source of vegetable ivory. It has a decumbent trunk,
20 feet long, the upper portion for about 6 feet being
more or less erect. Leaves pinnate, about 20 feet
long, erect, except near the tip which curves over;
pinna; 3 feet long, 2 inches broad with long acumi-
nated tips, deep shining green ; they are arranged
from the base to the apex of the rachis close together
in two regular series, and at right angles with the
rachis or midrib ; there are about 160 in each leaf.
The male and female flowers are on dilferent plants,
the latter arranged in a dense upright spike like an
immense Bulrush ; the females are clustered to-
gether on a short thick peduncle, about seven flowers
on each. Both male and female flowers emit, on first
opening, a most powerful and delicious odour.
Purdie, who first sent home fresh seeds and
specimens of this Palm, states that he should not
have succeeded in finding it had not his attention
been attracted by clouds of insects hovering in the
neighbourhood of the Palms in the forests where
they grew. There is a fine example of this Palm in
the Kew collection which produces flowers (female)
annually, and these are most powerfully fragrant on
the first day after the bursting of the sheathing
spathes. This specimen is the same one that was
figured in the Botanical Magazine in 1856, the year
after it flowered at Kew for the first time. A male
plant flowered at SchiJnbrunn in 1852. Few of the
Kew Palms equal the Phytelephas in stateliness of
foliage, and it appears to be peculiarly happy under
cultivation in a stove. Small plants are also very
ornamental. The seeds germinate readily if sown in
a strong heat, and plants 3 feet high, with handsome
pinnate leaves, are not more than four years old.
The gernrinatiou of these seeds is an interesting
example of the rapid changes brought about
by growth. The seed when thoroughly ripe is
almost solid, and hard as ivory. It is irre-
gularly ovoid, about 2i inches long, the shell
thin and brown, the albumen white. At first
the whole of this white ivory is simply milk, but
as the seed ripens this hardens, till finally it becomes
solid and hard as the ivory of the elephant itself.
Bury this in moist soil, and keep in a temperature
of about 80°, and in about two months it will
develope a stout bud from its base. This grows to
a length of about 4 inches, and from its thickened
tip are then pushed out roots on one side, the other
splitting to allow the first leaves to ascend. The
roots, however, seem to assist little at first in sup-
plyingthe young leaf, which is pinnate, with nourish-
ment, this coming from the seed tlirough the canal-

like connection between it and the new plant, and
if the seed be now removed and broken it will be
found to contain a soft substance, partly milk, partly
pulp. Finally, this is all absorbed in the formation
of new growth, and the thin shell only remains of
what was as hard as marble only a month or two
previously. That the contents of the seed are all
used up by the young plant is shown when the seed
is removed before it is exhausted, the result being
that the plant dies. The nuts of this Palm are
imported from New Grenada both to Europe and North
America, where they are largely used as a .substitute
for true ivory in the manufacture of all articles for
which the nuts are large enough — i.e., buttons, knobs,
ornaments, reels, toys, &c. W. W.
(To be continued.)

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

SPATHOGLOTTIS AUGUSTORUM.

This recent discovery of MM. Linden and dp
Ronne, promises to be one of great value. Hitherto
the genus, although containing one or two species of
considerable beauty, hns not been deemed by most
Orchidists as worthy of being represented in their
collections. If, however, this species proves to be
amenable to cultivation — and judging from itsappear-
ance after a season "s growth such seems likely to be
the case — it may be the means of bringing its con-
geners into notice.

The somewhat meagre appearance of the foliage
of most Spathoglottis, which undoubtedly operates
to their disfavour, is fortunately not characteristic
of this species, the leaves of which are 3 feet long by
3 inches wide, plicate and of a deep green colour,
resembling those of Phaius grandifolius. The
flowers are densely arranged at the apex of a stout
peduncle nearly 3 feet long and proceed from the
axils of stout, boat-shaped bracts ; they measure li
inches in diameter, and have sepals and petals of a
pale lilac colour ; the lip is three-lobed, the side-
lobes dull red, the central one of a deeper lilac than
the sepals, and the crest yellow and spotted. In
general appearance the flowers are very similar to
those of a good Phalaenopsis Lowii.

During the growing season the plant requires a
stove temperature, plenty of atmospheric moisture,
and abundance of water at the root, but the presence
of large pseudobulbs suggest the necessity of a con-
siderable resting period. The soil should consist of
about equal parts of fibry loam and peat, with a
sufficient addition of broken brick to insure perfect
drainage. A plant that has been grown along with
Phalasnopsis is now finely in flower at Kew.

S. Fortunei, a deciduous species from Hong Kong
is also displaying its spikes of bright yellow flowers ;
it succeeds best in the cool house, and requires to be
kept quite dry during the winter months.

S. ixiodes, a scarce plant from the Himalayas,
flowered at Kew in June ; it is a little gem, with yel-
low flowers borne singly on slender scapes G inches
long, and is suitable for growing in a pan and
hanging from a roof; it thrives in sandy loam, and
also requires to be kept at perfect i*est during the
winter. W. B.

Galeandra Descagnolleana.
This name, terrible to pronounce, is applied to a
new Galeandra, described by Professor Reichenbach,
and figured in the current number of the Illustration
Horticole. The flowers are like those of G.Baueri, with
oblong-acute olive-coloured segments, and a large con-
volute white lip, with a violet colour blotch in front.
The plant was discovered by M. Rand, of Para, and is
dedicated to Baron d'Kscagnolle, of Rio Janeiro.

Cattleya crispa.
There is in flower here at the present time a plant
of C. crispa with three growths, carrying in the
aggregate nineteen flower^, one with seven and two
with six each. Is the former an unusual number for
this variety ? 8. Grose, Trcvhwc Gardens, Cornivall.

BROOM HOUSE, FULHAM.

There are few residences left so near London as
this which can show such a number of magnificent
examples of fine timber and rare trees. The land —
alluvial deposit in bygone ages — is precisely that
which is the best medium for perfect development
for many of the.^e. Miss Sullivan, an enthusiastic
gardener, and a lady of great taste in all matters
relating to the garden, takes much personal interest
in her garden, and is mainly responsible for the
pleasing features of the place. Hardy plants, alpines,
aquatics. Ferns, and bog-plants form the rarer sub-
jects met with. The beds and gi-oups are so managed
that much can be observed from the mansion ; they
radiate in an irregular manner from the latter.

Adjacent to the house is a conservatory that was
gay at the time of our visit with Lapageria, red and
white ; old kinds of Fuchsias, many of great age —
notably one of F. gracilis, that must date almost
from the time of the introduction of the species.
Some fine examples of Camellias are planted out
in the bed, and single-flowered specimens deco-
rate the wall at the back of this house. Mr.
Wilson, the gardener, is a successful cultivator of
the Lily family, and had a number of L. auratum
in flower. In front of this house is a small par-
terre for flowers, the beds being fashioned in Box,
with gravel walks.

Another similar flower garden occupies the front
of a low terrace, which runs along the south side of
the mansion. The beds were gay with Petunias, seed-
lings. Verbenas ; amongst which were Blue Boy, Pink
Perfection ; Ageratum Swanley Gem, CEnothera
macrocarpa, twenty years in this bed ; Calceolaria
amplexicaulis. Petunia Shrubland Gem, a lively rose-
coloured variety ; Phlo.x Drummondi, Pelargonium
Henri JaCoby.and many others ; Salpiglossis seedlings
formed a lively patch of unusual colour at the corner
of one of the mixed beds near this parterre. The.si'
plants, so brilliant in their eiiects, are too seldom
met with in gardens.

Phloxes and Delphiniums are largely grown, and
form ia favourable seasons an important feature in
the decorative effects. This year the hot weather
quite spoiled their flowering. South-east from the
mansion is a broad glade bordered with beds of ever-
green shrubs, mostly Rhododendrons, and beyond
these are a bog-bed and a pool of water for aquatics,
fitted with a perforated pipe that supplies a small jet,
and this serves the purpose of keeping the water
sweet by aeration. On the edge grow Gunnera
scabra. Iris Kaimpferi, Stephandra flexuosa, a half-
shrubby herbaceous plant with reddish shoots and
Maple-like foliage ; Kodgeria podophylla, several
species of Rush, and the bold-leaved Californian
Saxifraga, the tall flower-spikes of which, now
withered up, showing what a showy subject this
plant is. We noticed Vitex Agnus-Castus in the bog-
bed doing well. It is not usually classed as a marsh
plant, and is a subject that combines much elegance
in habit with a strong perfume.

In the herbaceous beds were massive plants of
Uelenium Rudbeckia, Lathyrus latifolius, Papa-
ver. Lilies, Helianthemum. These plants were
planted at sufliciently wide distances apart to allow
of full development, the intervening spaces being
filled with bulbous plants to flower at different
seasons. Space does not allow of many of the
flowering subjects being mentioned here, but it may
be said that a very great number of plants of different
and suitable species for garden purposes liave been
located here for many years, it being a perfect store-
house for the fine things that were set aside by the
modern style of fiower gardening.

The exotic and native Ferns arc this year, in spite
of heat and drought, pictures of welcome verdun-
being duly watered, and otherwise cared for. These
are found in several parts of the garden on low
groups of rocks. The trees are the glory of the
garden, and are examples that would be ornamental
in the finest placr-s of the country. Few trees here
show the inimic.ll effects of London smoke, thanks
probably to the current of fresh air brought by the

306

THE GAIiDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[September 10, 1887.

river Thames, which is here nearly 400 yards wide.
On the west side of the house are Llquidambar styra-
ciflua, 50 feet high ; a very symmetrical Copper
Beech, 60 feet high by 50 teet in diameter in the
crown ; several Horse Chestnuts of grand propor-
tions, Tulip trees. Limes, and Ailantus, of great
size, and generally of handsome form. These trees
are all of considerable age, but vigorous and un-
harmed. The old trees, which have succumbed
partly to age, but more to the local influences, are
the fine Cedars of Lebanon, Taxodium distichum, the
deciduous Cypress, which had acquired large pro-
portions ; Scotch Fir, some of which were very large
trees. The common Oak and evergreen Oak flourish
here — two enormous specimens of the latter, excelling
in size the former, are found on the east side of the
house.

Near the river, which is embanked, much to the
detriment of the trees near it, which uesd to be
flooded at intervals, stands one of the very largest
examples of common Elm found near London, the
butt measuring, at 3 feet from the ground, 6 feet in
diameter. So detrimental to the well-being of the
trees has been the cutting-off of the water supply by
floods, that it has been found necessary to make
a. sluiced drain through the embankment, so that at
high tides the water may be let in and allowed to
reach the roots.

There are the usual appurtenances of kitchen
garden, forcing-houses for Vines, Peaches, Figs, &c.
Figs are a special culture, and a great number are
obtained by simple means. Several trees planted
many years since on either side of a high wall
running north and south, and whose fruiting was
very uncertain, were covered with a roof and sides
of glass, the apex of the roof rising high above the
top of the wall, so that although there are two
divisions it is but one house. The slope of the roof
on the east side is made much longer than the
opposite side, affording space for a number of ex-
amples of Azalea indica and other greenhouse
subjects of a hardy nature.

On a wall near this Fig-house are several large Fig
trees, the Black Ischia, a fine variety, and Brown
Turkey being represented. These trees seldom bear
well, by reason of their being exposed to the dele-
terious east wind, and want of protection in the
winter months. The fruit walls are being gradually
covered with young trees, many of which are this
season carrying good crops.

FLORISTS' Flowers.

NEW FANCY CARNATIONS.

At the recent exhibition of the Matlock Bath
Horticultural Society, a representative stand of Car-
nations and Picotees, including some fine and pro-
mising seedlings, was exhibited by Mr. R. W. Proctor,
nurseryman, Chesterfield, that were highly com-
mended by the judges. Mr. Proctor has put forward
blooms of two seedlings of great promise, viz., Bril-
liant, a pale bright scarlet self, slightly suffused with
orange, novel, distinct, and full of promise : the
petals stout and finely formed, and forming a sym-
metrical flower ; and Miss Proctor, pale buff, or sal-
mon-yellow, with heavy stripes of bright red ; also
a finely formed flower of excellent quality. Both
these have the additional advantage of having a good
pod — tliat is, the caly.x does not burst. This is an
important point that should not be overlooked, for if
the pod bursts no symmetrical flowers are possible.
In the old days of Carnation, Picotee, and Pink
showing a split pod was a disqualification : in these
days the florist is not so exacting, but a pod that
does not burst should be considered as indispensable
in all Carnations and Picotees in a cut state that are
used for decorative purposes. li. D.

China Asters.
Messrs. E. Forgeot & Co., of Paris, send us flowers
of a new China Aster raised by them. The stems
are very stout and rigid, 10 — 20 inches in height, and
bearing at the summit well formed flower-heads,
4 inches across. The form is symmetrical, and the
heads well filled up. Thev.ariety is named "Tige de
Fer monstrueuse " (Iron-stalk), and is represented by
flowers of two colours — pure white, and pale rosy-
lilac.

The Herbaceous Border.

ERYNGIUMS.
These Thistle-like Umbellifers have, as a rule,
been fine everywhere this year, and although in
cases the severe drought has interfered with them a
little, some experience will have been gained, as a
guide in the future, with regard to the proper treat-
ment these plants require to bring out their brilliant
blues. With us in the neighbourhood of London a
south-west border has been found the most suitable
in average seasons — during the summer, ^t any rate.
We tried several behind a north wall, and, although
strong clumps, the flower-steras were weak, and the
flowers badly coloui-ed. Our great difticulty, how-
ever, even in the sunny border, is damp during
winter. Of course plants like E. giganteum, E.
planum, E. Olivieranum, are not affected much, but
those of the Lasseauxii type, including pandani-
folium, serra, eburneum, &c., succumb all too
readily in wet seasons. A bell-glass, or a hand-
light, raised on stones, is the only satisfactory safe-
guard, and even this, in cases where the long leaves
do not die down, is very unsatisfactory. The species
mentioned, when raised high on the rockery in well-
drained spots, stand well, and only two have been
at all damaged within the last three years. E. ame-
thystinum for rockeries seems to be the most con-
venient and beautiful of all the species. Rarely
more than a foot or so high, it forms large masses of
the most brilliant amethyst heads, lasting in beauty
from a month to six weeks. The name is often
used for E. Olivieranum, a much taller plant, with
larger and less brilliantly coloured heads. E. ame-
thystinum ripens seed freely, and this is a ready
means of increasing a stock, the seedling being ready
to plant out the second year if well cared for. E.
alpinum is another grand species, but apparently
rather difficult to get true to name, as we have had
it twice under the name, and both turned out E.
planum — a good species, but not comparable with E.
alpinum. Others are E. Bourgati, E. cceruleum, E.
aquaticum, E. glaciale, E. maritimum, &c. B.

Aejjebia coenuta.
In this we note another of the new and beautiful
plants that come so freely from Mr. Max Leichtlin's
wonderful garden. It is an annual, but quite the
finest of the hitherto cultivated species in ornamental
qualities, and it is certainly a welcome addition to
the frequently charming class of annuals which, as a
rule, are so easily raised from seed. While for years
there existed in gardens but one or two plants of the
perennial A. echioides (for which also we are indebted
to Mr.'Max Leichtlin as theskilful propagator) we may
expect to find this almost at once in tlie best collec-
tions. Those who prize the above species may wish
to know how this stands in comparison, and we may
therefore say that the flowers are somewhat similar
in appearance, equally curious and beautiful, but
much more profuse, and, we think, rather larger.
The characteristic blotches are large and well
defined, of deep maroon colour, and with so perfect a
vanishing quality that the yellow of the older flowers
is perfectly clear and pure. In height the plant
grows about 15 or 18 inches ; the leaves are linear
oblong, and clothed with stitfish hairs ; the corolla
is salver-shaped, with a slender tube, an inch long, and
limb of nearly the same width. This species is
native of Siberia, Georgia, the shores of the Caspian
Sea. and the River Euphrates. We understand that
the stock of seed will be in the hands cf Mr. Ernst
Benary, of Erfurt.

TlUCHYMENE CCERDLEA,

also known in gardens under the older name of
Didiscus, is one of the most beautiful border annuals
we have seen this season. With the exception of
the Eryngiums, no other umbelliferous plant known
to us has blue flowers like the Trachymene, and few
of tills order give greater pleasure to the cultivator.
It can be sown out-of-doors with the other annuals
in spring, say about the end of March or beginning

of April, and tlie chief requirement will be thinning
out to about 9 inches or a foot apart, it forms a nice
bushy plant, and will soon fill the sjiace left. It
grows about \}r or 2 feet high, branched upwards.
The leaves are palmate pinnatifid, with very narrow
segments, and these again pinnatifid. Flowers in
umbels, as in the other genera, large, fine soft blue,
and very attractive. It was first raised in the Liver-
pool Botanic Garden, from seeds sent from Australia
by Mr. Fraser, and was first collected by Drummond
on the Swan River. It has been in fine flower for
the last month, and is still in beauty. Other names
are Huegelia carulea, Didiscus cyaneus, and cceru-
leus. D.

AGAVE HENRIQUE SII.

We owe to the courtesy of our correspondent.
Professor Henriques, of Coimbra, the accompanying
illustration (fig. 70, p. 307) of the Agave which bears
his name. The plant is growing in the Botanic Gar-
den, Coimbra, and has a height of 14 — 15 feet. Its
general appearance is sufficiently shown in the illus-
tration. The leaves are about 2 feet in length,
fleshy, about half an inch in thickness, lanceolate
from a broad base, spine-pointed, and with scattered
short spines at the edges. The flowers are numer-
ous, brownish, arranged in a densely packed stalked
spike. For full details we refer to Mr. Baker's de-
scription in our columns, June 4, 1887.

LETTUCES.

A SHORT time since I had an opportunity of look-
ing through a large trial of Lettuces. All the good
old sorts were there, and not a few reputed new
varieties, and I was interested in seeing how the new
ones, so called, compared with the standard types
that have been in cultivation for years past. One
important fact was at once evident : that very many
of the new vegetables that are sent out at fancy
prices are simply fine selections from old forms. But
this truth has been preached for years past, and yet
the]^stream of novelties sets in as strong as ever.
But now to the notes of comparison made on this
occasion.

Cooling's Leviathan Cos is simply a very good
stock of the broad-leaved Bath Cos, black seed, as
distinct from the narrow-leaved Sugar-loaf Bath
Cos. But it has been well selected by Mr. Cooling,
and it makes a good early exhibition variety.
Webb's Exhibition Cos is a black-seeded Paris White
Cos, growing as it does to a large size, and therefore
a good show variety. Balloon Cos, from Vilmorin
& Co., is a pale, bright green leaved Cos Lettuce in
the way of Dickson's Champion Cos, but a more
compact grower, and self-folding. The Old Egyp-
tian Gem Cos is a capital winter variety, though it
is now but little grown. The Fulham Hardy White
Cos has quite taken its place, and this is rather
broader in the leaf, as well as more blistered, than
the Paris White Cos. Jeft'eries' Little Queen Cos is
a distinct Cos Lettuce, dark green in the leaves,
stands the winter well, is very dwarf and compact, and
requires no tying in the spring; a very useful variety
for gardeners. Dimmick's Victoria Cos, though of
the type of the Paris White, instead of folding
over towards the centre, curls round, and this is dis-
tinctive of the type ; it is a fine Lettuce, that comes
to a large size without failing to be handsome when
well grown. Ivery's or Dickson's Champion Cos is
a large Lettuce, somewhat coarse in appearance, but
greatly esteemed for exhibition in places where size
is more particularly regarded. This does not ex-
haust the list of Cos Lettuces, but it deals more
particularly with those that can claim to be recent
novelties.

Of Cabbage Lettuces, of which there are now a
very large number, Tom Thumb may be set down as
the earliest of all this class of varieties. It is a
compact grower, and doubtless a selection from the
Tennis-ball. It is a summer Lettuce, and should be
sown early in the spring. Brown Dutch Cabbage
Lettuce, white seed, is a good old variety, somewhat

SBFrEMBEK 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

307

neglected in tliese days ; a very fine and compact
summer Lettuce, much tinted with dark reddish-
brown ; but there appears to be a prejudice against
dark-tinted Lettuces, however good they may bt*.
There ai'e also black-seeded and yellow-seeded
forms of this ; the latter is one of a very few Lettuces
indeed with seed of this colour, and it would be
interesting to know what principle regulates the
colour of seeds in the case of Lettuces. All the
Year Round is one of the very best of summer Cab-
bage Lettuces — a good useful variety, that does not
readily run to seed. Blonde de Berlin is a black-

distinct in colour as well as type. American Gather-
ing is a curious crisped-leaved variety, much tinted
with brown ; a quick-growing Lettuce, reaching a
large size in a short time. Scott's Favourite, and
the Bossin Cabbage Lettuce, appear to be the same ;
a good summer variety, large, but looks leathery in
the leaf. The old Drumhead, or Malta, is still a
good summer variety. An excellent winter Lettuce
is found in Lees Immense Cabbage Lettuce; it is
quite distict from the Hardy Green, or Hammer-
smith, and in all respects a much better winter
variety. But the market gardeners appear to prefer

iiilh' I II I I I I II ,111

Fig. 70. — agave henbkjdesii. (see p. ^06.)

•seeded form of this. Marvel, or lied Bossin, is a

Cabbage Lettuce of the Dutch type, having very

deeply coloured foliage. Veitch's Golden Queen is

a very early and distinct Lettuce ; it is said to be

also known as Eley's Tom Thumb. It is in the

style of All the Year Kound, but paler green in the

leaf and smoother; but it is a very good and useful

garden I^ettuce. Victoria, or Summer Cabbage

\ Lettuce, is both a large and good summer variety.

\ The Victoria Red Edge is, on the other hand, a

Winter Lettuce, and differs but little, if any, from

Vrand Admiral. Veitch's Perfect Green Cabbage

\ttuce, and Benary's Green Unctuous, appear to be

ali^e ; they are fine green Cabbage Lettuces for

*iimtt»er use, and represent a very distinct type^

the Fulham Hardy White Cos for late summer
sowing, i?. D.

A Curiosity in Pear Trees.— Among tht-
pyramidal Pear trees at Chiswick there is one of
(Charles Van Mons, that a few years ago was cut
back, and each branch grafted with Thomp3on".s
Pear. Some time since the trunk threw out a
shoot near the top, and this shoot has for three or
four years past borne a singular cluster of fruit of
Charles Van Mons. So thick are the Pears set upon
the small branch that as many as seventy or so can
be counted upon a small space. The tree presents a
singular appearance with this cluster of Charles Van
Mons standing out so distinctly on the path side of
the tree.

KEW NOTES.

Campancla isophylla and alba. — This Harebell,
as shown in the gi-eenhouee at Kew, is certainly oni-
of the iinest basket plants we have ever seen tried
in a cool house. The blue and white varieties an'
mixed, and grown in large wire baskets suspended
from the roof, and just at present very little of the
basket can be seen for the profusion of the saucer-
shaped flowers. Where it can hang or trail over
stones on exposed places in the rockery it makes a
pretty covering, flowering freely in such a season as
the present. In severe or damp winters, however, it
generally gets killed, but it is so readily replaced by
cuttings tliat this need not cause any inconvenience.
Cuttings struck in the autumn make nice flowering
plants for the following summer and autumn, and if
jilanted 0 inches apart, soon meet. C. primultefolia
is also a desideratum for out-of-doors. It is only a
biennial, but sows itself without intruding in such
iiuantities as to become troublesome. It rarely
exceeds "J feet in height : flowers resembling C.
pyramidalis, but with dark marking towards the
base of the bell. D.

FOCUSIA TRIPHYLLA.

This Fuchsia is quite different in habit, iu foliage,
and in flowers from the everyday kinds, and it is
moreover at least as pretty as a great number of
them. Some examples of it now flowering in the
Teraperate-house at Kew, where this species was
first brought into notice, show what a distinct and
really first-rate greenhouse plant it is. The height
of the largest plant is about 2 feet, branches ascend-
ing, with nodding tips, from whence the flowers hang
in short racemes. The tube is \k inch long, and the
sepals are spreading, as in other Fuchsias ; but the
petals are so short as to be hardly seen — colour a
glowing cinnabar-red. The flowers last a con-
siderable time, and they are freely produced on well-
grown plants. The leaves are arranged in whorls
of three, lience the name ; they are green above,
purplish below. The species is a native of the
West Indies. I have been told that this plant
was the type for the genus, and that it had been
entirely lost to botanists till its reappearance a year
or two ago. W.

Agaves.

There are several species of Agave now in flower
at Kew, the most striking being A. lophantha. It
has spear-shaped leaves about 3 feet long, and is
;ibout 3 feet in height. The flower-spike ascends to
a height of 15 feet, and is perfectly straight. Some
idea of the strength of the scape may be gathered
from the fact that during the whole of the recent
stormy weather this spike has been wholly unsup-
ported, although the plant is standing in the open.
The upper two-thirds is thickly clothed with hundreds
of flowers and buds, all of them arranged along the
main stalk, which is unbranched ; they are greenish-
white, and not ornamental. This species perishes
on flowering, .so that any one interested in the
Century plant may see in this one which flowers
only once in a thousand — a million if they like —
vears. A. dealbata is also developing a spike, but
this species is most striking in the beauty of its
silvery foliage. The Kew collection of Agaves is
exceptionally rich now in number of species, and
many of them are represented by gigantic specimens.
Perhaps the plant which gardeners would covet most
is A. striata var. ensiformis, a specimen of which is
both large and graceful, though perhaps many who
read this will smile at the idea of gi-acefulness in an
Agave. W.

ILtjsianthos coccineus,

the Blood-flower of South Africa, is now in very flue
flowering condition at Kew. Although old and easy
to grow, this plant has not become as well known as
its good qualities would lead one to expect. The
majority of the llaimanthi are somewhat difficult to
manage successfully, but this one grows and increases
rapidly if planted in a rich loamy well-drained soil,
and kept in a gi-eenhouse in full sunshine whilst

308

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 10, 1887.

making its growth ; it should afterwards be placed
outside to ripen and push up its large heads of bright
scarlet flowers. The growing season is from Decem-
ber to May, resting season from May to August,
when the flowers appear and last for several weeks.
After they fade the plants should be encouraged to
rest till the end of the year. At Kew there are two
very large clumps of this species planted in immense
pans. They are re-panned every two years. The
species is characterised by a large compressed bulb,
from which two long broad tongue-shaped green
leaves are annually developed. The flowers are
borne on erect scapes and are enclosed between
large bracts, a great many tubular flowers being pro-
duced in each head. The bracts and scape, as well
as the flower.s, are of the brightest scarlet. W.

KNIPHOFIA MACOWANI.

Amongst the dwarf section of this charming genus
■of autumn flowering plants this should certainly find a
first place. It is in full flower now, and notwitli-
standing the severe drought, which dwarfed
many of the more robust sorts, K. Macowani has
perhaps suflered least of all. Witli us it grows
usually .about 2 feet high, sending up numerous
.flowerheads, which are remarkable in having the
segment tips refloxed instead of st.anding straight
out, as in the .aloidcs section, and in this way it is
nearly allied to corallina and Leichtlmii. The differ-
ence between Macowani and corallina we have
always considered slight, the former having glaucous
and the latter green leaves ; but this year Mac-
owani is in full flower, while the other has not yet
begun to throw up, and is at least a month behind.
If this is con.stant it will be an important character,
not only in separating the two, but in making tliem
useful for snccessional planting. We find them very
useful for the rockery, where their neat habit does
not engross the space allotted to other plants. K.
Leichtlii is also a handsome plant, requiring deep
rich soil to grow it well. D.

Colonial Notes,

NEW ZEALAND.

The geographical position of Auckland is latitude
36° 5' south, and longitude 174° 60' east. Situated
as it is on two magnificent harbours the summer-heat
is tempered with pleasant sea breezes, while the
winters are very mild; and, being subject to no
extremes of heat or cold, the climate is, by almost
universal testimony, considered to be one of the best
in the world.

Meteorological observations, extending over a
period of fifteen years, give the following average
results ;— Mean barometer, 29-939 ; mean tempera-
ture in shade, 59°C ; total rainfall, 44-651. Number
of days on which rain fell, 187. During the
month (May), which corresponds with November in
Great Britain, a good deal of cool wet weather
was experienced. The state of the weather to-day
<May 21) is— barometer, 29-888; thermometer in
complete shade, 58° ; under verandah, with roof
subject to sun's rays, 58°.

Vegetation makes very rapid growth when moisture
is plentiful. The climate somewhat resembles
that of Great Britain, though the mean annual tem-
perature is some degrees higher, but more equable, and
is very favourable for agricultural purposes. Instruc-
tion in agriculture and botany are subjects now
taught in the Auckland University, and, considering
the importance of such instruction in a colony where
60 much depends upon agriculture and fruit cultiva-
tion, it is highly probable that a considerable number
of students will avail themselves of the instruction
now off"ered, and in after life be induced to engage
in agriculture or kindred pursuits. As an instance
of the rapidity with which land may be brought
under cultivation and crops obtained, I may mention
that I have to-day seen some Potatos, fine large

tubers of the Ilobart variety, which were grown by
some new settlers at Hokianga, on land wliich in the
middle of December last was covered with bush.
Fine crops of Water Melons, Vegetable Marrows,
and Pumpkins grown on the same block of land, have
also been sent in to market. It is no uncommon
thing here to see Pumpkins of a variety named Iron
Bark, weighing from 100 to 115 lb. ; and Vegetable
Marrows, 20 to 24 inches in length.

Auckland is well supplied with all kinds of Euro-
pean vegetables, the greater portion being grown by
Chinese gardeners, of whom there are a good many
located iu the district. A poll-tax o( £10 per head
is levied by the Government on all Chinamen landed
in the colony.

For some mouths past I have daily had an oppor-
tunity of observing the progi-ess made by a party of
four Chinamen, who have taken a block of about
'•> acres of land for market gardening, and I could not
fail to notice the systematic and workmanlike
manner in which they proceeded in breaking up,
laying out, and planting the different beds, every
available yard of land being utilised. Their method
of planting out some of the crops in rows would,
perhaps, not suit the eye of the head of the culinary
department of a well-organised establishment at
home, for the Chinese, so far as I have observed, do
not include garden lines among their implements,
they nevertheless succeed in producing heavy crops
of good marketable vegetables.

Fruit is plentiful here at present, a steamer
having just arrived from Fiji and the South Sea
Islands with a cargo of firuit in good condition. The
principal kinds brought are Oranges, Limes, Pine-
apples, Figs, Cocoa-nuts, Bananas, and Pea-nuts, or
earth-nuts (Arachis hypogiea).

The juvenile fraternity in the vicinity of the
wharf hail with delight the arrival of an island
steamer with a cargo of fruit, and they are quickly
alongside the steamer on the off-chance of making a
haul.

Among the more rare kinds of fruit I noticed fine
il)ecimens of the Bread-fruit tree (Artocarpus in-
cisa), the Japanese Persimmon, also some Walnuts
and Chestnuts ; the three last-mentioned kinds were
the produce of plants growing in Auckland district.

The following are the prices realised by public
auction for a portion of the fruit cargo above referred
to ; — Seven hundred bunches of Bananas were sold for
2.S. (Sd. to 35. Qd. each; forty crates Pine-apples,
4.5. ?(Z. to 5.«. 9d. per dozen; forty sacks Cocoa-nuts,
't^.Zd. to 7s. 9(i. ; fifteen sacks Earth-nuts, 2c?. per
pound ; twenty sacks Walnuts, bhd. ; 1000 boxes of
Figs fetched 6s. Gd, per dozen.

I have during the past year visited two exhibitions
held by the Auckland Horticultural Society. The
exhibits of fruit, especially Apples, for size, quality
and variety, I have never seen equalled at any ex-
hibition in England. This morning I examined
some fine specimens of Apples, the produce of trees
planted on Maori land thirty years ago. The trees,
it is said, have never been pruned or received any
care whatever, are still growing in quite a wild state,
surrounded with " titree," and produce abundant and
excellent crops of fruit every year.

A writer in the New Zea/a7td Herald has drawn
attention to some flowers of Physianthus recently
forwarded to the Auckland Museum. From the
description given of the plant it is probably Physian-
thus albens of South America. The plant
here referred to was introduced iuto Wanganui
(where it has done well) by way of the Cape of Good
Hope, by Major Lockett. The plant is an evergreen
climber, and blooms throughout the whole summer
and autumn. The flowers being sweet-scented, and
producing abundance of honey, are very attractive to
moths of all kinds. In order to reach the honey the
proboscis of the moth has to be passed through a
narrow cleft, which is so shaped that although the
proboscis can be inserted readily enougii it is by no
means an easy matter for the moth to withdraw it.
As a matter of fact great numbers of moths are
unable to free themselves, and arc held prisoners at
the entrance of the flowers until thev die.

It has thus been suggested that if plants of the
Physianthus were trained up the trunks of the Apple
trees, numbers of the codlin-moth would be cap-
tured and killed. It is stated that during the whole
of the past summer, the flowers were loaded with
dead moths. The flowers sent to the Auckland
museum all contain dead moths. A few days ago
Maoris were offering for sale here a stock of the
'■ Kumara," a kind of sweet Potato (Convolvnlns
chrysorrhizus), of which there are several varieties
cultivated, the tubers differing in shape and colour
just as in the Potato. The " Kumara " forms one of
the principal articles of vegetable food of the Maoris,

I believe attempts were made some years ago by
Sir Joseph Hooker, of Kew, to introduce the
" Kumara " into England, but I have never learned
with what success. Edgar Spooler, AucJcland, Maij2\.
(See Gardeners Chronicle, 1883, vol. xx., p. 601.)

A Botanical Rabity.

I was recently rambling over the Banks Peninsula,
Canterbury, N.Z., and came across a Cyathea deal-
bata (Silver-leaved Tree Fern), having branched in
three stems, each bearing beautiful fronds, giving it
an elegant but curious appearance. The main
caudex was about 4 feet high ; it then branched into
a tripod, each stem being about 4 feet in length.
This abnormality, 1 believe, is rare. The oc-
currence of lateral branches among Tree
Ferns is by no means common ; at the same
time, while from the rarity of its occurrence I
look on such mode of growth as abnormal, and as
induced by some unusual cause, perhaps by accident
to the terminal bud by a limb of a tree falling upon
it, or by the interference of cattle, the ultimate
reason of its occurrence is probably not far to seek.
I have come across double-crowned Cyathea deal-
bata and C. Smithii, and know of their whereabouts
at the present time, and would send home a stem for
examination if likely to throw any light on this
phenomenon. W. A. Carpenter, Christchurch, N.Z.,
July 23.

The Teansvaai..

A Sew Gladiolus. — In December last, when
on my way to Barberton, the capital of the
Transvaal gold fields, I came across a very
distinct species of Gladiolus in about 26° S. lat.,
growing in black loam amongst rocks, fully
exposed to the sun at a height of 6300 feet
above the sea. It, at the time I saw it, showed leaves
only, which, as to size and thickness resembled
Phormium tenax. A flower-stem of last year was
just over 6 feet high. By a friend's kindness I have
just received matured corms of the above, which have
been placed in Professor Foster's hands. 1 am in-
formed that the flowers are pink. It is not likely, I
think, to prove Thunberg's Gladiolus grandis; and
not having seen the figure of Baker's G. crassifoliua
in Trimen's Journal, 1876, t. 334, I can offer no
opinion as to its identity. As the Flora Capensis
goes no farther than Campanulacea;, the study of all
South African Monocotyledons, without a good
library at one's elbow, is most diSicult. i?. W. Adlam^
Mariizhurg, Natal.

The Apiary.

MARKETING HONEY.

There is a great deal of art in getting honey ready
for the market, and more work perhaps is connected
with this than with any otlier part of the work of
the apiary. I have heard that "Tomatos are packed
best by the French, and that no little amount of their
success in selling is solely due to this fact. At any
rate it is certain that the more trouble there is taken
with the packing of honey the better will be the sale
thereof. For extracted honey there is nothing like
putting it up into neat bottles holding 1 lb or 2 lb. ,'
each. Ornamental labels can be obtained veri /
cheaply, and would add to the appearance. It would
even be advisable to select some pretty kind of
bottle, and always keep to the same, so that even .is
a tree is known by its fruit the beekeeper would be

Sbptesibkk 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

309

k.no\\'Ti by his bottle. When sections are taken ont
of the hive they will most likely be more or less
covered with propolis : scrape all this off and then
put them into some kind of box with glass sides,
Woodley's are very pretty indeed, and not very dear.
Besides, when people are buying they could buy them
'minus the case if thev liked, which would make the
sections a little cheaper. As soon as honey is made
attractive to the eye, as well as pleasing to the palate,
there will not be much trouble in selling it ; at any
rate, that is my experience. Never send out a dirtv
article, and employ an extractor with its useful
treacle tap ; it is so easily washed out and kept clean.
Walter Chitty, Pewsey.

Forestry.

Stool-Grown Oak, — Sir James Campbell, in pub-
lishing the results of the series of Dean Forest
tree-measurements, furnished foresters who believed
in transplanting young trees with a good argument.
The figures show that in the earlier years of a tree's
existence an untransplanted seedling grows more
rapidly than one which has been replanted ; but they
also show that in the course of time the untrans-
planted tree loses this advantage, and is outstripped
by the replanted one. These data, I believe, are
now pretty well known ; but there is another ques-
tion in Oak propagation, nearly allied to this, which
will bear looking into, viz., the relative amount of
timber produced in a given time from stool-
grown trees and from seedling — transplanted or
not. In some of the Oak woods here — and these
are chiefly oh strong retentive clay — it is the
practice to raise succeeding crops from the stools
of the felled trees. As with many branches of
the forester's art, this is probably done from time to
time without any inquiry into its merits. This in-
quiry I wish to raise. So far my observations have
been of a general character, but they tend to
strengthen my belief that the growth of trees so
raised proceeds something on the lines which the
Dean Forest experiments indicate, viz., that the
young Oaks during the first years grow more rapidly
from old stools, but that ultimately the seedling tree,
whether transplanted or not. leaves it in the lurch.
There may be other reasons, but the most natural
explanation is, that the stool-groivn tree in its earlier
years has such a large root area to draw from
that the young seedling cannot keep pace with it.
These roots, h owever, lose their vitality as time goes on ,
but the young seedling increases year by year in
vigour, and will continue to make good progress
long after the stool has been exhausted. Assuming
this to be correct, the plain inference is, that if it is
only intended to groiv poles it is more profitable
to utilise the old stool, but that in plantations
of a more permanent nature, i.e., for the produc-
tion of large timber, saplings only should be used.
The stool-trees of which I have spoken seem to
grow on well until they reach .35 to 45 inches in
circumference at 10 feet from the ground, after
this they remain comparatively stationary. This is
not the fault of the soil, as large trees grow on the
outskirts, presumably from the acorn. JO. J. Y.,
Li/ncham, Wilts.

The Flower Garden.

As the days shorten the bedding plants have a
longer period in which to grow, and as a consequence
they become drawn where standing crowded together.
It is better, therefore, to sacrifice a few side-shoots
in order to prevent this, and to a certain extent the
loss of the foliage from want of light and air. See
■ that ail tall gi-owers are securely fastened. Lawns
vill require to be frequently swept to clear them of
f.'iUen leaves and wormcasts, and the scythe should
)>e employed to clear them of bents. The late rains
have much improved the turf, and the mowing-
miiching will require to be more frequently used than
it has been during the past two months. The neces-
sary quantity of bulbs for planting in the beds should
be obtained as soon as possible, so as to secure the
best. As a rule bulbs are well matured this vear,
and should afford good bloom.

Alpine and HcrhaeeoiLS Plants.— The more delicate
sorts of alp'.nes may now be placed under cover in those
structures where they are wintered. The coverings
should not, however, be placed over them unless to
shield them from excessive rainfall. Where anv of

the plants are found to be too wet the pots should
be laid on their sides for a time, and in order to
expel worms the plants should be watered occasion-
ally with clear lime-water ; the drainage should also
be examined to see that all is clear of obstruction.
Continue the transplanting of hardy herbaceous and
perennial plants which have been reared from
cuttings or seeds, leaving the weaker plants in the
nursery until spring. Continue to put in cuttings
of Phloxes, Pentstemons, and other plants. Where
much stock is required put in quantities of Pansy
cuttings in pots for early blooming, and any whicli
are sufficiently rooted may be transplanted into beds
which have been previously worked and manured.
In cold localities which are early visited by frost
Violets should be lifted from the open and placed in
their winter quarters. The site should be one facing
south or south-west, where every ray of sunshine can
be secured. Place plenty of spent leaves in the pits
as a basis on which to rest the plants, treading them
quite firm. Leave only sufficient space for the plants
to clear the glass. When lifting secure as much ball
as possible, and fill in betwixt the balls with some
nice light compost. Give all a good soaking of tepid
water, and mulch with a couple of inches of cocoa-
nut fibre, to prevent evaporation and keep the
flowers clean. Keep the sashes off, unless to protect
the plants from rain.

Sknibs and Trees. — Embrace the opportunity of
showery weather for the transplanting of evergreen
trees and shrubs. This is of all seasons the most
suitable time for removing such, as they have got the
autumn before thera to re-establish themselves ; in
spring they have to encounter frost and winds, which
severely rob them of moisture. Pavia macrostachya
is a very desirable shrub to plant, on account of its
flowering in August. There are not many trees and
shrubs which blossom at this season of the year.
Another recommendation is supplied by its graceful
foliage. The Pavia grows to a height of 10 feet, and
is wide-spreading in habit. The bloom-spikes are
nearly a foot in length, and fragrant. It is not
fastidious as regards soil or situation, but flourishes
in greatest perfection in a moist position, and has a
fine appearance by the side of ornamental water.
W. M, Baillic. Luton Hoo Gardens.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Plants and Their Culture.

THE PLANT STOVE.

The temperature of this house may be so gradually
lessened that the plants may experience no in-
jurious check; the atmospheric moisture being also
reduced in a corresponding degree, the conditions
being regulated in accordance with the weather.
The plants must be brought by degrees to do with-
out shade, that their tissues may be matured so as
to endure the winter treatment. Climbers upon roofs
where they form a canopy of foliage, although in them-
selves attractive, have an injurious effect upon the
plants beneath by excluding light, and should have
all weak growths and those that have blossomed
pruned off. As a rule, ornamental foliage plants,
although their colours are not so bright when grown
beneath climbers, yet they do not suffer in the same de-
gree as flowering plants under similar conditions. The
cause is obvious, that imperfectly matured wood can
develope fine foliage and yet be incapable of producing
flowers ; and for this reason flowering plants should
not be kept under the shade of climbing plants.
Keep such subjects as Ixoras, Rondeletias, Vincas,
&c., in a fresh state as long as possible ; to this end
they should be kept in a moderately dry and buoyant
temperature, air being admitted on favourable days,
under which conditions the wood will get ripened and
the flowers preserved. Toassist in keeping up a display
at this season Anthurium Andreanum is invaluable,
and if kept dry the spathes will last in perfection
for a long time, and Hedychiums should be fed with
liquid manure to assist their late formed stems to
flower. In order to give choice ornamental foliage
plants sufficient room, so as to keep them in perfect
health during the winter, a weeding-out has usually
to be made, and in most cases it is found advisable
to remove the largest specimens of the fast growing,
easil)' propagated kinds. With such plants got rid
of there is the opportunity to give the other plants
and the interior of the house a thorough cleansing.
Such plants as require tying or staking should be
attended to. In re-arranging the occupants the
wants of the plants ought to have the first considera-
tion, at the same time having an eye to effect. T.
Coomher, Hendre Gardens, Monmouth.

Apples and Pears. — The ingathering of the^e
fruits will now claim attention, many early and mid-
season varieties having now arrived at maturity. The
fruit-room should be prepared for the reception of
the fruit, and then the early varieties of Apples
should be gathered in first, such as Lord Grosvenor,
Nelson's Glory, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Dutch Codlin,
Worcester Pearmain, Potts' Seedling, Stirling Castle,
Hawthornden, and Ecklinville Seedling. Any of
these can be used for culinary purposes to follow
Lord Suftield and Keswick Codlin varieties. Kerry
Pippin should also be gathered for dessert purposes.
Of course later varieties should remain on the trees
for some time yet to come. Of Pears those varieties
that are now fit to be gathered in may be mentioned
Beurre d'Amanlis, Souvenir du Congres, Colmar
d'Ete, Beurre de I'Assomption, and that good old
Pear, Seckel, will shortly be fit for gathering. The
fruit should be gathered with care and placed on the
shelves in the fruit-room, all light being excluded;
but the windows should remain open, so as to keep
the temperature as low as possible. It will now be
a busy time amongst the Plums, gathering for pre-
serving as the different varieties on standard trees
become ripe, requiring constant attention. The
fruits of the dessert varieties on walls must be pro-
tected by netting and muslin, to secure them from
the attacks of insects and birds. E. Ward, Newell,
BTomsgroi'C.

The Kitchen Garden.

C.\nBAGE. — Prepare a plot of ground for planting
out the main and successional crop of spring Cabbage ;
this should be well manured with rotten farmyarcl
dung, and allowed to settle down, after being dug,
for a few days, and made firm before planting. If
required, and plants are plentiful, the small and
earlier varieties may be planted much closer together
than they are finally intended to remain. Wheeler's
Imperial, EUam's Early, or other dwarf growing
varieties, may be planted in shallow drills, 9 inches
apart and 18 inches asunder, and allowed to remain
so until spring, when every alternate plant can be
drawn out for early use ; larger and later varieties,
such as Enfield Market and Large York, should have
a space of from 18 inches to 2 feet each way allotted
them. Young plants in the seed-beds must not be
allowed to become weakly by crowding, but, in the
event of their permanent quarters not being ready,
pricked out temporarily into beds,

Polaios. — Lift these as they become ready, and
store when in a dry state, and, if circumstances
permit, the tubers may be allowed to remain on the
ground for a few hours before being stored. A dry,
dark store shed is the most suitable and convenient
for storing in, but where such suitable accommoda-
tion is wanting, they are best stored in pits outside.
Care should be taken not to put too many together
in bulk, nor to cover them too deeply with protecting
material and soil at first, for fear of promoting
growth, but later, and as a protection against frost,
additional covering can be added.

Turnips.— Thin out, and hoe between the drills of
late sowings ; those in a usable stage should be
pulled up before tliey become too large or pithy, and
placed in a cool shed for present use.

Carrots. — Early Horn Carrots, on beds or borders,
and which have completed their growth, would also
be much better if lifted and placed in a similar
situation as advised for Turnips, or they may be laid
in soil for present use.

Parsnips. — These should be taken up as required
for use, and at no time will they be found better in
quality than at present, it being quite a mistake
to suppose this useful vegetable is only eatable after
frosty weather. At any time after they are large
enouf^h, if used fresh, and under similar conditions to
young Carrots, they will be found an excellent dish.

Toynatos.- Plants on outside borders, and growing
against walls, will be fast maturing their crop ; con-
tinue to keep all growths closely pinched back, so as
to expose the fruit to the sun and light, and when it;
is partially coloured take ofl' and place in a dry warm
place to ripen. Plants under glass intended for
winter supply will be covering the trellis-work, and
should be encouraged to set a crop by maintain-
ing a dry, buoyant temperature. John Austen, Witlnjf
Court.

310

TEE GARDENERS' CERONICLE.

[September 10, 1887.

SUBSCRIBERS TO
'T'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

-*- who experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularhi, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint),

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

TIT15SDAY.

MEETINGS.

Sept 13 V Royal Horticultural Society: Fniit
\ and Floral Committees.

SHOWS.

I National Chrysanthemum Society :

Exhibition of Early Chrysan-

I themums, Dahlias, and Gladioli.

WEDNESDAY, Sept. U \ Eoyal Aquariiun, Westminster

(two days).

Brighton and Sussex Horticultural

As-sofiation (two days).

{Fruits and Flowers at the Jubilee
Exhibition, Manchester (two
days).

SALES

/ Dutch Bulbs, in variety, at Stevens'
I Rooms.
MONDAY. Skpt, 12/ '^"l""' '''7>''/ *^'? °^ Greenhouse

\ Plants at Dysons Lane Nursery.

TUESDAY. Sept. 13

WEDNESDAY, Sk

C Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

Annual Trade Sale of Greenhous,-
, Plants, at the Eurut Ash Lane
J Nurseries, Lee, by Protheroe &
^ Morris.

{Dutch Bulbs, 4(H) Azaleaindicafrom
Ghent, Collection of Orchids iu
Flower and Bud, and SS Cases of
Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Annual Trade Sale of Greenhouse
Plants, at the Lea Bridge Road
Nurseries, Leyton, by Protheroe &
Morris.
{Importations of Orchids from Mr.
F. Sander, and Dutch Bulbs, at
Stevens' Booms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris-
Rooms.
Annual Trade Sale of Greenhouse
Plants, at Brunswick Nursery, Tot-
tenham, by Protheroe & Morris.
fVanda Sanderiana, and other Or-
chids, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
* '"'J Annual Trade Sale of Greenhouse
I Plants, at Longlands Nurserj',
', Sidcup, by Protheroe & Morris.

1 Dutch Bulbs from Holland, at
Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs from Holland, at Pro
theroe & Morris' Rooms.
Trade Sale of Palms and Ferns at
the Woodlands Nursery, Lewis-
ham, by Protheroe & Morris.

ScAECKLY have we had time to
^"perrs""* examine the report of the Tear

Conference, issued by the lioyal
Horticultural Society under the editorship of Jlr.
A. F. Barron, than we are confronted with a
similar publication issued under the anspice.s of
the Koyal Caledonian Ilorticnltural Society by
Mr. Malcolm Dunn. The report of the " Apple
and Pear Conference " held by the Royal Cale-
donian Horticultural Society in Edinburgh from
November 2.") to 28,'_I88r), is far too important to
be dismissed in a paragraph, hence we content
ourselves for the moment with the announcement
of its publication, and the statement that it may
be had from Messrs. Maclaciu.-vn & Ste-wabt,
of Edinburgh. It is impossible, however, to
suppress the obvious reflection, that a great deal
of superfliiDus labour and e.tpense has been
incurred, which might have been avoided if the
Uoyal Horticultural Society of England were truly
national. As it is, we have two separate reports-
three in fact — largely contributed to by the same
men, dealing with the same m.iterial8, and from
the same .sources though at different times. While
preserving all the specially national characteristics
upon which Scotsmen pride themselves with so

much justice, it would have been perfectly prac-
ticable to have welded two of the three documents,
if not all three, into one British report. Indirectly,
at lea,st, the Royal Horticultural Society must be
credited with this double expenditure of time and
labour, which might have been avoided were the
London .Society really national in its aim.

At the same time, no doubt, some advantage
has arisen from the division of labour, and it is
possible that Scottish interests may have been
even better represented by this .special report
than by the more general one issued by the
Metropolitan Society. Special interests, how-
ever, ought to give way to the general welfare
and to the general interests of national horticul-
ture ; and we can but think that a federal union
of the two societies — preserving the executive
individuality of each, but combining the influ-
ence of each into one whole for general purposes
— would have resulted in even better results than
those now secured. .Such are the first impressions
forced upon us by a glance at the Scottish report.
It is possible that a more detailed examination
may lead us to modify these views. In the
meantime we can but most heartily congratulate
the Royal Caledonians on their energy and pluck,
and in the interests of horticulture in general
give utterance to our satisfaction and gratitude.

Of the many horticultural trea-
Maples sures that the earlier explorers

in .lapan brought to Europe,
few seem destined to find more favour with
the possessors of gardens than the .Japanese
Maples, Acer polymorphum and its numerous
varieties. These graceful, deciduous, hard-wooded
shrubs and half-trees, which are as easily grown
in pots and tubs as in the open ground, afford
effects of contrasts with other plants, flowering
or otherwise, scarcely attainable with any other
subjects. Especially is this observable during
the spring and early summer time, when the
tender young shoots assume their delicate tints,
and in the ripening period of autumn, when the
whole of the foliage is gorgeous with the hues of
the Virginian Creeper. The plants are hardy
enough to 'withstand the cold of winter in our
southern coimties and in Ireland, and at the
coast — almost everywhere — if the essentials of
good drainage, natural or otherwise, and some
shelter, preferably afforded by other shrubs, be
given them.

When grown for conservatory decoration, to
be forced into leaf during the winter, or to come
on naturally, the plants should be placed in open
but sheltered situations, with their pots — if the
plants are grown in such vessels — sunk in a bed
of fine gravel or coal ashes. If grown in wooden
tubs, some means must be adopted to shelter the
roots from the direct action of the sun. The
main considerations should be the attainment of
perfect ripeness in the wood and a pl&asing form,
the latter being brought about by the careful
use of the pruning-knife.

The varieties first brought to this country
were Acer polymorphum sanguineum and A.
p. atropnrpureum, the former having the young
growth dark crimson, changing to red-purple as
it ages ; and thi.^ latter having young shoots of
bright crimson which afterwards become dark
claret. These two varieties are amongst the
hardiest, and are therefore good to plant in cold
localities. A. p. palmatum is another service-
able variety, of a green colour, but changing to
beautiful tints in autumn. \ variety of this,
called laciniatum, is very light and graceful; the
shoots have reddish-coloured points, and it dies
off in bright colours ; another form, p. roseo-
marginatum, has finely cut leaves, with rose-
coloured edges : it is pretty, but is apt
to run out, as sportl often will do. A p.

palmatifidum has foliage that is long, pen-
dulous, and finely cut, the habit partaking of the
same character. A. p. dissectum, with crimson
foliage, has a similar habit. A tall tree-like
form is found in Cratajgifolia: it is distinct,
and worthy of being planted where space can
be afforded it. A. p. septemnovum elegans i»
light green in colour, the shoots having rosy tips.
It is very handsome, and excellent for growing
in pots. A. p. linarilobus is equally good, the
young growths being of a crimson hue. Our illus-
tration (fig. 71) shows a group of these Acers as
grown at Sir. Dixon's garden, Cherkley Court.

A. japonicum is densely shrubby in habit,
green in summer and of fine colour in the autumn.
A. j. macrophyllum is a finely cut form of this,
A beautifully netted variety is seen in A. fli^-
vesoens (retioulatum), a creamy reticulation on a
green ground appearing in the early foliage. It is-
best in spring, the colours not remaining distinct
during hot weather.

Professor ReicHENBACH.— The worthy Pro-
fessor is here on a visit, which will last a fortnight.
His address during his stay will be the Herbarium,
Royal Gardens. Kew.

Greenhouses and the Building Acts.—

The subjoined letter raises a question of cardinal
importance to nurserymen and florists, and one
which is worth the attention of the Nursery and
Seed Trade Association. We print the letter as we
received it, and shall be glad of the comments of
those of our readers interested in such matters; —

" On the 27th ult. I appeared at Hammersmith
Police Court to a summons taken out by the District
Surveyor for building a greenhouse for trade pur-
poses without putting concrete under the foundations.
In the first instance the Surveyor called on me to-
put concrete and a damp course. I explained the
absurdity of the damp course, as I employ men to
keep the walls damp. I then showed him a house o£
Grapes shanking through the roots getting into the
concrete, as I believe they do. He still insisted on
the concrete. I declined to put it in ; hence the
summons. I contended before the magistrate (Mr.
Bennett) that a greenhouse for nursery purposes was
not a building contemplated by the Building Act.
The m.agistrate told me he was obliged to decide
against that view, as the Act had not exempted green-
houses, and remarked that there ought to be little
difficulty in getting a short Act passed e.xempting
greenhouses for trade purposes. The order was made.
I have undermined the place and put concrete,
making the house, in my opinion, of considerably
less value for the purposes I require it. It was
admitted by the Surveyor to be a solid good structure,
his only excuse was that he had to see the law
obeyed, that " every building within the metropolitan
area shall have concrete foundations." Now the
next step will be that he will come down on me for
a considerable amount for surveying this and several
other houses. It seems as if many of our laws were
made for the express purpose of making it as difficult
as possible to carry on trade and so encourage
foreign competition as much as possible. Can any
readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle say whether it is
the practice in other parishes to put concrete founda-
tions to greenhouses and pay District Surveyor's fees
for each greenhouse put up ? If so, the sooner the
trade approach the Metropolitan Board with a view
to altering this bye-law on the subject the better.
Edward Collins, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden
Junctlnn, Srpf. 3."

The Royal Caledonian Horticultural

Society. — Our Edinburgh correspondent, tele-
graphing on Wednesday afternoon, states that the
show was a very good one, the fruit-sections espe-
cially being well filled.. There were nearly 2000
entries in the fruit classes, comprising 450 bunclie.>«
of Grapes, .')73 dishes of Apples, 130 dishes of Pfars.
A keen competition was engendered by Messrs.
McKenzie & Moncur's prize for twelve dishes of
fruit, for which there were thirteen entries, the lat
prize being awarded to Mr. Bovd. Callander Park.
Well done, Caledonia !

Royal Horticultural SociETY.--We are
requested to announce that a list of pbmts and seed*

SlilPTEMBER 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENEIiS' CHUONIGLE.

311

available for distribution to Fellows may be had
on application to the Assistant-Secretary, Royal
Horticultural Society, South Kensington ,'W. — The
Kruit and Floral Committees will meet at II a.m. in
the Conservatory on Tuesday next, the 13th inst.
On that day special prizes are offered by Messrs.
.Iajies Cakter & Co., for Carter's Perfection Tomatos
and Carter's Jubilee Runner Beans ; Mr. H. Deverill,
for Neale's Ne Plus Ultra Runner Beans; Messrs.
StiTTON & Sons, for Sutton's Early Gem Carrots
and Sutton's Tomatos Reading Perfection, Maincrop,
or Abundance ; and Messrs. 'Webb & Sons, for
Webb's New Jubilee or Webb's Sensation Tomatos.

Alnwick Horticultural Society was admitted into
affiliation. The 'Victoria (New South Wales) Hor-
ticultural Society applied to become affiliated, and
was unanimously accepted, with the proviso that any
member of their executive body present in London
should be permitted to attend the meetings of the
National Chrysanthemum Society and vote. Some
other business was transacted, and the proceedings
closed with a vote of thanks to the President.

Mr. W. G. Smith.— We are requested to state
that after next Saturday Mr. Smith's London address
will be, 90, Queen Street, Cheapside, E.C.

•■ Die Naturlichen Pflanzen Familien."—

The last issued part of this publication, of which we
have had occasion to speak in terms of high com-
mendation, comprises an account of the Amaryl-
lidacea3, Velloziaceffi, Taccacea?, Dioscoreaceas,
and Iridacea;, by Dr. F. Pax. The illustrations
are copious and good.

Froebel's Hybrid Begonias. — The Revw^

Horticolc devotes a coloured plate to the illustration
of forms of Begonia octopetala and B. polypetala.
The foliage is that common to Begonias, but the
flowers have a superficial resemblance in form to those

-GROUP OF ornament

National Chrysanthemum Society.— A
meeting of the general committee of this Society
took place at the " Old Four Swans, " Bishogsgate
Street, on the 6th inst., Mr. E. Sanderson, Presi-
dent, in the chair, and there being a full attendance
of members. Mr. Holmes, the Hon. Sec. announced
the death of Mr. D. Hutt, for many years a member,
and often a judge at the exhibition of the Society.
In November, 1801, Mr. Hutt exhibited at Soutli
Kensington a group of six specimen pompon Chry-
santhemums, and by special desire of Her Majesty
and the late Prince Consort they were ordered to
be photographed. He was then residing at Margaret
Place, Hackney Fields. A vote of condolence witli
liis family was unanimously passed. Fourteen new
menibers were elected, making the total 40.'>. The

LlLIUMS. — Mr. W.UiK .sends us a box containing
cut flowers of Lilies, of wliich he says: — "I enclose
a few flowers of one of the finest late flowering
Lilies, L. speciosum album verum. There seems to
be some confusion about this Lily ; often Lilium
speciosum Kraetzeri is sent out under this name, or a
white form, with a purplish exterior and purplish
stems. The form in question differs from L. speci-
osum Kraetzeri in its broader divisions, purer white
colour, and yellow anthers, also in its broader light
green foliage (in Kraetzeri the anthers are brown).
L. speciosum album verum commences flowering
some weeks before L. Kraetzeri ; it is a native of
Japan, and is very rare. The other flowers enclosed
are L. speciosum Melpomene, L. Wallacei, and L.
speciosum Kraetzeri.''

of Japan Anemones. The colour of some is white,,
of others of various shades of rose. They have the
advantage of flowering in winter, and require to be
cultivated in a cool damp house, such as is suitable
for Cinerarias, the mode of culture being quite diffe-
rent from that suitable for the tuberous section.

"Annals of Botany."— The first number of
this publication, which has been expected with some
interest, has now been published at the Clarendon
Press, Oxford, under the joint editorship of Professor
Balfour, of Oxford, Dr. 'Vines, of Cambridge, and
Professor F.vuLoiv, of Harvard, U.S.A. The first
paper is one by Professor Marshall Ward, on the
histology and fruits of Rhamnus. We cannot enter
into detail here as to this paper, but we may

312

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[Septembeh 10, 1887.

say ^that it strikes us as a model of what a paper
on piiysiological botany should be. Other papers
are by Mr. Walter Gardiner and Mr. Tokutaro
Ito, Miss Calvert and Mr. L. A. Boodle. Messrs.
Gregg, F. W. Oliver. Kejiiolds, Blake, and Pro-
fessor Bayley-Balfoiir. The record of current
literature is somewhat disappointing. It is a mere
list of publications, such as is easily to be h-id else-
where. What we hoped to see was a brief digest of
the contents of the papers, or at least a summary of
the literature of the month or quarter. Many readers
engaged in active work have not the ability to read
the foreign periodicals, still more, lack the time to
plod through them systematically, but all would,
nevertheless, be glad to read a well compiled summary
of methods and results of research. The present
part, moreover, is entirely devoted to histological
and physiological matters. We do not raise
any other objection to this than this— that the
title does not lead the reader to anticipate
any such specialisation. It may be that other depart-
ments of botany will be dealt with in subsequent
numbers, and we know by long experience how unfair
it is to judge by first numbers, which, in spite of—
perhaps by reason of— all the care expended in their
])roduction, are almost invariably inferior to those
that follow. In any case, it is a matter for congra-
tulation that physiological botany, so long neglected
in this country, is now receiving its due share of
attention. Tor nearly half a century the Gardeners'
CJironklc has been urging this matter on, not only for
the sake of pure science, but in the interests of
applied botany and cultural progress. Now the fear
seems to be, that the pendulum will sway too far
in another direction, to the detriment of morphology
and classification. Let it be one of the aims of the
AifTiah to hold the balance even. Some day, perhaps.
our Universities may condescend to follow the German
practice, and institute Professorships in each depart-
ment.

Mr. William Ferguson.— Ceylon papers arc

mourning, with ample cause, the death of this gen-
tleman, who (or nearly fifty years has been an
authority on all matters relating to the natural
history of Ceylon, and to the develoi)ment of the
natural resources of the island. Mr. Ferguson lent
cheerful help to Dr. Thwaites, Sir Emehson Ten-
NENT, Dr. Tkimen, and other writers on the Ceylon
Flora, and contributed numerous detached memoirs
on the natural history and gardening of the island to
various societies and publications.

DalTON and Joule. — The reference by Sir
Hkntst Roscoe, in his inaugural address as President
of the British Association, to the labours of two dis-
tinguished Manchester men, was most appropriate.
tn the grimy city, where hard material facts might
seem the only things fostered, two generalisations of
the very highest value to science, and whose import-
ance to practice is incalculable, were made :— " It is
well, therefore, for us to remember, in the midst of
the turmoil of our active industrial and commercial
life, that JIanchester not only well represents the
energy of England in these practical directions, but
th.1t it po.ssesses even higher claims to our regard
and respect as being the seat of discoveries of which
the value not only to pure .science is momentous, but
wliich also lie at the foundation of all our material
progress and all our industrial success. For without
a knowledge of the laws of chemical combination all
the marvellous results with which modern industrial
chemistry has astonished the world could not have
been achieved, whilst the knowledge of the quanti-
tative relations existing between the several forms of
energy, and the possibility of expressing their amount
in terms of ordinary mechanics, are matters which
now constitute the life-breath of every branch of
ajjplied science. For example, before D.ii,ton's
discovery every manufacturer of oil of vitriol— a
substance now made each week in thousands of tons
within a few miles of this spot — every manufacturer
had his own notions of the quantity of sulphur which
Iwi ought to burn in order to make a certain weight

of sulphuric acid, but he had no idea that only a
given weight of sulphur can unite with a certain
quantity of oxygen and of water to form tlie acid,
and that an excess of any one of the component parts
was not only useless but harmful. Thus, and in tens
of tliousands of other instances, Dalton replaced
rule of thumb by scientific principle. In like man-
ner the applications of Jodle's determination of the
mechanical equivalent of heat are even more general :
tlie increase and measurement of the efficiency of
our steam-engines and the power of our dynamos
are only two of the numerous examples which might
be adduced of the practical value of Joule's work."

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent In-

STITUTION.— We are informed that the Right Hon.
Sir Kouert 1'eel has kindly consented to preside at
the annual friendly dinner, after the general meeting
of the members pf the Institution to be held in
January next.

Where do the Leguminos>c get their

Nitrogen from?— It is well known that the Legu-
minosa: form nitrogenous matter in large quantities
in their tissues, even when growing in soil wherein
the nitrogen is not in excess. It is known also that
nitrogenous manuies are not specially beneficial to
these plants, hence the question as to the source of
the nitrogen they contain is one of much interest. M.
Hellriegel, as quoted in the Ammks Agronomiques,
attempts to answer the question. With Bocssingault,
J^AWES, and Gilbert, and other modern chemists,
Hellriegel shows that free nitrogen is not absorbed
from the atmospliere as such. The bacteria in the
soil, however, form, or cause to be formed, nitro-
genous comjiounds in the soil, and these bacteria are
very abundant in the little swellings tliat occur on
the roots of Leguminosa;. M. Hellriegel tested the
matter by sowing Peas in soil deprived of all nitro-
genous matter, in several pots. Into some of these pots
bacteria were purposely introduced, while the others
remained free from them. Germination i)roceeded as
usual ; the plants grew up and went on well till the
food stored up in the seed was exhausted. After
that time the plants in the soil with no bacteria were
gradually starved, while those plants wliich had the
benefit of the bacteria flourished, and on an exami-
nation of their roots the tubercles were found to be
highly developed. According to these and other ex-
periments made by M. Hellriegel there is thus a
direct relation between the appropriation of nitro-
gen by LeguminosiB and the presence of bacteria in
the tubercles on their roots. On the other hand.
Professor Marshall Ward's researches show that
what have been taken for bacteria are really the
germs of some fungus allied to Ustilago. But, if it
be so, the action of these fungoid germs may
be of the same nature as of the bacteria.

TOMATOS Diseased. — Numerous correspon-
dents have forwarded Tomato fruits all affected in
the same way. and badly diseased. The apex of
the fruit is broadly flattened, as though cut sharplv
off; it is dark brown or black in colour as if burnt,
and the large flattened patch varies in size from that
of a sixpence to a florin. Under the patch, the in-
terior of the fruit is jet-black, the disease penetrat-
ing deejdy into the interior ; the remains of the
style form the centre of the black ])atch. The
disease attacks young Tomatos. and is caused bv a
fungus, named by Mr. Plowright Cladosporium
lycopersiei. It was very accurately described and
illustrated in the Garifntcrs' Chronicle, for November
ll', ISSl. p. (;21.

Grape Judging at the Crystal Palace.

— We have received from Mr. Waud. of Longford
Castle (Jardens. a ])rotest against the decision of the
judges in the class for twenty bunches of Grapes in
ten varieties, two bunches of each, at the recent
show ol fruit at the Crystal Palace. We should
prefer not to enter into the precise merits of the
p.irticular ([uestion at issue at present, though, as Mr.
Ward's protest has, we see, been made public in the

Journal of Horfictdttirc, and will probably be so
in other gardening pa])ers. we may have to
make some comment in future. We may, however,
on general grounds, state our impression that exhi-
bitors act unwisely in challenging the decision of
judges of unquestioned honesty and ability. Judges
may and do make mistakes, but exhibitors are not
likely to be unbiassed critics of their judgment. In
such cases as the one before us our recommenda-
tion to the disappointed exnibitor would be never to
])rotest. but to bear his fate with manly composure.
If, unfortunately, this cannot be done, then appeal
should be made to the managers of the show, who
should, after consultation with the judges, pronounce
a final decision. In the case of nefarious proceed-
ings of any kind — of which there is no pretence in
this case — the course of procedure would naturally
be different.

Annual Excursion.— On Thursday, fifty of the

employes of Messrs. W. Cdtbush & Son, of High-
gate. Finchley, and Barnet Nurseries, went for their
annual excursion, the place chosen being Brighton.

Manchester Marriages.— Much excitement

was manifested at Stretford, near Manchester, on
Wednesday week, on the occasion of the marriage of
the eldest daughter of Mr. Bruce Findlat, of Man-
chester, to G. F. S. Artlv, Esq. The ceremony was
performed by the Rev. Canon Hole, assisted by the
Rector of Stretford. — On August 24, Mr. James
Bentlet, the Hon, Secretary to the National Tulip
Society, and Manager of the Works of Messrs.
Samuel Barlow & Co., Stakehill, near Manchester,
was married at Brooklands, Cheshire, to Miss Edith
Thompson, daughter of Mr. W. G. Thompson, oS
Tvntesfield, Timperley.

MEETING OF THE FLORAL

COMMITTEE AT CHISWICK.

September 1. — Present: George F. Wilson in the
chair; Major Lendy, John Dominy, W. Holmes,
John Eraser, W. Goldring. H. Herbst, R. Dean,
James Hudson, A. Perry, S. Hibberd.

The collections of Asters grown in the gardens
were examined. These had been received from
Messrs. Carter & Co.. London ; Benary, Erfurt ; Vil-
morin, Paris ; and T. Laxton, Bedford. Although
the season, being so hot and dry, has not been very
favourable for Asters, those planted in the gardens
have done extremely well, the flowers being large and
good, although somewhat battered by the late rough
and boisterous weather.

Messrs. Carter & Co. sent twenty-five varieties,
the following being considered worthy of marks : —

Chri/sanlhcmu,ii.-flowcrnl Asters.— Height 12 inches
— three marks: copper-coloured, crimson, white,
light blue, English seed. Dwarf French rose, do.
light blue, do. blue and white, do. carmine. Conti-
nental seed — three marks.

I'lponif-flowered Asters. — Height 2 feet, flowers in-
curved : rose, English seed — three marks ; dark
blood-red, rose with white. Continental seed — two
marks.

Pyramidal. — Light blue, purplish-crimson, fiery
scarlet, English seed — three marks.

Messrs. Benary, Erfurt, sent nineteen varieties,
the following being awarded marks ; —

Victoria Asters.— Height 12 to 18 inches. Chry-
santhemum-flowered, very large and double — Rose
and white, dark blue and white, crimson — three
marks.

Miynon. — Height 12 to 18 inches, resembling in
hiibit and form of flowers the Victoria, but some-
what smaller. — Pure white — two marks.

Messrs. Vilraorin, Andrieux & Co., Paris, sent
twenty-four varieties, the following being considered
worthy of the following marks: —

Crown Asters. — Ueight 12 to 18 inches, small
Chrysanthemum-flowered, the centre or crown white.
— Mixed: half dwarf many-flowered, mixed: half
dwarf many-flowered, light yellow.

September 10, 1887.]

TEE GAFDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

313

Ch rysanthemum-flowcred. — Rose-flowered , height
V2> inclies, flowers large, double, fine — two marks.
Imbricated, mixed (Victoria), height 12 to IS inches,
large Chrysaritheraum-flowered ; imbricated, pom-
pon, mixed.

Pyramidal Bouquet Rose. — Height 2 feet, compact,
very floriferous. pompon-flowered, rosy-lilac, very
pretty — three marks.

Pyramidal, dwarf, jnured. — Height 12 to 18 inches,
compact, very floriferous, pompon-flowered, pretty —
three marks.

Harlequin. — Pompon-flowered, some of the petals
streaked with white. — Pyramidal, purple: purple and
white, height IS inches — three marks. Pyramidal,
red : red and white, height IS Inches — three marks.
Half dwarf: red and white, height 6 inches — three
marks.

LillipiU (China) mixed, small pompon-flowered,
partly quilled, colours very bright, and exceedingly
pretty — three marks.

Home Correspondence.

POTATO SCAB. — As far as my observation goes,
this is brought about by imperfect preparation of
the soil, i.e., foul ground. If 1 desired to have a
crop of scabbed Potatos I should dig in a quantity
of green or raw manure (either soddened with water
or very dry) or a quantity of half-rotten, half-dry
straw, such as had been used as a protection to
■Celery or Potatos during winter. The drier the
season the more rapidly the disease would spread.
Should a heavy rain follow drought it would greatly
accelerate the growth of the warts, on account of
the skin being broken, and the rapid development of
the tubers. In my opinion thoroughly decomposed
manure will not cause the appearance. If 1 wanted
to get a crop of clean Potatos the chief requirements
would be clean seed and clean ground, with sustain-
ing properties sufficient to mature a crop. The best
i;leansing substance with which I am acquainted is
gas lime applied at the rate of 24 tons to the acre
three months previous to planting or sowing the
crop. A. Hill, St. Albans.

I have made special observations on this

subject for the la.st three years in succession. Each
year has been excessively hot and dry, and no
farmyard manure has been used by me. Each
year scab has been exceedingly bad with me,
and this year it has been at its worst. My soil is
hot, dry, and calcareous ; the sun has all this summer
made the soil something like burning lime — 2 feet or
more of hot dry chalk dust. The " German investi-
gators," who explain scab as caused by " unduly wet
soil," aggravated by stable dung, as mentioned on
p. 228, clearly do not explain my case. There is
more than one cause for scab in Potatos, and sudden
and superabundant rain may be one. The " true
scab " is undoubtedly caused by the fungus named
Tubercinia scabies. The scab lately under discussion
in the Gardeners' Chronicle is a common but spurious
scab. W. G. Smith, Dumtable.

I think that scab on Potatos is caused by

something in the soil, as we have dug half an acre
of Snowdrop Kidney. For a space of about two
yards in width, in a slanting direction across the
whole piece, they were completely covered with scab,
while on each side they were as white and clear as
oould be. The soil consists chiefly of sand with veins
of iron-rust here and there. The whole was well
■manured with horse manure and bastard trenched in
January. I have seen the same thing occur in chalk
land, and I do not think it is caused by worms, as
we did not dig any in the whole piece. We had a
little over 6 tons on the half acre, which is a very
good crop for the season. We are digging in another
part of the garden Blush, an American Potato,
weighing 2 lb. each, and 3 bushels to the rod, and
the same thing occurs again, a yard or two being
•very scabby and the other very clear. Our late
Potatos look remarkably well, and are just ripening
off, having been planted in JIarch. The sort is
Fidler's Maincrop Kidney. The haulm is very robust,
but the foliage is not quite like the Magnum ; it is
a good cropper, and the quality is very good. I
think sandy soil, if well manured, grows a better
crop in a season like the present than a heavy or
gravelly soil, as the soil does not crack and holds the
moisture much longer. We have had very little wet
since June 3, the thunderstorms passing round us on
both side. We had a very good crop of soft fruit,
and Pears and Plums bear well on this soil. We
registered 3° of frost on August 15, Beans, Marrows,

and Potatos being blackened in low-lying places in
the neighbourhood. ('. /•'. P., HoUoxcay Gardens,
Vlrgiitia Water.

WASPS.- I should like to supplement one of the
two communications Ibrwarded by me on August 31
on the subject of wasps, by asking Mr. Campbell the
following question : — In applying cyanide of po-
tassium to holes in trees at any reasonable distance
from the ground, I assume it would have to be
secured in some way ; if nails were used, and a split
in the bark occurred, little or much, and rain follow-
ing the application, would it impair the vitality of
the tree? A. Hill. St. Albans.

OXONIAN STRAWBERRY. — In your issue for
August 20, p. 220, 1 note your correspondent, " II.,"
states that O.xonian is tiie same thmg as Myatt's
Eleanor, lly stock of this variety is from at least
one of our best English nurserymen, and I feel certain
that the sum of 20s. would not purchase that gen-
tleman's reputation. Moreover, I grew Eleanor
thirty years ago. and my opinion of it is quite the
reverse of "II. s." But paper discussions have not
the worth of practical tracts, I should therefore be
obliged to " II." if next season he would exhibit a
dish at one of the Fruit Committee meetings at
South Kensington — I, of course, showing another.
This is the way, ami tlie only way, to settle the
question. It. GUbcrt.

LABURNUM FLOWERING OUT OF SEASON.

Last week a thrifty young Laburnum tree was to be
seen flowering freely in the garden of a house near
Manor Park station on the Great Eastern Railway.
The cause is no doubt to be found in the exceptional
amount of sunshine experienced during the present
summer. Unlike most trees of the kind, the example
referred to had made numerous strong young shoots
over its whole surface, each having a fine raceme of
flowers. IF. Earleij. [The flowers thus produced are
not on " spurs," but at the ends of long extension
shoots of the year. Ed.]

AILANTUS GLANDULOSA. — Three fine specimens
of this tree, each about 40 feet high, in the grounds
of Mr. Warwick, Highfield, Rickmansworth, have
flowered this season for the first time, and are now-
bearing a profusion of rich purplish-brown capsules,
similar to the keys of the Ash, mostly on the
summits of the trees, and givinga very beautiful effect.
IK. 7?.

ROOTS OF ANEMONE TRANSFIXED BY COUCH-
GRASS. — I enclose you si)ecimens of the roots of
Anemone fulgens perforated by the undergrouml
stems of the Couch-grass, Triticum repens. I also
send bulbils from Lilium speciosum. iVre not such
growths rare in this species ? 0. [The perforation
of the roots of the Anemone is analogous to what
has been figured in our columns in the case of
Potatos. Ed.]

JASMINUM SAMBAC— A fasciated flower of this
plant was sent with the Kew collection lately to
the committee meeting of the Royal Horticultural
Society. Except its exquisite scent ,it had no horti-
cultural interest, but botanically such instances are
always of interest. We have a plant of the same
species here, but I cannot be certain as to the
variety, and for three seasons it has produced a
similar fasciated infloresence, the stem for some dis-
tance assuming a flattened condition, unlike the
ordinary terete form ; evidently this habit of fascia-
tion is becoming fixed in the plant, and in course of
time will become permanent. I send one of the
flowers with this. .7. W. Odell, Barrow Point, Pinner.
[Please send a fresh specimen in due season. Ed.]

DISEASE OF IRIS RETICULATA. — About this
time last year I sent to the Gardeners' Chronicle some
diseased bulbs of Iris reticulata. As I never saw
them reported upon I concluded that nothing definite
was found. The crown of the bulb was decomposed
into a dry mealy substance, the decay extending
often through the upper half of the bulbs. In other
bulbs only spots of decay of the same kind were
found, penetrating, however, the surface of the bulb.
The tunic often remains entire, so that the injury to
the bulb is not manifest till it is removed. Last year
20 per cent, of my Iris reticulata were more or
less affected, but this year less than ,5 per
cent, are damaged. A friend in the Eastern
Counties, however, tells me that the proportion of
bulbs he has lost is very large. He observes,

as I do, that the attack is always in the upper part
of the bulb, and suggests that it may be caused by
some insect. He noticed that some bulbs which had
been planted at least twice the usual depth, viz., 0
or 10 inches, instead of three or four had entirely
escaped. Will other growers of Iris reticulata com-
municate anything they have observed concerning
this disease ? C. IVollei/ Bod.

KEENS SEEDLING AND WILMOT'S SUPERB
STRAWBERRIES.~The remarks of Mr. Douglas at
]). 249 regarding the popularity of Keen's Seedling
and Wilmot's Superb Strawberries fifty years since
is confirmed by the celebrated author of higoldsbi/
Legends, who alludes to them as follows : —
" See : see ! — he's kick'd over a table and chair !
There they go ! — all the Strawberries, flowers, and
sweet herbs,

Turn'd o'er and o'er
Down on the floor,
Ev'ry caper he cuts oversets or disturbs
All the ' Keen's Seedlings' and ' Wilmofs
Superbs ' ! "
We have Keen's Seedling still with us, but where is
Wilmot's ? J. L.

DISA GRANDIFLORA SUPERBA. — Some weeks ago
Mr. Gumbleton wrote me for a flower of the Chats-
worth Disa. I was not then aware that he wanted
it for the purpose of comparison, and gave instruc-
tions for a bloom to be sent him. It appears that a
flower-spike was sent which from age and from the
fact of its having been developed in heavy shade
among the Odontoglossums was pale in colour, hence
doubtless his condemnation of the same. Since
then I have had the pleasure of sending him more
flowers, and have reason to believe that he has
considerably modified his opinion. I should not
have trespassed on your valuable space and time
had the subject not been mentioned again in your
issue of the 3rd, by Mr. Bedford. I suppose most of us
are sometimes apt to think that our geese are
swans, hence Mr. Gumbleton's high opinion of
his own variety to the detriment of the Chats-
worth form, which, however, is too well known
among gardeners to require a word in its defence
from me. But I may be allowed to say that I liad
the pleasure of sending a spike to Messrs. Sander &
Co., for reproduction in their Reichenbachia, which
had eleven blooms, and which measured 3 feet
2 inches in length, and 3\ inches in circumference at
the base. Messrs. Sander in a letter 1 have from
them describe it as a magnificent variety of astonish-
ing vigour. Mr. Gumbleton expresses the opinion
that only poor varieties are capable of producing more
than three or four flowers to a spike ; on the contrary
I believe it is entirely a matter of cultivation. All
our stock originated "from one plant, and it is only
by selecting the strong growths, and potting them
apart from the weaker ones, that this result was
brought about, coupled with a general treatment
which evidently suits their wants, as the 120 spikes
we have had this year have produced upwards of GOO
flowers, although many of the weak ones had only
twc or three on. In the matter of colouring, I have
frequently observed that flowers on the same spike
often vary a good deal in their shades of brilliancy,
the petals of some being almost entirely suffused
with a rosy hue, while the others are more orange-
scarlet, with the tips touched with rose. The colour
of the hood also varies as much as the petals, the
ground colour in some is almost white, whilst in
others it is shaded violet or rose colur. Our flowers
for this year are all over, with the exception of two
or three, which I am sending you for inspection. You
will perceive that the spike with three or four flowers
on bears out my statement in respect to the colours
varying. Mr. Gumbleton has promised to exchange
pieces with me this autumn, when I shall hope to
flower his variety with ours next summer. 0. Thoynaa,
The Gardens, Chatsworth, September 3.

In commenting on your correspondent Mr.

Bedford's remarks about the above-named plant
on p. 284 of your last issue, I may say that my
experience goes to show that the peculiar violet
tint in the variety he calls D. g. violascens is only
the result of the peculiarly warm treatment he
gives these plants, as the flowers of the plant he sent
me had lost all trace of the violet shade when they
bloomed next season with me under perfectly cold
house treatment, and were indistinguishable from my
own variety, D. rosea. As to the Chatsworth variety
I have, since writing my note thereanent, dis-
covered that the specimens first sent me had
been for several weeks exposed to the full

314

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Skptbmbeb 10, 1887.

g:lare of the sun, which liad had the effect of consider-
ably bleaching them, and reducing the brilliancy of
their colour. A second lot, that were sent me after
my note appeared, were considerably brighter in
colour, and show the variety to be a far finer one than
the colour of the blooms first received gave any idea
of. I hear from Mr. Owen Thomas that in his
opinion the number of flowers on a spike is entirely
a matter of culture, and that successful culture will
produce from ten to twelve flowers on the strongest
spikes of any variety. This, however, has not yet
been proved. W. E. Gumblcton.

HEN-AND-CHtCKEN PINE-APPLE. — Mr. J. J.
Quelch's note on a fasclated Pine-apple on p. 283
reminds me of a llrn-and-chicken variety I saw in
iSir Hugh Low's garden at Labuan. The fruits were
of the usual size and flavour, but each fruit was
accompanied by five to seven smaller fruits, which
clustered round its base. It was called the " King
Pine " by some Europeans in the island. Fasciated
Pine-apples occur now and then under hothouse
culture, and such have been figured in old illustrated
works, but I have seen nothing like the specimen
Mr. Qnelch describes as having " more than twenty
small Pines on the one coalesced mass." May I ask
if the King Pine or the " Scarlet-fruited Pine-apple '*
are cultivated in Demerara? F. W. Burbldge. [See
pp. 373 and 405, vol. xvii., 1882.]

CHAM>EROPS FORTUNEI.— Herewith I send you
a photograph of one of two Palms (Cham;crops For-
tunei), planted hen* by me in 1881. They have
passed through the succeeding winters without
blemish and with the protection only of a few Spruce
boughs placed round them. When planted out they
were about 4 feet in height, now they are 10 feet, and
are growing rapidly. 1 believe them to be quite
hardy south of London. The specimens we have
flowered freely tlie last two springs, and as they are
male and female have ripened seed. P. Conway, The
Gardens, Miintham, Worthing, Sussex.

MILLIPEDES. — Many thanks for your remarks
concerning millipedes and wireworms. On my Rose
liorder I have used Turnips cut in slices, and caught
hundreds, but this week I have tried watering both
Vine and Rose borders with the *' Worm Killer "
■which IB sold by the Agri-Horticultural Chemical
Company, Tonbridge, Kent, and my gardeners have
gathered many dead insects; and my ojnnion is, that
this destroyer, if used with iudgment, is one of the
best eradicators whicli can be had. I write this,
thinking you would be glad to have my experience,
which may be of service to others who may be so
■unfortunately placed as I was, George Firth.

SPECIMEN FUCHSIAS.

The line plant shown in our fig. 72, p. 315, was
:grown by Mr. AVills, gardener to Mrs. Pearce, The
Firs, Bassett, Southampton, who is well known iu
liis locality as an excellent cultivator. Growing
large pyramidal specimens is not a difficult opera-
tion for any one having a house that can be heated
to 55° or 60°. At the commencement of the year,
if it be desired to grow sorts already in stock, the
■old plants should be started in the above temperature,
maintaining a genial moist atmosphere. So soon
-as the shoots have made four joints they may bo
taken oft', the leaves of two joints trimmed off, and
the base cut squarely across under the last pair of
leaves. The cuttings should be placed in the soil
■of the cutting-pot with the base of the lowest pair of
leaves just under the surface of sand, and, to obtain
good jilants, one cutting should be placed in a thumb-
pot. When well rooted the young plants must be
taken out of the propagating bed and shifted into
light soil of the same temperature as that they have
<;ome out of; it should be neither too wet nor
too dry, but just in such a condition that it
can be handled without being pasty. Repott-
ing must be done with care, and the plants
kept close at a temperature of 00° for a week. As
the season advances a corresponding advance may
be made in the day and night temperature, giving
air carefully, so that no check to growth be made.
As the plants advance stopping and training must
have attention, all side-shoots being stopped at the
same time. Supposing the young plant has three
joints the point must be pinched out : this will cause

the shoots to start from the joints. These must be
encouraged to grow, and will form the foundation of
the plant. One of these shoots must be tied to a stick,
and will form the leader, and when the side shoots
have made three joints they must be again stopped.
Never stop the plants at the time of re[)otting, but
wait a few days before doing so. By this metliod of
l>rocedure the leading shoot is encouraged to grow,
and if it is sometimes stopped likewise, a more
densely branched pyramid will result. So much for
young plants. Old plants, if intended for exhibition
or early work, must be taken in hand in the latter
half of January, shaken out of their pots, their roots
carefully reduced with a knife, and be repotted in
turfy loam, leaf-soil, with a little peat and silver-
sand added ; repot as soon as necessary, and proceed
as with young plants as regards stopjiing, &c.
Liquid manure will be found beneficial as the season
advances, and plants may be obtained in flower at
almost any time during summer and autumn by re-
moving all flowers up to about three Wfi*ks in
advance of the desired period.

Societies.

CRYSTAL PALACE FRUIT SHOW.

September 1 and 2. — The exhibits of fruit on
Friday and Saturday last were fairly numerous, and in
several classes the entries were many ; tlie quality of
the produce, speaking of the show as a wliole, was but
fair.

Collections.— Mr. II. W. Ward, gi-. to tlie Kiglit lion,
the Earl of Radnor, Longford Castle, Salisbury, justly
carried off the chief prize in the class for a collection
of not less than twenty dishes, showing fruit of uni-
form good quality tliroughout. Alnwick Seedling,
Gros Maroc, Foster's Seedling, and JIuscat of Alex-
andria were the Grapes — all good, especially the two
first-named sorts. He also included Melons Hero of
Ijockinge and Blenheim Orange, clean and large ; a
fine Smooth Cayenne Pine was also noticealile.
Other dishes included Brunswick Figs, Bellegarde
Peach, Balgowan Nectarine, July Gage and Golden
Gage Plums, Jargonelle Pears, Currants, Cherries,
Sec. Mr. J. H. Goodacre, gr. to the Earl of Har-
rington, Elvaston Castle, Derby, came a close 2nd
with as good Grapes, viz.. Madresfield Court and
Muscat of Alexandria ; Black Hamburgh was re-
presented by good bunches, but rather deficient
in finish; Queen Pine, Hero of Lockinge Melon,
Violette native Nectarine, Bellegarde Peach, and
Morello Cherries were also fine 'specimens of fruit.
Mr. W. Pratt, gr. to the Marquis of Bath. Longleat,
AVarminster, took 3rd ; Gros Maroc, Black Hamburgh,
and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes were the strongest
points ; Magnum Bonum and 'Washington Plums
were good. This exhibitor also occupied the premier
place in the following class for a collection of twelve
dishes, with a good even lot, Peaches. Plums, and
Pears being the best shown. Mr. Goodacre was
placed 2nd. showing large Turkey Figs and Bellegarde
Peach. Mr. S. Pullman, gr. to R. B. Slieridan, Esq.,
Frarapton Court, Dorchester, came to the front in
the collection of eight dishes, Early Admirable Peach
being represented by very fine fruits ; Grapes were
good as regards size, &c., but were rather bruised ;
Pine-apple Nectarine and Jeff"erson Plum were
capital, and also Hero of Lockinge Melon. A fair
2nd was made by Mr. C. J. Goldsmith, gr. to Mrs.
C. A. Hoare, Kelsey Manor. Beckenham, S.E.;
Moor Park Apricots were his best specimens. Peach
Royal George and Fig Brown Turkey were also
noticeable ; Grapes were poor.

Grapes. — For prizes offered for a collection of ten
kinds, two bunches of each, only one exhibitor came
forward, viz., Mr. H. '\V. Ward, to whom the 3rd
prize was awarded ; he had a varied collection of
good quality, the varieties being Black Alicante, Lady
Downe's Seedling, Alnwick Seedling. Madresfield
Court, Foster's Seedling, Mrs. Pince, Gros Maroc,
Muscat of Alexandria, Trebbiauo, and Buckland
Sweetwater. For a collection of five kinds, two
bunches of each, Mr. J. Harvey, gr. to J. Watson,
Esq., Ticehurst, Sussex, led in an extensive com-
])etition, showing very well finished bunches, large in
Ijerry, and in good condition ; Lady Downe's, Gros
Maroc, and Black Alicante were the best. Mr. A.
Smith, gr. to W. II. Sewell, Esq., Loughton, Essex,
came a close 2nd, with very good examples of Gros
Colmarand Black Alicante; Mr.Prattwas3rd. Among
the classes for single varieties the finest display was
made in that for Black Alicante, in which there were
eleven lots staged: the conqjetition was close through-

out, Mr. J. Hai-vey securing the premier honour,
showing three large magnificent bundles, well
finished, large in berry, and good form. Very closely
following came Mr. Griflin, gr. to Miss Christy.
Coombe Bank Gardens, Kingston ; while the 3rd place
was accorded to Mr. T. Osman. gr. to L. J. Baker,
Esq., Chertsev. Mr. Harvey was again to the front
for the best "three bunches of Gros Maroc, showing
handsome bunches, highly finished, and large in
berry. Mr. J. Wells, Windsor Forest, Bucks, was a
good 2nd. Mr. Goodacre had the best Madresfield
Court, showing creditable bunches, leading out of
eleven lots. Although the competition here was
extensive, the quality of the exhibits was not so high
as one would have expected. Mr. J. Bray, Tewkes-
bury Lodge Gardens, Forest Hill, S.E., led in the
division for Black Hamburgh, showing large
bunches, good in berry, but rather weak in colour at
the tips. Muscats were best from Mr. H. Gray, gi'.
to Earl Stanhope, Sevcuoaks, showing lovely speci-
mens. In the class for any other white Grape Mr,
.1. IliUingworth, gr. to F. Hicks, Esq., Turkey Court,
JIaidstone, and Mr. J. Bury both showed good fruit,
.and took prizes in the order named, showing respec-
tively Canon Hall Muscat and Foster's Seedling. In
the corresponding class for black varieties Mr. T.
(Jsman led with Lady Downe's, shown in first-class
condition. Mr. W.' Howe, gr. to H. Tate, Esq..
Streatham Common, was placed 1st for a basket of
black Grapes, not less tlian 12 lb. ; while for whites
Mr. Gray led. We sliould advise that instead of
offering prizes for bunches in a basket, which means
nothing, that prizes for something more definite and
more useful be substituted, as Grapes packed in
market baskets, &c.

Peaches and JS'edarines.— These, especi.ally the
former, were very good. The chief prize for four
dishes distinct Peaches went to Mr. W. H. Divers.
gr. to J. T. Hopewood, Esq., Ketton Hall, Stamford,
whose specimens were splendid ; Early Crawford,
Bellegarde, Crimson Galande and Dagmar were the
varieties, all shown in capital form. The same exhi-
bitor also took a similar position with Nectarines,
showing Dryden, Rivers' Orange, Lord Napier, and
■Victoria, the two former especially fine. Mr. J.
Edmonds was 2nd in botli instances, showing good
Barrington and Grosse Mignoune Peaches. The best
collection of six distinct, of both Peaches and Nec-
tarines also came from Jlr. Divers, showing as in the
two previous classes— the specimens were specially
fine ; 2nd, Mr. C. J. Goldsmith, with smaller but
good fruits. Mr. Divers added one more 1st prize to
his list, with a single dish of Peaches (six fruits),
being very fine examples of Crimson Galande. Mr.
F. Day, gr. to W. S. G. Gova, Esq., Heme Hill, was
a good 2nd, showing Prince of Wales. The compe-
tition was very large and good here. Mr. S. Pnll-
man took 1st for a single dish of Nectarines, having
excellent Pine-apple.

Pliimx. — Some of the specimens shown were very
creditable, and generally the exhibits were good.
Mr. J. Neighbour, gr. to E. J. Wythes, Esq., Chisle-
hurst, hart the best red Plums, in four varieties, lead-
ing very well, showing 'Victoria, Pond's Seedling.
Goliath, and Cox's Emperor, all good. Mr. J. Wells
had the best yellow and green ; Cloth of Gold, Jef-
ferson, and Webster's Green Gage were very good.
Purple sorts were best from Mr. G. HoUiday, gr. to
J. Norris, Esq., Castle Hill, Bletchingley, a good and
decided 1st out of six lots : Frogmore, Orleans, Brad-
shaw and Kirke's, were fine.

Various.— Mr. T. Butler, North Lancing. Sussex,
received 1st for Figs, showing capital large and well-
grown fruits. Melons were plentiful, the premier
scarlet-fleshed fruit coming from Mr. Goodacre ; it
was a good Read's Scarlet. There were eighteen
exhibits in this class. Mr. A. Bolton, Montreal,
Sevenoaks, Kent, was 1st in the green-fleshed with
Sutton's Horticultural Prize. Tomatos were well
shown by Mr. C. J. Waite, gr. to Colonel the Hon.
W. V. Talbot, Glenhurst, Esher, who took 1st for
the collection of six dishes— a fine exhibit : Reading
Perfection and Mikado were very large. Mr. C. J.
Goldsmith was a very close 2nd : Daniell's Mayflower
and Acme were his finest.

Apples and Pears. — These were only of fair quality
on the wliole, culinary Apples alone being par-
ticularly noticeable. Mr. A. Waterman, gr. to H.
A. Brassey. Esq., Aylesford, was 1st for a collection
of Apples (twelve dishes), Stirling Castle, Peasgood's
Nonsuch, Lord Suffield, Gloria Mundi, and Warner's
King, were fine examples, large and clean ; Red
Astrachan and Cellini were the best sorts. Mr.
Thomas, gr. to A. J. Thomas, Esq., Sittingboume,
was 2nd, showing similarly in the culinary sorts
witli King of the Pippins, Worcester Pearmain,

Seftembeb 10, 1887.]

THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

315

and Kerry Pippin, in the others, as the most con-
spicuous. Mr. Butler also had the best collection of
ten dishes of Pears, Windsor and Doyennu du Cornice
being well shown. He also had the chief award for
three dishes, while in the corresponding class for
Apples, Messrs. C. & J. Lane, Cockmanning Nursery,
St. Mary Cray, Kent, took a similar place with ex-
cellent fruits of Duchess of Oldenburg, Ked Astra-
chan, and Shakespeare, all highly coloured, clean and
large.

Miscellancoics. — Messrs. J. Veitch & Son and Messrs.
T. Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, both contributed
a highly interesting collection of fruit trees in pots.
Messrs. Rivers also had dishes of fruit of great ex-
cellence— Peach, Plums, Nectaiines, Cherries, and
Grapes.

Co., Forest Ilill, S.E., contributed a very attractive
group of tuberous Begonias. Mr. W. Gordon,
Twickenham, showed Lilies in pots, very fine. Mr.
G. Miles, Victoria Nursery, Dyke Road, Brighton,
showed a group of Japanese Chrysanthemum Mrs.
Burrell ; in colour it is pale orange-yellow or rioli
cream, in the way of George Wermig, which it
greatly resembles, but is lighter. Gladioli were
plentiful, being well represented by a large collection
of cut spikes from Mr. A. Campbell, Gourock, and
from Messrs. J. Burrell & Co.. Cambridge, to whom
prizes in this order wi^ro awarded. Rev. H. II.
D'Ombrain showed the best in the amateur section.
Stove and greenhouse flowers were fine, Mr. Prewett,
Uammersmith. W., Mr. II. James, Norwood, Mr.
Gibson, Sevenoaks, exhibiting. Cockscombs were

Fig. 72. — specimen fuchsia, (see p. 314.)

Fioweis and Plants. — A few classes were provided
for flowers. Asters and Hollyhocks were small
generally. Messrs. Webb & Brand, Saffron Walden,
however, had good Hollyhocks ; a good white is
Oygnet, while a yellow of merit is called Golden Drop.
Messrs. Saltmarsh & Co. showed incurved French
Asters best, taking the 1st place for twenty-four nice
compact flowers, well chosen as to colour ; 2nd fell
to Mr. W. J. Jones, Bath, having reflexed sorts of
excellent quality. A few other lots were also good,
coming close to these in merit. Messrs. Cannell & Sons,
Swanley, had show Dahlias, of fine size and finish ;
also double seedling Begonias so^vn January 7 last,
and growing in 48"s : the plants were 1^ foot high.
From Mr. W. Piercy came early-flowering Chrysan-
themums taking 1st ; Mr. J. R. Pitcher, white recurved,
large, from New York, is a good one, and grows high ;
Golden Fleece and Flora are also good, especially the
latter, whichiis a free bloomer. Messrs. J. Laing &

numerous and good, Messrs, Sanders, Crawley,
securing the highest award.

Grand National Dahlia Show.

Who could have supposed, after the drought and the
tearing storm-winds, accompanied by heavy rains that
followed, that as many as .six stands of seventy-two
blooms of Dahlias, not fewer than thirty-six varieties,
would be staged ? For the first time at a show of
this character fancy flowers were shown with what
are termed the show varieties. It is probable it
will be the last time also, as the conservative spirits
among the growers appear to dislike this departure
from the old ways. We thought the presence of the
fancy flowers gave a pleasing impression of variety
to the stands, though but few fancy flowers w^ere
shown in them. But this type of bloom could be

shown witli what are designated show varieties in
the nurservmen's classes only. The best seventy-
two blooms came from Mr. William Boston, nur-
seryman, Carthorpe, Bedale, who had a lot of very
fine, fresh, and bright flowers, size and refinement
going hand-in-hand ; but Mr. C. Turner, Royal
Nursery, Slough, had a very fine collection also. The
judges were a long time making their awards, but
the brightness of Mr. Boston's stand told in his
favour, and gave him the highest honours. He had
fine blooms of Henry Walton, Miss Glasscock, James
Cocker, Canary, Mr. Gladstone, Professor Fawcett,
Mrs. Langtry, Jas. Stephens, John Wyatt, Sunbeam,
Mr. Harris. Pioneer, Mrs. Foreman, T. J. Saltmarsh,
Prince of Denmark, Mrs. Saunders, Joseph Ashby,
Miss Henshaw, John Forbes, Duchess of Wellington,
Shirley Ilibberd, Mrs. G. R. Jetford, General Gordon,
Cherub, George Paul, Sport, Mrs. W. Slack, Gold-
finder. Galatea, Annie Neville, Thomas Goodwin, II.
W. Ward, Criterion, Miss Lily Large, Hugh Austin,
Lady G. Herbert, Henry Bond, Burgundy, Georgina,
Rev. J. Godday, Charles Wyatt, Hope, W. R.
Pritchard, O. E. Coope, James O'Brien, G. Raw-
lings, Countess of Ravensworth, Geo. Barnes, Hon.
Mrs. T. Wyndham, Mrs. J. Laing, &c. Mr.
Turner had very fine blooms of the following : —
Harry Keith, J. N. Keynes, John Henshaw, Crimson
King, Henry Glasscock, Mrs. W. Slack, J. B. Service,
Imperial, Ethel Britton, William Rawlings, Mrs.
Langtry, Prince Bismarck, Rosetta, Mrs. Foreman,
Warbler, Mr. Gladstone, Prince of Denmark. Clara,
Hubert Turner, Diadem, &c. 3rd, Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co., nurserymen, Salisbury; 4th, Messrs.
Heath & Son, College Nurseries, Cheltenham.

In the class for forty-eight blooms, distinct, there
were nine stands, and the task of the judges was no
easy one. Here Mr. Turner was 1st, with a superb
lot of blooms, having grand examples of Goldfinder,
John Standish, Sunbeam, Progress, Mr. Glasscock,
Mrs. S. Hibberd, Crimson King, Clara, Harry Turner,
T. J. Saltmarsh, Harry Keith, Mr. G. Harris, Wil-
liam Rawlings, Mrs. Gladstone, E.xcellent, Victor,
Herbert Turner, Champion, RoUo, J. B. Service,
Prince Bismarck, Mrs. Henshaw, Jas. Stephens, Ethel
Britton, Mrs. Langtry, James Cocker, Lady Wim-
borne, Colonist. 2nd, Messrs. Keynes & Co., with a
very good collection ; 3rd, Mr. John Walker, Nur-
seryman, Thame ; 4th, Mr. M. V. Seale, The Vine,
Sevenoaks.

In the class for twenty-four varieties, Mr. G.
Humphries, Kington Langley. Chippenham, was 1st
out of six competitors, having a good show of the
following: — Joseph Ashby, William Dodds, Harrison
Weir, Ethel Britton, Countess of Ravenscourt, Gold-
finder, Henry Walton, Seraph, Mr. G. Harris, Prince
Bismarck, Egyptian Prince, Picotee John Wyatt,
Mrs. Langtry. T. J. Saltmarsh, Jas. Stephens ; 2nd,
Messrs. J. Saltmarsh & Sons, Chelmsford ; 3rd,
Mr. J. Walker; 4th, Messrs. Harkness & Son,
nurserymen, Bedale, Yorksliire.

In the class for twelve varieties there were six
stands also, Messrs, Saltmarsh & Sons being placed
1st with John Standish, Mrs. Saunders, Miss
Cannell, Shirley Hibberd, Ethel Britton, William
Rawlings, T. J. Saltmarsh, W. G. Harris, Mrs. D.
Saunders. James Vick, Constance, and John Hen-
shaw. 2nd, Messrs. Harkness & Son.

In the amateur division the show flowers were kept
distinct from the fancy flowers. The best twenty-
four blooms came from Mr. R. Petfield, gr, to A. J.
Thornhill, Esq.. Diddingston, Buckden, who had ex-
cellent blooms of Earl of Ravensworth, George Raw-
lings, Sunbeam, Joseph Ashby, Mrs. Gladstone, John
Standish, R. T. Rawlings, Imperial, T. J. Saltmarsh,
Thomas Hobbs, Rev. J. Godday, Mrs. S. Hibberd,
James Cocker. Miss Cannell, J. W. Lord, Goldfinder,
Constance, Miss Henshaw, J. B. Service, John
Wyatt, Mrs. Dodds, Prince of Denmark, Mr. G.
Harris, and James Stephens. 2nd, Mr. Thomas
Hobbs, Lower Easton, Bristol; 3rd, Mr. H. 'Glass-
cock, Rye Street, Bishops Stortford: there were
but three competitors. In the class for twelve
blooms there were ten stands, and here Mr. J. T.
West, gr. to W. Keith, Esq., Cornwalls, Brentwood,
was 1st, with a very fine lot of blooms, having
J. T. West, W. Rawlings, Mrs. Langtry, Harry
Keith, T. J. Saltmarsh, James Stephens, Mrs. Glad-
stone, Prince of Denmark. 2nd, Mr. B, Clarke,
Shottesham, All Saints, Norfolk. There were some
dozen stands of six blooms, and here Mr. S. Cooper,
The Hamlets Chippenham, was 1st, with James
O'Brien, "Goldfinder, Picotee, Hope, Mrs. Gladstone,
and James Cocker. 2nd, Mr. A, Walton, The
Apiaries, Orpington ; 3rd, Mr. Thomas Anstiss,
Brill,

Mr. West had the best twelve fancy varieties.

316

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septemeeb 10, 1887.

staging capital blooms of James O'Brien, Henry
Glasscock, Duchess of Albany, Jessie Mcintosh,
Kebecca, Chorister, Professor Fawcett, Henry Eckford,
Egyptian Prince, Mrs. N. Halls, Hugh Austin, and
Edward Boston. 2ud, Mr. E. Petfield ; 3rd, Mr. H.
Glasscock. There were five competing stands. Of
six fancies, there were a dozen competitors, and here
Mr. S. Cooper was 1st with Miss Lily Large, John
Lamont, Eric Fisher, Galatea, Chorister, and Man-
darin. 2nd, Mr. W. H. Smith, Shrivenham, Berks.

Then followed four open classes for show Dahlias
^ouped in colours, which was tried as an experiment.
The best six dark flowers came from Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co., who had very fine blooms of William
Eawlings, Mr. Glasscock, Imperial, Victor, Kichard
Dean, and Ethelwin. 2nd, Messrs. Saltmarsh & Son,
•with William Kawlings, John Standish, Shirley Hib-
berd, James Cocker, Eev. J. Godday, and John Hen-
shaw. 3rd, Mr. C. Turner. The best six light
Dahlias came from Mrs. M. V. Seale. who had a
half-dozen truly charming flowers, all light and of the
most delicate character. Jlessrs. Saltmarsh & Son
had the best six tipped Dahlias, staging Iloyal
Queen, J. T. West, Mrs. Saunders, Mrs. Harris, Mrs.
N. Halls, and T. J. Saltmarsh. Messrs. Keynes &
Co. had the best six striped varieties, staging good
flowers of Rebecca, Eric Fisher, Pelican, Gaiety,
Chorister, and a seedling.

The class for six bunches of decorative Dahlias
including Cactus varieties, brought a very interesting
and satisfactory feature, and fully justified the com-
mittee in including such a class in the schedule of
prizes. The bunches consisted of six blooms and
very satisfactory they were. Messrs. Keynes & Co.
were 1st with a collection it appeared very difficult
indeed to improve upon ; the varieties were Con-
stance, Empress of India, Cochineal, Mrs. Hawkins,
Juarezi,and Mrs. Tait. 2nd. Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons,
nurserymen, Crawley, with an admirable stand also,
consisting of Lady Marsham. Mrs. Hawkins, Cochi-
neal, Cherry Bud." Juarezi, and Lady Kirkham.

The pompon Dahlias also made a very fine display,
and they were seen to the very best advantage. They
•were set up in bold and showy bunches of from eight
to ten bloom, some of them a little too stiffly,
indeed the flowers were wired to look like floral
fans, but they attracted a great deal of the public
attention. The best collection came from Mr. C.
Turner, who had remarkably good bunches of Lady
Blanche, Garnet, William 'Carlisle (new), Titania,
Eccentric, Professor Bugeat, Lustrous, Golden Gem,
Gem, E. V. Jungker, Henriette, Fashion, Gazelle,
Rosalind, Little Willie, Mdlle. V. Faconet, F'anny
Weiner. 2nd, Messrs. Keynes & Co., also with a very
fine lot, but set up a little too stiflly ; Loveliness,
Leila, Grace, Hector, Rosalie, Sappho, Marvel,
Mignon, Iseult, Dora, and Peasant Girl, were all fine
and distinct. In the class for twelve varieties there
was a keen competition also, the best coming from
Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., Howe House Nurseries,
Cambridge, who had delightful bunches of Isabel, K.
F. Jungker, Rosalie, Darkness, Fanny Weiner, White
Aster, Gem, Alice, Titania, Favourite, Cupid, and
Wilhelm Nitsche ; 2nd, Mr. J. Henshaw, Rotham-
sted Cottage, Harpenden, who had Golden Gem,
Catherina H. Milesky, Leila, Guiding Star, Rosetta,
Rosalie, Fashion, Little Nigger, and Garnet, distinct
from the foregoing. In the class for six varieties
Mr. H. Glasscock was 1st, with a capital lot, un-
named.

&'«9& Dahlias.— Can tlie single Dahlia be on the
decline? Or had the storms destroyed the flowers?
There was but one stand of twenty-four varieties, set
up in the very best style by Messrs. J. Cheal & Son,
the flowers of the very finest quality. The varieties
were Alba perfecta, Brutus, Mr. Kennett. Mrs. Bow-
man, Primrose, Edith, Silver King. Amos Perry, Excel-
sior (new). Paragon, Sunset, Miss Canen, Duchess of
Westminster, Hugo, Negress, Helene, Beauty of Up-
lands, Cetewayo, Acquisition, Henry Irving, James
Kelway, and seedlings. In the class for twelve varie-
ties there were four stands. Jlr. T. S. Ware being placed
1st, with Mauve Queen Improved, Canterbury Tales,
Mrs. Barker, Huntsman, Mrs. J. Couch, Mary Graham,
Amos Perry, Miss Linaker, Formosa, Duchess of
Westminster, and seedlings. 2nd, Messrs. Paul &
Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Strange to say the
class for six varieties did not bring a single com-
petitor.

Special Pri-«.— Foremost among the special prizes
■was the competition for the Turner Memorial Prize of
a Silver Cup, value £10. The class required a stand
of twelve show and six fancy Dahlias, the winner on
this occasion being Mr, J. T. West, Cornwall.s,
Brentwood, and having been the holder of the Cup
from last year, and thus having won it twice, it now

becomes his property. He had, of show Dahlias
capital blooms o( Harry Keith, J. F. West, Sunbeam,
Mrs. Gladstone, Prince of Denmark, Mrs. S. Hibberd,
J. W. Lord, William Keith (new), T. J. Saltmarsh,
George Rawlings, General Gordon, and James
Cocker.

The Veitch Memorial Medal and prize for nine
self-coloured show Dahlias was won by Mr. H.
Glasscock, who had Mrs. Glasscock, T. J. Saltmarsh,
Mrs. Foreman, Chorister, George Rawlings, Joseph
Ashby, William Rawlings, King of I'urples, and
James Service. Mr. Glasscock was equally successful
in winning the same with nine parti-coloured Dahlias,
h.aving Pelican, Gaiety, Miss Cannell, Mrs. Gladstone,
Fanny Street, Mrs. Harris, Mrs. Langtry, Mrs. J.
Walker, and Chorister. The same, for twelve
pompon Dahlias, in bunches, was won by Mr. J.
Henshaw, who had excellent examples of Princess
Sophie Sopietra, Garnet, Golden Gem, Dora, Sensa-
tion, Darkness, Isabel, Thomas Moore, Guiding Star,
E. F. Jungker, H. Milesky, and Fanny Weiner. The
class for twelve bunches of single Dahlias brought
no competitor. The same was offered for twelve
bunches of decorative Dahlias, and Mr. H. Vincent,
gr. to Mr. Hart, Keymer, Sussex, was the winner —
Mrs. Hawkins, Annie Harvey, Constance, Juarezi,
Fire King, and Willie Peach repeated in duplicate.

Certificates. — First-class Certificates of Merit were
awarded to Mr. Charles Turner, for show Dahlias :
— Royalty, yellow, tipped slightly with rosy-purple —
a large flower of fine form and substance ; Malcolm,
a large, fine, and striking flower of a pale orange-
scarlet colour ; and Purple Prince, pale crimson
centre — about one-half of the basal circumference
of the flower distinctly edged with purple ; and to
pompon Dahlia William Carlisle, pale ground, some-
what heavily tipped with shaded maroon-crimson.
To Messrs. Rawlings Bros., for fancy Dahlia Frank
Pearce, rosy-lilac, with matoon stripes — a large full
flower of fine form. To Messrs. Keynes & Co., for
pompon Dahlias Janet, of a pale orange terra-cotta
colour — distinct and very pretty; and Iseult. pale
bright yellow — a flower of beautiful form. To Messrs.
J. Cheal & Sons, for single Dahlia Excelsior, pale
ground, broadly edged with bright rosy-purple. To
Mr. T. S. Ware, for single Dahlias Miss Henshaw,
pale sulphur-yellow — smooth, and extra fine ; Miss
Gordon, yellow, broadly edged with dark brownish-
crimson ; and Miss Roberts, pale bright yellow —
very pretty. To Mr. Henry Cannell, for Cactus
Dahlia Blazer, a very bright and effective flower.

ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICUL-
TURAL.

Septembek 7— .8— The autumn show of the Royal
Caledonian Horticultural Society, which was opened
in the Waverley Market on Wednesday, and was
continued on Thursday, was one of great excellence
— one of the best, indeed, the Society has held,
whether viewed from the point of view of numbers,
or the quality of the exhibits. The entries amount
in the aggregate to over 1900, as compared with
1450 at this time last year. At this time of the year
the fruit, of course, is'the great feature of the show,
and in the opinion of the judges there has not been
a better exhibition of fruit shown since the Inter-
national year. Grapes in particular made a splendid
display, "there being something like 450 bunches
staged, while included also in the 1000 entries of
fruit are 573 dishes of Apples and 130 dishes of
Pears. The money value of the prizes ofTt-red was £283,
which included a sum of £15 which the Town Council,
who have all along taken a gi-eat interest in the
Society, give for the encouragement of fruitgrowing.
It may only be added here in the introductory re-
marks that the general taste displayed by the com-
mittee in the staging of the exhibits was admirable,
and that the market hall presented from end to
end a most pleasing appearance.

Fruit. —T'ne competition which had the place of
honour in the catalogue was that for a collection of
twelve dishes of fruit— three dishes of Grapes, two
dishes of Peaches, and one dish of any other kind of
fruit, not excepting Pine-apples and Bananas. The
prize was a valuable silver tea set, presented by Messrs.
Mackenzie & Moncur, the well known horticultural
builders. A splendid tussle ensued for the honour,
which was ultimately carried ofTby Mr. Thomas Boyd,
Callender Park, Falkirk, who was also remark-
ably successful in other parts of the schedule.
His Grapes were Black Hamburglis, Muscat
Hamburghs, aud Black Alicante ; and it was
generally agreed that, alike for size and finish, his
JIuscat "Hamburghs were equal to anything in the

hall. The Nectarines, Peaches and Plums were also
fine. Mr. ilcKelvie, Broxmouth Park, was a
remarkably good 2nd ; his Muscats were shown in
grand condition — beautifully yellow and ripe ; and
his Jargonelle Pears and Melon were also worthy of
note. The chief exhibit in the ord prize lot, which
was from Hutton Hall, were the examples of Gros
Colmar, which were large in the berry, and fine in
bloom.

Fur the best collection of eight dishes of fruit Mr.
Hunter, Lambton Castle, was placed 1st, his (Jrapes
and Pears being of superior merit. Mr. Mclndoe,
Hutton Hall, who was 2nd, was again to the front with
his Gros Colmar Grapes, which could not have been
beaten by any of the same variety in the place.
For twelve dishes of hardy fruit P. W. Fairgrieve,
Dunkeld, was placed 1st — a position lie is accustomed
to occupy in tliis class ; and for a general collection
of twelve dishes D. Melville EUerton had the Ist
prize deservedly awarded to him. His exhibit was
a most creditable one, his Grand Duke Plums and
Gros Rouge Apricots being specially admired ; Mr,
Mclndoe was a good 2nd.

The Grapes were so splendid a show that anything
like a detailed notice is out of the question.
The chief Grape prize for twelve bunches brought out
four competitors, ,ind the blue ribbon went to Mr. W.
McKelvie, Broxmouth Park. His Black Barbarossas,
Raisin de Calabre, Black Alicante, and Golden Ham-
burgh were the flower of a well selected and highly
finished collection. Mr. J. W. McHattie, Newbattle,
was 2nd ; his show included fine examples of Tyning-
hame Muscats and Madresfield Court. Mr. Murray,
Park-hall, was 3rd, his Hamburghs, Gros Maroc, and
Black Alicante being exceedingly good. For the
best eight bunches the prize also went to Mr.
McKelvie, his collection including notable examples
of Muscat, Black Alicante, and JIadresfield Court ;
Mr. Boyd, who came 2nd, had fine bunches of Muscat
Hamburgh, Black Alicante, and Alnwick Seedling;
and in the 3rd prize lot, which came from Park-
hall, there was a large bunch of Black Barbarossa.
There were eight competitors.

Out of nine competitors for four bunches, distinct
varieties, the prize fell to A. Kirk, Alloa, with
Alnwick Seedling, Duke of Buccleuch, Madresfield
Court, and Cooper's Black ; T. Boyd was 2nd ; F.
W. Murray, 3rd. For the prize for two bunches of
Black Hamburghs there were fourteen competitors,
and to Mr. Murray, Parkhall, fell the 1st prize, his
berries being in perfect bloom. For two bunches
of Muscat of Alexandria, the prize went to
Mr. McKelvie. Numerous prizes were given for single
bunches. J. Cullewell had the 1st honour for a large
bunch of Muscat of Alexandria, which were,
however, not very ripe; J. Potter, Carlisle,
was 1st with a pretty bunch of White Alicante,
D. Murray, Maybole, was successful with a bunch of
Alnwick Seedling. Mr. McKelvie showed a striking
bunch of Gros Colmar ; T. Boyd, one of Lady Downes,
finely grown. The prize for the best black variety
went to a capital bunch of Muscat Hamburgh shown
by Mr. T. Boyd. For flavour the prize went to
a bunch of the Duchess of Buccleuch, from New-
battle. For bloom the prize was carried off by Mr.
T. Boyd with a bunch of Black Alicante.

There was an exceedingly keen competition for other
descriptions of fruit — the entries with Apricots num-
bering twenty -four and with Plums seventy — and
the prizes were very well divided. The display of
Apples as already noticed, was excellent, and the
condition in which much of the fruit was shown is
evidence that more care is being taken with its cul-
tivation. Among the chief prize-takers were W.
King, Dalziel ; R. P. Brotherston, Tyninghame ; J,
Cairns, Coldstream ; L. Dow, D. Murray, Maybole.
For Pears, D. Melville, EUerton, St. B'oswells, was
very successful, and among others who were to the
froiit here were Mr. J. W. McHattie and J. Mclndoe.
A capital collection of Apples was shown by
Messrs Dickson & Co., from their experimental
orchard at Liberton. Over one hundred varieties
were tabled, and the exhibit reflected on the gi-owers
the highest credit. A new seedling was "James
Welsh," raised from Ecklinville, and showing some
of its peculiarities, though not nearly so large in
size. Branches were displayed at the back of the
stand to show the free-bearing habit of the trees.
On their table were also Plums, Apples, and
Tomatos. A new Apple, to which a Certificate was
awarded, was " Lady Kinloch," shown by Mr. Brun-
ton, Gilmerton Drem. The same Apple for table
use w,as shown at the Congress two years ago, and
was then favourably noticed.

Flowers, — For the season there was a very good
display of flowers — cut and in pots. The rich glow of

Septembeh 10, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' GERONICLE.

317

the autumn open-air flowers supplied a fine note of
colour to the hall. Though the Rose season is nearly
over, this tine flower was not without representatives.
For the best thirty-six Roses, and for the best
eighteen, the 1st awards went to Messrs. James
Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen. On this occasion
Messrs. Dickson, of Belfast, and Smith, of Stran-
raer, were among the other competitors. The
Galloway firm succeeded in getting 2nd place,
their eighteen being a very nice bold lot. The
Aberdeen Roses, which alike as to size and bloom,
were excellent, included Her Majesty, a delicate
pink; Grace Darling, also a pink ; and a fine example
of the new Tea Rose, The Bride. The flower of the
Stranraer case was a Madame Perriere. Messrs.
James Cocker & Sons were also 1st for show and
fancy Dahlias in the nurserymen's class. Messrs.
R. B. Laird & Sons carried off the bulk of the
prizes for table plants ; Messrs. Dickson & Sons
had a 1st prize for a nice lot of Conifers
and for Chrysanthemums, which were only put in the
schedule last year for the first time. R. B. Laird &
Son were 1st; F. Robertson Munro, Abercorn Nur-
series, 2nd. For Gladioli. Stewart & Mein, Kelso,
were 1st ; and for single Dahlias, John Lamont &
Son, The Glen Nurseries, carried ofi* chief honours
with a very fine assortment of this useful and orna-
mental flower. In the gardeners' class there was a
remarkably fine display of Gladioli, Hollyhocks, single
Dahlias. The chief prize-takers, were Mr. Smith,
Roselea, and James Hall, Boynham, for Gladioli ; D.
Macfarlane, Kings' Meadows, for Hollyhocks ; J. Pear-
son, Beechwood. and G.Tweedie, Swinton. for Dahlias,
and D. Lawson, Craigcrook, for single Dahlias.
The honours for Roses went to W. Parlane, Roselea,
and G. L. Hunter. Lauriston Castle.

The prize for the best table of plants for effect
was given to R. Grossart, Oswald Road. J. Pater-
son, Millbank, as usual, was 1st for six stove or
greenhouse plants ; and Mr. Grossart and he had
the most of the other prizes for plants grown under
glass. For the third time the Silver Challenge
Medal, for exotic Ferns went to Mr. Grossart.

Orchids. — One Oi the novelties in the show which
attracted great notice was a plant of the new Orchid,
Odontoglossum Harryanum, in flower for the first
time in Scotland. The fortunate possessor of this
valuable plant is Mr. James Wilson, Banteskine,
Falkirk, to whom was awarded a Certificate. He
also showed some veiy fine bits of Laslia elegans.

Miscellaneous. — To the nurserymen of Edinburgh
the Society was, as usual, indebted for a veryfine dis-
play of plants and flowers, each table being more char-
mingly arranged than the other. Messrs. Laird had a
very fine table, of which the featui-e was beautifully
coloured Crotons; and Messrs. Methven another,
aglow with beautiful Liliums, embedded in beautiful
greenery. These Liliums having been grown in
small pots, while as large in the flower as usual, had
a more compact habit, and were thus made more
suitable for decorative effects. Messrs. Ireland &
Thomson, on a table smaller than usual, showed some
charming Begonias — a flower now greatly in fashion
in these parts. They also exhibited an admirable
collection cf hardy ornamental shrubs which included
the new Golden Prince ; an example of Prunns Pis-
sardi with fine purple foliage, and a weeping form of
the Wellingtonia. Robertson & Munro had a nice
mixed collection of hardy flowers and stove plants.

A table of great scientific interest and value was
that sent from the Royal Botanic Gardens by Mr. R.
Lindsay, the Curator. It included thirty species and
varieties of Pitcher-plants, and some very fine ex-
amples of Sarracenia and Dionsea. One of the
Venus' Flytraps, Dionea Muscipula, was the largest
which has ever been exhibited. Among the newer
plants were Nepenthes albo marginata and several
hybrid Sarracenias.

Vegetables. — The Society may also be congratulated
on the splendid assortment of vegetables shown.
The 1st prize for the best collection went to James
Harkness, Broad Meadows ; for salads to Thomas
Melville, Sunny Bank ; for Cauliflowers, to P.
Stevenson, Liberton, for Celery to John Waldie,
Bridge of Allan. There was in particular an un-
commonly fine lot of Potatos shown. Messrs.
Methven exhibited a new seedling, which got
a First-class Certificate on the previous night at
the Horticultural Society. It is like the Village
Blacksmith, but has a white instead of a bluish skin,
and is a first-rate cropper. Messrs. James Dickson
& Son had a very fine collection of forty-three
varieties on exhibition. One named Creole, raised
from Village Blacksmith, differs from the older
tuber in having a pink eye ; and of Early Puritan, an
Arnericanjmportation, ^'eat tbipga were expected.

It is a kidney-shaped Potato, and from one which
was sent over from New York by way of trial 17 lb,
were raised this season. From Lord Hamilton's place
at Dalziel a lot of Potatos were sent of great size —
Sutton's seedlings, and there was an interesting ex-
hibit of Mushrooms by the Scottish Mushroom Co.,
who are utilising the disused Scotland Street Tunnel
of the North British Railway, for this purpose. There
was also a large exhibit of honey, and bees in obser-
vatory hives, were seen in operation, &c. The chief
prizes went to Mr. Wilson, Falkirk, and Mr. Brown,
Selkirk. In the afternoon the members and judges
and friends dined together in the Waterloo Hotel.

NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

August 31, September 1 and 2. — The sixty-third
exhibition of the Botanical and Horticultural Society
of Durham, Northumberland, and Newcastle-on-Tyne
was held in the Royal Jubilee Exhibition Grounds at
Newcastle, and was pronounced one of the finest yet
held.

The chief special prize, one of £50, divided into
£25 for 1st, £15 for 2nd, and £10 for the 3rd, for
fifty dishes of fruit, brought forward three promi-
nent exhibitors. The Society's Silver Medal and
£10 was the prize awarded for the best decorated
dessert-table ; while £12 was offered for eight plants
in bloom, as the 1st prize, and as much as £10 and a
Silver Medal for the best group of plants.

Fruit. — The exhibition of fruit being of high
interest, we will take it first.

Fifty dishes (Pines excluded). — The following
were the conditions : —Six varieties of Grapes, two
bunches of each ; three of Melons, eight of Apples,
the same number of varieties of Pears, four of Plums,
three of Peaches, two of Nectarines, Figs, and Apri-
cots, three of Gooseberries. Currants, and Cherries,
the remainder being dissimilar. After much de-
liberation the much coveted prize was awarded to
Mr. J. Hunter, gr. to the Earl of Durham. Lambton
Castle, Durham, for a generally fine collection, tlie
black Grapes showing the only weak points : they
were Black Alicante, large in bunch, with good even
berries, but only moderately well coloured ; Barba-
rossa, medium-sized bunches; Black Hamburgh,
good bunches, small berries and fair colour ; the
white varieties were better, and consisted of Cannon
Hall Muscat, very fine bunches and berries, and
fairly well coloured ; the bunches of Trebbiano were
of good quality. Melons were Scarlet Premier, Best
of All, and Lord Strathmore. all being very fine of
their kind. Pears Durandeau, Beurre Giffard, B.
Diel, Williams' Bon Chretien, Brockworth Park,
Pitmaston Duchess, and Souvenir du Congres — all
large, clean excellent fruits, as were also the Apples,
which consisted of Ribston Pippin, Ringer, Jefferson.
Lord SufBeld, Worcester Pearmain. Cellini, and
White Calville. Peaches were Royal George and
Late Admirable, Nectarines Pine-apple and Pit-
maston Orange ; Figs, Brown Turkey and Osborne's
Prolific ; Plums, White Magnum Bonum. Den-
bigh, and Prince Englebert ; small Moor Park
and Early American Apricots ; three dishes of
Cherries, white and red Currants, with Citrons and
Sago fruit, completed this collection. Mr. James
Mclndoe, gr. to Sir J. W. Pease, Bart„M.P., Hutton
Hall, Guisborough, was an exceedingly close 2nd,
with capital dishes, his Grapes being superior to
those in the 1st prize lot, with the exception of his
Gros Guillaume, which, owing to an accident in
transit, were somewhat spoilt. His Grapes were
Alicante, small bunches, of excellent finish ; Gros
Colmar, very fine in berry and colouring ; Buckland
Sweetwater, nice compact bunches; Black Ham-
burgh, good bunches of fair quality ; Muscat of
Alexandria, and the Gros Guillaume previously
alluded to, the Melons, Peaches, Apples and Pears
being good. Mr. J. H. Goodacre, gr. to the Earl of
Harrington, Elvaston Castle, Derby, was 3rd, show-
ing excellent Grapes, but the others were weak.

Eight dishes, £6, £5, £4, £3, £2 being oft'ered as
prizes, brought seven competitors. Mr. Hunter was
again placed easily 1st, showing Golden Queen and
Gros Maroc Grapes, Be.st-of-AU Melon, Smooth
Cayenne Pine, Goshawk Peaches. Souvenir du
Congres Pears, Worcester Pearmain Apple, and
White Magnum Bonum Plum, each excellent of its
kind. Mr. R. Westcott, gr. to the Duke of Cleve-
land, Raby Castle, was 2nd with good examples ;
Mr. J. Mclntyre, gr. to Mrs. G. Pease, Woodside,
Darlington, was 3rd.

Four dishes, Pines excluded. — In this class nine
competed. Mr. Westcott being 1st, The Muscat of
Alexandria and Blacfe Hamburgh Qrapes shown,

although small, were of excellent quality. Mr. R.
Parker, gr. to J. Corbett, Esq., Impney Hall, Droit-
wich, Worcester, was 2nd.

Six dishes of hardy fruit grown out-of-doors
brought seven entries, Mr. J. Short, gr. to Arthur
Pease, Esq.. Hummers Knott, Co. Durham, was Ist ;
2nd. Mr. Westcott.

Six bunches of Grapes, not less than three
varieties. — Mr. J. Witherspoon, Red Rose Vineries,
Chester-le-Street, was easily 1st, staging by far the
best Grapes obser^'cd, consisting of Black Alicante,
Alnwick Seedling, Gros Maroc ; Mr. Hunter was
2nd, his best being Cannon .Hall Muscat, and Gros
Maroc ; Mr. Mclndoe 3rd. Nine competed.

Black Hamburgli Grapes. — This competition
brought fourteen pairs of bunches, the quality of
which generally was inferior to that of any other
Grapes in the show. Mr. Mclndoe and Mr.
Goodacre were placed 1st and 2nd.

Mr. Witherspoon scored 1st honours with two
bunches of Black Alicante ; Mr. Heslop, gr. to J. J.
Allison, Esq., Roker, Sunderland, 2nd. Mr. J.
Mclndoe. with large bunches and berries, slightly
rubbed, was 1st for any other black variety; Mr.
Hunter 2nd. For two bunches white Muscat eight
competitors entered, Mr. Hunter being 1st, with
Cannon Hall, and Mr. Westcott 2nd. Amongst four
competitors Mr. Heslop was 1st for Buckland Sweet-
water ; while Mr. W. Carnick, gr. to E. H. Pigott,
Esq., Saltwell Grove, Gateshead, was 2nd. For two
bunches of any other white Grape Mr. Hunter staged
Trebbiano for 1st place ; while Mr. Mclndoe had
Foster's Seedling. The last-named exhibitor was
1st for heaviest bunch, with a small one of Gros
Guillaume.

Pines.— Mr. C. Bull, gr. to Sir R. Buller, V.C,
Downs, Crediton, Devon, had the best Pine-apple.

Melons.— Among twenty-five Melons staged, Mr.
Geo. Corbett, gr. to John Liddell, Esq., Benwell
Hall, was 1st, with an unnamed green-flesh variety ;
2nd, Mr. Heslop, with William Tillery.

Peaches and Nectarines. — Fifteen dishes of Peaches
were staged, the best being Violette Hative (fine)
from Mr. P. Blanehard, gr. to Dr. C. J. Gibb, Sandy-
ford Road, Jesmond ; 2nd, Mr. F. Nicholas, gr. to the
Earl of Zetland, Upleatham Yorkshire. Mr. Good-
acre secured 1st honours with highly-coloured fruit
of Pine-apple Nectarine ; 2nd, Mr. W. Jenkins, gr.
to B. Cochrane, Esq., Aldin Grange, Durham.

Mr. J. Short had the best dish of Apricots, a small
one of Gros Peche.

Miscellaneous Fruits. — Amongst twelve competi-
tors for Cherries. Mr. Mclndoe had the 1st prize with
Bigarreau Napoleon — very fine ; iMr. P. Blair, gr. to
the Duke of Sutherland, Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent,
was 2nd, with Morello, also of fine quality. Dessert
Apples were best shown by Mr. Short, and Mr.
Parker staged the best kitchen Apples. Mr. Hunter
had the best twelve Pears in four varieties. Tomatos
were a strong feature, as many as thirteen com-
peting. Mr. Mclndoe was 1st with medium-sized,
even, round ones of Hackwood Park.

Table Decorations and Cut Flowers. — These, as
before stated, were staged in large numbers, and of
excellent quality.

Twenty-four Dahlias, distinct fancies excluded.
The sum of £6 and the Wood Jubilee Memorial
Silver Medal was offered as 1st prize in this com-
]5etition. Mr. J. Spoor, Musgrove Cottage, Low
Fell, Gateshead, was placed 1st with specimens,
large, full, and of good form, the best being W. Raw-
lings. Mrs. Langtry. Clara, and Gladstone ; Mr.
N. Walker, florist, Gateshead, was 2nd. Eight com-
peted.

Twenty-four Hollyhocks, not less than twelve
varieties. — £4 was offered for 1st prize ; this brought
together ten collections, the best coming from Mr.
G. Finlay. gr. to Mrs. M. Proud, East Layton Hall,
for full, thougli not large, but fresh and good in
colour ; Mr. A. Ferguson, gr. to W. D. Forster, Esq.,
North Middleton, 2d.

Gladioli. — Messrs. Harkness, nurserymen, Bedale,
Yorkshire, had the best eighteen spikes, of extra good
quality; Mr. A. G. Brown, gr. to Mrs. Barnes, Whit-
burn, was 2nd.

Twenty-four Roses, not less than twelve varieties.
^—Messrs. J. Cocker & Sons, nurserymen, Aberdeen,
were easily 1st, with very fine blooms for the season
— Her Majesty, Marechal Niel, Due de Rohan, and
Thomas Mills, being the best; Messrs. Harkness
were 2nd, with much smaller flowers.

Hardy heibacbous flowers. — Five capital collec-
tions of eighteen varieties made a feature of the show.

Eight plants in bloom, distinct. — Mr. Letts was
1st, staging AUamanda grandiflora, Erica Parmen-
tieriana rosea, f). Jacksoni, and E, Marnockiana

318

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Beftembee 10, 1887.

Ixora Williamsu, and Dipladenia amabilie, all freely
flowered and fresh. Mr. Thos. Suffield, gr. to Mrs.
Kitching, Elenfield. Darlington, was 2nd, staging
Oncidium fle.xnosum with three dozen spikes, Dipla-
denia amabilis, and Clerodendron Balfourianum, all
well flowered and fresh.

Eight foliage plants. — Mr. Letts was again 1st,
with fine specimens of Kentia Fosteriana, Steven-
sonia grandiflora, Cycas revoluta, and Croton
angustifolius. Mr. A. Methvin, gr. to T. Lange,
Esq., Heathfield House, Gateshead, 2nd, with smaller
plants.

Groups. — Equal 1st prizes were awarded to Mr.
Mclntyre and Messrs. Clark Bros. & Co., Carlisle, for
groups of miscellaneous plants arranged for effect in
a space not exceeding 20 feet by 10 feet ; the foliage
plants consisting of Crotons, Dracoenas, &c., era-
ployed in both groups were capitally grown for the
purpose, but flowering plants lacked in number and
quality, while the pots in both gi-oups were too
plainly visible.

Exotic Ferns were shown capitally by Mr. H.
.Tohnstone, gr. to E. B. Hodgkin, Esq., Elen Ridge,
Darlington, Davallia Mooreana being especially note-
worthy. In another class for six Ferns, nurserymen
being e.xcluded, Mr. F. Nicholas was 1st, with healthy
fine specimens.

Enquiries.

" ffe that guestioneth miich shall learn flii/c/t."— Bacon.

Flower Perfcties.— On p. 852 (No. 1811) of the
Society of Arts Journal Consul Mason says : — " One
essential principle in perfume culture is, that all
fancy and 'improved' varieties of flowers are dis-
carded, and the natural, simple, old-fashioned kinds
are exclusively grown. The Rose on the slopes of
SeiUans are the common pink ones, and the single
wild Violet is preferred to all, the larger artifi-
cially developed varieties." 1 have copied, however,
the 'following from the Kew Guide, p. 141 :— " The
origin of the common Damask Rose (R. Damascena)
is unknown; the petals of its double form are the
great source of attar of Roses in India and else-
where ; " and I am at a loss to understand what the
practice among manufacturers really is. Will some of
the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle kindly give
me some information, or point out where I may read
for myself? G.S.N.

" Harrison's Floriccltoral Cabinet ;" " Mah-
nock's Floricoltural Magazine ;" " Moore and
Ayre's Companion to the Flower Garden." —
The date of the last publication of these magazines
is required. Can any reader obligingly furnish par-
ticulars? The Lindley Library is not so rich in
such publications as it ought to be. Historian.

Notices to Correspondents.

Alpine Plants : E. J. The matter shall receive

our attention.
Antirrhinum and French Marigolds : M. Both
good, but we have seen many better at the London
shows.

Bedding Violas and Phloxes ; C. B. and G. 'The
flowers had all faded by the time the communica-
tion reached us. The colours of both sorts were
very bright and clear, and seemed to have stood
well through the drv season.

Begonias: Constant Reader. See Baines' Greenhou^
Plants and Nicholson's Bictionari/ of Gardening.

Books : Primrose. Botany for Beginners, and Plant
Life, Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Bouverie Street,
London, E.G.

Cocctibee: C. T., Tong Hall. We never saw the
like before. We intend to give an illustration of
it shortly, and defer our comments for the present.

Earwigs: G. W. U. There is nothing equal to
placing in their way short lengths of any hollow
stems — Cow-Parsnip, Bamboo, Broad Beans — to
catch these marauders. The traps must be ex-
amined daily, and the contents blown out of them
and destroved.

Gardeners' Agency : Honneur avant tout. There is
much to be said for and against. The price asked
is, we should imagine, much too high for success.

" Gkrhax Flora : " C. H. To b<! obtained through

Messrs. Williams & Norgate, Henrietta Street,
Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Gourd : G. E. B. A variety from Valparaiso, very
good when ripe, and better adapted for field than
garden culture. Does not grow so quickly as the
commoner Vegetable Marrows.

Grapes : W. S. B. The decay in the stalks of the
bunches of your Grapes is not what is termed
" shanking," but has resulted from pure damp, and
possibly some injury to the stalks at one time.

HoLLT Propagation : 6. B. H. The common Holly
is usually raised from seeds sown thinly in beds
during March. Collect the berries when ripe, and
arrange these in layers, with a layer of sand be-
tween each, in the open air ; two or three times
during winter turn over the mass, to promote
decomposition of the pulp ; sow in from twelve to
eighteen months after being collected. Propaga-
tion by cuttings is not usually resorted to, although
with such a method we have been very successful,
and by proceeding as follows: — In the month of
August select nice plump shoots of the season,
and insert these in sharp sandy soil, either in a
frame or under a hand-glass. They must be kept
moderately moist, well shaded, and be allowed but
little ventilation until the following May, when
during growth — or, rather, as soon as growth com-
mences—plenty of air should be given. For filling
up gaps in hedges we would advise you to raise a
supply from seeds, as being usually more satis-
factory than propagating from cuttings, although
the latter method is the most speedy.

Names OF Fruit : C. McBonald. Pear: 1, Peche.
Plum : one of the Orleans class, cannot tell from
a solitary fruit. Apples : not yet developed ; 3 may
be Alfr'iston, 6, Braddick's Nonpareil. Fruit
should be sent when ripe. — J. Hill. We cannot
with any certainty name Plums from tlie fruit
alone. Those you send are, no doubt, purely local
sorts. The smaller is some variety of the Dam-
son.—ParroH Bros. Yorkshire Beiiuty.— OW Sub-
scriber. Apples: 1, Irish Peach; 2, Winter Haw-
thornden ; 3, Dutch Codlin. Pears : 4, Vicar of
Winkfield ; 5, Beurrfi Sterckmans ; 6, Beurre
d'Amanlis.

Names of Plants: Old Suiscribcr. Aristolocliia
sipho.— i. S. 1, Populus alba (White Poplar) ; 2,
an Alder, we cannot tell which from such a scrap ;
3, 4, 5, 7, 11, are varieties of Holly, which we can-
not spare time to look up — ask some nurseryman ;
6, Thuia borealis, or nutkaensis ; 8, Tansy (Tana-
cetum vulgare) ; 9, Thuia plicata; 10, Retinospora
plumosa ; 12, Spirsea opulifolia ; 13, Hesperis
matronalis ; 14, Aralia manshurica ; 15, Walnut.
— /., Ballgmena. Senecio sarracenicus. — B. H. I'.
Apparently Rubus odoratus, but the scrap was
shrivelled when received. — E. H. C. Pyrus cre-
nata. See figure in Gardeners' Chronicle, Januaiy
3, 1874.— ir. B. Solidago is S. canadensis.—^. H.
Kcclreuteria paniculata. — E. 8. 1, Pilea muscosa,
the Artillery Plant ; 2, Blechnum polypodioides ; 3,
Onychium lucidum ; 4, Begonia nitida ; 5, Bego-
nia raetallica ; 6, Begonia argyrostigma. — H. B.
1, Haemanthus coccineus ; 2, Aloe plicatilis.

Removal of Nuesery Stock : W. F. In the absence
of any stipulation to the contrary, you are quite
justified in removing nursery stock.
Tomato Fungus : Reader. The same that affects
the Potato. Cut all affected leaves away, and
burn.
To Remove Herbaceous Plants : A. W. Now. and
in October.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

DoEiE & Mason, 66, Deansgate, and 22, Oak Street,

Manchester — Bulbs, &c.
Arthur Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, London —

Flower Roots.
Thosias Butcher, Station Road, South Norwood,

London, S.E — Roses and Bulbs, &c.
T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenliam —

Bulbs, Hardy Perennials. &c.
Ben Reid & Co., Aberdeen— Dutch Flower Roots.
R. Cleavee, Bore Street, Lichfield — Bulbous Roots,

&c.
Carter & Co., 237 and 238, High llolborn, London

—Bulbs, &c.
Baee & Son, 12, King Street, Covent Garden —

Bullis and other Plants.
T. M'Kenzie & Sons (Limited). 212, Great Bruns-
wick Street, Dublin— Dutch Flower Roots.
R. Nkal, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common —

Cape, Dutch, and other Bulbs, Vegetable and
Flower Seeds, &c.

T. Kennedy & Co., 106 to 108, High Street, Dum-
fries— Dutch Flower Roots.

J. Wateeee & Sons, Bagshot, Surrey— American
Plants, Coniferous Trees and Shrubs.

J. T. Tompkins & Co., St. Albans— Dutch Bulbs,
New Bulbous and other Plants.

J. Yates, Underbank and Royal Oak Mills, Stock-
port— Bulbs, Flowering Roots, and Roses.

Communications Received. — Professor Riley. — J. B. — W. B
—A. K.— B. F.— J. R.. Paris.— E. J.— A. S.— R. & A. M.—
W. W.— J. W.— P. B.~W. F<iwcett, Jamaica.— O.— Baron &
Mueller, Melbourne.— Dr. Cleghorn.— E. O. J.— J. H. Hart,
Trinidad. — G. S. J., British Guiana.— M. D. — Q., Demerara,
with photo (many thanks).— W. M. H., Emergo.— J. G. N.—
Stuart & Mein. — G. B. W. — M. J. — General Benson (next
week).— L. H. K.— Young Gardener.— S. H.— J. R. P. & Sons.
—J. C— H. E.— J. M.— H. R.— J. R. C— T. L.— W. C— E. A.
K.— F. A. F.— E. H. J.— P. B.— J. J. W.— Chrysanthemum.
—Butler.— J. Swailes.— W. C.

The Weather.

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and ia expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number o£ hours.]

Above
below the
Mean for

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

0. Scotland, N.

1. Scotland. E.

2. England, N.E.

3. England, E.

4. Midland Cos.

5. England, S.

Principal Grazing. &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland. W. ...

7. England, N.W....

8. England, S.W. ...

9. Ireland, N.
10. Ireland, S.

— Channel Islands

Temperature.

0 (a

2 above
1 above

0 (aver.)

1 above

0 (aver)

1 below
1 below

Accumulated.

4- 202
-I- 235
4- 227

Day-

+ 166
-H 151

+ 96 -f 47
+ 102; -f- 118
-I- 95+ 172
+ 257|-»- 23
+ 184 -1- 97
-I- 79+ 77

Rainfau:..

BRiaHT
Sunshine.

DISTBIOTS.

h.

o.S

^1

1,1
6

hi

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

6 more

151

35.8

29

25

1. Scotland, E. ...

13 more

113

15.1

25

34

2. England, N.E. ...

3 more

100

9.7

28

35

3. England, E. ...

6 more

9i

11.0

39

43

4. Midland Cos, ...

10 more

89

12.1

30

39

5. England, S.

14 more

87

12.4

30

42

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

16 more

lis

2.'?.9

28

37

7. England, N.W....

12 more

04

14.9

22

39

8. England, S.W....

11 more

92

13.9

2.i

48

0. Ireland, N.

20 more

119

20.5

U

35

to. Ireland. S.

12 more

101

17.9

29

42

— Channel Islands

8 more

103

13.8

37

53

Septembek 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

319

MEAN TEMPEKATUBE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DtTK-
ING THE WEEK ENMNQ SEPT. 17. (AVERAGE OF
FOKTY-THKEE YEARS.)

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Sept. 5, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been dull, unsettled, and very
rainy in all parts of the kingdom.

"The temperature has continued a little above the
mean in some of the English and Scotch districts,
while in others it has just equalled its normal value
for the season, but in Ireland a slight deficit is shown.
The highest of the maxima, wliich were recorded on
August 30, varied from G4''in ' Scotland, N.,'and 65°
in ■ Scotland, W.,' to 75° in ' England, E.' The
minima were generally rather high for the season, in
many cases ranging from between bb'^ and 60°. To-
wards the end of the period, however, they became
lower, and varied from 40° in ' Scotland, N.' and
'Ireland. N.,' to 50° in 'England, E.' and 'Eng-
land, S.' In the ' Channel Islands ' the lowest
reading was 55°.

" The rainfall has been more than the mean over
the entire kingdom, the excess being very consider-
able at all, excepting the north-eastern and eastern
English stations.

" Bright sunskine shows a very decided decrease in
duration, the percentage of the possible number of
hours ranging from seventeen in ' Ireland, N.,' to 39
in ' England, E.' "

;Market8.

CO VENT GASDEN, September 8.

We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Prices lower all round, with dull trade. James
Webber, }Vholesale Apple Market.

Fkiht.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d. I s. d. s.d.

^sieve ... 1 3- 3 6 Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
^-sieve ...16-4 0 Melons, each ... 0 6-10

per lb. ... 0 9- 1 6 Peaches, dozen ...10-6 0
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 6- 0 9 Pine-apples, Eng.. lb. 10-30
Kent Cobs, 100 lb... .45 0- ... | —St. Michael, each 2 0-50

Vegetables — Average Retail Prices.

Apple;
Plums

Artichokes, p. doz.... 4 0- ...
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle
Cucumbers, each
Endive, per dozen
Green Mint, bunch,
Herbs, per bunch .
Leeks, per bunch ,
Lettuce, per dozen .
Lettuce, Cos., each.

16-20
0 6-10
3 0- ...

. 0 4- ...
.0 3-...
.30-50
.0 3-...

0 4- .
4 0- .
0 6- .
i 6- .
4 0- ;

punnet
Onions, per bushel
Parsley, per bunch
Peas, per quart
Potatos, per cwt.

,, kidney, percw
Shallots, per lb.
Spinach, per bushel,
Sprue, bundle
Tomatos, per lb.
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8-
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2-

, to ;

0 3- .
3 6- .

1 0- .
0 9- .

Plants ts Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Balsams, per dozen... 3
Capsicum, dozen ... 5
Chiysanthem., dozen 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
DracEena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9

0-18 0 Foliage plants, va
0- 6 0 i ous, each ...
0-6 0 Fuchsias, doz.
0-9 0 Heliotrope, dozen

Hvdrange

Li'iii

... 2 0-10 0
...3 0-9 0
...40-80
... 9 0-lJ 0

per dozen

Ferns, in! var., doz,
Fic«3 elastica, each .

dozen 6 0-12 0

— lancifolium, per

dozen 6 0-18 0

Mignonette, doz. ... 4 0- 6 0
Myrtles, per dozen... ti 0-12 0
t> u-18 u . Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0
j Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-12 0
6 0-24 0 ! — scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60
4 0-18 0 — I\-y-leaved, doz. 2 0-40
16-70, ScentedVerbena.doz. 40-60

Cdt Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons. 12 bun ... ;
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. i
Asters, 12 bunches.,. :

— French, per bun. :
Bouvardias, per bun. i
Carnations, 12 blms. (

— dozen hunches... ;
Chrysanth., 12 bun. :

— large, 12 blooms :
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen :
Gardenias. 12 blooms .'
Heliotropes, 12 spr. (
Jasmine, white, bun. i

longiflonim,

0-4 0
0-5 0
0- 4 0
0-2 0
6- 1 0
6-10
i>- 6 0
0- 6 0
0-4 0
0-2 0
0-4 0

Lavender, 12 bun. ... 4 i
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 <
Mignonette. 12 bun. 0 i
Myosotis, 12 bun. ... 3 (
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 t

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 ;
Primulas, double, 12

sprays ... ... 0 E

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 (
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 f

— coloured, dozen. 0 t

— red, perdozen ... 0 .'

— Saffrano, dozen... 0 t
Stephanotis, 12 spr.

SEEDS.

London: Sept. 7. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, E.G.,
WTite that the samples offiiring of new Clover seeds do
not at present meet with attention. For those kinds
of seeds required for immediate sowing;, namely, early
and late Trifolium, Rye-grass, Mustard, Rape seed,
Kye, &c., there is a brisk demand at last week's cur-
rencies. Hemp and Canary seed sell slowly on former
terms. Winter Vetches are this season good and
cheap. Blue Peas realise late prices. In other
articles there is no change to be noted.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended Sept. 3:— Wheat, 29s. 11^.; Barley, 27s. 3(1.;
Oats. 15s. 6^. For the corresponding week in 1886 :
—Wheat, 335. Id. ; Barley, 25s. 4d. ; Oats, 19s. Sd.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London) : Sept. 7. — Good supplies
of all kinds of fruit and vegetables. Large quantity
of fallen fruit at market. Quotations ; — Fruit :
Apples, eating, 2s, to 4s. per bushel ; cooking do.,
Is. 6d. to 3s. do.; Pears, 2s. to 4s., do., Green
Gages, 2s. Gd, to 3s. per half-sieve ; coloured
Plums, 25. to 2s. Gd. do. ; yellow Egg Plums,
Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Tomatos, 2s. to 3s. per
dozen pounds. Vegetables: Cabbages, 4s, to 6s. per
tally; Vegetable Marrows. 9f^. to Is. 3f^. per dozen;
French Beans, 3s, Gd. to 4s. per sieve ; Scarlet do.,
35. Gd. to 4s. Gd. do. ; frame Cucumbers, 25. 6c?. to
3s. Gd. per dozen ; field do., Gd. to Is. do. ; English
Onions, 4s, to 4s, Gd. per cwt. ; foreign do,, 35. to 45.
per bag of 110 lb, ; Greens, Is. Gd. to 25. per dozen
bunches ; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 35. do, ; Carrots, 25. to
2s. 3d. do. ; Parslev, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Mint, Is. to
25. do;

Stratford : Sep/cmbcr 7. — Trade and supply have
been good. Quotations : — Cabbages, 5s. to 65. Gd.
per tally ; Carrots, household, 5s. per cwt. ; Man-
gels (new), 27s. to 32s. per ton; Onions, Dutch,
5s. to 65. per "bag ; Apples, English, Ss. to os. Gd. per
bushel; do. American, 2s.; Watercress, Gd. per
dozen : Pears, 3s. to 5s. per sieve ; Plums, 2s, Gd. to
4s, Gd. per half-sieve ; Green Gages, 85. per sieve ;
Cucumbers, Dutch, Is. per dozen ; do. frame, 45. do.';
Tomatos, 3s. perMozen pounds ; Beetroot, Gd. to dd.
per dozen ; Scarlet Runners, 5s. per bushel ; Marrows,
2s, to 2s, Gd. per dozen ; Carrots, 4s. per doz. bunches ;
Turnips, 4s. Gd. to 5s. do. ; Parsley, Ss. do.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : Sept. 6.— The market
is fairly supplied, but really good qualities comprise
only a small portion. These are firm, but all other
grades dull of sale. Quotations : — Regents, 90s. to
120s. ; Hebrons, 100*. to 140s. ; Early Roses, 80s. to
100s. per ton.

Stratford : Sept. 7. — Quotations: — Early Rose,
90s. to lOCs. ; Beauty of Hebron, 95s. to 110s. ;
Magnum Ronums, 70s. to lOOs. per ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 126 bags from Am.sterdam, 1 from
Rotterdam, 295 from Hamburgh, and 5 cases from
Bordeaux.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 80s, to
102s. Gd. ; inferior, 60s. to 84s. ; hay, prime, 705.
to 95s. ; inferior, 505. to 75s. ; and straw, 28s. to 42s.
per load.

"r\UTCH BULBS.

T^IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT. ROOZEN AND SOTC, Nurserymen,
Overveen, near Haarlem. Holland.
Intending; purchasers of DUTCH BULBS are invited to read
ANT. ROOZEN and SON'S CATALOGUE for 18S7. and see the
large saving effected bv Dealing direct with the Grower.
The Catalogue, containing details of their immense Collections
of New, Eare. and Fine Bulbs and Plants, and also particulars
as to Free Delivery, will be sent, post-free, on application
to them, or to their Agents, MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross
Lane. St. Mary-at-Hill, London. E.G.

^n nnn clematis, m Pots, of an the

OV/^VV'\/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^inr-h pots, 2s. 60.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester,

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READINC.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6d. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. 6d. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO., Famboro' Station, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE KEFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 255. : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40.?. : 4-bushel bags. 4d. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. ad. per sack ; 5 sacks,
2.5s. ; sacks. 4d. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
4d. each.

COARSE SLLVEK SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton. in 2-bushel bags, 4d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack.

M-INUKES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Gold.imith-8 Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17i, Coal Yard), W.C.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

bv innumerable unsolicited Testimonials. Rhododendron PEAT,
LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FIBRE, CHARCOAL, &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials,

EPPS & CO., E.INGWOOD, HANTS.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Twu Pkizk Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... .'is. per sack ; 6 sacks for 22s. 6d,

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. 6rf. „ 5 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ...

PREPARED COMPOST, best

LEAF MOULD, best only

PEAT MOULD,

SIL\'F:E sand, coarse. Is. ed. per bush.. 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFLA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... Sd: lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) Sd. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 6s. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PEEFECT"FER-'i In baj;s.

TILISER. the Best Food for ( . ' ^

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 561b. I cwt.
Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CEUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. ed. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE EEFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. :
30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

St I Is.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised bv Itj.oOO of the Nobilitv. Gentrv,
and'Clersv, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WOIIK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatories, &c.
Prices. Patterns, and Testimonials. Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, B.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN Discount for Ccah.

320

THE GJRDENESS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 10, 1887.

NEAV ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS of all descriptions, EAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAG imrt PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MAEENDAZ and FISHER. 9 and
10, .Tames Street, Coveiit Gr ' '" "

, W.C.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider. Thrip. Mealy

Buy. Caterpillars, d,c., dc.
PERFECTLY ) *" ""^ Hands and Skin, hnt will cure
U«DMlEce I H'";""™'" '^'''™''''' """1 »" Diseases
nHKniLto& ; pniilueed by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A oombinntion of ITvdrnr.irlioii ' )il^, m i,1m -nlnM.' in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the P.oots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Cliemists, Is. 6d. 2b. 6d. & in.ei;

4gaUon7s.6d. 1 pdl.in l-'s. lid, orles,in Im^.-r 'lUiULtities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wh.il-il.'! IIm.iiim-. \-l'..., r,,i:i:v,S,.i-FR, I.',,u-,FU,VCi. ■
C. E. (i-«\N .V r., , ;,n.l fTMinulltli.' Loiidui] s.cd Mer-
chants ;illd -Wlinl, ..■,:.. I';,l..nt JIlilKlllr llnUsrS X LVf

YORK— H.ji.KEr. i: Su.ss.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

77iro>is (I fine
■yn-iii/ '20 ft., mid
tijrl ZQ ft., ivith
great force.

A splendid
substitute for the
Syringe for using
Insecticide, Price
25s. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45s.
Carriage Paid.

HUGHES'

t APHICIDE

^ffe 1/6

,•„■■ \- ' , Free
%>n1 Is. 8d.

HUGHES'

GREEN&cREAW COLOR SHADING

ronveiii.iit, III. xi-uiv.' - i:;,-ily .■q,|,l„.d-].asts all the

Sumiuri, firul i-m fli.n I i:Uy w;i-|jr ,1 ,,11. Is,, piist 1 3.

For FLvini; Bloom of -VzaUas, |_| ■ ■ ^M_| ^O >
&o., and tor Cut Flowers. H \J ^fl Ctd

FLORAL CEIVIENT.

A ^eat boon \<- Florists and all lovera of Flowers. Dries
instantly. HoLl in Ijuttk-s, Is. & 23. Per post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventintr Vines Bleeding: after I'mmng:,

Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottk s l.i; and 2 6. Per jxjst, 3d. extra.

?™-.,^',::i;;;ij;!;Jr:':^,:::;^^™:';::: HUGHES'
TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most ettratudl in (; nhoueeg.-fur AnimaU and Bed

Clutliiu);. Price, ud,. Is. & 2/6. Per post 8d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HU&HES, "^S^Si^

V'pTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANOHEgTeB

pEAT — PEAT — PEAT. —

J- \'ery superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester.
Mount Mascal Estate, fir'orth Cr.iy. Kent.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticukin-al Requisite.

BEN.IAMDf FIELD, F.R.B.S. (-Son-m-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a, Queen Victoria
Street, E.C., near M.nnsion Hous« Station. Dep6t: Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegrams—" Floriculturb. London." Established 18.54.

QUSSEX and BEDFSRDSHIRE SILVER

kj SANDS. Sussei, Kent, a«dH,impshire PEATS. Sussex
and Surrey Loams. Rockerv. Stooa, &c.. for Sale at moderate quo-
tations.— W. SHORT. Horticultural Company.Midhurst.Sussex.

WASPS !

Ask 5 our C hem 1 t
for thi INM <\r
ANEOLb DE^ril
TO \\ ASPS s 1 1
^\ hole salt h>E\l
CLA\ AND b(i\
Farriugdon Street
London E C Price
2s brf and ■!% brf

WASPS I

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 18.i9 against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips. Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to a ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 oungesaswinterdressingfor Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and io lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived Biany preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes. Is.. 3s., aud 10s. Qd.

/?J_ISnURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on

VX wet ground. Boxes, lod. and Is., from the Trade,
Wholes,ile from PRICES PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

MARQUEES.— Second-hand, at low prices, to
clear this season. A number of Second-hand small
.M:ir(|uees. from 20x13 feet to 3.5xl7feet. suitable for Clubs.
Schools, or private use, in excellent condition, nearly as good
a-s new. -A few larger Marquees also for Sale ; also CANVAS
for Awnings or Booth Covers. Prices on application to

BENJAMIN EDGINGTON (Limited), 2, Duke Street, London
Bridge, E.C.

AFTER SEASON SALE.

■L\. GARDEN HOSE.

WATER BARROWS.
PORTABLE PUMPS.
GARDEN ENGINES.
HOSE REELS and FITTINGS.
LAWN FOUNTAINS.
EXTENSION LADDERS.

ENORMOUS DISCOUNTS.

To make room for Winter Stock of Fire Escapes and

Fire Engines.
T. H. HEATHMAN and CO., 2, Endell Street, Long Acre,

Londo;

, W.C.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NF,\V SEASONS AKCHANGF,], .MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

I;AF1'IA (Fi-csh Arrival).

■SPECIAL IJinTATlOys on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135. COMMERCIAL STREET. LONDON. E

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lewest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

U. ■.\d. each ;
1U..-U....I H..|-v\„l.-, I'lp..^. itlr.-i l.'iifi. 4i-. tin', each.

I I'll ///!<,.!), i/.rf Jiuistd Price /.IS/ oiinpjiKciitwn,

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.O.

W H LASCELLES and CO will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICUXTURAL WORK, free of charge, and
send competent assistants when necessary

LASCELLES' N^EW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, BunhiU Bow, London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application.

POKTABLE CT7CUMBEB FBAMES.

RII A L L I D A Y AND CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cut-umber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazetl and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ x. d.

2-light frame. 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p<.^vr.<, ( 3 10 0
3-lightframe, 12feetby6feet>„"^''f ^„< 5 5 0
6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet ] ^^^* "®^ | 10 0 0
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON.

.IHNCIIKSTKK.

London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

BOULTON & PAUL'S
CUCUMBER FRAMES

Are alwav* in =;tiiik. rr.iilv in h.-" '■eiit off on receipt of order.
They are made of best sound red deal, sawn from the best trees
in the forest to our own requirements, and seasoned in a proper
manner. The FRAMES are of l^-inch boards, 24 inches high
at back, and 13 inche-s high in front, bolted at the comers,
easily taken to pieces if required. The LIGHTS are 2 inches
thick, with iron bar across and one handle at the top, and
the whole painted four coats. The glass is ENGLISH 21-0?:.
weight. PACKED and sent CARRIAGE PAID to any statioa
in England aud Wales, also to Dublin, Belfast. Londonderry,
Cork, Glasgow, and stations equivalent.

" " ' ■ full when returned.

No. ;o. -Cucumber and Melon Frame, ah size:

CASH PRICES,

INCLUDING THE USE OF PACKING CASES.
Length. Width.
2-LIGHT FRAME 8 feet by 6 feet ...

3 „ , 12 feet by 6 feet ...

4 „ 16 feet by 6 feet ...

5 ,, 20 feet by 6 feet ...

6 ,. 24 feet by 6 feet ...

Smaller frames are made. See LISTS, post-frt

CATALOGUES

Price.
£3 5 0
4 12 6

of Greenhouses, Heatiiii.' .\i>].:ir,il i

variety. Garden Implcni >, \\\,u

thing required for Gardens mid I'h
alu.lic,

mien Frames in every
t-i, Pumps, and every-
) Grounds, post-free oa

»ipt of particulars.

ESTIM.VTES for Greenhouses free c

LADIKS nn.l GENTLEIMEN waited upoa by appointment

jiDYiKuton-he Kingdom.

NORWICH.

SlSMEMBEH 10, 1887.]

THE GAUDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

321

'THE CAMBRICS OF ROBINSON & CLEAVER HAVE A "WORLB-WIDE TATa.E."—T/ie Queen, He Ladj/'s Newspaper.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S

CAMBRIC

IRISH

* HAXDKI

CAMBRIC

[IKERCHIEFS. H.'mmeJ for
-Children's. Is. 2d.; Ladies'. 2a. 4}d.
len's. 3S. 6d. : Hemstitched, per dozen— Ladiea', 2S. ll^d, ;
eiits'. 4s. lid. Send for samples, po3t-fi ■ " " ■

POCKET IRISH MADE SHIRTS.— Best quality Long-cloth Bodie

'. AH I'ure Flax. * fold all Linen Fronts and Cutfs. 3BS. 6d. tlie half-doze

, to Belfast.

special Indiana Gauze, Printed Shirtings, and unshrinkable Flannels for the season.
Price Lists, and fuller information, post-free. Old SblrtS made as good as ne'W,
niateriaU, at a trifling cost.

IRISH LINEN COLLARS AND CUFFS.-

* Collars— Ladies' ami Chilrirens three-foUi. 33. 6d. per dozen; Gentlemen
four-fold, 48. lid. to 53, lid. per dozen. Cuffs for Ladies, Gentlemen, an
Children, 68. lid. to lOs. 9d. per dozen.

" Their Irish Linen Collars, Cuffs. Shirta, &c.. have the merits of excellent
and cheapness."— Cowrt Circular. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

TRISH DAMASK TABLE LINEN.— Fish Napkin_s, 2s.Gd. per dozen. _ Dinner Napkins, 4s.Gd.

* per dozen. Table Cloths, 2 yards square, 2s.

POCKET

IRISH LINENS, — Real Irish Linen Sheeting, fully

* bleached, 2 yards wide, la. Hd. per yard ; 2^ yards wide, 28. 4.Jd. per yard
(the most durable article made). Koller Towelling. 18 inches wide, S^d. per yard.
Surplice Linen, 7d. per yard. Dusters. Is. lO^d. per dozen. Glass Cloths,
4S, 4d. per dozen. Fine Linens and Linen Diapers. 8^d. per yard. Nursery
Diaper, 5|d. per yard. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.

HANDKERCHIEFS

By Special Appointments to H.M. tlie Queen and
H.I. and R.H. the Crown Princess of Germany.

domestic- Water- SugglY

RIDER'S PBtent HOT AIR

I Household Pumping engin

with patent

Cost of
, raising

10 0 0 Gaim®

80 ft. High |

One PENNY.g

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BinLDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

and that 1

Conaervatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct -without the assistance of any one out of our finn,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-watCF Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilere, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

MODERATE CHARGES.

Our Maxim is and always has been—
FIRST-CLASS WORK.

THE BEST MATERIALS.

WHY PAY HIGH PRICES,

When you can pwchase a ihoroughhj good and sound Champagne for

30/-DOZEH. GEVENCEY. 30/-

DOZEN.

SOLE AGENTS:-

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,
99, GEESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

OLD-ESTABLISHED WINE and SPIRIT MERCHANTS and AGENTS.

DAY'S PATENT FLOWER TRAINER.

To be obtained onlj' from
W. DAY & SONS, Ironmongers, BEDFORD.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and Iths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. class in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Gla3S Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE <fe SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL an.l CdLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. John street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

stock List and Prices on applwatioa. Quote Chronicle.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6rf. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, \s, ^. per gallon in caakft of 3lj, 20, or
10 gallons.

n A TT'V TCk A7 Every cask bears the above Kegistered

"T^^*^^ '^^^^' Beware of cheap

HILL & SMITH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

BECKETT BROS.,

Horticultural Engineers, Chelmsford.

Apply for our

Special LIST of Cheap and Substantial Buildings,
POST-FREE.

322

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 10, 1887.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK ISONIVORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

Made.

4-iii Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipea tteet long, 4s. M. each;
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each.
Full Illustrated Ueoised Price List on applicafrjyn.

STEVEN BROS 8i C*
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

+. UPPER THAMES S'' LONDON .EC

HENRY HOPE,

Horticultural Builder and
^ _ Hot'icater Engineer,

^^^i ^^^^^^^^ ^^» LioJiel St., Birmingliam.

^^^■^^^■i ;==^^^^srss^sri^r^;^^ Plaos and Estimates on

___ _ _ application.

Experienced Workmen sent to any part of the Kingdom,

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages aJld packing free, and delivered to any London Statio)

100 aquaxea of Glass, quality guaranteed.

ai c

13J by 8J for lu/- for 14/-

10/-
11/-
13/-
17/8
13/-
21/-
24/-

, 8 by 6,

14/- or 300 sqnares 1

1.5/6 or 250 squares 8^ by 6^,

19/- squares, 9| by 6f, or 170 squares,

24/- 9 by 7|, or 150 squares, 10 by 8,

20/- for IDs. Carriage paid for all orders

tSi.

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for ui
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5(f. per pound. Special quotatic
given for large quantities.

J. B, ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,

14, Moor Lane. Cripplegate, London, E.G.
Eosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
( KITCHEN GAKDENS, as
they harbour no Slugs or
lusects, take up little
and once put down
further labour or expense,
do "grown" Edgings, con
quendy being much cheaper.
GAKDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. j King's Eoad, Chelsea, S.W.;

Kingsland Road, E. _

Aients for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all liiidK. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants,

See Addresses above.

SILVER SAND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

". Kl

)rde._, ,„, .

A liberal Diicouut t« the Trade.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — sticks. Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street. London. E.G.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

NORTON'Si

GAMOMSLE PILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

^:UNDIGESTIOM*<^

Seo Testimonial, selected £rom hundreds:—

CROYDON, 1885.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, I am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
" J. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. i\d., 2s. gd. and izs.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GKATEFUL-COMFOKTINQ.

COCOA

MADE ■BTITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accideut^s. Emplover's Liability, insured against by the

KAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY, 64, Comhill, London. Income, £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Oliice, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. ; Head
Office, 64, Corahill, London, E.G.

WILLIAM J. VLAN, Secretary.

Price 6d., free by post 7d. obtainable of all Booksellers,

WATER KUU NOTHING, Every House its
own Water Supply. By SHIRLEY Hibherd.
" An endless fountaiu of immortal drink.
Pouring unto us from the heavens' brink."— KEAT5.
London : E. W. ALLEN, 4, Ave Jlaria Lane, E.G.

Farms, Estates, Residences,

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpennv stamps for postage. aMreaaed" Midland Counties
Herald Oliiee, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herald
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Famis, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

TT S.— A Firm of LANDSCAPE, NURSERY,

U • and HORTICULTURAL GARDENERS in the U.S.
REQUIRES a Young MAN of experience, to take the Manage-
ment of their Landscaping Department, such as the Engineer-
inc' and Laying-out of Parks, Gardens, &c. Married man
preferred.— Apply, in first instance, with references, stating
wages required, to W., Box D60, P.O., Leeds.

ANTED AT ONCE, a HEAD AVORKING

GARDENER.— Age about 30; of good character and
experience. No extras allowed. Two assistants kept.
Locality Gravesend.— Apply, stating wages, qualifications, &c.,
to O. H. E., 57, Oracecliurch Street. E.C.

To Gardeners.

WANTED, an experienced GARDENER,
who thoroughly understands the .Management of Cows ;
Under Gardener kept. Good Wages. -S. N. O., Stafford Lodge,
Exeter.

ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER,

thoroughly competent to Manage large Fruit and
Kitchen Gardens. Must be strong, active, industrious, and
unmarried One accustomed to Grow for Market preferred.
Locality. North Devon.-Apply, stating age, wages required
and enclosing copies of testimonials, to S., Last CliH.
Teignmouth. __^^ ^

ANTED, a practical WORKING GAR-
DENER. Must be thoroughly well up in Outdoor
Musliroom Culture, Asparagus, Seakale, and Rhubarb Growing
fur .Market, as these products will be under his Management.
-State fullest particulars to T. MANWARING, Fruit and
Vegetable Grower, " Cowden," Brenchley, Kent.

WANTED, an experienced MAN, to Grow
Grapes. Peaches, Cucumbers, and Plants, chiefly for
Market. Good character essential.— Apply, stating full par-
ticulars, to F. THOMAS, Wannock, Polegate, Sussex.

WANTED, by a Lady, in an Eastern Suburb
of London, a MAN and his WIFE, without children,
the Man to take charge of a Small Garden and Greenhouse,
the Woman as Cook.— Apply in the first instance to S.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,Wcllington Street, Strand.W.G.

WANTED, a SECOND SHOPMAN, for the
Wholesale Trade. Must be experienced.— Apply by
letter onlv, stating salary and full particulars, to HOW-
CROFT AKD WATKINS, Hart Street. Govent Garden, W.C.

WANTED, a smart active man, as CLERK,
in a Seed Warehouse.- Address, stating age. salary
expected, and all particulars to SEEDSMAN, Messrs, Nutting
& Sons, 106, Southwark Street, London, S.E.

ANTED, an ASSISTANT CLERK for

the Nursery Trade for a few months.— Address, in
own handwriting, stating experience, and salary required,
SURREY. Steel & Jones. Advertising Agents, Spring Gardens,
London, S.W.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL OBDERS.— To Advertisers. Subscribers, and
Others.— It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into ivliose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B —The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many

Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements ...
ved without name, address, or anything beyond the

postmark c

yelope by which to identify the sender; this
m all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at ail. _
Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated. ^

ICH ARD SMI T H and Co7

beg to announce that they are constantly
applications fr
will be able to
«tc.— St. John-

. W.

Gardeners. Under Gardeners, Bailiffs. &c.

WM. CUT13US1I AND SUN have at the pre-
sent time on their List MEN whose characters will bear
strict investigation, and such as from their personal knowledge
can recommend as to abilities, &c.— Ladies and Gentlemen re-
iuf eitherof the above can be suited with reliable, first-clasa
by applying to Wm.CutbushSc Son. HighgateNursehe^,N.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen reqiulring Land Agents,

STEW-VRDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
sever,al of whom are personallv well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238. High Holbom. W.C.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SUNS, having filled many
important places, can RECOM.MEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rale character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for firstrrate Establishments,
or Sini'li^handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.-JOHN LAING
AND SONS. The Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E.

HE LIVERPOOL HURTICULTURAL

GO. (.Tohn Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another M,VN, who, in addition to being
a EOod General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Larga
Establishments. ^

G-< ARDENER (Hkad).— Age 27, married ;
IT thoroughly experienced in all branches of the profession.
Can be highly recommended.— .M. SLM.MONS, Rutfett Cottages,
Chipstead. Redhill. Surrey.

GARDENER (Head); age 29, married.— A
titled Lady can with every confidence recommend her
late Foreman as above. Fifteen years' experience.— G. E.,
26. Elgin Terrace, Maida Vale. W. ^

GARDENER (Head) ; age 27, married when
suited — W. Joa-\STONE, Bayham Abbey Qardena,
Lamberhnrst, Kent, can highly recommend his Forenian to
any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical Gardener.
Wages expected, about £65. with house. &c. ^^

GARDENER (Head) ; age 27, married.—
Jas. Harvey, Gardener to Jas. Watson, Esq., Mysteyns,
Ticehurst, Sussex, can with every confidence recommend his
Foreman, Charles Gregory, as a thoroughly reliable man, and
well versed in the profession ; industrious and painstaking,

ARDENER (Head) ; age 27,— G, Merbitt,

Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Dacre. Kimptoa Hoo,
Welwyn, Herts, desires to recommend his Foreman, James
Anderson. ThorouglUy practical in aU branches. Testimonials
of the highest order.

September 10, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

323

GARDENER (Head).— Age 20 ; thorough
practical knowledge of Fruit and Plant Culture under
Olas-*. and all Outdoor Work. Character will bear strict
inrestipvtion. Good references. — JOS. RICHARDSON,
Ho\vden-le-\Vcar. I'ld Darlington.

ARDENER (Head) ; married, but no
family. — Mrs. BuoO-ME, of Elmhurst, Batheaston, Bath,
wishes to recommend as Head Gardener a thoroughly prac-
tical energetic man. He was twenty-two years in the service
of the late Mr. Broome, the well-knowu botanist. — -Address as
above.

ARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly qualified

in all Horticultural Branches. Testimonials of the
highest order from leading private, exhibiting, and public
establishments. No objectiou to Ireland.— Full particulars
gladly furnished on application to PHILLIPS, 137, Victoria
Road. Aldershot, Hajits.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept.— Age 42, no family ; thoroughly prac-
tical. Fifteen years in lust place. Highest references.—
W. D. ROWE, Eastcott, Pinner.

ARDENER (Head AVobkinq).— Age 38,

married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all
branches. Two and half vears' good character, three years'
previously. — LANSON, Effingham Park, Crawley Down,
Sussex.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 28,
single; ten years' experience in the Growing of Fruit,
Flowers, and Vegetables. Ctin be well recommended as to
character and ability.— T. STACK. Treberfydd, Bwlch R.S.O.,
Breconshire.

ARDENER (Head Working). ■— Age 36,

married ; abstainer. Twenty-one years' experience in
the Cultivation of Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Melons, Cucum-
bers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Ferns, Orchids,
Roses, Chrysanthemums, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Early
and Late Forcing. Unexceptional references for abilities and
character.— WICKSON. Long Ditton Hill, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Middle-
aged, Married, no family; thoroughly experienced in
Growing of Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos,
Stove and Greenliouse Plants, Ferns, Orchids, Flowers, Fruit,
and Vegetables. Land Stock if required. Can be highly
recommended.— T. W., the Gardens, Avenue House, Church
End, Finchley, N.

ARDENER (Head Working). — J. C.

Cowley, Gardener to F. G. Tautz, Esq , Studley House.
Shepherd's Bush, will be plea.sed to recommend his Foreman,
Tliomaa Stevens, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a prac-
tical Gardener. Has had great experience with Orchids, Stove
and Greenlionse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Garden Work.
Three years' good character.— T. STE\'EN'S, Studley House,
Shepherd's Bush, W.

ARDENER (Head AVorking, or good

Single-handed). — Twenty-six years' experience. Good
references.— MORWOOD, Clayton Heights, Bradford, Yorks.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed). — Single; experienced in both Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. Total abstainer.
Disengaged.— H. TOMS. F. Pelham, Buntingford, Herts.

GARDENER (Head AA'orking, or good
Single-handed).— Good Grape Grower. Competent, all
branches. Thorougnly interested in his work. Recommended
as to capabilities. — Thirteen years' character; married, 43, no
family.— K., High Street, Stourport.

GARDENER (Head, where two or three are
kept; no objection to good Single-handed); age 31,
married, three children. — Mr. JacksoN, Gardener to J. Lee-'5,
Esq., Berry Hill, Mansfield, will be pleased to recommend his
Foreman, .T. Thomas, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
practical Gardener. Nine years' good character from present
employer.

GARDENER, where one or two others are
kept. — Age 25, married ; thoroughly understands Plant
Growing and Forcing. Twelve years' experience. Good char-
acter.—G. P., Wolverhampton House, near Reading.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him; age 36, married, four children.— A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses, Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes. Melons, Peaches, &o.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given).— Age 26, married when suited ; thoroughly
experienced.— W. B., Star and Garter Farm, Petersham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
— Age 38. married ; experienced in all branches.
Could Grow for Market. Good character. Near London.— W.,
3, Kilburn Park Road, Kilburn. N.W.

ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 24 ;

nine years' experience under Glass ; three years in present
situation. Excellent references.— J. PICKERING, Sunder-
landwick, Driffield, Yorkshire.

(^ ARDENER (Single-handed, or Help

V!X given). — Total abstainer. Understands Flower and
Kitchen Garden, Peaches, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers.
Leaving in consequence of people going away. Highest recom-
mendation. Wages, £1 and cottage.— MORLEY, Red House,
Newdegate, Dorking.

ARDENER (Second), in the Houses.—

Young; ten years' experience. Erection of Rockwork
for Ferneries, Waterfalls, &c., a specialty. Excellent testi-
monials.- H. GOULD, Twelfth Avenue, New Wortiey, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

GARDENER (Second), Indoors, in large
establisliment, orFlKSTina small.— Age 24 ; ten years'
experience and references. Permanent place preferred.—
Address, with full particulars, to W. K., 13, South Stret-t,
Hatborne, Birmingham.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; three
vears' chara<.-ter. Abstainer. Can milk.— J. UGLOW,
7, Bellamy Street. Balham, S.W.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 22; experienced,
Inside and Out. Two years in present situation. Ex-
cellent character. Total abstainer. — A. HAWKES, The
Gardens, Gosfield Hall, Halstead, Essex.

ARDENER (Under). — Age 19, steady ;

understands Glass and General Work. — Apply, stating
wages, to Lady JIARY EGERTON, Moimtfield Court, Roberts-
bridge, Sussex.

ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.— Age

21 ; seven years' experience. Good character from pre-
sent employer. — j. L., 112, Harrogate Eoad, Chapelallerton,
Leeds.

p ARDENER (Under, or WORKING FORE-

\I^ MAN).— Aged 27, single: good character from Last and
previous employer.— F. COl'ZENS. Pew Hill, Chippenham,
Wilts^

FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab-
lishment.— Age 27 ; four years in present situation. Good
character.— W. HAWKER, 49, North Koad, Highgate, N.

FOREMAN, in a private establishment. —
Has had first-class experience in large establishments.
—.7. W. WAPLEY, Chipping Sodbury, Gloucestershire.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 27 ;
twelve years' practical experience in Orchids, Fruit,
Plants, Vegetables. Good references. Bothy preferred.-
E. GRAY. St. Mary's Eoad, Eeigate.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN (Working).— Age 26; well up
in Roses, Fruits, and General Nursery Work.— NASH,
Mr. Dixon, Lee's Nursery, Feltham.

FOREMAN (General), in a private estab-
lishment.— Four and a half years' Orchid Foreman at
Downside. First-class reference for general Gardening. — F.
WHITE, Downside Gardens, Leatherhead.

FOREMAN (General, or Departmental),
in a good establishment.— Ag« 29; thirteen years' expe-
rience. Thoroughly capable. Highly-recommended from pre-
sent and previous employers.— W. K., 78, Loto Road, Chelsea,
London, S.W.

To Market Growers, &c.

FOREMAN GROWER of Fruit, Cucumbers,
Tomatos. Flowers, &c.— Age 39, married ; competent.
Highly recommended.- J. W., Steel & Co., Exotic Nursery,
Chigwell, Essex.

To Nurseiymeii.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard and
Soft-wooded Plants.— Aire 24; good references. — State
particulars to JOSEPH HOLMFS, U, Grove Street, Derby.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER (Indoors).
—Age 2.T ; ten years' experience in tirst-class establish-
ments. Good references.- J. Wl-NSER, 6, Montague Koad,
Swanley Junction. Kent.

PROPAGATOR (Second).— Age 20 ; well up
in Coniferas Clematis, Roses, &c. Four and a half years'
reference from old estalished litm. — BRIQGS, Courtlands.
Landroch Road, Tunbridge Wells.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant), Indoor. — Ex-
perienced in the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, and Cut Flowers. Seven vears with present employer.
—J. HUNTER, Clark Bros. & Co.. Nurserymen, Carlisle.

TOURNEYMAN, or PALM GROWER.—

tJ German. 21, First-class references. Good character.—
B. W., 1, Cromwell Villas, Cromwell Eoad. Upton, Essex.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 19;

tj five years' experience. Can be Tvell recommended. — S. G.,
81. Phillip Street, Birihopsfield, Cli ester.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out; age 22.— A.
Elder, Gardener, HifihfieUl. Gainsborough, can recom-
mend a young man accustomed to Herbaceous and Alpine
Plants. ^

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
three years in present situaation. Good recommenda-
tion. Bothy preferred.— S. H. SNELL, The Daisou, St. Mary
Church. Torquay.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 21
five years' experience in Growing Fruit and Plants for
Market and Exliibition. Capable of taking entire Charge of
Houses. Excellent references.— J. H., 25, Church Street,
Twickenham, Middlesex.

JOURNEYMAN (AVoreing), — Energetic ;
fifteen years' experience in Propagating and Growing.
Also Wreaths, Sales. &c. State Wages and particulars.- M.,
9, Grove Place, Acton. W.

To NuTserynien and Others.

ASSISTANT.— Age 26 ; German. Good Pro-
pagator and Grower of Hard and Sottrwooded Plants,
Ferns, &c. Experienced in all branches.- A. R.. Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

IMPROVER, in a good establishment. — Age
21 ; Premium given. Good character.— H. WOOD, The
Gardens, Withington Rectory, Shrewsbury.

IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 18 ; strong
and active. Good references.- E. D., Healaugh Grange,
Tadcaster, Yorkshire.

To Nurserjrmen.
TMPROVER, in the Houses.- Age 19; five

A years' experience. Three years in last situation. Good
character.— W. SMITH, 2, Rose Cottages, Oakfield Road, Ore,
Hastings, Sussex.

IMPROVER; willing to pay Premium. — Rev.
T. E. Jameson, East Claydou A'^icarage, Bucks, can
recommend a Lad (age 16) where he ^vould get a good prac-
tical knowledge of Greenhouse Work. Gentleman's Garden
preferred. Strong, active, and trustworthy.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted in a
Market Nursery by a young man (age 25), accustomed to
Growing Ferns. Stove Stuff, &c.— H., Hextable House, Swanley
Junction, Kent.

q^O NURSERYMEN and MARKET

X GROWERS.— Wanted, by a young man (age 21) an en-
gagement Experienced in Sott-wooded Propagation, Potting,
&c. Industrious and sober. Can be well recommended. — A.,
41, King Street, Maidenhead, Berks.

'^pO FLORISTS.— Young Man seeks situation

JL in Nursery; nine years' experience; Fruit, Ferns, and
General Market Stuff.— J. G. G., 24, Turner Road, Lee.

And

0 NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation in

a Nursery; well up in Roses and General Work. — W. W.,
ews' Library, Epsom.

NURSERY TRADE.— Advertiser, who has
had several years' experience both in Office and Outdoor
routine (with a knowledge of the Seed Business), seeks a re-
engagement. Can furnish first-class references, showing ability,
sobriety, industry, and trustworthiness. Is very active and
methodical. Age 26.— W. M., 19, Winslade Road, Upper
Clapton, London, E.

CHOPMAN (Head), or MANAGER.— Com-

O fort£lble berth required. Well up in all branches.
Excellent references. First-class thirteen years' experience. —
FRUCTUS. Hillside, Canterbury Grove, West Norwood.

SHOPMAN (Head), or MANAGER.— Age
39, married ; respectable. Thoroughly conversant with
the Seed, Bulb, and Plant Trade. Also good General Corre-
spondent.— THEA, Hurst & Son, Houndsditch. London, E.

Market Gardeners.

SALESMAN and JIANAGER. — Ten years'
experience. Good references and security if required. —
SALE, ■* Coach and Horses." London lioad, Isleworth.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 'id ; ten years' experience
iu every department.— H.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

SHOPMAN. — Age 22 ; nine years' first-class
practical experience. Good knowledge of Bulbs and Sun-
dries.— A. B., Laburnum Cottage, Bartou-uuder-Neeedwood,
Burtou-ou-Trent.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 25 ; nine years' experience.
Good practical knowledge in all branches. First-class
references.— F. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, London, W.C.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN.— Age 29 ; well up in all depart-
ments, including Florist Work and Sundries. Fifteen
years' experience.— W. STONE, Market Square, Retford.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five
years' experience. Good knowledge of Plant and Seed
Trade. Good references.— JNO. HARDING, St. Neols, Hunts.

HOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 21; Scotch.

Four years' experience. Retail Trade.— J. S., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

CHOPMAN, WAREHOUSEMAN, SEEDS-

iO MAN.— Age 26; eight and a half years' experience. Has
a thorough knowledge of the trade.— R. B., 101, Walton Breck
Road, Liverpool.

TO THE NURSERY and SEED TRADE.—
YouuE Man, age 26 ; used to Selling ; good experience in
Nursery Work. CSn Solicit Orders.-F. W., 12, Wharton

Street. W.C. ^

Nursery and Seed Trade.
OOK-KEEPER. — Thoroughly experienced.

B

..rst-class references.- H. H., Gardeners

Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS. — Depression of
Spirits. Debility.— Some defect in digestion is generally
the cause of mental depression. On rectifying the disordered
stomach the long list of gloomy thoughts retires, and is suc-
ceeded by more hopeful aud more happy feelings. Holloway s
Pills have been renowned far and wide for effecting this ae-
sirable change without inconveniencing the morbidly sensitive
or most delicate organism. They remove all obstructions,
reculate all secretions, and correct depraved humours by puri-
fvins the blood and invigorating the stomach. Their medicinal
virtues reach relieve, and stimulate every organ and gland in
the body, whereby the entire systein is renovated No medicine
ever before discovered acts so beneficially upon the blood and
circulation as Holloway's celebrated Pills.

324

THE GAUDENEHS' GHIfONICLE.

[Septembeb 10, 1887.

t^i.rfcen First Prizes.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, WeUington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by WluilM Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbukt, Aqnew & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct ot Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and pubUshed by the
i WlUJiM B1CHABD8, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Oardejj, in the said County SATURDAY, September 10, 1887. Agent for Manchester— JoHK HetwoOB.

Established i84i

No. 38.— Vol. II. {i^^^^} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1887.

/Rcgt. as a Newspaper.fPRICE 3cl.
\WITH SUPPLEMENT.\ POST-FREE, 3Jd.

CONTENTS.

Acineta Barkeri '

Agapanthus umbetlatua .
Agriculture, pre\'entible

Amaryllis, the ...

Auricula, the

Botanical Magazine
Bouquet, Boyal Saxon ...
British Association
Dendrobium Farmeri ...
Ferns, our native

„ apospory

Forestry

Fruita under glass
Glass structures, heating

of

Grape judging at the

Crystal Palace

Hardy fruit garden, the .

,, plantd, massing for

effect

Hop-plant louse

Jasminum Sambac
Lffilia elegans incantana .

„ monophylla

Lindenia

Maadevalliahieroglj-phica
Month at the Cape, a ...
Mushroom growing in a

railway tunnel
Obituary

Oncidium Lanceanum ...
Orchid-house, the

Pansiea

Parcel Post, the

Phylloxera on the Oak ...
Piuguicula caudata and

P. Bakeri

Plants and their cul-

., Spanish and Ba-

Pleurothallis trilmloides
Saxifraga cuscutiformia
Societies : —
Bath Floral F6te
Glasgow and West of
Scotland Horticul-
tural

National Chrysanthe-

Paisley

Royal Horticultural ...
Streptocarpus Reiii
Tecoma Mackenii
Venidium fugax

., hirsutum

Veronica cupressoides

and V. salicornioides ...
Weather and itseffect on

the crops

Weather, the

Illustrations.

Dendrobium Farmeri 333

PhyUoiera on Oak 340

Royal Saxon Bouquet. (See Supplement.)

Saxifraga cuscutiformis 337

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE. 1887.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the " Gardeners' Chronicle ^^ from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

BROMLEY DISTRICT CHRYSANTHE-
MUM SOCIETY'S ANNUAL SHOW will be held at
the Drill Hall, Bromley, Kent, on NO\TEMBER 9 and 10.
Schedules of Prizes, Sec, to be obtained of

Sunnyside. Bickley. Kent. '■ SHARLAND, Secretary.

DEVIZES CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW
will be held in the Corn Exchange. Devizes, on TUES-
DAY, November 15. For 24 blooms of Incurved Chrysanthe-
mums— lat Prize, a Gold Jubilee Cup, value 10 guineas; 2nd
Prize, a Silver Jubilee Cup, value 5 guineas; 3rd Prize, 60s.
For 12bloom3 of Japanese — Ist Prize, a Silver Jubilee Cup, value
5 guineas ; 2nd Prize. 40s. ; 3rd Prize, 25s. Twenty-five other
Prizes for Plants and Blooms of Chrysanthemums. All classes
Open. The Challenge Cup to the exhibitor gaining the greatest
number of points. For Schedules and all particulars, apply to
THOS. KING, Devizes Castle.

>OINSETTIAS for SALE.— 130 well-grown

Plants. — Apply to

J. HARRIS, The Gardens. Ingatestone, Essex.

BOUVARDIAS, fine bushy plants, 30s.
per 100; CYCLAMENS, good, in 48's, 30s. per 100;
GARDENIAS, strong plants. 30s. per 100; Tree CARNA-
TIONS, best sorts, 30s. per lOO— good planta.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

CARNATION, "PAUL ENGLEHEART."—
New Crimson Clove, perfectly hardy, free flowering, f.ne
rich colour, remarkably fragrant, requires no sticks. See
Garden, July 31, 1886 ; August 13, 1887. Gilbert Davidson.
having acquired from the Rev. G. H. Engleheart the entire
stock of this tine and useful border Carnation, is prepared to
Book Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
requested. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict
rotation, at 2s. 6rf. each, 24s. per dozen.

GILBERT DAVIDSON. Wernoleu, Ammanford, R.S.O.,
Carmarthenshire, S. Wales.

New Hyacinth for 1887.

WE. GLADSTONE.
• A Superb Variety.

Deep dark red. large petals, and splendid truss.
First-class Certificates Royal Horticultural Society and Royal
Botanic Society.
Ss. 6rf. each, post-free.
OAKSHOTT AND MLLLAUD'S HYACINTHS are the finest
of the year. LIST gratis.

OAKSHOTT AND MILLARD, Direct Bulb Importers,
Reading.

TREE FERNS, ALSOPHILA AUSTKALIS.
—Fine Plants, in tubs, with 2J to 4 feet stems, to offer at
moderate prices.

EDWARD SANG AND SONS. Nurserymen, Kirkcaldy.

Camellias, Azaleas. Bhododendrons. Palms, Orchldv.

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nubseryman.
• Loochristy, Ghent. Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars. London, E.C.

A Few Large Healtliy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamaerops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN. Jr.. Breslau, Germany.

GARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good
coloar, showing flower-bud, and absolutely clean, in
5 and 6-inch pots. 2ls. to 30s. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH AKD CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

LAING'S BULBS. — White Roman HYA-
CINTHS, fine large roots, 14s. per 100 : eitra large picked
roots, 16s. per 100. Paper White and Double Roman NARCIS-
SUS, 9s. per 100. Our FLOWER ROOTS are unusually large
and well ripened this season. Prices low. All carriage free.

CATALOGUES Gratis and Post-tree.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

OBURVENICH-DE WINNE, Gentbrugge,
• near Ghent, Belgium, offers: — 35,000 well-budded
AZALEA MOLLIS, from JO — 60 buds ; 20,000 AZALEA
INDICA, of superior growth, and for English use; PALMS,

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratiaand post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old varieties.

pARNATION " MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE."

Vy — A sterling novelty. See Large Advertisement in issue

of Sept. 10, 1887. CATALOGUES on application.

JAMES DICKSON AND SONS, "Newton" Nurseries, Chester.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sample of phints and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, 3d.—W. LOVEL and SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

To the Trade.
Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE hare fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

OR SALE, or EXCHANGE, Five Large

Plants (in splendid health) of PHCENIX DACTYLIFERA
and LATANIA BORBONICA. For particulars apply to
GARDENER. Eden Hall, Langwathby, Cumberland.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

Ndbsebvmen, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower

Market, Covent Garden. W.C, are open to RECEIVE

CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity

for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SLDCUP."

BUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

V^ containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and post-free to
int^ndiug purchasers.
SUTTON and sons. The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

UDDENBORG BROTS., Bulb Growers,

Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCCLIiE (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

MALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unu-sually well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS, BOUVARDIAS, ADIAN-
TU.M CUNEATUM and other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

TTOR SALE, very cheap, about 800 strong

Jj Plants of "MISS JOLIFFE" CARNATIONS, also 60
AZALEAS, good varieties.

J. SADDINGTON, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey.

INEST LILY OF THE VALLEY

CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustav A. Schultz,
Berlin. For price write to

JACOB AND VALENTIN, 56. Cheapside, London, E.C.

INTER-FLOWERING HEATHS, HYE-

MALIS and Others. Good Plants, showing well for
flower — cannot be surpassed — in 6 and 6-inch pots, 15s. to 24s.
per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH and CO.. Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 26, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, E.C.

PALM SEEDS. — Fresh Seeds of Kentia
Belmoreana, Canterburyana Forsteriana, Areca Baueri
and lutescens, just to hand. Lowest quotations. Samples
free on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslau, Germany.

Fems-Fems— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dvson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS," LONDON.

FECIAL OFFER to the English Trade of

100,000 INDIAN AZALEAS, from 50s.. 70s.. SOs.. 100s..
120s., to 200s. per 100.

AZALEA MOLLIS, GHENT AZALEAS, RHODODEN-
DRONS, CAMELLIAS, FERNS, PALMS, for Table and Gen-
eral Decoration. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA, SPIILEAS.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, and various other Plants for forcing,
ery moderate charges.

PRIDE OF PENSHURST CARNATION.—
The best pure yellow self ever introduced. Aa a Border
variety, for hardiness and free flowering it is unequalled.
Awarded First-class Certificates at Royal Horticultural Society,
Royal Botanic Society, and wherever shown. The most profit-
able of all to growers of cut bloom for market.

Eitra strong well-rooted layers of this lovely variety,
carriage paid, at 7s. <od. per dozen. Sample pair, post-free, for
18 penny stamps. Price to Trade on application. Address
F. WEBBER, Quarry Hill Nursery, Tonbridgf, Kent.

Important Notice.

To Florists, Seedsmen. Horticultural Builders, &c.
Plants. Flowf.rs. Fruits and Vegetables a Specialty.

WM. J. WELCH begs to call particular
attention to his productions for
ELLUSTKATING BOOKS. MAGAZENES, CATALOaUES,
and for ADVERTISING PURPOSES.
For Specimens see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1883 to 1886.
Address :— 25, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

326

THE GAlWENEliS' CUB ON I CLE.

[September IT, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Thursday Next .-(Sale No. 7487.)

The COLLECTION of ORCHIDS foiined by Dr. 'Ward,
of Southampton.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from Dr. Ward, of Southampton, who. on account of ill-
health, is giving up the growing of Ordiids, to SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden,
W-C, on THURSDAY NEXT, September 22, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, without the lea^t reserve, his entire COL-
LECriON of ORCHIDS, which he has been forminf^ during
the last fifty years, including, among other fine thing-

Cattleya labiata, true autumn

Lielia Dayana alba

Howe ring

Cymbidium elegans

Odontoglossum nffivium i

oajus

Cypripedium Sedeni, 8 spikea

Cypripediura purpuratur

Lffiha superbiens

,, Harrisianum

Epidendrum prismatocarpum,

Lcelia anceps alba

7 leads

Cypripediumbarbatum grandi-

Cattleya Dowiana

flora

,, speciosissima

,, Percivaliana

,, Backhouseiana
Odnntoglossum citrosmura

roseum

Odontoglossum cirrosum

Deudrochilum glumacenm

„ Rossii mains

Coelogvne cristata Lemoniana

,. gloriosum

„ cornigata

,, triumphans

,, flaccida

Oncidium Forbesii

Masdevallia Tovarensi ^

1:^0

„ Marshalli

leaves

„ incurvum

„ Harryana, L50 leavf

s

„ planilabrnm (rare)

„ „ Dennisoninna

Odontoglossum Alexandrte,

„ ,, BuUVblood-

tinevars.

„ Veitchii

J^ AndersoiJiantinx

„ Davisii

Scuticaria Hadwenii, 70 leaves

„ ignea, 70 leaves,

fine

Vanda suavis

Trichopilia crispa marginata

Vanda suavis (Rollisson's

var.)

Odontoglossum pulchellum
grandiflorum

„ Tricolor and V. coerulea

Aerides Fieldingii

Dendrobium uobile pendulum

Thun

nt, Ca

anthes, &c.

Onviewmorniiij.

of Sa

e. and Catalogues had.

Bulbs— Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at hU Great Kooms. 38, KingStreet.CoveDt Garden, W.C,
every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morninCT of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULbS. — GREAT UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 6». Cheapside, London, E.C.. every MONDAY. THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past U o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACLNTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, ami Catalogues had.

MESSRS. rROTIIEROE and MORRIS
ai. , ::■!.'.. 1 ', M i . I;. I.i ii- - I- SELL by AUCTION,
onth.M'i N ■ I ,■. lii , Forest Gate, E., on

MOXIil'i I . : , ■ i > . j. IV. -isely, the BENE-

FICIAL l\M l:) -1 Ml 111. LI L-l ..I ih,. NURSERY', with
6 Gretuliuu^..-s, CulUign. iui.l i Acil- l.i Lund, subject to the
very low rent of £oO per uuuum. Al.so in suitable lots the
whole of the well-grown stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, comprising 1000 Maidenhair Ferns, 2000 Bouvardias,
Palms, double Primulas, Cyclamen, Utensils in Trade, &c.

May be viewed. Catalogues obtainable on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.G. ;

and Leytonstone. E.

Without Eeserve.— St. John's Wood, N.W.
Adjoining Lord's Cricket Ground, and 3 minutes' walk from

St. John's Wood Station.
TWO DAYS' UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, by order of
Messrs. E. G. Henderson & Son and Messrs. Hooper & Co..
Limited, of the whole of the GLASS ERECTIONS, and
other TRADE BUILDINGS, BRICKWORK, HOT- WATER
PIPING, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, and
SUNDRIES, the land being required immediately by the
Committee of the Marylebone Cricket Club for the
extension of their grounds.

MESSRS. RROTHERGE and MORRIS
will SI.;LL l.y AriTKiN. on the Premises, The Welling-
ton Niir-.r , SI .LI, II - W I, N \V, (entriince from Wellington

Place)..! I I I ii\ 1 ,'. I I'MCSDAl'. September20and21.

at 12.. I i , llii> erections of 11 GBEEN-

HOl'SLs, I L .1 1 1....IIIII superficial feet, numerous

PITS, .iimi liin ut lUJi-\\ A11-,K PIPING, several PITS, 650
GLAZED LIGHTS, Slate-slab STAGING, CISTERNS, thou-
sands of BRICKS, a quantity of well-grown STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, consisting of 1000 English-grown
Camellias, lOOO Decorative Plants. 3000 Ferns, in variety ; also
the Surplus Stock of Horticultural SUNDRIES, including
China Wreaths, Crosses, Dried Flowers, and numerous other
effects.

May be viewed the Saturday and Monday prior to the Sale.
Catalogues can be obtained on the Premises, or at the Pine-

Friday Next.
CATTLEY (TKIAN/F.) bCIIRODER.=E.
CATTLEYA LABIATA. species.
L..13LIA ELEGANS.

MESSES. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructad by Mr. F. Maw to include in their SALE of
ORCHIDS on FRIDAY NEXT, September 23, a fine importa-
tion of CATTLEYA (TBUN^E) SCHRODERvE, ju»t to hand
in splendid condition. This Cattleya is described by Professor
Reiohenbach in the Gardeners' Chronicle, April 16, 1887, and
received three First-class Certificates in that month. CATT-
LEYA LABIATA, species, and L;ELIA ELEGANS, good masses.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

:ANDA SANDERIANA, magnificent mnssas; AIJRIDES SAN-
IlKKlANA, A. LAWRENCEANA, CYl'RII'EDIUM ROE-
H1.:LE.N'II, the whole collected aud sent home by Mr. C.

MESSRS. PROTIII'lKnl.; an-d MORRIS are
instructed to S1:li, ! \i . M i\. at their Central

Sale Rooms, 67 and 08, (. i i i, R.C., on FRIDAY

NEXT, September 2o. ni 1. .11 j . i I. ..Clock precisely, by
order of Mr. C. Roebelen. a wond.-rful importation of VANDA
SANDERIANA. Asiswellknown this is oneot the most beautiful
of all Orchids, and undoubtedlyoneofthe grandest importations
of recent years. The plants have arrived in the very best pos-
sible condition, some of the masses being extraordinary in point
of size, with fine fleshy roots and full of leaves. Mr. Roebelen
is well known as a collector of Orchids, and the extreme diffi-
culty in importing Vanda Sanderiana renders the present Sale
jually attract

The

nta recei
Saccolabii

viola.

,, quinquevulnerum ,, coeleste

,, mitratum | Cypripedium Roebeleni

The Auctioneers desire to call particular attention to this

important Sale. It is seldom an importation of Orchids reaches,

this country in better condition, the Van.la Siiiuleriana being

especially fine.

On view morning of Sale.'and Catalogues had.

West Cholderton.

3 miles from Grately Station, S.W.R.. and within 10 miles of

Salisbury and Andover.
SALE of the COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, formerly the property of the lafe Mrs. Paxton.

MESSRa^'pROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by W. A. Paxton, Esc4.. to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, adjoining Cholderton House,
West Cholderton, as above, on TUESDAY", September 27, at
12 o'clock precisely, the collection of well-grown STOVE

few ORCHIDS, G-ARDEN ROLLER, MOWING MACHINES,
and other UTENSILS.

May be viewed any day on application to the GARDENER.
Catalogues had at the Post-office, West Cholderton ; and of
the Auct ioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, Loudon. E.C, .
and Leyton.toiie. E.

Orchids in Flower. Special Sale. Tuesday, Sept. 27.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of ORCHIDS will take place aa above, for which they will be
glad to Receive Notice of Entries as early as possible.
Auction Rooms and Estate Oltices, 67 and 63. Cheapside, E.C.

Nursery Stock Sales.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce tliat thev are now arranging their
S.ALES of NURSERY STOCK, for the coming season, and they
will be pleased to receive the names of intending Purchasers
who may wish to receive CATALOGUES.

Auction Rooms and Estate Offices, 67 and 6.9. Cheapside,
London. E.C.

Whittin^on Nurseries, near Lichfield.

rP.ELIMlXARY ANNOUNCEMENT.

MESSRS. AVINTERTON, BEALE, and
WINTERTON are instructed by -Mr. Edward Holmes to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, October 18 and 19, and following day if
necessary.

AN IM.VIENSE QUANTITY OF NURSERY STOCK,
remarkably well grown and splendidly rooted, comprising a
fine assortment of FRUIT TREES, of the best sorts ; many
thousands of healthy young FOREST TREES, a most compre-
hensive collection of EVKRGREEN and DECIDUOUS TREES
and SHRUBS ; an unique selection of CONIFERS, specially
grown; choice named sorts of RHODODENDRONS, Hardy
Climbers, and a large quantity of the best Herbaceous Plants.

Detailed particulars in future notices and Catalogues to be
obtained 14 days previous to Sale from the Auctioneers.
St. Mary's Chambers. Lichfield.

BRIDGWATER Xl^fsKRIES and SEED
BUSINESS. EstaHi~li...l L<L'ii. -In consequence of the
death of the late Proprietor, the iitiove is offered for S.\LE by
the Executors under the will.

There is about 15 acres of Nursery Ground of the first
quality, well stocked with Fruit Trees, Forest and Ornamental
Trees and Shrubs, of a varied description, and in fine healthy
condition. About 8 acres, including that with the Glass-
houses, belong to the Estate, and will be LET on LEASE or
SOLD.

The Shop is in the centre of the town, wliere a good busi-
ness is done in Seeds, Cut Flowers, and Sundries, and is only
five minutes' walk from the Nursery.

The whole concern is offered at a lump sum, or may be taken
at a valuation in the usual way.

For further particulars, and to view, apply to R. TUCKER,
Nurseryman, Faringdon, Berks.

OR SALE, cheap, the LEASE of a Small

Compact NURSERY, stocked with Vines, Tomatos, Ferns,
aud other Plants. Particulars of

.1. LAKE. Felgate, Church Road, Leyton, Essex.

ENERAL NURSERY, FRUIT GROWING,

and FLORIST BUSINESS. — Surrounded by several
large towns. Unusual opportunity to an enterprising man.
Nearly 4 Acres of good Land, 11 Greenhouses, well heated,
with Residence. Rent on Lease, £60, or the Freehold would be
Sold— stock, good-will, &c., at valuation, about £600. Full
particulars of
PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London.

To Florists, &c.

TO BE LET or SOLD, on Bexley Heath,
Eight new GREENHOUSES, 200 by 12 and 15 feet, now
planted with Tomatos. Room to erect more. Apply.

W. G. BAILEY', Florist, The Nurseries, Beiley, Kent.

TO BE LET, at Acton, an Old-established
NURSERY, standing on about J-acre of ground. Theie are
5 Glasshouses, heated by Hot-water, and 40 Lights of Pits.
Apply to W. MEAD AND CO., The Vale. Acton. Middlesex.

TO LET— a rar.
mouth — about 1 '
is in a high state of t
Trees aii.l all liin.l, ..
Poiihi, 11..,-. , .1, I v,i

Cotlu

1'... to Boiirne-

'LIN'; the Land
I with Fruit

.-my Huildiugs, and

. Road, Bournemouth, Hants.

Llttldtou, near Sliepperton Railway Station, Middlesex
'VV LEI, oil Lease, a MARKET GARDEN,
JL embr,icing an area of 4 a. 2 r. 23 p.. walled in, and well
cropped with Fruit Trees. On the Land are a brick-built de-
tached Cottage, containing 3 Be.ir....ni^ htv) '.' ^irtiiig-rooms; a
Lean-to Potato Shed, an Open .Sti- I, In ...■ s:, .1, w'oodShed,
Fruit Koora (fitted with shelvi^ .. .1 i I, :.' Stokeholes,

and a Jlushroom Shed. There ai.. : .- I .. Vineries, with

large fruiting ^'ine3, a Span-rouf ( .u . ii..i..r} , with Hot- water
Piping, an Orange House, and a 10-light Kriclc Pit. Rent on a
7, 14, or 21 years' lease, £50 per annum. Incoming about £40.
Apply to Mr. C. CHARLES HORNE, Littleton, near Staines.

To Market Gardeners :ind Others.

TO LET, at Michaelmas next, about 13| acres
of LAND, at Plaistow, situated in the Prince Regent's
Lane, and close to the Barking Road. For particulars apply to
:vk— rs. CLUTTON. H. Whitehall Place. S.W.

IiRoTlllCUoE AND MORRIS, Horticul-
TuiiAL Maurlt Garden anil Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers. 67 an.l .w, cli..ai.^i.le. Lomlon, E.C. aud at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Ilortu'iillural Register had on application.

TV O W R E A D Y^

l\ WHITE IRIS ANGLICA. THE BRIDE.
WHITE GLADIOLUS. THE BRIDE,
WHITE ANEMONE. THE BllIDE.
All very effective white flowers, for Cutting or Decorative
Purposes.

100 splendid roots of each of the above mentioned " Brides,"
may be had free per Parcel Post on receipt of P.0.0. for 2at.
payable at Overveen, Haarlem.

GEBROEDERS ROOZEN, Bulb Growers, Overveen,
Haiirleni. Holland.

Sii.cial quotations for larger quantities of any of the above.
Descriptive LIST of all kinds of Bulbs aud Bulbous Plants may
be had free ou prepaid application.

Package free ; free at home.

Axeca lutescens.

GB. FISCHER, Nurseryman, High Street,
• Clapham. London, S.W.. begs to oHer strong and
healthy Plants from stores, at £.=. per UlW. Cash with order.

" New & Very Superior Cabbage "

PERFECTION.— Every cue should try this
mo^t desirable & distinct variety ; " close-hearted ^- very
little T-iistt;." Packets, post-free. Is.

■■ .1A.MES DICKSON & SONS." 108 Eastgate St. Chester.

LAXTON'S " NOBLE " STRAWBERRY.—
The onli/ Fruit which received a First-class Certificate
from the Boi/al Horticultural Society in the year ending June,
1887, and the only Fruit Certificated at the Society's great
Licerpool l^how, July, 1886. This wonderfully large, handsome,
and prolific early Strawberry, of first quality, made the highest
wholesale price in Covent Garden Market during the past three
seasons. Mr. J. Muir, after trying and forcing it, says, "In
my opinion the most extraordinary and valuable Strawberry in
cultivation." Particulars of this and " Laxton'sJubilee."afine
new late variety ; see previous issues of this Paper — also free
on application. Coloured plate of " Noble," 6d., from

THOJIAS LAXTON. Seed and Novelty Grower. Bedford.

Q A / \i \(\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the
OV^V/V/V finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. Ui 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^ineh pots, 2s. 6a.
e.ach. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

Daffodil Planting,

HARTLANDS Original LITTLE BOOK for
1887. Post-free, is. 6rf. It is beautifully Illustrated by
Gertrude Hartland, containing numerous full-sized Draw-
ings, and, as a work of art, unique. From the great demand
W. B. H. finds himself compelled to have it reproduced. Please
write for copy, and prior to your sending Daffodil orders; if not
pleased your money will be refunded. A Duplicate Copy (not illus-
trated), with a General BULB LIST, can be liad free of cost,
aud the Book itself is presented gratis with orders above 40s.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, 24, Patrick Street,
Cork, Ireland.

Planting Season.

MESSRS. JOHN bTANDISH and CO.
offer a large collection of TREES and SHRUBS,
thoroughly transplanted and well-rooted, which are suitable
for planting as SPECI.MENS and for forming ORNAMENTAL
BORDERS and PLANTATIONS. Their Stock includes
ABIES of various kiu.L, L" L. 7 f, . 1 : CUPRESSUS LAW-
SONIANA, 2 to 5 fe.l , 1 I \\ I. I'l ill li. Irish, and Golden,
UtO'l'eet; A.MERU' \ N ILI,.!; V r L, and other THUIAS,
2 (o h feet; RETI.M isl . n: v.n. - i.. 1 feet; THUIOPSIS
DOLABRATA, I to 6 le. t . JluLLlKS, Golden, Silver, and
Green, 1 to 5 feet; LAUREL, Cummon. Caucasicum, Rotundi-
folia, and Portugal, 1 to 3 feet; AUCUB.V. Variegated and
CJrecn. 1 to 2 feet ; Standard and Dwarf ROSES. RHODODEN-
DRONS, and FRUIT TREES of all kinds; also DECIDUOUS
TREES. 6 to 14 feet, such as LIMES, SYCAMORE, HORSE
CHESTNUT, NORWAY MAPLE, MOUNTAIN ASH, IlTtPLE
BEECH, SCARLET THORNS, POPLARS, aud DOUBLE
FLOWERING CHERRIES.

CATALOGUES on application. Special arrangements
made with buyers of large quantities for Cash.
Inspection invited.
Boyal Nurseries, Ascot,

Sbptembeb 17, 1887.]

THE OABDENEBS' GIIBONICLE.

327

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

Donaiions and Suhscripfions
promised oi' sent.

EIGHTH LIST.

Porter, A.. Lui-hie Gartleng, North

Berwick. N.B

Procter. T., The Gardens, Bank Hall,

Burnley

Reid T.. "Upton" Nurseries, Chester
Reynolds, J., Pentillie Castle Gardens,

St. Mellion, Cornwall

Roberts, J., Gardener, East Cliff Lodge,

Ramsgate

Rogers. J., Gardener, Binsted Wyck,

Alton, Hants

Seden. J., RoyalExotic Nursery, Chelsea
SImrman. E., The Gardens, Sandringham
Simeon, J., Gardener. New Somerby,

Grantham, Lincoln

Smith, G., 4, Waterworks Cottages,

Kenley

Stanbridge, D., Gardener, Pick Tree

House, Chester-Ie-Street, Durham
Stephens, C, The Gardens, Highclere

Castle, Newbury

Tait, A. W., 115,Entre Quintas, Oporto,

Portugal

Thomas, O., The Gardens, Chatsworth,

Chesterfield

Tisdale, R,, Bowes Manor, Palmer's

Tracey, J., Gordon's Nursery, Twicken-

Upjohn, Gardener, VVorsley, Manchester
Watson. A., Gardener, Primley Hill,

Paignton

Webber, C. H., The Gardens, Henwick

Grange, Worcester

Weeks, C, The Gardens, Redenham

House, Andover

Westcott, R., The Gardens. Abberley

Hall. Stourport

Whittaker. W., Gardener, Manor

House, Bridgewater

Wicks. J., Aldermaston House, St.

Luke's Road, W

WiUett, E.,The Gardens. Sandringham
Wilson, J., Gardener, Pavenhambury,

Bedford

Withy, J., Highgate Cemetery. N. ...
Woodcock, W. K.. The Gardens, Oak-
brook, Sheffield

Woolford, J., Gardener, East Thorpe.

Reading

Worrall. F., The Gardens, Lyme Hall.

Stockport

YoungMen. The Gardens, Betteshanger,

Sandwich

Young Men, The Gardens, Castle Upton,

Templepatrick, Ireland

Young Men, Clumber Gardens, Worksop

0 10 0
0 10 6

1 0

2 0

5 0

5 0
5 0

I 10 0
I 5 0

2 fl

2 fi

/■iirtker Donations and Subscriptions ivill be thiinkfulhi
received bi/

A. F. BARRON, Honorary Secretary,

ROYAL HORTICrLTl'KAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS,
ClirsWlCK, LoNDDN, W.

Hull Corporation.

To NUHSKKYMEN au<t OTHERS.

THE CORPORATION ARE PREPARED
to RECEIVE TENDERS for PLANTING with TREES
and SHRUBS a portion of their NEW PARK on the Holdemco
Road. Hull, also the Extension of the Spring Bank Cemetery.

Forms of Tender may l>e obtained upon application to the
undersigned.

Tenders, endorsed and addressed as directed on the Forma of
Tehder. are to be delivered, undercover, to the TOWN CLERK,
Hull, before 10 o'clock on WEDNESDAY, September 28. 18*(7.

The Corporation do not bind themselves to accept the lowest
or'any Tender. — By order,

A. E. WHITE. Borough Engineer.
Town Hall. Hull. September 10, 1S87.

ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STOCK.

ALL IN FINE CONDITION.

INSPECTION INVITED.

Catalogues free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,

GABSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

DUTCH AND GAPE BULBS

DIRECT FIIIIM THE CinOWEIiS,

ANT. ROOZEN & SON.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

OF CHOICE HARDY FLOWER ROOTS

For Indoor and Spring Gardening, again enlarged, now

contiiiua-i under:—

Collection

** F,'^ for Spring Gardening,
Containing 1000 Bulbs.

36 Hyacinths.distiii.tLulniir- .M' I'.-r=iiiu RauuncuUn.

W Tulips, single,'

60 Tulips, double.

24 Tulips, single, late.

20 Narcissus. Polyanthus.
30 Narcissuii, incomparabilt«i.
24 Narcissus, Poeticus.
50 Anemones, double.
24 Auemonea, single.
4(10 Crocus, inddistinct colours

.-.u Frt-nch Rnninu-ulii^.
.'>() Snowdrops, -Tiingle.
50 Spanish Iris.
24 Triteleia uniflora.
24 Gladiolus.
4 Lilium umbellatum.
24 Scilla sibirica prsecoi.
16 Eranthis Hyemalis (\Vi
Aconite).

Collection *' C," for Indoor, containing
284 Choice Bulbs for 60-Pots and Glasses.

Hn!fo/ v,th,.r of the above for \\s.

The above Packages niav be had from our Agents. Jlessrs.
MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross Lane. St. Mary-at-Hill, London.
E.C., on receipt of Cheque or Post-office Order.

For particulars of our other Collections of Bulbs for INDOOR
and SFRINCt GARDENING, see our complete and revised
CATALOGUE for 1887. which will be sent, post-free, on appli-
cation to our Agents, or ourseIv<es direct.

ANT. BOOZEN & SON, Nurserymen,

OVERVEEN. near HAARLEM. HOLLAND.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

Improved Mnshroom Spawn,

IVr liiislu'l of M rakes, as.

Per cyke. 6(/. ; per cake, free by

Parcels Post, Is.

For ( hildoor and Indoor Culture.

Victoria and Paradise

Nurseries,

Upper Holloway, London, N.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP.

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP.

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP.

See our Wholesale CATALOGUE of Bulbs,
free on application,

containingLlstof all thebest varieties otHYACrNTHS, TULIPS.

OKOCUS, LILIES, DAFFODILS, IRIS, SN0WDP.0P3, &c.
Plecvse compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

EXETER STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

SIR

WATKIN

IS THE BEST OF ALL THE NARCISSI.

Priced CIRCULAR (No. ?j?A) oflhis and

all other Narcissi post-free.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS,

NEWTON NURSERIES, CHESTER.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery is of suuli magnitude that
without seeing it it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

FKUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,

BOUVARDIAS, CYCLAMENS, EUrCAS, EPACKIS, I'RLMU-

LAS, SOLANUMS, TREE CARNATIONS, and other

WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS,

Of fine quality and immense numbers.

ISSPECTIOTf IXVITED.

The Glass Structures cover au area of 274,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

BEST HYACINTHS, Four Dozen, in 48's, of
the lie>t varieties in cultivation — all oliow varietiey — for
20,1. I'rei- by i»st. Send P.O.O. to
(iEimi)EDEH,S ROOZEN, Overvoen, Haarlem, Holland.
Trice LIST of all sorts of Bulbs free. Package free; free at

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation," l.t.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive " List OF New, Rare, and

Choice Ferns," and " Hardy North American Fernb,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

TO ENSURE FLOWERS ALL THE
YEAR ROUND

YERTEGANS'

Illustrated Cntahgue

BEAUTIFUL HARDY
FLOWERS,

GRATI.S ami PO.ST-FIIEK.

CHAD VALLEY NURSERIES,

BIRMINGHAM.

;"^-^Vc^o^i??

FREE BY POST OR RAI L

PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE

JamesDicksqn&Sons

"NEWTON'^ NUR$ERIES\ruccTCD

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-
CLAY & LEVESLEY.

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

328

THE GARDENEBS' CHEONICLE.

[Septejiber 17, 1887.

PEAT — PEAT — PEAT. —
Very superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Ma?cal Estate, yorth Cray, Kent.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH^

To all Grubs. Aphis, Lice. Red Spider, Tlirip. IVIealy

Bug. Caterpillars, &c., &c,
PERFECTLY ) *'' *'^^ Hands and Skin, but -n-ill cure
ItinRwormin Animals, and all Diseases
nARMLESS ; produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A combination of Hydrocarbon Oils, made soluble in
Water, for Destroying ALU INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, wlietlier at the Roots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists. Is. Cd, Cs. 01. i- 's. Gd;

4gaUon78.6d, 1 gallon lis. IJd. orlcss in Iniiror (junutities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale : IIooiEii & Co. , fuiinv, SopER, FowLEn i- Co. ;
C. E. Osji.iN .» I'o ; and from all the London Seed Jter-
ehants and Wholesale Patent Medi.iue Houses. NKW
YOttK-Uoi.KEK & So.vs.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

Throirs a fine
spray 20 ft., and
a Jet 30 ft., u-ith
(jrent force.

A sjjleiiclid
siilsfitiite for the
Syringe for imng
Insecticide, Price
2.5s. A larger
size for tvatering
purposes, 45s.
5^ Carriage Paid,

HUGHE

APHICIDE

HUGHES'

GREEN& CREAM COLOR SHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— l-^asily applied — Lasts all the

Summer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas, u | ■ ^\LM IPO T

i-cand forCut nowers. nU^ritO

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon t'- Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Driea
instantly. SjM in bottles, Is. & 28. Per post 3d. extra,

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding after Pruning.
Very effectual in preventing the flow of Bap in Vines being

■wasted. In bottles 1/G and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.
For Destroying Beetles, T'orkroarhea. U 1 1 P U T C
Crickets, Bu£^3, Fleas, Mos.iuito.H, &r. nUwtlti^

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

WHY PAY HIGH PRICES,

When you can purchase a thoroitghljj good and sound Champagne for

30/-D0ZEH. GEVENCEY. 30/-

DOZEN.

SOLE AGENTS:

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,
99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

OLD-ESTABLISHED WINE and SPIRIT MERCHANTS and AGENTS.

CrotnplOTi & FawKes

(LAT E; TH-P-DENNIS &< 0°)

Horticultural Builders

Chelmsford

NEW B k [ IH r LITII RilHID SKETCHES of WINTER GARDENS RANGES of HOTHOUSES.
MNERIES AKtHITi T I tl NbU \ \ 1 ILS S. of ar ous De gns and S /es re entlj constructed ere ted fitted aud

heated complete^by us in different partd o£ the country; -with particulars of the most successful Hot-water Heating Apparatu

tth 123 Illustrations, by F. A^ Fawkes. post-fri

HORTICULTUEAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION. In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

Hot-water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
4-inch Pipes at Is. 6d. per yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

and all otber klnda of
BOILERS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangcjnent

For GREENHOUSES, tie.
911 VF^TFR'Q P-A.TENT STEEL TRENTHAM BOILER is far the best , cheapest , and

01 Lw 1.0 I Cn O trwst economical Hot-water Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring

perfect combustion saves fuel anipreceyif.i smoke, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Jioilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete ; efficiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACHINERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, Sfc.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

Septbmbeb 17, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

329

/VANDA SANDERIANA, magnificent masses,
JAERIDES SANDERIANA, A. LAWRENCEANA,
j CYPRIPEDIUM ROEBELENII.

\ The 2vhole collected and sent home hij Mr. C. Roehelen.

FRIDAY NEXT :-

MESSRS PROTHEROE & MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their

Central Sale Rooms, 6? and GS, C'heapside, London, E.C., on FlIIDAY NEXT, September 23, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of
Mr. C. Roebelen, a wonderful importation of VANDA SANDERIANA. As is well known, this is one of the most beautiful of all Orchids, and
undoubtedly one of the grandest importations of recent years. The plants have arrived in the very best possible condition, some of the masses being
extraordinary in point of size, with fine fleshy roots, and full of leaves. Mr. Roebelen is well known as a collector of Orchids, and the extreme difficulty
in importing Vanda Sanderiana renders the present Sale unusually attractive.

The Consignment will also include a fine lot of the following ORCHIDS, the whole of the plants received offered :—

AEUIDES LAWRENCEANA, 1 AfiRIDES MITRATUM, I SACCOLABIUM CCELESTE,

„ SANDERIANA, SACCOLABIUM YIOLACEUM,

„ QUINQUEVULNERUM, I „ MINIATUM CITRINUM, I

CYPRIPEDIUM KOEBELENIT.

The Auctioneers desire to call particular attention to this important Sale. It is seldom an Importation of t)rchids reaches this country in better
condition, the Vanda Sanderiana being especially tine. On vieio moi-niny of Sale, and Catalogues had.

FRIDAY NEXT:—

{ CATTLEYA (TRIAN>E) SCHRODER^,
\ CATTLEYA LABIATA SPECIES,
( L^ELIA ELEGANS.

]\/IESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS arc instructed by Mr. F. Maw to indude in thc:r

SALE of ORCHIDS, on FRIDAY NEXT, September 23, a fine Importation of CATTLEYA (TRIAN.E) SCHROUER.E, just to hand in
splendid condition. This Cattleya is described by Professor Reichenbach in the Gardener^ Chronicle, April 16, 1887
Cortilicates in that month ; CATTLEYA LABIATA SPECIES, and L.ELIA ELEGANS— good masses.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

and recei\'ed three First-class

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Succes.sor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a, Queen Victoria
Street, E.G., near Mansion House Station. Dep6t: Swan Place,

Established 1864.

EAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for

NiiTsery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 105. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Tlant Beds, at IS.-:, per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. 6d. per
bag. SILVKR SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO., FarnlKjro' Station. Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 255. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
405. ; 4-bushel bass, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per Ba«k j 5 sacks,
'Zhs. : sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 65. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; lacks.
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel; 15s. pet half
ton ; 2tis. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 85. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIKOIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write tor Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21. Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a. Coal Yard), W.C.

ORCHID PEAT.

JOHNSON'S

IS THE BEST IN THE WORLD.

Al;o first-class PEATfor Azaleas. Heaths, Ferns. Rhododendrons,
&■-■. Samples forwarded free of charge.

A. JOHNSOM & CO., 23, Leadenhall Street, London.

WASPS !

Ask yonr Chemist
fur the INSTANT-
ANEOUS DEATH
TO WASPS. Sold
Wholesale by BAR-
CLAY AND SON,
Farringdon Street.
London, E.C. Price
Ss, 6rf. and 3s. id.

WASPS!

ni ith of the hole,
and the Wasps will

commence to
DIE

COCOA-NUT FIBRE, newly made.— Great
reduction. In bags— 20, 14s. ; 40, 2.5s., bags included.
Truck-load of two tons, 2O5. All free on to Rail.

J. STEVENS AXD CO., Greyhound Yard, and 153, High
Street, Battersea.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best quahti/, (is supplied to the Rotjal Gardens, i^c.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 75. per sack.

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, ,55. per sack, 5 for 22s. M.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack, 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel ; 14s. i-tou ;
PURE LEAF-MOULD. 4s. per sack. [26s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA, LABELS. STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL. MANURES, &o.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack,
SPECIALITB TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each M. per lb. ;

28 lb. for 185. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT AND CO.. Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

TREPHO forORCHIDS.

For Potting. Rafts, Blocks, &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S., F.B.H.S.,

75a, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C. ; and
SWAN PLACE, OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

GISHXmST COMPOUND, nsed by leading
Gardeners since 18.59 agaiust Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Gre^n Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to Itj ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s.. and lus. id.

GISHIIRSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

^j&^ Medals.

W^^ TO

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare, Manufacturer of TERRA COTTA
VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER
TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to .30 inches
diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green ; ORCHID,
FERN, SEED, and STRIKING-PANS. RHUBARB and SEA-
KALE POTS, &.C.

Price List post-free. Book of Designs, Js. id.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Mk
Quallty, THE BEST in the Market. (AU sacks included.)

PEAT, bei-t brown fibrous ... .5s. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. id.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. id. ,, 5 sacks for 2Us.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid bs.id. ,, 5 sacks for 255.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... "J

PREPARED COMPOST, best (Is. per bush., 3s. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD. „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. id. per bush., 14s. half ton, 245. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... Sd: lb., 28 lb. 18s.
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Speciality) Sd. lb., 28 lb. 18s.
MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 55. per bushel.
CHUBB'S"PERFECT"rER-') In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for I . ' .

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. Icwt.

Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-
CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-
VERGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-
HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 25. id. per bushel.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;

30 sacks. 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,

in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

STEVEN BROS & CO
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

330

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembek 17, 1887.

EARLY BULBS

AT DUTCH PRICES,

To Produce Beautiful White and Coloured

Flowers for Christmas and

Easter Decoration.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.

THE LARGEST BULBS OF THE YEAR.
Price, per 100, 14s. ; per dozen, 23.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Price, per 100, 103. 6d. ; per dozen, Is. 6d.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Price, per 100, 103. 6d. ; per dozen, Is. 6d.

VAN THOL TULIPS, Bed and Yellow.

Price, per 100. 43. 6d. ; per dozen, 9d.

the Bermuda
Easter Lily.
Price, per dozen, lOs. 6d. ; each, Is.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.

Price, per 100, 15s. ; per dozen, 2s. 6d.
Detailed CA TAZOG UE Gratia and Post-free.

AIL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

LILIUM HARRISI,

JERSEY FRUIT TREES.

U ^ r\ O C: I CarriiiRe Paid. Cordons^, ISjerTal".
Write for Illustrnted Citnloiiurs to .lOSHI'A LE CORNU
AND SON, Hiph View Niir<eri.>s. «■),., Mill -..,id .-irria.^e
piiid for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 213.

DUTCH AND OTHER

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualities^ at moderate prices,

■Large Collections of all the very best varietie.s of Hyaciatha,
Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissi, Lilie<i, Snowdrops. &:c.

Pried CATALOGUE post-free on applicatio7i.

"^jt^/^-eM/: ^

VICCABS COLLYER & CO.'S

AUTUMN CATALOGUE,

.Vs!/,. Reatl!/, Gmtis and Post-/i

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Splendid bulb,. Is. pi. do/. ; 12.5. 100. For present planting.

STRAWBERRIES,

Leading sorts at 3s. per 100. carriage paid, cash with order.
The extraordinary fruiting properties of MONSTROSITY
Strawberry have induced ui to propagate a very large quan-
tity, and offer at a price within the reach of all, viz., is,
per dozen, cash with ordfr; or a collection of 100 ordinary

wrta.wilho- ■- "- ■

free for 4?. :
TO PLANT.
Send/or CATALOGT'R. ah^dvirh/ t

CENTRAL HALL, SILVER STREET, LEICESTER,

Tehnramf—" Centraf, Leicester."

EARLY WHITE

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

OUR LARGE CONSIGNMENTS
of ROMAN HYACINTHS. PAPER WHITE N.iR-
CISSrS. &,-.. are to hand in splendid condition, and
wo hav,^ much pleasure in offering tine picked Bulbs
;it ni."I.T:ifr ]u-ti,-s ;,s hclnw, carriage free: —
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, extra tine roots. Ss. per

.lo/.n. 1.-1 , ,,,-r In.. Un., p.-r luOQ.
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, ordinary sized roots,

\'i. :i.l. )i.r ,],„..„. IL't. ,„.r 100, 110.?. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper White, splendid for forcing. Is. M.

|. r .1../.I1. Ill, i;,; p,.r lilii, 90s. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper White, new, large flowered,
si.li-n.h.l viiri.ly. murh superior to the old sort, 2s. id.

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, fine roots. Is. M. per

ilo/eu, liii, IV. ij,T lull, iiils. per 1000.
Our beautifully Illustrated CATALOGUE (64 pages
imperial size) of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi. Lilies. Fruit
Trees. Roses. &c., is now ready, and should be read by all
intending purchasers before making their selection.

DANIELS BROS.,

ROYAL NURFor.K SEED ESTABLISHMENT,

NORWICH.

JARMAN'S BULBS,

FOR EARLY FORCiyO.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, White, fine selected

routs, 2,-. per dozen, l.'is. per 100.

NARCISSirS, Double Roman, \s. 6d. per doz.,

III'., per lllO.
.. Paper WInte, Is. (it/, per dozen. 10s. per 100.

TULIPS, Duo Van Thol, scarlet and yellow,

Sd. per dozen, 4s. per 100.

All Carriage Free. Catalogues Gratis and Post-free.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(RfMISTEHF.l)),

CHARB, SOMERSETSHIRE.

HOOPER & CO., Lim.,

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON.

HARDY PERENiMIALS.

son. We offer
100 in 100 '
100

r very choice, 60s.

Suitable for Rockeries or Borders,

STOVE AND GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

les. 42s., 63s.,
bargains. Ca

111 1053.

i-igues of Spei

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA.

A new plant of great merit, and one of the best novelties
introduced for many years. It flowers profusely in clusters,
shape of the Allamanda, pure white, deliciously scented, and
lasting a long time in water; flowers large' and of good
Bubstauce. For cut blooms and decorative purposes it is
unique ; the culture most simple in the ordinary greenhouse

7s. 6d. and 10s, 6d. each.

HOOPERS Bl'LB CATALOGUE, poit pvbtixheil.
the most roinplete and cheapest issued, free on app/tc

:of

HOOPER & CO., Limited, Covent Garden.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18<. to 36«. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

pUTBUSH'S MTLL-

\J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, fjs. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or ^d. per
cake ; free by parcel post, \s.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enrlofted,withoursignatureatbached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Ximited), Nurserymen and Seed
MerchantB, Higbgate NuTBerieB, N. I

SUTTON'S

INIMITABLE

HYACINTHS

FOB BEDDING.

In Dt'sft'nrf S/iadr.^ of Colour,
to Flower ^-yimultaneously.

" My show of Inimitable Hyacinths this spring, from
bulbs bought from you, was truly magnificent. Their
flowering was simultaneous; notasingle failure. Few who
saw them would believe that they were really grown outrof-
doors, and many insisted that they had been removed from
the greenhouse for 1 he occasion, whereas they were planted
out-of-doors on the 9th of October, 6 inches deep, and never
h:id the sliehteM. shelter ;ill through the severe winter."—
W. WORMALI), t\>/., Iln^snrks.

RED HYACINTHS-

Sutton's Inimitable Scarlet. Bark Rose,
and Light Rose, each per dozen, 63. 6d. ;
per 100, 40s.

BLUE HYACINTHS-

Sutton's Inimitable Blue, Light Blue, Dark
Blue, each per dozen, 53. 6d. ; per 100, 40s.

WHITE HYACINTHS-

Sutton'3 Inimitable Pure White, per doz.,
7s. 6d. : per 100, B53. Sutton's Tinted
White, per dozen, 6s. ; per 100, 44s.

SUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

neautifullv lUustrati-il with a Himjsome Coluurc.l
Pl^ite .111.1 numerous Eiigrjviugs, nnj containing full
Cultural Instructions.

Gratis and Post-free to intending Purchasers of Bulbs.

SUTTON S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, is. per lOO. Plants in small pots. 16.!. psr 100;
ditto in large pot^, 'iba. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.

(5,000 TEA ROSES,

IX ALL THE LEADING VARIETIES,

Fine plants, in 5^ and 6-inch pots, 12s., 15s., and 18s. per dozen,

according to size.

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by

any in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on

application. j^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ,j,_.^j^ ^^ application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTtmAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Llmitko,

THE VINEYARD and NURSE LUES, GARSTON,
NEAR LIVERPOOL.

FLORISTS'

FLOWERS,

Strong transplanted seedling-*, from our magnificent
strai ns . —Post-free.

Per dozen — s. d.

AURICULAS, Alpine, very choice 2 6

PRIMULAS, choicest red... i (16

„ .. white j- beautifully fringed { ^ ^

„ „ mixed per 100, 105. 6rf. 1 6

,, ,, ,, extra strong 2 6

,, Crimson King, magnificent colour, fine plants... 3 6

,, Queen of Whites, superb variety 3 6

CINERARIAS, splendid strain ... per 100, 10s. 6rf. I 6

CALCEOLARIAS, herbaceous, beautiful strain ... 2 6
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, very choice, from

stage flowers, mixed 1 6

PRIMROSES, splendid hybrids ... per 100, 10s. Orf. 1 6

POLYANTHUS. Gold-laced, fine per 100, 75. 6(/. 1 0

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,
NORWICH.

Septembek 17, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

331

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

I have pleasure in announcing that the
NEW BULB CATALOGUE, in two parts, is
now ready, and is perhaps the most complete
Bulb Catalogue ever published— no Hardy or
Forcing Bulb claiming any real usefulness is
omitted ; the Catalogue is Illustrated with
several iieyf Engravings. Copies may be had
upon application.

NARCISSUS and DAFFODILS,

for which the Tottenham House has a world-
wide reputation amongst both Trade and Ketail
Buyers, occupy a considerable portion of this
Catalogue — including an almost innumerable
nimiber of forms from the old popular garden
sorts to the most modern hybrids, as well as
many newly discovered varieties. It is necessary
that Orders for these should reach me early,
as the demand is very great.

LILIES.

It is scarcely necessary to remind readers
of this Journal that I have one of the finest
Collections in the country, and this portion of the
Catalogue will be found of special interest to all
who delight in any of the many and very varied
forms of this interesting family. This section is
embellished with many high-class Engravings,
now introduced for the first time; and these,
although naturally much reduced, give a most
correct idea of the style both of growth and
flower, of the Lilies they illustrate.

DUTCH BULBS

have not been neglected in this New Catalogue,
and most complete collections of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS. &c., occupy several pages.
All the varieties offered are tried sorts, and the
prices in many cases unusually low.

FORCING BULBS

will be found fully detailed at competitive prices,
including KOMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER
WHITE NARCISSUS, LILY of the VALLEY,
SPIR^AS, TUBEROSES, &c.

IRIS

in endless variety. Very extensive collections of

English, Spanish, Siberian, German, Japanese,

and other forms : my collection of these is very
complete.

CALIFORNIAN, CAPE, AND
MEXICAN BULBS.

Very extensive Lists of these, including
CALOCHORTUS and CYCLOBOTHRA,
AMARYLLIS, MILLAS, NERINES, &c.

HELLEBORES.

A very grand Collection, in many showy use-
ful varieties. All fine home-grown stuff.

Catalogue may he had gratuitously and
post-free upon application.

Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

Kent, the Garden of England.

.BUNYARD&CO.

The Old Nurseries,
MAIDSTONE, KENT,

Beg to call attention to their Superb Stock of

400,000

FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES,

which emliraces

800 Kinds True to Name,

remarkable for culture and extent.

An Inspection is Solicited. There are fre-
quent trains by South-Eastern and Chatham and
Dover Railways from London ; and Barming
Station, on the latter, is in the great Fruit Tree
Nursery.

The NEW CATALOGUE— which
is fully Illustrated and Descriptive —
free for 6 stamps; Gratis to Purchasers.

Tlio Trees are traiued iu all forms
suitable for the Market Grower, or
for Garden Culture, and there are
thousands of Fruiting Trees in stock,
Cordons, &c.

There are also 40 Acres of

FORESTTREES, CONIFERS, EVERGREENS,
AND FLOWERING STUFF;

and intending Planters wordd find
this department well worth their
attention, as the stuff is remarkable
for fibrous roots. Catalogues gratis.

ROSES are well grown,

and both Teas and H.P.'s are fully-
ripened and well-rooted. New Listfree.

Liberal Terms for Carriage, Package, and

Discount. Distance no object.

Established 1796.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I.. Third SmM, .IAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. EICHABDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NEW EDITION,

Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Pnce Sd., Post-free 3^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1887.

CEORCE BUNYARD & CO.,

MAIDSTONE, KENT.

A MONTH AT THE CAPE.

CContinued fioii p.m.)

T THINK the most valuable information I got
-■- whilst collecting plants in South Africa was
in relation to bulbs. As a rule, the bulbs we
grow in pots are only partially buried in the soil,
and frequently not at all, the bottom of the bulbs
resting on the top of the soil. But amongst all
those I saw growing wild at the Cape, the only
plant I found with its bulbs above ground was Cyr-
tanthus obliquus. All the others — amongst them
Scillas, Albucas, Vallotas, Crinums, Nerines,
Hajmanthuses, Buphanes, Brunsvigias, &c. — were
buried under the soil. The other Cyrtanthi — and
I found three species besides the above — were
down deep, as much as a foot sometimes, beloW
the surface. Digging out the bulbs was very
difficult, e.specially where the land was stony,
the bulb often being wedged under large stones.
Except the Cyrtanthus obliquus all the other bulbs
were well buried, I had previously learnt from
experience that some Criniuiis are happiest when
the bulbs are buried under the soil, but I was
not prepared to find that instead of being the
exception, burying was the rule — so far, at least,
as South African bulbs were concerned. Irida--.
ceous plants, such as Watsonias, Gladioli, Antho-
lyzas, and Sparaxis, are a long way down below
the surface, and their collection on stony land,
on a hot day, with a temperature of about 120°
in the sun, was almost too great a task. No
doubt the bulbs are deep in the soil because of
the periods of drought they have sometimes to
withstand in the growing season. I have seen
the rain come down in torrents in the morning,
then it would clear away, the sun would come
out, and by afternoon everything would be dry
and parched again and the dust blow in clouds -
so soon is the water licked up or drained away on
the high lands. Whether the plants mentioned
above will thrive best when planted deep is yet
problematical, but we are trying them at Kew
this year, and so far the experiment is a great
success. The soil at the Cape is, as a rule, very
sandy and open.^ Along the coast at Port Eliza-

332

THE GABDENER8' CHBONICLE.

[September 17, 1887.

beth the hills of sand were covered with a rich
vegetation, and so far as I could find out there
was nothing but pure white sand for several feet
down. It is possible to account for the depth at
which most bulbs grow there by pointing out
that drought on the one hand compels the plants
to get down deep in search of moisture, whilst
the open sandy character of the soil allows the
heit and air to descend to the bulbs during their
resting season and ripen them. AVe may get
ihi^e plants to grow well when planted deep, but
ci 1 we ripen the bulbs and obtain flowers when
th3y are so low down ?

I I Ihe course of my wanderings among the
hill> rnd valleys of Grahamstown and neigh-
hoj 1 1 met with many interesting garden plants,
mi 17 of them growing under conditions which
surprised me, and opened my eyes to what must
be mistaken treatment for the plants in our
gardens.

Cyrtanthus. — Of this beautiful genus I collected
bulbs of four species, viz., C. obliquus, C. angusti-
foliu5, C. coUinus, and C. (Gastroneraa) sanguineus.
The first is the largest of all known species, and is
remirkable for the size of its bulbs, which grow in
clusters above the surface of the ground. On the
Peddie Road, to the north of Grahamstown, this
species was seen in great abundance. Miss North
painted her beautiful picture (No. 350) there, possibly
from the magnificent clump, the finest we could see,
which Mr. Galpin and I dug up and brought home,
and which is now growing at Kew. Its flowers
are in large pendent heads on erect flattened
B:apes; they are orange, yellow, and green in
colour. This plant grows on rocky flats in a sandy
peat and in full sunshine, nothing taller than
itself being near. In March it was in full growth,
and the flowers would appear about June. In Eng-
land this plant is seldom seen or heard of in flower,
but it must be a magnificent sight when bearing its
large, richly-coloured blossoms.

C. collinu^ is much smaller than the above. It has
narrow leaves, bulbs the size of pigeon's eggs, and a
8ca;)e a foot or more long, bearing about six sub-
ventricf se flowers of the brightest Poppy-scarlet.
To nici t with this rare beauty growing amongst
large su nes, its brilliant flowers sparkling in the sun,
was a great delight. We gathered every bulb we
saw, -it^ven in all, and these took two of us over an
hour to get. As already stated, the bulbs of this
were buried 6 inches or more below the surface.
There were no leaves on the plants when we gathered
them in flower.

C. angustifolius. — This species is said to flower
only under very peculiar circumstances. Mr. Galpin,
who knows and has watched for years the most in-
teresting plants in the neighbourhood of Grahams-
town, informed me that he had never found the
flowers of this Cyrtanthus except where there had
been a fire on the "veldt." The farmers sometimes
fire the grass and weeds to render the land more
ft;rtile, and to clear it, and if the Cyrtanthus should
happen to be among the plants on the piece fired it
is almost certain to push up its flower-spikes a few
weeks afterwards. Mr. Galpin had made inquiries
as to the whereabouts of burnt "veldt, and" took me
one afternoon to search where a fire had been. Sure
<^nough, there we found plenty of the beautiful glow-
ing scarlet flowers standing out among their charred
blackened surroundings. They had no leaves, and
the bulbs were buried from 6 inches to 1 foot below
the surface. Mr. Galpin suggested that certain con-
ditions favourable to the flowering of these plants
were only obtainable after the grass had been burnt,
the fire-heat itself probably being one. Here is a
" wrinkle " for growers of Cape bulbs, but how to
ti|rn it to account seems " a poser." I heard an
amusing story in connection with this plant which
seems worth recording. A gentleman from Grahams-
town had, he said, recently visited Kew, and made
inquiries after the Cyrtanthi grown there. On being
ftlinwn the p'aiitp, and h-arnipff that thev did not

flower, he asked for a bundle of straw, which he
threw over them and set on fire. Calling at Kew a
few weeks afterwards he found the plants in beau-
tiful bloom. I had to go to Grahamstown to learn
that this had happened at Kew, for I had no know-
ledge of this remarkable occurrence, and certainly I
ought to have known had it really happened !

C. (Gastro7ie)}ia)saJif/ui7ieitslfonQd in a wood along
the Bufifalo River, near East London, It seems to
prefer shade and moisture. It belongs to a diflferent
and comparatively easily-managed section of the
genus from the three above-mentioned kinds.

Sparaxis pulcherrima was abundant everywhere,
and in some parts about Grahamstown and King
"William's Town we mi-t with acres and acres of it ;
very few were in flower, but its long grass-like foli-
age waved about in the wind, and 1 could easily
imagine what a glorious picture it would present
when bearing its tall, arching spikes of white, pink,
and purplish bells. I was told that considerable
variation in the colour of the flowers occurred among
these wild plants ; of course, we have variety among
the plants grown for the English market in Scilly
and elsewhere, but this is the supposed result of
cultivation.

H(?)7ianthiis. — This genus was represented by three
species about Grahamstown, viz., H. albiflos, which
is common under bushes in rocky places, its bulbs
and roots being covered by a layer of leaf-mould ;
II. coccineus, also in the same sort of place, but less
plentiful ; and H. sp., a small plant, with smooth,
glaucous leaves not more than 3 inches long, and an
erect scape 4 inches high, bearing a compact head of
pale flesh-coloured flowers. This we found on a
wide plain near a small lake (there called Vlei) on
the Peddie Road. It may possibly prove a minor
form of H. carneus. On the same plain the withered
flower-heads of Buphanes and Brunsvigias were
plentiful, but most of them being blown free by the
wind it was impossible to find the builds that had
produced thera. We saw no signs of foliage, and the
bulbs, Mr. Galpin said, were buried at such a depth
that it was hard work getting them even when dis-
covered. Near this place I saw plants of the pretty-
fruited Ochna atropurpurea {0. multiflora), which
Mr. B. S. Williams distributed a few years ago.
Apparently this interesting plant ought to be grown
in a sunny greenhouse, rather than in a stove as
recommended. But the grandest plant I saw
there was

Erythrina Humei, the dwarf " Kaffirbooni," of
which several good examples are now in flower in
the Palm-house at Kew. Unlike E. caffra, which
forms a tree nearly as large as an Oak, this species is
a shrub of about 5 feet in height, branching freely,
with bright green foliage, and flowers of the most
brilliant scarlet colour. As a greenhouse plant this
Coral tree ought to become a general favourite, for
it is evidently easy to manage, requires only warm
greenhouse treatment, and yields, under proper
culture, an annual display of its dazzling flowers.
It blooms in the warmer part of the Temperate-
house at Kew, as well as in the Palm-house. E.
caff'ra is common enough in some of the towns,
where it forms large trees, and makes a magnificent
show when covered with its thousands of scarlet
flower-spikes. It does not flower until it gets to be
a tree of considerable size.

Tccoma Mac/ccnU. — I am reminded of this magnifi-
cent plant here, because the flnest example I saw
of it was growing on an old worn-out Erythrina tree.
The species is a native of the Transkei region, which
is north of Grahamstown, and it is now oue of the
commonest of climbers in the town gardens. In
the Botanic Gardens at Port Elizabeth it grew in a
great mass, towering high above a tall fence, and
its enormous racemes — sheaves, one might call them
— of large trumpet-shaped rose-lilac blossoms were
a delightful surprise to me. I do not think this
Tecoma is known in England, and if it can be made
to flower here as abundantly as it does in the Cape
gardens it will make a sensation. Tecomas of all
kinds, both native and e.xotic. were there in great
beauty, but none of thera equalled this rosy-flowered
native, [For further particulars r^^spoctip^ this

Tecoma, see another column. Ed.]. Tecoma capensis
is a common hedge plant all over the Cape, and it
makes a good hedge, too, if kept clipped, whilst the
bright orange Honevsuckle flowers are borne plen-
tifully, and' look very fine. In the bush it is fre-
quently met with. The North American and Japan-
ese Tecomas were also in full splendour in the
gardens at the time of my visit. IK. Watson, Kew.
(To be continued.)

New or Noteworthy Plants.

TECOMA MACKENII.

So far as I can ascertain, this magnificent South
African climber is practically unknown in English
gardens, and as it possesses characters such as are
certain to make it popular as a greenhouse plant, I
set down here what I know about it. T. Mackenii
was discovered by a Mr. A. White in the St. John's
Kiver territory about twenty years ago, and culti-
vated by him in his garden there. Mr. McKen, of
Durban, obtained it from him and sent it home, as
he did many more new species. But the Tecoma
does not appear to have got established " at home,"
nor can I find who is the authority for the name the
plant bears. Specimens of it in the Kew herbarium
are unnamed, although there since 1867. In 1870 we
received seeds of it from Mr. Tidniarsh, of Grahams-
town, under this name, but as the plant was then
unknown no particular attention was paid to it.
When in Grahamstown last winter I saw magnificent
specimens of it in flower ; I also saw it at Port
Elizabeth and at Cape Town. Apparently it is a
popular garden plant at the Cape. On an old tree
stump at the corner of a road in Grahamstown there
was a great mass of this Tecoma, about 10 feet
through and 15 feet liigh, covered with immense
racemes of large trumpet-shaped flowers, quite 3 inclies
long and broad, and of the brightest rose-lilac colour
with a yellow blotch in the throat. We have no
Tecoma like this, but as it is apperently easily grown
in a greenhouse there is no reason why it should not
All as large a place under glass as T. radicans and T.
grandiflora do out-of-doors.

And now about the name of this plant. It is, as I
have said, known at the Cape as T. Mackenii, and
there is a plant at Kew which has borne that name
since 1S79. But in tlie January number of this
year's Bidlelin of the Tuscan Horticultural Society
there occurs a figure (a very bad one) of this plant,
and a botanical description under the name of T.
llicasoliana. There can be no doubt as to its
identity with T. Mackenii, Mr. N. E. Brown having
seen and compared the specimens, which had been
grown in Italy. M. Bruant, nurseryman, of Poitiers,
distributed the same thing in 1885, as T. rosea, and
Mr. Bull oft'ers it under the same name in his cata-
logue of 1886. He says : — " T. rosea, a remark-
ably handsome greenhouse climber, imported from
South Africa. It has opposite pinnate leaves, and
bears magnificent racemes, 3 — 4 feet in length, of
large showy, trumpet-shaped flowers, which are of a
rosy lilac colour." Plants from Tidmarsh, from
Bruant, and from Bull are in the Kew collection,
and they are exactly alike in every point. W. W.

Two New Haedt Annuals ; Venidicm hirsdtdm,
Hare. ; AND V. fogax, Harvey*

These two pretty annuals, which were received at
Kew from Continental gardens under wrong names,
I find, upon comparison in the Kew herbarium, to
belong to the above-named species. Both are much
branched from the base, free-flowering, and rather
showy.

V. hirsutum grows to 10 or 12 inches high, and is
covered on the stem, leaves, and outer involucral
scales with rather soft jointed hairs. The leaves are
lyrate-pinnatifid, the radical ones are petiolate, with
large broadly elli|)tic-oblong, deeply lobed terminal
lobes, the petioles scarcely or not at all auricled at
the base ; the uppermost leaves are very much smaUer

Skptlmblr 17, 1887.]

THE GARDENEHS' CHBONICLE.

333

and sessile, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatilid. Outer
involucre scales herbaceous, with recurving ovate
tii)s, inner scales membranous, with broad rounded
lips tinted with purplish. Heads li — ]J inch in
diameter, bright orange-yellow, but not of so deep a
tint as in V. fugax, disc blackish. This plant was
received at Kew as V. speciosum.

V.f/tgax attains a height of about 18 indies under
cultivation, and has the stem, leaves, and outer invo-
lucral .scales clotlied with sliort hairs. Root-leaves
petiokite, elliptic, obtuse, sinuate, or lobed, or sub-
ijTate, the petioles sometimes slightly auricled at the
base, but generally without auricles ; upper leaves
sessile, sometimes slightly auricled at the base, entire
or slightly sinuate-toothed, some of those towards
the base of the stems somewhat pandurate. Outfr

fluence of moisture and a rich soil upon annuals of
such dry regions as the Cape, the greater amount of
branching stouter stems and larger leaves being very
striking as compared with South African wild sjicci-
mens. iV. E. Brown.

L.liLI.V ELKG-VNS (Rohh.f.) INCANTANS, U. I'ttr.

The flowers are equal to the largest I have seen.
I have before me five on one inHorescence. The
long and rather broad sepals ai.d petals are of a dark
n.iukeen colour, suftused at the edges with a
very light purple shade. I cannot, however, say
whether this last-mentioned quality may not be an
indication of fading. The lip is nearly that of L;clia
elegans Houtteana, but with antrorse side-Iacinl;e ;
the mid-lacinia a id top of ih; side-lacinia; are of the

73. — DKSDEOnilM lAUMKHI.

involucre scales with herbaceous linear-spathulate
recurving tips, inner scales membranous with broadly
rounded pale greenish tips. Flower-heads l.V inch
in diameter, ray bright orange, a little paler beneath,
disc blackish. This plant was received at Kew as
V. calendulaceum, and it is no doubt the plant
figured under that name in liciMie Hurticole, 1857,
p. 123, f. 53, but can scarcely be the V. calendu-
laceum of Lcssing, as that is described as having the
leaves white, tomentose beneath, which is not the
case in this. Allowing for difference in .size due to
cultivfition there can, I think, be no doubt, whatevi'r,
that 1 have correctly identified this with V. fugax,
for although Harvey describes that species as having
the rays marked with black spots at the base, no such
spots are discoverable on Drege's specimen in the
Kew Herbarium, named by Harvey and quoted in the
Flnra Capeiisis as forming one of the type specimens,
These two plants are excellent examples of the iu-

durkest ric'iest purjile. The disc between the side-
lacinite are reddish, the remaining parts wiiite,
partly suffused with lightest sulphur. Column green
at the base, white and purple.

This gorgeous inflorescence was kindly sent me by
Mr. ¥. Sander as a treasure coming from Mr. K. II.
Measures, The Woodlands, Streatham, the owner of
Laelia elegans Measuresiana. The plant is grand.
H.G.Eclih.f.

Parasite on Tobacco Plants.— In a report

on crop experiments in the Bombay Presidency for
188(3, it is stated that in the Southern Manitha
country and Deccan a Broom Rape (Orobanche)
prevents the successful gi-owth of Tobacco except at
very long intervals. A crop in the Bigapnr district
was so poor as not to pay for cutting, on land which
had not gi'own Tobacco for seven years. There
were, it is said, more plants of the parasite than of
Tobacco.

DENDKOBIUM FAilMEllI.

The illustration (fig. 73) represents a fine speci-
men of this s])ecies grown by Jlr. Wills, gardener to
Mrs. Pearce, The Firs, Bassett, Southampton. It
grew in a shallow basket of 9 inches in width and
lireadth, and produced, at the last time of flowering,
forty racemes of flowers. This species partakes of
the habit of U. densiflorum, and, like that one, is
evergi'een. The stems, which are clavate, spring
from a knob-like base, are dee]dy furrowed, and
quadrangular ; from two to lour leathery leaves
spring from tlie top of the stem. The flowers pos-
sess ovate obtuse sepals ; the lip is pale yellow and
pubescent, of a richer yellow in the centre, and
toothed at the margin ; the larger petals are yellow-
ish-white, sutt'used with faint rose. The jdant
blooms in April and May, and is found to do well
under the treatment found suitable for D. densi-
florum. It is a native of northern India.

THE HOP PLANT LOUSE.*

The author has been for several years carrying on
investigations \vith a view of ascertaining the full
annual life-history of Phorodon humuli, and especi-
ally with a view of settling the hitherto mooted
'lUL'stion as to its winter life. The importance of
the inquiry, both from the economic and tlie scien-
tiric sides, is self-evident. The Hop crop, in all
])arts of Europe where it is grown, and especially in
England, annually suffers more or less from the
ravages of this, its worst insect enemy, and in some
years is a total failure. The same is true in North
America, at least east of the Ilocky Mountains,
and last year the injuries of this Phorodon in
the Hop growing regions of the State of
New York were so great that many Hop
yards were abandoned and have since been
liloughed up, while but 10 per cent, of an average
crop was harvested. From the purely scientific side,
entomologists, notwithstanding the great interest
attaching to^the subject, have been divided in opinion
.u to the identity, or specific relationship, of the Hop
Phorodon, and one that occurs on Prunus, while the
complete annual cycle of the insect's life has remained
.1 mysten'. After full and satisfactory investigations,
I am satisfied that, contrary to the prevailing im-
ju-ession among Hop-growers and previous investi-
ji^itors, the Hop plant-louse does not hibernate under-
ground on the roots of the Hop ; nor in, on, or about
anything in the Hop-yard ; but that, upon the advent
of the first severe frosts, the Hop plant and the Hop
uirds are entirely cleared of the species in any form.
I find that all statements to the contrary in America
are based on misapprehension or mistaken identity
of species, and I believe (though admitting the possi-
bility of variation in this respect in milder climates)
that the same will be found to hold true in
England, where hybernation on the Hop root has
been accepted by high authority. The positive
statements made about eggs being laid in autumn,
whether on roots or upon the bines left in cutting, or
which are carted away, are based on conjecture, and
have been blindly copied without credit by one writer
from anotlier — a practice too common among second-
hand writers on economic entomology.

The conjectures of some of the best students of
aphidology, that Phorodon humuli had a form
(malaheb, Eonsc.) living on Prunus, and that there is
a consequent migration from one plant to the other, I
have positively proved to be correct by direct colo-
nising from Prunus to Humulus, and by continuous
rearing from the original stem-mother hatched from
the winter-egg.

The observations have been made on growing
plants, and in vivaria at \yashington, and checked
by others made simultaneously in Hop yards at
Kichfield Springs, N.Y. An incident may here be

* T/ii Problem of the Hop P! ant Louse (Phorodon hitmnH,
Sclirauk;, in Europe and America. By Professor C. V.
Riley. Fiill abstract of a paper read before Section D of the
British Association for the Artvancempnt of Science, Man-
clu.'^tcr, Sftptf'inber li, 11^37.

S§4

mE GJitDENt:ns' crmoNicLR

[Septfmuer 1?, 186?.

recorded as illustrating the effect of meteorological
extremes upon aphides. The extreme heat (over
100^ F.) and dryness of Jul v 17 and 18 killed every
one of the insects under observation at Washington,
entirely clearing the plants. The economic bearing
of such exceptional phenomena, as also of the biologic
observations made, is readily understood.

The more important conclusions from the studies
60 far made are thus summed up in a paper which I
had the honour to read before the American Associa-
tion, at its recent meeting in Xew York : —

1. Phorodon hurauli hibernates in the winter-egg
state, this egg being fastened to the twigs (generally
the previous years growth) of dilTerent varieties and
species of Prunus, both wild and cultivated. The
egg is dilTicult to detect because it is covered with
particles which resemble the bark in colour and
appearance. It is generally laid singly, and when
freed from disguising particles is seen to be ovoid, and
0.04 mm. long.

2. The annual life-cycle is begun upon Prunus by
the stem-mother, which hatches from this winter
egfi;. This stem-mother is stouter than tiie indi-
viduals of any of the other generations, with the
leg^, antenme, and honey tubes relatively shorter ;
while the cornicles between the antenni\i are sub-
obsolete. The colour is uniform, pale green, with
bright red eyes and faintly dusky tarsi.

3. Three parthenogenetic generations are pro-
duced upon Prunus — the second at once distinguished
by its more elongate form, much longer members,
distinct cornicles, and markings of darker green ;
while the third, or typical Malaheb form becomes
Winged, and instinctively abandons the Plum, and
migrates to the Hop, The habit of moving from
plant to plant after giving birth to an individual,
and thus scattering the germs of infection on
Humulus, is well marked in this winged generation.

4. During the development of the three Plum-
feeding generations the Hop is always free, and
subsequently, until the return migration, the Plum
becomes more or less fully free from infection by this
species.

6. A number of parthenogenetic, wingless genera-
tions are produced on the Hop (seven or the tenth
ffom the stem-mother on the Plum having been traced
up to August 5, and advices of the eleventh up to
August 11) having been recei\*ed since my arrival in
England), and finally there is a return migration of
winged females to the Plum in autumn. The wing-
less Hop generations are not only incapable of
migrating to the Plum, hut do not thrive upon it
when artificially transferred thereto.

6. Exact observations are not yet complete as to
the full number of generations produced u])on the
Hop before the winged return migrant appears, and
another month's careful watching and experiment is
needed to fill this hiatus in the annual cycle, as also
to ascertain the exact number of generations pro-
duced In autumn on the Plum. From knowledge
extant and previous general observation, the facts
will probably prove to be as follows : —

7. The eleventh or twelfth generation will pro-
dace winged females (from the middle to the end of
August), which will deposit their young upon the
Pluui and these will become the only sexed indi-
viduals of the year, the male winged and the female
wingless, the latter, after coition, consigning a few
impregnated or winter eggs to the twigs.

8. Up to August 5 the first females on Hops wore
still alive and breeding, having existed two montlis.
There is consequently an increasing admixtur; of
generations from the first on the Hop until frost over-
takes the species in all conditions, and sweeps from
the Hop yard all individuals alike, perpetuating in
the egg state those only wliich reach the sexual
condition on the Plum.

9. Each parnthenogenetic female is capable of pro-
ducing, on an average, one hundred young (the stem-
mother probably being more prolific) at the rate of
one to BIX, or an average of three per day, under
favourable conditions. Each generation begins to
breed about the eighth day afier birth, so that the
issue from a single individual easily runs up, in the

course of the summer to trillions. The number of
leaves (700 hills, each with two poles and two bines)
to an acre of Hops, as grown in thp United States,
will not, on the average, exceed a million before the
period of blooming or burring; so that the issue
from a single stem-mother may, under favouring cir-
cumstances, blight hundreds of acres in the course
of two or three months.

10. While meteorological conditions may mate-
rially affect the increase and power for injury of the
species, these are far more truly pre-determined and
influenced by its natural enemies, many ot which
have been studied and will be described.

11. The slight colorational ditlVrences, as also
the structural differences, including the variation in
the cornicles on head and basal joints of antenna%
whether upon Plum or Hop, are peculiarities of
brood, and have no specific importance whatever,

12. The exact knowledge thus gained simplifies
the protection of the Hop plant from Phorodon
attack. Preventive measures should consist in
destroying the insect on the Plum in early spring
where the cultivation of the fruit is desired, and the
extermination of the wild trees in the woods wherever
the Hop interest is paramount ; also in avoiding the
introduction of the pest into new Hop countries in
the egg-state upon Plum cuttings or scions. Direct
treatment is simplified by the fact that the careful
grower is independent of slovenly neighbours, infec-
tion from one Hop yard to another not taking place.

Experiments, still under way, have sliown that
there are many effective remedies, and that the
ordinary kerosene emulsion diluted with 25 parts
of water and sprayed with the cyclone nozzle, or
a soap made by boiling 1 lb. of pure potash in 3
pints of fish oil and 3 gallons of water, and this
dissolved in 8 gallons of water, and sprayed in the
same way, are thoroughly effectual remedies, and
leave the plant uninjured. The former costs 7o cents,
the latter 30 cents per acre, plus the time of two
men for three hours, plus appliances.

The object of further experimentation now being
carried on, is to simplify and reduce the cost of these
last to a minimum. As they consist, however, essen-
tially of a portable tank, and a force-pump with hose
and spraying attachment, which, together, need not
involve a greater first outlay than 5 to 10 dollars,
and as every American Hop grower can afford to
axpend the larger sum for the protection of a single
acre, there is no longer any excuse for allowing this
pest to get the better of us.

It is not my purpose, however, to enter into aphidi-
cide details in this communication, which I will con-
clude by brief reference to the bearings of these
discoveries in America on the problem in Great
Britain. The most comprehensive and satisfactory
review of the knowledge possessed on the sub-
ject in England that has come to my notice
is that by my esteemed friend and corre-
spondent, Miss Eleanor A. Omerod, Consulting
Entomologist of your Royal Agricultural Society,
in her " Report of Observations of Injurious Insects,"
&c,, made in 1885. So far as her own careful ob-
servations are concerned, they fully accord with the
facts here set forth; but on the authority of others,
and especially on the evidence of Mr. C. Whitehead,
who reported finding young lice and large viviparous
females on Hop shoots as early as March 29, and
that of Mr. A. AVard, who experimented with surface
dressings near Hereford, Miss Ormerod concludes
that attack on the Hop begins in spring from Wing-
less females, which come up from the Hop hills, and,
as a corollary, that dressings to prevent such ascent
are strongly to be recommended. It is quite within
the range of possibility, and what is known of aphid
life, that where the winters are mild, with scarcely
any frost, this Phorodon may continue on the Hop
from one year to another in the parthenogenetic con-
dition. If .such is ever the case in England you have
a somewhat different set of facts to deal with here
from what we have in America ; but for the reasons
already stated in abstract, from many other detailed
observations which it wouhl be tedious to record
here, as well as from the ease with wliich erroneous

conclusions are arrived at in entomological matters of
this kind, where not checked and proved by the most
competent and careful study, I shall be inclined to
believe that the fivcts in England are essentially the
same as I have found them in America, until con-
vincing and trustworthy evidence to the contrary
be forthcoming. Mr. Whitehead may have had
another species under observation, and Mr. Ward's
surface dressings may have acted by repelling
the winged female migrating from Prunus in the
same way that Buckwheat sown among the Hops
is believed to do with us.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

LJOLIA MONOniYLLA.
This remarkable little plant, quite unique in liabit
and general appearance amongst Liclias, is now
flowering in tlie Kew collection. It is remarkable
for the absence of pseudobulbs, the erect stem being
about the thickness of a crowquill ; also for the
dwarf compact habit and intense cinnabar-orange
flowers. These measure 2 inches across, and are
borne singly at the ajjex of tlie peduncle, the colour
being uniform throughout tlie flower, except that the
anther-case is purple, and the lip has a few markings
of this colour. The pseudobulb often bears only a
single leaf, as its name would imply, though occa-
sionally two are borne, as may be seen on the Kew
plant. In size and colour the jjlant may be com-
piired with Sophronitis grandiHora, though the
slender erect habit is very different. It is a native
of the mountains of Jamaica, where it was discovered
by the late Dr. Bancroft upwards of half a century
ago, and communicated to Sir William Hooker. It
occurs on trees at an elevation of 3000 — 5000 feet
above sea level. It was called Trigonidium mono-
phyllum by Grisebach in the Fhraof the Brithh West
Indies, tlien referred to Octodesraia by Mr. Bentham,
and finally to La;lia by Mr. N. E. Brown. From the
latter genus there is little to distinguish it except
the peculiar habit. A figure may be seen at t. 6683
of the Botanical Magaziiu;.

ACINETA BaBKERI.

Two plants of the above singular and handsome
species have just produced their remarkable pen-
dulous racemes from the bottom of the basket in
wliich they grow, and form objects of considerable
inteaest in the Kew collection. Each raceme bears
about sixteen to twenty flowers, tlie colour being
yellow, with numerous small brownish spots. It was
formerly called Peristeria, and was figured as such
by Mr. Batcman in his Oir/iidacea; of Mexico and
Guatemala, who remarks : — " Tliis fine Peristeria was
discovered in one of those dark ravines with which
the neighbourhood of Xalapa abounds by a Mr. John
Koss, who has lately been ransacking the Mexican
flora."

OnCIDIDM LANCEiNUM,

A very handsome species, and one of the best of
the Oncidiums. Its large, thick, and leathery leaves,
with numerous small black spots, give it a bold and
striking appearance. The racemes overtop the leaves
and bear a number of large and very handsome
flowers. The sepals and petals are equal in size, the
colour being a dull yellowish, but very heavily sjiotted
and marbled with brown. The basal portion of the
lip, including the very remarkable flattened callus,
and the column wings, are dark violet-purjile, the
front lobe of the lip being lilac-purple. The base of
the column is pale yellow. Altogether the arrange-
ment of colours is very striking. A fine plant is
now flowering at Kew.

'Masdevallia iirEnofiT.vpnicA.
This is a little gem, of wliich a plant may at
the present time be seen flowering at Kew. 1
belongs to the group of M. Kstradtc, which it much
resembles. The flowers are solitary, somewhat cup-
shaped, the colour light rosy-purple, somewhat
marbled on the upper sepal ; the segments bearing

SEPfEMBEn i7, i8S)._

THE GAliDENt:iiS' CMliONICLE.

335

slender yellowish tails, which invariably turn down-
wards, givinfr tlic plant a very graceful appearance.
Like tlie majority of its allies, the plant is a- native
of New Granada.

PlEUROTIIALLIS TRIBCLGIDSS.

Brick -red flowers are, perhaps, not very desirable
among Orcliids— tliat is, from a cultivator's point of
view; but, desirable or not, such is the colour of tliis
curious little plant, of which a specimen may now be
seen at Kew. The flowers are very numerous, if that
is any redeeming feature, but being very small and
borne at the base of the leaves, just above the moss,
they are not very conspicuous. Indeed tlie wliole
plant can hardly be called conspicuous, being some-
where about 2 inches high, though it is certainly a
little curiosity, and as sucli may perhaps find a place
in some collections. It certainly has not the fault of
taking up too much room. /i'. A. Ii.

Cattleva calummat.vx.
A plant of this species is now in flower in the
collection of C. Dorman, Esq., at Sydenham. It is
a handsome hybrid, raised, I believe, by Jf. Alfjed
Bleu, of Paris, by crossing C. Aclandia; and C. in-
termedia. The plant has been figured in the Orchid
Album, pi. ICG, whicli figure gives the sep.\l3 and
petals white dotted with magenta - purple spots,
whereas Mr. Dorman 's plant has flowers the sepals
and petals of which are spotted, on a bufl' ground,
the lip being of a rich magenta-purple colour.

Co:\U'An:;TTiA mackoplectron
is also in flower. It is distinct, and is welcome at
this season. The Comparettias are not so much
grown in ordinary collections of Orchids as they
should be, as some of the species ai-e very beautiful,
and being of small growth take up but little space.
They are best grown in smiiU baskets or pans sus-
pended from the roof of the Cattleya-house. The
above species is, perhaps, the handsomest of the
genus. It seems to have been described for the first
time in the Gardeners Chronicle, by Dr. Keichcnbach,
under the name of C. speciosa (vol. x., 2nd ser., p.
624), from dried specimens sent by M. Edward Kla-
boch. Fresh flowers were sent the following season to
him from Messrs. Low, and it is described at vol. xi.,
2nd ser., p. 398, as C. macroplectron. The flowers
on Jlr. Dorman 's plant are of a lovely rose colour,
spotted with deeper rose.

ODONTOOLossnM Harrtancm.
A plant of this is growing with great vigour in
Mr. Dorman 's collection of cool Orchids, one plant
showing a strong spilie of flowers. This is not only
proving to be a vigorous-growing species, but it is also
one of the most beautiful Odonloglossums introduced
since 0. crispum found its way into English gardens,
I saw flowers of it the other day in Messrs. Veitch's
nursery at Chelsea, 3} inches across, of a rich yellow
colour, the sepals and petals marked with purplish-
maroon lines and spots, the front part of the labellum
rich clear yellow.

C.VTTI.EYA PORPHYROPHLEBIAX,

a recent hybrid, is also in flower in Messrs. Veitch's
nursery. It is a cross between C. intermedia and
C. superba, and althougli the plants have all been
raised from one pod of seeds, there are varieties with
light and dork leaves and bulbs amongst them, and
the flowers will doubtless vary in colour like the
leaves. The variety in flower was very striking, the
sepals and petals pale rosy-purple, the labellum rich
purple, with a touch of crimson, and peculiarly
crisped and wavy at the margin.

CVPRIPEDIUM MACROPTERtTM X ,

a cross between C. superbiens and C. Lowii, in the
same nursery, has produced a plant quite intermediate
between the two. There is the dorsal sepal of
C. Lowii, but broader, and the declinate lateral
sepals are spotted chocolate as in C. superbiens.
The slipper part of the flower is quite intermediate.
J.D.

OUR NATIVE FERNS.

(ConUnmdfromp.ili.)
Fern Spores. — Amongst the ni.any wonderful
few things which the botanical student comes across,
probably are more striking, when thoughtfully
considered, than the micro-scopical spores of the Cryp-
togamia or flowerlcss plants, and tlie reproductive
phenomena which they present for his observation.

Ferns, the aristocracy of their tribe, aiford the
greatest contrast between the spore and its results.
Take, for instance, the largest of the Tree Ferns :
here we have nothing less than a noble stately tree,
possiijiy 100 feet in height, with a huge spreading
crown and massive trunk in proportion, the whole
of which has been developed from a microscopic
spore, invisible to the naked eye. If we examine
the fronds of that huge tree, we shall probably find
the b.acks entirely covered with small brown patches,
lines, or dots, of which there will be countless
myriads upon a single frond ; yet, notwithstanding
their number, every patch, line, or dot will, under
the microscope, resolve itself into, not merely a heap
of spores, but into a heap of hundreds of capsules or
pods, each of which in its turn, though itself barely
visible, contains som; forty or fifty spores. Hence
there are many thousands of spores in every patch,
or myriadsof millions on every frond, every individual
of which is capable of reproducing the pal'pnt form
in all its luxuriant and stately magnificence.

To bring this illustration of fecundity home to the
mind the writer has estimated the spores upon a
single frond of our native common Polypody (P.
vulgare),and found that one of the subdivisions of the
same size taken from a Tree Fern would yield plants
sufficient to form a wood as large as Epping Forest.
Every frond would bear hundreds of such subdivisions,
and the Tree F'ern would probably bear thirty to
fu'ty fronds every se.ison. A little calculation,
tlierefore, will show that really inconceivable numbers
have to be dealt with. Notwithstanding this mar-
vellous fecundity in point of numbers it h.is been
demonstrated that it does not end here, each spore
being capable of producing, under certain circum-
stances, not merely one, but several plants, so that
there is practically no limits to the reproductive
powers of the Fern flimily.

It will have been gathered from the foregoing
remarks that there must be some essential differ-
ence between these spores and the seeds produced by
flowering pl.ants. In the first place a se.?d is the
resulting product of a fertilised flower, and when sown
the immediate oli'spring is a plant like the parent and
capable of producing flowers in its turn. Place, for
instance, a JIustard seed in the ground, and very
speedily it splits open, a root protrudes and pene-
trates the soil, and immediately thereafter two little
leaves expand, and a Mustard plant is before us
■without further change. The Fern spore, how-
ever, differs by not being the product of fertilisation,
nor does it produce directly a plant anything like the
parent, but another kind of plant altogether, re-
sembling a small green scale. Upon this scale on its
under-surface there are then developed certain organs,
akin to flowers which, in this second generation,
become fertilised, and produce a bud, or we may call
it, perhaps, an attached seed, which then proceeds to
reproduce what we recognise as a Fern, and regard
as the real jiarent.

This small green scale, which is termed a prothal-
lus, is produced from the spore by simple generation
of cells, the first of which emerges from the spore,
and multiplies itself by fission, and the attendant
formation of tiny root-hairs, by which due nourish-
ment is obtained. When this prothallus attains a
small heart-s'iape, generally about a quarter of an
inch in diameter, there are found upon its under-
surface among the root-hairs and elsewhere, many
organs, of two characters, from one kind of which
issue in due course numerous minute organisms, re-
sembling somewhat microscopic tadpoles, which
swim about actively in the moisture around them,
and finally fertilise by contact the other kind of
organs which possess a germ-bud, which then deve-

lopes and completes the reproductive cycle. As both
these organs are scattered over the prothallus, it has
been found that division of the prothallus by a sharp
knife may lead to the production of a corresponding
number of centres of grcwt'i and resulting plants,
where.as if left undivided it would seem that all the
energy of the prothallus is absorbed by some one
centre which obtains predominance, the remainder
perishing.

We gather, then, from this description of the pheno-
mena of reproduction :—l. That the spore must be
located upon a congenial surface, so that when it
bursts the root-hairs may find due nourishment for
further growth. 2. That when the prothallus has
developed the surroundings must permit a deposit of
moisture upon its under surface ; this implies a tho-
roughly moist atmosphere.

It is also manifest from the minuteness of all the
operations that disturbance at the early stages would
probably be fatal, and that insect life, or, indeed, any
life at all, with which the tiny embryo would have to
contend for existence, is to be avoided. AVith these
facts in mind. let us see how to proceed.

How TO sow THE SPORES.

Take a shallow, ])orous, red earthenware pan,
about 3 inches deep, put an inch of broken flower-
pot in the bottom, over that a thin layer of moss or
other fibrous mvterial, then fill up the pan with
ordinary Fern compost upon the top of which scatter ,
a few nodules of clay, press lightly so as to make
fairly flat. Now place a small piece of paper in the
centre, upon which pour gently a whole kettleful of
biiliny w.iter, which the paper will prevent from
disturbing the soil. Remove the paper, place a
sheet of glass over the pan, and let it cool. We
have nowa congenial soil, and all spores of fungi, or
eggs of insects, are killed, thus leaving the Fern
spores a clear field.

Now take a frond bearing ripe spores, i.e., speaking
generally, brown ones, and lay it for a day or two
between tivo sheets of white paper in a dry place.
We shall then find the paper stained with a brownish
dust. This dust is made up of the spores and their
cases, and it is only necessary to tap this sheet gently
over the prepared pan to finish the op3ration. Cover
immediately with the glass. Make a note of your
sowing, species, variety, and date and plice, put the
pan in some damp shady c )rner out of the way,
taking the precaution that worms do not get in from
below. If possible forget its existence for about three
weeks, when, if the wo.at1ier has been warm, a faint
tr.ace of green will be visible, showing the spores
have begun to develope. Very soon the little scales
will become perceptible, and in a few weeks more
the whole p.an will be covered. To this there
succeeds an apparent dormancy, lasting sometimes
for weeks : the reproductive phenomena already
described are, however, now going on, and the next
thing will be the sudden appearance, at first here
and there, and eventually in a crowd, of the first
little fronds proper, when the success of the sowing
may be recorded.

Should, however, the prothalli cover, as is probable,
the whole of the p.an, it becomes manifest that there
will soon be a great struggle for e.xistence, as the
little plants require elbow-room. It is therefore well
at this stage to pre|)are other pans in the way indi-
cated, and with a pointed knife or stick pick out
small patches, about the size of Peas. Insert these
carefully in the soil, just so that they adhere to it,
and about an inch apart, and cover again with glass;
the result will be a greatly accelerated growth.

To the beginner's gre.at surprise, it is most likely
that instead of Ferns appearing as per his register,
other species altogether may predominate, even at
first to the entire exclusion of those he looked for ;
these latter will, however, probably appear later.
This is owing to the fact that some varieties whose
spores naturally fly about and settle upon all the
Ferns around them, germinate and develope much
more rapidly than others ; hence, if any of their
spores have settled upon the fronds from which the
sowing was made, there is no possibility of discrimi-

336

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[SKPTEJtBEH 17, 1887.

iiating tliem, and all that can be done is to weed
them out eventually, should they threaten to choke
out the sorts especially desired.

Tlie next, and, to the foiuioisseiir, the most fasci-
nating stage of Fern propagation by spores, is the
careful search through the resulting crop for new or
improved forms among the rising progeny of already
splendid varieties. Here and theie the experienced
eye will detect some unusual or esjiecially promising
feature as the young fronds develop; these may
either be marked and left where they are, or, better
still, carefully lifted out, and placed in a pan re-
served for that purpose. By-and-by, new fronds
arise, which perhaps confirm, perhaps upset, his
expectations ; but to the persistent cultivator every
now and again his w.armest hopes are more than
crowned, and he has the proud i)leasure of scoring
another success, and adding one more gem to his
and others' collections.

The best time for sowing Tern spores is imme-
diately they are ripe, as this generally gives ample
time for the formation of the pruthallus before the
cold weather sets in. In this case, though they will
remain at a standstill during the winter (unless kept
in a warm house, which should be done whenever
practicable), the young plants will appear in the
spring, and have the whole of the season before them
for development, thus saving a month or two.

For the beginner the Lady Fern is probably the
easiest of all to raise; if the spores of tine varieties
are available, it is just as well to begin with good
fjrms as inferior ones. The male Ferns and Scolo-
dendriums are also likely to yield a successful crop,
but the beginner must not be disheartened by a
failure or two, though with careful following of the
above treatment in every respect success should be
the rule and not the exception. Should the dormant
period, after the formation of the prothallus bo very
protracted, a gentle watering through a fine rose
with warm water (70° or 80° F.) will speedily bring
matters to a crisis, and lead to the young plants
appearing.

Should fimgi appear, or worms get in, it is well to
prick out sound patches of the protlialli at once into
other pans prepared as already indicated ; with care
this can be done at any stage of devcIo])ment.

In selecting spores for sowing not only should the
best varieties be selected, but also the best and most
characteristic portions of the fronds should be sown
from. Thus if a good crested form is in question,
and heavier cresting aimed at, the spores should be
taken from the heaviest crest itself if possible.
Some very fine and constant forms have been raised
from spores taken from plants which only showed a
trace of variation in one small subdivision of a frond,
the spores upon which produced plants so charac-
terised throughout.

As it is very diflicult for the br-ginner to realise
that an insignificant looking patch of spores, no
larger than a small pin's head, will jiroduce many
more plants th.an he is likely to be able to accom-
modate, a word of warning as to sowing too thickly
will not be amiss. The best plan is to put a
very small pinch of spore-dust under a good micro-
scope, which will resolve it into the equivalent of a
peck or so of fair-sized seed, and thus bring home to
him tangibly the extent of the crop he is likely
to reap.

HvDBIDISATION'.

Although, owing to the minute nature of the phe-
nomena this can hardly be effected systematically, as
with the flowering plants, yet the sowing of spores
of several varieties together results sufficiently often
in oftspring of mixed characteristics to show that
crossing does take place. This fact, therefore, may
be borne in mind with advantage, and give additional
interest to this method of propagation. C, T. liriurii,
F.L.S.

The Iufracombe Disaster. — Among the

victims in the s.id disaster at Ilfracombe was Mr.
Frederick .T. Cox, ?on of Mrs. .J. C. Cox, of Ely-
water House, Chard, and articled pn])il to Messrs.
Cannell, the florists of Swanley. The body of the
deceased young man was found on Saturday, Sej)-
tember 3, and was interred at Chard on Wcdnesiday.

MASSING HARDY PL.\NTS
1-UR EFFECT.
In response to the editorial suggestion at p. 280.
permit me to oft'er a few remarks. To begin
with, I think that a very small proportion of
the gardening profession know what is to be
accomplished with hardy plants in the hands of
those who have made their culture and arrangement
a chief feature of their study. It is but little known,
too, what wealth of floral beauty there is lying in
a state of latency, so to speak, but which is
only waiting with patience the tide of fashion, which,
having had her fill of the gorgeous formal arrange-
ment of to-day, must eventually give place to the
more beautiful, not _to say natural and interesting,
arrangements of to-morrow, and which in reality is
only to be brought about by a judicious arrange-
ment of choice hardy plants, in which you can find
something of interest d.iy by day— something to cut
from week by week, and something, too, which to a
very great extent will carpet your beds and borders
for the greater part of the year. But let us see if
we can show how and with what plants such an
arrangement may be made.

Taking, then, a variety of beds situate on the
lawn, and of any shape you please ; we will take
the dullest time of the year, i.e., the autumn and
winter — for it is at this particular time that
we shall feel most in need of straining our re-
sources to the utmost in order to bring about the
desired eflc'Ct. Im.agine, then, th.at the beds
are all vacant, as they almost all invariably are, and
we m.tj- start as we please. Avoiding all formality
of arrangement, take firstly Stellaria graminea
aurea and plant in irregular patches here and there,
and in close proximity to these patches of single or
double Snowdrop.0, so that these may pierce through
the dwarf cushion of the former. Then take Anten-
naria tomentosa and Ajuga reptans atropurpurea,
and dispose hither and thither; and likewise Iberis
corifolia. In each of these you have distinct as well
as ]iermanent and pleasing foliage. Then again, if
these prove insufficient in variety as regards dwarf
subjects, you may fall back on such things as Her-
niaria glabra, Spergula pilifera aurea, Veronica Can-
dida, Arabis mollis variegato, Gentiana acaulis, the
mossy Saxifragas in variety, not forgetting the two
best of them, i.e., S. mnscoides atrojiurpurea and S.
Wallacei syn. (Camposei), Aubrietias in variety,
Lysimachia nummularia aurea, Asperula odoiata,
Cheiranthus alpinus, Silene alpestris. Thymus
lanuginosus, Teucrium aureum, Lithospermum pros-
tratum, Mrs. Sinkins Pink and others. Thrifts,
alpine Phloxes in charming variety, Veronica
rupestris, Acajna microphylla, Crucianella stylosa,
and many more. In these there is great variety of
foliage, together with diversity of form, and sufficient
for the margins of a variety of beds. But we must
not omit the ever flowering Violas, with their
deep green tuft and flowers of pure white,
blue, light and golden yellows, deep violet, and purple,
mauve, and other v.arying and intermediate shades
of each. As all-round bedding plants, sogrcatly varied,
so rich and elegant in tone, so easy of culture,
and so bountiful in supply of bloom, I attach the
greatest importance to those plants. I can testify
from years of close attention to what I believe to be
their requirements that they would, if gardeners
would only take them properly in hand, not only
minimise their labour, which in many cases is so
sparsely given, but that they would beautify the
gardens under their charge to a greater extent than
could ever be dreamnt of. Take for example a bed
of standard or half-standard Koses of, say, Alfred
Colomb, or any other good dark vai-iety, and plant the
surface of the bed with Viola Countess of Ilopetoun,
agrand pure white variety ; or, again, a bed of Gladioli,
of one colour or mixed, and the same Viola as a car-
jiet ; or, again. Lobelia cardinalis and the same Viola ;
again, a bed of Ghent Azaleas, and a rich dark violet
Viola, and Interspersed among the Azaleas some
Lilium candidum, or scarlet Gladioli. Any or all such
arrangements as these would give a lengthened

displ.ay : would prove interesting on account of the
successional flowering of each, and I feel sure needs
only the start to be made to be appreciated ever
after. Such beds as these may with very little trouble
be kept clean and free from weeds, and would
prove an untold pleasure to both the gardener
and his employer. But to return to divarfer
subjects again. This time a few bulbous things, as
Crocus, Tulip, Winter Aconite, Anemone blanda,
A. apennina, A. fulgens, A. coronaria, A. hor-
tensis, Chionodo.-ca Lacili.-c, Bulbocodium vernum,
Scillas, Dog's-tooth Violets, Muscarias, Trilliums,
for peaty, shady nooks ; Iris reticulata, and so on ;
and what a wealth of beauty we find here, with suc-
cessional flowering week after week. Take the
Anemones alone— the grandeur of their flowers, the
diversity of colouring, in some the most vivid and
fiery of scarlets, with others of blue, purple, mauve,
white, rose-pink ; all these, and more, are to be
found in A. coronaria varieties alone ; and as X write
I have in my mind's eye that lichly stored garden
at Belvoir, where these and many others may be
found in the early days of spring in perfection. There
are also Wood Anemones, single and double white ;
and that exquisite shade of sky-blue known as A.
Eobinsoniana. Take again the Snowflakes (Leuco-
jum) and Triteleias in blue and white ; and I think
among bulbous plants we have sufficient variety to
m.ake a good and continuous display for some con-
siderable time, if judiciously disposed .among other
plants, whose foliage will compensate for the absence
of theirs. But I would not willingly omit the lovely
Forget-me-Not, which is always welcome ; or the
Christmas Koses, with their handsome tufts of
leaves ; or the charming and useful variety to be
found in Hepaticas, to say nothing of single
and double Primroses, Polyanthuses, and scores of
others, which do not readily occur to one .at the exact
moment when they are required. In those I have
given we have sufficient variety to keep u)i a good
display of dwarf flowering plants during the first five
months of the year, mtiny continuing much longer.

We will now look at something bolder and more
suitable for the centre of the beds. In spring and
early summer few plants exceed in brightness the
gold-leaved form of Si)irxa nimaria; it is very
telling and eft'ective, .and likewise durable. So also
is Symphytum officinale fol. var. ; and here and there,
though not in too great a quantity, plants of Valeriana
Phu aurea. Suppose, for instance, you had a centre
plant in Yucca gloriosa, and nestling beneath its
rigid tufts some Narcissi, such as Emperor, Golden
Spur, Sir Watkin, Sourius in variety, or even the
common double Daffodil— one of the brightest bits
of colour still ; or, again, your centre m.ay be occu-
pied with a rustic tree stump, with Clematis and
Ivies rambling over it ad lihitinn, in close proximity
such Liliums as auratum, the several forms of spe-
ciosum, tigi-inum in variety, the ever welcome can-
didum, and the fiery scarlet flowers of chalcedonicum
— not all these in the same bed, of course, but dis-
tributed discreetly throughout the whole. And then
we must remember the bold and handsome Holly-
hocks and Delphiniums, each with towering spikes
of flowers. Bold plants of pleasing foliage and very
ertective are also found in Bocconia cordata. Pyre-
thrum uliginosum, or Helianthus orgyalis ; these are
grand subjects when established, and are always
admired for their beauty and grace. Then we have
Ferulas, Funkias, Acanthus, which Latter equal many
of the fine-foliage plants of our stoves, so beautiful
are they. The Funkias are bold and very hand-
some, and most telling in masses. Lenten Koses,
too, are effective in or out of flower ; and near such
things may Hyacinths, Tulips, and Narcissus appear.
An excellent plant, too, is Genista priccox, and a
magnificent plant is Gunnera scabra, though perhaps
better suited for isolated positions. A fine bed may
be formed of Clematis .Tackmanni, either pegged
down or festooned over, say, an oval bed, planting
the surface of the bed with white Violas here and
there, and Ivy. Acanthus, Tritomas, or Pampas-grass
in the centre ; the other portion of the bed may be
lit up with Chelone barbata, Iris Kaimpferi, Stenactis

Septembkb 17, 1887.]

THE GAEDEXERS- CHRONICLE.

3.37.

speciosa, double white Rockets, Pheasant's Eye Nar-
cissus. We have not yet found a place for the
gorgeous Pioonies, German Iris, Gaillardias, Pyre-
thrum, the Lychnises, Michaelmas Daisies, Car-
nations, summer flowering Ciirysanthemum, the
Sunflowers, Doronicuni, the Megasea section of
Saxifragas with their broad handsome loaves and
towering umbels of flowers; English and Spanish
Iris, Lilium, Doronicum croceum, Tigridias, Prim-
ula cashmiriana and japonica, Sedum spectabile :
Senecio pulcher, Piilmonarias, Euonynnis in variety,
Olearia Haastii, Diplopa))pus chrysophyllus, a very
pleasing bush at any time ; Erythrochoete palma-
tifida, the dwaif Thalictruras, Veratrums, Oriental
Poppies Day Lilies in variety. Columbines, endless
Campanulas, and scores of otiier plants, wliicli, to
give in detail, would occupy too much space.

in our great army of hardy plants (I speak in the
broadest sense) we have the richest possible store
of floral wealth and beauty, sufficient indeed to
satisfy the most fastidious, and worthy the apprecia-
tion of the most cultured horticulturist of our age.
E, Jenkins.

BRITISH ASSOCIATION.

Aposporv in Ferss. — Professor Bower described
peculiar developments on a plant of Trichomanes
alata from the Uoyal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh.
Erom the tips of the pinme are produced flatteued
outgrowths of an apparently prothalloid character ;
these produce spindle-formed gemmjc, which are re-
cognised as corresponding to those previously de-
scribed by Cramer. These are thus shown to be

Fia. 74. — SAXIFEAQA CUSCrTIFOIiJIIS.

In conclusion, I wonder who would object to a
large bed thinly planted with Eosa rugosa, with its
handsome shining and verdant foliage, with clusters
of Anemone japonica alba here and there, and having
a partial mai-gin of the Snowdrop Anemone, A. syl-
vestris ? Alternate with the clusters of Anemone
japonica alba should be arranged gi'oups of Lilium
candidum, and to succeed these Lilium auratum and
L. a. platyphyllum. These with the margin filled up
with Viola Countess of Hopetoun, a splendid wliite,
would bring up the flowering till late autumn, aud
make (well, according to my thinking) a splendid bed.
There are few plants possessing tiie sterling qualities
of this Rose, for it is handsome in foliage, in flower,
or in fruit ; and it is a matter for surprise in how few
gardens it^is found. Still, it is to be hoped that tlie
day is not far distant when this and scores of our
best hardy plants may be utilised to the best possible
advantage, and figure in our gardens as of yore, for

genetically connected with a plant of Trichomanes.
and the opinion of Cramer is tims now confirmed;
but, further, if the flattened outgrowth on which they
are produced be truly prothalloid in its character,
there is here a further example of that direct transi-
tion from the Fein plant to the prothallus without
the intervention of the spore, which has been de-
scribed under tlie name of apospory.

A short discussion followed, in which Professor
Treub, of Java ; Professor De Bary, Professor Bal-
four, and others took part. Dr. Bower was warmly
complimented on the interest and value of his obser-
vations, and the hope was expressed that he would
continue them.

Count Solms-Laubach (who spoke in French)
described a genus of fossil plants, Bennettites, the
type of a new group between Angiosperms and Gynmo-
sperms. The plants in question accord with the
Cycades in their vegetative structure, but possess

fruits which exhibit the true structure of tlie Gymno-
sperms. The Section was addressed (also in French)
by the Marquis de Saporta, Mr. Tliiseltou Dyer, and
other gentlemen. Count Solms-Laubach briefly
replied.

Papers were afterwards read by Mr. F. W. Oliver,
" Ou the presence of callus plates in the sieve-tubes.,
of certain gigantic Laminarias ;" by Mr. Thomas Hick,
" On the physiology of some Phaiophycea; ; *' by Pro-
fessor Pringsheim (who spoke in German), " Ou
assimilation and the evolution of ox}'gen by green
plant cells ; " by Dr. J[. Treub, " On the life-history
of Lycopods ; " and by Professor Hartog, " On the
morphology of some Ciosalpineaj and the value of
morphologicnl criteria."

SAXIFRAGA CUSCUTIFORMIS.

The elegant little Saxifrage, of which we give an,
illustration (fig. 74), is a near ally of the well-
known S. sarmentoea, but is much more seldom
seen. In habit it is very similar, producing slender
runners in the same way as S. sarmentosa, but the
leaves are smaller and more oblong and more ele-
gantly coloured, being beautifully marked with a
network of white veins. The flower-stem is much
shorter than that of S. sarmentosa, being only 4 — 5
inches high, and bears only about three to seven
large white flowers, which have all the petals of the
same size and not unequal as in S. sarmentosa. It
is supposed to have been introduced from China, but
there are no native specimens in the Kew Herbarium.
Coloured illustrations of the plant will be found in
Loddiges Butanioal Cabinet, t. 186 ; and in the
Botanical Magazine, t. 2631. For our figures we are
indebted to Mr. Davidson, of Wernoleu. It derives
its name from the resemblance of the slender
runners to the stems of the Dodder. N. E. Broivu.

PANSIES.

The following is a portion of a paper on the cuUi-
viition and exhibition of Pansie.s, read by Mr. Jas.
Bowie, Wilderhaugh, Galashiels, at a meeting of the
Waverley Pansy Society : —

Cl'ttings.— In the first place I would venture to
give my opinion as regards the best time for putting in
cuttings of these plants. As a rule I have never put
in any before the second week in September, and
have never failed in securing nice plants by the time
I usually transplanted them until this year, in so far
as one of my frames contained a large proportion of
cuttings not well rooted, owing, I believe, to the
want of proper drainage ; however, I retained these
cuttings, and planted them out in an odd piece of
ground, and they all rooted nicely, although not in
time to produce blooms in June.

Now, as to the best part of the plant to be taken
for cuttings : I believe that young shoots from the
root are the best, as they are easily rooted compared
with side shoots or old stems. I have taken the
main stem many a time and put it in as a cutting,
but only because I could not do better, and in almost
every case I have failed to secure blooms suitable
for competition ; the old stems having exhausted
their flowering powers, could not produce such large
blooms as shoots that have never bloomed.

Having given my opinion on the best way of
securing good healthy plants from cuttings, I
now go on to say a few words on the best sort of
compost to put cuttings into, on which so many
differ. I have never altered my system, which I
have carried on, and that very successfully, for a
good number of years. I first take out of my frames
all the soil or compost which I used the year previous,
and refill them with new compost of soil and sharp
sand. After I get the cuttings in I put on the
sashes and shade for a few days, at the same time
giving them good ventilation ; after which I remove
the sashes and expose the cuttings until the very cold
weather sets in, when I replace the sashes and cover
them over with old tarpauling during very frosty
weather. There is another very important fact I

338

TEE GARDENEBS' CHUONICLE.

[Septejibeh 17, 1887.

would like to mention before leaving tliis subject,
that is, the necessity of ascertaining that all plants
you take cuttings from are in a healthy condition.
Otherwise you need not look for healthy plants from
such cuttings. Four or five years ago I slipped a show
Pansy which was not in a healthy condition, and
until now 1 have never got a true bloom upon it.

Transplanting into the Open G hound.

I never transplant before the beginning of April, as
I consider the cold c.ist winds we generally experience
in March are very injurious to young plants, and that
any little growth tliey may make by being planted
out earlier than April had better be made whilst they
are in the frames, at the same time leaving the sashes
oT; the plants are not so liable to be injured and
checked in growth after being planted out. Of
course tliose who are in the habit of growing their
jdants under glass, in and out of pots, may be able to
postpone planting out even later than tlie beginning
of April, for instance, Messrs. Dobbie & Co., of
Kothesay, say; — "As to the best time for transplant-
ing, Pansv growers differ. As a general rule,
eminent Pansy growers are of opinion tliat the eud
of April is the best time, provided that the weather
is previously favourable to growth." I can only agree
witli these remarks so far as to say that it may be
quite soon enough, provided the plants are grown
under glass until they are required for competition,
but I am sure most growers will agree with me that
the end of April is too late for us in this district to
plant out our Pansies in order to have blooms in time
for our show held in the month of June. I would never
recommend growing Pansies for exhibition under
glass, for, so far as my experience goes. I never could
get size of bloom or liave never been able to ward off
attacks of greenfly. If Pansy growers dift'er in regard
to time for transplanting they also do so with regard
to the soil or compost the plants are put into. I
have tried many ways of growing Pansies, and liave
come to the conciusiou that it is best to put the
plants into new soil with a good proportion of old
cow-manure and turf mixed into it, and afford extra
nutriment during the month previous to sliow day
bv giving the plants three or four waterings with
guano-water, which increases the growth of the
shoots, as well as the size of the blooms. I would
also strongly recommend the use of cocoa-flbre for
top-dressing, as it keeps the ground in a genial state
and moist during hot weather, and it is also good for
keeping the blooms clean in the event of heavy
showers. The next thing to be done after having
your ground ready for receiving the plants is to make
the selection you wish to transplant out of the frames.

I plant at 9 inclies apart for fancy varieties, and

8 Indies between each of show varieties, and allow

9 inches from row to row. In making my selection,
I take good care not to put in less than six plants of
each of my best varieties. In this way you can
always depend on having blooms when wanted.
■\Vhen you have only one or two plants of each
variety in, it is a rare thing to be able to secure
many blooms when wanted ; and how many of us put
iu plants year after year wliich are of little use to us
when show-day comes round ? I believe if we were
to be more particular in our selection, and put in
half-a-dozen plants eacli of, say, twenty-four picked
varieties of show, and tlie same of fancy Pansies, we
should never be at a loss for blooms when wanted.
As a rule, we are too apt to secure as many of the
new varieties as are sent out from year to year as we
can ; but how many new sorts are sent out and cata-
logued with glowing descriptions, which are not
worth tlie space they occupy in the garden? The
best way is to see these new varieties in bloom
before purchasing, and after all they do not turn out
so good as the blooms we have seen of them.

About a fortniglit previous to show day I take off
all full blown blooms and allow the plants to have
their own way up till I require to pull the blooms for
staging, only giving them perhaps during that time
a couple of waterings with guano water, at the same
time looking well after any slugs which may be about
the plants, for which I cannot find any other
mei.ns of getting rid but to go out after

dark and collect them into a vessel tilled with
salt water.

I gener.ally shade any blooms which I think
are likely to be of use and whicli do not require
to be any longer exposed to the weather ; I
sometimes use a tumbler to force forward an occa-
sional bloom which is likely to be of use to me
on show-day, although I do not believe doing so
will increase the size o( the bloom. The
best articles I have found yet for shading
blooms from the weather are small jelly glasses, as
the heat does not penetrate them. I use small
stakes about l.ii inches long, with a slit in one end,
so as to allow the edge of the article for shading to
get in, which is after the shape of a teacup minus
the handle. I have tried paper covers, also flower-
pots, but find these glasses preferable.

The last point, I think, required to be mentioned, is
the staging of blooms. All blooms which competitors
think worthy of being placed for competition should
be put into spare stands, after which take your prize
list and select the lot or lots you should like to
compete in, tlien pick out your best blooms, giving
the largest and best first place in your stand ; and
although I believe this is generally what is acted
upon by most competitors, yet I have seen instances
where mistakes were made even by doing this, and
that was by not blending the colours well in the
stands — this is an important point to be considered
when staging. I have always been in the habit of
using wooden stands painted greeu up till this year,
which have served the purpose very well, but seeing
so many nice ones made of tin coming here from
time to time, I resolved on getting a case containing
eight stands, which I consider an iniijrovement on
the wooden ones, and more easily managed. In
cases where we are allowed to use papers iu showing
Pensies, I generally use such made oi stiff card, 2^
inches in diameter for fancy Pansies, and 21^ inches
in diameter for show varieties, with a small hole in
the centre for the stem, a pin being inserted through
the stem at the back to hold the bloom close to the
card. There has been much said about using paper
cards (or collars, as some termtliem), and my opinion
is that papers are no improvement in showing the
lighter class of Pansies, and I for one would not use
them if it were possible to lay and stage the blooms
equally as well without them.

As to the properties of Pansies I quite agree with
what Messrs. Glenny, of London, say. The following
varieties I consider good useful show and fancy Pansies.
Show varieties : — Rev. J. Morrison, Alexander Watt,
Peter Lyie, Andrew Miller, dark selfs ; Major-General
Stewart and Lord Salisbury, blue selfs ; Archibald
RoUand, Gomar, .and William Crockart, yellow selfs ;
Miss Annie Dowey, Mrs. Gladstone, and Mrs. Turn-
bull, white selfs ; Miss Roxburgh, Mi.=s Ritchie, Mrs.
J. G. Paul, Jauo Grieve, and Mr. C. .1. S. Arm-
strong, white grounds ; Thomas Ritchie, J. 15. Robert-
son, William Robin, David Dalgleish, and L.
Bullock, yellow grounds. Fancy varieties ; — Pilrig,
May Tate, William Dick, Mrs. Joliu Downie,
Catherine Agnes, William Cuthbertson, Jlrs. D.
Paterson, Evelyn Bruce, Kenneth Brodie, Charles
Stansell, Mrs. G. P. Frame, Miss Janet Orkney, Mrs.
P. Lutz, Princess Beatrice, Mrs. Jamieson, Mrs.
Sword, James Lillie, Donald McBain, George Carlow,
Edward Caird, Mrs. John Wylie, Miss Gordon, Lord
Rosebery (Pattisou's), and Silverwing.

1 add for the benefit of our readers the pro-
perties which should be iound in show Pansies: —
The outline should be a perfect circle, and free from
every notch, serrature, or unevenness, the petals
lying close and evenly on each other. The petals
should be thick, and of a rich glossy, velvety appear-
ance. In all two-coloured flowers the ground colour
(of whatever shade) should be perfectly alike in all
the three lower petals, and should be circular, and of
equal width between the blotch and the belt in the
three lower petals. The belt or margin should be
exactly the same shade as the two top petals, and
whether broad or narrow should be of equal breadth
throughout, without rushing into or flushing with
ground colour. Tlie blotch sliould be dense and

solid, and of circular character, free from all run-
ning into or through the ground colour, or the eye.
The eye should be bright gold or orange, and solid
without mixing or running into the blotch, and
should be exactly in the centre of the bloom. In
size the larger bloom (other properties being equal)
should be the better, but no flower should be con-
sidered fit for competition under 1^ inch in
diameter. Selfs, of whatever colour, should be of
the same shade throughout, in yellow, white, blue,
or anv other shade, the denser the blotch the better.

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE AMARYLLIS.
At p. 132 of the present volume I wrote of these
plants as being in vigorous health. A change has
come over tliem since that note was WTitten. They
are now in the resting period; water is entirely
withheld from the root, and the ventilators are open
night and day to their full extent, imless by pulling
down the lights the plants should be exposed to rain,
which would be injurious. After such a very hot,
drying season as we have had, few collections will be
quite free fiom insect pests, such as red-spider or
thrips. These insects will aid very much in the
decay of the leaves ; but if the bulbs are hard and
well ripened, the decay of the leaves a little before
their time is immaterial. We are much better with-
out them, and great care has been taken to keep the
leaves quite free from insects, and the crown of the
bulbs from bug. Tlie small seedling plants do not
lose their leaves during the winter, and they must
not be allowed to get dusty dry like the old-esta-
blished flowering bulbs, whether they be seedlings or
named varieties. Our flowering bulbs will have no
water whatever until a month after they are re-
repotted, and potting time is from the beginning to the
end of January. It is as well not to let the tempera-
ture fall below 40° as a minimum when the bulbs
are at rest.

The AnnicuLA.

We have just finished repotting our flowering
plants. It may be thought by some growers to be
rather late ; but we are in good company, as I saw
since we finished ours about a hundred specimen
plants in Mr. Horner's garden not yet repotted ; and
further, I can add that the best fiowered jilants I
ever exhibited were repotted so late as October.
The plants must be fully exposed to light and air
now, and receive only enough water to keep them
from flagging. Over-vigorous plants have a tendency
to produce their flowers in October, and if this
takes place farewell to anything like correctly
m.T.rked pips in the spring, when their beauties
would be most appreciated. Offsets and small seed-
ling pl.tuts should be potted on as they require it at
anv season. They are at present in hand-lights, &c.,
on the north side of a low wall or fence ; but after
this month they are better to he placed in a more
open position, to prevent their damping ort", as badly
rooted offsets are very likely to do. Remove the
pips or rather flower-buds from all flowering plants,
but do not break over the main stem, as this might
rot down to the centre of the plant and kill it.
J, Douglas.

PREVENTIBLE LOSS IN AGEI-
CULTURE.
PiiOFESsoR W. FuEAM read a paper on " Pre-
ventible Loss in Agriculture " at the British Asso-
ciation, containing much that is equally applicable
to horticulture, to forestry, market gardening, and
fruit culture. He said ; —

Losses iu agriculture may be classified under the
two heads of controllable and uncontrollable. The
uncontrollable losses are chiefly those which are
determined by meterorological conditions, such as
excessive rainfall, excessive drought, severe or pro-
tracted frost, &c. ; but these, if they cannot be anti-

SEPTE>niEn 17, 1887.]

THE GA FDEXEI?S' Off BOX! CL E.

839

oipateti, may to some extent be mitigated by acting
upon the recorded practice which has been found
most beneficial in similar cases of previous years.
Hence the value of such records. Controllable losses
are all such as might reasonably be anticipated, and
therefore provided against. Being controllable, they
are in a very high degree, though perhaps not abso-
lutely, preveutible. The toleration of such pre-
ventible losses may be attributed partly to ignorance,
partly to inditterence, partly to empiricism. As
sources of preventible loss, the following may be
cited; —

Firstly, the imperfect working of tbe soil, fre-
quently a result of insufficient capital, and a common
cause of poor crops in the immediate future, and of
worse troubles later on.

Secondly, the use of bad seed. No greater folly
cau be conceived than that of introducing upon
the land, by means of purchased seeds, the
seeds of weeds and parasites. There is no official
seed-control in this country; farmers have not been
educated to critically examine seeds themselves, and
they grudge the few shillings that would enable them
to secure a trustwortliy report. The most objection-
able rubbish is sometimes sown, and heavy expenses
are iu consequence subsequently incurred.

Thirdly, the encouragement of weeds. Such weeds
as Ciiarlock, Red Poppy, Dock, Spurrey, Black Bent,
or Hungerweed — to mention only a few — are grown
at immense cost to the farmer. These weeds rob
him just as much as a pickpocket does who steals his
purse. His object is, or should be, to concentrate all
the capacities of the soil upon the production of use-
ful crops — eveiy weed that is grown detracts from
this purpose. Ignorance of the properties and
affinities of weeds is just as deplorable. Some —
the cruciferous weeds, for example — harbour and en-
courage insect pests, till the cruciferous crop they
are waiting for is ready to be devoured and destroyed
by them.

Pourthly, the deterioration of grass lands. There
are iu the British Isles nearly 33 millions of acres of
permanent or temporary gi-assland, which is equiva-
lent to nearly one half, or, more precisely, to three-
sevenths of the entire area. Yet, as to the nature of
the herbage growing upon this enormous area, ninety-
nine farmers out of a hundred are absolutely ignorant.

Fifthly, farm pests. The maintenance of insect
thieves sometimes constitutes a terribly severe drain
upon farming capital. Aphides have occasionally de-
stroyed the Hop crop. Every few years tlie Turnip
" fly " comes to the front as our most destructive insect ;
in 17S6 the loss it occasioned in one county only
(Devonshire) was estimated at £100,000; in 188*1
the loss in Great Britain amounted to considerably
over half a million sterling. Leather-jackets, wire-
worms, surface caterpillars, and a number of other
insect pests may any year sweep away the whole of
the profits which otherwise would accrue. Yet in no
part of his education is the farmer [or the gardener]
called upon to familiarise himself with the habits
and life-histories of these creatures. Of fungal pests
his knowledge is, if it be possible, even less.

Sixthly, diseases of live stock. Some of these,
such as the attack of the ox-warble fly, which alone
involves a loss to the farmers of this country of
upwards of two millions of pounds sterlingper annum,
are entirely preventible. Others have been to a great
extent minimised in their effects by the operation of
the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Acts. Others,
again, involving most serious loss, are little under-
stood, and further investigation is urgently needed.

Seventhly, the purchase of artificial fertilisers and
feeding stuffs. Injudicious expenditure uuder this
head is a very common occurrence.

As remedies for these preventible losses, and
therefore as means for rendering agriculture a
more profitable occupation, two obvious courses
suggest themselves. One is the extension through-
out the country of sound technical instruction in
agriculture ; the other is the equipment by the
nation of a thoroughly efficient Department of Agri-
culture. Technical education, besides affording an
intelligible scicntijic basis for most agricultural

operations, would place the farmer [gardener,
market gardener, forester, &c. Ed.] in a posi-
tion to anticipate, and, therefore, to prevent
many sources of loss, the effects of which he is at
present in a position only to deplore. His knowledge
of the soil, of the plant, and of the animal should
be a scientific knowledge, with a strong bias iu
favour of its utilisation in the prosecution of the
agricultural art. The village school affords an
admirable means whereby much useful instruction
might be imparted to country lads, to their imme-
diate intellectual benefit and to their subsequent
welfare. Our national Department of Agriculture
is slowly taking unto itself some of the functions
which it should have assumed long ago, though the
only recent departure has been the publication of
some valuable reports upon injurious insects. This
woik, and its useful efforts in connection with the
health of live stock, are, however, the only active
operations with which the Department can fairly
be credited, and until it is placed under the
direction of a responsible Minister its pro-
gress will probably continue to be slow. A
properly equipped Department, such as exists in
America and elsewhere, could do much to stimulate
agricultural inquiry and to promote agricultural
prosperity in this country. The Depai'tment could
keep agriculturists well insti acted upon a variety of
subjects, respecting which information is now ac-
quired only in a haphazard manner. Upon statisti-
cal matters of current interest, upon impending crop
scourges, upon the health of live stock, upon the
much-needed reforms in dairy practice, it could and
should elaborate and disseminate instruction and
advice, and it would thus act as a powerful lever in
the direction of better technical instruction in agri-
culture. I submit that improved technical agricul-
tural instruction on the one hand, and an efficient
Department of Agriculture on the other, are urgently
needed. Of all the productive arts, agriculture
[and gardening of all kinds] is in this country the
least provided for as regards technical education,
and it is a reproach to us, as a nation, that this
should be so. Obviously the question before us is
this : Is British agriculture, already by pessimists
regarded as a moribund industry, really to be left to
decay, with the deplorable but inevitable result of
crowding the rural population into the towns ; or
is it bv a wise and enlightened policy to be brought
into harmony with the scientific spirit of the times,
and so to be embarked upon a new era of profitable
and progressive development? Which shall it be?

Forestry.

THE HOME NUKSERY.

The home nursery should consist of a piece of
ground where the soil is of varying quality, but rich
and of considerable depth, and in choosing the site a
good deal must depend on the general elevation and
exposure of the estate. In all cases, however, the
situation should neither be too much exposed nor
yet sheltered, but partake to a certain extent of
both ; shelter from the north and nort-east is desir-
able, for although it is well known that too sudden a
change from low-lying and sheltered ground to that
at high altitudes and fully exposed frequently proves
fatal to young trees generally, yet tliis should not
altogether form a criterion lor rearing such situa-
tions that are unfavourable to the development of
strong and hardy constitutioned plants. The acre-
age of ground required for a home nursery will
depend entirely on the extent of the estate
and amount of planting annually engaged in,
but speaking widely we would recommend that
not less than from 6 to 10 acres be put aside for this
purpose, and it is also well to add a little more than
is really required, so that instead of being constantly
under forest trees the breaks and borders may
undergo, when found necessary, a course of green
crops, this not only enriching them, but giving ample
opportunity for cleaning the ground and so leaving
it in the best possible condition for replanting with
seedlings or other forest trees. Why a course of
green crops is to be recommended is this, that farmyard
manure, or, indeed, almost any other manure, should,
in the majority of cases at least, be applied first to a
gi-een crop, and never, with few exceptions, directly
to the plunts themselves,

As the present time Is, perhaps, preferable to any
other for the forming and stocking of a home nur-
sery, detailed Instructions regarding the trenching
and laying out of the ground will be opportune,
Fencing should first of ail be attended to, and this
will depend so much on local circumstances that a
recommendation of any particular kind would be
rather out of place. It may be stated, however, that
where stones can be conveniently procured, a wall \i
preferable to any other kind offence for surrounding
a permanent home nursery, and although the first
cost of such an erection may be a rather serious
item, yet its durability and non-refractory nature
will make it iu the long run the most inexpensive of
any fence that can be erected in such a position.
Having fenced in the allotted space of land intended
fur the nursery, the ground should next be thoroughly
trenched to the full depth of the soil, and where it is
found necessary the application of a quantity of
farmyard manure, vegetable loam, lime, or peaty
compost, as the case may require, will enrich it con-
siderably.

For convenience in arranging the different subjects
the ground should be laid out into broad sections,
these being either square or rectangular in shape
and parallel to each other. The breaks or sec-
tions may be divided by different kinds of hedges^
those formed of Yew, Holly, Box, Laurustinus, and
the oval leaved Privet being preferable — which when
well kept and pruned regularly twice each season,
give not only a neat and tidy appearance, but when
of large size are of great value for shelter purposes.
A narrow path should be formed alongside each hedge,
or at least at two ends of each border, this being of
great convenience for wheeling on manure, inspecting
of the borders, forming the fences, &c. Choose the
warmest and most sheltered site for the seed-beds,
and if such is not present naturally artificial shelter
may be provided, for it should be kept in mind that
exposure of the young plants to cold, cutting winds
is productive of unsatisfactory results, causing the
young plants to become stunted, bark-bound, and
wholly unfitted for profitable planting.

Planting the Brakes. — As the home nursery is purely
and simply but a place in which trees and shrubs
are reared up until in a state fitted for planting out,
it may be well at the beginning to buy the kinds
most required — young plants, say, two years seed-
lings, one year transplanted, just to make a start ;
after which it will be wise policy on the forester's
part to propagate, to some extent at least, such stock
as he may most require. For our own part we think
it is not at all necessary that the forester should
propagate all, or nearly all, the stuff he requires, but
simply such as is in most demand for planting on the
estate and in the woodlands over which he is in
charge. The rarer ornamental kinds, and such as
are constantly required in the formation of hedges,
game coverts, and shrubberies, may receive first and
greatest attention, or, in other words, such kinds as
would be too expensive to buy of a size suitable for
immediate planting.

For ornamental and covert planting the Rhodo-
dendron, Aucuba, Laurel, Privet, Barberrry, Holly,
Yew, and the various Coniferous trees, may be pro-
pagated in quantity, not, of course, forgetting the
various kinds of hardwoods, always, however, remem-
bering to raise in greatest quantity what is most
needed. Rhododendrons m.ay be raised by the
thousand by sowing the seeds on beds of peat shaded
on all sides from sunshine, and facing north ; while
the Yew, Holly, Barberry, and various others, are
easily enough got in quantity by mixing the berries
with sand for a year or so previous to sowing ; the
Privet, Aucuba, Laurel, Box, Laurustinns, Weigela.
and hundreds of others being propagated from cut-
tings inserted in sandy soil during the latter end of
August or first week in September. Layering is
another method of getting up in quantity and iu an
incredibly short space of time, numbers of shrubs,
and such a practice cannot be too highly commended
as an easy and inexpensive method of increasing
game covert shrubs generally.

Of the finer and rarer coniferous trees many kinds
may be propagated from cuttings, and of such we
would make particular mention of the Wellingtonia,
Cupres6usofsorts,Thuiaoccidentalis,T.Vervaeneana,
T. plicata. Athrotaxis selaginoides, Fitzroya pata-
ponica, Cephalntaxus of kinds, the finer Yews,
Junipers, &c. ; while the various species of Pinus,
Abies, and Picea are readily enough raised from
seeds, which are now jjroduced in fair quantity by
old trees on many estates in this country. Grafting
is another method of increasing rare plants— an
operation that is usually peiformcd in early spring.
A. D. Webster, EhjU.

340

77//: (lAUDEyEus' ciinoxicLi':.

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rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
who experience any difpndty in obtaining
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to communicate vnih the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should he
forwarded with complaint),

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. U'.C.

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NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub-
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for Foreign and Inland Telegrams ix

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NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
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mHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

J. IN AMERICA.

The Sutacription to America, includiiit; Poitage, is $4.30 for
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Asent for Ameriia ;— C. H. MAROT. 814, Chestnut Stre.'t,
Phila'lelphia, U.S.A.. to whom Americiiu Orders may be sent.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SALES

First-eluss Bulba from UoUaml, at

Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of the Lease and Stoelc, at the
MONDAY. Si PT, 111 Nursery, Upton Lniie, Forest

Gate, by Protheroe & Morris.

vitisaiia. [See Gardcnurs' Clirouwli; l>^00, pp. 108,
G87. The earliest notice being in a Notice to Cor-
responJcnt.s on June 10, 1863, p. 584.]

It is an ascertained fact tliat this insect, under i'.s
present name. Phylloxera vastatri.x, migrates from
the leaf of the Vine to its roots; and cliiefly it is in
this form that incalculable injury is done.

The late M.Jules Lichtenstein, of Jlontpelier, paid
particular attention to this group, and he thought
that several aphides of the lower tyjies habitually
migrated from the plant of one genus to the plant
of another genus in the process of its development.

Hence probably the fears of some, that the Phyl-
lo.tera of the Oak in this countiy might get into our
graperies, and there prove it.self identical with 1'.
vastatrix of the Continent. A few remarks may
suffice to show that these two species are ditferent,
and, so far as observation yet goes, that their habits
also are quite different.

The genus Phylloxera was formed in 18.34 by Boycr
di' Fons-colomlie to receive the then unique Oak
aiilii.s, commonly found over the greater part of
iMuope. and now known as Phylloxera quercus.
Other Contiueutal species have been added of late

Great \ i

I Tratli'.

theW.

WEDNESDAY,

THURSDAY.

i Important Sale

I Protheroe &Morr

IMablished Oreliiils.
lir. Ward, South-
-li \rns' Rooms.
. I 1 lotheroe & Morris'

of Vanda Saiider-
„. and other Orchids, at I'rcf-

( theroe & Morris' PvOoms.

(First-class Bulbs, from Holland, at

I Stevens' Rooms.

'j Dutch Rnlbs, at Protheroe & Jforris'

' Rooms.

Muiii attention has of lute years
Phylloxera -^^^^ -^ ^^ ^^^^^ insects as do
cf the 0.ik. . . '^^ „ , , J c -4

injury to our held crops and iruits,

and the appearance of any new pest in quantity
draws us to a study of their economy, partly
perhaps from the somewhat low ground of its
utility. Doubtless "forewarned is forearmed,"
and the study of a foe's mode of life may assist
us to neutralise his attacks. An instance of this
is afforded in the history of the Hop Louse, as
given by Prof. Rii KV in another column of this
issue.

A quite unfounded alarm seems also to have
arisen in some parts of this country and elsewhere
from the appearance of numerous insects under the
leaves of the Oak which have a considerable re-
semblance, and indeed belong to the same genus
as the terrible Vine pest, which has so long
baffled the efforts of our economists abroad to
destroy. Such an alarm would only confirm
foreign and colonial Governments in their stupid
and futile Phylloxera regulations. Under these
circumstances we applied to Mr. Buckton, our
leading authority on the subject of aphides, and
whose excellent monograph on these creatures,
published by the Kay Society, is the standard
work on the subject. Mr. BuCKTOX, in re.tponsp,
obligingly writes : —

The Gardeners' Chronicle, in 1869, did good service
in first making known to entomologists, through Pro-
fessor Wi.:sTWOOD, the imm.tttire form of this Grape
insect, under the provisiunal name of IViytinibia

Fl'.. 75.— eUVLLOXERA '

years to tliis genus, but only two of these feeding on
the Oak can be certainly considered British. They
are often periodical in their occurrence— some years
being very plentiful, and at other times hardly to
be met with. The tannic acid contained in the
leaf and bark of the Oak does not seem to be dis-
tasteful to insects. At least eight species of aphis
attack this tree ; however, none of these appear to
inflict any considerable injury. The larger insects
are not numerous, and the smaller kinds do not
appear to poison the leaves by their punctures, as is
undoubtedly the habit of several other kinds of
aphides.

Briefly, the aphides of the Oak may be uamed and
recognised as follows : —

Stomaphis quercus, to feed, thrusts its proboscis
of more than twice the length of its body into the
bark.

Dryobius roborisand D. croaticus are large insects,
and furnisli deep red stains when crushed between
the fingers.

Calliptcrus quercus and C. c|uercea are very
common ; they are of a pale green colour, and
slender: the winged forms are light and elegant;
they live in companies of from three to five under
the Oak leaves.

Thelaxes dryophila is less common. Tlie stem-
mother is olive-brown, and n-arly ciroul.vr. Tliis

genus may be distinguished from others by the pecu-
liar character of the wing-veining.

At least five species of Phylloxera attack the Oak
ill France, but two only of these insects are common
in England, viz.. Phylloxera quercus and P. punctata.
They may be sep.arated Irom each other in a general
way thus : —

Phylloxera quercus may be distinguished by the
numerous spines or tubercles on tlie body of the
apterous female.

P. punctata, on the other hand, is smooth on the
body; and the adult undeveloped female usually
shows a number of red spots on the back. Lichten-
stein describes also minute difl'erences in the spinous
processes of the antenna?.

Tliese insects, like other aphides, pass through
numerous births before they attain their maturity.
Singularly, at the close of their cycle of life they
show a marked degeneratiou in form, and seem
to forget all other calls of Nature except those
of provision for a future progeny. The fully
developed males and females are destitute of a pro-
boscis and mouth-parts, and consequently they can
neither eat nor grow. Polygamy is practised, as in
some other degraded tribes. The female may be
looked upon as little more than a peripatetic bag,
the office of which is to deposit the single gigantic
egg which she elaborates in such a spot of Oak
bark as will protect it till it excludes the stem-
mother, which commences a fresh cycle in the
ensuing spring.

A short time since, some leaves infested by Phyl-
loxera were sent to the writer by Air. SlacLachlan.
They were gathered early in August in a garden at
Ealing. [The insect attacked some young seedling
Oaks that had been pinched in at the tops to form an
edging; other Oaks in the immediate vicinity did
not appear to be aftected]. An examination
confirmed Mr. MacEachlan's diagnosis, that the
yellow patches of insects consisted of Pliylloxera
jiunctata, a species perhaps as common in Britain
as P. quercus. The seat of the attack of Phylloxera
quercus is usually marked by a bright yellow spot
on the leaf.

The eggs are smooth and shining just after exclu-
sion ; but they speedily lose their shape from the very
rapid development of the young creatures within.
They often occur thousands upon thousands, and
a collection appears to the naked eye like minute
specks of honey. Often a minute Syrphus or a
Scymnus-larva mtty be seen destroying these eggs
with voracity. The immature winged females are
less plentiful than the wingless ; they have dark
brown heads and thoraces. Their wings are rounded
at the tips, and as to the upper pair they have only
three unforked veins or nerves, whilst the under pair
has but one vein on each.

The Vine Phylloxera has been so often described
that nothing need here be said of it. Its habits are
dift'erent from those of the species under considera-
tion. Its underground habitat is by far the most
commonly assumed, and it would appear that the
winged form is rarely developed, except when a call
for migi-ation to fresh food determines the necessity
of roving to other vineyards.

Notwithstanding all that has been written about
migration o( aphides to entirely ditferent food plants,
and the changes which have been presumed to occur
by reason of such alteration in their economy ; no
clear proof has yet been given that aerial forms like
Pemphigus descend to roots of trees and take the
characters of Trama or other underground feeders,
thereby confusing recognised genera and species. In
tlie same manner of reasoning it will be thought
extremely unlikely that the Phylloxera of the Oak
should have anything to do with tliat of the Vine.
Moreover, the latter insect has been clearly an
introduction to this country, whereas there is no
reason to doubt that the former is indigenous.

A complete history of the Oak aphides would here
be out of place, but for those wlio want further infor-
mation, Mr. J. Lichtenstein's and Mr. C. Kiley's
numerous memoirs maybe studied with advantage,
an! the su'iject also, illustrated by coloured figures

Supplement to "The Gardeners' Chronicle" September \T'" 1887.

Orchid lionqrKT pkksentf.d to tiik Queen of Saxony
BY \r. V. Sandeh.ST Albans.

Septembek 17, 1887.

THE mAh'Dh'NEJ^S' CHBONICLE.

341

is treated iu tlie monograph of British aphides,
publislied by the Kay Society from lS7o to lcSS2.

Tlie accomi)anying woodcut (fig. 7o) represents
an Oak leaf infested by many liundred apterous forms
of P. punctata, intersjiersed witli egg.*, arranged iu
concentric semicircular series, that crowd the under
surface. Tlie oblong figure to the right shows the
form of the larva which hatches from these eggs ;
whilst the next and rounder form indicates the sha)ie
of the insect ready to deposit her eggs in a circle, as
drawn to the left. The winged insect drawn is also
a female. As .stated above, each fore-wing has but
three uervures, all uuforked, and the hind wing has
but one simple nervure. G. B. liiic/:toii.

The Royal Saxon Bouquet.— Some time

since we were enabled to publish a large illus-
tration of the Jubilee Bouquet, constructed undir
Mr. Saxdeu's directions for the decoration of
Buckingham Palace during the Jubilee festivi-
ties. This week we have the opportunity of
presenting our readers with an illustration (see
Siip|ilementary Sheet) of the bouiiuet presented
by jlrs. Sasueu to the Queen of Saxoxy at tlie
Dresden Horticultural lOxhibition on May 7 of
the present vear. (See Criinhiiers' C/iroiiich, Mav
14, 1887, p." 6-16; and May 2.8, p. 716.) The
Dresden bouquet, though somewhat smaller, was moi c
elegant in its arrangement, the pendulous spikes of
Odontoglossum citrosnuim adding much to the effect.
The bouquet in question was a yard in height, ami
composed of flowers brought from England, but
which, notwithstanding tluir long journey, arrived
fresh and in good condition. Jlr. H. F. Daum, of
frankfort, superintended the arrangement of the
flowers. For the rest the illustration tells its own
tile, and adds one more illustration of the energy
and resource of Mr. Sander.

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— We regret to hear that the energetic Secretary
of the Institution is temporarily disabled by ill
health. We are asked to mention this in order that
correspondents may understand the unavoidable delay
in acknowledging their communications. It is hoped
tliat Mr. CuTLEii's illness will be but of short
duration.

Oxfordshire Chrysanthemum Society:
Alteration of the Day of Show,— In con-
sequence of the Corn Exchange, Oxford, being re-
quired (or a meeting (on the evening following the
day originally fixed for holding the annual show i.
■and which necessitates the erection of galleries,
occupying three or four days in construction, the
committee announce that the show will be held on
Wednesday, November 16 next.

Grape Judging at the Crystal Palace.

— Mr. Ward sends us another letter impugning the
competence of the judges at the late show. Our own
impression is that tlie Grapes in question may hiive
deserved a slightly higher award than that which
they obtained ; but, as the Grapes were certainly de-
fective, and as the judges were men of proved
competence and high repute, and are moreover of
unimpeachable honour, we do not think it wise to
question their decision. Our advice to Mr. Ward
is to let the matter rest. His reputation as a Grape
grower is too firmly established to be injured by this
award.

Flowers in Season. — Some very good flowers
have been recently sent us from Messr.?. Wedb &
Sons, Kinver, of Webb's Improved Ten-week Stock,
vigorous in growth and fine in colour; Victoria Aster,
of pyramidal habit, and very free — colours, rose-pink
and carmine ; Princess Aster, also of merit, being
equally free, but dwarfer than the former; the
double varieties of Zinnia elegans were large and
distinct in their tints.

Mr. Henry Bennett.— At the annual meeting
of American florists at Chicago held recently an
interesting incident was the reception of Mr .Bennett.

of Shepperton, the raiser of so many famous Roses,
who was present on a visit from this country. His
presence, says the American Gardeners' Monthly, was
announced amidst rounds of applause, that evidently
disconcerted him. He broke down in an attempt
to return thanks, at the warmth of his reception.
Here is Mr. Bennett's portrait, as sketched by our
contemporary. No wonder Mr. Bennett was dis-
concerted ! — " He is a chunky, blue-eyed, pleasant-
faced little gentleman, with iron-grey side-whiskers.
The thousands who have derived so much pleasure
from his floral exertions will wish him many years
I'f life to continue his useful services."

" Lindenia." — The following plants are depicted
iu the last number of this periodical : —

Caltleya virgbuilis, t. 101. — A Cattleya with ]iure
white perianth-segments and with the disc of the lip
of a rich yellow colour. It is supposed to be a variety
of (?•. Eldorado, but whatever be its aflinity there can
be no question of its beauty.

C'l/pripcdium prastans, t. 102. —A handsome Cyjiri-
pedium recalling C. Stonei, and of which so much has
iieen said in these columns lately that we need only
add that the figure now given is a faithful represen-
tation of a desirable plant.

Aerklcs HoiiUct lanii »i , t. 103. — The flowers of this
species have cream-coloured segments tipped with
lilac, the broad obovate retuse lip has a paler ground
colour flushed with rich lilac.

Cafasdurd BiinffcroHiii rnr. Pottsiaiia, t. 104.—
Scarcely have we had time to settle down after the
introduction of this fine plant than we are confronted
with a variety in which the upper segments are
spotted with purplish-red. As a matter of taste we
prefer the unspotted variety, but ckacun u son goi'l.

The Kew Streptocarpus Hybrids. — As

we anticipated, these plants are likely to excite
great interest. The licnie Horiicole consecrates an
original article to them — an indication that the
])Iants are likely to be ajipreciated on the Continent
as well as here.

The "Botanical Magazine."— The Septem-
ber number contains illustrations of the following
plants ; —

Hi/ilehrandia sandwkciifis, t. 6953. — This is a
remarkable plant, differing from Begonia in the pre-
sence of five small hooded petals, and a half superior
ovary. It is a succulent herbaceous plant, 3 — 4 feet
high, thinly covered with coarse hairs. The leaves
are obliquely cordate, many-lobed. Cymes stalked,
forked, many flowered, flowers about half an inch In
diameter, white, orrosy, cun-shaped, with tine oblong-
obtuse, concave sepals. It is a native of the Sand-
wich Islands, and seems as if it would be an attrac-
tive ]dant for a warm greenhouse.

Bar/eria rcpens, t. 6954, — A prostrate, loosely-
branched shrub, with oblone, stalked, entire leaves,
and trumpet-shaped flowers, about 2 inches long,
rose-red, with a narrow tube, and an irregularly five-
lolied limb. It is a n.ative of Eastern Tropical
Africa.

Coilogunc cori/mhosa, t. 6955. — A beautiful species,
with white flowers, like C ocellata, described and
figured in these pages, ser. 2, vol. vii., p. 73, fig. 15.

Primu/a ohtiisifolia, t. 6956.— A species with tufted
leaves on long stalks, the blades oblong-obtuse,
coarsely and irregularly serrate. The dark violet or
purple flowers are borne in umbels on the top of a
long stalk, issuing from the centre of the leaf-tuft.

Iris Kingiana, t. 6957. — This is a coloured figure
of the beautiful and singular Iris from Garwhal,
described by Professor Foster in our columns, 1SS7,
voli., p. 611.

Spanish and Balearic Plants. — Professor

WiLLKOMJi's Illmtialioiis, on which we have had
occasion to comment favourably, have now reached
their thirteenth part. Numerous Linarias are
figured, mostly weedy in h.abit, but with brightly-
coloured flowers ; L. aragonensis has yellow flowers
with red stripes ; L. melanantha has flowers with a
purplish-brown limb and a yellow spur; L. filicaulis

has violet flowers, with an orange palate ; L. de-
pauperata reminds us in its colour of the beautiful
L. alpina ; L. Huteri and L. filifolia have yellow
flowers, with an orange lip. Khamnus balearica, a
fine evergreen shrub, with small roundish or oblong
leaves, green on the upper, rusty-brown on the lower
surfiice, in which latter character it differs from E.
alaternus, as well as in other characters. Ranun-
culus macro|)hyllus is a tall bold-looking species
with long-stalked )«ilmately three-lobed leaves and
yellow flowers.

PritchARDIA ThurSTONI.— This is a new Fan
Palm, discovered in the Fiji Islands by the Governor,
and illustrated and described by Dr. Dbode in the
Garicvjlora for Se])tember, in conjunction with Baron
Von Mueller. The tall cylindric unarmed stem
bears a crown of roundish plicate leaves, from whose
axils project long slender stalks like fishing-rods,
bearing a thyrse-like infloresence at the extremity.

The Cameroons.— We learn from the Garten-
fora, that Mr. John Braun (son of the late Alex-
ander Braun, the well known botanist), has gone to
West Tropical Africa with the botanical expedition
sent by the German Government.

DES PLANTES VenENEUSES.— M.CoRNEViNhas
published, through Messrs. Fibmin-Didot & Co., of
Paris (WiLLLAMS & Norgate, London), a treatise
on poisonous plants, especially snch as are likely
to be injurious to children and to animals. " Vege-
table poisons," says M. Cobnevin, one of the
Professors of the National Veterinary College
of Lyons, "may be grouped under four prin-
cipal headings: — 1. The poison exists in the
seed, and is not modified during germination ;
hence the ott'spring inherits, without any lapse of
continuity, the poisonous principles of its prede-
cessors, c.ff., Laburnum seeds. 2. The poison does
not exist in the seed or in the young pltint, being
developed at a later stage, e.i/., Tobacco, Opium,
tlie seeds of which are harmless. 3. The seed may
be poisonous, while the seedling is not, owing to the
change in the poisonous matter during growth and
development, e.g., Ergot. 4. Ingredients which
singly are not poisonous may, when mixed with
other constituents, become so. So long as they are
in separate cells they are inoffensive, but when the
tissues are broken down the resulting mixture
becomes poisonous. Of this nature are Almonds,
which contain amygdalin and emulsin, both inoffensive
substances, but from the mixture of which prussic
acid is evolved." Other introductory remarks refer
to the conditions and seasons when poisons are most
active, the effects they produce, and other general-
ities, followed by a systematic account of the prin-
cipal plants of a poisonous character. The book is
an excellent one of its kind, well printed and well
illustrated.

Pinguicula caudata and Bakeri.— It will
be remembered that in April, 1881 , p. .541,we published
a note, accompanied by two figares, of a Pinguicula,
communicated by Mr. Sander, under the name of
P. Bakeriana. The leaves in this form were very
numerous, densely packed, short, and pointed.
Some time after— in May. 1882— Sir Joseph Hooker
published in the Bntanienl Magazine, t. 6624, a
coloured figure of P. caudata, showing a plant with
a much smaller number of leaves than in the first-
mentioned plant, the leaves themselves being much
larger, oblong obtuse, or emarginate. The plant
figured by Sir J. Hooker was received when it had
the rosette of small pointed leaves, characteristic of
the form known as Bakeri. It was, therefore,
natural to conclude that the form with the rosette of
small leaves was the young stage of the plant, while
the form witli the larger leaves was to be considered
as the adult condition. M. Duchabtue, who has
had plants of this species under his eye, shows that
this explanation is not quite correct, the real expla-
nation being that the forms in question are the
summer and winter stages of the same plant, which

342

THE GARDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[Septkmbek 17, 1887.

alternate regularly, the large summer leaves follow-
ing the small ones, to be again succeeded by the
smaller foliage characteristic of the plant in its
winter dress. At the end of the summer the large
leaves die off, while the smaller winter leaves are
developed in superior numbers. These winter leaves,
then, to some extent resemble the bud-scales which
form in autumn at the end of the shoots of the year.
The iirst instalment of M. DDcnARTHF.'s observations
is given in the July number of the Journal ile la
Socicle Rationale d' Horticulture dr. France, and we
must await its completion before we can note the
conclusions at which M. Ddchartre arrives. In the
meantime we may mention that M. Godefroy has
ascertained that the plant can be propagated by its
\vinter leaves, but not by the larger summer leaves.

Economic Forestry.— Professor Boclger has

reprinted from the Transactions of the Scoftivh Arhori-
cultural Socii'ty sm article based upon the systematic
examination of the timbers and forest products
exhibited at Kew, and at the various exhibitions
of late years. The arrangement adopted is geo-
graphical, the timber ti'ees and forest products
being arranged geograi)hicalIy according to the
country from whence they come. Mr. Boulqer
has also availed himself of the copious and
widely-extended literature of the subject, so that
liis pamphlet froms an excellent resume of the whole
subject. Vv'e are, however, surprised at no mention
being made of the elaborate Tenth Census Report of
Professor Sargent, which is an exhaustive account
of tlie timber trees of the United States in their
relations botanical and economic. This, and
the absence of reference to the Forest Floi-as of
India and Burmah, l^ads us to suppose that either the
omissions were designed for some reason, or that Mr.
Boulger's essay was written prior to their publica-
tion. An index of species and of names would have
been a most useful addition to Mr. Boxtlger's essay.
A]mrt from the deficiencies we have alluded to, Mr.
Boulger's essay is calculated to be very useful.

" Flora of Cardiff."— The Curator of the
Cardirt' Museum, Mr. John Storrie, has issued,
under the auspices of the Cardiff Naturalists'
Society, a descriptive list of the pLants found in the
neighbouihood of tlie town. It seems well done,
tliough misprints are very numerous. A feature of the
l)ublication is tlie insertion of the Welsh names for
the plants but which do not appear to be much used
by tile people.

The Hop Louse.— We commend to the atten-
tion of Hop growers, the paper forwarded to us by
Professor Rilev. The practical point seems to be
never to suffer Plums and Hops to grow in pro.ximity
one to the other. As the common Sloe or Black-
thorn, often used as a hedge plant, is a Prunus,
growers should take care that no such hedge abuts on
their Hop garden.

The Parcel Post. — Parcels not exceeding
7 lb. in weight will on and from October 1 be received
at any post-office in the United Kingdom for trans-
mission to France, Algeria, Corsica, Tunis, and to
Italy viii France. The parcel post is already in opera-
tion to Ascension, Austria-Hungary, B.ahamas, Bar-
bados, Belgium, British Guiana, British Honduras,
Canada, Cape of Good Hope, Ceylon, Congo Free State,
Constantinople, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, Germany,
Gibraltar,'Grenada, Heligoland, Holland, Ilong Kong,
I ndia (including Aden and Burmah), Jamaica, Labuan,
Leeward Islands, Luxemburg, Malta, Natal, New-
foundland, New South Wales, North Borneo, Nor-
way, St. Helena, St. Lucia, St. A^incent, Sarawak,
South Australia. Smyrna, Straits Settlements, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tangier, Tasmania, Tobago, Trinidad,
Victoria, Western Australia, and Zanzibar.

Publications Recwed.— Bulletin of the Sc

tanieal Dr/jart/nent, Jamaica. — United States Depart-
ment of Ar/riculturc : Division of Entomohffi/. 2,
Reports of Ohscrcations and Experimenlf in the Divi-

sion. The Icerya or Fluted Scale. — The Ac/rimltural
Economist. — Bolleitino Ampelografico Ministero di
Agricoltura Indtistria e Commercio, Rome. — Pro-
ceedings of the Affriculiitral and Horticultural So-
cietij of India. July, \SSJ.— Thc Gardeners' Orphan
Fund: Rules and Regulations; Report of First
General Meeting, July 12, 1887 ; List of Subscribers
and Donors. — Currency, or Bi-Metallism Examined.
By W. BiRKMVRE. (Glasgow: M'Naughten & Sin-
clair, 24, 'West Nile Street.)— Table Decoration. By
W. Low. (London : Chapman & Hall, Limited.) —
Naturalists' Monthly, No. 1, Vol. I. (London: W.
Scott, 24, Warwick Lane, Paternoster Bow, \V.C.').

The Orchid Houses.

■Work in the Houses. — The recent moist state
of the atmosphere will have proved beneficial to
Orchids by reason of its genial influence in matur-
ing the growth of the plants. We endeavour to
allow the plants to enjoy as much pure air as pos-
sible at this season of the year without lowering
the temiierature to a dangerous level in the warmer
divisions. No Orchids find themselves under such
perfectly congenial conditions at the present time as
tlie cool section ; and, as I have stated previously,
the autumn is to be preferred for tlie ]mtting of
tliese, or as many of them as require it. Those that
are sending up flower-spikes can be jjassed over
until their flowering is past ; but if they should be
in sour materials a top-dressing will help them. Any
that are pot-bound and possess good sound roots
should be turned out and placed in larger pots,
avoiding over-potting; and such as recpiire to be
shaken clean out should have all dead roots cut
away before repotting, these plants generally requir-
ing smaller pots than those they were taken from.
New pots are best, and should be more than half
filled with clean crocks. The compost should con-
sist of two parts green sphagnum moss and one part
fibrous peat ; put a good layer of the former over
the drainage ; press the material only sufficient to
steady the plants, and damp the surface only until
the plants get established again. Orchids should be
made perfectly clean before potting is commenced.

We have never succeeded in making Odontoglos-
snm blandum grow like a "weed" yet, but after
trying plants in different temperatures we find them
do rather better in a warm moist corner of the
Cattleya-house, in company with Phaius tuberculosus,
Promenajas, &c. Miltonia Roezlii we still feel
inclined to speak of as Odontoglo.ssiim. This is not
to be wondered at after the plants h.ave been called
by the latter name for ten or twelve years. For this
last two years we have grown this Miltonia in two
separate places, some at the warm and sliady end of
the Cattleya-house, while others are placed in the
Phalajnopsis-house, which is (taking the average
temperature) the warmest house we have. Those in
the latter place grow much faster and a|>pear more
healthy, and, judgingfrom the atmospheric conditions
of a small span-roofed house I remember going into
one summer evening at Messrs. Heath & Sou, of Chel-
tenham, I think this Orchid is not likely to be over-
done with heat and moisture during summer, for
their plants were looking very healthy. I find it
improves the flowers if a little extra ventilation can be
given while the spikes are forming. This we accom-
lilish by renewing the blocks which close the venti-
l.ation at the eaves. I think it is not all-important
that this Miltonia should be potted wlien it begins to
m.ake new growtli, but prefer the end of August or
the beginning of September, as it will hajipen some-
times that when the roots are disturbed at mid-
summer that the older foliage will put on a sickly
appearance.

Ne.xt to the Odontoglossums in the cool house the
IMasdevallias should receive attention. After being
thoroughly cleaned the Harryana, Lindeni, and
Veitchiana section should be potted or dressed as
may be required. Those plants that are showing
weakness by making small leaves in their centres—
the growths having become overcrowded— sliould be
carefully pulled in pieces, with not less than half-a-
dozen leaves to each lead. When making up the
plant again place some compost between each piece,
pressing them rather firmly together, and make
secure with small stakes if necessary. If desirous of
increasing the number of plants tlie pieces can be
equally divided. The potting material should con-
sist of equal parts fresh sphagnum and peat ; with a
little very coarse silver-.sand and some half-rotten

Oak leaves. Do not be in a hurry to take the shading
off cool houses where plants have been potted unless
the houses face north^vard. but give them plenty
of light without sunsliine. Houses in which no fire-
heat has been used should be closed during the night.
I do not think it a good practice to lower the tem-
perature of the house in which are cool Orchids as
soon as possible to 45^ or 50°, for these species
seem to grow best when the outside temperature
ranges from 55° to 60° in the shade. C. Woolfard,
Downside, Leaiherhead.

Plants and Their Culture.

Miscellaneous Bl-lrs.- In a late Calendar I
referred to Roman Hyacinths and other early flower-
ing bulbs, and the later Hyacinths have recently
been treated by an able practitioner, so that they
may well be passed by in these notes. For yielding
a plentiful supply of flowers in June and July no
bulbs excel the early flowering Gladiolus, of which
there are several varieties, amongst these Colvillei
alba is commonly grown, but others e(pially deserving,
and which afford a variety of colours, are not yet so
generally cultivated as they should be; Duke of
Albany, Mary Anderson, Princess Beatrice, Deli-
catissima, Rosy Gem, Prince Albert, and for later
use Cardinal is, are all beautiful vaiieties. The
bulbs should be potted in o2"s as soon as they can
be procured, putting from three to six bulbs in a pot,
according to the growth of the kind, and after having
potted them the pots may be plunged in cocoa-fibre
or fine coal-ashes. These varieties of Gladioli endure
gentle forcing, but I find that the flower-spikes are
mo)-e robust when but little artificial heat is
employed. Tulips look well when grown three in a
pot, and 48's are a suitable size to use ; of these we
prefer to force a few tree flowerers rather than many
varieties ; Keizer Krooa and Vermilion Brilliant are
good singles, and Tournesol andlmperator rubrornm
are constant and easily forced double-flowered varie-
ties. Polyanthus Narcissus make effective objects
when grown three bulbs in a G-inch pot; Bazelman
major, Bathurst, Grand Monarque, and Newton,
may be named as good forcing v.arieties. Sparaxis,
Ixias, and Freesiasall deserve to be largely grown for
conservatory decoration, and the scented flowers of F.
refracta alba are particularly valuable as cut flowers.
Of Liliums, L. longiflornm, L.I. eximium, L. excelsum
and L. candidum are all alike useful for pot culture.
There should be no delay in potting them as soon aa
they can be obtained, and being hardy they may be
planted out in permanent situations after their
flowering season is past. I am well satisfied with
results obtained from clum])S of Lily of the Valley,
but single crowns planted about three-quarters of an
inch apart yield a fine return for pains taken with
them ; both these and clumps should be potted and
plunged as soon as received. Imjiorted clumps of
iSpirica japonica are best for early forcing, their
crowns being stronger than those grown at home ; the
latter, however, answer well for later use, and should
be lifted and potted as soon as their foliage dies
down. Callas that are pl.anted out should likewise
be taken up and potted before their foliage gets
injured by frost. Plants of Hemerocallis flava may
also be potted as soon as their foliage dies ; this
plant is doubtless destined to become popular; it
responds to gentle forcing, and its flowers are very
beautiful. In purchasing this plant care should be
taken not to confound it with H. fulva. Dielytra
spectabilis should be treated similar to the above,
Thomas Coomber, Hendre Gardens.

I

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

General Work. — The change to showery weather
has been very beneficial to all kinds of i'ruit trees.
Pears and Apples are swelling to a large size on all
sorts of trees. The shoots formed of late on wall
trees and pyramids, &c., should be stopped, and all
branches intended to extend the size of the trees
secured from injury by wind. With the change of
weather weeds have again become troublesome in the
quarters of bush fruits and newly -made plantations of
Strawberries, and should be exterminated while in a
small state. Fruit g.athering will still claim attention,
and in regard to Pears consideration should he given
to the probable requirements, so that the season of
each variety may either be hastened or prolonged, a?

Septembeb 17, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

343

the case may be. and thus prevent any cessation in
the supply. In the case of varieties on walls, those
grown on west anil east walls will follow each other
in succession, anil many of the later varieties should
be left on the trees so long as the weather permits
of this being done witli safety. All nets as they
become vacant should be housed when dry. The
present is a good time to take notes of the v.arietics
of fruit trees best suited to the locality, and the time
will shortly arrive when new trees will have to be
ordered for the planting season. It is judicious not
to obtain any variety in quantity until it has been
proved that it is adapted to the soil and climate. E.
Ward, Heuvtl, Bromsgrovc.

Fruits Under Glass.

Pine-apples. — Fruiting plants should have a day
temperature of 75^, running up 10° higher with suu-
heat and plenty of air. Maintain a night tempera-
ture of 70°, and damp the floors, walls, and plunging
material morning and afternoon at closing time on
bright days to promote a growing atmospliere.
Examine the plants once a week or ten days, to ascer-
tain the condition of the soil, and when dry give
sufficient tepid liquid manure in a diluted state to
thoroughly moisten it. Successional plants will, or
ought soon to have, completed their growth ; the
tempeiature should then be lowered, and a more airy
atmosphere maintained to prevent the i)lants making
Jurther growth, and to mature tliat already m.ade.
During the interval — from the end of the present
month to the end of December — water must be
applied both at the roots and in the houses contain-
ing the plants with judgment and care. The night
temperature for this section should range from tiO°
to 65° during the present month, and a rise 5° to 10°
higher by day should be aimed at. Young sucker plants
should be kept in a growing temperature for a few
moi-e weeks; all shading should now be dispensed
with and be put away dry and out of the way for use
another year.

Peach Trees. — Trees from which the crop has been
taken should now be examined, and the spurs made
during the present season, and any shoots of last
year's growth which would in the ordinary way be
removed at the general pruning be cut out forthwith.
This will allow of more light reaching the young
shoots, and assist the ripening process. H. W, Ward,
Longford Castle,

Home Correspondence.

THE WEATHER, AND ITS EFFECTS ON PLANTS.
• — You invite correspondents to give their experience
during the recent dry season, which I feur will be
like that of " A. D.'' — in most cases very erratic. It
is curious to note how varied the effect of the severe
drought was in some districts compared witli others ;
it has been a real benefit where soils are damp gener-
ally and of a cool nature, the position being fiat and
low-lying, while high positions, with light, sharp soil,
have in many respects suffered. It has been in our
case, with a iew exceptions, a season well suited in
every respect to all branches of outdoor horticulture;
trees and shruljs have grown remarkably well ; Roses
have been extra fine, growth strong, with an absence
of aphides on the plants. We do not remember to
have filled the beds earlier with bedding plants ; they
were at their best about the last week of July, lower-
ing very abundantly after having made a free growth.
Vegetables of every kind never were better. Peas
only had a short season. Potatos were remarkably
early; kidney kinds quite ripe at the end of June,
the tubers were somewhat small, but otherwise
good. Brussels Sprouts have already furnished
a supply (the first were gathered August 11).
Fruits of all kinds were very abundant, and mostly of
good quality; Pears and Apricots are. however, small.
Strawberries, especially those planted last season on
trenched soil, were extra large, and of general good
quality. All small fruits, especially on young bushes,
which were in the early spring well mulched and the
manure covered with soil, were in great quantity,
and remarkable for size. Young Cherry trees were
loaded to excess, the light-coloured kinds being very
large. Morellos were the best we have ever had, the
trees flU having been lifted two years ago, and the
roots rammed into firm soil, mixed with lime rub-

bish. Apples on every tree, young ones especially,
are over-cropped, and promise to colour well ; those,
such as Ked Astracan and Irish Peach, which have
been gathered are of extra quality ; the most pro-
ductive are Stirling Castle, Seaton House, Margil,
all the C jdlin class. Lord SufReld especially, Dume-
low's Seedling, Warner's King, Worcestershire
Pearmaiuand King of Pippins. The last named are
clustered all over cordons on a border somewhat
shaded from sun. Many local kinds are also loaded.
These were all mulched, and the material covered
with soil to keep in the virtue of the manure. We
planted shrubs and trees very extensively during
spring (between thv. beginning of April and second
week of May). Water being scarce they had only
one small watering when in tlie ground. Thegi'assy
surface which was removed was finely chopped up
with a little rotten manure, and given as a mulching,
and was covered loosely with soil, which has had the
hoe used freely on it since. Out of many hundreds
of plants, including choice Coniferie, especially speci-
mens of Ketinosporas, Cnpressus ot sorts, Austrian
Firs and Cedars, the growth on all is very fair, no
deaths have resulted. On the whole, we have little
to complain of after such a season of drouglit. We
bad scarcely any snow during winter ; from April to
the end of July rain did not fall sufficient to moisten
the surface of the parched soil, and drying winds were
more than usually prevalent, moreover, the water
supply from the springs and rivers was lower than
for many years past. Scot, FalKirk.

Now the country has been refreshed by

copious rain after long drought, I send yoa a report
of its efi'ects here. This stands 2 miles from the
sea, about 300 feet above sea-level, soil light loam on
volcanic rock, called locally dunstone, strata nearly
perpendicular. We have lost a few shrubs. A
Rhododendron ; Cotoneaster frigida var. affinis, 15 feet
high; Araliajaponica, which was failing before ; and
Desfontainea spinosa ; Gaultheria Shallon has very few
green leaves left, but may survive. None of the
above were watered. A lihododendron Broughtoni,
which was loosened by a gale, after transplanting
three years ago, would probably have died had it not
had 2\ gallons of water with the rose of a garden-
engine twice. A group of Scotch Fir above a cut-
ting of a road, 8 feet deep, Iiave suffered a good deal.
Most of the needles on the lower branches are
brown ; one twig that lay on the ground had been
bored by a beetle. A Sycamore of about eighty
years" growth has brown leaves on the greater part of
one head, but on exa'nination I find one side of the
faded head has lost its bark, and the injury goes down
2 feet on one side of the trunk. The timber is not
decayed, nor can I account for the injury, which
extends 15 feet above the fork. If it were caused
by lightning two or three years ago. one would
expect that the bark would be taken off from
the top of the tree. A Cupressus Lawsoniana has
shed about half of its leaves, but looks little the
worse. Ferns have survived. A Cetcrach died
down, but has grown out since the rain in a pocket
on a large piece of limestone. None of the above
had any water except Rliododendron Broughtoni, as
we had hard work to keep an acre of garden alive.
We store 2100 gallons of rain-water, besides a tank
in the greenhouse. Peach trees had a good squirting
with a garden engine twice a week, and are in good
foliage ; but the fruit is smaller than usual. Amongst
Apples Cornish Gilliflower, Cox's Orange Pippin,
an Apple we call London Pippin, but which is not
the London Pippin of the great Apple show; Lord
SafHeld and EarlyPeach are finer than usual. Reinette
du Canada, Claygate Pearmain, Russet Pearmain, and
Blenheim Orange are average size. Alfriston, King
of Pippins, Mother, Allen's Everlasting, Lane's Prince
Albert, and Cellini are small, but have a good crop.
Devonshire Quarrenden are fine, and have ripened
well. Pears are small, except a large tree on a wall
of Uvedale St. Germain, twenty years planted
on the free stock, which are about the usual
size. The trees bore ten dozen and eight
in 1835, and eight dozen in 18S6. Victoria
Plums fine. Green Gage and Coe's Seedling
average, also Magnum Bonum, with good crops.
An old standard Brown Beurre had a fair
crop, average size, most of which as well as
the greater part of our Apples were blown down
by a recent gale. Gooseberries were a good crop,
also Currants of all sorts ; Raspberries fair, but
soon gave up ; Strawberries dried up and only gave
us one dish ; Potatos small and poor, and super-
tuberated so badly that early ones had to be dug in
June and July, including Schoolmaster. Cows look
well, but gave no milk ; wasps and flies are eating
everything, Grapes and Plums especially. We had

uo steady rain in February though there were some
showery days ; some rain March 11 ; showers March
14 and 15 ; rain, March 21 and 22 ; showers, March
24, 25, 26, and 27 ; wind generally easterlv. Showers
May 2, 4, and 6 ; also May 19, 20, 21, 22, and 29 ;
drizzle. June 7 and 8. July 10, shower ; .July 12. 13,
and 15 slight showers; also July 26, 27. and 30.
August 16, thunderstorm ; August 17 and 19 slight
showers ; August 26 and 29 showers : August 30
heavy rain. There was no rain to thoroughly wet
the ground from February till August 30. Most of
the heavy rain on August 16 ran off, but it sank into
newly turned vround a little. H. U., Plymouth.

" THE FLORICULTURAL CABINET AND FLORISTS
MAGAZINE." — This journal was commenced with the
year 1833, publisli'ed by Wliittaker & Co., Ave
Maria Lane. London, and conducted by Joseph
Harrison. From 1855 it was published by Simpkin,
Marshal! & Co., Stationers' Hall Court, and the
name of John Harrison after that year was omitted
as conductor on the title. The last year of publica-
tion was 1859, and in the preface to that volume (dated
December 15, 1859), it is said, referring to an altera-
tion in the publication for the coming year, "After
making its regular appearance at the commence-
ment of each successive month for the long period of
twenty-seven years, we believe the utility of the
Cabinet will be greatly increased b}' a more frequent
publication; we have consequently resolved on bring-
ing it out in weekly numbers, at a very moderate
price, and with an alteration in the title. It will,
therefore, henceforth be known as the Gardeners'
Weekly Maga-i/ie and Floriciiltuml Cabinet. In
ati'ecting this alteration we feel that we are but
keeping pace with the times, without interfering with
any existing publication, and that, in fact, there is a
call for a really cheap but good weekly gardening
periodical — one that may be within the means of
even the humblest cultivator." The first number of
the new magazine was announced to appear January 6,
1860. J. H. Krelage, Haarlem.

The date of my copy of Moore and Ayres'

Companion to the Flower Garden is 1852. The work
was, I believe, originally intended to be a continua-
tion of another work in three volumes, by Knowles
and Westcott, but only one volume, which appeared
in 1852, was ever published. W. E. Gumbleton, Bel'
grove, Qneenstown, Ireland.

STREPTOCARPUS REXII.— It is pleasing to see
that this most beautiful race of plants has been
taken in hand by Mr. Watson, and that he has been
so successful in raising those fine hybrids that were
shown some little time ago at South Kensington. I
have not had the pleasure of seeing them, but if they
surpass in beauty Streptocarpus Rexii, we shall have
some splendid additions to our stoves. It is a pity
that Streptocarpus Rexii is not met with oftener in
our collection of stove plants, for it is of easy culti-
vation. I have quite fifty plants in 6-inch pots,
supplying me with quantities of beautiful flowers
for house decoration, and they are admired by all
who see them. My plan is to keep sowing at
intervals so as to have plants in succession, small
plants flowering well from 2} inches up to 4 inches,
which size I find quite large enough for ordinary
decoration. The soil used is two parts good fibrous
loam, one of leaf-mould, and one of rotten Mushroom
dung, with plenty of sand to keep the compost open;
a close, damp atmosphere ranging from 65° to 70°,
suiting them admirably. I may add, that all seed-
pods are picked off except a few just to keep up a
supply of seed. I should be glad if you could give me
the correct name. I see in Viccars Collyar's catalogue
of novelties it is given as Didymocarpus Rexii, and
in the Garden some numbers back as S. biflorus,
with syn. Rtxii and floribunda; and in Messrs.
Veitch's catalogue as biflorus. J. V. S. Arlcy.

IS A CONSERVATORY A BUILDING?— As you

inserted the letter from Mr. Collins on greenhouses,
I must ask you to be good enough to give publicity
to the report on the subject in the local newspaper,
I have but two remarks to make — one, that I did not
insist on a damp [course], it was therefore beside
the question to refer to it; the other, that the
magistrate did not express himself as reported. Jl
Knightley. District Surveyor, Hammersmith.

*' The question of whether a conservatory or green-
house is a building has been once more determined
in the affirmative. The district surveyor for Ham-
mersmith, Mr. Knightley, summoned Mr. Collins, of
Cumbeiland Park, for erecting a large glasshouse,
and omitting concrete foundations to the supporting

344

THE GA R D ENEB S' CHFONI CL E.

[Sbjptembek 17, 1887.

walls. Mr. Collius had erected the house in ques-
tion for his sons, who are florists, and contended that
such structures were not buildings, but trade
fixtures— a humorous fiction which Mr. Knightley
declined to adopt. The building had a frontage
towards the high road of 27 feet, and a depth of
65 feet. The enclosing walls are of various heights,
some 2 feet 9 inches, others 3 feet 9 inches, and
some nearly 7 feet, with piers here and there 13 feet
above the surface of the ground. Mr. Knightley
presented a drawing of tlie structure with a figure
drawn by the side to serve as a scale of comparison,
and called the attention of tlie magistrate to sec. (i
of the Act of 1853, and contended that although in
some cases it might be difiieult to define what is a
building, in this case that difficulty did not arise,
as such structures as this were defined to be build-
ings, and as such, jiartially exempted, and quoted
the first part of sec. (i and the 15th rule of the same
section and bye-law No. ."! in support of his con-
tention as to its being a building, and in justification
of his demand for concrete. Mr. Collins quoted the
1st rule of the 1st schedule, and contended he had
complied with tlie law. Jlr. Knightley replied that
the bye-law directing concrete to be used, except the
site be a natural bed of gravel, repealed the rule
quoted by Mr. Collins. He also said that builders
in his district could not plead ignorance of the law,
as when the bye-laws were first published by the
Jletropolitan Board of Works he had copies struck
off, and when builders gave notice a copy was handed
to them. He had distributed many hundreds, and
Mr. Collins had had his copy. AVhen the trenches
were dug Mr. Collins complained of being asked to
use concrete. Mr. Knightley advised him to apply
to the Board, who had relaxing powers, but he
refused. Mr. Knightley then said, "You must put
in the concrete," but he refused that also ; but when
the decision was given against him he then said he
should apply to the Board. Mr. Knightley said he
objected, as he was out of court by the eftluxion of
time, and asked for an order in "the terms of the
summons, wliich Mr. Bennett made."

CATTLEYA CRISPA WITH MANY FLOWERS.—
In answer to Mr. Grose's inquiry on p. .305 of the
Gardeners Chronicle of September 10, I beg to say
that I had a ])lant of Cattleya crispa wliich once pro-
duced four spikes of nine. ten. ten, and eleven flowers.
John Bail. Ili./h Cross. Totlmham.

JASMINUM SAMBAC— Is the Jasraiuuni 8ambac
alluded to by J. W. Odell (p. 313) one of the double
varieties? If so, I have observed the peculiar
fasciation mentioned for the past ten years. It has
always shown itself on specimens planted out, and
on the variety known in gardens as Duchesse
d'Orleans, plants in pots always, as far as my ob-
servatifn has extended, jiroducing normal shaped
flowers. I fir.st noticed this tendency in a specimen
planted in the Melon bed in a nobleman's garden in
Norfolk, from which plant I got the cuttings from
whicli I raised ray present plants, one of which is
planted out at one end of a division of a plant-stove,
and which has annually for the past four years pro-
duced blooms 3 to 4 inches over, and shaped
something like a Cockscomb. These flowers are
certainly not handsome, but their scent is exquisite.
A great fault that the plant lias is, that one part of
the flower becomes brown before the other half opens.
This applies only to the fasciated flowers, the normal
ones opening and decaying in the usual way. I
think the explanation of the ]ieruliarity lies in its
being planted out, the plant tliereby obtaining super-
abundant supjdies of nourislmient at the roots. I
send you a point of a shoot on which one of the
largest flowers grew, and will send you a bloom at
the first opportunity. West Ch'shirc.

KNIPHOFIA MACOWANI AND K. CORALLINA.—
From the remarks made by your correspondent " D.,"
on ]). .308 of your last issue, concerning the above-
named plants, I do not think he can have K. coral-
lina true to name, as witli nie tlie flowering of both is
quite simultaneous, and Iiotli have been in full flower
for more than a fortnight. Your correspondent does
not seem to be aware that K. corallina is a hybrid
resulting from a cross between K. Macowani and K.
nloides. eft'ected some four or five years ago by M. J.
B. A. Deleuil, of Marseilles, from whom I had my
plant direct immediately after he sent it out in 1882
or 18S3. The hybrid is a much more robust grower
than K. Macowani, the foli.age being at least twice
the height and the heads of bloom much larger tlian
those of the parent. Botli are most profuse bloomers,
and should be in every collection of these beautiful

autumn blooming plants. If " D." will send me his
name and address, I daresay I shall be able to send
him an off'set from my tuft of K. corallina, if he de-
sires it. W. E. Gumbicton,

SINGLE DAHLIAS.— Your reporter of the National
Dahlia Show asks whether single Dahlias are on the
decline, or had the storms destroj'ed the flowers?
Very probably the fierce winds and rains of the pre-
ceding davs iiad done some mischief, but when at
Heokfield'on the day preceding the hurricane of the
31st ult., 1 thought I had never seen a more charm-
ing display of these flowers than was presented in the
kitchen garden walk, where, trained against a glorious
background of Thniopsis borealis, the floivers show
with wonderful effect; still, it is certain thct in
many places single Dahlias have suffered terribly
from the drought, growth not only having been
checked, but blooms withered in the heat, and
expanding only to collapse directly. Such has been
my experience here. The plants now are becoming
vigorous, and promise to bloom freely, but all too
late to be of any advantage this season. A. I).

DISA GRANDIFLORA. — I should not have tres-
passed again on your valuable space had not Mr.
Gnmbleton's remarks (p. 313) obliged me to do
so. Mr. Gumbleton states that the violet tint on
our variety called D. G. violescens is the result of
warm treatment. This is quite a mistake, and as so
many have asked for and have been informed of the
mode of Disa culture pursued here, I am compelled
to deny his statement. We grow the Disas in a
cold plant -preserver, and during sharp weather it is
is barelv possible to keep out the frost, in fact I
have seen the leaves so stift' with frost that they
could be broken in two. Until the month of October
the lights are never closed on them night or day. II
heat were the cause of the violet tint, Mr. (iunible-
ton's variety should be the same colour here, for he
asserts that both are the same. F. Beil/cn!.

THE HEATING OF GLASS STRUCTURES —Those
of us who want warmth during the next winter in
our hitherto unheated greenhouses are now beginning
to consider how we shall do this in the cheapest,
easiest and most efficient manner. I have thought
that a few hints to those who know but little about
a heating apparatus may be serviceable. I need not
say that of course a proper hot-water apparatus is
the most advantageous, and these are now made so
cheaply, and in forms so easily erected by any
amateur that they are within the means of any one
who possesses a greenhouse. It would naturally be
invidious for me to select any particular make when
there are so many good ones in the market; but it
will save an intending purchaser a great deal of un-
necessary correspondence and trouble if. when he
applies to a manufacturer for prices, he will .also say
what he wants to heat ; give a rough ground plan of
his greenhouse, figuring the inside length and width ;
indicate the position of doorways ; say whether it is
a lean-to or span ; give heights to eaves and ridge,
and say what he wishes to grow. The manufacturer
will then be in a far better position to recommend
what he considers most suitable, and to show the
best .arrangement of pipes. To any of your readers
who may like to have further information on this
important and interesting subject, and who will send
me a directed and stamped envelope, I will gladly
forward some engravings and details of easily
managed hot-water apparatus, and instructions to
enable amateurs readily to fi.K them without the aid
of any hot-water fitter — information, of course, too
voluminous to be contained in this letter. F. A,
Fav'krs. Author of " Hot-vmtcr ffcatinff."

STRAWBERRY DISEASE. — For some years past
we have suffered severely by disease in our Straw-
berry plantations, as well as having lost great num-
bers of those in pots prepared for forcing. Sineularly,
the evil is confined to the variety Vicomtesse H^ricart
de Thury, which shows in the first stage a few fading
outside [eaves, the plant soon afterwards dying ott'at
the collar. The roots seem uninjured, but ultimately
die for wiint of foliage. We lost over 300 of our
plants last year from this cause, and more than the
half of the vaiiety in the open ground. This year
our experience with the malady has been severer
still — a whole break, spring-jilanted, having suddenly
died right ofT, while five other kinds alongside of
them have been, and are still, all that could be
desired. Nearly all of this kind in pots seemed in
distress iit the end of ,Iuly, soon after they were
potted. We mixed charcoal, well broken, with equal
parts of soot and lime, which seems (pro lim.) to have

arrested the progress of the disease. The plants
have cast a number of old leaves, and new ones have
been formed. We should be thankful to have the
advice of any practical men who have h.ad similar
experience. Our whole stock of plants outside of
the kinds referred to are dead. It was a special
favourite for first crop. Si'cf.

AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS— With us, among
the plants which the hot summer has suited best, are
Agapanthus nmbellatus. The white-fiowered one,
pLanted out last autumn, and unprotected, has a head
with sixty fiowers ; the blue form, and A. Mooreanus,
the small-flowered one, had a wicker hen-coop with
bracken through the bars over them in winter, and
are in bloom. Crinum Powelli has bloomed beauti-
fullv, and a friend here has given me C. Macowani.
I planted offsets, which stood the winter, but were
too small to bloom ; and a Belladonna Lily on the
to]) of a mound had two stems, one witli eight, the
other with six flowers ; but perhaps the different
varieties of Lilium speciosum have gained most from
the long heat, as they have bloomed earlier than
usual, and so have escaped frost injuring the flowers.
George F. Wilson,

SPLIT-POD CARNATIONS. — These are always
olijectiouable, let the blooms be ever so fine, but at
least they refuse to seed, and that is satisfactory.
The flower-pod or decaying calyx when examined
invariably shows a hard green bud, containing an em-
bryo flower, showing that in all these exceptionally
double fiowers the anthers had become changed into
petals. Of a big batch of plants, which are seeding
freely, only 10 |)er cent, have thus demoralised pods.
I find again that these big burst flowers generally
come in clusters in the steins, whereas fair-sized,
clean-formed fiowers come generally singly or in
pairs, and are therefore all the more acceptable for
cutting. The hot dry season seems to have been
peculiarly favourable to the production of seed from
good double flowers. A. B.

VERONICA CUPRESSOIDES AND V. SALICOR-
NIOIDES.— I was glad to see Mr. Kolfe's note on this
subject at p. 303, but I must say that, to my mind,
the' point raised by "D." (p. 247) is left unsettled by
anything that is advanced in that note. True Mr.
Eolfe throws the weight of his authority, backed by
the authority of Kew, on the side of " D.," and
aftirms his belief that the latter is right in his state-
ment, that the plant known in gardens as V. sali-
cornioides is V. cupressoides. Hook, fil., but he does
so, I venture to think, on very slight grounds.
Referring to a specimen growing in his own
garden, he says, "But this very plant I have
long known as V. cupressoides, and I be-
lieve I received it as such, though I cannot be
quite certain now as to this point." This uncer-
tainty as to the origin il name of the specimen
spoken of is regretable. The description of it
however, which follows, leaves little doubt on my
mind that it is the plant hitherto known as V. sali-
cornioides. " It is," Mr. Rolfe says, " a dense
excessively branched bush, with me, less than
6 inches high, and always procumbent in habit."
This description accurately fits the last named
species, wherever I have seen it in gardens, but it in
no way .agrees with livingspecimens of^V. cupressoides,
nor does it agree with Hooker's description of the
latter species, but it unquestionably does so, in as far
as it goes, with that of the former. Mr. Kolfe says,
" the ultimate appeal as to which is which of the two
must depend upon the original specimens," and he
further quotes a note which ''e finds attached to one
of the original specimens, and which I presume is V.
cupressoides. The note is : — " It forms a thick bush,
between 5 and 6 fnet high, where I found it on the
npper Wairaw, 4000 feet above the level of the sea.
I h.ave also found it .at Tarndale. 1500 feet higher,
but not more in growth than a foot. The flowers are
violet-coloured." Now there are two points in this
description that I would call Mr. Rolfe's .attention to,
first, the height of the plant described. At the
highest elevations .at which it is found it is not more
than a foot high, whMe at lower elevations it is found
to be between 5 and 6 feet high. Now I would ask
has Mr. Rolfe ever met with specimens of V. sali-
cornioides, as found in gardens, more than 1 foot high,
or has he ever found specimens attaining to the
height of 3 or more feet ? If he has not, is the pre-
sumption not a fair one that the note describes V.
cujiressoides while it may be attached to a siiecimen
of V. salicornioides? The probability of this being
the case is strengthened by the second point, viz.,
the colour of the flowers, which are said to be violet

Septesiber 17, 1887.]

THE QARDEKEBS' GUI? ON I CLE.

345

iu the note ami also in tlie description of the former
species in Hookers Handboofc of tha yew Zealand
Flora. There is nothing I maintain in the note dis-
agreeing with the original description of this species
in the author's handbook, but it is quite probable
that there may be confusion among the specimens ;
and this, it appears to me, is the point to be settled,
before reliance can Ije placed on tlie original speci-
mens. As something tou-ards a solution of the
question, I may say that I have recently seen the
flowers of V. salicornioides, as so named in gardens,
and that they are pure wliite, about {-inch across the
limb, the anthers bright red. It only remains for me
to notice Mr. Rolfe's statement, that 1 appear
"exactly to transpose the descriptions of the two
species." In this he is simply in error, except, in-
deed, the author or his publisher may have tampered
with my copy — an improbability which I am suie
Jlr. Rolfe \youId not seriously entertain, or, if he did,
would hardly hold me responsible for the result. E.

I was much interested in the communication

of your correspondent, " E.." at p. 276. respecting a
note of mine on the identification of the above plant.
*' K." appears entirely satisfied with his conclusions,
although to myself, and doubtless to others, there is
much that is ambiguous, and quite beside the point.
I was not altogether ignorant, as " E." infers, about
the two plants being in the Edinburgh Botanic
Garden ; but as I liad not seen them for some time,
I thought it much better, in the absence of notes,
not to trust to memory in describing them. I was
also perfectly well aware of the two plants being
cultivated by the late I. A. Henry, Esq., Hay Lodge,
and the very plant I worked with in the first instance
was the one sent to us by that gciitlemaa in 1879
under its well known name of V. salicornioides. I
had also seen the plant in many gardens about the
country under this name, and have many times been
struck with its variable habit in dift'erent localities.
" E." assumes also that I was aware of two specific
forms being in cultivation ; but he assumes too
much. I am aware only of two forms of one
species, the one a low somewhat i>rocumbent
form, and the other of upright habit, and I have
seen the former variety somewhat change its more
usual habits when grown exposed on the dry hills
near Dorking and elsewhei'c. Tlirough the courtesv
of Mr. Lindsay, of Edinburgh. I have seen a branch
of each of the varieties mentioned, and labelled, to
wit, with the names under which I kneiv them long
before my note was penned. I am still of the same
opinion, backed by the authorities of Kew Herbarium,
that the plant known in English gardens as V. sali-
cornioides is really V. cupressoides, and the plant
known at Edinburgh under the latter name, to
which " E." refers, is, no doubt an upright form of
this same species. Were " E." better acquainted
with the variations in New Zealand plants generally,
and Veronicas in particular, he would readily see his
way to include the one in the other. I acknowledge
the size of the leaves being a very dubious character,
but "E." very judiciously ignored the sectional dif-
ference I pointed out, and which entirely separates
the one species from the other. Since Sir J. D.
Hooker described the Veronicas in the New Zealand
Flora, they have been carefully studied, and the
living plants fully worked out by J. B. Armstrong,
Esq., a synopsis being published "in the Transactions
of the New Zealand Imtitutc, August, 1880, where
the sections or series referred to are defined,
as well as the size of the leaves given in my note,
the autlior's name being unfortunately omitted by
mistake. For the benefit of those interested, it will
perhaps be as well to give them again as they stand
in the synopsis referred to : — Series A, Leaves in dis-
tinct opposite pairs ; V. cupressoides. Series B.
Leaves deeply imbricated, opposite pairs connate at
the base, branches square: V. salicornioides. The
above definition to anyone who has seen specimens
is quite satisfactory; but as your correspondent
" E." refers to the New Zealand Flora. I append
the synopsis and descriptions by the author
of the two sjiecies, V. salicornioides, branches
terete, leaves truncate ; V. cupressoides, leaves in
distant opposite pairs, and the descriptions i-un
thus : — V. cupressoides, a dense excessivelj'-branched
bush, 1—13 feet high, branches erect, fastigiate,
slender, glabrous ; leaves very minute, one-tenth of
an inch long, ovate, oblong, obtuse, not broader
than the branch, opposite pairs connate at the
base, erect, or appressed, glabrous, fleshy ; flowers
very small, three or four at the end of the slender
branchlets ; bracts much larger than sepals, both
broadly oblong, obtuse, not ciliated. V. sali-
cornioides, a small much branched erect or ascending
woody species, yellow-gi-een when dry ; branches

with the leaves on terete, 1-lOth — l-12th inch
diameter ; leaves closely imbricating, and closely
ajipressed to and adnate witli the branches, ex-
tremely short, opposite pairs connate almost
throughout their entire length, each pair forming a
narrow ring l-12th — 1-lOth inch deep around the
branch ; truncate, scarcely acute, minutely ciliate,
flowers in small short oblong terminal three to six-
flowered heads ; raehis villous ; bracts short and very
broad : sepals oblong, obtuse. With the above
description for the plant labelled in gardens as such
" E." seems perfectly satisfied ; but had he compared
that description carefully with the plant he would at
once have seen that, allowing even for very great
variation, it would be impossible to make them
agree. Compared, however, with the description of
V. cupressoides it answers entirely in all but the low
habit, which, 1 believe, is not always constant. The
branch 1 received from Edinburgh as V. sali-
cornioides has the leaves in distinct opjjosite
pairs, connate at the base, erect but rarely
appressed, ovate, oblong, obtuse, and fleshy. In the
plant labelled V. cupressoides the habit is upright,
the pairs of leaves distinct, and more distant, in some
few cases only, connate at the base, ovate, oblong,
fleshy, and with a ridge of short hairs on the stems
alternate with the pairs of leaves. Of coui'se in the
absence of flowers and fruit it will perhaps be better
not to say definitely what the latter plant really is,
but cveiy thing in leaves, habit, &c., agrees entirly with
V. cujiressoides, and will not indeed begin to do for
any allied species. It will perhaps be interesting to
note the curious effect tliat heat or dense shade has
on the plant known as V. salicornioides ; under these
conditions the branches grow up erect, but very weak,
the leaves lengthen, become almost linear, obtuse,
and curved away from the branches. The lower
ones are much broader, and in sotne instances trifid. In
the open air in the neighbourhood of London it never
assumes the fine bushy habit that it does in the Edin-
burgh Botanic Garden. Mr. K. A. Kolfe has not
properly understood the question at issue between
" E.'' and myself, and his remarks (see p. 303) are
altogether beside the point. D. [Our correspondent
sends a specimen of V. salicornioides, which he says
corresponds with the type. V. cupressoides (V.
salicornioides of gardens) is quite different. Ed.]

Scotland.

MCSHROOJI GROWING IN A RAILWAY
TUNNEL.

The attractive exhibition of Mushrooms made by
the Scottish Mushroom Company at the last show of
the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society was an
interesting feature of the show. The samples were
shown in punnets or baskets, containing about 1 lb. ;
also singly, to give an idea of single specimens of the
larger size ; while in a jardiniere or glass case the
process of growth was well illustrated by bold clusters
starting from the surface of the artificial bed. The
general public in Scotland are as yet hardly so much
interested in Mushrooms and JIushroom growing as
in England. The old prejudice against Soyer's
" Pearl of the Fields," founded on nothing better than
the traditional classific.ition of all funguses as
" toadstools," has a powerful hold on the average
Scotsman who has not travelled. He is apt to view
them as they were viewed in Spenser's time, who
says, in Faerie Queen ; —

" The gi'isly toadstool grown there might I see,
And loathed paddocks lording on the same."

But all this is passing away, slowly it may be, but
surely. Considerable progress has been made within
the last twenty years in dispelling the ignorance that
prevailed, and yet too much prevails, respecting the
value of Mushrooms and other funguses as food for
the people. Mushroom-eating people in the South,
have, however, had some advantages over us in the
North ; they have had, for not a few years, what mav
be called Mushroom farms in their midst, and are
fiimiliar with the produce of those farms. In the
North we are only beginning to realise that such a
farm is not only practicable but likely to become a
profitable enterprise.

The Scottish Mushroom Company is the first firm
that has taken up the business of Mushroom culture

in Scotland in a wholesale manner. The company
was formed in May last and obtained the dis-
used tunnel of the North British Railway, known
as the Scotland Street Tunnel. The tunnel
is nearly three-quarters of a mile in length
and stretches in a northern direction from
Waverley station, Edinburgh, under the new part
of the city to Scotland Street station, where it
terminates. It has been disused for the purpose of
trattic for over twenty years, but is, notwithstanding
in iliirly good condition. It is 24 feet wide, and the
rails being left intact aflord the facility of carrying
manure, &c., to any point in the tunnel with great
economy; in fact, the railway waggons that carry the
material to the station are simply backed up the
rails by the engine to any point wished, and left
there till they arc wanted. It was feared that the
smoke and vapour from the engine would have an
injurious efi'ect on the pioduce, but so far there has
been nothing to complain of in this respect. Pre-
cautions are, however, taken by the management to
prevent too frequent a use of the engine inside the
tunnel, once, or at most twice, a week being
found sufficient to meet the requirements. Water
is laid on on one side of the tunnel with taps
at convenient distances from each other, and the
requisite watering is done from these by means of a
hose. Everything, in short, is arranged with a view-
to convenience and economy of labour. The tunnel
is also divided into three compartments by trans-
verse partitions with sliding doors on the roadway,
so that draughts may be eft'ectually prevented.
There is no means of heating except what may be
obtained from the immense mass of manure that is
useJ. But the fact that the temperature within the
tunnel during last winter, when observations were
taken for the purpose of attesting its fitness in this
respect, averaged about 50°, tliere appears to be no
reason to anticipate any dilliculty in regard to suflS-
cient warmth.

The beds are made on the floor on both sides the
single line of i-ails that forms the sole roadway
through tlie tunnel. Those on the left, passing from
Scotland Street station, are foimed against the wall
about 4 feet wide, and are almost continuous for
about 200 yards. Those on the right occupy a
width of about 1.5 feet. Part of the first compart-
ment has been formed so that the beds range longi-
tudinally the full width of the space on the right— a
plan obviously inconvenient for the purpose of
gathering the crop and other operations. All the
other beds are laid transversely in ridge form, each
ridge having a base of about 3 feet by about 2.J. feet
high, the sides tapering to an apex of nearly 18 inches
wide. A narrow path separates each. There are about
800 yards of the tunnel already occupied with beds
which, if placed end to end, would extend to fully
two miles in length. Many of the earlier beds are
now giving crops, and have a most promising ap-
pearance, and the quality leaves nothing to be
desired. There is a staff of fourteen or fifteen
men employed. The offices, which are at ihe Scot-
land Street end of the tunnel consist of a preparing
shed 60 yards by 4 yards, an ample packing and
sorting room, and a convenient counting-house, or
manager's office.

Mr. Handasyde late of the Nurseries, Mussel-
burgh, is tlie projector and the manager of this latest
Scotch horticultural enterprise. The undertaking
is a bold one, but it is in good hands. Every
arrangement appears to be complete and well con-
ceived, and it only remains for the public to extend
that patronage and support which it deserves, to
render it a splendid commercial success. [The sample
sent us is very good and even, but too long in the
stalk. Ed.]

Glasgow and West or Scotland Hokticultckal

SOCIETV.

September 7.— This was the largest exhibition held
for years in the St. Andrew's Hall. In quality it
fairly excelled most of its predecessors, and although
it is always a gi'eat show it is one generally repre-
sentative of the district.

Pot plants.— In rfsjiect of quality and size and

34(5

THE GAliDlSNi:R8' CUnoniCLR

[SErXESIEEI! 17, 188?.

variety we have seen much better before. No doubt
such examples as that of Erica Austiniaiia, from >rr.
Thos. Hogg. gr. to John Gordon, Esq., of Aitkenheail,
which tooli tlie premier prize as the best plant in the
show, would be difficult to beat anywhere, but the bulk
of them were only moderate in quality. The tables for
effect were good without being superlatively so, par-
ticuUavly those from Jlr. G. Meston, gr., Murcia
House, PoUockshiels, who took the Society's Gold
Medal ; from Mr. Kaesido. gr., Parkhill ; and from
the President's garden .it Partick — the latter being
rather overcrowded with showy Crotons, but very
nicely arranged.

Cut flowers were, as a lot, a gi-acd exhibition. Tlie
Dahlias from Mr. JI. Campbell, Blantyrc ; from Mr.
J. Sutherland, Lenzie ; from Mr. Hogg, Aitkenhead ;
from Mr. R. Smith, Harewood ; Mr. Archb. Park,
Cardross; and, indeed, the whole exhibits, covering
a t.ible which took nearly one of the anterooms
for themselves, were a sight that will not easily be
forgot. The single Dahlias from Jlr. Campbell, Irom
Jlr. Park, and from Mr: D. ^McBain, were charming as
varieties, and for the nice style in which they were put
up. The Hollyhocks .are .again to the front, .although not
so good as we remember tliem twenty years ago, the
best coming from 5Ir. M. Campbell, Blantyre. The
herbaceous plants are now shown to attract attention
— put up much in the same way, in tri.angular bouquets,
as were the single Dalili.as and the Violas ; and they
look admirable so arranged. Formerly the exhibits
in this way were uninviting— too much of the funereal
aspect about them— but in the w.ay Jlr. Stewart,
Campsie ; Mr. Meikleour, Bridge ol Weir ; and others
showed them, tliey attracted very much attention.
Tlie gener.al look of all flowers showed how favourable
a season we have been passing through, looking to
the general exhibits and to the quality.

Fruit was much finer than we remember to have seen
it here. The collections, although not so good as
at Edinburgh, were excellent. Mr. D. McBain, Craig
Ends, Johnstone, won easily with about the best
Alicante Grapes we ever saw exhibited, without
flaw, and heavy bunches ; the other sorts being also
good. Koyal George Peaches had evidently been kept
back, but were still of tine quality ; and Elruge Xectar-
ines. Magnum Bonums, Kirke's, and other Plums as
good as possible; Figs. Pears, and excellent Apples,
also Melons, making up a showy and well finished lot.
Mr. J. Thomson, gi-., Broomhill, Partick, showed
Black Hamburghs which were all that could
be desired. Mr. Crosljy, from the Duke of Montrose,
Buchanan House, was an excellent 2nd. This ex-
hibitor had the best Musc.Us, and his Stirling Castle
Apples were in such fettle, that one could scarcely
recognise them for their immense size and excellent
finish but for the prominent eye, which is .always con-
spicuous in this meritorious variety. All the fruit
lots were good, and w hat added considerably to their
interest was the large number of the exhibits. The
best Peaches came from Mr. IMcBain, the best Nec-
tarines from Mr. Crosby, the best Plums from Mr.
Gordon, Dryman ; the best baking and dessert Apples
from Mr. Robert, Strathden. Mr. JlcConnachie,
Cameron House, showed excellently in the collec-
tions of fruit ; and of hardy fruit the best lot came
from Mr. Wilson, Anchincruive.

Vegetables were enormous in size, generally speak-
ing, and correspondingly good in quality. The
"blue ribbon "of the d.ay went to Mr. Hogg, Ait-
kenhead, closely followed by Mr. JIcBain, for Cauli-
flowers, Celery, Beet, Parsnips, French Beans, Cab-
bages, Marrows, Onions, Carrots, Turnips, Leeks,
and Peas. There was a very notable exhibition of
Potatos— nothing better among the lot of them
than the Village Blacksmith, which both looks and
eats well. Veitch's Giant Cauliflower was 1st
everywhere.

Amateurs struggle with each other in pot pl.ants,
some of them exceedingly creditably, as this class,
has generally, under the Scotch heading, to exhibit
witliout the help of much glass. They try almost
every description of plant, from Ericas downward,
but judging from the exhibits they are most formid-
a,')le with Liliums— both lancifolium and its v.arieties,
and auratum being their famous articles formeasuring

strength with : and admirable tliey were — Messrs.
Walter Buchanan, John Nicol, and John Jamieson
showing well. Their vegetable lots were generally
good and well contested for. Possibly they were
more deficient in " big Leeks" this year than hereto-
fore, which is to be accounted for by the long spell
of dry weather. The Leek is a plant that can do
— if you want to have it ot Brobdingnagian size —
with perpetual moisture. A.

Royal C.iledonias Horticultctkat. Societv at
Edixbcrgh ; Ixsectivorocs Plants.

The excellent table of Nepenthes and other
insectivorous plants, &c., staged at the autumn exhi-
bition, on AVednesday last, September 7, in the
Waverley Market, Edinburgh, by Mr. Lindsay, the
able Curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, deserves a
more detailed notice than has so far been accorded to
it. Surely so unique and curious a collection of
plants deserves recording, especially when so much
space is devoted to some fruit of which, at this par-
ticular season, tons could be forthcoming, whereas
there are not many gardens in the United Kingdom
from which such a collection of Nepenthes could be
brought together. Variety and character was given
to the group by some fine specimen economic ]»Iant3
9 to 12 feet high, viz., the Bread-fruit ( Artocarpus
incisa), the Cow tree (Galactodendron utile), the
Seaside Grape (Coccoloba pubescens), the Coca
(Erythroxylon Coca), forming the centre around
which some gi-acelul Ferns, grandspecimen Nepenthes,
and Sarrrcenias, were artistically grouped, \vliilst
Droseras, Diona>a Muscipula, .and some pans of small
leaved aquatics g.ave a finish to the whole.

The Venus' Fly-trap (Dionaa Muscijnila) were
exceptionally good ; individual plants measui'ed 10
to 12 inches through, having "traps" 1} inch long
by 1.} incli across. These were pronounced by some
old exhibitors to be the largest they had ever seen
exhibited.

The aquatics, AzoUa pinnata, Salvinia natans,
Pontederia crassipes, exhibited in pans of watei', were
of considerable interest and attraction to the visitors.

Drosera binata, D. capensis, and D. rotundi folia,
witli the curious Drosophyllum lusit.anicum, tlie Por-
tuguese representative, were particularly well grown,
the leaves covered with abundance of their cliarac-
terlstic glandular hairs.

The Sarracenias, fine bushy plants, with fiom
seven to thirty trumpet-shaped pitchers (according to
their rarity), were represented by the deep purple
S. purpurea, S. crispata, S. flava, the white spotted
S. Drummondl, S. D. alba, and S. variolaris, the
distinct and handsome S. flava ornata, the rare
hybrids S. PatersoniX, S. Mitchellianax, S. Mad-
disonianax, and S. ToUiana, made an excellent
variation.

Amongst Ferns a fine specimen of Davallia Tyer-
nianni major (a seedling raised in the Royal Botanic
Gardens) D. heterophylla, D. hirsuta var. angustata,
a few dwarf forms of Davallias and others, were par-
ticularly handsome, adding an air of lightness to the
group.

The post of honour was certainly occupied by the
large specimen Nepenthes, amongst which the fol-
lowing were the most noteworthy : — N. sanguinea,
N. Veitchii, N. albo-m.arglnata, N. .ampuUivrla, with
its two varieties, N. a. vlttata and N. a. vittata
major, the first having some seventy of its small
stem-clustered, egg-shaped urns or pitchers ; N.
phyll.amphora, N. Hookeriana, Low ; N. H. elon-
gata. Low ; N. Raftlesiana, W. Jack (the N.
Rafflesiaiia, Hort., tlie N. Hookeriana, Hort.) ; and two
natty little pitchers which make excellent t.able
plants, viz., N. lajvis and N. gracilis ; the true N.
dlstlUatoria (N. zeylanica, Hort.), N. Khasiana (the
N. distillatoria, Hort.) ; last, but not the least of the
species, N. cincta, which promises to jirove one of
the very best in cultivation— a free grower, develop-
ing pitchers at every leaf ; the corrugated ruby-purple
margin to its purjjle spotted pitcher being very con-
spicuous, the shape as it developes (each new pitcher
being larger than the last) strongly reminding one of
N. Lindleyana, Low, or il a little more funnel-shaped

of the drawings of the as yet unfortunately nnintro-
duced N. Pervillei. Almost the only species in cul-
tivation unrepresented in this exhibition — singular
to say — is the one of which the oldest records are
known. I allude to N. madagascarlensis, which I
am informed is still a " desideratum " at the Royal
Bot.anic Gardens, Edinburgh. Of a large number of
hybrids the best were; — N. MastersiauaX. the dis-
tinct green form of N. Dominl.anaX, N. Chelsonix,
N. iutermedlax, N. JIorgiina;X, N. Williamsix,
and several good seedlings raised in the gardens.

I must not forget various cut flowers of hybrid
Hedychlums raised in the Royal Botanic Gardens
and a bunch of double Heather (Calluna vulgaris
fl.-pl.), perhaps the most beautiful double flower I
have ever seen, reminding one of a miniature Prunus
triloba it is surprising that this old and extremely
beautiful plant is not more generally cultivated. H'.
E. DLeon.

TUBEROUS BEGONIAS AT
MESSRS. L.'i-IXG & CO.'S NURSERY.

It was quite a surprise to see the amount of bloom
on these plants on beds in the open. There are
more than 80.000 bedded out in long rectangular
beds, and within full view of the passers-by on the
high road. The varied colouring, its richness, bril-
liancy, and quantity make a most remarkable exhi-
bition, and go far to prove the perfect suitability of
these easily gro\vn plants for the decoration of the
garden, for'while the Pelargonium, its nearest equal
as a bedding or vase plant, is out of bloom generally
in the soutliern parts of the kingdom, the Begonia
is in full flower, and will remain so until frosts cut
off' its beauties. The foliage, in opposition to that of
the Pelargonium and most other soft-wooded plants,
does not lengthen unduly, as the days shorten, and
moisture in the air increases. As .all this variety of
colour and form is obtained by sowing carefully
hybridised seeds of single and double varieties, and
names are given without limit to the best, we cannot
give many of these, but must refer the would-be
grower to the published lists. Standing out from the
others in point of size and colouring may be men-
tioned Prince of Wales, a refulgent crimson ; Prin-
cess of Wales, rose colour ; Mrs. Fetch, white,
shaded with rose — very pretty; Princess Victoria,
rose ; and Guardsman, a very bright scarlet flower.

For massing, or for lines, or in designs where a
decided quantity of colour is desired, these horizon-
tally poised, short-stalked, floriferous plants, will
become indispensable ; but for gracefulness we can-
not help thinking they are excelled by the pendulous
forms.

Societies.

EOYAL HORTICULTURAL.

TcEsDAV, September 13. — A small exhibition,
not devoid of interest, assembled on the occasion of
the above meeting in the conservatory at South
Kensington. Hardy cut flowers. Dahlias of various
sections, and the different kind of vegetables that
were shown in response to the offer of special prizes
by sever.al firms of seedsmen, were the chiel items.

Floral Committee.

Present; G. F. Wilson, Esq., in the ch.alr; and
Messrs. Shirlev Hibberd, Rev. W. Wilkes, W. Gold-
ring, H. Herbst, W. H. Lowe, G. Duffield. B. Wynne,
W. Holmes, R. Dean, C Noble, C. Fetch, J. Domlnv,
T. Balncs, A. F. Lendy, H. Turner. E. Hill, M. t.
JIasters, and A. Perry.

The most numerous collection of rare plants came
from the nursery of Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea,
comprising two varieties of greenhouse Rhododen-
drons, of which Tlietis, a yellowish-huff, with a good
sized truss, was the best : Crinum Hildebrandi, a
s])ecies witli pure white flowers of moderate size for
the genus, with very narrow recurved segments and
projecting red st.amens ; Opllsmenus albldus, a
creeping grass with densely crowded, short, appressed,
lanceolate, yellowish le.aves. It will make a good
plant for edgings to stages or beds in stove-houses.
A flowering plant of Habenaria milltaris, a terrestrial
Orchid, is remarkable for Its relatively large lip,
which is 3-lobed, the median lobe being again sub-
divided into two; the colour is a rich scarlet.
Nepenthes Citrtlsl, a handsome new species from
Borneo, with long trumjiet-like pitchers 6—6 inches

?EPtKj;BEE 1", 1887

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

347

long, on tlip ends of the tendril-like extension of the
li-af. The pitchers are green, blotched with piiri>Iisli-
hrown, provided with two narrow, fringed wings in
front, the mouth surrounded by a revolute margin
Hnelv ribbed with brownish ribs mottled with ycllow-
isli-green blotches, and surmounted by an ovate-
acute lip of a greenish colour, beautifully veined
and mottled with lilac. The leaves are glaucous.
N. cylindricax is a hybrid raised in Messrs.
Veitch's establishment. It has long, trumpet-like
pitchers, winged in front, and of a green colour. It
is not so ornamental as many others. Impatiens
Sultani, with the green leaves edged with yel-
low, affords variety, but otherwise, in our opinion
at least, ofl'ers no improveisent on the original.
Masdevallia culex, shown by Sir Trevor Lawrence,
which received a Botanical Certificate, is a most
curious little plant, well illustrating Professor
Keichenbach's happy facility in imposing appropriate
names to the plants he describes. Tlie flowers in
this case are borne on the wire-like branches of a
panicle, and with tlieir gauzy and spotted segments
almost exactly resemble gnats. It received a Bo-
tanical Certificate. A flowering plant of Habenavia
militaris, a teiTCStrial Orchid, is remarkable for its
relatively large lip, which is 3-lobed, the median
lobe being again subdivided into two : the colour is
a rich scarlet. Dendrobium stratiotes, figured in the
Gardcntrs' Chronicle. 1886, Vol. xxvi.. p. 177, came
also from Burford Lodge. It is remarkable for the
long erect, twisted sepals, which give a singular ap-
pearance to the flower. The lip is white, with a net-
work of purplish veins.

Mr. Ballantine, gr., The Dell, Egham, exhibHed
Saccolabium cteleste, a small-flowered species, with
whitish segments, the fore-part of the lip being
tinged with pale blue. The plant shown was
hardly in good form at present; and Odonto-
glossum Scbroderianum, which species has mucli
of the habit of 0. vexiUarium, hut the flowers
are widely diflerent. In this plant the segments are
narrow, greenish-olive coloured, with purplish Itrown
spots : the lip is large and prominent, with a large
violet blotch at the base, and a flat, white, roundish
anterior lobe.

Mr. Cowley, gr. to F. G. Tautz, Esq.. Studley
House, Shepherd s Bush, exhibited Aerides Kohani-
anum, the white segments of whose flowers have
a violet blotch at the tips, the horn-like spur of
the lip being yellowish, and dotted with numerous
minute brown spots. Dendrobium superbiens, re-
markable for its long pseudobulbs and raceme of
rosy-lilac flowers, the segments of which are recurved
so as to give a convex face to the flower as a whole.

Jlr. Healey, gr. to A. C. Bartholomew, Esq., Park
House, Reading, exhibited a trained ballooon plant
of Schubertia grandiflora. This is a stove climber,
native of Brazil, like Physianthus albens, but with
hairy, not glaucous leaves. The leaves are oblanceo-
late, the white trumpet-shaped flowers about 2 inches
long, borne in trusses. They have a peculiar fra-
grance suggestive of a mixture of uewdy mown hay
and Melon. The plant is very free, and a desirable
variety in a stove.

From Messrs. Chantrier Freres, Moi'tfontaine,
Oise, came Alocasia Chantrierix (A. Sanderiana X
A. metallica), partaking of the characteristics of
the former in the greater degree ; the foliage is sagi-
tate in form.

Mr. Bateman showed Rubus phronicolasius, shoots
of an ornamental Bramble, tiie undersides of the
leaves of which are glauccus-white, the berries
orange-red, and supported on hairy stalks. The
plant is very ornamental against a wall or in a cool
conservjitory.

ilr. Cannell showed some Begonias, the result of
crossing B. nitida and B. semperflorens, evergreen,
fibrous-rooted winter-flowering species ; with some of
the tuberous-rooted forms. The flowers were smaller
than those of the tuberous varieties, of which they
had something of the colour. The flowers were
variously malformed, the most common abnormality
consisting in the imperfect condition of the male
flowers, and the development of an abnormal number
of wings to the seed-vessels. Some boxes of excellent
Cactus Dahlias, deserving notice ; amongst the more
ephemeral single-flowered varieties M. T. Abery,
a white with scarlet edge to the florets, is telling; as
is Germania nova, of lilac colour, neatly quilled
florets ; Lady E. Dyke, a clear yellow ; Lady Brassey,
bright scarlet; Charming Bride, rosy-lilac suffusion
on a w^hite ground ; Lady Thompson, of the inner
colour of Cactus Ackermanni. A Bronze Banksian
Medal was awarded.

Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham, had quite alarge number
of exhibits, consisting of pompon Dahlias, amongst

which were Miss Gordon, certiflcated recently ; Miss
Linaker, lilac ; Ellen Terry, same colour ; Miss H.
Ilenshaw, primrose-yellow ; and Canterbury Tales,
a ]mrplish-crimson. Amongst the Cactus varieties
shown was Zulu, a dark velvetty-crimson flower.
His other exhibits were Gladioli, Liliums Leichtlini,
yellow, with brown spots ; album vernum, speciosum
puuctatum, speciosum Kriistzeri, and Melpomene; the
pretty Campanula isophylla var. alba, resembling the
better known C. fragilis, but having white flowers
an inch across.

T. W. Girdlestone, Esq., Sunningdale, Berks,
showed in single-flowered Dahlias, JIaude Jfillett, a
flower white and sufl'used towa;'ds the tips of the
florets witli mauve, which was awarded a Certificate.

Show Dsihlias came from Mr. C. Turner, Slough,
five of which were considered worthy of a Certifi-
cate— Glowworm, a medium-sized scarlet; Purple
Prince, not as fine in build as the former, being
lower in the centre, but of a beautiful tint of purple ;
Olivia, lilac, small, but perfect ; Lustrous, crimson,
also perfect ; and William Carlisle, white, with purp-
lish-crimson tips.

Mr. W. Wildsmith, of Heckfield Park Gardens,
showed a compact-habited Iresine, Mr. Coleman's
variety, a sport from I. Lindeni, raised by the gardener
of that name at Eastnor Castle.

Mr. K. Dean showed a free-flowering Marigold of
soft vellow colour, and some rich-coloured Gaillardia
picta; a few Dahlias with single flowers ; and a sport
from D. Juarezii, together with a Coleus sport, came
from Mr. Munday, Church Street, Basingstoke.

Plants of Begonias in many useful stove species
we'-e sent from the Society's garden, Chiswick, most
of them coming into flo.ver during the winter months.
Crinnm Moorei, in several fine spikes, and a variety
of Asters, came from the same source.

Some meritorious examples of Selaginellas were
shown by Mr. A. 'Wriglit, gr. to E. H. Watts, Esq.,
Devouhurst, Chiswick. A Silver Banksian Medal was
awarded.

FlllST-CLASS CliETlFICATES.

Schubertia grandiflora, from A. C. Bavtiiolomew,
Esq.

Dahlia (decorative) Zulu, from Mr, T. S. Ware.

Dahlia (single) Miss II. Henshaw, from Mr. T. .S.
Ware.

Oplismenus albidus, from Messrs. J. 'Veitch & Sons.

Rhododendron Thetis, from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons.

Nepenthes Curtisi, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

Dahlia (single) Maude MiUett, froraT. W. Girdle-
stone, Esq.

Iresine William Coleman, from Mr. W. Wildsmith.

Dendrobium stratiotes, from Sir T. Lawrence, Bart.

Ilabenaria militaris, from Sir T. Lawrence, Bart.

Dahlia (show) Glow-worm, from Mr. C. Turner.

Dahlia (show) Purple Prince, from Mr. C. Turner.

D.ihlia (show) Lustrous, from Mr. C. Turner.

Dalilia (show) Olivia, from ilr. C. Turner.

Dahlia (pompon) William Carlisle, from Mr. C.
Turner.

Odontoglossum Schrodei'ianum, from Baron
Schroder.

BoTASIC.\L COMJPINDATION.

Masdevallia culex, from Sir T. Lawrence, Bart.

Cultural Comjiend.\tion.
Dendrobium superbiens, from F. G. Tautz, Esq.

Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, exhi-
bited seedling Apples, Peaches in pots full of fruit,
and si.Kty dishes of Apples — a good aver.age as to
size, but wanting in colour.

Jlr. DeveriU, Uousham, Aylesbury, showed samples
of Early Horn, Early Nantes, Ne Plus Ultra Runner
Bean. Many varieties of the Onions improved by
him were likewise sliown, carefully prepared evidently,
and with the weight of each lot appended. Several
useful looking Onions grown from Messrs. Vilmorin's
stocks were shown, in which the more serviceable
qualities of the bulb were seen.

Special Prizes. — Special prizes offered by Messrs.
Carter & Co. — Tomatos (Carter's Perfection). — 1st,
Mr. T. Lockie, Oakley Court, Windsor; 2nd, Mr. C.
.1. Waiter, Glenhurst Gardens, Esher ; 3rd Mr. L.
Jennings, Forest Lodge, Farnborough.

Carter's Jubilee Runner Bean. — 1st, Mr. S.
Richardson, Enfield; 2nd, Mr. J. Bunting, Enfinld :
3rd, Mr. T. A. Beckett, Amersham.

Prizes offered by Mr. H. Deverell. — Runner Bean
(NePIus Ultra).— 1st, Mr. P. Cornish, Enfield; 2nd,
Jlr. J. Bunting, Enfield ; 3rd, Mr. G. Neal, Bamp-
ton, 0.\ou.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons' prizes. — Sutton's Early
Gem Carrot. — 1st, Mr. R. Lye, Newbury; 2nd, Mr.
.1. Baker, Bampton, Farringdon ; 3rd, Mr. W. Pope,
Newbury.

Sutton's Perfection Tomato. — 1st, ^Ir. C. J.
Waite, Esher ; 2nd, "Sir. L. Jennings, Forest Lodge,
Farnborough ; 3rd, Mr. T. Lockie, Oakley Court,
Windsor.

Messrs Webb & Son's prizes for Tomatos. — 1st,
Jlr. J. Muir, Margam Park; 2nd, Mr. W.Pope, New-
bury; 3rd, Mr. C. J. Waite, Glenhurst, Esher.

The above were good, specially grown examples,
but do not call for any special remarks.

Fruit Committee.

Present ; A. Sutton, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. J. Lee, W. Paul, W. Warren, G. T. Miles.
G. Norman, C. Ross, T. J. Saltmarsh, R. D. Black-
more, R. Hogg, P. Crowley, and G. Bunyard.

W. Roupell, Esq., Harvey Lodge, Roupell Park,
again exhibited Grapes for fine flavour, grown as pot
Vines. The various varieties of the Frontignan,
such as the Primavis and Auvergne, both white
Grapes, were perfect in flavour and not despicable as
to size of bunch and berry. Two forms of the Grizzly
Frontignan were shown — a pale red, the original
form, and a brighter red, sn]>posed to be a sport from
this, and possessed of a more vigorous constitution.
Various A]>ples of fair size were shown to exhibit
the influence of differing stocks on the fruit.

Some few seedling Apples were sent by Mr. C.
Ross, from Welford Park Gardens ; and also Golden
Rainette. Mr. W. Taylor, Osborne's Nursery, Hamp-
ton, showed an Apple, pot-grown, of Schoolmaster,
a fruit of the Cellini type ; as grown it had cropped
well. The Rev. W. Wilks, Shirley Vicarage, showed
a kitchen Apple, The Vicar, a seedling raised there
some seventeen years since.

BATH FLORAL FETE.

Sept. 7 and 8. — This was generally admitted to
have been one of the best all-round exhibitions ever
held in Bath. The leading features were the
Fuchsias, stove and greenhouse and foliaged plants,
the cut flowers, fruit and vegetables. The weather
was dull and cold, still there was a large attend-
ance, as usual. The sum of £700 was offered in
prizes.

Thei'e were five classes for Fuchsias : Jlr. J. Lye,
The Gardens, Clyft'e Hall, Market Lavington, was
1st with eight specimens, having of dark varieties,
Lye's Rival, Henry Brook, the Hon. Mrs. Hay, and
Final, Benjamin Pearson, .and James Welch ; and of
light varieties, Harriet Lye, Lye's Favourite, and
Annie Earle, all of his own raising ; and gocd plants
they were. Mr. G.Snell, gr.toMrs. Counsel!, Bath, was
2nd, his best plants being Charming and Elegance,
dark; AraVella, Lye's Favourite, and Beauty of the
West, light. Mr. Riddict, gr. to Mrs. Pinder,"Weston
Road, Bath, was 1st with six specimens, having
Arabella, ]\Irs. Bright, Queen '/ictoria, light ; Charm-
ing, Bountiful, and Thomas King, dark. Mr.
Southard, gr. to F. J. Walker, Esq., Bathwick Hill,
was 2nd, his best plants being Doel's Favourite,
Miss Lye, and Beauty of the West. Mr. Rid-
dick had the best specimen light Fuchsia in Lye's
Favourite, Mr. J. Lye being 2nd with Loveliness.
Mr. G. Tucker, gr. to Major W. P. Clarke, Trow-
bridge, had the best dark variety, staging a good
plant of Charming. Mr. Hawkins, gr. to T. Jolly,
Esq., Bath, was 2nd with Final. Mr. Hav.'kins had
the best four varieties, having good plants of Doel's
Favourite and Charming, dark; Reine Blanche and
Charmer, light.

Stove and Greeiihouge Plantf. — Mr. James Cypher,
of Cheltenham, had the best twelve plants, sliowing,
in good condition, Ixora Dufili, I. salicifolia, AUa-
manda nobilis, A. Hendersoni, a very fine piece of
Valotta purpurea, Clerodendron Balfourianum, a fine
piece of Pancratium fragrans, &c. 2nd, Mr. Finch,
gr. to J. Marriott, Esq., Coventry, whose best plants
were Ixora amabilis, I. Williamsii, Dipladenia
Brearleyana, D. amabilis. Erica Irbyana, E. Aitoniana
tnrgida, &c. Mr. M. J. Mould, gr. to E. E. Bryant,
Esq., Bath, had the best six specimens, putting up
good plants o( Erica lemula, AUamanda Hender-
soni, A. nobilis, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Erica
eximia, and Pancratium fragrans. Mr. Hawkins had
the best three plants in Lapageria rosea, Eucharis
amazonica, and Cassia corymbosa; 2nd, Mr. H.
Marchant, gr. to the Mayor of Bath. The best
specimen stove plant was AUamanda nobilis ; the
best specimen greenhouse plant, Lapageria rosea.

Orchids. — Mr. J. Cypher was the only exhibitor
of six Orchids, having good plants of .Saccolabium

348

THE GAiiDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[SEPTEsmER 17, 1887.

Blumei Dayanuni, OJontoglossum graude, Cattleya
gigas, C. Dominiana, Aei-Ules Rolianianum, and
Vanda suavis.

Heaths. — Mr. Cypher had the best six Heaths,
Mr. W. C. Driimmond, nurseryman, Bath, being
2nd. Mr. Cypher also had the best specimen, but all
the plants were small. The best new or rare plant
was Alocasia Sanderiana from Mr. Finch ; Mr. J. V.
Mould, nurseryman, I'ewsey, being 2nd, with Croton
Mortii.

Miscellaneous Flowcrincj I'lants. — Bedding Pelar-
goniums, zonal and variegated, were well shown ;
so were Balsams, Gloxinias, Petunias, and Verbenas.
Tuberous Begonias were a very fine feature indeed,
thev were numerous and very good. Mr. Gingell, gr.
to W. Clirtbnl, Esq., Falfield, was 1st; Mr. M. Cole,
gr. to S. Treadwell, Esq., Bath, being 2nd. Liliums
were shown by Messrs. Geo. Cooling & Son, nursery-
men, Bath ; and Mr. Vf. 3. Mould.

Cut Flowers. — These were largely and finely shown.
In the class for thirty-six spikes of Gladioli, Messrs.
J. Burrell & Co., nurseymen, Cambridge, put up a
remarkably fine lot of flowers, including several ])ro-
niising seedlings of their own raising, and to one of
these — a light variety of excellent properties, named
Cygnet — a First-class Certificate of Merit was awarded.
Mr. G. 8. Walters, nurseryman, Calne, was 2nd.
3Ir. J. Mattocks, nurseryman, O.xford, had the best
twelve varieties. Dahlias were both numerous and
good. Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., nurserymen,
Salisbury, had the best twenty-four varieties ;
Messrs. W. Heath & .Son, Cheltenham, being
a close 2nd. A good twelve were shown by
Mr. G. Humphries, nursej'yman, Chippenham ;
Mr. H. Bush, Bath, was 2nd. Fancy varieties
were shown in stands of nine flowers ; Messrs.
Keynes & Co. were 1st, and Mr. G. Humphries 2nd.
Messrs. J. Cheal & Son, nurserymen, had a very
fine stand of twelve bundles of single Dahlias ;
Mr. Thos. Carr, Weston, B.ith, was 2nd. Roses were
very good for the season, Dr. Budd, of Bath, a well-
known amateur, being 1st with thirty-six, and also
with twenty-four varieties ; Messrs. Geo. Cooling &
Son being 2nd with the largest number; and Mr. J.
Mattock in the class for twenty-four blooms. Mr.
Thomas Hobbs, Lower Eaton, i3ristol, had the best
twelve blooms ; Mr. R. B. Cater, Bath, being 2nd.
Zonal Pelargoniums, in twenty-four bunches of not
more than six trusses, were a very fine feature in-
deed, and there was a x^ry close run between Mr.
Cole, gr. to S. Tredwell, Esq., Bathwick, and Jfessrs.
G. Cooling & Son, the former taking 1st honours
by a narrow majority of points. Verbenas were
fairly well shown. German and French Asters were
numerous and very fine, and gave the judges some
trouble. Mr. G. 8. Walters had the best twenty-
four blooms of the quilled type, and Messrs. Geo.
Cooling & Son of thetlat-petalledtype. Phloxes were
fairly good, and Hollyhocks somewhat poor for Bath.
The stands of twenty-four bunches of cut floweis
were very fine, Mr. Geo. Howe, gr. to Lewis F]-v,
Esq., M.P., Clifton, Bristol, was 1st : Mr. W. Iggul-
den, gr. to the Earl of Cork, Marston House, Frome,
being 2nd, his style of setting up was much to be
preferred.

Table Decorations. <(■(■.— Mr. J. Cypher had the
best centrepiece, admirably arranged ; Miss L. Dur-
bin, Bath, was 2nd. Mr. C. Winslow had the best
hand bouquet ; Jlr. M. Hookings being 2nd. AVild
Flowers were shown in twenty-four bundles and also
in bouquets.

Fruit. — The show of fniit was. from about every
point of view, highly satisfactory. In the class for
eight dishes (Pine excluded), Mr. J. H. Gondacre,
gi". to the Earl of Harrington, Elvaston Castle,
was 1st, with admirably finished Muscat of Alex-
andria and Madresfield Court Grapes, Rivers' Orange
Nectarine, Sea Eagle Peaches, Kirke's Plum, Moor
Park Apricot, Figs and Melon. 2nd, Mr. Nash, gr.
to the Duke of Beaufort, Badminton, who had very
fine Alicante and Muscat of Alexandria Grajies,
Dimonil Peach, Lonl Napier Nectarine &c. ; 3rd, Mr.
A. Miller, gr. to W. H. Long, Esq., JI.P., Rood Ashton
Park. Mr. G. Lock, gr. to B. W. Cleave, Esq.,
Crediton, had the best Pine ajiple, Mr. Miller
coming 2nd. Mr. Taylor, gr. to Jlr. Alderman
Chaflin, The Grange, Charlcombe, had the best eight
bunches of Grapes, staging very fine examples of
Muscat of Alexandria. Madresfield Court, Alicante,
and Alnwick Seedling, two bun. In- i,r . atli : 2nd.
Mr. G, F. Crocker, gr to W. II. Mil. - i;-<| , Ilristol,
with good bunches of ^Iii~i.:it nt Al. .uimIi i;i. Gros
Maroc, Buckland Swertwat.r, ami .Ma^lr. sli. Id Court ;
3rd, Mr. Nash. There were si.x collections. Out of
nine competitors with three bunches of Black Ham-
burgh Grapes, Mr. Nash was 1st, with some superb

examples ; Mr. J. Ellicott, gr. to H. W. Tugwell.
Esq., Bath, being 2nd. Mr. Taylor had the best two
bunches of Muscat of Alexandiia Grapes out of
seven competitors, having finely finished examples;
Mr. Coates, gr. to Mrs.Miller, Bath, being 2nd. Mr. G.
Macpherson was the only exhibitor ot two bunches
of Gros Colm.ir Grapes, and was awarded a 2nd prize.
Mr. Crocker had the best two bunches of any other
white variety, staging highly finished Buckland
Sweetwater; Mr. Rye, gr. to J. Derham, Esq.. Sneyd
Park, Bristol, being 2nd, with Golden Champion.
Mr. Nash had the best two bunches of any other
black, staging remarkably fine Alicante; Jlr. T.
Osman, gr. to J. S. Baker, Esq., Bath, being 2nd,
with the same. In the class for any variety grown
within six miles of the Guildhall of B.ath (open tn
amateurs), Mr. E. Peacock was 1st, with Alicante ;
Mr. Doherty being 2nd, with Lady Downe's.

Plenty of green and scarlet-fleshed Melons were
shown. Sutton's Perfection was the best in the
former, and Read's scarlet-flesh in the latter class.
Jlr. W. Fiddler, gr. to Baron C. de Tuyll, Chipping,
Sodbury, had the best nine Peaches, showing flne
fruit of Walburton Admirable; Mr. R. J. Wotton,
gr. to 11. Sjieiicer, Esq., Bath, being 2nd, with Royal
George. Mr. Mattock, gr. to J. G. Foley, Esq.,
Limpey Stoke, had the best six Pe.iches, staging
Royal Geoige; Mr. H. Dutton, gr. to W. T. W.
Goodenough, Esq., Bath, being 2nd, with the same.
Mr. H. Marchant, gr. to Jerom Murch, Esq., Bath,
had the best nine Nectarines, staging large Elrnge ;
Jlr. Wotton being 2nd. withPitmaston Orange. Mr.
Pithers, Weston, had the best six Nectarines, having
Elruge ; Jlr. C. Frimley, gr. to Jliss JIaitlaud, Bath,
being 2nd, with Pitmaston Orange. Dessert
Plums were liirgelv and finely shown, and in good
variety too, but Jefl'erson's took the prizes. In the
class for culinary. Diamond was the best, and some
verj- fine frnit of Fonthill secured the 2nd prize.
There were twenty-five dishes of Green Gage Plums;
the majority of the fruit was remarkably good.
Cherries, Figs, Filberts, and nuts were all well shown
also. Jlr. Rye had the best three dishes of Pears,
staging flne fruit of Doyenn^ du Coniice, Souvenir
du Congrcs, and Beurre d'Amanlis; 2nd, Jlr. Ban-
nister, gr. to H. St. Vincent Ames, Esq., Westbury-on-
Trym, who had excellent fruit of Doyenn.5 Bossouch,
Souvenir du Congres, and Pitmaston Duchess. The
best dish of dessert Pears w,as some fine Jargonelle,
from Mr. Bannister ; Mr. T. Heme being 2nd, with
Bon Chretien. Jlr. B.innister had the best three
dishes of dessert Apples in Worcester Pearmain, Red
Astrachan, and Ribston Pippin — a remarktibly good
lot ; Jlr. G. Garrawivy, Bath, was 2nd with Kerry
Pippin, Red Quarrenden, and Golden Pippin. Mr.
H. Helps had the best dish of dessert Apples in Red
Astrachan. Culinary Apples were a remarkable
sight — large, clean, and symmetrical. Mr. Miller
had the best three dishes, staging very fine examples
of Stirling Castle, Rood Ashton Seedling, a fine
looking fruit raised by a cottager at Rood Ashton —
large in size, a good cropper, and an excellent
keeper ; and Hawthornden. 2nd, Jlr. H. Dutton,
Bath, also with very flne fruits of Warner's King,
Emperor Alexander, and Blenheim Oiange. The
best dish of culinary Apples was Lord Suffleld, very
large and handsome, from Jlr. Button, Blenheim
Orange being placed 2nd.

I'ei/elailes. — As usual, these were very fine. There
were two classes for collections of six varietiis, the
special prizes being given by M(•^sl■s. Sutli.n & Sens,
Reading, and Messrs. Webb & Son-, Siuurbrid-e.
In the former class, Mr. G. H. l'o|i]j, ^r. tu W. G.
Sawbridge, Esq., Holners Park. Sherborne, was 1st,
with a very fine lot; Mr. T. Wilkins, gr. to Lady
Theodora (Juest, Henstridge, was 2nd. In the class
where the special prizes were given by Jlessrs. Webb
& Sons, Mr. C. Garraway, Bath, was 1st, and Mr.
G. H. Copp 2nd. Potatos, baskets of salads, and
Tomatos were numerous and very fine throughout.
Collections of Gourds and Squashes were also an
interesting feature.

Jliscellaneous collections included Roses, Dahlias,
&c., from Jlessrs. G. Cooling & Son ; ]Jonipon, single
and Cactus Dahliiis, from Mr. T. S. Ware, Totten-
ham; pompon and single Dahlias from Jlessrs. J.
Cheal & Sons. Crawley ; cut Begonias, from Jlr. S.
Teterell ; and the same from Jlr. Robert Owen,
Castle Hill, JIaidenhead — in both cases very fine ;
and some blooms of Passiflora quadrangularis from
Jlr. Tate, gr. to W. Pumphrey, Escj., Lyncombe Vale,
Bath, that were regarded by the ]iublio as something
very rare and unusual. First-class Certificates were
awarded to JIi'. R. Owen for his new Ivy-leaved
Pelargoniums, Souvenir de Charles Turner and
Robert Owen, very flne new varieties.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM.

ExHiDiTiox or Early Chrts.^nthemoms akd
Dahlias : Sept. H and 15. — This was regarded as a
remarkably good show, notwithstanding that thene.ar
approach of the exhibition at JIanchester kept away
the Northern Dahlia growers. Chrysanthemums anil
Dahlias were both well represented, and the display
gave general satisfaction.

Plants. — In the class for a gi-oup to fill a spiice not
exceeding 60 square feet, quality and effect to be the
leading features, there were three exhibits, Jlessrs.
Davis & Jones, Chrysanthemum Nurserv, Camber-
well, being placed 1st, with a remarkably good dis-
play for the season ; the plants were well grown and
flowered; the leading varieties Mrs. Cullingford,
Madame Desgranges, M. Pynaert Van Geert, G,
Wermig, and several unnamed hybrid pompons ; a
bold and bright collection, set up "in a very efl'ecti\e
manner. 2nd, Mr. J. H. Witty, Highgate Cemetery,
N., having a very good lot also of similar varieties,
including a few early-flowering Japanese, unnamed ;
3rd, Mr. Geo. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putnev,
There was but one group of pompons, Jlessrs. Davis
& Jones being awarded the 2nd prize ; the varietita
were good in plant and flower, but the judges con-
sidered the group was too small to merit the 1st
prize. The best twelve plants, trained or untrained,
came from Jlr. G. Neary, gr. to the Rev. K. W.
Powell, Hornsey, who had fine specimens of JIadame
Desgranges and G. Wermig, highly creditable ; 2nd,
Messrs. Davis & Jones, witli the same, and two or
three other varieties, the plants sm.aller, but nicely
grown ; 3rd, Jlr. G. Stevens. The spechtl ])rize
ofl'ered by Mr. William Colchester, Ipswich, for the
best exhibit of Chrysanthemums in pots was awarded
to Jlessrs. Davis & Jones for their fine group in
class 1.

Cut Blooms.— The best collection of cut Chysan-
theruuras brought four competitors, Mr. Kendall,
Templeton House Gardens, Roehampton, being
placed 1st, with an interesting lot, mainly of pom-
pons, set up in large bunches, but generally dull in
colour. The best were named F. Pele, Madame
Piccol, Precocite Japonaise, JIadame Desgranges,
Chromatella, Lyon, St. Croets. Blushing Bride, Mr,
J Pitcher, and Rose d'Ete. 2nd, Messrs. Davis &
Jones. Conspicuous in their collection were fine
blooms of JIadame Desgranges, G. Wermig, Favour-
ite, Early Blush, Jlrs. J. R. Pitcher, and Jlrs. Cul-
lingford. 3rd, Mr. R. Owen, Floral Nursery, Maiden-
head. In the class for twelve blooms of JIadame
C. Des.ffranges, Jlr. J. Blackburn, gr. to J. Scott,
Esq., Elmstead Grange, Chislehurst. was 1st, with
some grand flowers of fine finish ; Jlessrs. Davis &
Jones being a good 2nd, and Jlr. J. Doughty, Angley
Park, Cranbrook. 3rd. Jlr. Blackburn had' the best
si.x bunches of JIadame Desgranges ; Messrs. Davis
& Jones being 2nd, and Mr. G. Stevens 3rd. Mr.
II. Elliott, gr. to Jlrs. L. Harrison, Leyden House,
Jlortlake, had the best stand ot twelve blooms of
any other variety but Madame Desgranges, staging
G. Wernig ; Jlessrs. Davis & Jones being 2nd, with
a stand containing several varieties, such as JIdlle,
Lacroix, E. Audigier, George Wermig, Mrs. J. R.
Pitcher, M. E. Pynaert van CJeert, Margot, &c. ; 3rd,
Mr. G. Stevens, with blooms of Geo. Wermig.
Messrs. Davis & Jones were the only exhibitors of
twelve pompons, three flowers of each, having nice
examples of Jlrs. Cullingford, Blushing Bride,
Pi.iceys Siedling, Early Blush, Flora, Jliss Davis,
anil .Uiei- Butcher. The best six bunches of any
varieties except JIadame Desgi-anges, came from
Jlessrs. Davis & Jones, the only exhibitors, who had
unnamed flowers.

Special Prizes. — The special prizes offered by JI.
Simon Delaux, nurseryman, Toulouse, France, for
the best collection of cut blooms of Chrysanthe •
mums, selected from varieties sent out by JI. Delaux
in February, 1887, brought but one collection o." six
varieties from Jlessrs. Davis & .lones, who had
JIacaulay, nanuni, Toulandeau, Anna Roudiere,
Abbotsford, D. J. Quintas, and Feu de Bougiele ;
but it is too early to speak with confidence of these
varieties.

Gladioli. — There was but one collection of these,
Jlessrs. J. Burrell & Co., Home End Nurseries, Cam-
bridge, setting up a very tine lot, consisting of 144
spikes, many of them of superb development. The
leading flowers were Grande Rouge, Atlas, Titania,
Jeanette, Ovid, Amitie, Phyllis, lolanthe, Horace
Vernet, Baroness Burdett Contts, Orphee. Crepuscule,
Hesperides, JIabel, M. A. Buriginart, Conquerante,
Duchess of Edinburgh, Cervantes, Carnation, Eug.
Souchet, &c.

Dahlias, — Thei'e were but two stands of sixlv

September 17, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

349

blooms, not less than thirty varieties. Mr. C.
Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, was 1st. with a good
lot of flowers ; 2nd, Messrs. Keynes, 'Willianis & Co.,
nurserymen, Salisbury, with a good lot also. In the
class for forty-eight varieties there were four com-
petitors, Mr.C. Turner being again 1st, and Messrs.
J. Saltmarsh & Son, nurserymen, Chelmsford, 2ud.
J[r. John Walker had the best twenty-four blooms
out of eight competitors, showing in good form.
Out of eight competitors Messrs. J. Saltmarsh & Son
had the best twelve blooms.

Pompon varieties were very fieely shown, and
there were three stands of twenty-four varieties. Mr.
C. Turner was 1st ; 2ud,Messrs. Keynes, Williams &
Co., with a very good lot also ; Messrs. J. Cheal &
Sons being 3rd. Messrs. J. Burrell & Co. had the
best twelve bunches out of six competitors, Messrs,
Keynes & Co. being 2nd, and Messrs. J. Gilbert &
Son, St. Margaret's Nursery, Ipswich, 3rd.

Of single Dahlias there were two stands of twenty-
four varieties, Messrs. J. Cheal & Son being 1st with
a remarkably fine lot ; 2nd, Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale
Farm Nurseries. Tottenham. Messrs. J. Cheal &
Son also had the best twelve bunches, Messrs. J.
Gilbert & Son being 2nd. Messrs. Keynes, Williams
& Co. had the best collection of decorative Dahlias,
staging excellent blooms of Prince Alexander, Mrs.
Tait. Cochineal. William Tearce. Constance, Juarezi,
Empress of India, and Mrs. Hawkins ; 2nd, Messrs.
J. Cheal & Sons, who had, differing from the
foregoing. Lady M. Morsham, Charming Bride,
Lady E. Dyke, Picta formosa, Lima, and General
Gordon.

In the way of miscellaneous collections Mr. T. S-
Ware had a fine lot of Dahlias of various types ;
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, pompon, single, Cactus,
and show Dahlias, and a very fine lot of tuberous
Begonias ; Mr. R. Owen, double and single Begonias ;
and Mr. J. Henshaw, Harpenden. a fine lot of pom-
pon Diihlias : all not for competition. Mr. B. Field.
Swan Place, Old Kent Road, had a large stand of
garden requisites of almost every kind, soils, ma-
nures, &c.

Certificates Awardel. — A numerously attended
meeting of the committee took place, Mr. E. San-
derson, President, in the chair, when the following
awards were made: — First-class Certificates of
Merit : — To Mr. G. Humphries, florist, Kington
Langley, Chippenham, for decorative Dahlia Sydney
Hollings, one of the semi-Cactus type, maroon-
crimson, with black centre, twelve excellent
blooms being shown. To Mr. R. Owen. Floral
Nursery, Maidenhead, for one of his grand
new, double, Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums, Souvenir de
Charles Turner, bright carmine sutTused with orange .
To Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, for show
Dahlias jralcolm, bright pale orange-scarlet; Purple
Prince and Glow-worm, the last a striking bright
orange-scarlet flower. To Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons,
nurserymen, Swanley, for decorative Dahlias Lady
E. Dyke, bright yellow ; Lady M. Marsham, salmon,
with bright lines and shadings of rosy crimson ; Lady
Brassey, bright lightest scarlet ; and W. T. Abery.
scarlet and white stripes. To Messrs. Keynes, Williams
& Co., Salisbury, for pompon Dahlias Janet, Grace,
pale lilac-rose, of a peculiar shade of colour ; and
Iseult, yellow. To T. W. Girdlestone, Suuningdale,
for decorative semi-Cactus Dahlia Zulu, black-
maroon, shaded on the petal edges with crimson ;
and for single Dahlia Maud Millet, light ground,
feathered with bright pale purple. Tu Mr. T. S. Ware,
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, for decorative
Dahlia (serai-Cactus) Henry Patrick, pure white.
To Messrs. Keynes & Co., for show Dahlia Willie
Cramond, of a peculiar shade, a kind of pale rosy-
wine-purple — distinct, and of excellent qualitv. And
to Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., Cambridge, "for the
following Gladioli': — Rupert, Irene, and lolanthe — all
very fine varieties.

PAISLEY HORTICULTURAL.

SEPTEMBEtt 1 AND 2. — Thls is always one of the
best local exhibitions. The gentlemen about and
around Paisley send in their contributions sufficient
to make a telling show of themselves, This season
the competitors have been making a determined
stand to outvie the purely exhibition subjects in
both quantity and quality, and not without success.
The entries alone numbered about three-quarters of a
thonsand, and the splendid season, particularly with
regard to outdoor flowers, has enabled them to make
a grand display. The public flocked in their thousands
after " bank hours " to see the sights, and it muat
he a great satisfaction to those who contrilDute to

the show to see how much their efforts were appre-
ciated.

There were three principal collections sent, not
for competition, by Archibald Coats, of Woodside ;
Mrs. Coats, of Ferguslie ; and Mrs. Clark, of Nether-
hill. Prominent amongst them were the contribu-
tions from Woodside, comprising excellent examples
of Kentia Fosteriana and other tall Palms, mixed
up with great specimens of Nepenthes, N. Ratflesiana
being a beautiful plant, as was also N. sanguinea;
fine specimens of Areca ilarnockianaand Erica retorta
major, with a few charming pieces of Orchids, of
which Oncidium Rogersii. Odontoglossum grande,
Dendrobium formosum, and CatCleya aurea formed
the chief. Then there was a general admixture of
Ferns, foliage plants aud Liliums, which made an
interesting and eflTective group.

Next in importance was the contribution from
Anguslie, possibly the best in grouping at the show.
Palms of various species, with a number of Celosias,
Lilium lancifolium and L. auratum, two capital
specimens of Davallia Mooreana, fine and effective
examples of Caladium and Coleus, and other showy
plants. The plants from Netherhill consisted of
Palms, especially Kentia varieties, the best Palms for
general decorative purposes ; Lilies and Chrysanthe-
mums, capital Ferns, the group being bordered
with Maidenhair, associated with dwarf-grown
Cockscombs.

Chief among the exhibits of interest wasa well-grown
jilant of Peristeria elata ; it was grown in a shallow
]>an, in a mixture of crocks and sphagnum moss, and
the pseudobulbs were plump and of great vigour,
such as would have delighted the eye of a connoisseur.
Lapagerias were good, as were also Erica Aitonia, E.
Turnbullii, the latter one of the best white varieties
in cultivation. These plants did great credit to the
skill of Mr. James Maxwell, the exhibitor.
Then the various n irsery exhibits iVora Messrs.
Paul, Pattison, Dickson, and particularly from
Messrs. Ireland & Thomson, Edinburgh, were credit-
able, and lent an additional charm to the show.

The exhibits of Fuchsias were indifferent, as were
also the Balsams and Petunias. The Mignonette
was good, as were the Pelargoniums in the various
classes. The cut flowers were nearly all of uniformly
good quality. The Ferns, particularly those that are
indigenous, including the various forms of the Lady
Fern, were well exhibited. The Orchids were of
indifferent quality as a whole. The fruit was much
better than usual — the Apples especially so. Other
fruit classes were likewise well filled. The exhibits
of Grapes from Mr. McDonald, particularly Gros
Maroc and Gros Guillaume, were noteworthy, as
were the Lady Palmerston Peaches from Mr. James
Beveridge. These, along with some Apple exhibits
ought to have been specially rewarded, as being some
of the best things of their kind at the show. The
table plants were good generally, the Aralias, the
Crotons, and fine cut leaved Palms, ranking among
the best.

The window plants are gaining ground and import;
ance, the exhibits here being largely on the increase-
and when we consider the smoky character of the
locality and the consequent difticulty in dealing with
these things, we see, or we can calculate, the great
amount of labour by individuals in keeping up the
state of health and vigour the plants show. The
Bourtree is still a general favourite, and so are
Thymes, both green and variegated. The Fuchsia,
the zonal Pelargonium, the ]Myrtle, Aloysia citrio-
dora, the Aaron 's-beard Saxifrage, Musk, Southern-
wood, Ivy. Mignonette, and various forms of Ferns,
among which there is nothing that does so well as
the Hart's-tongue in its many forms (Scolopendrium
vulgare). To see this room, which is called the loggia^
at night, when the various interested exhibitors was
present, and to bear their criticism, was exceedingly
amusing, especially to an old hand. The whole exhi-
bition was well managed, and a largemeed of praise
is due to Mr. Macphee, the energetic Secretary.

©ijttuarg.

Charles M. HoVEY.— One of the most famous
men in American horticulture, and well known also
in this country, has been removed from the roll. We
are indebted to a Boston correspondent for the fol-
lowing account : — " Mr. Charles M. Hovej died at
his residence in Cambridge, at the advanced
age of seventy-seven. Mr. Hovey was born at Cara-
bridgeport. October 26, 1810, and when a mere boy
djgplayed that taste for horticulture wbich, ap it

developed with his progress in years, made him one
of the most eminent horticulturists of his time and
country. In 1834 Mr. Hovey, in partnership with
his elder brother, went into the seed business in
Boston, retaining and managing in connection with
it their Cambridgeport Nursery. In 1840 the present
nursery ground in East Cambridge was bought; it
was then a 40-acre piece of wild woodland. The
woods were cleared ; it was cut up into squares and
avenued with Pear and other trees, and extensive
greenhouses were erected. Until this time the cul-
tivation and improvement of greenhouse and hardy
ornamental plants chiefly occupied his attention,
but with greater convenience and enthusiasm fruit
trees and ornamental trees came in for a vigorous
share. He visited Europe in 1844, and bought
in the English, Scotch, French, and Belgian nurseries
such ornamental trees and shrubs — as he thought
would be hardy and of use in New England ; about
20 per cent, perished in their passage hither; 50 per
cent, of the whole succumbed within a year or two ;
and of the remainder, a goodly number, proving un-
worthy of cultivation, were rooted out and destroyed.
But of the collection then begun there are in their
nurseries some 175 specimens, from 10 to 60 feet in
height. During his whole career the crossing of
plants has been a favourite work, and by this means
he has secured some very fine results, especially
among Camellias. In 1833 by crossing he se-
cured the Strawberry seeds from which, in the
following year, he raised Boston Pine and
Hovey's Seedling. In 1855 he raised the Hovey
Cherry from seed. Mr. Hovey also introduced
many now favourite varieties of Pears, Cherries,
Plums, Peaches, and Apples. AVhen but twenty-
five years old Mr. Hovey established the Magazine of
Horticulture, which he edited for thirty-four years,
and which exerted great influence on the develop-
ment of horticulture in the United States. In 1848
he began the publication of the Fruits of A/ncrica, of
which twenty-seven parts were issued. He never
found time to carry out this work to completion, but it
may be mentioned, as evidencing the care with which
he laboured on it, that he not only made the sketches
for the woodcuts, but drew most of them on the
blocks. For more than half a century Mr. Hovey
was an active member of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society, and was for several years its Pre-
sident. It was during his administration — 1863-66
— that Horticultural Hall was erected. This was a
personal as well as an official triumph for Mr. Hovey,
as most of his associates doubted the expediency of
building snch a large and costly structure."

The Weather.

MSAH TE>rPEBATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK D0B-
ING THE WEEK ENDING SEPT. 24. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THKEE YEARS.)

Sept. 18

... 6J''.2

Sept. 22

.. ^eo.s

„ 19

... 57°.l

„ 23

. .W.S

„ 20

... ,'i6°.9

„ 24

.. 56°.l

,. 21

... 66°.7

Mean for the week ,

. 56°.7

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Sept. 12, is furnished fiom the
Meteorological Office: —

" The lueather has continued in an unsettled con-
dition in all districts, with heavy falls of rain in the
north of Scotland and north-east of England, and
lesser amounts elsewhere.

" The temperature has been below the mean, the
deficit ranging from 1° in the ' Channel Islands ' to
3° in most other districts, and to 4^^ in 'Scotland,
N.' The highest of the maxima, which were gene-
rally recorded on the 6th. varied from 61° to 66° in
' Scotland,' from 64° to 74° in Ireland, and from 64°
to 69° in ' England.' The lowest of the minima,
which were registered in most places on the 8th,
ranged from 34^ in the ' Midland Counties,' to 39°
in ' England. N.W.,' and ' Ireland, N.,* apd to 49° in
' the Channel lelands,'

350

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 17, 1887.

The rainfall has been considerably more than the
mean in ' Scotland, N.,'and ' England, N.E.,' but less
in nearly all other districts.

" Bright sunshine shows a slight increase in most
districts, the percentage of the possible amount of
duration ranging from 20 in 'Ireland, N.,' to 40 in
the ' Channel Islands,' and 41 in * England, S.W.' "

Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

Accumulated.

ii is

Districts.

below the

t.

,,

Mean for

3.^

•S^"

■So .i w

the week
ending

z^

di

1887
• di

887

Sept. 12.

!!' ;s'

<ii sua

Principal Wheat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day- Day-

ducing Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg. deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

4 below

47

0

+ 168 + 37

1. Scotland, E. ...

2 below

64

0

+ 195+ 41

2. England, N.E....

3 below

7B

0

+ 20ll+ 83

3. England, E. ...

3 below

95

0

+ 24|+ 168

4. Midland Cos. ...

3 below

83

0

+ 63 + 166

5. England, S.

3 below

98

0

+ 11 + 151

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

3 below

69

0

+ 70+ 47

7. England, N.W..„

3 below

82

0

+ 80 + 118

8. England, S.W. ...

2 below

94

0

+ 79 + 172

9. Ireland, N.

3 below

76

0

+ 237 + 23

10. Ireland, S.

2 below

91

0

+ 269 + 97

— Channel Islands

1 below

121

0

+ 76+ 77

Rainfall.

Bright

Sunshine.

DlSTBICTB.

h.

1 ■

Hi

5-2 1

ill

a. '3

Principal Wheatr pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

6 more

156

27.4

23

25

1. Scotland, E. ...

llesa

119

15.8

24

34

2. England, N.E. ...

8 more

106

11.2

32

34

3. England, E. ...

2 less

99

11.4

36

43

4. Midland Cos. ...

3 less

93

12.5

35

39

6. England, S. ...

3 less

92

12.8

37

13

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

1 less

123

25.3

34

37

7. England, N.W....

0 (aver.)

100

16.7

33

38

8. England, S.W....

4 less

96

14.5

41

48

9. Ireland, N.

2 less

124

21.3

20

34

10. Ireland. S.

4 less

106

18.3

32

43

— Channel Islands

6 leas

107

12.9

40

63

Notices to Correspondents.

ApEIa ON CHKTSiNTHEMUM, SENT BY SEVERAL CoB-

BESPONUENTS. — The insects sent are Aphis Chrj'-
santhemi of Koch, which are believed to be
identical with Aphis Jacobea, notwithstanding
some variation in colour. It is very common.
G. B. B.

Book on Conifer NoMESCLATnBE : H. Smith. Is
not yet published.

Books : Mancunian. The one suited to your purpose
is Paxton's Cottarfer^s Calendar, published at 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, price '6^d. per post.

One of the best books you could get, as it treats
of just such subjects as you need information on,
is Domestic Floriculture (Burbidge), published by
Blackwood & Sons. — Emert/o. M'e do not know
of any other 3rd edition than that just completed
by Mr. Syme (of which a supplement is in prepa-
ration), and this is more valuable than the two
previous editions.

Bunch of Grapes of 2,5 lb 4 oz. : Butler. A bunch
of this weight was shown by Mr. Currer at the
Glasgow show on September 5, 1875.

Common Mushroom in Pastures : i?. Such fine
examples as you describe ai'e rarely found in great
numbers.

Correction. — " Dinner-table Decorations at Exeter
Show." Mr. Chard, Brunswick Nursery, Stoke
Newington, was awarded the 1st prize, and not
Mrs. Cliard, as was stated in our report of the
show.

Crinum Moobeanum : iS; and M. The Criuum is
quite hardy at Kew and several other places.

Fungi : A. B., Millport. The fungi sent, in a seini-
jiutrid state, belong to one of the smaller species of
Puff-ball. If, instead of being gingerbread-brown
and rotten, they had been snow-white and per-
fectly fresh, they would not have been edible, so
we need not give you the method of cooking de-
sired. W. G. S.

HoRTieuLTUBAL BuiLDEE: J.H.J. Apcrsonofthe
name given has an address 280, Oxford Street,
London, and at Bath.

Influence of the Moon on Vegetation ; Trinidad.
Mere moonshine — except, perhaps, indirectlv. See
Gardeners' Chronicle, March 3, 1877, p. 2.S1, for
record of a direct experiment in Cuba. At the
same time we do not think it wise to discoun-
tenance such traditions entirely. They are tra-
vesties of the truth, but there is often a germ of
truth in them, though distorted, and jiresented in
a wholly false framework.

Insect : W. T. The grub of one of the sawflies like
that which attacks the Pear. Sweep up the leaves
and burn.

Lapagebia: G.U.J. Good in colour, hut nothing
special.

Names of Fbuit ; J. Joijcc. 2, Williams' Bon
Chretien ; 3, Chemiuette ; 6, Beurre d'Ainanlis ;
9, not recognised. — C. B. W. 6, New Hawthorn-
den ; 8, Ecklinville Seedling ; 7, Blenheim Orange ;
13, Yorkshire Greening; 2, Pearson's Plate; 11,
Golden Winter Pearmain ; 4, Baxter's Pearmain ;
12, Boston Russet. — General Benson. 1, Chau-
montel ; 16, Thompson's ; 35, Beurre Superfin ;
42, Duchesse d'Angouleme. — M. J. M. 1, Pear
Beurre de I'Assomption ; 2, Beurre Gitfard ; 3,
Beurre d'Amanlis ; 4, Plum Prince Englebert ;
5, Washington ; 6, Golden Esperen.

Names of Plants: ftpes. Apparently Pyrus tor-
minalis. — W. E. Senecio Jacobea. — ^V. R, What,
you a Scotsman, and do not know a Scotch
Thistle ! Your plant is Carduus eriophorus. —
Jas. Cocker 4' Sons. Plagius grandiflorus. — C. M. S.
Veronica subsessilis, figured in the Gardeners'
Chronicle, p. 788, vol. xvi. — W. M. H. Osbeckia
chinensis is a pretty species of a genus rich in
ornamental plants. It should be grown in a warm
gi'eenhouse, where it flowers in sjiring. It is
cultivated at Kew. Pharbitis tyrianthina is a
grand stove climber, which was cultivated at Chis-
wick and at Kew in Dr. Lindley's time, but we do
not know of its existence in gardens now. It is a
native of Mexico, and is now referred to Ipomcea.
Hiemanthus longipes : we do not know any species
of this name. Please say where you get the name
from. — J. S. Rhamnus catharticus, Buckthorn ;
berries purgative; used by old nurses; but the
consequences, if not dangerous, are painful. —
H. Ii. R, N. A Viburnum ; we cannot tell which
one from the leaf only. — J. B. Peperomia resedi-
flora. — H. G. 1, Adiantuni ; 2, Gasteria sp. ; 3,
Tradescantia quadricolor; 4,'Echinocactus ; 5,Cam-
panula isophylla ; 6, Sedum Sieboldi (carneum) ol
gardens ; 8, Veronica carnosula ; 9, Pyrus Aria.

Onions, Potatos and Apples : H. H. These articles
will certainly fetch higher prices than at present,
unless foreign importations should come over in
very large quantities. High prices here always
tempt the foreigner to send goods to our shores.

Pear Slug : ./. W. The grubs you send are those of
the Pear Sawfly, so often described and figured in

the Gardeners' Chronicle. See p. 110 in our issue
for July 23 last.

Roses Dying Off : J. M. The planting had been
better deferred till April. February, unless the
winter be mild, which the last was not, is a bad
time to plant Roses or anything else. We do not
think the tarred stakes had anything to do with
the death of the plants.

Rose, Her Majesty : J. C. ij- Som. The Rose when
it reached us had fallen all to pieces, but, had the
flower been in a dry state when packed, it would
doubtless have remained in good condition for
some time.

Tennis Court of Cinders : A. G. To mark with
whitewash use a very fine spouted pot, and if the
hole be still too large partly close' it with a piece
of cork.

The Cucumbee Disease: J. L. Often described and
figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle. It is caused
by minute worms, which enter the roots from the
soil. You can only turn out the soil, thoroughly
cleanse the pit, and start afresh with new soil.

The Flag-staff at Kew : X. The height is given
as 159 feet, the weight as 4 tons 8 cwt. 2 qr.
The tree yielding this splendid spar was the Van-
couver Island form of Abies Douglasii.

Tomatos Diseased : R. J. W. See p. 312.

Vine Roots : J. C. Certainly no Phylloxera. Y^ou
must search for some other cause for the Vines
failing. Roots not unhealthy.

Yellow Turnip Concave at the Point whence the
Tap-root springs : Enquirer, Penrith. The Yellow
Malta.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Thyne & Paton, 18 and 20, Union Street, Dundee —
Bulbs and Spring Flowering Plants.

T. Davies & Co., Wavertree, Liverpool — Dutch
Bulbs.

W. Samson & Co., and W. and T. Samson, Kil-
marnock— Roots and Plants.

J. Carter & Co., 237 and 238, High Holborn, Lon-
don, W.C.^Bulbs.

Chas. Turner, Royal Nurseries. Slough — Bulbs.

Mr. T. Smith, Daisy Hill, Newry — Hardy Alpines,
Herbaceous Plants, Trees, Shrubs, China Roses,
Fruits, &c.

W. Tait & Co., 119 and 120, Capel Street, Dublin-
Dutch Bulbs, Flower Roots, &c.

Hooper & Co., Covent Garden, and Pine-apple
Nursery, Maida Vale — Bulbs, Flowering Roots,
Strawberries, New Seedling Potatos.

W. Gordon, Twickenham — Dutch Bulbs and Lilies.

COMMI'NIOATIONS RECEIVED : — W. W. A.— R. R. S.— Wat-
son & Scull.— J. A.De M.. Boston, U.S.— W. E. D.— Charles
Baltet, Froyes.— W. S. M.— G. B. B.— 'VT. B.— H. C— F.
Sander & Co.— R. D.— T. L.— W. E. G.— .T. C— E. J.— A. D.
— W. J. H.— J. R. J.— I. O. W.—W. W. A.— W. C.—V. R. S.,
next week.— C. & G.— H. G.— K.Tait.— Ciunbrian aud B. A.,
next week,
gg*" Correspondents setuiing plants or fntits to be tutmed. or

asking questions demanding time and research for their sotntion,

ntn^t not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the

current week.

DIED. — We regret to announce the decease of
Charles Dimmick, nurseryman, Ryde, Isle of Wight,
on September 1, aged seventy years.

lARKETS.

COVENT GARDEN, September 15.
Trade still quiet, and heavy supplies. Javies Web'
her, Whol^ale Apple Market,

Vegetables.— Average Retail Phices.
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, p. doz.... 4 0- ...
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans. Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per btinch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle... 16-20
Cucumbers, each ... 0 ti- 1 0
Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch.,. 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 2 0- S 0
Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 3- ...

Potatos.— Kent Eeg6nt<(. 80s. to lOOs. ; Beauties, 100s. to
120s. ; and Magnums, 80s. to 100s. per ton.

.d.

punnet

0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ..

4 0- ...

Parsley, per bunch..

0 6- ...

Peas, per quart

1 6- ...

Potatos, per cwt. ..

4 0-50

., kidnej'. percwt

4 0-50

Shallots, per lb. ..

0 .1- ...

Spinach, per bushel..

3 6- ...

Sprue, bundle

1 0- ...

Tomatos, per lb. ...

0 9- ...

Turnips, new, bunch

0 8- ...

Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2- ...

Sbptembek 17, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' GEBONICLE.

351

Fbuit.— AvERiQK Wholes A.LE Pbicks.

s.d. s.d.
Apples, ^sieve ... 13-36
Plums, f sieve ...16-4 0
Grapes, per lb. ... 0 9- 1 6
— Chnnnel Isl.. lb. 0 6-09
Kent Cobs, 100 lb.... 50 0-55 0

Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Melons. eJich ... 0 6- 1 0

Peaches, dozen ... 1 0- 6 0
Pine-apples, Eng.. lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 3 0-50

Plants ts Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ...3
Ralsams, per dozen... 3
Capsicum, dozen ... 5
Clirj'santhem., dozen 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena tenuinalis,

per dozen 30

- Tiridis. per doz. 9

0-18 0 \ Foliage plants, vai
0-6 0 ous. each ...
0-6 0 Fuchsias, doz.
0- 9 0 I Heliotrope, dozen
0-9 0 Hydrangeas, doz.
0-12 0 Lilium. various, p
doz«

. 3 0-10 0
.30-90
.40-80
, 9 0-12 0

Euonymiis,

per dozen ...
Evergreens, in var.

per dozen

Ferns, in var., doi
Ficus elastica. each

0-60 0 — lancifoUum, per

0-24 0 dozen G 0-18 0

doz. 6 0-12 0 Mignonette, doz. ... 4 0- 6 0
Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0

6 0-18 0 Palms, in var.. each 2 6-21 0
I Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-12 0
6 0-24 0 — scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60
4 0-18 0 — Ivy-leaved, doz. 2 0-40
16-70 Scented Verbena, doz. 40-60

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons. 12 bun ... 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Asters, 12 bunches... 1

— French, per bun. 1
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Carnations. 12 blms. 0

— dozen bunches... 3
Chrj'santh.. 12 bun. 2

— large, 12 blooms 1
Cornflower, 12 bun. 1
Eucharis, per dozen 2
Gardenias. 12 blooms 3
Heliotropes. 12 spr. 0
Jasmine, white, bun. 0

long^tloi

0-3 0 Mignonette. 12 bun. 0 S
0- 2 0 I Myosotis, 12 bun. ... 2 (
6-10, Pelargoniums. 12 spr. 0 i
6-10— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 ;
0-6 0 Primulas, double, 12

0-601 spravs 0 i

0-40; P>Tethrum, 12 bun... 2 )
0-20, Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 t
0- 4 0 I — coloured, dozen. 0 (
0-601 — red, perdozen ... 0 ;
6- 1 0 I — Saffrano.dozen... 0 f
6- 0 9 I Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 (

I 0- (

SEEDS.

London: Se-pt. 14. — Messrs. John Shaw & Son.',
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, E.G.,
write that the attendance on the seed market to day
was poor, with but little business doing. Orders for
Trifolium still come to hand. Prices are now very
low. White sowing Mustard meets a diminishing
inqury. In Rape seed there is no change to be
noted. Winter Tares are in better favour. There is
still a scarcity of live. Blue Peas move off freely at
full rates. In Hemp and Canary seed the trade
passing is confined to narrow limits.

FB.TTIT AND VEaETABLES.

Colombia (East London) : Sept. 14. — Fairly good
supplies of all kinds of fruit and vegetables, with a
moderate demand at following prices: — Fruit:
Apples, eating, &. to 4s. per sieve ; cooking do.,
2s. to 4s. do. ; Plums, 2s. to 3s. per half-sieve ; Green
Gages, 2s. 6tZ. to 4s. do. ; Pears, \s. ^d. to 5s.
per sieve ; Tomatos, 2s. to 3s. per dozen pounds.
Vegetables: Cabbages, 3s. to 5s. per tally; Greens,
Is. Qd. to 2s. per dozen bunches ; French Beans,
3s, 6c?. to 4s. Qd. per sieve ; Scarlet do., 4s. to 5s. do. ;
Vegetable Marrows, Is. to 8s. 6rf. per tally ; frame
Cucumbers, 25. ^d. to 35. 6rf. per dozen ; field do.,
6rf. to Is. do. ; English Onions, 3s. to 3s. ^d. per
dozen bunches ; foreign do., 3s. to 4s. per bag of
110 lb. ; Carrots, 2s. Qd. to 3^. per dozen bunches ;
Turnips, 2s. to 3s. do.; Parsley, Is. to 2s. do. ; Mint,
Is. Qd. to 2s. do.

Sthatford : September 13. — Good supplies of all
kinds of produce, and a fair trade at the under-
mentioned quotations : — Cabbages, 2s. Gd. to 4s. per
tally ; Turnips, SOs. per ton ; Carrots, household, 3.*.
to 45. per doz. bunches ; Mangels, 25s. to 27s. per
ton ; Apples, English, Is. Qd. to 4s. per bushel ;
Watercress, 6d. per dozen ;• Plums, Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d.
per half-sieve ; Pears, Is. Gd. to 55. per bushel ; Cob
Nuts, 45s. to 50s. per cwt. ; Damsons, 3s. to 35. 6rf,
per half bushel ; Marrows, Is. to Is. 6d. per dozen;
Beans, Runner, 4s. Qd. to 55, per sieve.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : Sept. 13. —Fair sup-
plies and moderate demand, confined chietly to best
qualities. Quotations : — Hebrons, 100s. to 120s. ;
Regents, 80s. to llOs. ; Ma,G:num Bonum, 905. to
1005. ; Early Roses, 80s. to lOOs. per ton.

Columbia (East London) : Sept. 14. — Quotations ;
— Beauty of Hebrons, 45. to 4s. Qd. ; Snowflakes,
45. Qd. to OS. ; Early Roses, 45. to 45. 6*^. ; Myatt's
Kidney, 4s. to 45. Qd. ; Regents, 4s. Qd, to 4s. 9c?. ;
!^lagnum Bonums, 4s, to 4s, Qd.; Beauty of Hebrons,
45, to OS. per cwt.

]]0:SSEN'GEB & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating- Apparatus,

Jost issued, will be found tin- most coniplete, pra<.tii.'!il, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses.
Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot^water Pipes, and all appliances for
heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
hints on the subjects of which it treat:^, the result of many j'ears' experience. PllCO 2S. pOSt-fiee.

A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys
made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

AUTUMN REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE TRADE.

Our SHOW ROOMS are now fully furnished with every
novelty in DRIED FLOWERS. GRASSES, and GENERAI.
SUNDRIES required for the Autumn and Winter Season.

Early iitspectiou especialli/ solicited,

COERY, SOFER, FOWLER & CO., 16, Finsbnry St., E.C.

NEW ARCHAXGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS of aU descriptions. RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MARENDAZ AKB FISHER, 9 and
10, James Street, Covent Garden. W.C.

FTER-SEASON S A L eT

GARDEN HOSE.

WATER BARROWS.

PORTABLE PU.MPS.

GARDEN ENGINES.

HOSE REELS and FITTINGS.

LAWN FOUNTAINS.

EXTENSION L.ADDERS.

ENORMOUS DISOOnNTS.

To make room for Winter Stock of Fire Escapes and

Fire Engines.
T. H. HE.VTHJIAN and CO.. 2, Endell Street, Long Acre,
London. W.C.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PASK lEOKWOEKS, STOURBRWGE,

Tha Best

and Quickest

Made.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot- water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. .V. each;

4-in. Socket Hot- water Pipes. 9 feet long, is. 6d. each.

Full Illustrated Revised Price List on applicatt-jn.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'AHBOKICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and niustrations. Published since 1865, by F. BuBVE-
NICH. F. Patnaert. E. RorlGAS, and H. J. VAN HuxLE,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post-paid. 10s. per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility. Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.

1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatories, &c.

Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, PosWree.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE BILL, E.C. ;
BAOHELOK'S WALK, DVBLlll.—DiscOKnt/or Cash.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

(Pl'BLISHERS OF May'S PRESS GUIDK,)

ADVERTISING AGENTS,

159, PICCADILLy.
London, W.,
RECEn"^ ADVERTISEMENTS for all London, Provincial,
Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and axe pre-
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.

Special advantages to Large Advertisers.

Established 1850.

Only Address — 159. Piccadilly, London, W.

THE SYDNEY MAIL.

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS —

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SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S
LIFE in SYDNEY.

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CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Draw-n and engraved especi-
ally for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE. PASTORAL. HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and JIINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES bv POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN
AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CmCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

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The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the

Australian Colonies. New Zealand. Polynesia, &c. It contains

a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription in Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.

Single Copies, 6(/. ; Stamped, Id.
Publishing Office — Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the
SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

LosDON Messrs. Geo. Street Sc Co., 30, Cornhill, E.G.

Mr. F. Algar. 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester... James and Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh ... Robertson & Scott. 13, Hanover Street.

GLASGOW W. Porteous & Co., lo. Royal Exchange

Place
1^* Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.

352

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 17, 1887.

GAKDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virein Cork, Raffia. Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Maniires, «.c. Chrtapeat Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street, London. E.C.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Station

100 squares of Glass, quality guaxanteed.

15 c

21c

13J by 8i for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6
12 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6 or 250 squares 8J by 6i, or 220
14 „ 10 „ 13/- „ 19/- squares, flj by 6', or 170 squares
14 „ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7J, or 150 squares. 10 by 8
12 „ 12 „ 13/- „ 20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders
18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- over £3.
20 ,. 12 ., 24/- „ 35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate pnres
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for uw
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. BOBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,
14, Moor Lane. Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
ftortfl are specially suited for
KITCHEN GARDENS, as
,^;„-^ they harbour no Slugs or
^*ffi> Insects, take up little

and once put down incur
further labour or expense,
do "grown" Edgings, conse- 'r'^i'^*-
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Stfeet, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXXEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors. Balconies, &c.,
from Zs. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great varietv. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. EOSHER AND CO., Brick and file Merchants.

See Addresses above.

^ILVER SAND,

O fine or coarse grain aa desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. KOSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

HILL & SMITH

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.

W. H. LASCELLES AND CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge and
send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW KOCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunhill Row, London. E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages
sent post-free on application.

S=^;3^

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

Tbe above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over cue on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 la 0

12 feet long, 4 feet wide 4 15 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide 3 15 0

12 feet long, 5 feet wide 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

B.

HALIilDAT &

Hothouse Builders and Enginci

CO.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

RICHARDSON'S

^,?#^<*.t»^rr',

._. _ .--.nt =; s,ir n t r 1 nr^p C ntracts in Feucir

Rouhug i.L PerHinal Surveys cf Estates made and prarfi

e gnen as to the best and moat economical Fences f \

fjown

// ustraied Catahgues Fret by Post

BOULTON & PAUL'S
PLANT FRAMES

Are always in stock, ready to be sent off on receipt of order.
They are made of best sound red deal, sawn from the best trees
in the forest to our own requirements, and seasoned in a proper
manner. The FRAMES are of Ij-inch boards, 13incheahigh
at front, 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The
LIGHTS are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged
to turn over, back and front, for ventilating ; the whole painted
four coats. The glass is ENGLISH 21-oz. weight. PACKED
and sent CARRIAGE PAID to any station in England and
Wales aNo to Dublin Belfast Londonderry Cork, Glasgow,
and stations equivalent

! allowed in full when returned.

No 74 —Plant Frame \

CASH PRICES,

2-LIGHT FRAME

OF Packing Cases.

Length. Width. Price.

... 8 feet by 6 feet ... £1 12 6

■■i „ 12 feet by 6 feet ... 6 5 0

4 ,, 16 feet by G feet ... 8 0 0

5 „ 20feetby 6feet ... 9 15 0

Smaller Frames are made. See LISTS, post-free.

CATALOGTJES

of Greenhouses, Heating Apparatus, Garden Frames in every
variety. Garden Implements, Water Carts, Pumps, and every-
thing required for Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, poat-free ou
application.

ESTLALiTES for Greenhouses free on receipt of particulars.

LADIES and GENTLEMEN waited upon by appointment
in any part of the Kingdom.

NORWICH.

LEAN-TO CONSERVATORY OR GREENHOUSE
No. 51.— .\ remarkablv prettv d,^>ij;n at a \ir\ moderate
price. Prices given are for EKtcrixK c.impli tf («ilh brick-
work), within li? miles of London Bridge Proportionate
prices in any part of the country.

Loughborough Hot-Water Apparatus (fixed) extra, as below.
Si/e Price H.W. Ap. I Size. Price. H.W. Ap.
Idft bj 6ft £\1 10 £5 5 20ft. by 10ft. £32 0 £« 15
1 'ft bj 8tt £24 0 £5 15 25ft. by 12ft. £48 10 £7 10
l-.ft bv W £'8 0 £6 6 I 30ft. by 13ft. £66 0 £8 10
ILLISTRATED SHEETS of Cossekvatories. Ghee\-
Iini sF>i &i w th Prices for Erecting and Heating. FREE.

SIR\r\s MtDP IN' ANV PART OF THE COUNTRY
FRFL OI CH U UL UesiRna and Estimates FREE.

DEANE <&. CO.,

Builders and Hot-ivater Engineers.

} LONDON BRIDGE.

BECKETT BROS.,

Horticultural Engineers, Chelmsford.

Apply for our

Special LIST of Chenp and Substantial Buildings,

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOKEDITCH, LONDON, E.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW .SEASONS AKCII.VNGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

KAFFIA (Fresh Arrival).

SrEflAL QVOTATinXS on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANJDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E

Semembkr 17, 1887.1

TEE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

353

CONTBACTOBS TO HEB MAJESTY'S WAB DEPABTMBITT.

THE Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" HOTWATEK," LONDON),
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, AND CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, llth Edition, price \s.

Price LIST on application Free.
HOT-WATER AND HOT-AIR APPARATUS

ERECTED COIIPLETB, OR THE MATERIAL SUPPLIED.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

with Waterway End.

From 20 inches to 66 inches long.

' THE CAMBBICS OP BOBINSON & CLEAVEB HAVE A WOBLD-WIDE FAME."— r^e Queen, the Lady's Newspaper.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S

CAMBRIC

IRISH CAMBRIC POCKET

* HANDKERCHIEFS, Hemmed tor >ise. All Pure Flax.
Per dozen.— Children's, la. 2d.; Ladies', 2S. 4id. ; Gentle-
men's, 38. 6d. ; Hemstitched, per dozen— Ladies', 2s. ll^d, ;
Gents', 4s. lid. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

IRISH MADE SHIRTS.— Best quality Long-cloth Bodies, with four-
* fold all Linen Fronts and Cuffs, 35a. 6d. the half-dozen (to measure, 2s. extra). New designs

IRISH LINEN COLLARS AND CUFFS.-

* Collars— Latliea' and Children's three-fold. 39. 6d. p*-i" dozen; Gentlemen's
four-fold, 4s. lid. to 6S. lid. per dozen. Cuffs for Ladiea, Gentlemen, and
Children. 5s. lid. to 10s. 9d. per dozen,

"Their Irish Liueu Collars. Cuffs, Shirts. &c.. have the merits of excellence
and cheapness."— t'cJKri Circular. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

IRISH DAMASK TABLE LINEN.— Fish Napkins, 2s.Qd. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, 4s. Gd.

* per dozen. Table Cloths, 2 yards square. 2S. 9d. each ; 2* yards by 3 yards. 5S. 6d. each. Kitchen Table Cloths, ll|a. each. Strong
ograms, Crests. Coats of Arms, Initials. &e., woven and embroidered. Send for samples, post-

POCKET

r special Indiana Gauze. Printed Shirtings, and unshrinkable Flannels for the sea.son. Sample
Lists, and fuller information, post-free. Old Shirts made as gOOd as new, with best
-ials, at a trifling cost.

IRISH LINENS. — Beal Irish Linen Sheeting, fully

* bleached, 2 yards wide. Is. lid. per yard ; 2J yards wide, 2b. 4^d. per yard
(the most durable article made). Koller Towelling. 18 inches wide, 3id. per yard.
Surplice Linen. 7d. per yard. Dusters. Is. lOJd. per dozen. Glass Cloths,
43. 4d. per dozen. Fine Linens and Linen Diapers, 8^d. per yard. Nursery
Diaper, Sjd. per yard. Send for samples, post-free, t« Belfast.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.

HANDKERCHIEFS

By Special Appointments to H.M. the Queen and
H.L and R.H. the Crown Princess of Germany.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

From

To

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Stebet, Stband,
LONDON, W.C.

1887.

Please send me "The Gaedeneks' Cheonicle" for

tommencing

-, for which I enclose P. 0.0

^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. "^^^|

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, ISs. ; 6 Months, 7s. &d. ; 3 Months, 3s, Qd. ; Post-free.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) ;— Including Postage, Vis. Qd. for Twelve Months. India and China, I9s. Qd.

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P. 0.0. to he made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

3S4

g^UE a-ABDEKEnS' VTTPONICLE.

[Sottembbs 17, 1887.

THE CARDENERS^CHRONICLE.

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Held Line ch-irge-i (!■.■ tico.

4 Lines/.

£0

.i

0

15 Lines.

£0 8

6

5 „ ..

0

3

ti

16 „ .

0 9

0

6 „ ..

0

4

0

17 „ .

0 9

0

7 „ ..

0

4

0

18 „ .

. 0 10

0

8 „ ..

0

n

0

19 „ .

. 0 10

6

9 „ ..

n

5

6

20 „ .

. 0 11

0

10 „ . .

0

(i

0

21 „ .

. 0 11

(J

11 „ . .

0

6

6

22 „ .

. 0 12

0

12 „ . .

0

t

0

23 „ .

. 0 12

t)

13 „ . .

0

7

6

24 „ .

. 0 13

0

14 „ . .

0

8

0

25 „ .

. 0 13

6

ilXPSyCE FOR E7ERY ADDITIONAL LINE.
.M two OoluiiiH. the lowift ctiir^ld will b3 203.
1 three Cjlumin, the loweit charge will be 30s.
ti; Hilt Page. £1 10;.; Cjlutnn. £i.

GAROEi'iflSJaalOrHEaS WAJjrmS SITUATIONS.

3> worJi, iii-l.ili[iganl3anlallre«. Is. 6i.,

and H. toT every a-i litijail line (abjat 9 wonlj) or part

ot a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMESTi MUST BE PREPAID.

This scile Joef not apply tj announcements of Vacant

Sitaationj, which are charge! at the orilinary scale.

IMPOliTA.Vr NOirce. — Atoertiiers are cautionei
again'it hioiny LHters altrei^ed to [nitiah at Post-offices, at
ail Lettars so aiirei^el are opened by the authorities and
returnsi to the sender.

BlRTas. Deaths and .Mirriaqes. 5s. each insertion.

Adoertisein^ts for the current week MU3T reach the Ofice

bij Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advanea.

The U.f CTF.D KlMniinl: 12 .M);iths. 163.; 6 .Months,

7s. 6i.; 3 Mjnt!u. 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and Chini); including Postage,

173. 6d. for 12 Mjaths; India and China. 193. 6d.

Posfc-olfice Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DBURY H.NE. W.C.. to W. Richards.

PaBLisHiNO Office and Office for Advertisements,

41. Wellington Stre't. Strinl, London, W.C.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boies,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEIIJ. OIL ;iii.l rnl,(i:'K MEKCIIANTS.

34, St, John Street, West Smithfleld, London, E.C,

Ck I.:

■ Chr,

T//OS W.ROB/A/SON,

sToamm^E.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK,

J.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.
l'.l,,\l'Kl;ri;\ .\Nl.SllNS;irf<.lli'nnf;Al(h-

I'etiTsburK .Uit^ iiiid .MaUta-,-. Itiilli.i 1-ibrr. Tobiino Pape:
and ShjlJing.-; I'ri. ei tree.— 1 and .'>. Wormwood Str.,et. E.C.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accideut-<. Employer's Liability, injured against by the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY. 64, Cornhill, London. Income, £246.000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents. £2,360.000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
B*'ttlemeut of Claims. Chairman. Harvie M. Fanjuhar. Esq.
West End Office. 8, Grand Hotel Iluildiugs. V^ .C. ; Head
Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WIXLtAM J. VTAN. Secretary.

Partnership.

WANTED, a thoroughly energetic and trust-
worthy PARTNER, for the General Nursery and Seed
Trade. Established over, a century. Extent of Nurseries,
10 Acres, with a generally select and well-grown stock. Is
beautifully situated, has a thickness of soil, heavy and light,
from 2 to 4 feet, and excellent well trained hedfjes for protec-
tion ; and for growing fine, healthy, and hardy Nursery Stock
IS acknowledged one of the best situations in the Kingdom.
Will prove a really good investment to a business man with
moderate capital.— For term-, apply to GROSVEN'OR BROS.,
Prospect Nurseries. Cheddleton, near Leek, Staffordshire.

TO GARDENERS and FORESTERS.—
Several energetic well-educated Young Men. of good
character, WANTED as ASSISTANT ISIANAGERS for Tea
Plantations in India. Those with good experience as Foremen
and accustomed to Arrange and Superintend Outdoor Work
preferred. Five years' engagement. Salary beginning at
Rupees 2000 per annum. Free passage, house. &c. — Address,
with full particulars, and copies of testimonials, TEA,
W. Porteous &, Co., Advertising Agents, Glasgow.

WANTED, an experienced HEAD GAR-
DENER ; Married, nochildren, to live at the entrance
lodge. — Must have a perfect knowledge of Gardening in all its
bruuL'hes, including Vines, Peaches, &c. Three under men
kept.— Apply, stating full particulars, with references, to
Mrs. JONES, The Elms, Warrington.

WANTED, a GARDENER and SQUARE
KEEPER for Oakley Square. N.W. Age not to
exceed 40. Preference given to a member of a Benefit Club. —
Applications, stating age, former and present employment,

feneral capabilities and references, as to character to be made
y letter only to S. A. R.. Mr. Gammell, Stationer, 29, High
Street, Camden Town, N.W.

ANTED, a WORKING NURSERY

FOREMAN. Good Propagator .and Plant Grower.
Must be elfi'-ient in Wreath and Bouquet Making. Good cha-
ticulars to H. BARKER, Horuing-

cs. H,i

i-Trent.

w

,^V^•TE1) LM.MEDIATELY, a SECOND

NURSERY FOREMAN, Outdoor.— State age, re-
aud salary expected to WILLIAM FELL AUD CO.,

M

ESSRS. THOS. CRIPPS and SON, The

Tunbridge Wells' Nurseries, Kent, have a VACANCY
in their establishment for a first-class PROPAGATOR of Hard
and Soft-wooded Plants. Must be especially skilful ^vith
Clematises, Rhododendrons, Roses, Conifers. Acers, &c. —
Address -a^ above, stating age, wages required, and enclosing

ANTED, a MAN and WIFE— Man as good

all-round Gardener, Vegetables, Flower and Ulass,
with care of Cow ; Wife to take charge of Laundry with assist-
ance. Good wages and cottage off premises. Must have very
good references. — -^pply by letter \a CHISWICK, May's Adver-
tising Offices, 159, Piccadilly W.

WANTED, a trustworthy MAN, accustomed
to the Growth of Roses, Strawberries, and Fruits in
the Open, and who has some experience in General Nursery
Work. Must be a successful Butlder and Graiter. — Apply,
stating wages required, age, references, &c., to T. LAXTON,
Bedford.

ANTED, a Young MAN, well up in Bud-

ding and General Outdoor Nursery Work. State ex-
perience and wages expected. — GEO. H'.l\ELOCK, Abbey
Wood, Kent.

ANTED, AT ONCE, a Young MAN, for
the Houses. Wages 18s. per week. Bothy and
vegetables.— G.ARDENER, Clevedon Hall, Somerset.

WANTED, a smart active man, as CLERK,
in a Seed Warehouse. — Addre^, stating age, salary
expected, and all particulars, to SEEDS.MAN, Messrs. Nutting
& Soni. 106, Southwark Street, London, S.E.

Wr ANTED, CLERK and SHOPMAN.—

* T Apply, stating references, age, and salary required, to
" " " " ~ 11, Wellington Street,

WANTED, a SECOND SHOPMAN, in Seed
Trade, for a leading Scotch House.— Must have had
good experience, be energetic, and reliable. — Full particulars
and salary expected, to SEEDSMAN, Keith & Co.. Edinburgh.

WANTED, for a Large Seed Establishment in
America. TWO or THREE smart COUNTER HANDS.
Wages, glO, $12, and $15 per week for the first three years.
Pasi^age free. — State age and full particulars ot experience to
E. G. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

WANTED, an APPRENTICE, to the Seed
Trade. — Good opening for a strong, active, well
educated Touth.— APPRENTICE, Keith & Co., Edinburgh,

w

WANT PLACES.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having.filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishmenta*
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHN LAING
AND SONS, The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

BS, AVILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the oest selections for the
different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N.

C C 0 T C H GARDENERS.

k3 — John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his List a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re- engagements. He will be pleased to
supply full particulars to any Laxly, Nobleman, or Gentleman
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

I C H A R 1) SMIT H and CO'.

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
4.C.— St. John's Nurseries, Worci-ster.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN. who, in addition to being
a. good General Gardener, has had great experience 03 an
" " men are capable ot M^anaging I.arge

Seed Trade.

MANAGER, in a good House. — Disengaged in
November, Upw;ird3 uf twenty years' experience.
Thorough practical knowledge of the various branches. Buying,
Compiling Catalogues, &c., with good general knowledge of
Plants.— Z., Gardeners' CAronicZe Office, 41, Wellington Street,

Strand, W.C.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.

MANAGER or GARDENER.— Middle-aged,
single; energetic. Tliorouglily experienceil in all branches
of the profession — the Rearing of Arboreous Trees, Manage-
ment of Woods and Plantations, and the L:\ying-outot Pleasure
Grounds and Ground Work generally. Good references. — R. C,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,WelliugtonStreet,Strand,W.C.

GARDENER (Head). — John Derbicutt,
for the last twelve years Head Gardener to the late
Sir Hy. Edwards, Pye Nest. Halifax, desires a permanent re-
engagement. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Excellent
testimonials. Reference allowed to Lady EDWARDS.

GARDENER (Head); age 27.— G. Merritt,
Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Dacre, Kimpton Hoo,
Welwyu, Herts, desires to recommend his Foreman, Jame.s
Anderson. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Testimonials
of tlic liighest order.

G~^ ARDENER (Head) ; age 37, married.—
A Gentleman wishes highly to recommend his Head
Gardener, who lias lived with him six years. Understands his
profession in all its branches. — G. G., Franklands, near
Burgess Hill. N.W.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 27, married.—
Jas. Harvky, Giudener to Ja.s. Watson, Est;., Mystyiiir,
Ticehurst, Sussex, can with every confidence recommend hid
Foreman, Charles Gregory, as a thoroughly reliable man, and
well versed in the profession, industrious and painstaking.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 29 ; thorough
practical knowledge of Fruit and Plant Culture under
Glass, and all Outdoor Work. Character will bear strict
investigation. Good references. — JOS. RICHARDSON,
Howden-le-Wear, via Darlington.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30, married.~A
Gestleman giving up his establishment wishes to
recommend his Head Gardener, having a thorough practical
knowledge of his work in all branches.— S. T.. Blake Hall,
Wanstead, Essex.

GARDENER (Head).— W. Swan, The Gar-
dena, Howick House, Preston, is at liberty to engage
with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a
thoroughly practical all-rouud man. Over thirty years' experi-
ence. Excellent references as to character and ability. —
Address as above.

ARDENER (Head); age 30.— Mr. Clarke,

Gardener, Lowther Castle, Penrith, has very great plea-
sure in recommending his Foreman, Wm. Webber, to any
Nobleman, Lady, or Gentlemen, wlio may be in want of a
thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, with excellent
references from previous employers.

ARDENER (Head),— age 24, single; Pro-
testant. Fourteen years' experience in some of the best
and largest Gardens in England, viz., Linton Park, Lythe
Hill, &c. At present Foreman at Burghlej Gardens.— Testi-
monials from above places, and particulars from R. GILBERT,
Burghley Gardens, Stamford.

ARDENER (Head); age 34, married.—

Wakefield Christy, Esq., Brooklands, Chelmsford,
desires to recommend his late Head Gardener to any one re-
quiring a thorough practical man. Well able to Manage a
First-class Establishment. Eighteen years' experience ; three
in last place. TeetotaUer.— JOHN L. RAGGETT, 14, Rundell
Boad, Paddington, W.

September 17, 1887.]

THE GABDENEIiS' CEBONIGLE.

355

CaBhlobury Park, Watford, Herta.

GAKDKNKK (Head); age 33, married, three
cliildron,— Jas. 1-'itt. six years Head GnrdeiiL-r to tho
Kight Hon. Earl of Essex, will be at liberty for Ke-eugagemeiit
ou nnd iifter October 5. Lord Essex ■will be pleiistd to
recommend the above to auy who may require the services of a
thoroughly practical aud energetic man.

AKDENER (Head "Working).— Under-

stands Grapes, Laud and Stock. Over five years' char-
acter ; nine previous. Wife good Dairy Woman.— G. S.,
Queen'3 Cottages, Queen's Road, Egham, Staines.

GARDEiNER (Head Working). — Middle-
aged, married; successful Grower of Grapes, Melons,
Cucumbers, all kinds of Fruit ; good Flower and Kitchen Gar-
dener. Six and a half years" good character.— W, BOTTOM,
Running Horse, Hull Brook, Bracknell.

AKDENER (Head Working), where two

or more are kept. — Age 26, single ; twelve years' ex-
perience in tlie general routine of Gardening. Good character
from last place.— HE-O) G/VRDENER, Wethersfield, Braintree,

G^ ARDENER (Head Working), where one
I" or two others are kept. — Age .30, single ; fourteen years'
experience with Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
FioMer and Kitchen Gardens. Good character.— W. KING,
Foxley Hall, Hereford.

ARDENER (Head W^orking). — Age 28,

single; ten years' experience in the Growing of Fruit,
Flowers, aud Vegetjibles. Can be well recommended as to
character and ability.— T. STACK, Treberfydd, Bwlch R.S.O.,
Breconshire.

/"GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35;

Or married. Understands the Culture of Plants. Fruit, and
Vegetables. Twenty years' experience in Noblemen's and
Gentlemen's Gardens. Good references.— GARDENER, The
Lodge, Stone Castle. Dartford, Kent.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 42,

married, no family; thorough practical man in all
branches of Gardening, Orchids. Early Forcing of all kinds of
Fruits, Flowers, &c. Twenty-five years' practical experience.
Good references.— H. P., 6, Larch Road, Bedford Hill, Balham,

ARDENER (Head Working).— Middle-

aged. Slurried, no family; thoroughly experienced in
Growing of Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos,
Stove and Greenliouse Plants, Ferns, Orchids, Flowers, Fruit,
and Vegetables. Land Stock if required. Can be highly
recommended. --T. W., the Gardens, Avenue House, Church
End, Finchley, N.

ARDENER (Head AVorking). — Age 36,

iiMii^'l. .i!-i iKirr. Twenty-one years' experience in
theCiiln i' . '■! .; ■-, Peaches. Nectarines, Melons, Cucum-

bers.Tmiij I . [1]^, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns,

Orchids, K''-, < III iiiiliemums, Flower and Kitchen Garden-
ing, Eariv anit Latt- i-orcing. Excellent references for abilities
and character.— WICKSON, Long Ditton Hill, Surrey.

ARDENER (Head), or FOREMAN in a

good establishment, where two or three are kept. —
Age 29; has a thorough knowledge of all the branches in the
profession. Nine years' experience.— G. MANSELL, 87, War-
wick Street, Pimlico, S.W.

GARDENER, where another is kept, or good
Single-handed. — Age 24 ; good references from Noble-
men's and Gentlemen's Estates. — A. E., Shrub's Hill House,
Sunningdale, Berks.

GARDENER.— Some time Chief Foreman in
the Duke of Northumberland's Gardens, and other good
places. Can take every responsibility.- T. G., 52, Sainsbury
Road, Gipsy Hill, London, S.E.

GARDENER; married, no children. —
Mrs. Broome, Elmburst. Batheaston, Bath, is desirous
to recommend her Gardener, George Fellows. Strong, active,
and well understands the ordinary work of a garden. Good
knowledge of Plants from having lived with the late Mr.
Broome (a well-known Botanist) for upwards of 20 years.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him ; age 36, married, four children. — A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses. Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons, Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where one
is kept — Age 32. Understands all branches. Good
character.- H. H., 33, South Hill Road, Gravesend.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
another one or two are kept. — Middle-aged. Will make
himself useful.— .1. DEAN, 15, Bell Lane, Enfield Wash,
Middlesex.

ARDENER (Single or Second). — Five

years' experience in Kitchen and Flower Garden. Total
abstainer. Good references.- H. HERRING, Waddesdon,
Aylesbury, Bucks.

f^\ ARDENER (Single-handed or Second). —

VH~ Age 28 ; good all-round experience. Nine years in
present situation. Excellent references both as to steadiness
and ability.— GARDENER, 2, Cardinal Villas, Stratford Grove,
Putney, S.W.

GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). —
Age 25, married ; thoroughly understands Plant GroW'
ing and Forcing. — G. P., Woolhampton House, near Reading.

GARDENER (Second), where three or four
are kept. — Accustomed to Stove and Greenhouses, also
Kitchen and Flower Gardens. — L. NEWELL, The Berks,
Eournemouth, Hants,

GARDENER (Third, or Single-handed).
—Age 26, married, one child; two aud a half years,
cliaracter. Reason of leaving, gentleman going away, — F. M.,
Maywood, Sevenoaks.

ARDENER (Under), In or Out of the Houses.

—Young, married; three years' good character.— C. II.,
Huntingdon Street, St. Neofs, Hunts,

GARDENER (Under), wishing to improve
himself. — Age 20; four years' experience. Good
character.— H. C. HOWSE, C;u-.tle Ridng, King's Lynn.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 20; four years'
experience. Good character.- J. BRIGGS, 05, Haver-
lock Street, Caledonian Road, Loudon, N.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 2-1:; eight years'
experience Inside aud Out. Good references.- C.
ROOKE, Rowuham's Green, near Southampton, Hants.

ARDENER (Under). — Age 21; good

character. Total abstainer. Eighteen months' expe-
rience. Recommended.— JOSEPH SMITH, Fowlmere, near
Koyston, Cambs.

ARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.— Age

20; well up in I'ottins. Tying, &c. Three years' ex-
perience. Good references.— H. B., 8, Standard Koad, Bexley
Heath. Kent.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 21; used to

Glass and Kitchen Garden. Good character. — R, D.,
5, Albert Place, Putney, S.W.

RCHID GROWER, or FOREMAN; age 25.

—J. Ste^TAHT, Langford Ptirk Gardens, Maldon, Essex,
can with every confidence recommend his Foreman, E.Rristow,
who has been with him five year,-^, as above. Twelve years' ex-
perience in good establishments.

FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab-
lishment.— Age '21 ; four years in present situation. Good
character.— W. HAWKER, 49, North Road, Highgate, N.

I'^OREMAN ; age 27. — A Gardener can with
confidence recommend hts late Foreman, whe served him
four years, as above. Thirteen years' experience. — W. E.,
Pine Apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W.

FOREMAN. — Age 26 ; ten years' experience
in Fruit and Plant Houses. Good testimonials. Over
two years iu last place as Foreman.— MARSH, 45. Woolcot
Street. Redland, Bristol.

FOREMAN (General), in a Private estab-
lishment,— Has had first-class experience in large estab-
lishments. Good reference. — J. W. WAPLEY, Chipping Sod-
bury, Gloucestershire.

FOREMAN (General), in a private estab-
lishment.— Four and a half years Orchid Foreman at
Downside. First-class reference for general Gardening. — F.
WHITE, Downside Gardens, L*fltherhead.

FOREMAN (Working). — Energetic ;
fifteen yeurs' experience in Propagating and Growing.
Also Wreaths, Sales, &c. State Wages and particulars.— M.,
9, Grove Place. Acton, ^V.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN (Working).— Age 26; well up in
Roses, Fruits, and (iwneral Nursery Work nnd
Packing, &c.— NASH, Mr. Dixon, Lee's Nursery, Feltham,
Middlesex.

OREMAN (Working), Outdoors.— Active

and energetic. Well up in Roses, Fruits, Conifers, and
routine of General Nursery Work. Many years' experience.
Excellent references. Abstainer. — A. B., Bastonford Cottage,
Powick, Worcester.

FOREMAN, or good Second, in a good estab-
lishment.— Age 28; fourteen years' experience in Orchids,
Plants, and Fruit Houses.— Good references.— S. M., 12,
Upcerne Koad, Chelsea, S.W.

JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden, in
the Houses or Out-of-doors. Can be highly recommended.
Two years in last situation.— F. METHEKELL, Beaworthy,
Exbourne, Devon.

OURNEYMAN ; age 19.~Mr. Brooks, The

Gardens, Red Rice, Andover, Hants, can with every con-
fidence recommend H. Garlick to any Gardener who wants a
trustworthy Journeyman.

OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, with Florist

or Private Establishment.— Age 28; good character.—
X. Y., Mrs. Morton, 3, Station Road. Tottenham Hale, Middlesex.

OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;

three years in present situation. Good recommenda-
tion. Bothy preferred.- S. H. SNELL. The Daison, St. Mary
Church, Torquay.

JOURNEYMAN, or Second in the Houses, in
a good establishment.— Age 24 ; Advertiser, who has had
ten years' experience in good Nurseries, desires engagement as
above.— W. K., 13, South Street, Harborne, Birmingham.

OURNEYMAN, in large establishment, or

Second in smaller. —Last three and a half years in
Houses, consisting of Vines, Peaches, Stove, Greenhouse, Ferns,
&c. Good Grape Thinner, Pruner. &c. Not object to outside.
Well recommended. — J. HORSLEY, The Gardens, Beechwood,
Driffield, Yorkshire.

To Nurserymen and Others.

ASSISTANT. — Age 26 ; German. Good
Propagator and Grower of Hard and Soft- wooded
Plants, Ferns, &c. Experienced in all branches. — A. R.,
Grtrrfeners'C'ArowtWeOffice, 41, WellingtonStreet, Strand, W.C.

IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 18 ; strong
and active. Good references. — E. D., Healaugh Grange,
Tudcaster, Yorkshire.

IMPKOVEK, in a Gentleman's Garden or
Nursery. — Age 18; four years in Nurseries, Indoor auj
Hut.— F. J, HOLLOW AY, Uarnliaiu Nurseries, Sussex.

IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 19 ; strong
uuil active. Good retereuces.— -Mr. W. WHLBBEKLEt,
Oultou Park, Tarporley, Cliesliire.

IMPROVER. — A respectable young man seeks
re-eugagemeut iu the Houses. Willmg to pay premium.
Oood cliaracter.— A. GARDENER, Gardetters' Chronicle Oliice,
41, Welliugtou Street, Strand, W.C.

''VO NURSERYMEN.— A young man (age 20)

JL wants a situation iu a Nursery. Eight years' good cha-
racter from Cranston's. Well up in Koses aud Fruits. —
MATTHEWS, Swain's Hill, Kiug's Acre, Hereford.

'■pu NURSERYMEN and MARKET

X GROWERS.— Wanted by u young man (age 21) an
engagement. Experienced in Soft-wooded Vropagutiou,
Potting, &c. Industrious and sober. Can be well recommended.
— R., Gardeners' Cltronicle Oibce, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

''PO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted in the

-L Houses. Age 25. Ten years' experience. Good refer-
ence.—E. B., 1, I'ark Villa, Parklields, Futney, S.W.

O GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN.—

Young man (age 20), wants a situations in Gentleman's
Gardens or Nursery. Seven years' good experience, mostly
under Glass. — L., 32, Stamford Koad, Fulham, S.W.

MARKET NURSERIES.— Wanted
employment iu a Market Nursery. Age 28. Twelve
years' excellent references ; used to Market Nursery Work.
—J. B. S., 9, Chiseuhale Road, Old Ford Koad, N.E.

^yo GARDENERS, &c.— Wanted to place an

JL intelligent Youth in a good Garden. Willing to pay a

Fruiterers and Florists.

MANAGER, UUYER, aud SALESMAN,
with first-class West End experience and reference.
Mr. W. Unwin can recommend a practical man.— The " Piazm,"
Covent Garden, W.C.

Market Gardeners.

SALESMAN and MANAGER.— Ten years'
experience. Good references. — F. G. MARTIN, St.
Heliers, Beacousfield Road, St. Margaret's, Twickenham.

CHOPMAN (Head), or MANAGER.— Com-

^ fortable berth required. Well up in all brandies.
Excellent references. First-class thirteen years' experience. —
FUUCTUS. Hillside, Canterbury Grove, West Norwood.

Nursery and Seed Trade.

BOOK-KEEPER. — Thoroughly experienced.
First-class references. — H. H., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN.— Age 29; well up in all depart-
ments, including Florist Work and Sundries. Fifteen
years' experience. — W. .STONE, Miirket Square, Retford.

To the Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Second).— Age 21; seeks re-en-
gagement; seven years' first class experience of the
Trade in all its departments. — H. D., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

SHOPMAN (Junior).— Age 18; three years'
experience in Seed and Nursery. No objection to spend
part of time in Nursery. Good reference. — E. J., Mr. B. R.
Davis, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil.

''rO THE SEED TRADE.— C. Dimmick, late

-L unior Partner in the firm of 0. Dimmick & Sous, Ryd^,
is seeking employment. Twenty years' practical experience in
in Seed Department, Accounts and Correspondence. Highest
references as to integrityand industry. — iS, Southampton Kow,
Holborn, London.

SEED TRADE.— A young Englishman seeks
a situation in a good business, Wholesale or Retail —
Office, Shop, or Warehouse. Moderate salary. Excellent
knowledge of German. Two years' experience in good German
Houses. First-class testimonials.— D. F. G., Messrs. Cooper,
Tabes & Co., Wholesale Seed Merchants. 90, Southwark Street,
London, S.E.

Seed Trade.

WAREHOUSEMAN, or COUNTER HAND.
— Eight years' experience ; total abstainer ; excellent
references.— E. B., Messrs. Toogood &. Finlayson, Queen's
Seedsmen, Southampton.

''rO SEEDSMEN, &c.— Wanted, by a young

T

years' experience of the trade.— G. PIEHPOINT. 39, Dombey
Street, Park Road, Liverpool.

HO LLO WAY'S PILLS.— Changes of tempera-
ture and weather frequently upset persons who are most
careful of their health, and particular in their diet. These cor-
rective, purifying, and gentle aperient Pills are the best remedy
(or all defective action of the digestive organs. They augment
the appetite, strengthen the stomach, correct biliousness, and
carry off all that is noxiousfrom the system. Holloway's Pilla
arecomposedofrarebal3am3,unmixedwith baser matter, and on
that account are peculiarly well adapted for the young, delicate,
and aged. As this peerless medicine has gained fame m the
past, so will it preserve it iu the future by it« renovating and in-
vigorating qualities, and the imposaibility of its doing harm.

356 THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE. [SKm^MBER 17, 1887.

Tk Largest and Finest Stock of

ORCHIDS

IN THE WORLD.

INSPECTION INVITED.

Sander & Co., St. Albans.

The Nurseries are entirely devoted to the Cultivation of Orchids, contain nearly 4 acres of Glass, and are
reached in halfan-hour by Midland Railway from St. Pancras, and in 45 minutes hy Great Northern Railway
from King^s Cross, or by London and North- Western Railway from Euston.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office. 41. Wellington Street. Covent Garden. London. W.C.

Printed by WruilM ElOHiHDS. at the Office of Messrs. BRiBBUBT. Aqkew & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct ot Whitefrian, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by tM

■aid Welliam Biobabm, at the Offloe, «, Wellington Street, Pariah of St. Paul's, Oorent Garden, in the said County SaTOBDay, September 17, 1887. Agent for Man cheater— JoHH HsrwOOD.

Established 1841.^^1!^^^

No. 39.— Vol. II. QZ""^} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1887.

[Regt. as a Newspaper.

rPRicE 3d.

\ Post-free, 3^.

CONTENTS.

Ailantus glandulosa

Albino leaves

Androsace foliosa

Aristolochia tricaudata...
Botanic gardens iu the

West Indies

Botanical Magazine
Calliandra tergemina ...
Ooloiiial notes
Cultural memoranda
Flower bed at Kew, an

effective

Flower garden, the
Flower gardening
Foreign products

Fruit register

Fruits uuder glass
Fuchsias at Market La-

Gardeninw appointments

Gooseberries

Grapes at Clovenfords ...

Greenhouse, is it a build-
ing?

Hardy fruit garden, the .

Harpendea Horticultural
Society

Humeaelegans

Kiuver seed farms and
trial grounds

Kitchen garden, the

"Malesia"

New or noteworthy
plants

NymphseaKewcnsisx ...
„ tuberosa var. fla-

Orchidsat Garston

364 I Orchid notes and glean-
ings f

Osmanthus aquifolins ...

Paris

Pentstemonsin the Edin-

Phylloxera laws in the

German empire
Picotees and Carnations

at the Pilrig Nurseries
Piuguicula caudata
Plants and their culture .
Potato crop

Royal Horticultural So-
Salt and Narcissus bulbs
Scion on stock, the in-
fluence of

Societies ; —
Aberdeen Royal Horti-
cultural

Brighton and Sussex...
Dundee Horticultural .
Manchester Royal Bo-
North of Scotland Hor-
ticultural Association
Spinovitis Davidii
Strawberry Oxonian

Swiss notes

Terminalia elegans
Tomatos. enormous
Tropseolum Mrs. Peebles
Veronica cupressoides and

others

Water, constituents of ...

Weather

Wisley

Illustrations,

Ailantua glandulosa
Elm leaves, showing influence i
Eucharis Candida, insect-eggs i
Gooseberry, a cordon
Gooseberries, show
Osmanthus aquifolius, buds of

CRYSTAL PALACE,
GREAT AITTUMN EXHIBITION of HAKDiT FRUIT,
on THURSDAY, FKIBAY, and S.ATURDAY. October 6 to 8,
1887. Entries Close Thursday, September 29. For Schedules,
&c., apply to

Mr. HEAD, Superintendent of Garden Departmeut.

BRADFORD and DISTRICT CHRYSAN-
THE.MUM SOCIETY.
The FIRST EXHIBITION of the above Society will be held
in the Technical School, on FRIDAY' and SATURDAY,
November 4 and 6, when nearly ONE HUNDRED POUNDS
will be offered in Prizes. Schedules are now ready, and may
be obtained from ,-■ t ^,^t t tt^t, t, i

Mr. J. COLLIER, Secretary.
10, Mannheim Road, ToUor Lane, Bradford.

HORLEY CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY.
Presidejit—JAS. EcKERSLEY, Esq., J.P.
rice-President — Edw. Jacxson, Esq., J.P.
The FOURTH ANNUAL EXHIBrTION of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUITS, &c., will be held in
the Town Hall on NOVEMBER 18 and 19. Schedules may be
had on application to

JAMES SAROEANT, Market Street,
WM. BRIMLEY, Cattle Market,

^ Hon. Se(

CARNATION " MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE."
— A sterling novelty. See Large Advertisement in issue
of Sept. 10, 1887. CATALOGUES on application.
JAilES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

BOUVARDIAS, fine bushy plants, 30s.
per 100; CYCLAMENS, good, in 48's, 30s. per 100;
GARDENIAS, strong plants, 30s. per 100; Tree OAKNA-
TIONS, best sorts. 30s. per 100— good plants.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

QUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

O containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and jxjst-free to
intending purchasers.
SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

PRIDE OF PENSHUHST CARNATION.—
The best pure yellow self ever introduced. As a Border
variety, for hardiness and free flowering it is unequalled.
Awarded First-class Certificates at Royal Horticultural Society,
Royal Botanic Society, and wherever shown. The most profit-
able of all to growers of cut bloom for market.

Extra strong well-rooted layers of this lovely variety,
carriage paid, at 7s. 6rf. per dozen. Sample pair, post-free, for
18 penny stamps. Price to Trade on application. Address
F. WEBBER, Quarry Hill Nursery. Tonbridgr. Kent.

QPECIAL OFFER to the English Trade of
O 100,000 INTDUN AZALEAS, from 60s., 70s., 80s., 100s.,
120s., to 200s. per 100.

AZALEA MOLLIS, GHENT AZALEAS, RHODODEN-
DRONS, CAMELLIAS, FERNS, PALMS, for Table and Gen-
eral Decoration. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA, SPIR.EIS,
LILY OF THE VALLEY, and various other Plants for forcing.
All at very moderate charges.

Wholesale CATALOGUE, free on application, from

A. VAN GEERT, Continental

Ghent, Belg

Camellias, Azaleas. Bhododendrons, Palms, Orchid}.

&c. Plants grown sp.Hiall\' for English use,

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Looehristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. K. SILBERRAD and SON. 25. Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London. E.G.

ALM SEEDS. — Fresh Seeds of Kentia

Belmoreana. Canterburyana Forsteriana, Areca Bauer!
and lutescens, just to hand. Lowest quotations. Samples
free on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslau, Germany.

GB. FISCHER, Nurseryman, High Street,
• Clapham, London, S.W., begs to offer strong and
healthy Plants from stores, at £5 per 1000. Cash with order.

MALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the

• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS, BOUVARDIAS, ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM and other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY,—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN. Jr., Breslau, Germany.

BUDDENBORG BROTS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom. near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCLLIiE (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

FOR SALE, RASPBERRY CANES, selected
Fastolf, 30s.; strong Carter's, 10s. per 1000. STRAW-
BEREYPLANTS,SirJosephPaxton,12s.perl000, Terms cash.
R. BATH, Osborne Farm, Wisbeach.

ESSRS, GREGORY and EVANS,

Nurserymen, Sidcup. and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C., are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxesand Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

w

A

N

T

E D ,

A 1)

I A N T

V M

CARDIOCHLJENA TRAPEZIFORME, GLEICHENIA

DICHOTOMA

SPELUNCE.

state

ize of pots am.

price.

J.

EAST,

Nettlestone

Ryde,

Isle of Wight.

WANTED, a Thousand Tubers of Bedding
Single BEGONIAS when taken up from Flower Beds,
Apply Q. PHIPPEN, Nurserymi - ■'

PINES. — 45 Queens, 5 Thoresby Queens,
27 Smooth Cayennes, 2 White Providence — all fine clean
Succession plants, and 50 rooted Suckers, to be sold cheap. For
particulars apply to

IRELAND ASD THOMSON, Nurserymen, Edinburgh.

Dutch Bulbs.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, NtnRSERYMEN,
• Seedsmen and Florists, Haarlem, Holland, have
Published their New (Abridged) CATALOGUE for the season
of selected Hyacinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs and Tubers
(No. 161), which may be had post-free on prepaid application.

IGNONIA CHAMBERLAYNE.— A good

price will be given for a good healthy specimen of the
above, true to name. Apply to

a. STANTON, Park Place Gardens, Henley-on-Thames.

GLADIOLUS, The Bride, home-grown bulbs,
lOs. 9d. per 100. ANEMONE. Honorine Jaubert, white.
Autumn flowering, 8s. Gd. per 100. Packing and carriage free,
WALSHAW AMD SONS. Scarborough.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old va:

OBURVENICH-DE WINNE, Gentbrugge,
• near Ghent, Belgium, offers: — 35,000 well-budded
AZALEA MOLLIS, from 10 — 60 buds ; 20,000 AZALEA
INDICA. of superior growth, and for English use; PALMS,
RHODODENDRONS, DRACAENAS, and General Belgian Stock.
Ask for PRICE LIST, free on application.

LAING'S BULBS, — White Roman HYA-
CINTHS, fine large roots, 14s. per 100; extra large picked
roots, 16s. per 100. Paper White and Double Roman NARCIS-
SUS, 9s. per 100. Our FLOWER ROOTS are unusually large
and well ripened this season. Prices low. All carriage free.

GARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good
colour, showing flower-bud, and absolutely clean, in
5 and 6-inch pots, 21s. to 'Ms. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH AND CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamaerops excelsa, and Phcenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N,

INTER-FLOAVERING HEATHS, HYE-

MALIS and Others. Good Plants, showing well for
flower — cannot be surpassed — in 5 and 6-inch pots, 15s. to 24s.
per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH AND CO.. Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

EST HYACINTHS, Fom- Dozen, in 48's, of

the best varieties in cultivation — all show varieties — for
20s. Free by post. Send P. 0.0. to

GEBROEDERS ROOZEN, Overveen, Haarlem, Holland.
Price LIST of all sorts of Bulbs free. Package free; free at

ARNATION, " PAUL ENGLEHEART."—

New Crimson Clove, perfectly hardy, free flowering,
fine rich colour, remarkably fragrant,

REQUIRES NO STICKS.
See Garden, July 31, 1886 ; August 13, 1887. GILBERT David-
son, having acquired from the Rev. G. H. Engleheart the entire
stock of this hue and useful border Carnation, is prepared to
Book Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
requested. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict
rotation, at 2s. 6d. each, 24s. per dozen.

GILBERT DAVITSOX, Wemoleu, Ammanford, R.S.O.,
Carmarthenshire, S. Wales.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation . post-
free, 3d.—W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield,

358

THE GABDENEnS' ClIliONlCLE.

[Septembek 24, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS. — CiKEAT UNKESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C., every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at halt-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
qnality. lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

West Cholderton.

3 miles from Orately Station, S.W.R., and within 10 miles of

Salisbury and Andover.
SAIE of the COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE

PL.-VNTS, formerly the property of the late Mrs. Paxton.

Without reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by W. A. Paxton, Esq., to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, adjoining Cholderton House.
West Chohlerlon, as above, on TUESDAY, September 27, at
13 o'clock precisely, the collection of well-grown STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS. 100 AZALEA INDICA. including
several fine specimens ; 7 splendid specimen AG APANTHUS, a
few ORCHIDS, GARDEN ROLLER, MOWING MACHINES,
and other UTENSILS.

May be viewed any day on application to the GARDENER.
Catalogues had at the Post-olKce, West Cholderton ; and of
the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.,
and Leytonstone, E.

Tuesday Next.— Orchids In Flower.

ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C., on TUESD.AY NEXT,
September 27, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, ORCHIDS in
FLOWER, from various countries, including Cypripodium
Godefroyoj, Cattleyas, Odontoglossums, Catasetum Bnngerothii,
■with 10 flowers: Oncidiunis, and others; also importations of
ORCHIDS received direct for Unreserved Sale, and a clioice
assortment of ESTABLISHED OBCHEDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.
Important to Florists and Private Buyers.
GREAT SALE of 2000 AZALEA I.VDICA from Belgium in-
cluiling a large number of the splendid White variety
DEUTSCHE PERLE; 500 LILIUM HARRISII; FERNS
ill -r.-at variety ; GREENHOUSE PLANTS. POT-ROSES,
SpCLimen AZALEAS, and PALIIS; English grown
LIf.IUM AURATUM; 1.50 lots of Dutch BULBS,
N.4.RCISSUS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
September 28, at half-past 12 o'clock iprecisely, without

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

VAXUABLE ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 ani68, Cheapside, E.C.,
on FRIDAY NEXT, Septemqer 30, at half past 12 o'clock pre.
ciselv, a splendid healthy lot of Established ORCHIDS, consist-
ing of the following r.ire and desirable species, the whole in
superb condition.

Aerides Lcoiii expansum
Oocidiura Hubschii
Cattleya Schroderai
Odontoglossum Schilleria-

cardinale

Calanthe Sanderiana
Oncidium pyriemensi
Adrides Sanderiaaum
Cypripedium Albanensi,

hybrid
Cymbidium Lowii
Cypripedium vittatum breve

„ snperciliare ornatum
Faphinia Sanderiana

Vanda Sanderiana, fine healthy pieces — the finest lot evei
introduced, in large masses and grand condition ; Oncidinn
Sarcodes, Cattleya guttata. Ccelogyne. probably new; Lffilii
harpophylla, L. xanthiua. and many other species.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Cypriped

"inm
L%lia elegang
Cypripedium grande

,, euryandrum

,, Binotii

Sedeui candidn-

Prellmlnary Notice.— Boleyn Nursery, Upton.

Important to Nurserymen, Florists, Market Growers, and
Otliers.
SALE of the FREEHOLD NURSERY, with numerous GLASS
ERECTIONS, and also the STOCK and UTENSILS in
TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
favoured with instructions from Mr. Crowe to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Boleyn Nursery, Upton,
a short distance from the Upton P.ark Station, on TUESDAY',
October 11, at 12 o'clock precisely (unless previously let or
sold by private treaty), the compact FREEHOLD NURSERY,
eonsi-tiuK of a large block of Land, with 11 well-built Green-
houses elHciently heated by Hot-water Piping, Pits, &c.

Following the Sale of the Nursery the whole of the valuable
and immense stock of FERNS, PAi.MS, and other GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS wiU be offered in suitable lots for the Trade
and private buyers.

The Auctioneers desire to call particular attention to this
Sale, as the Nursery is ready for immediate occupation, and
presents a capitAl opening for any one dosirous of embarking
into a business of this description. Fuller particulars will
appear next week.

* Catalogues may behaxlon thePremises, and, with particulars
of the Nursery, of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone, E., who will be pleased
to receive in the meantime any offers for either Letting or
Selling the property by private contract.

Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, near Derby.

IMPORTANT and EXTENSIVE SALE of FIRST-CLASS
NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have
received instructions from Jlcssrs. Barron & Son, to
SELLby Afrrr-iV, ,,,, r,, I'l.i,,,-, ., „, .above, on WEDNES-
D.AYandTIII 1 :i\' -' - ,ij ,;,.| l;i, a large quantity of
BareCONIFl !: ; M i ,< .1 I •; s YEWS, and HOLLIES,

and other STiH K, ..i ^^ n. ir nirih.r | . i rticulars will appear.
E.C.

iip^ii

Sales of Nursery Stock.

Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others engaged in
Planting.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call .attention to the FOLLOWING SALES,

which have now been definitely fixed : —

OCTOBER 12 and 13.— At the , EL V ASTON NURSERY, BOB-
ROWASH, Derby. By order of Messrs. W. Barron & Sons.

OCTOBER 13.— At the NURSERY, KNOCKHOLT, SEVEN-
OAKS. By order of Mr. W. Dale.

OCTOBER 18 and 19.— At the NURSERIES, WLMBLEDON.
By order of Messrs. D. T. Thomson & Son.

OCTOBER 24 and 2.5.— At the NURSERIES, RICHMONT),
S.W. By order of Messrs. G. & W. Steell.

OCTOBER 26.— At the ELM NURSERY, BRIGHTON. By
order of Mr. Thomas.

NOVEMBER 1.— At the HALE FARM NURSERIES, Totten-
ham. By order of Mr. T. Ware.
Other Sales are in course of preparation, and dates of these

will shortly be announced. The Auctioneer will be glad to add

the Names of intending Purchasers to their permanent Lists,

who may desire to receive aregular supply of these Catalogues.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Whittlngton Nurseries, near Lichfleld.

PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCKMENT.

MESSRS. WIXTERT(.)N, I'.E.VLE, and
WINTERTON are instructed by Mr. Edward Holmes to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY", October 18 and 19, and following day if
necessary.

AN IMMENSE QUANTITY OF NURSERY STOCK,
remarkably well grown and splendidly ront-d. ciniprising a
fine assortment of FRUIT TREES, of tli^^ I. -t ^ .n- ; many
thousiindsof healthy young FOREST TKKl s. :i umt compre-
hensive collection of EVRBGREEN an 1 li|:( IIH ols TREES
and SHRUBS; an unique selection of CiiNIKERS. specially
grown; choice named sorts of RHODODENDRONS, Hardy
Climbers, and a large quantity of the best Herbaceous Plants.

Djtailed particulars in future notices and Catalogues to be
obtained 14 days prcvimis to Sale from the Auctioneers.
St. JI;irv'sCliaiiil..T-. Lichfield.

Bulbs-Bulba -Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STE\'ENS will (SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms, 38. KingStrcit. Coveut Garden. W.C,
every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and S.ATURDAY, First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7J92.)

IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE bv AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. ,S8, King
Street, Covent "Garden, W.C, on THURSD.AY NEXT, Sep-
tember 29, at half-past 12 o'clock preciselv, a fine lot of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including many plants in flower
and bud ; a few new ORCHIDS from Mr. A. Regnier, also a
fine importation of ONCIDIU.M ROGERSI, O. CRISPUM,
MILTONI.AS. and other BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS, received direct.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7492.)
VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
CYPRIPEDIUM VITTATU-M BREVE,
AiJRIDES LAWRENCIJE.

„ ROBELENH.
VANDA SANDERIANA.
PHALJENOPSIS AMABILIS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, September 29, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a superb lot of the rare and beautiful
CYPRIPEDIUM VITTATUM BREVE, just arrived, in excel-
lent condition, with fine healthy breaks. Fine plants of the
extremely beautiful AERIDES LAWRENCI.« ; this most
handsome Orchid stands quite unique among Aerides ; the
flowerspike attains a length of 2 feet, and its blossoms
measure up to 2 inches in diameter. Also healthy plants of
the scarce A. ROBELENII ; this is a grand Orchid, and very
rare; it grows together with Vanda Sanderiana, and requires
the same treatment; its flowers are large, white, spotted with
crimson, with a yellow centre.

At the s,ame time will be offered a wonderful lot of VANDA
SANDERIANA, including the finest masses that have ever
reached Europe; it is undoubtedly " the * introduction of late
years, and unquestionably the most superb Vanda known.
The Sale will include Ccelogyne species, probably quite new ;
Ltelia autumnalis, Odontoglossum citrosmum, large ma-sses ; O.
Loniiesboroughianum, Lrelia purpurata, Cattleya citrina, the
rare Dendrobium profusum, Epidendrum nemorale, Pilumna
nobilis, and many other ORCHIDS.

On view tlie morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next-(Sale No. 7192.)

NEW and VALUABLE ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE
by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, .38, King Street.
Covent Garden, Vf.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, September 29,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of L'Horticulture
Internationale, 50 fine plants of Catasetum Bungerothi,
principally in Flower and Bud; fine pieces of Cypripedium
prjLstans, C, Nec-Guineense, Vanda Massaiana, Dendrobium
Stratiotes, &c., &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower.

MR. J. G. STEVENS beg.s to announce that
his next SPECIAL SALE .il iilnllllis in FLOWER

and BUD will take place at 1.1, i.;. .' I; s, King Street,

Covent Garden, W.C, on Wll' ' ■- 1 .l„-r 12, and he

will be glad if Gentlemen ih - ■ iilants for this

Sale will please send particukti- .1- "Ml ,1 p. -il.le.

Bagshot, Surrey. — For Absolute Sale.

THOUSANDS of FRUIT TREES. Standards and Dwarfs;
HOLLIES. LAURELS, BERBERIS, LIGUSTRUM. RHO-
DODENDRONS, CUPRESSUS, CEDRUS, RETINO-
SPORAS. AZALEAS, and a general assortment of HARDY
SHRUBS and TREES in great variety, being the contents
of an outlying Nursery for absolute clearance.

To which will be added a very large and varied stock of all the
most valuable NURSERY TREES and SHRUBS in

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. Charles Noble to SELL by AUCTION on
the Premises, as above, situated half a mile from Sunuingdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, October 31 WEDNESDAY, November 2

TUESDAY, November 1 THURSDAY, November 3

MONDAY, November 14 WEDNTISDAY, November 16

TUESDAY, November 15 THURSDAY, November 17,

at half-past 12 o.Clock precisely each day. Further particu-

MR. BATCHELER will SELL by AUCTION,
without reserve, at 10, Downham Road, King.sland
Road. E., on MONDAY, September 26, at 1 o'clock prompt.
Glass Studio, handsome Conservatories, Garden Smoking Rooms,
Lean-to Greenhouses, Summer-houses, Portable Workshops
(40 by 18 feet), Sashbars, Ladders. Paints, Whitelead, Varnish,
Terebine, Verniilinn Puttv. &r. Critalo»uea of

II. E. BATCHELER, 'Auctionn-r. Ualston .Tunction, E.

To Gentlemen, Gardeners, Florists, &c.
ANTED TO RENT, a Private GARDEN or

Small NURSERY, with 2 or 3 Glasshouses and Cottage,
particulars to A. B., Howard Street, Oxford.

w

Add:

London, S.E.

TO BE SOLD, a capital NURSERY,
2i Acres of Ground, 7 Greenhouses, and Residences.
Rent, £1.5. Incoming very low.

Full particulars of PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68,
Cheapside. E.C.

OR SALE, a SMALL NURSERY, SEED

and FLORIST BUSINESS, in first-rate locality. Good
Jobbing connection, which may be very much extended.
Particulars of F. R. BRUCE. Uxbridge Road, Ealing Dean.

Nine Miles from London, close to Rail.
X'dl! DISIMISAL, a small XUliSKlIY and
X .lnli|:lNO 1:1 ,SINK.s.S-:'lM l-rt l.y v^ ^pan-roofed Green-
houses, in unrkiiig .inli-i-. I'cr-uual introduction to customers.
TENANT, 9, Park Villas, Chadwell Heath, Essex.

TO FLORISTS.— FOR SALE, with Imme-
diate IV,......, on, .;ri.-i.NHOT'.SES. all fitted with 4-inch

Hot-wat.r 1 m. I, in,, . .',,1 ,, ,| Trade Utensils. Situated
inafirst,;,.- ; , , ; , I,, ,,.-. with Walled-in Garden,
and Wnt<; I , ; , :, (■ , !.._', Lease 14 years. Price

£275. A 1

\pi.ly WHITE. High

■■mid r
et, Sitting

GJ.ENERAL NURSERY, FRUIT GROWING,
r and FLORIST BUSINESS. — Surrounded bv several
large towns. Unusual opportunity to an enterprising man.
Nearly 4 Acres of good Land, 11 Greenhouses, well heated,
with Residence. Rent on Lease, £60, or the Freehold would be
Sold— stock, good-will, &c., at valuation, about £600. Full
particulars of
Pl'.i 1 THEROE AND MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London.

''VO BE LET, or SOLD, a valuable Freehold

i NURSERY, with Cottage, situated in Greenwich. About
1 acre walled in, and half under glass. All Fittings. Water
laid on. Only parties with substantial means need apply to
" ANCHOR BREWERY'," Lewisham, S.E.

To Florists and Market Gardeners.

Close to a station, and 15 minutes from Town.

TO BE LET, on LEASE, or SOLD as a
going concern, 4 acres of LAND, well planted, capital
RESIDENCE, and 500 feet run of GLASS in six HOUSES, well
stocked with Gardenias, Stephanotis, &c. The Proprietor has
carried on a lucrative business for seventeen years, and is
relinquishing solely on account of ill-health.

Full particulars on application to Mr. WILLIAM HODSOLL,
Estate Agent, &c., Farningham and Gravesend.

TO BE LET, and may be entered upon imme-
diately, WING NURSERIES. Rutland. The above con-
tains about 1^ acre, together with five Houses, containing
3000 feet of glass, good 10-roomed Dwelling-house, with Stable
and necessary Outbuildings. Within 1 mile of Manton Station,
and Ixalf a mile by foot-road. Rent moderate.

Apply to Messrs. ROYCE, Auctioneers, Oakham.

Atherstone, Warwickshire.

TO BE LET, by Tender, for a term of Twenty-
one Y'ears, determinable at seven or fourteen, all those
valuable premises known as THE GRAPERY, ATHERSTONE,
with five Cottages, Garden Ground, and Field ; the whole con-
taining 14 acres.

The Buildings comprise ;— A Vinery, 105 feet by 40 feet over;
a \'inery, 32 feet by 24 feet over ; small lean-to Vinery ;
Stephanotis-house, a Span-roof 18-light Pit, Span-roof Cucum-
ber-house, 52 feet by 14 feet 6 inches over; Vinery over Cot-
tages, 122 feet by 25 feet over; and Lean-to Vinery.

The Vines are of high quality; the whole of thepremises are
in good working order ; they are close to the railway station,
haviug direct communication with Town.

Most of the Garden Ground is let in allotments, the rents of
which, with the Cottages and Field, amount to £130.

The Lessee will purcnaae the Stock in Trade on the premises
at a valuation.

For Terms of Tender, and other information, apply to the
undersigned, to whom Tenders must be sent in, marked
"Tenders for Grapery."

WLLLIAM ARMISHAW,

Clerk to the Governors of the Atherstone Grammar School,

September 24, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

359

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

WILL BE IHANKrULLY RECEIVED BY

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Eoyal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London, W.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Fern

Cultivation," l5.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive "List OF New, Rare, and

Choice Ferns," and "H-ajidy North Ameuicaa" Ferns,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN mJESEEY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

JARMAN'S BULBS,

FOR EARLY FORCING.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, ^^^lite, fine selected

roots, U!. [JIT clo/i'Ti, irx. per 100.
NARCISSUS, Double lloman. Is. M. per doz.,

lOs. per 100.
., Paper White. \s. 6d. per dozen. 10s. per 100.

TULIPS, Duo Van Thol, scarlet and yellow,

8(/. per dozen, 4s. per 100.

All Carriage Free. Catalogues Gratis and Post-free.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN
CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that
without seeing it it is not easy to form an adequate conception
o£ its unprecedented extent.

FRUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,

BOU\'.\RDIAS, CYCL.illENS. ERIC.IS. EPACKIS, PRI.MU-

LAS. SOLANUMS, TREE CARNATIONS, and other

WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS,

Of fine quality and immense numbers.

INSPECTION Invited.

The Glass Structures cover an area of 274,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest "Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to .

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACliK NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6(i. per
cake , free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N.

FLORISTS'
FLOWERS.

Strong transplanted seedlings, from our magnificent
strains. — Post-free.

Per dozen — s. d.

AURICULAS, Alpine, very choice 2 6

PRDIULAS, choicest red... 1 ,^ ..,„,. j ( 1 ^

„ „ white } beautifully fringed .| j g

„ „ mixed per 100, 10s. 6(i. 1 6

,, „ ,, extra strong 2 6

,, Crimson King, magnificent colour, fine plants... 3 6

,, Queen of Whites, superb variety 3 6

CINERARIAS, splendid strain ... per 100, 10s. 6rf. 1 6

CALCE0LARL4.S, herbaceous, beautiful strain ... 3 0
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, very choice, from

stage flowers, mixed 1 6

PRIMROSES, splendid hybrids ... per 100, 10s. 6ii. 1 6

POLY.VNTHUS, Gold-l,-iced. fine per 100, 7s. 6rf. 1 0

DANIELS" BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,
NORWICH.

ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STOCK.

ALL IN FINE CONDITION.
INSPECTION INVITED.

New Catalogue free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYA.RD &• NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

S. WILLIAIVIS'

I Improved Mushroom Spawn,

Per ca!;c. Lit/,; per cake, free by

Parcels Post. Is.

For Outdoor and Indoor Culture.

>) Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries,
Upper Holloway, London, N.

15,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LEADING VABIETrES,

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by
any in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on
application. ^^.^^^ j^ j^^ ^^^^^ „,j application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD iiml NURSERIES, GARSTON,

NEAR LIVERPOOL.

APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS,

CHERRIES,
APRICOTS, PEACHES,

And other FRUIT TREES,

moithj in /ill! bmring.

Magnificent Trees. Certainly

imsurpassed.

NOW IS THE TI.ME TO SELECT.

Inspection invited. Cittahgues free.

•^He-Queen'§-l)eed§a2eF2y

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

I have pli'asur.' in announcing that the
NEW BULB CATALOGUE, in two parts, is
now ready, and is perhaps the most complete
Bulb Catalogue ever published — no Hardy or
Forcing Bulb claiming any real usefulness is
omitted ; the Catalogue is Illustrated with
several New Engra\-ings. Copies may be had
upon application.

NARCISSUS and DAFFODILS,

for which the Tottenham House has a world-
wide reputation amongst both Trade and Retail
Buyers, occupy a considerable portion of this
Catalogue — including an almost innumerable
number of forms from the old popular garden
sorts to the most modern hybrids, as well as
many newly discovered varieties. It is necessary
that Orders for these should reach me early,
as the demand is very great.

LILIES.

It is scarcely necessary to remind readers
of this Journal that I have one of the finest
Collections in the country, and this portion of the
Catalogue will be found "of special interest to all
who delight in any of the many and very varied
forms of this interesting family. This section is
embellished with many high-class Engravings,
now introduced for the first time; and these,
although n.aturally much reduced, give a most
correct idea of the style both of growth and
ilower, of the Lilies.they illustrate.

DUTCH BULBS

have not been neglected in this New Catalogue,
and most complete collections of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, &c., occupy several pages.
All the varieties offered are tried sorts, and the
prices in many cases unusually low.

FORCING BULBS

will be found fully detailed at competitive prices,
including ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER
WHITE NARCISSUS, LILY of the VALLEY',
SPIR.EAS, TUBEROSES, &c.

IRIS

in endless variety. Very extensive collections of
English, Spanish, Siberian, German, Japanese,
and other forms ; my collection of these is very
complete.

CALIFORNIAN, CAPE, AND
MEXICAN BULBS.

Very extensive Lists of these, including
CAL0C;H0RTUS and CYCLOBOTHRA,
AMARYLLIS, MILLAS, NERINES, &c.

HELLEBORES.

A very grand Collection, in many showy use-
ful varieties. All fine home-grown stuff.

Catalogue mag le had gratuitouslg and
fost-free upon application.

Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

360

THE OARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Septemsek 24, 1887.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

worcester.

Established 1827.

L, PAILLET,

CIIATENAY, SEINE,
NEAR PARIS, FRANCE,

Ojffers the folloioing Plants : —
AEV'ICABIA EXCELSA, nice planta from head cuttings or
tintfts, lit to 12 inches, £2 per dozen; la to 16 inches, £J
In £ ' 1 1 \ li.T cl.,/.en ; 16 to 20 inches, £2 10s. to £3 per

.In.-, n ■■ l.il'l hinhos, £3to£4perdozen.
ASr;iil ■ l: \ M ^ ■:■< [.•ates, £1 to £1 10s. per dozen; 20 to

:f I • I i !■■ to £2 per dozen.

PHHUMH 1) i I \ 1 ., 1 to.'; leaves. 2 to 2J feet high, £3 per 100;

6 to r ici; . ., -J lij 3 feet high, £1 per 100.

XILiCS FOR FORCING.

CHAKLES X.. ALIi.V VIKOINALIS — plants with 6 to 10
branches. £1 to £.t per 100 ; plants with 10 to lo branches,
£') to £6 per lliO; plants with 15 to 20 branches, extra,
£ ) to £8 per 100.

EOtlGE 1)E TRIANON (Redof Trianon— new variety), with im-
mense red llower, long and large, enormous bunch, superior
to C!i;irles X., 6 to l.T branches, £1 10s. to £2 per dozen.

j\'.i?!'.— All these plants are cultivated in pots, and are
well ^<l w ith flowers ; plants are from 20 inches to 3 feet
Ijiiulu-sliigh.

LILAC KOUGE UE MAKLY (Red of Marly), variety employed
to obtain White Lilac ; sold in bunch, 3 to 5 feet, £4, £5,
to £6 per 100.

PERSrCA SAUGEANA. nxe bushy plants, 3 to 4 feet high,
£4 to £.^ per 100. These Lilacs are grown in open ground,
transplanted. Well set with flower-buds.

■ \nT 100;
I i-T 100.

rith

. 1 I.ORE-PLENO.inpots,£.l to£.5per 100.
,IM ssis, IXORE-PLENO, on small standards,
,r, 1. IjLiJiy head, 20 to 30 branches, full of flower;
uiteii, tit for pot culture and for forcing. New
splendid in bloom, £1 bs. to £1 15s. per dozen.
I) roots and grafted or budded on roots ; best sorts,
,.iirl..n Hybrid. 1 yr. !\m\ 2-yr. transplanted,
, I, ^|n, .,(,,■ , L"..Mii y| ,!iM,,i-Liii, 1-yr. and 2-yr.

\i I! I u i':: >i I l:i llRUM.goodbuIbs.in

.,«,-. I '. :i-"il" ■■ r-,1 ""■ L'J.£,i.to£:ilOs.perinO.
.S. -; I. ■■■I up t" :i irrt, tl Ills, to £1 18s. per Jor.eu.

NEW LILY OF THE VALLEY.

Cl;NVALLAHI.\. JIAJALIS ALIiA GRANDIFLORA (Fortin
variety, trne). This splendid new variety has been re-
warded with a First-class Prize by the Committee of Flori-
culture of the NationalandCentralSociety of France. When
presented la,t .Miiy (l-i<7). the Committee said:— "This
spleudid v:ii j i . \' lii ' - ilnwers and bunch, is three times
as large ii- i in'; and will be the most useful

andmostpi , i . rforcingflorists." Price: — 1-yr.

plauts, f 1 |i' t III i:i|.ir 1 1; 2-vr. plants, £1 8s. per 100,

£13 per 1 i; :. yr iJiiiiH. £J per 100, £IS per 1000.

.Vrfe. — l'i:iiil> of .i \ i-urs only are able to liloom this season.

PJEONIA ARBOREA — PiEONIA

SINENSIS.

Special Culture. The mtv li>--l iiml the richest collection.

P.EONIA ARBOREA. piml "r.lniiirv ^irts: 250 varieties.

NEW AND VERY RARE N'AKIKl'IE.S.— 55 varieties.

CHINESE VARIETIES, introduced by Mr. Robert Fortune;
34 varieties.

JAPANESE VARIETIES, brought over by .lapanese growers
to the Paris Exhibition, in 1878; 8 varieties. Disposable
by hundreds and thousands, 1, 2. and 3-yr. old ; middle-
sized plants, 3 to 6 years old ; strong plants, 6 to 8 years;
extra large specimen, 8 to 15 years old.

All the Plants cultivated in pots.

P.EONIA SINENSIS— good ordinary sorts, 230 varieties ; new
and choice sorts, 26 varieties; very new and very rare sorts,
22 varieties. Disposable in plants, 1, 2, and 3 years old.

Special CATALOGUES of Preonies, printed in English,
containing List of Varieties with their description and
price, will be sent on application.
^- CATALOGUES, Printed in English, con-

taining Fruit Trees, Fruit Tree Stocks, Soses,

Pose Stocks, and others, will be smt on application.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16x. per 100;
ditto in large pots. 2t^s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

T,rr,.. .ut, t-nTTTu ...^ nr. Nuraerymen and Seed

IFR^EYFRUIT TREES.

U ^ rV «J K^ I t'lirriiiKi- I'iiiil. Cnnlonsaspecialite.
Write for Illustrated C,il;,l"-ii.- to .luslirA LE OORNU
AI*D SON, High View Xiir-irii -., w Im will vi^nd, carriage
paid tor cash witli order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES fOr 218.
Early orders Becure extra strong pluuts.

FOR SALE, between 5 and 6 Quarters of Selected
DRU.MHEAD SAVOY SEED, this vear'sgrowth. Apply to
Mr. TAYLOR. Driusey Nook Nurseries, Saxilby, Lincoln.

f\{\{\ {\t\(\ LILY of the VALLEY Pipes,

»- 'V' V/^ V/V/ V/ iirst^claas for Forcing, can be had from

QTRAWBERRY PLANTS, true names (plant

O at once), 3s. &d. per 100. Oscar, President, Crimson
Queen, Keen's Seedling, Sir J, Paxton, Eleanor, Eclipse. British
Queen, La Constante, Garibaldi, VicomtesseH. deThury, Duke
of Edinburgh, Princess Alice Maude, Marguerite, Elton Pine,
James Veitch, Comte de Paris, Laxton (true). Captain (new),
4.S. perlOO; Laxton 's King of Earlies, true, new, 4.s-. per It^K).
Ca^h with all orders. Packingfree.— R. LOCKE, Wrotham, Kent.

CHEAP OFFER.

AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, fine bushy plants. 10 to
25 buds, 85. to Sis. per dozen, 50s. to 60s. per 100.
RHODODENDRONS, small seedlings, all from the very best
scarleta, 9 to 12 inches, bushy. 20s. per 100.
Tlie above are fine stuff, and are offered at a low rate, being
on ground that must be cleared for building purposes.

Our New General CATALOGUE for the present season is
now ready, and will be sent to any address on application,

ISAAC DAVIES and SON, Nurserymen, Ormskirk, near
Liverpool.

GLADIOLUS COLVILLII ALBA,
"THE BRIDE,"
First-size Root?, per 1000, b%s. Samples may be had on
application. — Apply to

Mr. P. \'AN TIL, .lun.. Bulb Grower, Hillegom, Holland.

]Vf O AV READ Y.—

i.1 WHITE mis ANGLICA, THE BRIDE.

WHITE GLADIOLUS, THE BRIDE,
WHITE ANEMONE, THE BRIDE.
All very effective white flowers, for Cutting or Decorative
Purposes.

loo splendid roots of each of the above mentioned " Brides,"
may be had free per Parcel Post on receipt of P. 0.0. for 20s.
payable at Overveen, Haarlem.

GEBROEDERS ROOZEN. Bulb Growers, Overveen,
Haarlem, Holland.

Special quotations for larger quantities of any of the above.
Dest-riptive LIST of all kinds of Bulbs and Bulbous Plants may
be had free on prepaid application.

Packngefree; free at homp.

BUYERS OF BULBS

SdV'- — PER CENT- — -\>
^ BY PURCHASING OF

OAKSHOTT & MILLARD,

Eoyal Counties Seed Establlshmeiit,

Reading, Berks.

CATAUK.I t:.s (:r„t,< „mt Po^t'/ree.

H. CANNELL & SONS'

(F.R.H.S., ILJl.r.A.ll.)

COMPLETE CATALOGUE

Of all Wants for the Garden during the Autumn

and Winter — supplied Cheapest, Quickest,

and of the Best Quality, to any part of the World.

SENT POST FREE.

THE HOME OF FLOWERS,

S W A N L E Y, KENT.

DUTCH AND OTHER

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualities^ at moderate prices.

Large Collections of all the very best varieties of Hyacintha,
Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissi, Lilies, Snowdrops, &c.

Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application.

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

1 (\(\(\ GARDENIAS, in 48-pots; GENISTAS,

-IvUv/ in 48-pot3, at 16s. per 100 ; 1000 PTERIS
HAST ATA, from good plants, in 43-pots. at £1 per 100;
1000 AUIANTUM CUNEATUM, at £1 Is. per 100; 2000
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, at £1 Is. per 100, in 48-pot3. For
cash only, payable by Money Order at Leyton Green.
T. BALDWI.N AND SO.V, Edith Nursery, Birchall Road, Leyton.

"■pO BE SOLD, cheap, a Small Select COL-

-L LECTION o£ ORCHIDS. .Must be cleared.

T. WHILLAMS. 21. Rivenswood Road, Balham. S.W.

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Dv'iOii^ Lane Nur-^erv. Upv'er Edmonton.

TELEGltAl'JIIC AIiDRESS— ■■ I'TERIS." LONDON.

Grandest Violet ever Offered.

MR. J. I'll.V.MJiEltS, Westlake Nurseries,
Isleworth, London, W.. is now sending out his New
Double VIOLET " VIOTORLA." Strong Plants, full of flowei^
buds, at Is. 6rf. each, or 18s. per dozen, free by post. All orders
to be accompanied with remittance. Trade price on application.
First-class Certificate RoyalHorticultural Society. April 12, 1887.

QA C\i\(\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

0\/^V/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants : extra strong plants, repotted into 5^inch pots. 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICILARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

Daffodil Planting,

HARTLANDS Original LITTLE BOOK for
1887. Post-free, Is. 6ti. It is beautifully Illustrated by
Gertrude Hartland, containing numerous full-sized Draw-
ings, and, as a work of art, unique. From the great demand
W. B. H. finds himself compelled to have it reproduced. Please
write for copy, and prior to your sending Daffodil orders; if not
pleased your money will be refunded. ADuplicateCopy (not illus-
trated), with a General BULB LIST, can be had free of cost,
and the Book itself is presented gratis with orders above 40s.

WM. BAYLOR HAKTLAND, Seedsman, 24, Patrick Street,
Cork, Ireland.

UTCH BULBS.

IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, NnBSKRYMEN,
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.
Intending purchasers of DUTCH BULBS are invited to read
ANT. ROOZEN and SON'S CATALOGUE for 1887, and see the
large saving effected by Dealing direct with the Grower.
The Catalogue, containing details of their immense Collections
of New, Rare, and Fine Bulbs and Plants, and also particulars
as to Free Delivery, will be sent, post-free, on application
to them, or to their Agents, MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-atHill, London, E.G.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 2.Ss. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),

40s. ; 4-bushel bags. 4<(. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 6 sacks,

25$. : sacks. \d. each
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 5 sacks, 2a». ; sacks,

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9rf. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, 4rf. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIKOIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21. Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best t/i['ihti/. as supplied to the lioyat Gardens, .yc.
FINEST ORCHID PE.IT, 7s. per sack.

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5s. per sack. 5 for 22s. M.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 4s. id. per sack, 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6rf. per bushel; 14s. ^ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 4s. per sack. [2os. per ton.

Y'ELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
KAFFIA. LABELS. STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGrN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack.
SPECIALITB TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each Sii. per lb.;

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street,Loudon, S.E.

Feat for Orchids.

AZAIEAS, HEATHS. FERNS, RHODODENDRONS, and other

choice Plants. The best in the world.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
. London. E.C.. continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
OBCHrO PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have NO Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates.

ORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,

SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per poat, of every Horticultural Kequisit*.

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a, Queen Victoria
Street, E.G., near Mansion Houw Station. Dep6t: SwanPlace,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegrams— " Floricultcrb, London." Established 1854,

September 24, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

361

COCOA-NUT FIBRE, newly-made. — Great
reduction. In bags— 20, Hs. ; 40. 25s.. baga inclniied.
Trnck-load of two tons. 20s. All free on to rail.

J. STEVENS AXD CO., Greyhound Yard, and 15.3, High
Street, Battersea. S.W.

GARDENERS, &o., REQUIRING PE.A.T,
SAND. LOAM. POTTING COMPOST. GARDEN
NETTING. RAFFIA, MATS. &c.. in large or small quantities,
will save 25 per cent, bv sending for our List of Prices, post-
free. BRINKWOETH AXti SONS, Reading.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s, Gd. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 6s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. M. per
bag. SIL\'ER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Farnboro' Station. Hants.

WASPS !

Ask your Chcmi-l
for the INSTAXT-
-4NEOUS DEATH
TO WASPS. Si.l.l
Wholesiile by E IK-
CLAY AND SON.
Farringdon Street,
London. E.C. Price
2s. 6d. and 3s. 6^.

rMJIEDlATELY.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS. FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

by innumerable unsolicitedTestimouials. Rhododendron PEAT.
LEAF-MOULD. LOAM, SAND. SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FIBRE. CHARCOAL. &c.. and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials.
EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

PE A T — P E AT — PEAT. —
Very superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester,
Mount Mascal Estate, yorth Cray, Kent.

CERTAIN DEATH

to JIEALY BUG and otluT
INSECTS on PLAXT.-^.^-r \

THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL
CHEMICAL COMPANY,
TONBUIDlii:. KENT.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BtriLDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, IVIIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenlaouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., coii3truete<l on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing liuiisf-^, ;iJiil for priictic^l utility, euuiiomy, and durability cannot be equalled. Wt; only do one class of work,
and that the very best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens dt'-^ignpil architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c^ always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim i^ and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

SIB JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, mstory,
and Culture of all Plants kno^vn in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical
Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth, price 25s.

BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. "With upwards
of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. 6<f.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. AVith 400 Illustrations 8vo, cloth, price 5s. Qd.

LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With Dlustrations. 8vo, cloth, price 9s.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND CECONOMICAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustra-
tions. 8vo, cloth, price 5s.

LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools,
Price Is., sewed.

London: BRADBURY, AGNBW, & CO.. Bouverie Street, B.C.

New Edition, Corrected up to Date,

THE GOnAGER'S GALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTOX, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners Chronicle.

Price 3d.. Post-free 3|d. ;
Twenty-five Copies, Ss; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, SOs.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals. _

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT.

PEAT, bfit black librous ... 4,5.6;.
PEAT, extra selected Orchid 6s. 6rf.
LOAJI. best yellow librou

(is. per
I (.

sack ; 5 siicka for 22s. W.
5 sacks for 'Ms.
5 sacks for 2bs.

PREPARED COMPOST, best

LEAF MOULD, best only

PEAT MOULD,

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6i. per bush.. Us. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, beat only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... M: lb., i.l lb. 18s.
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Spccialite) M. lb., 2* lb. IBs.
MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 6s. per bi.shil.

'■'FER-I
'ooil tor (
'lowers, r Tir
ice. ...) 1/

In baps.

all kinds of Plants. Flowers, ("Tins. 71b. I41b. 281b. 6lilb. 1 cwt.

Frnits. Vegetables. &c. ...) 1/6 .3/- 6/- 8/- 11/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6- 12/-

VIROra CORK, best quality only — .■?/- 6/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHAKCOAL. ditto. 2s. 6d. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is each; 10 sacks, 9s. ; \h sacks. 13s.; 20 sacks. 17s. ;

30 sacks, 26s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, fre.. on ■ ail,

25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, grir'ii'uted,

in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with onlcr.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, R
ISHUHST CUJIPUUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes. Is.. 3s.. and 10s. Gd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY

(Limited). London.

AUTUMN REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE TRADE.

Our SHOW ROOMS are now fully furnishe.l villi every
novelty in DRIED FLOWERS, GRASSES, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES required for the Autumn and Winter Season.

Etirhj in'ipecimn e^ppcialh/ f^nUrited.

CORRY. SOPER. FOWLER & CO., 16, Flnsbury St., E C.
To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

JBLACKl'.URX AND S(JN,S are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also
Petersburg Mats and JIat Bags. Raffia Fibre. Tobacco Paper,
and Shatliiig. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street. E.C.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S AllCIIANGEL IMATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

P.AFFIA (Fresh Arrival).

SPECIAL QUOTATIOiX.S on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135. COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PETERSBURG, ami PACKING
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH. RAFFIA. PEAT
LOAM. SILVER SAND and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & CO., 129, Commercial Street,

Spitalfields, London. E

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE

HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

S This

s thes

and

nple-

'heapest,

]»owerfuI apparatus

tting, no stoke-
hole, and no hot-water
' fitter for fixing. The
Boiler stands in the
Greenhouse, the front only being outside.
BO that the whole of the heat from the Boiler
itaelf is utilised. It burns over twelve
hours without attention, at a nominal cost.
Price, as engraving, with Boiler, open feed syphon, 12 ft. of
4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints, complete, £4 4s.

Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.

Cost of apparatus COMPLETE for Greenhouses as below,

delivered free, with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing,

ft. ft.
10 ;

I ft. ft.

u 0 15 :

5 1 0 I 20 X 10 .

d. I ft. ft.
.5 10 8 25 X 12

16

Proportionate prices for other sizes. Estimates free.
Illustrated Li--t, with full particulars of these and every
description of Fuel, Gas, and Oil Heating Stoves free.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot- water Engineers.'

"^'^s^ei;!"^^"} LONDON BRIDGE.

362

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembee 24, 1887.

SUCCESS.— SUCCESS

"NOTHING SUCCEEDS LIKE SUCCESS,"

AND THE UNPRECEDENTED SUCCESS OF

atent Duplex Uprigtit Tubular Boiler

STAMPS IT AS THE BOILER OF THE AGE.

NOTE A FEW OF ITS ADVANTAGES.

l.— GREAT DURABILITY— the at'crage durahiUhj is 20 //ears.
2. — Beinr/ of CAST IRON, it is injinitely more etunible than nny

Wroiujht-Iron Boiler.
5.— It is MORE FOWERFUL and has performed GREATER

ACHIEVEMENTS than anij Boiler extant.
L—The HOLLOW FURNACE BARS last 11 //ears longer than

the ordinary Solid Bars, and ADD TWENTY PER

CENT. OF POWER.
5. — All sediment can he removed.
6. — Any ordinarii labourer can periodicallij CLEAN OUT THE

BOILER, without displacing the setting.
1.— Perfect SAFETY is insured.
8. — A hrealidoivn or failure is almost impossible.

9. — In case of repairs to ONE SECTION of the Boiler, the remain-
ing portion can he left in operation.
10. — The Boiler being in SECTIONS can he passed through a door-

waij 1 foot G inches wide.
n,—NO NIGHT STOKING REQUIRED. This, in addition to

their RELIABILITY, saves the Gardener a VAST

AMOUNT OF TROUBLE AND ANXIETY.
\2.— Weeks' s Upright Tubular is the ONLY BOILER that offers

these advantages, which cannot fail to be of the utmost interest

and benefit to the Horticultural World.

UPWARDS OF 3,000 OF WEEKS'S UPRiCHT TUBULAR BOILERS IN OPERATION.

A 10 years' Conditional Guaranteo given with every Patent Duplex Upright Tubular Boiler

when fixed by J. Weeks & Co.

PRICE LIST and full Particulars Post-free on application to

J. WEEKS & eo.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

Septesideb 24, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

363

Early Orders secure the Best Bulbs!

CARTERS'

NAMED

HYACINTHS,

BEDS AND RIBBON BORDERS,

THE BEST THAT MONEY VAX BUY,
AT EEMARKABLY LOW PEICES.

Per :00. Per tloz.

Carters'

Bright Crimson.

15

0

2

3

Carters'

Deep Rose

16

0

2

6

Carters'

Light Rose

16

0

2

6

Carters'

Rich Purple

15

0

2

3

Carters'

Dark Blue

15

0

2

3

Carters'

Light Blue

16

0

2

6

Carters'

Pure White

34

0

3

6

Carters'

"White-Tinted , .

21

0

3

0

Carters'

Canary Yellow. .

24

0

3

6

ALL SKNT CARRIAGE

FREE.

ILLVHTRATKO CATALDGI-ES PnST-FKKE

Seedsmen by Royal Commands to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

Otxv^^^ofel

FREE BY POST OR RAl L

PRICE CATALOGli E POST FRE E

JamesQickson&Soni

"NEWTON' NURSERlESynFCTrp
I08EASTCATEST JMliM

EARLY WHITE

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

OUR LARGE CONSIGNMENTS
of ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER WHITE NAR-
CISSUS, &c., are to hand in splendid condition, and
Tve have much pleasure in offering fine picked Bulbs

at moderate prices as below, carnage free : —

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, extra tine roots. 2s. per

dozen. 15s. per 100. l-iVs. per lUOO.
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, ordinary sized roots,

1.5. 9ff. prr dozen, lli.s. per lUO, llO.t. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper White, splendid for forcing, Is.Gd.

per dozen, 105. 6d. per 100, 905. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper WMte, new, large flowered,
splendid variety, much superior to the old sort, '2s. Qd.
per dozen, 15s. per 100.
NARCISSUS, Double Roman, fine roots, is. Gd. per
dozen, lO.'J. 6rf. per 100. 90s. per 1000.
Our beautifully Illustrated CATALOGUE (64 pages
imperial size) of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Lilies, Fruit
Trees, Roses, &c., is now ready, and shouhl be read by all
intending purchasers before making their selection.

DANIELS BROS.,

ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT,

NORWICH.

Veitch's Bulbs

EARLY FORCING.

VEITCH'S BULBS
POT CULTURE.

VEITCH'S BULBS
OUTDOOR PLANTING.

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(^wxkxiM ^\\xmt\t

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER J4, 1887.

SWISS NOTES.

I HAVE the great advantage of an acquaint-
ance with 51. Correvon, of Geneva, and a
few weeks since we were out on the mountains
together. Anyone who loves alpine plants should
pay a visit to the Jardin d'Acclimafation at
Geneva, and if he can go upon an exploring
expedition with its Director as well, it will be
so much better for him. The main principle
on which M. Correvon acts is to grow every-
thing from seed ; this not only saves the moun-
tains from ravages (and even the Alps can
be denuded of their treasures by the countless
number of tourists who are always ransanlc-
ing them), but the seedlings give a far
better chance of success than any older
plants ever alTord. It seems as though these
latter were ever thinking about the great
deterioration in their circumstances which has
occurred ; whereas the others, having never known
anything better Ijy experience than some lowland
lot, take to it more easily. It needs, however, the
strength of a mountaineer and the eye of a botanist
to get hold of some of these seeds, and this happened
to be just the very time of the year when they
must be gathered in. So Correvon set out for a
couple of days' journey into the mountains, and I
went with him as far as I could go. "\\'e made for
Mauvoisin, and from thence had a climb of some
three or four hours. The path leads through some
very wild scenery to the bridge of Mauvoisin,
which spans the river Drance at a depth of about
100 feet below. It intersects the bed of a former
lake, and after crossing some moraines and the
flat lower end of the Glacier du Mont Durand,
reaches the Alp Grande Chermontane, grandly
situated at the foot of the vast Glacier d'Otemma.
At this spot my friend very much wished to
ascend Mont Avril, or, at all events, to try con-
clusions with the pass over the Col. He left me
accordingly in a very paradise of flowers at a
comparatively low elevation, and I soon lost
sight of him and of the guide as they were
hidden behind the rocks. I should think that
the parts about Mau-ioisin and Chermontanf

364

THE GJRDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Seftembeb 24, 1887.

must rank amongst the very best places in Swit-
zerland for alpine flowers, and at present they
are very little known, and are therefore left to
themselves.

£>r. Christ gives the mark of honour to the
whole region in his book, and if Zermatt and
Airolo, and some few other spots, be excepted, it
would be dillicult to find any better locality.
AVhere I was, and where I spent five hours
.".waiting M. Correvon's return, in company with
marmots, and once or twice an apparition of a
gli rious eagle over my head, I trod upon things
which I should esteem to be of priceless value else-
where. Anemone vernalis grew thickly under my
feet, Anemone baldensis was also at home in the
place ; Azalea procumbens carpeted the ground,
Gentians of different sorts were countless on every
side, Silene acaulis must have been very pretty in
early summer. Primula viscosa was no rarity at all,
Androsace obtusifolia fell into my hands, and I
cannot now remember the names of many others
— some common, like Dryas octopetala and Sol-
danellas, and others uncommon, or, at all events,
new to me — on which I feasted my eyes that day.
It should be said, of course, that the glory of
these alpine plants was in most cases over ; but it
was something to see them all growing happily
about the rooks, or in the open below them.

The best, however, of all my acquisitions were to
come to me with the return of M. Correvon from the
heights. He had come across the creme de la crcme
of all things in the way of alpine flowers — Eritrichium
nanum alone being excepted, which he did not happen
on that occasion to meet with. His eyes had been
gladdened with long stretches of Androsace glacialis,
which must have been beautiful in the extreme.
Gentiana bavarica was to be found in some spots in
abundance; G. br.achyphylla (I think it was) was
also discovered by him ; Saxifraga diapensoides was
captured; Ranunculus glacialis (which seems to be
one of the most beautiful ol alpine flowers) was very
abundant ; and he brought down many others as well,
besides being rewarded for his pains with a wliole
harvest of seeds of many different species.

SuSice it to say, we got back to the little mountain
in I in the evening, after a very long and good day.
But it puzzles me beyond measure to think how any
high-growing alpines can ever put up with our
English surroundings at all. Judging only from
what I saw the other day, and from what we all
know regarding them, I sliould have said that it would
be about as wise to try and acclimatise humming-
birds in our gardens as to try to get some of these —
the loveliest of all Flora's children — to submit to our
care. Do they spend their brief summer bathed in
continual sunshine ? Then in England, save perliaps
in one remarkable year out of forty, they may only
s?e the sun in an uncertain and intermittent way.
Is it essential to their wellbeing that a perpetual
supply of moisture be kept up for them even while
they are in the sun, while the failure of it for a single
day is said to bring death ? Then with us they are
obliged to depend on a commonplace watering-pot,
and mishaps occur with it. Do their roots run back
for a long way between the stones, so that there is no
proportion at all between the little tiny thing which
appears aboveground and the lengthened feeders
beneath it? Then with us many of these alpine plants
are nearly shorn of tlieir roots altogether, and such
a thing as Eritrichium nanum has, I expect, never
once appeared in England witli the full extent of its
vigour. Finally, do they remain quite quiet and in
darkness during long winter months, elaborating their
tissues for tlie ensuing year ? Then witli us they have
continual ups and downs — summer appears in winter
and winter appears in summer without any regulation
at all.

But happily it is certain that alpine plants, or at
any rate some of them, have a wonderful facility for
accommodating themselves to altered conditions. I do
not tiiink we shall ever manage them by a servile
attempt to provide them with the like of their own

natural homes. It is utterly beyond our power to
succeed in that way. and only constant experiment
and noticing what they like best in our hands can
give us a chance. I speak of the more difficult
things — for there ai"e many that are not exacting
at all.

As to chemical requirements they seem to me to
be perfectly inscrutable, and many of the rules that
are sometimes laid down can be defied with impunity.
I notice that Dr. Clirist, in p. .310 of his most in-
teresting and instructive book, guards us against the
idea that fixed lines can be always positively marked
out. That is just what I have thought for a very
long time. The aversions of some of tiiese alpine
plants seem, however, to be more distinct than their
loves, e.g., Androsace carnea really does hate lime,
and if the attempt be made to grow it on such soil it
will perish ; while Anemone sulphurea, which ought,
according to theory, to have calcareous soil, m.ay be
made to grow anywliere. H. EwhanJc.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM, lichb.f.

Mr. F. Sander sends me a grand branched inflor-
escence coming from Mr. R. H. Measures, The
Woodlands, Streatham. It is one of Sauderian im-
portation, and is said by Mr. Sander to be " the finest
we have seen."

Tlie flowers of the primary rachis are just as
large as those represented in the Gardeiicrs' Chronic/e,
last August 6, f. 41, where the perspective hinders a
little the judgment on the dimensions.

I have then side by side with my original sketch,
prepared September 10, at Kew, and the single
llower I obtained from the Royal Exotic Nursery.
The anterior part of the lip of Mr. R. H. Measures'
plant is yellow, while it was white in the type, and it
is called white in the noteof August Gin our columns,
p. 16S. The ujiper part is deeper blackish-purple,
at the spot where there was more mauve in the type.
This would be C. xanthoglossum.

The ground colour of the sepals and petals is by far
darker, and there are far morehieroglyphical yellow-
ish bars on them while the dark fields are shining
on the lemon colour outside in a most delicate
manner. There is a very curious contrast of mag-
nitude between the grand flowers of the main rachis
and those of the lateral rachis, these latter being
scarcely half as large as the others, and yet superior
to that typical flower at hand. An almost blackish
flower was given me lately by Mr. F. Sander, sent by
Mr. A. Wilson, Sheffield, ff. G. Hvhb.f,

Odontoglgssum Schr(eder:akum, n. sp.^
This is an unusually stately plant. It stands
between two well and widely distinct species, Odon-
toglossum Karwinski, Rchb. f., and O Ijeve, Lindl.
The growth may be that one of those species. The
first inflorescence had only three flowers, but there
can be no doubt that, after further establishment, it
will produce larger spikes — perhaps even become
panicled — in the way of Odontoglossum Karwinski.
The flower at hand matches the best Odontoglossum
Karwinski flowers. The sepals are strongly keeled
outside. Both petals and sepals are of the most
shining and pure cinnamon with some yellowish-
white markings and transverse bars and tips.
The lip with its high convex autebasilar part
is white at the base, and at the interior part it is
white too. The mid part is of the purest purple,
which looks quite admirable The column is novel
by its very developed tabula infrastigmatica,
yellow in front, bidentate under the fovea. Limbs
of fovea and very narrow wings purple. The plant
flowered under Mr. Ballantyne's excellent manage-

* Odontoglossum Schraderianum, n. s.p— AOlne Odontoglosso
Karwinski, Rchb. f, Lubello a basi humerato paulond median
constricto, subito cordato reniformi dilatato ante basin forni-
cato, carina mediana alta, carinis lateralibug utrinque ternis ;
columucfi auriculig angustissimia ; foveam cingentibua, tabula
tiifra-stigmatica valde porrecta, apice bidentata. /£. G.
Rchb./,

ment at The Dell, in the collection of Baron von
Schroder, whose name it so justly bears. It is an in-
troduction of Mr. F. Sander, and made just its debut
at the Royal Horticultural Society. //. G. Echb.f.

HuEitNiA ASPERA (iV. E. Browii), n. sp.

This is a distinct and rather odd looking species,
the habit and appearance of the stems recalling to
mind those of Echidnopsis cereiformis. It was sent
to Kew in 1886 by Sir John Kirk, and probably is
a native of the region of Zanzibar.

The succulent stems are procumbent and ascend-
ing, elongated, growing to a length of 6 to 9 inches,
and ^ inch thick, quite glabrous, very obtusely five
to six angled, with small, rigid, tooth-like, horizontal
rudimentary leaves. Cymes sessile near the base of
the young shoots, three to five (or perhaps more)
flowered. Bracts subulate. Pedicels \ — -^ inch
long, glabrous, dull purple. Calyx segments very
spreading, ^ inch long, lanceolate - acuminate,
glabrous, dull purple. Corolla campanulate, about
^ inch long and | — 1 inch in diameter ; lobes
deltoid-acuminate, with five small alternating points
in the angles between them, as in all other
members of the genus ; outside dull purple, rough
with numerous papillie ; inside uniform blackish-
purple, densely covered with pointed papilliE. Outer
corona of five short, broad, slightly emarginate, sub-
truncate lobes, of an intense blackish-crimson colour.
Inner corona of five lanceolate-subulate yellowish
lobes, scarcely longer than the anthers, and not pro-
duced into subulate points.

No other species yet described can possibly be
confused with this, the elongating procumbent stems
and concolorous flowers, rough inside and out from
being covered with papilltc, at once distinguish it.
N. E. Broivn.

AILANTUS GLANDULOSA.

So many inquiries have reached us this autumn as
to the name of this noble tree, that it is evident that,
common as it is, it is not so well known as it ought
to be. One reason why this year we have received an
unusual number of enquiries concerning it lies in
the circumstance that in many instances it has been
covered with its singular purplish-brown seed-vessels,
which have given it a most attractive appearance
(see fig. 76). As the male flowers are but rarely
produced, the seed-vessels contain no ripe seed. This
general absence of male flowers our American
cousins tell us is an advantage, for one drawback to
this tree is said to be the offensive perfume of the
male flowers. As a town tree it has few rivals ; it
grows freely, looks nobly, gives full shade, and
although the young shoots are spring-tender, that
fact only serves to keep the tree within bounds
without the use of the pruning-knife. It suckers
freely, but we have never known this an objection in
streets where the pavement or the wheel traffic pre-
vent obtrusive suckers from making their appearance.

Another peculiarity of this tree consists in the
long time it will retain its vitality. We have had a
striking evidence of this in our own experience. A
tree of this species, growing too rapidly and be-
coming too large for the limited space in which it
was growing, was cut down, the stump being left in
the ground below the surface. Several years elapsed
during which nothing was seen of the tree,
although, from the situation and the daily traffic
it must have been visible had it sent up shoots
from the old and now buried stump. But after
several years— ten at least, perhaps fifteen — suckers
were observed coming up in a gravel path adjacent,
and which, being traced, were found to issue from
the old stump. The suckers were removed, and the
next year erect shoots were sent up from the stock.
So much for its vitality. Another point of interest
is that it will sometimes send up a flowering shoot
from the suckers, as happened at Oxford many years
since. On this sucker not only flowers, but leaves
of the simple type were produced, giving colour to
the notion that plants with compound foliage origin-
ated from those with simple leaves. The peculiar

Septembek 24, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' CHBONICLE.

365

twist in the seed-vessel, recalling that in tlie blades
of a screw propeller, is doubtless connected with the
dispersion of tlie seed. The tree is a native of North-
ern China, where it is stated it is called the Tree of
Heaven. It is nearly allied to the Rhus genus
(Sumac), but its foliage does not turn of so ricli a
colour in autumn. Of its use as a timber tree we
can say nothing, but we can hardly say too mucli
for it as an ornamental tree, and as one that bears
the smoke of towns as well as the Plane itself.

WI S LE y.

The experimental g.Trden at Wislev,which is situated
about five miles from ^yeybridge, has been recently
noticed in your columns, but so varied are its con-
tents that repeated notices are never superfluous.
The garden itself is a masterpiece of variety, repre-
senting almost every conceivable aspect. In some
parts there is a black peaty soil, rich in vegetable
matter, and eminentlv suited for herbaceous and

borders, and, as Addison has said, " it runs into the
beautiful wildness of Nature without affecting the
nicer elegancies of Art.'" Mr. Wilson has had the
good taste to leave the surroundings much as he
found them at starting, and in our opinion this is
just wherein the cliarm lies, assisting Nature
by the addition of rare and beautiful plants
from other countries. Every point of vantage is
taken np, and so far every plant appears in its riglit
place; a small piece of rockwork jutting out natur-
ally from the hillside here, a sharp slope or a mound
there, while in the valley there is ample room for the
damper or marsh-loving plants. As Mr. Wilson says
wlien explaining the details of his plan, " I am only
building the house yet : wlien that is done, I will
begin to furnish it. We hardly know what inter-
pretation to put on the latter sentence, as the collec-
tion of alpines. Ferns, and flowering shrubs is already
a very rich one.

Lilies, of course, are eveiywhere to be seen, the
auratums being particularly healthy and strong,

headway. The beds are used exclusively for raising
seeds tliat ripen in the garden, each variety being
separated by stones the size of an egg placed across
the bed, and these also ensure safety from wash after
heavy rains, &c. Without the slightest covering and
very little attention seedlings of all kinds were
coming up by the thousand — Gentians, Primulas,
Aquilegias, Delphiniums, alpine Anemones, Dianthus,
and many rarer plants. The precaution is taken to
sow these seeds as soon as they are gathered, and
it is surprising to see the results that can be obtained
without the aid of glass at all. The hedges, which
afford a means of sliolter as well as tlieir usefulness
in dividing the ground, are very novel indeed. The
groundwork consists of hurdles, and among whicli
is plaited a good thickness of dried Gorse.
Clematis, Koses, &c., ai"e liberally planted, and these
are destined eventually to clotlie and make beautiful
the less attractive covering. A very pretty hedge was
formed of the double ])ink Bramble, with Clematis
campaniflora twining in the wildest profusion

ivr^) \

Fig. 7G. — AILASTCS GLASDtJLOSA : LOFTY DECIDrOUS TREE; FOI.UGE AND SEED-VESSEL MUCH HEDUCED. (SEE P. 364.)

alpine plants, there is also ample accommodation for
both water and marsh loving plants. Shade and sun-
shine, shelter natural and artificial, and exposure for
those subjects that require it, render the Wisley
garden one of great importance as an experimental
ground, and the results will be noted by cultivators
with interest as the whole plan gradually developes
itself. Here, in the midst of a wild of heath and wood-
land, are some of the very rarest of our alpine gems.
Many considered difficult to grow, or even establish, are
here healthy and luxuriant, calling forth the envy of
those wlio have failed, and raising a hope that In-
imitating the conditions found successful here. &c..
others may also be able to show them at tlieir
best. Omphalodes Lucilire we may mention here as a
notable instance of this. It was planted three years
ago on a stony bed with full exposure to the sun.
and it is now so thoroughly established that the bed
is strewn with seedlings 2 or 3 feet from the
parent plant, and quite as vigorous, with leaves as
glaucous as could be found in its native home. To
the artistic mind, however, the great point about the
Wisley garden is its naturalness ; nowhere is the eye
oppressed with straight lines and faultlessly trim

notwithstanding the severe drought of the past
summer, and the fact of their never having been
watered throughout tiie season. Those on the slope
fully exposed are not so robust as those with the
kindly shelter of the wood, but in both places they
are flowering well, many'of the smaller bulbs flower-
ing with stems not more tlian a foot high. L. Hum-
boldtii, canadense, 10 feet high, and many others are
grown in quantity in the open spaces of the wood,
and the rare L. polyphyllum thoroughly established
on a mound close by surrounded by Camellias of all
kinds, and many of the very choicest of our Hima-
layan Rhododendrons with which an experiment is
being carried out of gi-eat interest to cultivators.
A house has been devoted to their culture in
pots, and these are grown against those in the air,
the annual results being recorded in a book kept
for the purpose. Experiments with many other
plants are being carried on in the same way, notably
Cistnses and New Zealand Veronicas, &c. Tlie seed
beds are a great source of interest here on tlie slopes ;
they are formed of narrow strips, sheltered on all
sides by fences of dried Gorse, and over which
Clematis, Koses, and other climbers are making

through it. Near to this, and under the shelter of
the wood, the liardy Ferns are pictures of health
and vigour — a couple of yards of the Parsley Fern
( AUosorus crispus), tliick with spore fronds ; a
fine piece of the Hypolepis millefolium, and
many others, both British and North American.
Meconopsis nepalensis has its home here, and will
soon be a beautiful troublesome weed. Gentiana
septemfida grows vigorously, many were in full flower
in the seed beds, as well as G. acaulis — a clump of
this, a yard wide, was so full of flower as to hide the
leaves, growing and seeding all over the hard gravel
path. The ponds are very attractive with Water
Lilies, Aponogeton distachyon, the finer Rushes,
Villarsia nymphajoides, taking up about half of the
largest one, and covering it with its pretty fringed
yellow flowers. Around the margins Droseras, Pin-
guiculas, Sarracenias, Dionita JIuscipula. and other
attractive plants close to the water ; while in the back-
ground, and well np the slopes, the numerous varie-
ties of Iris Kiempferi were in fine condition. Against
these, growing in the damp, some were tried in a
perfectly dry spot, but in tlie sliade ; and although not
80 vigorous, the flowers were equally large, and as

3G6

THE GA nDENEB S' CHl? ONI CL E.

[Septejiber 24, 1887.

brilliantly coloured. Mention must not be omitted
of Epigjea repens, which grows here in the wood
amongst the lanky grass quite at home — so much,
indeed, was it covered with other vegetation that we
were some time in finding it, but on clearing away
the grass, &c., the healthy green leaves and robust
growth told a talc of their own. Ferns and Prim-
roses of the dcnticulivta section thrive beneath the
shelter of a hedge, on the slope of a bank bounding
a ditch, where they seem to get all they want —
shelter, sufficiency of light, and moisture.

To notice everything as it/Teserves would be quite
impracticable here ; suffice it to say that a visit to
Wislpy buoys one up with the assurance that there is
a great future for hardy plants, if cultivators can only
be induced to follow in the footsteps of the pioneer at
Wislev. D.

KEW NOTES.

TflR5iivALi.\ Ei.EOANs, Hort. {— Polvscias panicu-
lata, Baker). — Although the plant known in
gardens under tlie former name has been with
us over ten years it has not yet flowered. It
has no more to do with the genus Terminalia
th.in with a Cabbage, true Terminalias being
members of the Combretum family, whilst this
spurious one is related to the Ivies and Aralias. In
the hope of finding the true name of this plant I
searched through the Araliads in the Kew Herbarium,
and found a specimen of Pol3'scias paniculata which
fitted it in every detail of leaf character. No doubt
some of our Mauritian friends will be able to verify
or correct me if I am wrong in referring T. elegaiis
to this Polvscias, which is a native of Mauritius,
and is thus described by Baker in the Flora of Mau-
ritius and the Scijchellcs : — P. paniculata, an erect
glabrous shrub with stout terete branches ; leaves
pinnate, leaflets usually seven, terminal leaflet 7 — 9
inches long, others short-stalked, oblong, obtuse,
shining, subcoriaceous, deltoid or rather rouuded at
the base, 4 — 6 inches long. Making allowances for
the differences between dried leaves and fresh ones,
this description fits the Terminalia elegans very
well.

r>o

SIJtPLIClFOLIA.

This delicate species is now grow'ing well in one
of the private greenhouses at Kew. It is jilanted in
a raised border where Cape bulbs are cultivated, and
so far the conditions have agreed with it, for it has
made excellent growth. Two ]dants, raised from
seeds collected by Aitchison in Afghanistan, were
placed in this border in spring, one in peat, the other
in rich loam The latter has done well, but that in
peat — the soil recommended for this species — has
made very weak growth, and is a failure. W.

Cali-iandra tekgemina.
This is a handsome stove plant, and deserves to
be better known than it is. In the Palm-house at
Kew it is alw.ays attractive, its graceful, pinnate,
grey-green foliage, the elegance of the thin zig-zag
branches, and the beautiful brown tint of the young
leaves, being in themselves good enough for a stove
collection. To these attractions, however, must be
added the beauty of the flowers, which are arranged
in erect globose heads, and in which the conspicuous
parts are the long filaments of the stamens, white,
except the upper part, which is red. The Kew plant
is now bearing a gi'eat number of these pretty flower-
heads, and looks very fine. Of course there are Cal-
liandras, which in flower-attractions surpass the
above— as, for instance, C. Tweedei, which looked
like a fire-bush when in flower at Kew a few months
ago ; still the foliage together with the flowers of C.
tergeraina make it deserving of as high a place
among garden plants as any in the genus. W,

IIelicteres Isoha.
Although not in any way ornamental, this store
«hrub is interesting on account of its curious fruits,
which are composed of five carpels twisted together
in a screw-like manner, whence the name Twisted-
Bticlc, or Twisted-hoin, by which the plant in known

in Southern India, where it is a native. A specimen
about 6 feet high is now in flower in the Palm-house
at Kew. The flowers are in little axillary clusters,
and are composed of five petals coloured deep red ;
the calyx is a green two-lobed tube. The jilant, when
not in flower, might easily be mistaken for a Hibiscus.
A batch of small plants, raised from cuttings taken
from the large specimen, and rooted last spring, are
also in flower, and a few days ago we were surprised
to find on each branch in the topmost flowering axil
a perfectly fresh flower of a dull grey-greeu colour,
which could only be accounted for by attributing it
to the efiects of tobacco-fumigation, the house where
the plants stood having been fumigate*! a day or so
before the green flowers were seen. W.

ArISTOI.OCHIA TBIC.IUDATA.

The flowers of this Aristolochia are as strange
as those of any Masdevallia, and it is altogether a
most interesting and attractive stove plant. There
is a specimen of it now flowering in the Victoria
Lily-house at Kew. It is a branched shrub, 3 feet
high, with large leathery oval leaves, from the axils
of which the flowers spring. There were thirty-two
flowers expanded on Saturday last, as well as a great
number of buds yet to open. The flower consists of
calyx only, with the usual Dutchman's-pipe-like
infl.ition and twist, the limb three-lobed, and g.aping
2 inches wide, each lobe lengthened out and nar-
rowed to a string-like appendage 5 inches long. The
colour is deep chocolate, with a tinge of purple. By
the side of A. elegans, the gem of the genus, the
above species would not be considered pretty, but it
is nevertheless an exceptionally strange-looking
plant, even for an Aristolochia. A. hiaus, A. bra-
siliensis (ornithocephala), A. fimbri.ita, A. trilob.ata,
and several others, arc also in flower now in the
houses at Kew. \V,

NVMPII.EA KEWENSIS X .

This is the result of crossing N. devoniensis with
N. Lotus, and it is distinct enough from both parents to
deserve a name. The former has rosy-red flowers with
long pointed petals, and is a magnificent Water Lily ;
the latter, which bore the seeds, is a very barge white-
flowered kind with broad blunt petals. N. kewensis X
inherits the broad rounded petals of N. Lotus and the
brilliant colour of N. devoniensis, whilst in the size
of the flowers it is even larger than the latter. It
was raised at Kew two years .ago, and is now one of
the most attractive of the Nymplu'cas flowcrin" in
the collection there.

NvJIPH.EA TtlBEKOSA VAE, FLAVESCENS

is the name suggested by Professor Oliver for the
yellow-flowered \yRter Lily recently noted .as a new
kind in flower at Kew. Whatever Jlons. Jlarliac
claims to have done to obtain this beautiful Nvm-
ph.Ta it is cert.ain that so far as floral and leaf
characters go it resembles very closely the plant
■which was figured in the Botanical Magazine in 1881
(t. 6536) asN. tuberosa. The characters of this are
shortly as follows : — Rhizome long, stout, succulent,
producing numerous ovoid tubers ; leaves as in N.
alba, sometimes purjilish on the under side, dark
shining green above ; flowers 4 — 6 inches across,
petals in several series, stamens gradually passing
into petals ; colour of petals cre.amy-white, of sta-
mens briglit yellow. The new variety raised by Jlons.
Marliac dift'ers from the above in having the leaves
blotched and marbled with purple underneatli instead
of being wholly purple, and in the petals being
of a soft canary-yellow colour. It is a very
beautiful Water Lily, and we may hojie to be able to
grow it out-of-doors. I believe Mr. Robinson has
a healthy plant of it growing and flowering outside
in his garden. There is very little difl^erence
between N. alba, N. odorata and N. tuberosa — not
nearly as much as between some of the numerous
varieties of N. stellata. T.

HirilSCDS CISPI.AT,V\-OS.

A species with ovate-acuminate leaves, showing
a tendency towards trilobation. The calyx is bell-
ehaped, surrounded by an involucre of numerous

linear bracts. The corolla is about 2| inches across,
of five overlapping petals, of a lovely pale rosy-lilac
colour. The stigmas are of a brown-purple colour
and velvetty texture. This xtry beautiful plant is
now in l)looni in the Temperate-house at Kew.

IIlDISCUS COCCINEUS.

A tail growing species, with palmate, deeply
divided leaves, segments linear lanceolate. The
calyx is deeply divided, and surrounded by an
involucre of linear bracts. The corolla is 3—4
inches across, of five obovate distant petals of a
rich crimson. It is now in bloom in the Temperate-
house at Ivcw.

Cultural Memoranda.

IIELIAXTIIUS RIGIDUS.

No other plant in this justly popular genus can
in our opinion, at all compare in elegance of habit
and beauty of flower to the Sunflower grown in most
gardens under the name of Harpaliura rigidum. It
appears to be very variable, and at present we possess
no less than four distinct varieties, one, and the
earliest of all to flower, we saw lately shown under
the name of H. japonicus, a very misleading name,
as no Sunflower is known to come from either Japan
or China. As a variety, however, it is quite distinct,
and notable for its cai-Iy flowering habit. The
second to flower is much dwarfer than the above,
with smaller flowers and shorter broader leaves.
This we find very useful for the rock garden, where,
if planted in a good pocket, it does not become in the
least troublesome by overgrowth. They are easily
increased by severing the runners from the main
clump; these will be found to h.ave formed small
tuber-like roots, covered with fibres, and soon estab-
lish themselves if planted in good soil. D.

Hl'JIEA EtEGAKS.

When Well gi'own, the .above Australian ]ilant is a
subject which alw.ays claims admiration by virtue of
its beauty and intrinsic merit. Evei'y gardener,
from a boy upwards, will have a liking for it, yet it
is seldom now met with in gardens.

Years .ago I remember seeing plants in 14-inch
pots from 7 to 8 feet high, and between 4 and 5 feet
through at the base. A specimen of this sort needs
no portraiture; it is a subject of beauty and joy
to look al ; indeed, it m,ay be called a veritable
fountain of flowery sprays ; and to those who are
wishful to preserve .and to add to the interest
and variety of their garden this is a plant which
will well repay the little labour and time expended
on its growth.

I'or a circular bed with a carpeting of Cerastium
tomentosum, or Mangles' Pel.argonium, the Humea
gives a most pleasing and charming effect. It is also
very pretty as a centre for a circular bed ; and I have
seen it planted in the turf at a distance of 5 or 6
yards apart, by the margins of walks, with good etlect ;
and as a pot-)ilant for the terrace or the conservatory
it has few if any rivals for three months in the

When planted in beds or borders out-of-doors it
must have rich soil to grow in, or the result will be
disappointing; .and the plants should be strong, and
about 3 or 4 feet high at ])lanting time, which must
be as soon as all danger of frost has passed away —
say the first week in June. Before planting the plant
should receive a good soaking of water, and immedi-
ately it is planted it should be secured to a strong
stake, and a small ridge of soil should be formed round
the neck of the plantthe size of the ball, sothatwhen
it is next watered the water will penetrate the ball,
instead of p.assing away by its side, as it otherwise
would do, without benefiting the plant. This is the
chief cause of so many plants dying away so mys-
teriously immedi.ately after planting. When the
plants liave rooted into the border or bed they will
not require so much water ; although if growing
vigorously an occatioual ajiidication of weak liquid-

SSPTEMBEK -24, 1887.]

THE GABDENEl^S' CRRONICLE.

^6^

manure will be beneficial. When once well in
flower they will require no further watering. This
refers to plants in borders.

The most important point in connection with the
successful growth of this plant, in my opinion, is to
procure good fresh seed. Old seed is worse than
useless; it is so much time thrown away, in addition
to the annoyance of being disappointed, as they will
not grow. Tlie best time to sow the seed is the
middle of May. It should be sown on the surface of
very fine sandy soil, previously watered through a
fine rose pot. After the seed is sown, a slight cover-
ing of moss should be placed over it, and a piece of
glass over this, and the pots placed in a moist tem-
perate atmosphere.

The seedlings should be up in ten days or a fort-
night, when more light and air must be admitted,
and the plants brought nearer the glass ; care must,
however, be exercised not to expose them to too
strong a light at first. As soon as large enough to
handle they should be pricked out into pans or boxes,
and the next shift should be, as soon as the plants
are large enough, into 6-inch pots. They should be
grown in an airy house or pit ; and if the weather is
at all bright they prefer slight shade to direct sun-
shine.

Presuming the plants have succeeded well so
far, they will be ready for their final shift about the
end of August ; those which are intended for plant-
ing out in borders, into 9 or 10-inch pots, and those
which are intended to bloom in pots into 12 or
14-iuch pots, according to the strength and size of
the plant. The pot should only be half filled with
soil, reserving the other portion of space for top-
dressing in spring, when some of the bottom leaves
will have faded away.

If wintered in a temperature of 45° or 50° they
will grow slowly most of the winter, and when spring
arrives they sliould be in excellent condition for
starting into vigorous growth, which should be
encouraged by top-dressings at the roots, a little at
a time, as fast as they appear on the surface.

The compost which suits them best is one-half
good turfy loam, one-fourth dried cow, sheep, or
deer manure, and one- fourth peat, a sprinkling of
gritty sand and charcoal dust, and a fair amount of
drainage, not too many crocks. The plant should
not be syringed overhead, and must at all times
have careful attention as to watering. T. C.

CONSTITUENTS OF EAIN,
DRAINAGE, AND WELL WATERS.

{Continued from p. 103.)

Drainage "Water from Cropped Land. — In con-
tinuation of this subject Mr. AVarington states that
by far the larger portion of the land forming drainage
areas is covered either continuously, or at certain
seasons of the year, by some natural or artificial
vegetation.

Amount of Dhainage.

The first indtience of vegetation upon drainage
which is noticed is that it greatly diminishes the
proportion of rain percolating through the soil, by
increasing the amount of evaporation from the
surface. Tlie increase in the amount of evapora-
tion is principally confined to the growing period of
vegetation, and is determined by the transpiration of
water through the plant. The more vigorous the
growth of a plant the larger will be the quantity of
water which it transpires. In the case of a soil
bearing a vigorous crop drainage is in our climate
entirely suspended during summer, unless the rain-
fall is unusually heavy and continuous. In some
turfed drain-gauges of Mr. Greaves' at Lea Bridge,
on an average of fourteen years, 1860 — 1873, with a
rainfall of 25"72 inches, the drainage during the
summer six months was 0'73 inch, or 97 per cent. ;
and in the winter six months, 6S5 inches, or 9:3"3
per cent.

A further illustration of the distribution of the
drainage from cropped land throughout the year is
afforded by the number of runnings of the drain-

pipes in an experimental field at Rothamsted, where
Wheat has been grown continuously since 1843-4.

Each plot is provided with a drain-pipe 2—3 feet
below the surface. The ends of these drain-pipes
are uncovered, their runnings are recorded, and
during the last eight years the drainage waters have
been systematically analysed. The total daily
runnings of the drain-pipes of two plots in each
month during twenty years, 1867—86, are given in
the following table. One of these plots is perma-
nently unmanured, the other receives a complete
manuring. The spring, summer, and early autumn
runnings of the drain-jtipes are fewest on the plot
which bears the highest crop, and therefore evapo-
rates the largest quantity of water.

Average Produce of Ticj Plotx in the Sothimsted Experi-
mental Wheat-field, with thr. Total DaiU/ Hitmiings cf the
Drainpipes of these Plots ilnrinff Twenty Years, lt;67 —
1SS6 :—

Plots 3 and i.
riimanureil.

Plot 7.
Manure.!.

Total protluce perncre: a^■cr-
nge of twenty years

1713 lb.

.131.5 lb.

Runnings of drahi-pipes :—

March

18

It

April

17

l.j

May

14

11

June

14

8

July

9

5

August

6

6

September

8

5

October

3o

26

November

59

S3

December

63

61

January

61

6,;

February

43

4.j

March— September

Sli

61

October— February

257

254

■Whole Year

313

3IS

A further result of the greater evaporation from a
cropped soil during summer is that the winter drain-
age commences at a later period.

Composition of the Drainage from Wheat Land.

As the presence of vegetation greatly increases the
amount of evaporation from the land, it would deter-
mine a greater degree of concentration in the
drainage water if none of the constituents dissolved
in the water were removed by the growing vegeta-
tion. Both of the constituents, however, to rt'hich
our attention is directed by this report — the chlorides
and the nitrates— are freely taken up by plants.
The absorption of the first is to some extent limited,
for, as it is not deposited in the plant tissues, tlie
proportion of chlorides in the sap soon becomes
greater than in the solution surrounding the roots,
and then, as far as the oppration of diffusion is con-
cerned, the tendency will rather be for chlorides to
leave the plant than to enter it. In the case of the
nitrates, however, there is a rapid assimilation of
the nitrogen after the entrance of the nitrates into
the plant, and while this action continues the ab-
sorption of nitrates through the roots proceeds with-
out check.

Looking first at the average composition of the
drainage water from the unmanured Wheat land, we
see that during eight years the average proportion of
chlorine has been six per million. Also that the
chlorine in the drainage has increased under the
influence of a crop, while the nitrates have con-
siderably diminished. The drainage water from the
uncropped land contained an average of 107 per
million of nitrogen as nitrates; in the drainage
water from the unmanured Wheat land the average
is only 3"4 per million. With average soils, richer in
nitrogen, the proportion of nitrates in the drainage
water would be increased. The average amount of
nitrates in the drainage water should be less from
land carrying fodder or root crops in the autumn
months than from land growing cereals, and still
less in the case of land carrying permanent pasture,

The Well Waters of Haupenden.

The well-waters, which form the subject of this
report, occur in or near the village of Harpenden,
about 25 miles from London, and within a short
distance of the raiu and drain gauges, and the expe-
rimental Wheat field at Rothamsted, the character
of the waters from which have alieady been con-
sidered. The village occupies a small valley. The
centre of the village is about 344 feet above t!ie level
of the sea ; the high ground on the west, or Rotham-
sted side, rises to about 430 feet, and that on the
cast to 415 feet. The soil in the valley is more or
less gravelly ; on the hills, on each side, the surface-
soil is clay mixed with flints. Below the surface-
soil comes in every case the chalk ; this is in some
places quite near the surface, and in other cases as
much as 25 feet below. All the wells are sunk into
the chalk.

The height of the water in the wells is, of course,
subject to variation at different times of the year,
but it may be generally stated that in the centre of
the village the water-level is rather less than 60 feet
below the surface. The waters of about thirty wells,
in or near the village of Harpenden, have been'
examined, which has been continued in the Rotham-
sted laboratory during two years.

1. Tiic general conclusions are that the deep well9_
in the chalk at Harpenden derive their main supply
from an underground flow of water, shown by the
gradient of the water-level to proceed from north-west
to south-east. Each well receives besides a certain
amount of local drainage.

2. The proportion of chlorine in the purest wells.
at Harpenden is about eleven per million of water^
In such well-waters the amount of chlorine does not
sensibly vary throughout the year.

3. Well-waters sufliering little from sewage con-.
tamination will contain, after long dry weather, no
more tlian the minimum proportion of chlorine.

4. Wells with much sewage in the surrounding
soil may show the commencement of a rise in
chlorides one or two months after active autumn,
drainage has commenced, and two months before the
water-level in the well begins to rise. A large rain-
fall in any month does not affect the chlorides in the
well-waterbeforethe following month. The maximum
of chlorides in contaminated waters occurs after the
end of the drainage season, usually in March or'
April. The minimum of chlorides is usually in Sep-
tember or October, and is about 4'4 parts per
million.

5. The proportion of nitrates to chlorides in dif-
ferent well-waters varies considerably. The sewage
of a poorly-fed population yields a high proportion
of chlorides to nitrates. Stable sewage furnishes
apparently a high proportion of nitrates to chlorides.
The old sewage contamination of deep wells is
generally more or less chlorinous, chlorides being
more permanent than nitrates.

6. The well-waters of Harpenden contain the
nitrifying organism in small proportion ; it is prob-
ably derived from surface-soil which has fallen in.

7. In the pure well-water the sulphuric acid ia
scarcely in larger proportion than in the rain ; a
considerable part of the sulphuric acid in the rain
has thus been retained by soil or plant.

8. In the contaminated waters the quantity of
silica is not increased, and the quantity of carbonates
but little increased. Lime is considerably increased,
and magnesia still more. Sulphates are very largely
increased.

9. On comparing the low proportion of chlorine
found in the pure chalk waters of Harpenden, near
the edge of the London basin, with the amount found
in other chalk waters — and especially with the chalk
waters beneath the London clay — and considering
further the proportion of chlorides which can possibly
be contributed by rain, it appears highly probable
that a portion of the chlorides in chalk-water, and
probably in the water of other strata, is derived from
a residue of sea salt remaining in the rock.

10. Numerous analyses made by Professor Frank-
land of nncontaminated spring and deep well waters
from various permeable formations in England, con-

368

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[SEPTEStBEH H, 1887.

firm the general idea obtained from the analysis of
the Eothamsted drainage-waters as to the average
proportion of nitrates present in the drainage from
cultivated land. The results of these analyses point
to 3'8 per million as a probable average proportion of
nitrogen as nitrates in drainage-waters, and 10'5 of
chlorine per million.

The average loss of nitrogen to the soil by drain-
age is thus about 086 lb. per inch of drainage, or
probably 7 lb. per acre per annum. John J. Willis,
Harpruilrn.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

CALAXTHE NATALEX8I8.
A VEnv handsome Calanthe, and one which pos-
sesses the merit of flowering at a time when many
species are getting over. The long erect racemes
bear a large number of lilac-coloured flowers, of a
deep shade when the flowers first open, but the
segments becoming much paler with age, and the
lip changing to a peculiar light red, which gives the
flower a very singular appearance. The change of
colour is remarkable, tliough in the allied species, C.
sylvatica, from Bourbon and Mauritius, the flowers
are said to be white when first opening, but after-
wards to change to yellow without fading, "so that
the upper part of the long spike is pure white, the
lowest very yellow, the middle of a delicate cream."
However this may be, it is certain that in C.
natalensis the lip is of the same colour as the seg-
ment when the flowers open, a peculiarity well
r -'presented in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6844, where
the plant is figured. It is there stated that it is
"apparently a common and certainly a variable
plant in various places of Eastern South Africa, from
Natal itself, where Mr. Sanderson and others have
found it in the bush swamp at the head of the bay,
to boggy hills in the interior ascending to 2000 feet ;
and Mr. Bolus sends specimens from the Perie
forest, near King William's Town." It is now
flowering at Kew.

L.ELIA CKISPA.

This fine old species, which as often as not goes
under the name of Cattleya crispa. is one of the
most effective plants at the present time, and is thus
additionally valuable when so many others are getting
over. The large and many-flowered racemes of
white flowers, with the richly-coloured and beautifully
undulate lip, give the plant a very handsome appear-
ance. It is a native of Brazil, and appears to liave
been first introduced to our gardens in 1826 by Sir
Henry Chamberlayne. R, A, H,

THE

INFLUENCE OF

ON STOCK.

SCION

The influence of stock on scion, and of scion on
stock, have supplied materials for an extensive mass
of literature. Characteristic illustrations, however
are less abundant, on which account we avail our-
selves of the opportunity afforded to us by the kind-
ness of Mr. George Swailes, of Beverley, of illus-
trating a case wherein the contagion of variegation,
as our late friend Prof. G. Morren called it, is mani-
fest (seel, fig. 77). In this case a'green-leaved Elm
of the campestris section furnished the stock on
which was emplanted a scion of the golden varie-
gated variety known as Ulmus campestris Van Hontte,
the leaves of which are shown on the [right-hand side
of the cut (2,jfig. 77). The graft was successful, and
some time afterwards, a shoot with leaves partly
green, partly golden issued from the stock below
the gi'aft, as shown at ", in fig. 77.

A summary of our knowledge on this point is
given in Burbidge's Cultivated Plants, a book we
should like all young gardeners to be tlioroughly well
versed in. Danvin, in his Animals anil Plants under
Dotmsticalion, also mentions numerous similar cases,
the most generally known being that cited by
Bradley, in which the stock of a Jasmine threw out

variegated shoots after having been budded or grafted
with a variegated scion. In former days, when fluids
only were supposed to pass by endosmosis from one
closed cell to another, the difficulty of accounting for
such phenomena was greater than it is now, when we
know that not only liquids pass eudosmotically from
cell to cell, but that the jirotoplasm itself in some
cases at least, passes through minute apertures from
cell to cell, thus establishing the "continuity of
protoplasm."

"THE BOT.A.NICAL MAGAZINE."

(C'ontinttcd from p. 246-.)

Cheirostejion (The H.vnd Plant). — It is now-
close upon three hundred years since Francisco
Hernandez, a Spaniard, made known to Euro-
jieans the wondrous floral productions of, Mexico ;
including this, some of the more famous Orchids,
Tigridia, and a host of others.* As may be
imagined, the writings of this author excited much
curiosity, but it was long before this curiosity ^yas
satisfied. However, quite early in the present century
it was cultivated at Paris and Montpellier ; and Lam-
bert appears to have soon introduced into this country,
though it is not included in the second edition of
Alton's Hortiis Keiecnsis. In 1859 it had long been
cultivated at Kew, but it had never shown any dispo-
sition to flower. Charles Dorrien, of Ashdean, was
more fortunate ; and it was he who supplied the fine
flowers from which the drawing for the Magazine
was made. On the Continent flowers first appeared
in 1850; but the tree very rarely flowers under cul-
tivation, and the JIagazine figure is the only good
coloured one.

Grammatophyllum speciosum (pi. 5157) is a
striking and gigantic Malayan Orchid, with stems
10 feet high and flower-scapes 0 feet high,
bearing numerous yellow flowers spotted with
brown and 6 inches across. The beautifully and
often richly coloured Caladiums were heralded by C.
bicolor var. Neumannii (pi. 5199), and C. bicolor
var. Chantinii (pi. 5255). Malortica gracilis (pi. 5291)
is another of the numerous elegant dwarf Palms of
Central America. At this date (1862), however,
Palms had not yet become popular in England.
Plate 5319 represents Anthurium Scherzerianum as
it first flowered at Kew in 1862, with spathes only
an inch long, and furnishes a noteworthy instance of
what has been subsequently effected by high culture.
Grasses present great variety, yet I remember none
so anomalous in aspect as the Brazilian Anomochloa
marantoidea (pi. 5331), which more nearly resembles
})lants of the order indicated by the specific name.
Lilium auratum (pi. 5338) created prob.ably a greater
sensation in the gardening world than any other of
the numerous introductions of the late John Gould
Veitch, and in a great measure reinstated the genus
in public favour, and led to the great results that
have followed. Berberidopsis corallina (pi. 5343), a
very beautiful Chilian shrub, has not, so far as I am
aware, from some cause, fulfilled expectations to
which it gave rise. Calanthe Veilchii X (pi. 5375), a
hybrid between Calanthe vestita (pi. 4671) and
Limatodes rosea (pi. 5312), claims our attention, not
for its beauty alone, but also as being the first of
Dominy's hybrid Orchids of which a coloured plate
has been published. His first hybrid, Calanthe
Dominii, was described by Lindley in 1858.t Lewisia
rediviva (pi. 5395), a showy member of the Portu-
laceie, and a native of North-West America, bears a
very ap)>ropriate specific name. I well remember
the history of the plant figured. It was collected by
Dr. Lyell, who was attached to the Boundary Com-
mission in British Columbia, and after having been im-
mersed in boiling water on account of its well-known
tenacity of life, it was dried for a herbarium speci-
men. More than a year and a half later, when Dr.
l.ycll lirought his collections to Kew, the plant still
showed symptoms of vitality, and was therefore

** Described and figurej in a Spanish work entitled ; " Quatro
Libros de la Naturaleza y Virtudea de las Planta.s y Auimales,
que eat^n recevidos en el uso de Medccina en la Nueva-Espafia,
publicado cu Mejico por Ximcncz en el aRo 161.5."

t See Gardeners' Ctironicle, 1?.58. p. 4.

transferred to the garden, where it speedily produced
flowers.

Bowenia spectabilis (pi. .5398). a native of Eastern
Australia, is a remarkable member of a curious
family, whicli finds a counterpart in the equally sin-
gular South African Stangeria paradoxa (pi. 5121)'
Adenium obesum (pi. 5418), Vitis Bainesii (pi.
5472), and Vitis macropns (pi. 5479), are charac-
teristic examples of the vegetation of the dry regions
of Tropical Africa. Ilelichrysum Mannii (pi. 5431)
is a handsome plant, which serves to record the
excellent services to botany in Western Tropical
Africa by Gustav JIann, who, with Sir John
Kii'k, is one of the few botanical explorei-s of Tro-
pical Africa who have long survived their labours.
Among the numerous " everlasting" flowers of Aus-
tralia. Waitzia corymbosa (pi. 5443) is one of the
prettiest and most variable, and may liave a future
in our gardens. It was raised by Mr. W. Thomp-
son, of Ipswich, to whom we are indebted for an
immense number of hardy plants, and such as can
be cultivated in the open ground in summer. Of
the splendid Renauthera Eowii (pi. 5475) it is said
that no more remarkable plant is to be found in the
vast and varied tribe to which it belongs. The
great ])eculiarity of it is that it constantly pro-
duces two distinct kinds of flower, the lowest
pair on the spike being quite differently coloured
from all the rest. I shall bring this revie\y to an end
with Veronica Hulkeana (pi. 5484), a native of New
Zealand, where the genus has reached a greater
development than in any other part of its very wide
area of distribution.

Notable Events in Gardening.

From 1827 to 1864 is a long and anjeventful period
in flower gardening, and many interesting and im-
portant occurrences and changes cannot even claim
a mention in this sketch ; yet there are some things
so inseparably connected with the subject that ought
not to be passed over altogether. The late Jlr.
George Bentham was so exclusively a botanist
during the twenty-five years that I knew him that
I had almost forgotten his connection with the Hor-
ticultural Society, whose continued existence is
again looking precarious. Bentham became Secre-
tary to the Society in 1829, " at a period when by
increasing wasteful expenditure it was reduced to a
very low ebb ; " and he held tliis post until 1840,
when the Society had regained its former prosperous
condition. During this decade Hartweg, Douglas,
and other collectors, had introduced an enormous
number of plants under the Society's auspices, and
Bentham was specially active in describing the
novelties, both in the Society's publications and in an
independent work entitled Plantis Hartwerjiana. In
1832 the renowned Chiswick fetes were instituted,
at the first of which 170(.) people were present.
Flower shows on so magnificent a scale had never
been held, and they were rich beyond anything we
see now in hard-wooded plants ; while florists'
varieties of Pelargonium, Fuchsia, Rosa, Dahlia, and
of many other genera, were multiplied and improved
fi-om season to season.

In 1851 Paxton's wonderful conce])tion of glass
and iron rose in Hyde Park, and still exists, |though
unfortun.ately in dire straits, in a modified form at
Sydenham, as a monument to the genius and skill of
one of whom the craft are all .justly proud.

About the year 1800 innovations in the old stfle
of mixed bedding of plants began, and " ribbon
borders " and " carpet bedding " succeeded, and soon
almost entirely displaced everything else, with the
results that many old favourite hardy herbaceous,
perennial and annual plants were banished, and soon
lost to cultivation.

In August, 1865, Sir William Hooker was attacked
by a disease in the throat, following on a cold caught
at Clapham Junction, to which he soon succumbed.
He was in his eighty-first year, and previous to this
attack he was apparently hale and vigorous, and
looked like a man destined to live another ten
years at least.

It is impossible to give, in a few words, an idea
of the immense amount of work he accomplished

Septembei) i4, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

369

himself, to say nothing of wliat he stimulated others
to do. The rapid extension of the various depart-
ments at Kew; the botanical exploration of distant
countries ; the production of descriptive a\ orks of
colonial floras; and the dissemination of knowledge
bearing on systematical, geographical, economiciil
botany generally, bear witness to his wonderful
energy and activity.

While Sir William lay dead, his son, now Sir
Joseph, was stri'-ken down with rlieumatic fi^ver

Fruit Register.

PEAR QLEEX JAKGONELLE.
This is an early pale gi-een summer Pear, of medium
size, that ajipears to be but little known. Mr. Bar-
ron lias fruited it at Cliiswick this season ; it comes
in with the Jargonelle and Windsor, and though
^carc'ly equal to the foiniei- in flavour, is decidedly

J. — ILLtrSTRATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE SCION ON THE STOCK. (sEE P. .368.)
1, Leaves of the stock; 3. Those of the scion; 3, Of the sport from the stock.

for the second or third time ; but happily he reco-
vered, and succeeded his father as Director of the
Royal Gardens, Kew, and as editor of the Magazine,
which he still conducts, though he has retired from
the position of Director of the Koval Gardens. W.
B.H.

(To be continued,)

A VERY EFFECTIVE BED AT KEW this season
consists of an edging of Golden Feather enclosing a
central mass consisting of diagonal stripes, in regular
alternation, of a blue bedding Violet, a white-edged
Pelargonium, Day-Break, and Iresine Lindeni.

superior to the latter. Of its origin I have no in-
formation, but it came originally through the Rev.
W. Kingsley, of Thirsk, and it was through Dr.
Hogg that Mr. Barron was able to add it to the
Chiswick collection. It is a soft, juicy, and agreeable
Pear; following Citron des Cannes, and Doyenne
d'Ete (Summer Doyenn^).

Pears at Chiswick.

JIany of the pyramidal Fear trees at Chiswick are

bearing excellent crops of fruit this season. Mr.

Barron wisely mulched and well watered many of

the heaviest cropping trees during the time of

drought, and they derived great advantage from this
attention. Tlie recent heavy rains have gone down
to the roots, and they will doubtless give a great im-
petus to the trees and assist the swelling of the fruit.
Among those carrying lieavy crops are :— Emile
d'Heyst, a good Pear, that does not keep very long ;
Bon Cliretien and Louise Bonne of .Tersey— these two
favourite varieties appear to be cropping heavily
tliis season ; Beurre des Charmeuses, or Fondante de
Charneu, an excellent Pear that ripens in November ;
Nouveau Poiteau, Belle Julie, a capital Pear, ripe in
the end of October— a variety that Dr. Hogg re-
commends for extensive cultivation ; Beurre
d'Amanlis, Charles Van Morel, Flemish Beauty,
Comte de J>amy, Deux Ans, Uvedale's St. Ger-
main, Beurre de Capiaumont, Queen Jargonelle,
Marie Louise, Pitmaston Duchess, Henri Capron,
Colmard'Ete, Passe Colmar, Beurr^ Sterckmans, Fon-
dante d'Automne, Beurre Hardy, Josephines de Ma-
lines, Althorp Crassanne. Thompson's ' Vineuse.
On a west wall the old Colmar is bearing a heavy
crop, as it generally does at Chiswick. B. D.

Stoawbehry Trollope's Victoria.
Tliis variety is an abundant bearer on medium
soils, and not liable to mildew. The plant is
robust with ratlier short leaf-stalks, so that
it does not shade the fruit as much as the tall
growers. The fruit is light pink, large, round,
the seeds not prominent. Its fniit is agreeablv
flavoured, and it bears carriage fairly well. Vic-
toria was once largely grown, but was driven out by
the novelties of the last twenty years, many of which
cannot be compared with it.

WiLSOX JrNIOR BrACKBEKHV.

We have again received from various sources
specimens of this fruit, which show how freely it
is produced. The berries are very juicy, and not so
mawkish as some Blackberries are.

Lord Palmerston Peach.
Very fine examples of this fruit were sent (not
ripe) by Mr. E. Ward, Hewell Grange, for our in-
spection. As a late, large, fairly good variety, it is
very well worth growing. In most parts of the king-
dom the aid of glass would be required to tlioroughly
ripen it. It is a free setter, and retains its fruits at
stoning time better than Walburton Admirable.

Foreign Products.

THE PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLES IN
ALEXANDRIA.

Some interesting notes on tlic export from Alex-
andria of what are now generally called " minor
industries," are contained in the British Consul's
report on the trade and commerce of Alexandria for
the year 188G. Tomatos, it seems, are now exported
in large quantities to Marseilles. Fresh vegetables
are also largely exported from Alexandria to Port
Said for the use of vessels passing through the
Canal. One of the most noticeable features in the
exports from Egypt is the recent rapid development
of the trade in Onions, brought about almost entirely
by the enterprise of Captain Wakeham, agent for
Mr. Leyland, of Liverpool. A few years ago only a
very small quantity was exported, but during the
two months of the last season 14,000 tons were
exported to Liverpool. Potatos, it seems, have
recently been successfully raised in the country, and
there is vast room, it is stated, for the development
of their cultivation and export at such times as
would admit of their commanding Iilgh prices in
England. Efforts are also being made to encourage
the export of Oranges should a market be found for
them. Last winter about 50,000 boxes were shipped
to Liverpool.

Vegetable Products in Reunion.
Cinchona. — An interesting account of the vegetable
products of Reunion has recently[been published in a

370

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[SKPTEMDKn 24, 1887.

1

Foreign Office Report, from which we gather tlie
following notes, lleferring to Cinchona, wc are re-
minded that for Bome years past the plantations have
absorbed considerable attention, and althongh they
h.ave hitherto assumed no very extensive development,
the results obtained are satisfactory. The plantations
are made in forests at a height of about 4000 feet.
At this height there exist no high trees, but merely
brushwood. Parallel alleys from 5 to 6 feet wide
are made, and as far as practicable in spots sheltered
from the winds. These alleys are separated by a
range of brushwood 10 feet thick on each side, which
serves to protect the young Cinchona plants against
the violent winds so common in Kiiinion. The
holes are made at a distance of 15 feet from each
other, and are 1 foot 8 inches in diameter, and of the
same depth. The earth removed is mixed with some
prepared mould, in which the young Cinchona plant
is placed. In soil thus prepared the young plant
experiences no difficulty in its growth, but when it
has attained a height of 18 inches care must be
taken to cut the roots of the adjacent brushwood
which may have found their way into the space re-
served for the Cinchonas.

At the end of seven or eight years the plants have
attained a diameter of 3.}- inches, and are ready for
hai-vesting ; this takes place in October, when the
bark is more easily detached. The plants are cut
about 2 inches from the ground, and the bark when
removed is placed in the sun to dry. A large
number of young shoots soon spring from the old
stump, which, when they have, in their turn attained
a certain size, it is necessary to lop off, leaving only
sufficient for the stump to feed conveniently ; they
grow rapidly, and produce a crop of bark in a period
of six or eight years. In this way the cultivation of
this produce when once planted can be continued
almost indefinitely and at little expense.

It is evident that the means employed in Reunion
for the cultivation of the Cinchonaare very practical,
and far more economical than in .Java. Although
these plantations have been attempted but on a
limited scale, the results are such as will likely be an
inducement to their extension. Experiments have
hitherto been made only by the local government, on
the Crown lands, and by a few wealthy planters.

VanilUi. — The high prices fetched by Vanilla in
European markets have been a great temptation to
many to convert what little land they possess into
Vanilla plantations ; but this happy state of things is
not destined to have a long life, for Vanilla IS an article
of consumption fur which there is but a restricted
demand, and its over-production must necessarily be
attended by a great fall in price.

Tuhacco. — Persevering experiments, attempted by
a small number of planters to cultivate Tobacco are
beginning to give most encouraging results, and
Reunion at present can produce very well burning
Tobacco. Although its aromatic properties are not
as satisfactory as they might be, it is hoped that,
with time anil a little care, this deficiency will be
remedied. It is a well known fi>ct that to obtain
gjod Tobacco, several plantations must have been
made in the same spot. As this has not yet been
done at Reunion, the Tobacco can hardly be said to
have had a fair trial.

Fecula and Tapioca. — The manufacture of fecula
and tapioca may now be considered as one of the
most flourishing industries of the island. In spite of
the first mill which was started having begun under
very unfavourable circumstances it may, neverthe-
less, be said to be on its way to prosperity. Its pro-
duce, although not so appreci.'ited as the tapioca
from Singapore and Rio Janeiro, obtains fairly
remunerative prices. No further argument can be
advanced to prove that there is a brilliant opening
for fecula and tapicoa than the fact that other mills
are already being constructed for the making of
these articles.

The CiTiiON TniOK in ConsicA.

According to a recent Government report from

Bastia, Corsica, Citron fruits constitute one of the

principal articles of export. The climate and soil of

Cureicfv are said to be particularly favourable to

the production of this fruit, which maintains its
great superiority over that produced in Greece,
Sicily, and the North of Africa, and the excellent
price's obtained in the principal markets have caused
much attention to be given to careful cultivation,
and to the preparation of the fruit for the different
markets. Most of the selected fruit is sent to
England. Owing to the large number of plantations
which should come into bearing during the next few
vears a large increase of production and consequent
decline in prices were to be looked for, but the very
severe winter caused the entire destruction of the
trees of many important districts, and it is expected
that the next crop will be a failure. Tlie manufacture
of candied Citron for America and Holland has
greatly increased. The best quality of Egyptian
sugar is now used for this purpose in large quantities,
and is imported direct. The returns of exports to
foreign countries show that 1692 tons of Citrons in
brine and 435 tons of candied Citrons were exported
in 1880.

SlAM GiNOEB.

In the Butanical Magazine for July of the present
year, t. 0944, Sir Joseph Hooker describes a new
species of Alpinia under the name of A. zingiberina,
the history of which is interesting, as much, or even
more, from an economic, as from a botanical ])oint of
view. This plant was first noticed in the Gardeners'
Chronicle for July 31, 1886, p. 150, having been raised
from rhizomes exhibited at the Health Exhibition
in 1884.

The fine collection of fruits exhibited by the
Siamese Commission at the above Exhibition were at
its close presented to the Jfuseum of the Royal Gar-
dens, and in the course of preparing the specimens
for exhibition in the cases at Kew, I at once saw that
a sample of a rhizome labelled "Ginger "was very
different from the ordinary commercial ginger, being
much thicker, and more cylindrical, longer, and not
so much branched. Upon breaking off' a piece of the
rhizome the odour was more delicately aromatic than
common ginger, and the taste not so pungent. As
the rhizome still retained life in it, a piece was sent
to the propagating-pits, and from it the plant now
figured in the Botanical Magazine was raised. As
Sir Joseph Hooker points out, " We are still in
ignorance as to whether it is a wild or cultivated
plant ; and if the latter, whether it is cultivated (as
A. agallocha is in Siam) for its seeds, or, like the
true Ginger, for its rhizomes."

From the fleshy nature of the rhizome, as well as
from its delicate aromatic taste and smell, the plant
would seem to be worth cultivating for the sake of
preserving the rhizome in syrup, if not for drying
and using as a condiment in the ordinary way. It
is well known that the Chinese preserved ginger is
of a more agreeable aromatic flavour than that of the
West Indies, and is mostly preferred for table use ;
in consequence of this it has been suspected that
some other plant than Zingiber officinale may fur-
nish some, at least, of the Chinese ginger ; up to
the present time, however, there is no proof of this.
Mr. Charles Ford, of the Hong Kong Botanic Gar-
den, referring to this subject in a recent report, says ;
— *' Some doubt has existed as to whether the
Chinese have not one or more kinds of ])lants in use
as Ginger that are unknown elsewhere. I have
taken steps for collecting together and cultivating
all the kinds of plants generally included by the
Chinese as Ginger, with the hope that when in cul-
tivation they can be studied and observed in such a
manner as to secure all possible information in con-
nection with this subject. While at San-Ui I was
fortunate in being able to obtain from cultivated
plants good flowering specimens. These I dried, and
together with specimens of the roots (properly rhi-
zomes) forwarded to the Director of Kew Gardens for a
study of them to be made there, when they can be com-
pared with other kinds, or with specimens of the
same kind from other places. Tlie specimens which
I procured were, without doubt. Zingiber officinale,
the species commonly in cultivation in other parts of
the world.

" It is, however, possible that some other plant,

which is not a true Ginger, may be used in making
the celebrated Canton preserved ginger, but all the
information which I have yet obtained points to the
species Zingiber officinale as the only kind which the
Chinese use for this purpose. The Ginger cultivated
in the Lo-Fan Mountains has a wide reputation
amongst the Chinese as being of unusual efficacy in
medicine ; this superior quality may, however, be
derived merely from peculiarity of soil or climate
which communicate to the plant exceptional pro-
perties."

The specimens here alluded to by Mr. Ford have
been examined by Professor Oliver, and i)rove to be
those of true Ginger (Zingiber olUciuale, Rose). John
B. Jachson, Museum, Kew.

Nursery Notes.

ORCHIDS AT THE LIVERPOOL HORTI-
CULTURAL COMPANY'S.

The first impression of the visitor on entering the
great establishment at Garston, Liverpool, cannot
fail to be that in such a fine, roomy, and well venti-
lated lot of houses a fine lot of plants will be found.
Inspection of the interior would prove that this an-
ticipation was not ill-founded, for the company year
after year extending its researches for Orchids to
import, and at the same time adding portions of many
old-established collections, have now a very large and
healthy stock, among which are many rare plants
which cannot fail to attract the 'attention of the
almost satisfied old collector, while, on the other
hand, among the thousands of new importations the
lovers of the good but cheap can have their wants
supplied to their heart's content. But every Orchid
establishment has a specialty, and that of the one
over which Mr. John Cowan so ably presides may be
said to be Mexican Orchids, of which large quantities
are grown, ranging from the ordinary sale size up to
specimens of such dimensions as to cause wonder
how they could be collected and conveyed so far
intact.

Among these may be noted specimens of the
pretty La^lia albida, from 3 to 5 feet in diameter, and
with thirty to eighty flower-spikes now just well
above the foliage. Maiiy of these plants are so large
in bulb and stout in flower-spike as to give a strong
reminder of the larger growing L, autumnalis; it
may easily be conceived what beautiful objects they
will form when in bloom. L. albida, while being one
of the prettiest, most durable and fragrant of our
winter flowers, ort'ers additional inducement to
possess it in quantity by the endless number
of varieties it embraces, all of which are pretty,
and many fine forms turn up among every
lot of imported plants. Next among the large
batches, small and great, is Ltclia anceps and its
varieties, red and white ; among these, too, there
are some giants, one of which bears forty-two well-
developed flower-spikes. Their grower, who is a
very careful man, says, that it is curious with what
accuracy the different types turn up in the different
importations. From one locality they get their
short-stemmed and brillant dark flowered form,
named Morada; from another comes the tall but
still bright L. a. Barkeriana ; and from another
the ordinary form ; but with none of these are
the white forms, which come from another district.
Of the white forms of Lxlia anceps there is a
fine stock, both proved and unproved ; among those
already flowered, L. a. Dawsoni, L. a. alba, L. a.
Hilliana, L. a. Percivaliana, &c. Another specially
noteworthy importation is a large quantity of the true
Lailia furfuracea, which for a small-growing plant,
bearing fine rose-coloured flowers, each about 5
inches across, cannot be matched. Lielia autumnalis,
L. albida, Epidendrum Ghiesbreghtianum, and all
sorts of things, have repeatedly been sold for La:lia
furfuracea, so that few know what it really is ; its
short pseudobulbs, and upright thick leaves
readily distinguish it when out of flower, and
when in bloom there is no resemblance to the

Septkubek 24, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE.

371

other things sold for it. Among the otlier
large quantities of Mexican species aie O. Cer-
vantesi, both the decorum and tlie rose form called
Morada ; O. citrosmum, O. Kossi majus ; and with
them probably a few of the rare 0. Warnerianum ;
0. aspersum, and O. Huraeianum, Lalia autumnalis.
and other things usually appertaining to the class,
are also in quantity. A number of tliese are grow-
ing on a kind of fibre which the Company advance
as a new and good material for growing Orchids ; it
appears on examination of the fibre, and by the
numbers of fronds of Polypodium vulgare which
grow very prettily among the things planted on it, to
be merely flakes of that Polypody, and perhaps of
other Ferns gathered from some locality where they
have been growing for years, such material, from the
almost indestructibility of its fibre, should be excel-
lent for Orchids.

The East Indian Orchids take rank here next as
specialties, and most of the Dendrobes, Vandas,
Aeiides, Saccolabiums. &c., are well represented ;
and being, where possible, imported annually, are not
set too much store by. Along with other good
batches appear the difl'erent varieties of Lffilia and
Cattleya. Coryanthes, Sophronitis, and a goodly
array of Odontoglossum Alexandra, and other cool
house Odontoglossuras and Masdevallias in the
houses allotted to them.

In the flowering house, where the plants are taste-
fully mingled with Adiantum cuneatum and Aspara-
gus pluniosus, is a very pretty show of Cattleya
Eldorado in many varieties, intduding tlie pure white
form — all of them very sweet scented; Vandaca?rulea,
Jliltonia Clowesii, major and M. Eegnelli, many
beautiful Oncidium Lanceanum, Cattleya bicolor,
the pretty Trichocentrum albo purpureum ; the true
best form of Oncidium caesium, for whicli so many
weeds are sold ; Galeandra Devoniana. a fine yellow
Mormodes (pardinura citrinum), some Cypripediums,
and some other curious Orchids. Althouglx intend-
ing to note only the Orchids and leave the rest of
the vast establishment, none could fail to note with
admiration the fine houses of JIarechal Niel and
Gloire de Dijon Koses grown on a special system in
pots, and with stems 9 or 10 feet in length ; each
house has about 500, and fine they look as they form
a covered way over the walks. J. OB.

The Kinvee Seed Fahms and Teial Gkocnds.

These are situated some five miles from Words-
ley, in the midst of a remarkably well-wooded and
pleasant district. The soil, a sandy loam, resting on
gravel, is one easily worked, and when well culti-
vati'd, and enriched, as it is, with the best artificial
and farmyard manures, produces root and other
crops which are, to say the least, remarkable when
compared with others in the same district. Hybridisa-
tion and selection constitute the chief work at
Kinver.

To grow tlie " best from the best " is their motto ;
all "rogues" are carefully looked for, detected, and
discarded, the result being, that Messrs. "Webb are
enabled to supply their growers in the various suit-
able districts with true selected stocks to grow from.
Some 1700 acres are devoted to seed growing and
tri.als at Kinver.

Peas. — Of these 150 sorts have been grown for
trial this year, and selections made. Amongst those
not yet offered to tlie public is one well thought of
— the result of a cross between those well tried
favourites, Ne Plus Ultra and Telephone.

Both Broad. French, and Scarlet Runner Beans
have their allotted stations, and include the best
types in each section. For connoisseurs in sucli
matters there is AVebb's New Golden Queen and
Webb's New Golden King, said to be of good flavour
when cooked. They are at any rate highly orna-
mental and effective.

Of the many varieties of Cabbages introduced of
late years by the firm none have given so much
genera! satisfaction as Webb's Emperor. In looking
over a plot containing some thousands I was struck
by the remarkable evenness of the crop as a whole.
Its dwarf compact habit and firm solid heads, and
other good qualities combined should make this
a valuable acquisition for market and private growers
alike.

Cauliflowers and Broccoli are largely grown and
tested, upwards of eighty varieties having been grown
last year. The required qualifications are purity of
colour, habit, hardiness, and shape. Of Cauliflowers
Webb's New Kinver Giant, E.arly Mammotli, and
New Tom Tlnnnb are to be recommended ; and of
Broccolis Webb's New Autumn White, whilst for

very late cutting Webb's May Queen and Champion
are as good as any which weknow.

Potatos, as a matter of course, are largely grown,
and that tliey are carefuUv selected is proved by
the many First-class Certificates awarded to Messrs.
Webb & Sons for new varieties. Upwards of 70 acres
are devoted to trials. Several superior new seed-
lings are to be offered next season, foremost amongst
them being the result of a cross between Magnum
Bonum and Wliite Elephant.

Amongst Carrots we noticed Webb's New Inter-
mediate and Scarlet Short Horn, as being good
in shape, and evidently gi-own from good types.
Turnips included several noteworthy sorts, such as
Prizetaker. a very hardy good keeper with white
flesh, and of excellent quality. Noticeable also are
the breadtlis devoted to ISeetroot and Onions.
Lettuces are abundantly irpresented by the various
selections of Cos and Cai)liage varieties, and close by
is a splendid bed of Webb's Giant Curled Parsley,
beautifully curled, and of a dark green colour.

In deference to the increasing demand for Tomatos,
all the popular kinds have been grown at Kinver,
and some new ones have been raised therefrom.
Webb's Sensation is the latest acquisition, and is
evidently a good one, first honours having been
awarded it at the recent horticultural show at Shrews-
bury. It is flattish-round in shape, perfectly smooth,
of deep red colour, the flesh solid and firm, and will
no doubt in future be largely grown.

Other vegetables, too numerous to detail, are also
to be seen, and each and all have due attention
given tliem.

Among miscellaneous subjects may be mentioned
the trials of Tobacco, of which Messi's. Webb &
Sou have selected twelve varieties, as being from
habit and constitution best suited to our climate-
namely, Connecticut, Virginia, Florida, Yellow
Friar, Island Broad Leaf, Big Frederick, Cuba,
Havana, Kentuckv, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and
White Burleigh.

Strawberries are also largely grown, specially so for
supplying plants to customers ; these include tried
favourites, such as Keens' Seedlings, President,
Vicomtesse Hericait de Thury, Sir J. Paxton,
Kivers' Eliza, Dr. Hogg, James Veitch, and Black
Prince.

Flower seeds are to a certain extent only tested at
Kinver, but exceptions are made, for there are large
breadtlis of Mignonette, Stocks, Asters, Zinnias,
Poppies, Marigolds, Convolvulus, Clarkias, Esch-
scholtzias, Viscarias. and numerous other kinds ; all
were interesting, especially so Webb's Giant Mignon-
ette, Imperial, large anil dwarf flowering Stocks,
Webb's dwarf Chrysanthemums, 'Victoria quilled
and miniature Asters, Webb's new Stirling Poppies,
&c. There were also attractive beds of Convolvulus
tricolor unicaulis, Clarkia elegans carnea fl.-pl., and
Erysimum Perofskianum. Another very striking
feature was a breadth of the pretty pure wliite Chry-
santhemum inodorum pleuissimum, which grows a
foot high, and produces an abundance of double
flowers ; this is a plant worthy of more ex-
tended cultivation. In close proximity to the
above are plots laid down to lawn grasses, in order
that comparisons may be made to test the quality -
and durability of the dili'ereut mixtures offered for
that purpose. J. A.

Plants and Their Culture.

Tea Rose House. — To have fine Tea Roses they
should be planted out and not forced, but allowed to
come into blossom in April and May, when they will
yield a succession of blossoms through the summer
months. It appears to me a sacrifice to excite a
house of permanently planted Tea Roses into blossom
in winter at a time when the blossoms are neither
so fine nor possess the substance they acquire in
spring and summer. An important item in the
management of the Rose house is to get the wood
thoroughly matured before winter, and to this end
free ventilation should be afforded at the present
season, which will also be beneficial in checking late
growth. Matured wood not only flowers the best,
but is less liable to attacks of mildew. Where young
shoots started freely from the base of the plants in
spring, and were laid in regularly and trained to their
full length over the trellises, much of the superfluous
older wood may now be cut out, thereby affording
the shoots left more sun and air, and if they are per-
fectly ripened, although they may be several feet in
lengtbj they will break from almost every h^d, ivnd

produce more and better blossoms than do spurs—
in this respect the Tea Rose resembling the Peach.
Old plants that have become bare at the base may
be headed down in Febi'uary before growth com-
mences, at which time the beds and borders should
be top-dressed with maiden loam, and plants which
are not cut back should then receive what
pruning is found necessary. Vigorous old plnnta
cut back readily cover 'the trellis with strong
wood, which, if properly ripened, blossoms splendidly
the following season. Where it is intended to plant
the work may be carried out now, provided the plants
to be planted are established in pots. Tarticulara re-
specting the fromation of beds and borders were given
in thf Calendar for February :.'G last, where a list of
some of the good kinds was given. Any plants in pots
that require repotting should now be seen to, the
compost previously recommended for borders answer-
ing for this purpose. It is not advisable to repot
frequently, or to afford large shifts at any time, as
the plants can be assisted with liquid manure during
their growing season.

Such plants as are not repotted should have the
crocking examined, and be top-dressed. It would be
well to select from these plants for early forcing, re-
serving those newly potted till a later period. Any
plants still in the open should soon be put under
glass, as it is not advisable to expose pot-Roses to
rain after this time. The worst enemy the Tea Rose
has is mildew, which if left unchecked soon destroys
the appearance of their foliage. To avoid its attacks,
cold draughts and sudden changes of temperature
should be guarded against ; the best remedies are
flowers of sulphur, or a weak solution of sulphide of
potassium. Attention should be given to this as
soon as mildew is observed. Thomas Coombcr, Hendry
Gardens, Man.

The Kitchen Garden.

Lettcce and Endive. — Towards the middle of
next month Lettuces that are coming into use should
be lifted from the open with good balls of earth
attached to them and planted into cold frames or
hand-lights, and as thickly together as possible
without touching each other. After receiving suf-
ficient water to settle the plants in their new positions,
and when they have taken fresh root, all the air
possible should be given by removing the lights
entirely as often as is practicable, closing them only
during frost or rain. Where frame accommodation
is limited, some temporary provision may be con-
structed which would throw off heavy rains and
exclude frosts, and would for a time prolong the
supply of usable Lettuces. Full grown Endive
should also be lifted and treated in a similar
manner to Lettuce, and when stored on ash beds a
portion can be tied up and plunged deep enough to
bleach. Whenever Endive or Lettuce is covered or
tied up to bleach, it is most essential that it should
be in a dry condition at the time, and also that any
necessary watering be done early in the morning of a
suitable day, in order that the occupants may become
dry before nightfall. To stand the winter a portion
of the latest sown plants can be drawn from the
seed-beds and pricked out singly on to raised beds in
sheltered positions, into cold frames, or underneath
the shelter of walls, where, if necessary, some pro-
tection can be afforded them during severe weather.

CanUfloiL'crs. — Provision should be made for these
by pricking out into good soil, in frames near the
glass, young plants of Early London, Veitch's Autumn
Giant, &c., to stand through the winter; others can
also be pricked-out in sheltered positions outside,
where they can when necessary be protected ; hand-
lights being available for the purposeshould be placed
in position, at a distance from each other sufficient
to allow of the easy removal of the lights for giving
air, &c. Good rich ground must be chosen for this
purpose, in a sheltered early position facing south :
from six to eight plants may be allotted to a light
until spring, when finally four should be allowed to
remain, the surplus ones being utilised for filling up
blanks or additional plantings. As soon as the
young plants become established and commence
growing, air should be given continually ; and through-
out the winter every opportunity in favourable
weather should be taken to expose the young plants,
by removing the lights daily ; an occasional dusting
of soot or lime, followed by a surface stirring between
the plants with a hand-fork, will tend to keep slugs
in check, and the soil in a healthy and sweet coa-
dition. J. 4H§tni> WUk}/ Court.

372

THE OARDE NEBS' GHliONKJLE.

[SKPTEjriiEii 24, 1887.

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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SALES

1 Dutch Bullis. at Ste\ en~' EooniT.
, -2%' E.\tensive Sale of Dutch Bulbs.
( Protheroc & Morris' Rooms.

WEDNESDAY. Snp

"1

SO

t'.iU.rlion of Stove ami Greenhouse
I 'l.iMts, at Cholderton House, West
Cholderton.
Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Azaleas, Greenhouse Plants, Bulbs,
&c.. at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.

/Valuable aud imported Orchitis.
\ from Messrs. F. Sander & Co.,
ti< and others, at Stevens' Rooms.
I Extensive Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at
^ Protheroe & Morris' Booms.
S Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
"i Morris' Rooms.
1 Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
1 .' Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
1 Koont>.

The Gooseberry, of which we
Goose- gj^,g several illustrations, which
may be useful in view of the
planting season, is equally well liked on the
dining-table of the palace and the modest board
of the cottager. Like few other fruits, the
berries may be used in the unripe state, if suili-
ciently cooked and sweetened; and are then.
perhaps, more palatable than at a later stage,
when the skin has attained more toughness and
acidity.

In the neighbourhood of large towns an
important trade has sprung up of recent years
in growing green Gooseberries for innnediate
consiunption, for bottling purposes, or otherwise
preserving them in the green state for winter
consumption. The crop is usually a remunera-
tive one, as the demand in the towns is large
and constant, early sorts being especially profit-
able. Kipe fruit is preserved as jam, and sells at
a cheap figure, finding a ready sale at all times
when fresh fruit cannot be obtained readily.

We do not intend to enter into full details on
the cultivation of the Gooseberry in this notice,
but to indicate to our readers a few of the large
show Lancashire kinds, which have flavour as
well as size to recommend them to the con-
iideration of the grower. Many of these show

kinds are the most prolific bearers that can be
planted, and therefore well adapted for picking
in a young state.

In Lancashire, where very large fruits are
grown, a special system of culture is followed to
attain that end, by planting in well-prepared
soil, manuring, placing a saucer of water under
the fruits retained after severe thinning out has
lieen practised. This latter procedure is of \ery
doulitful i'ifieac\-. luit is intended as a means for

TELEGHAPH.

LnXDON CITY.

./

Flo. 78. — Kl.NG OF TRUM

a .special purpose, and results in large berries, but
which are destitute of much flavour. Those who
do not possess a comparatively moist climate like
that of Ijancashire can hardly expect to excel in
the production of these monsters, but all may grow-
any of these varieties to a fair size, provided the
soil of the garden be not too dry or too gravelly
in its nature.

We have made a selection from the extensive
array of berries exhibited by Messrs. .T. 'N'eitch
Si Son, Chelsea, at South Kensington, on August 9
of the present year, including those varieties which
recommended themselves by their flavour and

handsome appearance. The major portion of this
collection had been grown on the light land of
Me.ssrs. Ve tch'- fruit nursery at Fulh.iin, and
the exceptional dryness of the summer had
the effect of reducing somewhat the size of the
berrief, and of hastening unduly the ripening
period.

On the occasion abo^■e mentioned, some up-
right cordon trained plants of Gooseberries,
were shown (_see fig. SO), mostly well covered
with fruits. This method of growing the bushes
is well adapted for gardens, where economy of
space is an object of importance : the fruit is
likewise preserved from splashing by rain, and
can be readily protected from wasps — who are ex-
ceedingly fond of ripe Gooseberries — and from
birds. In the case of these cordons it is advis-
able to tie to the stake several shoots of varying
length, as is done with the so-called pillar Roses,
renewing the vitality of the plant periodically by
laying-in new shoots, and cutting out the old.
Of course, cordon-training demands close spur-
ring-in of all lateral growths, and timely thin-
ning-out of those produced in summer, if an
impenetrable thicket into which no one un-
gloved would venture to thrust a hand is to be
avoided.

Of green-skinned varieties we give the follow-
ing :— Telegraph, fruit large, long, and smooth
— excellent. Fearless, medium as to size, but
flavour good. London City, long, large, skin
pale green, flavour very good : this variety is
very similar in form to Loudon, a red fruit, but
is not so tender when in bloom. Tantivy, a large
smooth variety ; the flesh is coarse in texture,
but of excellent flavour.

Of yellow-skinned \arieties. Pilot is a smooth
fruit, of very good flavour ; King of Trumps is
a large greenish-yellow, fairly good in flavour ;
Catherina, a bright-looking berry, a little hairy —
of the finest flavour ; Triunpeter, a long, handsome
fruit, smooth, good flavour ; Tiger, an orange-
yellow, smooth and of good flavour ; Hedgehog,
although greenish-white, we class with these, is a
hairy skinned fine-flavoured fruit. We shall take
another opportunity of illustrating a series of
Gooseberries, not so well adapted for the exhi-
bition-table, but Ufore especially suited for the
dessert.

\

Veronica cupressoides and Others. —

We have received from various correspondents speci-
mens of tliese plants and commimications relating
to tlicin. As we hope shortly to give figures of the
plants in question, taken from authentic types, we
tliink it better to defer further discussion on them for
the present. In the meantime we may say that the
dwarf form, commouly called salicornioides, is not
rightly so named.

Metropolitan Public Gardens Asso-
ciation.-The Earl of Me.\th, the Cliairmau of tliis
Associalioii, has just appointed Mr. William Gold-
EING, Jjaudscape Gardener, Kew, to be Honorary In-
spector of the public gardens and open spaces of the
Association in London. There are now many of these
public gardens distributed about the metropolis, and
their area, including those in course of construction,
amounts to nearly 70 acres, and their cost of con-
struction has exceeded £15,000. The beneficial
effects of these open spots in crowded localities
cannot be over-estimated, so tliat the Association
deserves jiublic sujiport.

Phylloxera Laws in the German Empire.

— The following translation of an official document
lias been forwarded to us for publication from the
Koyal Gardens, Kew. It will be seen that the com-
mercial transactions with Germany are very seriously
hampered by these regulations. The document is

Septembkr -4, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

37.3

entitled :—" Notification respecting the import of
Tooted plants from States not parties to the Inter-
national Phylloxera Convention " : —

" August i), lirW". — In virtue of the regulation in
Section 2 of the Ordinance respecting the import of
rooted plants from States not parties to the Inter-
national Phylloxera Convention of April 7 of tliis
vear (Gazette, sheet No. ISo), I issue the following
directions ; —

" Section 1. — The experts to be entrusted witli the
investigations (Sect. 1, No. 3, of the Ordinance abovr
refen-ed to) are to be appointed by the departmental
Governments from among such persons resident at
the frontier post (Sect. 1, No. 1, of the Ordinance^
or in its vicinity, as may have proved their com-
petency. The names of the experts and their
substitutes, if any, are to be notified to the public
by the departmental Governments.

" Section 2. — The sender of the plants has to give
in with the packet a declaration in which In-
(a) engages himself to bear the costs of the examina-
tion ; (i) instructs the receiver of the packet, or a
representative of the latter, with full powers to act.
and resident in Imperial territory, to pay the costs.
If this declaration is not forthcoming, the person to
whom the packet is addi'essed will be advised of this
with the remark that it will only be despatched after
the costs of the examination have been paid. Should
no explanation be given within a specified time,
proceedings ensue as directed in Sect. 6, para-
graph I, of the Ordinance of .Tnlv 4. l?.'."} (Gazette,
sheet 153).

" Section 3. — At the examination wliich is to be
held on the arrival of the packet at the frontier
without delay, tlie packet is to be entirely emptied.
The wrappings of the plants are then to be thoroughly

liim, and finally pays it over to the expert. — The
Chancellor (rcpieseiUcd hij {signed) VoN Beettichkk),
Berlin, August 23, 1887.'"

Phylloxera Laws. — We have lately been
informed of an instance in which our own Postal
authorities declined to forwaid a small packet to
Italy, on the ground that it contained " bulbs; " the
bulbs so called being dried fruits of Palms'. While
dailv experience shows more and more tlie futilily nf

examined to see whether Vine roots or other por-
tions of Vine plant are contained in them. Should
this be the case, the examination is suspended with-
out further process, and it rests with the frontier
authorities what further course shall be pursued,
whether the packet be returned or destroyed. Other-
wise the plants themselves are then carefully to be
examined one by one, and if theie be any appearance
of swelling on the root with a magnifying-glass, the
expert has to draw up a short statement of the con-
dition after each examination.

" Section 4. — The fees of the experts are to be
calculated in such a manner that the sum of 4 marks
for the first hour begun, for each further hour or
portion of an hour two marks, the whole not to
exceed a maximum of 12 marks ( = shillings). It is
in the competency of the departmental Governments
to assess the fees at a lower scale for examining
packages of small value (plants for rooms, shoots
[? cuttings], and such like), and again at a higher
scale where exceptional trouble is given in the
examination. If the examinations involve special
journeys — (a) Experts, who are also officials, receive
the scale of maintenance and journey money pre-
scribed in Imperial or State laws. (4) Experts, not
officials, receive 12 marks a day for maintenance and
for travelling expenses (in cases of distances ex-
ceeding two kilometres from residence), for each
kilometre of railroad or steamship 13 pfennig, unless
the departmental Government, in consideration of tlie
expert's social position declares a lower scale to be
sufficient.

" Section 5. — The experts hand in their account,
together with the certificate as to the contents of the
packet, to the authority at whose office the examina-
tion has taken place ; the latter then collects the
total from the receiver when delivering the packet to

Rue de Crenelle, a large exliibition of fungi of all
kinds on October 15—17.

SPINOVITIS DAVIDM (the Prickly Grape ^■ine
trom China). — ilr. Uhmsley drew attention to this
interesting Vine in a note published in the Gar^
(Icners Chronicle in June, 1886. p. 753. It is also
figured in the Bevue Horticole. 1885, p. 55, from seed-
lings raised in France and supplied by the xVbbe
D.iviD, who discovered the plant. It is described as
■' a thorny Vine, cultivated at Kinhua, and bearing
large purple Grapes." A healthy example of tliis
remarkable plant may now be seen iu the Kew col-
lection. It was forwarded to Kew by Mr. C. Fokd.
of the Hong Kong Botanic Gardens, in the spring of
this year.

" MALESIA."— The last issued part of this pub-
lication, which we greatly regret to see is also to
form the completion of the work, contains the con-
tinuation of the account of the Dilleniacea; of the
Malay Ai-chipelago, and the plates (without text) of
the Bombaceie of the same region, collected by
Sig. Beccaiii, and comprising the genus Durio and its
allies, as remarkable for their construction as for
the fruits of one at least of their species, the
Durian. The plates will form a valuable complement
to the description of the Durionea; published by Dr.
Masters in the Journal of the. Linnean Socieli/ some
years since, a description based on specimens amassed
by Sig. Beccaiii himself, and by other travellers in

Fig. 80.— coRi'

such restrictions, foreign Governments — even that of
Germany, where we look for enlightenment— seem
to be increasing instead of diminishing their vex-
atious and utterly useless restrictions.

Paris. — A great exhibition of fruit and vege-
tables will be held in the Place du Carrousel from
September 29 to October 3.

A show of Chrysanthemums will be held on
November 24, at the rooms of the National Horticul-
tural Society of France, 84, Rue de Grenelle.

The Botanical Society of France will hold, at 84,

Fl«. Rl.— PILOT.

TRUMPETF.B.

the Malay Archipelago. In the present publication
tlie distinguished Italian traveller figures certain new
species, but unfortunately without description. The
excellence of the figures, however, renders the
.absence of text of less importance.

Albino Leaves.— Professor H. Chuech has
analysed the white leaves produced on a sporting
branch of Quercus rubra, and compared them with
the constitution of the ordinary green leaves of the
same tree. The percentage compositiou of the two
is as follows : —

Water

Organic matter

White liCave
72159
24-65

een Leave
58'08
40-33
1-.59

The ash of the two sets of leaves contained :

Irou oxide

Nitrogen

een Leave
29-10
24-60
1-24

The Potato Crop.— The latest reports (vide
Farmers Gazette, September 17) of the Potato cro])
are more favourable than those first received, and the
weight of evidence, on the whole, points to a fair
average crop. Great improvement has taken place
during the last three weeks, particularly in Cham-
pions, and we hear of crops, both in England
and Ireland, now being dug that are realising
£20 per statute acre. A note from Clare says
the Potato crop will be more than an average yield,
and is in a state of perfect immunity from any dis-

374

THE GABDENEBS' CIIBOKICLE.

[Sept, m ihr f4, 1>S7.

ease ; and a correspondent in county Cork writes : —
"Potatos have made a wonderful stride Intelv, and
will now be a full crop here."

Fuchsias at Market Lavington.— At the

exhibition of the Lavington Horticultural Society,
held in the grounds of Ciyrt'e Hall, Market Laving-
ton, on the 14th inst., a remarkably attractive feature
was a collection of twenty fine specimen Fuchsias
which filled the whole of tlie centre stage in the
large mai-quee set apart for plants. These were
shown by Mr. James Lye, the well known raiser
and exhibitor, and with but few exceptions the
varieties were all of his own raising. They were all
remarkably well grown and finely flowered. Jlr.
LvE also exhibited a number of seedlings of great
promise, among them a veiy fine dark variety named
Mr. Walter Long, and a charming and distinct light
variety named Lady Doreen Long. These were
highly commended by the judges.

Irish Crops.— The following general summary
of cereals, green crops, &c., grown this year in
Ireland, has been published lately by the Government
o.Ticials : —

Cere.ll crops
Green crops
Flax

Acres.
... 1,590,704
... 1,221,.312

127,890

Acres.
1,5G3,I64
1,228,746

130,203

Acres.

7,434
2.312

Acres.
28,540

Total under Tillage

.. 2,939.90S

2,921,113

18,791

3Ieadow and Clover

.. 2,094,209

2.143,538

49,329

Total increase in the total extent of land under crops
in 1887. 30,535 acres.

ISA Greenhouse a Building?— Mr. Colliks

sends us a communication impugning the accuracy of
the report published in our last issue, and sent us by
the District Surveyor, from a " local paper," and
giving a different version of what the magistrate did
or did not say. It is evident that neither our readers
nor ourselves are in a position to pronounce an opinion
upon such details. It is the principle that is involved
that is imjjortant to the trade, so that we trust
Sir. Colliks will have the support of his fellows in
his attempt to bring the matter before the Metro-
politan Board of Works, with a view to the abroga-
tion of an edict which, under the circumstances, is
as mischievous as it is absurd. We have before sug-
gested that this is a case for the Nursery and Seed
Trade Association to take action in.

Harpenden Horticultural Society.— The

committee of this Society intend to avail themselves
of the opportunity afl^)rded them when holding their
annual general meeting of members on AVednesday,
December 7, to hold an Apple and Pear Congress
and Show, for the purpose of showing the varieties
of Apples and Pears most suitable for this district,
and to obtain information with regard to the proper
cultivation, &c., of these nseful fruits by combining
a congress with an exhibition. A few prizes will be
oflered for collections of kitchen Apples, and also
dessert varieties, also for stewing and dessert Pears ;
and it is suggested that papers should be read on—
I, "The History of the Apple"; 2, '■ The Cultiva-
tion of the Apple " ; 3, " Diseases of the Apple, and
Suggested Remedies"; 4, " Importation of Foreign
Apples and the Influence on the British Fruit
Trade." It is also proposed that similar papers
relating to the Pear be also read. The papers are
to be short, and the time allotted for discussion
will be limited. The idea is a good one, because
it is calculated, if carried out with spirit,
to throw some light upon local influences as
affecting the growth of fruit trees and the production
of fruit. Harpenden is a pleasant neighbourhood,
that is extending rather rapidly, as many high-class
villa residences are being erected on the ijigh grouud

above the Midland Railway on the north side; and as
good gardens are being laid out and have to be
planted, information bearing upon the most suitable
varieties for the locality must be of value. At any
rate, the Harpenden Horticultural Society is showing
a good lead in entering upon a department of
practical work; and their example should be followed
by other societies up and down the country. The
arrangements of the exhibition and congress are
under the management of Jlr. John J. Willis, the
Secretary of the Harpenden Society.

Cactus Dahlias. — These are the coming
plants for beds in gardens, and for the varied pur-
poses for which cut Howers are used. An effort
ought to be made to dry them of their natural
colours for use at Christmas and Easter. Perhajjs
the blooms could be easily dried, bleached and dved
of the same tints they possessed in life. Messrs.
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, have made great
advance with this section of the Dahlia during the
past two yeais. In a collection of the seedlings
flowered thisyear which they have forwarded to us we
see much that is admirable in Germania, a very pure
wdiite ; Prince Albert Victor, bright crimson ;
Yellow Cactus, bright yellow; Scarlet Germania
Nova, a small-flowered scarlet; Sister Xavier, an
orange ; Sister M. C. Lyons, pale primrose. Others
there were, but these are the best of those sent.

Royal Society of Horticultu.'?e, Agri-
culture, and Botany, Ghent.— The monthlv
meeting of the above was held in the Casino, on
Tuesday, September 13, when Certificates of Merit
were awarded as follows :- To Pteris Bausei (new),
shown by M. De Smet Dovivieh ; to Oncidium
barbatum (for the excellence of the varietv),
shown by M. A. Vas Imschoot ; to Ca'tt-
leya Gaskelliana (for the e.Kcellence of the
variety), shown by MM. Vervaet & Co.; to Odon-
toglossum Vervaeti (new), shown by MM. Vervaet
& Co. ; to Lobelia crinoides albiflora grandiflora.
(oh ;) shown by M. DEvniESEKE-REEMENs.

A Big Walnut Log.— The Ghuyuiv Hemld

says that there was recently landed, c.v Lord
O'Niel, 68., fiom Baltimore, U.S., one of the largest
logs of Black Walnut imported into the Clyde. Its
extreme measure is 17 feet long, 42 inches broad,
containing over 200 cubic feet, calliper measurement.
To those interested in trees it will not onlv ajipear
a rare, but also a valuable specimen.

Trees and Shrubs.

EVERGREEN OAKS.

We have on various occasions mentioned the
Japanese Evergreen Oaks cultivated at Combe Wood
by Messrs. Veitch, some indeed of which have been
described in our columns for the first time; but
they are so handsome and useful, and withal so little
known, that we shall be doing a service by calling
attention to them again,

(I (jiahea latifolia has bold, obovate-oblong
leaves, of firm substance and of yellowish-green
colour. It would probably make a good town tree.

Q. Iliien/eri has leaves thinner, lanceolate, dark
shiiiing green, with reddish footstalks.

Q. cimpidata has ovate acuminate leaves, dark
green above, covered with pale reddish-brown scales
on the under surface.

Q. ciispklata variegata is a very attractive plant,
with shortly-stalked lanceolate-acuminate leaves,
with the disc green, and ft marginal variegation of
yellow ; the lower surface is pale yellowish-brown.

Q. bamhusifolia has elegant lanceolate-accuminate
leaves, finely dentate at the margins.

Clkrodendron teichotosicm.

A hardy shrub, with long stalked ovate-lanceolate

crenuhite softly hairy leaves, and terminal forked

many-flowered cymes, Each flower is about \{ inch

in length, with the calyx much shorter than the
corolla, pear-shaped, with five deep longitudinal
wings, and of a dull purple colour. Corolla with a
long very slender purplish tube, expanding into a
flat irregularly flve-Iobed cream-coloured limb. The
plant is a native of Japan, and is quite hardy at
Combe Wood.

POPULCS BOLLEAKA.

We have already alluded to this tree, which
appears to be a fastigiate variety of the common
white Poplar, in habit analogous to the Loinbardy
Poplar. As happens occasionally in the white
Poplar, the lowermost and first formed leaves on the
shoot are sometimes nearly or quite glabrous, ivhile
the upper ones are densely covered with white down
on the under surface.

Clematis flammcla ncnno-jiAuoiNATA.
A form with the foliage of C. flaramula, but with
the flowers of a purple colour.

Margaeicakpus setosus.
A curious little prostrate shrub, well adapted for
covering rockwork, or for shrubbery borders. The
thicklyset leaves are small, very deep green, pinnate,
with four or five pairs of linear, deep green segments
recurved at the edges. The flowers are inconspicuous,
but are followed by succulent white berries about
the size of a small Pea.

Salix akndlakis.
This is a curious variety of the common S. baby-
lonica, in which the leaves are rolled up from base to
tip, like a ram's-horn. Occasionally a tell-tale sport
is produced with flat leaves, and then the origin of
this singular form is revealed.

ViTis PonpuBEA, Hort. : the Claret Grape.
For richness of coloration nothing can surpass
the foliage of this variety. Its rich purple leaves are
very attractive.

Acer palmatit.m rieesiifolium.
A sturdy-growing, low tree, with shortly-stalked,
deeply palmately divided leaves, the five oblong
lobes being narrow with crenate, dentate, and
crumpled margins.

The Apiary.

PACKING UP FOR WINTER.
Bv the time this article is read it will be advis-
able to do all the packing up for winter that is
required. After the third week in September the
less bees are handled the better will they be in the
spring. Presuming that a natural supplv of food has
ere this been attended to, and that each hive has
a queen, it only remains to cover the bees up warm.
Put over the frames either a cle.an piece of unbleached
calico or a piece of American cloth with the
enamelled side downwards ; over this one or
two layers of carpet. It is a mistake to
put on too many layers of carpet— two are quite
suflicient. See that the roofs are waterproof,
as bees will at any time stand cold much
better than damp. It is advisable to keep the en-
trance nearly closed so long as wasjis are about, for
they are the most persevering of creatures. Strong
colonies of bees can take good care of themselves,
especially during the day, but as wasps can stand
more cold than bees, they frequently go into the hives
after the sentinels have retired for the night to
warmer quarters, and go in the morning before
the bees are awake. AVhen all danger from this
source is at an end, there is nothing like opening
the entrance to its full width. This admits full
ventilation. It is quite a mistake to keep it
nearly closed in winter. In the case of skeps
a well-made hackle will make the bees very com-
fortable, especially if a pan or good crock is'put at
the toj). In the northern jiarts of England and in
Scotland, periiaps, greater precautions are necessary

September 2-4, 1887.]

TEE OARDEKEBS' CHBONICLE.

375

agaiust the severity of the weather, A system
called clamping has been mentioned by thaj- most
useful paper, the Bee-Iccepers' Record. It would onlv
answer for skeps. It is to dig a hole in the ground
for the admittance of air, and to put the skep over
the hole, not down it. Then cover the hive up with
several layers of leaves, and then some earth over
all, something as Potatos are covered up. Leave
them like this from about the beginning of November
till the beginning of April, hut the weather must
be taken as a little guide in this matter. If you desire
to give them more air. a pipe may be inserted in
the hole to communicate with the outer atmospliere,
but it must not be large enough to admit a mouse, or
your clamping may cost you your hive. This
expeiiment has been tried, and found to succeed.
Bees have been wintered well, and the hives have
only been a very little lighter when put on their
stands again. There are some winters when, per-
haps, this method would not succeed as well as
others. In the case of a beginner, who perhaps only
has his one little ewe Iamb, I would not advise it;
but where a bee-keeper has many hives, it would be
worth his while to clamp two or three. Walter Chitty,

The Flower Garden.

Peopagation. — Should any part of the stock of
Verbenas and other soft-wooded subjects have
rooted badly cuttings may still be put in; those,
however, will now require the aid of a slight bottom-
heat, and will also require more careful management
during the winter. If any of the earlier rooted batch
are likely to be overcrowded in the cutting-pots, it
would be better to transplant them into cutting-
pans, in order to maintain them in health. Those
subjects are better left standing out-of-doors as long
as possible, but some old sashes should be placed over
them to protect them from heavy rain. Cuttings of
Gazania splendens may be put in to strike now, and
as the plant is all but hardy, it only requires the
protection of a sash and a sprinkling of straw to
keep it during the severest frosts. Towards the end
of the month cuttings of Calceolarias may be put in,
but the middle of next month will not be too late.
If cuttings be put in too early the roots are apt to
become matted before it is time to transplant thum in
spring. The best position to strike these is on the
north side of a wall where the sun cannot reach
them. Set the trame on a hard bottom, and fill to
within 8 inches of the top with half decayed leaf-soil.
On the top of this put 2 to 3 inches of fine soil,
principally leaf-mould, with a good proportion of
sand, finishing off with about 1 inch of sharp silver-
sand, if procurable, but any other kind will do^

Turfing and Levelling of Lawns, — This work may
now be proceeded with as circumstances will allow.
Where any hollows are to be filled up, the soil added
must be well trodden down, and rammed with a rammer
to prevent subsidence. See that turves are cut of uni-
form thickness to secure a good level surface. Lawns
will now require to be frequently swept to rid them
of fallen leaves. Do not allow the grass to grow too
long at this season, else it will become soft in
texture, and no kind of mowing-machine will then
make good work. Let the verge clippers accompany
the lawn-mower, but forbear the use of the edging-
iron at so late a period, as the new edges are certain
to crumble down with the frost.

Hose Cuttings. — From now to the middle of Octo-
ber is the best time in all the year in which to put
in cuttings of hybrid perpetual and other Roses.
Any good free sandy rich garden soil will suit them.
In selecting cuttings, choose the strong shoots which
spring from the base of the plants. Do not cut
those oft' with a knife, but twist them oft'with a heel ;
slightly trim the edges with a knife, but do not cut
away more than is necessary. Trim the leaves off
the cuttings for about 5 inches up, but leave the
eyes intact; cut the top off, leaving the cutting from
10 to 12 inches long. Perhaps the best way to put
them in the ground is to cut a notch about G inches
deep, in this place a few spadefuls of sharp sand to
assist rooting ; place the soil firmly against the face
of the cutting, and tread it firmly with the foot. Should
severe weather set in, a few Spruce or evergreen
branches or other protection should be given them,
and should the weather be dry, a little water may be
necessary in early spring. By the middle of summer
they will be sufficiently rooted to look after them-

selves, Teas, Bourbons, and other tender varieties
may be struck in a similar manner, but a frame or
handlights had better bo used. Do not, however,
attempt to strike any of the above with artificial heat.
jr. M. BaiUie, Luton Hoo Gardens,

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Bush FnuiTs. — In all well-ordered gardens a
certain number of the oldest of these ought to be
destroyed annually, and an equal number of young
bushes planted. It is a great mistake to keep old
bushes of these too long, which have to be hacked
and cut to keep them witiiin bounds, and which
present only at their best but a sorry appearance,
and yield but a light crop of fruit, whereas young
trees will generally yield good crops of finer fruit
the second year after planting. Neither should
young trees be planted on ground that has been
occupied by old ones for numbers of years ; like
other garden crops, they are all the better for change
of ground, and will yield more satisfactory results.
Now is the time to make arrangements for the work
of planting. I make a practice of planting a certain
number of varieties of Currants, Gooseberries, &c.,
annually, destroying an equal quantity of the oldest
of these, and plant them in long rows a good distance
apart between the rows, so that they are easily netted
in their entire length, and I crop the ground next to
the last row of bushes, so that it can be easily cleared
for the next planting of bushes.

li'iot Pruning. — After such a season as the present
I rind, after carefully examining the roots of most
kinds of fruit trees, that little of this will require to
be done this season, most fruit trees being well
studded with fruit-buds, and in many soils, espe-
cially gravelly ones, many trees have existed with
difficulty, so that it would be unwise to prune the
roots excepting where it is considered to be abso-
lutely necessary. This operation should be per-
formed at twice, taking half the tree now, and the
other half next autumn. No exact rule can be given
for the work, as the size of the tree must be con-
sidered, but a trench must be got out sufficiently wide
to enable the operator to work his spade under the
ball of the trees, and sever all roots having a downward
tendency, and the roots must also be protected from
excessive drying during the operation. In filling-in
again I find it the best plan to work-in one or two
barrowloads of fresh loam amongst the roots of each
tree, which soon becomes a mass of fibrous roots.
The operation should be performed with as much
dispatch as possible. E. Ward, Hewell, Bromsgrove.

Fruits Under Glass.

Vineries. — There is not much to be done in these
except to maintain a somewhat dry and airy
atmosphere, and to water the inside border about
twice in the month with clear water. This watering
should be done in the morning, and if the weather
should be dull at the time the tires should be lighted,
so as to heat the water in the pipes sufficiently to
prevent the condensation of moisture on the berries.
Examine the bunches two or three times a week for
decayed berries, also remove spider-webs, which,
if allowed to remain, would disfigure and render the
bunches dirty.

Melons in Fraincs. — The fine weather which we
have been having the last few days has been favour-
able to Melon growing in uuheated pits and frames.
Water must be used very sparingly, but should the
plants be likely to suffer for want of water at
the roots, let it be given before mid-day, at all
events sufficiently early to allow of the foliage be-
coming dry before nightfall, or mildew would be
likely to appear, and canker, also, might ensue. Do
not wait the approach of tiie latter, but, as a pre-
ventive, and a cure if necessary, place a mixture of
quick-lime and fresli soot around the collar of each
plant, which will absorb any excess of moisture that
there may be on or about the stems. As a rule.
Melons grown in frames or unheated are not of much
account after this date, and making up the linings
with a view of imparting heat to the interior of the
frame is not calculated to improve the quality of the
ripening fruits, but, on the contrary, it is calculated
to produce the opposite effect, inasmuch as the steam
or ammonia vapour, which arises in the frames and
settles upon the fruits in proportion to the tempera-

ture produced by tlie frequent making up of the
linings witli fermenting materials, is tantamount to
a humid and stagnant atmosphere.

Late Melons in Houses. — The plants for supplying
Melons through the last few weeks of October and
into December will now be coming into flower,
thereby necessitating a drier and airier atmosphere
in the house, and the expanded blossoms should
be fertilised about mid-day. wlien the pollen is dry,
until sufficient fruit to form the crop is secured,
when the conditions as regards moisture and tem-
perature should be reversed. The shoots must be
kept thinned and stopped ; the plants should be
damped overhead morning and afternoon, but of
course less heavily than was required si.K weeks
ago, and a minimum temperature of 70° should
be maintained, and 5° higher by day, with fire-
heat, running it up to 8.5°, air being then given. H.
W. Ward.

Colonial Notes.

TRINIDAD.

We are glad to see that, acting on the suggestion
of the Governor, Mr. Hart, the newly appointed
Director of the botanical establishment in that island,
has been addressing the cultivators on the subject of
the minor, or, as Mr. Hart prefers to call them, the
subsidiary industries of the island. Mr. Hart advo-
cated amongst other things the opening up of a trade
in Bananas, such as is carried on with success in
Jamaica. It was stated in the discussion which
followed, that the Castor-oil plant grew plentifully
in Trinidad, but as no one collected the seed, the
chemists imported them from Europe ! Mr. Hart,
while advocating the retention ot the staple in-
dustries, sugar and cocoa growing, urged the develop-
ment of various other economic products on a small
scale. Mr. Hart's advice seems very judicious, and
his experience in Jamaica lends great weight to his
utterances.

Report ov the Foeest Department, Singapore.
Mr. Cantley's report for 1886 gives an interesting
history of the formation of this department and of
the progress already made. Notes and a detailed list
of economic plants and Palms cultivated in the
garden are appended.

Botanic Gardens, Jamaica.

The number of the Bulletin of tlie Botanical
SepartiHfnt, Jamaica, which has just reached us,
contains a list of economic and medicinal plants
cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, and of the varieties
of Sugar-cane. General directions for planting are
also given.

Sydney.

In 1883 Mr. Charles Moore, of the Sydney Botanic
Gardens, described several new Cycads belonging to
the M. plumosa group, and wliich we noted at the
time as being handsome garden plants. Examples
of each were sent to Kew, but these, we learn, were
destroyed by the borer figured in the Gardeners^
Chronicle, Jan. 1, 1887, p. 13. Recently a second lot
of them have been sent to Kew, and along with
them some interesting notes by Mr. Moore, which,
through the kindness of Mr. Dyer, we are enabled to
publish. Mr. Moore writes : —

" All the Macrozamias asked for by you have
been sent, as well as others. They have been in cul-
tivation here side by side for more than two years
past, and all continue to exhibit permanent and dis-
tinct characters. There is no doubt in my mind
that M. secunda, M. Fawcettii, and M. flexuosa are
good species, but as to M. heteromera I am greatly
puzzled, as it seems to vary in character from that
of M. secunda to M. Paulo Gulielmi. Whether these
forms are really distinct from all others remains to
be proved ; but so far, in my opinion, they are
entitled to be regarded as true species and varieties
of the same, i.e., forms of one distinct species. That
from the Narrabri district is very interesting, as in
several of the plants the pinnffi are in some instances
trifurcate.

" The Palm (Caryota sp.) from the New Hebrides

376

THE GABDENEEH' CHBONICLE.

[Sf.ptembeu iH, 1887.

is very beautiful, and of robust cliaracter. It was
noticed by me some tiiirty-six years ago, but I never
could get young plants till lately.

" Alsophila robusta was regarded by Sir Joseph
Hooker as identical with A. excelsa, but its cultiva-
tion here proves it to be a distinct species of ranch
stouter cliaracter, and I have, therefore, named it A.
robusta. It is a native of Lord Howe's Island.

" Todea Moorei is also from the same place, and,
in my o])inion. is the most beautiful species of the
genus. For its successful cultivation in the Old
Country it will require the same treatment as the
Killarney Fern."

I cannot perceive any difference between tlii^
Todea and that named, by the late Jlr. T. Mooie,
T. graudipinuula. A Jigure and description of this
beautiful Fern will be fouud in the GarJciitr/
Chrcnic/e. »'. (K.

The Rock Garden.

ANDROSACE FOLIOS A.
This plant, which Sir J. Hooker places under A.
sarmentosa as a variety, is very different from the
latter plant in its behaviour under cultivation. In
the first place it flowers through the season; in the
second place, instead of throwing out tufted stolons
like a Strawberry, it is comp.act in its growth, but
shows its foliose propensities by making tufts of
leaves amongst the pedicels of the umbel. Several
secondary umbels ai'e sometimes thrown out from
the margin of the primary umbel, after the manner
of Hen-and-Chickens Daisy. I enclose three heads
in illustration of this note. C. Wollcy Dud, Edge Hall,
Malpas, September 18. [Is this leafy prolificatiou
constant elsewhere ? Ed.]

A NEW INSECT INFESTING THE
BULBS OF EUniAr.I.S CANDIO.V.

In the early spring of the present year we received
from W. B. Grove, Esq., of Mason College, Birming-
ham, a bulb of Eucharis Candida, which had been
imported with others from Africa, and which, on
inspection, was found to contain a number of objects
of an elongated oval shape, pointed at one end and
rather obtusely rounded at the other. They were
thickly implanted in rows between the scales, and
there were as many as fifty in a single bulb. These
objects were about 5-12ths of an inch (or 11 mille-
metres) long, mostly rather flattened, and having
much the appearance of narrow Melon seeds. At
first they were considered as the pupa; of some
dipterous species of insect, but as the bulbs curiously
enough seemed quite uninjured, no sign of gnawing
or boring being visible, such an opinion was un-
tenable. The outer covering of the objects was
membranaceous, and was found to consist, when
examined microscopically, of a single layer of cells,
and the inner coating was chitinous, as is the ordi-
nary condition of insect-egg cases, within which was
found a number of yelk masses. (.See fig. 8l'.)

About the middle of May we received from iMi'.
Grove full confirmation of the egg nature of these
bodies, which, having been left untouched, produced
a number of minute gi-asshoppers in the larva state.
These minute active larva; are 8 millimetres (not
quite one-third of an inch) long ; of a very delicate
pea-green colour ; down the middle of tlie back of
the thoracic segments is a slender, slightly darker
line, which widens and becomes much darker down
the middle of the dorsum of the abdomen, having on
each side of it, in this part of the body, a broad
golden-yellow band extending to the tip of the
abdomen, where are two small conical processes, one
at each side. The head is pointed in front, and the
very slender green antenna; are rather longer than
the entire bodj'.

The position of the eggs of these grasshoppers in
the bulb is easily to be accounted for. The perfect
insect is provided with a long, homy, sabre-shaped
ovipositor, which it thrusts into the ground to find a

fit receptacle for the eggs, and having come in con-
tact with the scales of the Eucharis bulb, it went on
laying them in rows. Doubtless, had the bulbs
remained in their native places the young grass-
hoppers would, as soon as hatched, have commenced
feeding on the foliage of the plants close at hand, if
not on that of the Eucharis.

From the minute size of the young insects and
want of proper food they soon died, and we can only
judge of their systematic name and position by tlie
lengtli of the anteuua;, and the pointed front of tlii'
head, which lead us to refer them to a species of the
genus Conocephalus (nearly allied to ourgi'eat green
grasshopper, Gryllus viridissimus, Linn.). They are
also nearly akin to the genus Copiophora, a species
of which, C. cornuta, a native of Brazil, is occa-
sionally found in hothouses in this country, as de-
tailed in our article on that insect in the Cfardcners'
Chronkh. August 16, 18.84. /. 0. W.

Scotland.

DUNDEE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Septejiber 1, !2, .\ND ^. — This Society's autumn
sliow, held in the Drill Hall, Dundee, was of the
usual extensive and representative character. The
entries wei'e several hundreds in excess of those of
last year, and the cjuality in some of the classes was
never before surpassed, the competition being very
keen, especially in vegetables, fruit, and cut flowers.
The vegetables were a show in themselves, as they
always are at Dundee flower sliows. The Society
gives liberal encoui-agement to this departmeut.

Plants may be said to be the weak points of the
show ; they were not numerous, considering the
number of excellent collections there are around
Dundee, but they were of fair excellence as regards
culture and selection. In the nurserymen's class the
most imjjortant prize was for a table of plants
arranged for eft'ect, which was taken by Messrs.
Laird & Sinclair, Dundee, whose table was composed
of very neat, well grown young stock of higly coloured
Crotons, Dracsenas, Palms, Aralias, Hydrangea,
pauiculata grandiflora. Ericas, and otlier flowering
plauts, arranged with excellent taste on a ground-
work of dwarf Ferns. Table plants were well exhi-
bited by Messrs. Dickson & Turnbull, Perth ; Laird
& Sinclair, and D. & W. Croll. Dundee, who shared
the honours in the order named.

The chief prize in the gardeners' class for plants
was that for a table, 15 feet by 8 feet, arranged for
efi"ect; the 1st position was easily secured by Mr.
AUion, gr., Seaview, Monifeith, whose table was
composed of admirably grown stuff" of the usual
stamp of stove and greenhouse foliage and flowering
plants. The airangement was light, graceful, and
pleasing. Mr. Allison was also an easy winner of the
1st prize in the class of nine stove and greenhouse
plants, and took the same position in the class of si.\
exotic Ferns, bis set containing fine specimens of
Adiantum Farleyense, Gleichenia rupestris glauces-
cens, 5 feet through ; and G. dicarpa, 4 feet through,
admirably grown.

Variegated Pelargoniums we have never seen better
grown and coloured — their neatness, freshness, and
finish left nothing to be desired — Mr. Buchan, gr.
Ilermon Hill, West Ferry, taking the 1st prize with
a very well selected distinct lot. Cockscombs were
numerous and of exceptionally good quality — colour,
size, and substance of comb being excellent and the
growth superior — Jlr. Kennedy, gr. Ardarroch, taking
1st prize under keen competition.

Cut Flowers. — In the nurserymen's classes the
Hoses and Dahlias from Messrs. Cocker & Sons,
Aberdeen, were very fine, and their exhibits easily
took first honours. The Dahlias were very remark-
able for their great size and perfect symmetry, as
well as for their purity of colour. The same firm
also took 1st prize in the competition for eighteen
bunches of hardy herbaceous blooms, with an im-
posing stand of well-selected species ; and in bed-
ding Violas they were again placed 1st with a

superior lot, neatly dressed with their own foliage.
Messrs. D. & W. Croll carried 1st position in
Gladioli with eighteen handsome spikes. Pansies,
considering the dry season and the date of the show,
were very good, particularly those of the leading
amateurs, some of whom entered the lists with gar-
deners, and carried off" the honours. Asters, both
quilled and Chrysanthemum, were numerous, and
fairly good, considering the dry nature of the
weather up till recently. Peutstemons, Phloxes,
Stocks, and Antirrhinums were also numerous, but
all bearing marks of the adverse season.

Fr?iil, except Pines, was abundant in all classes,
(irapi's «,ir ]. iiiiirkably fine — Muscats hardly up to
perl'ii iii.ii ill liiii-li. mo.«t of them being somewhat
short 111 ri|irni sv, liut in bunch and berry large and
well giowii, black varieties being also well bloomed.
The 1st prize for a collection of eight varieties went
to Mr. Williamson, gr., Tarvit ; and the 2nd to M)'.
Koss, gr., St. Martin's. Mr. John Leslie, gr. to A.
Coats, Esq., Perth, took the 1st position in the class
of four varieties of Grapes, his set containing re-
markably fine samples of Muscat of Alexandria,
Madresfield Court, and Lady Downe's. The class of
two bunches Black Hamburghs was very closely con-
tested by Mr. Benvie, gr., Murie, Errol, and Mr. Christi-
son, gr., Brackenbrae, Broughty Ferry, who stood 1st
and 2ndrespectively, with excellent lots. The 1st prize
for two bunches Lady Downe'swas easily taken by Mr.
Bruuton, gr., Ilallyburton ; .and for two bunches of
Muscat of Alexandria M;*. Leslie w'as a good 1st.
Among the classes for single bunches Mr. Eddie, gr.,
Balruddery, took 1st prize for Muscat of Alexandria
with a splendid bunch. Melons were numerous and
good. In the class for scarlet-flesh the 1st prize
went to Mr. Whitecross, gr., Pitpointie ; and for
green-flesh to Mr. Harper, gr., Bankfoot. The
various classes of Peaches and Nectarines from undt r
glass were well represented, but space forbids par-
ticularising, and the same remarks apply to Apples,
Plums. Pears, and other hardy fruits.

In the amateurs' section for hardy fruits there
were numerous entries and keen competition. The
quality generally was superior, especially in Apples,
which, both in dessert and culinary varieties, were
excellent.

Trffetahles. — These, as lias already been remarked,
were a notable feature of the show. Roots weie
perhaps the most remarkable. Beetroot, Carrots,
Parsnips and (Juious were simply perfect in
their cleanness and symmetry and other ])oints of
quality, including size. Parsnips almost .'J feet in
length, perfectly clean and round ; Onions 17 inches
in circumference, and Cauliflowersll inches diameter,
without a flaw, may be mentioned as among the more
conspicuous samples of high culture presented in
both the gardeners' and amateurs' sections. The 1st
])rize in the gardenei-s' class for a collection of twelve
kinds went to Mr. AVm. Low, gr., Viewforth, Stirling
— a grand lot ; and in the amateurs' class to Mr. P.
Anton, Baledgaruo, for an excellent lot of six kinds.

North oe Scotl.vnd HoBTitri.TunAL Assocution.

The annual meeting of this Society was held at
Aberdeen on Friday evening, 16th inst. There was
a full muster of members, and the President of the
Society, Mr. Robson, occupied the chair.

Mr. William Reid, the Secretary, read the annual
report which showed that at the earlier part of the
season the meetings were well attended, and that
instructive papers were read, and discussions took
place which were of great benefit to the members.
A recommendation would be submitted for the
change of the dates of some of the meetings, so as
to make them more suitable for the convenience of
gardeners. Altogether there had been fourteen
papers read on horticultural and kindred subjects,
and during the year thirty new members had been
added to the Society.

The Treasurer, Mr. Wyllie, submitted a statement
of the accounts, showing that after meeting all
liabilities there was a balance of £25 Us. Sf.d, to the
credit of the Society.

The Chairman, in moving the adoption of tlie

SEPTEStBEE !^^, 1887.1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

mi

report, congratulated the Association on the com-
pletion of another year of very satisfactory work
and progress.

Mr. D. JI. Smitli seconded the motion, whicli was
unanimously adopted.

t)n tiie proposal of Jlr. A. Grigor, the Secre-
tiryand Treasurer were thanlced for the excellent
way in which they had discharged their respective
duties.

The npiJointment of office-bearers was then pro-
ceeded with, and Lord Aberdeen was re-elected
Patron: Jlr. Cocker (of Messrs. Cocker & Sous),
President ; Jlr. D. M. Smith, Vice-President : Mr.
John Keid, Secretary; Mr. ^Vyllie, Treasurer; and
Mr. Robson, Aberdeen, Jlr. George, of Ashley, Jlr.
Thomson, Mr. Skene, Craigiebuckler, and JIi-. A.
Grigor, members of committee, in room of those
wjiose turn it was to retire this year. In recog-
nition of the valuable services rendered by Jlr.
Hobson during the year as President, he was elected
an honorary Vice-l*resident.

A programme for the current year, so far as yet
arranged, was read by the Secretary. Two Gold
Jledals were offered by the Association for compe-
tition to commemorate the Jubilee year, and the
result was announced as follows : — For the best essay
on " The Principal Points to be considered in Judging
Truit, Flowers, Plants, and J^'egetables," gained by
Jlr. Thomas K. Sims, Banchory ; and the other to
the member who should produce a plan for the best
arrangement of a kitchen garden, not to exceed
1 acre in extent, with a list of the trees and small
fruit bushes best suited to the various exposures, and
a brief description of their mode of management,
was awarded to Jlr. John Jlackay, gi'., JVestwood,
Queen's Cross. A ]iroposal to hold the meetings
fortniglitly during the winter months was adopted.
A vote of thanks having been awarded to Mr. Robson
for presiding, the proceedings terminated.

Royal Hoeticultukal Society of Adeedeen.

The autumn exhibition of this Society was held in
the JIusic Hall Buildings, Aberdeen, on Friday and
Saturday, 16th and 17th inst.. Sheriff' Brown, Aber-
deen, opened the proceedings on Friday, while the
Earl of Aberdeen officiated at the opening ceremony
on Saturday. The show of this year was of a highly
superior character, both in regard to the number of
entries and the quality of the exhibits. The total
number of entries was 1494, as against 1318 for last
year, showing an increase of 176. These entries re-
presented about 20,000 individual exhibits. In the
large hall a magnificent display was made, and the
more imposing specimens of plants in bloom
were arranged to sliow to the best advan-
tage. Below the gallery tables extended right round
the three sides of the room, that on the south side
being occupied with cut flowers, and those on the
north and east sides being devoted to the accommo-
dation of vegetables. Immediately in front of the
orchestra a table was also ranged bearing numerous
specimens of cut flowers in full blossom. Four
large tables were ranged along the centre of tlie
building, and were occupied with jjot plants, cut
flowers, and Potatos ; the latter was one of the mo.st
distinctive features of the whole exhibition. The
square room, directly adjoining the large hall, was
given np to the exhibits oi' fruit, bouquets, and
baskets of flowers. The table for which a Silver
Cup was awarded was shown by Mr. A. Grigor, gr.
to JIi-. A. 0. Gill, Fairfield. The plants included
fine specimens of Crotons, Orchids, Palms, Begonias,
Dracffinas, Chrysanthemums, Ferns, &c., and were
really a grand display. Of plants in pots for table
decoration there were many fine clean, well-grown
specimens forward, and for the best collection of six
the Silver Jledal was gained by Jlr. Keid, Durris
House. For the collection of nine of the same class
tlie leading place was taken by Jlr. James Leiper,
gr. to Jlr. J. Gordon, of Craigniyle. These plants
were a stsige in advance of those sliown last vear,
and gave evidence of careful and skilful cultivation.
On adjoining tables, in the division open to pro-
fessional gardeners, several splendid specimens of

Lilium were shown, specially worthy of notice being
those shown by Jlr. Ogg, Jloiken.

In the nurserymen's division there was also a fine
display of pot plants suitable for table decoration,
and in this department the leading honours were
taken by Jlessrs. Cocker & Sons. Aberdeen.

The exhibit of amateurs in plants for table decora-
tion were little if anything behind their professional
brethren, and in Yuccas, Statices and Ferns they came
out strong ; but on tables placed beside the amateurs'
exhibits the plants shown in the working class
section completely outrivalled those shown by the
others. In this section a specimen of the Lapageria
rosea, shown by Mr. W. Silver, Auchmill, was un-
doubtedly the best shown in Aberdeen for many
years. The Ferns and Pelargoniums in this de-
partment were also good. Large sections of
the centre tables were occupied by plants for
exhibition only, and these formed not the least
impoi-tant feature of the show. Messrs. B. Reid
& Co.'s table contained fine specimens of Chrysan-
themum, Lilium, Croton, and Begonia; while on
Jlessrs. Cocker & Sons' section tlie chief exhibition
was a fine set of single, pompon, and show Dahlias,
with an excellent display of herbaceous plants.
Jlessrs. Smitli & Sons also appeared well in this
department. Their exhibits included Liliums, Car-
nations, Dahlias, and herbaceous flowers. The same

Fig. 82.— gr.vsshopper eggs ix hulb of kucharis
candida. (see p. 376.)

firm also showed capital specimens of Gladioli and
other cut flowers.

An effective display was made of single and double
Dahlias, Roses, Orchids, and a very fine specimen of
the Oncidium incurvum, well flowered, belonging to
Jlr. J. F. Smith, gi-., Dunecht.

Vegetables. — The show of these was very good.
Tlie collection containing twelve distinct varieties,
open to professionals ; and the collections of nine
varieties, open to market gardeners, appeared to be
the best in this section.

Fruit. — The display of fruit was especially good as
regards several of the exhibits. The show of Grapes
was never better, and in this department Mr. W. H.
Lumsden,of'Balmedie, carried oft'all the chief honours.
Jlr. A. Burns, jun., had also some very fine bunches.
Apjdes, which were more largely represented than
they had been for many years past, were well shaped,
of good size and quality. The same has to be said of
the Pears, and in this section the exhibits by the
amateurs and the working-classes were equally
deserving of praise with the professionals.

Grapes at Clovemoeds
Through the kindness of Jlessrs. Thomson I lately
had an opportunity of seeing their famous vineries- -
a sight that will not soon be forgotten. Of course
one expects to see some good (irapes in Scotland, and
especially at Clovenfords, considering what has been
achieved by its o\vner in years gone by ; but the crop
now ripening off' there is almost beyond conception.

Several houses each 200 feet in length are full of very
fine Grapes, all of which promise to finish oft'equal to
exhibition fruit ; but in the large span houses of that
length the greatest sight of all is to be seen, as they
are more lofty than the others, and show off" the
cro]) to greater perfection. All of them contain
more than double the quantity any one else would
allow to mature on "Vines. One of them has 5000
bunches hanging, some very large, and none of them
small ones. The berries are also of good size, and
not a trace of shanking anywhere, even with this
enormous crop.

The varieties grown chiefly are Gros Colmar, Lady
Downe's, Muscat of Alexandria, and Duke of Buc-
cleuch ; the latter Grape, which many complain of
as being a shy fi'uiter, is evidently quite at home
at Clovenfords, being very fine in bunch and
berry, and of excellent quality. Berries have
been grown here of this variety measuring
:> inches in circumference. Messrs. Thomson do
not prune this kind so closely as other varieties, and,
generally speaking, they leave 4 or 5 inches of young
wood. They estimate this year's crop ofGrapes will give
a total yield of 15,000 lb, and yet all this is from a
very small plot of ground, and one looks in vain for
any natural advantages which would account for the
enormous crop. The soil used is loam from the
neighbouring hills, containing plenty of fibre, but by
no means rich. The situation is fairly good, beingopen
and at the bottom of some very steep hills, with a
dryish atmosphere, but I failed to see anything
extraordinary until on appealing to my guide, Mr.
John Thomson, for assistance, he showed me the
shed where the celebrated 'Vine manure is mixed.
This is used in large quantities, and the effect
requires to be seen before it can be fully realised.
Jlessrs. Thomson also find it very beneficial to
Strawberries. Pelargoniums in pots. Orchids, &c.
A large stock of the latter, consisting of many
of the leading kinds, certainly looked remark-
ably healthy and clean. If any of our Grape-
growing friends choose Scotland for a holiday
this autumn they will do well to pay Jlessrs. Thomson
a visit, and see for tliemselves a sight which is not
to be equalled anywhere at the present time. W. H.
Lifers, Ketton Hall, Slainfoid.

PeNTSTEMONS in the EDINBtmCiH NUESEEIES.

Pentstemons — like most, or, indeed, all other
florists' flowers— have failed to come up to their best
standard this season, and spikes ai-e comparatively
weak, blooms smaller and thinner in substance, and
deficient in colour, than in ordinary seasons ; yet
they have suff'ered less from the all-prevailing
drought tlian Pansies, Violas, and Phloxes, all of
which have proved to be almost total failures where
their culture has been merely that of the open
border. Pentstemons are fresh and gay in compari-
son with these, and may be pronounced the best
drought resisters of all florists' flowers. This was
forcibly impressed on our mind the other day in
looking over the collections of two of the most suc-
cessful raisers and growers of this valuable class of
flowers, viz., those of Mr. John Downie, Beech Hill,
and Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, Pink Hill,
Edinburgh.

In Jlr. Downie's collection we noted the following
among the new sorts of the present season as being
especially good : — B. S. 'Williams, excellent spike,
flowers large, rose-crimson, the throat heavily striped
with deep crimson. James JIcGlashan, bright rose-
red, throat white, heavily striped with crimson,
flowers medium, spike good. Xestor, a gi-and flower
dark rose-salmon, throat white. Rob Roy, very
vigorous habit and fine spike, flowers large and finely
formed, bright scarlet, throat pure white. Rosy
Gem, a very attractive sort, with bright rose-crimson
flowers, the throat white, and form good. Clara,
dark rose, with pure white throat, flowers large, fine,
and spike good. Among last year's novelties sent
out by this firm Mrs. James Smith was remarkable
for the grandness of its spike ; the flowers are bright
red, throat white, striped deep crimson. Of the
introductions of 1885 the best as regards spike is

378

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[SEFTEUfBEH 24, 1887.

perhaps La Eosiere ; the flowers are rose-scarlet,
throat white, veined with crimson. Pi-obably tlie
best variety of any season, taking it all in all, is
Andrew Sinclair, which is now rather old on the
lists, but as yet unsurpassed for symmetry of flower,
colour, .and size of spike ; the flowers are rose-
scarlet delicately sliaded, the throat heavily blotched
with deep crimson.

Tnop.'KOLUji Mrs. Peeulks.

This is a new bedding Trop.-colum, that has been
on trial with Mr. Downie for the last two seasons.
It is of the same habit as the wt-U-known T. Vesu-
vius, but the foli.age is light, not metallic green, and
the flowers are bright vermilion, not the deep crim-
son hue of the latter. It is very floriferous, clothing
itself liter.^lly in its brilli.-int flowers.

With Messrs. Laird we found some pure viirieties
of Pentstemons. Among the new sorts of the pre-
sent season Agnes Fairgrieve was remarkable for the
fulness of its spike ; the flowers are also large and
finely proportioned, bright scarlet, with deep crimson
blotches in the throat. Edgar is a very distinct
purple flower, shading to bright blue, the throat
blotched with purple-crimson, spike very compact ;
Genuine, light rose, throat pencilled and blotched,
with crimson flowers, large spike, gr.and ; George
JIcKinnon. a remarkably fine variety, flowers deep
crimson, throat striped with purple ; Henry Irving,
dark rose, with delicately pencilled throat ; Pink
Hill, an attractive sort with light crimson flowers,
throat white, lightly pencilled with crimson. Of
last season's novelties the most meritorious in all
respects is Anne Christian Maxwell, a brilliant
scarlet with white throat, the flowers large and
Gloxinia-like, and the spike handsome.

Chrys.inthemum La Petite Makie.
Both forms — the yellow and the white —were
bedded out here, to test their value as bedding
plants, with very satisfactory results. The plants
were rather poor weaklings when put out, but not-
withstanding the long-continued drought, they
quickly made progress, and soon covered themselves
with flowers. Strong plants turned out in May
would flower at once, and would continue to flower
to the end of the season. Both sorts are found
rather difficult to keep in pots over winter in the
North, no matter how the stock is managed. They
appear to lose their roots and die ; but a few stools
planted out-of-doors, or left to winter fl-here they
have grown during summer, keep with perfect safety,
and throw up cuttings readily when brought into
heat in January or February.

picotees and carnations at plleig nurseries,
Edinbdroh.
Some new Picotees and Carnations in the hands
of Messrs. Dicksons & Co. are worthy of notice.
Jubilee, a Picotee, and a sport from the well-known
Red Braes variety, possesses every good quality of
the original — vigorous habit, great freeness of flower-
ing, and large well-formed flowers — but differs from
it in having the white ground colour delicately
shaded and suff"used with purple, and in having a
broader edge of a deeper tone of purple. It is a
first-class border variety. Scotia is a scarlet self
Carnation, that will prove of great value for border
and decorative purposes. The colour is distinct in
shade, tlie flowers large and full ; a most profuse and
continuous bloomer. Nellie Andeison has already
been noticed in these pages. It is unquestionably
one of the best white selfs that has yet appeared. It
has been reputed to be a sport from Ked Braes
Picotee, an assumptiqn that appears incredible on
seeing the two plants growing side by side iiere. It
has neither the grace nor the habit of the latter,
though it is in its own way excellent in these
respects ; the flowers are large', perfect in form, and
very full. Mrs. Nicoll, a yellow ground Picotee
with deep crimson pencillings, is a very handsome
and striking novelty ; the habit is vigorous, and the
flowers are large, full, and of great substance. Mrs.
Greiye, a salmon-rose self Carnation, will prove an
acquisition for border and decorative puiposes.

OSMANTHUS AQUIFOLIUS.

Tins hardy evergreen shrub is interesting on many
accounts. It is a shrub of no little beauty, haidy,
unless in the severest weather, and one which, as we
know by experience, bears the smoke-laden atmo-
sphere of London as well or better than most ever-
greens. It is a ne.ar relative of the Olive, and mimics
the Holly so closely that at first sight most people
mistake it for a Holly, and it bears fragrant white
flowers. Its variability is also remarkable. Inmost
nurseries O. aquifolius and O. ilicifolius are con-
sidered distinct, but an ex.aminatiou of wild
Japanese specimens some years ago convinced
us that the two were merely forms of one species
as both may be seen growing on the same bush.
Since then in our home gardens we have seen
several instances of the same kind. Our pre-
sent illustration (fig. 83) shows an additional
variation. Generally speaking the bud-sciiles en-
veloping the young bud remain dry and brown, en-
circling the young growing point, remaining for a
time, it may be, attached, to the base of the shoot
when it lengthens, but ultimately falling oft". But
sometimes the inner or uppermost pair of these
scales are uplifted with the slioot as it grows, assume
a more or less leafy appearance, and become per-
m.anent. These persistent bud-scales are smaller
than the oi'dinaay leaves, and entire at the margins.

Home Correspondence.

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. — I
entirely agree with your remarks respecting the
Scotch show of fruits and the Royal Horticultural
Society. I was applied to to subscribe to the former,
and refused to do so, on the ground that I thought
tliey ought to assist in making the fruit show in
London national, instead of splitting it up to suit
their narrow provincialism. But the Scotch horti-
culturists are not the only ones who prefer support-
ing their own little society to promoting a national
horticultural society. I am afraid rather a weak
point in the Anglo-Saxon character is shown in the ten-
dency to act independently, instead of combining on
a large scale to carry out any work. No doubt the
tendency has some advantages, but I do not think
that it has worked well in horticultural matters. I
remember, when it was proposed to start a Pomolo-
gical Society separate from the Horticultural Society,
and I believe that I had something to do with
inducing those interested in fruit to set up the Fruit
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in
preference to starting a separate society. But there
are many others, such as the Rose Society, and the
Chrysanthemum Society, and the Pelargonium So-
ciety, and I doubt not before long we shall have a
Cabbage Society, and a Potato Society, all diverting
horticultural energy into narrow channels, and tend-
ing to make a National Horticultural Society impos-
sible. This being so, I have of late taken less inte-
rest in tlie Horticultural Society than I have formerly
done, because it seems to me that English horticul-
turists are determined that it shall not be a national
society. C. W. Strickland.

A LARGE LILIUM AURATUM. There is here a
very large clump of Lilium auratum, 27 feet in
circumference, with fifty spikes, standings feet high,
and carrying 500 flowers. I have grown it from one
bulb in twenty years. The first year it bore onlv
one blossom, and it has never been removed or
divided. It is so very fine a group that it is but
right it should be recorded. J. LUlnj, The Cottage,
t^andgatc.

SALT AND ITS EFFECTS ON NARCISSUS BULBS.
— I was very much interested in the Rev. C. WoUey
Dods remarks in your last issue (Sept. .3, p. 28.3) as
to the possible eftect of salt on the bulbs of Nar-
cissus triandrus. In Dublin, where most species of
Narcissi luxuriate, we use large quantities of sea-

sand with which to surround the bulbs at planting
or replanting times ; and if some saline principle is
essential to tliem, I should recommend this method
of supplying it in gardens generally in preference
to the application of salt, pure and simple, to the
soil. Narcissus planted in sea sand and light
alluvial soil, .attain to a good size, and turn
out very bright and heavy at digging time
in July. We have also used the ash and charcoal
rubbish from wood fires, and old lime mortar, with
excellent results in the culture of these flowers, and
a top-dressing of soot and sea-sand during December
or January, when root .action is going on, adds con-
siderably to their vigour and freshness. Crude
manures from stable or cattle-sheds we find most
detrimental to nearly all bulbs whatever, and espe-
cially so to the more tender species and varieties of
Narcissus. Speaking of the Brittany form of N.
reflexns (N. calathinus of Redoute's Lil., t. 410), j
consider it quite distinct, as a form, from the varie-
ties from Portugal, being larger in flower and far
more tender— or, at le.ast, more difficult to cultivate
even in pots in a frame. The N. reflexus of the
Isles Glenan, and the N. reflexus of Portugal are
as I think, quite as distinct as Corbularia Gro!llsil of
Europe and C. monophyllus of Algeria, both white
or whitish Hooped Petticoat forms. F. W. Burbidge.
[It is very probable that the success attending the
cultivation of these bulbs in Scilly is due to the
salt present In the seaweed manure and sea-sand
employed and In the air. Ed.]

FRINGED CARNATIONS.— The following extract
from a letter just received from the Curator
(Mr. P. W. Burbidge) of Trinity College Botanic
Gardens, Dublin, who is at present engaged In some
floral researches at the British Museum, Kew, &c.,
anentthe above, has a peculiar historical and present
interest:—" . . . Mr. Britten, of the British Museum,
showed me a splendid book of 400 original w,ater-

coloured drawings of garden flowers made in 1720

Carnations, Hyacinths, Tulips, Anemones, Ranun-
culuses, &c., splendidly coloured, and bearing the
names of that epoch. The Cam.ations are as fine,
or finer, than any now seen, but not a straight-edged
one amongst them— all fringed." This is curious, in-
asmuch as I have been told that at three exhibitions
held in Engl.and this ye.ar, not a finer flower was
shown. How times and fashions change. W. J,
Mnrjjhy, Clnnnul.

STARLINGS AND FLIES. — In Common with
many other places we have experienced a baking
summer, which has been very oppressive to man and
be.ast, and most favourable to insect life. The West
Highland cattle in the park particularly felt the heat,
and were pestered with swarms of flies ; but the
singular part of the story is to relate— that nearly
every beast was accompanied by a starling within an
inch or two of its nose, and as soon as the flies
settled at the animal's ej-es it hopped up and seized
them. This was not done for a moment, but by the
hour, and a perfect understanding seemed to exist
between beast and bird, and, most singular, in
no one case did I see two birds together. At the same
time and place they accompanied the red deer, but
there their favourite place was the deer's back, and
occasionally perching on the horns. I have often
seen them searching the sheep's wool for ticks, but
never previously as I have now described. J. Hiisf
EriJge Castle.

A FINE BERRY-BEARINQ PLANT.— At the dis-
tance of about a mile north-east from the town of
Bury St. Edmunds are two pools of water of con-
siderable dimensions ; these pools are fiimiliarly
known by the somewhat strange designation of the
" Mermaid Pits." These pits or pools are supplied
by inexhaustible land-springs, which are In no
degree afi'ected by heat or drought ; the water is of
the same temperature during the heat of summer as
it Is In winter, and the surface of the water has never
been known to be frozen ; the overfiow from
them finds its way Into the river Lark, which
flows at about half a mile distant from them. A
portion of the moist and low-lving land which
surrounds tliese pools is densely covered by
natural scrub or brushwood, among which are
numerous plants of the species of Viburnum, of
which I enclose a sample of the fruit or berries.
Favoured, possibly, by tlie unusually dry and warm

Septejiber 24, 1887.]

THE GARt)ENERS' CHRONICLE.

379

weather, which has been here, as well as elsewhere,
experienced, these berries are this season produced
in extraordinary abundance, and produce an ex-
ceeding^ly pretty appearance, and are admirably suited
for decorative pnrposes. They arc now being exten-
sively used in the cemetery here for the purposes of
decorating the graves and tombs. It is not known
how these plants have found their way to the spot I
have alluded to ; few, if any, of the Viburnums are
indigenous to Britain. It is unlikely that they can
have been jdanted by the hand of man in so wild
and out-of-the-way place. It is possible, however,
that the seeds may iiave been at some period dropped
by birds, and thus become established in a soil and
situation suited to their development. Birds, how-
ever, do not by any means appear to be partial to
the fruit, as even the thoroughly ripened clusters
remain, as yet, untouched, although the scarcely
j ripened fruit of the Mountain Ash and the common
I Berberry are being rapidly devoured. Will you
' kindly furnish your readers with the specific name
of this remarkably free-fruiting and really ornamental
Viburnum, as if better known it might be more ex-
tensively planted than it is (as far as I know) at
I present the case. P. G. [The berries of the common
Viburnum Opulus sent are very fine. Two species
are British, and common on limestone soi I.Ed.]

A NOVEL MEETING. — While Spending a few days
in Erfurt, the great centre of flower seed growers in
Prussia, I was invited by a member of one of the
firms, with whom I was acquainted, to go with him
to a meeting of seedsmen which was to be held
one afternoon at 3.30. As it presented a good
opportunity of making the acquaintance of most of
the growers whose nurseries I wished to see, I very
gladly consented ; and shall never regret doing so, as
the circumstances were so novel, and so \^vy different
lo what is generally the case in most towns in
England, where every seedsman, nurseryman, &c., is
at variance with his neighbour [?], as to be interesting
and enjoyable in the greatest degree ; and therefore,
an account of the friendly manner in which our
Continental brethren conduct their business will not,
I think, be out of place. Their method of procedure
is as follows : — Once a week (Thursday. I believe)
all who possibly can, visit tlie establishment of one
of their number; and in the case of the smaller
houses, two are taken on the one day. After
half-an-hour's chat, the warehouse or grounds as
the case may be, are inspected, and criticisms
freely indulged in ; after this ceremony is over,
a cold supper is partaken of, and, that being
disposed of, the lager beer (that indispensable com-
panion to all pleasure in Germany) goes round,
speeches are made, toasts proposed, and everyone
endeavours to make himself and his neighbouss com-
fortable. On the occasion of my visit, the establish-
ments lO be inspected were two in number. The
first, was that of one of the largest dealers in
Germany for bouquets of dried grasses and everlast-
ings, also every variety of fancy articles made of
straw, reeds, &c. Here we saw all the processes,
from the bleaching of some of the grasses to the
finishing of the bouquets, including as it does dye-
ing, drying by machinery, and making up. We then
visited the grounds where nearly all the grasses and
flowers are grown, and after that we inspected the
gardens of one of the seedsmen, and spent a pleasant
hour in walking through the paradise of flowers. A
very pleasant evening followed, and all went home
benefited, I am sure, by the day's experience. This,
after a fair trial has been found to work most satis-
factorily, and a most amicable feeling prevails among
the various growers ; and surely this might be so in
England also. In some of our large towns, such
meetings would be of the gi'eatest service, for one is
always learning something new, in addition to the
moral efi'ect attained by the bringing together of
clever and practical men. as seedsmen and nursery-
men in England usually are. R. T., Quedlinhurg,
September 12.

PHLOX DaUMMONDI QRANDIFLORA. — This
beautiful imjn-oved half-hardy annual has withstood
the late dry season better than any other plant we
have in the flower garden. I have beds of them that
are now perfect gems and which have been so ever
since the end of May. I sow the seeds in light soil,
in pans, early in February, and put them in gentle
heat, and as soon as they are big enough I prick them
off into boxes or other pans, and as soon as they are
well rooted I place them into cold frames, and give
air freely. They are planted out in the first week in
May, andif well hardened off they do not mindalittle
frost. The bed::' are soon covered, and the flowers,

which are numerous, last till the later end of the
season. This strain of annual Phlox is most useful
for pot culture. The best kinds are P. splenden.'',
crimson, with white eye; P. splendens stellata,
scarlet ; P. hortensiaiflora, rose ; P. bella, pure
white. I had the seeds of these beautiful Phloxes
from Messrs. J. Veitch's fine strain. W. Smi/thc,
Ba.^iiu] Park, Altun.

CHARACTERiSTiCS OF BEAUTY OF HEBRON
AND WHITE ELEPHANT POTATOS.— Owing to the
similarity of these two varieties of Potatos in the
matter of colour of tuber and the peculiar broad
leaves varieties of American origin generally possess,
and these in particular, 1 was not prepared to see
the two varieties develope such very opposite charac-
teristics. Beauty of Hebron formed a good crop, its
haulm ripened well and was dug on August 8, and
harvested with skins well set and in excellent order.
On the other hand the White Elephant, growing on
the same piece of ground, continued to grow, tlic

haulm being perfectly green, and, I am sorry to say,
the tubers, usually so ready to swell into a large
size, were ill-formed, small, and already growing-out.
Whilst, then, hot dry weather suits the former it
would seem to be inimical to the latter. Beauty of
Hebron has, besides, proved a good market Potato.
During the last two months growers had as much
as £7 and £8 per ton returned for it. That fluctua-
ting variety, the Early Kose, has also done well this
season, if market returns are to be taken as a
criterion. William Eavley.

PINQUICULA CAUDATA.— In the note on this
plant (see p. 342) it is stated that " M. Godefroy has
ascertained that the plant can be propagated by its
winter leaves, but not by the larger summer leaves."
This maybe the result of M. Godefroy 's experiments,
but at Kew six years ago we obtained a batch of-
young plants from the original ono presented to Kew
by Mr. Sander, and from whicli the figure in the
Botanical Magazine wivs made. In December, 1881,
I took off several of the largest Iraves of P. caudata,
and after cutting them across the midrib they were
placed on a pan of sandy peat and held in position by

means of pieces of crock. Inabouta month afterwards
roots were emitted both from the base and the trans-
verse cut, little buds were formed, and ultimately four-
teen young plants were obtained from them ; the same
process was repeated the year following, and with the
same result. Mr. Burbidge was at Kew when the
leaf cuttings were in. and he saw the buds already
formed. He also succeeded in getting young plants
from the small " winter ' leaves, as M. Godefroy has
done. The dimorphism in the leaves of this species
appears to me to be exactly the same as occurs in the
better known British Piuguiculas, " only more so."
In P. gi'andiflora, for instance, the large spathulate
leaves ])erish in the autumn, and all that remains is
a small conical mass of scale-like leaves, like a tiny
Lilium bulb. The difl'erence between this and P.
caudata, is that the scales are more leaf-like in the
latter. Something very similar is observable in the
Droseras when at rest. W. Watson, Kew.

SINGLE DAHLIA PARAGON.— This distinct and
striking variety still holds its own as a leading
single Dahlia despite the many hundred novelties
introduced since the flower became so fashionable.
Amos Perry comes nearest to it in character, but few
would discard Paragon for the latter. It would be
interesting to know when it was raised. I have a
catalogue of Dahlias for 1834, issued by Samuel
Appleby, of Doncaster, and *' Paragon, single,
maroon and crimson,*' is in it; but who preserved it
during the intervening rears and re-introduced it?
R.D.

ANOTHER DISAPPOINTMENT.— "Lathyrus coeru-
leus, new," sent out last season by a London nursery-
man and seedsman, turns out to be Lathyrus azureus
of the seed shops, or L. sativus of the botanists.
Seeing that I can purchase seed of this at a few
pence per ounce, it is hard that I should have been
called upon to pay a much higher price for a very
few seeds. I liope it was ignorance of the plant that
led to its being reintroduced as a high-priced novelty ;
but such ignorance, if it existed, is hardly excusable
in a high-class firm. Talcu-in.

THE NEW TOMATO-DISEASE.— I have, for the first
time this vear, seen evidences of the new disease on
Tomatos to which you refer at p. 312. No one can
mistake it for the Peronospora infestans, which has
injured Tomatos appreciably in years past. In the
present case the foliage of the plants remains quite
clean and healthy ; with the older disease the
foliage suffered with the fruits, which were as often
spotted on the stem side as on any other part.
When the disease was first seen it was thought to
be nothing more than rot following from a bruise ;
but several fruits in succession showing the same
appearance soon dissipated that illusion. It is worth
notice that the disease appeared first on plants
grown lying on soil in a house, whilst plants grow-
ing erect in pots showed no evidences of it until
later, but still only very moderately. The fruits
were attacked in various stages of growth, and
always at the bloom side or apex. The discolora-
tion gradually extends until the fruits show a big
black spot of decay or rottenness. That the disease
should always originate at the apex would lead
to the belief that it finds entrance in the organs
either when the bloom is expanded, or through
the stigmatic aperture. Curiously enough some
plants of a Canadian variety raised from seed of
Canadian growth, gave the first evidence of the dis-
ease : and it has not yet attacked plants of home
varieties. The diseased fruits are now destroyed
as soon as they appear. There seems to be in this
case a clear connection between the Canadian intro-
duction, and the growing of the plants close to soil.
A. D.

BOTANIC GARDENS IN THE WEST INDIES.—
Kelerring to a paragraph that appeared in your
issue of August G (p. 170), by G. Layard, I
cannot cannot refrain from suspecting that your
correspondent is one of those who take for
granted what is told them. Had he ascertained by
personal observation he would have found his
assertion " that the Demerara garden was the best in
the West Indies " scarcely tenable. That it is a fine
garden and well conducted goes without saying, but
a garden which was only started some eight years
ago can hardly lay claim to be the most useful of the
West Indian gardens. The Trinidad garden has
long since passed its "jubilee," while Castleton
(Jamaica) has yet some time to exist before itcom-
pletes its twenty-fifth year. It is evident also that
your correspondent is unaware of the change of

380

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 24, 1887.

management in the Trinidad garden, for I cannot
believe Iiim to be so uncharitable as to attack a
management which has existed barely six months.
As regards tlie Castleton garden also, it is a great
])ity that Mr. Lajard should have been so led into
error as to describe it as a hill garden, for nothing
is further from the fact. Castleton is barely .580 feet
above the sea level, and has a purely tropical climate ;
in fact, it was selected on that account, and though
by recent decisions of the authorities it is probable
that its days are numbered, it is quite possible that
some difficulty may be found in finding as suit-
able a locality for all purposes in any other part of
the island of Jamaica. It may also surprise
Mr. Layard to hear that there is a nurseryman in
the West Indies ; aye, and more — there is a nursery
company in the West Indies. Such a company now
exists in Trinidad, and has been established for tlie
purpose of growing decorative plants for the New
York market. So far — and the company has been
engaged in operations for three years — the results have
been satisfactory indeed, and such as to warrant a
further outlay recently for tlie extension of opera-
tions. Mr. Layard should certainly make sure of
his facts before attempting to write upon a ques-
tion which is itself a commendalile one, for he
thereby throws an obstacle in its path instead of
forwarding — as I presume was his object — the for-
mation of stations for the development and spread of
horticultural and agricultural knowledge. J. H. H.

FLOWER GARDENING.— We are often reminded,
through the horticultural journals, of the neces-
sity for reformation as regards the plants used
for the decoration of tlie flower garden. To my
mind we are under a system of perpetual change
which leads to the adoption of plants that are
found useful for specific purposes for the time being.
The public in general have a growing desire for con-
stant change, and in a certain sense changes promote
reform. It can hardly be said, however, that the
change from the old ribbon-border. &c., style of
bedding to carpet-bedding was productive of much
usefulness — except in what it taught us of the
arrangement of colours— and in the utilisation of
foliage plants for effect. But the craze was carried
to an undesirable extreme as regards the latter par-
ticulars ; in the eyes of the orthodox advocates of
the system it would have been entirely out of place to
have a bed composed of plants with foliage of different
hues, and allow them to grow in a natural way. No.
that will never do ; if foliage plants are to be used
to advantage, you must clip, pinch, and ])eg down
eternally. Neither would it have been orthodox to
use ordinary plants ; " they possess too much colour,"
said the critics, and the critics had the game pretty
much as they pleased. Nothing would do but Alter-
nanthera,Mesembr\'anthemum,&c. — plants that could
only be preserved and propagated by those who kept
an elaborate establishment. The critics and advo-
cates had their reward ; they made the game too
costly, and of course it perished. This is an age in
which much is required for a small outlay, and to no
business does this assertion apply more forcibly than
to gardening. Plants that are moderately hardy
and easily cultivated are therefore of gi-eat service
in bedding. Amongst foliaged plants I find
Pyrethrum aureuni and Marrubium vulgare
(the common woolly Horehound), very useful
for bold designs. A large bed, the centre
of which is filled with Marrubium bordered with a
broad band of Pyrethrum, is very eft'ective at all sea-
sons. These plants are allowed to grow quite freely
and when treated this way they present a pleasing
appearance that is quite foreign to any cropped
carpet bed. 'J"he purple-leaved Beet and Cerastinm
tomentosum can also be employed very effectively,
and Cineraria maritinia is a hardy and boldly eft'ec-
tive plant. The variegated Arabis forms a ne.at
edging for all seasons. Amongst annuals we ha^ e
O.xalis corniculata rubra and Perilla nankinensis —
both useful and easily grown. Turning to flowering
plants I find several that demand attention. Azalea
amcena and A. mollis are generally legarded as
plants for the gieenhouse, but here, in a most ex-
posed situation, there are two large beds — one
filled witli amocna and the other with mollis, and
during the early summer months they are per-
fectly delightful ; the plants flower most profusely
and the delicate shades of Azalea mollis contrast
well with thi* dark-coloured amcena. The flowers of
mollis have tlie further advantage of being delight-
fully fragrant. When grown in an exposed situation
these plants keep very dwarf; and this, with their
regular growth and free-flowering habit, renders
them very desirable as bedding plants. Lobelia

cardinalis is thickly planted in tlie same beds, and
when the Azaleas have done flowering it commences
growth and aftbrds a display of bloom all through
the autumn. Agathea ccelestis, with an edging of
Alyssum variegatum or Cerastium tomentosum,
makes a lovely bed ; the Alyssum and the Agathea
are not quite hardy, however, and require a little
protection during winter. Begonias would appear
to have a great future— all seasons seem to suit them.
Their treatment is of the simplest description : the
tubers are planted in boxes and placed in a cool
greenhouse until fairly started, when they are placed
outside, all danger of frost being past, until required
for till,' beds. Pelarr/of.

POTATO SCAB.— Mr. Hill is su pronounced in
his dictum with respect to the production of scab on
Potatos that it would be useless to argue with him.
As to imperfect preparation of soil producing scab,
I ort'er no opinion, but when it is asserted that the
converse, viz., highly prepared soil, deeply and tho-
joughly cultivated, will prevent scab, I must pro-
nounce it nonsense. I have seen plenty of scab in
past years, where the fullest care and pains in pre-
jiaring the soil have been taken, and beautiful soil,
too, but generally worst in dry seasons. The discus-
sion has proved that scab is the product of no par-
ticular soil, but of all sorts of soils, and also that
it is invariably found most prevalent wlien drought
prevails. But Air. W. G. .Smith seems to infer that
after all we have been discussing a sort of Will-o'-the-
wisp, thinking of one thing and flogging another.
Possibly the " German investigators " had under
observation a veiy diverse affection from that which
we are so familiar with on Potatos, and regard as of
so little moment. The fact seems to present itself,
that no one really knows what the ordinary abrasions
found on the skins of Potatos are, and until that
matter is fully cleared up it seems hopeless to seek
for causes. To fully diagnose the disease is the best
method of seeking for cause and cure. Our ordinary
scab is, after all, a very minor aft'ection, and beyond
disfiguring the coats of the tubers to some extent,
seems to harm no one. If it be chiefly a product of
drought it is of little consequence, compared with
the effects of f'-e same upon the average root produce,
which will this year be from one-third to one-half
less than usual in early and mid-season kinds ;
whilst late sorts, still green and vigorous, are super-
tuberating rapidlv, and there seems no other course
to take, but to allow these late breadths to do their
best between now and the end of October. A. D.

The following is my experience on this inter-
esting subject. I lifted Myatt's Prolific when fit for
market, and they were quite free from scab ; the re-
mainder of the crop I left a month later before lifting :
they were badly covered with scab : and the same I
found true of slug holes, or, as they are called, " worm-
holes," in Potatos. Those lifted early were quite
free, those left later badly attacked by both slugs
and wireworms ; therefore I would say, as a rule,
lift earlv. I used farm manure : soil heavy loam.
J. M.

ENORMOUS TOMATOS.— I hereby enclose a few
Tomatos for your inspection. The present season
has no doubt been a fine one for Tomatos, but these
are the finest fruits I have yet seen. I have some
green ones on the same stems which will weigh some
ounces more. Geo. EasUvi, Loscley Park Gardens,
Hiirreii. [The fruits sent were very large and coarsely
ribbed. The weights were '13 oz., 21 oz., and I'J oz.
resjiectively. Ed.]

STRAWBERRY OXONIAN.— As your Correspondent
'' II. " has not responded to the invitation of R. Gil-
bert (p. 313) to exhibit a dish of Eleanor Strawberry
in comparison with the above-named, allow me to
tell the latter that (if nothing unforeseen occurs) I
sliall have much pleasure in doing so, either at Soutli
Kensington or elsewhere. At the same time I
fail to see that this will prove anything beyond the
fact that Mr. Gilbert's highly respectable nurseryman
su]iplied him with something dift'erent to what is
commonly known as Oxonian. I have before me the
catalogue of a firm of old standing, whose reputation
I should never dream of reducing to a money
standard, containing the following : — " Eleanor
(Myatt's), syn. Oxonian." Tliis has stood for years
unchallenged, and I think I may add, has been
generally recognised in the South of England as cor-
rect. If R. Gilbert can give us any idea of the
origin of his distinct Oxonian I think it will be a
great deal more to the imrjiose. for I find it is not
even mentioned in the Fruit Mo.niml, 4th edition,
1875. A. G. Bri/fijman, Mor/ott:

Societies.

BOYAL BOTANICAL OF MANCHESTER.

Skptejibku IG AND 17. — Tlic exhibition of fruit
and flowers of the above Society at the Koyal Jubilee
Exhibition Buildings, Old Traflbrd, took place on
the above days, and may justly be described as an un-
qualified success in every way. Probably at the
first mention of the show it may have seemed un-
necessary to add to the many attractions of the
.lubilee Exhibition, for so much is already there to
be seen and admired, that added beauty and attrac-
tions almost appeared undesirable. Still having
ventured on the show, the Council of the Botanical
Society, with their energetic Curator, may be con-
gratulated on the excellent display brought together.
The number of stands of Gladioli furnished with
beautiful spikes of this showy fiower, was extra-
ordinary, and the effect of these rigid trusses of
colour when seen from the end of the covered ap-
proach was bewildering. The quantity of cut flowers,
of hardy herbaceous plants, was, jierhaps, the finest
that has been brought together ; and Messrs. J. Dick-
son & Son, F. & A. Dickson, of Chester, Messrs.
I^aul & Son, Cheshunt, placed some of their best pro-
duction on the stages. The collections of Roses,
more especially those of J. Cocker & Sons. Aberdeen,
were in the opinion of many qualified to judge far
superior to many winning stands that were "shown in
numbers of places during the month of July. Dahlias
were also superb, and the collections of cut stove
and gi-eenhouse flowers were of unusual merit. In
the fruit department the classes were well contested,
!ind the productions of a very high order. The many
stands for black and white Grapes were laden with
choice samples, and though no bunches of extra-
ordinary size were observed, those that were shown
were of a useful size. The fruit classes, which were
all " open." numbered twenty-five, and the whole of
the classes had each four prizes oft'ered ; for these
no less than 200 entries were sent in, of which a
large proportion were staged. For the seventeen
classes of cut flowers (open) a hundred entries were
made, hence the grand display observed.

Friiif. — For ten dishes of fruit the competition
was keen. The Earl of Harrington, Elvaston Castle
(gr., Mr. Uoodacre), was successful in securing 1st
honours ; he had capital bunches of Black Hamburgh
and Muscat Grapes, Sea Eagle Peaches, Victoria
Nectarine, Morello Cherries, Melon, Apricots,
Washington Plum, Turkey Fig, and a Pine. The
2nd jirize fell to Mr. W. Pratt, gi-., Longleat, War-
minster, who had Muscat, Black Alicante and Ladv
Downe's Grapes in excellent condition ; good Peaches,
Nectarines, Plums, &c. 3rd, the Hon. Mrs. Maynal
Ingram, Temple Newsam (gi-., Mr. Dawes) ; and the
■4th fell to the Earl of Shrewsbury, Ingestre (gr., Mr.
Oilman). Six dishes of fruit. — Mr. Goodacre was
again placed 1st with good Muscats and Black Ham-
burgh Grapes, a Queen Pine weighing 7i lb.. Rivers'
Orange Nectarine, Victory of Bath Sfelon, and Sea
Eagle Peach. Mrs. W. Pratt was 2nd, with good
examples of Muscat and Alicante Grapes, Cashmere
Melon, Walburton Admirable Peaches, Figs, and
Nectarines.

Collection of Grapes, five kinds, and two bunches
of each. — This contest brought forward a number of
exhibitors, but Mr. J. Chaffin's (Bath) stands were of
such merit that little difficulty was experienced in
awarding the 1st prize. He had large bunches, of
capital colour, size, and ripeness, consisting of
Muscats, Alnwick Seedling, Madresfield Court, Black
Alicante, and Lady Downe's. Mr. Goodacre, who
was 2nd, had good bunches of Muscats, Gros Maroc,
Alnwick Seedling, Madresfield Court, and Black
Hamburgh. The Hon. Sir U. Kay-Shuttleworth,
Bart., M.P., Gawthorpe Hall, Burnley (gr., Mr.
McMaster), was 3rd. Two bunches of Black Grapes.
— Nine lots were put up in this class, the 1st prize
falling to Mr. McMaster, for splendid bunches of
Gros Colmar ; J. E. Camiibill, I'ttoxeter, was 2nd,
with Lady Downe's, very line ; llie Duke of Suther-
land, Trentham, 3rd, witli Black Hamburgh ; and
G. T. Raynes, Esq., Rock Park, 4tli, with fine
Madresfield Court. For two bunches of Black Ali-
cante, J. Chaffinwas again Ist, with splendid bunches
and fine berries. For two bunches of Muscat of
Alexandria there were twelve stands, mostly of ex-
cellent quality, of this variety, the prizes falling in
the order in which the following names appear: —
Mrs. W. Pratt, J. Chaftin, Sir T. Edwards Moss,
Bart., Liverpool ; and Mr. W. .Smith, Duxbuiy Park.
For two bunches of any other white kind, tlie"Earlof

September 21, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

381

Shrewsbury secured 1st honours with capital ex-
amples of Trebbiana : Sir T. Edwards Moss, Bart.,
2nd, with Golden Queen ; T. F. Campbell 3rd, with
Trebbiana; and the Earl of Harrington 4th, with
Foster's Seedling.

Miscellaneous Fruit. — Some good dishes of Peaches
were sliown, but these were not up to the size and
quality of previous years. Mr. J. Edmonds, Best-
wood, Arnold, Notts, was 1st with Dymond, Bar-
rington, Sea Eagle, and Walburton Admirable.
With one dish of Peaches, six fruits, the JIarquis of
Cholmondeley was 1st. With four dishes of Nec-
tarines, the Earl of Harrington, who in this class was
the only exhibitor, was placed 1st. One dish of
Nectarines was shown by A. G. Grant, Ohelford, who
was 1st ; the 2nd falling to the Earl of Shrewsbury.
Pine-apples were shown by Mr. J. Edmonds and Sir
H. H. Vivian, who were ])laced 1st and 2nd for three
fruits; whilst for one fruit the last-named exhibitor
■was 1st, and J. F. Campbell 2nd.

Some excellent Melons, both green and scarlet
flesh were shown, the Earl of Shrewsbury being
placed 1st for green-flesh, and Mr. W. Iggulden, gr.
to the Earl of Cork, Marston House, 2nd ; while
for scarlet-flesh, P. Tliellusson, Esq. (gr., W. Chuck),
Brodsworth Hall. Duncaster, secured 1st honours,
and the Earl of Harrington 2nd.

Some capital dishes of Tomatos were shown. In
the class for six dishes Mr. W. Iggulden was success-
ful. Mrs. C. A. Hoare being 2nd.

Twelve varieties of Apples, six of dessert and si.x
of kitchen. — ]\[r. J. Edmonds 1st, the Earl of Har-
rington 2nd.

Eight kinds of Pears, five fruits of each. — Mrs. C.
A. Hoare and P. Thellusson, Esq., were respectively
1st and 2nd.

With four dishes of Apples (kitchen), ^Ir. W.
Pratt was 1st. P. Thellusson, Esq., was successful
with four dishes of Pears.

A very fine exhibit of ]')uke of Buccleuch and
Gros Colmar Grapes came from Mr. W. Thomson,
Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords. The Vines whence
these bunches were cut — as, in fact, the whole in
the nursery — had been liberally treated to con-
tinual applications of the manure now being dis-
tributed by this firm, and certainly they afforded
evidence of being much improved by this manure.
Some samples of large Onions from the same firm,
and also from H. Deverill & Co., Banbury, were
shown, which had also received the same aid.

A very fine exhibit came from Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons, King's Road, Chelsea, consisting of a hundred
varieties of Apples, both culinary and dessert ;
also sixty dishes of Pears. From the same firm
came a number of small trees of their new Apple,
Sandringham. These little fruiting specimens were
only budded a little over a twelvemonth ago, and
were grown in the open ground, with hundreds of
others of the same variety, and so free and productive
is it proving to be that a number were taken up, and
potted, and brought to the show with fmit resting on
the very edge of the pots ; as the pots were only ordi-
nary 5-inch pots, some idea may be gathered of the
small state in which it comes into bearing.

Messrs. T. Rivers & Sou, Sawbridge worth, had a
choice lot of fruit, including Gladstone, Exquisite,
Lord Palmerston, and Sea Eagle Peaches ; Byron,
Otway, Humboldt, and Rivers' Orange Nectarines ;
Grand Duke, Monarch, Reiue Claude de Bavay, and
Golden Emperor Plums ; Fondante d'Automme,
Magnate, Beurre Hardy, Williams' Bon Chretien,
and Louise Bonne of Jersey Pears; and Marshall's
Seedling, Worcester Pe.irmain, Williams' Favourite,
Yorkshire Beauty, and Cox's Pomona Apples.

Messrs. H. Lane & Son, Berkhamsted, had some
fine examples of fruiting Vines in pots ; these were
carrying nice bunches of well coloured fruit, and in-
cluded such sorts as Black Alicante, Gros Maroc,
Black Hamburgh, Gros Colmar, Foster's Seedling,
Muscats, and Lady Downe's.

Flowers. — As already stated the Dahlias were very
numerous and of surpassing quality.

For forty-eight blooms, show and fancy varieties,
Mr. W. BostOE, Bedale, was placed 1st; Messrs.
Harkness & Son, 2nd ; and Messrs. Fisher, Son &
Sibray, ShetReld, 3rd.

Twenty-four show varieties. — Mr. W, Boston was
again to the front, the 2nd falling to Messrs. Heath
& Son, Cheltenham. Twelve fancy varieties. — Mr.
W. Boston was 1st; Mr. C. Turner, Slough, 2nd.
Thirty-six varieties of bouquet Dahlias. — From the
latter firm came a fine stand, the flowers shown in
clusters with some foliage worked in amongst them.

Twenty-four clusters of single Dahlias — Messrs.
Harkness & Son, were 1st; Messrs. R. B. Laird &
Son, Edinburgh, coming 2nd. These bunches were

perhaps a little formal, all the flowers facing one way;
still ,they made a fine show, and were much admired
after.

Collection of Gladioli spikes, not less than thirty
varieties. — Mr. A. E. Campbell. Gourock, placed no
less than 170 spikes on the stages. These were of
excellent quality, and all were named varieties.
The 2nd prize was taken by Messrs. J. Biirrell
& Co., Cambridge, with a grand lot ; and Messrs.
James Dickson & Sons, Chester, came in 3rd. For
trt-elve and six spikes, Mr. W. Smith, Prestwick,
N.B., was placed 1st.

Mr. Boston was 1st with eighteen Hollyhock
blooms ; S. Barlow, Esq., Middleton, winning with
eighteen blooms of Asters. James Dickson & Sons,
Chester, were successful with eighteen spikes of
Phloxes. A grand display was made witli Roses,
many collections being shown, the finest coming
from J. Cocker & Sons, nurserymen, Aberdeen. The
blooms in this collection were splendid in form,
colour and size, Messrs. Paul & Sons were 2nd.
Messrs. Harkness & Son, 3rd, with clusters of
blooms; Mr, S. Barlow, also with good clusters, 4th.
INIr. J. Cooke was again 1st, with twelve Roses ;
Messrs. Harkness & Sons, 2nd.

Hardy Flowers. — From Messrs. James Dickson &
Sons, Chester, came one of the most remarkable
features of the show — their collection of hardy flowers,
annual and perennial. Here were not less than 250
bunches of flowers of varied form and colour :
staged in a mass, the efftct was very striking.
Messrs. Paul & Son were 2nd, with a fine dis-
play. Collections were also shown by F. & A.
Dickson, of Chester, who also had a fine display
of Gladioli and Roses. Messrs. J. Robson, The
Downs, Bowden, staged 300 bunches of hardy flowers,
including capital seedling Begonias. Messrs. Dick-
son & Robinson, Market Place, "Manchester, had a
liue stand of Dahlias and Gladioli; Messrs. Dickson,
Brown & Tait also exhibiting a stand of Gladioli,
hardy flowers, and Dahlias. Messrs. Fisher, Son &
Sibr.ay, Handsworth Nurseries, had a fine collection
of flowering greenhouse Rhododendrons, including
the best varieties ; also grand examples of Lapageria
plants, in variety, for which these nurseries are
famed : marmorata and profusa, the latter being
densely covered with blooms. The Liverpool Hor-
ticultural Company staged a fine lot of Crotons,
Palms, Ferns, &c., also a collection of Tea Roses in
pots.

CoUcctions of Cat Stove and Greenhouse Flowers. —
These were exceptionally good ; the 1st prize fell to
A. Heine, Esq., Fallowfield. Here we observed
masses of blooms of Cattleya Gaskelliana, Oncidium
trulliferum, Odontoglossum Alexandrie, Cattleya
Harrisoni violacea, Stanhopea Wardi, Dendrobium
formosura giganteum, Zygopetalum maxillare, Catt-
leya superba, C. Dowiana, Oncidium Jonesianum, O.
flexuosum, Lajlia purpurata alba, L. Dayana, C. bi-
color, C. velutina. Ph. grandiflora, L. elegans, Vanda
tricolor, Odontoglossum grande, &c., besides many
choice stove and greenhouse blooms, Bouvardias,
Vallota, &c. Mr. S. Baerlein, who was 2nd, had
also a fine display, and though Orchids in less
numbers were present in this lot, other choice and
showy forms were abundant and good ; and in the
stand shown by H. Statter were a number of Orchids,
including a spike of the new Odontoglossum Harry-
anum, and a couple of spikes of Saccolabium cocleste.
A plant of Brunsvigia falcata was shown by A. Potts,
Esq., Hoole Hall, Chester; this plant had been in
flower for the past five weeks, many of the blooms,
however, were still fresh and in good colour. From
Mr. A. J. Bruce, Chorlton-cura-Hardy, came some
magnificent plants of various forms of Sarracenias,
and also a large quantity of table plants, Palms, &c.,
which were well used in the centre of the long fruit
table. The Manchester Jubilee Gold Medal offered
by the Society was awarded to Mr. Sam Deards, of
Harlow, for his patent Victoria Dry-Glazing.

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX.

Skptembeu 14 AND 15. — The annual autumn show
was held in the grounds of the Royal Pavilion. The
majority of the plant exhibits were staged in a large
marquee on the eastern lawn, and consisted of first-
class productions, notably so the stove and greenhouse
flowering plants and zonal Pelargoniums.

Flams. — For the former, Messrs. Knight & Co.,
nurserymen, Ore, Hastings, were adjudged 1st for
fresh, clean and medium-sized plants, prominent
among which were Vallota purpurea, with some
fifty spikes in first-class condition ; Lapageria rosea,
fine in colour and freely flowered; and Erica Aitonia
TurnbuUi and E. cerinthoides coronata were like-

wise good. Mr. Meachen, gr. to Mrs. Armstrong,
Withdeane, Brighton, being placed 2nd, with larger
specimens, but not so uniform in point of flower — a
huge plant of Rondeletia speciosa major wanting at
least another fortnight to bring it to perfection ;
Pimelea decussata, in good health and flower — was
attractive, as also was Erica Eweriana, which is an
excellent autumn variety. In a smaller class Mr.
Portnell, gr. to Sir A. Lamb, Beauport, Hastings,
was the winner among six exhibitors, all of whom
showed well for the season ; his best were Erica
Austiniana and Dipladenia amabilis. Mr. Ofter, gr.
to J. Warren, Esq., Hand Cross Park, was 2nd, his
plants of Lapageria rosea and L. alba being each
good ; Mr. Townshend, gr. to Captain Thompson,
Dyke Road, was 3rd, with excellent young plants of
Allamanda Hendersoni and Ixora Fraseri. A capital
young plant of Bougaiuvillea glabra won for Mr.
Wickham, gi-. to J. Humphrey, Esq., Keymer, the 1st
prize as the best single specimen.

Groups. — Two classes for groups brought forth
only two competitors in each. In the open class
Messrs. Stringer, Aldrington Nurseries, West
Brighton, being 1st with a showy group in which
Celosia pyramidalis coocinea was used with good
effect ; Mr. Meachen was the successful exhibitor in
the other class with a group of excellent plants
which would have looked better if spread over a
large space of ground.

Miscellaneous Plants. — Ericas were shown in good
condition by Messrs. Portnell and Knight, each ex-
hibiting healthy plants of medium size. Tuberous-
rooted Begonias were productive of a strong compe-
tition, the 1st award going to Mr. Holman, gr. to J.
Crimden, Esq., Burgess Hill, whose exhibits were
characterised by sturdy growth, good variety and
colour. The classes for zonal Pelargoniums also
brought together some lirst-class exhibits, the plants
compact and healthy, and above all there was an ab-
sence of that severe training so often seen. For
singles Mr. Townshend was the most successful ex-
hibitor, his plants being very fresh — Mr. Meachen
taking 1st for doubles. Foliaged plants of noble pro-
portions were shown by Mr. Offer and Mr. Jupp, gr.
to J. Boulton. Esq., Eastbourne, who each took 1st
in the two classes, being followed by Mr. James,
Castle Nursery, Norwood, and Mr. Meachen respec-
tively ; the latter exhibitor had a finely coloured
plant of Croton Queen Victoria. Ferns were also
shown, among others, by Messrs. Offer and Jupp, the
former taking 1st for a group, prominent amongst
which was a fine specimen of Cyathea dealbata, the
latter was awarded 1st place for six kinds with well
grown plants.

Cut Flowers. — These were of remarkably good
quality and shown in large quantities. The five classes
provided for Roses were well filled, the Tea-scented
varieties standing the exhibitors in good stead, the
most successful of whom were Messrs. Paul & Son and
Mrs. AVooUard, for 48's and 24's, who took the prizes
in the order named ; Messrs. Paul & Son also won
1st place for twelve blooms of any kind, with La
France, followed again by Mrs. WooUard with Ulrich
Brunner. For forty-eight distinct kinds of show and
fancy Dahlias Mrs. Scale, St. John's Nurseries,
Sevenoaks, won witli a fine lot of blooms, well varied
in colour ; Messrs. Rawlings Bros., Romford, 2nd.
With twenty-four varieties Mr. Keith, Brentwood,
was 1st, and Mrs. Seale 2nd. The class for deco-
rative kinds produced an excellent display, Messrs,
Paul & Son being tlie winners with good bunches of
Annie Harvey, Constance, Picta, formosissima. Cochi-
neal, Mrs. Hawkins, and Juarezii ; Mrs. Seale a good
2nd^the same two exhibitors taking similar
positions with pompon varieties, having selections of
the best sorts. Messrs. Cheal & Sons staged well
in the class for single kinds, and won the 1st prize,
Messrs. Paul & Son following. Asters were a strong
class, so also was that provided for thirty-six trusses of
hard}' herbaceous flowers in variety. Messrs. Balchin
& Son here had the 1st award with a well assorted
collection of the best things in season ; Messrs. Paul
& Son took 2nd place with a showy lot of stuff,
strong in herbaceous Phloxes.

Table Decorations were shown in considerable
quantity. For three stands Mrs. Seale was placed
1st with well finished designs of light arrangement,
Mr. Chard, Stoke Newington, being placed 2nd with
three of his well known pattern, in this instance,
however, somewhat overdone with flower. Messrs.
Perkins again met their old antagonist with bouquets
(Mr. Chard), and were successful in beating him.
Their bouquets in this instance could hardly be sur-
passed either in choice of size, selection of material
or design, Mr. Chard being awarded the 2nd prize.
Messrs. Perkins were also the winners of the first

382

THE GAB DENE MS' GUI? ONI CLE.

[September 24, 1887.

award in wreaths, likewise of good arrangement ;
Mr. Butcher, of Norwood, coming 2nd in this, a
strong class.

Siove aiKf' Greenhouse Cut Flowers. — An instructive
feature was afforded l)y these. Mr. Archer, gr. to
Mrs. Gibson, Saffron Walden, was a capital 1st ;
and Mr. Portnell a good 2nd for twenty-four varieties,
each showing choice kinds. For eighteen kinds Mr.
Bolton, gr. to J. Spottiswood, Esq., Sevenoaks, was
awarded 1st position.

!»■ Fntit. — This part of the show was a fine feature
throughout all the classes. For a collection of
twelve kinds, Mr. Waterman, gr. to H. Brassey, Esq.,
Preston Hall, Maidstone, staged an excellent assort-
ment, that won for him the 1st prize ; a fine Queen
Pine, good Muscat of Ale.xandria and Gros Maroc
Grapes, capital samples of Dymond and Late Admir-
able Peaches, Humboldt Nectarines and Beurro
d'Amanlis Pears, were his best dishes; Mr. Goldsmith,
gr. to Mrs. Hoare, Kelsey Manor, being placed 2nd :
Black Hamburgh Grapes, Pine-apple Nectarine, Figs,
and Clapp's Favourite Pear, were good here. With
a collection of six kinds of Grapes, Mr. Chatfield, gr.
to T. Holraan, Esq., East Hoathley, was an easy 1st,
his best sorts being Buckland Sweetwater, finely
coloured ; Black Alicante, and Victoria Hamburgh,
tfce latter (as it is often seen) of a foxey colour. The
Muscat classes were well filled, Mr. Gray, gr. to Earl
Stanhope, Chevening, Sevenoaks, winning in one
case ; and Mr. Spottiswood, gr. to G. Duddell, Esq.,
of Brighton, in the other, both lots being of good
colour. In the black Grape classes, Alicantes and
Hamburghs shared tlie honours between them, Mr.
Colem.an, Bentliam Hill Gardens, Southborough,
being 1st with the former ; and Mr. Godby, gr. to Dr.
Moore. Burgess Hill, with the latter, each having
superior examples. Peaches were in good condition,
lacking neither size nor colour ; for two dishes, Mr.
Inglis, gr. to T. Lister, Esq., Cuckfield, won with fine
fruit of Princess of Wales, and extra so of Albatross ;
whilst fine Gros Mignonne and Dymond, from Mr.
Moorhouse, gr. to Mr. Temple, Leyswood, were
awarded the 2nd prize. For a single dish, Mr. Smitli,
gr. to Mrs. Byas.s, Neville Court, won with Walbur-
ton Admirable, in good condition. Nectarines in
two kinds were best shown by Mr. Divers, gr. to T.
Hopgood, Esq., Ketton Hall.Stamford— Dryden, of
extra fine colour, being included ; Mr. Eidout, gr. to
T. Heywood, Esq., Reigate, coming 2nd, having Pine-
apple, very fine — the last-named again being shown
as a single dish by Mr. Mundell, Moor Park Gardens,
and awiirded the 1st prize.

Pears were shown in large numbers and superior
condition, Beurre d'Amanlis, from Mr. Spottiswood,
beating several dishes of fine Williams' Bon Chretien,
whilst in another class there was shown an extra
good dish of Clapp's Favourite (a promising Pear)
by Mr. Goldsmith, to whom the 1st was given.
Stewing Pears were put up in considerable humbers,
and of good average size.

Apples, both dessert and culinary, were produced
in quantity ; among the latter was an extra fine dish
of Nelson's Glory, from Mr Hopkins, gr. to R.
Thornton, Esq., High Cross, Framfield, to which the
1st prize in its class was awarded. In another class
Mr. Walleman held the same position with Peasgood's
Nonsuch, and likewise took similar honours with
Worcester Pearmain as a dessert Apple.

Plums and Green Gages were well represented ; of
the former some fine Jefferson's gained 1st honours
for Mr. Hodges, gr. to S. Gibbons, Esq., Cuckfield,
in both divisions, who also took 1st in one case for
the latter, and Mr. Neighbour, Bickley Park, 'the
other; these were all finely coloured examples.

Figs, as usual, were shown of the best description ;
Mr. Butler, of Lancing, was the winner in the open
class, and Mr. Finch in that from which growers for
sale were excluded.

Morello Cherries were another strong class, Mr.
Holman winning with a superior dish.

Messrs. G. Bunyard, of Maidstone, staged ninety
dishes of Apples and Pears of the highest quality.

A First-class Certificate was awarded to Mr. Geo.
Miles, of the Dyke Road Nurseries, for Chrysanthe-
mum Lady Burrell, a most promising sport from
Madame Desgrange, of a pleasing shade of pale
yellow. //.

The Weather.

AglAONEMA NEBULOSUM.- a new Aroid with
decorative foliage, introduced from .lava by the
" Horticulture Internationale," and described by
Mr. N. E. Brown, in the Illuslration Horticok, t. xxiv.
According to tlie plate, the stalked oblong acuminate
leaves are green on the upper surface, and spotted
and blotched with numerous milky-white spots,

MEAN TEMPEKATUKE OBSERVED AT CHISWIOK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING OCT. 1. (AVERAGE OF
FORTy-THEEE YEARS.)

Sept. 25

... SoO.Q

Sept. 211

.. 65°.2

„ 26

... 550.7

,. 30

.. 66°.0

„ 27

,. 28

... 55''.S
... So".*

Oct. 1

Mean for the week .

.. .51°.7
. 55° .3

Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amoxint and
duration of the excess or defect o£ temperature above or
belo'w 33° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a " Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

0. Scotland, N. ,

1. Scotland, E. ,
3. England, N.E. ,

3. England, E.

4. Midland Cos. ,

5. England, S.

6. Scotland, W. ...

7. Englakd.N.W....

8. England, S.W....

9. Ireland, N.
10. ibeland, s.

— Ckaitnel Islands

Temperature.

Above or
below the
Mean for
the week

Sep*. 19.

2 bdow

2 below
4 below
4 below
4 below

3 below

3 below

4 below
2 below
2 below
2 below

Accumulated.

nil
j Day-

+ 145 ■
+ 171'-

4- 167 -

j-H 168
I'-l- 165
i'+ 151

-h 40 + 47

-H 52 -h 118

+ 60 + 172

-1- 222 -I- 23

V 257 -I- 97

+ 67 -f- 77

Rainfall.

Bright
sunsjline.

Districts.

151
1^

hi

III

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N, ...

4 less

161

27.8

15

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

2 less

123

16.4

23

34

2. England, N.E. ...

2 more

100

12.0

20

34

3. England, E. ...

1 less

104

12.0

24

43

4. Midland Cos. ...

3 less

96

13.0

30

38

5. England, S. ...

0 (aver).

96

13.5

82

43

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

3 leS9

126

25.9

42

37

7. England, N.W....

3 Ies3

103

16.3

37

38

8. England, S.W....

2 leas

99

15.4

40

48

9. Ireland, N.

7 less

126

21.3

38

34

10. Ireland, S.

8 less

107

18.4

51

42

— Channel Islands

6 less

110

13.1

40

62

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summaiy record of the weather for
the week ending Sept. 19, is fuj-nished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has again been in .an unsettled state,
and rather rainy over Scotland and in nearly all the
English districts, but in Ireland the conditions have
been finer than of late, and the rainfall very slight.

" The temperature has remained below the mean
for the season in all districts, the deficit ranging from
2'-' in Ireland and most parts of Scotl.ind, to 4'^ over
the greater part of England. The highest of the
maxima were generally recorded either on the 16th
or 17th, when the thermometer rose to between 61°
and 68° in .Scotland, 64° and 69° in Ireland, and
63° and 66° in England. The lowest of the minima,
which were registered on different days in the various
parts of the kingdom, ranged from 32° in ' England,
S.W.,' and ' Ireland, N.,' to 40° in ' England, N.E.,'
' England, E.,' and ' England, S.,' and to 46° in the
' Channel Islands.'

" The rainfall has been more than the mean in
' England, N.E.,' but less in nearly all other districts.

" iriffht sii)islii/ic shows a decrease in the ' \\'heat-
producing ' districts, but an increase in most of the
'grazing' districts. The percentage of the possible
amount of duration ranged from 1.5 in ' Scotland, N.,'
to 33 in ' England, S.,' 40 in the ' Channel Islands,*
42 in ' Scotland, W.,' and 51 in ' Ireland, S.' "

Notices to Correspondents.

Amaryllis: JT. K Gumhtifon. Varieties of Ama-
ryllis Belladonna, all distinct. The one vou have
lost tlie name of is, as yoii say, the best, and you
should send flowers to him from whom you obtained
it for identification. The variety spectabilis is
larger than ordinary Belladonna, and the other
two are pretty and worthy on account of their
different times of flowering. There is yet a pure
white one you should get, if you can find it.

Books : Wildfiowcr. The Gcrmaii Flora. Ap])Iy to
Williams & Norgate, Henrietta Street, Covcnt
Garden.

Camellias : J. D. The foliage of the Camellia sent
has all the appearance of having been scalded by
sun-heat. The plants may have lost their foliage
from too little water, or too much, or from the use
of strong manure- water. Without fuller details
than you furnished we cannot say with certainty
what has caused it.

Corrections. — Koyal Horticultural Society, repoi-tof
show, Tuesday, September 13, for " Mr. Deverill,
Rousham, Aylesbury," read, Mr. Deverill, Royal
Seed Stores, Banburv. — In article " Streptocarpus
Rexii," p. 343, line 'l6, of our last issue, for " 2.^
inches to 4 inches," read, 2^ inches to 6 inches.

Ceippled Buds of Chrysanthemums : Chrysanthe-
mum. The loss of the points of Chrysanthemum
shoots is a very common occurrence this season,
owing mainly to the extraordinary number of pre-
datory insects, amongst them being a small red-
brown one which punctures the leaves, which curl
over on one side, causing the points to be blind.
This seems to be the cause of your trouble. Ear-
wigs bury themselves among the young leaves,
often eating out the points of the shoots. You
erred in potting your plants so firmly when the
loam was close and fibreless, thereby causing slow
root-growth. In your case you ought to have
added some charcoal, or wood ashes, and have potted
the plants lightly. The leaves and shoots sent
showed a want of vigour owing to defective root-
action. Upon some of the leaves mildew was
visible, which must be got rid of by dusting the
parts affected with dry sulphur. The small leaves
sent, " blistered,"' as you term them, have a sort of
fungus upon them. You should examine the
points of the shoots daily for any of the insects
named, setting traps for earwigs, such as small
inverted pots, with a small portion of moss in
each, placed on the top of a stake. E. Molyneux.

Dexdrobium densiflorum : H. J. C. Certainly the
most robust and beautiful form of this species we
have seen. The lip, too, being darker, and the
inflorescence longer and more elegant than t'le
type, we should say that it is better worth a
varietal name than three-fourths of those so dis-
tinguished. No. 2 is Begonia socotrana.

Double- FLOWERED Heath: C. W. 8. Uncommon,
but we have seen it before. It is the origin of the
double garden varieties.

Dying Oranges: S. We see traces of scale (Coccus)
which are very destructive. Please send other
specimens and leaves. Petroleum emulsion used
with a spray-pump would be efficacious.

Fungus on Burnt Soil : JK E. The examples of
pmall red fungi from burnt soil werf* too much in-

Septembek 24, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

383

jured by dust and burnt earth for identification.
Tliey probably belong to one of the almost innu-
merable set of little red species of Peziza. They
require a maximum amount of time, patience,
and credulity, for their determination, and afl'ord
the minimum amount of satisfactory knowledge
when the possible name is at last secured. W. G. S.

Gkape Gbos CoLJLUt: G. B. Very well ripened
indeed, the result ; doubtless, of the very warm
summer.

Heath Pahasite : D. ^- T. The common Dodder,
seeds of which have probably been introduced with
the peat. Pull it ofi and burn it before it seeds.

Insects : J. E. Your box, filled with shreds and
odd leaves, was as unsatisfactory as the former
one acknowledged by us in our Answers to Cor-
respondents in the Gardeners' Chronicle of July 30
last. We found no insect, alive or dead, in your
new lot ; only one of the leaves had a number of
minute white patches, which might have been
produced by an Aleyrodes. If you will take the
trouble to send one of the insects to Prof ^Yest-
wood, Oxford, you will probably get a more satis-
factory answer. — M. D. The caterpillars feeding
on the Oak are those of the common buff-tip moth
(Pygara bucephala). They are full grown, and
the mischief is done for the present year. /. O. W.

Market Measures : C. Empson. A sieve contains
7 imperial gallons, a half sieve 3i imperial gallons;
a bushel sieve 10.} imperial gallons ; a bushel
basket = an imperial bushel. Walnuts, Nuts,
Apples, and Potatos. arc sold by the last named.

Names of Fruit : JF. C. Plum d'Agen, probably.
You should send shoots when sending varieties of
Plums to name. — JV. W. A. 1, Mank's Codlin ; 2,
Beurr^ d'Anjou ; 4, Benrre d'Amanlis; 5, Louise
Bonne of Jersey ; G, Knight's Monarch. — li.
Russell Spencer. Apple Emperor Ale.'cander. —
C. W. Strickland. Pear Colmar d'Et^ {^)—W. 11.
Alcvander. Apple Margil.

Names of Plants : Jas. Boss. Cypripedium bar-
batum, one of the cheap Orchids. — H. G. Adian-
tum formosum. — J. Imrie ^- Sons. Nartheciuni
ossifragum. — J. IV. 1, Staphylea pinnata (Blad-
der-nut) ; 2, Spiraea sorbifolia ; 3, Leycesteria
formosa. — J. W. G. 1, Polygonum cuspidatum ;
2, Monarda violacea ; 3, Dracocephalum virginia-
num ; 4, Galega officinalis ; 5, Polystichum aculea-
tnm ; 6, Lastrea Filix-mas. — W'.P. 1, Calycan-
thus occidentalis ; 2, Leycesteria formosa ; 3,
Hibiscus syriacus, called in gardens Althea frutex ;
4, Picea polita ; 5, a variety of Cupressus Lawsoni ;
G, Cupressus Lawsoni. — D. J. D, Melilotus offici-
nalis.— J. M"P. Lobelia cardinalis ; Salvia sp. ;
Eryngium alpinum. — Box. Retinospora pisifera var.
plumosa ; 2, Biota orientalis ; 3, Thuia occidentalis ;
4, Juniperus, sp. (2, ^3, and 4, 'specimens insuSi-
cient, determination, therefore doubtful) ; 5,
Abies Morinda ; 6, Pteris cretica albo-lineata ;
7, T. tigi'idia pavonia. — H. James. 1, Tillandsia
stricta; 2, Epidendrum fragrans. — P. J. 1,
2, 3, all varieties of Oncidium prsetextum ;
Primula denticulata. — Border. Photinia serrulata,
from your description. — James Wright. 1, Adian-
tnm hispidulum ; 2, A. cuneatum ; 3, A. decorum :
4, A. excisum var. multifida ; 5, Scolopendriura
vulgare var. cristatum ; 6, Adiantum cuneatum ;
7, A. Sancta Catherinoe; 8, Pteris cretica albo-
lineata.

Nepenthes Rab-flesiana and N. Hookeriana at
p. 346 : A transposition has been effected which
should be amended. I intended to write N.
Hookeriana, Low, =(N. Raftlesiana, hort.), not of
W. Jack. E. D. [With reference to this matter
we shall have more to say later on. Ed.]

Pampas Grass Plumes, &c. : B. A. Cut before the
plumes are fully developed, dry in the sunshine,
and bleach in a small close closet, or chest, with
sulphur fumes.

Silver Pir : H. if C. The peculiar growth of which
you send a specimen is due to the attack of a
fungus (Peridermium pini), which will eventually
destroy the tree. The only thing to do to prevent
it spreading is to cut out all sickly branches and
burn them, or even to destroy the tree.

Strawberry Disease. — Your correspondent, " Scot "
(p. 344), should have forwarded an example of one
of his diseased and dying plants : the information
he now gives is insufficient. The genns Frag.aria
has very few enemies : it is the same with Poten-
tiUa. A mildew named Oidium Balsami some-
times fatally attacks Sfrawbemes, but " Scot's "

case may have been something very different.
iV. G. S.
Two Roses : Camirian. They would do better in
healthy soil outside, but the stems must have pro-
tection in winter where they are exposed to the
weather. Their heads must have the benefit of
the sun at least half the d.iy.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Hans Niemand & Co., Harborne Road, Birmingham

Carnations and Picbtees.
LucoMBE, PiNCE & Co., The Exeter Nursery, Exeter

— Bulbs and Roses.
Storrie & Storrie, Dundee, N.B. — Bulbs, Early

Forcing Spring Flowering and Greenhouse

Plants.
0.1ZSH0TT & Millard, Reading, Berks — Seed Corn.
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent — Complete List

for Autumn and Winter.
J. W. Silver, Norbury and Streatham Nurseries,

London, S.W. — Bulbs.
Ryder & Son, Sale, Manchester — New " Amateur's

Guide," Flower Roots, Bulbs, Roses, &c.
M. Bruant, Poitiers, Vienne, France — Exotics,

Bulbs, Chrysanthemums, Vegetables Novelties.
Jas. Shiel, Rangiora, Christchurch, New Zealand —

Farm Seeds.
R. W. Proctor, 4, Town Hall Buildings, Chester-
field — Carnations, Dutch Bulbs, and other

Flower Roots.
W. RuMSEY, Joyning's Nursery, Waltham Cross, N.

— Roses, Trees, Shrubs, Fruit Trees, &c.
J. R. Watson, 7, Stapletou Teraace, Crouch Hill,

N. — Bulbs and Roots.
Messrs. Webb & Sons, Wordsley. Stourbridge —

Wheat, Barley, Oats, and other Current Season's

Agricultural Seeds.

Cut FLOWERa.— Average WholesaiiE Prices.

CoMMUSICiTIONS KEOEIVED.— T. W. T.— Asa Gray.— S. D.—
W. S.— E. C— B. J.— A. F. B.-W. S. M.— E. J. C. B.—
W. G.— H. C— J. O'B.— E. T. M.— R. D.— T. B.— J. T. B.—
G S — C. W. S.—W. E. D.— F. S.— A. G.— N. E. B.— Petz.
—Wild Rose.- J. R. .1.— West Cheshire.- W. L.— W. B.—
F. Von Mueller.— W. B. H.— J. C— A. R. D.— W. T. Y.
(with many thanks).— W. S.—W. H. Maxwell.- W. Daly
(next week).
^° Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, nr

asking gnestions demanding timeand research for t/ieir solution,

must not expect to obtain an ansicer to their CTiquiries in the

current week.

Markets.

CO VENT GABBEN, September 22.
Trade still quiet, and heavy supplies. Jaines Web-
ber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d. I s. d. s. d.

Apples, |-sieve ... 1 3- 3 6 Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Plums, ^sieve ... 1 6- 4 0 Melons, each ... 0 6- 1 0

Grapefl, per lb. ... 0 9- 1 6 | Peaches, dozen ... 1 0- 6 0

Vegetables.- Average Retail Prices.

Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliilowera, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 16-20
Cucmntiers, each ...0 6-10
Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3~ ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 2 0-50
Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 3- ...

. 0 4-

,40-!

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

Onions, per bushel ..
Parsley, per bunch..
Peaa, per quart
Potatos, per cwt. .,

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 3 6- ...
Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...

Tomatos, per Ih. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2- ...

Potatos.— Kent Regents, 70s. to 90s. ; Beauties, 90s. to
llOs. ; and Magnums. 70s. to 90s. per ton.

PLANTS IN Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Balsams, perdozen... 3
Capsicum, dozen ... 5
Chrysanthcm., dozen 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracjena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Ericas, various, doz. 6
Euonymua, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Ficus elastics, each . I

d.s.d. I

0-18 0 ' Foliage plants, va;
0-6 0 ous, each ...
0-6 0 Fuchsias, doz.
0- 9 0 I Heliotrope, dozen
0-90, Hydrangeas, doz. ,

. 2 0-10 0
.30-90
.40-80
, 9 0-12 0

0-12 0 Lili ,-

dozen 6 0-12 0

0-60 0 — lancifolium, per

0-24 0 ! dozen 6 O-IS 0

0-12 0 ' Mignonette, doz. ... 4 0- 6 0
I Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0
0-18 0 Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0
Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-12 0
0-24 0 ! — scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60
(h-l8 0 I — Ivydeaved, doz. 2 0-40
e- 7 0 I SceDt*dVerbeaa-,do«. 4 0-60

Abutilons, 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Asters, 12 bunches...

— Freucli, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 blms.

— dozen bunches...
Chrysantll., 12 bun.

— large, 12 blooms
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen

2 0-40

3 0-50
10-30
10-20
0 6-10
0 6-10
3 0-60
2 0-60
10-40
10-20

Lavender, 12 bun. ... 4 0- S
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-6
Mignonette, 12 bun. 0 9-2
Myosotis, 12 bun. ... 2 0-3
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.O 6- 1

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 3- (
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-1

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0- (
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6-1

— coloured, dozen. 0 6-]

— red, perdozen ... 0 3- (

— Salfrano, dozen... 0 6- {
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0- ■
Sunflowers, 12 bun. 2 0- <
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 6- '.

SEEDS.

London: Sept. 21. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, E.G.,
report to-day's market quiet. The sowing demand
for Trifolium is now nearly over, and low prices
consequently prevail. Winter Tares move off freely
at the moderate rates current. There is no change
this week in seed Rye. Blue Peas are now excep-
tionally cheap. For Canary and Hemp seed the
inquiry is meagre. Some new French white Millet
has just arrived, and is offering on reasonable terms.
There is but little business passing in feeding Lin-
seed.

FRTJIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London) : Sept. 21. — Moderate
supplies of fruit, vegetables, and Potatos. Trade
good. Prices : — Fruit : Eating Apples, 2s. 6d. to
4s. (id. per bushel ; cooking do.. Is. Gd. to 3s. 6d.
do. ; Pears, 3s. to Gs. do. ; common do., 2s. 6d. to
3s. 6d. do. ; Plums, Victorias, Is. 6n!. to 2s. per half-
sieve ; black do.. Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Orleans do.,
Is. dd. to 2s. 6d. do. ; Damsons, Is. M. to 2s. Gd. do. ;
Tomatos, 2s. to 3s. perdozen pounds. Vegetables:
Cabbages, 2s. Gd. to 5s. Gd. per tally ; Greens, Is. Gd.
to 2s. per dozen bunches; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s.
do. ; Carrots, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Onions, 2s. Gd. to
3s. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Parsley, Is. Gd.
to 2s. do. ; Scarlet Beans, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per sieve ;
Vegetable Marrows. 9d. to Is. per dozen; English
Onions, 5s. to 5s. Gd. per cwt. ; foreign do., 4s. to
5s. per bag of 110 lb.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : Sept. 20. —Fair sup-
plies, dull trade. Quotations : — Hebrons, 90s. to
120s. ; Regents, 70s. to 100s. ; Magnum Bonum, 70s.
to 90s. ; Early Roses, 70s. to 90s. per ton.

Colujibia (East London) : Sept. 21.— Quotations :
— Magnums, Gos. to 86s. ; Regents, 70s. to 90s. ; Beauty
of Hebron, 95s. to lifts. ; Early Rose, 85s. to 95s. per
ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week con-
sisted of 1 bag from Libau, 585 Hamburgh, 4 Rot-
terdam, 52 Amsterdam, 201 Harlingen, 60 casks
Malta, 62 tons 15 boxes Barfleur, 9 p.ackages Bremen.

London Fruit Buyers and Auctioneers.

— On Tuesday a very large meeting of fruit, flower
and vegetable buyers was held at Freemasons' Hall,
to form a protective association. The Chairman
(Mr. P. H. Garcia) stated that the object of the
meeting was to take some steps to redress grievances
under which buyers had laboured for many years,
and which now, owing to their treatment by
the auctioneers, had become intelerable. It was
chiefiy to put an end to the undue running
up of prices and other unfair practices of
auctioneers that the society was to be formed.
They had not been called together to create a boy-
cotting association, but to discuss what right and
honourable means they could adopt to redress their
grievances and to protect themselves from the many
ill-practices— such as the manufacturing of samples,
the running up of prices, &c.— of which they com-
plained. He then stated that, while the Association
would not undertake to interfere with petty indi-
vidual disputes between buyer and seller, it would
take up and bear the cost and responsibility of any
case which aft'ected the trade generally.— Mr. H.
Rightly (the hon. secretary) stated that more than
nine-tenths of the large meeting had enrolled their
names as members, and had paid a subscription to
the funds. Globe, Sept. 22.

384

THE GABDENEIiS' CITBONICLE.

[Septesibeb 24, 1887.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,

Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON ASD SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

Bosber'a Garden Edging Tllea.

HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

- - - ,j,|^^ j^j^^j

, - 1 for
J KITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slus:
Insects, take up little
and once put down inc
further labour or expense,
own " Edgings, con
quently being much cheaper,
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F, ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Koad, £.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED G.IRDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconips, &c.,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kindw. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. KOSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

eiLVER SAND,

k_? fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,

and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood

the te«t of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be

applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6rf. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station. Is. 8rf. per gallon in casks of 3fj, 20, or
10 gallon^;.

HA 77"7^ Tf) A7 Every cask bears the above Registered

T^ade Mark. Beware of cheap

HILL & SMI TH

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

CARSON'S PAINT

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and OU Mixture, Free to all Stations,

intrf for Inside Work, CoDServntorie-., .^c.
terns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

Non-Poi?

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. ;

liAfMIELORS WALK, DVBhm. — Dismmit frr Ciish.

NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS ot all descriptions, RAFFIA FIBKE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MAKENDAZ and FISHER, 9 and
10, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis, Lice. Red Spider. Thrip. Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, Ac. dc.
PERFECTLY ) '° ^^^ Hands and Pkin, but will eur«

(SOLUBLE) INSEGTIOIOE

A fi,iiil.iTi:.li..n nf Uv.hccnl.im flil.-, m.,.^,■ n.liil.le io
Wutrr, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whoth.n ut 1!iu l:,.ots or
on the Folii^e,

Sold by Seedsmen and (llTiemists. Is. Gd, Ts, G.l. & -s. 6d;

A gallon 7s. Gd, 1 gallon 12s. Gd, or less in linger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL es an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester,

Wh..l..s.ik. : HoopKii S: Co. , ConitY, S.jpf.b, Fowi.f.u i- Oo. ;
C. E. O.iJiAS & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. NEW
YORK— KuLKEK & SOMS.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

Throirs a fine
ypriiij 20 ft., and
ajd 30 ft., u-iih
great furce.

A splendid,
snlstitute for the
Si/ringefof u-iing
Insecticide, Price
2.5s. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45s.
Carrias^-e Paid.

For
Glass Houses

GREEN&CREAMCOLORSHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applied — I.a.sts all the

.Summer, and can then be easily washed ull. Is., post 1'3.

For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas, JJ 8 | OlU P~0 >

&c., and for Cut Flowers. Fl U L>) rl E.O

FLORAL CEIVIES^IT.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

Vov rn'vi'iitiiifi Vines Bleediiig nftcr rrnniiip:.
Vc-ry elfectiutl iii prevenliub' I't'.r (lu^v of Kip in Yinrs bring
wasted. la bottles 1/G and 2,6. Per pM^t, :ui. .xtni.
or Destroying Beetles, Cockroa
Crickets. Bu^, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c,

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

M.,st firrrliril in rir«.nlu«w.s,-ff,r Anuii:ils and Bed
(iutliiHT, rn.v. lid.. Is. A- ■-•li. Frii.o.sl :ia. extra.

E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES, V7,;y,L'^.''

I/'OTORIA & CATEATON STREET, M^.NOHESTER

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

RH A L L I D A Y and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of "'hich they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made o£ the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.

2-light frame. 8 feet by 6 feet 1 -p^r,:^„ ( 3 10 0
3-lightframe.l2feetby6feet^„^ff'''?.|J 5 5 0
6-lichtframe. 24feetby6feet^^^®^ ^^^( 10 0 0
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

CO.,

R. HALLIDAY &

Hothouse Builders and Engine
EOY.IL HORTICULTITRAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

.M.\NCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr H SKELTON, Seedsman, &c ,

2, HoUoway Road, N

3d-

Fonign of th. il»». M.
and 4ths qualities ilv\t)>k.i't
stock of similar currel

1 of 16-OZ glass

200 teetboxi

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtjiined from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

nLA.SS, LEAD, OIL and I'OLorR MERCHANTS,

34, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, E.C.

stock Liat and Prices on upf.hciUnin. Quote Chronicle.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HOETICULTITRAL BUILDEBS.

121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, EC.

W H LASCELLES and CO w 11 g ve Est mates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and
send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in varioos
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bnnhill Row, London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
r..ii~.Ti itones. and I'onrrete Slabsfor Walls, Paths, and Stages,
s. hi ,,,-. fr.,.oni,pi.!H.,l„,i,.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

Packages ami packing frte. and dclici-rrd to am/ London Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

21 c

13i by 8} for 10/- for 14/-

14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6,
15/6 or 260 squares SJ by (ij, or 220
19/- squares, 9J bv 6^, or 170 squares,
24/- i) by 7J, or 1.50 squares, 10 by S,
for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders

Z\l-

rJEi.

0 ., 12 „ 24/- „ 35/-

Gla-ss cut to any si/e at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OLL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready miied for u
a tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5(/. Jier pound. Special quotatic
iven for large quantitie-i.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,

14. Moor Lane. Crlpplegate, London, B.C.

BECKETT BROS.,

Horticultural Engineers, Chelmsford.

Apply for our

Special LIST of Cheap and Substantial Buildings,
POST-FREE.

SfiPTEMBEn 24, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

885

'DomesticliJater- SupplYi

© " RIDER'S Petent HOT AIR

I Household Pumping engine,

© with pBtent ~ '

ire movable
^ Furnace

Cost of i
raising S

10 0 0 Gaim©

QO ft. High I

One PENNY.g

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERSani HEATING ENGINEERS.

Our GREEXHOUSES and HEAT-
ING APPARATUS are Erected in
every part of the Kingdom.

Complete Ranges of

VINERIES

PEACH HOUSES,

FORCING HOUSES, &c..

GARDEN FRAMES

of pvery variety in stock.
General CATALOGUE Po%t-free.

WHY PAY HIGH PRICES,

When you can purchase a thoroughhj good and sound Champagne for

30/. DOZEN. GEVENCEY. 30/-°»^eh.

SOLE AGENTS :—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,
99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

OLD-ESTABLISHED WINE and SPIRIT MERCHANTS and AGENTS.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSORIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

_1887.

Please send me " Thb Gaedenebs' Chronicle " for

__Months,

commencing _

_,for which I enclose P.0.0,^

IS" Please Note that all Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, l-5s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3.!. 9d. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DRITBY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOKD."

FAAVIvES' Slow-combus-
tion HEATING APPARATUS.
— Most efficient and cheapest in ex-
istence. Requires no sunk stokehole
and no brick setting. Will last all
night without attention. Will burn
house cinders, therefore costs next to
nothing for fuel. Any one can fix it.
A domestic servant can stoke it.

Boilers Delivered Carriage Paid
from £2 10s

paratus of tin
kind.

ptfte Appnratu
which u'tlt jiot
la.^t (ill night

Fullpitrticulars

of

every sized Ap-
paratus, and
numerous Testi
moniab for last

showing enorm

free on applica
tion.

CROMPTON &

CHELMSFORD

QUfi^^Mi^j

FAWKES,

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK lEONSVOSKS, STOUEBBIDGE,

The Best
i*fe. and Quickest
Made.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot- water Pipes, 9feet long, 4s. Zd. each;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each.

Full Illustrated Revised Price List on applicatt.'m.

HENRY HOPE,

HorticuHitral BuihltT and

Ilot-icater Enginei

6S, Lionel St., Birmingham.

Plans and Estimates on
application.
Experienced Workmen sent to any part of the Kingdom.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWOKKS, STOURBRIDGE. '

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot- water Pipes, 9 feet long, As.Zd.e\
4-in Socket Hot- water Pipes, 9feet long, 4s. 6rf. each.
Full Ilhistrated Revised Price List on application.

886

THE GABDENER8' CHBONICLE.

[September 24, 1887.

THE CARDENER^GHRONIGLE.

Scale of Charges for Advertising-.

Head Line charged as two.

4 Lines.'

£0

3

0

15 Lines.

. £0 8

6

5 „ .

. 0

3

6

16 „ .

. 0 9

0

6 „ .

. 0

4

0

17 „ .

. 0 9

6

7 „ .

. 0

4

6

18 „ .

. 0 10

0

8 „ .

0

0

0

19 „ .

. 0 10

«

9 „ ■

0

5

6

20 „ .

. 0 11

0

10 „ .

0

6

0

21 „ .

0 11

6

11 „ .

0

6

6

22 „ .

. 0 12

0

12 „ .

0

7

0

23 „ .

. 0 12

6

13 „ .

0

7

6

24 „ .

. 0 13

0

14 „ .

0

8

0

25 „ .

0 13

6

AND SIKPE^fCE FOR ETERr ADDITIONAL LINE.

If 38t across two Colamas. the lowest charsa will be 20s.

IE set across three Coluaaas. the lowest ch;irge will be 3:)s.

P.vge, £S; Hilt Page, £1 lOs. ; Column, £!.

3ARDEtt£RS an4 OTHERS WANTINa SIT0ATI0K3.

215 words, incluliQg name aail allress. Is. 6(.,
|aQd 6i. for every additional line (abont 9 words) or part

Th

THESE
■i scale do
Situations

ADVERTISE.ME

's not apply
which are ch

to
irg

dat

the

ements of Vacant
ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT XOTICE.— Aiosrtisers are cauUonei
agaimt hioinj Littirs ailrmei to [iiitials at Pjtt-o/fi^e^, at
all Lstters so aiirsi^ei are opjmi by the authorities ani
return^i to ths ssaisr.

Births. Deatsj aal MiRBii.as5, 5?. erjh imertioa.

Aiosrtissmmti for tht current w;ek mu3T rei':h the OJioe

h'j Thitrsiiy noon.

All Sal)3criptioa3 Payable in Advauca.

TSE U.VirsD Kl^'i!o^t: 12 M):lMl^ 153.; 6 Mjuthi,

73. 61.; 3 Mootli^. 3S. 9d.

ForEIQ;? (exc^ptiti; iQilia ami Cliuia); including Postag;,

173. 61. for 12 Mjaths: Imlia and Chioa. 193. 61

Po3b-offica Orders to ba raaftfl piyable at the Post Oflfiie,

42, DaURr L-iNE. W.C. to W. RlCHiRD3.

PUBLISHING Office and Office for Advertisements.

41. Wellin^fcOQ Street. Sbraad. London. W.C.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railwav Accidents, Employer's Liability, insured .isainat by the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
CO.MPANY, 64, Cornhill, London. Income, £246.000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings. W.C. ; Head
Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.
WILLIAM J. VTAN. Secretary

THE BEST REMEDY FO.^ INDIGESTION.

r

CAMOM

Are confidently

Beo Testimonial, selected from hundreds :—

CROYDON, iSSj.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, I am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
"J. WILKINSONr

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price 15. i\d., 2s. gd. and 115.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

QRATEFUL— COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILINQ MILK.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

(Publishers of May's Prkss Orinp:,)
ADVERTISING AGENTS.

l.V.., pICr.VDILLY,

LONDON, \V.,
RKCEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London. Provincial,
Coutinental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre-
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.
Special advantages to Large Advertisers.
Established I80O.
Only Address — 159. PlCCADTLLT, London. W.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published siiii.e 1865. by F. BURVE-
NICH, F. PaTNAKRT, E. RoDIGAS. and H. .T. VAN HULLE,
Professors at the Horticultural .School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of tlip

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six weelts on statirn; Ihf ]>iirpiise for
which the paper is required, forwnr.iiir n im. i 'pI .li h'-, Ami
sixhalfpenny stampsfor postagi, :i ' li. f /'(•■?

Herald Office. Birmingham." Tli. '■/ ' . -Jd

always contains large numbers %A ;rU' k -'■\w- ii . i- ..ii.n;^ to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for .Sal'' :iii'i u. i-.* L.i.

EVUE de I-HORTICULTURE BELGE

et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review) — 13th vear. — .imongthe principal Contributors are : —
A. Allard. E. 'Andre. C. Baltet, F. Bun-enich, F. Crepin,
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx. T. Moore. C. Naudin. B. Oliveira,
H. Ortgies. E. Pynaert. E. Sodigas. O. Thomas. A. van Geert
Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. Tan Voliem, H. J. \'eitch. A West-
mael, and P. Wolkenst«in.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages, 8vo. with two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom ; — One year
14s. payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 134, Eue de Bruxelles, Ghent. Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYN.4ERT.
Ghent.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. T. Griffiths, late Head faardener at
Woolley Park, Wakefield, has been appointed
Head Gardener to H. Appleton, Esq., Adel
Hall, Leeds.

Mr. D. Haylee has been appointed Head
Gardener to W. Hannafobd, Esq., Tenterden
Hall, Hendon, N.W., in succession to Mr.
Watts.

Mr. T. Reed has been appointed as Head Gar-
dener to Sir Augustus Addf.rlev, Davenport,
Bridgnorth.

Alexandra Orphanage, Homsey Rise. N.
AAT'ANTEl), aGAUDENKU, tn take Charge

T T alone of the Garden at the above Institution for
Orphan Children. Wages 23s. per week, with cottage and
vegetables found. Age not to exceed 40. One with no encum-
brance preferred. Applications, with copies of three testimon-
ials, to be sent in to the undersigned notlaterthantheSOthinst.
— JONADAB FINCH. Secretary; Offices, 173, Cheapside. E.C.

M

ESSRS. THOS. CRIPPS and SON, The

Tuubridge Wells' Nurseries, Kent, have a VACANCY
in their establishment for a first-class PROPAGATOR of Hard
and Soft-wooded Plants. Must be especially skilful with
Clematises, Rhododendrons, Roses, Conifers, Acers, &c. —
Address as above, stating age, wages required, and enclosing
testimonials.

WANTED, a thoroughly experienced
ORCHID GROWER, a young married man preferred,
who has been several years in his last situation. Must have
unexceptional references. — Apply, by letter only to F.
SANDER AND CO., St. Albans.

WANTED, a young MAN, to attend to a
Garden, and to make himself generally useful as a
Labourer in the Works. A good character from last place in-
dispensable. Wages 5J<i. per hour. — Apply at the Mathema-
tical Instrument Works, Lower Road, Charlton, near Woolwich.

W" ANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN,
not under 21, in the FLORAL. SEED, and NURSERY
TRADE. Must have had good ''xperi-ib-.- in each depnrtment.
be quick at Floral Work, ,mM .i i'^'\ S.il.'sman.— Full par-
ticulars, with refereiHT-, v |, &c., to EDWIN
HILLIER, Seedand Fiunil I' , l .' . -t.-r.

HANS NIEMAND am- e'l.'., Royal Nurseries,
Edgbaston, Birmingham, are in WANT of a respectable,
sliarp, young MAN, with good address and taste, well up in
the Cut Flower Department, Wreath, Bouquet, &c.. Work, to
act as Salesman. One with some knowledge of Book-keeping
preferred.— Apply, as above, stating fall particulars and
referpiK-es.

WANTED, a young: MAN, thoroughly expe-
rienced in making Wreaths, Crosses, and Bouiinrts,
iirid to take charge of Stand when required, in Smithtield
Market, Manchester. — Apply with full particulars to GEO.
WILLIAMSON, Bloomabury Nursery, Timperley, Manchester.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — ft :s very important in Remitting by Postal OrcUr
that it should be Jilted m payable at A'o. 42, DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into uL-hose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B.—Tht best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to annoimce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worccjtter.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— Several very supe-
rior Men on our Books, whom we can recommend with
utmost confidence. Establi'hed 1717.— AUSTIN AND McAS-
LAN, Nursery and Scedsm.'u, li;, llurlianau Street. Glasgow.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND .SONS, having filled many-
important places, can RECOMMEND with every conft-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHN LAING
AND SONS. The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, B-ULIFFS, or G.ARUENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S. High Holborn, W.C.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAO
GARDENER, and also another MAN. who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.

MANAGER or UARDENKll. MiaJlr-at^ed,
single; energetic. Thoroughly exp-n ' iifhes

of the profession — the Rearing of Arlntc ' iii;l;_'l-

ment of Woods and Plantations, and thf I, -. n mh.i ll.i-nre
Grounds and Ground Work generally. Goud nti-n-iuvs. — U. c.
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, WeliiugtonStreet, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 37, married.—
A Gentleman wishes highly to recommend his Head
Gardener, who has lived with him six years. Underetands his
profession in all its branches. — G, G., Frauklands, near
Burgess Hill. N.W.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 27.— G. Merritt,

Gardener tj the Right Hon. Lord Dacre. Kimpton Hoo,
Wehvyu, Herts, desires to recommend his Foreman, James
Anderson. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Testimonials
of the highest order.

ARDENER (Head); age 37, married.—

A Gentleman wishes highly to recommend his Head
Gardener, who hsis lived with him six years. Understands his
profession in all its branche-s. — G. G., Franklands, near
Burgess Hill, Sussex.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 31, married, no

family ; can be well recommended by present employer
as a successful Grower of Grapes and other Fruits, Winter
Flowers, and Vegetables.— The GARDENER, Hanstead Cottage,
Hanstead, St. Stephens, St. Albans.

ARDENER (Head).— D. Knight, The

Elms, Warrington, is at liberty to engage ^vith any
Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorougli prac-
tical man capable of taking charge of a garden establishment
on any extent. Good references.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 28, single ; Pro-
testant. Fourteen years' experience in some of the best
and largest Gardens in England, viz., Linton Park, Lythe
Hill. &c. At present Foreman at Burghley Gardens. — Testi-
monials from above places, and particulars from R. GILBERT,
Burghley Gardens, Stamford.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 28, single.— H.
Downing. Gardener, Norbury Park, near Dorking,
Surrey, will be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentle-
man a thorough honest, sober, industrious, hard- working man
who thoroughly understands his business. A Single-handed
place not objected to. Shall be pleased to answer any inquiries.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mr. Clarke
Gardener. Lowther Castle, Penrith, has very great plea-
sure in recommending h's Foreman, Wm. Webber, to any
Nobleman. Lady, or Gentleman, wlio may be in want of a
thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, with excellent
references from previous employers.

ARDENER (Head).— Captain Felly, R.N.,

wishes to recommend his late Gardener — a thoroughly
trustworthy and practical man, with many years' experience
in all branches of Gardening. He thoroughly understands
the Forcing of all Choice Fruits and Flowers under Glass,
Vegetables, &c., and is a thorough good all-round man ; also
thoroughly understands the Management of Laud and Stock
if required, and is also a good Manager of a Staff of Men. —
Captain PELLY. IC.N., Forest Rise, Waltbamstow, Essex.

September 24, 1887.]

THE GARDENER S' CHRONICLE.

387

GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and
BAILIFF. — No family ; thorough practical man, well up
in every branch of the profession. Excellent character and
references.- J. L., Mrs. Williams, 1, Belcher's Lane, Bordersly
Green, Birmingham.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three are
kept; no objection to good Single-hanpkd ; age 31,
married, three children. — Mr. Jacksox, Gardener to J. Lees,
Esq., Berry Hill, Mansfield, will be pleased to recommend liis
Foreman, J. Thomas, to any Lady or Gentleman reiiuiring a
practical Gardener. Nine years' good character from present
employer.

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or two others are kept. — Age 27. single ; experienced in
Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Hants, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Over four years' character.~E. BRADFORD,
Laleham, near Staines.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 38,
married, one child. — W. P. Jones wishes to recommend
his late Head Gardener to a Lady or Gentleman requiring the
services of a thoroughly practical man. Efficient in all
branches.— Manor House, East Fincldey.

GARDEXKK (TTf \). "Working), where four
01- ni' : _-; understands tlie Growing of

Gni^e^. IVa. h -, ■■■'.■ i iimbers. Pines, Stove and Green-
house I'hiiit- ; .1- . M ::, . u, lit of Kitchen and Flower Gar-
den; ten years' experuMiL.e. Good character. — C. H, Messrs.
Daniel Bro'thers. Exchantre Street. Norwich.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30;
thoroughly experienced in Grapes, Peaches, l\Ielons,
Tomatos, Mushrooms, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Chrysan-
themums, Tuberous Begonias specialty, Kitchen and Flower
Garden, Early and Late Forcing. Thoroughly recommended
as a good all-round man.— G. F., Deerfolts Halt, Earl Stonham.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 32.
married, two children. — Advertiser would pay a bonus
of £5 to any one procuring him a good Head Working Gar-
dener's situation. Well up in Early and Late Forcing of Vines,
Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Flower and Kitchen Gtudening. Leaving when suited. Four
years' good character from present situation as Head. — W. B.,
2, Hockley Terrace, Bridge Street, Greenwich.

GARDENER (Head Working), or FORE-
MAN, where throe or four are kept.— Age 33, married ;
eight years' character. Understands Vines, Stove. Green-
houses, Kitchen Garden.— J. BARNES, Botley, Southampton.

GARDENER (Head AVorking, or good
SlXGLE-HAXliED). — Twenty years' practical experience.
Excellent character. — A. S., 9. Thrale Road. Streatham, S.W.

GARDENER. — Age 26, single; understands
Flower and Kitchen Gardening and Cucumbers. C;iu
?.lilk if required, or attend to a Horse. Four vears' good cha-
nufer.— W. WISBEY. V\'hitebarns, Buntingford, Herts.

G1 ARDENER.— Thoroughly understands his
H" profession in all its branches. Speaks French, German,
and English. Wanted re- engagement. — A. R., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Ktreet, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER.— Age -26 ; very competent, ex-
perienced in all branches of Gardening, Speaking and
Writing French, English, and German, a good Draughtsman,
requires employment in Great Britain. — WILLIAM, Chateau
Bellerive, Cezy (Yonne), France.

GARDENER ; age 35, married, no family. —
— A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Gardener,
wlio has been with him eleven years. Thoroughly experienced
in all branches of the profession. — J. D., 3, Weissenburg Ter-
race, Ore, Hastings.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him ; age 36, married, four children. — A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses, Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons, Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

G GARDENER (Working).— Age 37, single;
F thoroughly understands his work. Good character. —
C. S., Blake's Green, near Sevenoaks, Kent.

GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILU^'F.
— E. Packabd, Esq., of Birkfield, Ipswich, can with
every confidence recommend his Gardener. Wm. Sheppard, to
any Lady or Gentleman requiring the sen*ices of a steady prac-
tical man. Wife thorough Dairy and Poultry Manager,
Cause of leaving, estate sold.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
another one or two are kept. — Middle-aged. Will make
himself useful.— J. DEAN, l.^, BeU Lane, Enfield Wash,
Middlesex.

GARDENER (Second), in the Houses, where
four or five are liept. — Age 22; eight years' experience.
—J. P., The Gardens, Avenue House, Church End, Finchley.

GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN
in a good establishment. — Age 22; good character and
testimonials from previous employers. Disengaged. — A.
KVERAKD, Shord Hill, Kenley, Surrey.

GARDENER (Under or Single-handed).
— Age 25 ; ten years' experience Inside and Out. One
year and nine months' good character. — J. W., Si, Fleet Road,
Hampstead, N.W.

GARDENER (Under), Indoors and Out.—
Young ; can be well recommended by present employer.
— G., Woodlands Cottage, Muswell Hill Koad, Highgate, n!

GARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; eight years'
experience Inside and Out. Well recommended.— AliPHA,
Mrs. Steers, The Stables. Palewell, Sheen, S.W.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 23; ten years'
good character from last situation.— Please state wages,
&c., to W. WRIGHT, Deene Hall Gardens, Wansford.

G< ARDENER (Under).— Age 22 ; has had
r good experience of both Inside and Out. Excellent
character.— A. HAWKES, The Gardens, Gosfield Hall, Hal-
stead, Esssex.

G

ARDENER (Under). — Age 21 ; good

character. Total abst^iiuer. Eighteen_ months' expe-

QEED TRIAL GROUND GARDENER.—

O Advertiser requires a situation as above. Several years'
experience, -with good references. Abstainer.— DIXOX, 74,
Sunny Hill Road, Streatham, S.W.

FOREMAN, where two or three are kept. —
Age 23; ten years' exp>.>rience. Good references. — A.
SMITH, Wichnor Park, Eurtou-ou-Trent.

FOREMAN.— Age 28 ; thorough knowledge of
the successful Cultivation of all Icinds of Fruit, Flowers,
and Vegetables. Character will b-_'ar the strictest investiga-
tion from early youth.— G.tRDENER, Mr. Meredith, Seedsman,
Warrington.

OREMAN.— J. Evans, Gardener to A. Akers-

Douglas, Esq., M.P., can with every confidence recom-
mend his Foreman, F. Lupton, to any Gardener requiring an
energetic and trustworthy man. Good knowledge of Plants
and Fruit. — Address, Chilston Park. Maidstone.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN (Working).— Age 26 ; well up in
Roses, Fruits, Packing, Jic, ami General Nursery Work.
—NASH. Mr. Dixon, Lees Nurseries. Fellimm, Middlesex.

FOREMAN, or SECOND, in the Houses.—
Age 24; twelve years' practical experience. Highly
recommended. Five years' good character.— C. HARVEY,
Amptield, Romsey, Hants.

FOREMAN GROWER, on Commission or
otherwise, of Flowers and Fruits for Market, or private
purposes.- T. C, :Market Square. Bishop Stortford, Herts.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24 ;

JL well up in the Propagation of Clematis, Roses, and
general Hard and Soft-woodetl Plants. Good references. —
JOSEPH HOLMES, Kingsdown, Burwash. Hawkhurst.

ENERAL PROPAGATOR or PROPA-

GATOR and FOREMAN.— .Middle-aged. Well up in
Market work,- E. W., 7, Dacre Street. Lee, S.E.

ARKET GROWER of Fruit, Roses, Ferns,

Flowering Bulbs, and Roots.- Well up in Roses under
Glass for Cut Bloom. Skilful I'rppagator. Long experience
and character. — HORTUS, Mr. J. Phillips, Orton, near
Peterborough.

JOURNEYMAN in the Houses.— Age 23 ;
six years' esperienec.— C. WILKINSON, Woolsthorpe,
Grantham.

JOURNEYMAN; age 21.— Mr. Thollope,
The Firs, Lee, Keut, can recommend a smart active
young man for Inside or Out. Five years' experience.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21;
three years in present situation. Good recommenda-
tion. Bothy preferred,- S. H. SNELL, TheDaison, St. Mary's
Church, Torquay.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
establishment. — Age 22 : eight years' experience among
Flowers and Fruit; good reference.- M. R., T. Waller, The
Gardens. Avenue House, Finchley, N.

JOURNEY'MAN, or Second in the Houses, in
a good establishment. — Age 24 ; ten years' experience and
references.— W. K., 13, South Street, Harborne, Birmingham.

To Florists.

SALESMAN, or GROWER, in town or
country.— Good reference. — G. G., 22, Oxford Road,

To Nurserymen and Others.

ASSISTANT. — Age 2ij ; German. Good
Propagator and Grower of Hard and Soft-wooded
Pljints, Ferns, &c. Experienced in all branches. — A. R.,
Gardeners' Ckronicle 0&i:e, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

IMPROVER. — A respectable young man seeks
re-engagement in the Houses. Willing to pay premium.
Good character.— Box S.34, 402, Strand, W.C.

TMPROVER, in the Houses,— Age 20 ; strong
X and active. Good references.- E. HENEAGE, the Gar-
dens, Reve^by Abbey, Boston.

IMPROVER, in the Houses in a Cxentleman's
Garden. — Age 18 ; is strong and willing. Two years' cha-
racter.—Rev. G. HORNER, Mells Beclory, Frome.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden. — Age
16 ; two and a half years' experience. Good recommenda-
tion.— S. HALL, East Liss, Hants.

TO GENTLEMEN, AGENTS, and OTHERS.
— An experienced Growerof Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables,
&c., would take the Management of (Gentlemen's Gardens to
Grow for Profit. Small salary, and -.ommission. Married,
no incumbrance. Good character.— HORTUS, Mr. Wisdon,
8, George Street, Gipsy Hill, Upper Norwood, Surrey.

ro MARKET GARDENERS and OTHERS.

^ —A thorough practical Tomato Grower, Inside and Out,
I open to engagement; also Cucumbers, Grapes, &c. Many

TO FRUIT GROWERS and OTHERS.—
Experienced man wants engagement where a thorough
knowledge of Top Bush Fruit, Strawberries, Nuts, &c., are
required. Good character. —FRUIT-GROWER, Mr. Merritt,
57, Tliurlow Hill, Lower Norwood, Surrey.

0 NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation in

the Nursery. Age 22. Nine years' experience. Good
character from present and previous employers. — B. F., 14,
Exmouth Road, Sonthsea, Hants.

0 GARDENERS, &c.— Wanted, by a young

man (age 21), a situation. Has good experience in
Ferns, Roses, and Bulbs.— J. C. 5, Harvey's Cottages, High
Cross Lane, Tottenham.

fyO GARDENERS, &c.-AVanted by a youth

-L (age 17) a situation under a Gardener. Good character.
— F. B., Gardener's Cottage, Ferndale Road, Brixton, S.W.

nnO GENTLEMEN, &c.— Wanted, employ-

X mcnt for a Young Man (age 20) for Outdoor Work in a
Gentleman's Garden. Good reference.— Miss MITCHELL,
Great Tew Vicarage, Enstone, Oxon.

"yO GARDENERS. — A Lady wishes to

-L Apprentice Two Lads, aged 1.5 years respectively. —
Eeplv, in first instance, stating wages given and Premium
required, to W. HARRIS, The Gardens, Warens, Lyndhurst.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN.— Age 29: well up in all depart-
ments, including Florist Work and Sundries. Fifteen
years' experience. — W. STONE. Market Sijuare. Retford.

To tlie Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 22 ; nine years' good prac-
tical experience in all departments. — ALPHA, i. Pound
Villas, Pound Road, Banstead. Surrey,

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN.— Age 29 ; thorough practical
knowledge of Seed Business, and well up in Bouquet,
Wreath, and Cross Work. Fourteen years' tirst^class refer-
ences.- -F. WARD, 1.32, High Street. Southampton,

Seed Trade, &o.

SHOPMAN,— Young ; good knowledge of Trade,
Oifice routine, &c. London and Provincial experi-
ence—part time in Wholesale Department of large London
House. With a view to ultimate Partnership when mutual
confidence established (if desired), or would accept a position
of trust.— HEATH, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN, or SECOND.— Age 23; seven
years' experience. Seeds, Bulbs, &c,, with knowledge of
Books.- D. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Strei-t. Strand, London, W.C.

C HOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five

O years' experience. Good knowledge of Plant and Seed
Trade. Good references,— J.VO. HARDING, St. Keots, Hunts.

Q HOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21; six

k_/ years' experience. Exceptional references. — J. H.,
R. B. Laird & Sons, Edinburgh.

SHOPMAN, CLERK, or TRAVELLER
(experienced), desires situation. — Trustworthy and
obliging; good references.- M. A., 78, Pevensey Road, East-

S HOPMAN, or WAREHOUSEMAN.— Age
23 ; six years' experience. First-claas references. —
T. W. G., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

OOK-KEEPER, oi^ CLERK. — Young ;

fifteen years' experience in Wholesale and Retail Seed
Trade. — J. F., Messrs. Cross & Donaldson, Leith.

SEED TRADE.— A young Englishman seeks
a situation in a good ilusiness, Wholesale or Retail —
Office, Shop, or Warehouse. Moderate salary. Excellent
knowledge of German. Two years' experience in good German
Houses. First-class testimonials. — D. F. G., Messrs. Cooper,
Taber & Co.. Wholesale Seed Slerchauts, 90, Southwark Street,
Loudon, S.E.

^rO NURSERYMEN.— The Advertiser (age
-L 22) seeks a situation in Office. No objection to Assist
in Shop. Eight years' experience with Paul & Son, The " Old"
Nurseries.— T. JUDD, Windmill Street, Cheshunt.

TO FLORISTS,— Wanted a situation in a good
Florist's Shop. Well experienced in Plants. Furnishing,
Decorating. &c. Age 24. Good reference. — J. W., Bam Elma,
Barnes, S.W.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS and OINTMENT.
— Rheumatism and Neuralgia. — Tliough the former
disease remorselessly attacks the young and robust, and the
latter ruthlessly selects its victims from the weak and delicate,
the same medical treatment will infallibly cure both complaints.
After the affected parts have been diligently fomented with
hot brine, and the skin has been dried, HoUoway's Ointment
must well and perseveringly be rubbed in for a few minutes
twice a day, and his Pills must be taken according to the
printed instructions -wTapped round each box of his medicine.
Both Ointment and Pills are accompanied by instructiocs
designed for the public at large, and no invalid who attentively
rea(£ them can now be at any loss to doctorhimself successfully

388

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[September 24, 1887.

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Large Lois of PLAIN USEFUL 3IATEBIALS, at EXCEPTIONALLY LOW PRICES.

6,000^^ COSTUME TWEED, ^^--^-'-^^q^coiou., sd.
6,000 „ HEAVY SERGE, ^^ ^-^'°« ^°'°"".
2,000 „ HOMESPUN TWEED,

12^00 „ HEAVY MELTON CLOTH,
4,000 „ FRENCH FOULI, ->

3,000 ^l^' NEW HEATHER CLOTH, ''
3,01

IRISH FRIEZE,

In all Colours.

7d.

Extraordinary Value.

2,500 „ ESTAMENE SERGES, ^^^^^'^ l/Ojd. ^ry.r,.
2,01

REAL WHITBY SERGES,
,500 „ NEW COSTUME CLOTH, LX'

REMNANTS OP DRESS GOODS, '"anr^nyhtt^i'tarrcSr'^

SEND FOR PATTERNS, FREE.— Please name Gardeners' Chronicle.

10/- and 20/- per Bundle.

ROBINSON 6c CLEAVER'S

IRISH CAMBRIC POCKET HANDKERCHIEFS.

Per doz. :— Children's Bordered, 1 2d. ; Ladies', 2 4 \d.

IRISH DAMASK

TABLE LINEN.

Gents', 3/6d. Hemstitched :— Per doz.. Ladies', S/ll^d. ; Gents,' 4/lld.

Fish Napkins, 2s. lid. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, 5s. 6d. per dozen. Table
Cloths, 2 yards scjuare, 2s. lid. ; Ss yards by a yards, 5s. lid. each. Kitchen
Table Cloths, Hid. each. Strong Huckaback Towels, 4s. 6d. per dozen Frilled
Linen Pillow Cases, from Is. 4^. each.

Monograms, Crests, Coats of Arms, Initials, &c., Woven and Embroidered.

SA3IPLES and Illustrated PRICE LISTS, post-free to any

part of the in, rid.

INITIALS WOVEN and EMBROIDERED.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST,

Telegraphic Address :— "LINEN", Belfast."] [Send for Patterns, Free — Please name Gardeners'' Chronicle.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor; " Advertisements and Eusinem Letters to "The Publisher," at the Omce, 4i, Wellington Street, Covent Garden London W C
Printed by WllLLlM Biohabds, at the Offlce o! Messrs. BBiDBURT, Aqnew & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesei, and published by tie
Baid Wnjxtu BIOHARDS, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul'e, Coyent aarden, in the said County.— SiTUBDiY, September 24. 1887. Agent tor Manchester— Jomi HexwoOD

Established

No. 2440.

No. 40.-VOL. II. {i::z}

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1887.

rPRicE 3d.

I Post-free, .liJ.

CONTENTS.

de-

Applea of Nova Scotia
Birmia;i;faain Gardec

Association
British Association
Cassia corymbosa
Chrysanthemums as

corative plants...
Crocus vallicola ...
Edinburgh Apple

Pear Congress

Ferns and their cultiva-

Florists' flowers

Forestry

Fruits under glass

Gardening appointments

Gooseberries

Groupins hardy foliage
and iToweriug plants
for effect

Hardy fruit garden, the .

Hyacinth trade

Kitchen garden, the

Kniphofia palUditiora ...

Law .—

Nelumbium, the white...

Orchard-house, the

Orchid notes and glean-
ings

Orchids, watering

Ouvirandra feneatralis ...

Oxford, gardens of

People's Palace

Plants and their culture

Potato scab

Reichenbachia

Rhododendrons, grafted
,, greenhouse

Rock garden

Rose shows of 1887

Scotland

Suow plant, the

Societies : —

Gloucester

Royal Horticultural ...

Scottish Horticultural

Association

Tobacco in Cheshire

Tomatos, disease of

Weather

Illustrations.

409

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.^All Numbers
of the ^^ Gardeners' ChronicW from January 1
of this pear are still to be had.

RADFORD and DISTRICT CHRYSAN-

THEMUM SOCIETY.
The FIRST EXHIBITION of the above Society will be held
in the Technical School, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY,
November 4 and 5, when nearly ONE HUNDRED POUNDS
will be offered in Prizes. Schedules are now ready, and may
be obtained from

pHOELEY CHRYSANTHEMUM

yj SOCIETY.

Fresidetit—JAS. Eckebsley. Esq., J.P.

t'ice-President — Edw. Jackson, Esq., J.P,

The FOUKTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION of CHEYSANTHE-

MUMS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUITS, &c., will be held in

the Town Hall on NOVEMBER 18 and 19. Schedules may be

bad on application to

> Hon. Sees.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rliododendrons, Falms, OTcUda.

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs, B. SILBEER.AD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London, E.G.

IGHLY IMPORTANT FLOWER NOVEL-

TIES for 1887. — 1, Phloi Drummondii fimbrinta.
Novelty Gra^off ; 2, Phlox Drummondii cuspidata. Star of
Quedlinborg; 3, Salvia coocinea vai. lactea. Novelty Grashoff.
First'Class Certificate of Merit awarded by the Jury at Berlin
on August 25. Copies of copper-electro gratis on demand.

MARTIN GRASHOFF, Quedrnburg. Germany,

Wholesale Seed Growing HouAe.

My Wholesale Seed CATALOGUE will be ready in November.

BARR'S SELECTED BULBS
have gained many Medals and Prizes I Prices moderate 1
Quality unsurpassed! Full descriptive Catalogue free on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BARR AND SON, King Stre<?t, Covent Garden, W.C.

H

Ferns— Fema— Ferns,
B. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean

established Plants in small pots, suitable for oma-
ntal pots, or for growing on. .Sorts and prices on appli-
ion. Dvson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS," LONDON.

BEST HYACINTHS, Four Dozen, in 48'3, of
the best varieties in cultivation- all show varieties — for
20s. Free by post. Send P. 0.0. to

GEBBOEDEKS ROOZEN, Overveen, Haarlem, Holhind.
Price LIST of all sorts of Bulbs free. Package free; free at

WINTER-FLOWERING HEATHS, HYE-
MALIS and Others. Good Plants, showing well for
flower — cannot be surpassed — in 5 and ti-inch pots, 15s. to 24s.
per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH AND CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot,

GUERNSEY LILY (NERINE SAR-
NIENSIS).— We have a good Stock of these, showing
bud, which we can quote at a considerable Reduction from
Catalogue Prices. They should be ordered at once.

HURST AND SONS, 152, Houndsditch. London, E.

BURVENICH-DE WINNE, Gentbrugge,

• near Ghent, Belgium, offers: — 35,000 well-budded

AZALEA MOLLIS, from 10 —.50 buds; 20,000 AZALEA

INDICA, of superior growth, and for English use; PALMS,

RHODODENDRONS, DRAC.T:NAS, and General Belgian Stock.

Ask for PRICE LIST, tree on application.

Dutcb Bulbs.

EH, KRELAGE axd SUN, Nursehymen,
• Sekds.mex and Florists, Haarlem, Holland, have
Published their New (Abridged) CATALOGUE for the season
of selected Hyacinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs and Tubers
(No. l&l), which may be had post-free on prepaid application.

ILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and
Horticultural Agent. Covent Garden, W.C, can
now receiveconsignments of choice Cut Flowers in any quantity.

QU ELCH AND B A R N H A M,

North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STE.AW-
BEBRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly, oras preferred
by Sender, Baskets and LatJels supplied. References given.

w

MESSRS, GREGORY and EVANS,
NUKSEETMEN, Sidcup, and 28.'j, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" CO.MJIISSION, SIDCUP."

To Gentlemen's Gardeners and Large Growers

OF CUT FLOWERS.

WANTED, TO SELL on COMMISSION,
in Smithfield Market, Manchester, both large and
small quantities of Choice CUT FLOWERS, viz., Euchahs,
Gardenias, Roses, Bouvardias, &c. Boxes and labels found if
required. Daily or weekly settlements, and satisfactory
references given.

C, E. ARNOTT, Florist. &c, Lime House Nurseries, Lofton,
near Newton-Ie-Willows,

WANTER, ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM
(true). Send size and price, either for single plant or
for dor.en, to

W. GALE, Floral Commission Agent, 10, Burleigh Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.

WANTED, Six strong CAMELIA ALBA
PLENA, about 9 feet high, to be grown on trellis.
Send offers to
Messrs. H. SMITH and SONS, Market Gardeners, Isleworth,

WANTED, GERANIUM and CALCEO-
LARIA CUTTINGS. Price per 1000 for cash.
A, MAWER, Clarendon Eoad Nursery, Sale, Cheshire,

BUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

O containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and post-free to
intending purcliasers.

SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

XpiNEST

X' CROWNS

LILY

OF

THE

VALLEY

for Early

Forcing,

by Gustav A.

Schultz,

Berlin. For pri

e write to

JACOB AND

VALENTIN, 66, Cheapside,

London

E.C,

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CIIIONO-
DOXA LUCILI.*; (Glory of the Suow), strong hom-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s, per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

ERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLhY.—

The very best for forcing, Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowe.^t price on application to

H. DAMMANN. Jr., Breslau, Germany.

pARNATION "MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE."

\J ^A sterling novelty. See Large Advertisement in issue
of Sept. 10, 1887. CATALOGUES on application.
JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

ORCHIDS.— To be Sold, cheap, a quantity of
Established Odontoglossum Alexandre and Rossi majus,
A 1 varieties. — Apply to

G. W. DUTTON, Summerfield, 15, Curzon Park, Chester.

IPLADENIA AMABILIS. — Two good

Specimens, in flower, for sale, price £3 10s. each, or
6 gs. the pair ; warranted free from Mealy-Bug. Also good
Specimen BOUGAINVILLEA GLABRA and ALLAMANDA
CHELSONI. Price on application to

A. GIBSON, Halstead Gardens, Sevenoaks, Kent,

ILY OF THE VALLEY, — Strong, care-

fully selected Forcing Crowns of the true Berlin sorts,
at 30s per 1000, carriage free to Loudon, payable on delivery,
are offered by

FRITZ LENZ, Schidlitz, near Danzig, Germany.

EA ROSES for Autumn and Winter Flower-

ing. — Fine healthy Plants, in pots, full of flower-buds,
12s., 18?., and 24s. per dozen ; extra strong plants, 8 to 10 feet,
of MAEECHAL NIEL, GLOIRE DE DIJON, CHESHUNT
HYBRID. &c., 3s. ed. to 6s.

J. ROBSON, The Bowdon Nurseries, Altrincham.

p H 0 I C E NAMED

KJ HYACINTHS.— 3s., 6s. 6d., 6s. 6rf., and 8s, per dozen.
Send for our Special List.

Prices very moderate.
OAKSHOTT AND MILLARD, Direct Bulb Importers, Reading.

To tlie Trade.

JOHN MOOY begs to inform his Friends
that he has arrived in London, as usual, with a large
stock of DUTCH FLOWER BOOTS. All Orders shall receive
his careful and prompt attention. Please address

JOHN MOOY, 11. White Hart Street, Catherine Street,
Strand, W.C. Private address, 7, Catherine Street, Strand, W.C,

OR SALE, well-grown Specimen FERN and

STOVE PLANTS, including Adiautums, Crotons, Stepha-
notis and Alocasia Veitchii. Must be sold immediately, on
account of change of residence.

Apply to GARDENER, Poyle Manor, Colnbrook, Slough.

AING'S BULBS. — White Roman HYA-

CINTHS, tine large roots, 143. per 100; extra large picked
roots, 16s. per 100. Paper White and Double Roman NARCIS-
SUS, 9s. per 100. Our FLOWER ROOTS are unusually larga
and well ripened this season. Prices low. All carriage free.

GLADIOLUS, The Bride, home-grown bulbs,
lOs. 9d. per 100. ANE.MONE, Honorine Jaubert, white.
Autumn flowering, 8s. 6rf. per 100. Packing and carriage free.
WALSHAW AKD SONS. Scarborough.

A Few Large Healtby

PALMS, 3 to 6 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamserops excelsa, and Phcenix reclinata — from 10s. per pnir,
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

390

THE GAJ?DENEJ,'S' CHIWNICLE.

[OCTOBEH 1, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulbs-Bulba-Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SKLL by AUCTION,
at hii Great Room-. - K- -_ Sir . I , CoventGarden.W.C
every MONJ)AY, WEDM-li >'! • - \ IUKDAY, Fir»t-rfiis3

BULBS from Holland, l.ili , i ; i lluyers.

On view morning' -M :-ii' imi ' M.ilognea had.

Wednesday Next.— i>^;ii'' >'o. 74!i7.)

500 AZ.4.LE.V INUIC.V tu uanie. tine plants «ell set with

bn.l-.

?d dii

MR. J. C. STEX'EXS will include the above in
his SALE by AUCriDN, at his Great Rooms, 38. Kinj;
Street, Coveiit Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
October 5. at liaU-past Vi o'Olot-k precisely.

0:1 view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orclilds In Flower,

MR, J. C, iSTEVEXy begs to announce that
his next SPECIAL SALE ol (IIU'IIIIIS in FLOWER

and BUD will take phu'r .i Ir-i.i' ii I: !.. ~, Knf; --ti..t.

Covent Garden, W.C, .> \\ I i ' I : ' \ i ' ' ' ' . I

will beglad if Gentlenv II ■, >'- ' i

Sale will please send part I 'II, K - II. ii mi.;- ihm iimr-.n;. mm.

Milford Nurseries, nejtr Godalmlng, Surrey.

Three-i)niirl..r< ,.( a mil.- from Milford Station, and 1 mile from

New lio.lalmiiig Station on the direct Portsmouth Line.

ANNUAL SALES.

IMPORTANT THREE DAYS' SALE of FIRST-CLASS

NURSERY STOCK.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises as above, on TIIESD-AY,
WEDNESDAY, and THURSDAY, October 25, ii. and 27, 1887,
at 11 for 12 o'clock precisely each day, by order of Mr, Maurice
Y'oung. a portion of the beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK,
in capital condition for removal. Including —
4,000 Bushy LAURELS, li to 2J feet.
10,000 Strong Evergreen PRIVET, .3 to 4 feet.
1,000 BERBERIS DARWINII, 3 to ,3 feet.
1,000 Tree BOX, 2 to 3 feet.

iiOO AUCUBAS, IJ to 2^ feet.
6,000.Choice named RHODODENTJKONS and TONTICUM.
1,000 AZALEAS, ANDRO.MEDAS, and HARDY HE.IlTHS. .
7,000 SPRUCE FIRS, 1 to 4 feet, suitable for Christmas Trees

or for Plantations.
4,000 PINUS AUSTBIACA, IJ to 21 feet.
1,600 .^BIES DQUGLASir, 2 to 4 feet.
2,500 CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 3 to 4 feet,
3,500 RETINOSPORAS in variety. IJ to 3 feet.
50,000 ASH, 1 to 2 feet.
4,000 Strong ALDER, 4 to 6 feet.
10,000 Strong SYC.4.M0RE, 4 to 6 feet,
10,000 Strong WITHY, 4 to 6 feet.
7.5,000 SIrong QUICKS.
10,000 2-yr. Seeilling ASPARAGUS.

Choice STANDARD and DWARF ROSES.
Oruamenlal DECIDUOUS TREES.
FLOWERING SHRUBS.

Standard and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, CLLVIBIXG
PLANTS, &c.
May be viewed a " eek prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be
liad on the Premises, and of the Auctione.'rs, .3'!, King Street,
Ctovent Garden. London, W.C.

Bagshot, Surrey.

THOUSANDS nt FRUI 1' I'KRKS. Sf.in.liir.l- :ni.l Dwart. ;

HiiLLii':-!. i,\i i;i:i s. i;;:!:i:i:i;is, lii.i stkim, imio-
IiiMii'M'K'i . , ..,;,--!.. . ) !'i:i -, III 1 i\'i
sl'iii; \s. \, \! I \ - I .II', I. 1,1 ..t II \i:iiV

SHia'L.S ,,u. • I - "I I. ii , I -I- . i.'iT_' 11 . . mr. .,1-

of an outlying iSursi-rv Mr ai.-Miute . i..ariince.
To which will be added a very large and varied stock of all the
most valuable NURSERY TREES and SHRUBS in

M'lC J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. Charles Noble to SELL by AUCTION on
the Premises, as above, situated half a mile from Sunningdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, TUESD.iY, and WEDNESDAY,

November 7, 8, and 9 ;
MONDAY, TUESD.A.Y. and WEDNESDAY,

November 21, 22, and 23;
MONDAY, TliESD.iY, .and WEDNESDAY,
December 5, 6, and 7 ;
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day. Further particu-
lars in future advertisements.

May be viewed one week prior to Sale. Catalogues had on
the Premises, and of Mr. J. C. STEVENS, Auction Rooms and
OtBces, 33, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS. — ORE.VT UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS will
SELL hy AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
87 atil .- '■'■.. ,,;!., London, E.C., every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, 'i i ' ri'W, at half-pa.st 11 o'clock precisely,
exte,, ' iiU of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NAm II -. , . : iii.T BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
i|Ualltv, ;..; I, .1 u. -I. a lUe Trade and private buyers.

On vi.-w murjiing of .Sale, and Ciitahwues h.ad.

On Wednesday, October 5, 1887.

MUSIC HALL, SIIKEWSHUKY.

IMPORTANT SALE of a choice and raried COLLECTION of

RARE STO\'E and OTHER PLANTS (a number having

taken Prizes in the keenest competitions), valuable

ORCHIDS, &c., includiuf; Palms. Cahnliums, Stephanotis,

Lapageria, Aloes. I-uj. s. . , ■ i-,.,, Al .idenhair and

other Itare Ferns, i i ::,s, Speci

Azalei
Pla

Decora tiv

ME.SSRS.\VILLL\M liM.I \>. \ I BRIDGE,
AJTD OWEN are honour. I i' s from the

Misses Bannerman, who are Iciu III • i i i , i ,:. (n SELL the
above by AUCTION, at the Mu-h ii„ ,,, „ lllr^, on WED-
NESDAY', October .5. Sale at IJut;.. k |,.,.i„i,l.

Particulars in Catalogues, to be iiad from the .Vuctioneers'
Offices, Belmont, Shrewsburj',

Wednesday Next.

SALE of AZALEAS, PALMS, and other PLANTS from Bel-
gium, FERNS in great variety, GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
LILIES, DUTCH BULBS, NARCISSUS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 07 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, October 5, at Half-past 12 o'clock precisely, without

On\

ling of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLAKH-AL grand Importation.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., to
SELL byAUCTIO.V, at their Central Sale Boom', 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, October 7, at
halt-past 12 o'clock precisely, a grand importation of ODONTO-
GLOSSU.M VEXILLAKIUM, in tine masses and in splendid
condition— the best importation yet received; CATTLEYA
A UREA, in line condition, collected and brought home by Mr,
.1. t^iird.r. manv of them being seen in llower. ODONTO-
i.lMSsi \| \ l.l\ \ \ 111; 1.; Ml' the best type and in splendid

I fu~i

. Kn

I I I I il-. -■_ I- 111.- l.ilr <JdoutOglOSsUl

111.' 1 ji I .ml li.iii, i.iir|ili' >. in. 'lies, O. Rcezli, Pilumna uobilis,
llollca -pe^H-s, pi-taK deeply tipped with crimson and probably
BoUea Kiabochorum ; Cattleya Sanderiana, Warrea cyanea.

and W. tricolor.

ling of Sale, and Catalogu

Preliminary Notice.— Boleyn Nursery, Upton.

Important to Nurserymen, Florists, Market Growers, anil
Others.
SALE of the FREEHOLD NURSERY, with numerous GLASS
ERECTIONS, and also the STOCK and UTENSILS in
TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
favoured with instructions from Mr. Crowe to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Boleyn Nursery, Upton,
a short distance from the Upton Park Station, on TUESDAY,
October 11, at 12 o'clock preciselv (unless previously let or
sold by private treaty), the compact FREEHOLD NURSERY,
consisting of a large block of Land, with 14 well-built Green-
houses ellicieutly heated by Hot-water Piping, Pits, &c.

Following the Sale of the Nursery the whole of the valuable
and immense stock- of . FERNS, PAiMS, «nd other GREEN
HOUSE PLANTS will be offered in suitable lots for the Trade

The Auctioneers desire to call particular attention to this
Sale, as the Nursery is ready for immediate occupation, and
pre.-eiits a capitjll opening for any one desirous of embarking
into a business of this description. Fuller paiticular.s will

Ciilal.iKii.'s luav be had on the Premises, and, with particuhars

of till- -N . --1 :.!■ - r. l']:iiTliri:iiE axp MORRIS, 07 and

lis. ( I 1. I .i I , !.., 1-1 . t:,, who will be pleased
to I- -1 -1 I - for either Letting or

Borrowash, near Derby.

HIGHLY IJIPORTANT SALE of BEAUTIFULLY GROWN

SPECI.VIEN CONIEFPS for effeftive Planting.

ToNohlemen.Gentj.-ni- 11. T mi-. . i.n: i i -, .nid Others.

MESSRS. PRiil lli.|;ii| -, ,i, MnlMHS are
instructed hv M. - w 1 i i . M .SELL by

AUt'l'IoN, on tlie I'l. 111. I i. ) . - i \ . - -.-i us, Itorrow-

II- h, II. -11- 1 1- -I .. 111-. .- in-ii II. -■ 1-. ii'l, I-. - . l; i-.iu ash station,
.1-1 \'. I 1' .; .n I ■ 1 ill l; .!• \ • , -'.-.. I IJ and 1,3, at

:: I - 1-1. - I 'vof BEAUTI-

II 1.1.1 (ll;ii\\\ .M Ksi.-ii", sliii .iv,«ii,. h hiis been care-
fully pr.-piire,l lor nmoval, iiiclii.ling a great variety of
choice and rare specimen Coniferie ; matchless specimen
(iolden Yews and Hollies; green and variegated Hollies;
large orn.amental Deciduous Trees for Park or Street planting ;
JiWO Laurels of sorts ; very fine Standard and Pyramid .'Apples
and Pears ; Rhododendrons ; 10,000 true native Larch, 2 — 4
feet; large quantities of transplanted Forest Trees; strong
Thorns, Sie,

The Stock may be viewed any day (Sundays except.sd).
Catalogues had at the Nurseries ; at Messrs. B.ARRON and
SON'S Seed Shop, 16, Market Street, Nottingham ; and of the
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E,C.,
and Leytonstone, E.

Sales of Nursery Stock.

Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others engaged in

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call attention to the FOLLOWING SALES,
which have now been definitely lixed : —
OCTOBER 17 and 18.— At the NURSERLES, WIMBLEDON,

By order of Messrs. D. S. Thomson & Sons.
OCTOBER 20.— At WALHAM GREEN. By order of Mr.

Whittle.
OCTOBER 21.— At the NURSERY, KNOCKHOLT, SEMiX-

OAKS, By order of Mr. W. Dale.
OCTOBER 24 and 25.— At the NURSERIES, RICHMOND,

S.W. By order of Messrs. G. & W. Steell.
OCTOBER 26.— At the ELM NURSERY. BRIGHTON. By

order of Mr. Thomas.
OCTOBER 27 and 2.S.— At the ROYAL NURSERIES, ASCOT.

By order of .Messrs. J. Standisli & Co.
NOVEMBER 1.— At the HALE FARM NURSERIES, Totten-
ham. By order of Mr. T. Ware.
NOVEMBER 1, 2, and 3,— At the NURSERIES, CATER-

HAM. Byorderof Executors of the late .Mr. G. .1. Woollett.
NOVEMBER 2.— At the NURSERY, HARROW. By order

of Mr. Naylor.
NOVE.MBER 4.— At theNURSERY, SUNDRIDGE. IDE HILL.

SE\'ENOAKS. By order of Mr. Cattell,
NOVE.MBER 7 and 8.— At the NURSERY, PENQE. By

order of Mr. E. B. Haynes.
NOVE.MBER 10 and Il.-At the AMERICAN NURSERIES,

LEYTONSTONE. By order of the Executors.
Other Sales are in course of preparation, and dates of these
will shortly be announced. The Auctioneer will be glad to add
the Names of intending Purchasers to their permanent Lists,

Market Gardens, Sands End, Fulham, S.W.

IMPORTANT SALE of 13 acres of fine SEAKALE for forcing.
CAULIFLOWER and CABBAGE PLANTS, RHUBARB
BOOTS, CROPS, STOCK and FURNITURE.

MR, MALCOLM SEARLE is instructed by
.-Urs. I ass, to SELL by AUCTION, without resene, as
all"-.-. Ill II 1 sIiAY, October 11, at 10 o'clock, 3 very grand
Kill I ' II -. 17 hands high. Carts, Vans, Implements,
Till I I'll! glasses, 130 3-Iight Forcing Frames, Manure,

Lull 1,^ '■-. 1 1 ii-i hold Furniture and Books. Viewday prior.

Catalogues at sandu, Martin's Lane, Cannon Street, City, E,C,

To Landed Proprietors, Intending Planters,

and Others.
Large and Important SALE of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. WINTERTON, BEALE and
WINTERTON are instructed by .Air. Edward Holmes to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, at the Whittington
Nurseries, near Lichfield, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
October 18 and 19, and following day, if necessary, an
immense quantity of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK, remark-
ably well grown, and splendidly rooted. The whole of the
stock to be offered has been carefully cult iv.it.d and frequently
transplanted, and will bear removal with j .'rf.-i t -af.-ty. Tlie
trees, &c., sent from these Nujsseri_es.l"r iiiiniy y-Av- ]iii-tlia\e
earned the reputation of " always doing w.-ll."

FRUIT TREES, true to name, of the b.ist -oris, many in the
bearing state — acomplete collection. Some fine Trees of that

I- Crab, "John Downit

ificent and highly i
will be included in this section.

FOREST TREES, many thousands, healthy young stuff-
Chestnuts, Elms, Firs, Pines, Poplars. Birch, &c.

EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS — one of the most complete and comprehensive
Collections in England, including new and beautiful varieties
of the common Laurel, Lilacs, Syringas, flowering Thorns, &c,

CONIFERS. — A collection noted and unique. Many of the
Shrubs in this section have Ijeen specially grown for winter
gardening, potting for decoration, &c., and deserve special
attention. GOLDEN YEWS in variety and quantity.

RHODODENDRONS.— Choice named sorts, ponticums, and
other American plants,

CLOIBERS, hardy, in great variety ; and a fine selection of
the best HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

May be viewed any day prior to Sale. Catalogues may be
obtained of Mr. EDWARD HOLMES, on the Premises; and ef
the Auctioneers, Estate Agents ' and A'aluers, St. Mary's
Chambers, Lichfield,

London.

To FLORISTS and OTHERS engaged in the FURNISHING
TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have
been favoured with instruclions to SELL by PRIV.^TE
CONTRACT, a very old-established and well-known FI'R-
NISHING and CUT FLOWER BUSINESS, at present for
Dispos.al solely in consequence of ill-health. Every facility for
investigation will be given, and full particulars will be fur-
nished on application. Capital required will be between

£4000 and £-5000.

nd 68, Cheapside, E.C.

FOR SALE, the Lease of SMALL NURSERY,
slocked with Vines, Tomatos, Ferns, and other Pot
Plants, — For particulars apply,

.1. LAKE, .'Mrs. Felgate, Church Road, Leyton, Essex,

ENEKAL NURSERY, FRUIT GROWING,

and FLORIST BUSINESS. — Surrounded by several
large towns. Unusual opportunity to an enterprising man.
Nearly 4 Acres of good Land, 11 Greenhouses, well heated,
with Residence. Rent on Lease, £6i), or the Freehold would be
Sold— stock, good-will, &c., at valuation, about £600. Full
particulars of
PROTHEROE A\n :M0RRIS. 67 and 6.9, Cheapside, London.

Forest Gate— Great Sacrifice.
''PO BE LET or SOLD, a compact NUR-

JL SERY, with several GreenhouscFi and Cottage. Leiise,
11 years. Rent, £3i>. No Stock. Capitol opening.

Full particular of Me:;.sr^. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
67 and 6S. Clu'ap-^ide. E.C.

Atherstone, Warwlcksh re.

TO BE LET, by Tender, for a term of Twenty-
one Years, determinable at sereo or fourteen, nil those
valuable premises known as THE GRA.PERY. ATHERSTONE.
with five Cottager, Garden Ground, and Field ; the whole con-
taining 14 acres.

The Buildings comprise : — A Vinerj',105 feet by 40 feet over;
a Vinery, .S2 feet by 24 feet over ; small lean-to Vinery ;
StephanotiH-honse, a Span- roof 18-Iight Pit, Span-roof Cucum-
ber-houfie, 52 feet by 14 feet 6 inches over; Vinery over Cot-
tages, 122 feet by 25 feet over; and Lean-to Vinery.

The Vines are of high quality; the whole of the premises are
in good working order; they are close to the railway station,
having direct communication with Town.

Most of the Garden Ground is let in allotments, the rent.'i of
which, with the Cottages and Field, amount to £l30.

The Lessee will purchase the Stock in Trade on the premises
at a valuation. Possession at once.

For Terms of Tender, and other information, apply ±0 the
undersigned, to whom Tenders must be sent in, marked
"Tenders for Grapery."

WfLLIAM ARMISHAW,

Clerk to the Goveruors of the Atlierstone Grammar School.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

lirSlNK-SSES to W DISl'OSED UF.

MESSRS. PKUTHEKOE and MORRIS^
H0RTICULTLIR.4X REGISTER contains full parti-
culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and ^», Cheapside. London, E.C.

BOUVARDIAS, fine bushy plants, 30^.
per 100; CYCLAMENS, good, in 48's, 30s. per 100;
GARDENIAS, strong plants. 30s. per 100; Tree CARNA-
TIONS, best sorts, .^Os. per 100— good plants.

W. JACKSON. Blakedown. Kidderminster.

October 1, 1887.]

THE GAEDENERS' CHEONICLE.

391

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

FULLV RF.CK

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London, A\^

THE NEW NARCISSUS.

LARGE-FLOWERED PAPKll WHITE FORCING.
No Garden shouUi be without this splemlid aciiui-itioii. It
is a greatly improved form of the old Paper-white, lluwers
earlier, larger, and more prolific.

25, per dozen ; 125. 6rf. per 100 ; flOs. per 1000.

O A K S H O T T AND MILLARD,
Direct Bulb Importers, Reading,

ECONOMY in the GARDEN !

CHEAP good BVLliK

THE PENKY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S
CATALOGUE,

fh-ntk nnd Pnxt-fi;,: .",00 Illu.^trtttimx.

BIDDLES & COMPANY,

LOUGHBOROUGH,
LEICESTERSHIRE.

DUTCH AND OTHER

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualifies^ at mocJeraie prices.

Large Collections of nil the very best vnrieties of Hyacinth?,
Tulipi, Crocuses, Xarci=-i,' Lilies. Snowdrops, &c.

Priced CATALOGUE post-free on ajyplication.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, 4.*;. per
ditto in large pots. LVi/;,

RICHARD SMITH
Merchants. Worcester.

100. Plants in small pof.s. Iti.v. per 100;
per 100. De.^criptive LIST free.
AN'D CO., Nurserymen and Seed

TO THE TRADE.

.iO.fHXI NAKCISSt. DOUBLE WHITE,

20.000 „ PHEASANT EYE,

10,000 ,, HOOP PETTICOAT, GOLDEM,

10,000 ., ,, CITRON,

8,000 „ PALLIDUSPR-«COXCpalemlphur),earIiestofall,

4,000 ,. MOSCHATUS. pure white, Pyrcnncin Daffodil,

J other choice varieties.
CROWN IMPERIAL, Red and Yellow,
CHIONODOXA LUCILLE, fine home grown,
„ ,, collected,

SARDENSIS,
WINTER ACONITES,
IXIA CRATEROIDES (fine crimson),
SNOWDROPS, Double and Single,
,, Crimean Giant (G. plicatus),
„ Elwes-s Giant,
VALLOTA PURPUREA (in full bloom),
100,000 CROCUS, Yellow, 2nd and 3rd size,
20,000 HYACINTHS, miied, bedding.

Very low offers on application.
Wholesale Bulb CAT.ALOQUE Free by Post.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

EXETER STREET, STRANO, LONDON, W,C.

RASPBERRY CANES, selected Fastolf, SO.--. ;
s rong Carter's, -liH. per 1000,
STRAWBERRY PLANTS, Sir .loseph Paxton, 12.«. per 10t«l.
Terms cash.
R. BATH. Osborne Farm, Wisbeach.

QA C\i\i\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of

OU^V/UU flnest Double and Single Variet:

all the

Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants: extra strong plants, repotted into o^inrb pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO.. Nurserymen aud Seed Merchants, Worcester.

Grandest Violet ever Offered.

MR. J. CILVMllKUS, Westlalce Nurseries,
Isleworth, Lomluii. \\'., i^ now sending out his New
Double \'IOLET " VICTUKI.l. " Strong Plants, full of Howcr-
buds, at Is. I3rf. each, or 18s. per dozeu, free by post. All orders
\u be accompanied with remittance. Trade price on application.
First-classCertilicateRoyalllorti.ulturalSociety, April 12, 1887.

Daffodil Planting,

HARTLAND'S Origin.al LITTLE BOOK for
1SS7. Post-free, Is. r,.(. It is beuutifullvIUustrated by
GkktrUDE Haktlaso, conlainiug numerous full-sized Dniw-
ings, and, as a work of art, uuiquc. From the great demand
W. B. H. finds himself compelled to have it reproduced. Please
write for copy, and prior to your sending Daffodil orders; if not
pleased your money will be refunded. ADuplicate Copy (not illus-
trated),"with a General BULB LIST, can be had free of cost,
and the Book itself is presented gratis with orders above 40s.

W.M. BAYLOR IIARTLAND, Secdsmim, 24, Patrick Street,
Cork, Ireland.

p H E A P 0 F F E r".

\J AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, fine bushy plants, 10 to

2.=) buds. ^^. to 9s. per dozen, 50s. to 60s. per 100.
RHODODENDRONS, seedlings, from the very best scarlets,
9 to 12 inches, bushy, 20s. per 100.

The above are fine stuff, and are offered at n low rate, being
on ground that must be cleared for building purposes.

Our New General CATALOGUE for the present srason is
now ready, and will be sent to any address on application.

ISAAC DAVIES Axn SON, Nurserymen, Ormskirk. near
Liverpool.

IFRCFYF^RUIT TREES.

O ^ r\ O 1^ I Carriage Paid. Cordons a sin-riiilite.

Write f..r llhi-^trated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORMT

A\p SON High View Nur'^rics who will send, carriage

pa d for ca 1 tl order FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 2l3.

Eirly orders t oig plants.

U ll^UtoH'S MILL-

TRVCK MUSHROOM SPAWN.

Hj 11 kno Tl to require descrip-

P e bs per bushel (Is. extra

t I 1 for package), or 6rf. per

f by parcel post. Is.

unless in sealed pack-

i I 1 cultural directions

o I tl oursignatureattached.

\\ M ClTIJL'SH AND SON

t 1) Nurserymen and Seed

1 H ghjiate Nurseries. N.

DUTCH AND CAPE BULBS

IHHErT FROM THE GltnWEIlS,

ANT. ROOZEL& SON.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

OF CHOICE HARDY FLOWER ROOTS
For Indoor and Spring Gnrdenins, again enlarged, now

Collection " F," for Spring Gardening,
Containing 1000 Bulbs.

)Hv

■intbs,di«

,=.0 French Ranunculus.
50 Snowdrops, single.
50 Spanfsh Iris.
21 Triteleia uniflora.
24 GladioliM.
4 Lilium umbellatum.
24 Scilla sibirica prfficox.

.50 Tulips, single, early.
.50 Tulips, double.
24 Tulips, single, late.
20 Narcissus, Polyanthus.
.30 Narcissus, incomparabili^
24 Narcissus, Poeticus.
50 Anemones, double,
24 Anemones, single.
41X1 Crocus, in 4 distinct colour

Collection " C," for Indoor, containing'
284 Choice Bulbs for 60-Pots and Glasses.

HalfoJ either of the nbooe for lis.

The above Packages may be had from our Agents, Messrs,
MERTENS AXD CO., 3, Cross Lane, St, Mary-at-Hill, London,
E.C., on receipt of Cheque or Post-office Order.

For particulars of our other Collections of Bulbs for INDOOR
and SPRING GARDENING, see our complete and revised
CATALOGUE tor 1837, which will be sent, post-free, on appli-
cation to our Agents, or ourselves direct.

ANT. BOOZEKT & SON, Nurserymen,

OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36,s, per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH &. CO.,

WORCESTER.

"ICCAItS COLLYER

A.ilumn I'ATAl.oGri-: ]i..u t-.<.\\
Hull

CO.'S

rn.idy. t.T:ili- ,uKi post-

WIIITE UOMAN UVACINI'HS, f.ir f.'iiviii^', selected
first size bulln, Is.vd. p.T .k./.-u, IL'v. piT li«i. PAPER
WHITE and DOUBLE RO.MAN NAUCISSUS lor forcing
fine selected bulbs. Is. 6<i. doz., 10s, 6U. 100. HYACINTHS,
choicest mixed, all colours, Is. 9rf. and 2s. per dozen,
12s. arf. and 14s. 6rf. per 100. TULIPS in splendid mixture,
all colours, (jrf. iloz., 3s. 100. NARCISSUS OBVALLARIS
(the True Tenliy Daffodil), monster home-grown bulbs,
most valuable for cutting and early forcing. Is. 3rf. and
Is. 6./. per dozen, fis. and 10s. 6rf. per 100. HYACINTHS,
rlioice exhibition varieties, 4s. (}«.. 5s. tit/., and 7s. brf. per
dozen. CROCUS. su|)erb mixed, all .SSI I., 1 i"rlli0,9s.
pcrlOOO. NARCISSUS I'OETICI'S. ; -hrown,

very fnigrant, excellent for cut hi -lirowii

bulbs, !J</. per doz.-n, .5s. per 100. ll;i-.|sii Im \C()RUS
(Y'ellow Flag), g.ind simiig phnits. i,,. ,.,, n. .,<. per dozen.
DAFFODILS. BiiiL'l.- llnuiTHii;. Al. |..-r .Ui/eli. :1s. per 100.
DAFFODILS, til.- .i|iM..iiM.-v.-ll..u'. li./.].,Tdoz., 4s.4)</. 100.
STEAWBERRIES.

LEADING SORTS (a- (Jatalogiu-.l) at lis. per 100 : or a

rolliTtiiMi of 100 ordinary sorts, willi uii i.li 5IoTislro-ity

ariil Citnii-il V. Iv. Carriage free. Ca^ll w Itll r.ril>-r.

CENTRAL HALL, SILVER STREET, LEICESTER.

'J'cl' ifri'iiii — " Ccnti'id, Leicester."

ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STOCK.

ALL IN FINE CONDITION.
INSPECTION INVITED.

New Catalogue free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE A^INEYARD & NURSERIES,
GABSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

15,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LEADING VARIETIES,

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by
any in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on
application. p^,^^ ^ ^^^ .j.^.^^^ ^^ application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICTJLTtTRAL CO.

(.KIHN COWAN), LlMITKIi.

THE VINFA'AKD ,an.i NrKSEHIE.S, GAKSTON,

NEAR LIVERPOOL.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that
without seeing it it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

FRUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLUS,

BOUVAKlltVS, IVI'I.AMKNS, KKIC.VS. El'ACIlls, I'RIJIU-
LAS, snLANT.MS. rilKl.; C'AUNATH iNS, and ..tli.-r

WINTER and SPIUXG U LOOM IS G PLANTS,

Of tine quality and immense numbers.

INSPECTION Invited.

The Glass Structures cover an area of 274,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

;>'^vt^o^t^i!

FREE BY POST OR R A! L

PRICE CATALOGUE POST j^E

iJAMESDlCKSOII&gQNS

"NEWTOOMSEMSWctcr
I08EASTCATES! jMEiM

392

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBEB 1, 1887.

ADIANTUM CUiNEATUM.— Strong Estab-
lishel Plants in single pot3, Hi. per 100, £8 10s. per
100 ' Cash with order.

O. ADCOCK, Florist, Bokeby Road, Brockley. S.E.

ARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good

colour, showing flower-bud, and absolutely clean, iu
6 a d 6-inch pots, 21.S. to 305. per dozen.

.iriH .sTaNDISH and CO.. Royal Nurseries. Ascot.

p u M A N HYACINTHS —

-It ROMAN HYACINTHS.— Splendid Bulbs, 12!. id. and
16.S. per 100. Other Flower Roots equally moderate.

LISTS Gratis.
OAKSMOTT JM) MILLARD. Dire, t Bulb Importers, Reading.

io hose about to Plant Roses, &c.

E\VIN.,i A-\i' Ci )., .^ea Vifw Nurseries, Havant,
rtillb.' ■ PT'> luiorwjrd, f^rati^an.l post-free, their Priced
t'e-. ..,,,. \(> Catritogue of the choicest new and old varieties.

^ ■.i.uEL].,IAS. — Very fine Specimens, 6 and

V^ 7 feet high, in pot^, to be disposed of. Apply to
' EAD liARDENER, York House, Twickenham.

wx-t.AVVBERRIES a Specialty,— W. Lovel

k!7 &.'5uw'b descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
appIi<ntiori. Sampleof plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
f rp^, .s /,— W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will ba pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

0 W R E A D Y^

WHITE IRIS AJsGLICA. THE BRIDE.
WHITE GLADIOLUS. THE BRIDE,
WHITE ANEMONE, THE BRIDE.
All very effective white tlower-i, for Cutting or Decorative

100 splendid roots of each of the above mentioned " Brides,"
may be had free per Parcel Post on receipt of P.0.0. for 205.
payable at Overveen, Haarlem.

GEBROEDERS ROOZEN, Bulb Growers, Overveen,
Haarlem. Holland.

Special quotations for larger quantities of any of the above.
De-criptive LIST of all kinds of Bulbs and Bulbous Plants may
be had free on prepaid application.

Package free; free at home.

ARNATION, "PAUL ENGLEHEAKT."—

New Crimson Clove, perfectly hardy, free lowering,
f.ue rich colour, remarkably fragrant,

REQUIRES NO STICKS.
See Garden, July 31, 1886 : August 1.3, 1887. Gilbert David-
so.v, having acquired from the Rev. G. H. Engleheart the entire
stock of this tiue and useful border Carnatiou, is prepared to
Book Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
requested. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict
rotation, at 2s. 6d. each, 21s. per dozen.

GILBERT DAVn>SON, Wemoleu, Ammanford, R.S.O.,
Carmarthenshire, S. Wales.

BMALLEK AND SONS beg to olTer to the
• Trade a verv extensive and unusually well grown stock
ot EKICAS (Hvemiilis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS, BOUVARDIAS, .U)IAN-
TUM CUNE.lTf-M and other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS.
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

SPECIAL OFFER to the English Trade of
100,000 INDIAN AZALEAS, from 50s., 70s., 80s., 100s.,
1203., to 200!. per 100.

AZALEA MOLLIS, GHENT AZALEAS, RHODODEN-
DRONS, CA.MELLIAS, FERNS, PAL-MS. for Table and Gen-
eral Decoration. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA, SPIR^AS,
LILY OF THE VALLEY, and various other Plants for forcing.
All at very moderate charges.

Wholesale CATALOGUE, free on application, from
A. VAN OEERT, Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

PRIDE OF PENSHURST CARNATION.—
The best pure Yellow Self ever introduced. As a Border
variety, for hardiness and free flowering it is unequalled.
Aivarded First-class Certificates at Royal Horticultural Society,
Boyal Botanic Society, and wherever shown. The most profits
Bbl« of all to growers of cut bloom for marl'et.

Eltra strong well-rooted layers of this lovely variety,
carriage paid, at 7s. tiff, per dozen. Sample pair, post-free, for
It p«nny itamns. Price to Trade on application. Addreas
F. WEBBER, Quarry Hill Nursery. Tonbridge, Kent.

Carpet-bedding Plants.

FOR SALE. — IJX.MELIATE DELIVERY.
40,000 ECHEVERIA SECUNDA GLAUCA,
20,000 KLEINLA REPENS,
and other CARPET-BEDDDJO PLANTS in variety.
Price per 100, lOoO, 6,000, 10.000, or 20,000
On application to
JOHN ROBERTS, The Gardens, Tan-y-Bwlch, R.S.O.,
North Wales.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EVEKUREEN HEDGES.

The tliree best Shrubs for forming Hedges :—
THOLA LOIiWI, 2 to 3 feet, «s. per dozen, SOS. per 100.
YEWS, Engli-h, 2 to 'ii feet, 8i. per dozen, bOs. per 100; 2} to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 76l. per 100; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per
dozen. I.'i0>. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, IJ to 2 feet, 6s. per dozen, .TOs. per 100; 2 to
2J feet, 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100 ; 2J to 3 feet, 12s. per
dozen, 7&s. pir 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS AND SON, Billing Road Nv
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address—" QUICK," NORTHAMPTON.

NO T I C E .

5,000 VICTORIA PLUMS, 3 and 4-yr., fine stuff.
6,000 GAGES and other varieties, 3 and 4-yr., fine.
2,000 trained PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRICOTS.
These are 8plen(Kd Trees. Will be sold cheap, to clear
ground, for ca^h. Samples and prices on application.

ELSDON A>-D CO., The Vineries, Milton, Cambs.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE EEPUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, aliout 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-busheI bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. IW. per sack ; 6 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22«. ; sacks,
4tf. each.

COARSE SIL^'ER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per haU
ton : 2(5s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack,

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRQIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Writ« for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a. Ctoal Yard), W.C.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE, newly made.— Great

reduction. In bags — 20, 14s. ; 40, 25s., bags included.
Truck-load of two tons, 20s. All free on to Rail.

J. STEVENS AXD CO., Greyhound Yard, and 1.53, High
Street, Battersea, S.W.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Tw(j Prize -Medals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 5s. per sack ; 6 sacks for 22s. tW.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6(f. ,, 6 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. 6(f. „ 6 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... ")

PRBPARED COMPOST, best (is. per bush., as. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD. „ j

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. id. per bush., 14s. halt ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... 8<i: lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialit*) 8<f. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest MiUtrack ... 6s. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER--) In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for ( . ■ ^

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 14lb. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruits. Vegetables, &c. ... j 1/6 3/- ,5/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6rf. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubbs special process),
sacks. Is each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks. 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;
30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Ca^h with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD. MILWAIX, LONDON. E

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best qualtti/, as supplied to t/ie Hoifal Garden.^, Ac.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 for 22s. 6i.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack, 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6if. per bushel; 14s. i-ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 4s. per sack. [2.5s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAil 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA. LABELS. STICKS. BAMBOO C-INES. VIRGIN

CORK, CHE^^CAL MANURES. Sic.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack.
SPECIALITY TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, eachSrf. perlb. ;

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free bv post.

W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange' Warehouses, South-
wark Street,. London, S.E.

WASPS I

Ask your Chemist
for the INSTANT-
ANEOUS DEATH
TO WASPS. Sold
Wholesale by BAR-

WASPS I

Place half a tea-
spoonful of the
mixture iu the
mouth of the hole,
and the Wasps will
to

DIE
IMMEDLATELY.

Peat for Orchids, &c.
TJEAT of first-rate quality, suitable for
J- Orchids. Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, Ferns, and
other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at moderate
prices either by the sack, or by the yard ; also lirst-rate PEAT
MOULD.— For printed particulars apply to D. CAMERON,
Forester, Mount Mascal Estate, North Cray, Foots Cray, Kent.

ARDENERS, &c., REQUIRING PEAT,

SAND. LOAM, POTTING COMPOST. GARDEN
NETTING. RAFFIA. MATS. &.C.. in large or small quantities,
will save 25 per cent, bv sending for our List of Prices, post-
Iree. ^BRINKWORTH AND SONS, Reading.

PE A T — PEAT — PEAT. —
Very superior, for Sale. Sent in any quantity, to any
address, at moderate prices.

For printed particulars, apply to D. CAMERON, Forester.
Mount Mascal Estate. North Cray. Kent.

EAT and SAND.— LightTirown PEAT for

Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beils. at 1.5s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. 6if. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine. Vis. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Famboro' Station. Hants.

ORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,

SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard). Central OfEce and Sales Room. 75A. Queen Victoria
Street. E.C., near Mansion House Station. DepOt; Swan Place.

Established 1864.

TREPHO forORCHIDS.

For Potting. Rafts, Blocks. &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S., F.R.H.3.,

75a, queen VICTORIA STREET, E.C. ; and

SWAN PLACE. OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all HoBTlctrLTURAL REQtnslTES post-free.
POTTERY of all descriptions.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS, FERNS, RHODODENDRONS,
and other choice Plants.

The Best in the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• Loudon, E.G., continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seeu at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSO.V AND CO. have No Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates.

CERTAIN DEATH

to MEALY BUG and other

INSECTS on PLANTS.

^ -*^ ^

PERFECTLY

HARMLESS

^ \^^ to the most tender plant.

In Bottles. 13. 3d. and 28. 6(L.

Post-fr,.e.

THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL
CHEMICAL COMPANY,
TONBRIDGE, KENT.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1S59 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly. and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces aa winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s.. and 10s. 6(i.

GISHUKSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and \s., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

Baskets— BaBkets.

SJ. WALDEN, Walham Green, Fulham,
• S.W.. and Salisbury Square. Fleet Street, E.C, supplies
all kinds of PLANT and PACKING BASKETS, at low pric««.

FRIDAY NEXT.

ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM.

Grand Importation.

MESSES. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instiiicted by Messrs.
SHUTTLEWORTH, CARDER and CO. to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, October 7, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, a grand importation of ODONTOOLOSSTTM VEXILLABIUM, in fine masses, and in
splendid condition — the best importation yet received ; CATTLEYA AXJB.EA, in fine condition,
collected and brought home by Mr. J. Carder, many of them being seen in flower ; ODONTO-
OLOSSUK ALEXANDB.S: of the best type, and in splendid condition ; ANGULOA RUCKERI,
OiNCLDIUM FUSCATUM, O. KKAMERIANUM, CATTLEYA GIGAS, the rare ODONTO-
GLOSSUM RAMOSISSIMUM, the light and dark purple varieties; 0. ROEZLII, PILUMNA
NOBILIS, BOLLEA SPECIES, petals deeply lipped with crimson, and probably Bollea Kla-
bochorum ; CATTLEYA SANDERIANA, WARKEA CYANEA, and W. TRICOLOR.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

October 1. 1887.]

THE GARDENEFS' CHRONICLE.

393

NOTE—" The best JUSTICE to Ireland is to give Irelaud a CHANCE.'

LADIES! LADIES!! LADIES!!!

You are Invited to send your NAMES
and ADDRESSES to

ROBINSON k CLEAVER, BELFAST,

that PATTERNS may be sent you, POST-FBEE, of their

SELECT DRESS MATERIALS,

Which COMBINE STYLE. QUAL,ITY. and GOOD TASTE with ECONOMY;
TREDUCE the DIFFICULTY of SELWCTION to a MINIMUM;
EMBRACE EVPRY SPECIALITB of the SEASON ;
COMPARE FAVOURABLY with ANY in the MARKET ; and
RENDER DISTANCE NO OBJECT.

N.B.-It mav he ufaled, hy im'j of " Introdiutiun.: that Roliinson .j- Clmir,- hold SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS to the Queen and the Crown I''-"'<:'%'i>^J^J™''"/:""'l
that "The Qdeen " savs their specialitee "have a world-imde fame T so that ladies are confidently invited to send Jor patterns of their SELEC I VlitSS
MATEEIALS."COMPARISONbeinytheo}ilyTESTofqitalUyr „ , ,,

IVm ladies phase name this paper to ROBINSON .f CLEA VER. BELFAST, and make a special request, for any article specially reqiarel ?

r\/^TTT>T C ■^RfTrvT'lJ /^ T /^T'LIO iny.eweit Stripes, Checks, Comhinatium, !,-c. Very Novel Styles, for Tailor-made Costume!!,
UUUtSLit^ WIUIH <^L<Uln:>, ^,.^,„ 1^ 4-M. V- yard to the Finest Goods made,

OCflT CDCMr"U lVrT7T?TM/%<l in Black and all Colours, at Is. ejd. per yard; Extraordinary Value. Sup3rfine
KfciAL. ^KhiNCM MfciKlNUO, re/«.^/»,V, French Cashmeres, at Is. h^,&. per yard .

A SPECIAL FEATURE is made of BLA.CK DRESS GOODS, and we are now offering

a Beautiful Range, which includes some very Important NOVELTIES for Autumn and Winter, also exquisite CANVASSES and
GRENADINES for Evening Wear.

IN ADDITION to all the NOVELTIES m FANCY STYLES, we have some

Lai-ge Lots of PLAIN USEFUL MATERIALS, at EXCEPTIONALLY LOW PRICES.

6,000^"° COSTUME TWEED,
6,000 „ HEAVY SERGE,

5d.

5d.

2,000 ,. HOMESPUN TWEED,

12,000 „ HEAVY MELTON CLOTH, — •-. b\d.

4,000 . FRENCH FOULI,

NEW HEATHER CLOTH,

AO

3,0^

2,500 „ ESTAMENE SERGES,

IRISH FRIEZE,

In all Coloura,

2,000 „ REAL WHITBY SERGES,

1 2d.

1,500 . NEW COSTUME CLOTH,

Latest Design

REMNANTS OF DRESS GOODS,

SEND FOR PATTERNS, FREE.-Pleast

■ Gardeners' Chronicle.

,"= 10/- and 20 - per Bundle.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S

IRISH CAMBRIC POCKET HANDKERCHIEFS.

Per doz. :— Children's Bordered, I'Sd. ; Ladies', 2/4^d. ; Gents', 3, 6d. Hemstitched :— Per doz.. Ladies', 2 ll^d. ; Gents,' 4/lld.

Fish Napkins, 2s. lid. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, 5s. 6d. per dozen. Table
Cloths, 2 yards square, 2s. lid. ; 2i yards by 3 yards, 5s. lid. each. Kitchen
Table Cloths, ll^d. each. Strong Iluckaback Towels, 4s. 6d. per dozen I- rilled
Linen Pillow Cases, from Is. 4Jd. each.

Monograms, Crests, Coats of' Arms, Initials, &c., "Woven and Embroidered.

SAMPLES and Illustrated PRICE LISTS, post-free to anij

part of the world.

INITIALS WOVEN and EMBROIDERED.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.

Telegraphic Address :— " LINEN, Belfast."] [Send for Patterns, Free— Please name Gardeners' Chronicle,

IRISH DAMASK
TABLE LINEN.

394

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBEH 1, 1887.

SUTTON'S HYACINTHS

AT MODERATE PKICES.

"AttlieUrijtol
Spring Show in
March last, the
Hyacinths we
liad from you

Silver Medal
from the Royal
Horticultural So-
ciety for the best
12 Hyi ■
the slK

G. MARSH.
Cirdmer to M.
Hif>ihii.Es,i..St.
Muhnd-s Hill

SUTTON'S
HYACINTHS

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

EARLY WHITE

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

OUR LARGE CONSI(iN.Ml':XTS
of ROMAN HYACINTHS. PAIKK WIIITIO NAE-
CrSSCS, &.-.. ar.- to han.l in spleud.J luiijitiou. and
^\.> li.iv.- mill h (ili.isiiri- 111 offering hue picked Bulbs
:it iiin.i.riit'i prir.'^, ;i- liiOiiw, carriage free: —
WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, extra tine roots, 2s. per

llii/'U, I'. I-r llM I 111, piT 11100.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, ordinary sized roots,

Iv. :i-/ |iiT,lii/iii. iL's- piT Hill, 110s. per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper WWte, H'lendid tor forcing. Is. lirf.

Ii.r il../rii. 111. !■»/ |ii r Mil. SII1.S, per 1000.
NARCISSUS, Paper White, new, large flowered,
jr to the old sort, 2s. 6ci.

l-r 111

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, «ne roots. Is. id. per

du^i-ii. U's. *jd. per Imi, Hos. per 1000.
Our beautifully Illustrated CATALOGUE (64 pages
imperial size) of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi. Liliei*, Fruit
Trees. Roses. &c., is now ready, and should be read by all
intending purchasers before making their selection.

DANIELS BROS.,

ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISH.MENT,

NORWICH.

P

UNTIMG Season

UNEQUALLED FOR
QUALITY"

"H^-ARIETY"
* "EXTENT."

PRICED CATALOGUES & ALL
PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION.

'James Dickson & Sons"

"lEWTOK" Nurseries,

Clnestex>.

0 BCHID S.

CHARLES PATIN,

Belgian Consul,

MEDELLIN, ANTIOQUIA,

REPUBLIC OF COLOIVIBIA,

Bcfjs to offer the following Orchids^

Aciueta Humboldti

„ Barken
Auguloa Clowesi

,. meleagris

BoUea I'atini

,, Lulindei
Brassiivola sp., white
Catasetum dis<jolar

„ sp.. white
Caitleya aurea ami gigas

,, gij^as Saiideriaua

„ Triaiiffi

,, chocoensis
Cyguoches chlorochilum
Cypripedium caudatum

,, Roezli

„ Schlimii

„ „ album
Cyrtopodium sp.. yellow, spot^
ted with brown [elmi

Epidendrum Frederic! Guili-

,, Imperator

Miixillariii ^\,.. ^^!ll(.
Miltouia War^r-'wiiv
Mormodfs ^p.. ■\\liite
Odontoslossiim coruii

,, Alexandra:

„ miniatum

,, liliifloruin

„ Hallii

„ luteo-purpureu

,, Pescatorei

" Spathaceum

„ vexillarium

,, Wallisii

Oucidiu

thum

„ serratum

„ trepador sp. nova

„ sailimii

,. Weltoni
Peristeria elala
Pescatorea Dayana
Pilumua fra grans

„ nobilis
Subralia amoeua

,, leucoxantha

„ xantholeuca [brown

Stanhopea sp., yellow, spotted

,, ,, white, sweet smell
Stenia timbriata
Telij-Wgou, six specie.-*
Tricopilia bp. See Pitumna
Uropedium Liudeiii
Utrieularia moutaua

,, cueriUea
Vanilla angustifolia

,, aromatica

Gongora portentosa
Held a sp.

HouUetia odoratissima var.
antioquensis
„ chrysantha

Kefersteiiia sp., white, spotleJ

Lielia Patiui

Lycaste Deppei punctatissima
gigantea

,, sp. nova of cold climate
Warscewiczella discolor
Warrea Lindeni

Conditio}is.~k\\ these Plants are delivered free of charge at
Southampton or Liverpool; from there buyers take all responsi-
bility and expense.

The prices are the following :— Forty Pounds by thousand of
the same species, but those plants voluminous and heavy, as
Cattleya, Anguloa, cost Fifty Pounds by thousand. For those
specie.-i ordered by hundred, the price is increased twenty-
tive (25) per cent., and fifty (50) for those ordered in less
quantity than a hundred plants of the same species.

Prices are quoted in English sterling, £l equal to 2u marlts,
2ofrancs. 5 dollars American, gold. Orders should be accom-
panied by a remittance in the form of draft-s, cheques. &c., on
well awredited banking establishments; but if satisfactory
refereutes be given, pavment may be made by Bills of Exchange,
drawn at 60 days after eight; smaller amounts at sight.
Orders under £20 cannot be attended to.

To secure the arrival of the Plants in good condition con-
Bignments. if not expressly ordered otherwise, will be dis-
patched only when the Plants are iu fit condition to travel, the
months being January to April, and July to October.

By the cheopness of his Prices M. Cn. PaTIX made unprofit-
able to send expensive Collectors to Colombia.

Voie.— Payments may be effected through

MESSRS. ENRIQUE CORTES & CO.,

UlMlTHl',

EASTCHEAP BUILDINGS,
EASTCHBAP, LONDON, B.O.

Earlu Orders secure the Best Bulbs!

CARTERS'

NAMED

HYACINTHS,

BEDS AND RIBBON BORDERS,

Ji/i' PICK OF Tin: WOllL
AT KEMARKABLY LOW PKICES.

Per IHii. I'.T

Carters' Bright Crimson.
Carters' Deep Rose
Carters' Liglit Boss
Carters' Rich Purple
Carters' Dark Blue
Carters' Light Blue
Carters' Pure White
Carters' White-Tinted .
Carters' Canary Yellow.

ALL SENT C.iRKIAGE FREE.

15

0

2

3

16

0

2

6

16

0

2

6

15

0

2

3

15

0

2

3

16

0

2

6

24

0

3

6

21

0

3

0

24

0

3

6

ILLUNTRATED CATALOGUES POST-FREE

Seedsmen by Royal Commands to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest "Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S ACHE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

JARMAN'S BULBS,

FOR EARLY FORCING.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, AVhite, fine selected

ruut>. L'\. per dozen, \i>s. per 100.

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, 1«. &d. per doz.,

Ills, per 100.
,. Paper White, Is. 'od. per dozeu. 10s. per 100.

TULIPS, Due Van Thol, scarlet and yellow,

Srf. per dozen, 4s. per 100.

All Carriage Free. Catalogues Gratis and Post-free.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(REOISTETiFl.).

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, in SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containtng "Hints on Fern

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive "LIST OF New, Rakb, and

Choice Fkrns," and " Haedt NoaxH Amerioam F£HM8,"

(rftftOnapiiUtittiou.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

rERN ttVKMJlY, »ALB, HANOHISTER.

October 1, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' GERONIGLE.

395

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites an inspection from intending Planters to
the following well-grown

NURSERY STOCK,

which may be seen at his Nursery, Knap Hill,
near "Woking Station : —

.VBIES CANADENSIS, Hemlock Spruce, 5 to 8 feel.
„ DOUGLASII. 6 to 10 feet ; GLAUCA, 4 to 5 feet.
„ HOOKERIANA or PATTONI.ANA, 3 to 5 feet.
„ ORIENTALiS, 4. 5 to 10 feet.

„ PARRYANA, IJ to 3 feet ; GLAUCA (the Blue Spruce),
1^ to 3 feet, all from seed.
CEDRUS ATLANTICA. 4 to 5 feet ; GLAUCA, 3 to 7 feet.
„ DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet.
,, LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon), 4 to 6 feet.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA ERECTA VLRIUIS, 3 to 8 feet.

.. „ LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPER, Chinese, 10 to 12 feet ; Goldeu, 3 to 8 feet.

„ VIRGINIANA GLAUCA. 5 to 7 feet.
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 6 feet ; GRANDIS, 4 to 9 feet ;
LASIOCARPA. 3 to 8 feet; MAGNIFICA, 2 to 4 feet ;
NORDMANNLANA, 4 to 10 feet.
PDJUS AUSTRIACA. 3 to 5 feet; CEMBRA, 3 to 8 feet;

MACROCARPA, 4 to 5 feet.
TiETINOSPORA PISIFERA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet.
SPRUCE FIR, 3 to 8 feet.
THUIOrSIS BOREALIS, 3 to 4 feet; DOLABRATA. 3, 4,

ai.d 6 feet.
THUL\ OCCIDE.NTALIS (Anieriean Arbor-vitie), 3 to 5 feet;

LUTEA (GoldeUI, 3 to 6 feet.
YEWS, Common, o, 4. and .3 feet, thousands; 6 to 10 feet
„ Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet.

We- have a large quantity of Pyiamids, Globes, and
Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled.
,, Golden, seedlings, 3, 4, 5, to 8 feet,
„ Irish, Ti to 10 feet.
„ „ Golden, 3 to 5 feet.
AZALEAS, the finest varieties known, 2, 3. 4, and 5 feet.

,, MOLLIS, seedlings and named varieties.
RHODODENDRONS, 2, 3, 4, S, 6, 8, to 10 feet; thousands of
liner plants than can be found in any other nursery.

l^ The Rhododendrons and Azaleas in Rotten Row
and at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, are
supplied by Anthony Waterer.
.4.UCUBA JAPONICA, 2i to 4 feet.
B.UIBUSA METAKE, fine clumps, 6 to 7 feet,
BOX. green and variegated, 3, 4, o, to 8 feet.
HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, i. up to 10 feet.
„ ALTACLARENSE, \
.. HODGINS'. I

„ LAURIFOLIA, ,- 3, 4, 5, up to 10 feet,
.. MYRTIFOLIA, I

., SCOTTICA - 4

,, Yellow-berried and other sorts.
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5 up to 10 feef,
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to 10 feet, hundreds of beauti-
ful specimens.
,, Silver Queen. 4 to 10 feet, splendid specimens.
„ Weeping, Perry's, on straight stems, with heads of ten
to fifteen years' growth ; New Golden, a large quantity
of beautiful plants.

The following trees have stout, straight stems, fine heads, and
splendid roots,and have all been transplanted witliin two years: —
ACACIA BESSONIANA, 6 to 12 feet.

„ SEMPERFLORENS, 12 to 14 feet.
ACER DASYCARPU.M. 12 to 16 feet.

„ „ WIERII LACINIATA, 10 to 12 feet.

„ NEGUNDO VARIEGATA. Standards, 8 to 10 feet ; LEO-
POLDII, 12 to 14 feet ; REITENBACHII, 8 to 12 feet;
SCHWEDLERn, 12 to 16 feet; WORLEYII, Stan-
dards, 12 to 14 feet,
ASH, Mountain, 10 to 14 feet.
BEECH, Common, 10 to 12 feet.

,. Purple, PjTamids and Standards, 9 to 16 feet.
BIRCH, Purple, 14 to 15 feet ; Silver, 12 to 16 feet.
CHESTNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feet; Double White, 10 to 12 feet;
Scarlet, 12 to 16 feet,

,, Spanish, 12 feet.
ELMS, EngUsh, 10 to 12 feet ; Guernsey, 12 feet.
LIMES, 10 to 16 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet.
LIQUIDAMBAB, 6 to 10 feet.
MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet.

OAK, English, 10 to 14 feet; Scarlet American, 13 to 14 feet.'
PLANUS, English-grown, 12 to 16 feet.

The Planes on the Thames Emljankmeut were supplied by
Anthony Waterer.
POPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16taet.

„ CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety). 12 to 16 feet.
SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet ; Purple, 14 to 16 feet,
THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet ; White, 8 to 10 feet.

„- Single White, 8 to 10 feet.
WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet.

WEEPING TREES.

BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet.

„ „ Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 feet.
BIRCH, Young's Weeping, Pyramidsand Standards, 8 to 14 ft.
ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet,
LARCH, Weeping, Pyramids, 6 to 10 feet,
OAK, Weeping English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet.
POPLAR, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 12 feet.
SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDULA. Standards. 8 to 9 feet.

Waddcsdon Manor, Baron F. i>E Rothschild's, the most
extensive and successfully planted place in England, haa beeu
supplied principally from the Kuap Hill Nursery',

KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

I have pleasure in announcing that the
NEW BTJIiB CATALOGUE, in two parts, is
now ready, and is perhaps the most complete
Bulb Catalogue ever published — no Hardy or
rorciiig Bulb claiming any real usefulness is
omitted ; the Catalogue is Illustrated with
several New Engravings. Copies may be had
upon application.

NARCISSUS and DAFFODILS,

for which the Tottenham House has a world-
wide reputation amongst both Trade and Ketail
Buyers, occupy a considerable portion of this
Catalogue — including an almost innumerable
number of forms from the old popular garden
sorts to the most modern hybrids, as well as
many newly discovered varieties. It is necessary
that Orders for these should reach me early,
as the demand is very great.

LILIES.

It is scarcely necessary to remind readers
of this Journal that I have one of the finest
Collections in the country, and this portion of the
Catalogue will be found of special interest to all
who delight in any of the many and very varied
forms of this interesting family. This section is
embellished with many high-class Engravings,
now introduced for the first time ; and these,
although naturally much reduced, give a most
correct idea of the style both of growth and
flower, of the Lilies they illustrate.

DUTCH BULBS

have not been neglected in this New Catalogue,
and most complete collections of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, &c., occupy several pages.
All the varieties offered are tried sorts, and the
prices in many cases unusually low.

FORCING BULBS

will be found fully detailed at competitive prices,
including ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER
WHITE NARCISSUS, LILY of the VALLEY,
SPIR^AS, TUBEROSES, .fee,

IRIS

in endless variety. Very extensive collections of
English, Spanish, Siberian, German, Japanese,
and other forms : my collection of these is very
complete,

CALIFORNIAN, CAPE, AND

MEXICAN BULBS.

Very extensive Lists of these, including
CALOCHORTUS and CYCLOBOTHRA,
AMARYLLIS, MILLAS, NERINES, &o,

HELLEBORES.

A very grand Collection, in many showy use-
ful varieties. All iine home-grown stuff.

Catalogue may he had gratuitously and
post-free upon application.

Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM N'tTRSEEIES,

TOTTaNHAW, LONDON,

Now ready, in cictli, lis, 6<i.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NEW EDITION,

Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1887.

OXFORD GARDENS.
'T^HE glorious gardens which have rendered
-■- Oxford the most beautiful of our cities,
were clad to perfection last Midsummer Day in
that peculiar garb which a poet has called " the
immortal verdure of England." As my rude pen
would certainly fail in the attempt to do them
justice, I shall borrow a few sentences from
Nathaniel Hawthorne's English Note - Book,
doing so with greater satisfaction because,
in spite of his foreign sympathies, and the
republican pr. judice which he rarely lost —
poor man! — in writing of England, he was
delighted with Oxford, and said of its gar-
dens, in effect, " See them and die ! " After
visiting the gardens of St, John's College he
noted down in his journal, " AVe concluded the
rambles of the day by visiting the gardens of St.
John's College, and I desire, if possible, to say
even more in admiration of them than of those
of New College — such beautiful lawns, with tall,
ancient trees, and heavy clouds of foliage, and
sunny glimpses through archways of leafy
branches, where to-day we could see parties of
girls, making cheerful contrast with the sombre
walls and solemn shade." These are said to be
the finest of all the gardens, and for that reason
the fetes after Commemoration Day are held
here.

The gardens of New College are almost as
famous. Their Limes are pre-eminent, and they
were covered, when I paid my recent visit, with
the million little pin's-head buds from which the
blossoms were about to burst. But as the trees
bloomed rather late this year, the bees had not
commenced their noisy business in the branches.
" What a buzzing they will make presently," I re-
njarked to the man who showed me the gardens.
" Ay," he replied, " they buzz almost as beautiful
as the organ in the chapel," What a compliment

396

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[OCTOEEE 1, 1887.

for the bees ! — for the instrument he referred to
is one of the best in England.

The number of these famous Limes is exactly
nine — the same as that of the Muses — and their
average height cannot be much less than 130 feet.
They stand along one side of the garden parallel
with its high wall, and the space between the two
forms a most cozy and retired walk on one side the
wall ; on the other the buttressed Lime trunks
h» ivily draped with foliage. At the end of
the row of Limes a lawn crosses at right angles
t ' ike garden already traversed, having at its
further end a "temple" recessed among shrubs.
The place is beautifully retired, and there are
trees which lend it dignity — noble English Elms,
a Tulip tree, a free blossoming x'ariety of Lime,
differing from the others ; and a grand wall
bounding the lawn on the right and at the
further end. The spot forms, in fact, an angle
of the old city wall, which William of Wykeham
was bound to keep in repair for ever. These
battlemented and lofty walls, seven centuries old,
with ancient bastions, and with Ivy and creepers
trailing thickly over them, form an admirable
fence for the garden, aud at their angle they
enclose what was once the bowling-green, or
" cphairisterium " of the College.

Abstaining from minut-i details, Hawthorne
says : — " These gardens of New College are
indescribably beautiful^not gardens in the
American sense, but lawns of the richest green
and softest velvet — grass shadowed over by
ancient trees that have lived a quiet life here for
centuries, and have been nursed and tended with
such care, and so sheltered from rude winds that
certainly they have been the happiest of all
trees."

In Loggan's old prints of Oxford the gardens
of Xew College are shown fancifully laid out,
and planted with trees of Box and Yew curiously
cat and shorn so as to display a varied veget-
abl ' ornamentation, including the Eoyal arms,
thjse of the College, the initials of William
of Wykeham, fundator, with those of Charles I.
and the date IBiJS. The modern gardens consist
of lawns and trees with a few shrubs and a very
slight edgings of flowers here and there. The
part which formed the Sphairisterium was made
perfectly level by the excavation of a large
quantity of earth which was piled upon the spot
into a mound, now overgrown with shrubs and
trees and playing a very useful part in the
landscape-gardening of the enclosure by
concealing its extent and boundaries. The
College buildings were enlarged many years ago
by a series of chambers, extending eastward,
having two wings projecting into the gardens,
with an inner court divided from them hy a
handsome iron fence and gate. A more reri'nt
improvement has been the removal of the stal>l(-<
and outbuildings from the " Slipe " on the uppu-
sitfi side of the wall from the gardens, where new
buildings are still in progress, and where, at the
further end, the old tower of the Castle and its
principal bastion are seen, incorporated with the
old buildings.

New College was built by William, of Wyke-
ham, Bishop of Winchester, in 1-3S0-6 and re-
mains, like all the work of that great architect,
a model of simplicity, stability, and grandeur.
II. E.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

Bedding with Hardy Perennials.— A bed

composed entirely of the maxinuis variPtv of Heli-
antiius multifl'jrus has been a conspicuous object
lately at Kew. With a Yew hedge for a background
this bed has been very effective. Such beds yield a
reasonable supply of " cut flowers," which cannot
cnnyeniently be obtain*'' from ordinary Bummer beds.

KNIPHOFIA PALLIDIFLORA, Baker*
A VERY interesting novelty, and perfectly distinct
from all the other species known to me to be in cul-
tivation, and one which probably by the majority ot
gardeners would not be recognised as a Kniphofia, its
slender leaves, and horizontally spreading or slightly
ascending white flowers giving it quite a different
appearance to the broad-leaved, yello\v and orange-
fiowered species so familiar to most of us. Most of
the species of this genus are natives of South Africa,
and several grow in Abyssinia, but the present species
comes from the Ankaratra Mountains in Central
Madagascar, and is the only species yet known from
that island. It is comparatively a small species, the
wild species being from 12 — 16 inches high ; but the
cultivated plant, which has just now flowered at Kew,
is about 2 feet high. The leaves are 6 — 12 inches
long by one-twelfth of an inch broad, linear, semi-
terete, concave down the face, with acute, minutely
serrulated edges, bright green, not at all glaucous.
Flower-stem terete, green, 1 — 2 feet high, with a few
empty bracts below the raceme, which at first is
short and dense, but elongate, and becomes lax as
the flowers open. Pedicels a quarter of an inch long,
slender. Perianth 4.} lines long, 31 lines in diameter,
somewhat funnel-shaped, with short obtuse lobes,
white, ascending or spreading. Stamens included,
filaments white, anthers yellow. N. E. Brown.

OUVIRANDRA FENESTRALIS

ii in robust health at Kew just now, the leaves beinf'
numerous large, and perfect, and the flower-spikes
plentiful ; one of the latter was four-branched, evi-
dently from the union of two spikes. This fineexample
is growing in atank in one of the propagating-houses,
where apparently it is quite at home ; it is planted
in a pan of yellow loam, and the water of the tank is
kept at a temperature of 75° to 80°. Already good
seeds have been gathered from it, and a batch of
young ones in the same tank bear testimony to the
crop of seeds borne by the same plant last year. The
plan of taking the tubers out of the soil, and exposing
them on a shell in a stove for about a month (in
February), is supposed to have a good deal to do with
the successful cultivation of this plant at Kew.

Myrmecodia Beccari
continues in good health, and is now flowering freely in
the propagating-house at Kew. Seed I i iigs are also gro w-
iag there from seeds ripened at Kew last year. The
belief that the thickened Turnip-like stem, with its
numerous internal galleries, is caused by a certain
kind of ant making its home in the stem of the plant
is now proved an error, the swelling and galleries
being apparent on the seedling jdants, which cer-
tainly have no ants about them. No doubt the ants
would make a home of such a snug place as is pro-
vided by tliese galleries, but then these ubiquitous
little busyhodies will house in any place almost. }V.

The Rook Garden.

CROCUS VALLICOLA.

Ckocuses so early in the autumn as this was a
treat never dreamed of until Mr. Maw, of ICenley, took
the genus in hand, and now, through his untiring ex-
ertions, we have the Crocus more or less in flower for
at least eight months of the year, bpginning in August
and continuing with little abatement until the fol-
lowing summer. The first to flower in autumn is
C. Sharojani, throwing up flowers at intervals all
through this and the next month, and even later.
The segments are fine deep orange flowers, large,
rising well above the soil. C. vallicola is a native of
the alps of Trebizond and Lazistan, at altitudes of

6000 to 7000 feet above sea-level ; the flowers are
pale cream-coloured, terminating in fine thread-like
appendages ; the segments are faintly veined, purp-
lish on the inside, and marked with two small orange
spots at their base. In quantity it would be a very
useful plant for the rock garden, &c. Now in flower
in the Kew collection. J).

Anemone sulforea.
On p. 361 my friend Mr. Ewbank speaks of A.
sulphurea as a plant which ought, according to theory,
to have calcareous soil. I think this is a mistake.
Both Correvon (P/antes des Alpes, p. 97), and Kerner
(Citltit/ der Alpoipjlanzen-, p. 'J5), catalogue A. alpina
as a lime-loving plant, and A. sulfurea as a lime-
hater; but whether planted in lime or granite I find
A. sulfurea less easy to please in cultivation than A.
alpina. C. WoUey Dod, Edge Hall, September 24.

CASSIA CORYMBOSA.

The illustration (fig. 84) represents a standard
plant of Cassia corymbosa grown in the garden at
Polesden Lacey, Dorking, and which was taken from
a plant successively planted out there for the last
twenty-nine years. Its ])resent measurement is
21 feet height of stem, the head being 2| feet high,
and about 7 feet in diameter ; the girth of the stem
is 8 inches. Mr. O. Goldsmith, the gardener, kindly
informs us that he has fourteen otliers of similar
size, which are planted in different parts of the
pleasure-grounds and in parts of the flower parterres,
where they form raised centres to various beds, all
of them being at the present time very full of
blooms and very attractive. The treatment given
them is very simple. About the end of October, or
as soon as the frosts become severe (they will bear
several degrees), the plants are cut back, leaving a
few eyes of the current year's wood. They are then
taken up and potted into large pots, a good water-
ing being given to settle the mould round the ball.
The plants are aftern'ards put into a cool-house with
sufficient heat to keep out frost. During winter
they are kept rather dry, and when growth recom-
mences, a good soaking of water is given when it
has advanced about 2 inches, which is about the
end of May ; shortly afterwards they are taken
out of the house, hardened off for a few days, and
then turned out into their old beds, which require
liberal manuring every year.

As a subject for the greenhouse, or for vases, the
Cassia is well deserving of attention, the small
amount of cultural skill demanded to grow the plant
being rewarded by abundance of bloom. It is some-
times employed to clothe low walls or trellises, with
very good eflfect.

DECO-

* Kntphofa paltr'lifioTft, BaVflr, m Jnit
■tX. XX.. p. a7.r

Linn. S^e.. Bat.,

CHRYSANTHEMUMS AS
RATIVE PLANTS.

It would perhaps be a difficult task to write .any-
thing new on tlie culture or management of the
Chrysanthemum ; but some profitable lessons may yet
he learned from a cloi.e study, careful comparison of
varieties, and due consideration of the requirements
of the establishments where these plants are culti-
vated. There are very few places where a display
of blooming plants is required where the Chrysan-
themum is not cultivated, and there are very few
cultivators of this favourite of the autumn display
who do not visit the shows ; hence, a general im-
pression is engendered that what has been seen at the
show must be the ideal for their future efforts. While
this is perfectly right for the one who cultivates for
exhibition purposes, it is not so for those who grow
their plants for decorative dis])lay at home ; the
home requirements are, in nine cases out of every
ten, of far greater importance. I once heard a
veteran officer of a horticultural society recom-
mend all the gardeners, members of that So-
ciety, to grow all their fruits, flowers, and vegetables
up to the show standard. There is no doubt about
the soundness of this (idvic* for the favnurefl few.

October 1, 1887.]

TEE GABDE NEBS' GHBONICLE.

397

but I venture to affirm that it is very misleading to
tlie many, and, if acted upon, it would certainly bring
disappointment in hundreds of places, if not end in a
change of gardeners. The demands of private
establishments, and the requirements of those
whom we serve, are of paramount importance, and
therefore call for our first consideration, and should
be the mainsprings of all our motives and efforts. If
growing for exhibition finds a place in the pro-
gramme, and convenience also allows, then gi'ow and
show by all means ; but if either be absent, then
grow for home uses only whatever forms or sizes of
plants may be required for the various purposes of
home decoration. Some small plants will always
come in very useful ; in fact, in many places tliey
are essential. Committees of Chrysanthemum
societies do not often invite this class of plant to
tlieir exhibitions, and therefore little is to be learned
from that source about the production of these
little gems.

Much useful information has, Iiowever, been given

be taken. They should be inserted singly in
small pots, using ratlier sandy soil for this work.
After a good watering tliey are placed in a close
tVame, or if I have an old hotbed on which to
set them they root sooner, but they will soon form
roots if kept close and shaded from the sun, without
bottom-heat. "When this has taken ])lace they are
pxjiosed to more air and sun gradually, till in a few
days they are placed in a frame, where they may have
protection from heavy rain or from very strong sun,
it necessary. In the course of a fortnight these small
pots will be filled with roots ; a shift must then be
given. I see by my note-book that tliis took place
with me last summer on .July 9 for the first batch.
Be as careful as one may in selecting the cuttings and
in the after-treatment of them ; some will root quicker
and be prepared for a larger pot before others.
From the cutting pot I transfer to large GO's, and
from these again to 32's as the finals. As a matter
of course, the plants are exposed to all the sunshine,
niglit dews, rain and wind, till housing time, so that

leave the Japanese and pompons out of my list
and only gi-ow for this purpose the incurved and re-
iloxed varieties. There are some, such as Golden
Queen of England, Georges Sand, and Baron
Beust which do not find favour for this purpose; but
I have found the following varieties from the incurved
varieties come out remarkably well : — Barbara,
Eve, Golden Empress, Empress of India, Jardin
des Plantes, Mrs. Dixon, Golden Dr. Brock,
Lady Slade, Pink Venus, Lady Talfourd, Mrs.
Sharp, Virgin Queen, Nil Desperandum, Mr. Burn,
Princess Teck, Antoinette, Duchess of Manchester,
Mrs. George Rundle, and Alfred Salter. All the
reflexed varieties answer well, and as a rule are more
bushy, and carry more blooms. This section does
not require any stopping with my treatment ; but the
incurved section do require their points removed
soon after they are well rooted. iV". Mlandfon! ,

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

Tig. 84. — cassia coetmbosa. (see r. 39G.j

in books and in tlie horticultural papers upon the
matter, but, so far as I liave seen, there is still room
for the record of another method. I do not entertain
the idea that my plan of procedure is better than
others, or that it is not known and practised by
otliers ; but as the plan is simple, easy of accomplish-
ment, and successful, I may be pardoned for
describing it. When the plants have done flowering
and are cut down, one of each variety most suitable
for this purpose is put into a cold frame and kept as
cool as possible, but safe from frost, until about the
last week in March. They are then stood out and
thoroughly hardened for planting out. Care must
be taken of them till about the second week in
May, when they should be turned out of their
pots, the ball somewhat loosened, then planted
in some suitable place in the kitchen garden, where
they will bloom in due season. All this is very
simple, but now follows the keynote of my system.
As near as possible to .June 28 cuttings should
be taken from these — not from pinchings of pot
plants, as so many wTiters advise — but the strongest
tops to be found oa these vigorous plants should

the}' may become sturdy bushy little specimens.
They will also produce finer blooms and develope
finer foliage if treated kindly to a little feeding after
they become well establislicd in their blooming pots.
There is not half the difticulty in finding a place
under cover for these small plants as often happens
with tall and larger plants ; they should, however,
be placed as near the glass as possible and have
plenty of air night and day till they are in bloom.
Thus we obtain the most useful and pleasing little
plants that I have seen produced anywhere. They
are always admired by visitors, and highly appre-
ciated for their chaste yet natural appearance,
either as front-row plants in a group, or on the
shelves, or in vases for tables and sideboards. If the
framers of schedules were to invite this class of
Chrysanthemum to their shows, there is no doubt but
that many a gardener who has to provide small
blooming pl.ants for indoor decoration would learn
some useful lessons on visiting the shows in addition
to what he now learns. 'Sly practice is to allow each
plant to carry from four to six blooms of the large
varieties, and six to twelve of the smaller ones. I

SACCOLABIUM BIGIBBUM VAK.
A VARIETY difl'ering much ,and greatly superior to
that pourtrayed in the Botanical Maga:me, pi. 5767,
is to be seen at Kew. It is rarely that one meets
with a prettier little thing than this ; in the shape
and arrangement of its flowers it greatly resembles
S. bellinum, but is even more floril'erous. The leaves
are oblong and of a briglit dark green ; the flowers
are closely arranged on short-stalked, sub-corymbose
racemes ; the sepals and petals are similarly spatu-
late, and dull yellow ; the saccate lip is white, with
a yellow patch at the base, and the edges rosy-
purple ; it is, moreover, fringed after the manner of
S. bellinum, the fringe being white with a yellow
spot on tlie centre. The plant under notice has
three inflorescences, bearing an aggregate of twenty-
five flowers. It comes from Burmah, and grows
freely in a basket witli sphagnum moss ; it requires
a warm, moist atmosphere, and must never be
allowed to become dry at the root.

MlCBOSTYLIS BELLA.

Although there are several of this genus worth
growing for their handsome foliage, such as M. calo-
phylla, chlorophrys, and metallica, I know of none
except M. bella whicli jiossess that qualification in
regard to their inflorescence. This species, intro-
duced by M. Linden, is, however, undoubtedly an
exception, and fully deserves its name. It is easily
grown, and when jjlaced in heat and moisture never
fails to throw up its slender racemes of dull reddish-
purple flowers. The most striking part of the
flower is the lip, which is flat, horseshoe-shaped, and
occupies the uppermost position. To those to whom
the glories of Cattlej'a and Loelia are not all in all,
this plant may be recommended as an elegant little
curiosity. It m.iy be seen in flower at Kew.

DeNDROBIU.M BIGIBBUM.

A beautiful variety of this species is now flowering
at Kew. The sepals and petals are of a rich glow-
ing purple, the elfect of which is heightened by a
very thin mai'ginal line of wdiite ; the three-lobed
lip is yet more deeply purple, the side lobes curling
up and enclosing the column ; the crest is white, and
consists of numerous sharjdy-pointed processes ; the
petals are broad, almost rotund, and overlap the
sepals, giving to the flower a full substantial appear-
ance. This plant, along with a few other Dendro-
biums, was brought from Thursday Island, one of
the numerous group of islets existing off* the west
coast of New Guinea, not large enough to be repre-
sented on tlie map. I fear thei'e are not many who
can boast of continued success with this Dendrobium.
Like many of its allies from New Guinea and Aus-
tralia, such as D. Johannis and EitzAlanii, it does
well so long as it has its imported material to draw
upon, but after that is exliausted its decay is rapid.
The fault lies in our fogs and leaden-coloured skies,
and for this reason it should receive at all times the
maximum of light and sunshine, a situation where

39^

THE GABr)'BNEIiS' CtlliONICLE.

[<_»(. robEE 1, 1887.

no shading of any description is used being prefer-
able. D. Plialffinopsis, whicli is nearly related to
tlic above, is mitch more amenable to cultivation,
not only being grown, but propagated with ease. In
the Orchid Growers' Manual it is said to produce its
flowers in April — is not this a mistake ? With us,
at any rate, it always flowers in the autumn.

POLYSTACUYA OttOSIAXA.

There is probably no genus amongst Orcliids that
enjoys such a wide distribution as Folystachya ;
during the last few years I have cultivated some five
or si.\ species, plants of which have arrived from such
widely separate regions as Ceylon, South Africa, and
South America. It is true that of the forty species
described but very few are worth the space they
occupy — indeed, but one species, P. pubescens, has been
thought to merit observation in the Orchid Growers'
Manual. There is, however, a ])lant now blooming
at Kew wliose flowers are superior in every way to
those of P. pubescens ; it is named P. Ottoniana,and was
collected by Mr. Watson, of Kew, during his recent
st.iy at the Cape and brought home by him. The pseu-
dobulbs are spherical, about half an inch in diameter
and thickly clustered, bearing two or three narrow
leaves varying from 3 to 6 inches in length, from
between which the one or two-flowered scape is pro-
duced. The whole front of the flower is of a pure
glistening white, with the exception of a yellow
blotch on the lip ; on the back of each sepal and
petal there is a streak of bright rose. The flower is
large for the genus— measuring an inch in diameter,
and has a delicate Violet-like fragrance. Mr.
A\'at5on found plants growing on trunks ot Podo-
carpus and on rocks in the eastern part of the
Colony. It requires intermediate temperature with
moderate shading and a decided period of rest. P.
grandiflora is a rare and very distinct species, the
finest of the genus. It was introduced from Sierra
Leone in 1S.'!S, and is figured in the Botanical Maga-
zine, pi. 3707 ; the plant figured there, however, has
one flower only terminating each raceme and appears
to have been small, for a ]iiant at Kew now showing
flower promises three. This species may be grown in
the cool-house during summer, but must be removed
to warmer quarters in autumn. I remember a plant
nearly being lost by being kept too cool in winter.
P. pubescens, an insignificant plant with racemes, of
green flowers, is also in bloom. As in the other
members of this genus, the lip is uppermost. W. B.

DENDROBinjI .lIACrOPHYLLnjI.

One of the most remarkable species in the genus.
The pedicels and sepals are densely covered with stiff
bristles, giving the plant that peculiar appearance so
well described by Lindley when he said the plant bore
upright racemes of large mossy flowers, nearly
2 inches in diameter. These flowers are not of a
brilliant colour, but it is just this which enhances
the peculiar effect. Why they should be greenish-
yellow and covered with moss-like bristles it is
difficult to say, though there must be some utility in
the arrangement. It is a native of Java, and was
originally introduced by Lobb for the Messrs. Veitch.
It is the original D. macrophyllum described by
A. Richard, and should not be confounded with
Lindley 's plant of the same name, which is D.
Superbum. H. A. R.

IIyTJRID CVPRIPEDIUM.

Mr. T. W. Thornton, Brockhall, Weedon, has
brought under our notice a hybrid Cj^pripedium
raised by C. insigne out of C. superbiens Veitchii.
The leaves are spotted ; the flowers about oh inches
across, with the upper se])al with a broad white tip,
like that of C. insigne, while the lateral petals have
a dull rose flush, with a few hairs on the margins.
The lip is a dull purplish-olive; the staminode
roundish, yellow, with a shallow notch at the top
and a deeper division below. There is a certain
delicacy and refinement of colour about this hybrid
which will commend it to many. It is very like one
recently obtained at a high price by Messrs. Veitch,
and now in flower in their collection.

Ccr.T.OGVNE CniSTATA.
Calling on Mr. G. Stevenson, of Timperley,
Altrlncham. a few evenings since, I was much
pliiw d to find many beautiful jilants of this Orchid.
In a flat-roofed house, with a due north aspect, there
are about ."WJ plants, varying in size from 8 inches

to 2.} and ." feet in diameter, and in the most robust
health. This Orchid is unusually well cultivated in
and around Manchester; but I have never seen it
better done than at Timperley. The gardener has
also obtained a variegated form of it. Tliis sport
.appeared some seven years ago on one of the large
])lants, where it remained for some considerable
time, but was removed after a time, and is now a
well-established plant with seven new bulbs. Each
leaf is evenly variegated, with stripes running the
entire length of the leaf, not unlike Pandanus
Veitchii. I think the above is of rare occurrence,
and do not remember to have heard of its occurrence
before. Bowdon.

DIMORPHOTHECA FRUTICOSA.

This is a really desirable addition to our collec-
tions of white Composites, brought home by Mr.
Watson from the Cape when there last year. The
large plant in the rockery at Kew seems to be in
too rich soil, and is yielding an abundance of fleshy
leaves instead of flowers. Mr. Watson informs us,
however, that, grown in rather dry sandy soil, the
yield of flowers is very remarkable, and almost hides
the leaves altogether. It is apparently perennial,
but of course it will not be hardy in tlie open air,
though I daresay it can be perpetuated by cuttings if
the seeds refuse to ripen this year. The flowers are
as large as either D. pluvialis or D. hybrida, pure
ivory-white above and smoke-colourtd underneath.
Hebenstreitia tenuifolia is another good Cape plant,
brought home at the same time. It is, no doubt, in
cultivation, though we have not seen it for some time
now. An annual, producing numerous long spikes
ol white flowers, having spots or diflerent shades of
orange on the throat. It seems to ripen seed freely,
and will, no doubt, become once more a common
plant in gardens. B.

FERNS AND THEIR CULTIVA-
TIOX.*

After alluding to the construction of Fenis, and
to the wholesale destruction going on in our ^voods,
Mr. Birkenhead proceeded to make some remarks on
the cultivation of these plants. Howmany natur.il dells
and ravines there are which might be made into places
of delightful resort by the outlay of a little Labour, and
the addition of specimens and clumps of our native
Perns suitably placed ; where winding w.alks bordered
by upraised irregular terraces, and sunken depres-
sions, with rocky projections and shady recesses,
judiciously planted with our favourites, would in-
deed call forth expressions of admiration from those
who delight in such haunts. And if over all this a
roof could be placed and the ends blocked up with
masses of rock covered with creepers ; or with clumjis
of shrubs or trees, what a splendid array of grace and
beauty could be secured, by adding the hardy exotics
to the abundant beautiful forms of our British
Ferns, such as the tasselled Athyriums and crested
Scolopendriums, producing a veritable paradise or
garden of delights. And what higher form of
gardening could be conceived of than the imita-
tion of Nature in such an aspect. We need not
wonder at the increasing taste for rock-built and
glass-covered ferneries in gardens where njitural
ravines are not found ready to hand, nor need we be
surprised at the large expense many gentlemen are
willing to incur with the object of securing such a
fairy retreat for the occupants of their homes and
the delectation of their visitors. I must here give
expression to my regret that often these very places
intended for refreshment of mind fail to afford
the pleasure they might be made to give, through
the injudicious arrangement of the rockwork in
the interior. I refer to the too lavish use of
arches and masses of overhanging rock, which pre-
vent the light reaching the lower parts of the fernery
in sufticient measure for the wellbeiiig of the plants

" A lectur.- (jiwii licforc t1u> momberi n! tli» ArnnclipstOT
Horticnllturul Imiiroveniciit Socielv, liv :vtr, W. nirkcnhciKl
Of Snk-, ■ ■

there situated, the inevitable result of which is that
they dwindle away and die, leaving bare those parts
which ought to be most amply furnished with verdure
because of being below the eye of the spectator.
Now my impression is that the foliage in the lower
parts ought to be quite as luxuriant as that above,
and that luxuriance ought to reach down to the very
margins of the paths. This happy effect can only be
ensured by arranging for an abundance of [diffu.sed]
light to find its way to the lowest parts of the fernerj'.

Construction of Fernery.
My ideal, therefore, would be an arrangement of
irregular terraces rising in varied steps upward and
outward from winding paths to the base of the glass
roof, the contour of the whole series of terraces repre-
senting an angle of 40" to 50°, so that the light might
flow strongly to the very lowest parts of the fernery.
Sufficient shade would still be found below the larger
Ferns for those requiring a greater depth ot gloom,
and I would here observe that although Ferns gene-
rally cannot abide scorching sunshine yet a large
.amount of light is necessary for their perfect deve-
lopment, and in the winter months all we can get of
this agent is less than enough for the wellbeing of
evergreen tropical species. Seeing, then, that a
heated fernery is for pleasure in winter as well as in
summer, care should be taken to provide for plenty
of light at all setisons, simply shading in summer to
prevent scorching, and taking caie in winter to
keep the glass thoroughly cleansed from soot
and dirt that no obstruction to light be caused
by their presence, for light is one of the great
essentials to the growth of vegetation. Then
with regard to the terriices or pockets, they
should be so built as to admit of a large body of
compost for the use o': the plants, and be well drained
to allow all surplus water to escape easily. The
compost itself should be rough rather thiin other-
wise, containing a good proportion of broken pieces of
peat and loam as large as a Walnut or an egg, with
rough leaf-mould and sand — small nodules of char-
coal and stone being valuable additions. If peat,
loam, and leaf-mould are used in about equal pro-
])ortions with a liberal addition of sand, charcoal,
and stone, a good compost is obtained suitable for
general Fern culture. For Ferns in small pots of
coarse smaller pieces must needs be used ; but even
then the compost ought not to be too fine in texture,
sufficiently coarse to allow water to pass readily
through it.

Plan'tixg.
Now for a word about planting the Ferns.
An excellent effect is produced by planting a
number of one species or viiriety in a mass, and
next to it a mass of a different kind, distinct in
form or colour, so as to create a contrast, by which
the beauty of each variety is greatly enhanced, and
made conspicuous. Large growing Ferns of course
should be placed singly to stand up above the others,
and to show off their individual graces. Care should
also be taken to secure a proper balance of form and
colour in the disposal of specimens or chimps.

In a fernery such as that described trickling and
running water, or even water standing in irregular-
shaped pools, is a great improvement to the general
appearance, as is also the addition of rough blocks
of virgin cork, with Ferns secured to them by moss
bound on with copper wire and suspended from the
roof. The Davallias especially luxuriate with this
treatment. These cork blocks are also valuable
additions to ferneries where the Ferns are grown
in pots on stages, and they look well hanging against
the w.alls where there is sufficient bare space to
admit of the addition.

Outdoor Fernert.
Passing now to the construction of an outdoor
fernery, I would suggest the importance of having a
large body of compost connected throughout, if pos-
sible, and also having a broad base on the ground to
ensure uniformity of moisture and to prevent the
tendency to dry up, which small bodies of soil are
necessarily liable to when exposed to wind or sun.
And even where the sun never reaches, the foliage of

OcTOBfiR 1, 1887.]

THE rjAJ?DENEBS' CHUOKUCLE.

399

luxuriant plants is continually, dunng daylight,
throwing off moisture drawn by the roots from the
soil, so that it is important to secure for thorn a good
and steady supply in the soil in which they grow,
otherwise much labour is involved in artificial water-
ing, or else the plants are lost for want of it. Wo
must not, however, fall into the error of constructing
our rockery without ample drainage, but should
provide for the passing away of all surplus water.
If the rockery is to be large, a hole should be dug in
the ground some depth, and filled with broken
bricks, crocks, clinkers, or stone, which should rise
above the surface of the ground where the centre or
ridge of the rockery will come. This heap of open
material should then be covered with sods, or some
rough litter, to prevent the soil working into it; and
then the process of building may be commenced ;
the same order being observed as that recommended
for an indoor rockery, taking care to make it as
irregular as possible, here projecting, there receding,
and working upwards by the formation of terraced
pockets. The stone or other material should be so
placed as to prevent the soil washing down ; and the
incline of the soil in the ten'aces should rather be
inwards than outwards, so that tlie rain may be
caused to permeate the whole body of compost, and
prevent its getting dry in the interior ; and to
further etFect this object, there should be a large pro-
portion of bog or peat, or other moisture holding
substance in the composition.

If there is abundance of room and material, I
would say dig far down in the ground, and throw up
the soil to form miniature mountains, with natural-
looking valleys between them, and use the stone as
before directed, making the paths in and out, and up
and down — indeed the opposite of straight or level —
and let the irregular stonework begin from the paths,
and work upwards in terrace pockets as before said ;
and when judiciously planted, I apprehend the effect
would be most enjoyable. We suppose, of course,
that shade is provided by trees either naturally or
artificially placed ; but in all artificial work I would
say, take care that tlie appearance is as though no
hand had been near it. The truest art in this kind
of work is found in that which looks least artificial.
One further remark may be made as to the fixing
of the rock. It should, in all cases, be made
thoroughly firm. Commencing at the front with
atone slightly embedded in the earth, and rammed
firmly at the back, the stones being set at such
angles, where possible, as to cause them to lock into
or against each other, according to shape. Each
tier of stone should have its foundation rammed
solid, and then be rammed well at the back as
the soil is filled in, so that the whole may be
a solid structure, not to be moved either by wind or
rain, or even by persons climbing over it. The ram-
ming of the soil must not extend further than neces-
sary, but room must be left in the pocket for plenty
of loose soil to receive the roots of the Ferns, and
for them to grow in. To prevent the soil washing
through the interstices of the stone, lumps of bog or
peat may be used, which sen^e well to hold up the
compost in its place, and also as a good material for
the plants to root in, and thus to make a firm mass.
This packing of the joints of the stone with bog
reminds me of the desirability of inserting suitable
Ferns and Ivies or other trailing plants in the cre-
vices as the work goes on, for they greatly improve
the appearance of the work when they take kindly to
their new home, and grow as if they had been born
there. And it is worthy of remark how well they
do, and how snug and protected they look when their
roots are hidden away behind large stones, and only
their beautiful fronds and leaves are visible in front.
Another important thing to be observed in the con-
struction of a fernery, as, indeed, I think, in most
kinds of gardening where effect is desired, is to take
care to avoid repetition. If possible, have all of one
kind of Fern or other plant in one mass, or in
masses, in one locality, and in another locality some-
thing quite different in appearance, so that at every
turn something fresh may present itself to the eye of
the beholder. If possible, block out the range of
vision at intervals by trees or shrubs or rock, so that

the whole cannot possibly be seen at once, but rather
that curiosity may be occasioned by turning a corner
here and another there with some fresh and attrac-
tive feature peculiar to each fresh view. This is the
kiml of thing to give pleasure to the visitor, and
to make the fernery the most charming part of the
garden.

As to the arrangement of the Ferns, I do not
think I need add much to that already noticed,
except to advise the planting of the largest growers
at or near the top of the rockery ; for if large grow-
ing plants are placed at the bottom they hide much
of the rockwork, and seem to dwarf its appearance.
Still it is necessary to secure some balance even in this
matter, by having a few plants of medium size near
the bottom, and when possible on the projecting
parts, so as to make the nooks and recesses appear
still deeper. To put a largo Fern in a recess would
defeat the object for which the recess was made, but
to bring it well in advance of the recess it has the
opposite and therefore desirable effect of apparently
increasing the irregularity and extent of the work.
Then the terrace pockets, about 3 or 3^ feet above
the paths, are just the places for masses of small
interesting species and varieties, which, coming near
the eye, are seen to great advantage, larger kinds
showing themselves best at greater distances.

Vauieties for Cultivation.

As to the species and varieties of Ferns suitable
for outdoor and indoor rockwork, pot culture, and
window decoration, their name is legion, and I will
not attempt an enumeration of them, but will simply
give a few general hints which may be of use. I feel
constrained to speak of the ease with which many
Ferns, even the lovely Todea superba, may be culti-
vated when a few simple conditions are observed.
Remarking upon its extreme hardihood, I would
observe that the latter-named may be seen by the
score in splendid health and vigour in our range of
pits, with no other protection from the weather than
the glass covering, and in severe frost the addition
of mats, which, however, do not prevent the frost
coating them over with a hoaiy garment, and some-
times even freezing the soil so hard as to burst pieces
out of the pots ; so that no person need fear an
attempt to cultivate this charming Fern. Simply
sink it in a hole in the gi'ound, cover it with glass,
and subdue the light in summer by rather dense
shading, and its prosperity is insured if it is planted
in a lumpy compost of loam, leaf-mould, and peat,
with plenty of stone and good drainage, well supplied
with water at the roots, and frequently sprinkled
overhead in dry weather.

JIany other filmy Ferns are equally ea^sy to culti-
vate, and do remarkably well in Wardian cases, or
under bell-glasses, in a bedroom or sitting-room
window on which the sun does not shine, as Filmy
Ferns require little or no ventilation ; and if air is
admitted, it should only be when the atmosphere is
saturated with moisture, either during.rain, or in the
night when the dew is heavy.

Very different is the treatment required by such
Ferns as the Cheilanthes, Pellreas, Nothoclxnas, and
Woodsias, most of which require abundance of light
and air, and which should be grown very near the glass
in an airy situation, protected from frost, and planted
in an open compost, containing bits of stone or other
hard material, to secure an easy passage for the
water, which latter should be freely applied to the
roots in summer, but never to the fronds. Gymno-
grammas require very similar attention, with the
addition of considerable artificial heat for some of
the tropical kinds, while others do well with gi-een-
house temperature, such as Gymnogrammas triangu-
laris, trifoliata, hispida, ochracea, &c.

In conclusion, a word of warning against the use
of peat in the compost for Adiantum Farleyense. I
am persuaded that many fail to grow this plant suc-
cessfully through the use of peat in the soil. I find
that when well drained, and planted in good strong
loam, made open and porous by the addition of leaf-
mould and sand, and placed well up to the light in
a warm house it will grow luxuriantly, and as easily
as a great many other Ferns.

GREENHOUSE RHODODEN-
DRONS.

The javanicum group of Rhodoilcndrons is now
finely in flower in the nurseries of Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons, in tlie King's Road, Chelsea. During
the last decade many hundreds of seedlings have been
raised from the best selected varieties and original
species, and the improvement made in that period is
truly remarkable. Although this grough is known
as the javanicum gi'oup, other original species have
been used, both as seed and pollen-bearers. The
prevailing colour of the flowers is rose of various
shades ; these, doubtless, claim jasminiflorum as
their parent. The orange coloured varieties are
from javanicum, and the deep crimson or scarlet
forms are from Lobbii, until recently tlie deepest
coloured species known to English gardens. More
recent introductions are K. Teysmani, with pure
yellow flowers, having the mouth of the corolla re-
flexed ; and R. Curtisii, a very dwarf-habited
variety, with small leaves and rich crimson-scarlet
coloured flowers.

It must not be supposed that these Rhododendrons
are cool greenhouse plants like the Himalayan
species. They are originally from Borneo, Java,
and JIalacca, and during the winter months or when
they are making their growtlis, a hothouse tempera-
ture is necessary. It is not to be supposed from
this that the plants ai-e tender, for I have kept them
all through the winter in a warm greenhouse, and
they have not only made their growths but flowered
fairly well under those conditions. The best winter
temperature for them is bb° to 60° as a minimum,
and when the plants are in flower tliey may be placed
in a greenhouse, or in any kind of show-house where
the atmosphere is dry, as the flowers last much
longer in a rather cool dry atmosphere.

The cultural requirements of Rhododendrons are
of the simplest kind ; and this section of them is
more easily propagated than any other. They strike
from cuttings almost as easily as Verbenas, and
perhaps the best way is to plant one cutting in a
small pot. The best to use for this purpose are those
designated " long Toms." Good peat and sand in equal
proportions are the best materials to use ; and the best
potting soil afterwards is fibrous peat. A little good
yellow loam from an upland pasture added to it is
very desirable, as it is of a more lasting character ; a
very little dried powdered cow-manure may be added
to it. A moist atmosphere suits the plants best when
they are in growth. The original species, from which
these garden varieties have been obtained, have small
or medinm-sixed leaves and comparatively slender
growths, but the seedlings produced through many
generations of cross-breeding have stout growths
and large leaves of great substance, resembling quite
as much the R. ponticura seedlings as they do their
original parents. Whether this vigorous growth has
been the result of accident or design I am unable to
say ; I simply record the fact. The most vigorous
amongst them is a seedling variety, flowered for the
first time this autumn. It may claim descent from
the pretty little R. jasminiflorum, but many times
removed, as it is as unlike that variety as it is possible
to be. The flowers are of large size, twelve of them
produced together in one truss ; they are of good
form, a clear pinkish-blush, with deeper coloured
stamens. Its immediate parents are Princess Alex-
andra and javanicum ; it has been named Aphrodite.

Other distinct and handsome varieties at present
in flower are ; — President, buff, with salmon tint in
the margin of the corolla; the stamens are crimson;
indeed, the more highly coloured stamens on the
pa,ler tinted flowers have in some cases quite a novel
and striking effect. Excelsior, salmon-buff, flowers
large and of good form, the colour deeper at the
centre ; stamens scarlet. Gloria Mundi is a very
striking variety ; it produces no less than twenty
flowers on a truss, of a reddish-salmon colour. It is
across from Princess Frederica and javanicum. One
of the striking varieties is jasminiflorum carmina-
tum ; it has deep carmine coloured flowers, and is a
cross between jasminiflorum and javanicum. It is

400

THE GAB DENE RS' CHE ON I CLE.

[October 1, 1887.

one of the most free bloomers. Another javani-
cum cross has been named Indian Yellow ; it is a
very fine variety, remarkable for its handsome cup-
sliaped flowers. Brilliant has rich scarlet coloured
flowers, produced in a large, handsome truss. It
takes its rich colour from Lobbii, and was raised by
crossing that species with javanicum. Princess
Beatrice is a very pretty rose-coloured form, with a
deeper coloured throat.

The yellow Teysmanni is in flower, so also is
Curtisii ; its small and distinct-looking crimson-
scarlet flowers are very attractive. The three
double flowered varieties, E. balsaminiflorum, and
the varieties album and aureum are valuable decora-
tive plants, producing good heads of quite double
flowers, clear rose, white and yellow coloured. J, I).

Roses.

GOOSEBERRIES.

In continuance of the notes on Gooseberries in
our last issue we now place before our readers
figures (see p. 401) of some of tlie more popular
kinds suitable for dessert, but without by any means
exhausting the list of these ; indeed, of some of the
best varieties, as Early Green Hairy, Glenton Green,
Green Walnut, Rumbullion, Scotch Nutmeg, White-
smith, and Wilmot's Early Red, we are unable to
give owing to want of good specimens.

Warrington (fig. 8G) is found in most good gardens,
and by reason of its excellent flavour and keeping
qualities is deservedly popular. The fruit is dull red
in colour, small, and slightly hairy. Ironmonger is
also a small berry, dark red in colour, and possesses
a brisk fine flavour. Companion is a large berry, red,
richly flavoured, and slightly hairy. Keen's Seedling
(fig. 85) is an excellent fruit, as good of its kind as
the Strawberry of the same name ; tlic colour is red,
and the skin is slightly hairy. Red Champagne is
of capital flavour, and is justly esteemed ; it has a
hairy skin, and is seldom of large size. Yellow
Champagne is a late variety — a good companion fruit
to the Warrington ; its flavour is very nice, and
the skin is smooth, Catherine is a somewhat late
variety, of fine flavour, and is of a bright yellow
colour ; and John Anderson (fig. 87) is a full-
flavoured, large red fruit. Brown Girl is a luscious
brownish yellow berry, of large size.

Trees and Shrubs.

VIBURNUM OPULUS.
YonK correspondent, in speaking of the above
shrub (p. 378), thinks it rather uncommon. In this
locality it is just the reverse, as it is very common
in the hedgerows, and also forms dense undergrowth
in the woods. I should imagine from the way it
crops up that it is indigenous to chalk soils, and
although very damp here in the winter we are very
dry in summer, as there is no surface-water on the
chalk hills, yet 1 have never seen it suffer from
drought. The berries are very hiindsome and very
plentiful this year, but, unlike " P. G.," I find the
birds are very partial to them, and take them before
they are really ripe. P. Cornea;/, Munfham. [Tnily
wild, and very common on chalk soils. Ed.]

Lauoe Scotch Fin.
With reference to the trees (Scotch Firs), the
measurement of which is mentioned in the Balloch-
buie Forest, I would state that in the garden of a
house which 1 occupy here there is a Scotch Fir
which I have this day measured fairly, not following
indentations in the trunk. It measures : — At the
ground, 16 feet 6 inches; at 1 foot from ground,
14 feet .3 inches ; at 2 feet, 13 feet ; at 5 feet,
11 feet 10 inches. So that at 1 foot from the ground
it is only 7 inches smaller than the Ballochbuie
trees, and at 5 feet from the gi-ound it is the same
size. There is a tree in the park at Ilanworth, near
Cromer, Norfolk, which is, I should think, as large ;
but 1 fancy there are very few so large out of Scot-
land or even in it. J. A. Hardaastlt, Seamintter,
Dorset.

THE ROSE SHOWS OF 1887.

Whatever some purists may say about flower
shows, and however much they may decry them as
not consistent with the genuine pursuit of horticul-
ture, a long experience of all parts of the country
convinces me more than ever that just in proportion
as they are encouraged so does horticulture flourish.
It may be very sad, and indicate a low state of
proper feeling, but the fact remains. The stimulus
created by competition — the healthy, or, as some
would say, the unhealthy desire to excel and to beat
one's neighbours — does tend to the encouragement of
the pursuit. 1 think this may be well illustrated by
the state of horticulture in two counties with which
I am well acquainted — my own county of Kent, and
Somersetshire. With the exception of one show —
Tunbridge Wells — we have not in the county a
single exhibition of .any pretensions ; and even Tun-
bridge Wells falls far short of the western county.
While in Somersetshire there are such exhibi-
tions as Taunton, where upwards of £250 is awarded
in prizes ; Weston-super-Mare, and especially Bath,
whicli annually expends £700 in prizes, and
with what results? Horticulture flourishes in
the West and languishes in the South-east. If a
friend comes to see me who is interested in garden-
ing, there is not a single place within many miles of
me that I can take him to see as containing any-
thing of excellence, while in Somersetshire .such
places are to be found everywhere. The same, 1
think, holds good with regard to any special flower,
such as the Rose. Rose societies have a " struggle
for existence " in our home county, while in the
West they flourish; and, assuredly, the experience
of the National Rose Society goes far to prove the
fact, that in proportion as exhibitions for any special
flower are organised and kept up, so will the culture
of that flower be extended. The two most populiir
flowers of the present day are the Rose and Chry-
santhemum, and who will deny that the multiplica-
tion of exhibitions has tended to tliat popularity —
one which even the late unpropitious season has in
no way tended to diminish ?

I have used the term unpropitious, for although it
has been a lovely summer, yet all gardeners know
what a trying one it has been, and probably no gar-
deners have felt this so much as the Rose gardener ; to
him it has been a terrible time. He had hoped much
— hoped to reap the reward of months of patient
waiting and toil, and then came, not " the chilling
frost," but the hot burning sun to frizzle liis dark
Roses, to take t!ie substance out of his light ones,
and to diminish the size of all his flowers ; hence in
writing of the Rose shows of the past year one has to
tell of experiences not quite couleur de Sose.

I think that the universal verdict passed on the
Rose shows of the past season is, that while they
bore witness to the indefatigable zeal of rosarians,
especially amateurs, they were yet inferior both in
extent and in quality to most of those which have
preceded them — in extent I think, for, taking those
with which I am acquainted, there was, especially
in the smaller classes, a falling off in numbers.
Looking at the National shows, whether metropolitan
or provincial, that at South Kensington was, I think,
equal in extent to any which have preceded
it ; it not only filled the conservatory, but
overflowed into one of the arcades, completely filling
it, and in none of the classes were there unclaimed
prizes. In Edinburgh, although the great dis-
tance from most of our Southern growers, and the
intense heat (which tells severely on cut Roses shut
up in a railway van) gave the Northern growers an
advantage, yet a large exhibition was tlie result, and
our friends in the Northern capital were greatly
delighted with the extent and, considering all things,
the excellence of the exhibition. In many of the
provincial shows the intense heat militated sorely
against tliem ; thus, at Wirral not a single Southern
nurseryman entered the lists, although desirous to
do 80 ; and, indeed, many of them had entered in the

hope — alas! a vain one — that they might be able to
put in an appearance ; while, again, at Helensburgh
no medal was awarded for the best Tea, for there was
not one worthy ot it.

The weather, which had to do so much with the
quantity of the flowers exhibited, told equally on
their quality. There was towards the middle of
June a fair promise of good flowers ; the buds were
large and promised well ; all that was wanted was a
good moderately warm June to enable them gradu-
.ally to unfold their charms; but when that
tremendously hot weather burst in upon us, the
result was disastrous. Shading will, of course, to
some extent preserve the colour of the flowers,
but it will not prevent their coming rapidly into
bloom, and thus making the flowers thin and small
— in fact, under size was the general condition of the
blooms.

The question is sometimes asked, Are these Roses
now exhibited, which gain trophies, medals, &c.,
equal to those which gained somewhat similar
honours in former years ? This is difficult to
answer ; bnt if it is answered in the negative, the
fact of the altered character of the seasons we have
had of late years must be taken into account. This
is stoutly denied by some ; but I remember well when
about June 26 used to be considered a good dale
for the Crystal Palace show. What sort of an
exhibition could there be at that date if held now ?
And I cannot but think tliat when we consider the
fine new varieties raised since then, we should have
in a normal season boxes of flowers superior to those
of the Baker-Jowett period.

But there is one class of Roses about which there
can be no question — I mean the Teas and Noisettes.
That they h.ave made .an advance altogether un-
locked for in these days is clear to every one, and
nothing, I think, was more remarkable during the
whole season than the manner in which these flowers
came to the front. The season did not tell upon
them as it did on the hybrid perpetuals, and although,
perhaps, they were not quite equal to those of last
year, yet they were a show in themselves. The same
held good at the provincial exhibitions. Growers
who used to be content with having a few of them
amongst their hybrids now venture into the Tea and
Noisette division. This has arisen from the fact
that it has been discovered that Teas are in many
parts of England as easily cultivated as hybrid per-
petuals. (This is, however, not the case in the North,
where they cannot be successfully attempted without
the protection of glass. I thought otherwise, and
persuaded a friend in Cheshire to try ; this he did,
on a raised bed in a very sheltered position, but he
failed to secure any really good blooms.) It has thus
been remarkable to what an extent of favour these
beautiful classes have attained — to which, indeed,
their many qualities fully entitle them.

Another feature of many of our Rose shows
has been the introduction of classes for garden
Roses, thus bringing to the front many old favourites
together witli many new ones which partake of this
character ; the National Rose Society has done its
best to encourage this, and had in the past season
excluded all hybrid perpetuals; in future it will be
necessary to exclude all Teas, so as to get the truly
decorative Roses, which are not included amongst
these — whether single or double. Many people
indeed imagine that garden Roses are to be a joy for
ever, forgetting that their season is .a brief one, and
that if we really want good blooms later on we must
go in for Teas. This season has given still further
proof that the cry for autumn Rose shows is a
hollow one. I have had the opportunity of seeing
Roses exhibited by some of our best growers —
professional and amateur — during the latter part
of August and the early part of September, and
although some good blooms might be seen,
especially amongst Teas, yet a great many were
so utterly out of character that they might be any-
thing, and the stand which gained a 1st prize in
August would certainly not be placed in July. They
bear as much relation to the fine Roses of the true
time of Roses as the miserable shreds of forced Aspa-

October 1, 1887.]

THE GABDENEFS' CHIiONICLE.

401

ragus do to the product of the beds in their proper
season.

I shall have something to say in another paper on
the new Roses of the year. Wild Host.;

EosE Budding in Septemdeb.
The long drought has thrown many garden opera-
tions out of time and out of form this year. Probably
Potatos, green Peas, summer Turnips and Roses
have sufiered the most — though rosarians will, it is
to be hoped, pardon for once the intensely vegetarian
company in which their favourites are placed. Green
Peas, Potatos, Turnips — faugh !— how they smack of
the kitchen, while Roses are so ethereal and sweet,
don't you know ! Oh ! yes : and hence we will pro-
ceed to write of the budding of Roses in September.
Why ? Simply because necessity is not only the
mother of invention, but in many gardens this year
has become an iron law, hard and unalterable as fate
— the fate in this case beingthe hard constricted con-
dition of bark and buds. The heat and dryness of
the long drought had immovably fixed bark and
buds alike, and hence it was impossible to transfer
the latter into the former. There was a third dif-
ficulty— the budding at the normal time, June or July ;
in many localities the buds were not sufficiently
developed either to be transferred or lead an inde-
pendent life as foster-mothers (stocks). One might
have expected that the rainless dewless drought of
nearly twelve weeks that concentrated our blooming

centage have broken into growth, and a goodly
number are not yet sufliciently plump for budding.
Hence it follows that, had the bark of stocks run
freely at the normal time, the buds being in a trans-
ferable condition, they were not sufficiently developed
to have been transferred into the stocks witli reason-
able prospects of success. And thus it has come
about that the budding season this year was delayed
till August and September.

The mode of procedure and the chance of success
at this late season depend very much on the same
conditions as at other seasons. The time for effect-
ing a perfect union between the bud and stock, and
for healing the wounds made, is, however, much
shorter than usual ; more skill and care should be

WABRINGTOX.

RED CHAMPAOXE.

begin on the heels of the knife, always important to
a full meed of success, are abnormally so in budding
so late as the end of September. Buds of medium
size not only take sooner, but form a surer, sounder
union, and keep longer and more completely dor-
mant than those of dift'erent ch.araoter. The last is
of equal or more importance than either or both the
others, for it is a small matter to have a perfect
union effected if the bud forthwith breaks into leaf-
age and shootlets to form food for the first frosts of
winter. Hence, to keep the buds dormant is as
necessary to final complete success in late budding as
the securing of a sound union. And although soils,
sites and seasons greatly affect the autumnal
repose and winter's sleep of Rose or other
buds, yet it is also true that the rosarian may do much
to help or hinder their sound resting by his skill, or
otherwise, in the selection of buds. This selection
of the best buds is important at all seasons, but
specially so when, through long spells of drought or
other causes, we are compelled to bud so late as this
season. For the more soundly these late buds can
sleep throughout the winter, and the longer they
remain dormant in the spring, the stronger they will
break into vigorous shoots, and the more brilliant
and beautiful shall be their maiden blooms next
June. Hosa,

Fig. 85.— keen's seedling

COMPAXIOX.

IROXMOXGEB.

FlO. 67.— JcJHX iXDERSOX.

season into something like a fortnight, clearing off
our Roses with a rush, would also have plumped up
the buds into budding condition ; but it did not.
And one of the most unexpected and inscrutable re-
sults of the long drought was the holding of Rose-
buds in slain quo for weeks, I had almost written
months.

If any one is disposed to question this statement,
the series of facts, plentiful as Blackberries, in my
Rose garden may be mustered in any number to
support it : this one is negative, the other positive.
Never was there an autumntide with so few Roses
in beds or borders as this of 1887. Even Teas are less
floriferous than usual, while as for hybrid perpetuals
the fingers of one hand will suffice to enumerate
those that are blooming with anything like their
normal freedom. The majority of them are wholly
flowerless this autumn. Why is this ? The drought,
every rosarian will answer. Yes, but how did the
drought produce this flowerless condition ? By hold-
ing the growing buds as in an arid vice for weeks
when they ought to have been plumping up to bud-
ding condition, or even breaking point. It might
have been expected that the extreme heat would
have facilitated the swelling of the buds and even
hastened their breaking into flowering shoots ; but
it did not, and hence the scarcity of bloom this
autumntide. Even now, the 22nd of September,
the Rose buds are only breaking into shootlets, as they
usually do towards the end of June or early in July.
This brings us to our second and more positive proof
of the absolute impossibility of budding at the usual
time. This is found in the present condition of
most of the buds ; at this late season a very small per-

\,

^'

Fig. 88.— brown girl.

YELLOW CHAMPAGNF

exercised in regard to the whole matter than usual.
For example, buds of medium size and semi-
maturity are to be preferred to larger and more
plump or ripe ones. These buds can be inserted in
smaller slits in the bark, and are in less danger of
breaking into leaflets before winter than larger and
more mature ones. Attention to both these points
is vital to the success of such late budding. With
the utmost care and skill in the manipulation of
bud and scion, the growing season that remains to
us is almost too short for eft'ecting a perfect union
and for healing the wounds necessarily made in the
insertion of the buds. Unless all this is accom-
plished before the winter frosts are down upon our
Roses, perfect success in effecting a sound and perfect
union becomes very problematical. Neat manipula-
tion of scion — that is, bud and stock— prompt and
secui-e tying, so that the process of taking should

Culture.

It will soon be time to place indoors Tea Roses in
pots for winter blooming. See to the drainage of
such, and remove any inert soil from the top of the
pots, replacing it with good loam and leaf-mould,
with a dash of Thomson's Vine manure. I find this
is stronger this year, ami requires more caution in
its use. I have applied it mi.xed with its bulk of soot,
about a 4-inch pot of the mixture to a 12-inch potful
of sand ; this prevents the soot and manure from
getting washed over the pots in applying water, as
is sure to occur when applied in a dry state.

Select any of the hybrid perpetuals in pots
which are showing buds, and place them where they
can have a little protection should frost threaten.
The Roses planted in the Rose-house should now be
induced as much as possible to go to rest by keeping
the sashes closed during rain and by giving less
water ; but if the weather is fine the house should be
thrown open night and day. There remains little
more than six weeks now in which to ripen the
plants before the season for pruning; this usually
takes place early in November, if Roses are desired
by February or March. IV. M. Balllie, Luton Hoo.

HEDYCHIUMS. — Two splendid species of this
genus are now in bloom in tlie Lily-house at Kew —
H. coronarium, with pure white very fragrant flowers,
and H. flavescens, with yellow flowers. It is not
sufficiently known that H. Gardnerianum, with its
noble spikes of yellow flowers, is almost hardy. The
capsules, with the scarlet arils surrounding the seeds,
are almost as beautiful as the flowers.

402

THE GABDENEBS' CH HON I CLE.

[ncTOBER 1, 1887.

GROUPING HARDY FLOWERING

AND FOLIAGED PLANTS FOR EFFECT.
Mb. Jenkins' valuable and interesting paper on
the above subject, in response to your editorial
invitation in your issue of September 10, will
materially contribute to assist those who are en-
deavouring to carry out satisl'actorily the arrange-
ment of hardy plants in a pleasing and efl'ective
manner. The suggestions given and the list of plants
enumerated will be most useful to many of your
readers.

But it occurs to me, that in your editorial remarks
you rather intended to include in your arrangements
of hardy plants those capable of producing masses of
bright colour as substitutes for Pelargoniums and
other half-hardy plants tliat we are now compelled
to grow for this purpose a good part of tlie year
under glass.

Grouped together in the way suggested by Mr.
Jenkins, they require to be examined closely, or
their merits and beauty will not be appreciated as
they deserve. In many gardens, both public and
private, there are jjositions where it is necessary
and desirable that masses of bright colour be seen
from tlie house windows, and also from distant parts
of the garden, and when it is not always possible or
convenient to approach closely to them. We can-
not over-estimate the pleasure these masses of beau-
tiful flowers give in our public gardens, especially to
tourists, who can only get a bird's-eye view of a place
as they pass through, or to the aged and the invalid,
who are unable to avail themselves of the pleasure
of walking among the flower-beds to admire their
occupants.

It cannot, I think, be denied that tlie ordinary
bedding plants have supplied tliis want, hitherto at
least, for two or three months in the summer, more
effectually than any arrangements of hardy plants
as yet made use of; and it is useless to shirk the fact
that it will take much discussion and consideration
before we can make a selection of hardy plants pos-
sessing this conspicuous quality in so great a measure
as the tender bedding plants have hitherto done for
the short time mentioned.

This subject is a most important one to gardeners,
and yet I am sorry to say the majority of us give it
but little thought or consideration. How often is it
that at the end of August and all through September
(after a hard season's work), when a gardener should
have a little quiet and leisure time, he is instead
confronted with the wearying task of propagating
from 10,000 to 50,000 bedding plants, as the case
may be. Let anj'one who knows what this business
means calculate the labour, both mental and physical,
not only for the time being in securing a stock of
plants, but the close attention this mighty host will
entail before they are finally planted out the follow-
ing May or June. If we leave the cost of fuel and
the glass room out of consideration, the labour alone
is a very large item in the cost of production, and
very onerous in view of the fact of labour being
stinted as at the present time.

I am looking at this question from a gardener's
point of view, not from tliat of an amateur or an
employer. If I thought that tlie interest in or the
quality of the beauty and adornment of our gardens
should suffer from the change, my voice and pen
should be silent in the matter. I am well aware
that most gardens have some peculiarity of their
own, which in some cases will militate against the
adoption of this system in its entirety. Tlie garden
may be situated in a smoke - laden and impure
atmosphere, and the selection of suitable hardy
plants will be more limited and difficult ; or it may
be our employer's wish tl at the system of tender
bedding plants may still be continued. In order to
give this plan a thorough practical trial, it is neces-
sary, in my opinion, in the first place, to sweep away
entirely every vestige of tender bedding plants from
the garden, so that there can be no temptation to
use them ; this will put the gardener on his mettle,
and force him, whether he will or not, to find suitable
Bubstitutes for them. But before this extreme

measure is resorted to, all the circumstances and dif-
ficulties of the position must be considered, as no
doubt the flower-beds for a season or two, until one
is familiar with and possesses suitable hardy plants
to replace the tender ones, will have a less bright
aspect than before. Above all things, our employers'
desires and wishes must be studied, and cheerfully
carried out, remembering that the garden adornment,
like the adornment of the house, is for the entertain-
ment and gratification of the owner.

Another question, and a very important one, too,
bearing on this subject, is as to the time of the year
the best display is most wanted and appreciated in
the garden. Some owners of gardens only see them
perhaps for a month or two in spring, others are at
home for a short time in the summer ; but from my
experience I should say that the greater number
of families owning country gardens are at home in
the autumn from the middle of August until Christ-
mas. Let the time of the year be wlien it may, it is
our duty to endeavour to make that time the most
enjoyable and interesting time in the garden.

I believe that the material in the shape of hardy
flowering foliage plants, which may be successfully
employed in the flower garden as substitutes for
tender bedding-plants, are already in existence in
this country in thousands, and I also believe that
the intelligence and information necessary for the
harmonious and effective arrangement of these plants
in masses of colour is also in existence among the
hundreds of gardeners in England, who, of late years
especially, have made the study and culture of
hardy plants their pleasure ; but, so far as I am
aware, this knowledge has not been practically
demonstrated for the benefit of gardeners wishing
information and guidance on this important subject.
May I second the Editor's appeal for assistance from
those who are able to give lessons in this matter? and
I think I cannot do better than, in the now historic
words of one distinguished statesman to another,
ask them to " Come over and help us." I shall be
glad to offer a few suggestions in time later on. T. C,

It will readily be admitted that a much better

effect is produced by the massing of hardy herba-
ceous plants and annuals, &c., than by growing the
same species as isolated specimens. There is, how-
ever, an objection to their exclusive use as bedding
plants or for the purpose of furnishing the beds in
the flower garden. Where the primary object is that
of simultaneous and continuous flowering or the
keeping in good condition for, say, four months tf
the year, or from the early part of June until the end
of September, which is the period when the summer
flower garden is expected to be in the greatest per-
fection. Many of our hardy plants, when in bloom,
are exceedingly beautiful, and their beauty, as has
been said, is greatly enhanced by growing them in
bold masses.

But if we suppose a flower garden, laid out
geometrically or otherwise, and in proximity to a
mansion or residence, which is usually the case, and
the beds of which are exclusively planted with even
the choicest species of hai'dy plants, it will be found
that such plants cannot by any means be induced to
bloom simultaneously, the blooming season of many
of them being of but short duration, so that the
result will be that the plants composing, say, one
or more beds, will be in full bloom ; others will only
be approaching that condition while the beauty of
others may be fast passing away.

Of late years a good deal has been written and said
against what is called the bedding-out system, and
much of the adverse criticism to which this so-called
system has been subjected has been merited, while,
on the other hand, its unqualified condemnation is
obviously unjust and uncalled for. There can be no
doubt that the rage for briglit, or even glaring colours,
whicli in years now gone by may be said to liiive
almost outraged good taste ; but tliis is even now
rarely found to be the case, and more quiet and
tasteful arrangement is generally found to prevail in
the flower garden, This desirable state of things
has in a great measure been efi'ected by the intro-
duction to the flower gai'den of various species of

interesting plants, hardy as well as tender, whose
foliage, as well as flowers, have proved them to be
most desirable and appropriate for the purpose.

It is, no doubt, possible to considerably increase
the hardy element in the flower garden, and it is very
desirable that this should, as much as practicable,
be done. But this, as I have endeavoured to show,
must be done with discrimination and due regard to
the continuity and time of flowering of the plants
employed. While at the same time tender or, at
least, what are known as bedding i>lants can seldom
be altogether excluded, but rather the one made to
supplement and assist the other in producing desired
effects. It will, of course, be seen that many of our
most beautiful hardy plants and annuals are thus,
on account of their period of blooming, or on account
of the short time in which they remain in flower,
excluded from the parterre or summer flower garden.
But this circumstance need not in the least degree
affect their extensive use in other and more suitable
situations, such as in the formation of bold and
striking groups in various parts of the grounds, in
the spring flower garden, and in the herbaceous
border, which will and ought to form one of the most
interesting features in all extensive garden establish-
ments. P. G.

[Where flower gardens are to be planted with
hardy plants, the oft found geometrical designs of
beds and parterres will in many cases require altera-
tion ; and a " blaze " of colour will not be looked
for. Ed.]

BRITISH ASSOCIATION.

A Fruit Tree Pest.* — The author has prepared
an extended article on this insect in his annual
report as United States Entomologist, which will
appear in the report of the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture for 188G, now being distributed
from AVashington, and others in the Bulletin 15 of
the Division of Entomology of the Department, also
just being distributed. These documents can be had
on application to the Commissioners of Agriculture,
by those interested, and Miss E. A. Ormerod has
recently published in England a pamphlet on the
same insect. The facts of greatest interest may be
thus briefly stated : —

The species is the most polyphagous of Coccids
(scale insects), living on a great variety of plants,
and thriving particularly on Acacia, Lime, Lemon,
Orange, Quince, Pomegranate, and Walnut. It is
capable of motion at all stages of development alter
hatching, and can survive without food for a long
period. These characteristics have rendered it the
most grievous enemy which the fruit grower has to
contend with in Australia, New Zealand, South
Africa, and California. It is believed to have origi-
nated in Australia, and to liave been introduced into
other parts of the world upon living plants. But in
endeavouring to get accurate data for this belief I
have been led to question the specific value of Icerya
purchasi, Maskell, as compared with Icerya sacchari,
Signoret. This last infests Sugar-cane in the islands
of Bourbon and Mauritius, and on the hypothesis
that purchasi is a synonym of it, the wide distribu-
tion of the pest through the sugar trade becomes at
once intelligible, as it is a common practice in that
part of the world and in the Pacific Islands to insert
a piece or pieces of the cane in the hogsheads or
other packages for tlie purpose of facilitating the
drainage of syrup that is an accompaniment of the
unrefined sugars produced there.

Thus the question of synonymy bears directly on
the original source of this pest, and this is import-
ant to us practically in .any study of the natural
enemies of the species, with a view to their artificial
introduction into those countries which Icerya has
invaded without its natural checks.

This Iccr3'a, on account of the protection offered
by the fluted, waxy ovisac, and of its other charac-

* Icerya purchasi, an insect injurious to fruit trees in Aus-
tralia, New Zealand, South Africa, and California. Abstract
of a paper, by Professor C. V. Riley, read before the Britisli
Asaociatioii for the Advancement of Science, Mauchester, Sep-
tember 6. 1887.

OcTODEn 1, 1RS7.1

THE GAIiDENEIiS' (IHEONICLE.

403

teristics already mentioned, is one of the most diffi-
cult of all insects to coutrol, as few insecticides will
reach the eggs.

In the papers already cited will be found details
of experiments whereby the difficulty has been sur-
mounted in California by judicious spraying with
kerosene emulsions and resin soaps, as well as by a
combination of cyanhvdric gas evolved from potassic
cyanide, and carbonic gas evolved from sodic bicar-
bonate, used under a portable tent.

Forestry.

AVortK IN THE XuRSKRV (continued from p. 339). —
For a nursery of, say, 6 acres in extent, five men will
require to be constantly employed, indeed a fair
computation is to allow a man to each acre. The
nursery should be in charge of a competent fore-
man— one well versed in the rearing and general
management of forest trees and shrubs, whose duty
it is to superintend the work and see that every
thing is carried on in a careful and efficient manner,
to keep tlie men's time, and be responsible to
the forester for everything wltliin the bounds of the
nursery. Elaborate directions regarding the planting
of the nursery stock, seed-sowing, transplanting,
&c., are here quite unnecessary, as tliese are fully
treated of at their proper time in our monthly notes
on Forestry, and would occupy too much space if
fully treated on in the present article. The nursery
grounds should at all times be maintained inatidyand
clean condition, for if oncethebordersgetoverrun with
weeds, and these are allowed to seed, their after de-
struction is both expensive and fraught with almost end-
less work. An out-of-the-way place should be selected
and put aside for the reception of weeds, manures,
and compost, and this, so as to be hidden from view,
may be surrounded with a thick and high hedge com-
posed either of Holly or Beech. In such a place the
composts can be mixed up, turned, and otherwise
made ready for applying to the nursery breaks. One
of the most valuable adjuncts to any nursery is a
plentiful supply of water ; indeed, if such is not pre-
sent naturally, it must be brought or laid on at almost
any cost. Seed-beds, frames, and newly transplanted
trees of small size must, during warm and dry
weather, be attended to with a liberal supply of
water, else half the stock will be lost. Kain-water
is preferable to that of any other description for
applying to young plants, and if such cannot con-
veniently be collected and stored, it may be well be-
fore using that from a well or pump to draw it ofTinto
open tanks, there to remain for some days previous to
being used.

Advantage of a Home Nursery. — To the forester in
particular the advantage of a well stocked home
nursery can hardly be overrated ; and if anything has
been forcibly brought home to me during my period
of forest management it is the advisability of estab-
lishing and maintaining in good order a well stocked
home nursery. Where forest planting, the forma-
tion of fences, game coverts, and shrubberies are
extensively engaged in, the convenience of having a
stock of suitable plants at one's hand, and of the size
and in the quantity required, is great — indeed, can
hardly be overvalued. That many estates have
been sadly neglected for want of the judicious and
timely planting of trees and shrubs, more particularly
the latter, as game covert and for ornament, is only
too evident — an evil that may be traced wholly to the
want of that valuable adjunct, the home nursery.

When a proprietor or his agent has to pay at the
rate of Gs. per dozen for covert plants, such as the
Laurel, Aucuba, Laurustinus, &c., it is then found
how very much money they run up to if the work is
at all extensively carried out, and the outlay
must be in accordance with the length of the purse.
Again, for ornamental planting, let us look at the
prices of such plants as the lloUy, Yew, Rhododen-
dron, amongst evergreens, or the finer Thorns, Mag-
nolias, Acers, Pyrus, and hundreds of others amongst
deciduous trees and shrubs, and we shall soon find out
the advantages and saving effected by maintaining a
home nursery.

Where immediate effect by planting of large-sized
trees and shrubs is required on any estate, it is then,

however, that the advantage of having at hand a
stock oi these is most appreciated, for trees, more
especially those of a large size, cannot after packing
and transmission by road and rail, be expected to
succeed as well as those raised and planted on the
same or following day. The extra ball of earth
with which plants can be safely and conveniently
conveyed for a short distance is, likewise, much in
favour of home-grown trees and shrubs, this being
rendered almost an impossibility where such have to
be transmitted from a distance.

There is another and still more important advan-
tage connected with the liome nursery, and that is
the plants can be reared at such an altitude as to
render them well fitted for withstanding the peculiar
climatic conditions of almost any estate. That too
sudden a change from sheltered lowland nursery
ground to tlie bare liillside invariably proves fatal to
young trees is painfully apparent to those who have
had aught to do with the planting of high-lying
grounds ; and as few of our public nurseries exceed
a few hundreds of feet in elevation the necessity of
proprietors whose lands ar*.' upwards of 1000 feet
above sea-level, rearing tlieir own stock is readily
understood. The planting of high-lying and wind-
swept grounds is at all times fraught with consider-
able risk so far as the future welfare of the young
plants is concerned, and all the more so if the trees
have been reared in an only semi-hardy way, but
such risk is minimised to a great extent by using
stout, bushy, hai-dy-constitutioned plants that have
been reared in positions akin, or nearly so, to what
they are ultimately to occupy in the woodland. Of
course, by this we do not wish it to be understood
that seedling forest plants should be reared up on an
exposed hillside, where the climatic conditions are
unfavourable to the perfect development of stout,
sturdy trees, but only in such situations as may, by a
person who is competent to judge, be considered
suitable for the particular end in view, viz., whether
the plants are intended to be used on liigh-lying and
exposed ground or in sheltered districts, and at but
a few feet above the level of the sea. By having a
few temporary nurseries at various altitudes on the
estate, we have known much benefit to accrue from
such, as the plants are, as it were, prepared for any
emergency, and well suited for transplanting to almost
any situation.

No doubt a certain amount of attention is required
in the management of a liome nursery, but this, as
well, indeed, as any other expenses incurred, is amply
repaid in the various advantages just pointed out.
A, D. Webster.

Fruits Under Glass.

Early Forcing of Vines. — Vines to afford Grapes
at tlie end of April or early in May should be pruned
back to a plump bud as close to the main stem as it
can be obtained. The house should be made tho-
roughly clean, and the walls lime-washed. Any
loose bark should then be rubbed off with the hand,
and the rods washed with a solution of Gishurst
Compound, sulphur, and soft-soap, at the rate of
4 oz. each to a gallon of warm water, applied to the
Vines with a stiff brush, and especially be well rubbed
into the crevices on and about the spurs, so as to
destroy insects that may be located there, care being
taken to cause no injury to the buds in doing so.
The Vines should then be tied horizontally to the
wires over the front pipes until their buds begin to
burst, which will be about a month from the time
fire-heat is applied to the house. This done, the
surface of the border should be pricked over witli a
fork, without injuring the routs, which, if in a satis-
factory condition, will be found in quantity a few
inches below the surface. Then remove the loose
soil and lay on a good dressing of Thomson's Vine
manure, working it into the soil with the fork, fol-
lowing this with 2 or 3 inches thick of a compost
consisting of four parts sound fibry loam and one of
lime and wood ashes, well ^mixed, as a top-dressing,
covering the same aftenvards with a like thickness
of horse-droppings. Subsequently give tlie whole a
good soaking of tepid water, which, with ultimate
applications, will wash the substance of the manures
down to the roots. If the border be an active one,
rotten dung might be substituted for horse-droppings,
and over this about 20 inches thick of leaves and
fermenting manure (about one part of the latter to
three of the former), well mixed, should be laid.
As soon as the internal arrangements of tlie house
have been completed the ventilators should be clo.sed

at night, and the process of forcing be commenced
in the second or third week in November, by apply-
ing sufficient fire-heat to maintain a night tempera-
ture of 50", and 55° to 60° by day, running up 10°
higher with sun-heat. Syringe the Vines two or
three times a day with tepid water.

Tlie Vines in the second and third early houses
should have the shoots shortened back to within four
or five joints of the main stem, preparatory to finally
pruning them back to a plump bud, as indicated
above, \\\e or six weeks hence. Late varieties should
have all the sub-laterals removed forthwith, together
witli the tops of any unduly long main laterals, so as to
allow more light reaching the bunches as well as the
wood. H. W. Ward, Louyford Castle.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Oatheuing late Fruits. — The fruits of late
varieties of Peaches, Figs and dessert Plums are
much better for being gathered a few at a time or
according to requii-eraents, and ]ilaced in a warm dry
house, to assist them to ripen tlioroughly, some few
days pi'evious to using them. Damsons are now
ripe, and should be gathered for bottling and other
methods of preserving. Some also may be gathered
and placed on the shelves of the fruit-room for a
later supply for culinary purposes. If the fruit is
left lianging on the trees after becoming ripe, the
birds soon devour it. Filberts and Col)-nuts should
also now be gathered, and stored thinly in some cool,
not too dry place, where they will be quite secure
from the depi-edations of rats and mice. There will
be many varieties of Apples that will now require
gathering, especially on standard trees, such as King
of the Pippins, Blenheim Orange (which, with our
trees, are heavily cropped), and many others that
have arrived at full maturity ; later varieties should
still be left untouched till the end of the present
month.

Pears. — There are also many varieties of these
fruits that will require to be gathered within the next
few days, such as Fondaute d'Autorane, Durondeau,
Pitmaston Duchess, Gansel's Berganiot, Ducliesse
d'Angouleme, Thomson's, Brockworth Park, Fertility,
Beurre Clairgeau, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and others ;
and fruits of Catillac, when grown on standards, are
now ready for gathering, but on no account gather
later varieties for at least anotlier three weeks yet
to come.

Fruits of Quinces and Medlars should be left
hanging on the trees till the end of the mouth ; the
former are much appreciated here for culinary
purposes. Autumn bearing Easpberries are now
supplying good quantities of their fruits, which are
most acceptable in the dessert and in the kitchen.
E. Ward, Hewdl, Bromsgrovc.

The Kitchen Garden.

French Beans. — Another good sowing in 7 or
8-inch pots should be made, using light rich soil, and
filling the pots sufficiently to allow of their being
top-dressed afterwards, when the young plants are
ready to be sticked. A close Irame will suffice at
present until the seeds germinate, when a warmer
temperature will be needed. Those sown as advised
in a former Calendar should now be top-dressed and
removed into a suitable warm house or pit, and
placed in a position near the glass. Late sowings
made in the open, and which are now coming into
bearing, should have the pods plucked whenever
they are ready. It would also be advisable, in the
event of early frosts, to have some light covering at
hand as a protection, so that the supply may be pro-
longed as late as possible.

Cucumbers. — Encourage the plants intended for
winter fruiting to cover tlie trellis by maintaining a
growing temperature, and by the addition of fresh
soil at the roots. Keep the foliage regulated by
judicious tying and stopping of the young growths,
allowing sufficient space for each leaf to fully develope
itself. Air should be given gradually and freely
during bright sunny days ; a little also should be
afforded on mild nights. Plants fruiting in dung
frames will require additional linings, and should be
closely matted at night. After this date any need-
ful watering or damping should be done as early as
is practicable on bright sunny mornings. John Austun,
Witlcij Court Gardens,

404

TEE GABDENEliS' CHBONIGLE.

[OCTOBEIt 1, 1887.

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fTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

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THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SALES

I Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
MONDAY, Oct. 3-: Dutch Bulbs, atProtheroe& Morris'

I Rooms.

/Dutch Bulbs, and 500 Indian A/aleas

1 from Ghent, at Stevens' Rooms.
WF.DVESD.VY, Oct. .'>^ Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Bulbs,

I Lilies, &c., at Protheroe & Morris'

\ Rooms.

THURSDAY, Oct. (

FRIDAY,

i Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
SATURDAY, Oct. S '. Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris"

( Rooms.

The Edinburgh We congratulate the Royal Cale-
Apple and Pear doiiian Horticultural Society on

Congress, 1885. .^j^g j^^^g ^f ^jjjg interesting and
valuable report, which has been prepared by Mr.
Malcolm Dunn, gardener to the Dulte of Buc-
CLEUCii, Dalkeith] Palace. Following the initia-
tive of the Royal Horticultural Society in hold-
ing the Apple Congress, at Chiswick, in 1883,
and that of the Pear, in 188.5, which proved so
signally successful, the pomologists of the
North determined to hold another of both Apples
and Pears, in Edinburgh. This was a bold step,
not many believing in its success. The response
was, however, far beyond the expectations of its
most sanguine promoters, there being gathered
together the largest and most representative
collection of Apples and Pears from all parts of
the United Kingdom that was ever brought
together.

The primary object of the Congress was the
special examination of Scottish fruit, it being
felt that at the Chiswick Congresses Scotland
was not so well represented as it should have
been ; so for the present report Scotland occupies
the premier position, and we have, in addition,
considerable returns from the sister kingdom,
Ireland. Tne work so well begun at Chiswick
by Mr. Barron has been ably followed up by Mr.
Dunn, so that we have in the three reports before
us a mass of information concerning Apples and
Pears such as cannot fail to be of the utmost
value to fruit growers.

In style, type, and general get-up, this report ia

almost an exact copy of those issued by the Royal
Horticultural Society, which is an advantage in
some respects. Some idea of the valuable matter to
Ije found in this publication may be arrived at
when we state that " selections of the best varieties
of Apples and of Pears are given for each county,
each countrj-, and for the United Kingdom " —
these " being compiled from the returns sent in
by growers residing in the different localities,"
" furnishing a most valuable record of the best
varieties for cultivation." To suit various wants
these selections have been arranged in eight
lists or classes of fruit, thus : — 1, Ten dessert
Apples, in the order of ripening ; 2, Ten culi-
nary ; 3, Ten dessert Pears ; 4, Twelve Apples
for growing as dwarf bushes ; 5, Twelve Apples
for growing in orchards ; 6, Twelve Pears for
growing as dwarf bushes; 7, Six Pears for
growing in orchards ; 8, Three stewing Pears
— the demands of all classes of fruit growers
being thus met. The selection of sorts suited
for cultivation in the various parts of the country,
it is worthy of note, " bear a remarkable simi-
larity ; " the ten or twelve varieties at the top
of the poll iu one list are pretty nearly in the
same position in the other, although they are
never exactly the same, some little known or
favourite local variety being often included. But
apart from these trivial exceptions, as Mr. Dunn
remarks, the majority of the varieties selected
are identical, and, what is more, they correspond
with similar selections given by other growers.
The conclusions arrived at by Mr. Barron
are singularly corroborated by Mr. Dunn, and
nothing comes out more clearly than this — that
out of the many hundreds of varieties of Apples
and Pears grown in this country only a com-
paratively few are really required, or are desirable
to cultivate.

Scotland possesses, or did possess, a selection
of both Apples and Pears peculiarly its own,
many of which have never been introduced to
England, but which were considered as specially
suited for the north and for a colder climate. If we
except the Apples — many of which are the lead-
ing varieties in all parts of the country — there is
scarcely a Scotch Pear named in any of the lists
as suitable or desirable for cultivation. The far-
famed Achan is scarcely mentioned. In this
Report these old favourites — the Bonnie Maggies,
Beurres, Crawfords, Drummonds, Peasmeal
Pokies, &c., are scarcely mentioned, and the
sooner they are rooted up and destroyed the
better. Amongst Pears at the top of the poll in
Scotland and Ireland stands Jargonelle, which is
at all times specially fine in the North. It is the
popular and standard Pear in Scotland, as the
Williams' Bon Chretien is in England, or the
Duchesse in France. Amongst dessert Apples,
Blenheim Pippin heads the list, and Ecklinville
amongst the culinary varieties ; and in Ireland,
King of the Pippins and Lord Suffield respec-
tively.

In regard to soil and cultivation, many ex-
tremely interesting communications are to be
found which are well worth perusal. The
evidence in regard to stock is somewhat meagre
and undecided, the greater number stating they
do not know ; the general reports are, however,
in favour of the Crab for Apples and the Pear
stock for Pears. A great many of the returns
speak of the localities as being somewhat too
cold and damp for fruit-culture, especially of
I'ears, which are mostly grown on walls. One
grower takes strange comfort, however, in his
situation, where, he states that, being " well
exposed to the wind, and in the midst of a
mineral district, with numerous ironworks, &e.,
in full blast, with their accompanying smoke and

gases, the fruit trees are not troubled with moss
or lichen growing upon them, and Apple trees
generally grow well." Dr. Robertson, of Errol,
writes hopefully in regard to the once famed
.orchards of the Carse of Gowrie : —

" Most sorts of Ajipk-s do well in the Carse ot
Gowrie when pruning and manuring are properly
attended to ; but the Carse orchards, which were once
so celebrated, have been sadly neglected of late.
However, a reformation has already begun to be
made by a few enterprising individuals, and 1 hope
this excellent example will be quickly followed by
others."

We sincerely hope so too. As an example of
the sort of matter to be found iu this report we
cannot do better than quote the following inter-
esting remarks and valuable advice from the
veteran cultivator, Mr. ^^'EBSTER, The Gardens,
Gordon Castle, Fochabers : —

Outdoor fruit culture in this northern part of
the kingdom is at all times uncertain ; and to those
in charge it is invariably an anxious period until
the setting process is completed, and even then
bright prospects are sometimes frustrated by a
cold, wet, sunless autumn such as the past one has
been.

" from long and attentive observation I consider
myself authorised in stating that a great deal more
attention should be given to the planting of those
kinds principally which are well known to be adapted
to the climate.

" The young and inexperienced should first seek
the advice of those who have had long practical
knowledge in the locality before making selections
for planting. Until he acquires by experience and
ocular demonstration a knowledge of the kinds that
will bear good fruit and ripen best in the district, he
is much more likely to fail thiin to succeed in pro-
ducing good crops of fine fruit."

It is generally admitted that
^'"'■Trnde'""' Hyacinths, all round, are very

fine this season — large, plump,
heavy, and well matured. And they appear to
be very cheap also. We have seen iu retail
catalogues leading varieties of Hyacinths, such
as — Robert Steiger and Norma, single reds ;
Argus, Baron van Tuyll, Charles Dickens,
Leonidas, Marie, and Mimosa, single blues,
offered at prices nearly one-half less than they
were a few years ago. The single whites and
single yellows still keep up their prices. It is
now possible to purchase a dozen good Hyacinths,
up to exhibition form, for the comparatively
small sum of .5.?. or ti.'.'. The supply is evidently
very large, and prices rule low in consequence.
It is said there is a falling-off in the quantities
sold by our leading seedsmen, and this may be
accounted for on several grounds. First,
some of the bulb growers of Holland send
their catalogues broadcast to residents in this
country, and by selling at prices only a little,
if at all, above those at which bulbs are supplied
from Holland to the English wholesale trade,
they are enabled to do a large retail business.
It is not unconmion for a few residents in a par-
ticular locality to band together and have over
a case of bulbs between them. Packages are in
many casei delivered free, while the wholesale
dealer has, in most instances, to bear the cost of
transit. Secondly, sales of bulbs in London and
in provincial cities and to\vns are frequent.
They are sold at low prices, and hundreds of
gardens are supplied in this way. Thirdly,
ot recent years men who are regarded as
amateurs have started as sellers of bulbs in
some leading provincial town or city, and do a
very large trade. ^\^e heard the other day of
one of these having already disposed of .€700
worth, and the bulbs were said to be bright and
fine.

October 1, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

405

The practice is to go over to Holland in the
season, effect purchases, and then sales are
obtained mainly by advertisements. These three
causes of necessity affect the sale of bulbs
through the ordinary channels of wholesale and
retail seedsmen. They mean a change from
the old order to the new, and one result is a
cheapening of prices all round. If profits are
less by reason of retail prices being lower, it is yet

retain country customers. In all departments of
trade prices are low, and almost unremunerative,
and dealers have to be satisfied with smaller pro-
fits. This leads to a desire to extend the con-
nection, and as all are striving to do this a time of
acute and severe competition is inevitable. The
seed and bulb trade forms no exception in regard
to this state of things, though they doubtless
long for a season when the supply will be les-

Peoples Palace for East London.— a

Clu-ysanthemum anti Winter Flower Sliow, we are
informed by K. Flowers, Esq., Secretary, is to be
field at the Peojile's Paface, Mile End, from Wednes-
day, November 16, to Saturday, November 19, in-
cfusive, wfien liberal prizes wifl be given by the
Beaumont Trustees for Cln-ysanthemums. Two
classes of exhibitors will be represented, there being
prizes for sixteen open classes, and one for a group

Fig. 88.— the white nelumbium : tloweb real size ; leaf much reduced, (see p. 406.)

a fact that bulbs can be purchased at a cheaper
rate from the growers, but probably not sufSciently
so to enable a fair profit to be made. It is pro-
bable that, as a general rule, the wholesale dealers
in the country are satisfied if they can make their
bulb trade to pay expenses. It falls in between
the summer and winter seasons of trade, and
so fills up an interval when comparatively little
is doing. In these days of severe competition a
connection must be kept together ; and thus it is
the wholesale houses are under something like an
obligation to carry on the bulb trade in order to

sened, and an advance in prices is witnessed.
But under what might be regarded as an im-
proved state of things, the increment of profit
may not, after all, increase much in volume, and
so make business transactions more remunerative
than they are at present.

Banbury Chrysanthemum Society.- The

annual exhibition of this Society will take place in
the Exchange Hall, Banbury, on November 23. All
exhibitors of this show must be members of the
Society.

of mixed plants arranged for effect, exhibitors to
live within the School Board divisions of the Tower
Hamlets and Hackney.

The Dutch Seed Crops. — Advices from

Holland of recent date show tliat Cauliflower was
planted for seed in larger quantities than in previous
years, and, provided the weatlier keeps favourable,
the crop will be very good. Cabbage, Savoys, Kalep,
and Brussels Sprouts suffered during the winter ;
what remains of the crop produces an average
yield. Carrots look fairly well ; Spinach a very
good crop; and Peas a large produce. Black

406

THE GAFDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[October 1, 1S87.

Spanish Radish is a good crop ; the othei- Radishes
suflfered from drought, and the yield will scarcely be
an average one. Onions show a good crop, but Leeks
a sparing one. Celery and Parsley are good. Kid-
ney and Runner Beans a small cro]), but Longpod
and Broad Beans show a good yield. Cucumbers,
like the Radishes, suffered from drought, and the
crop is small. Less of Swede Turnips than is
usual were planted out for seed, but the yield
is good generally. But few Beet and Mangel
Wurzel were planted for seed ; but the yield is
promising. Chervil is a good average crop; Corn
Salad a fair one, but it is not nearly so much sown
as formerly.

Manchester Exhibition Palace.— It is Mr.

B. FiNDLAv's intention to hold ajgreat Apple and
Pear Show in the above building on October 14 and
15. Schedules of prizes are in course of preparation,
and will be issued as soon as ready.

The Snow Plant of the Sierra Nevada.

— " One of the most interesting products of the
Sierra Nevada Mountains is the be.autiful Snow-
plant. The scientific name of this flower is Sarcodes
sanguinea, meaning the ' blooded flesh.' June is its
month of blooming, and it can then be found grow-
ing in secluded spots in the mountains, where the
snow falls deepest in the winter, and where the fall
grass grows thickly, and casts an unbroken shade.
The plant itself is from 4 to 10 inches in height, and
is of a bright scarlet colour, including leaves and
flowers, although the stem is pink and white. The
flowers are attached close to the stem, and the leaves
curl upward and partially hide the flowers from view,
the whole being in the form of a cone. The leaves
have a delicate and frost-like edge, which makes
them extremely beautiful. How these plants grow
is not known to botanists, as they have neither seed
nor bulb. They are supposed to be parasites, and
cannot be propagated. Localities where they are
abundant one season may not produce a single spe-
cimen the next. A beautiful Indian legend is con-
nected with the origin of this flower, which is to the
elTect that once upon a time a lovely Indian maiden
died of a broken heart on account of the faithlessness of
her lover ; that her spirit sought refuge in the darkest
nooks in the forest, where sounds of her sobbing and
wailing are frequently heard among the trees ; that
the tears she sheds are drops of blood, and wherever
one of these touches the earth there springs up a
crimson plant." Dublin Eceninij Telegra}yh.

CheNOPODIUM ATRIPLICIS.— a veiy handsomely
coloured form of this plant came from Mr. V. Dop-
PLEB, nurseryman, Erfurt, the colours calling to mind
the best forms of Amaranthus salicifolius, but more
vivid and striking. It is averred by the raiser
that it comes true from seed. We think a more
appropriate name should be given this rather
ephemeral subject than C. a. foliis variegatis.
Why not C. atriplicis, Doppleb's var., or Kron-
Prinz, &c. ?

Pierre BeLON. — The unveiling of the statue
erected by international subscription in honour
of this botanist and pioneer of horticulture will
take place at Mans on Sunday, October 9, at
2 P.M. A banquet will take place after the cere-
mony.

Birmingham Gardeners' Association. —

This young but vigorous Society of working gar-
deners has given decisive proof of its vitality by pub-
lishing a brochure of one hundred pages, in which are
embodied the principal papers read before the members
during the last twelvemonths. The papers are, with
one exception, the work of gardeners by profes-
sion. The one exception is a paper of much merit,
by a gentleman gardener, Mr. Edmdnd Tones, B.C L.,
on " Plant Food," in which the value of artificial
manures is set forth with much vigour, and some
formula; of value are given. The other papers are one
descriptive of the " Rise and Progress of the Asso-
ciation," by Mr. J. HoQHEs, the Hon. Sec, to whom

the success of this young Society is mainly due, and
others as follows : — " Mushroom Growing," by J.
Ckook ; *' Carnivorous Plants," by W. B. Latham ;
"The Cattleya and its Culture," by E. Cooper;
" The Chrysanthemum," by G. Page ; " Con-
trast and Harmony, with Special Reference to
Flowers," by Mr. J. Pope ; " The Grape Vine,"
by Mr. J. R. Petch ; " The Cyclamen and
Bouvardia," by Mr. C. H. Herbert ; " The Chinese
Primula," by Mr. J. H. Hoeton ; and " The
Cape Heath." by Mr. W. Jones. The papers are tlie
bond fide work of practical gardeners, and we con-
gratulate them all on the combined result. The
little volume (edited by Mr. Wm. Dean-) is one
which many gardeners maybe glad to possess. Its
price is Is. &d., and it can be obtained from Messrs.
Cornish Bros.. Birmingham. The thanks of the
gardening community are due to the present Mayor
of Birmingham (Sir Thomas Martineau) for the
judicious interest he has taken in tlie formation of
this new Society, which bids fair to become of great
educational value in Birmingham and the neigh-
bourhood. The Association already possesses the
nucleus of a valuable technical library, and as local
gentlemen are contributing to the library fund
most liberally, it is not difficult to suppose that,
in a few years' time, the Birmingnam gardeners
will have access to most of the best books on gar-
dening topics which money can buy. We shall
watch the career of this Society with great interest,
and we are not without hope that it may furnish
precedents for many similar organisations. The
present autumn session opened on Tuesday evening
last, when there was an attendance of nearly 300
members. Sir Thomas Martineau presided, and
warmly congratulated the Society on its progress.
The Rev. J. A. Williams, Alderminster, then read
an excellent paper on " The Cultivation of the Rose,"
with especial reference to the local circumstances of
Birmingham suburban gardeners. A hearty vote of
thanks was awarded to Mr, Williams, on the motion
of Mr. E. W. Badger, seconded by Professor Hill-
HoosE. A fine collection of well-grown out-of-door
Roses, from Mr. Williasis' garden, chiefly Teas,
and from that of Mr. Griffiths, Edgbaston, were
exhibited on the occasion.

Richmond Horticultural Society.— We

are informed that the committee has decided that no
autumn Exhibition shall be held this year under the
auspices of this Society.

ArOIDS. — One, otherwise most extraordinary,
great drawback to the cultivation of certain Aroids
depends upon the atrocious odour they give out. Now
M. Alphonse Ivabr, in the current number of tlie
Jardin, says that this may be obviated by cutting away
the " column," by which he means the spadix, which
alone, according to him, is the source of the
odour. Perhaps, though M. Karr does not say so,
it is ouly the upper part of the spadix, uncovered
with flowers, that is odoriferous. This remains to
be tested.

Chrysanthemums as Bedding Plants.—

A very pretty bed at Kew is composed of a centre of
Madame Desgrange Chrysanthemum, the flowers of
which are whitish outside, with a pale sulphur centre,
surrounded by a belt of Pr^cocite, a dwarf variety,
with yellow flowers flushed with red.

Marriage of John E. Lindley, Esq.—

September 28, at the parish church of Lawford,
Essex, by the V^ery Rev, the Dean of Ely, assisted
by the Rev. Henry Latham, late Tutor of Trinity
Hall, Cambridge, and the Rev. E. K. Green,
Rector of the parish, John Edward Lindley,
Captain, Royal Dragoons, eldest son of the Right
Honourable Lord Justice Lindley, to Isabel,
younger daughter of Francis M. Nichols, Esq., of
Lawford Hall.

Publications RECayE.O.—Tlcvue Internationale
Sciciilifitjue ct Poputaire des Falsifications dcs Bcnrfcs
A/imentaires. — Tropical Jgriciilturist,

THE WHITE NELUMBIUM.

In a communication accompanying a flower and
leaf of this beautiful aquatic, Mr. Bolas, gardener |
to H. Chandos Pole Gell, Esq., Hoptoii. Wirks-
worth, Derbyshire, tells how he grew aquatics in the
open air, his experience of them dating from a period
twenty years ago : —

" A stock of the best Nympha3as and other aquatics
was raised early in the year, with the Victoria
regia, in the aquatic houses ; we grew them on in
old baskets and hampers, and then conveyed them to
the ponds fed by the waste water and steam from
the engines of the collieries, two men wading in with
them, and sinking the hampers. I have seen the
finest flowers I ever met with of Nyinpha;a coerulea
and N. Spodiana grown this way, but the Victoria
regia never flowered to perfection, although pro-
ducing fine leaves. Nelumbiums grew admirably so
treated. A summer like tlie ]n-esent would have
produced good effects.

" But anyone having sufficient heat at command to
grow ordinary stove plants may obtain much pleasur-
able interest in cultivating numbers of tropical
aquatics, both flowers and foliage having a freshness
and charm not common to many stove subjects. A
few No. 1 pots, having the holes cemented up, will
take up but little room ; or, in lieu of these, saw a
petroleum cask in two and use them, after being
charred inside to destroy the oil in the wood. Then
take some rough loam, dry cowdung. broken charcoal
and sandstone. With such materials I have flowered
such subjects as Pontederia crassipes, and the still
more beautiful Eichorneaazurea ; varieties of Nelum-
biums, including the one figured, the locale being a
small forcing-house.

" The white Nelumbium (fig. 88. p. 405), at present
in flower, is dwarf, the tallest leaves standing .3 feet
4 inches and 16 inches in diameter, and it has forty-
two fully developed leaves. It is planted in a tub
made from a petroleum cask.

" I find, in raising the Nelumbiums from seed, that
by placing the seeds in small glasses of warm water,
placed in a close moist propagating-box, the seed
can be got to germinate in a few days without any
filing of the ends ; whereas, without this precaution,
they require several weeks to germinate."

NOTICES OF Books.

" Reichenbachia."

The maguificent publicatioa issued by Mr. Sander
increases in artistic value as it proceeds, the recent
plates by Mr. Moon have been not only portraits, but
artistic representations, elegant yet truthful in
drawing, harmonious in colouring, with due regard to
perspective and light and shade, and not exaggerated
as to colour. The woodcuts, botanically the most
useful and important part of the whole book, are
not so well executed as the coloured plates.

Odontoglossum cr'tspum Hruhyaniun, Rchb. f^, in
Gardeners' Chronicle, 18S6, August 7. — This takes
rank with such varieties as Schroederianum, Stevens-
ianum, Cooksonianum, Ballantinianum, Sanderianum,
and a few others, all remarkable for having large
flowers, broad sepals and petals, heavily blotched
with rich tints of reddish-brown. None of these
can ever become common, as their propagation la a
very slow process. (T. 29.)

Oncidium concolor. — One of the loveliest Orchids
yet introduced to English gardens. Its large pure
yellow flowers, are produced in branching and drooping
clusters, a toot or more in leugth. The plant
should be grown on blocks, with a little fibrous peat
around the bulbs. The growing season is from April
till October, throughout which time the plants can-
not have too much moisture, and should therefore be
syringed twice a day. They like a cool treatment
during growth, and not too much shade. The plants
flower in April. The species is beautifully illustrated,
at t. 30.

Triohopilia, mavis var. alba. — A lovely audvery

OrTOBKR 1, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

407

fragrant Orchid, tlie soft ivory whiteness of whose
flowers harmonises well with the luxuriant green of
its broad handsome foliage, and as the surface cells of
the petals reflect the light, the whole flower sparkles
as if it were studded with myriads of minute crystals.
The plant, says Mr. Sander, requires the same treat-
ment as other Trichopilias, namely, an intermediate
temperature, a liberal supply of water during active
growth (March — September), and a decided rest after
the completion of growth. It requires a higher tem-
perature during growth (GO^ to 70°) than the other
species. During the resting period it should be kept
in a cooler house and watered sparingly. If gi'own
in a hanging-basket the pendulous spikes are seen to
better advantage. This exceptionally lovely Orchid
is well figured at t. 31.

Cattleya superba car. spli'tiiJ.€n^. — There are very few
Cattleyas that rival C. superba in point of colour and
fragrance, and the variety splendens is far more
beautiful and rare, being distinguished from the type
in its larger flowers, longer sepals and petals, richer
colour, and with more white on the labellum. Mr.
Sander recommends that it should have a warmer
treatment than most Cattleyas. The growing season
extends from early spring till the end of summer,
during a\ hich time the plants must be grown in a
temperature of 65^^ to 80° F.. and must be well
syringed. The flowers are produced from the new
bulbs when about three parts developed, therefore
after flowering the phmts must be kept growing
until the bulbs are fully developed, when they
should be removed to a cooler house till February,
when they should again be started into growtli.
(T. 32.)

Odonfoffiossum luteo-piu-parcum. — Tliis variety,
figured at t. 33, possesses a beauty peculiar to
itself; its bold and beautifully formed flowers
adorned with blotches of chestnut-brown on a
delicately shaded gi'ound, and hanging from a
tall giacefully arching spike, render it a plant to
be admired. It is a very variable plant, and it
belongs to a group the members of which are dis-
tinguished with ditliculty. It is one of the species
that requires to be kept rather dry at the roots at
times, and especially after the bulbs are developed
in May or June, after which period the plants should
be kept in a cool shady airy house, and only watered
occasionally, but at each watering the plants should
be thoroughly saturated. In early autumn, when
the young growth appears, the plants should be potted,
if necessary, in the usual compost, and placed in the
coolest part of a Cattleya-house. Throughout the
winter, which is the growing season of this species,
it must be placed in a slightly higher temperature
than that required by the majority of Odontoglots,
As the growths develope and the bulbs begin to
form, the plants must have copious waterings, con-
tinued tliroughout the flowering season, which is
generally in March or April, and until the bulbs are
full}' grown, which occurs about June, when a cooler
and drier treatment is required, this constituting the
resting season of the plant.

Cypripedium nivcton. — A white-flowered Cypripe-
dium, fi'om the Tambelau Islands (Malay Archi-
pelago). The conditions under which it grows
naturally are given by Mr. Furstermann, who found
this Orchid in the islands of Lancavii, near Penang.
It succeeds best in an East Indian-house, on the
south side, and during active growth (from April till
June) the temperature may range from 70° to 90° F.,
with sun-heat. Abundance of water should be
supplied, and an occasional syringing overhead will
be beneficial. The waterings should be gi'adually
diminished until in winter, when the plant is at rest,
little or no water will be required. A well drained
shallow pan is best for it, and the soil should consist
of turfy loam roughly broken, equal parts of broken
charcoal and soft limestone, and just sufficient coarse
sand to keep the compost open. The flowers are
produced in summer. (T. 34.)

StanJiopea Shuttleworthii. — We are glad to see Mr.
Sander includes species of this very remarkable, but
much neglected, genus in his magnificent publication.
S. Shuttleworthii is a comparatively new species, dis-

covered by Shuttleworth in tlie State of Tolima in
the Western Andes of New Granada. The flowers
are arranged in a loose, pendulous raceme, and
possess a strong aromatic fragrance. The plant may
be described as combining the rich colours of H.
Wardii with the habit and form of S. insignis,
Basket culture is essential for these plants. The
baskets should be of Teak, and shallow, with very
little drainage material, as this is likely to injure the
spikes while thrusting themselves through it. Broken
charcoal, rough leaf-mould, and plenty of live sphag-
num make a good Stanhopea compost. All the species
require warm treatment, t;ucii as that afforded by an
ordinary hot and moist stove. When at rest — from
October to Febuary — they should be kept dry, and
in a much lower temperature. When new growths
show themselves the baskets should be dipped in
tepid-water, and should remain in it till thoroughly
soaked, and throughout the summer they should be
dipped twice or thrice a week. When at rest the
basket should be hung in the coolest part of the
house away from the drying heat of the pipes.
Stanhopeas should only be rebasketed when abso-
lutely necessary, as thev dislike all disturbance of the
roots. (T. 35.)

L(eHa anctps var. Perdi'aliana. — Several of the best
forms of Laslia anceps were figured lately in the
Gardeners' Chronicle, but among them few surpass
in beauty the above-named variety. The sepals and
petals are rather narrow and the labellum is blunt,
and this, combined with the peculiar arrangement
of the tints, readily distinguishes it from other forms.
L. anceps succeeds best in a Cattleya-house, with a
temperature i-auging from 55° in the winter to 76°
with sun-heat, in summer. It is best gi-own in a
suspended basket or shallow pan, planted in light
Orchid compost. Active growth commences a few
weeks after the flowering season is past, which, in
the case of Percival's variety, is in February. The
pseudobulbs will then begin to send out numerous
small roots, and as soon as these are perceived the
plant should have abundance of mcisture, sunlight
and air. During active growth it is beneficial
to this, as well as to other Orchids grown under
similar conditions, to close the house for a few hours
during the afternoon, so as to enable the plants to
benefit by the warm, moisture-laden atmosphere,
but during the summer the house should be venti-
lated at night. Througliout the summer, until
autumn, the plants must have plenty of water, but
during October and November they should be kept
dry and cool in order to give them a decided rest.
When the flower-spikes are forming in autumn great
care must be exercised in watering, for if the plants
receive too little the spikes will be impaired in
vigour, and, if too much, danger may be apprehended
from excessive dampness. (T. 36.)

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE CARNATION AND PICOTEE.

The first week in October is a seasonable time to
begin potting. In previous notes on these plants I
may have alluded to the weak state of the plants in
the early summer months, caused by the unfavour-
able weather at that time, and not from any inherent
weakness in the plants themselves. This is evident
from the vigorous state of the plants at the present
time. Layering was finished about the first week in
August, and the favourable weather since that time
has induced the layers to root freely.

Those who grow a complete collection of Carna-
tions and Picotees should have them arranged in a
systematic manner. I begin with the scarlet bizarre
Carnations, following with the crimson bizarres, pink
and purple, purple flakes, scarlet flakes, and rose
flakes. Tliey are always arranged in this order in
the schedules, and in the best trade lists. The
Picotees are arranged thus : — heavy red, light red,
heavy purple, light purple, heavy rose, and light rose.
Selfs and fancies are also arranged by themselves.
Yellow ground Picotees follow suit. The pots con-

taiuing the plants generally get disarranged during
the summer and autumn months', but it is always
best to arrange them in regular sequence at this
time. The jjotting soil is always prepared in good
time. It is rather liglit in its character, viz., two
parts loam, free from wireworm, one part leaf-
mould, one of sand, and a little decayed stable-

We use large and small 60-sized pots for one or
two plants in each. Sometimes a plant may bei
large enough for the larger sized pots, but we usually
plant two in that size. When potted they are
arranged in frames near the glass. The lights have
to bo kept close for a few days until the plants have
rooted into the new compost. We grow many selfs
in pots, but some are planted out in the open ground,
as they succeed better, and liave a better effect in
beds and borders than flakes or bizarres. We plant
them out about the same time as the others are
potted. I fancy the sooner they become established
the better. It is only fair to add. that the best
flowers of Carnations and Picotees I meet with in
autumn are exhibited at Newcastle-upon-Tyne by
growers who have to work as mechanics by day, but
they are very enthusiastic. One grower told me he
slept in his summer-house at blooming time. They
plant out in November, in well-worked soil, enriched
by the sweepings from a cattle market. This is the
very best manure for Carnations. -/. Douglas.

Colonial Notes.

THE APPLE INDUSTRY OF NOVA SCOTIA.

Thanks to the Colonial Exhibition, and other
movements, we have heard a great deal of late of the
Apples of Nova Scotia. There seems (said Mr.
Justice Weatherbe) some misapprehension among
English people in regard to the Apple industry of
Nova Scotia. The province consists of as many as
eighteen counties, and yet the inhabitants of only
small parts of three counties — Hants, King's, and
Annapolis — can be said to be seriously engaged in
Apple culture. Nearly 21,000 square miles the pro-
vince contains, but the area of the Apple industr}'
may be said to average only two to two and a half
miles on each side of the track of the Windsor and
Annapolis Railway, eighty miles in length, in what
we call the Western Valleys ; or, again taking the
average, which is confirmed by men with a knowledge
of sui"veying, a total area of less than 400 square
miles. And of this 400 square miles only one-
thirtieth is planted, and only one-sixtieth is as yet
bearing, though the whole of the one-thirtieth is
rapidly coming into bearing also.

The conditions are exceptionally favourable. Last
year it is estimated by the manager of the Windsor
and Annapolis Railway, and others well qualified to
speak; that 300,000 barrels were produced, yielding
about 600,000 dols. (say £120,000). The outlay for
maintaining a bearing orchard as compared with the
producing power is merely nominal, so that the nett
cash yield of an acre, taking the price of Apples at
2 dols., would be at least 150 dols. (£30). Many
local growers would deem this too low an estimate,
but it is well to be on the safe side. One character-
istic of this Apple-growing belt is the enormous
average yield. Though one cannot rely on excep-
tional cases, some striking instances may be men-
tioned. The maximum crops from one tree exceed
anything I have heard of other countries. The
Warden of Kings County, Jlr. Barclay Webster, a
most trustworthy man, found on inquiry that a tree
produced as many as 26 barrels last year. The sea-
son was of course a prolific one, and I myself occa-
sionally heard of from 18 to 20 barrels to the tree.
The average quantity produced is about 75 to 100
barrels of marketable fruit to the acre. Though I
made inquiries when in each country I could not
hear of anything like that yield in Italy, France,
United States, or Great Britain itself. In the
United States, indeed, to judge from the agricultural
papers, the experience would seem to be about half

408

THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

[October 1, 1887.

that yield. It is, too, a characteristic of tlie Apple
growth of these Western Valleys that the trees
attain great size and bear fruit to a very great age.
While in other places, and in some of the fruit-
growing districts of the United States, as I find from
American agricultural journals, a tree attains its
maturity at from twenty-five to thirty years, we have
in the Western Valleys French trees which must
hiive been planted 200 years ago, and yet they are
bearing now, and I believe an ordinary tree does not
attain its maturity with us until it is seventy years
old. This of itself, it is said with reason, should
give our Api>le growers an advantage over the
producers of other countries. And whatever the
price may be, they are likely always to obtain a
profit.

The Apple requires a short period, six to eight
weeks, of continuous heat in the season, and a late
season in the spring, together with a clay soil, for
development under the most favoured circumstances.
It has these to perfection in the Western Valleys.
The soil is magnificent, and the basaltic ridge which
runs along the whole length of the valleys protects
them from the cool breezes of the Bay of Fundy,
which sweep over the other counties. Botanists
inform me that tlie blossom of the Apple tree is one
of the most delicate nature, and in a soil or climate
favourable to early development, late frosts or rains
are likely to largely decrease the crop. Hot weather
in the autumn also, which does not appertain to
Nova Scotia, tends to injure the productive power of
the tree.

And yet only one- thirtieth of the valley is planted.
But the fact that double as much is planted as is
bearing shows how rapidly the area of growth is
tending. Yet the producers are nearly all farmeis
first and Apple growers afterwards. Tlie orchards
are generally only from 1 to 5 acres in extent,
attached to farms of, say, 100 to 200 acres. Now,
however, the farmers are fast finding out that their
orchards bring them the most money. There are
many cases in which from 600 to 800 dols. (£120 to
£160) have been obtained from 1 acre in recent
years, and I have heard of a maximum yield in one
year being enough to cover the cost of the purchase
of the whole land, as well as the planting, the
fencing, and the interest on the money. These
cases, however, are exceptional, but the general good
returns are leading farmers to pay more attention to
their orchards, and it is certainly time they did so.
As you stand now on the hills you do not see a
" sea of orchards." as fancy might suggest, but simjily
a patch here and a patch there, though the condi-
tions are so exceptionally favourable that the laud
ought to be cultivated to its utmost.

The markets, too, are rapidly extending. We are
looking to European markets now. Sellers tell me
that our Apples stored in the province dui'ing the
winter and sent here in the spring, will bring from
22s. to 30s. per barrel. Of course, if sent over in the
autumn they sell for a smaller price, as the market
is well supplied. I think myself that our people
make a mistake in not turning their attention more
to the late-keeping Apples, .and ship in the spring,
rather than confining themselves almost entirely to
autumn shipments. When I was travelling lately iu
Northern Italy, France, and elsewhere in South-west
Europe, I found Apples on the table at every place,
but they were worthless compared with what Nova
Scotia could supply. .Since I have been in London
I have been informed by all fruiterers of whom I
have inquired that the Golden Russets, Nonpareils,
and other Nova Scotia varieties of the Apple, excel
all others for crispness and flavour as late keepers.
There is, indeed, no reason why these Western
Valleys should not be one of the most productive
ipots on the globe. Last year about 40,000 barrels
were shipped from the rivers running into the Bay of
Fundy direct to New York, in consequence of some
little temporary difference about the railway rates,
thus showing how successfully we can compete with
the States growers. They have not the same large
crops, while our quality is better. Indeed, I have
always understood, and dealers confirm the state-

ment, that in quantity and quality our Apples are
better than any in the late markets.

The industry is a very old one, and has an inter-
esting history. Nearly two hundred years ago a
report was made by a Frenchman at Port Royal to
the authorities at home in France in which lie spoke
of that place as a little Normandy for the ]iroduc-
tion of the Apple. Indeed, for from eighty to a
hundred years prior to the expulsion of the Acadians
in 1755 the industry was earned on, no doubt be-
cause it was even then recognised as an exception-
ally favoured district. The great settlements of the
French in those days were between Port Royal and
Grand Pro, and the cultivation of the Apple was
carried on then, as now, right along these Western
Valleys.

This is also the land of "Evangeline," made famous
by the hexameters of Longfellow. After a six days'
voyage to Halifax, the English tourist can reach this
orchard region in two to three hours by railway. It
was, indeed, owing to the investment of English
capital in the railway, and the recent improved
steamship facilities, that the surprising qualities of
the Nova Scotia Apples became established in Covent
Garden. There is little capital for investment in
Nova Scotia, and it remains to be seen whether, after
proper inquiry, this narrow fruit belt shall not be
entirely occupied and planted by outsiders. Several
Englishmen, after visiting the district, have gone
out recently, I am told, to commenoe operations.
The Canadian Gazette.

DISEASE OF TOMATOS.
Black Spot (Cladospoi!ium LYooPEnsrci).

It has been thought desirable to give a further
illustration of the disease of Tomatos which has
attracted so much attention during the late summer.
The disease has been well known to mycologists and
a few Tomato growers for several years, but during
the last two seasons it has become much better
known, and very virulent. Mr. Plowright first illus-
trated and described the fungus which seems to be
the cause of the ailment in the Gardeners Clironiclc
for November 12, 1881, p. 621, under the name of
Cladosporium lycopersici. Mr. Plowright describes
different phases of growth of the fungus, and these
phases have been observed by ourselves, although not
here re-described.

The upper part of fig. 80 shows a raceme of
Tomato fruits afflicted with black spot : it will be
observed that the fruits at the upper part of the
illustration are most affected, and the lower least so :
had another fruit been present at the bottom it
would probably have merely exiiibited a black spot
not more than one-sixteenth of an incli in diameter
encircling the decayed style. A peculiarity of the
disease is the remarkable flattening of the true apex
or side nearest the style of the fruit. The nature of
Cladosporium is to attack decayingvegetable material,
and the evidence seems to show that C. lycopersici
first attacks the decayed remains of the style whilst
the fruits are small and green, and at this posi-
tion the mycelium or spawn appears to gain access
to the interior of the fruit. The fungus grows
sparingly outside the fruits on the black patches,
and, when enlarged 400 diameters, is seen as at the
bottom right-hand corner of the illustration. The
spores are pale brown in colour, and divided by one
or two septa, or joints, as shown. The spores occur
on the fruits in all stages of growth and germination.
When a fruit is cut longitudinally in two the exposed
surface is seen as at the bottom left-hand corner.
The flattened apex is here very marked, and the
diseased interior is jet black, tlie disease starting
from the style and central parts of the fruit : the bhack
interior is generally hard, and in some examples re-
markably so. Very little mycelium can be seen with
the microscope in the hard dead and black parts,
but it is abundant between the dead and living
parts. The disease is not confined to any variety, or
to any mode of culture, such as described in
" A. D.'s" letter on p. 379, but it attacks .ill varie-
ties alike, and however grown ; such is our experi-

ence as founded on communications and examples
from many different correspondents. The disease
may not be precisely alike in liabit in all gardens ;
and, as far as we can learn, it never attacks the
leaves. Certain otlier species of Cladosporium (or
Ileterosporium) are known to be capable of living as
true parasites, and the destructive fungus before us
certainly seems to go on living iis a parasite after
having made its first attack on the minute dead speck
represented by the dead Tomato style. This disease
has nothing to do with the disease of Tomatos
described by us on p. 167. JVurl/uiic/toii G. Smith,
Bimstahk.

The Orchid Houses.

Gettino Ready fob Wintee. — It will be well to
look through the section of warm-house Orchids for
any summer-growing species which have made slow
progress, and such plants should be placed in the
most favourable position to finish their growth —
either at the warmest end of the house, or in the
house with the next highest temperature. Anguloas
will grow freely with cool-house Orchids during
summer, but require the temperature of the inter-
mediate-house in the autumn to complete their
growth.

Phalainopsis should be put in order now for the
winter, by picking out the worn-out material ; very
little sphagnum will suffice during the winter, and if
there is sufficient growing about the plants it is
better for re-dressing them than new would be. The
flowers of Vanda Sanderiana and V. coerulea will be
improved in colour if the plants be kept well up to
the roof while the buds are forming; and plants of
Lielia marginata and L. Dayana which may have
been grown in a cool-house may now be placed in
the Cattleya-house to open their flowers, a drier and
warmer treatment being adopted, to prevent the
flowers from decaying from damp. Dendrobiunis
that are being rested in a night temperature of about
50° should be well cleansed from scale or otlier
insects before the flower-buds begin to show, the
resting season of deciduous Dendrobiums always
offering a good opportunity to free them of thrips by
fumigating strongly once a week for two or three
weeks in succession.

Miltonia vexillaria should now be in congenial
quiirters, such as a Cattleya-house, although they
seem to require a rather raoister atmosphere than
suits most Cattleyas. Of Cattleya miixima, Back-
house's variety, now flowering here, is much richer
in colour than the ordinary type, which is more free
with us, one pseudobulb last year carrying nine
flowers. Some of the evils often attending Orchid
growing at this season of the year is affording too
much shading, and watering in excess of the needs of
the plants, and syringing. It may be assumed that
it is safer to keep Cattleyas on the dry side, espe-
cially such as have not yet matured their growth.
During bright sunny days keep the paths, walls and
stages damp in those houses whence the shading has
been removed. C. Woo/ford, Downside.

Plants and Their Culture.

SIiGNONETTE. — Few flowers in winter are more
appreciated than Mignonette ; its perfume, combined
with its endurance when cut and placed in water
makes it an invaluable subject at all times. Plants
raised in small pots about the end of June, and grown
on as single specimens, should now be well established
in 10-inch pots, and provided their shoots have been
stopped and not allowed to blossom, they should be
in a fit state to yield a good supidy of flowers during
the winter and early spring. 'The Mignonette will
not thrive during winter under any kind of treatment,
but it must have a light place near the glass, good
ventilation both night and day whenever the weather
is favourable, and just enough warmth afforded it
to keep it growing. Occasional doses of weak liquid
manure are of benefit, and it should not be allowed
to form seed.

Cyclamen. — We may now expect such weather as
will require the removal of these plants from cool
pits to their winter quarters, where they should be
kept near the glass, to prevent their foliage and
flowers from getting drawn, while a damp atmosphere
should be avoided, likewise very low temperatures.

October 1, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' GHBONICLE.

409

"We like to aHbrd ours, during winter, suilicient
warmth, by slightly heating the hot-water pipes, to
prevent the temperature falling below 45 at any
time ; and we open the ventilators sufficiently wide
to cause a circulation of air as often as the weather
will permit. Shading sliould have been discontinued
ere this, and syringing will no longer be requisite.
A simple remedy for aphis on the plants, should it
appear, is to dip the whole of the foliage into diluted
tobacco-watei'.

Primulas. — The varieties of P. sinensis must also
soon be put into a safe place. We winter ours in a
house with the Cyclamens, giving them a similar
position near the glass. One of the chief points in
the management of the Primula lies in the discreet
use of the water-pot, for they cannot endure a soil
sodden with water, or to have their foliage or stems
wet during the dull months, the double varieties
being particularly impatient in this respect. The
early batch of plants may now be allowed to blossom
if they are required. P. obconica is a persistent
flowering kind, almost hardy, and useful alike for
cntting purposes and pot culture.

East Luthian Stock. — Of these the white variety is
far the best for pot-culture. Plants treated as
advised in the Calendar for May 21 will soon need to
be lifted, and potted into 32"s ; most of them will have
blossomed, and the double ones, as soon as they
could be distinguished, should have been marked, and
had their blossoms removed. They do well in a
compost of loam mixed with a fair quantity of rotten
manure and crushed mortar. When potted they may
be placed in a cool frame, syringed daily, and shaded
until they can endure the sun. In winter a liglit
airy house or pit, where they are preserved from
frost, should be aflbrded them, and in February a
shiit be given into pots a size larger, when they may
be gently forced into blossom. As soon as well
rooted in their flowering pots they will require feed-
ing, and nothing suits better than soot occasionally
sprinkled upon the surface of the soil and watered
in. T. Coomber, Hcndrc Gardens.

Home Correspondence.

THE CRANE-FLY.— In this district (north-west
Middlesex) we are having quite a plague of the Crane-
fly, or Daddy-longlegs (Tipula oleracea). Gardens,
pastures, and houses alike are infested with them.
Evidently the late hot dry summer has been most
favourable to their development, and if their larva?,
the leather-jacket grub, is as plentiful in proportion
next spring, we shall have a lively time with young
crops. In gardens every means should be taken to
destroy the fly before it has time to deposit its eggs, the
female fly being capable of laying about 300. Gardens
well stocked with birds will receive now someTcom-
pensation for what little fruit was taken by the^birds
in the earlier part of the season ; blackbirds, thrushes,
and even sparrows have been busy with us eating the
fly ; swallows have also rendered good service in
eating and destroying large numbers. Juhn W. Odetl,
Pimier,

AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII.— This plant has flowered
freely during ttie summer in this vicinity, and now
bears flowers and fruit together in clusters. The
berries are in bunches like Grapes, and are still green.
Is it not uncommon ? G. P.. Jidgbaston. [Yes.]

WATERING ORCHIDS.— The past summer has
certainly been an exceptional one. and the difficulty
many gardeners have found in regard to a constant
supply of water will be long remembered. It may not
happen again in a lifetime, yet if we should happen to
have a dry October I fear in some cases those tanks
which have but a scanty supply of rain-water will
again run short. This being the case, it will be wise
to be careful in the use of rain-water, and let the
dampings-down be done witli any other kind of
water. Do not use any but the former for watering
Orchids. The injurious eflect following the neglect
of this rule has been brought under my notice by
several good gardeners, each and all of whom afiirm
that since the regular supply of rain-water has been
much reduced, and hard water used, much evil has
resulted, and fear is felt that the consequences will
prove serious at a later period. Soft water, such as
is supplied to many of the districts of towns in the
North — as, for instance, the pure water of Manchester
and its neighbourhood — or clear rain-water run from
the roofs of dwelling-houses and glass erections
into capacious tanks, is the best for Orchids.

Some hard-wooded plants are speedily injuriously
affected when hard water is employed ; but the
roots of Orchids outside the pots that have the
syringe used amongst them occasionally, are sure to
suffer harm, and in time shrivel up and die. I speak
more of those places where the supply of rain-water
has fallen short, and the other (hard) water come into
use. I am well aware that round London much hard
limey water is used, and but little harm seems to
follow ; still, even in that locality, it is much better
to store the Jsoft rain-water if it can be done, and
use only that on the plants, and the other for
damping down and washing out Vanda, Sept. 24.

CLOVE CARNATION.— Paul Engleheart is a plant
for every garden, and it is good news to hear that it
is now within the reach of all who desire to grow the
best flowers. It is a dark crimson Clove, of dwarf,
sturdy habit, very free-flowering, and of hardy and
strong constitution. The flowers are carried nearly

Flu. 89.— TOMATO DISEASE.

erect on short stiff' stalks that need no staking. The
colour is one of the richest forms of the deep scarlet-
crimson of the old Clove, and the scent the most sweet
and powerful of its class. From its dwarf habit and free
blooming property it is more suitable than any Car-
nation I am acquainted with for growing in beds or
large patches, and the same good qualities make it
valuable for a long-continued supply of cut flowers.
G. Jekyll, Mmistead, Godalming,

EXTRAORDINARY CROP OF POTATOS.— It may

interest your readers to see the benefit a change of
land has on the Potato cro|i. I learnt from a man
who has been in the gardens here more than forty
years, that there had never been Potatos planted on
one of the quarters in the kitchen garden since he
came, and, it being Jubilee year, we planted this
quarter, under the old Apple trees. We all know
the summer was a very dry and warm one, and the
cry went up that we should not have any large quan-
tity of Potatos ; however, with all this the result of
the change in this garden was wonderful. The first
week in April I put my Potatos in, the sorts being

Sutton's Seedling, Kusset, Abundance, and Kegent,
Beauty of Hebron, Pride of Leeds Castle, Ohio,
Perkins' Snowdrop, White Elephant — the White
Elephant being the largest sets, although all were
first-class in every respect. Of White Elephant
there were four rows of 45 yards each, the produce
of which amounted to 19 bushels ; weight 9 cwt. 45 lb.
Thirty-three Potatos weighed 57 lb., and filled a
bushel basket ; six weighed 13 lb., and one weighed
3 lb. 7 oz. ; and these tubers are here to be seen.
Any one wishing to grow a few good sorts should
try any of those I have mentioned. The quarter
where the Potatos were formerly grown is now
planted with winter stufl' of various kinds, the change
for these being equally good. William Lewis, Leeds
Castle Gardens, Kent. [We should have thought no
gardener of the present day would continue to crop
a quarter of his garden with Potatos year after year.
It would get " Potato-sick." Ed.]

GRAFTED RHODODENDRONS.— In planting Rho-
dodendrons on anything like a large scale, only those
on their own roots sliould be used. Grafted plants,
unless in a very limited number indeed, should be
carefully avoided, for K. ponticum is a deal cheaper,
and will have much the same efl'ect in the long run.
Of this fact I became more painfully aw.are than ever
this summer when visiting in the time of Rhodo-
dendrons a gentleman to whom, some fifteen years
since, in the days of my ignorance, I pvesented a
large number of the best varieties of Khododendrons
which were planted in masses in the shrubberies and
round the lake. Instead of the varied and beautiful
colours which should have greeted my eyes, I beheld
everywhere a dull mass of ponticums, only here and
there relieved by a relic of brighter hue, to show
what might have been had I only foreseen the fatal
result of presenting gi-afted plants to my friend.
Neglect, no doubt ; but in a neighbouring garden
where Khododendrons are a specialty, and no expense
is spared — and where, moreover, I was assured the
stock growths were cut away every year most carefully
— the same process of deterioration was apparent, and
I detected several rogues which had certainly not been
invited. Such will ever be the case unless plants on
their own roots are used. Life is short, so are most
people's memories. Grafted Rhododendrons are a
woeful snare— a delusion. The cutting is sure to be
neglected ; and even were it not so — Le jeii ne miit
jias la cliandelle. Eocks.

TOBACCO IN CHESHIRE.— I send for your inspec-
tion and opinion two plants of Tobacco, taken from
a crop of about six or seven dozen : the ones sent are
about the average, both in height and length of leaf.
They have received no special treatment, and are the
produce of an ordinary packet of Nicotiana tabacum.
They were sown in a pan and pricked thence when
large enough, into boxes, and planted outdoors, when
large enough in themiddle of May, 3 feet apart between
rows, and 2 feet from plant to plant, in a sheltered
corner of the kitchen garden here, soil moderately
rich, with a slight dressing of mixed manure chiefly
leaf-soil, and received no further attention, except dis-
budding occasionally. Of course we have had an ex-
ceptionally warm summer, for this part of the country
especially, but I think if produce anything equalling
this could be relied on as the result of an average
summer, that a crop exceeding in value anything
produced at present in this neighbourhood might be
obtained, provided always that suitable and fair
arrangements could be come to with the authorities.
West Cheshire. [Too well grown, the ribs of the leaves
having become so thick that much loss would accrue
in manufacture. The grossest plants make usually
the worst " weed." Ed.]

EFFECT OF STOCK UPON SCION.— There are
some trees of Tilia europa^a laciniata in the pleasure-
grounds here, and one of them affords a rather re-
markable instance of the effect a stock sometimes
has upon a scion. The tree in question is some
45 feet in height, with a bole of about 6 feet in
height before it branches, above which the branches
are very numerous, as is characteristic to the variety.
The common Lime (T. europaia) has been used as a
stock, as is evinced from suckers, the union being at
the ground level. The peculiarity is first shown
upon a branch which breaks from the stem about
8 feet from the ground, and the branch divides into
three equally sized leads at 3 feet from the stem,
each of the trio being distinct in character, one being
T. e. laciniata, a second T, europ.a'a, and the re-
maining one intermediate in form between these.
This may not be generally interesting but it is so to
me, and I should be glad to know if T. e. laciniata is,

410

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 1, 1887.

as I suspect, a sport from T. europwa ? [Doubtless]
and if the intermediate form is a named variety
already common ? [We think not.] I may mention
there is another small branch of the intermediate
form near to the summit of the tree, and herewith,
I forward specimens of each for comparison. Thomas
Coomher, The Hcndre Gardens.

WHEELER'S TOM THUMB CABBAGE LETTUCE.—
This Lettuce is said to be quite distinct from the
Tennis Ball, and is suited equally for winter and
summer culture. It is much grown in many parts
of the country. A.

THE NEW TOMATO DISEASE.— This disease in
the Tomato appears to be partial to certain varieties,
especially the more vigorous gi'owers ; out of five
varieties growing in one house I only found one
affected with it, namely, Sutton's Conqueror ; nearly
every fruit on this variety has gone off exactly as
your correspondent describes on p. o70, although
growing under the same circumstances as the others,
while outdoors I have not seen the slightest signs of
it on any variety. From the discoloration I should say
that the disease is very nearly allied, if not a form of
l*eronosporainfestans. P. Conway, Muntham,Worthivg.

POTATO SCAB. — Referring to Mr. Willis' note in
your issue of the 20th ult., p. 228, as to the results
which German investigators have aiTived at respect-
ing the origin and cure of the Potato scab, my
experience as a practical cultivator leads me to
believe that science has not yet arrived at the cause
or causes of this affection. For many 3'ears I culti-
vated Potatos on a dry and well-drained limestone
soil, and in more than one garden where the soil
consisted of town humus with a good deal of old
mortar and limestone debris of buildings, and I never
recollect having seen a crop dug there altogether free
from the scab, and wliich was always largely present
and in greater proportion in dry hot seasons. About
twenty years ago I tried the effect of planting a dozen
rows of the Myatt's Ashleaf variety — one row left
unraanured and the remaining rows treated with
stable dung, malt-dust, guano, soot, bone-dust, super-
phosphate, slaked lime, a nitrogenous compound, and
the other rows with different manures, but which did
not include either burnt refuse, kainit, or any specific
wliich would be likely to contain potash salts, each
row being treated with the one kind of manure only.
The season proved a dry one, and on lifting the crop
I could see no perceptible difference in the rows, the
tubers from all being alike very scabby, so I gave up
further investigation. I have, however, seen good
clean samples of Ashleaf taken from a similar garden,
but where the soil was somewhat deeper, containing
more humus and less lime nibbish, and was annually
manured almost solely with cinder ashes. I have
once grown Potatos on a considerable scale on light
pandy and well drained clay soil in North Beds,
manuring, if at all, moderately with stable dung ; and
there I have met with less of the scab, although it
has appeared from time to time, especially in dry
seasons, showing itself more in some varieties than
in others. When I have not had stable dung, and I
considered the ground insufficiently fortified, or
where I have looked for a clean crop, I have used
occasionally burnt or half-cliarred garden refuse or
potash manures, and where either of these were sown
in the rows at planting the tubers have come fairly
free from scab ; but this season on digging the early
sorts, whether potash manures or stable dung had
been used, the samples are generally scabby and much
under size, the potash salts for want of moisture
being still undissolved and visible in the soil. I have
also grown Potatos this and last season as a clean-
ing crop on stiff boulder clay laud in Bedford much
out of condition, but recently well drained and the
crop unmanured. Last year, which was compara-
tively a dry season, part of it was planted with the white
Beauty of Hebron, an early variety, and the tubers
when dug showed a good deal of scab ; later sorts,
which made their growth after rain, coming, how-
ever, perfectly clear of it. This year other parts of
the land w^re planted with about forty different sorts,
the land at tlie time being very dry and rough ; and
on recently lifting the earlies, which had but one
slight rain from planting to dig-day. I found the soil
almost in the same condition as at planting, and
pome of the varieties excessively scabby, whilst other
f-urts grown in adjoining rows were nearly free from
the affection. 1 have never grown Potatos on wet
land, but I have seen large quantities lifted in the
f'-ns of Hunts, and whenever scab appeared it was
invariably in the dry and well-drained parts, those
grown on the wetter lands coming cleaner samples,

although dark coloured. I feel convinced therefore
that if moisture be at all a cause of the disease it is
not the sole cause, and that stable manure does not
greatly increase it. On the other hand I am inclined
to think there is sompthing in Mr. Willis' suggestion,
that the morbid condition of the cuticle may be due
to fungoid growth, and that the spores take root
where the skin has sustained some slight injury ; and
it seems likely that injuries might be due either to
punctures from the shar;* points of stones, lime
rubbi.'^h, or other sharp mineral, or even Couch-grass,
eartliworms. or insects and their larv'ic ; and is it not
possible that the latter in dry seasons like the
present, although not necessarily vegetable feeders,
may resort to the cuticle of the Potato for moisture,
and so start the injury? It would seemtiiat in some
varieties the cuticle is more delicate, and conse-
quently less able to combat the fungus attacks than
in others, and that where the growth of the tuber is
slow or checked the fungus has more opportunity to
secure a hold. The varieties which are most severely
affected this season are those of a solid, heavy, and
dry texture and yellowish colour, and which appa-
rently contain the most nutriment ; but in no case
do I find that the quality of the tuber is injuriously
affected by the presence of scab. I think that burnt
garden refuse, cinder-ashes, and potash salts, as pro-
bably being unfavourable to fungoid growth, are, at
least, partial preventives of the evil, which is cer-
tainly more prevalent in dry soils than in wet, and in
dry seasons than in wet. T, La.vftiH. Bedford.

GROS COLMAR GRAPE IN AN UNHEATED
HOUSE.^I send you a sample of Gros Colmar Grape
grown all the summer throughout with full ventila-
tion night and day. The Vine was started early in
the year, with very little fire-heat ; the roots are out-
side, and no water whatever was afforded, except by
rainfall. 6^. Solas, Hopcton. [The Grapes were large
in berry, very well coloured, and of good flavour. Ed.]

LILIUM AURATUM. — I notice in your last issue
(p. 378) record of a splendid clump of this Lily
planted out. It has not been my fortune to see one
like this, which I believe are far from common. This
species of Lily is usually grown as a pot plant, and a
most showy one it is. This year we had several very
fine ones, and on reference to my note-book I found
notice of one pot which bore 157 flowers. The pot
was a 12-inch one. Four bulbs were placed in the
pot, and there were seven spikes of flowers produced,
one of which carried fifty-nine flowers, two others
from one root having respectively thirty-two, and
forty-five flowers. It was a very handsome pot of
Lilies, as the blossoms were nearly all out together.
On one spike in another pot there were seventy
flowers. The most of these were from selected
imported bulbs of last year, so it will be seen that
with ordinary care the species did \evy well. The
treatment was as follows: — Each bulb was planted
in a single pot, potted so that half the bulbs were
exposed as soon as they had young stems
an inch or so long. I had those made up
into their flowering-pots, four bulbs in each. They
were then set in the Heath-house, where they grew
away, and flowered as mentioned. I have not had
such good success with imported bulbs the first year
before. This Lilium seems to delight in turfy loam,
amongst which there is a good portion of half-rotten
leaves, which they root in freely. li. M., Sept. 24.

If Lily growers are to accept Mr. Ware's

dictum (see p. 311) respecting the forms of L.
speciosum, it would appear that we have only now
discovered what the true L. speciosum album
really is; which, then, is the variety under this
name having the purplish-broivn stem and buds, and
of which thousands upon thousands have already
been distributed ? Of this white-flowered form
Mr. Ware observes — " There seems to be some con-
fusion," though he does not appear to realise how
much he is assisting in such confusion. At the pre-
sent moment I know of three different names for
this particular Lily ; there is the one alluded to
above, i.e. L. speciosum album veinim, and adopted
by Mr. Ware ; then there is L. speciosum
album novum, adopti'd by Messrs. Gordon ; and
there is I^. speciosum album grandidum [!], as adopted
by Messrs. Collins Bros. & Gabriel. I further
know of a fourth nurseryman having this iden-
tical form, but I am not aware that he has
as yet christened this new comer, but should
he do so, or should half-a-do/.en other nurserymen
become possessors of this Lily, and each adopt their
own name, there will be no end to the confusion.
The form in question belongs to the section having
green stems and buds, and is very distinct; and,

apart from the purity of the blossoms individually',
the rachis on the reverse of the segments is pure
white also, a characteristic not found in any other of
this group. In one or two cases the rachis is cream,
but in no instance have those with yellow anthers a
green backbone — a character always accompanying
Kraetzeri, which, by the way, requires an amount of
beating. AVell-marked forms of anything are deserving
distinguishing names, but we must draw the line
somewhere. Even in L. s. Kraetzeri there is a great
deal of variation, and I suppose always will be in
collected plants, which for the most part are seed-
lings ; only to-day I took four blooms of Kraetzeri
from one plant — the one much stained with red, the
other only slightly, while the remaining two were as
pure as one could wish. In some flowers the green
star in the centre is replaced by a cream-coloured
one, which does not improve it. Some flowers, too,
are perfectly revolute, others very closely imitate a
starfish, but with the points of the divisions more or
less twisted ; and differences such as these are to be
found on the self-same plant. The pure white form
with yellow anthers is, however, distinct from all,
though it is by no means so rare as Mr. Ware appears
to imagine. In my case the date of its flowering is
identical with that of Kraetzeri, unless a point is to
be strained for three or four days, which is all the dif-
ference betwixt it and Kraetzeri ; and as far as I can
see at present, they will continue and finish about
equal. Your correspondent also appears to have
both in flower together. I enclose some blooms
showing the variations of whicli I speak. E. Jenkins.

Societies.

BOYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Tuesday, September 27. — The chief interest of
the above meeting, whicli was held in the conserva-
tory, centred in the large and comprehensive collec-
tion of Tomatos from the Society's garden at
Chiswick, and in the various trade and other collec-
tions of Dahlias of all sections.

Floral Committee.

Present ; Shirley Hibberd, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. W. Goldring, H. Bennett, J. H. Lowe, H.
Herbst, G. Duffield, G. Paul, J. Eraser, K. Dean,
W. Holmes, C. Noble, H. Ballantine, J. Domiuv, H.
M. PoUett, A. F. Lendv, T. Baines, E. Hill, B.
Wynne, J. Douglas, W. Wilks, and J. Walker.

A small collection of Gladioli came from Mr.
Smith, Kilmarnock, which received a well-deserved
mark of Cultural Commendation. Finer spikes than
these have seldom been seen anywhere in the South,
the flowers being very large, yet not distinguished
by any coarseness, and the spikes ranged from 1 foot
to H foot in length. Of varieties we may mention :
— Etendard, white, suft'used lilac ; Grande Kouge, a
beautiful crimson ; Amitie, white, yellow and pink —
a hint for colorists as to arrangement of hues ;
Matador, bright cerise, the three lower segments
white, with cerise tip ; La Vesuve, scarlet, very
bright ; Tamerlane, very dark crimson, lower seg-
ment white — a very distinct fine flower; Crepuscule,
lilac, flaked with purple.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nursery, Cheshunt,
showed a large collection of Dahlias, consisting of
pompons, show, single-flowered, and Cactus or deco-
rative. Amongst the singles Mrs. Harry Whitfield,
a large pale yellow, fine and regular in form ; and
Canterbury Tales, a fine magent.a-coloured flower,
were considered the best. Several others that had
been honoured with Certificates in former years were
in the collection, and were generally remarked for
their superiority over more recent introductions.
In pompons, Handel's Gartner, a nice yellow ;
Garnet, Glow-worm, and a general collection of the
best of these was shown ; likewise some Cactus
Dahlias, of uncouth size, amongst them being the
long discarded D. picta fonnosissima. Of show
kinds a very fine collection was staged. A Silver
Banksian Medal.

Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham, staged a number of
Cactus Dahlias with their foliage ; many varieties of
pompon — amongst these last Pure Love, a lilac
flower ; Golden Gem and Darkness being the
prettiest. A few Liliums and other hardy flowers
completed this group.

One of the best collections of show Dahlias, good
alike in quality and variety, was that exhibited by
Mr. J. T. West, gi-. to \V. Keith, Esq., The Corn-
walls, Brentwood. An amateur showing in such

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

411

gooil style should have received some sufficient
encouragement to appear .again at South Kensington,
if it were but a Cultural Commendation, and not have
been given a mere vote of thanks. Messrs. H. Cannell
& Sons, Swanley, showed Cactus Dahlias and Begonia
blooms ; J[r. G. S. P. Harris, Orpington, seedling
show Dahlias Yellow Queen and President, both
yellows, but of different tints ; and ^.lorning Star, a
white with flesh coloured suffusion.

A stand of twenty-four show Dahlias in Mr. C.
Turner's usual fine style came from the Slough
nurseries— Plutarcli, an orange ground flower striped
and flaked with crimson, was the newest in colour.
An extensive display of the show section of Dahlia
was put up by Messrs. Rawlings Bros., Komford.
There were flfteen dozen of very superior blooms ;
some, indeed, miglit be taken to be the finest blooms
at the meeting. Prank Pearce. a rosy-lilac, flaked
slightly with purple, obtained a Certificate John
Henshaw, Shirley Hibberd, Queen of the Belgians,
and Mrs. W. Slack were exceedingly fine blooms.
A Bronze Banksian Jtedal. A similar aw.ard was
made to Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, for an
assortment of Cactus-Dahlias in great variety ; like-
wise twenty-four bunches of single Dahlias— alto-
gether a showy contribution.

Jlr. P. I'arker, nurseryman, Leamington, showed
a dwarf slender-habited Solanum capsicastrum ele-
gans; tlie berries, which are numerously produced,
are of au oval form, and the colour of the older
variety. A group of two dozen plants were shown.
Mr. S. Allen, Sale, Manchester, exhibited a robust
specimen Fern — Nephrolepis Duffii, in a 10-inch pot.
A Cultural Commendation was awarded.

Mr. K. Dean, Ealing, exhibited his strain of Gail-
lardia picta, and a semi-double white form of Dian-
thus Heddewigii, dwarf and free — good for small beds
or pots.

Orchiih. — From Sir Trevor Lawrence's garden
were Cadiopsis hyacinthosma, a jdant with smooth
oval pseudobulbs, and fun-owed lanceolate foliage
18 inches long — the spike of white flowers protruding
from beneath, as in Acineta, sepals and petals white,
and acutely triangular in shape, the throat at the
base yellow; the bright scarlet Epidendrum .xanthi-
nuni, Odontoglossum Keichenbachianum, showing a
flower-spike 5 feet in length, clothed with widely
separated lateral flower-spurs, on which are from
two to five blooms each. 'The sepals and petals are
prettily marked witli dark brown bars on a green
ground ; the narrow lanceolate lip is white, with a
base of rosy-purple, and tip white. Cattleya Gaskel-
liana superba, a very fine form of this species.

From the collection of F. G. Tautz, Esq., were
Cat.isetum costatum, a curious green-flowered species,
the keel-like flowers being set compactly together on
a short flower-stalk ; and Miltonia Regnelli pur-
purea.

A. Smith, Esq., Silvermere, Cobham, showed Den-
drobium f'ormosum giganteum.

Messrs. J. 'Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, exhibited
again Begonia John Ileal, well in flower. For en-
during properties this Begonia hybrid has few equals
— the individual blooms keeping fresh on tlie plant
for nearly tliree weeks.

iMr. A. Duncan, Summerhow, Kendal, exhibited a
large specimen of Adiantum cuneatnm Hartleyanum,
in the w.ay of A. gracillimum.

FiRST-CL.vss Certificates.

For Dahlia (fancy) Frank Pearce, from Messrs.
Kawdings Bros.

For Dahlia (decorative) llenry Patrick, from Jfr.
T. S. Ware.

For Dahlia (fancy) Plutarch, from Mr. C. Turner.

For Dahlia (single) Canterbury Tales, from
JFessrs. Paul & Son.

For Dahlia (single) Mrs. H.OTy 'Whitfleld, from
JFessrs. Paul & Son.

Fruit Committee.

Present i .John Ijce, E^q.. iu the chair; iind
Messrs. A. H. Pearson, G. T. Miles, G. Norman, S.
Ford, J.' Lane, J. Fitt, P. Barr, R. D. Blackmore,
J. Woodbridge, P. Crowley, and G. Bunyard.

A small collection of Grapes, grown in a cool
vinery, came from the Society's garden, consisting
of Jliller's Burgundy, Esperion, Poster's Seedling,
Black Hamburgh, Royal Muscadine, Ferdinand de
Lesseps, and Diamant. These were mostly in a
ripe condition, but few were pleasant eating, and
flavour was remarkiible for its absence. Some fruits
of seedling Melons named Jubilee, raised from Hero
of Lockinge and Cox's Gem, were shown by Mr.

Howe, Benham Park ; these were luscious, thick in the
flesh, which was white, and thin in the rind. It is a
yellow-skinned variety that would perhaps have been
better as regards flavour earlier in the season. Mr.
T. Baines, Palmer's Green, showed seedling Apples ;
Jlr. J. Chambers, Isleworth, a dish of the same fruit
for name ; Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone,
showed Graham's Royiil Jubilee Apple ; it is a large
fruit, greenish-yellow, of no particular merit.

Some rather flavourless American Blackberries
— the American Cut-leaf — were shown by Messrs.
Cheal & Son, Crawley. These fruits do not seem
at home in English soil, and are beaten on all
points by the common Bnamble, which itself does not
get much appreciation. Messrs. Cheal showed also
several dishes of Apples. Mr. C. Bowers, Castle
Hill Gardens, Cerne, showed Pitmaston Orange
Nectarines ; and Mr. Sansum, Wedworth Gardens,
Honiton, Melons.

Potato akd Tomato Trials at Chiswick.

At a meeting of tlie Fruit and 'Vegetable Com-
niittea held at Chiswick, September 21 -present :
John Lee, Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. Barr, Miles,
Burnett, Fitt, Bunyard, Pearson, Norman, .and Lane
— the committee examined the collection of Potatos
growing in the gardens. The following varieties,
selected as possessing good appeiirance and cropping
qualities, were tested by rooking, and First-class
Certificates awarded, viz. : —

Lord Teiniysan (Fletcher). — Round, flattened,
purple-flaked, rough skin, white flesh, good quality.

Day's Sunrise (Day).— Early White round, clear
rough skin, white flesh, good cropper.

Maiiwrop Kidney (Johnson).— White kidney, clear
rough skin, white flesh, good cropper.

Ear/y fMiite Beauty (Webber). — White round,
clear rough skin, white flesli. good cropper.

The committee inspected the collection of To-
matos grown iu the open ground, the following
varieties being selected as "types," and awarded
three marks each, viz. : —

Perfectiou. — Fruits large, smooth, round, red.

Horsfoi'd's Prelude. — Fruits medium, oblate,
smooth, deep red, very freely produced.

Open Air (Laxton). — Fruits medium, flattened,
and somewhat corrugated ; early and free bearing.

Kinq Hu>id}ert or Chminek Red. — Fruits oblong,
angular, red, great cropper.

Golden Queen. — Fruits large, smooth, orange-
yellow.

The result of tlie Chiswick trials of Tomatos has
tended to reduce the chaos of names to something
like order. The plants were grown out-of-doors on a
•south border under a wall, and as all received the
same treatment the experiment is a conclusive one.
The name printed in italics is the origimal under
which each variety was first introduced, and tlie Fruit
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society have
adopted it as the standard by which the variety shall
henceforth be known, all the others being merely
synonyms. Those market '^ received a First-class
Certificate : — ■

1. 0/)r« ^i'r (Laxton) ; Faultless Early (Farquhar).

2. Early Dwarf {Yi\mmm) \ Orangefield (Veitch) ;
Orangefield Improved (Kutley & Silverlock) ; Little
Gem CVeitch) ; Conqueror (Veitch) ; Early Red
(Vilmorin).

■A. Large Red (Veitch); No. 1 (J Banstead) ;
Sensation (Webb) ; Canada Victor (Farquhar) ;
Glamorgan (Hurst) ; Cooper's Dwarf Prolific
(Cooper) ; Wheeler's Prolific (Wheeler) ; Nisbet's
Victoria (Sharpe).

»4. Horsforl's Prelude (Horsford & Pringle).

5. Paragon (Farquhar) ; Eclipse (Sharpe).

6. Chiswick Bed (R.H.S.) ; King Humbert (Rut-
ley & Silverlock) ; King Humbert (Veitch).

7. No. 1 (Watkins & Simpson).

8. Pear-shaped (Farquhar) ; Nisbet's Victoria
(Veitch).

9. Cherry-shaped (Farquhar).

10. Hathaway's E.vcelsior (Farquhar) ; Emery (Far-
quhar) ; Hathaway's Excelsior (Veitch) ; Key's Pro-
lific (Veitch) ; Large Smooth Red (Farquhar).

*11. Perfection (Farquhar) ; Livingstone's Perfec-
tion (Rutley & Silverlock) ; Livingstone's F.avourite
(Farquhar) ; Livingstone's Favourite (Dean) ; Per-
fection CVeitch) ; Reading Perfection ; Pre-
sident Cleveland (Farquhar) ; Cardinal (Farqu-
hiir) ; Stamfordian (Veitch); jra3-flower (Veitch);
Optimus (Ben.ary) ; Red Tomato, from Sandwich
Islands (Carter) ; Webb's Jubilee (Webb) ; Jubilee
(Nutting).

12. Haalimod Pari- Prulijic (Veitch) ; Invicta

(Veitch); General Grant (Farquhar); No. 3 (Wat-
kins & Simpson) ; Trentham Early (Veitch).

13. Trophy (Farquhar) ; Trophy (Veitch).

14. Hepph-'s Goliath (Veitcli).

15. Acme (Veitch); Acme (Farquhar); Acme;
Brookwood A 1 (R. Lloyd) ; Early Essex (Farquhar) ;
The Pomegranate (Sharpe) ; No. 2 (J. Banstead) ;
Livingstone's Beauty (Farquhar).

10. i'ick's Criterion (Veitch).

17. The Mikado (Watkins & Simpson) ; The
Jlikano (Farquhar) ; Universal (Veitch).

18. Plum-shaped (Farquhar).

19. Yellow Cherry (Farquhar).

20. Grem Gaye (Farquhar) ; Green Gage (Veitch).
*21. Golden Queen CViiWams) ; Yellow Tomato (J.

Smith). ^

22. Blenheim Orange (Carter).

23. Prince of Orange (Hurst).

24. Large Yellow (Farquhar) ; Large Yellow
(Veitch).

25. White Apple (Farquhiir).

26. Currant or Grape (Farquhar).

GLOUCESTER AND CHELTENHAM
ROYAL HORTICTTLTXTRAL.

September 14 and 15.— The annual autumn show
of this Society was held in the grounds of the Winter
Gardens, Cheltenham, on the above dates, and
although rain fell heavily at intervals during the
afternoon of the first day, the committee and its
courteous secretary (Mr. Bridgewater) had the satis-
faction of seeing the three large exhibition-tents
pretty well filled with visitors, Mr. James Cypher
was the chief exhibitor of plants ; Messrs. Heath &
Son, likewise of Cheltenham, also showed plants,
Appended is a list of the awards : —

Plants.— Mr. Cypher was the only exhibitor of six
stove and greenhouse flowering plants, and he was
deservedly awarded the 1st prize for fresh and
superbly flowered plants of Clerodendron Balfouria-
num, Allamanda Henderson!, A. nobilis, Lapageria
alba, Bougainvillea glabra, and Vallota purpurea, a
grandly flowered plant. In the class for a collection
of thirty plants in or out of flower, grouped for eft'ect,
there were two competitors, Mr. Cypher being easily
1st with a grand lot, his Crotons, Prince of Wales,
Johannis, Sunset, Queen Victoria, Majesticus, Muta-
bilis, and Countess being of good size, fresh, and
highly coloured ; Cycas revoluta, and C. Normanbyana,
Kentia Canterburyana, Cyathea excelsa, and Latania
borbonica being everything that could be desired
as regards size and freshness of fronds. The
flowering plants were equally good — a plant
of Ixora Duffii with immense trusses
of orange-red flowers being the most noticeable.
Messrs. Heath & Son were 2nd for a very creditably
grown and well staged collection. Mr. Cypher was
again to the front for twelve exotic Ferns, staging a
fresh and select dozen, including a good Gleichenia
Mendelii, Gymnogramma chrysophylla, and Adian-
tum Williamsii ; Mr. Smith, gr. to Mr. Pilgrim, was
2nd, showing a nice even fresh lot of plants. There
were only two lots put up. Mr. Smith had the best
eighteen varieties of British Ferns, Mr. C. Lodge the
second best. Si.x grandly flowered pans of Achi-
menes were shown by Mr. Lewis, gr. to Mrs. Ling-
wood. Zonal Pelargoniums were well shown. Mr.
Lewis secured 1st prize for nine neatly trained, fresh,
and well-flowered specimens. Fuchsias were also
well shown. Mr. H. Sparks was 1st for eight distinct
varieties ; and Mr. Mayo, gr. to P. H. Osborne, Esq., was
1st for four varieties. Mr. Cypher was the only exhi-
bitor in the class for an ornamental basket of plants,
showing the gi-eatest taste in arrangement. This
exhibit evinced great taste iu the selection and
aiTangemeut of the plants used, and was quite a
feature of the show.

Cut Flowers.— Messrs. Heath & Son were 1st for
twenty-four Dahlias, distinct ; Mr. Hobbs, Bristol,
was 2nd. The same exhibitors were accorded like
positions for twelve fancy Dahlias, and a like number
of Roses in as many varieties, showing fresh even
blooms in each case. Mr. G. S. Walter, Calne ;
Mr. T. Evey, Batheaston; and Mr. W. J. .Jones.
Bath, were the successful exhibitors of German and
French Asters. Mr. Mansfield was 1st for three
dressed vases for dinner-table, with a creditable
arrangement.

Fruits. — As the result of special prizes, £10, £5, and
£2, which were offered this year for the first time —
for collections of nine dishes of fruit (Pines excluded)
— such a lot as had not been seen at any previous
show of the Society was staged, seven good all-

412

THE GABDENEBS' CUB ONI CLE.

[Octobeh 1, 1887.

round collections having been put on. Mr. J. H.
Goodacre, gr. to the Earl of Harrington, Elvaston
Castle, Derby, was 1st, showing good Madresfield
Court and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Victory of
Bath Melon, Sea Eagle Peacli, Brown Turkey Figs,
Violette Hative Nectarines, large and well-coloured
"Washington Plums, Apricots and Cherries, Mr. Rose,
gr. to Lord Wantage, Lockinge House, Wantage, and
Mr. Nash. gr. to the Duke of Beaufort, Badminton,
Chippenham, being very close 2nd and 3rd in that order.
Mr. Rose had heavy shouldered and well coloured
bunches of Muscat of Alexandria, and had his Black
Alicantes been better finished, he would have ob-
tained a higher position. Mr. Nash's collection con-
tained a Golden Perfection Melon, 7-^ lb. Mr. W.
Cliild, gr. to the Earl of Coventry. Croom Court,
Kempsey, Worcestershire, -was very highly com-
mended. The last-named exhibitor had the best two
dishes of Black Grapes, showing superbly finished
bunches of Gros Colmar and Black Hamburgh —
three bundles of each. Mr. Nash was a good 1st
for one dish of black Grapes, with three medium-
sized and gi'andly finislied bundles of Black Alicante
— such as Badminton is noted for. Peaches, Nectar-
ines, Plums, Apples, and Pears, were pretty well re-
presented. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone,
had a very interesting collection of Apples, twenty-
five varieties, but not for competition, which
attracted a good deal of attention ; Duchess of
Gloucester, Duchess of Oldenburg, and Worcester
Pearmain commanding most attention.

Vcgetahhs. — These were sliown in gi'cat quantities
and in excellent condition, both tlie collections and
single dishes being alike good. The local exhibitors
interpreted the word " dish " in a very liberal manner,
for we found in the collections of nine dishes, distinct
kinds, staged in the 1st prize collection, put up by
Mr. 0. Arkell, in excellent form, about half a busliel
of Rotates, clean and uniform tubers, a like quantity
of excellent Peas, twelve fresh and evenly matched
Cucumbers, nineteen Cauliflowers, large, close,
and white ; fifty Tomatos, large, even, and higiily
coloured fruits ; eighteen large and well-blanched
heads of Celery, 100 Turnips, medium-sized, clean
roots ; a large pile of Sutton's Exhibition Sprouts,
compact and firm ; and a like quantity of very large
Capsicums — a most imposing collection. There were
eighteen other classes provided for collections of six
kinds, collections of Rotates, twelve varieties ; and
single dishes of the various products of the kitchen
garden, all of which were keenly contested with pro-
duce of tlie best description. The basket of salad
class brouglit out three exhibits, two of which,
put up by Mr. J. J. Smith and Mr. A. Cook,
were works of art. The baskets, large oval-
shaped ones, were supported by stands and spanned
by handles, resembling a crown, &c., which were
covered with Parsley, &c., in and around which every
variety of the salad family was most tastefully
arranged. The briglit Radislies, highly coloured
Tomatos, and the new " blue '' Potato, dotted here
and there in the groundwork of blanched Endive, had
a very telling effect — an effect which would be seen
to the best advantage when the tents were lighted
up at night.

a step would be detrimental to the interests of
horticulture, forestry, and agi'iculture, by circum-
scribing the high usefulness of the gardens as they
are at present managed. It was decided, therefore,
to form a committee of nine members, including the
President, Secretary, and Treasurer, to confer with
the Councils of kindred associations, and obtain their
co-operation in opposing the action of the Govern-
ment.

Scotland.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIA-
TION.

The Council of tliis Association held a meeting on
September 22, at 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh,
for the purpose of completing the general arrange-
ments for holding tlie second Chrysantliemum sliow
to be held under its auspices on November 29 and
30 next. Mr. D. P. Laird, President, occupied tlie
chair. The success of the first show, held in Decem-
ber last, induced the Council to select a larger hall,
better adapted to the purpose than that in which it
was held. After due consideration it was decided
that the Music Hall, George Street, Edinburgh, was
the most suitable place, from all points of view, in
which to hold the show, and a small committee was
elected to arrange and complete the details in con-
nection therewith.

Attention was then drawn to the proposal of the
Government, in the Scottish Univeisity Bill recently
before Parliament, to hand over the Royal Botanic
Gardens to the Edinburgh University authorities.
The opinion of the Council was unanimous that such

land, buildings, and fixtures ; while the Vines,
Grapes, and Vine borders, were valued at £635 10s.
Mr. J. Deards, horticultural builder, of Harlow,
Essex, valued the greenhouses and plant ; and Mr.
James Fraser and Mr. James Sweet gave evidence as
to tlie value of the Vines, Grapes, &c.

Tlie Arbitrator has awarded £800 and costs for
the smoke damage, and £4537 for the land and
buildings, and costs ; the stockand plant to be taken
by valuation.

Law Notes.

THE CASE OF SMOKE DAMAGE TO GARDEN
PRODUCE AT STRATFORD.
The case of Andrews v. the Great Eastern Rail-
way Company was reported in the Gardenfrs'
Chronicle of August 27, and the awards of the
arbitrator, which were then reserved, have now been
published. The claimant, Mr. Edwin Andrews, is a
nurserv'man, florist, &c., at Temple Mill Lane, Strat-
ford New Town, having owned a large garden there
for some fifteen years. In 1879 and 1880 the Great
Eastern Railway Company extended their works at
Stratford, and brought sidings close to the claimant's
garden. Locomotives were continually on these
sidings, emitting, it was alleged, great volumes of
smoke, which very seriously depreciated the
claimant's flowers. Grapes, and other products.
Over two years since the claimant obtained £500
damages against the Company for the injury
thus caused from 1880 to 1884, and this year
he entered a second action for the damage done
from 1884 to the present time. The case was referred
to Mr. Christopher Oakley, surveyor, to arbitrate
upon. The parties then came to an agreement that
the company should take over Mr. Andrews' garden
at a valuation, also to be fixed by Mr. Oakley. That
gentleman first investigated the claim of damages at
the Royal Courts of Justice. Mr. Waddy, Q.C.,
JI.P., and Mr. Crispe (instructed by Mr. Edward
Clarke, of 31, Great St. Helens), were counsel for the
claimant ; Mr. French, Q.C., and Mr. Douglas
Walker (instructed by Mr. F. Fearn, from the Com-
jiany's office) for the Company. The following nur-
serjTuen and gardeners gave evidence on behalf of
tlie claimant as to the extent of the damage from the
smoke of the locomotives : — John White and John
Newman, assistants to the claimant ; Mr. Alfred
Tyrrel, of the Cottage Nursery, Mary Street, Alfred
Street, Bow Road ; Mr. Edward Wilson, of Leyton
and Forest Gate ; Mr. Amos Matthews, of Covent
Garden Market; Mr. George Perry, of 11, Lawrence
Road, Green Street, Enfield ; and Mr. John Hayes,
of Cuckoo Hall, Lower Edmonton. A large number
of flower dealers and residents in tlie neighbourhood
deposed to the effect of the smoke upon the flowers,
and a number of scientific witnesses gave evidence
as to the chemical nature and effect of the deposit
upon the claimant's flowers and Grapes. For the
Company the following nurserymen and gardeners
gave evidence to show that the damage was largely
due to other causes besides the smoke of locomotives :
— Jlr. Jas. Sweet, of Leyton and Walthamstow ; Mr_
J. Eraser, of Lea Bridge Road, Leyton ; and Jlr,
Samuel Wilkinson, of Bow Road, E. Various
scientific witnesses were also called on behalf of the
Company, besides flower-sellers and several of the
Company's emphi/es, to show that the Company had
taken all due precaution against causing nuisance.

In the second arbitration, as to tlie value of the
land, buildings, trade fixtures, plant and stock,
several professional witnesses called on behalf of the
claimant valued the property at the following
amounts :- £6251 2s., £6.360 14s„ and £6285, witli
£3000 added for value of trade profits at three years'
purchase. Mr. A. Dashwood,' horticultural builder,
of Wimbledon, valued the greenhouses, and evidence
as to the value of the Grapes, Vines, and Vine bor-
ders, was given by Mr. Edward Bennett, consulting
nurseryman, florist, &c., of Potter's Bar ; and Mr.
John Hayes. The professional witnesses for the
Company allowed nothing for purchase of trade
profits, and agreed in a valuation of £2435 12s. for

The Weather.

Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees— a *' Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

AOCDMUIATEB.

So

'ta

below the

b

a' '

Mean for

<£.x

■ toi •

the week

ending

iis

Si*

^

Sept. 2li.

1^

Zi

"if"

•<i:

Ki

Pri

ncipal Wheatrpro-

Day-

Day-

Day- Day-

duciug Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg. 1 deg.

0.

SCOTLAXP, N. ...

1 below

00

0

+ 1.38 + 37

I.

ScoTLiKD, E. ...

1 above

75

0

-1- 171^-h 41

2.

England, N.E. ...

2 below

61

0

-1- no+ 83

3.

England, E. ...

3 below

71

0

—

38 + 1B8

4.

MiDLiSD Cos. ...

3 below

eri

0

—

12 + 165

5.

England, S. ...

3 below

77

0

-

72 -1- 151

Pr

ncipal Grazing, &c.
Districts.

1

1

6

Scotland, W. ...

0 (aver.)

71

0

+

30 + 17

7

England, N.W....

I below

73

0

+

33 -h 118

8

England, S.W. ...

1 2 below

78

0

+

27 -1- 172

9

Ireland, X.

1 below

74

0

+ 213 + 23

10

IRELAND, S.

2 below

79

0

f

245 + 97

Channel Islands

j 1 below

j 101

0

+

54+ 77

Districts.

1 g

1^

L^

s.gi

:l^

l!i

iS"'

m

?li

•3.2

r

i*°

rl

Principal Wheat-pro-

Tenths of

ducing Districts.

0. Scotland, N. ...

5 less

161

23.1

13

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

6 less

125

16.6

33

33

2. England, N.E. ...

6 less

111

12.0

12

34

3. England, E. ...

5 less

106

12.1

19

42

4. Midland Cos. ...

6 less

97

13.1

19

38

5. England, S. ...

5 less

97

13.8

34

41

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

6 less

128

26.3

24

37

7. England, K.W....

b less

104

16.7

30

38

8. England, S.W....

8 less

101

1.5.7

41

48

9. Ireland, N.

4 less

128

21.9

23

34

10. Ireland, S.

7 less

109

18,6

39

43

— Channel Islands

7 less

112

13.3

53

52

THE PAST 'WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Sejit. 2(5, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

"The iDuather has been fair and dry in all parts of
tlie kingdom, although a good deal of cloud has pre-
vailed.

OCTODEE 1, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

413

" The temperature has been a little above the mean
in 'Scotland, E.,' and about equal to its normal
value in ' Scotland, W.,' but in all other districts it
has been below, the deficit ranging from 1° to 3°.
The hiahest of the maxima, which were recorded on
somewhat irregular dates, ranged from G2° in ' Scot-
land, N.' to 70° in ' England, S.,' and 71° in ' Eng-
land, S.W.' The lowest of the minima, which were
registered in most places either on the 24th or 25th,
varied from 33° in the ' Midland Counties,' ' England,
S.W.,' and ' Ireland, N.,' to 38° in ' England, N.E.,'
and to 43° in the ' Channel Islands.'

" The rainfall has been considerably less than the
mean in all districts.

" Bright sunshine does not differ materially from
that reported last weeic, the percentage of the pos-
sible amount of duration ranging from 12 in ' Eng-
gland, N.E.' and 13 in ' Scotland, N.,' from 34 in
* England. S.,' and 3i) in 'Ireland, S.,' 41 in 'Eng-
land, S.W.,' and 52 in the ' Channel Islands."

MEAN TE.MPEEATITRE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DITE-
ING THE WEEK ENDING OCT. 8. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Oct.

2 ...

3 ...

... bl".
... bi".

Oct. 6 ...

„ 7 ...

.. .■i3°.l

. .'S3°.I1

4 ...

... 51°.
... 63°.

.. 8 ...
, Mean for the

week .

.. .53°.S

_

Notices to Correspondents,

Books: A. G. Thom6's German Flora. Apply to
Williams & Norgate, Henrietta Street, Covent
Garden. Grafiiruj, by Charles Baltet (William
Kobinson, 37, Southampton Street, Covent Garden.
Ferns, delightfully vague. Please specify a little
more particularly what you want. — E. iV. Plant
Life (Messrs. Bradbury. Agnew, & Co.).

Cheys.\nthemcms Going Blind : H. D. See answer
in last week's issue.

Climbers for Churchyard Walls in Cornwall :
y. V. Roses. Myrtles Fuchsia Iliccartoni, Ed-
wardsia grandiflora. Jasmine, yellow and white :
any of the hybrid varieties of Clematises ; Loni-
cera, in variety ; the small-leaved Ivies, Veitch's
Ampelopsis, Claret and Isabella Vines, Fabiana
imbricata, Lardizabala biternata, Kerria japonica,
Menispermum canadense, Periploca grffica, Passi-
flora coerulea, Bignonia capreolata, Crataegus jiyra-
cantha.

Correction : N.uies of Fruit. — In last week's issue,
for " Queen Jargonelle," read Quince Jargonelle.

CvMBiDiini EBURNEUM : X. Y. Z. The diseased leaves
contain some mycelium of a fungus (of which we
may perhaps be able to give the name next week),
but whether the fungus is the cause of the disease
or not we are unable to say. Possibly the house
in which the plant grows has not had sufficient
ventilation. We can suggest no remedy beyond
change of conditions.

Dahlia : H. W. Send a flower to some large Dahlia
grower.

Elms Dtikg : F. Butt. The age of the trees being
120 years, we should say that they are succumbing
to old age, and that nothing you can do will arrest
their natural decay. The insects you allude to
are invited to attack by the feeble health of the
trees.

Flowehino and Evergreen Srn.iECTs for a
Northern Slope : L. van R. Buxns, Taxns
adpressa, Myrica Gale, species of Viburnum, Rhus
cotinus, R. typhina, Symphorocarpus racemosus,
Kerria japonica, Halimodendron argenteum. Lilac
in variety, Pavia macrostachya, Vitex agnus-castns,
Berberis aquifoliura, B. dulcis, B, stenophylla, B.
Danvinii, Salix in variety, Prunus in variety,
Cerasus in variety, and many others.

Gladiolus gandavensis : P. Barr. Tlie flower is of
an unusually dark tint of crimson, the flowers and
dower-spike large and robust. It bears a strong
resemblance to a variety named Tamerlane in the
collection shown by Mr. Smith, of 12, Queen
Street, Kilmarnock, at the last meeting of the
Royal Horticultural Society.

Hedges in a Nursery : Inquirer. As these adjuncts
to a nursery form part of the stock, they «r»
removable.

Names of Fruit : Alpha. Pears : 1 and 2, Williams'
Bon Chretien. Plum : 3, not determinable ; 4,
Bleckir's Scarlet ; 5. Kerry Pippin ; 6, Cellini.—
A Younq Beginner. 2. Comte de Lamy ; 3, Fon-
dante d'Antomne ; 4, Comte de Flandres ; 5,
Hacon's Incomparable ; 6, Duchesse d'Angouleme.
— J. MoB. Peaches : 1. decaved ; 2, Late Admirable ;
3. Walburton Admirable.'— (?. IK 1, Pitmaston
Duchess ; 2. Williams' Bon Chretien ; 3, Passe
Colmar ; 4, Beurr6 Bachelier ; 6. Beurre d'Amanlis.
— C. Dimmiek cf- Sons. Your Apple appears to be
JIanx Codlin.— Pon^^/icioi'. Pears: 1, Beurre
d'Amanlis; 2, Peach; 3, too small. Apples: 1,
Kerry Pippin ; 2, Cellini ; 3, Rvnier ; 4, not known ;
5, Cox's Orange Pippin.— S. H. T. 1, King of the
Pippins ; 2, Alfriston ; 3, Lord Grosvenor ; 4, not
recognised ; 5, Emperor Alexander ; 6, Court of
Wick ; 7, Blenheim Orange.— J. Udak. Plums :
1. Pershore ; 2, Dunmore ; 3, Jeft'erson ; 4, Coe's
Golden Drop ; 5, smashed ; G, Angelina Burdett.
— Beta. 1, Winter Crassane ; 2, Alexandre Lam-
bre ; 3, Comte de Lamy ; 4, Louise Bonne of
Jersey ; 5, Passe Colmar ; 6, Beurre Jlondelle ; 7,
Napoleon. — W. T. 1 , Doyenne du Cornice ; 3,
Knight's Monarch ; 5, Castor Beurre; 6, Poire de
Malte- a small variety; the other numbers, un-
fortunately, got mixed, so that we are not sure of
their correctness. — A. W. F. Your Pear is Beurre
d'Amanlis. — Ch. E. IF. Hawkins. 1. Adams'
Pearmain ; 2, Cluster Golden Pippin ; 3, Brad-
dick's Nonpareil. — E. B. 1 and 3 seem to be the
same — Walburton Admirable ; 2, Barrington.

Names of Plants : C. B. Leycesteria formosa. —
W. B. H. Deciduous shrub : not recognised in the
absence of flowers. — C. E. F. Cistopteris fragilis.
— F. W. J. Euonymus europasus (common Spindle-
tree). — X. F. Polygonum sachalinense.— ^.i?. W.
Lvcium Barbarum — excellent seaside plant. —
W. ./. H. The Monument Elm, probably a variety
of U. montana.— L. C. G. No doubt a Cy]ierus, or
some closelv allied pl.-vnt. but we cannot identify
it till it flowers.— If. .1'. Y. 1, Cupressns, perhaps
raacrocarpa; 2, 3, C. Lawsoniana; 4, Adiantum
Capillus-veneris ; 5. A. cuneatum ; 6, Arundinaria
Fortunei; 7, Davallia Tyermanni.— IF. T. P. Cy-
pripedium barbatum var. grandiflora, Seleni-
pedium longifolium. Crinum Mooreanum, Solidago
canadensis. — C. Cundi/. Calliphruria subedentata,
difficult to flower.— ir. B. W. Odontoglossum tri-
pudians, with pretty markings on lip; Cattleyas,
not above average.

Oak Leaves: W. A. W. The rosette-like excres-
cences (Oak spangles) on the underside of the
leaves are galls, caused by a minute gall-fly
(Neuroterus lenticularis). In the projection in
the middle of each a small, whitish, plump grub
will be found on examination.

Oil-stove for Heating a Greenhouse : E. P. B'
Rippingil's is one of the best ; we do not know
what would be the price for one capable of heating
your house.

Onion Plant : C. F. W. Ornithogalum longebrac-
teatum. Does very well in cottage windows ; no
special treatment required.

Orange Trees : B. The additional specimens more
than confirm the view previously taken. Pe-
troleum emulsions (sold by the Horticultural and
Agricultural Company, 103, Holm Street, Glasgow),
applied with a spray pump, may be tried. In
default of a proper emulsion try a wineglassful of
|)etroleum mixed up with soft-soap and a gallon
of water. Keep the mixture well stirred, and
spray the trees ; aftei- some time syringe with
water. The operation may be repeated daily.

Phylloxera on Oaks ; Peter. The damage done is
of little moment, seeing that it does not take
place till late in the year.

PiCEA (Abies) 0HIENTALI5 : Canon E. Many thanks:
but is not the bad temper caused by the irritation
of some mite ? Plants are not ill-tempered with-
out some physical cause.

Post in a Continental Nursery : J. W. If you are
acquainted with any one in the trade on the Con-
tinent write explaining to him your wish for
employment, stating that wages are a secondary
consideration, and you will readily find an opening
in some establishment.

Tomato Fungus : E. S. Next week.

Tomato Seed : Hart. Let the fruit partially decay,
then wash the pulp in warm water, keeping it in a
fine wire sieve in a tub of water. Jlost of the

pulp can be rubbed through the sieve, leaving the
seeds almost clean.

Trees for Churchyard : N. V. Maples, especially
Japanese species ; Paulownia imperialis, Bignonia
syringoefolia. Tulip tree, Pyrus Aria, Mountain
Ash, pyramidal form of Acacia, Pseudo-Acacia,
Sonhora pendula. Thorns in variety, cut-leaved
Walnut and cut-leaved Beech, Sea Buckhom,
Dovaston Yew, Irish Yew, American Red Cedar,
Lebanon Cedar, Cupressus Lawsoniana, and other
coniferous plants.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Paul & Son, Waltham Cross — Roses.

H. Schmidt, 20, Rue de Brabant, Ghent — Bulbs,

Seeds for Autumn Sowing, &c.
J. Peed & Sons, Streatham, Roupell Pai'k, &e. —

Roses.
Baltet Freres, Troyes — Fruit, Forest, and Orna-
mental Trees, Roses, Greenhouse Bulbs, Seeds,

&c.
Lambert & Reiter, Frier, Rhenish Prussia — Fruit

Trees and Roses.
W. Fell & Co., Hexham — Bulbs, Herbaceous and

Alpine Plants.
Rider Brothers, Moortown, Leeds — Camellias,

Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Forest and Fruit

Trees, Roses, &c.
J. Perkins, 52, Market Square, Northampton — •

Bulbs.
Isaac Davies & Son, Ormskirk — Rhododendrons,

Azaleas, Hardy Trees, Shrubs, Conifers, and

Climbing Plants.
F. & A. Dickson & Sons, Chester — Select Fruit

Trees.

Communioatio.vs Received.— E. W. B.— J. B.— E. C— The
MayorotMans.— J.V. v.— V. B. L.-O. D.— W. W.— C.&R.
— C. B. P.— P. G. t .— B. P.— f. H. H.— N. G.— G. F. G.—
N. G.— lira. T. S. B.— Dipterous Fly (next week).-B. P.
(next week).— P. G. C. (next week).— J. Smith, Kew.—
W. B. Hartland, with thanks.- W. W.— A. H.— J. C— C.
Lee,— J. L. A.— D.— T. B.— 11 Ciissone.- J. McR.— A. D.—
K. D.— F. vou M.— W. S.— E. S.— K. & B.— Hortus (please
forward more specimens of your Clematis. — B. C. (send
bulb).— W. S. & S.— H, M.
\^^ Correspondents sending plants or frttits to be named, or

asliing questions demanding time and research for their sohition,

must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the

current weefi.

Markets.

COVENT GABDEN, September 29.
Trade still quiet, and heavy supplies. James Web-
ber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Apples, ^sieve ... 1 3- 3 6
Plums, i-6ieve ... 16-40
Grapes, per lb. ... 0 9-16
— Channel Isl.. lb. 0 6-09
Kent Cobs. 100 lb.. ..42 0-45 0
Lemons, per case ...13 0-21 0

.d.

Melons, each
Peaches, dozen
Peara, f sieve
— French, dozen..
Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50

.06-10

,10-60

... 2 6-36

,10-1)

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ...
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans. Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle ..
Cucumbers, each ..
Endive, per dozen ..
Green Mint, bunch,.
Herbs, per bunch ,.
Leeks, per bunch ..
Lettuce, per dozen..
Lettuce, Cos., each,.

16-20
0 ti- 1 0
3 0- ...

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

net

,04-.
,40-,
,06-.
.16-.
. 4 0-i

Onions, per bushel ..
Parsley, per bunch,.
Peas, per quart
Potatos, per cwt. ..

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50
Shallota. per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, perbushel... 2 6- ...
Sprue, bundle ... 1 0- ...
Tomatos. per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2- ...

Potatos.— Kent Regents, 70s. to 905. ; Beauties, 90s. to
110s. ; and Magnums about 10s. per ton lower.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Balsams, per dozen... 3
Capsicum, dozen ... 5
Chrysanthem., dozen 4
Cyperus, per dozen
Dractena terminali:
per dozen ...
— viridis. per do-

.30 (

Euonymus, i
per dozen

Evergreens,
per dozen

0-18 0 Foliage plants, rari-

0-6 0 ous. each 2 0-10 0

0- 6 0 ' Fuchsias, doz. ... 3 0- 9 0
0-9 0 Heliotrope, dozen ... 4 0- 8 0
0-90, Hydrangeas, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
0-12 0 I Lilium. various, per

I dozen 6 0-12 0

— lancifolium, per

dozen 6 0-18 0

i 0-12 0 Mignonette, doi. ... 4 0- 6 0

I Myrtles, per dozen,.. 6 0-12 0

5 O-IS 0 Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0

' Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0-12 0

; 0-24 0 \ — scarlet, per doz. 3 0-60

414

THE GAR DENE ES' CHI? ONI CLE.

[OCTOBEE 1, 1887.

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilona. 12 bun ...
Arum Lilie9. 12 blms.
Asters, 12 bunched...

— French, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 bims.

— dozen bunches...
Chrysanth., 12 bun.

— large, 12 blooms
Comtiower, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Jasmine, white, bun.
Lilium longiliorum,

12 blooms

— lancifolium,12bl.

2 0-40 Lavender, 12 bim. ... 4 0- {

3 0-50 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0- (

1 0- 3 0 I Mignonette, 12 bun, 0 9- :
10-20' Myosotis. 12 bun. ...20-:
0 6-10 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 6- !
0 6-10: — SL-arlet, 12 spr.... 0 3- (
3 0- 6 0 ! Primulas, double, 12

2 0-60 sprays 09-1

10-40 Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0- I
10-20 Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6- ]

3 0-40 — coloured, dozen, 0 6- 1
3 0-60 — red, perdozen ... 0 3- I
0 6-10 — Saffrano, dozen... 0 6- i
0 6-09 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0- '

I Sunflowers, 12 bun, 2 0- '
3 0- 6 0 ! Tuberoses, 12 blms.... 0 6-
10-30':

SEEDS.

London : Sept. 28. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, E.G.,
write that to-day's market presented no new feature
either of interest or importance. Clover seeds meet
for the moment with no attention ; prices promise to
rule low. For foreign Italian Eye-grass higher rates
are demanded. Fine winter Tares are now ohtain-
ahle on very moderate terms. Blue Feas are also
exceedingly cheap. In bird seeds there is but little
business passing. Canary seed is lower. Hemp seed
remains unchanged. In feedingLinseed the tendency
is against holders.

COBX.

Acerui/c-s. — Official statement showing the-average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
weekended, September 24: — Wheat,. 28*. 9;^.; Barley,
285.; Oats, 14s. lid. For the corresponding week
in 1886 ;— Wheat, 30s. !)</. ; Barley, 27s. ,W. ; Oats,
18s. U.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London) : Sept. 28.— A steady
trade continued for a very fair supply, at the follow-
ing prices ; — Eating Apples, 2s. Gd. to 4s. Hd. per
bushel ; cooking do., 2s. dd. to 3s. (id. do. ; Pears,
35. to 6s. Gd. do. ; common do., 2s. Gd. to '^. Gd,
do. ; Victoria Plums, 3^. to 4s. ikl. per half-sieve ;
Orleans do., 3s. to 35. Gd. do. ; Tomatos, 2s. to 3s.
per dozen pounds ; Damsons, 2s. Gd. to Ss. per
half-sieve ; Egg Plums, 2s. to 4s. do. Vegetables :
Cabbages, 4s. Grl. to 7s. per tally; Scarlet Beans,
4s. Gd. to OS. Gd, per sieve ; Greens, 2s. to 3s. per dozen
bunches ; Turnips, 2s. Git. to 3s. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd.
to 2s. do. ; Onions, 2s. Gd. toSs. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. Gd.
to 25. do. ; Parsley, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Vegetable
Marrows, 9d. to Is. 3d. per dozen ; English Onions,
4s. Gd. to 5s. Gd. per cwt. ; foreign do., 4s. Gd. to
5s. Gd. per bag of 110 lb. ; Carrots, 37s. Gd. to 42s. Gd.
per ton ; Mangels, 22s. to 26s. Gd. do

Sthatford : September 28. — The market has been
well supplied, and a fair trade done at the under-
mentioned prices : — Cabbages, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per tally ;
Savoys, os. Gd. to 6s. do. ; Turnips, 4s. to 5s. per
dozen bunches ; do., 40s. to 45s. per ton ; Carrots,
household, 46s. to 55s. do. ; do. cattle feeding, 35s. to
405. do. ; Mangels, 20s. to 24s. do. ; Swedes, 21s. to
24s. do. ; Onions, Oporto, 7s. to 7s. Gd. per case ;
Ghent, 4s. Gd. to 5s. per bag ; Belgians, 5s. 3d., to
6s. do. ; Marrows, 4s. to 75. per tally; Pears, 4s. to
6s. per bushel ; Tomatos, 3s. Gd. to 4s. per dozen
pounds ; Carrots, 25. to 35. per dozen bunches ; Celery,
Is. to Is, 3d. per roll ; Sprouts, 3s. to 4s. per half-
sieve ; Plums, 3s. 9d. to 4s. do.

POTATOS.

Bououou A.VD Spitaluelds: Scj/t. 27.— Dull all
round, and prices easier, with some accumulation of
supplies on hand. Quotations ; — Hebrons, 90s. to
llUs. ; Early Koses, 60s, to 805.; Eegents, 70s. to
90s. ; Magnum Bonum, 605. to 80s. per ton.

Columbia (East London) : Sept. 28.— Quotations :
—Magnums, 65s. to 805. ; liegents, 75s. to 85s. ; Beauty
of Hebron, 95s. to 110s.; Early Rose, 75s. to 868.;
]{eading Hero, 75s. to 85s. per ton.

Stratford : Sept. 28. — Quotations : — Beauty of
Hebron, 80s. to 110s. ; Early Kose, 705. to 90s. ;
Magnums, 60s. to 75s. ; Kegents, 65s. to 755. per
ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week con-
sisted of 774 bags from Gbont, 4813 Hamburgh, 2 Rot-
terdam, W Harlinjfe'n, 25 Brenfien,

r" R U T* E ' s
PATENT CONCAVE BULB POTS & CAPS.

Specially made iu
6, 7, 8, 0, aud 10 iu, high_

Large root c-ipacity with little

P J{ I C E LIST.
Central Depol ;

KNIGHTRIDER ST., B.C.-

LCMION.

RICHARDSON'S

BECKETT BROS.,

Horticultural Engineers, Chelmsford.
Special LIST of Cheap and Substantial Buildings,

POST-FREE.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HOETICULTtlRAL BUILDEES,

121, BUNHILL KOW, LONDON, E.C.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the
Kingdom with Ilot-water
»y(V"*V^ Apparatus complete,

\. rr\ >v CATALOGUE
FREE.

North of England Horticaltural Works,"\.v^
DARLINGTON.

!%■'

%.y

DEANE & CO S No 9 RANGE OF HOUbES
Pnie, g\en ire 1 r tKtLllMi L MlLtll th br k

«ork) w thin la miles of Loudon Bridge
Proj ortionate pric«3 IB any part of the Co ntr\
Length. Width. Centre Part. Price. Estimates
21ft. ... 8ft. ... 10ft. ... JW3 10 for Heating
36 ft. ... 12 ft. ... 14 ft. ... £67 10 Apparatus on
60 ft. ... 12 ft. ... 14 ft. ... £100 0 application.
ILLUSTRATED SHEBTJS of Co.-(SERVAToniES, Green-
houses. &c., with Prices for Breeting and Heating, FREE.

SURVEYS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY
FREE OF CHARGE. Dseigns and Estimates FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

Hortioultiiral Builders and Hot-^ater En2;ineer.-.
46A, King William I ^ QJ^J) QJ^T BRID GE.

Street.

NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS of all descriptions, RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— JIARENDAZ and FISHEK, 9 and
10, James Street. Covent Gaxleii, W,C.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of AECHANUF-L. PETMSBULG. aud I'ACKLNO
M.iTS. TOBACCO PAPER andlJUlTH, RAFFIA. PEAT
LOAM, SIL^^R S.AND aod COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & CO., 129, Commercial Street,

Sijitallields, LoikIuu, E

CARSON'S PAINT

I'atrouiscd bv lii.OOO of Ibi- N..bililv, licutrv,
.ind Clergv, for all tiuds ut

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Owt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Potsonous P:Tmt5 far Iniide Work. CoD.orv.ntories, &c.
I'ncc-. I'atu/u.. :iii.lT...iiu,nii::.!5, Post-tree.

Vt H LA&CELLEs AND CO will gn-e E timates fur every
description of HORTIC L LTUBAL W ORK free of charge, and
send competent avi tints when nece;^rj

121, Bunhill Row, London, E.G.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Consen-atories, aud Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

Packages and paddng fret, tiiui dehvcred to any London .Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

l.i or.. 21 01..
131 by .01 for 10, -for 14.-

13 , 0 „ 10/- „ 14,- or 300 squares 1.5 ounce, 8 by 6.

13 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6 or 260 squares 8J by SJ, or 220

ij ..in .. ^A!~ .. 19/- squares, 9J by 6§, or 170 squares,

24/- 9 by 7J, or 160 squares, 10 by 8.

.. 12

, 17/6

„ 12

, 13/-

,. 12

, 21/-

.. 12

. 24/-

Gla.ss cut to an

)/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders
r£3.

at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OEL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotationa
given for large quantities.

J. B. BOBINSON,

WHOLESALE LE.U> AND CLASS WAREHOUSE.

14, Moor Lane. Crlpplegate, London, E.G.

The above are -without exception
Frame for Plant Growing, and every
possess one. The sashes turn right "

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

the most useful kind of
ine with a garden should
;r one on to the other, and
Ihe boxes are put together withwedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes aud prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted :—

6 feet long, 4 feet mde, packing cases free t3 16 u

12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ .. j J? "
6 feet long, 6 feet wide V !„ „

13 feet long, 6 feet wide b 10 u

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MHIDLETON.

5LAXCHESTER.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &o.,

2, Holloway Road, N.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YAF.D, LUDGATE HILL, E,C. ;

BACHELORS W.-U.K', IH'BMN - Discount tbr Cax'i .

21-OZ. Foreign of the abore si/es in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kejit in st«ck

A large stock of similar current si/es of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneoul
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOKGB FABMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD. DLL aun COLOUR MEECIUNTS,

84, at. Jfibn Street, V/est gmJtHfleld, London. B.C,

iSTu'* ffttand Priees m ipfhmm. ^ime Oiranrflf.

October 1, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

415

.S^^

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E.,

HORTICXTLTUEAL ENGINEEKS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, call Special Attention to their

PATENT WROUGHT-IRON MUNICIPAL OR ANGULAR CHAMBERED AND TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

With WATERWAY HACKS an-l WELDED linlLERS. any of which are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses. Conservatories. Churehes. Chapels,
Schools, Public Buildings. Enfmnce Halls. Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extjint.
The MCKICIPAL and Tl'Bl'LAIt onex are reiaarknble for tlietr ijrfat hmUn<i poiirr, sloii: combustion, and the length of time the Jire icitl burn u-it/iout reipiiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE, a SILVER MEDAL, at the Royal Horticultural Society's Ejchlbltlon, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881.

SADDLE BOILERS,

The longitudinal 31

MBl
MB2
MBS
MB4
MB5

S I z

3 ft. 2 in. long by 2 ft.

by 2
by 2
by 3
by 4

— LoNCi-uaiNAL Sec-

SECTIONAL PLAN

\v it^r ^M llu '^. ill irons tLtiongi\e d view of the fire-box, ■\
vationshowa it etin6;(Ai ik it} iclns Tiecessar;/ fir this class of boiler.

vater space and V-sbaped back.

ES AND PRICES.

0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep s , 1000 ft.
0 „ by2 0 ,, Calculated to 1280
3 ,, by2 6 ,, ,'- heat 4-in. piping -^2200

0 „ by3 0 ,, \ as follows:- /4000
0 ,, by 3 9 „ ' ^ 7000

Price £15 0 0
„ 21 0 0
,, 32 0 0
„ 60 0 0
„ 85 0 0

T E S T I :\r O N I A L S.

jiessbs. thos.
Ge.\-tlemi
The buildi:

offices and rooms
Two of y

GREEN AND SON, Ltd.. NORTH STREET, LEEDS. Ee HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buidings, Leeds. Mmuary 9, 1886.

■:.N.— 1 have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiencv au.l ~;,ti~f;„ tm v working of the Hotrwater Heating Apparatus you erected m these public buildings.
ig! are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,i«w fe,t t.f pipiiis iii them, varying in size from IJ in. to 6 m. diameter, with their connections. Sec. The several
can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather,

ir Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers. No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although wo have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economicul in the consump-
tion of fuel, aiid 1 am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer.

Morley House. Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November \(ith, 1886,
Gentle.me^,— The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5,000 feet of 4-inch, pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite i
it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.
Messrs,, THOS, GREEN AND SON, Ltd., LEEDS, Yours faithfully, (Signed)

AND HTJITBREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REaUIRED.

J that

BASHFORD.

NEW EDITION, CORRECTED UP TO DATE.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle.

Price 3d., Post-free 3id.;
Twenty-five Copies 5s., Fifty 10s., and One Hundred 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, m London only.
Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain,

W. HIOHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.G,

416

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBEB 1, 1887.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house iu the trade : also
Petersburg Mats aud Mat Bag^, Rafiia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Price=> free.— 4 and 5. Womiwocl Strfet, E.C.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thn'p. Meaty

Bug. Caterpillars, dc dc.
pcoccQji Y ) to tli^ Hands jmd S^kin. b\tt will cure
> Kingwonn m AniniBls, and all Difceasea
HARMLESS } produced, by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A com'iination of Hvdrftn;irbnn Oils, made Foliible in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSeiCTS & PARASITES
that Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Hoots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and f'heraists. Is. 6d, Cs. G 1. & -Is. 6d-,

4 gallon 7s. 6d, 1 jallon 12-. Cd, or less in larper c|iianti(ies,

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale : Hooper & Co. ; Coebv, Sopf.e, Fowleb & Co. ;
C E. Ossi\N' & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chant* and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. NEW

YORK-ru.LKEE i- .S..NS.

HUGHES' Fir TREE Oil

SPRAY PUMP

T/iroics a fine
1 1 ail 20 ft., and
I / I 30 ft., u-ith
(/I t at force.

A splendid
luhstitute for th.e
Syringe for using
Insecticide, Price
2oi A larger
size for watering
])i()j>oses, 4.5.5.
Cariiaire Paid.

HUGHES'

I^APHICIDE

<& 1/6 .^1^^

HUGHES'

GREEN&creamcolorSHADING

tly applied — I/flSrts all the
Y washed off. l6., post 1/3.

HUGHES'
FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon f'- Flori-'tp 3nd all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantir S'.M io bofle?. 1-. ."L- 2?. I'er post 3d. extra.

HUOHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Elecdins after rruninf?.
Very e£FectuaI in preventing the flow of eap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2/G. Per post, Sd. extra.
For Destroying Beetles. Corkroaehes, UIIPUCC
Crieketd, Bui,-s, Fleaii, Mosquitoe, ice. nUUlBlld

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Mo^t oiTeetuiil in Greenhousfs,— for Animals and Bed

Clothing. Price. Gd.. Is & 2.'6. Per post Sd. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, "^M^^^

VICTORIA ». OATEATON STREET, MA.NQHESTER

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for GreenliouBes, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHOUSES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without att.ntion. ROBEKTS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA SICVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses. Bedrooms. Sec. Pamphlets. Drawiugs, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, 'Westminster, S.W.

HILL a, SMITH

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

And at 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G.

T/mSfW^ROBm/^WS.

REVISED
RICES
REE

STEVEN BQPS & C»
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

4. UPPER THAMES S'' LONDON. E.C.

racts in Fencing,
ade, and practical
ical Fences to put

Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

WHY PAY HIGH PRICES,

When you can purchase a thoroughly good and sound Champagne for

30/-DozE«. GEVENCEY SO/-™""

SOLE AGENTS :—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,
99, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.C,

OLD-ESTABLISHED WINE and SPIRIT MERCHANTS and AGENTS.

Hot -water Pipes and
Fittings

OF E\'ERy DESCRIPTION.
4-inch Pipes at \s. 6'/. per yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

and all otber kinds of
BOILERS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &c.
Qll UFQTFR'Q patent steel TRENTHAM BOILER is far fhe lie.^t, cheapest, and

OILVQO I Lil 0 nujst economical Hot-xoater Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring

perfect combustion saves fuel nnH prevents smoke, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete ; efficiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACHINERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOIIERS, ^c.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

October 1, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

417

HORTICULTTIBAL STRUCTURES of BVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, «5C.

HOT-WATERS APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES SCHOOLS PUBLIC BUILDINGS MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS DRYING ROOMS HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION

THOMAS'S

FiniNGS FOR WIRING WALLS

Straining Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 635.

A-i illustnite^l above, price 'is. 3d. per doz.

linal Holdfa'sts.— No. 63-'.
.N'o. 632a.

Per doz.

_ .^ 28. 6d.

3d., 4d., 6d., 7d. per do.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

per 100 yards.
niiistrated CATALOGUE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.;
Works: 362. EDGWABE ROAD, LONDON, W

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(Telegraphic Address—" Hot Water," London; Telephone, No. 4763), have the Largest and Most Complete Stock in the Trade.

~~^ CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

fl-ITIl WATER\A'AY EXIX
and every othei' Boiler of known merit, kept in Stock.

THE XEW

HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER.

Tliis Boiler is made in several sizes from 6 feet 6 in.
long, and is fitted with Water Bars, as shown in the
illustration. The Furnace Door being hung upon the
front of Boiler is complete in itself, thus ensuring the
acme of simplicity in fixing.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, Price Is.
Price LIST on application, free.

HOT-WATEB PIPES, CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

HOT-WATER and HOT-AIR APPARATUS Erected Complete, or the Materials supplied.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

To

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Stbeet, Strand,
LONDON, W.C.

Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for
commencing , for which I enclose P. 0.0 .

1887.
Months.,

^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. "^^^

THE UOTTED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 153. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 8 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-frea.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19s. 6d.

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially aaked for.

P. 0.0. to be made pat/able at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRXmMOND."

418

THE GABDENEIiS' CHUONICLE.

[October 1, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged ns tu-o.

4 Lines

.. £0

3

0

15 Lines .

£0 8

6

5 „

.. 0

3

6

16

0 9

0

6 „

.. 0

4

0

17

0 9

(J

7 „

.. 0

4

6

18

0 10

U

8 „

.. 0

5

0

19

0 10

6

s .,

.. 0

5

fi

20

0 11

0

10 „

.. 0

6

0

21

0 11

6

11 „

.. 0

fi

0

22

0 12

0

12 „

.. 0

7

0

23

0 12

6

13 „

.. 0

7

6

24

0 13

0

14 „

.. 0

8

0

25

0 13

ti

AXD

SIXPEVCE

FOF

F.V

~RY ADDITIONAL

LIXE.

11 set ac

0^^ two Colum

IS t

le lowest charge

viU be 20s.

If set ncro

« three Colum

in t

e lowe

st charge

will be 30

«.

Pi

ge. £■<; H

M}

■'"'■■

£1 ins.

Column

£1.

GARDENERS and OTHERS WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 wortU, including name aud addre^^. Is i3<^.,
and 6d. for every udditioual line (about 9 word-*) or part

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID,
lis ^cale doej not apply to announcemeutj of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT XOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initiah at Post-oJ/ices, as
ail Letters so addressed are opened b'j the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, Ss. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week MU.ST rearh the 0/Iire by

Tharsdai/ noon.

All Sutiscriptioas Payable In Advance.

The United Kixudom ; 12 Mouths, IBs. ; 6 :Houths,

78. 6d.; 3 Months, 3s, 9d,

Foreign (excepting India ami China); including Postaf^

173. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d.

Po%t office tirdera to be made payable at the Post Ofll,

42, nRUBY LANE, W.c'to W. Richarhs.

PuBLisHiNo OrricE ,111(1 OriicE for Adverti.sements,

41, Wellington Street, strand, London, W.C.

Fourteen Silver

Medals.

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare, Manufacturer of TEER.V COTTA
VASES. FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER
TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to 30 inches
diameter, stand the frost«, and seldom turn gree.i ; ORCHID,
FERN. SEED, and STRIKING-PANS, RHUBARB and SEA-
KAlJi POTS, &c.

Price List post-free. Book of Designs, Is. Gd.

Rasher's Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
(KITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little

further labour or expense,

do "grown" Edgings,

quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c.. in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers. Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3.^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSKER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

C I L "V E R S A N D,

O fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Fits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BimR-S fur Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Rartia. Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, slc. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

GARDEN
We have just recelvetl
specially selected for Garden

MAT S.—

New Season's MATS,

NEW ARCHANGEL (full size), 90s. per 100. 10s. per ten.
BEST HEAVY RUSSIAN, 70s. per 100. 7s. 6d. per ten.
Other sorts cheaper.
BRINKWORTH asd SONS, Importers, Rea.ling,

AUTUMN REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE TRADE,

Our SHOW EODJIS are now tullv turni^lied with cverv
novelty in DRIED FLOWERS, GRASSES, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES required for the Autumn and Winter Season.

Early inspection especially solicited.

CORRY. SOPER, EOWLER & CO., 16. Fihstiury St., EC.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S AKCIIANGEE MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA (Fresh Arrival).

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

136. COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON. E^

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accidents, Employer's Li;i!iilit.\, iii-ured sgainst by the

IJAILWAY PASSENCiEKS' ASSURANCE

-Lt COMPANY, i;4, Cornhill, Lon.Km. In.onie £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118.000 accidents, £_'. 350,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farciuhar, Esq.
Weil End Office. 8. Grand Hotel Buldings. W.C. ; Head
Office, 61, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM .T. \-AN. Secretary.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Just Published, price 2s. ; per post, 2s. 3./.

REPORT of the Al'PLE and PEAR CON-
GRESS held by the Roval Caledonian Horticultural
Societv. Edinburgh. ISR.i. Edited bv Malcolm Df\-.-i.
'Edinburgh — MACLACltr.AN anu STEWART.
London— .'ilMPKI.V, .MAKSIIALL AM) CO.

W^

uith small capital,
J. Lif Plants— to act for

Advertiser ;ts [.
Natural Hi,tui', s,,.
Pacific Plants, Cnrio<
ivell New Road. S.E.

in gei

WANTED, an experienced MARKliT GAR-
DENER (under Glass).— Must thoroughly understand
the Forcing of Early Fruit and Flowers. Roses, Cucumbers,
Tomatos, Grapes, &c. In Famborough, Kent. — .Applv bv letter,
with references, to E. P., 8, Moorfields, City. E.C.

w

ANTED, an Outdoor WORKING

FOREMAN, with a good general knowledge of Hardy
Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. Conifera-, American PKsnts,
Roses, Hardy Climbers, &c.— Applv, with reference, to EDWIN
HOLLA-MIrt', The Nurseries, Groombridge, Tunbridge Wells.

ESSRS. THOS. CRIPPS and SON, The

Tunbridge Wells' Nurs.rii -, K. hi, ln>.. a VACANCY
in their establishment for a fir-l ' i!: i i ' ; M'OR of Hard
and Soft-wooded Plants. Mii ■ , -kiltul with

Clematises. Rhododendrons. V."-- < hj,i.i.. .Veers. &c. —
Address as above, stating age. \\.i..i: -. n-.|iiiied, and enclosing

ANTED, a PLANT GROAVER and

PROPAGATOR.— Must be clever and energetic, with
goCMl character. — Apply, with particulars and %vages expected,
to FLORIST, Gardeners' ChronicleO([w.e,i\, WellingtonStreet,
Strand, W.C.

ANTED, a young MAN, used to Budding
and Grafting Roses, and General Nursery Work.- State
wages and reference to GEO. MOUNT, The Rose Nursery,
Canterbury.

WANTED, a quick and intelligent Young
Man for the Orchid Houses, who has worked under a
good Grower. Wages to commence, 24s. per week.— WALTER
COBB, Silverdale Lodge. Syd.-nliam. S.W.

Seed Trade.

WANTED, a thoiou<,'hlv capable and superior
Man as HEAD SHOI'.MAN", t„r a large Provincial Seed
Business. — .Address, stating age, particulars of experience,
salary, &c., to S. S. B.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41.
Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

WT'ANTED AT ONCE, an ASSISTANT for

T T Florist's Shop, where lirst-class trade is done. — -Apply,
stating wages, to H. ENGLISH, Fairlie Nursery, Clevetlon,
Somerset.

WANTED, an intelligent, active MAN, with
knowledge of Plants, &c. : able to undertake Clerical
Work, and occasional short Home Journey ; a knowledge of the
Seed Trade also desirable. — Address, stating full particulars,
with wages, A. Z., Gardeners' Chronicle Olhce, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mn. R. ScoTT, for the last three months Pro-
pagator in the Zoological Society's Gardens,
Regent's Park, is appointed Head Gardener to
the Hon. H. Sewell, Steephill Castle, Ventnor,
Isle of Wight.

Mr. Isaac Milsom, late of Kilkea Castle, co.
Kildare, ha.s been appointed Head Gardener to
Sir Harry Vebney, liart., Claydon Park,
Winslow, Bucks.

Mr. F. SiMMONDS, formerly Gardener at Sand-
ridge Park, Melksham, has been appointed to
the charge of the garden of C. B. AX'indeler,
Esq., Long Ditton Hill, Surrey.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is very important in Remitting bij Postal Order
that it shovld be filled in payable to No. 4^. DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as. unless the numbtfT of a Postal Order is
htoivn, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it,

N.n. -The btst and safest means of Remitting is by P0S7-
OFFICE ORDER.

icr iters.

NOTICE TO ADVERT ISEUS.— In many in-itance^
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements avf
rcceioed ivithout name, addi-ess, or anything beyond the
postmark 07t envelope by irhich to identify the sender; this
in all cases causes a vejy great deal of trouble, and fre-
{/nently the sendei' cannot be identified at all.

Advei'tuters are reqn^fted when Remitting to give their
Names and Addreases, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they trlsh repeated.

^COTCH GARDENERS.

O —John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Priuces Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his List a number of SCOTCH
GAKDENERS. waiting re-engagementq. He will be pleased (.o
supply full particulars to any Lady, Xoblfni'.tn, or Gentleman
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in tlie Niir-..'ry .inil upon his Register
some excellent Men, comp'-t. n' . 'Ii ,- i.. I'll iht" situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIl I , I '■!:; M ^ \, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlem.f. ; .1 the above will
please send full particulars, uL i. '..<■ -. -. Ifitions for the
different capacities will be dkhI. . UMi:^>,v,[\ . \.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND tSONS, having filled many
important place.^, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies aud Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for tirst-rate Establishments,
or Single- hand eil situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND SONS. The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— Several very supe-
rior Men on our Books, whom we can recommend with
utmost confidence. Established 1717.— ALISTIN and McAS-
LAN. Nursery and Seedsmen, 16. Buchanan Street, Glasgow.

R~ IC H A irD "S U I T H AND CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
4c.— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GAROENER, and also another MAN. who. in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience aa an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capaole of Managing Large
Estabtishments.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.

MANAGER or GARDENER.— Middle-aged,
single; energetic. Thoroughly experienced in all branches
of the profession — the Rearing of Arboreous Trees, Slanage-
ment of Woods and Flantations, andtheLiiyin^-outof Pleasure
Grounds and Ground Work generally. Good references. — R, C,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. WellingtonStreet. Strand, W.C.

^ITANAGER, or FOREMAN, in a good Fruit

XtX Growing Establishment.— Age 42; thoroughly well up
in Grapes, Peaches, Cucumbers, Beans, Straw'berries, Cut
Flowers, J'erns, Plants, &c. Good knowledge of Piping.
Upwards of three years' excellent character from a large place
in Jersey.— HORTUS, 81, Lot's Road, Chelsea, S.W.

ARDENER (Head).— Middle-age, married,

late of Folieson Park— six and a half years ; thoroughlj
competent in his profession.— B., Longhu'rst Cottage, Bull
Brook, Bracknell, Berks, W.

OCTOBEK 1, 1887.]

TEE GA]?DENE1?S' C HE ONI CLE.

419

GARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly practical
in every branch of the profession ; sixteen years' excel-
lent character from last situation.— J. B., Bailey, Florist.
Poplar Walk, Heme Hill, Dnlwich, S.E.

AKDEXER (Head).— Mr. Nisbet, Gar-

dencr. Aswarby Park. Fnlkingham, Lincolnshire, will
be please.l to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman ii

G

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.
AKDENJ-Mt (11i:ahi. — Age 04, married, one

chiKi; al'-tainer. Advtrtiser, with twenty years' expe-
rieuce in large places, desires immediate re-eugagemeut. Well
recommemle.1,— J. JORDAN, Great Briugton, Nortluimpton.

AKDENEH (Head) ; age 27.— G. Mehritt,

Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Dacre, Kimptou Hoo,
Welwyn, Herts, desires to recommend his Foreman, James
Anderson. Thoroughly practical iu all branches. Testimonials
of the highest order.

ARUEiNEU (Head); age 28. single.— H.

Downing, Gardener, Norbury Park, near Dorking,
Surrey, will be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentle-
man a thorough honest, sober, industrious, hard-working man
who thoroughly understands his business. A Single-handed
place not objected to. Shall be pleased to answer any inquiries.

GARDENER (Head, where two or three Under
Gaideners are kept).— Age 4.5 ; at liberty on October 24.
An excellent, all-round Gardener, of long practice, would be
glad to meet with a situation. High wages not desired ;
mo<lerate waees accepted.— Letters to be addressed to F. M.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

/GARDENER (Head); age 30.~Mr. Clarke,

VX Gardener, Lowther Castle, Penrith, has very great
pleasure in recommending his Foreman, \Vm. Webber, to any
Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, who may be in want of a
thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, with excellent
references from previous employers.

ARDENER(Head); age 28.— Geo. Smith,

Gardener, The Street, Chorley. Lancashire, will be
pleased to-recommend his Foreman, R*. Bateman, to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trustworthy man,
First-cl,ftss..expgritnce.ia several leading establishments, in-
cluding Worksop Manor, Enville Hall, Eastnor Castle, &c.
Land and Stock if required.

f^ ARDENER (Head) ; age 30. — H. AV.

VT Ward, Gardener to t)ie Right Hon. the Earl of Radnor,
Longford Castle, Salisbury, can, with every confidence of his
giving satisfaction, recommend his Foreman, Henry Dunkin,
to any Lady. NobU-maii, or Gentleman reiiuiring the services
of a thoroughly practical man in every bruncli of Gardening.
He is a very energetic and highly respectable man, and quile
competent to Manage a First-cUiss Gardening Establishment.

C GARDENER (Head WorkixVg).— Age 29,
IT married, one in family; thoroughly understands Fruit,
Flower, and Vegetable Forcing, &c. Sixteen years' experience
in large places.— C. ENSOLL, Claydon, Winslow, Bucks.

ARDENER (Head Workixg). — Age SO,

married ; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Guod
character.— H. BKYANT, Ifil, Leighton Road, Keutisli Town,
London, N.W.

G GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,
X married, no family ; thoroughly experienced in Forcing
all kinds of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. Good character.
— T. B., Oakwood Hall Lodge, Romiley, Stockport.

ARDENER (Head Workini^).— Age 35;

married. Understands Vines. Peach Honse,^, Stove
Plants, -Melons. Flower and Kitchen Garden, &c. Good
character.— W. PECK. Church Road, Winclimore Hill, X.

ARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 30,

married. £o Bonus will be given to anyone securing
advertisera comfortable situation. Sixteen years' experience in
good establishments. Can "be highly recommended. — REDING-
TON, Wonersh, near Guildford, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Vi.
Stevens. Gardener to C. C. Rogers, Esq., Stanage Park,
can with confidence recommend his late Second Gardener to
any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a practical
man.— W. C. Princess Street, Ware. Herts.

f^ ARDENER (Head Working), where four

xDT or more are kept.— Age .33 ; eighteen years' experience
in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables ;
also Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Excellent character and
references.— CHARLES ARTHUR TOLLEY, Cowley Manor
Gardens, near Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 27,
single.— David Brown, Gardener to Colonel Maitland,
Winchfield House, Winchfield, Hants, is open to re-engage
with any Lady or Gentleman, as Head Working Gardener.
Twelve years' experience in Gardening in all its briinches. —
For character and ability apply to the above.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed).— Single ; experienced both in Flower
1 and Kitchen Gardening, Good character. Total abstainer.

^ Country preferred.— H. TOMS, F. Pelham, Buntingford, Herts.

I f^ ARDENER (Head, or good Singi^-

I VX HANDED); age 30, married, one child. — Alexander

L Wilson, Victoria Nursery, Romford, Esses, can confidently

recommend a man in either capacity. Three years in present
situation. Leaving through death. — Address as above.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him ; age 36, married, four children. — A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses, Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons. Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER.— Age 25 ; good character.
Willing to make himself generally useful.— A. JACOBS,
Mill Green, Ingatestone, Esses.

GARDENER ; middle-aged, married, two
children.— Capt. J. H. Platt, Dene Park, Tunbridge,
wishes to recommend his Gardener, who is leaving, through
making changes in his garden. Good character from previous
employer.

GARDENER ; age 35, married, no family. —
A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Gardener, who
has been with him eleven years; thoroughly experienced in
all branches of the prolessiou. — J. D., 3, Weissenburg Terrace,
Ore, Hastings.

/^^ ARDENER (Working), or where one or

vT two are kept. — Age 42, married ; seven years' excellent
references.— W, GROVE, Box Grove, Dedworth. Windsor,

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
another one or two are kept.— Middle-aged. Will make
himself useful.— J. DEAN, ];>, Bell Lane, Enfield Wash,
Middlesex.

GARDENER, or good SECOND.— Age 28,
single : thorongh knowledge of all branches of the
profession. — D. A., W. Pearce, City Bank, Queen Victoria
Street, E.O.

GARDENER (Second), where two or three
are kept.— Age 2.3 ; eight years' experience.— 0. WTilLLER,
Hookwood Common, Horlev, Surrey; or the G,UIDENEK,
Finches, Lindlield, Sussex.

GJ.ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN
1^ in a good establishment. — Age 22; good character and
testimonials from previous employers. Disengaged. — A.
EVERARD, Shord Hill, Kenley, Surrey.

ARDENER (Undeh). — Age 22 : seven

years' experience Inside and Out. Excellent characrter.
—A. HAWKES, Widtord, near Chelmsford, Essex.

GARDENER (Under), in the Houses pre-
ferred.— Age 21. Six years' experience. Good charac-
ter.—A. B., 200, Walton Street, Chelsea, London, S.W.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 20 ; eight years'
experience. Good character. Can be well recommended
by previous employers.— Please st.Tte wages. &c., to R. LAR-
COMBE, North Street, Monkwearmouth, Sunderland.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 27 ; twelve
years' experience in good places. Good references or
testimonials.— WM. ROBINSON, Crcsswell, Morpeth, Nortlium-
berland.

UOREMAN.— J. W. Machathie, Gardener to

JL the Marquis of Lothian, has great pleasure in recom-
mending Joseph Black to any Gardener requiring an energetic
and trustworthy man. Has had the best of trading in leading
Scotch establishments. England preferred. — Address for par-
ticulars to Newbattle Gardens, Dalkeith, JT.B.

Trade.

FOREMAN (WoBKi.vG), er PROPAGATOR
and GROWER.— Fifteen years' experience in all branches,
including Wreaths, Bouquets, &c. disengaged. — M., 9. Grove
Place, Acton, W.

OREMAN GROA\ER, on Commission or

otherwise, of Flowers and Fraits for Market, or private
purposes. — T. C, Market Square, Bivhop Stortford, Herts,

URSERY FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR

of stove and Greenhouse Plants, Roses. Orchids. Ferns,
and Soft-wooded stuff. Forcing, &c.— C, Spring Cottage,
High Road, Whetstone, N.

ROPAGATOR and GROAVER for Market.

—Age 30; well up in all branches of the Cut Flower and
Plant Trade, Sixteen years' experience. — B., 168, Lodge Lane,

RUIT GROWER.— Age 30, single; tho-

roughly experienced in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers,
Tomatos, Mushrooms, Strawberries in pots, and General Cul-
ture of Plants. — Would go abroad if required. — J. JONES, Red
Lion Yard, New Brentford, Middlesex.

JOURNEYMAN; age l*^.— Mr. Ward, Little
Aston, Sutton Coldlield. can recommend a strong active
young man. Two and a half years' experience.

OURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a
good garden establishment.— Age 22 ; eight years' expe-
rience. Highly recommended. —.T. PRICE, The Gardens,
Avenue House, Church End, Finchley, N.

OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22.—

J. Oldfield, Chirk Castle, Ruabon, will be pleased to
recommend a young man. Eight and a half years' experience.
Bothy preferred. Address as above.

STOCK GROOMandCOACHMAN,or GROOM
and GARDENER.— Age 3,i, married, one boy ; respect-
able ; used to Live Stock. First-cl;iss references. — .A. B., .j,
Sinclair Mews, West Kensington. London, W.

IMPROVER, in the Houses in a Gentleman's
Garden, — Age 18 ; is strong and willing. Two years' cha-
racter.- Rev. O. HORNER, Mells Rectory, Frome.

IMPROVER. — Wanted, a situation for a strong,
active youth (nearly 17). Two years' experience under
Glass and in General Gardening. Abstainer.— G. CUETIS,
Timsbury Manor, Romsey, Hamp>]iirc.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—
Age 20; would be willing and obliging. Total abstainer.
Two and a half years' experience. Good character. A Pre-
mium given.— H. SAMPSON, Hall Street, Briston, Norfolk.

MPROVER. — A respectable young man seek.s

re-engagement in the Houses. Willing to pay Premium,
od character.— Box 834, 403, Strand, W.C.

IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 20 ; strong
and active. Good references.— E. HENEAGE. the Gar-
dens, Revesby Abbey, Boston.

IMPROVER.- Age 16; will pay Premium

i where he will get a good practical knowledge of Green-
house Work; strong, active, and trustworthy. Well recom-
mended.—Rev. T. E. JAMESON. East Claydon Vicarage, Bucks.

0 ROSE GROWERS, &c.— Advertiser, of

twenty-five years' practical experience as Propagator
and Grower of Roses in all its branches, with a thorough know-
ledge of General Nursery Stock, of active business habits,
first-class education and an abstainer, wishes for a permanent
engagement. The highest testimonials and references. Terms
moderate.— A. B., Mr. Duffield, Bohemia, St. Lf^onard'g.

RCHID GROWERS.— Wanted by a young

man (age 20)', a situation under a good Orchid Grower,

where he can obtain a knowledge of Orchids, Moderate

Premium. Six years' experience Indoors and Out. Good

character.— W. B., Mrs. Dudley, Fulmer Post Office, Slough.

0 NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS. —

A young man (age 20) requires situation in Houses; has
had five years in and outdoor experience.— PITTS, 6, Ivy Ter-
race, Baddow Road, Chelmsford, Essex.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation in
a Nursery, or Gentleman's Garden.- Age 20; six years'
experience. Total abstainer. Good character from last em-
ployer.—H. BENNETT. Steeple Aston, Oxon.

a^O NURSERYMEN, &c.— Wanted, a situa-

JL tion in the Nursery or Garden. — Age 22 ; good experience.
Good character from last employer.— T. F, 14, Exmouth Road,
Southsea, Hants.

0 GARDENERS.— AVanted, to place an

intelligent youth in a good Garden. Willing to pay a

small Premium.— W. WHIBBERLEY. Oulton Park, Tarporley.

Nursery and Seed Trade.

BOOK-KEEPER and CASHIER.—
Thoroughly experienced, desires engagement. First-
class testimonials.— X. X., Gardmers' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

TNVOIGE CLERirand^^OREIGN CORRE-

X SPONDENT (French, German, and English).— Age 2.') ;
good knowledge of Plant and Seed Trade. Apprenticed to the
former. Can he highly recommended. London preferred. —
G. E., Seabrook & Co., Swanley Junction, Kent.

To Seedsmen and Florists.

SHOPMAN, CLERK, or TRAVELLER.—
Experienced. Trustworthy and obliging; good references.
— M. A., 78, Pevensey Road, Eastbourne.

Seedsman.
C HOPMAN, or WAREHOUSE MANAGER,

Kj open for engagement. — Eighteen years' experience in all
branches; first-class testimonials, and highot references.—"
A. S. D., Tillie & Turner, Edinburgh.

SHOPMAN, or WAREHOUSEMAN.— Age
23; six vears' experience. First-class references. —
T. W. G.. Gardmers' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

SHOPMAN, or SECOND. — Advertiser
wishes situation as above. Ten years' experience in
leading Scotch Houses. Good general knowledge of the Seed
and Bulb Trade. Well up in Nursery Stock and its Value,
also Book-keeping. First-class testimonials. Moderate salary.
— D. E. F., Messrs. Hurst Sc Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.C,

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five
O years' experience. Good knowledge of Plant and Seed
Trade. Good references.— JNO. HARDING, St. Neots, Hunts.

O FLORISTS.— Required, a Situation in a

Floral E-stablishraent. Two years' experience as Clerk
and Cashier in a first-rate house. Exceptional testimonials.
Terms moderate.— W. H., 3, Hilton Road, HoUoway, N.

O FLORISTS.— Wanted, a situation in a good

Florist's Shop. Well experienced in Plants, Cut Flowers,
Furnishing, Decorating. &c. Age 24. Good reference. — J. W.,
Barn Elms, Barnes, S.W.

SEED TRADE.— A young Englishman seeks
a situation in a good Business, Wholesale or Retail —
Office, Shop, or Warehouse. Moderate salary. Excellent
knowledge of German. Two years' experience in good German
Houses. First-class testimonials. — D. F. G., Messrs. Cooper,
Taber & Co.. Wholesale Seed Merchants, 90, Southwark Street,
London, S.E.

STOKER, or any place in a Market Nursery. — -
Married; good character. —J. P., .oO, Thesell Avenue,
Noel Park, Wood Green, N.

HOLLO WAY'S OINTMENT and PILT.S.
— Diseases of the Bowels. — A remedy which has been
tested and proved in a thousand different ways, capable of
eradicating poisonous taints from Ulcers and healing them up
merits a trial of its capacity for extracting the internal
corruptions from the bowels. On rubbing Holloway's Ointment
repeatedly on the abdomen a rash appears, and ns it thickens
the alvine irritiibility subsides. Acting as a derivative this
Ointment draws to the surface, releases the tender intestines
from all acrid matters, and prevents Inflammation, Dysentery,
and Piles, for which blistering was the old-fashioned, though
successfui treatment, now from its painfulness fallen into disuse,
the discovery of this Ointment having proclaimed a remedy
, possessing equally derivative, yet perfectly painless powers.

420

THE GJBDENERS' GHBONICLE.

[October 1, 1887.

BOOLTON & PADL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

CONSERVATORIES

rs ANY STYLE.

ORCHID HOUSES.

GREENHOUSES

FOR ALL PURPOSES.

FORCING HOUSES,

PITS, &c.

CA TAL OG TIES Post-free.

No. 73.— GARDEN FRAMES.

Sides of Frames 14 inches high, 2 feet 3 inclies
at ridge. Made so as to be easily put together.
The Lights turn quite over. Our set-opes prevent
the wind from blowing the Lights up. Painted
four coats best oil colour.

This Frame has given general satisfaction, and
was first brought out by us in 1883.

No. 74.— PLANT FRAMES.

Are made of the best sound red deal, sawn from the
best trees in the forest to our own requirements,
and seasoned in a proper manner. The FRAIVTES
are of 1^ inch boards, 13 inches high at front, 24
inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridgo,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if
required. The LIGHTS are 2 inches thick, fitted
with set-opes, and arranged to turn over, back and
front, for ventilating. The whole painted four LOiits.

SURVEYS MADE

in any part of the Country.

Ladies and Gentlemen waited
upon hij appointment.

ESTIMATES FREE.
CATALOGUES

of all our ilanufactures Post-free.

ALL SIZES IN STOCK.

Cash prices, carriage Paid :-

length. Widtli. Price.

1-LloHT Frame ... 4 feet by 6 feet £2 17 6

2 ,, ,. ... 8 feet by 6 feet 4 7 «

3 „ „ ... 12 feet by 6 feet 5 17 6

4 „ ., ... 16 feet by 6 feet 7 7 6

5 ,. „ ... 20 feet by 6 feet 8 17 6

6 „ „ ... 24 feet by 6 feet 10 7 6

Made up to any length.
Packing Cases are allowed for in full, if returned
carriage paid at once, and in good condition.

CASH PRICES, Carriage Paid:-

Length. Width. Price.
IT Frjmf. ... 4 feet by 6 feet £3 0
... 8 feet by 6 feet 4 12
... 12 feet by 6 feet 6 6
... 16 feet by 6 feet 8 0
... 20 feet by 6 feet 9 15
... 21 feet by 6:feet 11.10
Mode up to any lengtli.

All these Frames are painted four coats, and glazed with 21-oz. English glass.

No. 76.— CUCUMBER FRAMES.

Are made of the best sound red deal, sawn from the
best trees in the forest to our own requirements,
and seasoned in a proper manner. The FRA-MES
are of IJ inch boards, 24 inches high at bacii and
13 inches high in front, bolted at the corners, easily
taken to pieces if required. The LIGHTS are 2
inches thick, with iron bar across and one handle
at the top, and the whole painted four coats.

CASH PRICES, Carriage Faid:-

Lengtli. Width. Price.

HT Frame ... 4 feet by 6 feet £2 0 0

... 8 feet by 6 feet 3 5 0

... 12 feet by 6 feet 4 12 6

... 16 feet by 6 feet 6 0 0

... 20 feet by 6 feet 7 7 6

... 21 feet by 6 feet 8 15 0
Made up to any length.

All Carriage Paid to any Railway Station in England and Wales.

CASH PRICES, Carriage Paid:-

No. 64. — PATENT PLANT

PRESERVER.

Arranged to build on Brick Walls.

Specificatio.v. — The lights are made of
thoroughly seasoned red deal, made to turn over
readily for easy access to the plants ; also provided
with set-opes for ventilation purposes. The top
lights and end lights gla:ted with 21-oz. English
glass, and painted four coats of good oil paint.

The Gardener's favourite frame, used for storing
bedding plants in winter, and in summer for
git)wlDg Melons, &c., arranged to build on brick-
work, as shown, including two glass ends.

Carriage Paid to any Railway Station in England and Wales, also to Dublin, Cork, Londonderry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh,

or Stations equivalent.

Editorial Communication, should b« addressed to " The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office, 41. Wellington Street Covent Garden, London. W.C
Printed by Wlluam Riohabds, at the Office of Measrs. Bradbury, Aq,nkw & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Oityof London, m tte Ujunty of Middlesex, and puMishad by ttte
Hid WiuxilM K10HABD9, St the Office, 41, Wallington Street, Pariah ol St, Paul's, Covent aaidon, in the said County SiTOBDil, October I, 1887. Agent for Maachester^lOHS Hetwood.

Length.

Width.

12 feet

.. 5 feet ...

18 feet

.. Sfeet ...

12 feet

.. efeet ...

18 feet

.. 6 feet ...

12 feet

.. 7 feet ...

18 feet

.. 7 feet ...

Made to any lengtl

See Catalogues

for larger

Established

No. 2441.

No. 41.-V0L. II. {s^r.:.}

SATURDAY, OCTOBEE 8, 1887.

Newspaper. /Price 3d.

I POST-FBEE, 35d.

CONTENTS.

Apples and Pears in Lon-

Kew SnlUtin

438

don markets, value of .

4.W

Kitchen garden, the ...

4:ft

Apples, canker in

4;ji

T.Belia Timora

428

Books :—

Lapagerias at Messrs. J.

Die Erziehung der

Veitch & Son's

4:«

Pflanzen aus Samen .

44(1

Lavenderette

441

Table Decorations ...

440

Legume, a sticky-seeded

4;i2

Botanical Magazine

4:«

Lihum auratum

444

Canadian fruits

4:tH

Manchester Apple and

Charlesworth's, Mr. J.,

Pear show

4:«

Orchids

4.'!n

Mouth at the Cape, a ...

420

Christmas Roses

i-.n

Nelumbium, white, the .

44.i

Clematis Viorna coccinea

444

Nepenthes at Messrs. J.

Croci. autumn species of

4;(2

Veitch & Son's ...

43H

Douglas Fir, the

427

,, cultxire

442

Early frasts

444

New or noteworthy

Florists' flowers

441

plants

428

Flower farming in South-

Nurseries, Monifieth ...

441

ern France

4:h

Obituary ; —

Flower garden, the

443

Newell, G

44(i

Foreign products

432

Oranges of India...

4:«

Forestry

43.T

Orchid notes and glean-

Fruit cultivation in Cali-

431

fornia

43H

Pears in East Cornwall...

442

Fruits under glass

443

Plants and their culture

443

,, Roses in India

4311

Potato Friesland Beauty

444

Gardeu flowers, drawings

Roots

432

of

444

Royal Horticultural So-

Gardening appointments

450

ciety 436

443

Grapes

4:«

Season, the

444

Hardy fruit garden, the .

i\ib

Societies :—

Hixesia bidentata

431

Crystal Palace

44.T

Horticultural Club

43,S

Theophrasta Jussiasi

4-28

Italy and the Phylloxera

Tomatosand theirweight

44.%

laws

4:«

Tridax bicolor var. rosea

428

Ketelceria Fortunei

!LLl

440
JST

Weather, the

?ATIONS.

44.3

Cucumbers rooting from stalk

4.33

Hellebore, Kiverston Hybrid, t

e

437

Lnveuflerette

441

Theophrasta Jussia;i

J

429

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the "Gardeners' C/>ro?i>cle" from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

HE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

of SOUTHAMPTON.
CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUTT SHOW, NOVEMBER
1 and 3. ONE HUNDRED and THIRTY POUNDS in PRIZES,
a Silver Medal or Piece of Plate, value £2 2s., will be given, in
addition to the 1st Prize, to the exhibitor of the best stand of
12 Blooms in the Show. Entries close October 2.^.

C. S. FUIDGE, Secretary.
1, Bevois Hill Terrace, Southampton.

ORTSMOUTH CHRYSANTHEMUM,

FRUIT, FLOWER, and VEGETABLE SHOW.

This will be one of the Largest and Best Shows in England.
NOV. 10 and 11, in the New Drill Hall, Alfred Road, Landport.

The principal Prizes are a Silver Cup value £25, and £14 105.
in cash for tlie Class of 36 Cut Blooms, and the Jubilee Prize of
£17 lOs. for the Class of 8 Trained Specimen Plants; in addition
to which, nearly £160 will be given in other classes. Entries
Close November I . Schedules free of

26, Queen Street, Portsea.

F. POWER, Hon. Sec.

■\^7'INCHESTER HORTICULTURAL

T > SOCIETY.

The FIFTH ANNUAL EXHIEITION of CHRYSANTHE-
MU.MS, FRUIT and FLOWERS will be held on NOVEJIBER 15
and 16. Entries must be received before November 9.
Schedules on application to

CHALONER SHENTON, Hon. Sec.
74, High Street, Winchester.

n^HE BRISTOL CHRYSANTHEMUM and

JL FRUIT SHOW will be held at the Drill Hall, Queen's
Road, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 23
aud 24. Schedules may be had by applying to

("CARNATION " MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE."

V_^ — A sterling novelty. See Large Advertisement in issue
of Sept. 10. 1887. CATALOGUES on application.
JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newtoa" Nurseries, Chester.

QUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

O containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and post-free to
iiitendiug purchasers.
SUTTON A.\-D SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

A Few Laxge Healtliy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Cbameerops excelsa, and Phcenix reclinata — from 105. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill. London, N.

To the Trade.

JOHN MOOY'' begs to inform his Friends
that he has arrived in London, as usual, with a large
stock of DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS. All Orders shall receive
his careful and prompt attention. Please address

JOHN MOOY, II, White Hart Street, Catherine Street,
Strand, W.C. Private address, 7, Catherine Street, Strand, VV.C.

TEA ROSES for Autumn and Winter Flower-
ing.— Fine healthy Plants, in pots, full of flower-buds,
12s., I8s., and 245. per dozen ; extra strong plants, 8 to 10 feet,
of MARECHAL NIEL, GLOIRE DE DIJON, CHESHUNT
HYBRID, &c.. 3s. 6rf. to 6s,

J. ROBSON, The Bowdon Nurseries, Altrincham.

LILY OF THE VALLEY. — Strong, care-
fully selected Forcing Crowns of the true Berlin sorts,
at 305 per 1000, carriage free to London, payable on delivery,
are offered bv

FRITZ LEXZ, Schidlitz, near Danzig, Germany.

FERNS— FERNS.— FOR SALE, at \s. Qd,
per dozen, in three or four named varieties, sent by
parcel post, and carriage free, good heahhy plants, for cash
with order, by T. BAXD\V1>^ A.VD SON, Edith Nursery,
Burchall Road, Leyton.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

NUIUSEEYMEX, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market. Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" C0.MMIS3I0N, SIDCUP."

QUELCH AND B A R N H A M,

North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STEAW-
BEBKIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily; Cheques weekly, oras preferred
by Sender. BajJtets and Labels supplied. References given.

UCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS, GAK-

DENIAS, &.C.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed for
good and well-packed Blooms of above.

WISE AND RIDES, Covent Gardan, W.C

To Gentlemen's Gardeners and Laxge Growers

OF CUT FLOWERS.

WANTED, TO SELL on COMMISSION,
in Smithtield Market, Manchester, both large and
small quantities of Choice CUT FLOWERS, viz., Eucharis,
Gardenias, Roses, Bouvardias, &c. Boxes and labels found if
required. Daily or weekly settlements, and satisfactory
references given.

C, E. ARNOTT, Florist, &c. Lime House Nurseries, Lowton,
near Ncwton-le-Willows,

ANTED, large quantities of CUPRESSUS

MACROCAEPA, 9 inches to a foot high.— Apply,
stating price to

JOHN MACKINNON, Kylemore Castle, Ireland.

ANTED CUTTINGS.— CALCEOLARIA

floribunda aurea. Sultan. Golden Gem; GERA-
NIUMS, Red, White, Pink ; EUONYMUS, ovata, aurea.
BUNYARD, Ashford.

ANTED, in any quantity, EUCHARIS,

STEPHANOTIS, GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES, and
other Choice CUT FLOWERS. Cash on receipt of consignment.
A. HILL AND CO., 52, Hart Street, Covent Garden, W.C

ANTED.— Large Early PEACH TREES,

Large Fielder's White AZALEAS, and Large
CAMELLIAS.— Send particulars to

T. WHILLANS, Blenheim Gardens, Woodstock.

FOR SALE, 3 Vols, of the Gardeners' Chronicle
for 1841, 1842, and 1843, bound in half calf, in good
condition. Price £1 the set.

H. ROWLAND, Selsfield, East Grinstead.

In Liquidation.

IRIS G E R M A N I C A, in fine variety ;
JAPAN-ESE MAPLES, PEONIES, GLADIOLI, COL-
CHIOUM, LILIES, &c., at verj- low prices.
Must be cleared in October.
Send for our CLEARANCE LIST.
NEW PLANT AND BULB CO.MPANY. Colche.ter.

Koses, Fruit Trees, &c.

CHARLES TURNER'S Autumn
CATALOGUE is now ready, and may be ha^i free on
application. It contains full collections of Roses, Fruit 'Irees,
CouiferiB, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and Shrubs.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

Dutch Bulbs.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nurserymen,
• Seeds.men and Florists, Haarlem, Holland, have
Published their New (Abridged) CATALOGUE tor the season
of selected Hyacinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs and Tubers
(No. 164), which may be had post-free on prepaid application,

BURVENICH-DE WINNE, Gentbrugge,

• near Ghent, Belgium, offers :— 36,000 well-budded

AZALEA MOLLIS, from 10 — .50 buds ; 20,000 AZALEA

INDICA, of superior growth, and for English use; PALMS,

RHODODENDRONS, DRAC^NAS, and General Belgian Stock.

Ask for PRICE LIST, free on application.

EST HYACINTHS, Four Dozen, in 48'3, of

the best varieties in cultivation — all show varieties — for

20s. Free by post. Send P. 0.0. to
GEBROEDERS ROOZEN, Overveen, Haarlem, Holhind,
Price LIST of all sorts of Bulbs free. Package free ; free at

home.

A R R ' S SELECTED BULBS

have gained many Medals and Prizes I Prices moderate !
Quality unsurpa-ssed ! Full descriptive Catalogue free on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Gardeu, W.C.

FRICAN TUBEROSES. — Grown by

Wm. Risley, Natal, now arrived in fine condition.

For sample and price, apply at the Office of Mr. WM. G.

MACGREGOE, Langbourne Chambers, Fenchurch Street, E.G.

To the Trade only.

CAPE BULBS.— The Botanic Gardens, Cape
Town, are Booking Orders for delivery in February, 1888.
FREESIA and DISA a specialty.

A. F. BAXTER, Sales Department.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

EWING AND CO., Sea ^'ie^v Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old varieties.

GARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good
colour, showing flower-bud, and absolutely clean, in
5 and 6-inch pots, 21s. to 30s. per dozen.

JORN STANDISH AND CO.. Koyal Nurseries. Ascot.

Fema— Ferns —Ferns.

HB. MAY offers an immense Stock of clean
• established Plants in small pots, suitable for orna-
mental pots, or for growing on. Sorts and prices on appli-
cation. Bvson's Lane Nursery. Upper Edmonton,

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS," LONDON.

RICHARD WALKER can supply the following
for cash with order :— Early Rainham, Enfield Market,
and Robinson's Champion Drumhead CABBAGES, the best stock
that can be grown. — The Market Gardens. Biggleswade, Beds.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free. Zd.—'W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

ASPBERRY CANES, selected Fastolf, 305. j

3irong Carter's. 4Us. per 1000.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS, Sir Joseph Paxton, I2s. per 1000.

Terms cash,

R. BATH, Osborne Farm, Wisbeach.

422

THE GJEDE NEBS' CHRONICLE.

[October 8, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Every Monday, Tnursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH liULBi. — GREAT U.NKE3EKVK1) SALES.

MErfSK.S. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by ALOLTON, at their Ceutral Sale Rootas,
67 and 6i. Ulie.ip-ide, Loudon, E.G., every MONDAY. THUKS-
DAV. iinJ SAl'LTKUAY. at half-paat 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive ConM^ninriits of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CEUCUS,
NARCISSIJS, and utlier BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quaiitv, lotted to ^uit tlie Trade and private bnyers.
On view moniinj of Sile. and CtalOijues had.

Tuesday Kext.

Imporlations of ORCHIDS received direct for unreserved Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION at their Central-Sale Rooms, B7
and lis, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT,
October 11, at half-past Vi o'clock precisely, importations of
ORCHIDS received direct for unreserved Sale, including
Cattleya Dowiana, Odontoglossum Schleiperianum, O.
CErstedi, Pilumna fragrans, Odontoglossum luteo purpureum,
and many others; also a choice assortment of Established
Orchida.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— Important to the Trade.

2000 Well-grown AZALEAS, true to name, full of buds, in-
cluding the best sorts ; also 311(10 clumps of Sl'IR-EA JA-
PONICA. from Belgium; FERNS, in great variety;
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, LILIES, DUTCH BULBS,
NARCISSUS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above bv bvAUCTION. at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and OS, Cheapside. London. E.O.. on WEDNES-
DAY NEEXT, October 12, at haU-pust 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Borrowasli, near Derby.

HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE of BEAUTIFULLY GROWN

SPECIMEN CONIEFRS for effective Planting.

ToNi'M. rii I I. ii!!. nr.n, Landscape Gardeners, and Others.

Ml>-i;- I'KirilEROE AND MORRIS are
1,1 I -rs. W. Barron & Son, to SELL by

AUCI'I"^ -I I . r: inises. The Elvaston Nurseries, Borrow-
as-h. near D -rljv. Ihrne minutes' walk from Borrowash Station,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 13 and 13. at
11 o'clock pr,'Cisely each day, a large quantity of BEAUTI-
FULLY GROWN NURSERY STOCK, which has been care-
fully prepared for removal, including a great variety of
choice and rare specimen Coiiiferte ; matchless specimen
Golden Y.ws and Hollies; green and variegated Hollies;
large ornamental Deciduous Trees for Park or Street planting ;
4000 Laurels of iorts; very hue Standard and Pyramid Apples
and Pears ; Rhododendrons ; 10,000 true native Larch, 2—4
feet; large quantities of transplanted Forest Trees; strong
Thorns, &c.

The Stock may be viewed any day (Sundays exceptsd).
Catalogues hid at the Nurseries; at Messrs. B.4KR0N and
SON'S Seed Shop, 16, Market Streetj Nottingham ; and of the
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E,C.,
and Leytonstone, E.

Boleyn Nursery, Upton.

Important to Nurserymen, Florists, Market Growers, and
Others.
SALE of the FREEHOLD NURSERY, with numerouj GLASS
ERECTIONS, and also the STOCK and UTENSILS in
TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
favoured with instructions from Mr. Crowe to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Boleyn Nursery, Upton,
a short distance from the Upton Park Station, on TUESDAY,
October 11, at 12 o'Clock precisely (unless previously let or
sold by private treaty), the compact FREEHOLD NURSERY,
consisting of a large bicck of Land, with 14 well-built Green-
houses efficiently heated by Hot-water Piping, Pits, &c.

Following the Sale of the Nursery the whole of the valuable
and immense stock of FERNS, PALMS, and other GREEN
HOUSE PLANTS will be offered in suitable lots for the Trade
and private buyers. -

Catalogues may be had on the Premi«e^, and, with particulars
of the Nursery, of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS. 67 and
68. CheapMde. E.G.. and Le\

Friday Next.

BRASSIA, NEW SfECIES.
A wonderful new species, discovered by Mr. Herbert Wallace
in the lioromia district of South America (the neighbour-
hood ^^hence comes the beautiful Cattleya Lawrenceana.
The flowers are very larKC. and borne on spikes 3 feet in
length ; the colour is a bright rich yellow, slightly spotted
with red; the sepals of the flower lengthen out into tail-
like appendages, reaching a length of 6 inches. The lip of
the flower is wholly yellow, andmuch waved ; iu addition
the flowers are deliciously sweet- seen ted. Mr. Herbert Wal-
lai-e, bi'ing gold- pros pec ting in the neighbourhood, came
aoro-^ ihis beautiful novelty iu the Bush, and sent the
plants home to his friend, Mr. Frederick Horsmau. tobe
dealt with as he thought proper; tliey are, therefore,
placed in our hands for Mr. Herbert Wallace's benefit, and
will be sold witiiout reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to include the above valuable importation of
ORCHIDS in their SALE on FRIJJAY NEXT, October 14. at
12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

ANGRiECU LEONII.

SANDERI.A.NUM.
CVTTLEYA DOWIANA.
V.ANDV SANDERIANA.

MF.;^;^T;S IM^OTHEKOE and MORRIS are
li. F.Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
Ih.' r '■■ I HI-, 67 and 63. Cheapside, London, E.C.,

Qu FKi IM I M \ 1 . ' iriMberlJ.at half- past l:> o'Clock precisely,
a ^pl^ii.lHl mipurlatiuu of ANGR^CUM LEONII just re-
ceived, with loiiage green and fresh, and as good as established
plants. It is a wond.?rfuI novelty, and oneof the finest Orchida
we have had the pleasure to offer, being most easy of cultiva-
tion, pure whito, and very fragrant and floriferous. thriving
vigorously undT cool treatment. A tine lot of the rare and
be.utiful ANi^R.ECUM SANDERIANUM will also be offered.
This IS a lovely species; its (lowers are pure white, and up to
twenty-five produced on a spike.

At the same time will be offered a quantity of CATTLEYA
DOWIANA. in the best condition, embracing compact plants,
well leHved, and with sound dorra:int eyes. A fine lot of
ANGRJECUM SCOTTIANUM, a quantity of the rare and
beiuliful VANDA SANDERIANA. LJ2LIA AUTUMNALIS
ATKO-UUBENS. with lur^e and line looking bulbs ; AERIDES
LAWRENCEiE. A. UOBELENII. CATTLEYA BOW-
RINiaANA. ZYGOI'ETaLUM GAUTIERIf. CCELOGYNE.
Bpce-i. probably new; OUONTOGLOSSUM CITROSML'.M.
CVITLKYA CITRINA. Ei'IDENDKU.Vl NEMoRALE, and
miuj other choice ORCHIDS.

Ou view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

N.B. — riie Sale will also includu au importation of a. new
BRASSIA from Mr- F. Horsman.

"and thriving NURSERY STOCK, iu excellent conditi.
for removal, by order of Messrs. D. S. Thomson & Sons, a
portiou of the land being required to be cleared for build-
ing purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nurseries,
Wimbledon, S.W., on MONDAY and TUESDAY, October 17
and 18. at 12 o'clock precisely, each day, a large quantity of
remarkably well-grown NURSERY STOCK, whicli has been
carefully prepared for removal, including 2500 Conifers, in
various sizes ; 80O0 Laurels, 5000 Gre« n and Variegated Euony-
mus, 6OO0 Standard, Half-standard, and Dwarf Roses, 4000
Standard Ornamental Trees, 8000 Fruit Tree*, 6000 Goose-
berries and Currants, and other Stock.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Walham Green, S.W.— Clearance Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Whittle, who is relinqui>liing the
business, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nur-
sery, at the rear of the Eagle Brewery, William Street, Daw's
Road, Fulham, S. W., on THURSDAY, October 20, at 12 o'clock
precisely, the whole of the well-gro»n NURSEKY STOCK,
consisting of large quantities of Ferns, Conifers, Evergreens,
and Deciduous Shrubs, Privet, Enonymus, and the whole of
the UTENSILS in TRADE.

May be viewed two days prior to the Sale. Catalogues had
of Mr. WHITTLE. 6.511, Fulham Road. S.W. ; and of the Auc-
tloneers. 67 and 68. Cheapside. London, E.C. .and Ley ton-tone. E.

Knockliolt, near Sevenoalss.
2h miles from ILil-t.-ad ^luin'ii. .s.is.R.; 5 from Seven-
oak-, and 10 Ir.cni H-umVv.
IJIPORTA>'T SALE of MAdMUCl.NTLY GP.OWN NUR-
SEKY STOCK and HiUlT TKEES, the whole having been
tran-planted. and now in splendul condition for removal.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. Dale to SELL by AUCTION,
on the I'remises. the Hickmandias Nursery and Fruit
Grounds. Knockholt. Kent, on FRIDAY. October 21. at
12 for half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr.
Dale, a lasge quantity of beautifully grown NURSERY
STOCK, which is in ^plendid condition for removal, great
care and attention having been taken in frequently
transplanting, including thoiL^inds of Conifers and Ever-
greens in variou^Jsizes, the larger portion of mature growth,
and suiUible for planting for immediate effect ; lOOU Rhodo-
dendrous 1 to 2 feet ; &00 Green Hollies, 2 to a feet ; Standard
Ornamental Trees, 10 to 12 feet; 1200 splendidly grown
Fruit Trees, the whole of clean growth and true to name, and
other STOCK, together with two useful Cart Horses.
^ May be viewed. Catalogues may be had ou the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and BH, Cheapside, London, E.C,
and Leytonstone, E.

Lower Norwood, S.E— Annual Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. H. James to SELL by AUCTION ou
the Premises, the Castle Nursery, Lower Norwood, S.E., on
WEDNESDAY, October 19, at 12 o'Clock preci^^elv. a choice
assortment of well-grown Established ORCHIDS' including
several valuable species, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS
in variety; CAMELLIA, AZALEAS. CLIMBING PLANTS, &c.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises and of the Auctioneer, 67 and (58. Cheapside. London, E.C.

Saies of Nursery Stock.

Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others engaged in
Planting.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call attention to the FOLLOWING SALES,
which h.ave now been definitely hxed ;^
OCTOBER 17 and la.— At the NURSERIES, 'WIMBLEDON.

Bvorder of Messrs. D. S. Thomson & Sons.
OCTOBER 20.— At WALHAM GREEN. By order of Mr.

Whittle.
OCTOBER 21.— At the NHRSERY, KNOCKHOLT, SE\TSN-

OAKS. By order of Mr. W. D.ale.
OCTOBER 24 and 25.— At tile NUKSERIES, RICHMOND,

S.W. By order of Messrs. G. & W. Steell.
OCTOBER 29.— At the ELM NURSERY', BRIGHTON. By

order of Mr. Thomas.
OCTOBER 27 and 23.— At the ROYAL NURSERIES, ASCOT.

By order of Messrs. J. Standish & Co.
NOVE.MBER 1.— At the HALE FARM NURSERIES, Totten-
ham. By order of Mr, T. Ware.
NO\'EMBER 1. 2, and 3.— At the NURSERIES, CATER-

HAM. By order of Eiccutoraof the luteMr. O. ,7. Woollett.
NOVEMBER 2 —At the NURSERY, HARROW. By order

of Mr. Naylor.
NOVEMBEK 4.— At the NURSERY, SUN-BRIDGE, IDE HILL,

SKVENOAKS. By order of .Mr. Cattell.
NOVEMBER 7 and 8.— At the NURSERY, PENGE. By

order of Mr. E. B. Haynes.
NOVEMBER 10 and 11.- At the AMERICAN NURSERIES,

LKYTDNSTONE. By order of the Executors.

Other Sales are in course of preparation, and dates of these

wdl shortly be announced. The Auctioneer will be glad to add

the Names of intending Purchasers to their permanent Lists,

who may desire to receive a regular supply of these CatlUoauej,

67 oad 68, Cheapside, B.C.

October 25.

FLOWERING OKCIIIUS. -SPECIAL SALE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of ORCHIIl-i in FLOWER will take place as above, for which
they will be glad to receive notice of Entries as early as

possible.

London,

To FLORISTS and OTHERS engaged in the FURNISHING

TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have
been favoured with instructions to SELL by PRIVATE
CONTRACT, a very old-established and well-known FUR-
NISHING and CUT FLOWER BUSINESS, at present for
Disposal solely in consequence of ill-health. Every facility for
investigation will be given, and full particulars will be fur-
nished on application. Capital required will be between
f iOOU and £.5000.
67 and 68. Cheapside. E.C.

London, S.E.

TO BE SOLD, a capital ^"URSERY, 2J acres
of Ground. 7 Greenhouses and Residences. Rent £45.
Incoming very low. .\ Seed Shop in conjunction with this can
be had if desired.

Full particulars of PROTHEROE AXD MORRIS, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

Market Gardens, Sands End, Folliam, S.W.

IMPORTANT SALE of 13 acres of tine SEAKALE for forcing.
CAULIFLOWER and CABBAGE PL.4-NTS, RHUBARB
ROOTS, CROPS, STOCK and FURNITURE.

MR. MALCOLM SEARLE is instructed by
Mrs. Cass, to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, as
above, on TUESDAY, October 11, at 10 o'clock, 3 very grand
English Carthorses, 17 hands high. Carts, Vans, Implements,
Tanks, 1.350 Hand-glasses. 130 :i-liglit Forcing Frames. Manure,
Litter, Seeds, Household Furniture and Rooks. View day prior.
Catalogues at 8and9, Murlins Lane. Cannon Street. City, E.C.

Bulbs— Bulbs-Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms, 33. KingStreet.Covent Garden, W.O.,
everv MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next— (Sale No. 7506.)
VALUABLE I 51 PORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will inclade in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, en WEDNESDAY NEXT,
October 12, at half-i>ast 12 o'Clock jirecisely, 60 tine imported
pieces of OXfTlitrit SPLKNDIDUM, a consignment of
VANDA TElli:: iMHK^iiM. AERIDES LEONII, &c., from
Bnrmah; ;l.'n I .i:i,U I IMS lANS from Brazil, &c.

On \ii . :.i ii::ii : -l S i le. and Catalogucs had.

Wednesday Next —(Sale No. 7.505.)
SPECIAL SALIC .il (.KCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD.

MR. J. C. .-<T1';\1-;XS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at Ins (irrat Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, October 12, at half-past
13 o'clock precisely, a fine Collection of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, comprising many choice varieties and rare species.

Onv

! of Sale, and Catalog

shad.

Thursday Nest.— (Sale No. 7505.)
EXTENSIVE IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, ou THURSDAY NEXT, October 13, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. O. T. White,
EXTENSIVE IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS in the finest pos-
sible condition, comprising Odontoglossum Pescatorei and 0.
Triumphaus, in quantity ; O. noevium, fine masses; O. croci-
dipterum, O. hastilabium, O. coronarium, O. Lindeni, Ada
aurantiaca, a fine lot ; Oncidium cncuUatum majus, O. super-
biens, 0. serratum, O. species, rare; Restrepia elegans, Pha-
Itenopsis SchiUeriana and P. amabilis, fine imported pieces, re-
ceived in a semi-established state with flower-spikes ; some fine
semi-established plants of Cattleya Mendelii from Mr. White's
last importation, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogiiea had.

Mllford Nurseries, near Godalmlng, Surrey.

Three-quarters of a mile from .Milfurd St.itinii. and 1 nnle from
New Godalming Station on the direct Porlsmuuth Line.

ANNUAL SALES.

IMPORTANT THREE DAYS' SALE of FIRST-CLASS

NURSERY STOCK.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, on the I'remises as above, on TUESDAY,
WEDNESDAY, and THURSDAY, October 25, 26. and 27, 18»7,
at 11 for \i o'clock precisely each day, bv order of -Mr. Maurice
Y'oung, a portion of the beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK,
in capital condition for removal, including —
4.000 Bushy LAURELS. 1} to 2^ feet.
10,000 Strong Evergreen PRIVET, 3 to 4 feet.
1.000 BERBERIS DARWINII, 3 to 3 feet,
1,000 Tree BOX, 2 to 3 feet.

500 AUCUBAS, IJ to 2J feet.
6.000 Choice named RHODODENDRONS and PONTICUM,
1,000 AZALEAS. ANDRO.MEDAS, and HARDY HEATHS.
7,000 SPRUCE FIRS, I to 4 feet, suitable tor Christmas Trees

or for Plantations.
4.000 PINUS AUSTRIACA, IJ to 2} feet.
1.600 ABIES DOUGLASII. 2 to 4 feet.
2,.500 CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. 3 to 4 feet.
3,500 RETINOSPORAS in variety, IJ to 3 feet.
60,000 ASH, 1 to 2 feet.
4.000 Strong ALDER. 4 to 6 feet.
10,000 Strong SYCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet.
10.000 Strong WITHY', 4 to 6 feet.
75.000 Strong QUICKS.
10,000 2-yr. Seedling ASPARAGUS.

Choice STANDARD and DWARF ROSES.
Ornamental DECIDUOUS TREES.
FLOWERING SHRUBS.

Standard and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, CLIMBING
PLANTS, &c.
May be viewed a week prior to the Sale. Cntaloguea may ba
had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 38, King Street,

Covent Qardeu, London, W.C,

OCTOBBR 8, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

423

The Second Portion of the Lovatt Collection of

ORCHIDS. Without R^orve.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from Henry Lovatt. Esq., of Low Hill, near Wolverhamp-
ton to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C., without reserve, on THURS-
DAY October 27, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the second
portion of this well-known COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, com-
prising, amongst other fine things : —
Cattleya Triame alba, true I Lselia harpophylla

„ auren, six breaks Odontoglossum Ropzlii.

„ Snnderianfi, sis and eight j tweuty-six breaks
floM-ering breaks | CypripeiUum Sto

„ Mendelii, specimens
,, crispa siiperba, speci

Dendrobfis in variety
Lfelia purpurata, specimer
Phalronopsis Sehille: '

I Cypripeili

,, Boxalli, &c,
'\*anda corulen, i

I „ tricolor, specir
amabilis, and Stuartini
large and fine planta.
Saccolabium'*, large pieces, &c.
,v morning of Sale, and Catalogues ha

Bagshot, Surrey.

IMPORTANT SALE of THOUSANDS of FRUIT TREES,
HOLLIES. LAURELS, CONIFERS, RHODODENDRONS,
AZALEAS, and a general assortment of HARDY SHRUBS
and TREES, being the contents of an outlying Nursery for
absolute clearance.

To which will be added a very large and varied stock of most
of t lie valuable NURSERY TftEES and SHRUBS in

Mr! j. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. Charles Noble to SELL by AUCTION on
the Premise-s. as above, sitnated half a mile from Sunningdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, TUESDAY, aud WEDNESDAY,

Novt-mber 7, 8, and 9 ;
MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

November lil, 23, and 23 ;

MONDAY', Tt'ESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

December 5, 6, and 7 ;

at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day.

May be viewed one week prior to Sale. Catalogues had on

■ the Premises, and of Mr. J. C. STEVENS. Auction Rooms and

Offices, ;i8. King. Street. Covent Garden. London. W.C.

To Landed Proprietors, Intending Planters,

and Others.
Large and Impoi-tant SALE of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. AVIXTERTON, BEALE and
WIXTERTON are instructed by Mr. Edward Holmes to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premi^^es, at the Whittington
Nurseries, near Lichfield, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
October 13 and 19, and following day, if necessary, at half-past
10 o'clock, each day, an immense quantity of GENERAL
NURSERY STOCK, remarkably well grown, and splendidly
rooted. The whole of the Stock to be offered has been cJire-
fully cultivated and frequently transplanted, and will bear
removal with perfect safety. The trees, S:c.. sent from these
Nurseries for many year^ pust hare earned the reputation of
" always doing well."

FRUIT TREES, true to name, of the best sorts, many in the
bearing state — a complete collection. Some fine Trees of that

tall

f Crab, "John Down

gnihcent and highly ■
will be included in this secti

FOREST TREES, many thousands, healthy young staff-
Chestnuts. Elms, Firs, Pines, Poplars. Birch. &c.

EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS— one of the most complete and comprehensive
Collections in England, including new and beautiful varieties
of the common Laurel, Lilacs, Syringas, tloweriug Thorns, &c.

CONIFERS. — A collection noted and unique. Many oi the
Shrubs in this section have been specially grown for winter
gardening, potting for defloration, &c., and de=;en'e special
attention. GOLDEN YEWS in variety and quantity. ..

.RHODODENDRONS.— Choice named torts, poiiticums, and
other American plants.

CLDIBER-^. hardy, in great variety ; and a fine selection of
the best HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

May be viewed any day prior to Sale. Catalogue? may be
obtained of Mr. EDWARD HOLMES, on the Premts.'3; and uf
the Auctioneers. Estate Agents and Valuers, St. Mary's
Chnmbers. Lichfield.

PUBLIC SALE of PLANTS in Blankenese,
near Hamburg, in Baur's Garden, by ordnr of the Pro-
prietor, on FRIDAY, October 14, commencing at 9 oClock A.M.
and 3 o'CIock P.M., the rich contents of a Hothouse, and of the
widely-known large Palm-house, the latter containing really
splendid specimens, such as three Latania borbonica. from 30
to 40 feethigh ; Phoenix Leonensisanddactylifera, 20 feet high,
and of same diameter; Pritchardia raacio.arpa and aurea,
about 12 feet high; Kentia Lindeni, about 12 feet; Areca
Verschaffelti. about 7 fet-t ; Rhapis flabelliformis. about 9 feet ;
Cocos edule, about \n f^t-t ; Areca sapida. about 15 feet. &e. ; a
number of the mc-t magnificent Wallichia oblougifulia,
Alsophila australis, from 30 to 40 feet high. &c. ; a coJlection
of beautiful Cycads. among them strong specimens of Enc'pha-
lartos Altensteinii. Zamia villosa, Dion edule, Cycas revoluta,
&c., will be SOLD at PUBLIC AUCTION by the Broker,
EMIL MUHLENPFORDT.

For permission to inspect the plants until day of Sale, please
apply at my Office, Pferderaarkt 29—31. Hamburg.

TO BE SOLD, as a going concern a con-
venient and well situated NURSERY, about 6J miles
from Covent Garden. About 14,000 feet of Glass. Stock, &c.,
at valuation.

Particulars on application, A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Of&ce,
41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY,—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN. Jr., Breslau. Germany.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom. near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCILIiE (Glory qf the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

Atherstone, Warwickshire. ^

TO BE LET, by Tender, for a term of Twenty-
one Years, determinable at seven or fourteen, all those
valuable premises known as THE GRAPERY, ATHERSTONE,
with five Cottage?, Garden Ground, and Field ; the whole con-
taining 14 acres.

The Buildings comprise :— A Vinery, 106 feet by 40 feet over ;
a Vinery, 32 feet by 24 feet over; small lean-to ^'■iuery ;
Stephanotis-house, a Span-roof 18-light Pit, Span-roof Cucum-
ber-house, 52 feet by 14 feet 6 inches over; Vinery over Cot-
tages, 122 feet by 25 feet over; and Lean-to Vinery.

The Vines are of high quality; the whole of the premises are
in good working order; they are close to the railway station,
having direct communication with Town.

Most of the Garden Ground is let in allotments, the rents of
which, with the Cottages and Field, amount to £130.

The Lessee will purchase the Stock in Trade on the premises
at a valuation. Possession at once.

For Terms of Tender, and other information, apply to the
undersigned, to whom Tenders must be seut in, marked
"Tenders for Grapery."

WILLLiM ARmSHAW,

Clerk to the Governors of the Atherstone Grammar School.

To Nurserymen and Others.

THE CORPORA'rK.iX of FOLKESTONE
invite TENDERS for the SUPPLY of the FOLLOWING
TREES : —
at per J 500 ELMS (Huntingdon. Cornish, Scotch or Witch).

100 ( 500 LIMES,
at per i :^00 SYCAMORES.

50 1 200 PLANES.

The Trees must be suitable for planting, have been already
moved, and must be of the <liameter of at least 2j inches
measured 1 foot above ground, not to exceed 10 to 12 feet in
height, and with straight stems and good heads.

Tenders marked "Trees " to be sent under Seal to Mr. A. W.
CONQUEST. Borough Engineer, not later than SATURDAY,
the 16th October instant.

The person whose Tender is accepted will be required to
deliver all the Trees at Shorncliffe Railway Station within two
weeks from date of acceptance of tender free of expense to the
Corporation, and no Trees will be accepted except such as shall
meet with the approval of an experienced Nominee of the
Corporation.

No pledge is given that the lowest or any Tender will be
accepted. — By Order.

W. G. 8. HARRISON, Town Clerk.

Folkestone, October 1, 18S7.

New Flowering and Fruiting Covert Plant,

ROSA RUGOSA.— One of the finest Hardy
and Ornamental Berried Shrubs recently introduced from
Japan. Valuable Covert Plant in Game Preserves and Woods.
Forms a dense bush between 4 and 5 feet high, clothed with
luxuriant foliage, and produces anotially an abundant crop of
large hips and perfect seeds, which are greedily devoured by
pheasants and other birds. Rabbits cannot touch it, '
to its bristly bark.

LITTLE AND BA
to the Queen, Carli-

AUTUMN PLANTING.— The past dry spring
and summer encourages autumn planting, and wainvite
inspection of our immense stock of Hardy FOREST TREES for
Profit, Ornament, Shelter and Game, at moderate prices. Par-
ticulars on application.

LITTLE AND BALLANTYN'E, Wood Fore-fers for Crown
Lands, Nursen'men and Seedsmen to H.M. the Queen and
H.R.H. the Pr'ince of Wales Carlisle.

TUBEROSES, DOUBLE AFRICAN.— Our
consignments of the above have now arrived, in excellent
condition, and are the finest we have ever liad. Sample and
lowest price per 1000 (very moderate), also price of American
Pearls, will be seut upon application to

HURST AND S'lN, 152, Houndsditch, London, E..

WINTER-FLOWERING HEATHS, HYE-
MALIS and Others. Good Plants, showing well for
flower — canuot be surpassed — in Sand 6-inch i)ots, 15s. to 245.
per lU

JOHN STANDISH AXD CO.. Royal Nur-

, Ascot.

BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.
Awarded Four Gold Medals.
Laiiig'3 Double and Single Collection is the largest, finest,
and the most complete in existence. New Seed just harvested.
Priced LISTS free on appli

SONS, The Nu

Forest Hill,

STUA'V\'BERRY PLANTS, true names (plant
at once). 3.S. 6rf. per liw. Oscar, President. CTim-on
Queen. Keen's Seedling. Sir J. I'axton, Ele.inor, Eclipse, British
Queen, La Constante, Uaribd.li, V'icomtesse H. deThury, Duke
of Edinburgh, Princess Alice Miiude, Margiieril.-. Elton Piiie,
James Veitch, Ctomte de Paris, Laxton (true). Captjiin (new),
4s. per 100; Laxton 's King of Earlieg. true. new. 45. per 100.
Cash with all orders. Packing tree— K. LGCKE.Wrotham.Kent.]

T^UTCH BULBS.
T~\IRECT FROM THE G:

A ""

NT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nubsekymen,

^^ Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.

Intending purchasers of DUTCH BULBS are invited to read
ANT, ROOZE.V AND SON'S CATALOGUE for 18S7. and see the
large saving effected by Dealing direct with the Grower.
The Catalogue, containing details of their immense Collections
of New, Rare, and Fine Bulbs and Plants, and also jarticulars
as to Free Delivery, w ill be sent, post-free, on application
to them, or to their Agents, MERTENS and CO., 3, Cross
Lane. St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C.

T ARGE FAN-TRAINED PEACH TREES.

-Li —Early Grosse Mignonne, Early Louise, Sea Ea^le, Slc.
Some large PEACH Trees in pots, and some fine Iruiting
PEARS in pots, all good kinds and remarkably healthy. Buy
large trees and save waiting six years. Call and see, or write to
W, H, DIVER, Ketton Hail, Ketton, near Stamford.

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND,

DONATIONS and STTBSCRIPTIONS

WILT, DE THANKFULLY RECFTVFD BV

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,

Chiswick, London, W.
THE GARDENERS' ROYAL

X. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an ADDITION to the
LIST of PENSIONERS will be made in JANUARY NEXT. All
Persons desirous of becoming Candidates are required to cend
in their Applirations to the Committee, oa or before thR 10th
of NO\'EMBER NEXT, after which day they will not be re-
ceived. Preference will be given to those Applicant."*, or their
Widows, who have been on the Books as Subscribera for fifteen
clear years. Should there not be sufficient of ihat class of
Applicants, then the cases of those who liave not subscribed so
lone, or not at all, will be considered. — By Order,

EDWARD R. CUTLER. Secretary.

50, Parliament Street, London, S.W.— October 4, 1887.

p.S. — Printed Form:^ of Application, and all information, can
be obtained from the Secretary.

Camellias, Azaleas. Rhododendrons. Palms. Orchid?,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 2h, Savage Garden?.

Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

80,000

CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and beddine, from 12s. to 24.S. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5H"'''> po*^^, 2s. 6(i.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcest^er.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purpoaes. and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Esbiblishment. Wisbt-ch.

ECONOMY in the GARDEN !

CHEAP good BULBS.

THE PENNY PACKET SEED COIVIPANY'S
CATALOGUE,

Gratis and Post-free. 500 Illustrations.

BIDDLES & COMPANY,

LOUGHBOROUGH,
LErCKSTERSIIIRE.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots, \<^s. per 100;
ditto in large pots, 25,s. per 100. Des^criptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymcu and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

DUTCH AND OTHER

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualities^ at moderate prices.

Large Collections of all the very best varieties of H\ acinths.
Tulips, Crocuses. Narcissi, Lilies, SnowdrJ] s. \c.

Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application.

iU

THE OABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBKH 8, 1887.

BEAUTIFUL
BEDS OF HYACIiMTHS

MODERATE COST.

OAKSHOTT & MILLARD

INIMITABLE or SELECTED HYACINTHS,

. Per dozen. Per 100.

asunder:— , ^ . ^

Extra fine Pale Red

lixtra fine Dark Ked . .

Jixtra fine Light Blue . .

I'^xtra fine Dark Blue . .

Extra fine Pure White

Extra tine Tinted AVhite

203. value Carriage Free.

CATALOGUE OF OTHER BULBH GRATIS.

2 0

-2 0

2 0

2 0

3 0
3 0

14 0

14 0

14 0

14 0

20 0

20 0

OAKSHOTT & MILLAUD,

DIRECT BULB IMPORTERS. READING.

TO PLANTERS.

IMMENSE GENERAL NURSERY STOCK

( over 200 acres).

SpecialJi/ Hardy. Admirahhj Rooted.

Splcmlidlt/ Grown.

INSPECTION INVITED.

Detailed Priced Catalogue Free.

Carriage Free in Truck Loads.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEENS NriiSEIiYliEX aii.l SEEDSMEN.

THE " UPTON " NURSERIES,

CHESTER.

J. GHARLESWORTH,

H EATON, BP.ADFORD,

ORCHID IMPORTER AND GROWER.

Large Stock of all Leading Sorts.
INSPECTION INVITED.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such maguitude that
without seeing it it is not easy to form an adeijuate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

FEUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLLiS,

BUUVAKUIAS. CYCLAMENS. ERICAS. EPACKIS. PRIMU-
LAS, SOLANUMS. TREE CARNATIONS, and other

WINTER and SPUING BLOOMING PLANTS,

Of tine quality and immense numbers.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass Structures cover an area of 274.600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

I nHEAL&SONS

V»" Crawley, w Sussex.

THE

GARDEN ANNUAL

And DIRECTORY for 1888

Will contain a complete List of Gentlemen's Seats, their Names and Gardeners, arranged in
Counties.

A List of Seats Alphabetically arranged ; also a List of Gardeners, with their full Addresses

A complete List of the Nursery Trade.

A separate List of Horticultural Builders, Sundriesmen, &c. ; with a complete and New
List of the American Trade.

All Changes of Address, vHh Applications for Advertising Spaces, to he sent

AT ONCE, to the Editor of the " Garden Annual,"

Mr. JAMES FLOOD, 37, SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON.

SPESCIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-»o««
CHAMPAGNE, "GEVENCEY," 30/-"o«h.

OiVil" TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, G R E S H A M STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers'^ Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

iDome^iticIiJafepSiiDblvi

©

6 Sole Makers,

^Hayward, TnER&CzlM

RIDER'S PBtent HOT AIR

I Household Pumping engine,

© with petent ' '

aREMOVABLE

qWUSMmMM

Cost of i
raising |

10 0 0 Gaim©
80 ft. High |
One PENNY.g

NEW BOOK of Photo-L thographed Sketthea of W nte Ga dens Ruuk uf H tl u ^ a Vr h tectural Cod-

servatories, &c., of various Designs aud Sizes, recently constructed, erected, fitted, and heated complete by us in different parts
of the country ; with particulars jf the most successful Hot-water Heating Apparatus of the century, Post-free on application.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3jd. ;
Twenty-five Copies, 5 5 ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, SOs.

Parcels of not less than twenty-live delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.
Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. BICBAB.DS, 41, WELLINGTON STREBT, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

OcTOBEB 8, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

425

THURSDAY NEXT— Sale No. 7505.

EXTENSIVE IMPORTATIONS OF ORCHIDS.

ME. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Eooms,
.38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, October 13, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. G. T. White, extensive importation of ORCHIDS, in the
anest possible condition, comprising :— ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCA l OREI and 0. TRIUMPHANS,
in quantity: O. NCEVIUil, fine masses; 0. CROGIDIPTERUM, 0. HASTILABIUM, 0. CORO-
NARIUM, 0. LINDEXI, ADA AURANTIACA, a fine lot; ONCIDIUM CUCULLATUM
MAJUS, 0. SUPERBIEXS, 0. SERRATUM, 0. SPECIES, rare ; RESTREPIA ELEGANS,
PHAL.EX0P3IS SCHILLERIANA and P. AMABILIS, fine imported pieces, received in a semi-
established state, with flower-spikes ; some fine semi-established plants of CATTLEYA MENDELII,
from Mr. White's last importation.

On vieia morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

HARTLAND'S

LITTLE BOOK OF DAFFODILS,

OXLIFS AND FBIMBOSES.

Beautifully Illustrated by Gehtrudk Hartland, find unique
as a work of art. The description'* are very accurate, and the
life-sized drawings are admirable subjects to fill in with color,
either now or in the Spring when the flowers are at perfection,
W. B. H. is having a few copies worked in colour which can be
had at OS. tjrf. each copy.

"THE BOOK." Post-free. Is.Gd.

A Duplicate Copy without illustrations, and a General Bulb
List fr.*e to all applicants. These are known as " Iso. One "
and "\o. Two" Lists.

Unsolicited Testimony as to tlie merit of
Edition for 1887 :-

" My thanks for your Little Book for 1887. It is a nice con-
tribution to the history of Cultivated Daffodils, and, as you sav,
will be interesting some day."— F. IT'. Bi'RBIDGE, Tnnihj
College Gardens, Dudlin.

** Mr5. General Saunders presents her compliments to Mr.
Hartland, and thanks him for sending her such splendid Daffo-
dil Bulbs. She is delighted with his Little Book, and considers
the drawings most excellent, both as works of art and for their
being good likenesses of the flowers they are meant to pour-
tray. Pray accept my congratulations to Gertrude Hartland."
— Ardmore, Torquay.

"Sir.— Thank you very much for the charming Daffodil Book
you have sent me. The illustrations are admirable subjects to
color from the descriptions."— .iWr^. PALMES, Nabum Hall,
York.

" Your New List of Daffodils is a credit to the profession."—
WALTEn T. rVABE. Bath.

" Thanks very much for the Lyttle Booke. The engravings
are admirable, and most useful." — Bev. A. RAWA'OA',
Windermere.

",Thank you very much for sending me a copy of your New
Book of Daffodils. It is well got up, and the illustrations are
very good. Surely the public must go in for Daffodils after
this."—/. DAVIDSON, Esq., Chelsea.

" I am much pleased with your new Book of Daffodils, which
is certainly a great credit to you and your niece. It is un-
doubtedlv the best list published by anv Firm. The cuts are
admirable, and so correctly done."— C. /. GBAHAME, Esq.,

"Many thanks for Little Book. Miss Hartland's illustra-
tions are exquisite." — F. W. GILES, Folkestone.

" Your really splendid Book of Daffodils to hand. It is the
best thing of the kind I have yet ^zn."— JOB N^ MAXWELL,
Esq., MaswelltoiL-n, Diimferline.

"Of your Original Little Book of Daffodils I cannot speak
too highly. The dra^vings reflect most highly on the arti-^t. I
ran truly say I have never seen Daffodils so faithfully, so care-
fully executed, or so true to Nature. I like them for this, that
I so well can recognise my friends. Your niece has evidently
got not only an artist's eve. but also an artist's hand, which is
true to Nature."— 0Cr..4'r/f^5 COBDER. Norwich.

" I am very pleasfd with the ' Little Book ' this year. The
drawings by Gsrtrude Hartland are a valuable addition, they
are so very artistic and life-like, and give a much better idea of
the beauty of the flower than is to be got from any of the
usual catalogues, or even from Gardening papers."— H'. W.
^fUNN, Esq., Manchester.

" Your Little Book is excellent. The illustrations admirable,
notablv Bicolor grandis and Bishop Mann."— ijeu. GEOBGE
H. EXGLEHEAUT. Andorer.

'■ Your Book of Daffodils is nio-t useful, and reflects the
highest credit on your niece."— 7?to. C. W. DOD, Crerve.

" I am much obliged for your Book of Daffodils, which I ap-
preciate verv hiKhlv a.s a literary and artistic production." —
SAMUEL W. K'IBKE, Es»/.. The Firs, Waltham.

W. BAYLOR HARTLAND offers the above Testimonials as
received from such very liijih rjuarters, pirticularly from such
good judges and lovers of Daffodils. Bulbs were never finer in
quality, and Orders should be sent in at once.

WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Old Established Seed Warehouse,
24, PATRICK STREET, CORK.

Trial Grounds, Temple Hill, Cork.

TO THE TRADE.

50.000
20.000
10.000
10,000

NABCISSr. DOUBLE WHITE,
.. PHEASANT EYE.
„ HOOP PETTICOAT. GOLDEN'.
„ ,, CITRON (N. bulbocodium citriims).
.. PALLIDUS PR.ECOX (pale ulphur).earlie>to'all.
I ,. MOSCHATUS. pure white, Pyrennean DaHodil,
I ., Double Roman, and many other choice varieties.
CROWN IMPERIAL. Red and Yellow,
CHIONODOXA LUCaLE, 6ne home grown,
,. .. collected.

SARDENSIS.
WINTER ACONITES.
IXIA CRATEROIDES (fine crimson).
SNOWDROPS, Double and Single,
,, Crimean Giant (G. plicatus),
„ Elwes's Giant.
VALLOTA PITKPUREA (in full bloom),
I CROCUS, Yellow, 2nd and 3rd size,
I HYACINTHS, mixed, bedding, fine sample.
Very low offers on application.
Wholesale Bulb CATALOGUE Free by Post.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants.

EXETER STKEET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

•'EMBRACItiC -r r_ C.

FREE BY POST OR RAIL

PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE

JamesDickson&Sons

"NEWTON'^ NURSERIESynrcTFR

ioseastcattst BiM

pUTBUSH'S MILL-

\J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price. 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, withoursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
^ (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Hinhjrate Nurseries. N.

15,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LE.ADING VARIETIES,

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by
anv in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on
application. ^\^^^ ^^ ^^^ .j.^.^^^ ^„ application.

THE LIVERPOOL HOBTICULTUBAL CO.

(JOHN cuWANi, Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON,

NE.AR Ln'EKPOOL.

Grandest Violet ever Offered.
]\,IR. J. CHAMBERS, ^^'estlake Nurseries,

XtX Isleworth. London. W., is now pending out his New
Double VIOLET " VICTORIA." Strong Plants, full of flower-
buds, at Is. 6rf. each, or 18s. per dozen, free bv post. All orders
to be accompanied with remittance. Trade price on application.
First-classCertificate Royal Horticultural Society. April 12. 1 8*7.

OTRAWBERRIES EXTRAORDINARY. —

*--J As wo knew they would, our MONSTROSITY and
CURIOSITY STRAWBERRIES have given unbounded satis-
faction. One customer says, from List year's runners he had
fruit quite equal to illustrations. This season our RITNNLRS
even are carrying a crop of good sized fruit, and second to none
in quality. CURIOSITY should be in every collection, .is. f er
dozen ; carriage paid, cash with order. Ordinary v.ariel if s,
as. per 100. or a 100 Collection, including one each Moustrcsity
and Curiosity, at 4s. New CATALOflUE free.

VICCARS COLLYER and CO.. Central Hall. Leic ■'f.T.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

PVEK GREEN HEULtES.

-L^ The three best Shrubs for forming Hedges : —
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet. 6s. per dozen, 30s. per 100.
YEWS. English. 2 to 2J feet. 8s. per dozen. .'iOs. per lULl ; 2J to

3 feet. 10s. per dozen, 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 1 feet, 18s. per

dozen, 130s. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, IJ to 2 feet, 5s. per dozen, 30s. per 100 ; 2 to

2i feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2J to 3 feet, 12s. per

dozen, 75s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

,TOHN PERKLNS ixD SON, Billing Road Nurseries,
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address— " QUICK." NORTHAMPTON.

pARNATION, " PAUL ENGLEHEART."—

\J New Crimson Clove, perfectly hardy, free flowering,
fine rich colour, remarkably fragrant,

REQUIRES NO STICKS.
See Gardeners' Chronicle, Oct. 1. 1887, p. 409. Gilbert David-
son, having acquired from the Rev. G. H. Engleheart the entire
stock of this line and useful border Carnation, is prepared to
Book Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
requested. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict
rotation, at 2s. 6rf. each, 24s. per dozen.

GILBERT DAVIDSON, Wernoleu. Ammanford, R.S.O..
Carmarthenshire, S. Wales.

p H 13 A P O F F E r".

V^ AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, fine bushy plants. 10 to

25 buds. 8s. to 9s. per dozen. 50s. to 60s. per 100.
RHODODENDRONS, seedlings, from the very best scarlets,
9 to 12 inches, bushy, 20s. per 100.

The above are fine stuff, and are offered at a low rate, being
on ground that must be cleared for building purposes.

Our New General CATALOGUE for the present season is
now ready, and will be sent to any address on application.

ISAAC DA VIES and SON, Nurserymen, Ormskirk, near
Liverpool.

Carpet-bedding Plants.

FOR SALE. — IMMEDIATE DELIVERY.
40,000 ECHEVERIA SECUNDA GLAUCA,
20,000 KLELXIA EEPENS,
and other CARPET-BEDDING PLANTS in variety.
Price per 100, 1000. 6.000. 10,000. or 20,000
On application to
JOHN ROBERTS, The Gardens. Tan-y-Bwlch, R.S.O.,
North Wales.

QPECIAL OFFER to the English Trade of

O 100,000 INTIIAN AZALEAS, from 50s.. 70s., SOs., lOOs.,
120s.. to 200s. per 100.

AZALEA MOLLIS. GHENT AZALEAS. RHODODEN-
DRONS. CAMELLIAS. FERNS. PALMS, for Table and Gen-
eral Decoration. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA. SPIR;E4S,
LILY OF THE VALLEY, and various other Plants for forcing.
All at very moderate charges.

Whole5,Tle CATALOGUE, free on application, from
A. VAN GEERT. Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

MALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the

• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties). EPACRIS. SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS. CYCLAMENS. BOUVARDIAS. ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM and other FERNS. GARDENIAS, SIE-
PHANOTIS. FICUS ELASTICA. CROTONS. GREVFLLEAS.
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

NOW READ Y.—

WHITE IRIS ANGLICA, THE BRIDE.
WHITE GLADIOLUS, THE BRIDE,
WHITE ANEMONE, THE BRIDE.
All very effective whit« flowers, for Cutting or Decorative

100 splendid roots of each of the above mentioned " Brides,"
may be had free per Parcel Post on receipt of P.O.O. for 20s.
payable at Overveen, Haarlem.

GEBROEDERS ROOZEN, Bulb Growers, Overveen,
Haarlem, Holland. ^

Special quotations for larger quantities of any of the above.
Descriptive LIST of all kinds of Bulbs and Bulbous Plants may
be had free on prepaid application.

Package free ; free at home.

No T I C E .

6.000 VICTORIA PLUMS, 3 and 4-yr.. fine stuff.
5.000 GAGES and other varieties. 3 and 4-yr., tine.
2,000 tr.nined PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRICOTS.
These are splendid Trees. Will he sold cheap, to clear
ground, for ca*h. Samples and prices on application.

ELSDON ASD CO.. The Vineries, Milton. Combs.

ORD'S CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.—

Highest awards wherever exhibited. Undoubtedly 1 he
.soundest stock extant. My Selection, 6s. per dozen. Al-n
liberal Collections at lOs., i.5s., 20s.. and :i()s. Carriago paid
for cash.

NEW PICOTEE "MRS. SH.UIP."— The finest heavy s.nrlpt
edge ever offered. Catalogue post-free.

ROBERT LORD, Hole Bottom, Todmorden.

426

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBEE 8, 1887.

Early Orders secure the Best Bulbs:

CARTERS'

NAMED

HYACINTHS,

FOR

BEDS AND RIBBON BORDERS,

THE PICK OF Tin: WOULD,

AT REMARKABLY LOW PRICES.

Carters' Bright Crimson .

. 15

100.

rf.
0

Per

s

loz.
d.

3

Carters' Deep Rose

. 16

0

2

6

Carters' Light Rose

. 16

0

2

6

Carters' Rich Purple

. 15

0

2

3

Carters' Dark Blue

. 15

0

2

3

Carters' Light Blue

. 16

0

2

6

Carters" Pure White

. 24

0

3

6

Carters' White-Tinted .

. SI

0

3

0

Carters' Canaiy Yellow.

24

0

3

6

ALL SEXT CARM.IO

E FllEE.

-Fj;

ILLISTUATEU CATALOG I

HE

Seedsmen by Royal Commands to H M. the Queen
and H.R.H. -tlie Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

BOUVARDIAS.— A large stock, in 5 and (>-in.
pots. 9s. to 1.5s. per doz. The finest plants ever ottered at the
p-ice. Will EXCHANGE for sound El'CHARLS Bulbs.— A.J. A.
B-IUOE, Nurseryman. Chorlton-cum-Hardy. Manchester.

APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS,

CHERRIES,
APRICOTS, PEACHES,

And other FRUIT TREES,

t.wstli/ tn fuU beririnq.

Magnificent Trees. Certainly
unsurpassed.

NOW IS THE TIME TO SELECT.
Imptction invited. Cataloptes free.

<sGHESTE^^

TTICCARS COLLYER and CO.'S

V Autumn CATALOGl^E now ready, gratis and post-
free. Bulb* tor Present Planting, all carriage paid :—

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, for forcing, selected
I'lr-t size bulbi, 1.S-. 9d. per dozen, lis. jer K)0. PAPER
WHITE and DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS for forcing.
iiu.- -.■k-.;ted bulbs. Ij. 6d. doz., 10s. 6<f. 100. HYACINTHS,

I '-t mixed, all colours, Ix. 9rf. and 2s. per dozen,

Us ■;./. iind Hi.lW. per 100. TULIl'S in splendid mixture.
■ill colours. M. doz.. 3s. lOo. NARCISSUS OBVALLAHIS
(llio True Tenby D.iffodil), monster home-grown bulbi.
mo-t valuable for cutting and early forcing. Is. Sd. and
Is. td. per dozen. 9i. ni,d lUs.6rf. p^r 100. HYACINTHS,
ch'iice eihibition varieties. 4«. 6d.. lis. tW., and 7s. H. l)er
d.jzen. CROCUS, superb miied. all colours. Is per 100, (Is.
iieriooo. NARCISSUS POETICUS, purewhite, red crovMi,
verv fragrant, excellent for cutting. Inree home-grown
'.n'bs. M. per doz-n. .5s. per lOii. IRIS PSEUDO-ACORUS
'Y,-row Flag), pood si-oiig plant-*. 4d. each. as. per dozen.
IiVFFOnrLS. single fl..iverii,p M. per dozen. 3s. I»r 100.
DAFFODILS, the ohM.inhl..M.|li,„. M.perdoz., is.td. lOJ.
STRAWBERRIES.

I.RADIN'n SORTS (n- Cutalogii.-d) at St. per 100; or a
■ ..'!•■. ! 01 of lUO ordinary sorN. with one earh Monrtro-jty
mil r,ir,o-it>. 4s. Oarriaeefree. Cish with order.

CENTRAL HALL. saVER STREET, LEICESTER.

Talfjjramt — " Ctmtrai, Leicester."

THE FINEST DISPLAYS Of HYACINTHS

are to be obtained by Planting
early in October.

The Best Varieties are

SUTTON'S

INIMITABLE

Bedding Hyacinths

{Vide Testimouial below).

"My show of Inimitable Hyacinths this spring from
bulbs bought from you was truly magnificent. Their
flowering was simultaueous; not a single failure. Fe^
who saw them would believe that they were really grown
out^of-doar.s, and mauy insisted that they had been removed
from the greenhouse for the occasion, whereas they were
planted out-of-doors on the 9th of October, 6 inches
deep, and never had the slightest shelter all through the
severe winter."— W. WORMALD, Esq., Hassocks.

PRICES:—

Sutton's Inimitable Scarlet. Dark
Rose. Light Rose, Blue, Light Blue,
and Dark Blue, per doz., 53. 6d ;
per 100, 403.

Sutton's Inimitable Pure White, per
doz., 7s. 6d. ; per 100. 553 Sutton's
Inimitable Tinted White, per doz.'
Cs. ; per 100, 418.

UTTON'SBULB!

'GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing "Hints on Feni

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 speeies and varieties,

including Descriptive "List of New, Rajie, and

Choice Ferns," and " Haedt Nobth American Ferns,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

SPECIALTIES.

TEA-SCENTED ROSES, CLEMATIS,
RHODODENDRONS and HOLLIES.

Now is the time for Planting the above.

Descriptive Priced CATALOGUES, with
lowest Wholesale and Retail Prices, on applica-
tion to

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,
KING'S AGUE NURSERIES, HEREFORD.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the Ijest New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36*. per dozen.
liescriptivp Lixt free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

IER<^EY FRUIT TREES.

U E^ r\ O C I Cirriape Paid. Cordons a sptoolit*.
Write for Illustrated Citilofues to .JOSHUA LE COFNU
i»D SO.".'. Hiph ViBW Nur«»ries. who will v.nd. cairla^e
f.ii 1 for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 218.
luu-ly orders secure ext>ra eftroug piouta.

VEITCH'S

NAMED

HYACINTHS

FOR BEDS AND BORDERS.

Produce Large Trusses of Bloom, and are
uniform in height and time of flowering.

All of finest qualiti/, at Ic

we

00.
d.

6

?/ 2)rices.

BRIGHT BLUE

Per]
. 12

Per doz.

«. d.

..19

DARK BLUE . .

. 13

6

..19

LILAC ..

. 15

0

.23

CRIMSON

. 15

0

.23

BRIGHT RED

, 15

0

.2 3

PINK . .

17

6

.2 6

PURE WHITE

22

6

.30

•WHITE-TINTED

22

6

.30

YELLOW

21

0

..3 0

For other Bulbs/or Forcing.
Cataloging, forwarded gratis an

Fot Culture, o
i post free on

Planting, see
ipplicaiwn.

JAMES-- VEiICH-& SONS,

Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W.

pui^TiNO Season

^ UnSEQUALLED FOR
"QUALITY"

"VA.RIETY"
& "EXTENT."

PRICED CATALOGUES & ALL
PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION.

"James Dickson & Sons"

"EWTON" Nurseries,

EARLY WHITE

ROMAN HYACINTHS.
O

UR LARGE CONSIGNMENTS

of ROJIilN HYACINTHS. PAPER WHITE NAR-
CISSUS, &c.. are to hand in splendid condition, and
we have luuch pleasure in offering fiue picked Bulbs

a free :-

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, extra line roots, 2s. per

.li./.'ij. l.'is- l"'r liin llii. ii.T 11100.

■WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, ordinary sized roots,

Iv. VJ. |..r .l../eH. IJ':. ii.T lifu. 110s, p.-r 1000.

NARCISSUS, Paper White, -ri^'H'ii'i 'or forcing, u.M.

p.-r 1'.

.Ill/

l.'n- |..-r MO.

NARCISSUS. Double Roman, fine roots. Is. M. par

il.iz.'ii. UK. 61. p -r 100. 90.<. per 1000.
Our li.-iiutitiillv Ill.Htritel CATALOniTE (61 pages
imiiiTiiil size) ot ilvacinths. Tulips. Kiircissi. Lilies. Fruit
Tr-os. Roses. &.'., 'is now ready, and -hoiild be read by all
intending purchasers before making their selection.

DANIELS BROS.,

ROYAt NORFOLK SEF.D ESTABLISHMENT.

NORWICH.

OcTOEEB 8, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

427

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

I have pleasure in announcing that the
NEW BtTLB CATALOGUE, in two parts, is
now ready, and is perhaps the most complete
Bulb Catalogue ever published — no Hardy or
Forcing Bulb claiming any real usefulness is
omitted ; the Catalogue is Illustrated with
several New Engravings. Copies may be had
upon application.

NARCISSUS and DAFFODILS,

for which the Tottenham House has a world-
wide reputation amongst both Trade and Retail
Buyers, occupy a considerable portion of this
Catalogue — including an almost innumerable
number of forms from the old popular garden
sorts to the most modern hybrids, as well as
many newly discovered varieties. It is necessary
that Orders for these should reach me early,
as the demand is very great.

LILIES.

It is scarcely necessary to remind readers
ot this Journal that I have one of the finest
Collections in the country, and this portion of the
Catalogue will be found of special interest to all
who delight in any of the many and very varied
forms of this interesting family. This section is
embellished with many high-class Engravings,
now introduced for the first time ; and these,
although naturally much reduced, give a most
correct idea of the style both of growth and
flower, of the Lilies they illustrate.

DUTCH BULBS

have not been neglected in this New Catalogue,
and most complete collections of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, &c., occupy several pages.
All the varieties offered are tried sorts, and the
prices in many cases unusually low.

FORCING BULBS

will be found fully detailed at competitive prices,
including ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER
WHITE NARCISSUS, LILY of the VALLEY',
SPIR^AS, TUBEROSES, &c.

IRIS

in endless variety, ^'ery extensive collections of
English, Spanish, Siberian, German, Japanese,
and other forms : my collection of these is very
complete.

CALIFORNIAN, CAPE, AND
MEXICAN BULBS.

Very extensive Lists of these, including
CALOCHORTUS and CYCLOBOTHRA,
AilARYLLIS, MILLAS, NERINES, &c.

HELLEBORES.

A very grand Collection, in many showy use-
ful varieties. All fine home-grown stuff.

Catalogue may he had gratuitously and
j)ost-free upon application.

Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

ANTHONY WATERER

IiiviU-aau m-ii^Tti,,]! fiuin intentiing Plauters

N U RSE R Y "STOC K,

uhich may be Been at Iii^ Nursery, Knap Hill,
'near Woking Station :—
ABIES CANADENSIS, Hemlock Spruce. 6 to 8 feel.

„ DOUGLASII. 5 to 10 feet.

„ DOUGLASII GLAUCA, 4 to .I feet.

,. HOOKERIANA or PATTONIANA, 3 to 5 feet.

,. ORIENTALiS, 4. 6 to 10 feet.

.. PARRYANA.UtoSfeet.

.. GLAUCA (the Blue Spruce), 1 J lo 3 feot, all from 6eed.
CEDRUS ATLANTICA, 4 to 6 feet,

„ ATLANTICA GLAUCA, 3 to 7 feet.

„ DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet.

.. LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanonl, 4 to 6 feet.
CUPRESSUS LAVVSONIANA ERECTTA VIRIDIS, 3 to 8 feet.

„ „ LUTEA. 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPER, Chinese, 10 to 12 feet.

,, Golden, 3 to 8 feet.

„ VrRGINIANA GLAUCA. 5 to 7 feet.
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 6 feet.

„ GRANDIS, 4 to 9 feet.

„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 8 feet,

„ MAGNIFICA. 2 to4feet.

„ NORDMANNIANA, 4 to 10 feel;.
PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3 to 5 feet.

,. CEMBRA, 3 to 8 feet.

„ MACROC.ARPA, 4 toSfeet.
RETINOSPORA PISIFERA AUREA, 3 to6 feet,
SPRUCE FIR, 3 to 8 feet.
THUIOPSIS BOREAXIS, 3 to 4 feet.

,, DOLABRATA. 3, 4, aid 6 feet.
THUIA OCCIDENTALIS (American Arbor-vitoe), 3to i feet.

„ LUTEA (Golden), 3 to 6 feet.
YEWS, Common, 3, 4, and 5 feet, thousands; 6 to 16 feet

,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet.

We have a large quantity of Pyiamids, Globes, and
Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled.

„ Golden, seedlings, 3, 4, 6, to 8 feet.

,, Irish, .5 to 10 feet.

., .. Golden. 3 to 5 feet.
AZALEAS, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5feet.

,, MOLLIS, seedlings and named varieties.
RHODODENDRONS, 2, 3, 4, h, 6, 8, to 10 feet ; thwsands of
finer plauts than can be found in any other iurt,ery.

(^ The Rhododendrons and Azaleas in Rotten Row
and at the Royal Botanic Gardens. Regent"! Park, are
supplied bv Anthonv Waterer.
AUCUBA JAPONiCA, 2J to 4 feet.
BAMBUSA METAKE, fine clumps, 6 to 7 feet.
BOX. green and variegated. 3, 4, o, to 8 feet,
HOLLIKS, Common Green, 3, 4, .=i, up to 10 feet.

„ ALTACLARENSE, \

„ HODGINS; (

„ LAURIFOLIA, > 3, 4, 5, up to 10 feet,

„ SIYRTIFOLIA, I

„ SCOTTICA ; ,

,, Yellow-berried and other sorts. i

,, Variegated,of sorts, 3.4,. 5uptol0feet. [fulspecimens.

,, Golden Queen, 3. 4. 5, 6, 7 to 10 feet, huudrediof beauti-

,, Silver Queen, 4 to 10 feet, splendid specimens. I

„ Weeping, Perry's, on straight stems, with helds of ten
to fifteen years' growth ; NewGolden.alarglquantity
of beautiful plants.

The following trees have stout, straightstems,fine Heads, and
splendid roots.and have all been transplanted wi thin twyears; —
ACACIA BESSONIANA. 6 to 12 feet. i

., SEMPERFLORENS, 12 to 14 feet,
ACERDASYCARPU.M. 12fol6feet.

„ ,. WIERIILACINIATA, intol2feet.

„ NEGIINDO VARIEGATA, Standards, 8 to 10 ftet.

„ LEOPOLDII. 12tol4feet. !

„ REITENBACHn, 8 to 12 feet, 1

„ SCHWEDLERII, 12 to 16 feet. |

„ WORLEYII. Standards, 12 to 14 feet. 1

ASH. Mountain. 10 to 14 feet.
BEECH, Common. 10 to 12 feet. I

,, Purple. PjTamlds and Standards, 9 to 16 feet.
BIRCH, Purple, 14 to 1.5 feet.

.. Silver. 12 to 16 feet.
CHESTNUT. Horse, 14 to 16 feet.

„ Double White, 10 to 12 feet.

,, Scarlet. 12 to 16 feet.

,, Spanish, 12 feet,
ELMS. English, 10 to 12 feet.

,, Guernsey. 12 feet.
LIMES, 10 to 16 feet.

,, Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet.
LIQUIDAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet.
MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet.
OAK, English, 10 to 14 feet.

,, Scarlet American, 12 to 14 f"et.
PLANES. English-grown, 12 to 16 f 'et. [Anthony Caterer.

The Plane-s on the Thames Emuankment were sufblied by
POPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet.

„ CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16teet.
SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 10 feet.

„ Purple, 14 to 16 feet.
THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet.

„ White, 8 to 10 feet.

„ Sinirle White. 8 to lOfeet.
WALNUTS, Common. U) to 12 f.-et^

WEEPING TREES.

BEECH. Weeping, Pyramid" ami Standards, 8 to 12 f.

„ Weeping Purple. Pyramids ana Standards, 7 I
BIRCH, Y'uung's Weepini>, Pyr;iniidsaud Standard;-, „ „
ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet
LARCH, Weeping, Pyramids, 6 to 10 feet.
OAK, Weeping EngliA. Standards, 10 to 12 feet.
POPLAR, Weeping. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 12
SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDULA, Standards. 8 to 9 fi^t.

Waddesdcn Manor, Baron F. DE Rothschild's
extensive and-snccessfully planted place in- England, hi bee
supplied principally from the Knap Hill Nursery.

KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY

No-w ready. In cloth, lis. 6d,
rpKE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J- Vol. I.. Third Seriee, JAN. to JUNE. 1887.

W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

NEW EDITION,
Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price Zd., Post-free ^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1887.

THE DOUGLAS FIE.

THE subjoined extract, taken from the Perth-
shire Constitutional, is of special interest to
planters, and it will be a matter for complacency
to those who, like ourselves, have persistently
advocated the claims of this tree, not only for
ornamental but for economic purposes. Our suc-
cessors, if not we ourselves, may experience a
like pleasure when Thuia gigantea, T. borealis,
Abies Nordmanniana, A. brachyphylla, and some
of the at present little known Japanese Conifers,
figured and described in these columns, take
their place as timber trees, as we believe they will
in suitable situations, in this country. It is
hardly to be i xpected, in the present state of the
timber trade, that private individuals will care to
incur any great outlay, but many of our great
landowners might be expected to institute experi-
mental plantations. Few things, indeed, are
more dispiriting than the ignorance that prevails
among foresters and timber merchantj as to
the nature and extent of the resources available
to them. The need for a properly equipped
Forest School, either as a separate institution or in
connection with a School of Agriculture . and
Gardening, forces itself under our notice almost
daily. As routine practitioners we can hold our
own or surpass our neighbours and competitors ;
but in these days mere routine, however excel-
lent, is not sufficient to insure maintenance,
much less progress.

" There is now an operation in ]>rogress at Tay-
aiount that is specially worthy of the attention of
landed proprietors, foresters, timber merchants, and
all interested in arboriculture, being the thinning for
the first time in Scotland, if not in Great Britain, of
a plantation composed entirely of Abies Doi;glasii.
Even those who have but a very limited knowledge
of trees liave been struck " ith the remarkably rapid
growth of this variety of Fir, whidi stretches away
from the Larch — hitherto regarded as the quickest
growing timber tree in Scotland — in a most astonish-

428

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBEE 8, 1887.

iniy way. Perhaps the best specimens of Abies
Dou^lasii are to be found at Lynedoch and Scone,
where they were planted in 1.S34, and some of which
have already attained a height of over 90 feet, with
a girth of about 10 feet. All over the country, how-
ever, there are to be found individual specimens
scattered throughout policy grounds, or planted in
the woods with other varieties ; but generally they
have only been regarded as beautiful ornamental
tre •.«. and little attempt has been made to rear them
parely for timber purposes.

'■ It has been left to Mr. William M'Cofquodale,
t le father of forestry in Scotland, to make the experi-
m nt of growing them solely for timber, and from
t le success which has alrealy attended it there is no
doubt that the Abies Douglasii is destined to change
the character of the woodlands of this country. The
tree was sent home by Douglas, the well-known
botanist, and a native of Scone, about the year 1830.
It is a native of California, where it grows to the
enormous height of 300 feet, the timber being supe-
rior to the best red deal. In the pinetum, and also
in the woods of Scotland, the new tree showed such
a wonderful adaptabilitv to the climate of this
country, that, with the permission of Lord Mans-
field, Mr. M'Corquodale. who this year reaches his
jjbilee as forester on his Lordship's estates, deter-
mined to test it as a plantation tree.

"For this purpose atriangular piece of land,8acres
in extent, was cut off the farm of Taymonnt, near
Stan'ey, and planted in the spring of 1860 with
Abi s Douglasii as a permanent crop. The soil is
moorish in character, with a retentive till subsoil.
The plants were reared in Logiealmond nursery,
being two years seedlings and two years transplanted
before being planted out. The plantation was
enclosed with an upright jialing, proof against game,
bu' the land did not require draining. The young
tr^'es were plauted in lines 9 feet wide, and having
9 feet between each tree in the line. Larch nurses
were placed between each tree, a row of Larches
being also placed between the lines as nurses. From
the. first, the trees took kindly to their new situ-
atioi. and speedily shot au-ay from their nurses.
About five years after the plantation had been laid
down, the border ne.\t the Highland Railway caught
fire, futwas extinguished before much dam.ige was
done, — the fire originating in the dry grass beneath
the trees. To avoid the possible destruction of the
plantation by sparks from passing engines, square
ditches were formed along the side next the railway
— the earth being turned over so as to confine any
fire that might arise to the square where it origin-
ated. Frequently these squares have caught fire,
but, thanks to the measures taken, comparativelv
little damage was done.

'• The Larches were gradually thinned out as they
were found to interfere with the Douglasii, and by the
time that the plantation was seventeen or eighteen
years old all the Larches had disappeared, and since
fien the plantation has been solely composed of
Douglasii — the first purely Douglasii plantation, it is
believed, in the country. Observant travellers on the
Highland Eailway could scarcely fail to notice the
distinct difference which this plantation makes on
the landscape on the west side of the line, about
1 mile north of Stanley. The sombre green of
the Scots Fir, the bright needles of the Spruce,
and the light tresses of the Larch in the sur-
rounding district, beautiful as they undoubtedly are,
are completely thrown in the shade by the soft
emerald of the Douglas Fir, lighted up, as it were, by
patches of burnished silver that glitter brilliantly in
the sunlight. Since the nurses were removed the
plantation has been allowed to grow without inter-
ference, and the trees have developed all that grace-
fulness of form and beauty of foliage which are so
greatly admired in the single examples to be seen
in the pinetum or policies. Many of the trees are of
great sI/.h. for their age of only twenty-seven years.
The best of the trees reach a height of about 70 feet,
and girth 6 feet 2 inches at 1 foot from the ground,
h feet 3 inches at 3 feet, and 5 feet 3 inches at
5 feet.

" The trees have now grown to such an extent that
a general thinning became necessary. The operation
was begun in the course of the summer, and is just
being completed, the wood (600 poles) to be disposed
of by private offer. The trees have been trimmed,
and classified into four different sizes. The first-
class, or largest timber, is suitable for fencing,
temporary sleepers, and for mining purposes. This
class comprises a lot of very fine timber, averaging
about 35 feet in length, with about 3-inch diameter
at the small end. The second-class lots are fit for
fencing and mining purposes; the third-class lots are
fit for pit-wood and fencing ; and the fourth-class
lots are suitable for pit-wood.

" As to the quality of the Abies Douglasii gronm
in Scotland, it has already been pretty well tested.
Field gates, posts, and strainers have been made from
this timber with the most satisfactory results, and it
has been extensively used for wire-fencing, Wire-
fencing posts from this wood have been in use on
the Scone estate for about eleven years, and are still
wearing well, although they were cut from blown
trees only seventeen years oid. The posts stand the
driving into the ground better than Larch, even
although they had been previously exposed to wet
weather. With such high quality as this, the tree is
sure to come into demand as it becomes mature ; and
as it grjws three times quicker than Larch it is
pretty certain to commend itself to landlords as a
remunerative crop. There are specimens of Abies
Douglas i at Lynedoch, fifty years of age, measuring
150 cubi; feet of timber, and as Larch at the same
age rarey contains more than 1 cubic foot of timber
for eachyear of its existence, it is not unlikely that the
Abies Douglasii will gradually supplant the Larch as
the most profitable of our soft-wooded forest trees.
The timoer now lying out in Taymonnt plantation is
all thoroughly sound at heart, and even at this early
age it forms beautiful red wood.

" Another great advantage- this wood has over
other varieties is that it has no disease or injurious
insect peculiar to itself, such as is the case with Larch,
Spruce, snd Silver Fir. Advantage is being taken of
the thinning out to prune all the tiers of dead
br.inches oft' the trees for the permanent crop with
the saw and as light and air will now be able to
play fretly throughout the whole plantation, the trees
are consequently expected to make even greater pro-
gress.

"As illustrating the opinion held of this tree on
the Scene estates, it may be mentioned that several
other phntations of Abies Douglasii have been laid
down wer.the property within the past few vears,
extendiig altogether to about 80 acres."

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CYPRIPEDIUM HORNIANUM x, h,/b. artif.
Vindob.

Thii is a cross between Cypripedium superbiens
and &)icerianum, made by Mr. F. Horn, the Orchid
growe- of Baron Nathaniel von Rothschild, at Hohe-
Wartf. near Vienna. It is very short and strong, as
I lean. Leaves of Cypripedium sujierbiens ( Veitch-
ianuni), very pallid, with pallid transverse inter-
ruptet bars. Flower as large as that of a good
Cypri)edium Spicerianum. Peduncle ochre, with
reddiii-purple stripes, hairy. Bract shorter than
the lairy ochre-coloured ovary. Upper sepal quite
formel as in Cypripedium Spicerianum, white, with a
dark lurple midline, yellowish-green at the base, with
a few lines of nearly microscopical dark blackish-
purpl' spots. Petals a little bent downwards, as in
Cyprpedium superbiens, a little undulate on the outer
margn, lightest greenish, by lightest white-purple on
the nargins. The midvein is covered with numerous
blachsh-purple spots, on each side there are six such
rowsand innumerable similar spots scattered every-
whee. Lower sepals elliptic acute, half as short as the
lip. Lip much in the way of that of Cypripedium Spice-
rianim, though the shoe is longer, making a conces-
sionio C^ripedium superbiens ; it is purple-brown.

Staminode emarginate outsi de, dilatate, retuse, with an
apiculus. Borders white, disc purple, with two dendroid
green signs. I congratulate Mr. F. Horn on his lovely
production. H. G. Bchb.f.

L.ELIA TIMOEAXX.

This beautiful hybrid is another of Mr. Seden's
productions, raised from Laelia pumila var. Dayana,
fertilised with the pollen of Cattleya labiata var.
Luddemanniana. The plant is somewhat inter-
mediate between the two, having stems at present
3 inches high, bearing each one linear-oblong leaf
about 5 inches long, but probably these dimensions
will increase as the plant developes. The flower is
about the same size and shape as that of L. prsstans,
but the petals and lips are more wavy, and the colour
of the sepals and petals lighter, being of a delicate
rosy-lilac, the sepals are oblong acute, the petals
more than twice as broad, ovate obtuse, with a small
apiculus, and nicely undulated. The lip is entire
with the sides closely wrapped round the column,
and broadly bordered with light rosy-purple fading
into white beneath ; the front part is much frilled
and denticulate on the margin, and notched at the
apex ; the colour is rich deep purple ; a broad purple
median line runs down the centre of the tube, which
is sulphur-white on each side of the mouth, and is
entirely without keels on the disc. The column is white
with a purple apiculus (anther-stalk), and a purple
margin to the stigma ; the anther is white and con-
tains eight pollen masses, but four of them are very
small, and almost aborted, which is probably due to
the influence of its Cattleya parent, though why
Cattleya and Lielia were ever erected into distinct
genera, and retained as such at the present day, is to
me an immense puzzle. N. E. Brown.

Tridax bicolob vak. rosea.
We owe to the kindness of Mr. Thompson, of
Ipswich, the receipt of specimens of a new half hardy
plant, or hardy annual. It is a Composite, native of
Mexico, of dwarf habit, with small stalked ovate
leaves, thinly beset with glandular hairs, and solitary
flower-heads nearly 2 inches across, and borne on a
long erect stalk ; the broad ray-florets are of a pale
rosy-lilac, the disc yellow. We shall say no more
concerning the plant on this occasion, as we hope
shortly to give an illustration of this — one of the
prettiest novelties of its class that we have seen for
some time.

THEOPHRASTA JUSSLEI.

The accompanying illustration (fig. 90) represents a
raceme of flowers, and a portion of a leaf of a stately
stove plant, which, as I am informed by Mr. J. Smith
A.L.S., the veteran ex-curator of the Royal Gardens,
Kew, was purchased in 1834, when Colville's nursery
was broken up. Mr. Smith writes " It was knocked
down to me at £4. It was 2} to 3 feet high, and was
then, as I believe it is now, the only specimen in
Europe. It had been introduced some years pre-
viously by Mr. Lambert — I think he told me from
San Domingo — and through some arrangement with
him, became the ])roperty of Mr. Colville." Mr.
Smith is mistaken in supposing the Kew specimen
unique in Europe, for Mr. Watson informs me there
is one of similar size in the Botanic Gardens at
Amsterdam, and one exists at Eisgrub Schloss, in
Moravia.

The genus Theophrasta was formerly considered
to belong to a distinct natural order, Theophras-
tacese, but this is now regarded by Bentham and
Hooker as a tribe of Myrsineie. The only species is
the one here mentioned, the plant sent out by Linden,
under the name of T. imperialis having been deter-
mined to be Chrysophylhmi imperiale. The Kew
specimen is 14 feet in height, and has a tall, some-
what slender, naked, unbranched stem, some 12 feet
high, the rigid dark green leaves clothing the upper
portion ; the racemes of dirty white flowers spring
from the axils of the upper leaves. The species is a
native of San Domingo, where it is known as Le
Petit Coco. G. Nic>!o/son.

OcTorEn 8. 1887.]

TBI!: GAlibENEl?S' CUB ONI CLE.

k2^

A MONTH AT THE CAPE.

(Continued pom p. 332 J
OLDENBURGHiAATinuscuLA. — This remarkable Com-
posite is common on tjie Grahamstown liijls. It is a
handsome slirub, not unlilie a larp:e Rhododendron
Nuttallii in habit and foliage. It is largest and
healthiest on the highest and most exposed hills,
where there is little soil, the roots running between
the stones and down crevices in the rocks. Miss

Burchdlia capotsis in great plenty. It is common
all round Grahamstown, and was flowering profusely
at the time of my visit. The Kaffirs turn an honest
penny by gathering branches of wild flowers when
going into the towns to sell to the colonists, and the
Burchellia is stripped of its flowers for this purpose.
Few gardeners know tliis handsome old shrub,
although it has been known in English horticulture
about as long as any Cape plant we have. It is not
unlike a large Ixora, and bears compact heads of

Fig. 90.— tbeotheasta JtTssi.l3i : ploweks tvhitish. (see p. 428.)

North painted a picture of this plant on these hills,
and it may be seen in the " North " Gallery at Kew
(No. 408). The plant is unknown in English gar-
dens I believe, although it was at Kew a few j'ears
ago. From a few seeds which I brought home we
have raised a batch of young plants. Although a
free and abundant flowerer, its great heads, a foot
across, and composed of a mass of purple flowers,
being plentiful enough, yet it is only rarely that
sefds are ripened. We had to search over a great
many heads to find about a dozen seeds, maggots having
been before us and e.iten almost every seed. The
same thing happens to the seeds of Proteas and many
Irids. On the same hills, but lower down, we fouiul

scarlet tubular flowers. It is easily managed if
treated as a warm greenhouse plant. |

Prionmm Palmila, the Palmiet of the Boers, is
plentiful in the streams and small rivers ibout
Grahamstown. In one place, called Howiison's
Poort, there is a river called the Palmiet Ri\er, I
belieA'e on account of the abundance of this jlant
found in it. It was so thick that we could elsily
walk across the river by treading on its stems, wlich
are procumbent, thick and woody, and form a dJnse
mass like the rhizomes of an Iris. The stems oithe
Prionium are, however, as thick as one's arm.
The leaves are tufted, not unlike those of a Pandabus.
about .3 feet long, erect, sword-shaped, channUled

and glaucous-green. The plant is a member
of the Rush family, and is very interesting botanically,
tliough not known as a garden plant. To me this
'■find" was specially interesting. Living examples
of it are at Kew, but we had always treated it as we
do a Dracaena. On my return I submerged its pot
in the Water Lily tank, which has resulted in its
assuming its native vigour and appearance, and it is
now a good example of what the Palmiet is in the
African rivers. On the same day we met with large
trees of Ficus Sycomorus (the Sycomore of the
Bible), with its great bunches of fruit growing
directly out of the trunk and thickest branches. I was
told tliat monkeys and birds are very fond of these
fruits ; they are about the size of the ordinary Fig,
and are yellowish when ripe. I tasted one, but was
not tempted to try more. The appearance of this
tree, which is common along the roadsides and in
moist places, was very peculiar, hundreds of fruits
hanging in one cluster from a trunk I foot or more
in diameter.

Gomphocai-piis, including the section Pachycarpus,
was represented by numerous species, the commonest
being G. fruticosus, which is a tall herb with long
Willow-like foliage, and axillary clusters of Hoya-
like flowers. These are succeeded by large green
bladdery fruits covered with soft fleshy hairs. They
burst with a report wlien pressed. Some plants in
fruit may now be seen at Kew. Smaller kinds were
in flower and seed, the fruit (a follicle) always large
and containing a great number of seeds.

Fachijcarpus species are dwarf fleshy stemmed
plants, bearing large flowers, in some cases \h inch
across, not unlike a Stapelia, and coloured yellow
and brown. These plants are both handsome and
interesting enough to deserve a place here among
greenhouse favourites. They are found only on the
tops of the highest hills. P. grandiflorus is repre-
sented in the " North " Gallery (No. 385). Young
plants of most of these plants are now at Kew.

Pachi/pocUicm resembles some of the Gomphocarpi
but belongs to the Dogbanes. It has enormous fleshy
root-stocks, like those of Mangels, which penetrate
deeply in between large stones, and are very difficult
to dislodge intact. We dug out two with the aid of
a large pickaxe, after about half an hour's hard work ;
but these have since died. The stems are fleshy,
short, spiny, leaves fleshy, and the axillary flowers
are funnel-shaped, about as large as those of a Pent-
stemon, bright rose in colour. We found plenty of
strong plants in full flower on a rocky hill, where
quartz was plentiful ; and whilst we were breaking the
stones to get at the plants, a gold prospecting party
was busy with hammers and lenses looking for rich
veins not half a mile further along. This was about
10 miles from Grahamstown.

Pradea.— Mr. Galpin had driven me thither to look
for a grand Protea, which we found there rejire-
sented by only two large bushes, about 20 yards
apart, not even young plants being anywhere in
sight. These two bushes were magnificent pictures,
worth going all the way to the Cape to see. There
they stood on the exposed rocks, the most con-
spicuous objects for miles around. They were
conical in shape, about 8 feet high, and as well
furnished as a Portugal Laurel. The flowers were,
of course, terminal, each 6 inches long, and 4 inches
wide, their colour a bright rosy-red. It is repre-
sented in a picture in the " North " Gallery, No. 427.
There were scores of flowers on these two
bushes. We each gathered an armful, as well as a
quantity of good seeds. Like the Pines in this
country, the Proteas carry their old flower-heads
several years before casting them, and notwithstand-
ing the fact that the plants were in full bloom when
we saw them, they were in full seed as well. About
the outside lower bracts on the old heads there was
a copious coating of a sticky honey-like substance.
Mr. Galpin informed me that the Boers collect this
secretion from various species of Protea, and make a
kind of sugar from it. I have read elsewhere that
the quantity of honey in the flowers of Proteas when
they first expand is so great that by merely inverting
them one can pour it out as from a cup.

430

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[October 8, 1887,

Proteas are among the aristocracy of South African
plants, and once upon a time they were not uncom-
rtion in English collections. Now, however, they are
almost unknown. I once showed a collection of
pictures of Proteas to a society of gardeners before
whom a paper on neglected plants was read, and the
pictures caused quite a sensation, hardly one of the
gardeners who saw them having any knowledge of
the existence of such a magnificent race of plants.
And yet every one of those pictures had been pre-
pared from plants which had flowered in England.

The genus is the most ornamental of all Pro-
teaceous genera, and it does not appear to be at all
difticuU to manage. Only recently the largest kind
of all, viz., P. cynaroides, has flowered both at Kew
and with Messrs. Veitch. This species is very
common about Grahamstown, and we saw great
numbers of it, most of them bearing only the
withered heads from which we got abundance of
seeds ; a few we saw with fresh flowers on them. The
stem is usually simple, about 3 to 5 feet high, clothed
all tiie way up with green leathery leaves, and ter-
minated by the large Artichoke-shaped flower-head.
I did not see any plants that had borne more than
one of these heads. The flowering season for this
plant about Grahamstown is an event with the
colonists, and excursions are made to the hills where
the Protea abounds.

I obtained seeds of five species, and all of them
have germinated at Kew. All the kinds I saw grew
in loose stony land. I believe that under cultivation
these plants would thrive best if kept in compara-
tively small pots, feeding them with liquid manure
during their growing season. Anything in the nature
of wliat we call liberal treatment — i.e., large pots and
rich soil — would probably prove harmful to them. I
believe that on the western side, where Proteas are
most plentiful they delight to grow in barren soils,
in loose sand, or among sharp broken stones. This
treatment is what would most likely answer for the
Leucadendron, which is never a success under culti-
vation, perhaps because we treat it to too much rich
food. I saw plenty of beautiful examples of this
grand Protead in the neiglibourhood of Cape Town,
and perhaps even more of its leaves in the shops of
the town itself. The leaves of the Silver tree are a
favourite .«o»('f«.ir from the Cape, and pictures of a
ship, or of Table Mountain, or of some other feature
that attracts visitors and others, are printed on the
leaves, to be used as bookmarks, &c. The price of
one leaf with a picture of Table Mountain upon it,
was half-a-crown. JV.

(To bs continued.)

THE GARDEN ROSES OF INDIA.

The ]ii-incipal gai-den Eoscs cultivated in Europe
nnil in India may be traced to 'Western Asia and
Ciiina. Tlie old-fashioned summer Hoses, ivliicli
were the ornaments of gardens in Europe forty to
tifty years ago, are mostly referred to Rosa g.iUica,
which has its home in Kouth Europe and AVestern
Asia, and to Rosa centifolia and damascena, which
l>robably came from the mountains of Armenia and
Northern Persia. All these are distinguished by tlie
incomparable delicacy of their aroma, and of the two
last-named kinds one or the other is cultivated on a
large scale in Southern France, Italy, Macedonia,
Asia Minor, Persia, and Northern India, for rose-
water and essence of roses (attar). The flowering
.season of these kinds is short, lasting a few weeks
only, and it was an important event for horticulture
\vhen, towards the close of last century, the China
Itoses were intronuced in Europe. The most im-
jiortant of these was Hosa indica, thus called by
Linn.xus because it was brought from India, where
it has long been grown in gardens. Its home, how-
ever, is not India, but China, and its great value con-
sists in this, that it flowers throughout the summer
and autumn, hence the name Autumnal Rose, also
Monthly Rose (Monatsrose). For this reason a
variety was called Rosa sempcrflorens. Another
variety, described under the name of Rosa fragrans,
distinguished by its strong though not always very

delicate sccjit, became the parent of the Tea Roses,
By crossing these kinds and other species with the
old garden Roses, the numberless varieties of hybrid
perpetuals and Tea Roses have been obtained, which
now ornament our gardens in Europe as well as in
India.

In India nine or ten species of Roses are indi-
genous, but with the exception of Rosa moschata, a
magniflcent climber of wide distribution, none have
contributed to the production of garden Roses. All
have their local names in the language of the dis-
trict wliere they grow, but— and this is a most
remarkable fact — the Rose has no name in San.skrit.
In some dictionaries " Java " is rendered as " Rose,"
but this is an altogether difi'erent shrub. Hibiscus
Rosa-siuensis, the well known Shoe-flower (used for
blacking shoes) of Indian gardens, believed to bo
indigenous in China, and possibly also indigenous in
Tropical Africa.

As far as known at present, the Roses of Western
Asia have no Sanskrit name, and weie not known in
ancient India. Yet Rosa damascena is extensively
grown on a large scale for the manufacture of rose-
water and essence of Roses throughout Northern
India, as far as Ghazipur, in 25° N. lat. Hermann
Schlagintweit was, I believe, the first to draw atten-
tion to this remarkable fact. It is not impossible
that the Western Roses were introduced into India
by the Mohammedans. As there is no Sanskrit
word, so is there no original term for the Rose in
Hindi. In most Indian langu.ages the cultivated
Rose is cilled (/ill, which is the Persian name. It is
also called gilkib, which really means rose-water —
unless, indeed, as sometimes stated by Munshis in
India, ah in this case is a suffix with no separate
meaning. In addition to their local names, some of
the wild Roses of the Himalayas are often called
guhlb, lii'm giUiib (the Rose of the forest, or wild
Rose).

Besides Rosa indica, several other Chinese species
are cultivated in India. The origin of one of the
Indian garden Roses, however, is doubtful; this is
Rosa glandulifera. well described by Roxburgh in his
Ftfira L/'ltca. It is a white subscandent cluster
Rose, which has erroneously been referred to Rosa
alba. Ii. Hindi and Bengali it is called Seoti, Sivafi,
Shemti. According to Piddington {Enr/lish Index
to ike Flints of India, 1832), this Rose has a Sanskrit
name, Hevali, pointing to shveta (white). This,
however, requires verification. Roxburgh believed
its origin to be China. Sir D. Bramlis, in " Xittiire."

ORCHIDS AT MR. J. CHARLES-
WORTH'S.

A Ni-w industry in Bradford is that of Orchid
importer, started some few years ago by Mr. J.
Charlesvvorth, but it is one which, properly carried
out as le is doing it, will not cast disgrace on the
old indistries of that busy yet healthful town. Select-
ing fo- site the pleasant suburb of Ileaton, and
erectiig his well-planned block of new houses on a
gentle slope beside the reservoir, Jlr. Charlcsworth
may b- said to have secured the best possible ground
to buiU on, and in the building he has done the best
possibe, economy and utility considered. The plan
oftheblock provides for two long ranges of Odon-
toglosum-houses, and a still longer and loftier range
in foir divisions for intermediate and warm-house
plant? ; and as the houses have some points in which
foretlought has secured desired results with a saving
of exjienditure, it will be pardonable to touch on a
few o" the points connected with them. In the first
place it is considered above all things desirable to
have I passage between each ]iair of houses, and this
is thi correct thing, no doubt, as it admits of free
bottim ventilation, but it also entails thick and sub-
stanial side walls. This Mr. Cli.arlesworth gets
ovei with benefit to his jd.ants in the matter of
moiiture by making small shafts on the outer side
of (lie thin brickwork, and filling in the narrow
pasage between the houses entirely. Thus the
nectssary air is brought in at the very lowest point,
andin such a manner that the ventilators may be

kept open even in the most inclement weather, and
the solid mass of earth between the houses Is of great
benefit either in very cold or very hot weather.

The arrangement of the staging is another matter
worth consideration. A close stage is arranged on
■which some spent manure is placed, and over that an
open woodwork one, which is movable both as to
position and height, a good feature being that it is
isolated in a very cheap manner by resting on com-
mon stone jars or long pots placed in basins of the
same brown ware, which are constantly kept filled
with water, and prove insurmountable puzzles to
insects which may fancy to taste of the treasures
above. For the plants the direct application of manure
of any kind is carefully avoided, but evaporated
in a mild form from the stages the same experience
is found here as in other places — it is beneficial, if
proper shading and ventilation be observed. A third
point about the houses is the liberal supply of rain-
water cisterns, which occupy nearly half of the base-
ment of each house. This is a matter of the most
vital importance to the plants, and one easily and
cheaply arranged for when the groundwork of the
houses is being got out, but too often neglected.
But now for the plants. The specialties are Odon-
toglossum crispum (Alexandnu) and its hybrids, and
Cattleyas, and of these the really fine stock has been
cultivated up to the very best pitch by Mr. Eichel,
the Orchid grower.

Turning to the first cold house, a magnificent dis-
play of Odontoglossums in all stages presents itself,
their vigour and cleanness being beyond all praise.
These consist of importations from all the known
districts, and many of them in bloom speak well for
the stock, some of them being near approaches to
tlie handsome 0. crispum Bounyanum, and the still
rarer 0. c. apiatum, and another is very near to O. c.
virginale. Here, as in other places, where large im-
portations are received, it is found, that if from the
right locality, there is no mistake abo\it the quality.
Occasionally a batch has come indirectly, and proved
all wrong, and these are honestly set aside, and not
parted with except at a very low price and with a
caution.

The second long range has on one side over 3000
plants of Odontoglossum crispum received direct
from the best locality. These are in good order,
some of them having as many as fifteen large pesudo-
bulbs, and si.x or seven strong growths, while the
general run of the plants is characterised by the fine
size and dark colour of the pseudobulbs. These are
with growths already 4 to 6 inches in length, and are
far more desirable than cither fresh imported plants
or those which are called established, but which are
too often flowered plants not worth treasuring, The
houses are connected by a commodious packing,
potting, and storing shed, which opens into the first
division of the warm range, which has its end taste-
fully planted with Ferns and other foliage plants,
white L.apageria3 running up the roof, .and has the
bulk of the flowering plants in it. Here a fine lot of
Odontoglossum grande was in bloom, with Onci-
dium sarcodes, O. crispum majus, a very fine plant
of Cattleya Dowiana, C. Gaskelliana, Ladia Turner!,
L. prajstans, L. Dayana, Ccclogne JIassange.ana (very
fine). Masdevallia chimiera.'M. bella, M. xauthocorys,
M. Ciielsoni, Zygopetalum Giiutieri, many Odonto-
glossum vexillarium in bud, Miltonia spectabilis, a
very fine variety ; O. Rossii majus, O. Cervantesi, &c. ;
here, too, arc a fine lot of the best Odontoglossum
nebulosum and O. cirrosum, which is found to prefer
a little more heat than 0. crispum.

The next and largest division has some hundreds
of grand masses of Cattleya Trian;c and C. Mendelii,
all collected by Mr. Charlesworth's own collcctoi-,
Mr. "W. Hennis, who must be complimented on his
admirable collecting and packing, for the great
masses, as now seen at Heaton, bear their leaves and
have all the appearance of established pl.ints of .it
least three years. Many of the Trianres have that
peculiar bulb of Leeana which came from the same
ground, while not a few have the gieenish shiny
bulbs of C. T. alba ; at all events those who fancy
themselves judges of Cattleyas by bulb and leaf may
have a fair turn at those at Heaton, for as yet not

OcTOBEB 8, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE:

4S1

one of them has been flowered, and a finer lot may
not easily be met witli.

The next division — slightly warmer— has the
recent fine importation of true Cattleya aurea,
another of C. gigas, and a supposed new Cattleya in
the same way ; certainly the plant looks distinct, and
it is probably different as a variety. Cattleya
Dowiana, C. Eldorado and its vai'ieties, and the
white Livlia anceps are in this house, tlie latter
flowering from the first home-made growtii.

The fourth and last division of the large range is
devoted to hothouse plants ; here the Phaloenopsis
are growing really well, and Saccolabium couleste,
which refused to grow on blocks, are steadily tight-
ening their giip with their roots on the crocks in
which they are placed. Cypripedium vexillarium, C.
Veitchii, the new C. concolor chlorophyllum, and
many others, are in great vigour ; Angraicura Leonis
seems to do remarkably well, and some rare imported
Ccclogynes, among which is C. aspirata (Lowii), to
grow very robustly. Altogether it may be said that
Mr. Charlesworth is doing his part well, it only
remains for the Orchid growing world to respond
liberally. There should be room for a North Country
imjiorter. li. A. li.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

HEXESIA BIDENTATA.

A VERY handsome little Orchid, with flowers a
brilliant scarlet, somewhat resembling those of
Sophronitis grandiflora. It belongs to the same
group, but possesses four instead of eight pollen
masses. A small piece has been sent me to name, and
though from this alone it is difficult to form an
idea of its value as a decorative plant, still from the
brilliancy of the individual flowers, and the com-
paratively small number of scarlet Orchids, it ought
to be worthy of a place in representative collections.
I am inclined to think it must be rare in gardens,
not having met with it before, and no figure of it
having been published. The closely allied H. inibri-
cata, Rchb. f., which is certainly a handsome little
plant, has been figured at t, 40 of Lindley s|5cr^«>/i
Orchidaccarum, under the name of Diothonea
imbricata.

Catasetum Buvoerothii at ICew.
It may interest readers of the Gardeners Chronkle
to know that this fine Catasetum is now flowering at
Kew. The raceme is bearing seven flowers, which
on first expanding are not pure white, but strongly
suffused with a pale delicate green. The plant was
well figured recently in these columns, where a full
account of it was given. It may be interesting to note
that the margin of the lip is minutely but distinctly
denticulate.

RODRIGOEZIA SECUNDA.

A neat and compact grower, and producing its
peculiar rose-coloured flowers in abundance, this
Orchid is one of the best of autumn flowers. A fine
plant at Kew has been established on a raft, and is
now producing about two dozen sturdy racemes,
which stand just clear of the dark green foliage, and
render the plant very efTective. The genus is very
closely allied to Oncidiura, and has much of the
appearance of a dwarf species of this floriferous
genus, especially in habit.

SCUTICAHIA StEELH.

Three plants of this peculiar and handsome

Orchid are now in flower in the Kew collection.

- The long, whip-like, pendulous leaves give the plant

■ a very singular appearance, while the flowers, which

are borne singly or in pairs on a short raceme, arc

large and handsome. It succeeds well on a block sus-

: jiended by the side of an upright pillar in a light

position in the warm-house. From its peculiar habit

it is well suited for such a situation.

EpiDENDnuM Matthewsii.
A neat little plant, with the habit and appearance
of that singular Orchid, Nanodes Medus;o, the dwarf

stems being arranged in a little tuft, and the leaves
closely set in a distichous manner on the stems. The
flowers are borne at the apex of the stems, the lip
being a dull lurid purple, with small yellow crest,
and the segments somewhat paler in colour. It is a
native of Peru, and, though not a very showy plant,
its neat habitand appearance renders it more attract-
ive than it otherwise would be. It is well adapted
for a small hanging-basket, and may be seen flowering
at the present time in the Kew toUection.

Pleurothallis picta.
Although a Pleurothallis— and it might be a very
unfortunate thing to be a Pleurothallis — this is really
a little gem, its numerous racemes of bright yellow
and red flowers being very pretty. A plant now at
Kew is a dense little tuft of leaves about "J. inches
high, from which spring about seventeen erect
racemes, each with numerous small flowers borui*
just above the summit of the leaves. It was intro-
duced by Loddige from Demerara over fifty years
ago. Lindley remarks that the tufts are rapidly
formed under good management ; but [it seems to
require the close atmosphere of a bell-glass. The
Kew plant, however, seems to be a picture of health,
although it is a veritable pigmy in point of size,

CVCNOCHES CHLOROCHILUM.

Although a very old introduction, having been
brought from Demerara half a century ago, this is
not a very common plant in collections. At any
rate, when the plant was figured in the OrcMd Alhitm
some time ago, it was remarked that few crchidists
of the present day have seen it in bloom, powever,
two plants are now flowering in the Kew collection.
The flowers are of great size, greenish-jellow in
colour, the lip paler, with intense dark green blotch
at bhse, and the column gi'acefully arching like the
neck of a swan — hence the name. In habit it closely
resembles a dwarf Catasetum. li. A. R,

Polystachta ottoniana. I
At p. 398 (last week's issue), at the contusion of
my note on the above plant, I wrote " P. put]escens is
an insignificant plant, with racemes of greenflowers,"
&c. This is an error, and should have i>een "P.
luteola, &c."" W, B.

CANKER IN APPLES.]

Ffiw of our readers are without experience of
canker in their Apple trees. Some kimp, as is
well known, are more liable to the disease than
others, and none perhaps are more so t!|an that
excellent variety, Lord Suffield. Canker lUsed to
be thought one of the unavoidable incidents o|oId age,
but most of those who read these lines will be able
to confirm from their own experience the flct that
in some gardens young trees of Lord Sufliel{j Apple
are as commonly affected as older ones. Uncmgenial
subsoils, an undue amount of moisture in ffie soil,
bruises, insect depredations, have all in tuln been
charged with causing the disease. The vet ran, G.
"\V. Johnson, in his Science and Practice (f Gar^
dcnini) (p. 347, ct set/.) discusses the subject It some
length. An " unhealthy state of the sap," " deficient,
excessive, or improper food imbibed," " the diranged
digestive power of the leaves and other organs, lare set
down by him, most properly, as the causes to whi h most
plant diseases are due, and amongst them of linker.
The injuries to bark and wood caused by inselts and
other external agents are probably only seqmdary
causes of canker and other ailments. Jlr.lT. A.
Knight favoured the opinion " tliat this isease
becomes progressively more fatal to each ariety
as the .age of that variety, beyond a certain eriod,
inci'eases."

Johnson makes this further statement :— " (anker
arises from the tree's weakness, from a defiliency
in its vital energy, and consequent inabilty to
imbibe and elaborate the nourishment necesary
to sustain its frame in ■\'igour, and much I
supply the healtliy development of new
He also says, "If the disease be in a fruit tre
probably a premature senility induced by injudijious

management, for a very few of our varieties are of
an age that insure to it decrepitude. ... If
tlie soil, by its ungenial character, induces the
disease, the obvious and only remedy is its
amelioration."

A contemporary observer, Mr. Edmund Tonks,
B.C.L., of Knowle, Warwickshire, has been a
great sull'erer from canker in his Apple trees,
and this has led him to pay much attention to
the subject witli a view (1) to discover the
cause, and (2) to provide a remedy. In a paper
which he read before the Birmingham Gardeners'
Mutual Improvement Association last October he
pointed out that he was very much struck with the
quantity of common salt he found in the ash of the
Apple, namely, more than 26 per cent., while the
wood contains 12 per cent, of potash. This, he
observed, would indicate that both potash and soda
are necessary for the perfect growth of the Apple
tree. He then says : — " Most of us know how subject
it is to canker ; this disease is probably caused by
deficiency in the soil of some of its necessary elements
(that is to say, some of the elements necessary to the
Apple), possibly of lime, which forms the large propor-
tion of 71 per cent, of the ash of the wood. [How
about cankered Apples on limestone soil, where the
disease is only too prevalent? Ed.]. Knowing
no satisfactory published account of the cause of
canker, I suggest it may be caused by deficiency
in the soil of the full complement of elements re-
quired by the particular variety aft'ected ; each
variety of Apple, Pear, Plum, Strawberry, and, in
fact, of every plant, has its own special requirements.
Two varieties of Apples will grow side by side in
the same soil, the one in perfect health, the other
perishing from canker; if the latter be grafted with
scions from the former the grafts will flourish, and
soon the cankered tree will become as healthy as the
other. This," he adds, "proves conclusively that it
is not a condition of roots or of soil which produces
the mischief, for the roots and soil were in the same
condition when the tree was affected by canker as
when the growth became healthy, therefore there
must be some other cause, and it may be maintained
with some reason that the soil did not contain some
element neceesary for the one variety, but unneces-
sary for the other."

These remarks, as we have said above, were
uttered in October last year. During the following
winter months Mr. Tonks put his opinion to the
test of experiment. He had previously decided to
uproot a large number of Apple trees because they
were so badly cankered ; but a considerate impulse
intervened and suggested, "Let them alone this year,
till I shall dig about them and dung them." An
artificial manure on the basis of George ViUe's
recommendations, consisting of calcic superphos-
phate 3t lb., potassic nitrate 21 lb., sodic nitrate
2S lb., and calcic sulphate 28 lb., was applied at the
rate of a quarter of a pound to the square yard of
surface, and lightly dug into the soil, with the very
satisfactory result, as reported by Mr. Tonks (who
experimented on 140 trees in jiis own garden), " that
at the present time (September, 1887) not a single
patch of active canker can be found on any one of
them, and in all cases the edges of the b.ark of the
old wounds have healed, and the trees are making
healthy growth.'-'

This is a result which must arrest every gar-
dener's attention ; and as the artificial manure
Ml'. Tonks has found so successful is easy to
obtain, and not very costly, we trust many of
our intelligent gardeners will get a supply of it,
try it on their fruit trees, and report their ex-
perience ne.xt year. That it is of benefit to other
kinds of fruit trees than Apples seems apparent
from the following observation of Mr. Tonks ; —
" One hundred and twenty-three Pear trees were last
winter top-dressed with the manure [mentioned
above], and the fruit, which on the same trees last
year was so badly affected that a large part of the
crop became rotten and did not ripen, is now excep-
tionally free from fungus spots and cracks, and pro-
mises well." Something of this changed condition in
Mr. Tonks' trees may be due to the exceptionally

m

^HE GABDENl^nS' C HE ONI CLE.

[OcTOBEn ?, 1887.

fine summer we have experienced this year ; but at
the same time there is ample ground to justify the
repetition of his experiment in all parts of the king-
dom witli the view of testing whether or not Mr.
Tonks' conclusions are reli.Tble.

Foreign Products.

FRUIT CULTIVATION IN SAN FRANCISCO.
Refebbing to the fruit crop of Los Angeles in the
consular district of San Francisco, the British Vice-
Consul says :— " About 2300 car-loads (23,000 tons)
of Oranges will be marketed from this district this
season. Tlie Orange Growers' Union so regulates
shipments to the cities of the Eastern States that an
over-supply is not sent to any point."

Formei'ly Los Angeles county was known as the
*' cow county," owing to the number of live stock ;
now it is essentially a fruit-producing district, viti-
culture and Orange growing being now the chief
industries. " The cottony cushion scale, commonly
called the white scale, is doing great damage to the
Orange groves. JIany of the orchards have been
cut down, and many others, now badly infected, will
have to be treated in the same way. Nothing has as
yet been discovered that will kill the pest without
injuring the tree, and sufficiently inexpensive to
admit of common use. Spraying the trees has been
found inefTectual, owing to the fact that the liquid
used did not reach every part of the tree. It is now
stated that the owner of the oldest orchard in the
district is about to patent an apparatus for applying
a gas to Orange and otiier trees, which it is claimed
will kill all scale-bugs without injuring the tree. A
tent is constructed over the tree and the gas is
generated in the tent. Many are of opinion that the
destruction worked by tlie white-scale bug and other
pests is due to the fact that fertilisers not having
been used the soil is becoming impoverished. The
fact that a 2o0-acre Orange grove at San Gabriel,
which for some years has been fertilised, is free of
scale-bugs and other pests seems to indicate that the
true remedy is good husbandry."

" The market for good qualities," we further read,
" is practically unlimited. Every description of frnit
and veget.able is now prepared for transportation to
the cities of the Eastern States. They are reduced
to a low temperature in artificially cooled rooms, and
are transported in cars kept at a low temperature.
By these means Southern California Strawberries
and other delicate fruits are delivered in New York
in perfect preservation.''

A large business is being established in Los
Angeles in the crystallisation of fruit; the pro-
duce is said to be equal in quality to that made in
the South of France. At present only one firm is
engaged in this business, and a market is found for
these goods in America. The price of good fruit is
80 low — from a farthing to a halfpenny per pound —
that it is probable that manufacturers in Los Angeles
could compete with those of the South of France for
the supply of the English market.

Importation of Vegetable PfionrfTS ikto

]C0NSTANTIN0PLF.

The trade in yellow berries, the fruits of
Rhamnus infectorius, and perhaps some allied
species, is a very fluctuating one, as is shown in
the returns of yellow berries imported into Constan-
tinople which stands thus :— 1882-83, 7860 sacks ;
1883-84, 6860 sacks ; 1884-85, 6800 sacks ; 1885-86,
8200 sacks. It is stated that in this article the
export to the United Kingdom has diminished con-
siderably, whereas that to Germany and Continental
Europe has proportionally increased, and the prices,
which opened in January, 1886, without animation,
gradually improved towards the close of the year.
In gum tragacanth the number of cases received at
Constantinopie during 1886-87 shown a decided in-
crease over the four preceding years. In this article
also it is noticeable that, compared with forraeryears'
there was a large excess of export to Germany and

the Continent, and a proportionate diminution to the
United Kingdom. Jute sacks, it seems, which
formerly went to Constantinople from Liverpool now
go from India, with transhipment at Alexandria.

EsPAETO, Tobacco, and Hemp in Morocco.
It has been said for some time past that owing to
the great demand for Esparto, and the destructive
mode of collecting it, that the supply was falling
short. Another light, however, is put upon it in a
recently issued report from Jlogador, where it is
stated that the exports of Esparto, which amounted
in 1880 to £4970, had decreased in 1.S84 to £1225, in
1885 to £550, and last year to £85 ; the falling off,
however, was " by no means attributable to failure
of crops of this valuable grass, which grows wild, and
is of easy collection, but is because of tiie excessive
duty (about lOs. per ton) charged in Mogador on its
export, which, thougli perhaps fair enough when the
value of the grass was about £8 per ton in England,
is now virtually prohibitive upon an article the price
of which, owing to large shipments from Tunis,
Tripoli, Algeria, and elsewhere, has fallen to £3 lOs.
per ton. Local shippers, feeling this grievance, have
petitioned the Sultan for a considerable reduction of
duty."

The same report from whence these facts are
gleaned .nforms us that the cultivation, importation,
and sale of Tobacco was, up to the end of 1886,
a monopoly of the Moorish Government, but in
February of the present year the Sultan issued an
edict, which was read about in the principal mosques
of his towns, and communicated to European resi-
dents, tlirougb the foreign representatives, to the
effect, tb.at, considering the spreading habit of con-
suming Tobacco and other narcotics to be sinful and
injurious. His Majesty forbade to his Jlohammedan
6ul)jects the cultivation, importation, sale, and use
of Tobucco in all its forms, opium, keef (Cannabis
sativa), and similar herbs or drugs, and ordered
that all stocks of such obnoxious ai'ticles should
be buried, and that they should be absolutely
prohibiied and deemed contraband in future when
found t)r sale in the possession of any person
whatever.

Huge bonfires of Tobacco and keef at Mogador
and ehewhere promptly followed this Shereefian
edict, vhich naturally was received with much dis-
satisfaetion, especially by the labouring classes and
the miltary. Subsequent arrivals of foreign Tobaccos
for Government account (ordered prior to this pro-
hibitioi) were also publicly burned. Curiously enough
the Jewish subjects of the Sultan do not appear to
have leen mentioned in his proclamation. As to
Europians they are — at least at Mogador — at present
allowel to pass in Tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes,
in smiU quantities for their own use, but not for
sale. /. I!. J.

garden plant, but not so freely grown as it ought to
be ; a large mass of it has a charming effect.

As I write these lines tlie lovely C. zonatus has
opened its flowers to a glimpse of snnshine. We
grow at least sixty species and v.arieties, but none
are 60 delicate in colour as this ; the flowers are of
such a lovely rosy-lilac tint, with a rich golden mark
at the base of each petal. The flowers are of medium
size only. Mr. Maw recommends growing it under
the protection of a bell-glass or frame. It has so
far succeeded well with us in the open garden on the
sheltered sunny side of a grass bank. This, like C.
speciosus, increases very freely.

The pretty little C. pulchellus has opened its
flowers earlier than usual. The petals are of a lovely
lilac colour, marked with blue-purple lines. The
white variety is just pushing out of the ground.

Colchicum speciosura. — Those who have not yet
planted this handsome species in a position fully
exposed to the sun in a nook on a grass bank should
do so. It produces the largest flowers in our garden
I ever saw in such a position, and the increase is
more rapid than in the open border. It has been in
great beanty all through September.

C. autumnale. — I saw tiiis species the other day
covering several acres of pasture land near Stourport,
with thousands of its rich purple flowers. The
farmers regard it as a dangerous weed ; the fresh
green leaves poison the cattle, although when they
are dried in hay they do not injure tliem. /. Doiirjlus.

The Bulb Garden.

AUTUMN CROCI.

I ;oTE the remark on the flowering of Crocus
valli'Ola in the Kew collection. It is the earliest of
all b flower, coming in about the end of August.
We have five distinct species now in flower (Sep-
temler 30) ; the next to succeed C. vallicola was
the oretty but rather variable C. cancellatus. One
varity, cilieicus has very pretty pale bluish flowers
witl dark purple lines marking the outsiile petals.
Mr. Maw states that this pretty Crocus is so
abuidant " in the Lebanon and the neighbour-
hool of Damascus that the corms are collected for
fooi."

(. nudiflorus opened its clear purple flowers on
Scitember 20 ; being so very showy, and one of the
conmonest species, no garden should lack a few
climps of its ; it is truly handsome in a sunny posi-
tim in the rock garden.

J. speciosus is .also in full beauty in the front row
ofthe herbaceous border. The flowers are large rich
pirple, and marked with deejH'r veins. It is an old

ROOTS.

Roots, we knovr, emerge from all kinds of un-
expected places, but we do not remember to have
seen them before proceeding from a Cucumber! "We
owe to Mr. Turner, gardener to Sir Robert Tempest
the opportunity of figuring the stalk end of a Cucum-
ber which had been immersed in water with the
result that roots were protruded from the interior of
the stalk (fig. 01). Botanically speaking the outer
part of a Cucumber is a direct prolongation of the
stem, so that there is nothing very extraordinary in
the production of the roots from such an organ, though
we do not usually propagate Cucumbers by " fruit cut-
tings." The fruits of the Opuntias or Prickly Pears,
which have the same botanical conformation, have
been known to root in the same manner, and the plant
has been propagated in this way.

A STICKY-SEEDED LEGUME.

Many and various are the means by which various
plants effect the dispersal of their seeds, and so pro-
vide for the reproduction ofthe species. Sometimes
the plant undertakes the business itself, as in the
case of the Balsam and Wood Sorrel, and provides a
pod with elastic valves, which on arriving at ma-
turity expel the seeds with considerable force. At
other times the friendly aid of the wind is invoked,
the plant contenting itself with producing various
appendages which shall enable the seeds to float on
the breeze to a greater or lesser distance from the
parent plant. This may take the form of a plume-like
appendage, as in the Thistle, the Dandelion, the
Groundsel, and a host of other Composites ; also in
the Asclepiads ; or the form of wings, as in the
Maples, the Dipterocarps and Bignoniads ; or the
winged bract may be persistent, as in the case ofthe
Lime, and thus by a different means secure the same
end ; or, again, the dispersal of certain seeds by the
wind is secured by their minuteness ; or the fruit —
and it should be remembered that there are winged
and appendaged fruits, as well as winged and appen-
daged seeds — in the former case the whole fruit, or
seed-case, coming away together, in the latter the
fruit bursting, and thus liberating the seeds; or the
fruit, as already remarked, may produce sjiines and
hooks, which, catching hold of the fur of animals
and feathers of birds, enables them to be carried
away to some distance. It is also well known that
frugivorous birds effect the dispersal of certain plants
by the seeds ofthe fruits on which they feed passing
through them with their vitality unimpaired.

OcTonEti 8, 1S87.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHFONICLE.

433

There is yet anotlier way by which dispersal by
animals anil birds may be effected, namely, by a
sticky or viscid exudation, by which they adhere for
n time. Viscid fruits, it is well known, occur in the
p;enus Pisonia — so viscid, indeed, that small birds,
not being strong^ enough to break away the seed,
have been entangled and caught, and the tree lias
earned the unenviable sobriquet of '* The bird-killing
tree."

A very interesting example of a viscid seed lias
just come under my notice, of which I do not tind
any record. In a collection of plants sent from
British Guiana by Mr. Jenman for naming was a
leguminous plant, the ticket being marked, "Seeds
sticky." And sticky enough they were, for the
sheets of paper were held together by them, and
wiien forced apart brought away the face of tlie
(softish) paper. On examination the seeds proved
to be covered with a viscid excretion, which occurred
in the form of little bead-like shining prominences,
arranged in a sort of reticulated manner over the
seed. The plant proved to be Clitoria glycinoides,
the habit and general appearance being that of
the common Scarlet Runner Bean (Phaseolus multi-
iloius), but with fewer and larger flowers. The
seeds evidently retain their viscidity for a consider-
able time, tiiough this ultimately dries up and re-
mains on the seed, somewhat resembling dried gum,
as may be seen in seeds which have been for some
years in tlie Herbarium. It is evident that at the
time the pods are opening the seeds would attach
themselves firmly to the fur of any passing animal,
and would thus be carried away, to be again liber-
ated, perhaps, when coming in contact with some-
thing else. How far tliis circumstance may have
been effective in distributing the plant it is, of
course, impossible to say, but certain it is that it is
common and widely distributed in Tropical America.
The circumstance is the more remarkable because so
different from the majority, at least, of leguminous
plants. /?. A. lio/fe.

Foreign Correspondence.

GRAPES.

About this time last year I addressed you on the
subject of an extraordinarily large Grape which had
come under my notice. I mentioned that the Vine
which produced it (called here the Giacomino), though
only a wine-Grape, and bearing berries in general no
larger, if not somewhat smaller, than many other
kinds of wine-Grape, had, as I was informed, a rather
frequent habit of producing here and there a larger
berry, and I suggested that as the flavour of the
Giacomino is particularly good— so much so, that it
is often used as a table Grape — it might possibly be
worth the while of some one interested in Vine cul-
ture for table use to experiment upon this species, and
see if it could not be developed into something worth
adding to our present stock of hothouse Grapes. I
write on the present occasion chiefly in reference to
this suggestion, of which a new experience has re-
minded me. The contadino or peasant-tenant (land
here being cultivated on the nietai/er system) who
brought me that huge berry last year, gave the Vine
wliich had produced it some extra manure, to see if it
would again produce the same phenomenon ; and it
has produced again a very large berry, though not
anything like the monster of last year, but, what is
more important to my purpose, the five or six
berries about this large one were all three or
four times the size of the ordinary berry (which
I think I have said is rather small) — large
enough, in fact, not to make a show, but to
make a decent appearance at dessert. Now, as there
is nothing done to this Vine except simply giving it a
little more nourishment, no pruning (more than to
otlier field Vines), no thinning — in short, no appli-
cation of the gardeners art — it seems to me that this
Vine shows a capacity for improvement which may
not improperly recommend it to some vinicultural
enthusiast who has science, time, and appliances at

command. And if you or any of your friends think
the experiment worth trying, I will promise to send
you by post somt* cuttings of the Giacomino Vine
(including such as the Vine which has exhibited
such promising proclivities for improvement may
afford) in the early spring, when the Vines undergo
their first pruning.

We have had a splendid vintage in these part^! ;
the season has been exceedingly bad for fruit in
general, and equally so for vegetables ; extravagantly
long periods of different kinds of weather, the last
being about four months of extreme heat, so that
the Grapes have hardly had a drop of water; but we
here, at least, have had a vintage unprecedented
almost for the quantity and quality of the Grapes,

Fig. 91.— cucumber rootixg from stalk, (see l 432.)

and, what is best of all, there has not beeji the
slightest disease of any sort.

I should be obliged if you or any of your jorre-
spondents could tell me if the ^Salamanca Vne is
known in England, and under what name, fo I do
not recollect that as the name of any Grape known
in England. It is a table Grape, green, very arge,
and of delicious flavour, and is here considerd to
be related to the Muscatel. I believe that the iarae
idea exists in France, and that the name by Wiich
it is known there is Pance. Here we grow i on
trellises, and though no attention is paid to ii we
get fruit which would attract notice at an Endish
fruit show. T. B., II Casonc, Calle Laiistte, Tnsca^.

Italy and the Phylloxera Laws.

In the Gardeners Chronicle, -^o. 39, p. 373,

mention that your postal authorities refusedto br-

ward a small packet of Palm seeds to Italy on
account of the Phylloxera laws, on the ground that
it contanined bulbs. The importation of all kinds
of seed into Italy was prohibited a long time before
the Phylloxera law proper was promulgated. I have
frequently to send Palm seeds to Italy to an English
gentleman residing at Florence, by a method which,
with a little more risk, seeds and jjlants from Eng-
land, may also be gent to Italy. Any of your readers
desiring information as to the route, can have tlie
same by apjdying to me. H. Vanvnanii, Bnskm.

"THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE."

(Continued from p. lioil.J

KiKDRED English Literatdre of the Third
Period, 1827 — 1S64. — Many of tlie serial works
enumerated in the literature of the period from ISOl
— 1826, as there explained, were continued far into
the present, or third, period ol the existence of the
Magazine ; and the most formidable rival of the latter
was undoubtedly the Botanical liegister, which ap-
peared regularly up to the end of 1847, and contained
figures of a large number of Lindlev's favourite
family, the Orchidea;.

Robert Sweet added, in 1827, another to the
already considerable list of his serial publications
under the title of .F/ora Aiistraiasica ; or a Selection
of Handsortie or Curious Plants, Natives of Kevj Hoi'
iand and the South Sea Islands. E. D. Smith, F.L.S.,
was the aitist. The octavo plates are fairly good,
and there is an attempt at dissections ; but most of
the plants represented had been previously figured^
There are fifty-six plates dated 1827 and 1828. In
1828 Roscoe's handsome folio of 112 plates of
Monandrian Plants of the Order Scituminca, was
published. Most of the plates were drawn from
subjects cultivated in the Liverpool Botanic Garden,
where, at that period, there must have beeen a fine
collection o^ these highly ornamental plants, George
ilohnson's His/in-i/ of Gardening a.\ii^eAveA in 1829, and
though imperfect in some details, is a most useful
and interesting book, which no gardener should lose
an opportunity of adding to his library. A very fine
and rare illustrated folio work of this period is A
Selection of Hexandrian Plants belonging to the
Natural Orders, Amaryllideis and Liliaceee. The draw-
ings, fifty-one in number, were by Mrs. Edward Bnry,
and they were engraved and published by li. Havell,
London. The drawing and colouring of these plates
is alike admirable, and Piitzel describes the work as
*' opus splendidissimum," &c. ; but he is wrong in his
statement that the plates were drawn from plants
grown in the Edinburgh garden. Mrs. Bury acknow-
ledees her obligations to the Sheplierds of Liverpool,
also to W. Roscoe and U''. Harrison of the same
place ; and it is clear tliat the Liverpool gardens
were the principal source on wliich the aitist de-
pended. This work was issued in fascicles from
1831—1834, price ten guineas each. In 1831 the
Horticultural liegister and General Magazine was
launched, under the joint editorship of Joseph Paxton
and Joseph Harrison. There were no coloured plates
in the first volume (1831 — 1832), and very few in
the second (1833), which was edited by Paxton
alone. The same year Harrison started his
Floricultural Cabinet and Florists' Magu::ine, and
he speaks in the preface of a " circulation of
nearly 50,000 copies, during the nine months of our
literary existence." Harrison was gardener to
Lord Wharncliffe, at Wortley Hall, and his venture
seems to have been a decided success, and was con-
tinued down to 1859, and subsequently under the
title of the Gardeners' Weekly Magazine and Flori-
cultural Cabi7ier.* It contains much that is of interest
to the florist. James Main. A.L.S., succeeded Paxton
in the editorship of the Floricultural Register after
the third volume ; whether this work ceased with the

* The Kew copy is incomplete after 185-1, but Mr. Daydoa
Jackson ascertained for me that the work continued to appear
up to lSo9, and subsequently under the extended title. Mr. J.
H. Krelage also obligingly replied in the Gardeners' Chronicle
to my inquiry on this subject.

434

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[OCTOBEK 8, 1887.

sixth volume, the latest in the Kew library, I am
unable to say. In 1836, liobert Marnock, curator of
the Botanical and Horticultural Gardens, Sheffield,
and subsequently more famous as a landscape
gardener, appeared before the public in tlie capacity
of editor of The Floriadtiiral Cabinet and Miscellany of
Gardening, of which there are four volumes at Kew,
ending 1840, when the editor had removed to Hackney.
This, in conjunction with Harrison's, contaius figures,
and a great deal concerning the history, of florists'
flowers. Paxton, having freed himself from the Hor-
ticultural Register, commenced the publication of his
Magazine of Hotang and Register of Flowering Plants
in 1834, and continued it till 1849. It consists
of sixteen volumes octavo and contains 768
coloured plates, with occasional woodcuts, and a
valuable series of articles on practical operations in
gardening by the leading gardeners of the day.
From a horticultural standpoint the plates are mostly
good, though the colouring is sometimes poor.
F. W. Smith was the principal artist for the first
three or four volumes, and then S. Holden succeeded,
and continued to the end, evidently improving with
experience. The same Frederick W. Smith was
artist, and apparently editor, of the Florists' Magazine:
a Register of the A'civest and most Beautiful Varieties
of FloristsFloteers. This is a folio of one volume,
containing seventy-two coloured plates, and was
published in 1836. I had forgotten to mention
Loudon's colossal Encyelopadia of Plants, with wood-
cat figures of nearly 10,000 species, which appeared in
1S29. Dr. Lindley contributed the botanical de-
scriptions, and J. D. C. Sowerbythe drawings, which
were engraved by R. Branston. There were several
B-ippIements, a second edition in 1841, and a third
in 1866, "barely dirt'ering from the second," In 1837
was published Dean Herbert's AmaryUidacete, an
octavo witli forty-eight plates, of which there was a
coloured and an uncoloured edition. This book is
dedicated to Leopold, King of the Belgians, and con-
tains an interesting dissertation on hybrid plants.
Knowles and Westcott's Floral Cabinet and Magazine
of Exotic Botany, consisting of three quarto volumes,
containing 137 coloured plates, was published from
1837 to 1840. The avowed object of this work was
' to furnish the public with more artistic and more
finished representations of plants than were to be
f jund in the numerous periodicals of the day." The
drawings, which are mostly very good, and
certainly superior to many published at that
pjriod, were executed by different artists, includ-
ing Mrs. "n'ithers, F. Cameron, E. Mills, W. and
a" Green, Miss Clowes, and otliers ; but many
of the plates hear no artist's name. If the drawing
is good the colouring is unequal, and often weak.
Another pictorial serial, the Birmingham Botanic
Garden or Midland Floral Magazine, containing
" accurate delineations, with botanical and popular
descriptions of plants " (1836—1837), is attributed to
the same editors ; but I have not seen it, and have
failed to find any furtlier particulars of it. In 1837
were commenced two costly illustrated folio Orchid
serials, namely, Lindley 's 'Sertiun Orchidaceum, and
Butem'an's O'rchidacere of Mexico and Guatemala.
The hatter is an elephant folio, containing forty
coloured plates by Miss Drake, and some facatious
and clever tail-pieces by G. Cruikshauk, and was
completed in 1843. Miss'Drake was also the artist of
the Sertum, which contains forty-nine coloured plates
and a frontispiece. Considerations of space hinder
me from giving further particulars of these magni-
ficent works. The Botanist, conducted by B. Maund,
assisted bv the Rev. J. S. Henslow, is of this period.
There are' five undated volumes, small quarto, con-
taining 250 mostly excellent plates, though almost
wholly of plants previously figured in other publica-
tion?.' Almost all the editors of the numerous rival
serials of those times gave reasons for their appear-
ance before the public, and some of these reasons are
more amusing than convincing. The Botanist is not
specially botanical, for the plants delineated are all
of an ornamental character ; but the justification for
it was that " it seemed to the editor that there was no
work which precisely combined accurate scientific
instruction with an occasional appeal to the imagi-
nation, and to the moral and religious feelings."
However, it is well worth a place in any library.
W. B. H.

(To be continued.)

FLOWER FARMING AND PER-
rUME MANUFACTURE IN SOUTHERN
FRANCE.

Foil nearly a century the culture of flowers on a
large scale, and the manufacture of perfumes and
essences, have formed a special and lucrative industry
in Southern France. The principal district in which
the manufacture is carried on is at Grasse, in the
Department of the Alpes Maiitimes ; but it is also
conducted on a more or less extensive scale at
Somraieres, Nimes, Nyon, and Seillans. The de-
scription of flowers principally grown, and their
season of harvest, are the Violet, Jonquil, and Mig-
nonette, which are usually gathered in February,
March, and April, although, in mild moist winters,
the Violets commence as early as December ; Roses
and Orange-blossoms, with Thyme and Rosemary, in
May and June ; Jasmines and Tuberoses in July and
August ; Lavender and Spikenard in September, and
Acacia in October and November. The flower har-
vest covers, therefore, about three-fourths of the
year, but the season of greatest activity is May and
June, wlien the Roses and Orange-blossoms are
gathered. Thyme, Rosemary, and Lavender, are
among tlie minor products grown principally by small
farmers of the Grape and Olive, who have at liome
the simple apparatus for distilling the flowers, and
they pr'jduce a more or less inferior class of essences,
which are used to dilute and adulterate the superior
essences produced at the large establishments in
towns and villages.

Consal Mason, of Marseilles, in arecent report upon
flower firming in Southern France, says that the con-
ditions of industrial success in flower growing can be
best studied from a specific example, and he quotes
the case of a plantation at Seillans, in the Depart-
ment of the Var. This farm is about 23 acres in
extent, and is situated on the southern slope of the
hills, about 2000 feet above the level of the Mediter-
ranean and at a distance of twenty miles from the
coast. The calcareous soil was originally naturally
poor and thin, and the Olive trees, which h.ad occu-
pied the ground for a century or more prior to 1881,
yielded but scanty and unsatisfactory returns. The
slope of the surface was so steep that the waters of a
spring which flows from the rocks above the track
could )e but imperfectly utilised for irrigation, and
the laid was regarded as practically worthless. In
1881 the proprietor caused the Olive trees to be
removfd, and the land prepared for flower culture.
The ground was first dug up to a depth of 4 feet, the
larger stones removed and built into sustaining walls
for the terraces into which the surface was divided
and hvelled. Along the upper margin of each ter-
i-ace a shallow ditch was cut, connecting with trans-
verse channels, which supply the spring water for
irrigaion. The abruptness of the slope will be indi-
cated by the fact that, on the tract of 18 acres, the
terraoi walls required to produce a series of level or
gentl; sloping surfaces are over 2000 yards in length.
Thus terraced, the tract yielded about 17 acres of
prep.Ted ground for planting. In the autumn of
1881 45,000 tnfts of Violets, and 140,000 roots of the
whiti Jasmine, were planted. Tlie following spring
the r-mainder of the ground was pLinted witli Roses,
Pelagoniums, Tuberoses, and Jonquils, andalabora-
toryerected for the manufacture of perfumes. The
posilion proved to have been well chosen, as the
flown-s grew vigorously and well ; and in 1885, the
fourh year after planting, this farm, which liad pre-
viouily yielded a rental of £23 a-year, produced per-
fumes valued at £8630, giving a nett profit of £1553.
Thii is sufficient to illustrate how lucrative flower
faming may become in favourable districts, and
und'r good management.

Irom observations at Seillans, and in the neigh-
boirhood of Grasse, where perfume flower growing is
th( leading industry. Consul Mason s.ays that the
esential conditions appear to be an altitude of from
50t to 2000 feet. Flowers grown on such elevated
poitions are said to be richer in perfume than
sinilar varieties which bloom in valleys and low-
laids; a soil rich in calcareous elements; a situation

sheltered from cold northern winds, and not subject
to ;the white frosts which in spring and autumn
aft"ect the damp lowlands. In countries like Southern
France, where the rainfall is always scanty, and
often wanting entirely from May until September,
irrigation is essential to the culture of flowers, as
well as every other crop. It is said the perfume
growers and distillers on the Mediterranean coast
attribute their success not less to the peculiar
climate of Provence than to their knowledge of
every detail of the industry, a knowledge acquired by
more than a century of experience, and transmitted
from generation to generation.

One essential principle in perfume culture is that
all fancy and " improved " v.arieties of flowers arc
discarded, and the natural, simple, old-fashioned
kinds, are exclusively grown. The Roses on the
slopes of Seillans are tlie common pink ones, and the
single white Violet is preferred to all the larger
artificially developed varieties. Only the wliite Jas-
mine is used, the yellow and less fragrant variety
appearing to be either discarded or unknown. Jas-
mine plants are set in rows about 10 inches apart,
and are closely pruned. Roses are grown on tlie
lower terraces, and are also cut low, and the ground
between the plants heavily manured. After the
Roses have been gathered the stem is cut to within
a few inches of the ground, to preserve for the next
season the entire vigour of the plant.

During the harvest season traders, or "middle
men," go through the country every day with wag-
gons, collecting flowers from the farms, for which
they pay prices varying according to the extent of
thecrop and the demands of the market ; their loads
are hurried to the nearest manufacturer, and deli-
vered while the flowers are still fresh and crisp.
The flowers are usually gathered in the morning, as
soon as possible after the dews of the preceding night
have disappeared.

The manufacture of perfumes includes the making
of pomades and oils by the process of absorption,
and of essences and essential oils by distillation.
Every complete establishment is provided with
apparatus for all these processes. Pom.ades are the
commercial vehicles for absorbing and transporting
the perfumes of the Jonquil, Tuberose, Jasmine, and
other species of flowers. A square frame, or chassis,
of white wood, about 20 inches by 30 inches in size,
is set with a pane of strong plate-glass. On either
side of tlie glass is spread a thin even layer of grease
—two parts lard to one of tallow— which has been
purified and refined by previous boiling and strain-
ing. Thus prepared, the frames are piled up in
ranks, 6 or 7 feet high, to await the season of each
special flower. When the blossoms arive the petals
are picked from the stem, and laid so as to cover the
grease in each frame. These being again piled so as
to rest upon their wooden edges, which fit closely
together, there is formed a species of tight chambers,
the floors and ceilings of which are of grease, ex-
posed to the perfume of the flower leaves within ; the
grease absorbs the perfume, the spent flowers are
removed daily, and fresh ones supplied, and this pro-
cess goes on from two to four, or five months,
according to the desired strength of the pomade,
which, when sufficiently charged with perfume, is
taken from the glass with a wide thin spatula, and
packed in tin cans, or stagnons, for export. By these
methods tlie delicate odours of flowers are extracted,
and retained for transport to distant markets, where
the grease, being treated with alcohol, yields the
perfume to that stronger vehicle, and produces the
floral waters and extracts of commerce. Coarse
pomades are 'made by boiling the flowers in the
grease, and subjecting the residue to pressure. The
spent pomades are used for toilet purposes, and in
the manufacture of fine soaps. Tlie process of pre-
paring perfumed oils involves the same principle,
except that instead of solid grease, superfine Olive
oil is used. With this oil pieces of coarse cotton
fabric are saturated, which are then spread upon
wire-netting framed in wire chassis about 3 feet by 4
in size. Tlie flowers are spread upon the saturated
cloths, and the frames piled one upon another, so
that tJre perfume of the flowers is absorbed, as in the

OcTOBEn 8, 1887.]

THE GABDENEES' CHBONICLE.

^4 as

previous process. Essences aiul scents are produced
by ordinary distillation, in which the flowers are
boiled with water in large alembics ; the vapour
carries oft" the perfmne, and is condensed in adjoin-
ing copper tanks. Some of the retorts used for this
purpose are of sufficient size to receive at once half
a ton of fresh flowers, with tlie requisite water for
their distillation. When scents are to be produced,
alcohol is used in the distilling tank to receive the
perfumes. By skilful combinations of the perfumes
of different flowers, sometimes with the addition of
chemicals, a large variety of scents, such as " patch-
ouli," "jockey club," &c., are produced at the original
laboratory.

The work of the manufactories is largely done by
women, who earn from 10(^. to I.'J. for a day's labour
of ten hours, and during the busy season of Roses
and Orange flowers they earn half as much more by
working until midnight, or even later. Journal of the
Society of A' h.

Forestry.

Plantino OpERiTioss.— The return of the plant-
ing season, after a rather iznfavourable summer, so
far at least as the growth of trees and shrubs is con-
cerned, malies it more than usually necessary that
thorough preparation of the ground and careful
planting be set about during the present month and
the work carried on with all despatch until com-
pleted. By this we do not by any means wish it to
be understood that all classes of soils should be
planted during autumn, although the majority may,
the exceptions being peat bog, and cold, wet, clayey
loams, which experience has proved to be best
operated upon during the early spring months, or
just before plant growth commences. We have seen
hundreds of acres of peat bog in Ireland reclaimed
by planting, and in all, or nearly all cases, the best
results followed autumn drainage and spring plant-
ing of the ground ; while in North England various
tracts of wet land, with a clay subsoil, were success-
fully covered with thriving plantations by adopting
a similar method of preparing the ground by draining
in autumn and planting in February, March, and
April.

Unless hillside and heathy land, all ground intended
for new plantations should be trenched, steam-culti-
vated, or pitted, and that, if at all practicable, from
six to twelve months previous to planting being en-
gaged in, as by doing so a thoroughly pulverised state
of the soil is secured, the advantages of which are too
well known to every forester to require comment
upon at present. Pitting should always be performed
during dry weather, for if during rain the sides of tlie
pits become partially puddled, these afterwards hold-
ing the water in a most persistent manner, and thus
the young plants are placed under the most disad-
vantageous circumstances as regards getting a quick
start to growth. In damp retentive soils pitting and
planting should never go hand in hand, for by so
doing a friable, sweet loam can never be got to come
in contact witli the young and tender rootlets of the
plants to be inserted.

Six months at least, but longer if at all possible,
should be allowed for the newly turned out soil
from the pits to get tlioroughly pulverised and
iato the best possible condition for nurturing
the freshly transplanted trees. Although this matter
is frequently neglected, particularly by those whose
planting operations are conducted on a small scale,
yet such should not be the case, for the evils that
accrue are many, and only too well known to those
that have studied both sides of the question, and
performed pitting and planting under the two ways
just referred to. In the case of light sandy soil it
may not be at all necessary to open the pits for any
length of time previous to planting being engaged
in ; but where it is in the least stiff and lumpy such
a course of treatment, in allowing the soil to become,
by the action of the weather, thoroughly broken up
and pulverised, should be insisted upon. When
opening the pits — which should always be large in
proportion to the size of the roots of the plants to
be inserted — chop up well the turf removed from the
snrfece and place it in the bottom of the same or
adjoining pit, this being especially necessary in the
case of poor and thin soils, and when the top few
inches contains the whole or most of the valuable
matter in the land.

Make the pits of sufficient size to allow of a quantity
of soil being placed between the root extremities and
the edge of the hole, so that for the first two or three
years at least, the tender rootlets may ramble amongst
free open soil previous to penetrating the hard un-
broken ground outside. It is likewise well, in addi-
tion to making the pits of large size, to thoroughly
loosen by means of a pick the soil in the bottom and
around the margin of each ; indeed when this is
properly carried out the usual dimensions of the pits
may be much reduced. Let any one carefully note
the results of planting carried out on stiff soils, and
he will see the advantages of careful pitting carried
out for a considerable time previous to planting as
contrasted with pitting and planting engaged in at
the same time.

Next to careful and timely preparation of the
ground, the next all-important though oft-neglected
point is to choose such trees as are most suitable
for tlie particular quality of the ground, for trees to
really make a remuueraiive return must he in their
own soils.

No person with any knowledge of trees and their
requirements, will plant the Sycamore, Ash, or Lime,
on stiff, heavy clays ; the Larch or Elm, on gravelly
soils, nor the Oak in ])Oor, thin, and exposed lands.
Yet wrong and unprofitable as such may be, it is the
case in this country, that too often such mistakes are
committed ; and not long ago, we had occasion to
thin a large plantation of Larch, that twenty-three
y^ars previous had been planted on a sandy hillside,
the result being that four-fifths of the trees were
pumped and rotten to the core. i

Many such cases that have come undqi- our own
notice might be pointed out, such as plantations of
Oak being formed wliere the Elm and Ash would
have been far moie remunerative, and the latter
occupying calcareous gravel, where the Bdech alone
should have been planted.

Adaptability of the trees to the soil, should never
be lost sight of, indeed should always be the first and
most important consideration.

Where plantations of great extent are beiag formed,
it is nearly always the case that great varieties of
soils, and, perhaps, exposures will present themselves,
and then the planter can find ample ro(Jm for his
varied stock of trees. For wet ground he \jill choose
the Alder, Willow, Poplar, and Spruce, the drier
portions of the same being planted with )he Birch,
Ash, and Lime; while heavy soils of goid quality
will receive as their crop the Sycamore, Ilm, Oak,
and Walnut. Then, again, on the most exposed and
wind-tortured side he will plant such wellltried sub-
jects as the Austrian, Corsican, and Scotoh Pines,
the Sycamore, winged Elm, Mountain Aih, Birch,
Elder,' and Hornbeam; while should his flantation
run down near the sea-coast the Stone aid Cluster
Pines, Willow, Poplar, and Sycamore! may be
planted with every chance of succeeding m a most
satisfactory way. For town planting, 0| where a
wood infringes on the smoke-begrimed| outskirts
thereof, plenty of trees quite equal to tha occasion
may be pointed out, such .as the Tree if Heaven
(Ailantus glandulosa), the London Planelthe False
Acacia, Ash, Laburnum, Thorns, Pyrusiof sorts,
Elm, and variegated Sycamore. A D. Websi

The Hardy Fruit Gai^den.

Pkep.^rations for Pl.wtisg. — Any old torn-out
wall trees that are intended to be replaced ly young
ones should be destroyed as soon as the frui, if any,
is gathered, and all the old roots thorougljy eradi-
cated, and at least a cartload of the old \jorn-out
soil removed ; also attend to the drainage if ifective,
put all in thorough order and have som fresli-
cut turf ready to turn grass-side downwards Iver the
drainage. The best material for filling-in rejind the
roots of the fresh trees is turf (which hs been
stacked for twelve months), mixed with sons lime-
rubble, some of which can be placed in th holes ;
this should be done so that when the tfees are
received they can be planted at once. If iibe the
intention to transplant any trees, now is tit time,
while there is warmth in the soil, so that betre the
winter sets in the trees may form fresh root^ which
is a matter of the utmost importance.

Strawberry Plantations.— These will againjequire
to be looked over, all runners removed, and weeds
kept in check. It is a good plan to keep the irface-
soil loose and open throughout the winter moiths, to
enable the rains to pass quickly away frdu the
surface. Young plantations will be greatly baiefited

by an early mulching of manure. I find old Mus,li-
room-bed manure most suitable for this purpose.
Older plantations, which will be fruiting next season
for the last time, will be benefited by a top-dressing
of old loamy potting soil, which, if applied between
the rows of plants at an early date, and stirred in
with the hoe, will afford them great assistance, as
their roots will soon ramify into such fresh materials
much more' readily than if a heavy dressing pf
manure were applied to the plants. E. Ward, Hcv.'cU,
BroDisijrow.

The Kitchen Garden.

Lifting and Stokixo Hoots. — Most of the root
crops being now in a fit condition for storing, oppor-
tunities should be taken in suitable weather, to
secure them.

IScrtrout. — Tliese being taken first will require
more care in lifting than others, and should be lifted
ni* intact as possible, without being bruised or broken,
pulling off a few only of the outer anddecayed leaves,
tl:e remainder being removed later when withered,
and then finally stored in a frost-proof shed or cellar.

Salsifi/, Scor^onera, and Chicory. — These should
follow, only the useful roots being retained. Of
Chicory a few roots should be placed in the Mush-
room-house, to bleach for salad.

Turnips, when sufficiently large, should be pulled
at intervals, throughout the winter ; fur unless the
weather be very severe they will continue to grow for
some time to come, and are much better in quality if
not lifted and stored too soon. Large full-grown
roots of these sufier more from the effects of frost
than smaller ones, and should therefore be pulled in
due season, and kept in reserve for mere flavouring
uses.

Parsnips ami Carrots. — As a rule, the former are
best lifted as required for use, until spring ; but
where the soil is of a wet nature, and the roots given
to canker, they are better lifted, stored in air-tight
bins or pits, in sand or fine ashes. The main crop
of Carrots should also be got up and treated in a
similar manner. Late sowings of the Horn section,
for use in a small state, may, however, be allowed to
remain in the ground for some time longer, and until
they have ceased to grow.

Jerusalem Artichokes, being hardy, may be lifted at
any time as required for use, but in case of frost
setting in, it is best to have a supply on hand.

Under whatever conditions roots are stored, it
is essential that they be kept moderately dry and
cool, and where frost is effectually excluded, taking
care that too many are not placed together to become
heated, which jiroduces decay.

General Wor/t. — Keep the surface of the soil hoed
between all gi'owing crops, such as Lettuce, Cabbage,
and the like, and make an additional planting of
the latter ; earth up the earlier plantings, and before
doing so give the whole surface a good dusting with
fresh quicklime to check the ravages of slugs ; the
same remark also applies to Celery, which should be
served in like manner prior to being earthed-up.
To assist and hasten the growth of late Turnips give
one or two top-dressings of artificial manure, fre-
quently moving the surface of the soil by applica-
tions of the Dutch hoe. Winter Spinach also, if not
making satisfactory progress, should be assisted in a
like manner, the young plants being eventually
thinned sufficiently to allow room for each plant to
fully develope itself. Both Celery and Leeks should
be earthed-up on every suitable opportunity, the
former for the most part finally. Caulifiowers that
are fit should be cut and placed in a cool shed or
light cellar; others not so far advanced can have the
leaves broken down over them as a protection against
frost. Young autumn-sown plants should be drawn
from the seed-beds and replanted into cold frames,
&c.. as advised in a former Calendar. Gather
Tomatos, even if only partially coloured, and lay
them out on shelves or boards to ripen in a warm
dry house. A little later, and before they become
affected with frost, the remaining fruits should be
taken off in bunches with the stalks attached and
hung in suitable quarters to ripen.

Mushroom-house. — Those beds that were spawned
last month should be showing, and light dampings
of tepid water should be given to beds that are very
dry ; but anything like heavy waterings must be
at"preseiit and until the Mushrooms are in a more
advanced stage. The house should be kept in a
moderately moist condition, and would be benefited
by having a little fire-heat turned on at night. John
Austen, Witley Court Gardens.

436

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTODEE 8^ 1SS7.

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to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delai/ in the delieenj by post, the corer should be
forwarded icith complaint ).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellinytoa Street,
Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETING.

/ Roynl HorticultunJ Society : Fniit
\ ami Fiorul Committeei.

TUESDAY, Oct. 11 ' Horticuitural Club,

) United Horticultural lienelit nii.l

( Provident Society.

i National Chrvsanthemura : Floral

WEDNF.SD.\y, Oct. IS-' Committee.

( Eoyul Microscopical Society.

rirr M\} Stevens Rooms.
uLi. iu<; y|.^.^j jj^j^ ^f Dutch Bulbs, at Fro-
L theroe & Morns' Rooms.

1 Extensive Clearance Sale of Palms
and Ferns, at the Upton Park
Nursery, ij'pton ; also the Fiee-
hold Nursery, by Protheroe &
Morris,
Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
First-class Bulbs from Holland, at

Stevens' Rooms,
Orchids in flower and bud, and
imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Important Sale of Nursery Stock at
Elvastou Nurseries, Borrowash,
near Derby, by Protheroe &
Morris (two days).
Trade Sale of Azaleas, Spireas, &c.,
by Protheroe & MoiTis.
/Valuable and extensive import a-
\ tions of Orchids, from Mr. G. T.
Oct. 13-; White, at Stevens' Rooms.

I Great Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Pru-
V, theroe & Morris' Rooms.
^ „ , , ( Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
"'^^' ^*1 Morris' Rooms.

I First-class Bulbs from Holland, at

/^„... 1 - ) Stevens' Rooms.
Got. 1o< „„,„,, ,

WEDNESDAY, Oct. \i{

The Royal There are many signs that the
Horticultural period of comparative inaction has
Society. passed, and that the time has
come for resuming vigorous work. The Council
of the Royal Horticultural Society has not
worked quite so hard as the members of Parlia-
ment did during the late session, bitt on the
other hand, it has to begin work again at an
earlier period. The vacation was inaugurated
by an address to ''Dear Sir Trevor" by one
member of the Council — it ends with a similar
epistle from another. Poor Sir Tre^-or ! if all
the counsellors follow suit and make known to
him, and to the public, their views in this fashion
the result will be rather embarassing, as it is
notorious that opinions are somewhat varied, not
to say antagonistic, among the members of
Council.

With the aims and objects of Professor
rosiEn's proposals we are, as we have already
said, in the main, in thorough accord. Our ideal
Horticultural Society is catholic and compre-
hensive as well as individual and special, and has
often been sketched out in these columns, and in
terms practically identical with those of Pro-
fessor Foster. Similarly, we have nothing but
warm approval to give to Sir. G. F. '\\'ilson*.s
scheme of guinea Fellowships, already in partial
operation, and which we are glad to find him
again advocating.

Professor Foster starts with the assumption
that the resolutions adopted at the meeting of
the Fellows on .Tune 28 last constituted a " deci-
sion not only as to the home, but as to the policy

of the Society." This may be a convenient
assumption— it may have been perfectly legiti-
mate at the time, but whether it would be
equally so under altered circum.stances is another
question. At any rate the decision must now
rest with the Council. We do not suppose any
horticulturist, amateur or professional, however
much he may differ on points of detail, will
disagree with the general scope of policy laid
tlown by Professor Foster. His ideas of what
the Society should do, and what it should not
tlo, meet with general acceptance among horti-
culturists ; it is as to the methods to be adopted
to carry out these proposals that the great dif-
ferences of opinion and difficulties will arise. The
financial question is at the root of everything
connected with the Society. It need not,
indeed, be made the first consideration in
onler of time, but no scheme of any kind
can be devised without reference to it. Even if
nothing be done — even if the present state of
stagnant vitality be prolonged— money must be
found by some one, were it only to give the
Society decent burial when the end comes. A\'e
refuse, however, to believe the Society has come
to such a pass. We are firm believers in its
rejuvenescence ; but in order to secure that
I'esult we must all lay aside " fads " and precon-
ceived Lotions, and look the facts fairly in the
face in the light of existing circumstances — a
light fed, it mu.st be remembered, from the stores
accumulated during the past history of the
Society. A^'e need not here dilate upon the
present state of things — we all know it too
well ; b\it we would ask whether the history
of the Society does not conclusively show that,
so long as it confined itself to its legitimate
work of promoting horticulture it succeeded':'
When il condescended to make the attempt to
please tie fashion of the town it failed — as it
deserved to do. A\'e suppose that two-thirds of
the former Fellows and subscribers — we say
former because th"ir numbers are a rapidly
vanishing quantity — cared nothing whatever for
horticulture, but only for bands and promenades
and suci-like things, wherein the very last thing
thought of was the promotion of horticulture. To
have a society made up of an overpowering
majorit? of such elements is a fearful source of
weakneis. A\'ell, they are gone — at least, there
will no. be many of them left at Christmas.
The coistituency will then consist of horticul-
turists p-oper (whose numbers, we believe, might
be largely augmented), and Life Fellows with
vested interests, but whose hearts must be in
the rifht places or they would not be where
they ai'?.

We (xpect to hear our statement questioned by
some ^^hen we say that the Society has succeeded
in its I'gitiniate work'. This is a view which will
not canmend itself to the Chancellor of the
Excheiuer, but in estimating the results of a
man's character and lite-work the biographer
does lot make it a primary consideration to
ascert:in how much his hero had in the Funds,
nor dees he value the worth of the man's career
by th( balance at his banker's. And so with the
Sooiet' : we claim for it an amount of success
far inadvance of that of any other society of its
kind ; but it is a purely horticultural success —
work hat will influence the future of horticul-
ture or generations to come. Even in these
later times of despondency its several " Con-
gresses " have been unqualified successes, and its
litera-y products fully equal to those of any
othei society at home or abroad. It is but a
shor time since we were appealed to, to furnish
full )articulars as to the organisation and work-
ing 't the Society's committees ; and the result

was the formation of similar committees at Ghent
under the auspices of the Pioyal Agricultural
and Botanical Society of that city. Only a day
or two since a similar application came to us
from Amsterdam, and we know that committees,
based on the same models, are at work in
America and in Germanj'. Does that look like
failure ? Of the other material successes of the
Society in the past we need not speak. We
advert to them here to emphasise our opinion,
that success is to be sought in horticulture— and
horticulture only. It is on these grounds, and
these alone, that the Society has any claims
on the Commissioners, or on the public ; but it
is lamentable to see how these claims have been
ignored. AX'hy, at the Fcrestry Pioard it is
suggested to secure delegates from this, that,
and the other society — all good in their way —
but not one of them superior, as regards the
interests of scientific forestry, to the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society, which is entirely passed over !
Flower shows, as such, do not pay even when
they attract multitudes of people. Of the himdreds
of thousands who visited the wonderfitl exhibi-
tions made by Mr, Ware in the conservatory
during the continuance of the Indo-Coloiiial
Exhibition, how many became Fellows of the
Society ? Was there even one ? Let those who
think it is part of the duty of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society to cater for the popular amuse-
ment, whether of the classes or the masses, and
who are of opinion that in that direction trends
the road to financial success, ponder over that fact.
The question as to the domicile of the Society
must be regulated in large measure by the
decision of the Council as to its future policy.
If we are to enter into competition with Buffalo
Bill or Olympia, nothing short of the Crystal
Palace {absit omen) will suffice, at any rate we
should require a large space in an accessible
locality, and a continuous expenditure of large
sums of money for advertising and other pur-
poses.

A purely horticultural programme would be
much less costly to carry out. In the first place
we have Chiswick : let us stick to it like limpets —
what is more, let us endeavour to develope it in
every possible way. From the Chancellor
of the Exchecjuer's point of view even,
there is a good chance here. Chiswick is no
longer a remote, thinly-populated suburb — it
covers now a large area, peopled with well-to-do
inhabitants. The railway communication is so
good, that for all practical purposes the now
large towns of Richmond, Ealing, Kingston, and
numerous smaller places, may be said to be con-
veniently within the Chiswick radius.

.\. room, with a table and a chair or two, in
London, would suffice for oflice purposes ; and
efforts might be concentrated for the time on
Chiswick. Of course we should not advocate th's
as a permanency — the inconvenience of having
the library and the meetings always at Chiswick
would be too great.

For a long time the opinion has been gaining
ground that the Society must quit South Ker.-
sington, and all its associations, in spite of tie
money expended upon it, and for which compen-
sation would not be forthcoming; and this opinicii
was aflirmed at the meeting above referred to : but
if we are rightly informed, circumstances have
considerably altered since then, and the Society
might probably — so it is alleged — remain where
it is, on easy terms, if it thought fit to do
so, and make provision for the much required
offices, committee-rooms, and library. The
great objection that we see to this proposal
is those terrible Commissioners. The view
they took of their duty to the Society in the

|"H ,,Vl'l'''l " ,'||

1,"

438

THE GA I? D ENEB S' CUB ONI CL E.

[October 8, 1887.

past, and the verbal pledges made professedly in
their name, do not lead ns to place much con-
fidence in any arrangements made with such a
body. Again, the temptation to enter the arena
again as public entertainers would, we fear, be
too great to be resisted, if the Society remained
ftt South Kensington ; and we'should have the
did story over again on a smaller scale. On the
other hand, it must be admitted that South
Kensington is very convenient to many of the
most active workers in the Society. It is a
familiar locality to the gardening world, and
doubtless at a comparatively small cost suitable
accommodation could be had or created there.
To remain there would, moreover, be acceptable
to Her Majesty as Patron, and would serve to
maintain the continuity of the Prince Coxsonx's
noble ideas. These are matters not to be
neglected, even though we fear but little weight
can now be attached to them.

Various other sites have been suggested, some
utterly impracticable on account of the cost,
others unsuitable from ona or another cause.

One scheme much affected by some would pro-
vide either a permanent home or, at least,
intermittent and temporary accommodation as
often as wanted within the limits of the City.
A temporary construction might, it is allirmed,
be erected — say, in Finsbury Circus — for the
fortnightly meetings, and these meetings would
be sufficiently attractive to secui-e a large City
connection. ^V'hen the proposal was hinted at
in the City, some time since, it is within our
cognisance that it was considered probable that
many members of the Stock Exchange and
Lloyd's, with a sprinkling of merchants, who
never go to Kensington on account of the time
required, would not think it a trouble to bring
specimens or pay a visit to a meeting at some
convenient spot in the City at suitable times.
But, unfortunately, this is a _matter of surmise
only!

The question of site determined, the means of
making the meetings attractive and useful to
outside horticulturists would need to be con-
sidered, but that would offer difficulties of
only minor importance to the others. One
department of work the Society has never
taken up, but it might with great propriety
do so — we allude to the economic and social
questions in which horticulture and horti-
culturists are concerned ; we allude to such
matters as the rating question as it affects
gardens and plant-houses, whether in private or
trade occupation ; railway rates, allotments, &c.
By taking up such practical subjects on broad
lines, wholly apart from party politics, the So-
ciety would do much to wipe out the oft-
heard reproach of the provincial nurserymen,
and the smaller nurserymen generally, that
the Society does nothing for them. The
Education question, again, is one that should be
at once taken in hand, and by no one could it be
done more effectively than by the Society. But
this is too large a question to be dealt with at the
fag end of an article.

The Manchester Apple and Pear Show.—
The above exhibition will be iield on Friday, the
14th inst., entries closing on the 11th. The compe-
tition will be divided into four classes — nurserymen,
amateurs, local amateurs residing within 20 miles
of Manchester Town H.iU, and open classes. In the
first class named, £3G ; in the second, £31 ; in the
third, £26; and in the fourth, £20, will be respect-
ively awarded in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th prizes. The
show, which will keep open till the 17th inst., will be
held in the Royal Jubilee Buildings, Old Trafford.
Cut flowers and other items will be included amongst

the objects on exliibition. Mr. Beuce Findl-w
informs us that schedules may be obtained on appli-
cation to him [at tne Koyul Botanic Gardens, Man-
chester.

The " KeW Bulletin."— The ninth number is
devoted to the publication of further information
relating to Annatto (Bi.xa Orellana). It is pointed
out that if our colonists in Guiana and the West
Indies would prejjare and pack the seeds as carefully
as the French colonists in Cayenne, they might
secure an industry for our own colonies that is now
entirely in the hands of the French. A summary is
given of the articles contributed to the Kew Museums
from the Indo-Colonial E.'ihibition of 1886.

ENGLER'S "Naturlichen Pflanzen-fami-
LIEN." — This work progresses ap.ace. The last part
contains a brief history of the Kestiacea-, Eriocaula-
cea;, and other orders, of which tlie Bromeliacea',
treated by Professor Wittmack, are the most import-
ant to horticulturists.

ThUIA GIGANTEA.— Among the additions to the
Kew Museum from the Indo-Colonial Exhibition
were a mask, a huge whistle, spoon, &c., made of
the even-grained wood of Thuia gigantea by the
Indian natives of Canada ; also a native head-dress
made of the bark, which is remarkably fibrous, and
is so strong that mats are made from it, and when
twisted and plaited it forms a good material for
making baskets.

Canadian Fruits. — Among pai>ers recently
published, relating to Her Majesty's Colonial Pos-
sessions, is a re])ort on Canadian Apples and other
fruits, prepared in response to an invitation from the
Assistant Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. In
addition to several well known kinds, it includes
several that are common in the United States, but
not well known here. The Apples grown for exporta-
tion to this country are principally Baldwins, Golden
Russet, and Xorthern Spy. The cultivation of Pears
in British Columbia is advocated.

Royal Microscopical Society.— The next

meeting of the Society will be held on Wednesday,
the 12th inst., at 8 o'clock precisely, when the fol-
lowing papers will be read : — " Twenty-four Xew
Species of Rotifera," by Mr. P. II. Gosse ; '■ Obser-
vations on the Metamorphoses of Amu;ba; and Ac-
tinophrys," by Mr. C. B. Beadmont.

Honours to Horticulturists —MM. Baltet

and H. de Vilmokin have been appointed officers of
the Imperial Order of the "Dragon of Annam." May
no St. George ever injure these most estimable
dragons ! M. De Nobele, Professor at the School
of Horticulture of Ghent, has been created a Cheva-
lier of the " Merite Agricole " of France.

Lewisham and District Floral Society.

— This Society's Chrysanthemum exhibition will be
held on November 11 and 12, at the Lewisham
I'ublic Baths.

Hull and East Riding Chrysanthemum

Society. — We are requested to state that, from the
present date, all communicatious should be addressed
to Mr. Edward IUrland, Hon. Sec, Manor Street,
null.

Five Hundred Thousand Othellos.— In a

French journal we read this announcement, which,
after making all allowance for Gallic exaggeration,
is sufficiently terrible ; but we are reassured on
finding that it applies to a Grape Vine so named.

The Oranges of India.— Dr. Bonavia has,

we learn, just completed a volume on the history and
cultivation of tlie various members of the Orange
tribe in India. It is a fascinating subject, appealing
to the historian and the naturalist, as well as to the
cultivator and the merchant. Dr. Bonavia's work
treats of the several varieties, appropriately classified ;
the modes of cultivation, the commercial statistics,

the botanical and antiquarian subjects connected '
with the genus, and a host of miscellaneous matters.
The book will be accompanied with an atlas of litho-
graphed outlines, showing the forms of the fruit and
leaves. The work will be published by Messrs
W. II. Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place. From the
large number of illustrations the book must of neces-
sity be somewhat costly, but it is one which, if
carried out on the lines indicated in the prospectus
before us, should find a place in all libraries devoted
to horticulture and the agriculture of warm countries.

Nottinghamshire Horticultural and Bo-
tanical Society.— The monthly meeting of the
Society will be held at the Mechanics' Institute,
Nottingham, on Wednesday, October 12, at 7*30 p.m.
Certificates, of three degrees of Merit, will be offered
for collections of hardy fruit, and for six and three
v.arieties, and for one dish ; similarly for Potatos, in-
clusive of a First-class Certificate for the best dish
of any new variety.

The Bulb Trade. — Some exception has been
taken to our statement that there has been a falling
off in the quantities of bulbs sold by the leading
houses. We had no special firm in view, but we are
glad to learn that Messrs. Sutton, amongst others,
have done a larger and more profitable bulb trade
for the last three seasons, and especially in the
present autumn, than ever before.

The Horticultural Club. — The next

monthly dinner and conversu:ione of the Horticul-
tural Club, will take place on Tuesday, the 11th inst.,
at 6 P.M. Subject for discussion, " October Pears,"
introduced by Mr. Geo. Bl-n-y.ved.

Nepenthes at Messrs. Veitch'S, Chelsea.

— In the Pitcher-house here a grand array of
Nepenthes may now be witnessed ; we seldom
remember having seen the plants here better fur.
nished. N. Rajah has become, after years of experi-
mentalising, amenable to the system of culture
pursued, many specimens being fairly well furnished
with its distinct-looking yawning pitchers of red-
brown. Several very fine forms of this species were
observed, all differing from each other in certain
points. N. Mastersiana X , N. cylindrica. the singularly
frilled N. Veitchii, and N, Northiana (the size, form,
and colouring no less than history of which are all
noteworthy), were other species in fine order, N.
Mastersiana X showing forms of a lighter shade than
the type.

Scottish Horticultural Society.— This

Society held its ordinary monthly me^'ting at 5, St.
Andrew's Square, Edinburgh, on Tuesday, the 4th
last., Mr. A. Milne presiding. The attendance was
a large one. A paper on " Seeds and their Germina-
tion " was read by Mr. A. Macalpine, B.Sc, Minto
House, Edinburgh. Exhibits of Chrysanthemums
and other flowers were sent by several local nursery-
men and gardeners.

Lapagerias at Messrs. Veitch's, Chelsea.

— Tlie plants trained over the roof and walls of the
ccrridor at the King's lload entrance to the estab-
lishment present at the present time a picture of great
beauty, the roof especially being richly festooned
with the flowering shoots of the red and white
varieties. Originally planted at the foot of the pillars
supporting the roof, the plants have spread by their
underground rhizomes in every direction through the
soil of which the border is made, and have now par-
tially covered the side walls with strong growths —
from some unknown reasons stronger on the east
aspect than the west. The vigorous spread of the
plants strikingly supports the oft-recommended
practice of planting the Lapageria in borders in
preference to confining its roots in any way.

A Hard Wood. — In the September number of
the Kew Balldiii it is stated that— The most remark-
able, perhaps, of all the Cape woods is the Umzurabit
or L^mtiza (Millettia cafra), a small but common
tree of the East London and Transkeian coast

OCTOBEE 8, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CEBONICLE.

439

forests. It attains a height of 39 to 35 feet, and a
diameter of H to 2 feet. Urazumbit is remarkable
for its deeply fluted stem and very hard well-deiined
heartwood. The most valuable Kaffir walking-
sticks are made from tiiis wood by splitting a
billet out of the centre of the tree, and then
paring away all but the knots to the thickness
required. Clubs and amulets are also made from the
wood in the Transkei. Owing to the small size of
the tree, and its curious habit of growth, it can only
be used for small work ; but the rich colouring of the
strongly marked lieartwood has a handsome appear-
ance against the hard but light coloured sapwood
.... Urazumbit will probably be a valuable tree,
if the Transkeian forests are systematically worked.
It is believed to be the hardest and heaviest wood in
South Africa. Reporting on this wood Mr. Rax-
some says : — ' Being very hard, of a somewhat
greasy nature, and free from resin, Umznmbit is con-
sidered an excellent wood for bearings, the result of
some experiments with the diamond polishing
machines at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition
showing that it will last nearly seven times as long as
Lignum vita\' "

Luton Fruit, Root, and Vegetable So-
ciety.—The committee of this youthful Society
held their second annual show in the Plait
Hall, Luton, on Wednesday. October 5, under the
patronage of His Excellency, JL dk Falbe, the
Danish Minister ; Baron Leopold de Rothschild,
CyRiL Flower, Esq., M.P. ; and II. BnANDiiETH,
Esq., J.P. A very good show of fruits, .&c., was
brought togetlicr, an account ot which we shall pub-
lish in our next issue.

The Value of Apples and Pears in the

London Market.— We extract the following from
the Kcdcr Vailij nW.crii Tinu^s of September 22 :—

" I thought a statement as under might interest
many readers among the agi'icultural and gardening
interests of your very widely-spread paper. On
September 5 and 10 I sent to a salesman at Spital-
fields Market forty-nine sieves of Apples and Pears,
each sieve weighing about 50 lb. nett, so that the
consignments consisted of about 1 ton 2 cwt. of fruit,
the whole of which were for table and cooking pur-
poses, and of good size and quality. The labour in
collecting, packing, cost of straw, paper, and cord
amounted to about \^s. Account sales were as
follows: —

Sopt.

s tuUi!

Apples, at Is. 6.'/.
Pears, at Is.

rf.

Stamp. \d. : Post-offici

He adds that he trui-ts this will be to my satisfaction.
H. Phtsick, Alphington Boad, Sept. 20, 1887."

The United Horticultural Benefit and
Provident Society.— This Society will celebrate
the twenty-first anniversarv of its existence by a
dinner on Tuesday, October 11, at the Caledonian
Hotel, Hubert Street, Adelphi Terrace, Strand,
London, W.C. Mr. Hakry .1. Veitch will be in the
chair; the Vice-Chairman, Mr. Richard Ue.\n. Per-
sons desirous of being present should communicate
with the Treasurer, Jlr. James Htdson, Gunnersbury
House Gardens, Acton, W.

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

At a meetincr of the Executive Committee, held
on Friday last, George Deal, Esq., in the chair, the
following, who have accepted office as Honorary
Local Secretaries, were appointed for the various
districts in which they are resident. A sub- com-
mittee was appointed to select local secretaries for
Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Several applications
lor the benefits of the " Fund " have already been
received.

Several of the trade wrote making proposals for
the distribution of circulars with regard to the Fund
in their catalogues, which the committee highly
approved of, and the lion. Secretary, Jlr. A. F.
Barron, Koyal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, will be pleased to receive tlie names of
others.

Hcd/ardshire. — Mr. Empson, AmpthiU House Gar-
dens, Ampthill.

Ber/isliire.—Mv. C. Howe, Benham Park Gardens,
Newbury ; Mr. J. H. Rose, Lockinge Gardens;
Wa'ntage : Mr. J. H. Millard, Reading.

Buckinghamshire.— '>,lr. G. T. Miles, ^yycombe
Abbey Gardens, High Wycombe.

Camhridgeshire. — Mr. J. Taylor, Sefton Park Gar-
dens, Newmarket.

Cheshire. — Mr. J. Atkins, Tattou Park Gardens,
Knutsford.

Derbyshire. — Mr. J. H. Goodacre, Elvaston Castle
Gardens, Derby ; Mr. W. Bennett, Rangemare Gar-
dens, Burton-on-Trent ; Mr. G. Bolas, Hopton Hall
(iardens, Worksworth.

Vcroiishirc. — Jlr. Peter Veitch, Royal Nurseries,
E.\eter ; Mr. D. C. Powell, Powderham Castle Gar-
dens, Kenton ; Jlr. G. Baker, Membland Hall Gar-
dens, Ivybridge ; Mr. W. Napper, Messrs. Lucombe,
Pince & Co., The Nurseries, E.\eter.

Dorsetshire. — Mr. T. Dennv, Down House Gardens,
Blandford.

£•«■«. -Mr. S. Coulter, Copt Hall Gardens,
Epping.

Gloitcestershire. — Mr. W. Foster, nurseryman,
Stroud.

Hamjjshire.— Mr. W. Wildsmith, Heckfield Place
Gardens, Winchfield ; Mr. W. Earp, Hume Tower
Gardens, Bournemouth ; Mr. G. H. Richards, Somer-
ley Gardens, Riugwood.

Herefordshire. — Mr. W. Coleman, Eastnor Castle
Gardens, Ledbury ; Mr. C. Denning, Holme Lacy
Gardens, Hereford.

Her/furdshire.—m: I. C. Mundell, Moor Park Gar-
dens, Rickmansworth.

Kent.— ilr. R. Cannell, The Nurseries, Swanley ;
Jlr. F. Miller, Northdown Park Gardens, Margate ;
Mr. W. G. Head, Crystal Palace, Sydenham.

Lancashire. — Mr. Atherton, Fern Bank Gardens,
Cadley ; Mr. Goldby, Walton's Nursery, Burnley.

Lincolnshire, — Mr. D. Lumsden, Bloxholm Hall
Gardens, Sleaford ; Mr. H. Divers, Ketton Hall Gar-
dens, Stamford.

Norfolk.— Mr. S. Castle, West Lynn, King's Lynn;
Mr. C. Penny, Sandringham Gardens, King's Lynn.

Northamptonshire. — Mr. H. Birch, Castle Ashby
Gardens.

Somersetshire. — ^Mr. J. C. Clarke, Cothelstone
House Gardens, Taunton ; Mr. J. H. Vallance, Red-
land Lodge Gardens, Bristol ; Mr. W. Iggulden,
Jlarston Gardens, Frome; Mr. J. EUicott, Crowe
Hall Gardens, Bath.

Stt^Jordshire.—Ut: J. Udale, Elford Hall Gardens,
Tamworth.

Suffolk.- Mr. D. T. Fish, Hardwick House Gar-
dens, Bury St. Edmunds; Mr. W. Low, Euston Hall
Gardens, Thetford ; Mr. J. Bole, Somerleyton Hall
Gardens, Lowestoft.

Surrey. — Mr. H. Appleby, Boxhill Nursery, Dork-
ing; Mr. J. Burnett, The Deepdene Gardens,
Dorking ; Mr. G. W. Cummins, The Grange Gar-
dens. Wallington ; Mr. F. Boss, Pendell Court
Gardens, Bletchingley.

Susse.r. — Mr. A. J. Brown, The Lodge, Finches,
Lindneld.

Warwickshire. — Mr. R. Greenfield, Priory Gardens,
Warwick.

rVestmerelaiid.-Mr. W. A. Miller, Underley Hall
Gardens, Kirkby Lonsdale.

JF//i's.— Mr, li. W. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens,
Salisbury ; Mr. A. l^ead, Grittleton House Gardens,
Cliippenham.

Worcestershire. — Mr. W. Crump, Madresfield Court
Gardens, Great Malvern ; Mr. J. Austen, Witley
Court Gardens, Stourport.

Yorkshire. — Rfr. H. J. Clayton, Grimston Park
Gardens, Tadcaster ; Mr. R. Scott, Moorfield Gardens,
Manningham, Bradford ; Mr. G. Hemming, Allerton
Hall Gardens, Leeds ; Mr. E. Austeu, Browville House
Gardens, Sheffield.

CHRISTMAS ROSES.

So mucli has been written in recent years on the
merits of Christmas Ivoses, that what follows may be
thought by many almost superfluous. Without
exaggeration we may say that, among all the modern
introductions to our store of hardy plants, there is
not one to equal the subject of this heading, and
why ? Because they supply us in mid-winter with a
quantity of bloom of matchless purity, rivalling ia
this respect the Stephanotis floribunda and Eucharis
amazonica. Only the rich can command these
tender "exotics, but every cottager may possess his
clumps of Christmas Koses ; and in large gardens
tlie gardener may have an abundance of white
flowers just at the time when they are usually most
scarce, and more particularly when the Chrysan-
tiiemum season is over. For instance, I have cut
them in April from stools that had given their
first blooms in the previous January. Here, in the
South of Ireland, we grow them in all possible
positions; but they seem to grow and flower best in
a sheltered aspect facing east, where the mid-day
sun's rays do not reach them after noon ; and when
established in such places plants get but a few hours
out of the twenty-four, of cool sunlight. This is
of the greatest advantage to the moisture-loving,
fleshy roots, as without good attention to this matter,
and especially to watering durinj summer, we are sure
to get a scanty supply of ill-shaped blooms, with
short flower-stalks and poor foliage.

In addition to what can be grown extensively out-
of-doors, it is a good plan to have some clumps
planted permanently, which may be covered with
frames which rest on brickwork. The soil should be
rich loam, peat, and sand, with charcoal in the
drainage, and rough clinkers, and old spent mortar,
AVe have them also in large tubs — oil barrels, cut
asunder and furnished with iron handles. In such
receptacles we have thirty large clumps of 18 to
24 inches diameter, which are now a mass of foliage
and flower-buds, and particularly the St. Brigid's
variety; and we have no further labour with them
but watering. These tubs will remain out-of-doors
until November, they will then be placed in a cool-
house for simultaneous blooming with Ard-Righ
Daffodils that were potted in August, and in conjunc-
tion with large-leaved Saxifrages (Megaseas), that
are treated in a like manner to the Hellebores. We
shall have a gay winter bloom without any other
artificial aid than that afforded by the glass. The
Megaseas, when grown under glass, are beautiful in
their massive foliage, and the perfume, so delight-
fully like that of the Hawthorn.

When one thinks of the nine months' hard labour
given to Chrysanthemums for a month's enjoyment,
and the wealth of bloom always coming with a glut,
it is satisfactory to look forward to the more pro-
longed season of the Christmas Roses, less the hard
labour, the staking and repotting, the constant water-
ing, pinching, and tying, that the Chrysanthemum
seems to need. It is indeed by many thought
not to be worth the trouble, so that where white
flowers are needed, without the aid of fire-heat, or
much other expense, no plant is equal to Christmas
Koses.

RiYERSTON Hybrid.

The subject of the illustration (fig. 92, p. 437) is
from a sketch by Gertrude Hartland. In this beauti-
ful variety of Christmas Rose we have one that has
been hidden away in some old Irish gardens until
about two years since, when that lover of hardy
plants, Mr. John Poe, of Riverston, Nenagh,
brought it Into notice. It rivals H. maximus
in the size of its blooms, many of them produced in
pairs, some of the individual flowers being from 4 to
5 inches in diameter, and having the distinctive
characteristic ofa purple stigma; the flower-stems are
apple-green, and the leaf-stalk stout, and mottled
with purple. I cannot recognise in it a hybrid from
altifolius, because the latter blooms very early, while
Riverston Hybrid does not flower until after Christ-
mas. I would rather infer that is was a natural cross
between H. caucasicus and H. major, because the

440

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTODEE 8, 1887.

deep green foliage strongly resembles H. cauca-
sicus. It is a tine variety, and wlien ple)itiful
cnougli for distribution will no doubt be much sought
after.

There are other varieties in the collection here,
such as H. rubra variegata, and Miss Hope's variety,
some of which I liave seen in bloom. Variegata
came to me from Baden-Baden. Win. Baylor Hart-
land, Temple Hill, Cork.

Notices of Books.

Table Decoration. By William i^ow. (.Chap-
man S:"Uall.)
Upon receiving a work on any subject of interest,
one naturally opens it with the pleasant anticipation
of pirl;ing up fresh information, and of adding to our
knowledge new ideas and useful hints. One also
expects, and reasonably too, that the title of a
book should represent the nature generally of its
contents. Thus, it would be disappointing to
find, on opening an article upon timber merchants,
that it was merely an account of vendors of lucifer-
matches.

We need hardly remark that table decoration is a
wide subject. There are many forms of tables,
many uses for tables, and many sizes for tables, and
all of these require to be treated differently in the
way of decoration. The decorative treatment of a
round table, a square table, or an oval table, should
differ materially from that of a long and narrow
table. Again, the purpose for which a table is re-
quired should influence the decorator in his arrange-
ments; hall-tables, boudoir-t.ables, drawing-room-
tables, dinner-tables, side-tables, and supper-tables,
should all receive different treatment when being
florally decorated. Furtlier, the groupings for Large
tables should be totally unlike those for smaller ones.
All these considerations are oveidooked in the book
now before us, since it treats of only one form, and
one kind of table, that is, of long narrow dinner-
tables ; and the author still further restricts the field
by making every table, described and illustrated, of
the uniform width of 5 feet 6 inches, the only varia-
tion being in the length which runs from 8 to 18 feet.
Without doubt, much of interest might be written
even upon this very limited branch of table decora-
tion. Mr, Low gives nineteen illustrations of tables,
showing the positions thereon of epergnes, candelabra,
flower and fruit vases, and |)lants. Whetlier these
particular ornaments are suitable for dinner-table
use at all, we are unable to determine ; but when we
read that the two largest white china flower-vases
when furnished with Dahlias and other bold subjects,
" reach to the average heiglit of 19 inches," we may
fairly conclude that the important point in dinner-
table decoration, of not interposing anything between
the guests upon opposite sides of the table which
might interrupt sight or conversation, is altogether
forgotten or ignored.

In the absence of any outline or sketch of the re-
lative height and sizes of the decorations above tlie
cloth, it is impossible to form an idea of the effect
produced. As well might one attempt to think what
would be the probable appearance of a house after
looking at the ground plan. Nevertheless, the illus-
trations, taken in conjunction with the sizes given of
several of the ornaments, incline us to believe tliat
Mr. Low's tables are over-decorated, and that tlie
marginal dishes of flowers and fruit are much too
close to the noses of the guests.

Having thus far remarked upon the decorations
above the table-cloth, we proceed now to consider
those upon the clotli. The designs for these are
well wortliy of attention by those who admire this
style, and they will be found very useful to refer to
when carrying out such arrangements. Some of
them are simple and elegant, but the majority are
far too elaborate, and remind one too much of
designs for carpet-bedding. The great drawback to
this mode of decorating a table is the length of time
taken in the preparation of it and for it, and the

liaucity of msLterials which are suitable for the pur-
pose. Many of the leaves recommended for these
scrolls, such as Pelargonium, I'yrethrum, Ampelopsis.
Leucostegia, Coleus, Lycopodium, and Carrot, would
curl up in a warm room before the dinner was lialf
over, and thus destroy the eft'ect. It is true tliat
they could be made to last longer by being par-
tially dried and pressed or ironed ; but this ruins
their natural appearance, and artificial leaves would
look almost as well. It is singular that Mr. Low
should have omitted to mention Myrtle, the small
brandies and leaves of which are particularly useful
for scroll-work.

The observation which we made respecting the
ornament above the cloth applies equally to those
on the clotli ; there is too much of it. The arrange-
ments would probably look well if carried out upon
tables 12 or 18 inches wider and proportionately
longer, but even then it would be overdone.

What we want is something liglit, pretty and
efi'ective, tliat can be produced quickly, and with a
small variety of materials. Decorators are too much
disposed to run away with the idea that their work, is
the most important part of a good dinner, whereas it
is, after all, only an adjunct. A flower show is one
thing; a dinner is another thing; we thoroughly
enjoy both of these entertainments, and while at a
flower show we appreciate some slight light refresh-
ment, so at a good dinner we e.xpect to find light and
unobtrusive decorations.

Die Erziehung der Pflanzen aus Samen.

(" Raising Plants from Seed.") By II. Jager
and Ernest Benary. Published by the latter at
Erfurt, 1887. 8vo, pp. 423.
Garden literature has of late years been con-
siderably enriclied by some of the leading nursery-
men and seedsmen of England and France, and now
we have, under the above title, an excellent practical
treatise from a well known German firm. The pub-
lication' of a vast array of valuable facts, the result
of years of observation and experiment, should
benelit vendor and purchaser alike. Certainly tlie
authors of the present work deserve the gratitude of
gardeners for the concise form in which tliey offer an
immense amount of useful and interesting infor-
mation.

The book opens with an introduction on the
uses and advantages of raising plants from seed ; and
the body of the work is submitted in four main
divisions with numerous subdivisions, to which there
is a copious index. Part the first is devoted to
general instructions on sowing seeds ; the second to
raising and cultivating vegetables from seed, both
in the open air and in hotbeds ; the third to
raising and cultivating hardy and tender ornamental
plants from seed ; and the fourth is devoted to the
details of raising and cultivating shrubs and trees
from seed. To give au idea of the systematic way in
which the subject is treated, we may explain that the
first part consists of eighteen subdivisions, each with
a descriptive heading. Every operation connected
with raising plants from seed is discussed more or
less 'fully. When and what to buy in seeds ; how
they should be stored ; how to hasten germination ;
and how to defend seed-beds from insects, feathered
and other depredators. Of course, much of the
matter is intended for those who know very little ;
still, the really practical man will find profitable
hints and instructions on points with which he is not
necessarily familiar.

From this book we learn, too, what sorts and kinds
of vegetables are commonly cultivated in Germany,
and what are not. Celeriac is universally grown,
wliile blanched Celery is rarely seen ; yet the one by
no means replaces the other. Here in England the
former is as seldom met with as Celery in Germany.
Kliubarb, we are informed, is still unknown in many
parts of Germany, inasmuch tli.at it is explained what
part is eaten, at what season, and how it is prepared.
It is surprising how exceedingly conservative we all
are in our eating and drinking. In our own country
thousands of tons of this wholesome fruit, if wo m.ay
so call it, are produced annually ; and now that sugar

is so cheap, it has become an indispensable article of
diet. Seakale is another specially English vegetable
that has made little way on the Continent; and
Tomatos are perhajis more slowly gaining ground
than in England.

The part relating to vegetable seeds concludes
with a table indicating approximately the number of
grains of seed in a gramme (or in 5, 10, 20. or
100 grammes, according to the size of the seed) ; the
weight, in grammes, of a litre of the seed ; average
time required to bring the seed to germination ; and
the number of years the various seeds retain their
germinative power sufficiently to be depended upon
for cultural purposes. Eiglit years, we observe, is
the outside limit allowed, though of course this does
not mean that certain seeds will not retain their
vitality much longer. Speaking generally, it would
appear that the seeds which keep longest germinate
quickest.

It is interesting to comp.ire the length of what
may be termed the germinating period of dili'erent
plants of the same natural order. Thus, that of
Sweet Cicely is estimated at 360 days; Chervil and
Angelica at 200 days ; whereas for drill Carrot,
Parsnip, &c., it does not exceed a fortnight. It
is singular, too, that the slowly germinating
seeds retain their vegetative power only one or two
seasons.

One of the most interesting paragraphs is that
relating to the China Aster, which is a specialty of
many of the seed-growers of Germany. A descriptive
table is given of twenty-five of the leading classes or
races of Asters. The various races of Stocks con-
stitute another important branch of the seed industry.
It would be an advantage to have some of these
paragraphs, if not the whole book, in English.

Trees and Shrubs.

KETELEERIA FORTimEI.

The history of this fine tree has been given at
length in these pages, and the opinion expressed that
it was only au abberr.ant form of a Silver Fir
(Abies). 'This opinion was in accordance with the
views of Bentham and Hance, tlie latter of whom
had seen the tiees growing in their native Land. JI.
Carriere, however, who originally established the
genus Keteleeria, and who has recently energetically
reasserted its claims to generic distinction, proves to
have been correct, for male flowers have now been
examined by Professor Pirotta, of Rome, from the
nursery of Messrs. Rovelli at Pallanza. whence also
we obtained the specimens figured at pp. 348, 340,
March 1.5, 1884 ; and 428, 420, April 3, 1886 ; and
these male flowers are so difl'erent from those of any
Abies that there is now good reason to consider M.
Carriere's view as substantiated. What lends
additional interest to the matter is the circumstance
that, as far as we can learn, the male catkins are
borne in umbels, just as in Pseudo-Larix (see
illustration at p. 581, May 3, 1884), so that that
method of arrangement would seem to be a charac-
teristic of certain Chinese Conifers, e.g.. Ginkgo,
Pseudo-Larix, and now of Keteleeria.

Another point worthy of notice, and one which
adds strength to M. Carriere's views, is that the
newly-discovered Abies Davidiana of Franehet, dis-
covered in the province of Chem-si, on the slopes of
the Tsen-ling Mountains (North-west China), by
Abbe David, probably also belongs to the same group
as Keteleeria.

PsEDDO-LAniX K.lilMPFEni.

We are indebted to Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co.
for a photograph of a cone-bearing branch of the
Golden Larch. This is the first time we have seen
a British-grown cone of this species, the fine ex-
amples of cones figured in the Gardeners^ Chronicle
having been obligingly communicated by Sig.
Rovelli, of Pallanza, to whom also we were
indebted for the opportunity of examining and
figuring the male flowers, which enabled us to conr

OcTOBEU 8, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

141

firm the opinion as to the distinctness of this genus
from any other. The Golden Larch at this season of
the year is specially handsome, but we do not tliink
it likely to prove a valuable timber tree in this
country ; at any rate, there is at present no available
evidence.

LAVENDERETTE.

A NOVEL way of utilising the sweetly scented
Lavender flowers is shown in the annexed illustra-
tion (fig. 03). An uneven number of flowers with long
stalk are stied together with very narrow ribbon as
close as possible under the spikes. The stalks are then
turned back over the flowers, and the ribbon woven
in and out, like basket-work, till the whole of the
flower-spikes is covered up. Loops of the same
ribbon are twisted round the stalks to keep them in
place, and a similar cluster flnishes off the tip. The
Lavender emits its perfume through the meshes of
the ribbon, and the Lavenderette may be laid about
without any untidy scattering of the flowers, gene-
rally a gi-eat drawback to the use of dried Lavender.
E. T. M.

each other. If the plants are small an inch or two
less will be enough. The reason Pinks may be
planted so close is, that they are propagated by
pipings, but the Carnations are layered where they
grow.

Forcing Pinks should be placed in their flowering
pots early in October, or even earlier, as they should
be well rooted before severe frosts set in. If the
" pipings," as the cuttings are termed, have been
rooted in a forcing-house early in April, or any time
in that month, they will, if tliey were planted out in
the open ground about the end of May, or the first
week in June, be large clumps now, capable of being
planted in 6 or 7-inch pots. When in the North of
England recently I saw that JIi s. Sinkins was mostly
grown for forcing, but I do not like it so well as
Lady Blanche. This is the host white, and the best
purple kind is Lord Lyons. Mrs. Moore, or Mrs.
Pettifer, are the best in their class — white with
purple centre.

The CiriiYSANTHEMtJM.

The season of the Chrysanthemum extends now
from the first week in September until the end of
JanuaiT, and not in the form of isolated examples

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE HOLLYHOCK.

This, the most stately of autumn-flowering plants,
has, in our garden, belied its n.ame this year. The
tallest plants were not two yards high, and, as a con-
sequence, the flowers were of small size. They were
planted in well trenched and highly manured soil,
but received no water by artificial means, although
the plants were mulched by having some decayed
manure placed round their base. Had they received
plenty of water I have no doubt the stems would
have risen up as tall again, and have been furnished
with flowers of the largest size, as I saw them on the
last day of August at the exhibition at Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, grown, doubtless, in a cooler, moister
atmosphere than we have in the South of England,
at least near London ; at the same time, we must
admit that the Nortli of England growers produce
larger flowers and with petals of greater substance
than any Southern growers have been able to equal.
Such flowers are not produced without careful
attention to all the details of their culture— rich
deep soil, and plentiful supplies of water whenever
the hot weather sets in. Syringing the leaves daily
underneath with clear rain-water keeps them free
of red-spider ; and a necessary part of their culture
when the largest flowers are wanted is, to cut off the
top of the spike to throw more vigour into the lower
flowers.

The whole collection of plants ought now to be
overhauled. The old plants in the open borders
should be dug up and after having the oldest leaves
removed, the long roots cut back, &c., pot them into
7 or 8-inch pots. They should be wintered in a cold
frame. These old stools afford a plentiful supply of
cuttings in January, February, and March. Other
cuttings propagated in summer and autumn, from
eyes or otherwise, should now be potted off, and be
placed near the glass in cold frames, choosing a sunny
position. If there are any insect pests on the plants,
they must be removed ; and perhaps the best plan is
to dip the leaves in a solution of soft-soapy water, to
which has been added some tobacco-water and
flowers of sulphur ; the last-named ingredient will
destroy the mildew, a troublesome parasitical growth
to which the leaves are liable in autumn and winter.

The Pi.vk.
It is quite time that the Pinks of all kinds were
planted out in the beds where they are to flower
next year. They may either be planted in beds or
borders, but it must be borne in mind that to have
large well-laced flowers deep soil is necessary, and
rich manure, the same as the Carnations. The
plants in a bed of Carnations should be at least
18 inches apart, but large-sized plants of Pinks have
ample space if set out at a distance of 9 inches from

Fig. 9.3.— lavk

either. They were exhibited in capital condition at
the Crystal Palace on September 1, and also at Man-
chester two weeks later ; and very useful the flowers
are to cut for decorative purposes in the months of
September and October. They are grown in an open
position out-of-doors, and the plants can either be
dug up and potted, or left to flower in the borders.

Those growing specimens of the late flowering
varieties, either for exhibition or to flower for the
embellishment of the greeniiouse or conserv.atory,
must give the plants a good deal of attention now
and onwards. Those plants intended to produce
large blooms should be looked over frequently to
trap earwigs, and to make sure that no aphis are
clinging round the flower-budj, which are all set
now, or to destroy mildew as soon as it appears on
the leaves. It is a good plan to give the plants a
dressing with some rich material ; we used for this
purpose loam and decayed manure in equal portions.
I have also used guano, of which a very small quan-
tity is sprinkled on the surface about once every
week. This is an excellent manure for all classes of
them, and acts very rapidly aftrr using it.

Specimen plants may be grown almost to any size,
but the smaller examples are the most useful for
furnishing. Pompons may be flowered in 6, 7, and
8-inch pots ; the large-flowering section, and the

Japanese, in pots varying in size from 8 to 12 inches
Whatever m!iy be the sizes used, they are now well
filled with roots, even more so than the taller plants,
grown to produce a very few immensely large
blooms. The specimens require a little weak
mannre-water .at least three times in a week. It is
best to use it in a weak state often, than to give it
strong and seldom. I would also deprecate the
system of tying down the shoots, now well furnished
with bloom. If the plants are well grown they
do not lose their leaves, and the stems ought to
be left as they are, in the upright position that
Nature intended they should take. Why should a
plant be considered meritorious merely because it is
dwarf in habit? In fact, it ought to be a point
against it if the habit has been induced by tying the
shoots down one over the other. If it has been
obtained by good culture, keeping the plants ex-
posed to light and air, &c., that is quite another
thing. J. Douglaf.

Scotland.

THE NURSERIES, MONIFIETH.

These nurseries, belonging to Messrs. Laird &
Sinclair, and lying about six miles eastward of
Dundee, offer somewhat of a surprise to the visitor
who inspects the stock for the first time. The
general idea of the stock of the aversige Scotch
provincial nursery is that it comprises chiefiy Larch,
Scotch Pine, and other hardy forest trees, along with
a sprinkling of fruit trees, Roses, and the hardier
ornamental trees and shrubs. In the main this is
quite correct ; there are, however, a few exceptions,
and the nurseries above named are among the most
notable of these. Great breadths of the more
ordinary stock of forest trees are grown, and grown
well ; fruit trees of the usual kinds grown in Scotch
nurseries occupy considerable space, and the usual
sorts of evergreen and deciduous ornament.al trees
and shrubs are abundant. But what strikes the
visitor for the first time most is the rich variety of
rare and, in many cases, comparatively tender plants
that he finds growing freely in the open air here
without shelter of any kind. The situation is a
bleak one, near the mouth of the estuary of the Tay
and only a few hundred yards distant from its
northern shore. The storms from the German Ocean
are only tempered before they reach the grounds by
their course over the long reaches of Bent-covered
undulating sandy hillocks that intervene. Yet many
shrubs and trees by no means frequently seen in even
the most favoured districts of Scotland not only live
but have attained considerable dimensions.

An experimental garden of about half an acre
in extent, laid out in grass in front of Mr. R. B.
Laird's (the resident p.artner) house is filled
with choice ornamental trees and shrubs more or less
rare, and usually accounted doubtfully hardy in
Scotland. Two noble Sweet Bays flank each side
of the entrance to Mr. Laird's house. They are
free, untrimmed pyramids, over 20 feet in height,
luxuriant in foliage of rich deep green. They with-
stood unscathed the several severe winters that have
occurred during the last twenty years, and are un-
matchable, except in the most favoured south-
western districts of Scotland, for size and symmetry.
To the right, trained to the south front of the house,
is a fine plant of Desfontainea spinosa, covering a
sp.ace of about 6 feet high, by 5 feet wide, and
blooming freely. It has never received protection of
any kind other than that derived from the wall. Near
by on the same wall is a plant of Fabiana imbricata,
.about 7 feet high, iind of proportionate width,
which also receives no protection, but which flowers
freely, with spikes from 6-0 inches long. A speci-
men of Rhododendron Thomsoni, somewhat leggy in
habit, but about 5 feet in height, and in perfect
health, nursed in a little bay formed by some of the
more hardy shrubs, responds occasionally to the care
bestowed upon it with a truss or two of its rich
crimson flowers. Azalea amrena also thrives and

442

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOEEE 8, 1887.

blooms occasionally in sunny nooks, sheltered by
hardier'subjects. Pseudo-Larix Kasmpferi — the Golden
Pine of the Chinese — like its European relative, in a
young state, is apt to be cut by spring frosts, but
lives and makes a squat tabulated bush resembling a
dwarfed sample of Cedar of Lebanon. It is an inte-
resting and attractive abortion, its fine golden colour
compensating for and illuminating its obvious de-
formity. Olearia Haastii, a tine bush, about 4 feet
high by 4 feet through, blooms abundantly. Acer
polymorphum in several of its varieties is evidently at
home, and has attained the respectable dimensions
of 5 feet high with proportionate spread. This
season, notwithstanding the long-continued drought,
the foliage of these was very iiue and well-developed
at the time of our visit — the beginning of Septem-
ber. A very interesting collection of Hollies forms
part of the furnishing of this garden of gems, con-
sisting of the more rare specific forms, among which
were fine specimens of Ile.x angustifolia, I. dentata,
and I. ovata.

Among evergreen Conifers were a very symme-
trical specimen of Wellingtonia gigantea variegata,
about 7 feet high; Abies Douglasii glanca, much
more compact, of slower growth, and hardier in this
district than the uormal form ; Retinospora tetra-
gona aurea, about 3.V feet high, that apparently had
never been scathed by the weather, as it was in
perfect symmetry and well furnished ; R. obtusa
nana aurea, very compact, neat, and bright in colour ;
Biota filiformis, luxuriant and elegant, about 6 feet
high ; Athrotaxis selaginoides, about 7 feet high,
in rare health ; many of the choicer forms of Law-
son's Cypress, including Praseri, lutea, and Young's
Golden Juniper — all forming beautiful specimens,
though at present not exceeding 4 — 5 feet high.

A fine collection of hardy border perennials is
well kept and accurately named. Certain specialties
deserve particular mention. The fine old-fashioned
but somewhat rare Lychnis chalcedonica flore pleno
is grown by the hundred, and increased by means of
cuttings or division. So also with dwarf double
Rockets ; they are regularly increased annually by
'means of cuttings, which is the most certain way to
keep up a stock of this really good thing. In con-
nection with the herbaceous department were some
fine beds of Daphne cneorum, which appeared to be
quite at home.

A cnrsory run round the nursery quarters very
favourably impressed us with the high quality of the
stock. Forest trees of all classes were all that could
be desired. A considerable quantity of large-sized
transplanted Larch is grown for the supply of
Southern customers, with whom there is a steady
demand. Skimmia oblata, Grislinia littoralis, Os-
manthus aquifolius, both green and variegated ; and
Thuiopsis dolabrata, are found to succeed admirably
In the gardens of the numerous villas all round
•Dundee andBroughty Ferry, and generally along the
east coast of Scotland ; they are therefore gi'own in
considerable quantity in the borders, and show very
satisfactory growth.

There is a considerable range of glass, wcU-lilled
with the usual class of young nursery stock.

Hardy Fecit GnowiNn at GnEEXBOurxE.
This, the residence of David D. Anderson, Esq., is
one of the most famous for hardy fruit culture in
the locality. Mr. Anderson is an enthusiastic ama-
teur, and hardy fruits are his pet hobby, although
everything else is well done. His collection of fruit
trees, particularly of Apples and Pears, is extensive.
He has been experimenting for many years i)ast
with the view of testing the relative values of the
difi"erent sorts of Plums, Apples, and Pears in his
own locality. His garden has many low walls in and
around it, and these he has covered with hundi'eds
of cordon and other upright trained trees with from
two to five limbs. Thus he is able to have many
varieties in comparatively limited space. The soil
is of a very light sandy nature, and the trees ripen
growth well, and early arrive at bearing condition.
An orchard also containing some hundreds of bush
and pyramid Apples on the Paradise stock and Pears

on the Quince, and considerable numbers of 'Victoria
and other Plums, afford Mr. Anderson further facili-
ties for testing the relative value of different sorts
of hardy fruits. The fund of information obtainable
here it was impossible in the very brief opportunity
we had at our disposal to do more than touch on the
surface.

On walls we saw some excellent samples of the
following Pears, which Mr. Anderson considers very
good for his district: — Ilacon's Incomparable, very
fine but slow to come to bearing; Dunmore, one of
the best for Scotland ; Pitmaston Duchess, very
fine for this district; Doyenne du Cornice, also a
favourite with him. Of Peaches he finds Royal
George and Rivers' Early York the best for open-
air culture in his locality, and thinks tlie glandless
varieties generally hardier and less liable to mildew
than those that have leaves furnished with glands.
Among the many Apples we saw Prince Albert,
Keddlestone Pippin, Kerry Pippin, Duchess of Olden-
burg, Ecklinville, Yorkshire Beauty, and Lord Sufiield
were among the most notable for beauty and pro-
lificacy. The finest Plum we saw was Rivers' Trans-
parent Gage, with the value of which for the locality
Sir. Anderson is highly pleased. W. S.

Fruit Register.

PEARS IN EAST CORNWALL.

Having upwards of forty varieties under cultiva-
tion, a report upon their quality and productiveness
m.ay be interesting and useful to those who intend
growing Pears instead of Apricots and Peaches when
these are uncertain crops out-of-doors. The soil of
our garden is a rather heavy loam, deep, but not rich,
and when stable manure or well-rotted vegetable
matter is incorporated with it, it suits these fruits
well ; but the climate is against the cultivator, it
being too mild and damp in the autumn to ripen the
wood properly ; hence it is that some sorts fail. The
aspect being an easterly one, I do not grow pyramids
or bush trees, but have a few standards in sheltered
places.

The present season was commenced with a dish of
Pear Doyenn^ d'Et^ this variety being a fortnight
earlier than any other, and ripening well, bearing
well in most seasons, where room permits a tree or
two should be grown. All early Fears soon become
" sleepy," and should therefore be gathered at
intervals of about five days, and a moderate pressure
in the hand will tell if they are too far gone for use,
as " sleepy " fruit will crush under this test. Citron
des Carraes is next to follow, and is similar in
colour and size to the above ; it is a free bearer, and
has a slightly musky flavour. After this the Jar-
gonelle, which is well flavoured, but rather shy in
bearing; then "Williams' Bon Chretien, which is a
well-known variety, good in all resjwcts on walls,
also in the orchard ; it answers well as a standard,
but the best fruit I get from small trees worked on
the Quince. Some of these miniature trees gave
me a score of fine Pears, some 10 oz. in weight
each, and the colour that of a ripe Lemon.
Beurre d'Amanlis, of 12 oz. in weiglit, gathered on
September 5, was fit for table on the 19th, large,
very juicy and good ; it is a free-bearing tree.
Louise Bonne of Jersey, gathered on September 5,
just ripening September '27, is a good bearer ; the
fruit melting, and very aromatic, not melting when
gi-own on standard trees here, but still an excellent
Pear. A few Marie Louise, gathered on Sep-
tember 5, were ripe on September 27 ; this is
one of the best of Pears for flavour, but with very
tender bloom. The Swan's-egg, gathered on Sep-
tember 5, became fit for table on September 24 ; it
is a very useful variety in bad seasons, always melt-
ing in texture, and nearly always bearing well.
Huyshe's Bergamotte is an excellent-flavoured fruit;
our trees are at present too young to report on.
Beurr6 Keen is very good this season ; Beurro
Spence is not a melting fruit, but has the richest
flavour of any Pear we have — especially good as a

stewing fruit. Pitmaston Duchess is free-flowering,
large, melting, buttery, and sugary. Chaumontel,
Beurre de Capiaumont, Beurre Diel, Glou Morc9eau,
Beurre Ranee, Easter Beurre, Passe Colmar, and
Marie Louise, as standards, are useless here — at
least for dessert use. Winter Nelis is an excellent
Pear on walls, and I am now trying it as a standard.
Seckle, though very rich in flavour, is considered too
small. Huyshe's "Victoria is a good Pear. Knight's
Monarch sheds much of its fruit ; and as it is of un-
certain quality, I intend working the trees with
Josephine de Malines, one of the best late Pearg
here ; the other being Bergamotte de Esperen, which
latter has the attribute of growing stronger on the
Quince than on the free stock, and bearing much
finer fruit ; the fruit keeps well, and is very refresh-
ing to the taste. The best culinary Pears here are
CatiUac, two trees of which in the orchard are bend-
ing under their heavy crops ; Winter Crassane,
which is very useful ; Uvedale's St. Germain, a Pear
of a very large size, but shy in bearing ; and 'Vicar
of Winkfield, which is only fit for this use. The
remainder of our forty varieties are yet too young to
report on this year. C. Lee, The Gardens, Boeonnoc.

Peak d'Hiver.
This is the Pear d'Hiver of Ferdinand Leroy
No. 498 of his Sictioiniairc de Pomologie, with the
synonyms St. Pierre d'Hiver, d'Os, Osseuse, d'Har-
denpoint, d'Hardenpoint Cassante, and it has not been
hitherto described. Leroy says of the fruit that it is
of middle size or above it ; form various, frequently
bottle-shaped, but as a rule egg-shaped or oval ; the
stalk thin in the middle and swollen at the ends, and
seldom crooked, placed in a shallow basin, one side
of which, as a rule, is higher than the other ; the
eye is large, open, regular in form ; skin slightly
wrinkled, light greenish-yellow, more or less red on
the sunny side, with some large grey patches and
red-brown stripes ; flesh very white, hard, and crisp,
but without grittiness ; juice not often abundant,
sweetish and rather sugary, without any definite
aroma. Ripe from January to April. A third-rate
table fruit, but excellent for culinary use, the cooked
fruit turning a red colour. The Pear is over 400
years old — the Hessian Cordus, described it under the
name Ossea. Gartenfiora, Sept., 1887.

Pear Lacroix.
This is a pretty looking Pear, figured in a recent
number of the Bei'ue Hortkole. It is a fruit of
medium size, regularly Pear-shaped, with a short
stalk and a shallow eye ; the skin is yellow, flushed
and spotted with red on the sunny side ; flesh white.
The flavour is said to be like that of Doyenn^ d'Hiver,
and the season is December — January.

Top-Cherey (Cerise Todpie).
A Belgian fruit, heart-shaped, sharply pointed ;
deep red, or almost black ; of pleasant acidulous
flavour. It is figured in the Bnue Hortkole. p. 428
1887, where it is recommended as a popular fruit.

NEPENTHES CULTURE.

One of the most successful examples of Nepenthes
culture is to be found at Woodside, Paisley, the
residence of Archibald Coates, of Woodside. The
plants are cultivated in a low house, the big ones
in pots, the smaller ones in baskets suspended from
the roof. Those in pots are placed in inverted pots
in a tank of water running the whole length of the
house, and are grown chiefly in sphagnum and
crocks, with a little fibry peat thrown in. The
roots show their liking for the sweltering climate
they are in, by protruding in all directions, like
so many black threads interwoven, over the sur-
face of the pots, and the pitchers and tendrils
are more numerous than I recollect seeing them
before. From about fifteen plants — specimens of
course— there would be about 400 pitchers, little and
big; and pitchers, too, of such a size as would
delight .any one to look upon. The plants are all
kept on the low gi-owth principle, either by pinching

October 8, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CEBONICLE.

443

or cutting ; hence the large general average of the
size of the pitchers. It is well known if the plants
are allowed to run away the pitcliers become
elongated, and are never handsome. Such extra-
ordinary examples of Kaffles and Masters' pitchers
are a sight worth going miles to see. Among the
lot giown, in addition to the two already named,
are the showy and well-coloured Hockeriana
and LawTcnceianaX, a spurious variety of san-
guinea coccinea, superba, Outramiax, HarryauaX ,
&c. The plants are all grown without mucli
shading, and Mr. Beveridge, the gardener, who
manages them so well, seems to be very successful in
propagating them. Since I visited the place he
sends me the following note, which will be found
generally interesting A.

" There is one point, I think, should be mentioned,
and which would induce them to be more cultivated
than they are, that is, their use in keeping down
insects, as ants, cockroaches, &c. The Piteher-
house is situ.ated close to our large stove and
Melon-house, and since we have started to grow
Pitcher plants we have no difficulty in keeping tlie
above pests down. I do not mean to say we are en-
tirely clear of them, but if they disappear as fast as
they have done for the last two summers, I have no
hesitation in saying we shall soon get clear of them
altogether. \Ye empty our pitchers regularly twice
a week, and any one would be surprised to see the
(luantities of those insect pests we trap. I am sorry
our Pitcher-house is not nearer to our Orchid range,
but I intend another summer, when we get a larger
stock of young Pitchers, to hang a number of the
plants through the Orchid-houses, for the purpose of
keeping these insects down. I am convinced of
their utility in this respect, and of their great beauty
— the former being a fact I had not previously ob-
served.'

times refuses to flower for two and even three years,
but if left undisturbed it will reward the grower
with a great number of beautiful blooms from the
middle of September to the middle of October.
Anemones and Kanunculuses may now be planted,
but unless the soil and situation be suitable it is
better deferred till the end of January. If the corms
be placed in unworked or unkindly soil they will
come up spindly, and the flowers will be very poor.
In planting Crocus, Snowdrops, &c., in clumps, in
order to see them to advantage, there should be from
two to three dozen in a clump. As soon as the beauty
of the plants in the flower-beds is over they
should be removed, and the subjects used for spring
bedding introduced. The beds should receive
a dressing of good rich soil in preference to
manure ; this should be well'mixed with the soil in
the beds as the work of digging proceeds. In plant-
ing Hyacinths and Tulips, the arrangement of colours
should receive careful consideration. It is better
to use a greater quantity of distinct colours than
to plant the bulbs in mixture. The centre of a bed
may be wholly planted with white Hyacinths or
yellow Tulips, the darker and more striking tints
being planted to^vards the outsides, while an edging
of some hardy perennial may be planted next the
grass or Box. A sowing of Sweet PeaB may now be
made for early bloom ; they are perfectly haidy, and
will stand any winter with the protection aft'orded by
the sticks. Any of tlie following hardy annuals may
still be planted, in rather poor soil, in a sheltered but
not shaded situation: — Alyssum raaritimum, Bar-
tonia aurea, Calliopsis, Candytufts, Collinsia bicolor,
C. grandiflora, and C. verna, Eschscholtzia califor-
nica. Erysimum Peroffskianum, Eutocaviscida, Lim-
nanthus Douglasii, Lupinus n.anus, Nemophilas,
Silene, &c. W. M. BaiUie, Luton Hoo.

The Flower Garden.

Plants in the Beds. — Any tender subjects vvhich
have been employed in the flower garden should now
be moved indoors ; as also I*elargoniums of the Mrs.
Pollock type. These plants may either be potted
into 4-inch pots or placed in boxes. Rooted cuttings
of bedding plants should now be placed under the
protection of glass, but a cold pit will do for their
accommodation for a few weeks longer. Some pro-
tecting material should, however, be kept handy under
cover, to throw over the glass if sharp frosts are
expected. Viola cuttings should now be put in, if
healthy young plants can be secured ; these, however
small they may be, are preferable to the points of
old flower shoots, which are long in rooting and
never make fine plants or yield large blooms. For
the reception of the cuttings place some rough leaf-
soil on a hard bottom ; then add 2 or 3 inches of
loam, leaf-mould, and sharp sand, in equal quantities.
On this place a box with glass lights or a hand-light,
and proceed to prick ia the cuttings from 2.} to
3 inches apart. Cuttings of the bedding Chrysan-
themums may be put in under similar circumstances;
these will be found to flower earlier, and make
stronger plants than if struck in spring. Cuttings of
Phloxes, Pentstemons, and many other hardy plants
may still be put in to strike, but the sooner all
this kind of work is finished the better. If not
already done, layers of Carnations and Picotees
should be planted out or potted up and placed in a,
fiame.

Bidhs. — Tiie present is a good time to commence
planting bulbs ; as a rule, the shorter the period such
roots are out of the gi'ound the better is the bloom,
especially in the case of Lilies, as these sustain serious
injury if allowed to become flaccid. The Belladonna
Lily may now be safely moved, and plantations made
out-of-doors in a suitable situation. The best place
for such is a position facing the south, as, for instance,.
at the foot of the wall of a stove, where a little arti-
ficial heat is aiforded them. The soil must be of
good depth, and well drained ; some protection should
lii^ jilaced over the beds in winter, in the shape of
dry leaves, to the depth of a foot, to exclude frost.
The bulbs are better left undisturbed for years, unles.-*
they should become too thick together, when lifting
and planting wider apart is requisite. The Bella-
donna is mthrr capricious, and when disturbed some-

Plants and Their Culture.

Snuunnv Plants rou Forcing. — Some of these
are invaluable where a long-continued supply of
flowers is wanted. Such plants should soon be lifted
from the reserve garden or be procured from the
nurseries potted, and placed in a sheltered situation,
their pots being protected from frost. The following
are some of the more desirable plants, and which will
well repay the labour bestowed upon them : — Lilacs,
of which those with well ripened wood freely set
with flower-buds should be selected ; the Persian
and Charles X. are particularly useful varieties for
forcing. Deutzia gracilis is another floriferous plant,
and is one that forces readily, and Is admirable for
the conservatory. It does satisfactorily the first year
after it is potted ; but it is best kept always in pots,
and it can be forced several years in succession ; such
examples of this plant as may require repotting may
now be attended to. Hydrangeas are also good forcing
subjects, and should likewise be kept in pots ; their
panicles of blossoms are very showy, and last a con-
siderable time in good condition. H. hortensis and
H. paniculata grandiflora are two useful species.
Of Azaleas A. amoena and the many varieties of A.
mollis are very nice, and are easily forced. Plants
intended to be forced ought to be well studded with
plump forwarl bloom-buds, and should be freed from
any insects that may be upon them before being
placed in heat. Staphylea colchica is another good
plant that forces well, and always desen-es a place
where white flowers are in request early. The double
flowered form of Prunus sinensis is also useful for
conservatory decoration.

Resting of Bulbous Plants. — Caladinms are now
showing signs of the resting period being at hand,
water should, therefore, be gradually withheld, and
entirely so as soon as the foliage has died down,
when a dry position must be found for them, where
they can have a winter temperature varying from 55°
to 65°. Gloxinias, which have finished flowering,
may be placed into a cool frame, being freely ventilated
sind gradually dried ofl'; they require a temperature
of about 50° through the winter, and, like Caladiums,
are best bept in their pots. Achimenes must also
be wintered in a dry state, and in a temperature of
about 50°. They may be kept either in their pots,
or where space is a consideration be shaken out,
and each variety stored separately in silver-sand.
Tuberous Begonias, as they cease to blossom, may
be transferred to a cool pit, and be dried off by
degrees, and where they have died down water
should be entirely withheld, and the pots containing
them placed in a dry frost-proof place. T, Coomhcr,
Hrnclre Gardens.

Fruits Under Glass.

LiFTiKo AND Transplanting Peach and Nectarine
Trees. — No time should now be lost in carrying out
the operation of lifting and transplanting any trees
which have not hitherto fruited satisfactorily ; should
such trees be old worn out ones, they ought to be
destroyed forthwith and replaced by young trees
taken up carefully from other positions out-of-doors.
If, on the other hand, the trees are considered to be
worth replanting, they should be taken up w'ith care,
securing every healthy root, lifting the tree bodily,
placing it aside near the hole while the latter is being
excavated to the depth of 4 feet. Into this pit
throw 9 inches thick of broken brickbats or other
hard rough materials as drainage ; and over this,
place a sufficient thickness of coarse gravel, following
with a layer of tuif, grass-side downwards ; but in
situations where the water at any time is likely to
rise nearer to the surface than 4 feet, it will, of course,
be necessary to reduce the depth of the hole to such
an extent as will prevent the possibility of the roots
of the trees being at any time submei'ged. The pits
having thus been made ready, the soil, consisting of
four parts sound loam and one of old mortar-rubble
and wood-ashes, well mixed, should be thrown in, and
if in a moderately dry state it may be trodden firm. In
planting the trees make due allowance for the soil sub-
siding 6 or 7 inches inas many weeks. Spread out the
roots in every direction from the wall, with a slight
inclination downwards, at the same time shortening
back all straggling ones a few inches and cutting
clean away such as may have got injured in the act
of lifting, and make a series of incisions on the main
roots to encourage the emission of young roots. Soil
may then be laid on them to the thickness of 6 inches,
working it well in among the roots at the same time,
and also with this object in view take hold of the
stem of the tree and give it a few gentle pulls in
an upward direction before treading the soil slightly
over. Afterwards give water to settle the soil about
the roots. Damp the trees so planted morning and
afternoon during bright days, so that they may
retain their leaves sufficiently long to admit of the
roots taking to the soil before they fall ; and with the
same object, the trees may also be shaded, if neces-
sary, from bright sunshine for a week or two. For
good varieties to plant the following may be depended
upon; — For early use: Hall's Early, Uymond, and
Early Gros Mignonne Peaches ; Lord Napier and
Elruge Nectarines. Second house: Bellegarde, Gros
Mignonne, Rival George, and Noblesse Peaches ;
Humboldt, Pitmaston Orange, and Elmge Nec-
tarines. Late house : Barrington, Prince of Wales,
Violette HAtive, Stirling Castle, and Sea Eagle
Peaches; Pine-apple, Balgowan, and Victoria Nec-
tarines. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle.

Home Correspondence.

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— Can
nothing be done to make the ordinary meetings of
the Royal Horticultural Society more attractive to
the Fellows and to the general public ? Every one
interested in the welfare of the Society must deplore
the scant attendance during the past season in the
conservatory at South Kensington on the occasion of
the meeting of the committees. Novelties in plants,
flowers, fruits, and vegetables are sent from various
parts of the country ; those in the trade who have
specialties take contributions to the meetings when
they are in season ; amateurs make a point of send-
ing anything of interest ; there is always much to
instruct and gratify, but how few of the public find
their way to tlie conservatory ! Were it not for the
imhlicity given to these meetings by the horticultural
Press, which spares no pains to give detailed reports
of novelties, &c., it is very doubtful if they could be
maintained in their present form. What prestige still
remains to the Society appears to draw to the meetings
the representatives of the daily Press, but their reports
— generally the work of some one who has to be coached'
— are often bald, occasionally misleading, and have
little or no influence on the outside public as an
attractive force. It does seem as if the meetings of
the Society, full of interest as they always are for
practical horticulturists, have dropped to the lowest
level of popularity even among the Fellows of the
Society. Can nothing be done to remedy this state
of things ? Is it impossible for the Council to take
steps that will restore to the Society something
of its popularity of fifteen and twenty years ago,

444

TUB GAB DENE nS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOEErv 8, 1887.

when Mr. James Bateman and others could fill the
Couucil chamber with interested audiences, listen-
ing to an address on some rare plant, or on a topic
that could attract hundreds to South Kensington?
If the public will not be drawn to the conservatory
to see something worthy a journey of some miles, can
the objects that should attract them be taken to the
public, that is, can some means be devised by which the
meetings of the Society should be held nearer to the
busy centresof social and commercial life than they are
at present? That this alternative was in the minds
of many of the Fellows at the last meeting of the
Society was shown by the fact that a resolution was
passed in favour of the Council acquiring a place for
the meetings of the Society near or in the City of
London. It is probable that, owing to the turn things
have talven through the inability of the corporation
of the Albert Hall to obtain a new charter, and
thereby acquire tlie use of the conservatory, the
position of the Society at South Kensington is more
secure tlian it seemed to be in July last ; but
will that in any way attract the public in large
numbers? It is possible that it owed this position
much more to Koyal patronage and fashionable
support than to its practical and scientific work
Now Royal patronage and fashionable support have
both foisaken the Society ; and its future, if it is to be
of a national character, must depend upon its practical
and scientific work. It seems, therefore, as if it
is an absolute necessity that it should endeavour to
lift itself out of the South Kensington groove, or to
a position where it can more forcibly cliallenge
public attention and support at the present
time. Can it hold a few experimental meetings
in the City, or near it, taking care that they are
made attractive, and that due publicity be given to
them ? Much more use might be made of the public
Press than appears to be done at present. Cannot some
popular Congresses or Conferences be occasionally
arranged ? Surely something might be tried that would
be helpful to the cultivators of fruit up and down the
country who are loud in their complaints of low prices
and high railway rates. Conferences are among the
most attractive social and political machinery of
the day ; and provincial horticultural societies are
commencing to hold them. There are aspects of the
land question, without trenching upon the sphere of
party politics, that might be handled with advantage.
There is the important matter of the assessment
under the poor-rate of structures used for horticul-
tural purposes — a question that badly needs venti-
lating on a broad basis. Then there are the vexa-
tious regulations imposed upon some nurserymen by
Boards of Health and other sanitary authorities.
Here is work for a society that stands at
the head of horticulture in this country. The
time has come when it is necessary to show cause
for its continued existence ; and the challenge
should be promptly met by the governing body of the
Society. A new departure in the way of practical
activities on new lines may do much to reinstate the
Society in the position it once occupied in thi-
country. -V.

DRAWINGS OF GARDEN FLOWERS.— I am glad
Mr. Burbidge lias drawn attention to the very beauti-
ful collection of flower drawings in which the fringed
Carnations hold a conspicuous place. Perhaps some
particulars about it may be of interest to those who
work at the history of garden plants. Its title,
slightly abridged, is : — " Flora Exotica qua^ sub
lactis auspiciis illustrissimi ac excellentissirai
Domini Johannis Georgii Comitis de Dernatt, dy-
nasta; haereditarii in Syrhagen .... olim in cul-
tissimo Sierhagiensi Horto felicissime adolevit, jam
vero in chartulis istis pictoria arte ex vivis suis colo-
ribusreprjEsentataexcellentia^sua; devotissimo amino
consecratur a Johanne Godofredo Simula, anno
MDCCXX." A slip from a sale catalogue inserted
at the beginning describes it as " A royal folio
volume of 474 leaves (a few of which are
blank), containing superb drawings of flowers,
inscribed with their botanical names, one or
more on a page, occasionally with insects or
'other accessories. The title is beautifully painted
and embellished with a composition of allegorical
figures, while the main contents of the volume exhibit
the perfection of floral painting, and are doubtless
not less faithful than artistic. The arms of the noble
patron for whom the volume was executed appear on
the title, and on the massive silver clasps attached
to the binding. This splendid volume has been in the
Klevenfeldt Museum (of which it has the book-plate),
and contains the autograph of Count Klevenfeldt."
The principal subjects depicted are— Hyacinths (35),
Fritillarias (m), Narcissus (8), Iris (.T.)), Polyanthus

(40), Anemones (47), Tulips (54), Carnations (62),
Lilies (8), Nigella (5), Oranges, &c. (9), Aloes (47),
Mesembryanthemums (24), Cactus (11), Scdums
(13), Stapelias (3), Euphorbias (10). In many cases
there are more forms than one on a page, so that the
whole number of figures is considerably over 500.
Where all are so well executed, it is difficult to
single out any for special praise ; but the Tulips,
Carnations, and Polyanthuses are exceptionally
beautiful. Nearly all the varieties have French or
German names attached. It appears from a note by
the vendor, W. Boone, of New Bond Street, that the
book was acquired by Robert Brown for the Depart-
ment of Botany in 1854 for £25. It had previously
been offered to Sir F. Madden for £65. We shall, of
course be very glad to show the volume to anyone
wishing to see it. James Britten, Department of
Botany, Natural History Musettm, South Kcnsinyton.

THE SEASON.— The long cold spring and the hot
and dry summer have delayed the flowering of
several plants in my garden to an unusual extent.
Ligustrura ovalifoliura did not flower till the middle
of September instead of the end of July or beginning
of August. Pyrethrum uliginosum has only been in
bloom for a few days, while its ally, P. lacustre,
with which it generally keeps time (nearly), has
been in bloom for several weeks. The Pampas-
grass has not yet burst its sheath, and Sednm
spectabile has only just begun to open its
flowers ; Saxifraga pyramidalis, of which I have
several plants, both on a rockery and in jjots in a
cold frame, has not bloomed at all. Biota elegantis-
sima has not changed colour all the season, and
B. aurea has been much less bright than usual. The
white portions of the variegated Thuiopsis borealis
were burnt to tinder, as never before ; the weeping
Purple Birch scarcely put forth a leaf: while the
variegated Negundo not only lost its leaves, but some
of its branches too. The soil is stiff'cl.iy, imperfectly
drained, aspect north-west, altitude 250 feet above
the sea. Jack Toird. [A Cornish correspondent
sends a truss of John AYaterer Rhododendron now in
flower for the first time this year, while many Rhodo-
dendrons with him, as with us, are only now making
their summer growth. En.]

AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII.— With reference to my
note on p. 400, the Grape-like bunch of " fruit,'' I
fiud on dissection to be undeveloped flower-buds.
There is no fruit yet. I ma}' add, that the common
Virginian Creeper has fruited very freely in some
gardens. G. P.

OUT-OF-DOOR GRAPES. — There has been a con-
siderable deal of writing about outdoor Grapes in
the Gardc7icrs Chronicle of late. I herewith send
you a bunch gi'own in a town garden in the middle
of Chichester, which I think a fairly good sample.
You may remember ray triving you a plant of the
small Saxifraga (Saxifraga cuscutiformis), figured in
the Gardeners' Chronicle a week or two ago, when
you called on me two or three years ago. James
McBoiiald, Chichrfitcr. [We have cultivated
this Saxifraga named : it is a very pretty thing. Ed.]

LILIUM AURATUM.— This season has given some
hints as to the outdoor cultivation of Lilium auratum.
When a few bulbs, or even a few dozen, are grown
there may be chances of error, but with hundreds, if
the same results occur with most of them, I think
the experiments m.ay be trusted. We have L. aura-
tum in all sorts of places, but only large quantities
in three or four. One is on a hillside, in light loam,
the soil naturally moist but moderately drained, a
certain amount of shelter from wind being given by
cut Furze fences. The second, in a shady part of a
wood, grown in a mixture of old vegetable soil and
light loam, moderately moist. The third, in a very
dry wood, the natural soil being hungry sand; in
this large holes, between 4 and 5 feet deep, were dug
out and filled up with good Lily soil. In No. 1 the
Lilies bloomed well but showed the eff"ects of the
long drought a little (I should mention we do not
water) : the}' have continued to look well, showing
hardly any signs of spot after the cold damp weather.
In No. 2 the early blooms were especially fine, son'e
of them equal to any L. auratum macranthum, but
when the cold wet weather came spot showed itself
in many; in some parts of the beds almost every
Lily in flower or large bud was affected, in other
parts many were injured, in others fewer, and in one
very sheltered part, quite out of the wind, hardly
any were touched for some time, and some have still
escaped. In No. 3. during the long drought, the
flowers were fine but looked as if rain would have

improved them ; when the rain came the blooms
became better and have continued very fine : some of
the stems are 9 feet high. It would thus appear that,
quite apart from drip, cold wet weather in damp
situations is the cause of s])ot and mould, and
perhaps accounts for the difficulty of growing these
Lilies in places where the climate is usually cold and
moist. I believe in these the shelter of a Rhododen-
dron bed to be especially valuable. Geo. F. Wilson.

CLEMATIS VIORNA COCCINEA.— Amid the large
genus Clematis this deserves a meed of praise for its
flowering qualities ; notwithstanding the hot dry
weather during the past summer it has been in
flower since June, and still carries blossoms, which
but few climbing plants are capable of doing for so long
a period. Its beautiful scarlet flowers and pretty
foliage afford a graceful object on walls, pillars,
trunks of trees, and being moreover a plant of
herbaceous nature it is worthy of more atten-
tion than is given it at present. It will thrive
in good garden soil if planted in a warm aspect, bnt
it is said to require protection at the root in winter,
although I have not found that that is so. Increase
is by division of the roots. G. H.. Merton,

GRAPES AND PEACHES IN HOUSES AGAINST
WEST WALLS.— Just now, in taking up the Gar-
deners' Chronicle for September 3, I noticed a ques-
tion had been asked by " J. W." anent " Grapes and
Peaches in houses against west walls."' Our experience
with Grapes in houses having this aspect justifies me
in saying the following black kinds — Alicante, Aln-
wick Seedling, Gros Colmar, Gros i^Iaroc, Madres-
field Court, Wests St. Peter's, &c. — can be cultivated
to be ripe in September, as perfectly under those
conditions as any other, and I may say we have at
the present time the best Gros Marocs I ever saw
(and I have seen a goodly number exhibited by some
of the best Grape growers), hanging in a house having
a western aspect. At the same time houses of this
description have faults, and I cannot advocate
this erection. The principal drawback to them
lies in the pains it is necessary to take to
prevent Grapes prone to scalding from being
damaged in that way. It is well known the chief
cause of scalding originates from a rapid rise in
the temperature, and owing to the sun having gained
considerable power when its rays reach the glass,
it is difficult to prevent the temperature from
running up quickly to an injurious extent. Another
inconvenience is occasioned by its being late in
the evening before houses of this kind can be closed.
With reference to Peach-houses against west walls,
our latest house, 100 feet by 14 feet, has this aspect,
and both Peaches and Nectarines do equally well in
it, as in those facing the south. If "J. W.'s" situa-
tion is low. and subject to severe spring frosts, I
should advise him to have his houses heated, even if
required for the latest crops only, for Peach blos-
soms are not safe in unheated houses so placed,
although the houses m.ay be of large proportions.
Our house above referred to was not heated until this
season; it happens to be on a lower level than the
other houses and the boilers, and when it was built
it was not considered expedient to afford it a separate
boiler. Two crops within a few years have, however,
been thin, owing to the stamens of the blossoms
getting injured by frost; so for greater safety it is
provided with a heating apparatus. T. C. [Does it
militate against good Grape growing to keep the
vinery open till late in the afternoon ? Ed.]

EARLY FROST.— On Thursday last. September
29, we had a very severe frost for the time of
year, The grass thermometer registering 27° Fahr.,
and a minimum instrument, a Stevenson screen,
registered 28'^. All tender plants, such as Dahlias,
Heliotropes, French Beans, Potatos, &c., are
destroyed. Some of the Chrysanthemums have also
suffered considerably, and especially the variety
Peter the Great, of which we grow a large quantity ;
this variety appears to be much more tender than
others. W. H. Divers, Keiton Hall, Staynford.

POTATO FREtSLAND BEAUTY.— In my opinion
this Potato will bi-come a general fiivourite when
better known. It is cr-rtainly the heavie.st cropper
I have yet met with, From twelve small tubers sent
me by Messrs. Cheal & Sons, of Crawley, last spring,
I have this week lifted 110 lb., some of the tubers
weighing upwards of 2 lb. each, and this from very
poor soil, which the drought did not improve, but
helped to ripen the tubers prematurely. The tubers
are handsome, firm when cooked, of an excellent
flavour, white, and mealy. It will prove a great

October S, 1887.]

THE GARDENS BS' CHRONICLE.

445

boon to the cottagers, whose gardens generally are
not heavily dressed with manure, as it appears to have
a vigorous constitution and is so far free from trace
of disease. Messrs. Cheal are to be congratulated
on introducing such a fine variety at a time when
there are so many new varieties unduly recommended,
which, when tried, end often in disappointment. It
is, therefore, a pleasure to testify to a decided
alvauce having been made on other varieties when
oie really meets with such. P. Comcai/, Muntham,
Worthinr/.

TOMATOS AND THEIR WEIGHT.— Having re.-ld an
account cif heavy specimens in your issue for Sep-
tember 21, I wish to put on record the fact that we
have g.ithered six fruits from one plant, each weigh-
ing more than 20 oz., the two heaviest being 34 oz.
and 33 oz. respectively. The variety is President
Garfield. W. Wiles. Un'sicd Park, God'alming.

DISEASED TOMATOS.— I have enclosed some
leaves of Tomatos which are growing in a house
here, and which are affected with a disease that I do
not remember having seen before ; it does not attack
the fruits, but appears to start on the old leaves and
follows on as the young ones mature. By the en-
closed you will see that it is very prolific with its
spores? I am going to burn the whole plants.
[Quite right.] E. Sandford. [The disease is caused by
a fungus. Cl.adosporium fulvum, of which we shall
shortly give an illustration. Ed.]

WATERCRESS (NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE).—

Who is there, from the highest to the lowest, from
the youngest to the oldest, but likes a bit of fresh
Watercress when he or she can get it ? The public
associate the growth of this plant with rural water
ditches or ponds artificially made, not dreaming that
it can be grown on dry land as easily as Mustard and
Cress. ],et me assure them that all that is neces-
sary for the successful growth of this old-fashioned
and popular water herb is a few yards of soil with a
northern aspect where the sun does not reach it.
Every one possessing this modest convenience raav
furnish his table with fresh Watercress almost everv
day in the year. Let the soil be well manured
with decayed dung, dig over and slightly
tread down afterwards to make the surface
firm ; procure slips or cuttings from 4 to 6 inches
long, dibble them into the soil rather deep, 9 inches
apart until the ground is all planted, afterwards giving
them a good watering, and they will grow straight
off without any trouble. The best time to plant is
about the end of September, but the slips will grow
if planted at any time in a shady place. When the
plants have occupied the ground' for twelve months
their growth for the following year will be improved
if they are replanted in the same way as recom-
mended at first. The same ground will do, but
a little manure and a dusting of lime should
be added when the ground is turned over. In
hot weather the bed will be much benefited with
a sprinkling of water every day. Those possessing
a glasshouse or frame may plant slips in any old
boxes and place the same under stages or in any
other odd corner, .ind the Cress will grow luxuiiantly
and be better tasted than when grown out-of-doors.
This refers more to the winter than the summer
supply. Watercress may also be forced in heat by
those who have this convenience. Rural Eastic.

THE WHITE NELUMBIUM.— This was originally
flowered by Lady Wemyss about two years ago, and
by a relative subseriuen'tly. I have not heard of its
flowering elsewhere. We have a strong plant of it
in full leaf at Kew, but without any sign of floweis,
Our plant came direct from Japan. T. W., Kew.

POTATO SCAB.- HavingcarefuUyread Mr. Lax-
ton's interesting article on Potato scab, my impression
is tha* it does not go nearly far enough. I may
mention that, haying seen them lifted from the lime-
stone soil of Lincolnshire, and assisted in their cul-
tivation on the fens of Hunts, on the stilf clay of
North Jliddlesex, .and the sandy loam of the south-
western portion of that county, on springy gravel,
on newly broken up pastures, with and without
manure, I have arrived at the same conclusion as
the German investigators, so long as you keep to
natural causes and natural soils. Although that
which is the cause of scab can, in my opinion, be
introduced into almost any soil, and is more prevalent
ia a dry season than a wet one. Moreover, I should
not think of carrying out any experiments on artifi-
cial ^ound, that is, ground that has been formed by
art, or on ground that had been stimulated with

manure within a limited period of time, as such
soil would vary in quality ; dryness alone is not a
cause. I do not quite understand Mr. Laxton's
remarks on soils; he states that he has grown
Potatos on well-drained stiff boulder clay, and further
remarks tiiat he has not grown them on wet land.
Now, stiff clay land is generally drained, because it
is naturally wet, and draining improves its condition
for crops, but does not do away with its adhesive nature,
which is strikingly apparent" for several days after a
heavy fall of rain, which remains on or near the sur-
face until it has slowly percolated into the drains
below. A. Hill. St. Alhans.

AN EXTRAORDINARY CROP OF POTATOS.—

Having read Mr. Lewis' note on the produ-:tiveness
of his Potatos I should feel obliged if he would
furnish me and the readers in general of the nature
ol the soil, subsoil, and manure used (if any), .and if
the Potatos were scabbed or not. A. H.

Societies.

CRYSTAL PALACE.

October 6, 7, and 8.— This year's exhibitiim of
hardy fruits and vegetables, &c., was specially re-
lULirkable for the uniform high quality of the exhibits.
Apples especially were wonderfully fine, and Pears
were not far behind in merit. The display was ex-
tensive too, the whole of the North Transept being
well filled, indeed there were fourteen blocks of
tables down the centre, besides the side tables.

Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, Kent, con-
tributed a handsome collection of Apples in the open
class, and secured 1st out of eight competitors with
a highly worthy lot of fruit (about 150 dishes) re-
markable alike on account of the largeness and good
condition of the specimens. Warner's King, Alex-
ander, Blenheim Orange, Queen, Cellini, Wash-
ington, Peasgood's Nonsuch. Tower of Glam-
mis, Stirling Castle, Grenadier, Lord SuHield,
Lane's Prince Albert, Red Hawthornden, Lord
Derby, Warner's King. Avere the most noticeable for
size, and good also were Old Nonsuch, Goff, Gipsy
King, Worcester Pearmain, Margil, Kerry Pippin,
Mabbott's Pearmain. Closely following, was Mr.
J. Watkins, Pomona Parra, Withington, Heref(jrd,
whose finest fruits were Crimson (Costard, Green
Costard, Beauty of Kent, Cat's Head, Blen leim
Orange, Emperor Alexander, Gloria Mundi, Flanders
Pippin, Tom Putt, Red Ingestrie, Orange GoB',
Aromatic Russett, Peasgood's Nonsuch, and Ribston
Pippin. There were also about 150 dishes here.

For a similar collection of Pears the premier
award was given to Mr. J. Butler, gr. to A. J.
Thomas, Esq., Sittingbourne, who showed \^ry well,
all the specimens being clean, and of good colour ;
Louise Bonne, Beurre Diel, Beurre Van Geert,
Durondean, Pitmaston Duchesse, Doyenne dn Co-
mice, Catillac, and Prevost, must be named. Messrs.
T. Rivers & Son, Sawbridgworth, were placed 2nd
with rather smaller specimens. Doyenne Boussoch,
Doyenne du Comice, Gansel's Bergamot, were good,
but the full effect of this collection was greatly
marred by the fruits being displayed on coloured
Vine leaves.

The best exhibition of vegetables, arranged for
effect, was that of Jlr. A. Waterman, gr. to H. A.
Brassey, Esq,, Preston Hall, Aylesford, who showed
a fine lot of produce, and evidencing care in the
arrangement. Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflower
and Pragnell's Exhibition Beet were fine, and so
were several varieties of Brussels Sprouts. Mr. J.
Neighbour, gr. to E. J. Wy thes, Esq., CJhisIehurst, was
accorded 2ud.

Among the amateurs Mr. Neighbour secured 1st
for vegetables (twelve dist^es). showing very well,
Cauliflower, Beet, Tomatos, Beans, and Parsnips
being fine ; 2nd, Mr. A. Waterman, also with a good
collection, running very close — Leeks and Tomatos
were the best. Mr. G.J. Goldsmith, gr. to Mrs. C.
A. Hoare, Beckenham, led well for twelve dishes of
Pears, showing Beurre Clairgeau, Louise Bonne,
Doyenne Boussoch, Pitmaston Duchess, in capital
form ; the next in order of merit being Mr. W.
Chisholm, Tonbridge, whose Pitmaston Duchess,
and Beuri'e Clairgeau were the best. There were
fourteen competitors here. For twenty-four dishes
of Apples Mr. J. McKenzie, Linton Gardens, Maid-
stone, carried off the leading award with excellent
fruits highly coloured and large^Mere de Menage,
Gascoigne's Scarlet Seedling, Emperor Alexander,

Peasgood's Nonsuch, Cox's Orange, and King of the
Pippins were remarkable, while in the smaller class
for twelve dishes of Apples Mr. F. Smith, Lodding-
ton, Maidstone, was 1st, with creditable examples of
Cox's Orange, Golden Nob, Tower of Glammis, and
Queen. The 2nd place in the former class was taken
by Mr. Waterman, with good Blenheim Orange,
Tower of Glammis, Gloria Mundi, Worcester Pear-
main, and Lady Henniker.

JV/isuptfawoHs.— Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co. staged
a collection of fine Apples, arranged in triangles on
the table, one variety to each figure ; Blenheim
Orange, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Cox's Pomona, Cox's
Oraiige Pippin, and Warner's King were excellent
specimens— noticeable as much on account of their
large size as their excellence of condition and colour.
Messrs. G. & J. Lane, St Mary's Cray, ICent, showed
a number of Apples, about seventy-five dishes.
Hoary Morning was finely coloured; and Cox's
Pomona, Warner's King, Hollandbury, and Alfriston,
were good samples. Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons,
Chelsea, also showed, having about 200 dishes of
Apples and Pears. Sandringham, Bismarck, Cox's
Orange, Large American, Tower of Glammis, and
Stirling Castle, were good Apples; and of Pears,
the most noticeably were Pitmaston Duchess, Mad.
Treyve, and Durondeau.

Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross,
had a similar exhibit of about a hundred dishes ;
Worcester Pearmain, Blenheim Orange, and Lord
Suflield were good in the Apples. From Mr. J.
Butler came a small collection of Pears, in which
Pitmaston Duchess was remarkable for size, and
Louise Bonne for highness of colouring ; he also
showed Peaches. A varied collection was sent by
Messrs. T. Rivers & Sons. Grapes were good, and
also pot Plum trees in fruit. Several dishes of
Plums and Crabs were also shown.

A feature of the show was formed by Messrs.
Sutton & Sons, Reading, exhibit of Tomatos grown
in the open air: the plants were tied on to wire frames,
and the whole occupied a space of 200 by 3 feet ;
large quantities of gathered fruit were also shown.
The plants were heavily laden with fruit, which was
not ripe, however. English Tobacco was shown by
Messrs. K. Veitch & Co., Exeter.

Flowers were scarce. Messrs. Paul & Son, Ches-
hunt, contributed a number of Dahlias, Michaelm.as
Daisies, Crocuses, &c. ; and Messrs. J. Cheal & Son,
Crawley, sent cut blooms of single Dahlias. Carna-
tions came from Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent
Garden. W.C. ; and from Messrs. J. Laing & Co.,
Forest Hill, cut blooms of Begonias were exhibited.

The Weather.

^cumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

Accumulated.

% =

li

below the

u

.,

0)^3

i-i

Mean for

'S.i.'

^M

the week

:g.9 t

^■«5

ending

tis

V^

o C*^

Oct. 3.

<

%^

la

:S2

Principal WUeat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day-

Day-

duciog Districts.

deg.

rteg.

deg.

deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

Ibe-low

43

0

-1- 126

+ 36

I. Scotland, E. ...

1 below

48

2

-1- 152

+ 42

2. England, N.E. ...

3 below

50

0

-1- 122

-1- 83

.3. England, E.

5 below

46

1

— 70 + 169

4. Midland Cos. ...

0 bi;low

49

6

- 4lj+ 169

5. England, S. ...

5 below

55

0

— 106'+ l.il

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

2 bslow

51

0

+ 11 -1- 47

7. England, N.W....

3 below

53

0

+ 10 + 118

8. England, S.W....

5 below

53

0

- 7+171

9. Ireland, N. ...

2 below

56

0

+ 195 + 23

10. Ireland, S.

4 below

55

0

V 218 -1- 97

— Channel Islands

4 below

73

0

+ 30

+ 77

446

THE GARDENEl^S' CHBONICLE.

[OcTOBEE 8, 1887.

Rainfall.

Bright
Sunshine.

Districts.

h.
1 •?

1 •

ki

i •

s.g|

?|f

M

b"'

5® §

|r

§,

H

PI

Priaeipal Wheat-pro-

Tenths of

Ins.

ducmg Districts.

Inch.

0. Scotland, N. ...

6 less

168

28.4

24

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

4 less

128

17.0

31

33

3. England. N.E. ...

0 (aver.)

115

12.8

25

33

3. England. E. ...

0 (aver).

110

12.7

17

41

4. Midland Cos. ...

4 less

101

13.4

27

38

6. England, S.

4 less

100

14.0

38

41

Principal Graziug, &c..

Districts.

6. Scotland. W. ...

6 less

130

28.6

35

37

7. England. N.W....

5 less

108

17.1

27

38

8. England. S.W....

5 less

104

16.2

47

48

9. Ireland. N.

3 less

131

22.4

19

34

10. Ireland, S.

5 less

112

19.0

27

42

— Channel Islands

1 less

117

14.1

41

63

MEAN TEMPESATITRE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUK;
ING THE WEEK ENDING OCT. 15. (AVERAGE OF
FOETY-TILREE YEARS.)

Oct. 9 ...

... 52'>.5

Oct. 13 ...

.. .'il'>.4

„ 10 ... .

... 62°.6

„ U ...

.. .■il'.S

„ 11 ...

... SS'.l

.. lo ...

.. 51°.6

„ 12 ...

... 61°.7

Mean for the

week

.. 51°.0

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Oct. 3, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has continued cloudy or dull in
nearly all parts of tlie kingdom. Falls of rain in
some places, accompanied by thunder and lightning,
were experienced during the earlier part of the
period, but aftenvards the conditions became dry,
although the sky remained cloudy or overcast.

" The tempera/ure has been below the mean in all
districts, the deficit ranging from 1° or 2° over
S:otland and in tlie North of Irelaiid to as much as
5' over the greater part of England. The highest
of the maxima, which were registered on irregular
dates, varied from 60° in 'England, N.E.,' and
•England, N.W.,' to 66° in 'Scotland, E.' The
lowest of the minima, which were generally recorded
during the early days of the period, ranged from
28° in ' Scotland, E.,' and ' England, S.W..' to 3.i° in
■Ireland, N.,' and to 43° in the ' Channel Islands.'

' The rainfall has equalled the average amount in
' England, N.E.,' and ' England, E.' ; but in all other
districts it has been less.

' Bright sunshine shows a decrease in most districts,
the percentage of the possible amount of duration
which was actually recorded ranging from 17 in
' England, E.,' 19 and in ' Ireland, N.,' to 38 in
'England, S.,' 41 in the 'Channel Islands,' and to
47 in ' England, S.W.' "

Notices to Correspondents,

Bodes : E. J. C. B. The Botanical Magazine (Lovell
Reeve & Co., Henrietta Street, Covent Garden). —
A. 1). Webster. English Botany. There has been
no other third edition of this work published jjre-
viously to that edited by Dr. Boswell (formely
Symej, and just completed. But from infor-
mation kindly furnished by Messrs. G. Bell
& Sons, the publit^hers of the third edition,
it appears tliat there was a reissue of the
second edition in a slightly different form,
different WTapper, and at a slightly reduced price,
which is marked "3rd edition " on the wrapper,
and also printed in large type, "Re-issue," the pub-
lisher advertising that " those who have imperfect
copies can make them up by purchasing this
issue.'' Mr. Webster, therefore, is no doubt in
possession of a copy of this re-issue. N. E. Broum.

Book on the Cultivation of Eeuss ; J. A. P. H.
— Select Ferns and Lycojjods, by B. S. 'Williams,
published by the author, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N.

Cattleya Gaskelhana: A. C. Pretty varieties;
one especially so.

Corrections. — In my notice of the Tweed Vineyard
at Clovenfords (p. 377), the number of bunches in
one liouse should hav* been 2500, and the weight
5000 lb., and the total weight of Grapes grown on
the place should have been 25,000 lb. instead of
15,000 lb., as stated there. W. H. Divers, Ketton
Hall, Stamford. — In article " The Edinburgh Apple
and Pear Congress, 1885," p. 404, 2iid col., for
" Beurr^s," read Benvie ; and for " Peasmeal
Pokies," read Peasemeal Pokes.

CovENT Garden Prices : Peebles. Tlie wholesale
prices are published in our reports of this market
weekly, but they are to be taken as general indi-
cations merely.

Efcharis : Marshall Bros. Not the Eucharis mite.
They seem to be the young of the wood-louse.

FuNODs ON Leaves; W. X. Y. The fungus upon the
leaves of your Cymbidium is new to science. — ■
K. B. Next week.

Insects : Mrs. T. S. B. The little black flies which
are so numerous at this time of the year in houses,
settling in swarms on the ceilings of rooms, are
Chlorops tajniopus, which are reared in stubble
and roots of corn, &c., and which come into the
houses for shelter. 7. 0. W.

JIakart Bouquets : P. 0. Tlie materials for making
of these can be obtained from the horticultural
sundriesmeu, and the better class of florists in
town.

Names of Fruits : (?. F. J. 1, Pitmaston Pine-
apple ; 2, Crimson Queening ; 3, Blenheim Orange;

6, Cox's Orange Pippin ; 6, Gloria Mundi. — J. W. J.
1, Fondante d'Automne ; 2, Marie Louise; 3,
Louise Bonne of Jersey : 4, Vicar of Winkfield ;

5, Beurre Diel ; 6, Williams' Bon Chretien.—/. H. H.

1, Beurr^ Diel ; 2, Marie Louise ; 3, Beurre de
Capiaumont ; 4, Knight's Monarch ; 5 — 8, Beurre
Kance ; 7, Beurre Bosc. — y. G. The Pear is
Flemish Beauty ; Apple, King of the Pippins. —
B. G. C. Apple, Red Astrachan.— 5. P. 1, King
of the Pippins ; 2, Hawthornden ; 3, Lucombe's
Pine; 4, Rymer; 5, Kerry Pippin; 6. Emperor
Alexander. — }V. A., Woofoit. Apple not known ;
quite worthless. — G. Le Dottx. a, Calebasse Bosc,
B, Williams' Bon Chretien.— If. Smith ij- Son,
Aberdeen. Eight varieties. Apples, for name, the
others uext week. AVe cannot undertake so many
fruits at one time ; six is the proper number to be
sent ; so large a number as you sent entail-
ing labour and pecuniary loss. 1, Irish Peach ;

2, Round 'Winter Nonsuch ; 3, Early Julien ; 4,
Cellini ; 5, not recognised ; 6, Kentish Codlin ;

7, Pott's Seedling ; 8, Red Astrachan. — Scar-
borotigh. 3, Mank's Codlin ; 4, Annie Elizabeth ;

6, White Nonpareil; 7, King of the Pippins; 9,
Queen Caroline; 11. Mere de Manage.- G. W.
1, Beurr^ Hardy; 2, Beurre Diel; 3, Beurr^
Ranee ; 4, 6, and 6, Marie Louise. — W. K. G. 1, La
Juive ; 2, Warner's King; 3, Northern Greening ;

1, Beauty of Kent. — W. C. P. 1. Alexandre
Lambre ; 2, Beurr6 d'Amanlis ; 4, Beurr^ d'Arem-
berg ; 6. Adams' Pearraain ; 7, Giange's Pear-
main ; 8, Lane's Prince Albert; 9, Ribston
Pippin. — James W. Drummond. I. Egg or White
Paradise ; 2, Stirling Ca,«lle ; 5, Royal Russet ■
6, Mank's Codlin. M. T. 1, 4. 5, Marie Louise ; 2,
Jules d'Airolles ; 3, GIou Morceau ; 6, Beurr6
Charnenses. — Alfred Walker. 1, Doyenne du
Comice ; 2, Beurre d'Amanlis ; 3, Bergainote
d'Esperen ; 4, Wiutfr Hawthornden.

Names of Plants -.S.J.B. a. Liquidambar orientale ;
B, Acer platanoides ; c, Populus alba ; d, a Robinia,
we cannot tell which ; E, Symphoricarpus race-
raosus, the variegated form of the Snowberry ; f,
Choisya ternata. — J. S 1, Nicotiana tabacum ;

2, Tagetes patula ; 3, Cineraria maritima; 4,
Lychnis ; 5, Asparngu^ ; scraps almost unre-
cognisable ; they may have been fresh once,
but now they are an .nshed, and look as if
they had been boiled.— /. L. W. 1, Taxus bac-
cata ; 2, Diplopappus ohrysophyllns ; 3, Olearia
Haastii ; 4. Pinus ; why send such a scrap ? 6,
Abies Morinda. Another time send better speci-
mens.— H. V. 4t S. Crat;E<,'u,s odoratissima, figured
by Lindley iji Botanioal Begitttr, t. 1885 ; botani-
Cftlly a form of 0. ori^entalis, — G. D. 1, Eriobotrya

japonica, Loquat ; 2, 3, Cypress, apparently both
C. torubosa, but it is impossible to speak
with certainty; 4, Viburnum Opulus. — Whitby.
(Aster) Chrysocoma linosyris : is it wild ? —
G. Phillips, Chejisiovj. Pears next week.
Flowers named ; 1, Dracocephalum virgin-
ianum ; 2, Aster nova^-anglife. — J. H. 1,
Fittonia argyroneara; 2, F. Verschaffeltii ; 3,
Begonia metallica ; 4, Croton sp., specimen not
good enough to identify : 5, Euonymus japonicus
media aurea ; 6, Davallia dissecta ; 7, Lomaria
gibba ; 8, Cypripedium barbatum ; 9, Eranthemum
pulchellum — probably no flowers; 10, Peperomia
argyrea; 11, Calanthe vestita ; 12, Begonia nitida
alba ; 13, Oncidium flexuosum. — E. L. W. Asple-
uium flabellifolium. — T. W. B. Cratajgus coc-
cinea. — W. E. Pyrus torminalis. — R. S. B. 1,
Koelreuteria paniculata (nearly, if not quite, the
first time we ever saw it in fruit in this country) ;
2, Halesia tetraptera ; 3, Comptonia aspleniifolia.

Notice : F. L. The engagement was by the day,
and no notice is required.

Touting for Advertisements : B. This is un-
doubtedly an oflence against good taste and right
feeling, but modern business is not generally
regulated by such old-fashioned notions. Ex-
cessive competition has worse sins to answer for
than this, which, after all, is no business of ours.
Your complaint should have been made in the
proper quarter.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

D. Cannon & E. Brace, Orleans, France — Conifers,

Forest and Fruit Trees.
Joseph Schwartz, 7, A la Guillotiere, Lyon--Roses.
Frank Law, Oldham Road, Rochdale — Roots,

Dahlias.
V. Lemoine, Rue de I'Etang, Nancy, Meurthe ct

Moselle— Selection from List No. 106, and Sup-
plement of Novelties.
Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough — Roses;

Fruit Trees, &c.
John Cranston & Co., King's Acre, near Hereford

—Roses, Fruit Trees. &c.
J. Bentley, Bick Chemical Works, Banow-on-

Humber, Hull — Insecticide and Horticultural

Specialties.

CO.MMU>1CATIOXS RECEIVED

. \V.— W. B. 11.— \V. S.—
& Co.— K. W.— J. D.—
J. K. J— S. & Sons.— Wild Rose.— D. .1. Y.— 'W. B.— W. S.—
W. H. G. R.— J. H. P.— .7. McB.— Wicklow.— H. B.— J. C—
G. P.— F. & A. D. & S.— W. H. Kelland.— A. L.— W. M.—
D. .T.— General Benson.— J. T. B.— J. S.— R. O.— M. D.—
O. F. W.— J. Z.— C. V. B.— J. V. v.— W. D.— J. 'W.—
H. G. S.

t^ Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or
asking qnestions demanding timeand research for their solvtion,
miist not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the

Mfi. George Newell.— -We regret to announce
the death of Mr. Geoi-ge Newell, for many years
Head Gardener to E. R. M. Pratt, Esq., RystonHall,
Norfolk, who died on the 28th ult., aged 60. Mr.
Newell was instrumental in bringing forward the
Habrothamnus which bears his name (H. Newelli), he
being the originator of this variety.

lARKETS.

COJ^NT GARDEN, October 6.
Trade inclined to improve, prices of best goods
rising. Good samples of Cobs making better prices.
James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

VKGETABLES.— AVERAOE RETAIL PRICES.

Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ...
Aubertpiie-J, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red. per dozeu 10-30
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 16-20
Cucumbers, each ... 0 &- 1 0
Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...
GreenMint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 8- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 2 0-50

Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4-.

OniouM. per bushel... 4 0- .
Parsley, ]ier bunch.., 0 6- .
Potato's, per cwt. ... 4 0- I

.. kidney, jiercwt. 4 0- I
Shallots, per lb. ...0 3-.
Spinach, per bushel... 2 6- .
Tomatos. per !b. ... 0 9- .
Turnips, new, bunoh 0 8- .
Vegt. Marro^vs, each 0 2- .

PoTATOS.— Kent Regents, 70s. to 90s. ; Beauties. 00*.
110*. ; and Magnums about lO*. per ton lower,

OCTOBEB 8, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

447

FsuiT.— Atehage Wholesale Pbioes.

^:n

s. d. s. d.
13-36

.16-40
Grapes, per lb, ...10-3 0
— Chanael IsL. lb. 0 6-09
Kent Cobs. 100 lb.. ..45 0-50 0
Lemons, per cuse ...12 0-21 0

Melons, each
Peaches, dozen
Pears. ^;

a 0- 9 0
2 6-36
French, dozen... 10-16
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50

Pla:«ts in Pots.— Average Wholehale Prices.

jlralia Sieboldi, doz. i
Asters, per dozen ... >
Capsicum, dozen ... i
Chrysaiithem., dozen '
Cyperus, per dozen . ■
DraciBna termtnalis,

per dozen 3(

. — viridis, per doz. !
Ericas, various, doz. I
Euouymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var,,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Ficus elostica. each . I

0-18 0 Foliage plants, va
0-6 0 ous, each ...

0- it 0 Fuchsias, doz.

0-9 0 Hehotrope. dozen

0-lJ 0 Hydrangeas, doz.

. 3 0-10 0
.30-90
.40-80
, 9 0-13 0

0-60 0 1 dozen 6 0-12 0

0-24 0 — lancifoUum. per

0-12 0 ! dozen 6 0-18 0

' Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0
0-18 0 , Palma, in var., each 2 6-21 0

I Pelargoniums, scar-
0-24 0 I let, per dozen ... 3 0- 6 0
0-18 0 j Scented Verbena, doz. 4 U- 6 0
6- 7 0 I

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

, 1
■ 0
Caroations, 12 blms. 0

— dozen bunches... 3
Chrysanth., 12 bun. 2

— large, 12 blooms 1
Cornflower, 12 bun. 1
Eucharis, per dozen 3
CKirdenias. 12 blooms 3
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0
Jasmine, white, bun. 0
liilium louglJlorum,

12 blooms 3

— lancifoliura.l2bl. 1

6-10
0-6 0
0-6 0

Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0- t
Mignonette, 12 bun. 0 9- i
Myosotis, 12 bun. ... 2 0- i
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 6- 1
— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 3- (
Primulas, double, 13
sprays 0 9-1

— coloured, dozen.

0- 6 0 ; — rei.perdozen ... 0 3- (

6-10, — Saffraoo, dozen... 0 9- :

6-0 9 Stephanotis, 13 spr. 3 0- .

Sunflowers, 13 bun. 2 0- ■
0-6 0 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 6-
0- 3 ol

SEEDS.

LoNDOK : Off. o. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C.,
report to-day's market poorly attended. Extreme
dulness is just now the chief characteristic of the
seed market. The autumn sowing demand is over,
and no speculation whatever has yet sprung up.
Meantime prices all round keep at a very low level.
Clover seeds of all kinds are, for the moment, quite
neglected. Cables received to-day from the United
States quote a further fall in red seed. Winter
Tares are cheap and good. Hemp seed is dearer.
Canary seed remains without change. Blue Peas
move oif slowly on former terms. Kape seed is
steady. The tendency in feeding Linseed is down-
wards.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia (East London) : Oet. 5. — Good supplies
of all kinds. Prices fair. Trade generally good.
Quotations : — Fruit : Damsons, 3s. Jjd. j.o ^45. per
half-sieve ; Pears, -is. to 5s. Gd. per bushel ; eating
Apples, 35. 3d. to 4^. do.; cooking do., 2s. Qd. to
35. dd. do.; Vegetables: Caulidowers, 25. to 4s. per
dozen; Cabbages, 3s. 6d. to 105. per tally; Scarlet
Beans, 65. to Ss. per sieve ; English Onions, os. ijd.
to Gs. per cwt. ; foreign do., 45. 6d. to 6s. Qd. per bag
of 110 lb. ; Greens, 25. to 2s. Qd. per dozen bunches ;
Carrots, l5, Gd. to 2s. do. ; Turnips, 3s. 6d. to 55. do. ;
Beetroots, 3s. Gd. to 45. do. ; ^Parsley, Is. Gd. to 2s.
do. ; Carrots, 20s. to 40s. per ton.

Stratford : October 4. — Good .supplies of all kinds
of produce, and a brisk trade at the undermentioned
quotations: — Cabbages, Ss. to 05. per tally; Turnips,
505. to 705. per ton ; Carrots, household, 405. do. ;
do. cattle feeding, 22s. Gd. to 25s. do. ; Mangels, 20s.
to 24s. do. ; Swedes, 23s. to 255. do. ; Plums, 3s. Gd.
to 4s. per sieve ; Damsons, 4s. to 4s. Gd. do. ; To-
matos, 10s. per case; Apples, 2s. to 5s. per bushel;
Thyme, 2s. Gd. to 3s. per dozen; Savoy and Sago,
2s. '6(i. to 3s. do. ; Radishes, Sd. to dd. do.; BeauF,
4s. 6d. to 5s. per sieve ; Celai-y, Oi. to Is. 3d. per
roll.

POTATOS.

BoKOUGH AND SpiTALriELDs : Octobcr 4:.—TheTe is
not much change to notice in quotations, but best
qualities are more firmly upheld, whilst for inferior
thev are (supported with difficultv. Quotations : —
Heijrons. 80s. to UOs. ; Regents, 70s. to 905.; Early
Holies, 60s. to 90s. ; Magnum Bonum, 60s. to 80s.
per ton.

Columbia (East London) : Ootohcr 5. — Quota-
tions : — Magnums, GOs. to Sos. ; Regents, 70s. to
803.; Victoria, 70?. to SOs. ; Early Rose, 76^, to 90«,';
Beauty of Hebron, 909. to 11-Oj. per ttjn.

ERIS TREMULA. — Strong, in

12s, 6(/. per 100 ; £d per 1000.
W. WALTER. Thorne Nursery, Barnes, S.W.

''PWO SPECIMEN CROTONS, 4 feet through

JL (Andrearnus and majesticus). Will sell cheap, or
EXCHANGE for Hard-wooded GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
G. REDMAN. Eyuesbury, St. Neota.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegaua, I^atania borbonica, Phcenix reclinata.
13 inches high, 4s. per do^en, 305. per 100. Package's and
Carriage free.

Lataiiia borbouica, Seaforthia elppans, Phoooix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 iuohes high. Is. 6rf. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Phcenix reclinata,
Eiiterpe edulis, aud Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 16s.
per pair.

GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, Loudon. N.

GENUINE— RELIABLE.

JARMAN'S BULBS.

Collection No. 3, 1000 Chuice Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, L'L*. delivered free.
Large Dlustrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(RKlilSTKKKl.l.

CHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

ORCHIDS.

A N 1 31 31 ENSE STOC K.

ALL IN FINE CONDITION.
INSPECTION INVITED.

New Catalogue free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYAED & NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 toos),

40s. ; 4-bushel bags, \d, each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. U. per sack ; 5 sacks,

BLACK 'fibrous PEAT, 5s. per sack. 6 sacks, 22s. j sacks,
4rf. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags. id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21. Goldsmith's Street. Dniry
Lane (lately cjiUeil 17A, Coal Yar.l). W.C.

PEAT FOR OKCHipS, &c.

PEAT of first-rate quality, suitable for
ORCHIDS. RHODODENDRONS. .iZAEEAS. HEATHS,
FERNS, and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at
moderate prices either by the sack, or bv the yard; also lir>t- rate
PEAT MO U LD.— For printed particulars, apply, D. CAMERON,
Forester. Mount Mascal Estate, North Cray. Foot's Cray, Kent.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

■ Special Trade Price only.'

PEAT.— Excellent for Heaths and general use, -fs. per yard,
4s. per sack. Orchid (specialitej, fiut-st selected Feru fibre,
6s. erf. pet sack. EliododeDdroQ, lOi. per ton, not less
than 5 tons.

LOAM.— Good fibrous, 13s. per ton. Is. ^d. per sack'.

LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, "(veU decayed, 25. per sack,

SILVER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. ^d.
and 85. per ton.

SPHAGXUM MOSS.— Freeh, 6s.6rf. per sack.

GRAVEL.— Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths,
8!f. 'ad. per tun.
The above prices are the lowest ever offered to growers, and

VFill be in fore-e three months only.

GATERELL & SON, Peat Mer'liants, Eingwood.

SUSSEX and BEDFORDSHIRE SILVER
SAN'DS, Siisaes, Kent, end H^imp'hire PEATS, eu^eeTt
and Sujrgy Loam°, Rockery S tone, &!' . fur ?ale at moderate qu/^-
tBtlons,—W'. SHORT. HorticultwftlOorapaiiy.Midhurst.Sufleei.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two I'l

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks inclurted.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... bs. per sack ; h sacks for 32«. W.

PEAT, be-st black fibrous ... is. tW. ,, 6 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, eitra selected Orchid 5s. ii. ,. 5 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best vellow fibrous ... ")

PREPARED "COMPOST, best (is. per bush., l!. per sack.
LEAF MOULD, beet only f (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD. .. )

, Is. 6cf. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only „
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Spi!cialite)
MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ...
CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER--
TELISER, the Best Food for I

8t(:lb.. 28 1b. 18s.
M. lb., 28 lb. 18s.
5s. per bushel.

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 561b. 1 cwt.

Fruits. Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/3 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 6/B 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2.!. U. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. : 20 saclcs, 17». :

30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks. 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

25s. Limited qiuintities of G., special quality, granulated,

in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, Mn.WALL, LONDON, E.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Saccessor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a, Queen Victoria
Street, E.C., near Mansion House Station. Dep6t : Swan Place,
Old Kent Road. London. S.E.
Telkgrams — " Fi.ORicui.TURE. LONDON." Established 1854.

EAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for

Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 105. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6*^. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at \bs. per ton.
Orchid Peat. bs. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM. Is. 6d. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Farnboro' Station. Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best ijualiti/, a.s supplied to the Jiot/al Gardens, <^c.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 6 for 22s. Sd.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack, 6 for 20s.
COARSE SIL\'ER SAND, Is. 6d. per bushel; 14s. fton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD. 4s. per sack. [25s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM Ss. per s,ack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN. 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA. LABELS. STICKS. BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES. &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack.
SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH. eachSi. per lb. j

28 lb. for I8s. Price List free by post.
W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Eichange Warehouses, South-
w.ark Street. London. S.E.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS. FEKNS. KHODODENI>KU>'S,
and other choice Plants.

Tlie Best In the World.

AJOHNtiON AND CO., 2S, Leadenhall Street,
• London, E.C.. continue to receive the lii^hest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the host they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have NO Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates. ^_^___

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be tlie b.>st for oil kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, FERNS. HEATHS. &c. ; aud their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

by innumerable unsolicitedTestimonials. Rhododendron PEAT,
LEAF-MOULD. LOAM, SAND. SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FLBRE. CHARCOAL, &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials.
EPPS & CO., RINGWOOD, HANTS.

WASPS !

-Ask your Chemist
for the IN ST INT
ANEOUS DEiTH
TO WASPS Sold
\VhoksalebyBAR
CLAY AM. SON.
Farriugdon Street,

DIE
rvlMEDIAlELY.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised bv IH.OOiJ of the NCib'litv. Geiitrv.
nnd'Cler-irv, lor all kinds of

OUIDOOB, WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Framee, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poisonous Piiinis for Inside Work Conservatories, &c-.
Prises, Patterns, and Testimonials. Post-free.

LA BEU.E SAUVAGE YAED, LUDGATE HILL, B.O. ;

BAOnELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Daioonne /or Caak.

448

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBEB 8, 1887.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE, newly made.— Great
reduction. In bags — 20. 14s. ; 40. 2.5s.. bags included.
Truck-load of two tons, 20s. All free on to Rail.

J. STEVENS AVD CO., Greyhound Yard, and l.j.3. High
Street. Battersea, S.W.

ARDENERS, &c., REQUIRING PEAT,

S.IXD. LOAM. POTTINS COMPOST. GARDEN
NETTING, RAFFIA, .MATS, &c.. in large or small quantities.
• 25 per cent, by sending for our List of Prices, post-

free.

BRINKWORTH asp SONS, Reading

CERTAIN DEATH

to JIEALY BUG and other

INSECTS on PLANTS. ^^^\

-^ PERFECTLY
HARMLESS

) the most tender plant.

Is. 3d. and 28. 6d.,
3st-free.
THE AGRI-HOETICULTURAL
CHEMICAL COMPANY.
TONBTiiniiK. KKXT.

PMSHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

VX Gardeners since 18.W against Bed Spider. .Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to :.' ounces tp the
gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6rf.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE CO.MPANY
(Limited). Loudon.

MAT S.—

New Season's MATS.

GARDEN
We have just received
specially selected for Garden use.

NEW ARCHANGEL (full size). 90s. per 100. 10s. per ten,
BEST HEA^TT RUSSIAN, 70s. per 100, "s. Hd. per ten.
Other sorts cheaper.
BRINKWORTH A\D SONS, Importers, Reading.

Bosber's Garden Edging TUes.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are m:ide in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
J KITCHEN GARDENS, aa
they harbour no Slugs or
Insects, take up little
and once put down int
further labour or expense,
do " grown " Edgings, con
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c.. in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers. Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agent3 for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVTlRS. and PROPAGATrNG BOXES : aUo for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3.?. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, mth Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.

Larders. Kit<-hen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement, &c.

F. KOSHER iND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

I

V E R SAND,

^ fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
ir Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
'its to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.

FLINTS and BRICK BURRS fur Rockeries or Ferneries.

KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any

F. ROSHER A?a> CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

21-OZ. Furngn of thp.iVK.\. si/e-^. in IW and 2l>0 feet boxes.
Sd-s and 4th'* qualities, always knpt in stork

A large stock of similar current sizea of 15-OZ. glass in
20() feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, ran be oht-iin*"! from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD. OIL and Col.orR MERCHANTS.

34, St. John Street, West Bm^thfleld, London, B.C.

stock List and Prices on apphcairon. Quote Chronicle.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the n
to any railway station, \s. Sd. per
10 gallons.

CA UTION.—

imitations. ___^_^____

HILL & SMITH

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street. London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

FAWKES* Slow-combus-
tion HEATING APPARATUS.

portant improvements introduced.
Mo^t efficient and cheapeat in ex-
isti^nce. Requires no sunk stokehole
and no brick setting. Will last all
night without attention. Will burn
hou^e cinders, therefore costs next to
nothing for fu--!. Anv one can fix it.
A domestic sen^ant can stoke it.

Boilers Delivered Carriage Paid
from £2 10s

N umber *»

kind.

Beware of i
efficient in o
plete Appnrat
which mil '
last all night

Full part ulari
and Prices of
every sized Ajv
paratu'', a 1
numerous Te
monials for 1

CROMPTON & FAWKES,

CHELMSFORD.

STEVEN BROl & C<>
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

+. UPPER THAMES S-' LONDON. EC. I

ESTAPUSHEP.

1818.

HENRY HOPE,

^ ^-■---g^^^pl HorttciiHural Builder and

- ~- ^—^^^^^-^^ ' Hot-icater Engineer,

56. Lionel St.. Birmingham.

Flans and Estimates on
~- application.

ETp*riftn'*sd Workmen «i»a1) to any part of th« Kingdom.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE

HOT WATER APPARATUS.

cheape5t, and most
powerful apparatus
made. It requires no
hnck netting, no stoke-

fitter for fixing. Th-
Boiler stands
front only being outside,

the

he whole of the heat from the Boiler

utilised. It bums over twelve

ithout attention, at a nominal co«it.

■ I r \ Mijr, with Boiler, open feed syphon, 12ft. of

hot-wat'T pipe, and patent joints, complete, £A 4«.

Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.

Cost of apparatus complete for Greenhouses as below.

ith pipes cut and fitted ready forfixing.

delivered free.

ft. ft.
10 X

4 14

I ft. ft.

I ft. ft.

5 10 8 25 ;
12 X 8... 5 1 0 I SOX 10... 6 0 0 1 40 X 16... 12 12 4
Proportionate prices for other sizes. Estimates free.
Illustrated List, with full particulars of these and every
description of Fuel, Ga^. and Oil Heating Stoves free.

«'• ^"^^^■'^'i-TrN bTri rI'dIe .

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

Packages and packm'j /(>f, ami dc!n\reii to any tjindan .StatiG

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

12

12

Gla-ss c

21/-

21 c

'- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6.

16/6 or 250 squares ^ by ej, or 220

19/- squares, 9} by 6J, or 170 squares,

24/- 9 by 7*, or 150 squares, 10 by 8,

20/- for 10.«. Carriage paid for all orders

31/-

•21/- „ .36/-

r£3.

3 at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PCTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for u
n tins of 1 lb. to U lb., at 5rf. per pound. Special quotatic
[iven for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLES.ILE LEAD AND iU.ASS WAREHOUSE,
14. Moor Lane. Crlpplegate. London. EC.

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

KKALLIDA\ AND CU. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p„.v,„„ ( 3 10 0
3-lightframe, 12feetby6feet^„^ff'"?|^; 5 6 0
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet I "-""^' ""^ ( 10 0 0
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers.
ROYAL HORTlCtTLTfRAL WORKS, MIDDLETOX.

jiaxche.';ter.
London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c„

2, HoUoway Road, N.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS.

121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, E.C

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will eive Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and
bend competent assistantfl when neceasary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, BunhiU Row. London, E.C.

niufltrated Lists of Wooden Buildings. Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Wills, Pathi, and St.-'ges,
cent post-free on application.

THE GAUDENEB^' CBRONICLE.

449

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGIKEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenliouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c.. <

nproved pla

perfection of growing housea, uud for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do o
and that THE very best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed iirohiteoturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our 1
from the smallest to the largest. HOt-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaran

in all cases. Mclon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., tUwuys in stock.

Pla?ts, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers watted on m ant/ part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST MATERIAL!

I

MESSENGEK & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenliouses and Heating Apparatus,

Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses.
Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot>-water Pipes, and all appliances for
beating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
hinta on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. PrlCC 2s. poSt-free,

A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
us enable us to earn.' out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys
made and gentlemen waited on in anv part of the countrv. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellingtou Streat, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

Please send me "The Gaedenees' Chbonicle "-ftr _
mencing ,/or which I enclose P.0.0._

^ Please Note that all Copies sent Direct ftom this Office must be paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KLNODOM ;— 12 Months. 15s. ; 6 Months, Is. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. »d. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS {eicepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. id. for 12 Months. India and China 19s. 6

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,

No. 42, DBTmY LANE, London, to W. BICHABDS,

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

Baskets— Baskets.
C J. WALDEN, Walham Green, Fulham,

►0« S.W., and Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, E.G., supplies
all kinds of PLAN! and PACKING BASKETS, at low prices.
A trial solicited.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH<>

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thrip, Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, <£c., &c.
PERFECTLY ) <,»„','« »
HARMLESS

i and Skin, but will cure

Animals, and all Diseases

produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A combination of Hydrocarbon Oils, made soluble in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS &. PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Hoots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d, ^s. Cd, & -Js-Gd;

* gallon 7s. 6d, 1 gallon 12s. 6d. or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester,

Wholesale: Hoopeb&Co.; Corbt, Sopee, Fowler & Co.;
C. E. OsMAN it C" ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chants and ^Miolcsal'? Patent Medicine Houses. NEW
yORK— ROLKKE & So.vs.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

Tliroici a fine
spray '20 ft., and
a jet m ft., u-ith
great force.

A splendid
substitute for the
Si/ringefor using
Insecticide, Price
2.5s. A largof
size for watering
purposes, 45s.

Carriage Paid.

HUGHE

I^APHICIDE

'l~ 1/6

HUGHES'

GREEN & CREAM COLOR SHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applied — Lasts all the

Summer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas, |J I I ^ U P O 9

&c., and for Cut Flowers. n W ^in bO

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon tc- Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Diies
instantly. Sold in bottle.s, Is. & 2s. Per post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing: Vines Bleeding after Pruning.
Very effectual in preventing- the flow of sap in Vines being

■wasted. In bottles 1/G and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.
For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, UllPUrC
Crickets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nUvllllO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses,— for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price. 6d., Is. & 2/6. Per post 3d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, "^E^tSI^"^

tftQtORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANOHESTER

450

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBEH 8, 1887.

THOMAS'S

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS

ill "

straining Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 63s.

As illustrated abov-\ price .3s. 3^. per doz.
'ing Eyes.— No. 631. Terminal Holdfiiats.— No. 632.

No. 6.32a. (^ „ ,

Per doz.

2B.

2 2^ .3 3^ inches.
3d., 4d., 5d., 7d. per doz.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

I>er 100 yards.
nlustrated CATAI.OGCE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTUKIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362, EDGWABE ROAD, LONDON, W.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SE.VSONS AKCIIANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every otner description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA (Fi-esh Arrival).

SPECIAL QVOTATIOX.S on APPLICATrON.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, RiiHa, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Knstic Work,
Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of . ^ „

W.-VTSON AND SCULL. 9Cl. Lower Thames Street, London. E.G.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PP-TERSBlIRn, and PACKINC.
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, RAFFIA, PEAT
LOAM, SILVER SAND and COCOA-FIBRE REFfSE.
GAKDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & CO., 129, Commercial Street,
Spitallields, Loudon. E

NEW Ai;nT\N(;EL mats.— Russia
MATS..1 -. RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAGandPAI'll i, i . i he Triide at Lower Prices than
anyother firm lln- . .— MA KENDAZ AND FISHER, Sand
10, JaraiM Stre..t,|-.....|it'^.r.l.-n. W.C.

To Nurserymen. Seed Merchants, and Florists.

JBL.\CK1!URN and SONS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also
Petersburg JIats and Mat Bass, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free.— 4 ami .=1, Wormwood Street, E.C.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
BOBEBTS'S PATENT,

for Greenliouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHUUSES Heated 24 Hours for
alMUt One Penny, without attention. ROTiEP.TS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with comninn ereil. or coiil and coke. For
Greenhouses, ll.-lr....ni«. ,'tr. l'aui]>ldrts, Drawings, and

authenticated 'l'--ii!n .il--riit. s.,' in ii <■ at Patentee's,

THOMAS BOBEBTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all dc-scriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

|\ FEN'S SUITS,17/6; TROUSERS & VEST,0'-

i>l. TROUSERS. 4/6. Carriage paid.

SILVER WATCHES, 12/6; GOLD. 26/- and upw.irds.
THE CASH CLOTHING CO.MPANY. Post OfBce Yard,
Walham Green. London, S.W-

THE BEST KtMtOY' t-0!< INUiata IIOiN.

GAr\»OI^IL£ PILLS.

.4 If c'oiiji'lenfly recommended as a simple but certain

See Testimonial, selected from hundreds:—

CROYDON, i8Ss.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, I am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend thein to all suffering from the same.
" J. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magasincs.

Sold everywhere, price is. \\d., is. gd. and lis.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accidents Employers Li:, hint v.niMire.l against by the

RAILAVAY PA.ssKN(ii:i;s- ASSURANCE
CO.MPANY, CI, I r"i> M l..,,l,,n. Income £248,000.
Compensation paid l.'i 1 , :.iits, £3,3.50,000. Mode-

rate Premiums— favuuii' :i : i-. Prompt and Liberal

settlement of Claims, ■an'i Hirvie M. Farciuhar, Esq.
West End OfBce. 8, Grand IL.tid lluldinga, W.C; Head
Oilice, 64, CornhiU, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VAN. Secretary.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P 8 ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Nurseryman and Market Gardener.

WAN! Ell. an experienced practical MAN,
witli .STuall Capit4il, to take Share of Business, and
entire ZHanagement. — Apply to S. N.. OUiee of th:s Paper,
stating expenente. qualifications, and references.

WANTED.agood WORKINO GARDENER,
to Lav-out a Gardett, &c. Must under?tand Designing
:ui.l Layii)2-ovit Drives. Walks. Trenching. &c. 26s. a week,
and :l hi-u-e.— X.. 16, St. PetersburK Place. Bavswater, W.

W ANTED, a KITUHEN GARDENER.

? T Must have a good knowledge of Fruit Trees, Glass,
&c. Wages, IS-s. per week to begin w ith.— Apply, with refer-
ence, :^Ir. A. BISSETT.The G:irilens. l':[ins Hill. Cobham.

KSSKS. THOS. CKIITS and SON, The

;,,,, ,,;,, n-.r. '. .' i,.iii 'i ,..• a VACANCY

., I,,, , '.• :■ \:. \TORof Hard

V , ■, I r'.,i.'. '-ii ' :iv skilful with

, ., . i; ,,,i,,i,.n,ir,,,,.. i;.... -, -.■ Acers, &.C.—

■ ■-. :is iihMC.. ^tatiu'' :i:;i'. u ;i;;i-. n-iiiiiivd, and enclosing

M

\\

and

/•ANTED, a PLANT GROWER

'liOPAG-ATOR.- Must be clever and energetic, with
r.ii-ter.— .4pplv, with particulars and wages expected,
I ^ r. Cardenars Clironicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,

WANTED, a Hard-wooded PROPAGATOR
and SALESMAN. Well-up in Rhododendrons, Aza-
leas, Camellias, &c. Must he experienced in Cucumbers,
Tom'atos, and Market Stuff.— Apply, stating lowest wages, to
RIDKR BROS., Moortown. Leeds.

WANTED, an experienced practical MAN,
to grow Roses, Eucharis, Ferns, Flowering Plants.
Bulbs and Roots. Must be esnecially skilful in Grafting aid
Growing Roses under Glass, and Forcing Bulbs. fee-Full par-
ticulars, with retences, w:igi's rcqiiir,-d. &c.. to D. S., Messrs.

Nutting & Sons. 106, South»:.rk SI net. London, S.E.

Seed Trade.

WANTED, a thoroughly capable and superior
Man as HEAD SHOPMAN, lor a large Provincial Seid
Business.— Address, stating age, p«rticular« of experience,
salary, &c., to S. S. B., Clanknirt' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Traveller.

WANTED, a TRAVELLER, well acquainted
with all branches of the Seed Trade; of good ad<lre»',
and with good reference,.— CHARLES SHARPE ASD CO.,
Sleaford.

GAEDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Me. James Elworthy, for the last six and a
half years Foreman at Scampston Hall, Rilling-
ton, York, has been appointed Head Gardener {o
E. Cheney, Esq., Gaddesley Park, Leicester.

Mr. John Scouse, late Gardener to Jas.
HoRNSBY, Esq., Stapleford Park, Melton Mow-
bray, has been appointed Head Gardener to
Captain Q. G. Blane, Eoliejon Park, near
^Windsor.

WANT PLACES.

RICHARD SMITH a n d G 0.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or (jentleman with particulars,
ft,c.— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

^COTCH GAKDENKKS,

O —John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his List a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS. ^vu.itiug re-engagements. He will be pleased to
supply full partii-ulars to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman

;in.l t

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

.Sl'EWAKL'.S, iJAlLIKF.S. ur li.lUJjENEKS.

JAMES CAltTEU and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competi?nt MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs, Carter.
Enquiries should be made to ^37 and 2:^8. High Holboni. W.C.

SCOTCH GAKDENERS.— Several very supe-
rior MEN on our Books, whom we can recommend with
utmost confidence. Established 1717.— AUSTIN and McAS-
LAN, Nursery and Seedsmen, 16, Buchanan Street, Glasgow.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAINO AND 8UNS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners anil Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND SONS. The Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E.

''THE LIVERPOOL HOKTIUULTUKAL

JL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another M.A.N, who. in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.

MANAGER or CiAKDENER.— Middle-aged,
single; energetic. TlioroughlyexperiencedinaUbrancl.es
oE the profession- the Rearing of Arboreous Trees. Manage-
ment of Woods and Plantations, and the Laying-out of Pleasure
Grounds and Ground Work generally. Good references. — R. C,
Gardeners' Ckronicle Oiiice, ll.VVVllingtonStreet. Strand. W.C

G1ARDENER (Head).— Married; thoroughly
r experienced in all bnindies. Good character.— J. G.,
15. Tomkin-^on Street. Hool. Che>ter.

G1 ARUENER (Head). — Age 48, married,
W three chiMren (vounge-t n<re H>j ; thorough practic. 1
man Twenty vears in 'la-*t ^itu:ltioll. Left through death (f
employer.-A. B., i:i -Terdan Place. Walliam Green. S.W.

/ ^ ARDENER (Head). — Mr. Nisbet, Gar-

\jr deuer. Aswarbv Park, Falkingham, Lincolnshire, will
be pleased to recommend to any Lady- or Gentleman a
thoroughly trustworthy man as above.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 27.— G. Merhitt,
Gardener tu the Right Hon. Lord Dacrc, Kimpton lloo,
Wehvyo, Herts, desires to recommend his Foreman, James
Anderson. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Testimonials
of the highest order.

C' GARDENER (Head).— W. bWAN having
T left Howick House Gardens, is seeking a fresh appoint-
ment. Thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession.
First-class Grower and Raiser of Orchids. Excellent te.sti-
monials as to character and ability.— 82. South Meadow Lane,
Preston.

ARDENER (Head); age30.— Mr. Claukk,

Gardener, Lowther Castle, Penrith, has very great
pleasure in recommending his Foreman, Wm. Webber, to any
Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, who may be in vant of a
thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, with excellent
references from previous employers.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 28, single; Pro-

ti-stant. Fourteen years' experience in some of the best
and largest Gardens in England, viz., Linton Park, Lythe
Hill, &c. At present Foreman at Burghley Gardens.— Testi-
monials from above places, and particuhirs from R. GILBERT,
Burghley Gardens. Stamford.

ARDENER (Head). — Age 28, married,

three children ; thoroughly understands Vines, Peachep,
Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenliouse Plants. Kitchea
Garden and Pleasure Grounds, Table and Ballroom Decorations.
With present employer three years. Good testimonials.— G. G.»
40, Florence VilUi, Nicholson Road, Addisconjbe.

I

OCTOBBB 8, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

451

GARDE\ER(Head), where twoorthree Under
Ga .leiieM are kept.— Ape 45; at liberty on October 24.
All exft'lleut iill-ruuiid tiurjeuer, of long pnictice, would be
gUi.l to miet nicli a situ.ition. High wages not desire,!;
molenile w.ijo- ;iiri-]itea. — Letters to be adilresseil to F. M.,
G/nii«;ii- r/i,.m"d nili.e. H, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

pAUUKAEli, (Head); age L>8. single.— H.

y^ DOWNIXO, Gardeuer, Norbury Pftrk, nenr Dorking,
Surrey, will be pleaseti to recommeud to any Lady or Gentle-
man a thorouf?h honest, sober, industrious, hard-working man
who thorout;hly understands h'S busiuess. A Single-handed
place not objeott-d to. Shiili be pleased toanswerany inquiries.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.

GARDEN liR (Head). — F. Thomson, seven
years Head Gardener to Wm. Baring, Esq., Norman Court,
DeiiQ, near Salisbury, is now at liberty to engage with any
Lady or Gentleman requiring a ttrst-claiw Gardener. Excellent
references from present and former employers, and leaving
through no fault.

GAKI)ENEU(Head); age i^8.— Geo. Smith,
Gardener, The Street, Chorley. Lancashire, will be
pleased to recommend his Foreman, R, Batemau, to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trustworthy man.
First-class experience iu several leading establishments, in-
cluding VVorlisop Manor. EuviUe Hall, Eastnor Castle, &c.
Land and Stock if required.

GAKDENER (Head ^\ orking), or where
help is given.— Wife would do small familiy's Washing.
Good references.— S. H.. 8, Devonshire Road, ilottingham,
Kent.

GARDENER (Head WoniaNG). — Age 30,
married, one child; thoroughly experienced iu all
branches. Four years' good character as Head. — H. G., 8, The
Avenue, Wallington, Surrey.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,

married ; thorough experienced ; Vines, Stove, Green-
house, Orchids, Forcing, &c. Five years' reference. — V.ASS,
117, Gloucester Road. Regent's Park, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29,
married, one in family; thoroughly experienced in all
branches. Sixteen years' experience in large places. Well
;nded.— C. ENSOLL, Claydon, Winsloiv, Bucks.

GARDENER (Head Wobking).— Age 40;
one cliild (age ij years). Thoronshly practical. Wife
Dairy, I'oultrv. also good Cook. Good character.— GARDENER,
Clarence House, Clarence Road, Clapham Park, S.W.

G

A.RDENER (Head Working). — Age 28;

llioroughly experienced in Vines, Melons, &,c., Stove and
enhouse. Flower and Kitchen Garden. Can be well recom-
ided. Five years" in present place.— G. WARD, Rushton,

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 45,
married, three children; thoroughly experienced in
Fruits, Flowers, and Kitchen Garden. A successful Grower of
Vines, Slelons, Cucumbers, and Tomatos. — W. N., Rose Cettage,
New Cross, Wantage, Berks.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 30,

married, no family ; thoroughly experienced in Vines,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, General Forcing. Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Three and a half years' good character. —
G. W., Theobald's Park, Waltham Cross, Herts.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 42,

married, no family ; thorough practical man in all branches
of Gardening, Orchids, Early Forcing of all kinds of Fruits,
Flowers, &c. Twenty-five years' practical experience. Good
references.— H. P., 6, Larch Road, Bedford Hill, Balhdm, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head AVorking), where two
or three are kept. — Age 36, married; thoroughly ex-
perienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit, Flower, and
Kitchen Garden. Twenty- two gears' experience. Three years'
good character. — S., 23, Alderbrook Road, Bnlham, S.W.

ARDENER (Head Working).- Age 32;

good practical knowledge of every branch of the pro-
fession. First-class reference for ability, honesty, sobriety, in-
dustry, and trustworthin-ss. Abstainer.— A. BUKNINGHA.M,
la, Totterdown Place, Muswell Hill, N.

ARDENER (Head Working),— A Gentle-

MAN wi^hes to find a situation for a man who has been
witli him in the above capacity for twelve years. Thoronghiy
understands his business iu all its branches, and can have an
excellent character .— J. C, H., Wood Lea, Bedford Hill,
Balham, S.W.

ARDENER (Head Working), where four

or more are kept. — Age 33 ; eighteen years' experience
in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables ;
also Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Excellent character and
references.— CHARLES ARTHUR TOLLEY, Cowley Manor
Garden^*, near Cheltenham.

ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 27,
single.— David Brown, Gardener to Colonel Maitland,
Winchfield House, Winchfield, Hants, is open to re-engage
■with any Lady or Gentleman, as Head Working Gardener.
Twelve years' experience in Gardening in all its branches.—
For character and ability apply to the abov**.

G;t ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30;
r thoroushly experienced in Grapes, Peaches, Melons,
Tomatos, Mushrooms. Stove and Greenhou-ie Plants, Chrysan-
themums. Tuberous Begonias specialty. Kitchen and Flower
Garden, Early and Late Forcing. Thoroughly recommended
as a good all-round man.— G. F., Deerbotts Hall, Earl Stouham.

ARDENER (Head Working, or good

Single-handed).— Single; experience^i both in Flower
and Kitchen Gardening, Good character. Total abstainer.
Disengaged.— H. TOMS, F. Pelham, Buntingford, Herts.

GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and
BAILIFF; age 41, married.— THOMAS PERKIN3 & Sons,
ri4. Drapery, Northampton, wi<>h to recommend a thoroughly
honest, sober, and inihHtrious man ; good all round ; also
understands the Mnnagcnu-iit of Land and Stock, if rorinired.

GARDENER, Kitchen Garden or Pleasure
Grounds. — Age 26; twelro years' experience. Good
recommendation. No objection to "attend to Cows. — G. P.,
27, Wells Road, Sydenham.

GARDENER, with o-ne, two, or three under
him; age 36, marricil. four children.— A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses. Kitchen and Flowor Gardens, who understands
Grapes. Melons. Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Working, or good .Second).
— Age 27 ; married, no family. Thorough knowledge of
the profession in "all branches. Good character.— C, 72, Ems-
worth Road, Buckland, Portsmouth.

GAUDENER (Single-handed or Second).
— Age 26, single ; competent in all branches ; one year and
ten months' excellent character.— J. W., 34, Fleet Road,
Hampstead, N.W.

G

ahiii;m;

;D, or SI^fGLE-HANDED),
Ills Plant Growing and Forcing,
. Good character— G. P., Wool-
. Berlis,

GARDENER (Second), or charge of small
place. — Age 25, single; experienced in all branches.
Good testimonials.- T. B., Jiji, Pall Mall, Loudon, S.W.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 24 ; nine years'
experience in good places. Can be thoroughly recom-
mended by last and previous employers.— THOILIS BOCKLEY ,
Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire.

ARDENER (Second), or FOREMAN,—

Mr. HoiRE, of Stapleluirst, Kent, wishes to recommend
a young man as above, who has been in his Garden upwards of
ten years. Very steady and industrious. Well up to liis work.

ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN,

in the Houses in a good establishment. — Age 22; good
character and highly recommended.— K. L.A.WKENCE, Floral
Nurseries, Maidenhead, Berks.

GARDENER (Under, where two or three are
kept, or plain Single-hantied).- Age 22 ; seven years'
experience. Good character.— H., 19, Field Road, Forest Lane,
Forest Gate, Essex.

GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed).
—.Age 21 ; six years' good experience in Plant and Fruit
Houses. Well-up in Propagating and Outdoor Work. Good
character.— G. F. S., Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellin"--
ton Street, Strand. London, W.C.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 18; part Indoors
and part Out. Good references.- J. E. WATSON,
Potterhanwortli, Lincoln.

G J. ARDENER (Under). — Age 22; seven
W years' experience Inside and Out. Excellent character.
Abstainer.— A. HAWKES, WidEord, Chelmsford, Essex.

i^ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 j six years'

VT experience in Cucumbers, Tmiatos, and general Nursery
Work. Good reference.— \V. HA5lt, Jlrs. Garnett, Stockport
Road, Altrincham.

GAKDENER (Under).— Age 19; steady,
understands Glass an' General Work.— Applv, stating
Wages, to Lady Marv Egektox, Mountfield Court) Euberts-
bridge, Sussex.

NURSERY MANAGER, or EOREMAN.—
The advertiser is open for an engagement as above. Has
had upwards of twenty years' practical experience Excellent
testimonials. — ALPHA, Messrs. Clark, Bros., & Co., Nursery-

FOREMAN, in a tirst-class establishment.—
Age 29 ; twelve years' practice in large places, and twelv
year^' good character. Nearly two years iu present situation
— G. B., Lower Busto. Erasworth. Hants.

To Nurserymen.
X'^OREMAN, or to take Charge of a Small

i Nursery.— A-re 25 ; thoroujishlv experienced in all branches
of the Trade. Highest testimoaial-- aa to ability an-i general
good character.— S., Gardeners' Chro?iicle Office, 41. Welliu"--
ton Street. Strand. W.C.

__ Trade.

T'OREMAN (Working), or PROPAGATOR

J- and GROVVEK. — Fifteen years' experience in all branches,
including Wreaths, Eouiiuets, &c. Disengaged. — M., 9. GroA'e
Place, Acton, W.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market.
—Age 30; veil up iu all branches of the Cut Flower and
Plant Trade, Sixteen yeara'experience.- B., 168, Lodge Lane,

PROPAGATOR (Second), in good establish-
ment.— .Ige 20; well up in Kliododendrons, Conilerte,
Eoses, &c. Four and a half years' reference from old-estab-
lished firm.- BRIGGS, Courtlands, Sandrock Koad, Tuubridge
Wells.

FRUIT GROWER.— Age 30, single; tho-
roughly experienced in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers,
Tomatos, Mushrooms, Strawberries in pots, and General Cul-
ture of Plants,- Would go abroad if required,— J. JONES, Ked
Lion Yard, New Brentford, Middlsaex.

JOUNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
Age 21 ; six years' experience. Good recommendations
from present and previous situations.— T. S., The Gardens,
Sunbury Court, Sunbury, Middlesex.

JOURNEYMAN ; age 22.— Mr, Thomson,
Gardener to HisGrnce the Duke of Grafton, K.G., Wake-
field, Stony Stratford, Bucks, can recommend a superior young

JOUiS'EYMAN in the Houses in a Gentleman's
Garden.— .4t;e 19; seven years' experience and references.
— W. ASHTON, Elsham, Brigs, Lincoln,

IMPROVER, in the Houses in a Gentleman's
Garden.— Age 18 ; is strong and >villing. Two years' cha-
racter.—Rev. G. HORNER, Mells Rectory, Frome.

IMPROVER. — A respectable young man seeks
re-engagement in the Houses. Willing to pay Premium.
Good character.— Box 834, 402, Strand, W.C'

IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 19 ; can be well recommended.
Thoroughly steady and willing. Three years' experience. —
GARDENER, The Yews, Milborne Port, Sherborne, Somerset.

TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—

X Age 20; would be willing and obliging. Total abstainer.
Two and a half years' experience. Good character. A Pre-
mium given.— H. SAMPSON, Hall Street, Bristou, Norfolk.

TMPROVER, in a good Garden.— H. Eldhidge

X will be pleased to recommend a young man. Two years'
work outside. Abstainer.— E. RYDER, The Gardens, Chester-
field Park, Saefron Walden. Essex,

0 NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS. —

A young man (age 22) requires situation in Houses; has
had seven years' experience in Fruit and Flower Forcing.—
The Cottage, Crockenhill, Swanley Junction, Kent.

'^rO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation in

JL a Nursery, or Gentleman's Garden.— Age 20; six \ ears'
experience. Total abstainer. Good character from last em-
ployer.—H. BENNETT, Steeple Aston, Oxon.

O GARDENERS, &c.— Young man (age 21)

wants a situation under a Gardener in a Gentleman's
place, where he can learn the profession, and a knowledge of
Inside and Out. Premium given. — L. B., 41, Ravensbourue
Street, St. John-'^, S.E.

0 GARDENERS.— Wanted, a situation by

a single Man (age 24), to attend to Cows and Assist in
the Garden. First-class recommendation.- H. M., 55, Port-
land Road, South Norwood, S.E.

SHOPMAN, or TRAVELLER. — Age 30;
thorough knowledge of the Garden and Farm Seed Trade.
Sixteen years' experience in some of the leading Provincial
Houses. Highest references.— J. F., Keith & Co., tioA, George
Street, Edinburgh.

SHOPMAN, or WAREHOUSE MANAGER,
open for engagement. — Eighteen years' experience in all
branches; first-class testimonials, and highest references. —
A. S. D., Tillie & Turner, Edinburgh.

SHOPMAN. — Age 22; nine years' first-class
practical experience. Thorough knowledge of Seeds,
Bulbs, and Sundries. — ALPHA, Laburnham Cottage, Barton-
under-Needwood, Burton-on-Trent.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. —Age 20; thorough practical
knowledge of Seed Business, and well up in Bouquet,
Wreath, and Cross Work. Fourteen years' tirst^class refer-
ences.—F. WARD, 13J, High Street, Southampton.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five
years' experience. Good knowledge of Plant and Seed
Trade. Good references.— J.NO. HARDING, St. Neots, Hunts.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT, — Age 21 ;
five vears' experience. Good knowledge of Seeds and
Bulbs. Good references.— J. W. O., Kent & Brydbn, Darlington;

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; six years'
experience in all brandies of the Seed and Bulb Trade. —
,T. H., P.. B. Laird St Sons. Edinborsh.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 25 ; nine years'
experience. Good general knowledge in all branches.
First-class references.— R. O., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SEED TKADE.— A young Englishman seeks
a situation in a good Businer»s, Wholesale or Retail —
Office, Shop, or Wareliouse. Moderate salary. Excellent
knowledge of German. Two years' experience in good German
Houses. First-class testimonials.— 1>. F, G., 3Ies;srs. Cooper,
Taber & Co.. Wholesale Seed Merchants, 90, Southwark Street,
London, S.E.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS
are tlie best, the cheapest, and the mo?it popular remedies.
At all seasons and under all circumstances they may be used
with safety and with the certainty of doing good. Eruptions,
rashes, and all descriptions of skin diseases, sores, ulcerations,
and burns are presently benefited, and ultimately cured by
these healinc;. soothing, and purifying medicaments. The
Ointment rubbed upon the abdomen checks all tendency to
irritation of the bowels, and averts dysentery and other dis-
orders of the intestines. Pimples, blotches, inflammation of
the skin, muscular pains, neuralgic affections, and enlarged
glands can be effectively overcome by using HoUoway's remedies
according to the " instructions" accompanying each packet.

452

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBKE 8, 1887.

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, caU Special Attention to their

PATENT WROUGHT-IRON MUNICIPAL OR ANGULAR CHAMBERED AND TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others -with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

PAnni C Dflll TDO ^^'ith WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED liOILERS, any of -nhicli are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories, Churches, Chapels,
OAUULt uUILtnOt schools, Publlc Smldiugs, Entrance Halls. Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant.

T/tc MUNICIPAL and TUBULAR ones are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will burn without requiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE a SILVEB MEDAL, at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881.

»i)

- rnoNT Elevation —

The longitudiual section give

SECTIONAL PtAM.
tvater space ami V-shaped back.

SIZES AND PRICES

M B 1 3 ft. S in. long by 2 ft. 0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep

MB 2 4 0 ,, by2 0 ,, by2 0 ,,

MBS 50 ,, by2 3 ,, by 2 6 ,,

MB4 6 6 ,, by3 0 ,, by 3 0 ,,

MB5 8 6 ,, by4 0 ,, by 3 9 „ '

TESTIMONIALS

Calculated to
heat 4-in. piping

Price £15

,, 21

,, 32

n 60

85

Messrs. THOS. GREEN and SON, Ltd., NORTH STREET, LEEDS. Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buidiugs, Leeds. January 9, 1886.

Gentlemen, — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency aud satisfactory working of tlie Hot-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.

The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28.000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from IJ in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The several
offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather.

Two of yoxir Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers. No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the .consump-
tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer.

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November 10th, 1886.

Gentlemen.— The large Municipal Boiler whicli you sent me last year is doing its work 8atisfact<5rily; it is heating 5,000 feet of 4-inch, pipe in onp of my vineries, and I am quite sure that
il has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.
Messrs.. THOS. GREEN and SON. Ltd.. LEEDS. Your>t faithfully, (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD.

AND HT;NDE.EDS of other references can be given if REaUIRED.

'THE CAMBRICS OF ROBINSON & CLEAVER HAVE A WORLD-WIDE FA'M,'E.'>^--The Queen, the Ladi/'s Newspa^ier,

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S

CAMBRIC

IRISH

* HANUK

CAMBRIC POCKET

UKEROHIEFS, Hemmed for use. All Pure Flai.
lu/iii— Children's, Is. 2d.; Ladies', 2S. 4Jd.; Qentle-
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s', 43. lid. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

IRISH MADE SHIRTS.-Best quality Lon
* fold all Linen Fronts and Cuffs, 35a. 6d. the half-dozen (

cloth Bodies, with four-

tra). New designs

special Indiana Gauze, Printed Shirtings, and unshrinkable Flannels for
Price Lists, and fuller information, post-free. Old SllirtS made as good as neW,
materials, at a trifling cost.

IRISH LINEN COLLARS AND CUFFS.-

* Collars— Ladies' and Children's three-fold, 33. 6d. per dozen; Gentlemen's
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'^' ■ ' , BS. lid. to 10s. 9d. per dozen.

POCKET

TRISH LINENS. —Real Irish Linen SlieetinR, fully

* bleuctied, 2 yards wide, iB. lid. per yard ; 2^ yards wide, 23. 4id. per yard
(the most durable article made). Roller Towelling, 18 inches wide, Sjd. per yard.
Surplice Linen, 7d. per yard. Dusters. Is. lOJd, per dozen. Glass Cloths,
43. 4d. per dozen. Fine Linens and Linen Diapers. 8^d. per yard. Nursery
DiapL-r, Sjd. per yard. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

TRISH DAMASK

* per dozen. Taljle Cloths, 2
Huckaback Towels, 4s. 4d. per

TABLE LINEN.- Fish Napkins, &.

■ards square, 2S. 9d. each ; 2J yards by 3 yards, 6S. 6d.
ozeii. Monograms, Crests, Coats of Arms, Initials, &c..

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ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.

HANDKERCHIEFS

By Special Appointments to H.M. the Queen and
H.I. and R.H. the Crown Princess of Germany.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Londoi). W.C.
Printed by William Bichabds, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbubt, Agnew it Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of I»ndon, in the Coimty of Middlesex, aud published by the
■aid WIU.UJ1 BICHABD8, St Ulie Office, 41, Wellington StrMt, Pariah of St. Paul's, Oorent Oarden, in the said County.— S^TtntDAT, October 3, 1887. Agent for Manchester— John Hetwood.

Established

No. 42.-VOL. II. {iZ:}

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1887.

CONTENTS.

Adiantum Fergusoni ... 470 Obituary i—

Allotments, Kothamated 460 Heale, Mr. W....

Anthurium Scherzeria- Johnatoa, Mr. G.

num 460 , Onion disease

Antd and their ways ... 466 Orchid houses
Botanical Maga:i7.

Cattleya labiata Wil-

... 460

Christmas Kose, the
Cucumber seed, germ:

tion of 466

Dahlias at Keynes, Wil-
liams & Co. '9 ... 465

,, Cactus and decora-
tive 47.1

'■ Droppers" 47.'>

Forestry 473

Fruit register 467

Fruits under glasa ... 474

Gardeners' grievances ... 474
Gardening appointments 482
Hardy fruit garden, the . 467
Heath man 'a extension

ladder 476

Insects in seeds, to get

Orchids at Backhouse's
t Veitch'3...

rid of

Isle of Man. holiday jot-
tings in the

Law:—
Black & Duggleby v.

Blakey

Hibbertr. Lailey

Liliuni speciosum album

463 ! Oxford, garde:

I Peach growing at \Vc-
466 I burn

I Plant food

465 I Plants and their culture
Keutlingen Pcmological

Scotland

Societies : —
Cryptogamic of Scot-
National Chrysanthe-
Royal Horticultural ...

Thunbergia affinis
Tomat-03 under glass at

Chiswick

Marvel of Peru

Adir

Trees and shrubs

Trees of London

477 United Horticultural Pro-
476 vident aud Benefit So-

borders, making ...

... 474 ; Watcombe Park

Illustrations,

I Fergusoni

"Droppers"

Johnston, the late Mr. G.
Khipsalis sarmentacea . . .
Thunbergia affinis

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBEBS.— All Numbers
of the '^ Gardeners' Chronicle " from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

'-PHE ROYAL HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY

-L of SOUTHAilPTON.

CHRYSAMTHEMUM and FRUIT SHOW, NOVEMBER
1 and 2. ONE HUNDRED and THIRTY POUNDS in PRIZES,
a Silver Medal or Piece of Plate, value £2 2s., will be given, in
addition to the 1st Prize, to the exhibitor of the best stand of
1'2 Blooms in the Show. Entries close October 25.

C. S. FUIDGE, Secretary.
1, Bevois Hill Terrace, Southampton.

TT' I N G S T O N and S U R B I T O N

-IV CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.

The ELEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held in
the Drill HaU. Kingston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November 8 and 9, when, in addition to valuable Money Prizes,
the Champion Challenge Vase, value 25 Guineas, will be
offered. Entries Close November 3. Schedules and further
particulars of

Fife Road. Kingstc

-Thames. T- JACKSON, Hon. Sec.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.
ROYAL AQUARIUM, WESTMINSTER.
GRAND EXHIBmoN— CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUIT, and
VEGETABLES— WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November
9 and 10.

The Floral Committee will meet October 26, November 9, 23,
and December 7. See Schedule, free on application to

Mr. WILLIAM HOLMES,
Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney. E.

ORTSMOUTH CHRYSANTHEMUM,

FRUIT, FLOWER, and VEGETABLE SHOW.

This will be one of the Largest and Best Shows in England.
NOV. 10 and 11, in the New Drill Hall, Alfred Road, Landport.

The principal Prizes are a Silver Cup value JE25, and £M 10s.
in cash for the Class of 36 Cut Blooms, and the Jubilee Prize of
£17 10s. for the Class of 8 Trained Specimen Plauts ; in addition
to which, nearly £150 will be given in other classes. Entries
Close November 1. Schedules free of p, p^iwFT! Hn,> ««.

2B D„Mn StTMt Pnrt««n 1 . POWtB, HOD. iSC.

26, Qu

1 Stre«t, Portsea.

Tbe Jubilee Box of Bulbs.
1 900 B U L B S for 0 N E GUINEA,

^^^\j\/ Full particulars on application to

OAKSHOTT AM) MILLARD, Reading.

A Dutcb Firm Wants Offers of

FLOWER-GARDEN and AGRICULTURAL
SEEDS.— Address, Z. D. '£., care of Nygh & Van Ditmar's
General Advertising Offices, Rotterdam.

EUCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS, GAR-
DENIAS, &c. — Highest Market Prices guaranteed for
good and well-packed Blooms of above.

WISE iND RIDES. Covent Garden, W.C.

SQUELCH AND BARNHAM,
North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN to DIS-
POSE of any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly, or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen, Sidcup. and 286, 286, 287, 288. Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—- COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

WANTED, Choice CUT FLOWERS, in
any quantity. Best Market Growers and Senders
references given. Cash sent same day of Sale. Address

CHARLES KAUFFMAN, 6a, Vinegar Y'ard, Catherine
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, and New Flower Market.

African Tuberoses.

WANTED, Samples, with price for 5000
(cash), to
TURNER BROS., Green Hill Nursery, Allerton, Liverpool.

WANTED, a Specimen CYCAS CIRCI-
NALIS. State price and dimensions to
JOHN LAING AND SONS, The Nurseries, Forest HiU,
London, S.E.

TO ROSE GROWERS.— Nurserymen having
a quantity of old Cut-back Standard ROSES for Sale, may
hear of a Purchaser. Address,
Mr. C. PECK. Fulwell Road, Upper Teddiugton, Middlesex."

WANTED, LYCASTE SKINNERI,
ODONTOGLOSSU.M ALEXANT)R^. and CATTLEYA
FLOWERS, in large quantities. State lowest prices to
FLEISCHAK, Berlin, W., 67, Germany.

ANTED, Gem CALCEOLARIA Cuttings.

Also Clumps of Red and White DAISIES. Quantity
and price to

THOMAS HOWES AND SON, Nurserymen, Highbury
Nurserj', Blackstock Road. Finsbury Park, N.

WANTED, for Street Planting, 25 well
furnished LI.MES. Height 14 to 16 feet, with straight
clean stems 7 to 8 feet, aud not le.-is than 8 inches circumference
at 4 feet from ground. Send offers to
JAMES WILSON. Florist and Seed.man. St. Andrews, N.B.

ANTED, Rooted Layers, named CARNA-
TIONS, PICOTEES, and SHOW PINKS, various
HEPATICAS, Double VIOLETS, in clumps ; Double Crimson
PRIMROSES ; Double, Fancy, and Pompon DAHLIAS •
GLOXINIAS, ACHIMENES, TYD.EAS, and HERBACEOUS
PLANTS in clumps ; named Gold-laced POLYANTHUS,
various FLORIST FLOWERS, Autumn and Summer Fruiting
Yellow RASPBERRY CANES.

Address, Z. Z., Office of this paper, with lowest Cash price
per 100.

WANTED, large quantity of strong 1-yr.
old VINES- Hamburgh, Alicai.te. GrosColmar, Muscat
of Alexandria. State price, condition, and where can be seen.
F. KENT, Market Gardener, Tambley, Notts.

To the Seed Trade.

WANTED, AT ONCE, COUNTERS, and
every description of FITTINUS for Seed Warehouse.—
Prices aud full particulars to

AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTUEAL ASSOCIA-
TION, Creek Boad, Deptford, S.E.

[Regt. as a Newspaper. / P R I C E 3d.
L Post-free, .'Ud.

BUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

^J containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions. Gratis and post-free to
intending purchasers.
SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

ENTIA MOOREI.— We have received a

small consignment of SEED of this rare and elegant
AUSTRALIAN PALM, in splendid condition. Height 6 feet.
Will be sure to be much sought after when more known.

Price, 100 Seeds, 22s. M. ; 500 Seeds, 90s.
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

UCHARIS LILY BULBS (overstocked) to

be Disposed of, at a moderate price, or EXCHANGED for
CATTLEYAS or ODONTOGLOSSUMS. For particulars apply,
GARDENER, Broom Hill, Spratton, Northampton.

UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growees,

Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCIUS (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name. 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

EGONI AS a SPECIALTY.

Awarded Four Gold Medals.

Laing's Double and Single Collection is the largest, finest,
and the most complete iu existence. New Seed just harvested.
Priced LISTS free on application.

JOHN LAINO AND SONS, The Nm-series. Forest Hill.
London, S.E.

ERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—

The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN. Jr., Breslau. Germany.

ILY OF THE VALLEY. — Strong, care-

fully selected Forcing Crowns of the true Berlin sorts,
at 30s per 1000, carriage free to London, payable on delivery,
are offered by

FRITZ LENZ. Schidlitz, near Danzig, Germany.

TEA ROSES for Autumn and Winter Flower-
ing.— Fine healthy Plants, in pots, full of flower-buds,
I2s.. 185., and 24s. per dozen ; extra strong plants, 8 to 10 feet,
of MARECHAL NIEL, GLOIRE DE DUON, CHESHUNT
HYBRID, &c., 3s. 6<(. to 5s.

J. ROBSON. The Bowdon Nurseries. Altrincham.

pOELOGYNE CRISTATA, with Bloom Spikes,

\y well-grown and very cheap.

Trustees of the late J. STEVENSON. Timperley. Cheshire.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediata
disposal — Latania borbonica. Seaforthia elegans,
ChamEerops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from lOs. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford HiU, London. N.

FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY
(atOWNS for Early Forcing, by Qustav A. Sohultz,
Berlin. For price write to

JACOB AND VALENTIN, 56, Cheapside, London, E.C.

pARNATION " MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE."

\J — A sterling novelty. See Large Advertisement in issue
of Sept. 10. 1887. CATALOGUES on application.
JAMES DICKSON & SONS. " Newton" Nurseries, Chester.

GLADIOLUS GANDAVENSIS. — Extra
large Roots, 46*. per 1000. Samples may be had.
Apply to
Mr. P. VAV TIL JZOON. Bulb Grower, HiUegom, Holland.

MALDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per dozen
bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thamea.

To those about to Plant Roses. &c.

EVVING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old v

FOR SALE, a HARE'S-FOOT FEHN, ten
years' growth ; price £i. Also a CACTUS MONSTEOSA,
43 vears' growth ; price £5.

W. HOOPER, Stamford Brook Nursery, Ooldhawk Road,
Haamiersimth, W.

454

THE OAEDENEFS' GHEONICLE.

[OcTOBEH ir>, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Unreserved Sale of fine Seakale for forcing. Cabbage

and CAULIFLOWER PLANTS, COLEWURTS. and
SAVOYS, ou about I.t acres ot Kind, LIVE and DEAD
STOCK, at Dane's Farm, VValham Green, Fulliam, S.W,

MR. MALCOLM SEARLE will SELL by
AUCTION, on TUESDAY, October 18, at II o'clock,
eight full-sized Cart, Van, and Harness Horses ; Harness, Carts,
Vans. ImplemeuLs, Forcing Frames, and Manure ; also the
Lease and Tenant's Interest, with Market Garden crops thereon
of 12J Acres of Arable Laod, at Wandsworth, S.W.

View day prior. Catalogues and particulars at 8 and 9,
Martin's Lane, Cannon Street, E.G.

Bulbs— Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms, 38, KingStreet, CoventGarden.W.C,
every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next. -(Sale No. 7Jii.)
DLTTCH BULBS. EXTRA SALE.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 33, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NE.Vr, October 20, at
half-part 12 o'clock precisely, a consignment of BULBS in
great variety, just received direct from Holland, and specially
Jotted to suit large buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7512.)
VALUABLE ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, October 20, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a
splendid lot of choice ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED
ORCHIDS, the whole in healthy condition, comprising,
amongst many others

Cypripedium Sanderianum
Ajigrfecum Leonii
Aerides Lawrencite

,, Robelenii
La;lia harpopliylla

autumnalis ntrorubens

idrulii

, profusn

Van da Sanderiana

„ Denisoniaoa
Catlleya Warnerii

,. Dowiana

,, Bowringeana
Coelogyne Sanderiana
Trichopilia marginata
Coelogyne, probably new
Epidendrum nemorale
Oncidium Kramerii
Cattleya lobata
, Pilnmna iiobilis, and othe

able

il.igueshad.

Milford Nurseries, near Godalmlng, Surrey.

Three-quarters of a mile from Milford Station, and 1 mile from

New Godalming Station on the direct Portsmouth Lme.

ANNUAL SALES.

IMPORTANT THREE DAYS' SALE of FIRST-CLASS

NURSERY STOCK.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises as above, on TUESDAY,
WEDNESDAY, and THURSDAY, October 25, 26, and 27. 1887,
at 11 for 12 o'clock precisely each day, by order of Mr. Maurice
¥oilng, a portion of the beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK,
^n capita! condition for removal, including —
4.000 B.kIiv T.MIRFTS. 11 to 2i feet.

l'),00ii ^M I .: PRIVET, 3 to 1 feet.

l.OOu l:[ : ! - I' .l:WINII,2to3feet.
■1,000 -Ir \.:.-t.

500 Arc 1 I: \s, I 1,, :'ifeet.
fi.OOO Choice named KHtiDODENDRONS and PONTICUM.
1,000 AZALEAS. ANDROMEDAS, and HARDY HEATHS.
a.OOO SPRUCE FIRS, 1 to 4 feet, suitable for Cliristmas Trees

or for Plantations.
4,000 PINUS AUSTRIACA, IJ to 2J feet.
1,600 ABIES DOUGLASII, 2 to 4 feet.
2,600 CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 3 to 4 feet.
3,n00 RETINOSPORAS in variety, 1^ to 3 feet.
60,000 ASH, 1 to 2 feet.
4,000 Strong ALDER, 4 to 6 feet.
10,000 Strong SYCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet.
10,000 Strong WITHY, 4 to 6 feet.
75,000 Strong (JUICKS.

10,000 .'-vr, S Ilinu- ASPARAGUS.

< SI winlU) and DWARF ROSES.

(iiM,-,i. MiM hl.clDUOUS TREES.
l-l,n\VIKl\.. SHRUBS.

Standard and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, CLIMBING
PLANTS, &c.
May be viewed a week prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be
had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, London. W.C.

The Second Portion of the Lovatt Collection ot

ORCHIDS, Without Reserve.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from Henry Lovatt. Esq., of Low Hill, near Wolverhamp-
ton, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, .38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, without reser>-e, on THI'RS-
DAY, October 27, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the second
portion of this well-known COLLECTION ot ORCHIDS, com-
prising, amongst other fine thi

Cattleya TriaTiir-alb.-i, tr

Den.lrol.i

Lseliii |.i.

Phub.

•ight

LEelia harpophylla
Odontoglossum Roezlii

twenty-six breaks
Cypripedium Stonei,

Br.

Hi. ^r-

Bagshot, Surrey.

THOUSANDS of FRUIT TREES, stjiudards .ind Dwarfs;
HOLLIES, LAURELS, BERBERIS, LIGUSTRUMS. RHO-
DODENDRONS. CUPRESSUS, CEDARS, RETINOS-
PORAS, AZALEAS, and a general assortment of HARDY
SHRUBS and TREES, in great variety; being the con-
tents of an outlying Nursery for absolute clearance.

To which will be added a very large and varied stock of all
the most valn.ible NURSERY TREES and SHRUBS in

T\f R° "j. C. STEVENS has received instruc-

i>X tions from Mr. Charles Noble to SELL by AUCTION on
the Premises, as above, situated half a mile from Sunningdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MOND.AY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

November 7, 8, and 9 ;
MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

November 21, 22, and 23 ;

MONDAY, TUESDAY', and WEDNESDAY.

December 5. 6, and 7 ;

at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day.

Further particulars in future advertisements. Jlay be viewed

one week prior to Sale. Catalogues had on the P

Tupsley and St. Owen's Nurseries, Hereford.

ABSOLUTE SALE of the whole of the above NURSERY

MR. F. H. MERRICK has received instruc-
tions from Mr. Wm. Grove to SELL by AUCTION,
on OCTOBER 24 and 25, 1887, at Tupsley, and OCTOBER
26. 27, and 28, at St. Owen's, 3500 lots of Ornamental CONI-
FER.E. Evergreen, Deciduous, and Flowering SHRUBS,
FRUIT TREES of all descriptions ; upwards ot halt a million
FOREST TREES, including .350,000 Quick, 200,000 Ash, Oak.
Sycamore, Larch, Spruce, Firs, Chestnuts, &c. All specially
prepared to lift. To be sold in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Parties. Sale at 12 o'clock to the minute each day.
Terms Cash.

Catalogues by post or on application to the Auctioneer,
Exchange Chambers, Broad Street, Hereford.

Catalogues.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call attention to their numerous Sales as
announced in the following advertisements.

They will be pleased to add to their permanent lists the
names of gentlemen desirous of receiving a regular supply of
Catalogues.

67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH Rl-LHS. — GREAT UNKl-:si;i;Vl-'.U SALES.

MESSRS. ritOTHEKOE and .MlllU'JS will
SELL bv AUCTION, at their C.nlral Sale Rooms,
67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C, every JIONDAY, THUltS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at hall-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments ot HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS.
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
qualitv, lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

abiums. large pieces, &c.

ling of Sale, and Catalogues had.

'Wimbledon.

Highly important TWO DAYS' SALE of beantifnlly-grown
and thriving NURSERY STOCK, in excellent condition
for removal, by order of Messrs. D. S. Thomson & Sons, a
portion of the land being required to be cleared for build-
ing purposes.

^;fESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
-L SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nurseries,
Wimbledon, S.W., on MONDAY and TUESDAY, October 17
antl-l^, at 12 o'clock precisely, each day. a large quantity of
remarkably well-grown NURSERY STOCK, which has been
carefully prepared for removal, including 2500 Conifers, in
various sizes ; 8000 Laurels, 5000 Green and Variegated Euony-
mus, 5000 Standard, Half-standard, and Dwarf Roses, 4000
Standard Ornamental Trees, 8000 Frait Trees, 5000 Goose-
berries and Currants, and other Stock.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C.

■Wednesday Next.
AZALEAS. PALMS, and other PLANT.S from Belgium, choice
FERNS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, very line English-
grown LILIES, DUTCH BULBS, NARCISSUS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
October 19, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues liad.

Lower Norwood, S.E.— Twelfth Annual Sale of choice

ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, SroN'E and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. H. James to SELL by AUCTION on
the Premises, the Castle Nursery. Lower Norwood, S.E., close
to the Railway Station, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, October 19,
at 12 o'clock precisely, about 200 lots of beautifully-grown
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, clean, healthy plants, including
many valuable species : STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS
in variety ; ROSES in pots, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, CLIMB-
ING PLANTS, Slc.

On view two days prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had
on the Premises, or of the Auctioneer, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C. and Leytonstone, E.

Walbam Green, S.W.— Clearance Sale.
]\;fESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

.LtX are instructed by Mr. Whittle, who is relinquishing the
business, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nur-
sery, at the rear of the Eagle Brewery, William Street, Daw's
Road. Fulham, S.W., on THURSDAY" NEXT, October 20, at
12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the well-grown NURSERY
STOCK, consisting of large quantities of Evergreen and
Deciduous Shrubs, Aucubas, Laurels, 2000 Green and Varie-
gated Enonymus, Climbers, 800 Irish Ivies, Utensils in Trade,
Portable Office, &c.
May be viewed two days prior to the Sale. Catalogues had

Friday Next —In Liquidation.

THIRD and LAST PORTION of the VtiliiaMe and Extensive
Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS of the New
Plant and Bulb Companv to be SOLD WITHOUT the
LEAST RESERVE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT,
October 21, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the THIRD
and LAST PORTION of the extensive collection of
ORCHIDS of the New Plant and Bulb Company, Colchester,
comprising over 100 plants of the new Cattleya Schroderffi
imported oy them last year; also Cattleya Sanderiana and
Mendelii; Epidendrum Stamfordianum Wallacei ; various
Cape Orchids ; cool Odontoglossum ; and a few plants of the
rare Blandfordia flammea aurea.

The Sale will also include a choice assortment ot ESTAB-
LISHED and SEMI-ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, very suit,able
for Gentlemen forming Collections, together with about 200
lots of imported Odontoglossum millariuni, O. Alexandra?,
Cattleya aurea, Oncidium Kramerianum, &c., from Messrs.
Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Enockholt, near Sevenoalcs.
2} miles from Halslead Station. S.E.R.; 5 from Seven-
oaks, and 10 from Bromley.
IMPORTANT SALE ot MAGNIFICENTLY GROWN NUR-
SERY STOCK and FRUIT TREES, the whole having been
transplanted, and now in splendid condition for removal.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. Dale to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Hickmandias Nursery and Fruit
Grounds, Knockholt, Kent, on FRIDAY. October 21, at
12 for half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr.
Dale, a large quantity o£ beautifully grown NURSERY
STOCK, which is in splendid condition for removal, great
care and attention having been taken in frequently
transplanting, including thousands of Conifers and Ever-
greens in various sizes, the larger portion of mature growth,
and suitable for planting for immediate effect; 1000 Rhodo-
dendrons, 1 to 2 feet ; 500 Green Hollies, 2 to 3 feet ; Standard
Ornamental Trees, 10 to 12 feet; 1200 splendidly grown
Fruit Trees, the whole of clean growth and true to name, and
other STOCK, together with two useful Cart Horses.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C,
and Leytonstone. E.

Friday next.— Cool Orchids.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT. October 21,
a splendid lot of Columbian ODONTOGLOTS and ON-
CTDIUMS. including exceedingly large masses of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM PESCATOREI, TRIUMPHANS, HASTILABIUM,
and others.

i)\i view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Riclimond.

TWO DAYS' SALE of remarkably well-grown and healthy
NURSERY STOCK, now in excellent condition. By
order of Messrs. G. & W. Steell.
To Gentlemen. Landscape Gardeners, Nurserymen, Builders,

and others extensively engaged in planting.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Gas Field
and Sheen Common Nurseries, Richmond, within easy reach of
the Richmond Railway StJition, Surrey, on MONDAY and
TUESDAY, October 24 and 25. at 11 for 12 o'Clock precisely
each day a large quantity of unusually well-g^o^^u NURSERY
STOCK, in capital condition for removal, consisting of Thou-
sands of Conifers and Evergreens in various sizes ; large quan-
tities of Ornamental Trees such as Lorn hardy and other Poplars,
Limes, Horse Chestnuts, Deciduous Shrubs, in variety; thou-
sands of Laurels, of sorts, 3 to 7 feet ; variegated and green
Hollies, for which this Nursery is celebrat^-d, comprising Stan-
dard, Golden, and Silver, variegated, 6 to 13 feet; weeping
and green ditto, 6 to 8 feet stems; Rhododendron ponticum.
for potting and large plants, 2 to 5 feet high ; standard hybrid
Rhododendrons with good lieads. Thousands of Fruit Trees,
consisting of large quantities of Plums of the best market
sorts, including Victo.na and Gisbon, Standard Apples, &c.;
very large Iri-ih Ivies, in pots; 100,000 English-grown Nar-
cissus poeticus, &c.

The stock may now be viewed. Catalogues can be obtained
of Messrs. G. & W. Ste.'Il, The Nurseries, Richmond, S.W.,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside,
London. E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

October 25.

FLOWERING ORCHIDS.— SPECIAL SALE.

ATESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

ItX desire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of ORCHIDS in FLOWER will take place as above, for which
they will be glad to receive notice of Entries as early aa
possible.

Isleworth.
ANNUAL SPECIAL TRADE SALE of Thousands of beauti-
fully-grown CONIFERS and GOLDEN EUONYMUS, for
immediate potting, window-boxes, or for growing-on, by
order of Messrs. C Lee & Sons.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
The Wood Lane Nursery, Isleworth. five minutes' walk from
the Railway Station, on WEDNESDAY. October 26, at
12 o'clock precisely, .'JnoO CUPRESSUS LAWSONII ERECTA
\'IRID1S, 1 foot to 3 feet; 5000 various CONIFEROUS
SHRUBS. Tree. Variegated, and Hardwick BOX; 1000
RETINOSPORAS of sorts, AUCUBAS, 3000 of the best
GOLDEN EITONYMUS. lono CLEMATIS JACKMANNI, and
other sorts; SILVER EUONYMUS, .fOOO Dwarf H.P. ROSES,
600 AMI'ELOPSIS VEITCHII, ,300 of the finest trained
PEACHES and NECTARINES, 2000 Standard VICTORIA
PDUMS, and other Stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, or at
the Royal Vineyard Nursery, Hammersmith; and of the
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E,C.,
and Leytonstone, E.

OCTOBKB 15, 1887.]

THE GARDENEB8' Off I? ONI CLE.

455

Brighton.

Sale of Thousan.is of ECONYMUS and other XURSERY
STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instnictetl by Mr. J. Thomas to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises. The Elm Grove Nursery, Elm Grove, Brighton,
on WEDXESDAY, October 26, at 12 o'Clock precisely. 25,000
Green EUONYMrS, varying in height from 1 foot to 5 feet,
and including n large number of very fine bushy plants; also
about 500 ^■ERONICAS, 600 THCIA AUllEA. and other
Stocks.

May be viewed two days prior to the Sale. Catalogues can
be obtainedon the premises; or of the Auctioneers and Vahiors,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

Streatham. S.W.

Seven minutes' -walk from Streatham or Streatham Common
Stations.— Unreserved Sale.

MESSRS. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. J. Reed & Sons to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Mitcham Road,
Streatham, S.W., on THURSDAY, October 27, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, a large quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK,
consisting of a fine assortment of Ornamental Trees, particu-
larly suitable for street and avenue planting varying in height
from 5 feet to 30 feet ; thousands of ovnl-leaved Privet, Laurels,
3erberi9, Aucubas, Cupressus, Euonymus, Arbor-vitfes, large
.Quantities of Fruit Trees, Standard antl Dwarf Roses, Flowering
Shrubs, and Hardy Herbaceous Plants.

May now be viewed. Catalogues can be had on the Pre-

i.andof the Auctic

nd 6S, Cheapside. London, E.C.

Ascot.

ANNUAL SALE of well-grown and thriving CONIFEILE and
E\'T:RGREEN shrubs, and other NURSERY STOCK, by
order of Messrs. J. Standish & Co.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Royal Nur-
firies. Ascot, Berks, 1 mile from the railway station, on
HURSDAY and FRIDAY, October 27 and 23. at 12 o'Clock
precisely each day. several acres of remarkably well-grown
SURSERY STOCK, which has been carefully prepared for re-
moval, consisting of 8500 Conifene and Evergreens, in various
sizes, from 2 to 6 feet, and particularly adapted for effective
planting; 5000 Laurels, of sorts, 1^ to 5 feet ; 1600 Variegated
^d Green Hollies, 1 J to 5 feet ; small Conifers for growing on.
1500 Standard and Dwarf Roses, 2200 Rhododendrons, 1000
bwarf-trained. Standard, and Pyramid FruitTrees, 1000 White
tJurrants, 3500 Larch, 4 to 5 feet ; Standard Ornamental Trees,
also a choice assortment of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, in-
cluding Azaleas, Camellias, Palms, Ferns, Ericas, &c.

The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues can be had on
the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 6y,
Cheapside, E.G., and Leytonstone, E.

Tottenhain, N.

ANNUAL SALE of remarkably well-grown NURSERY STOCK,
■ HERBACEOUS PLANTS, and BULBS, by order of Mr. T.

S. Ware, tor tlie growth of winch he has gained so great a

reputation.

Important to the Trade and Private Buyers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
The Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, X,, adjoining tlie Tot-
tenham Hale Station. Great Eastern Railway, on TUESDAY,
November 1, at U o'clock precisely, in consequence of the
large number of lots, a great quantity of beautifully prown
and thriving NURSERY STOCK, comprising 6000 Dwarf Roses,
of the best sorts ; 5000 bushy oval-leaved Privet, 3 to o^ feet ;
•&000 Standard Ornamental Trees, including Planes, Poplars,
and Limes, with clean stems, and good heads ; 50OO Ornamen-
tal Conifers and Decidiious Shrubs, 10,000 Hardy Climbers, in
pots, all well grown ; 60O0 Border and Other Carnations, in
-pots, amongst which are 2000 Pride of Penshurst; Tree Carna-
-^ons, in variety; 50,000 exceptionally strong Seakale and
Asparagus, for forcing; 2000 Showy Herbaceous Plants, Bulbs,
Standard and Trained Fruit Trees; 5000 Gooseberries, Currants
and Raspberries; 20,000 Crowns and Clumps Lily of the Valley,
gCor forcing; 2000 Lilies, of sorts; Narcissus, 5000 very strong

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
W and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

N.B. — The Stock is in excellent condition and an inspection
is particularly invited.

Caterham, Surrey.
•>rpHEE DAYS' CLEARANCE SALE of the whole of the
VALUABLE NURSERY STOCK. By order of the Execu-
tors of the late Mr. O. J. WooUett.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
favoured with instructions from the Executors to SELL
by AUCTION on the premises, the Several Nurseries, Caterham,
on TUESDAY, November 1, and two following days, the whole
of the VALUABLE NURSERY STOCK. Further particulars
■will appear next week.

Sales of Nursery Stock.

MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce the FOLLOWING SALES, in addi-
tion to those advertised above : —

NOVEMBER 3.— At SEAFORD, SUSSEX. By order of Mr.
R. Lanibe.

NOVEMBER 4.— At the NURSERY, SUNDRIDQE, IDE HILL,
SEVENOAKS. By order of Mr. Cattell. Also the FREE-
HOLD LAND.

NOVEMBER 7 and 8.— At the NURSERY, PENOE. By
order of Mr. E. B. Haynes.

NOVEMBER 10 and 11.- At the AMERICAN NURSERIES,
LEYTONSTON E. By order of the Executors.
Catalogues forwarded on application.

To Landed Proprietors, Intending Planters,

and Others.
Large and Important SALE of GENERAL NITRSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. WINTERTON, BEALE and
WINTERTON are instructed by Mr. Edward Holmes to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, at the Whitlington
Nurseries, near Lichheld, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
October 18 and 19, and following day, if necessary, at half-past
10 o'clock, each day, an immense quantitv of GENERAL
NURSERY STOCK, remarkably well grown; and splendidly
rooted. The whole of the Stock to be offered has been care-
fully cultivated and frequently transplanted, and will bear
removal with perfect safety. The trees, &c., sent from these
Nurseries for many years past have earned the reputation of
'■ always doing well."

FRUIT TREES, true to name, of the best sorts, many in the
bearing state — a complete collection. Some fine Trees of that
magnihcent and highly ornamental new Crab, "John Downie,"
will be included in this section.

FOREST TREES, many thousands, healthy young stuff-
Chestnuts, Elms, Firs, Pines. Poplars, Birch, &c.

EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS— one of the most complete and comprehensive
Collections in England, including new and beautiful varieties
of the common Laurel, Lilacs, Syringas, flowering Thorns, &c.

CONIFERS.— A collection noted' and unique. Many of the
Shrubs in this section have been specially grown for winter
gardening, potting for decoration, &c., and deserve special
attention. GOLDEN YEWS in variety and quantity.

RHODODENDRONS.— Choice named sorts, pouticums, and
other American plants.

CLIMBERS, hardy, in great variety; and a fine selection of
the best HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

May be viewed any day prior to Sale. Catalogues may be
obtained of Mr. EDWARD HOLMES, on the Premises; and of
the Auctioneers, Estate Agents and Valuers, St. Mary's
Chambers, Lichfield.

Upper Tooting Park, S.W.

Five minutes' walk from Balham Station.

To Gentlemen, Gardeners, Nurserymen, Builders, and others.

TITR. ROBT. W. FULLER, MOON and

-^'-*- FULLER will SELL by AUCTION, by order of Mr.
John R. Box, without reserve, to clear surplus stock, on the
Grounds, Upper Tooting Park, S.W.. on MONDAY', October 24,
at a for halt-past U o'Clock, NURSERY STOCK, in excellent
condition for removal, consisting of thousands of Conifers and
Shrubs, including Cupressus, Piuus, Cedars, Retinosporas,
Yews, Thuias, large Aucubas, Laurels, Privet, Hollies, &c. ;
Forest and Ornamental Trees, including Planes, Limes, Birch,
Chestnuts, Mountain Ash, &c.; also great quantities of Ivies,
together with specimen Palms, Tree Ferns, Azaleas, Camellias,
and other Stock.

The Stock may be viewed the week previous to the Sale, and
Catalogues had at Mr. JOHN R. BOX'S Seed Warehouses,
118, North End, Croydon, and Balham Hill, S.W.; on the
Premises, and at the Auctioneers' Offices, 83, High Street
Croydon.

To Florists.

TO BE LET or SOLI), a few miles from
London, a good DWELLING HOUSE with Glass Houses.
For particulars, apply, by letter only, to L. M,, 390, Edcware
Road, London, W.

■i:)ROTnEROE AND MORRIS, Horticul-

X TfRAL MaRKF.T GaRDF.N and ESTATE AUCTIOXKKRS am
Valuers, O; ami OS. Cli.'aiisi.l,-. London, E.C, and at Levtfin
stone, E. Monthly HorticulUirul I'.egister had on application

Azalea FielderU.

HB. MAY has a tine stock of this useful
• AZALEA, clean healthy stuff, well set with bloom.
Price per dozen or hundred on application.

Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

A VALUABLE COVERT and ORNAMENTAL

V SHRUB.

Extract from "Field," ^epi. 17.— "I venture to prophesy
that the new Rjsarugosa will before long become so extensi%'ely
distributed in our woods by natural sowing as to very much
alter the appearance of the undergrowth. It forma a broad,
dense bush, i3 covered by an abundant foliage, quite distinct
from all other Roses, and bears a very heavy crop of large hips,
of a rich scarlet colour, and both hips and seeds are eagerly
devoured by pheasants. Both varieties come true from seed.
We have two beds of seedlings here, raised from our own seed,
sown in the open ground in October, and every seed appears to
have grown. The plant endures our severest winters. Rabbits
cannot approach it, owing to its bristly bark,"
Fine New Seed :— Red-flowered, U.. White, Is. 6rf. per packet.
Liberal terms to the Trade.
J. SIMPSON. Wood Agent, Wortley Hall, Sheffield.

o

FFERS REQUIRED FOR:

100 HORSE CHESTNUT Trees, 7 to 4 feet, well grow
60 White POPLARS, 5 feet, well grown.
20 SYCAMORES, 10 feet,
600 EUONYMUS, for potting or plantini'.
600 PRIVETS,
600 BOX,

250 LAVENDERS, for planting.
W. W. JONES, Lee Cottage, Thorpe Lee, Egham,

TUBEROSES, DOUBLE AFRICAN.— Our
consignments of the above have now arrived, in excellent
condition, and are the finest we have ever had. Sample and
lowest price per 1000 (very moderate)," also price of American
Pearls, will be sent upon application.

We have also toge and very fine stocks of LILIUM CANDI-
DUMand DOUBLE SNOWDROPS. Specially reduced prices
can be quoted cf "these for quantities.

HUKST AMD SON, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.

HUDDERSFIELD CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOW, FRIDAY and SATURDAY, November 11 and 12.
Schedules and Entry Forms may be obtained from the Secretary.
Entries Close, Friday, Nov. 4. jp^^ ^-g^^^^^ g^^^ ^^^^^

IRxMINGHAM and MIDLAND COUNTIES

CHRYSANTHEMUM FRUIT and FLORICULTURAL
SOCIETY. — The TWENTi'-SEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBI-
TION of CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUITS, and FLOWERS,
will be held in the Town Hall, Birmingham, on NOVEMBEh
16 and 17, ONE HUNDRED and EIGHTY-TWO POUNDS in
PRIZES, inolading £02 for Cut Blooms, and £28 for Grapes.
Entries Close November 9. Schedules can be had free on appli-

Nofthwood Villas, Metchley Lane, •'• HUGHES, Sec.

Harborne, Birmingham.

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an ADDITION to the
LIST of PENSIONERS will be made in JANUARY NEXT. All
Persons desirous of becoming Candidates are required to eend
in their Applications to the Committee, on or before the 10th
of NOVEMBER NEXT, after which day they will not be re-
ceived. Preference will be given to those Applicants, or their
Widows, who have been on the Books as Subscribers for fifteen
clear years. Should there not be sufficient of that clas^ of
Applicants, then the cases of those who have not subscribed so
long, or not at all, will be considered.— By Order,

EDWARD R. CUTLER. Secretary.

50, Parliament Street. London, S.W.— October 4. 1887.

P-S. — Printed Form-s of Application, and all information, can
be obtained from the Secretary.

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and STTBSCIIIPTIONS

WILL BK THANKFULLY RECEIVED BY

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,

Chiswick, London, W.

To Landscape Gardeners.
'T'HE RAMSEY TOWN COMMISSIONERS

X offer PRE.MIUMS of FIFTEEN POUNDS and TEN
POUNDS each for the 1st and 2nd best PLANS, for LAY'ING
OUTtheMOORAGH PARK and LAKE. Each Han to be ac-
companied by a guaranteed Estimate for carrying out the work.
A Lithographed Plan, and any information required maj be
had on application to the undersigned, to whom all Plans and
Estimates should be sent in on or before the 1st of November next .
JAJIES BELL. Town Clerk, Ramsev, Isle of Man
Town Commissioners' Office.— October .3. 18s'7.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel

O & Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners maybe had on
application. Sample of plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, M.— W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

Fruit Stocks.

TO OFFER, several thousands oif
MUSSEL, BRUSSELS, and COMMON PLUMS,
strong and good, fit for working,
at 2bs, per 1000.
ARTHUR KNOWLES,
Hassell Nursery, Woking, Surrey.

Dutch Bulbs.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nur-sebymen,
• SEEt>.SMEN and Florists, Haarlem, Holland have
Published their New (Abridged) CATALOGUE for the season
of selected Hyacinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs and Tubers
(No. 1(34), which may be had post-free on prepaid application.

BURVENICH-DE WINNE, Gentbrugge,

• near Ghent, Belgium, offers :— 35,000 well-budded

AZALEA MOLLIS, from 10 — 50 buds ; 20,000 AZALEA

INDICA, of superior growth, and for English use; PALMS

RHODODENDRONS, DRAC.ENAS, and General Belgian Stock.

Ask for PRICE LIST, free on application.

Grandest Violet ever Offered.
1\/IR. J. CHAMBERS, ^\'estlake Nurseries,

-i-*i Isleworth, London, W., is now sending out his New
Double VIOLET " VICTORIA." Strong Plants, full of tlower-
buda, at Is. Gd. each, or 18s. per dozen, free by post. All orders
to be accompanied with remittance. Trade price on application.
First-classCertiticate Royal Horticultural Society, April 12, 1887.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others

intending planting Shrubs and Trees, ficc, this Autumn.

ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call
attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of wliicb he holds a large collection, such as PLANES,
LIMES, ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMirs, AUCUBAS. and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £5 and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.
The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W,

450

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[October 15, 1887.

TT'ERNS — FERNS —

X' FERNS.

OSMUNDA REGALIS, £2 per 100, very strong, 10 to 15 cm.

. iamoter ; ditto, £1 10 per 100, stronR, 8 to 10 cm.

dinmeler; ditto. £1 per 100, smaller, 5 to 8 cm. diameter.
BLECHNUM SPICANT. strong plants, J81 10s. per 100.

.. smaller plants, £1 per 100.
NV.MPH,1:A alba, heavy stocks, JBJ per 100.

., smaller, £1 IDs. per 100. [AQUILINA. &c.

ERICA TETKALIX, POLYPODIUM VULGAKE, PTERIS

KEPKHOVEN iXD VAN DISSEL. Lochem. Holland.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
12 inches high, 4j. per do^en, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Cftr.-iHge free.

L tiiiia Oorlcnica, Seaforthia elegans. Phoenix reclinata,
and Coryp'ia auttralis, 20 to 24 inches high. Is. Gd. each,
lis. p.^r (Inzer.

SeaforthiH t-legans, Latania borbonica, Phtenix reclinata,
Enterpe ednli=, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 'As. to f)S. each.

Fin.' feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s.
per pair.

HARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

LORD'S CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.—
Iliglie^t awards wherever exhibite<l. rmloubtedly the
soundest stock extant. My Selection, 6s. per dozen. Also
liberal Collections at 10s., 1.5s., 20s., and 30s. Carriage paid
for cash.

NEW PICOTEE " MRS. SHARP."— The finest heavy scarlet
edge ever offered. Catalogue post-free.

ROBERT LORD, Hole Bottom, Todmorden.

O T I C jT.

.=.,000 VICTORIA PLUMS. 3 and 4-yr.. fine stuff.
5,000 GAGES and other varieties, 3 and 4-yr., tiue.
2,000 trained PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRICOTS.
The^e are splenAd Trees. Will be sold cheap, to clear
gr juud, for cfl^h. Sumples and prices on applicatic"

ELSDON AXD CO., The Vii

, Milton, Cambs.

/CARNATION, " PAUL ENGLEHEART."—

\J New CrimsoD Clove, perfectly hardy, free flowering,
tine rich colour, remarkably fragrant,

REQUIRES So STICKS.
See Gardeners' Chronicle. Oct. 1, 1887. p. 409. Gilbert David-
son, having acquired from the Rev. G. H.Engleheart the entire
stock of this tiue and useful border Carnation, is prepared to
Book Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
requested. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict
rotation, at 2s. 6d. each, 24s. per dozen.

GILBERT DA\'I1IS0N, Wernoleu. Ammanford, R.S.O.,
Carmarthenshire. S. W.iles.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EV E K GREEN HEDGES.

The tliree be..t Slirub- for forming Hedges :—
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet. 6s. per dozen, 30s. per 100.
YEWS. English, 2 to 2} feet, 8s. per dozen. 60s. per 100 ; 2J to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per
dozen, 130s. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, 11 to 2 feet, 6s. per dozen, 30s. per 100 ; 2 to
2J feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2^ to 3 feet, 12s. per
dozen, 76s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
re;eiitly transplanted, therefore will remove safelv.

JOHN PERKINS A.\D SON, Billing Road Nurseries,
Northimpton.

Telegraphic Addre*.-" QUICK," NORTHAMPTON.

To the Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SIIARPE have tine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitnble for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

OA ri(U\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OU^V/UV finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure %vhite to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from I2s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into &|-in'h pots, 2s, (ii,
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

INTER-FLOWERING HEATHS, HYE-

MALIS and Others. Good Plants, showing well for
flower— cauuot be surpassed— in 5 and 6-inch pots, 15s. to 24s.
per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH and CO.. Royal Nurseries. Ascot.

FeacheB and Nectarines.

FOR SALE, extra large Plants in pots, in good
fruiting condition.
PEACHES, sorts.— Alexander, Noblesse, Royal George.
NECTARINES, sorts.— Humboldt, Lord Napier, Dryden.
For price and further particulars, apply to
IRELAND AND THOMSON. 81. Princes Street. Edinburgh.

H

AKDY ALPINE and HERBACEOUS

PLANTS.— Seud for a CATALOGUE,
T. SMITH, Daisy Hill Nursery. Newry.

Tree Carnations.

HB. MAY offers a splendid stock of strong
• healthy Plants, showing or coming into bloom ; all the
leading and most useful sorts, including Miss .Toliffe, Lucifer,
Pride of Penshurst, Andalusia, Mdlle. Carle, Empress of Ger-
many, and many others. Terms on application.

Dyson's Laue Nursery, Upper Edmonton.
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTERIS, LONDON."

Special Notice to the Trade.

GEO. COOPER, Seed Merchant, Bedford,
having been appointed by Messrs. Peter Henderson Sc Co.,
Seed Merchants, New York, their SELLING AGENT for Great
Britain and Ireland, he will be glad to receive Orders for them,
and will gi,ve them his best and prompt attention-. ■
Special offers forwarded on application.

Roses, Fruit Trees, &c.

CHARLES TURNER'S Autumn
CATALOGUE is now ready, and may be hail free on
application. It contains full colkM:tions of Itoses. Fruit Trees,
Coniferw, and all kind., of Hardy Trees and Shrubs.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

15,000 TEA ROSES,

IN ALL THE LEADING VARIETIES,

Fine plants, in ^ and 6-inch pots, I2s., 155., and ISs. per dozen,

according to size.

The Company believe their Tea Roses to be unsurpassed by

auv in the country. LIST, with full particulars, post-free on

application. p^j,.^ ,^ the Trade on application.

THE LIVEBPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN). LtMlTKl..

THE VINKYARD and NUKSEUIES, GAKSTON,
NEAR LIVERPOOL.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containmg " Hints on Fern

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive "List of New, Rare, and

Choice Ferns," and ** Hasdy North Americam Ferks,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

PLANTING SEftSON

' UNEQUALLED FOR
"QUJLLITY"

"VARIETY"
* "EXTENT^'

PRICED CATALOGUES & ALL
PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION.

"James Dickson & Sons-

"NEWTON" Nurseries,

Chestex*.

ECONOMY in the GARDEN !

CHEAP good BULBS.
sen-p for

THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S
CATALOGUE,

Graf Is and Post-free. .')00 Illustrations.

BIDDLES & COMPANY,

LOUGHBOROUGH,

LEICESTERSHIRE.

TO THE TRADE.

50,000
20,000
10.000
10,000
8.000
4,000
10,000

NARCISSI, DOUBLE WHITE,
„ PHEASANT EYE,
,, HOOP PETTICOAT, GOLDEN,
,, ,. CITRON (N. bulbocodium citriuus),
,, PALLIDUS PRECOX (pale^ulphur).earUestof all,
„ MOSCHATUS. pure white. Pyrennean Daffodil,
,, Double Roman, and many other choice varieties.
CROWN IMPERIAL, Red and Yellow,
CHIONODOXA LUCILLfi, line home grown,
„ collected,
SARDENSIS,
WINTER ACONITES,
IXIA CRATEROIDES (fine crimson),
SNOWDROPS, Double and Single,
,, Crimean Giant (G. plicatus),
,, Elwes's Giant,
^'ALLOTA PURPUREA (in full bloom),
CROCUS, Yellow. 2nd and 3rd size.
HYACINTHS, miied, bedding, fine sample.

Very low offers on application.
Wholesale Bulb CATALOGUE Free by Post.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants.

EXETER STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C,

Adiantum Farleyenae.

rOR SALE, eight large healthy well-grown

Plants, in 14 and Iti-inch pots. Price. &c..on application to
R. WILSON, Mitchelstown Castle Gardens. Co. Cork.

"I \\VARF ROSES, extra strong plants, best

-L' kinds, 30.!. per 100. Pyramid DAMSONS and PLUMS,
fine, 40s. per 100. Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, many in bud,
40». per IIH).— W. .lACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

ORCHIDS.

A N I M M E N S E STOC K.

ALL IN FINE CONDITION.
INSPECTION INVITED.

New ( 'atalogue free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

ISAAC DAVIES & SON'S

PRICED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
of General Nursery Stock, post-free to all applicants.
They offer the largest coUectiou in the world of

pHOICE HYBRID RHODODENDRONS

\J and AZALEAS, containing a great number of their own
raising (the result of fifty years' careful hybridising of numerous
specie>), and also a good stock of the best kinds of other
raisers. The

CWEET-SCENTED RHODODENDRONS

O are this season in fine condition, and well set with buds.
They hold also 30,000

AZALEA MOLLIS SEEDLINGS,

xV raided from the best varieties, each colour kept separate;
and can supply fine bushy plants, 10 to 25 buds, 8s. to 9s. yvr
dozen; 50s. to tiOs. per 100.

ORMSKIRK, near LIVERPOOL.
NEW FLOWERING and FRUITING COVERT PLANT,

ROSA RUGOSA.

ONE of the linest Hardy and Ornamental
Berried Shrubs, recently introducefl from Japan. Valuable
Covert Plant in Game Preserves and Woods. Forms a deii-ie
bush between 4 and 5 feet high, clothed with luxuriant foliage,
and produced annually an abundant crop of large hips and
perfect seeds, which are greedily devoured by pheasants and
other birds. Kobbits cannot touch it, owing to its bristly bark.
For particulars and price apply to

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,

CARLISLE.

THE DOUGLAS FIR,
"ABIES DOUGLASIL"

Several hundreds of thousands now ready to
plant out of this valuable ^- most profitable
Timber Tree.

See Leading Article in Gardeners' Chronicle
of October 8.

Special Prices on application.

"James Dickson & Sons"

108 KASTGATE ST.
'NEWTON' NURSERIES

ICHESTEIi,

ISUTTONS BULBS

I Genuine ONLY DIRECT FROM REHDINC.

For full Particulars see SUTTON'S
BULB CATALOGUE. Gratis and
Post Free to intending purchasers.

OCTOBEB 16, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

457

AUTUMN PLANTING.

THE past dry spring and summer encourages
Autumn Plauting. and we invite iuapectiou of our im-
mense stock of Hardy FOREST TREES for Profit, Ornnment,
Shelter and Game, at moderate prices. Particulars on ap-
plication.

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Wood Fore>ters for Crown Lands, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to
H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

CARLISLE,

BROAD-LEAVED IRI'S'ET, 1^ to 2\ feet,
.5s. ; ^ to 3} feet, 8s. ; .1J to 4J teet. 10s. per 100.
AEBOR^VIT.E, Lobb's benutiful, 3J to 4 feet, very bushy, l.is.
per dozen, 100s. per 100.

Carriage paid for cash with order.
WILL T.WLER, Osboru Nursery, Hampton. Mid.llesex.

GENUINE — RELIABLE.

JARMANS BULBS.

Collection Xo. ','>, Umi) Choice Se!ectt'd Flowering

Bulb.s, in best varieties, '2\s. delivered free.
LxTge Illustrated Catalogue sant free on application.

^HE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

BARR'S SELECTED KULRS
hive gained many Jledals and Prizes ! Prices moderate I
Quality unsurpassed 1 Full descriptive Catalogue free on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil C.VTALOGUE free on application to
BARR ASD SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

RASPBERRY CANES, selected Fastolf, ;50.?. ;
SI rong Carter's. 40s. per 1000.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS, Sir Joseph Paiton, 12s. per 1000.
Terms cash.
R. BATH, Osborne Farm, Wisbeoch.

To the Trade only.

C.IPE BULBS.— The Botanic Gardens, Cape
Town, are Booking Orders for delivery in February, ]**8fl.
FREESIA and DISA a specialty.

A. F. BAXTER, 'Sales Department,

To the Trade.

JOHN MOOY begs to inform his Friends
that lie has arriveti in London, as usual, with a InrRe
stock of UUTCK FLOWER ROOTS. All Orders shall receive
his careful and prompt attention. Please address

JOHN MOOY. 11, White Hart Street. Catherine Str*^et.
Strand, W.C. Private address, 7, CathcrineStreet, Strand. W.C.

BMALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusuallv well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hveranlis and other varietie.«), EPACRtS. SOLA-
NUMS. GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS, BOUVARDIAS, AlHAN-
TUM CUNEATUM and other FERNS, GARDENIAS. STE-
PHANOTIS. FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS.
VINES in pots, &c. An inspection is invited. Trade CATA-
LOGUES forwarded on application.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries Le?, S.E.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Boots, &c.

you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable p-ices and of good quality try William Clibran &. S
b'tter position "than any limi in the king lom to secure to tlieir customers the-*e df^sirable condi
diss are comniou. and not %vortli notice without projf ; to prove it in the beat way. a few fact
bu-iness may be named.

i ield Nurseries were comnr need about IB years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over
covered with Gla.ss and Bi.ildings. Wnses ]wiid fir>t year, about £iiSO. to four men and a boy,
to over 100 hands regularly employed. Kent then. £'16; now, near £i03. Acreage at start, 6j ; n

probibly
ns. Statements uf
s to the progress uf

icresof ground are
w are £oJ00 per an
. 85, and still increa

idiiigc

lU.M.i.-

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELB NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, liOWDON ; and 10 and V2, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,
have the pleasure to offer General Stock am under : —

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.
FOR TABLE DECORATION'.- Well-srown. graceful plants,
full of foliage, in 5 inch pots, in nil the best kinds for
standing, 9s. p'r dozen; pretty little plants for filliiig
Fancy Pots. 4s. per dozen; the same in a great variety of
fancy pots, 9j. to 12s. per dozen. Very ornamental and

FEE\S, IN VARIETY, for Conservatories and planting out in
Ferneries, &c., 4^., 6s., and 9s. per dozen.

Table Decorations.

r VL.M3. FICUS EI.ASTICA, ASPIDISTRAS, all grand plants
for stunting the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured ; good
plants, tit for imm-'diate effect, 18s., 24s., and 30s. per

The

Winter Flowers for Indoors.

E'JPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA, bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Spravs, &c., 6s'. and 9*. per dozen.
POINSETrtA PULCHERRI-VIA, scarlet heads, 6 to 9 inches

over, 9.'. and 12s. per dozen.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERARIAS, 6s.

BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12-^. per dozen; small, 4s. per dozen.
PRErTY CYCLAMEN, 9s., 12s., and 18.!. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Clumps of SPIR.EA JAPONICA, S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, Os. per dozen,
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing, 6s. per 100 ; clumps. 12s. and 1.5s. per dozen.
EARLY-FLOWERING RHODODENDRONS, white and blush,

covered with buds, 30s. and ;j6s. per dozen.
CHRYSANTHEMU.MS. fine large plants, 12s. and Us. per

dozen.
GERANIUMS, specially preparedfor winter-blooming, 12s. and

la*. per dozen.
Ssedling CINERARIAS. PRIMULAS, and CALCEOL.A.RIAS,

the iinest strains. Is. 6;^. per dozen.
CALLA .ETHIOPICA, strong, 12s. and 18s. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud, 12s.. 18s., and 24s. per

dozen.
A. PONTICA, 9s, and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS, 18s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a mass of buds, 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
Beautiful CAMELLIAS, 30s., 36s., and 42s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYTISUS, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, the finest variety of all for large white

flowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and 30s. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS, SWEET WIL-
LIAMS. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSrrlFLORA, lovely PRI.MROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen, 50 for 3s., 100 for 5s.. or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ARABIS, AUBBIETIAS, DACTYLIS, white or yellow; POL\"-
ANTHUS, PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNARIA
TOMENTOSA, ALl'SSU.M, Is. M. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

DAISIES, red, wliite, or ro.e. Is. per dozen, .ts. per lnO.
40s. per 1000.

VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSEES, separate colours. Is, per
dozen, 6s. per 100.

PYRETHRUMS, strong clumps, 4s. per dozen.

POTENTILLAS, 6s. per dozen.

DELPHINIUJIS, 6s. per dozen.

PINKS, PANSIES, show or fancy, PHLOXES, 3j. id. per dozen.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6!. per dozen.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the best
kinds, 3s. per dozen. 21s. per 100.

Roses— Roses-KoseB.

DWARFS, from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid

Perpetuals, 6s. per dozen. oO for 21s., 100 for 40s.
TE.A. SCENTEp, in pots, the best kinds. 15s. and 18s. per dozen.
STANDARDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees -Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees.

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety, Standards and Pyramids, 6!., 9s.,
and 12s. per dozen ; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s., 18s.,
and 24s. per cozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen ; Trained,

18s., 24s., and 30s. per dozen.
PLU3IS, Pyramids, 9s., 12s.. and 18s. per dozen ; Trained, 24s.

and 30s. per dozen.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, all classes, 2s., 3s., ai d 4s.

RASPBERRIES, FILLBASKET, Is. per dozen. 6s. per lOO.
RHUBARB, best sorts, 4s., 6s., and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Wiudow-boies,

pots, &c., in beautiful little plants, 6s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES' SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens, &c., in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, 3s. 6'^.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s, per dozen, 35s. per 100.

These plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS, lovely kinds, 3s. per dozen, 15s. and 20s.

per 100.
PLANTS for Hedges, Oval-leaved PRH'ET, from 2 to 4 teet,

5s. to 15!. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from 15s. to 30s. per

1000 ; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100 ; HOLLIES.

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

CATALOGUES FREE.

VnS.. CLIBRAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and IS, Market Street, Manchester,

GARDENIA PLANTS.— Very busby, gooa
colour, showing flower-bud, and absolutely clean, ia
5 and 6-inch pots, 21.?. to aOs. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH and CO.. Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

4d. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons).
40s.: 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6<f. per sack; 5 sacks,
25s. ; each" '-' -- "-
ICK FIBl
4(f. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per h If
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bnshel b.ags, id. each.

Y'ELLOW FIBROUS LOAJI, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street. Drury
Lane (lately called 17i, Coal Yard), W.C.

EPPS'S SELECTED REAT

Orchid PEAT ^rEC'i.vL

DP A -T- FOR .4Z,VLE.i.S. HK.ITHS. O C" A T
rtM I FEKNS, RHODODENDRONS, rt/\ I
For gener.tl purposes. Loam. Sand, L.iii-M..ii;il. .'^[iliiignini,
Cocoa-Nut Fibre, Charcoal, and all kind- uf Nu -.rv stock, at
the old-establijhed Horticultural Sundri.- IiKp.n ;iud Nnrserie.,
Bingwood, Hants. For I'licc Li-t apply EPPS & lO.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT.— Excellent f.ir Ileilli-
6.!6i. p;-- sac's. Uliolole

; selected Fern fibre!
p;r ton ; njt less

LO.V.M.— Gjod tibrou., l:!s. per tjii, Is.9(/. per sack.

LE VF .MO'JLD.— Beech an 1 0.ik, we'.l decayed. 2s. per sack.

SILVER S.VND.- Finest crystal course, and flie si arp, 8s. 6i.

and 3s. per ton.
SPHAGNU-M MOSS.— Fre.sh,6.-.6o!. per .sack.
GRAVEL.— Fine red binding, for top sprinkliig ) aths,

8.!. 6rf. per tun.
The above prices are the lo'
will be in force three months

offered to growers, and

6ATERELL & SON, Peat Mercliants, Rlnirwood.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS. FEKNS. P.HODODENDRONS.

and utiier choit

The Best In the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London. E.C.. continue to receive the highest <l te>ti-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. isby far the be->t they
have ever used. Sumples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

., , .._ . ^ jjjj Authorised Agents repre-

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.
Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks for 23s. 6d.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid bs.Qd. ., 5 sacks for 255.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... ")

PREPARED COMPOST, best fU. per bush., 3^. per Back.

LEAF MOULD, best only I (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD, „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse, Is. 6rf. per buah., 145. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... 8rf: lb., 28 lb. 18s.
TOBACCO PAPER .. (Specialite) 8rf. lb.. 28 lb. 18s.
MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 5s. per bushel.
CHUBB"S"PERFECT"FER-"J In bags.

TELISER, the Best Food for f * -.

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, TTins. 71b. 14lb. 281b. 561b. Icwt.

Fruits. Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 23/-
CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-
VIRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-
HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6d. per bushel.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process).

sacks, Is each; 10 sacks. 9s.; 15 sacks, 13s.; 20 sacks, 17s.;

30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks. 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,

in sacks only. 2s. each. Terms, strictly Caah with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MIIWALL. LONDON. E

TREPHO forORCHIDS.

For Potting, Rafts, Blocks, &c. To be obtained only from
BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R,B,S., F.R.H.8.,

OAIALOGUE ol ill HOBIICFlTUEiL REQUISITES pust-fr!
POTTERY of all desAiptious.

458

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBEE 15, 1887.

HARTLAND'S

LiniE BOOK OF DAFFODILS,

OXLIPS AND PRIMROSES.

B-'-iutifulIy Illustrated by Gertruhk Hartland, ami unique
as a work of art. The descriptions are very accurate, and the
life-sized drawings are admirable subjects to fill in with color,
either dow or in the Spring when the flowers are at perfection,
W. B. H. is having a few copies worked In colour which can be
had at bs. 6rf. each copy.

"THE BOOK." Post-free, Is. 6rf.

A Duplicate Copy without illustrations, and a General Bulb
List fn-e to all applicants. These are known as " No. < >ne "
and " No. Two " Lists.

Before you order for the season, you should certainly see the
Book of Daffodils.

Unsolicited Testimony as to tlie merit of
Edition for 1887 :-

"My thanks for vour Littl.- Hook for 1837- It is a nice con-
tribution to the history of Cultivated Daffodils, and. aaynu 'uiy.
will be interesting some day."— /". W. BLUB IDG E, Trinity
College Gardens, OttbUn.

"Mrs. General Saunders presents her compliments to Mr.
Hartland, and thanks him for sending her such splendid Daffo-
dil Bulbs. She is delighted with his Little Book, and considers
the drawings most excellent, both as works of art and for their
being good likenesses of the flowers they are meant to pour-
tray. Pray accept my congratulations to Gertrude Hartland."
— Ardmore, Torquay.

" Sir, — Thank you very much for the charming Daffodil Book
you have sent me. The illustrations are admirable subjects to
■ from the descriptions."— jWrs. PALMES, Aabimi Hall,

1 credit to the profes

York.

•' Your New Li-^t of Daffodils
WALTER T. WAliE, Bath.

" Tlmnks very much for the Lyttle Booke. The engravings
are admirable, and most useful." — i?ey. j4. BAWSON,
Windermere.

" Thank vou very much for sending me a copv of your New
Book of Daffodils. It is well got up. and the illustrations are
very good. Surely the public mu<.t go in for Daffodils after
this."—/. DA VIDSON, Esq., Chelsea.

" I am much pleased with your new Book of Daffodils, which
is certainly a great credit to you and your niece. It is un-
doubtedly the best list published by any Firm. The cuts are
admirable, and so correctly done." — C. J. GRAHAME, Esq.,
Croydon.

"Many thanks for LitHe Book. Miss Hartland's illustra-
tions are exquisite."— F. W. GILES, Folkestone.

" Your really splendid Book of Daffodils to hand. It is the
best thing of the kind I have yet seen.:'— JOHN MAXWELL,
Esq., Maxwelltown, Lhtmferline.

"Of your Original Little Book of Daffodils I cannot speak
too highly. The drawings reflect most highly on the arti>>t I
can truly say I have never seen Daffodils so faithfullj so care-
fully executed, or so true to Nature. I like them for this that
I so well can recognise ray friends. Your niece hts e\ idently
got not only an artist's eve. but also an artist's hind, which 13
true to Nature."— 0C7M"r/f'.? CORDER. Norwich

" I am very pleased with the ' Little Book ' this veir The
drawings by Gsrtrude Hartland are a valuable addition they
are so very artistic and life-like, and give a much better idc-i of
the beauty of the flower than is to be got from anv of the
usual catalogues, or even from Gardening papers — W W
MUNN, Esq,, Manchester.

" Your Little Book is excellent. The illustrations admirible
notably Bicolor grandis and Bishop Mann."— iiev GEORGE
H. ENGLEHEART, Andover.

"Your Book of Daffodils is most useful, and reflects the
highest credit on your niece."— /ecr. C. W. DOD. Creue

"lam much obliged for your Book of Daffodils whuhlap-
precinte verv hitrhlv as a literary and artistic production —
SAMUEL W. KIRKE, Esq.. The Firs, Waltham

W. BAYLOR HARTLAND offers the above Testimonials as
received from such very high quarters, particularly from such
good judges and lovers of Daffodils. Bulbs were never finer in
quality, aud Orders should be sent in at once.

WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

01a ]':stal.Iishr(l Sercl Warehouse,
24, PATRICK STREET, CORK.

Trial Grounds, Temple Hill, Cork.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

B U L B S^

Illustrated Triced CATALOGUE of Hya-
cinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs, containing the
best of everything and low in price, may be
had Post-free on application to

WM. PAUL & SON,

PAI'T/S NITKSERIES.

WALTHAM CROSS.

BULBS.

^'ery long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
•WORCESTER.

JERSEYf^UIT TREES.

" ^ ' » '-' *— ' C.irriage Paid. Cordons a spicialite.
V\nl.- fi,r Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORNU
ANP yOiN', Hi;.'}i View Nurseripa, who will send, carriage
paid for ,ash w.«h order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 21a.
Early orders 9e<*nre eitra strong plants.

T A\TONt> "NOBLE ' &TR\-\\ BERRY —

-Li The only Fruit ichich received a First class ( ertificnte
from the Koyal Horticultural Society m the year ending June
1»«7. and the only Fruit Certificated at the Society's great
Liverpool .''how July, 1886. This wonderfully large, handsome,
and prolific early Strawberry, of first quality, made the highest
wholesale price in Covent Garden Market during the past three
seasons Mr J Muir ifter trying and forcing it, says, " In
my opinion the most extraordinary and valuable Strawberry in
cultivation ' Particulars of this and " Laxton's Jubilee," a
fine new late variety , see previous issues of this Paper— also
free on ayiila iti m Coloured plate of " Noble," Gd.. from
THiiV\s I WTON Sml aud Novelty Grower, Bedford.

U T B USlr S U I L L^-

_ TRACK MUSHKOOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price. Gs. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or Gd. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, withoursignatureattached.

WM. OUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Highgate Nurseries. K.

c

ailsfe

WINTER BLOOIVIING
CARNATIONS,

AZALEAS, ERICAS, BOUVARDIAS,

CAMELLIAS,

Chn/.mnthemums, ^- Primulas, ^-c,

A.Mi OTHKR PLANTS FOR FOBCIKG.

From 18a. per doz.

UXEQVALLED QUALITr.

mIfTTRMs

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

J nHEAL&QONS

%^»M Crawley, U .Sussex,

CATALOGUES.

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEREFORD

{EdaUkhed 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,

FOREST TREES,

RHODODENDRONS,

CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TI;1:ES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers will be made fur Large Contracts.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

of i

sy to fur,

FEUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,

BOUVARiiiAs. cvi;lv.mi:.\s. ki:u a.s. ep.ickis. prlmu-

L.\S, ,SC)LA\U.\I.S, TREE CAH.NATfoXS, and other

IFIXTEIl and SPSIXG BLOOMING PLANTS,

Of fine quality and immense numbers.

Inspection I.wited.

The Glass Structures cover an area of 27-1.600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

DUTCH AND CAPE BULBS

IHHECT Eltll.M THE c;il()WE:ii.'i,

ANT. ROOZEN & SON.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

OF CHOICE HARDY FLOWER ROOTS

For Indoor and Spring Gardening, again enlarged, now

contain ai uniler —

Collection " F," for Sprint Gardening,
Containing 1000 Bulbs.

36 Hy.acinths. distinct colours
50 Tulips, single, early.
60 Tulips, double.
24 Tulips, single, late.
20 Narcissus, Polyanthus.
30 Narcissus, incomparabilis
24 Narcissus, Poeticus.
50 Anemones, double.
24 Anemones, single.
400 Crocus, in 4 distinct colour

Collection " C," for Indoor, containing
281 Cboice Bulbs for 60-Pots and Glasses.

Half of either of the above for lis.

The above Packages may be hatl from our Agents, Messrs.
MEKTENS AND CO., 3, Cross Lane. St. .Mary-at-Hill, London,
E.C., on receipt of Cheque or Post-oHicc Order.

For particulars of our other Collections of Bulbs for INDOOR
and SPRING GARDENING, see our complete and revised
CATALOGUE for 1887, which will be sent, post-free, on appli-
cation to our Agents, or oursehes direct.

ANT. KOOZEN & SON, Nurserymen,

OVERVEEN. near HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

DUTCH AND OTHER

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualities, at moderate prices.

Large Collections of all the very best varieties of Hyacinths,
Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissi, Lilies. Snowdrops. &c.

Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application.

C^C?t<££<li) /£> IL „ .n />, MM

50 Spanish Iris.
24 Triteleia uniflora.
24 Gladiolus,
4 Lilium umbellatum.
24 Scilla sibirica priecox.
16 Eraiitlu.s Hyenialis (Whiter
Aconite).

October 15, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

459

CARTERS'

CHOICE NAMED

HYACINTHS,

THE BEST FOR EXHIBITION
AND GENERAX EFFECT.

6 coice HYACINTHS mce 4^- 6'^-

The Best for Pots or Glasses.

12 Choice HYACINTHS Pnce
The Best for Glasses.

8^. O'^-

12 Choice HYACINTHS pnce
The Best for Pots.
Cheaper Sorts, 6s. and 7s. 6d. pe

8^. 0'^-

■ doz.

50 Choice HYAGINTHS price
In 25 sorts.

30^-

50 Choice HYACINTHS pnce

In 50 sorts.

35^-

100 Choice HYACINTHS rnce
In 50 sorts.

50^.

100 Choice HYAGINTHS pnce

In 100 sorts.

65^-

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Seedsmen by Royal Commands to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST EOSES,

The BEST C.IMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS. TULIPS. &c.,

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHKUBS,

The BEST TAKK and ROADSIDE TREES.

The BEST FRUIT TREES and GKAPE VINES.

The BEST SEEDS, &c.,

May be f

nd Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAULS NURSERIES, '

WALTHAM CROSS

(near " Waltham Cross " Station, Great Eastern Railway, half
an hour from London). Prices as low as possible. Inspection
incited. Priced CATALOGUES Free.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, is. per 100. Plants in small pots, 16,?. per 100;
ditto in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHaRD smith iND CO., Nurser>Tnen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.

&VERY SUPERIOR STOCK

•'EMBRACItIC .\C r* t

FREE BY POST OR .BAIL

PRICE CATALOCli E POST FREE

JAMESDICKSOH&SOM!

'NEWTON'^ NURSERIES\r|irrTrn
l08EASTCATES!'BiM

Kent, the Garden of England.

GEO.BUNYARD&CO.

The Old Nurseries,

MAIDSTONE, KENT,

Beg to call attention to their Superb Stock of

400,000

FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES,

which embraces
800 Kinds True to Name,

remarkable for culture and extent.

An Inspection is Solicited. There are fre-
quent trains by South-Eastern and Chatham and
Dover Railways from London ; and Banning
Station, on the latter, is in the great Fruit Tree
Nursery.

The NEW CATALOGUE— which
is fully Illustrated and Descriptive —
free for 6 stamps; Gratis to Purchasers.

The Trees are trained in all forms
suitable for tlie Market Grower, or
for Garden Cultiu-e, and there are
thousands of Fruiting Trees in stock.
Cordons, &c.

There are also 40 Acres of

FOREST TREES, CONIFERS, EVERGREENS,
AND FLOWERING STUFF;

and intending Planters would find
this department well worth their
attention, as the stuff is remarkable
for fibrous roots. Catalogues gratis.

ROSES are well grown,

and both Teas and H.P.'s are fuUy
ripened and well-rooted. New List free.

Liberal Terms for Carriage, Package, and
Discount. Distance no object.

Established 1796.

GEORGE BUNYARD & GO.,

MAIDSTONE. KENT.

Now ready, In clotli, lis. 6d.
rpKE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J. Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to .TUNE. 1887.

W. KICHAEDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

NEW EDITION,

Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-Jree S^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, M'ellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1887.

GAEDENS OF OXFORD.

^I^IIE College gardens in their present form
-*- are not contemporary with the buildings.
The older parts of T\'orcester College, founded
as it was in 1283, must have been anterior to
any ornamental gardens in the modern sense. But
a new foundation took place in 1711, and
although Dr. Ingram's Memorials of Cvford
contain but slight reference to the garde.i, and
do not enable us to trace the transitions from
medieval to Jacobean and eighteenth century
gardens, and to the style of the Victorian era,
we may conclude, from the age of the trees and
other evidence, that the present beautiful gar-
dens of Worcester College were preceded by
others, all expressing the fashions of their
various periods. " Much taste," says Dr. In-
gram in his volumes of 1837, " has recently been
displayed here in converting, at considerable
expense, a mere orchard into a delightful
garden."

The style of the gardens may be judged from
the fact, that I entered them — public as they are
— amid the loud singing of numerous thrushes
and other birds. This bespeaks an absence of
wide expanse of unsheltered beds and of flower
borders in the geometric style, and suggests,
instead of such ornaments, plenty of shrubs
and trees, and sufficient thicket to hold
and partly hide our half domesticated
singing birds. I have no doubt these'
numerous songsters were paying a debt of
gratitude they owed for bread-crumbs received
during the long frost that killed so many of
their tribe last winter. And perhaps the water
has attracted them, for there is a nice large
expanse of water in the gardens, fed by the
adjoining canal, which follows the boundary
fence of the gardens for a quarter of a mile or
more. Here the birds can take their bath, and
the thrushes mix plaster for their nests; and here,

460

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[October 15, 1887.

too, the little teetotallers can slake their thirst.
The lake forn« the only example of the intro-
duction of water as an ornament of the gardens
of Oxford ; it forms, therefore, a " feature " of
much interest, and not being stagnant, is exceed-
i n ,'ly delectable, especially from the growth of
waterside trees — AVillows, a deciduous Cypress,
if the pale fine-cut green leaves of a tree in the
distance did not deceive, and of a fine Horse
t'hestuut, whose heavy side branches droop in
the water and assist, as that tree seems always
willing to do, in breaking the monotony which
attaches to unclothed margins of ponds.

A gate at the bottom of the garden opens into
a long walk, having the lake on one side and the
0 /.lal and its fence on the other. It is a delight-
fal an:l a homely walk, and the rest of the
gir!en^, fenced at the other end by the College
buildings, is in character with it. The gardens
nf Worce5ter College are always named among
thj best in Oxford, and they consist mainly of a
f^w winding walks, with informal lawns, such as
an English gentleman might desire for his house,
planted and shaded with many native trees and
a few foreign ones. Architecture has done less
for these gardens than for some others in this
stately city, for that portion of the College
buildings which overlooks them is not palatial,
ami the outside wall, concealed by a belting with
a walk running through it, is but an ordinary
walk such as many an old manor-house can
boast of. The Copper Beech is a favourite at
Oxford on account of the colour of its leaves,
which in autumn, when slightly faded, resembles
p35sibly the rich brown of some noble tome
bound in vellum. There is a Mulberry tree
o 1 the lawn, a tree which does not seem so
frequent here as in the Thames valley nearer
London.

X must not conclude this short notice without
at '.ting that in Gloucester Hall of the old
f 0 mdation many remarkable men were educated,
an 1 among them Thomas Allen, the first mathe-
matician of his time, the companion of the
Wizard Earl of Northumberland during his long
confinement in the Tower ; Sir Kenelm Digby,
the pupil of Allen, and one of the earliest
Fellows of the Royal Society ; and, omitting
mv ly others, Nash, the historian of Worces-
ter .hire.

The gardens of Trinity College are entirely
d fferent from the above, since they were laid
out in a style quite in keeping with the stately
architecture of the buildings. They consist of
an inner court, surrounded on three sides with
t'i9 buildings of the College, and of a large outer
enclosure several acres in extent, laid out in
walks and lawns. This great court, or enclosure,
f jrms the "gardens," and on entering them after
making the tour from the porter's lodge through
a series of courts inclosed by the halls and
chambers in which the gentlemen of this palace
i.f Trinity are taught, housed, and entertained,
yju have before you in the distance across the
snooth turf, a stately pair of iron gates bearing
the arms of the College and forming an entrance
fit for a monarch's procession. This grand
entrance is not for daily use, but no sight-seer
making his way from the Sheldonian Theatre
at the end of Broad Street towards University
I'ark and the Museum could pass those gates
without pausing to admire Trinity College and
iti extensive foreground of lawn.

The lover of curious tree architecture should
noi fail to inspect the avenue of Limes running
d)wn one side of the garden and forming a screen
to some inferior buildings and offices. Owing, to
the cutting back of the branches and their
k.iotu-d and twisted new growth, they do not

interlace in the usual manner, but they form a
very complete archway and a shady walk.

In addition to its gardens, Oxford enjoys a
delightful promenade in University Park, where
the inhabitants are afforded free scope across the
wide expanse of greensward, or in the walks and
beltings that surround it. Their beloved Cher-
well flows along one side of the park towards the
Isis, and those extensive roofs and lofty gables
immediately beyond the boundary on the oppo-
site side, belong to Keble College. The other
conspicuous building on the third side is the
University Museum, having a large boulder
placed before the front door, which we will pre-
sently examine. The observatory in the park
need not detain us, and I shall only say of the ar-
boriculture under the m.anagement of Mr. Baxter,
whose knowledge of trees is manifested here by
the careful selection he has made of suitable or
interesting subjects, that a capital collection of
Thorns is planted alongside the walks. The
Maidenhair tree flourishes here. The white
blossoms of Robini-Pseudo Acacia were charming
on Midsummer Day, and I noticed a bush of
Pinus pumilio 10 or 12 feet through.

It was a naturalist probably who placed the
boulder in front of the Museum, and the inscrip-
tion on it suggests a method by which some of
the forms of vegetable and animal life were dis-
tributed over the ever-charming face of the
globe in pre-historic ages. The inscription is to
the effect that the afore-mentioned boulder of
Shap granite belongs to the glacial drift, and
that it was found near Filey, \'M feet above the
sea-level, and 106 miles from Shap, near Pen-
rith, where alone this granite is found in situ.
H. E.

between these mongrels are so slight that it is to be
hoped only a few, and those of the best, will be
retained. More valuable results would obtain from
the raising of new breaks by the intermixture of
distinct species, or of varieties selected for special
reasons.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CATTLEYA LABIATA WILSONIANA, n.var.

This very remarkable Cattleya has been intru-
duced by Mr. F. Sander, and is dedicated at his wish
to Mr. Wilson, the enthusiastic collector at Sheffield.
Only very, very few plants have been collected.
They are of a moderate height, of course single-
spathed, growing very densely. The sepals are rather
broad and blunt. The petals are very broad and
very blunt. All show a fine elegant amethyst colour.
The stout column is whitish. The lip comes near to
that of Cattleya Liiddemanniana and speciosissima,
but the origin of the plant is far westwards from
those. The lip has a strong fold on each side in
front of the centre. The anterior part is crenulate
and emarginate. Towards its base stand very delicate
lines on pallid ground. In the centre there is on each
side a light yellow eye. There are oblique lines of
tiie darkest purple in the centre on both sides of the
middle line. The anterior fine amethyst coloured
part boasts numerous spots and marks of darkest
purple, and on each side there is a semilunar blnnt-
angled wide area, equally of the darkest purple.

This is quite charming, and I could not help
thinking of a fine Turkish carpet. I have as docu-
ments not only my sketch from the living plant, but
the unusually well-dried flower, showing clearly all
the singular peculiarities. H. G. lichh.f.

Anthurium Scherzeriancm.
M. A. de la Devanssye describes in the lievue
Horticolc some new seedlings (crosses). A. Maria
Theresa has a bold ovate-oblong acute spathe with a
white ground thickly spotted with bright rose, lower
side red with white spots. Tiie spadix is orange-
coloured. A. S. Le Fresnehas an oblong acuminate
spathe spotted with rose on the upper surface, lower
surface intensely red slightly sprinkled with white
dots, spadix orange. These are crosses derived from
S. andegavensex by S. Devansayanum X . S. ande-
gavenseX, it should be stated, is a cross between
two varieties of the original plant, one with red the
other with white spathes. S. Devansayanum X
originated from the same source. The ditferences

THUNBERGIA AFFINIS.

This is a new addition to the stove representatives
of this genus, and is closely related to T. erecta, better
known in gardens as Meyenia erecta. The new one
(see fig. 94), may be roughly described as a Meyenia
double the size in every point of M. erecta. It may nut
be generally known that the latter plant is a scandent
shrub, similar in habit to Plumbago capensis, but
under cultivation it is kept within bounds and treated
as a small bush. T. aBinis may be grown either as a
climber or as a pot-shrub. It may be seen growinp;
both ways at Kew, the climber being in the Palm-
house over the African shelf, where it has been in
bloom all through the summer. But the fot plants
are prettiest, several pyramidal examples 2 feet high
being all furnished with healthy green foliage, and
l>roducing a great number of flowers. Sir John Kirk
brought this species with him about a year ago from
Zanzibar. It is also in the Berlin Botanic Gardens,
where it was sent a fewyears ago by the rollector, Hil-
debrandt. A figure of it has been prepared for the Bota-
nical Moffa-inc. No doubt this really beautiful stove
plant will soon become popular. The flowers are
2 inches across, and deep purple-blue with a yellow
throat. IV.

ROTHAMSTED GARDEN ALLOT-
MEXTS.

The subject of allotments is now pretty e.xten-
sively occupying — and justly so — the attention of
politicians and others interested in the welfare of
the poorer classes of our country.

The condition of the agricultural labourer —
whether viewed physically, intellectually, or morallv
— has claims of paramount importance on public
consideration, and we know of nothing better calcu-
lated to benefit the agricultural labourer or the more
skilled artisan than .allotting to each who desires it
a certain portion of land for spade husbandry at a
reasonable price.

Some laudable examples have been set by praise-
worthy individuals in dilTerent parts of the kingdom,
of whom Sir J. B. Lawes. of Rothamsted, stands
prominent.

Thirty years ago — March, 1857 — Sir J. B. Lawcs,
wishing to ameliorate the condition of the farm
labourers of Harpenden, set apart 16 acres of land
for allotment gardens, wisely thinking th.at the
greatest assistance he could render to the working
classes was to induce them to help themselves, and
cultivate vegetables for the use of their families.

To these gardens was afterwards added a club-
house, which may be described in the words of
Charles Dickens, who visited the allotments in 18-59,
and in an article entitled, *' The Poor Man and his
Beer," published in the first number of Alt the Year
Round, April, 1859 :—

" A pretty, simple building, the club-house with a
rustic colonade outside, under which the members
can sit on wet evenings, looking at the patches of
ground they cultivate for themselves; witliin a well
ventilated room, large and lofty, cheerful pavement
of coloured tiles, a bar for serving out the beer, good
supply of forms and chairs, and a brave big chimney-
corner, where the fire burns cheerfully,

'■ Adjoining to this room another : ' Built for a
reading room,' said " Friar Bacon ; " ' but not mucii
used — yet.' "

The Society consists of 1G8 members, each holding
a plot of ground in accordance with his capability,
and the size of his family. Thus, eighty-four persons
each hold an allotment of 20 poles (one-eighth of an
acre) in size ; nine persons hold plots of 15 poles in
area, and seventy-five persons, allotments of 10 poles
each ; and it is quite surprising to See how admir-

October 15, 1887.]

THE GARDENEIiS' CHRONICLE.

461

l"lG. 94. — THCNBEEGIA AFFINIS : PLOWEHS PUKPLE ; THROAT GOLDEN-TELLOW. (sEE P. 460.)

ably they are tilled and the quantity of produce that down his spade or his hoe, coines to the club-hous6

is raised from these small portions of land." and gets it, and goes back to his work. When he

Again, quotingDickens,whosays: — "Themembers has done work, he likes to have his beer and his

are always working on them in their spare hours ; Tobacco at the end, still, and to sit and look at his

and when a man wants a mug of beer, instead of crops as they thrive."

going off to the village and the public-house, he puts The Society is managed by a committee of twelve

members, a chairman, and a secretary, wlio are
elected .at the .innu.al dinner which takes place the
first Saturday in June, and when, as Sir John him-
self says, in the Journal of the Roi/al Agricultural
Society, vol. xiii., he has "an opportunity of meeting
almost all the members of the Club, and of discuss-
ing subjects of mutual interest ; even the delicate
one of ' strikes ' has not been avoided, and a discus-
sion on the subject, bearing upon the relation between
the employer of labour and tlie labourer, has not in
any way altered the friendly feeling between them."

The following is a summary of a few of the prin-
cipal rules in force : —

When a vacancy occurs in an allotment a new
candidate is proposed, and if elected, pays an entrance
fee of 1,<:., which goes to the funds" of the Club,
together with a quarterly p.ayraent of 9ri. for inci-
dental expenses, .and a rent, collected yearly on Sep-
tember 29, at the rate of £2 per acre for his allot-
ment to Sir J. B. Lawes. One month's grace is given
with a fine of (jd., but any member failing to pay
liis rent or his quarterly subscription at the end of
one month forfeits his .allotment, and can enter the
Club only by re-election at the discretion of the
committee.

No Sund.ay labour is allowed, and any member
g 'tting vegetables or fruit in the gardens after 9 a.m.
o 1 a Sund.ay morning is fined Hd.. for each offence.

Any member not keeping his allotment clear of
s 'cd-weeds, or otherwise injuring his neighbour, is
written to by the secretary, and if the offence is
cintinued the committee have power to expel the

0 fender from tlie Club, or fine him 2s.

Any member wishing to give up his allotment
must send notice to the committee, and the suc-
ceeding tenant can enter upon any part of the ground
wliich is uncropped at the time of notice of the out-
going tenant.

Compensation is made to an outgoing tenant, or
to the nearest relative on the death of a member, for
fiuit trees, produce, and condition of the ground,
the committee acting as arbitrators, if necessary.

Any member taking tools from another member's
garden without leave, and not returning them the
same day, is fined Is.

When a member dies, the widow is allowed, if she
so desires, to retain his garden for twelve months,
after which time she must give it up, unless she has
a son old enough to take charge of it.

Water is not laid on, but there are a few under-
ground rain-water tanks in the gardens, constructed
chiefly for drainage purposes, and a draw-well, from
which water can he obtained.

In 1862 the committee started what is termed a
"Death Fund," and as soon as possible after the
death of a member who has been in the Club for
ten years the sum of £4 is paid out of the funds to
the widow or nearest relative ; but if the member
has been in the Club less than ten years, £3 only
is paid. And the sum of £3 is paid to any member,
on the death of his wife.

During the twenty-five years this fund has existed
there has been paid from the Club the total sum of
£350, and it would be needless to say how often this
modicum of help has proved of the greatest service
when the bread-winner of the family has been taken
away. To obtain this fund, it was resolved that
when a member or a member's wife died, id. should
be paid by each of the 168 members ; this brings in
a sum of £2 16s. ; the extra 24s., to make the
amount to £4, or 45. if to £3, is taken from the
standing fund of the Club, which is banked, and at
the last annual meeting of members amounted to
£71 lis. bd.

Two years ago Sir J. B. Lawes started a second,
Allotment Society in another part of the parish of
Harpenden, about 28 acres being set apart for the
purpose, the plots ranging from 1 acre or more to
10 poles.

There are at the pfeseht time in these new
allotments 121 members, twelve of whom hold

1 acre or more ; two, three-quarters of an acre
each i one, half an acre ; eight, a quarter of an acre;
seventy-seven, 20 poles each ; and the remaining

462

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLK

[OcTOBEE 15, 1887.

number smaller pieces, down to 10 poles, which is
the minimum area allowed. These allotments are
managed by a separate committee ; £2 per acre is
charged for the land, and tlie rules in force are prac-
tically those of the older Kothamsted allotments,
save that in these larger plots grain crops or other
farm-produce are allowed to be grown, as well as
vegetables and fruit, and a pig-stye is allowed to be
erected.

Prizes of money for the best cultivated gardens,
and for the best vegetable and fruit produce, are
offered from time to time by Sir John, and these have
never failed to excite much healthy competition and
to create considerable interest among the membeis,
who are much more .anxious to obtain the newer and
better descriptions of seed than formerly.

We cannot, therefore, but regard the system as one
adapted not only to improve the condition of the
poorer classes themselves, but also, by the diminution
of pauperism, to relieve the classes above them, who
contribute chiefly to their support ; nor does it, as
has been sometimes asserted, render the labourer a
whit more careless of or indifferent to the interests
of his regular employer. J. J. Willis, Harpcndcn.

TREES OF LONDON.

Many of the old plans of London, which .are bird's-
eye views rather than maps, indicate avenues and
plantations that have long since disappeared. Time
and storms laid low one tree after another ; the self-
sown young ones had but poor chance against the
increasingly polluted atmosphere and the wanton
destruction of young roughs ; and the guardians of
our highways and public gardens gave scant atten-
tion to the maintenance of summer shade and
verdure. Above all, the loss of green in London was
due to the builder. It is true, as one square after
another was built it was " laid out," but this did not
compensate for the wholesale felling of old timber
as one estate after another was cleared for building.

The last twenty years has seen a reaction ; plant-
ing has been revived, and at no time more exten-
sively than in the last three years. The newer parks,
such as Battersea, Victoria, and Kennington, and
" greens," like Camberwell and Paddington, are each
year richer in foliage, and the avenues on the
Embankment have grown large enough to add to the
effect of the view and give shelter to pedestrians ;
where bright gardens, too, gladden the eye, and
afford pleasant resting places. From the time since
St. Botolph's set tlie example, our grim and neglected
churchyards have gradually been made to bloom
with flowers, and young trees increasingly add to the
refreshing colour. From Westminster Abbey and
St. Paul's, down to sm.all disused churches in
"slummy districts," the effects of planting are to
be seen.

The public seem to be gradually realising the fact
that attention to beauty in our highways and public
places is as v.aluable at least as in the design of a
textile fabric, a wood carving, the lines for a car-
riage, or any of those ''studies" for which art
medals are usually given.

This last spring the churchyard of St. Martin's-in-
the-Fields has been planted, and among other large
churchyards that in Chelsea has not only been
planted, but laid out as a garden. The parade-
ground of tlie Horse Guards, around tlio Prime
Minister's oihcial residence, has also been planted,
and over eighty trees have been added to those in the
Hvde Park end of the Green Park, while many small
groups are now to be seen in it elsewhere.

It is, however, in the busy thoroughfares that the
change is most marked. Just as the new Nortlium-
berland Avenue was planted as soon as completed, so
was Shaftesbury Avenue ; and this last spring the
new Charing Cross Road lias been planted, thus
carrving a line of trees close to the Seven Dials, and
adding to the amount of green to be seen in Tra-
falgar Square. Many of the main thoroughfares
leading to the suburbs have also been planted. For
thoroughfares the Plane is almost evei-ywhere
tdopted. It early shows a bright green leaf, and

keeps its colour even when Elms seem to fail. When
the old Elms in the Brompton Iload were felled,
Planes were subsequently substituted. Oaks have
almost entirely disappeared. The Plane seems better
suited to London than any other tree, and no finer
examples are to be seen than in Berkeley Square.
As a proof of how bright Grass may look, even
alongside a main road, there is perhaps no better
illustration than the Cromwell Koad Museum
Garden.

But to maintain the beauty it cannot be forgotten
tliat trees in thoroughfares need regular pruning,
and frequent attention to the pavement and road
around them. Journal of the Society of Arts.

HOLIDAY JOTTINGS IN THE
ISLE OF MAN.

IIavino once, when staying at Liverpool, paid a
flying visit to "lovely Mona," and on the one clear
d.iy we spent there driven across the island from
Douglas to Port Erin, returning by w.iy of Castle-
town, I had, from what I saw, a great longing to
visit it again. Circumstances this year proving
favourable, I and the partner of my joys and sorrows
packed up a few necessary articles in the early days
of July and betook ourselves to the Euston station
of the" North-Western Railway— formerly one of the
wonders of the world, according to an early edition
of Cassell's Wonderful Tilings. Whether it ever
deserved that reputation, and still sustains it, I do
not know.

Tlie journey to Liverpool was quite new to my
companion, and although it is one of the le.ast
interesting of the railway routes, so far as scenery is
CDUcerned, it is pleasant and refreshing to be con-
veyed across the fields and through the woods in the
bright summer time. Yet the speed is too great to
get more than a glimpse of the pretty things, ar.d
one often just misses something pointed out by another.
To our eyes the most attractive object in the fore-
ground of the landscape for many, many miles was tlie
wild Rose.

Roses were the most conspicuous of all wild
flowers ; there were Roses white and Roses pink,
and Roses of that deeper tint to which the lovely
flower has given a name. Roses were in the fulness
of their glory; there were Roses here and Roses
there, and Roses almost everywhere ; .and it was
pleasant, the consciousness of this queen of flowers
being our national emblem. Then there were Roses
in captivity, Roses of a different kind of beauty-
beautiful, nevertheless, and gre.atly adorning tl'e
gardens and abodes of man, and affording the chief
brightness of the scene. But as we sped onward we
entered a country bereft of the greater part of its
beauty by human agency; a region of dead trees.
Green there was on the face of the earth, yet no
living trees. Remains of the woods of former days
were scattered here and there as dead trees. Gaunt,
dry, weatlierworn, repulsive skeletons ; not beautiful
in death, like the tree in the forest which has died
a natural death, and stands enshrouded in moss and
lichen, or maybe hung with Ivy.

These sad transformations are a part of the penalty
we have to p!iy for onr greatness as a nation ; and
the imposing city of Liverpool, with its wondrously
animated river, causes reflections which must not be
written down here.

To one born by the sea and fond of the sea the
trip from the Mersey to Douglas on a fine day,
aboard a good boat, is delightful. The distance is
not so great as to tire, yet long enough to satisfy ;
and there is usually suflicient motion to avoid
monotony.

Rain w'as a blessing we had not enjoyed for a long
time, but as we approaclied the Isle of Man we met
a shower which proved to be of considerable dura-
tion, and we began to fear that we had entered a zone of
greater precipitation, but this delusion was dispelled
the next dav, and we who wished to live in the open
air had reason to rejoice. Naturally the rain veiled
the view of the beautful Bay of Douglas, and stimu-

lated us to prepare for a speedy landing in order to
secure a vehicle to convey us to our destination, for
happily we had one in this wet weather. Open wag-
gonettes, which are almost exclusively the vehicles
of Douglas, were the only conveyances we found at
hand, except the omnibuses of the large hotels, and
we were going to a small boarding-house. However,
we were in our seagoing suits, and defied a little
rain, having, after all, only about half a mile to
drive.

On awaking the next moming we fonnd the sun
was shining gloriously, and as we had a view of
the bay from headland to headland, we could hardly
give the time necessary for dressing. Moreover,
we discovered that the garden in front of our house
sloped at an angle of about 45°, and the roadway
below is reached by a long sloping path at right
angles, which sufficiently explained why we were
driven to the back door the night before !

I may here remark that in order to keep these
"jottings" within desirable limits I must omit much
of general interest, and confine myself mainly to the
subjects of most interest to readers of the Gardeners'
Chronicle.

We soon ascertained from observation and report
that the drought was as severe in the island as in the
neighbourhood of London, and the shower we en-
countered quite casual.

The situation, surroundings andbackground ofDon-
glas are naturally charming; yet comparatively little
has been done, especially in the newer part facing the
sea, to embellish the town with shrubs and herbaceous
flowering plants : trees in the limited space are out
of the question. From the harbour for a long dis-
tance round the bay, skirting the larger hotels and
lodging-houses, there is no more verdure than in an
ordinary street of London ; no front gardens nor
courts planted with evergreens, such as one sees in
most southern watering places. The northern half
of the bay is wooded almost to the water's edge ; and
there is space on the parade where something might
be effected with clumps of shrubs that flourish in
such situations. But so far as one could see the
Town Council, or whatever the authority may be
named, has not yet attempted any gardening. It is
true we saw a request not to walk on the grass on a
bare expanse near the pier. On the other hand the
the natural beauty and comparative repose of
Douglas Head has been destroyed, in the opinion of
many, bv this body permitting the erection of to-
boggan slides and the switchback railway, from
which they draw some revenue.

In the gardens, on the land side of tlie town, there
is everywhere evidence of tlie mildness of the
climate ; * yet there was little variety in those open
to view. The Chilian Fuchsia, for whicli the island
is noted, abounds everywhere, growing in great
luxuriance in all sorts of situations, and attaining
dimensions in some localities unequalled in any
other part of the kingdom, and probably also in
its native country ; but I shall have occasion
to mention it again. Another common and
flourishing Chilian shrub is Escallonia macrantha,
which I was informed usually flowers in winter.
Old and large plants of the scarlet Pelargonium are
not uncommon against houses, and in one front
garden in Douglas there is an example of Cordyline
australis, at least 10 or 12 feet high ; and in various
places we saw different varieties of the New Zealand
■Veronica speciosa, 5 or 6 feet high, and as many
through. It is probjible that some of the larger
private gardens contain a varied assortment of plants,
but as our principal object was the natural beauties
of the island we did not trouble to obtain access to
them. Portugal and common Laurels and Rhodo-
dendrons in the nursery grounds near Douglas
are large, thougli not larger than frequently seen in
the South of England.

Our first excursion was to Glen Helen, whither

** From Brown's excellent Gnide to tlie island we learn that
the average annual rainfall is a little over -10 inches; the
temperature 49** Fahr. ; the mean winter temperature 42°.10 ;
and it is only surpassed in the amount of sunshine in the
United Kingdom by the East of E iglaad a-ul the Channel
Islands,

OcTOBEE 15, 1887.]

TBE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

463

we drove over one of the best macadamised roads it
was ever our lot to traverse. The shower we en-
countered on landing had washed the dust from the
hedges and roads alike, and generally refreshened
Nature, so that everything was pleasant to look
upon.

I may here mention that, being a very poor walkei;,
and my companion no better, it was not my intention
to attempt to botanise the island ; yet much interest-
ing work remains to be done in this direction ;
nothing approaching a complete catalogue of the
plants of the island having, so far as I am aware,
been published.* W. B. Hcmsley.
{To be continued.)

THE CHRISTMAS ROSE.

Supplementary to what was related of these
plants in the Gardeners' Chronicle for October 8, I
would mention the following fine varieties : —

• St. Brigid's CkrUtmas Rose, introduced to notice
by Mr. F. W. Burbidge, of Trinity College Gardens,
is one of the finest varieties, and differs from all
others by its peculiar apple-green flower and leaf-
stalks, the snow-white purity of its blooms ; also by
its erect habit. This variety has been often noticed
in recent garden literature, and is now widely dis-
tributed.

Madaiiie Four^ade — This seems to have been
selected from imported Austrian plants ; the flowers
are snow-white, and cup-shaped ; the leaf-stalks
bronzy, with the same tinge running through the
leaves, the latter also becoming of a bronze colour in
the autumn. It has a very close but spreading habit
— a very fine variety.

Altifulius or ma.vi)mts — of which a full-page illus-
tration appeared in our columns Dec. 1, 1883,
p. 693 — was always considered to be the largest
flowering variety extant until the Riverston (see
last week) was brought into notice. Maximus
flowers in October or November, according to
locality. The blooms are very large, white when
grown under shelter, but shaded with rose on
the exterior when exposed out-of-doors. Flower-
stems and foliage-stalks are of a deep purple
colour. It succeeds best in deep, well-drainod, stiff
loam.

Niger is the variety imported in such large quanti-
ties from Austria, but it is most variable ; the blooms
rather small, and in colour piuky-white. There is a
very distinct form of niger found in Irish gardens,
which I have never seen anywhere else, the foliage
of which is 2 inches in diameter, deeply notched or
toothed, like Holly, with apple-green leaf-stalks and,
foliage, and mottled flower-stems. The blooms are
large, and produced in February, and also of a pinky-
white colour, and cup-shaped.

Major, — There are several sorts, including the
Bath variety. Our Irish form is also very fine, the
result of climate doubtless. The flowers snowy-
white, very large, and produced at Christmas time ;
the leaves and flower-stalks are mottled purple.

Caticasicus. — An intermediate form, with very
dark mottled stems, and deep green erect foliage,,
flowering rather late. Snow-white flowers when these
are produced under glass, but tinged with pink
from plants out-of-doors. This variety has a veiy

* The literature relating to the flora of the island known tO'
me begins with H.C.Watson's Outlines nf the Geographical
Distribution of British Plants, 1832, wliich contains a few
indications of Isle o! Man plants observed by Mr. James-
Macnab. Winch's Contribtctions to the Flora of Cumberland^
which appeared in the following year (183^), also records a,
few, including Listera cordata, on Snaefell (Rev. H. Davies),
which is not mentioned as having been found by subsequent
colk^ctors. The A''eiv Botanist's Guide (H. C.Watson, 1837),.
p. 1(17, includes a list of about eighty species, contributed by
tlit^ ■Ustinguished Professor Ed%vard Forbes, who was a native
o£ tlie Isle of Man. He also furnished a brief sketch of the-
llora of the island to the Rev. J. G. Cumming's Isle of Man,
it-^ History, Physical, Ecclesiastical, Civil, and Legendari/r.
1S18. The Phytologist for 1857 contains a list of 11.3 mosses
collected in the Isle of Man by J. H. Davies; and in the same
publication for 1860 there is an interesting article on the flora.
of the island, with localities of some of the less common
species. This article is not signed, but it is dated from Christ's-
Church Parsonage, Maiighold, Isle of Man.

vigorous constitution, and thiives where other sorts
fail.

Am/ustifolins or the Brockhurst variety. — This is
somewhat similar to St. Brigid, but much smaller,
and later to bloom. Although the flower-buds are
now so much above the soil of the Irish variety,
that the latter seems much earlier. [This formed the
subject of a full-page illustration in our issue for
Jan. 19, 1884, p. Sb.] W. B. Hartland, Te.uplc Hill,
Cork,

WATCOMBE PARK.

This place, now in the possession of Colonel
Wright, is situated a few miles from Torquay, from
which it lies northwards, and is reached by the road
leading throuRh St. Mary Church. Many who have
seen the grounds pronounce them the most beautiful
to be met with in this deliKhtful part of the West,
and it would indeed be diflicult to point to a more
lovely spot.

Nature has done much for the place, and the
natural advantages present have been turned to
good account in the general arrangement and plant-
ing. Many kinds of trees that are too tender to
be relied on for planting furtlier inland, even on tills
side of England, continue to thrive here, not suffering
in the least by the coldest winters that occur. A
good many shrubs which those who reside in less
favoured parts of the kingdom never see except in
greenhouses, succeed here in the open air.

There are two names associated with Watcombe
Park, both of which are familiar to many besides
those immediately connected with the respective
pursuits in which their lives were spent. I. K.
Brunei, the famous engineer, through whose genius
the Thames Tunnel came into existence — a work
which has been eclipsed by the gigantic underground
borings that have since been ellected, but to which
Brunei stood pioneer; and Alex.ander Torsyth, who
a short time back was called away from the field in
which his long labours had been spent alike with
credit to himself and to the pursuit of which he was
a worthy and respected member. About 1848 Mr.
Brunei, who evidently had an eye for something
besides tunnels and big ships, was so impressed with
the natural beauties which the place presented that he
bought the land with the object of having it laid out
and building a house thereon. Acting on the prin-
ciple that whilst men are sleeping trees are gi'owing,
he took the wise course ol having the ground-work
and the planting done before beginning to build — in
this way, to some extent, avoiding the objectionably
unfurnished appearance inseparable from a dwelling
where the trees and shrubs in the surrounding grounds
have not had time to get fairly into growth. Mr.
Forsyth was entrusted by Mi-. Brunei with the laying
out of the grounds. How well he acquitted himself
in the work is shown by the appearance of the
place at the present day, when some thirty years
have elapsed since the planting was completed, and
which, though long cnougli to allow a good portion
of the sands of human life to run out, is a long way
short of being sufficient for the full development of
trees.

The road from St. Mary Church rises for a con-
siderable distance, at first slightly, afterwards the
ascent is steeper, until it reaches the top of the
plateau, which stretches out some distance to the
north and west at several hundred feet above the
level country around. From the road the carriage-
drive leads westwards for a short distance until the
mansion is reached. Within the grounds there is
much diversity of surface. The house — which is a
handsome building, built of limestone with free-
stone dressings — stands at the head of a deep and
narrow valley, which terminates abruptly just as the
comparatively level surface near the summit is
reached. Standing immediately in front of the house,
■which faces down the valley in a southerly direction,
the view across the country is one of the finest
imaginable.

A moderately wide terrace-like stretch of lawn
fronts the house, against which there is a border
filled with a number of the finest kinds of exotic

shrubs, deciduous and evergreen. Amongst the
latter are Acacias of different sorts, Cytisus race-
mosus. Myrtles, Coronillas, Draciena australis,
12 feet high ; Clematis indivis.a, covering a good
part of the verandah ; whilst fine specimens of the
green and the variegated American Agave stand
out on the grass all the year round. On the western
side of the house, considerably below the level of the
upper terrace, there is a lawn-tennis ground par-
tially surrounded by a clipped Yew hedge, and on
the higher gi-ound immediately behind this is a row
of Cupressus macrocarpa — magnificent trees, in the
most perfect condition from base to top, not one of
them showing the falling-ofl' which this tree often
exhibits in many places after it has been planted for
some time. The different varieties of Ketinospora
thrive in a way calculated to make those who live in
less favoured places regret that these beautiful ever-
green trees will not succeed everywhere. Here they
maintain the lively, dense, healthy-looking foliage
for which they are so remarkable in the first stages
of their existence, but from which, in most localities,
there is a falling ofi". Spring-flower gardening is
made a feature, in the beds .and borders about the
house several thousand Hyacinths and Tulips being
planted annuall3\

The descent from the upper to the lower terrace
is by a flight of handsome stone steps. Passing
from this the valley is entered, which spreads out
right and left, so as to form a wide stretch of lawn,
with a gradnal descent extending far 'away till it
reaches the open meadows further soutliwards. The
high ground ascending right and left up to the top of
the ridge on each side has been well planted with de-
ciduous and evergreen trees, including the best and
most distinct of each section, which collectively have,
attained a size, in the little over thirty years they
have been planted, that could scarcely be credited.
Noticeable amongst the evergi'cen kinds are Cedrus
Libani, C.Deodara, Wellingtonia (Sequoia) gigantea,
Araucaria imbricata. Sequoia sempervirens, all the
best of the Pinuses, Cupressus macrocarpa, Cryp-
tomeria japonica, and a host of others, all thriving
in a way that shows how they like the situation.

The last tree named is in a condition such as I
have not before seen it, the lower branches stretching
out on the turf so as to cover a space some 30 feet in
diameter, and clothed to the top so densely that
hardly a bit of the wood can be seen. Cupressus
macrocarpa is about 45 feet from outside to outside
of its branches, and feathered perfectly down to
the gi-ound. Kemarkable amongst the shrubs
are the huge examples of Escallonia macrantha,
some of which are from 15 to 20 feet through, and
8 or 10 feet high; whilst Berberis Darwinii is
equally large. At some distance from the honse,
sheltered perfectly from the e.^st and northern winds,
is a cosy dell planted with Ferns, Fuchsias, Yuccas,
and many things that stand out here without protec-
tion, such as Aralia Sieboldi .and Chamffirops For-
tunei, one plant of which is 12 feet high, and as
much through. Near this is a space of about half an
acre, occupied by a collection of Thorns, including
most of the best kinds, and which, independent of
the beauty of their flowers in spring, are an inter-
esting feature, as they are now old enough to show
the distinct character of the various sorts.

On the western side of the valley a walk leads
from the tennis-ground near the house ; this winds
its course along the breast of the slope southwards
for a considerable distance, and then takes a western
direction, still following the course of the higher
ground. Here again are quantities of coniferous'
trees in beautiful condition ; amongst them are Abies
Douglasii, A. nobilis glaucescens, Picea Menziesii,
Cupressus nutkaensis, and others. The numbers of
the newer kinds of Conifers bearing cones show the
effect the late dry summers have had on them.
Standing on this walk about midway from
the mansion to the opposite end of the valley,
with one's back to the evening sun, the opposite
slope presented as eflective an example of leaf-
colouring as could well be imagined : the variety of
hues of the evergreens, from the black-green of the

464

THE GA E DENER 6" CHB ONI GL E.

[October 15, 1887.

Austrian Pine to the pale tints of tlie Deodars, in
contrast witli tlie purple Beeclies and the light and
the dark leaves of other deciduous trees, was a good
illustration of what may be done in this direction
when the planter knows what he is about. Con-
tinuing this beautiful woodland walk still further
away, the planting lias been more confined to the
commoner kinds of trees and shrubs. Here Clematis
flammula lias overrun everything within its reach, so
as to form a dense arched canopy overhead. Irises,
Primroses, Wood Anemones, Bluebells and Ferns,
by the acre, thickly carpet the ground. Another of
these long shady walks leads to the open ground at
the lower end of the park, where a good view of tlie
mansion witli its beautiful grounds is obtained. In
fact, one of the features of Watcombe is, that at every
turn something unexpected presents itself to the eye.
From the eastern side of the dwelling a walk leads
for some distance until it reaches the Torquay Road,
which is crossed by a rustic foot-bridge, which con-
nects the home ground with the extensive high tract
that on this side is bounded by the sea, to which the
descent is precipitous. Here again is one of the
most beautiful views which the kingdom affords.
Eastwards, across the broad expanse of water, lie
Dawlish, Bxmouth, and Teignmouth, bathed on the
daylsaw themin the bright autumn sunshine, with tlie
numerous small craft and pleasure-boats, the sails
of which hung limp and unmoved by the lazy wind
that was too listless to move a ripple on the glassy
surface of the sea. Beyond these places the land
rises as far as the eye can reach, tlie whole forming
as lovely a picture as could well exist. A grassy
ride continues round this part of the estate, running
through a wide belt of trees, mostly Conifers, giving
shade and shelter. Here, as elsewhere already noticed,
they thrive amazingly, unaffected by the sea-breeze or
the winds from the land-side, to which they are equally
exposed. The most remarkable are Picea Menziesii,
Abies cephalonica,A.pectinata,Cedrus Deodara, Pinus
Pinaster, P. austriaca, P. Laricio, P. sylvestris, and
P. insignis, which everywhere on the estate grows at
a rate not surpassed by any of the kinds with which
it is associated. At a considerable distance in this
direction the road leads to the extreme point soutli-
wards, where the high ground terminates abruptly
with a rocky perpendicular descent to the se.a, which
is so far below as to make one feel safer when at a
respectful distance from the edge. Here the English
Channel is in full view. From this the path takes a
westward direction, still keeping on the high ground,
flanked right and left by trees of a like description
to those previously mentioned, until it again comes
to the Torquay lload, besides which it runs until again
near the home grounds. On this side of the ridge
the trees, which are similar in kind to those before
described, are fully exposed to the fierce western
gales, but which do not perceptibly affect them.
Here, as in tlie majority of places, the result of not
thinning out sulHciently before the trees get too
much crowded now shows itself in the injured branches
of many that should have bem treated so as to admit
of their retaining their lower branches down to the
ground.

The Glasshocses.
Attached to the mansion on the eastern side is a
large conservatory, with most of the plants turned
out in the beds. Noticeable amongst these are the Tree
Ferns, Cyathea dealbata, Dicksonia antarctica, and
D. squarrosa— large healtliy plants ; the last-named
especially is one of the finest I have met with.
Large masses of Dennstajdtia davallioides, with fronds
10 feet long; Brugmansia Knightii. Of Seaforthia
elegans there are several beautiful specimens 10 or
18 feet high. Hedychium Gardnerianum, Cannas, and
Musas play an important part amongst the larger
plants in the beds, growing witli a vigour such as
not seen where their roots are confined. Casuarina
Bumatrana thrives apace under similar conditions,
its elegant slender branches contrasting with the
massive foli.age of many of the plants associated with
it. Abutilons of various kinds are here very effective.
The wall on the north side is nicely furnished with
plants, conspicuous amongst which are fine-leaved

Begonias in a setting of Selageiiella denticulata.
Nephrolepis exaltata is similarly used with good
effect. Hanging baskets are filled with various things,
flowering and fine-leaved, whilst the additional
colour required is furnished by the introduction of
such blooming subjects as each season of the year
affords. As will be seen by the descrijition, many
of the occupants of this conservatory have attained
a size such as is only admissible in a high roomy
structure. The plants collectively were in a highly
creditable condition.

There are several houses devoted to the cultiva-
tion of stove and greenhouse pl.ants ; the first of
these is a span-roofed stove filled with a miscel-
laneous collection of plants, including most of the
leading flowering and fine-leaved kinds, amongst
wliich were Dipladenias, Stephanotis, Bougainvil-
leas, Eucharis, Palms, Crotons, Uracffinas, Cala-
diums, with quantities of smaller decorative stock.
In another stove were some good examples of Ixoras,
Anthurium Scherzerianum, A. Andreanum (a fine
variety), Clerodendron Balfourii, Palms, Marantas,
and Nepenthes ; on the roof of this house was a fine
specimen of AUamanda Hendersoni, bearing a pro-
fusion of flowers ; it is growing in a 20-inch pot, in
which it has been for four years, without being re-
potted or the soil in any way renewed, but simply
kept going by the use of manure-water.

A span-roofed greenhouse is filled with quantities
of soft-wooded plants, which are grown on until in
bloom, when they are moved to the conservatory.
Here, also, was a good collection of Azaleas, large
and medium-sized plants, sufficient to keep up a suc-
cession of bloom from Christmas until spring. The
roof of this house is thinly covered with Tacsonia
Van Volxemii, T. exoniensisX, and Bomarea Car-
deri, all of whicli were blooming freely.

A range of three lean-to houses is used for grow-
ing-on small decorative plants and winter-blooming
stock.

A long span-roofed fernery contains a good assort-
ment of Ferns, some grown in pots and others
planted out ; all the best kinds for cutting are
strongly represented. In a house principally occu-
pied by Hoses there was a collection of Amaryllis.

The family being at W.atcombe only during
winter, the amount of fruit grown under glass is very
limited; there is only one vinery, filled with Muscats,
Alicante, and Gros Colmar, which at the time I saw
them were carrying a good crop.

Out-of-doors there was a very fine lot of Chrysan-
themums, bush and single-stemmed plants.

The kitchen garden altogether occupies about
3V acres, part of which is enclosed by substantial
walls. Of the vegetables grown, such as come in
during winter are here the most important; these, in
common with the other departments, are well done,
and the general keeping of the place is such as to
show the skilful management brouglit to bear upon
it. T.B.

RHIPSALIS SARMENTACEA.

TuE plant figured at p. 405 belongs to the natural
order Cactaccna. and is furnished with rotate or wheel-
like flowers, that is, flowers with wide spreading seg-
ments and scarcely any tube. The segments vary
from twelve to eighteen, the outer ones or sepals
being small, greenish, and scale-like, and the inner
ones larger, and whiti-sh. The flowers contain
rumerous stamens of nearly eqiual length, and a
narrow style bearing a three to six-rayed stigma.
The plants are mostly composed of a number of
small fleshy-jointed branches, destitute of leaves, the
branches being in some cases round, in others an-
gular. All the species are found in the AVestern
Hemisphere, extending from Mexico to Buenos
Ayres. Several species must be afforded hothouse
treatment in this country, and for others the tem-
perature of a greenhouse is suitable. For such as
are not truly epiphytal, a compost of sandy loam,
leaf-mould and brick rubbish will suflice in which to
grow them well ; and they are best placed on shelves,
or hung up near the roofs.

Mr. .Jutus Corderoy, of Uidcot, to whom we are
indebted for the opportunity of figuring this species,
gives the following account of his mode of treatment: —

" The Rliipsalis sarmentacea is an epiphyte, grow-'
ing on a piece of Tree Fern stem, about 15 inches
long and 5 in diameter ; it is about (as nearly as I can
say from memory) twenty years or more old. I have
grown it from a very small piece ; hut it did not
receive the attention or care it ought to have had,
but simply grew suspended from the roof of the
house, sometimes in the hottest sun, which is very
detrimental to it, as the species like a shady moist
atmosphere, not entirely shaded at all times, but only
during the hottest weather ; but with me they all
share alike, just as it happens ; but this plant
is very healthy, and produces a good quan-
tity of its pretty straw-coloured flowers, which
are about three-quarters of an inch in diameter in
the summer season, and sometimes ripens its fruit,
which is of a dark colour, much resembling a dried
Currant. The spines are of a white colour, in bunches
of eight, about a quarter of an inch long, and lying
nearly close to the stem, which is about the size of
a quill ; but in some cases a sjiine stands up from
the stem. The stem is very thickly furnished on the
under part with fine aerial roots nearly to the point
of growtli, which develope themselves in the hottest
sun ; sometimes the stems are damaged by the
sun burning them, but of late I have put a piece of
very thin paper over the top and sides of the
plant to protect it from the strong rays, but
it is taken off when the plant is watered, otherwise
it is kept on night and day from the begin-
ning of May till August, when it is removed
entirely. The other kinds are grown in the same
way, getting very yellow with the snn shining on
them, but when preserved from it they look nice and
green — at least,'those that take a green colour ; but in
the case of R. pachyptera purpurea the natural
colour of the stems is of a beautiful purple all the
year round. It is a gem of the first water, and, I
believe, very rare — at least, I have only seen two
or three plants. The flowers, which appear in early
spring or winter, are very sweet-scented, like Orange
blossom."

Nursery Notes.

ORCHIDS AT MESSRS. VEITCHS ROYAL
EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA.

The first week in October is, perhaps, not the best
time to visit an Orchid collection for the purposes of
note-taking. Indeed, ten or fifteen years ago there
was scarcely anything to be found in flower at that
time, but now recent introductions from " the gar-
dens of the sun," and it must also be added, the
introduction of English raised hybrids, h.ave effected
quite a revolution in this respect. At present there
is perhaps quite a score of species and varieties of
the genus Cypripedium in flower, amongst them a
new cross from C. Veitchii with very large hand-
some flowers. It is not yet named.

A new hybrid Cattleya is also in flower ; it has
been raised by crossing the autumn flowering C.
labiata with C. Aclandia;. It is certainly the most
beautiful of modern introductions, as such a cross
would be expected to be. The sepals and petals are
of a distinct reddish-purple colour, the broad ex-
panded lip is rich crimson-purple with a clear yellow
well defined, large blotch at the base.

Another lovely hybrid is C. leucoglossaX, a cross
from C. Loddigesi and C. fausta, the sepals and petals
are clear pale rose, the lip is white with a yellow
base ; the fiowers are nearly 4 inches across.

Of the new C. porphyrophlebiax there are several
varieties with flowers fully 4.V inches across. Its
parents are C. intermedia crossed with C. superba.
The sepals and petals are purplish-blush, the lip is
crimson-purple, but they vary much in colour.
Besides the above hybrid Cattleyas there are many
good things in the large house. Cattleya bicolor has
been long in great beauty, and a few handsome
specimens are still at their best ; and the contrast
between the jieculiar yellowish-brown sepals and
petals, and the rich purplish-coloured lip is suffi-
ciently striking. The variety Regnelli is quite dis-
tinct. The wcW known C. gigas and C. maxima are

OCTOEEK 15, 1887.]

THE GA R DENE I? S' CEBONIGLE.

465

also iu flower in conjunction with a handsome variety
of Lffilia elegans. In another house are some of the
smaller growing Lrelias, sucli as L. Dayana, in flower,
suspended from the roof; and on the stage under-
neath is a varied assortment of the new and very
striking Cattleya Bowringiana, rich in colour, like
the darkest fornrs of C. Skinneri. One variety had
rosy-purple sepals and petals, with an intense violet-
purple lip.

The Cypripediums are quite a study in themselves.
It is very interesting to trace in the hybrids the
peculiar characteristics of the parents. C. Dominii X ,
C. Sedeni X , and C. Harrisianum x are alwavs in flo ivcr.

brown, and formed like that of C. Stonei. C.
Dayanum is also in flower, and very beautiful ; the
dorsal sepal is marked witii pale green lines; the
laterals have a peculiar rosy flush ; the slipper brown.
The pretty C. Spicerianum is also flowering very
profusely ; having been introduced in quantities, and
being of very free growtli, it is now plentiful.

Oncidium Jonesianum also seems to be a free-
blooming species ; it is so distinct and pretty, with
its large white lip and brown [spotted sepals and
petals.

Dendrobium formosum is also in splendid form,
the plants having made most vigorous growths ; on

Fig. 95. — khips.iiim uvu-unNrAti-i. ilowebs 5Uii«-C0L0LHED, (see p. 464.)

and amongst rather uncommon species might be
selected C. Curtisii, a very handsome and distinct
species. It has been described by Dr. Eeichenbach
in the Gardeners Chronicle, n.s., vol. xx., p. 8, and is
a native of the Asiatic Archipelago. It is well
figured in the Orchid Album, plate 122. The dorsal
sepal is greenish, shading to a white margin ; the
lateral sepals are veined, and purplish spotted. The
lip is broNvnish-purple ; flowers of large size.

Cypripedium priestans is a more recently intro-
duced species, from M. Linden, of Brussels, and
appears to be quite distinct. It was only very recently
certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society. It
has the peculiarly marked dorsal sepal of C. Iteviga-
tum, marked with blackish lines ; the lateral sepals
are long and twisted ; the slipper part is yellowish-

one plant there were thirty-six flowers, and eight or
ten flowers in one cluster. This species is not often
maintained in good health for a succession of years,
but it is not very difficult to gi-ow it, if it receives
right treatment. It requires to be kept dry at the
roots, and in a Cattleya-house temperature during
winter. When in growth during the summer mouths
it should be suspended near the glass in the warmest
house, and receive plenty of heat and moisture.

Dendrobium ciliatum is very pretty as a botanical
species. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine,
t. 5430, under the name of the Fringe-lipped Den-
drobium. The sepals and petals are greenish-yellow,
the fringed lip is yellow, with purple bars.

Vanda Ro.xburghii was very pretty, and is one of
our old garden favourites. It was introduced from

China in 1810, and has been figured in nearly all the
works on Orchids. The sepals and petals have a
pale greenish ground, marked with fine brownish
lines ; the lip is of a delicate bluish colour.

Aerides suavissinium is always in flower at this
time, and is very handsome indeed.

Catasetum Bungerothii has been quite recently
figured and described ; it was also in flower, and
has been so in other collections, so tliat we may
include this fine 9])ecies amongst the September and
October flowering Orchids. It is also of very free
growth.

Odontoglossum grande as seen here at present is a,
glorious species. The flowers of the largest size,
and seventeen of them on two spikes from one bulb.
There were ten flowers on one spike.

Lindley's Oncidium pulvinatum was very hand-
some. The'plants were furnished with long-branched
spikes of reddish-brown flowers.

Lycaste Skinneri alba is always valued ; a nice
plant had three flowers. Several species of Miltonias
made a distinct shade of colour — purple-maroon,
brown, and yellow.

In the cool-house a few pretty and distinct species
are in flower. Oncidium Limminghei is certainly one
of the most singular in this large genus. The ovate
leaves and small bulbs are attached firmly to the
block. The flowers are yellow, marked with brown
bars and spots. Masdevallia Carderi has small
creamy flowers, purple blotched. Many more species
might be enumerated such as Renanthera matutina,
which has been in flower for three months. Large
plants of Cujlogyne Massangeana are producing long
pendulous spikes : it is in flower all the year round ;
but enough has been said to show what a great
wealth of Orchid flowers are to be had at this season,
and many of them of quite recent introduction. J. D.

Oechids at Messrs, Backhouse's, York Nurseries.
There is promise of a very abundant blossom on
the large batch of Lailias in the long Mexican-house
at the above nurseries ; amongst others I noticed two
fine pieces of L. anceps alba, one with ten spikes
showing, and the other one twelve. Of the older
typical variety, viz., L. anceps, there are quantities
of large plants bristling with bloom-spikes. Lajlia
autumnalis and its several varieties were also show-
ing well. The main batch of this grand autumnal
flowering Orchid fills the portion of the central stage
in the above-mentioned house. When standing at
one end and looking at them, one might almost
imagine it a portion of recently cut-down Hazel
copse, with its one-year leafless growths, so thickly
studded with stout bloom-spikes are the plants.
Scattered amongst the various other houses I noticed
the following varieties in bloom ; — Fine plants of
Cattleya Sanderiana and Gaskelliana, Oncidium
Jonesianum, Dendrobium formosum giganteum,
Odontoglossums crispum and Harryanum, the latter
a most beautiful variety ; and Zygopetalum rostra-
tum. H. J. C, October, ISSV.

Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co.'s Nursery,

Salisbury.
This is one of the homes of floriculture, and during
the past few weeks (September) the Dahlias were to be
seen to great advantage. There was a splendid head
of bloom, for the plants were at the pink of perfection
— clean, vigorous, promising, needing only moist
sunny weather to bring out the flowers in their best
form. Despite an enormous amount of labour spent
on watering, the great heat of the weather and extreme
dryness of the atmosphere caused early development
and roughness in the blooms. There were great
breadths of show and fancy Dahlias, with the most
promising seedlings of last year undergoing the test
of another season's growth, and there were Cactus and
pompon varieties in great abundance ; also large
breadths of seedling, show, pompon, and Cactus
Dahlias, that were exceedingly interesting. Away
from these, at some distance, were the single Dahlias ;
they are best kept apart, or seedlings from the best
double varieties become much impregnated with
pollen, and many single forms come among them.

466

THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

[OcTOBEB 15, 1887.

This season the batch of seedling show and fancy
varieties sliowed hut very few single forms among
them.

Verbenas are a leading feature at the Salisbury
Nurseries. There are some who think that the diiy
of the Verbena is past ; but when Mr. W. II. Wil-
liams s.ays they get through 100,000 plants annually,
one doubts if the Verbena is just yet doomed to ex-
tinction. The visitor can in late summer see lines
of cold frames full of young struck cuttings. These
plants are mainly taken up by the trade in the
autumn; and during January and February thou-
sands of cuttings are struck for the spring trade.
The leading varieties for bedding purposes are —
Lustrous, a perfect beddcr, habit compact, very free,
colour rich scarlet-crimson, yellow eye; a good fair
or bad weather variety that can be depended upon.
Boule de Neige, .an old v.ariety, is still a capital
bedder ; and so is Old Purple King. Lady of Langley-
bury, a distinct striped sport from Purple King, is
still an excellent variety, having borne tlie test of
many years' culture ; Crimson King, rich crimson ;
Ethel Barnes, clear rosy scarlet, very good. All are
most desirable bedding varieties.

Among bedding zonal Pelargoniums Niphetos
must be mentioned as an excellent white ; capital
habit, good bold trusses of white flowers, thrown well
above the foliage ; and a capital companion to Henri
Jacoby. Florence Oldroyd, bright orange-scarlet, is
a fine bedder also. Close by was a capital dwarf
Troi>!eolura of the compactum type, named Smith's
Seedling, a good grower, and remarkably free and
continuous in bloom.

^lessrs. Keynes & Co. have long been famous for
their pot Vines. There were four large houses full
of them, the canes having made good growth and
ripened well — short-jointed wood, just such Vines as
gardeners love to plant. The leading sorts are grown
— Black Hamburgh largely.

Budded standard Briers have suffered greatly from
the drought, and this appears to be a universal expe-
rience. The drought set in so early that they were
unable to make fibrous roots, but after rain fell the
plague of decay may have become arrested, but it is
to be feared many are past recovery. The dwarf
Roses have suffered greatjy also from the drouglit,
while the standards are looking well.

Adiantum cuneatum is largely grown here, and
some very fine and vigorous specimens were to be
seen growing under the shade of the pot Vines.
There are also some showy beds of Gladioli, and
many other details of an interesting and instructive
character. .V.

Am.\ryllis.

Those who may not be quite certain as to the
method to pursue in resting these bulbs could not
do better than to pay a visit to Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons' nursery, Chelsea. They would there see many
thousands of bulbs of flowering age and under, being
rested in the most perfect manner. Many gi-owers
have hitherto been afraid to begin to withhold water
before the yellowness of decay is observed on the
leaves. This delay to withhold water is quite need-
less— indeed it is better in the first week in August
to commence the dry ri'tflnv;. By that time tlie
growth of the bulb is completed for the season,
and no more harm will arise by giving no water
than occurs to an Onion kept on a dry shelf for
five months.

The period during which the Amaryllis is kept
totally without water extends from the beginning
of August to the end of January, therefore about six
months. After two months drying off most of the
bulbs have now preserved tlie greater number of
their leaves, and which show no signs of wilting.
The treatment afforded approaches as nearly as
climate allows to the natural conditions of bulb life
at the Cape, and is entirely justified by the results
obtained.

To Kill GREENFLY.—Mix 2 pints of soft-so.ap
with an equal quantity of water, and with 1 pint of
kerosene: mix thorouglily ; then add 5 or G quarts of
water. Shake the mixture well, and use it with a
fine rose, or, better still, a spray-pump.

GERMINATION OF CUCUMBER

SEED.

I.v germination the plants under considoration all
provide themselves with a special structure, developed
when needed, to aid in removing the thick coats
which their seeds possess. As far as the writer is
.able to determine this contrivance was first described
by M. Flahault in 1877. This outgrowtli, which
developes while the seed is undergoing the process
of germination, was observed by Mr. Darwin in the
seedlings of the Egg Gourd (Cucurbita ovifera), and
receives treatment in his work on The Power of
Movciiieiit hi Plants. In germination the cucur-
bitaceous seed has its thick outer coat split at the
micropylar [or pointed] end, and the primary root is
forced out and downward. At the same time tliere
is a lateral growth of tissue forming a cellular lip, or
" peg," as Darwin calls it. This peg is located upon
the hypocotyl [stem of the seedling plant] at a point
where its lower surface, that is, the one toward the
root end of the seedling, is applied against the inner
surface of the inner coat.

The peg above described is found common to all
of the cultivated species of cucurbitaceous jilants
investigated. It varies in size and shape, but its
important characteristics are mnch the same. With
seeds like the Squash it is natural to expect th.at
this appendage would be larger than with the Cucum-
ber or the Gherkin. As before observed, its struc-
ture is entirely cellular; that is, no vessels or fibres
are formed to give it additional strength and per-
manence. It evidently has served its purpose when
the coats are removed from the seed-leaves, and no
indications have been found of any growth of the
peg after the cotyledons are free in the air. The
hairs quickly die away from the under surface, and
no instances of any semblance to roots have been
observed upon this temporary organ although roots
often start out from the main root close below it.

Extended experiments have been carried on to
determine, if possible, the most advantageous position
of the seed for the action of the peg and the removal
of the seed coats. Boxes filled with earth were sown
as follows : —Box A. — Pumpkin seeds. Row 1, seeds
with root end downward ; 2, root end upward ; 3,
root end downward with coats removed ; 4, root end
upwards and coats removed ; 5, edgewise, hilum
downward ; 6, edgewise and hilum upward ; 7, flat-
wise ; 8, flatwise and coats removed.

xV second similar box was sown in like manner
with Squash seeds. These sowings were repeated in
both cases, that the number of observations might be
increased. The most annoying fact obtained was
the poor quality of the seed. Only about half of
the seeds grew, even when the conditions seemed
most favourable. In .all cases when the coats were
removed from the seeds before sowing, no healthy
plants were produced. A single seed without coats
in one of the rows marked " seeds flatwise," grew,
and it is worthy of remark that a small peg was
found in its appropriate position, but of course it had
nothing to do! This may be taken as an instance
of t!ie guiding influence of inherited tendencies.
The best plants, judging from their size and vigour,
were in row " 7," where the seeds lay flatwise. After
these experiments were finished, others were made
with the seeds simply scattered upon the top of the
soil. In all cases where there was sufficient surface
moisture to the soil, as when kept damp by being
covered by a bell-jar resting on a plate containing
water, the seeds germinated quickly, and in every
instance the peg did its work perfectly, and in full
view of any observer. The hypocotyledonary loop,
instead of breaking the ground above it, simply lifted
itself into the air and drew the cotyledons free from
the seed-coats. The latter were held firmly in a
horizontal position by the lip: they were literally
pegged to the surface of the soil. It is probably true
that under the most favourable conditions of soil,
moisture, and warmth, the seeds of cucurbitaceous
plants would germinate the most rapidly when sown
flat upon the surface. This is the position that such
seeds would naturally take in being scattered upon

the soil. There are, however, of course, many
dsingers incident to such an exposure of the seeds,
such as graminivorous birds and other animals, &c.,
and the method, however advantageous under ideal
circumstances, might be far from practicable as con-
ditions naturally exist.

A position with the root end downward was quite
favourable for the development of the young stem,
but the seed leaves in many cases came above ground
with the coats still enclosing them, and as they had
no way of removing these hindrances to growth, such
plants either died or became much dwarfed. The
worst position of all is that with the root end
upward. This is more emphatically true if the
seeds are not deeply planted. In the experiments
the seeds thus placed were the first to make a show-
ing above the ground. The root tip came in sight,
and after growing into the air it either turned down-
ward and entered the soil or sent out laterals which
curved down and obtained a foothold in the earth.
The behaviour of these unfortunate seeds was both
amusing and painful. Seeds placed edgewise in the
earth were required to develope very wide pegs tliat
they might catch and hold the edges of both h.alve3
of the seed coats. In some cases the peg failed to
do its work, and the seed coats came to the surface
adhering to the cotyledons. It is easy to see how
such a contrivance would be at a great disadvantage.
It must serve as a wedge between the partly spread,
vertical halves of the seed coats, and at the s.ame
time be a means of holding back the coats. This
position of the seeds is far inferior to that in which
one flat face is upward and the other downward. An
early removal of the seed coats in a germinating
plantlet is of no small consequence, especially with
seeds so large as those under consideration.

There is a very practical bearing of these experi-
ments upon tlie work of seed sowing. It is a common
practice among gardeners and farmers to prepare the
"hills'" for the Melons, Squashes, and the members
of the Gourd family, and then with thumb and finger
to thrust the seeds either endwise or edgewise into the
soil. Should the seed be placed with the root-end
uppermost and close to the surface of the soil, there
is very little hope of a plant therefrom ever getting
a good start. Wlien the reverse is true, and the
root-end points directly downward, the plantlet
experiences great difliculty in developing a peg that
will remove the seed coats. It has also been shown
that seeds placed edgewise are not in a favourable
position for the peg to act. It needs to be very wide,
and then only the ends have an opportunity to hold
back the vertical edges of the two halves of the seed
co.ats. The conclusion is evident, that the best con-
ditions are secured when the seed is placed upon one
of its broad faces. This position is the one such
seeds would take when left to fall naturally upon a
level surface. Therefore, the " hills " could be pre-
pared in the ordinary way, the seeds sown upon the
levelled surface, and afterwards covered with the
required depth of soil. These conclusions are abun-
dantly sustained by actual tests in the garden. Byrou
J, Hahtcilj Iowa Agrieidtiiyal College, June 9.

ANTS AND THEIR WAYS.

I DO not know whether others have studied the
way a nest of ants is made aware that at a certain
place there is something good to eat. However this
may be the following observation may be of interest
to students of ant h.abits. I think a knowledge of
the ways of ants is valuable to horticulturists, and
therefore it may be of interest to these also. On
one occasion I killed a wasp— the small yellow wasp
that is so common in India. Soon after I observed
an ant moving about on the sill of a window. It
struck me as a good opportunity to observe what
steps this ant would take if brought in contact with
the dead wasp. I placed the wasp in the path of the
ant, and watched the result. The ant, on finding
the wasp, climbed over it and explored it thoroughly
n all directions. Having satisfied itself that this
was a good find it descended, and ran down the wall
of the window, and across a very rough grass mat
made of the Saccharum moonja (the moonj or

October 15, 18S7.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHEONICLE.

487

surput matting of India). It galloped across the
room over this rough surface as hard as it could go
in a particular direction, and disappeared under
the wooden sill of a door. I still watched
to see what would happen. Presently a long
string of ants in single file came out and
followed the exact course that the foraging
ant had taken. They crossed the mat in the same
course and went up the wall straight to the wasp. I
left them ia peace, and some time after I found only
the shell of the wasp; they had eaten up all its in-
terior, and returned home. It is evident that single
ants leave the nest, as scouts or explorers, on forag-
ing expeditions, and go to long distances. By some
scent, left on their course, they are able to retrace
their steps to their nest. The ants in the nest pro-
bably by some scent of the body found which the ex-
ploring ant brings with it, are made to understand,
that something good to eat has been found. Guided by
the exploring ant, or by the scent it may have left
in its track, the whole nest, or a portion of it, sallies
out, and goes straight to the find. If the body
found is easily dragged home, the column does so, in
procession, some preceding, some dragging, and
some following the treasure ; otherwise they set-to
and eat up what portions they can of the thing found
This trait in ants is most interesting. Solitary ants
are seen in all directions exploring and careering up
and down the stems and leaves of plants. If they
come across a flower with its nectar approachable,
that flower quickly becomes crowded with other ants.
Their feeling organs appear to be their antennae. As
they move about and explore, their antennai are
always very active, and projected before them. They
stop here and stop there, and move these sensitive
organs as if their whole attention were directed to
the impressions received by them, and it appears
they decide what course to take, according to the
impressions conducted by their antenmc. "When two
ants of the same kind going in opposite directions
meet, they never "cut" each other and pass on, but
invariably stop and have a chat, so to speak, and
communicate to each other the news. How they do
this exactly I cannot tell, nor can I tell exactly how
light communicates to our own brain the presence of
objects outside of us, and at a distance from us.
£■. Bonavia, M.D., July lo.

The Apiary.

DEATH TO WASPS AND OLD-FASHIONED
BEE-KEEPING.
I HAVE before mentioned " Death to Wasps," a
powder used for the destruction of these pests, but
since I wrote last I have been experimenting with
very successful results. Though the wasps begin to
die at once, it seems to me advisable to leave the
nests alone for a few days in order to make the ex-
tinction complete, and the operator can very well
afford to do this, as the wasps do not come out again
after the lapse of about twelve hours. About four-
teen days ago I managed to penetrate some distance
into a large wasp's nest, with a spoonful of this
powder and turned it over on the nest. After a little
more than a week the gardener dug out the nest, and
kept (as he thought) hauling out queens. For a few-
minutes I was deceived myself, but as the nest could
not be all queens, it seemed that the powder has the
effect ofmakingthe wasps swell to an enormous size. Of
course the result was total destruction. In another
case a poor old woman had a nest in the thatch of
her house, and could hardly get out of her back door
without being stung. The Rector of the place, at my
suggestion, put some of this powder as far as he
could into the thatch, and left it a few days. He and
I visited the cottage on October 1, and found no
signs of life, though we poked the nest vigorously
with a stick. I am more than pleased with the
results, because I had my doubts at first. This
Rector keeps bees on the old-fashioned system, but
with very successful results. There is little doubt
that bees kept on the modern system suffer much

from over-manipulation ; especially is this the case
when bees are prevented from swarming. The gen-
tleman referred to told me his method of procedure.
He keeps his first swarms to stand the winter " smart,"
and old stocks are taken for their honey. There is a
great amount of common sense in this proceeding. It
means that a constant and regular succession of young
queens are at the head of each hive, and these queens
are sure to be good, because they are raised under
tlie natural swarming impulse. Moreover, there is a
constant renewal of wax, and this is not at all com-
forting to the wax-moth. The reverend gentle-
man took us into his larder, and showed us
the honey. It was all that could be desired.
The honeycomb was very nice and white,
while the strained honey was very clear. The
method of straining seemed to us very good. A long
net with large meshes (made at home) was suspended
by string tied on pegs, and the comb was nicely cut
in pieces about the size of a small egg, put into this
net, and the honey allowed to drain itself off into a
pan below. Of course, small pieces of comb would
go through the net, but that does not matter. As
the honey got high in the pan below it was put into
convenient-sized vessels, and stowed on shelves. The
small pieces of comb rose to the surface, and formed
a thin cake at the top, which is rather beneficial than
otherwise, as it preserves the honey like tying it
down with parchment. The honey under was very
clear. Altogether, we thought that, though we
mostly practise the more modern system, old-
fashioned Wiltshire beekeeping is not to be laughed
at. Walter Chi^h/, Pews.!}j.

Fruit Register.

GRAPES— THE SALAMANCA.

The Grape referred to by your correspondent
" T. B., II Casone, Calle Latistte, Tuscany," at
p. 433, as the Salamanca, is no doubt the Pance
Jaune, which may be found described by Dr. Hogg,
in the Fruit Manual. It has been frequently intro-
duced to this country, and was grown and fruited
at Chiswick for many years. It produces large,
handsome berries — somewhat resembling green
Muscats — but it sets badly, and the quality is in-
ferior, possessing very little traces of Muscat flavour.
It is common in France under the name of Pause
Jaune or Grosse Pause, not Pance, as " T. B." 1ms it.
It is also frequently called Bicane, but erroneously
so. We should all be glad to hear more of the
"extraordinarily large Grape," named Giacomino,
mentioned by " T. B." What may the actual size be?
and would he kindly state whether the smaller
berries on] the bunch have any perfect seeds? I
remember seeing exhibited in Paris some years ago
a few bunches of Grapes with three or four very
large berries, and the others small, bearing tlie
characteristic name of La Poule et ses Petits. A, F. B.

Heavy Apples.
I have a specimen of the Apple. Gloria Mundi in
my fruit-room at the present time weighing
1 lb. 4 oz., and I have been told that a gardener in
the neighbourhood is in possession of one some
ounces heavier, the variety being Tower of Glamis.
J. C. Wcstbrook.

Plants and Their Culture.

Wintering of Greenhouse Plants. — In the winter
treatment of the section of hard-wooded greenhouse
plants it is essential to their welfare that the follow-
ing details receive attention : — In the first place,
all the light possible must be afforded, the house
containing them should, therefore, be light in con-
struction, and placed in an open position, while
the plants should be arranged upon stages near tlie
glass without being in any way crowded, and with
the more tender species iu the most favourable
places. Plenty of air siiuuld be admitted when-
ever it can be done without causing an in-

jurious draught, and particular attention should
be paid to this at the present time, and for
a few weeks to come, so that specimens recently
taken in from the open may not experience injury
by a sudden atmospheric change. Another point of
importance lies in maintaining low temperatures.
Ptrhaps more Heatiis, and other Cape and New
Holland plants, are irreparably damaged through the
injudicious employment of fire-heat through spells
of severe weatlier than from all other causes com-
bined. At no time should more artificial heat be
used than is necessary to expel excessive moisture
and preserve the plants from frost, but in ordinary
weather the majority of this class of plants may have
a night temperature ranging from 40° to 45° without
the assistance of fire-warmth. It is expedient to
keep young plants in small pots in a somewhat closer
atmosphere than is advisable forestablished specimens,
as their roots are liable to get parched when they are
subjected to an arid atmosphere, and for this
reason it is well to cover their stages with
damp shingle.

It is well known that these plants require to
be very carefully watered, a perfect knowledge, how-
ever, of their requirements in this respect can
only be acquired by painstaking observation. It
cannot be mastered by theory. Any plants affected
with brown scale or other insect should be thoroughly
cleansed while at rest by a sponging or brushing, or
by dipping in properly diluted insecticides; white
scale is difficult to eradicate, and iu some cases it is
better to destroy badly affected ])lants than to
attempt to clean them. Mildew, if it appears upon
Buch plants as Ericas, Boronias, &c., should be
kept under by dusting the plants with flowers
of sulphur. Attention can at any convenient time
in the winter be paid to the staking of any
plants that need it neat painted stakes should
be used, and as few in number as will support the
plant in proper shape. Agnostus sinuatus (Steno-
carpus Cunninghami) is a very desirable greenhouse
plant not frequently met with ; it has glossy orna^
mental foliage. I planted out in an intermediate-
house two young plants of it last spring, and so far
they appear to enjoy the warm temperature, having
made healthy growths, and one of the plants haa
produced several clusters of its peculiarly beautiful
blossoms, which break from the old wood, and from
a distance somewhat resemble those of the ScutU
caria Mocciniana. Thomas Coo/ulh-r, Hendre Gardens.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Easpberries. — The summer fruiting varieties
should now liave the old canes cut out, and at the
time of fastening up tlie canes many of those will
require to be replaced by fresh ones. When per-
forming the tying up select four or five of the
strongest of the new canes from each stool and tie,
the weaker canes being cut out. Any other canes
that have sprung up far away from the stools should
be dug up with care, to be used in forming new plan-
tations. On no account should the canes of the
Raspberry be shortened back at this time, this being
better deferred till late in tiie spring, for if done at
this season sharp frosts cause the canes to die back
some distance, and in hard winters kills them out-
right ; whereas if left entire the tips of the canes only
get injured, and which are pruned off at the proper
season. After the old canes and weeds are cleared
off, the soil between the'rows should be lightly turned
over with a fork to the depth of not more than
5 inches, turning in the old mulching, and removing
all suckers during tlie operation. In the early part
of the winter a heavy dressing of well rotted manure
or leaf-soil should be applied to the surface of the
soil between the rows. It is now a good time also
for forming new plantations after planting ; the canes
in this case would not require starting for the first
season, but should be simply tied together. The
canes should be planted carefully, getting the holes
out sufficiently wide to allow of the roots being
spread out before filling in and making the ground
firm by treading about the roots. E. Ward, Hcvjcll,
Broijifgrovi.

Agri and Horticultural Association.—

On the niglit of Monday, October 3, a seed ware-
house and premises of this Association in Creek
Road, Deptford, were burnt down. Arrangements
have been made for the continuance of business, by
transferring it to the Westminster premises during
the rebuilding.

468

THE GAUDENERS' chbonicle.

[OCTOBEE 15, 1887.

SUBSCBIBEBS TO
fTHE GAUDENERS' CHRONICLE
•*- who experience muj diffi-culty in oUai/iinr/
their Copies rei/uhirhj, are particularly rerjuested
to rommiiiuvate with the Publisher (in cases of
ilelaif in t/ic (ti-llrm/ hj post, the cover should be
forwarded with oimplaiiit ).

W. RICHARDS, 41, }\'ellin(/ton Street,
Strand, ii'.C.

GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.

NOTICE to Corrr^jMHidntt.^, Ailrrrtisers, Sub-
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NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
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be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DRURY LANE.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
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The Subscription to America, including Postage, is g-1.30 for
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■ Agent for America :— C. H. MAKOT, 814, Chestnut Street,
PhibiiU-ll.liia, U.S.A.. to whom American Orders may be sent.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SALES.

i Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
(Nursery Stoclt, at the Wimbledon
Nursery, by Protheroe & Morris
(two days).
; Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Estiiblished Orchids and Greenliou£e
I'lauts, at the Castle Nursery,
,vood, by Protlieroc &

WEDNESDAY, Oct. IS

1 Mo

I Greenhouse Plants, Lilies, and other
I Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
^ Rooms.

IDutcIi Bulbs and Imported and
Established Orchids, from Mr. P.
Sander, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutcli Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
Clearance Sale of Nursery Stock, at
Walham Green, hy Protheroe &
Morris.
Established Orchids, at Protheroe
Morris' Rooms.
ur.sery Stock, at Knockholt, Seven-
oaks, by Protheroe & Morris.

lEsta
-nNuri

I Dutch Bulbs, at Ste
22-' Dutch Bulbs, at I'rol
( Koums.

A DISEASK not at all unconuuon
Dib"a3e ^^ ^^^^ country, and which was

first described by Mr. Berkeley,
and sub.seqnently by Dr. Cooke and Mr. W. G.
Smitu, has been made the subject of an exhaus-
tive report in the last nitniber of the Kew
Bulletin, n. 10, 1887, by Mr. Arthur Shipley.

The Onion is, it appears, a staple crop in
the Bermudas, the Onions being marketed in
New York at a time when the corresponding
American produce has as yet scarcely shown
itself above ground. The seeds are obtained from
Teneriffe, so that Mr. Shiplfa' was commissioned
to proceed, in the first instance, to that island to
make enquiries as to the raising and harvesting
of the Onion seed, and subsequently to go
to Bermuda to overlook the growing crop and
suggest such means as he might think expedient
to mitigate the ravages of the disease. The
results are given in the Bulletin before us.

The cultivation of Onions in the Canary
Islands presents some features worthy of note,
such as the practice of cutting off the ends of
the leaves when the bulbs are transplanted. The
bulbs reserved for seed are replanted in jS ovember,
the bulbs themselves, before replanting, being
sliced off, by which means the number of flower-
heads arising from each bulb is increased — a prac-
tice very interesting botauically, but which we

could not recommend for adoption in this climate.
In the warmer regions of the Canary Islands the
result is the production of some ten flower-heads
from each bulb.

The young heads appear about fourteen days
after planting, and ripen in June to July, when
the planter gathers the heads and rubs out the
seed. Twenty Onions produce, on the average,
1 lb. of seed. The seed so obtained is packed in
air-tight tins in July, and sent to the Bermudas,
via Liverpool and New York. Great care is
taken to secure new seed, as the seed speedily
loses its vitality. In the Canary Islands it
appears that the Onions are affected by two
moulds — one, an Oidium, is not much heeded,
because it is superficial, and is kept in check by
sulphur ; the other is dreaded because it causes
the rotting of the bulb — a phenomenon not wit-
nessed in Bermuda, where the disease seems con-
fined to the leaves. In Bermuda Mr. Shipley
was enabled to study the disease more thoroughly.
It is caused by a fungus allied to that which
causes the Potato 'disease, and named Perono-
spora Schleideniana.

The first symptoms, or rather signs of the
disease consist in the appearance of a silvery-
white powder on the upper surface of the leaves,
which become resistent and hard. The leaves
maintain their ordinary erect position for some
time, but eventually the tops fall inwards, and
ultimately dry up. As soon as the fungus is well
established all growth in the bulb ceases, though
the bulb itself does not rot. Heavy dews, fol-
lowed by warm moist overcast weather, are pro-
pitious to the spread of the disease. Mr. Ship-
ley proceeds to indicate the microscopical struc-
ture of the Onion leaf, and the nature and mode
of growth of the fungus. The spores or repro-
ductive bodies sprout on the leaves, and thrust
their spore-tubes into the stomata or air-holes,
and thus gain access to the interior of the leaf.
Here they come in contact with the food-
stores laid up in the leaf, prey upon them
to the detriment of the Onion plant, thrix'e
in consequence, and presently send tubes out
through the stomata. The tubes thus exposed
to the air branch and produce spores, which
fall off, are dispersed by the million by the wind
or other agencies, fall on the uninfected Onion
leaves, and so the cycle begins again. In addition
to these spores which are enabled to germinate
at once, but which speedily dry up and lose
their vitality if they do not fall on suitable
places, provision is made for the formation of
" resting-spores," which are organised so as to
survive the winter and sprout in spring, when
circumstances become propitious. These resting-
spores are not, like the other spores previously
mentioned, mere subdivisions of the origi-
nal fungus-threads — mere buds in fact — but
are the result of the contact of a male " antheri-
dium " with a female " oogonium." The result
of the union is the formation of a thick-coated
spore, which is capable of resisting cold and
drought, and of germinating when the condi-
tions once more become fa\ourable. The old
Onion leaves are full of these resting-spores, so
that if the rotten leaves fall to the grouud, or are
ploughed or dug in, the soil becomes contami-
nated with these spores ready to attack the new
crop on the first occasion. All this is simple
enough, and quite in accordance with what is
known in many similar cases. No mention is
made of the occurrence of zoospores, which may
or may not exist.

There seems, says Mr, Shipley-, to be
some connection between the extensive use
of artificial manures and the origin and spread
of fungoid disease, both in the Onion and

in the Potato, This may be so, but it seems
to us a very hazardous statement to make
to practical men before we are absolutely
prepared to prove it. This is a matter for ex-
haustive inquiry and discussion among experts
before the results are made public to the undis-
criminating cultivators, otherwise much mischief
may unwittingly be done. Mr. Shipley', how-
ever, may have better and fuller reasons for his
statements than he has thought fit to mention.
We shall not attempt now to gainsay Mr. Ship-
LEi''s statement, but we do not think he should
have published them urhi et orbe till he was pre-
pared to prove them.

In considering the means to be adopted — 1,
to invigorate the Onion plant and to increase its
resisting powers ; 2, to prevent the recurrence of
the disease ; or, 3, to mitigate its effects when
fully developed— Mr. Shi pley points out that the
red varieties suffer less than the white ones, and
suggests that the Onions should be sown in
places where they obtain the morning sun and
are exposed to fresh breezes — never in hollows
or places where they are exposed to damp, and
are sheltered from wind and sun. Transplanting
is shown to be objectionable, as weakening the
plant and rendering it more liable to attack ;
hence the sowing of the seed by the drill at
regular intervals is commended, when the thinning
out and transplanting processes may be dispensed
with. Natural manure, especially when mixed
with seaweed, is recommended, not to cure the
disease, but simply to invigorate the plant. In
Bermuda farmyard manure is naturally scarce,
and artificial manures are more or less resorted
to. Sir. .Shipley does not specially allude to
manures containing sulphur, though on theo-
retical grounds sulpho-carbonate of potassium
would seem to be indicated. A\"hen the plants
are affected Mr. Shipley recommends that the
affected plants be burnt, which is excellent advice,
but which is just what our Potato growers will
not do — perhaps cannot do — but we say will not,
because they will not adopt any equi\'alent alter-
native, such as mixing with quicklime and bury-
ing at a great depth. The reason for this careless-
ness is to be found, of course, in the present
outlay, which the growers fear to incur, even
though they may be laying up for themselves
future loss or greater outlay. This sounds like
bad economy, but each must judge for himself
whether it be so, always bearing in mind that if
one elect to bear the loss himself he has no
right to infiict corresponding injury on his
neighbours.

Complete destruction is the remedy which
science prescribes as the one to be aimed at iirall
these oases. In practice it is either often not pos-
sible to carry it out, or it is economically not de-
sirable. Rotation of crops, deep trenching and
early sowing are also obvious suggestions. A weak
solution of sulphate of iron (green vitriol) — O'l per
cent, of the sulphate to 100 parts of water — is re-
commended to be added to farmyard manure as a
fungicide, or the seed may be steeped in a solu-
tion of the same strength. A like solution of
one-tenth per cent, may be used to the growing
plant without injury when applied in the form
of spray, which will destroy the fungus, and may
be useful as a manure. jV mixture of quicklime
and sulphur, such as the Kentish farmers use for
sulphuring Hops, may also be employed, but
obviously with less chance of success.

Mr. Shipley- mentions a 'second fungus —
Macrosporium parasiticura ; but as this is only a
consequence, so to speak, of the Peronospora, it
needs no special attention. Mr. .Shipley makes
no mention of the fmigus described by Mr. Ber-
keley in thesej columns under the_ name of

OCTOBEB 15, 1887.]

THE gaudeners' chronicle.

469

Fig. 96. — iDiANTUM feegcsoni. (see p. 470.)

470

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[OCTOBEE 15, 1887.

Vennicularia circinans (Septembei' 20, 1851),
nor of the Piiccinia which attacks Chives, as
recorded iu our columns by Mr. AA'. Phillips,
July 11, 1SS3 ; hence it is to be preiumed these
diseases are not prevalent in Bermuda. A good
account of these fnngi (including that which
formed the subject of Mr. Shipley's principal
research) is given in Mr. "W. G. Smithes Diseases
of Field awl Garden Crops. j\lr. Shipley's
essay may be commended for its clearness, while
the Kew authorities deserve the thanks of the
community for their efforts to diffuse sound
scieatic teaching on practical matters.

ADIANrUP/I FerGUSONI, Moore.— Tins singular
Fern (see fig. flii) was named after the late Mr.
Ferguson, of Culombo, Ceylon, who found it as a
chance seedling in his conservatory, and who sent it to
Kew in 1885. Considerable variety of opinion was
the result of the find, but the late Mr. Moore, while
declining to adopt any of these, thought the plant
showed aflinity to Adiantum Capillus-veneris, but
whether a hybrid, or the product of evolution, he
was not certain. Mr. J. G. B.^ker thinks it is
merely a giant form of Adiantum Capillus-veneris,
The plant at Kew, from which our figure was taken,
has stiffly erect fronds, 9 inches in length, ex-
clusive of the stipes, and about 7 inches in breadth
across the base. It makfs a veiy handsome specimen.
The unusual length of the pedicels gives the frond a
rather spare and optn appearance; and the leafy
portion sometimes runs together towards the end of
the pinna3, giving it a crested appearance. For a full
description of the plant, see Gardeners' Chronicle for
September 20, 1881.

The United Horticultural Provident
AND Benefit Society.— A dinner to celebrate
the twenty-first anniversary of this Society took
place at the Caledonian Hotel, Robert Street,
Adelphi, on Tuesday evening last, Mr. Habry J.
Veitch in the chair, supported by Jfessrs. X. Sher-
wood, G. De.\l. J. Laing, W. Roopell, F. A. Phill-
BRicK, Esq., Q.C., J. Weeks, &c.. there being also a
good attendance of members of the Society. An
excellent dessert was provided bj' gardeners, members
of tlie Society, and the tables were tastefully deco-
rated with plants furnished by Mr. J. Hudson, tlie
Treasurer, and by others. In proposing the toast of the
evening, " Success to the United Horticultural Provi-
dent and Benefit Society," the Chairman passed in
review the early history of the Society, showing that
in its early days it may be said to have passed through
a season of adversity, as for several years but
few persons joined it as members. This was doubt-
less owing to the fact that tlie rules of the Society
contained no ])rovision for spending income in giving
publicity to the Society, and the principles upon
which it is founded. Later on, and mainly through
the columns of the Journal of Horticulture, great
publicity was given, with the result that a consider-
able number of new members was added, and now
there are about 200, whereas there were scarcely
more than a hundred four years ago. The Chairman
then passed in review the principles upon which the
Society is founded, and showed how eminentl}' cal-
culated they are to encourage habits of thrift on the part
of young gardeners, and also showed that the advan-
tages offered by the Society were considerably better
than those offered by any benefit Society with which he
is acquainted. He also alluded to the sum of money
the committee have from time to time voted to the
provident fund for widows and orphans of deceased
members. lie was glad to notice a satisfactory
increase in the number of honorary members, and
trusted that those of the gentlemen wlio were present
that evening who were not honorary members of the
Society would that night give in their names as such.
He coupled with the toast the name of the Treasurer,
Mr. James Hddson. Mr. Hudson, in responding,
alluded to the fact that at one time, some years ago,
80 unpromising were the prospects of the Society
that it was seriously contemplated to terminate it.

Happily this danger was averted, and now a career
of prosperity had been entered upon that was so
satisfactory that he was able to report, as Treasurer,
that the sum of £3800 was now invested in .3 per
cent. Consols in the names of the Trustees of the
Society, and the death rate was a remarkable one, as
it amounted only to seven during the ye.ar. Other
toasts and speeches followed, including the health of
the Chairman ; and during the evening several gentle-
men Iiauded in their names as honorary members.

Reutlingen Pomological Institute.— With

tlie new course, beginning in October, this Institute
commences its twenty-eighth year of instruction. It
has hitherto been attended by 1488 students, who
are now liolding good appointments, and several have
talien high positions. Thorough and practical in-
struction is given in fruit growing, nursery manage-
ment, and horticulture, in conjunction with
suitable instruction of a general character ; so
that no difficulty is found in placing the youths,
at tlie end of their term in botanical gardens,
nurseries, and in private gardens, according to their
acquirements ; indeed, it frequently occurs thiit the
Institute cannot fill with its own students the appoint-
ments which are offered. Four hours every day are
devoted to theoretical instruction, three of which are
attended by the pupils in the fruit and nursery divisions,
and all four by the pupils of the higher school.
The rest of the time is spent in practical work, and
demonstrations. The means at the disposal of tlie
teaching staff consist of the nurseries, small fruit
quarters, the arboretum, the espalier garden, with
the large fruit-forcing houses, glass-houses, and hot-
beds, together with a herbarium rich in specimens ;
a fine library, diagrams, pictures, models of fruit,
and various apparatus.

StANGERI A. — In alluding, soon after his decease, to
tlie work of our late friend and colleague — Thosus
JIoore — we ventured to express the opinion that,
widely extended as his reputation was as a student of
Ferns, there was nothing which would give him so high
a rank in the estimation of posterity ashis discovery of
the nature of Stangeria when it was first introduced,
and before the fruits had proved the correctness of his
opinion that itwasaCycad — not a Fern. This is what
Professor WiLLiAMSON,of Manchester.says of this
plant : — " In Stangeria we have a still living plant in
which the stem of a Cycad bears fronds, the leaflets of
wliich retain the dichotomous venation of a true
Fern. The Stangeria has retained not onlv the
primitive exogenous stem of some ancestral type in
common with its other Cycadean relatives, but also
the peculiar Fern-like leaflets which may also have
come down to it from paleozoic times. Hence we
have here a combination of Fern-like features, and
of an exogenous mode of growth."

Peach-growing at^Woburn.— On the occa-
sion of a recent visit to Woburn Abbey we were
struck with the appearance of the trees in the Peach-
house, growing, some on the wall, others on the flat
trellis near the curvilinear roof. The trees were very
healthy, with abundance of foliage still on ; the crop
had been excellent, and some still remained. As the
young wood laid in appeared more abundant than
usual, we asked Mr. McKay to detail to us his
method of procedure. Tills he has kindly done in
the following terms : —

" Fifteen years since I removed all the old soil,
some of which had no doubt been there thirty years ;
4-inch drain-pipes were then laid 3 feet apart all
over the bottom, and 12 inches of brick rubble on the
top of them. The border was tlien filled up with
sods, 6 inches thick, of good sandy loam, the grassy
side downwards — no other ])reparation whatever was
added. Since then the borders have never been
touched beyond a depth of 4 inches, or just to
remove one or two forty-year-old trees, and replace
by young ones. In spring, after the usual prepara-
tion for work, we take off the old mulching, prick
the surface 3 inches deep, and replace 2 inches of
well-rotted stable-manure on the surface ; this is
well watered in. I might almost say no other kind of
manure is used, fur no more than a quarter of a hun-

dredweight of bone-dust altogether has been washed
in, in three houses, 100 feet long altogether. Generally
sjieaking, we lay in more young wood than is advo-
cated, 3 inches apart, sometimes thicker; by this
means and taking heavy crops of fi-uit oil', the wood
for the next season is much finer, and covered with
fruit-bearing buds. Now for the principal point for
next year's success. As soon as the crops are
cleared off, no matter when the season, the trees
are pruned almost to their winter thinness, another
slight mulching of rotten stable-manure is again
washed in ; this reinvigorates the trees, and plumps
out the buds : and red-spider, scale, and aphides
are zealously kept under. In September we usually
loosen the trees. This gives the young shoots plenty
of air all round, and no foliage is removed until
it is ripe enough to come away itself. In winter
pruning we never shorten a shoot, always keeping the
leading bud to take the lead. By this plan heavy crops
of fruit have alwavs been obtained without fail. A.
McKay."

The " Botanical Magazine."— The October
number contains coloured figures of the following
plant, with notes by the Editor, Sir J. I). Hookeb ; — •

Anemone Fanninii, Harvey, t. 6958. — A noble
hardy species, native of Natal, and figured in onr
columns, 1886, vol. xxv., p. 432.

Statice Suwarowi, Regel, t. 5959.— This is, as Sir
J. D. Hooker remarks, one of the most beautiful
hardy annuals introduced of late into cultivation.
Its long, terete, lilac spikes of flowers are very at-
tractive, while its peculiar habit gives it a special
value. Native of Western Turkestan.

Iris Sari ear. liirida, Boissier, t. 6960. — A very
handsome Iris, flowered in the Botanic Garden,
Cambridge, and allied to I. susiana, " falls " copi-
ously striped and spotted with claret-purple on a
whitish ground, and with scattered black hairs, inner
segments or " standards" erect, paler lilac, spotted.
Native of Asia Minor.

Primula sapphirina. Hook. f.. and Thorns., t. 6961.
— A very dwarf, tufted Primrose, with small, tufted,
oblong, coarsely toothed leaves and an erect scape,
1 — 2 inches high, with an umbel of small, reflexed,
violet flowers. Native of Sikkim Himalaya, at an
elevation of 13,000—15,000 feet.

Primula Seidii, Duthie, t. 6961 n. — A charming
and peculiar species, with oblong, toothed, viUose
leaves, and scapes bearing terminal umbels of pen-
dulous, somewhat globose, ivory-white flowers. See
Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. X.N.V., 1886, and vol. xxvi..
1886, p. 691, fig. 136.

Sendrobium sulcatum, Lindley, t. 6962. — A species
with erect, slender, knotted pseudobulbs, oblong-
ovate acute leaves, and crowded lateral racemes of
dull yellow flowers ; the li]) is spatulate, tapering to
a stalk, the surface covered with straggling hairs,
and with incurved margins.

"Bees and Bee-keeping" (by Frank R.

Cheshire: Part 12,vol. ii.) — We have before favourably
spoken of this work in these columns, and this
number is quite equal to the rest. It commences
with a plate and description of Neighbour's invertible
crate. The theory of extracting is next ex]jlained,
and then various good extractors are illustrated and
explained. Hooker's uncapping machine and Raitt's
honey press then come in for their share of publicity.
Doubling and storifying is fully explained, and the
number concludes with the commencement of
chapter 10, on wintering. The volume when com-
pleted will be a valuable addition to any bee-keeper's
library.

Winchester Horticultural Society. —

The fifth annual Ciirysantheraum show of the above
will be held in ^^'inchester on November 15 and 16,
on which occasion prizes to the value of £70 will be
awarded to the competitors in the various classes.

Plant Food. — We sympathise with Mr. Tonks,
iu his address to the Birmingham and Midland
Counties Gardeners' Mutual Improvement Associa-
tion, when he comments upon the little practical use
of many of our *' big shows " such as those of Potatos,
Apples, Pears, &c., although we must not ignore, as

October 15, 1887.1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

471

Mr. ToNKs seems to do, the excellent results which
have followed the recent Apple Congresses. Still
the value of these exhibitions is by no means pro-
portionate to the trouble and expense in-
volved in getting them up. The same money
bestowed upon tiie investigatin of the cliemistry and
physiology of vegetation, the history of insect and
fungus pests observed with reference to practical
needs, would be far more beneficial to horticulture
generally than the system now followed, though it
might not be so advantageous in the first instance to
trade-growers and prize-hunting gardeners. AVe
think. Mr. Toxks shows a tendency to push his
chemical theories in the wrong direction. Doubtless
we do want to know the chemical composition of the
soil, and the knowledge of the constitution of the
"ash " of plants is in its way valuable to us, but as
plant-growers we want to know what is done in and
by the living plant under varying conditions and at
varying stages of growth, rather than to be informed
what remains of it after cremation. For practical
purposes we consider well-devised practical experi-
ments in field and garden, aided by such knowledge
as the chemist and microscopist can give us, as more
important than laboratory experiments'and analyses.
So Mr. Toxks' advocacy of Ville's manure exposes
him to the same reproach that he bestows on others.
No doubt it is an excellent manure, but it is not ail
soils that require the addition of lime or even of
potash, and to add these ingredients where they are
not wanted is so much waste.

The Weather in London.— A sharp spell
of wintry weather for so early a period in October
has visited the country generally, and although the
metropolis has been spared the infliction of a heavy
fall of snow, such as has visited Scotland, Wales,
and [the north-western 'parts of England, a light
fall took place on Wednesday morning last, with
a slight frost ; and to-day (Thursday) the frost was
more severe, all tender plants outside being destroyed.

Vines. — By a curious coincidence M. Planchox's
Monograph of Vines 2l\\^ Mr. Barron's second edition
of his invaluable Vini's and Vine CuUiire were placed
on our table simultaneously. Botanists are sure to
refer to the first, while gardeners know that they
cannot dispense with the last. To both we must
refer on another occasion.

How TO Get Rid of Insects, &c, in
Seeds. — M. Carriere narrates in the Revue Horti-
cole the plan adopted by MM. Viljiorin of ridding
their seeds of any insects, maggots, grub, mite, or
other animals. The plan is in substance identical
with that employed by botanists in keeping their
herbaria free from insects. The plan consists simply
in placing fiat dishes with liquid sulphide of carbon
in a perfectly closed chest or structure of any kind,
together with the seeds. Three precautions must be
adopted : — 1st, not to allow a light to come near the
liquid, the vapour of which is extremely inflammable ;
2nd, to see that the receptacle, whatever it be, in
which the seeds are placed be as perfectly air-tight
as it is possible to be ; 3rd, to' place the evaporating
dishes with the liquid at the top of the receptacle
above the seeds, &c., because the vapour is heavier
than air, and consequently descends. The seeds
should be exposed to the gas for 24 — 48 hours ; no
injury whatever to the seeds so treated occurs. Of
course, the plan is equally efficacious in the case of
furs and other clothes affVcted v/ith moth. We have
not heard of its application to bulbs, but we should
strongly advise that trials be made of this substance
to rid bulbs of mites, &c. Properly used it is quite safe,
but careless workmen with pipes may do much harm,

MUSA EnSETE. — We learn that two plants of
the Abysinnian Banana are now in flower in the rich
gardens of Mr. Abraham Dixon, at Cherkley Court,
Leatherhead.

[Crystal Palace Show (Oct. G, 7. and 8).—

Owing to the fact that we liad to prepare the paper
before the awards were fully made known, the follow-
ing list of prize-winners must be added to those

already given. The special prizes by Messrs. Wm.
AVoOD & Son, Wood Green, London, N., for six
dishes of vegetables, viz : — The Silver Cup, 1st prize,
was won by Mr. E. J. Waite, gr. to the Hon. G. Tal-
bot, Esher ; the 2nd prize (a Silver Medal), went to
Mr. T. A. Beckett, Cole Hatch Farm, Penn, Bucks ;
and the 3rd prize (a piece of plate), to Mr. W. Mist,
Ightham, Kent.

Scotland.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIA-
TION.

A MEETING of this Socictv, a short notice of which
was given in our issue for October 8, took place on
the 4th inst, Mr. Alexander Milne, Vice-President, in
the ciiair. A paper on " Seeds and their Germina-
tion " was read by Mr. A. N. McAlpine. The struc-
ture and composition of a seed were described, and
likened to the egg of a bird, containing, as it did, an
ovary and albuminous matter to nourisli and aid in
the development of the ovary. The commercial
value of seed of any kind depended upon its purity
and weight and germinating power; tests, of which
there were many, had to be resorted to ; several were
described by the speaker. The conditions essential
to successful germination were fully discussed.
Uniform moisture in the seed-bed was one of the
most important conditions to the process of germina-
tion along with heat and air sufficient to stimulate
the vitality of the seed. Heat was required in vary-
ing degree by different kinds of seeds, and air by all.
Some discussion of the paper was entered into by
several members, the tone being appreciative of its
merits, and some slight allusion was made to the
importance of light, and the influence of coloured
light, on the germination of seeds — sunlight being
considered the best because the natural light. Mr.
McAlpine received the cordial thanks of the meeting
for his paper.

Among the exhibits on the table was a fine stand
of blooms of Chrysanthemums and single and pom-
pon Dahlias from Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons. The
Chrysanthemums were remarkable for size and finish.
The pompon Dahlias, a very varied lot, were much
admired. Messrs. Dicksons &; Co. exhibited some-
seedling single forms of Chrysanthemums of Ameri-
can origin. Mr. Smith, of Newry, Ireland, sent cut
flowers of herbaceous perennials, the most notable of
which was Linaria triornithophora. Mr. Rushton,
Corstorphine, ex'iibited a bloom of a pure white
single-flowered Chrysanthemum, named Mary Ander-
son, and the lovely large-flowered sort named La
Vierge ; both were greatly admired.

Trees and Shrubs.

ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA.
As these trees do not flourisli in all places, it may
interest readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle to know
how well they do in this locality. They were, I
believe, planted in the pleasure grounds at two differ-
ent periods, viz., in 1852 and 1857. Two of these,
planted in 1852, have never done well, being now
but 15 feet in height. With but one exception the
remainder of that batch vary in height from 35 to
43 feet. The one excepted lias completely outstripped
its comrades, the height of it being 48 feet, while the
girtli of the stem 3 feet up is 3 feet 5 inches. This
specimen, I regret to say, is irreparably damaged
owing to an outlet emptying the water from the
avenue for years into the place where it is planted,
causing the lower branches to die off for about 12 feet
up. The tree is now doing well since the water has
been carried in another direction. Several of the trees
are this year carrying seed-cones — a thing they have
never been known to do before. To my mind, how-
ever, those planted in 1867 are by far the most liand-
some trees. They are planted at the top of the bank
of one of the lakes, and are about 20 feet above the

water. Their heights range from 34 to 41 feet. The
bottom branches are gone for 2 feet from tlie ground
(that, however, is not visible owing to the drooping
habit the branches attain after a few years) ; from
that lieight to the summit tliey are perfect, having
never lost a branch. The tree 41 feet higli has a
girth of stem 1 foot up of 4 feet 2 inches, while the
circumference of the branches is 61 feet, and it is now
carryir.g 534 seed-cones. This tree, had cones in
186'J, but until now that was the only other occa-
sion of any Araucaria having cones here. They are
all planted in the natural soil, a shallow saudy
loam, subsoil sand and large sand-stones ; there is
not a particle of lime iu the soil here. Richard
Wcllcr, Glcnstal Castle Gardens, Limerick,

Hemlock Spruces.

Few trees are more beautiful than the various
Hemlock Spruces. Those who have visited Drop-
more will not forget the grace and beauty of A.
Brunonis ; but even the common Hemlock, A. cana-
densis, is remarkably beautiful. At Woburn Abbey,
Mr. McKay is making large use of it in shrubberies,
and in the background of drives, in place of the
common Laurel, which is apt to be injured by frost.
In the United States the wood of the Hemlock is not
highly spoken of, but it is available for ordinary
purposes. The American woodmen recognise two
varieties — red and wliite — produced apparently under
the same conditions of growth. The bark is largely
used in tanning leather.

All tlie species of Hemlock Spruce have been
figured in these columns at various times.

"THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE."

(■Continued from p. 431.;
On Saturday, January 2, 1841, the first number of
the Gardeners' Chronicle was issued ; the horticul-
tural part edited by Dr. Lindley. It combined the
functions of a general newspaper and matters relating
to horticulture, and in 1844 an agricultural section
was added. Illustrations were few and far between.
Since then gardening has edged out the other
departments, and illustrations have become abun-
dant. I cannot say anything more about it in
this place, yet I would call attention to the most
interesting paper on orchidaceous epiphytes, by
Mr. J. Bateman, beginning on p. 195. His-
torically this is of the greatest value. Loudon's
Gardeners' Ma(/a::ine ceased in 1843, simultaneously
with his death. In 1845 the United Gardeners'
and Land Stewards' Journal was started under
the editorship of R. Marnock. In form it is very
similar to the Gardeners' Chronicle of the same date,
and, what looks very much as though it was intended
as an inducement to purchasers, is the statement on
the heading of each number that the profits were to
be devoted to the relief of aged and indigent gar-
deners and farm bailiffs, their widows and orphans.
This promise seems to have been withdrawn in 1850,
and the latest volume I have seen is dated 1851.

In January, 1850, appeared the first number of the
Gardeners' Mac/asinc of Botany, Horticulture, and
Floriculture, conducted by Thomas Moore and Wil-
liam P. Ayres, and intended by its promoters to take
the place of Paxton's Magazine of Botany. The
illustrations are good, and the letterpress equally so ;
yet it only reached three volumes, and was to have
been replaced by a cheaper publication called the
Companion to the Flower Garden; but I doubt
whether this plan was realised.* Paxton's Flower
Garden, by Paxton and, Lindley, was also launched
in 1850, and doubtless proved a formidable rival to
Moore's Magazine of Botany. This also is a quarto,
and only reached three volumes, containing 108
excellent coloured plates by L. Coustans, and 314
effective woodcuts.t The Cottage Gardener was
founded by George Johnson, the author of the

• Since the above was written, Mr. W. E. Gumbleton has
kindly informed me, through tlie Gardeners' Chronicle, that
one volume, and one only, waa published, and that in 1852.

t A second edition of this, published in 18S0, should not be
confused with the original issue.

45'2

THE GAFDE NEBS' CIIBONICLE.

[October 15, 1887.

Histon/ of Gardening, in 1848, and is still continued
under the title of the Journal of HortinUturc ; and the
Gardeners' Magazine, edited by Shirley Hibberd, fol-
lowed in 1853. During the troublous period embrac-
ing the Russian War and the Indian Mutiny, literary
enterprise was smothered ; but the late Mr. Noel
Humphreys commenced a Gedlerg of Exotic Flowers
in 1855, of which, however, only one part of four
plates appeared. In 1861 the Floral Magazine was
started, with Thomas Moore as editor, and W. H.
Fitch as artist, and, with various changes of editor
and artist, it was continued down to 1881, and con-
tains upwards of 1000 fine quarto plates of garden
plants. Orchids becoming more and more a specialty,
Warner commenced tiie publication of his Select
Orchidaceous Plants in 1862, Bateman his Mono-
graph of the Genus Odontoglossum in 1864, and
these have been succeded by various expensive
publications of the same class, both at home and
abroad.

There now remain for notice the works bearing
on horticulture of the late Sir William Hooker, but
I can do little more than name them. Firstly, there
are the various Journals, which, although they have
botanical titles, contain an immense amount of
information interesting to the horticulturist. Con-
sequent on the similarity of the titles of the different
series they are often confounded by writers who are
unaware of the existence of several different ones
bearing similar titles, and I therefore give them
more in detail than would otherwise be necessary.
They begin with the Botanical Miscellany, containing
figures and descriptions of such plants as recommend
themselves by their novelty, rarity, or history, &c. ;
three volumes, 18.30—1833. with 112 plain and forty-
one coloured plates. Next comes the Journal of
Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Mis-
cellany; four volumes, 1834 — 1842. with a varying
number of plates, partly plain and partly coloured,
in the dift'erent volumes. This was followed by the
London Journal of Botany, consisting of seven
volumes, dating from 1.844 — 1848. with about twenty-
four plates in each volume. The Companion to the
Botanical Magazine, two volumes, 1835 — 1836, has
already been mentioned. The last of the series is
the Journal cf Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany.
nine volumes. 1840 — 18.i7. Among Hooker's other
works specially interesting to horticulturists are
several illustrating Ferns, as the Filices Exotica; . . .
cultivated at Kew, 1850, a hundred coloured plates :
A Century of Ferns, 1854, a hundred coloured plates ;
a second Century of Ferns, parts 1 and 2, 1860, fifty
plates; British Ferns, 1801, sixty-six coloured plates;
Garden Ferns, 1862, sixty-four coloured plates. In
1846 he published A Century of Orchidaceous Plants,
selected from Curtis' Botanical Magazine ; and
Bateman commenced a second Century from the same
source in 1864. W. H. Fitch was the artist of nearly
all the plates in these publications.

I have already alluded to Sir Joseph Hooker's
labours in connection with horticulture when speak-
ing of the introduction of the Himalayan Rhododen-
drons. During the latter half of this long period —
that is to say, from 1844 onwards — he made some
very important contributions to botanical literature,
and at the same time, one might say, to a knowledge
of plants desirable for cultivation either on account
of their beauty or their utility. He was naturalist to
Sir .Tames Ross's Antarctic Expedition, and the
result was six quarto volumes on the flora of the
Southern Hemisphere, with numerous coloured illus-
trations by W. II. Fitch. First came the Flora
Antarctica, two volumes, 1844—1847, with 198 plates ;
then the Flora of New Zealand, two volumes, 1852 —
1855, with 130 plates ; followed by the Flora of Tas-
mania, two volumes, 1855—1860, with 200 plates.
Sir Joseph Hooker's subsequent travels in India,
where he formed, in conjunction with Dr. Thompson,
perhaps the largest herbarium ever made on any
single expedition, were equally productive. Besides
the magnificently illustrated work on Hitnalayan
Bhododendrons, which was published from 1841)—
1851, he was the author, and Fitch the artist, of the
equally splendid Illustrations of Himalayan Plants,
selected from the drawings of the deceased J, F.

Cathcart. This appeared in 1855, and contains
wenty-four large folio plates. It would be beyond
the scope of this sketch to give particulars of Sir
Joseph Hooker's numerous other works.

It was not my intention to say anything about
foreign illustrated botanical serials ; but there is
one point in connection with some of them that
deserves recording here. In 1845 the Flore des Scn-cs
et dcs Jardins ilc I'Europe was founded at Ghent, and
the early volumes consist very largely of copies of
the plates published in the Botanical Maqazinc,
Botanical liegister. Hooker's Himalayan Bhododen-
drons, and other English works. In 1851 Lemaire,
one of the original editors of the Flore des Serres,
started the Jardin Fleuriste, the plates of which, to
an even greater extent, are reproductions from the
Botanical Magazine,

Here I must conclude the third period, with the
consciousness that I have left many things unnoticed
that merited attention equally with many of those I
have mentioned. W. B. Hemsley.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

CATTLEYA WAGENERI.
A SPECIES discovered in Caraccas at an altitude of
4000 feet by Herr Wagener. The individual flowers
are 7 inches across, sepals and petals pure white,
lip also white stained in the upper part and throat
with rich yellow, and prettily lobed and frilled at
the edge. Flowers in May and June. Like others
of the Mossire section, it enjoys full exposure to the
light, perfect drainage, and a moderate supply of
water, which should be given just at the time when
it is beneficial to them, [and at such times only.
Orchid Alljum, t. 295.

Vanda Amesiana.
A dwarf-growing evergreen. East Indian species.
Leaves strap-shaped, grooved on the upper side, gra-
dually tapering to a fine point. Flower-spikes erect,
bearing numerous delicately-coloured and very fra-
grant flowers. Sepals and petals of about the same
size, flat and spreading, white with a suffused blush,
lip deep rose, margined with pale rose. Flowers in
May and June. The plant requires to be grown near
the glass, but shaded from strong sun — good drainage
is essential, In winter very little water is necessary ;
but the moss surrounding the roots should not be
allowed to become dry. A high but not extreme
temperature is required. Orchid Album, t. 296.

OdONTOOLOSSDJI LDTEO-PUHPCmEDM^SCEPTRUM.

A variety first discovered by Wallis in 1868 grow-
ing on trees on the central Cordilleras of New
Grenada. It is a compact evergreen, with light
green leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, acuminate,
toothed or undulate at the edges, deep chestnut-
brown, margined with yellow. Pet.als broader than
the sepals, irreguliirly lobed at the edges, yellow,
blotched as in the sepals ; lip yellow, having a
curved blotch of chestnut-brown in front of the disc.
It blooms during ^lay and .Tune, and requires the
same treatment as 0. crispum and other New Gren-
adan kinds. Orchid Allnwi, t. 294.

AiiKiDEs CKisPDM Wakseki, Williams.
This is an evergreen, erect in growth, bearing dark
green leaves, which are ascending not horizontal, as
in A. crispum ; from 5 to 6 inches in length and
about 2 inches in breadth, the stem and bases of
the leaves being purplish-black. It is a prolific
bloomer, and the large flowers are deliciously fragrant ;
indeed, it possesses every good quality to be desired
in a plant. The sepals and petals are white flushed
with rose, the lip deep rosy-purple. The flowers are
produced in May and June, and it continues in
beauty three or four weeks. Mr. Williams considers
the high temperature in which these plants are
usually grown to be unnecessary, a temperature of
55° to 60° by night in winter being sufiicient.
Aerides grow during the .autumn mouths, and even

during winter they are seldom quite dormant, and
as soon as growth ceases the flower-spikes begin to
push up from the axils of the leaves. They enjoy
copious supplies of water during the summer season,
and in winter just sufficient to keep the leaves fresh
and plump. Full exposure to diffused light is requisite,
with perfect drainage. Orchid Album, t. 293.

Cattleya Loddigesii.
In the crush with its larger and more showy rivals
this species has been puslied aside, and now lives in
comparative obscurity ; yet it possesses a delicate
beauty of its own which some would prefer even to
that of the Trianajand Mendelii gi'oup. The flowers
measure 3^ inches across, and are of a pale flesh
colour, with the lip still paler and marked with
yellow. This plant comes from Brazil, and was
introduced over seventy years ago. It thrives under
the usual Cattleya treatment, and the freedom with
which it produces its flowers, together with the long
period they remain in perfection, make it a most
desirable species. W. B.

The Orchid Houses.

■Vanbas which have lost their bottom foliage and
require setting down lower in their pots should be
attended to as soon as they have produced sufiicient
roots from the stem. The East Indian-house will
suit such plants until they become re-established ;
it will be necessary to shade them on bright days for
a short time yet. When potting Vandas we use
plenty of drainage. First place .an inverted pot as
large as convenient inside the other, then insert the
plant, and fill in about the roots with rather large
crocks until the pot is full, then cover with sphagnum,
whicjj should be raised at the centre.

Every collection should contain several plants of
the pretty Cattleya Bowringiana; it has a rather
miniature flower, but the (piantity borne on one spike
will compensate for any deficiency in size ; fourteen
flowers is the greatest number which we have had on
one pseudobulb at present, but strong plants will no
doubt produce more. It is very easy to establish,
being a free grower, and the fact of its flowering in
autumn adds to its value.

Pleione lagenaria that were placed in a cool house
in the beginning of August are now opening their
flowers in .an intermediate-house, to which they have
been removed. In order to increase this Orchid
bulbs must be strongly grown, so that they will
produce two growths to each.

Sobralias will now be making new roots from the
young growths. Any pot-bound ]>lants can be placed
in larger pots, nearly half filled with drainage, over
which is a good layer of sphagnum. This Orchid
will grow very well if potted in three parts fibrous
peat (in lumps) and one part lumps of light loam, or
sphagnum may be used in place of the loam. I have
found Sobralias keep in a more healthy condition
when grown in the cool-house during summer, but
they must be in a warmer temperature now.

Masdevallias that have foliage similar to M.
chimiera should have a little warmer temperature
than the cool-house during winter, and if the Mas-
devallia-house is often down to 45° there are a few
others snch as M. tovarensis, M. ionocharis, which
had better be in warmer quarters.

Among Odontoglossums requiring intermediate
treatment during winter are 0. Kr;imeri, O. Warsce-
wiczii, O. nffivium majus, O. blandum, O.grande, and
O. Insleayi ; while O.'nebulosum, 0. CErstedii, and 0.
cirrosum, should be placed at the warmest end of
the cool-house.

In dull, foggy weather condensed moisture will
sometimes remain on the foliage of the inmates of
the cool-house from one day to another, and this I
think causes the leaves of Odontoglossums and
Masdevallias to fall off prematurely ; when this is the
case turn on a little fire-heat, at the same time
giving air, this will soon dry the plants. The fol-
lowing temperatures will be safe now ; — Phalainopsis,
70° to 76° by dav, 65° to 70° at night; East Indian,
68° to 73° by day, 63° to 68° by night ; Cattleya-
house, 65° to 70° by day, 00° to 05° at night ; cool-
houses, 55° to 60° by day, 50° to 55° at night.

As a sudden fall in the outside tem])erature may
be expected at any time during the night, it is safer,
on mild evenings to keep nearer the higher figure,
but that should not be exceeded. The day tem-
peratures may be allowed to rise with sun-heat
several degrees above that given. C. Woolford,
Downside, Lcuthcrhead,

OcTonEtt I'l, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEIiS' CHRONICLE.

473

Forestry.

LornxG Field TnEES.— This is one of the most
fatal mistakes in what is called tlie art of forestry,
and I am sorry to see that it has extended to places
where there can be no sort of apology for its adoption.
In the counties adjoining here, where there arc large
breadtlis of arable land, there may be some sort of
excuse framed for such a practice ; but the other day,
when travelling in Wales, I saw some fine Elms
standing in pasture fields from which numbers of
large limbs had recently been cut. In most parts
of the Principality there is none too much of
this kind of timber, therefore, simply from the
picturesque point of view, it is much to be
regretted that what there is should be so dis-
figured. This, however, is a matter of sentiment,
and merely noticed in passing. The chief point
to which I desire to direct attention is the efiect
which the pernicious practice has upon the timber
itself. There are, I know, certain foresters who
pin their faith to the use of the axe as an aid to
timber cultivation and who assume that good timber
is only to be produced by the assiduous removal of
branches. Nothing I can say will be strong enough
to condemn such a notion. If a tree does not naturally
grow long and clear in the bole, nothing that a
forester can do will make it so. The sine qua non in
growing good timber is the clearness of gi-ain and
perfect freedom from knots. If this quality is not
inherent to the tree no forester's tool will make it so.
I gi-ant that much will depend upon the distance
apart at wliich the trees stand, and upon other surrond-
ing conditions, but no good whatever will come of the
attempt to remove branches when they have once
grown. I believe I have had as manv opportunities
ol seeing our home-grown timber cut up as the bulk
of those who are interested in the forestry question ;
at any rate, I have seen the contents of many
thousands of almost every kind of timber tree, and
grown under all sorts of conditions, and the outcome
of my observations is, that wherever the axe has been
.allowed free scope, mischief more or less serious has
resulted, according to the siie of the branches when
they were removed. As a rule, the continual cutting
.away of small branches — and when the operation is
once commenced It must be followed— does not pro-
duce any serious unsoundness, but fills the bole with
such a number of knots, that it is quite useless for
the best purposes. Directly the buyer sees a lot of
timber of this class he is sure to di-scount it by about
a third, as, although the bulk of it can be turned to
account, it is necessarily at a lower price.

Cutting away large limbs affects the sale of a tree
in a difierent way, but quite as' detrimentally. In
trees thus treated a portion of the timber is gene-
rally very good, and the other portion very bad ; in
some cases the mutilation results in complete rotten-
ness, tainting the wood for many feet from the
original wound ; in others it m.ay remain practically
sound.^ This it is obvious the buyer has to risk, and
the price is reduced to leave a margin to cover the
cliance of loss. Witli the same classes of trees
allowed to grow on without lopping, none of these
contingencies has to be reckoned upon, conse-
quently the highest possible price is realised. If the
shade is too dense, or for any other reason the
branches are in the way, it is infinitely better to
remove a tree altogether than to allow it to be muti-
lated by lopping. D. J. I", Li/ncham, Wilts.

MR. GEORGE JOHNSTON,
GLAMIS CASTLE.
■We learn with regret, from the Dundee Adixrtisei;
October 4, of the death of Mr. George Johnston,
Head Gardener at Glamis Castle, which took place
in the Edinburgh Infirmary, on Friday, Sept. 30. Mr.
Johnston had not been in bis usual health for more
than twelve months. On Dr. Wedderburn's advice he
proceeded to Edinburgh Infirmary on Wednesday,
Sept. 2.8, and his sudden demise created much sur-
prise among his friends. Deceased came from Castle
Kennedy (where he served under the late Jtr.'Fowler)
to Glamis Castle in 1866, and he had, therefore, been
in Lord Strathmore's service for twenty-one years.
At the time of his .arrival at Glamis his Lordship
was making arrangements for the formation of flower
gardens, as well as extensive additions to the lawn
and shrubberies. This work was entrusted to Mr.
Johnston, and it is generally admitted that the

gardens of Glamis Castle are surpassed by very few
in the kingdom. But it was as a 'Vine grower Mr.
Johnston earned his fame.

He had been an exhibitor of fruit since 1868, and
won over £300 in prizes at the various Inter-
national and other shows. He had been called
the " prince of Grape growers," and at the In-
ternational Exhibition at Belfast a number of
years ago he gained a splendid cup, which
adorned the table of many dinner parties at
Glamis. At the first international show in Dundee
he beat all comers with his splendid display of fruit,
and at the second International he was only a point
or two behind the 1st prizeman. At the Edinburgh
shows he was a frequent exhibitor, and generally
carried off the principal prizes for fruit. Lord
Strathmore, who had a great regard for him. often
spoke of deceased as " My friend Johnston." Mr.
Johnston, speaking of tlie Earl's kindness in a short
sketch to the Gardenri-s' Chronicle some years ago,
said : — "Few men, I believe, at my age have had a

better opportunity of achieving success, seeing I have
had the oversight from beginning to end of the for-
mation of a first-class gai'den establishment, and that
I have had every encouragement from my em-
ployers, who, in their love of gardening, their know-
ledge of the art, and their kind consideration for
those in their employment, are certainly unsur-
passed." Deceased was fifty years of age, and has
left a widow and five of a family, for whom much
sympathy is expressed.

For a more detailed account of Johnston's life we
must refer our readers to our issue for February 20,
1875, p. 239.

MAKING VINE BORDERS AND

PLANTING VINES.
Where new borders have to be made in old viner-
ies, the first thing that has to be done is to remove
the soil composing the old border, and the drainage
underneath, and then, unless the subsoil of the
border consists of stone or chalk, it will be necessary
to lay in the bottom 6 inches thick of concrete, com-
posed of five parts of gravel to one of stone-lime well
mixed, with a series of gutter-bricks set in cement

placed at the base of the front retaining wall, with
sufficient fall to carry superfluous water into the
main dr.ain connected with the internal water-tanks,
&c, ; then lay on the concrete floor 6 inches thick of
brickbats, broken r.ather fine, on the top, for drain-
age, afterwards covering the same with turves, grass-
side down. If the brickbats cannot be so easily pro-
cured as rough stones, the latter, by covering them
with a sufficient thickness of coarse giavel to fill the
chinks, will answer the same purpose.

Soil for the Border.— The most suitable compost for
the growth of 'Vines is a good fibry loam, such as the
top 3 inches of a sheep or deer park, or a down which
has been grazed by sheep. To every five cartloads
of this soil should be added one load of lime or
mortar rubble, one load of horse-droppings, one load
of wood-ashes, 3 or 4 cwt. of Thomson's "Vine and
])lant manure, and an ordinary-sized garden-barrow-
ful of fresh soot. Turn the whole over twice before
wheeling it on to'the borderwhen dry. Supposing that
space is provided for both an inside and an outside
border, and that the front wall of the vinery is built
on arches, so that when the inside border is filled
with roots the latter can push freely into the then
freshly-made outside one. The border should be
made in sections 0 feet wide from the front wall, the
arches and sides being built up of turves, and suffi-
ciently high to allow for the loosely thrown together
soil subsiding 6 or 7 inches within as many weeks
from the time of making it. The border should,
therefore, be made the number of inches indicated
above the top of the arches supporting the front wall,
whence it should slope towards the pathway. H. W,
Ward.

Home Correspondence.

CACTUS AND DECORATIVE DAHLIAS.— A some-
what large collection of these was produced at the
meeting^ of the Koyal Horticultural Society at
South Kensington on the 13th of September, and it
may be said that it was representative of the leading
varieties in cultivation. Coarse and ugly as not
a few of them are as soon as the flowers attain
to maturity, they are still popular, and, it is said, ia,
great demand. Whether the rage for them will be
permanent remains to be seen ; but it ought to be
stated th.at the exiiibition of flower alone affords no
criterion by which to judge of the habit of growth ;
and not a few of the named varieties at present cul-
tivated are tall and ungainly in character, and hide.
their flowers too much among the foliage. Of those,,
shown at South Kensington mention may be made
of the following: — Frincess, crimson centre, the.
florets forming the base of the flower bright pale,
purple, but they show the green eye in the centre,,
which is very objectionable ; William Raynor, brighf;.
salmon-pink, the centre tinted with pale orange, dis-
tinct and striking ; Empress of India, shaded crimson
with maroon centre, a flne bold flower — the habit of
growth of this variety is medium, and it throwa.
its flowers well above the foliage ; Mrs. Hawkins,
bluish-white, primrose centre, the basal petals tinted
with lilac-purple ; Cocliineal, crimson, with slightly
dark shading, broad fiat petals, and good form ;
Zulu, crimson-maroon, with black centre, fine broad
petals ; Charming Bride, pearly-white, tipped with
rose ; Lady E. Dyke, bright yellow ; Lady Brassey,
bright reddish-scarlet ; Lady M. Morsham, bright
salmon-buff; Prince of Wales, rich orange-red ;
Lady Thomson, cerise-scarlet and purple; and
W. T. Obery, the petals bright pale red. with
a band of white running down the centre of
each. One thing is quite certain — that if the
raisers of Cactus and decorative Dahlias con-
tinue to proceed along the present line of work
they will find themselves producing larger and more
double flowers, answering to the show Dahlias of the
present time. Why, of the present race of show and
fancy Dahlias there are dozens far more deserving of
being called decorative Dahlias than most of those
seen at South Kensington on the 13th ult. They
are of sturdy, erect, dwarf, free growth, throwing
their flowers well above the foliage, and displaying
them to the best advantage. If the plants are not
thinned out nor disbudded, nor treated to copious
doses of manure-water, nor watered well overhead
at times, nor the flowers shaded, as when required
for exhibition; but if they are treated exactly as

474

THE GJUDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 15, 1887.

the decorative Dahlias, so-called, are, they will be
found to produce enormous quantities of blossoms
that will delight all who cultivate them. But these
deserving subjects are passed by in favour of Cactus
types of questionable value and service. And what
new form of the Cactus Dalilia can compare, after
all, for startling character, for novelty, for striking
colour with the type Juarezi ? There is a marked
peculiarity about its curious petals, rolled over on
either side so as to form nearly half of a tube. Of
all the seedlings raised from it during the last
four years does any one present to notice such
remarkable individuality of character ? All the
improved forms of it are more or less flat-petalled,
and those which most resembled it are, after all, not
sufficiently distinct from it to be of value ; and in
the way of decorative Dahlias what can compare
with the pretty, varied, distinct, free-flowering, and
good-habited pompon or bouquet varieties ? No race of
Dahlias can possibly do better service in the garden
as decorative agents ; no group of single Dahlias can
compare with them for cutting purposes ; they are
so generous in the profusion of bloom that their
resources appear almost inexhaustible, and it is
pleasant to note that the more recent new varieties
are small-sized, compact in form, and symmetrical
in shape. They supply all the colours found in the
Cactus Dahlias, and their attractive blossoms can be
ussd in many ways within-doors, when the larger and
lumpish decorative Dahlias will be found unsuitable.
But there are such things as "fads " in floriculture,
and one of the prevailing "fads" is the Cactus
Dahlia. It will be found a short-lived one, and the
varieties of this type will soon toUow the single types
into comparative obscurity. B. S.

POTATO PRODUCTIVENESS.— Reading so much
about jirolific Potatos of late, I have been led to
relate the productiveness of a single tuber, which will
excel both the Jubilee trial under the old Apple
trees, and Friesland Beauty, mentioned in a former
issue. I possessed one tuber : the other was sent to a
gentleman residing in Dorsetshire. My tuber pro-
duced 36 lb., some weighing over a pound. The
Dorset tuber produced 129 lb., which I consider an
extraordinary crop, from a single Potato. The
original tuber would weigh about 2 lb. It is a
Canadian variety, of excellent quality. I may state
that ours was planted in a very unfavourable position,
under a large Elm tree, or it might have turned
out much better; however, I am satisfied with the
produce, and shall say it is a Jubilee production.
J. C. Wcstbrook.

LIUIUM SPECIOSUM ALBUM VERNUM.— There is
not the slightest doubt that the early white form of
Lilium speciosum, as alluded to on p. .311, is one of
the most distinct of this section, and has certainly
nothing whatever to do with Kraetzeri. First of all,
it flowers at least three weeks before Kraetzeri com-
mences, although it may still bloom with Kraetzeri.
It varies only slightly, and is very robust. The bulbs
introduced about eight years ago produce still the
same perfect flowers ; while Lilium Kraetzeri, under
bad cultivation, degenerates and assumes such pecu-
liar shapes, and has that reddish tint, else even
Lilium Kraetzeri seems to vary very little. Dr.
Wallace classifies the Lilium speciosum, those with
green stems, under the head of roseura, and the
others— far more common forms, with purplish stems
— under rubrum. We should have to call our form
L. speciosum roseum album in order to distinguisli
it from the Dutch album, with purplish stems and
purplish-tinted segments; but I am not sure if, after
all, the Tname album verum is so very confusing,
provided it is only applied to this plant. Cr. li.

A GARDENER'S GRIEVANCES.— I happen to be
located in a place where conservative principles are
carried to great lengths ; the glass structures, with
one or two exceptions, were built to please the whim
of a great-great-grandfather of the present occupier,
and had it not been for the enormous quantity of
timber of whicli tliey are constructed would long ago
have fallen into ruins, as the case of one house
testifies, which had not been constructed of timber of
the dimensions of 18 inches by 9 inches. The old
style of ventilation is still preserved — that of sliding
sashes ; the heating is by means of flues ; glazing is
of squares of glass 3 inches by 6J^ inches, and laps of
1 inch or 1^ inch. In such ill-adapted structures I
am required to grow plants, fruits, vegetables, and
flowers as good as my neighbours who have
all the modem appliances, and everything re-
quisite to carry on good culture. Tanks for water
are not to be found in these old dilapidated
houses, the mode being to carry by hand the re-

quired water from a stream of very hard water some
distance away, having often in winter to break the
ice before getting the water, and frequently in sum-
mer finding the stream run dry, when I have to get
water where I can. And thus it goes on from year to
year, in order to uphold these grand old principles
of conservatism, and preserve these relatively ancient
relics of a long-departed system of horticulture. T.
[We publish the above lament to show there are still
some gardens left in this country that have been
passed over in tlie march of improvement, and where
the gardener is unfairly handicapped with ill-con-
structed houses, and a want of proper appliances. Ed.]

GRAPES AND PEACHES IN HOUSES AGAINST WEST
WALLS. — In reply to the editorial question at the
foot of my note (p. 4-14), " Does it militate against
good Grape growing to keep vineries open till late in
the afternoon ? " ray answer is, not in the least,
provided external warmth necessitates its being done ;
and a moderate circulation of warm air throughout
the night is decidedly beneficial during the gi'owing
season. The inconvenience I referred to being
caused from houses with a western aspect having to
be left open until late in the evening (after 7 r.sr.),
was not intended to be associated with the well or
adverse doing of Vines or their crops, but applies
to the man in charge of the houses being kept l.ate in
the day before he can complete his work. Where
the m.an, as here, lives at hand, this matter is not of
material significance, but in some cases it would give
trouble sufiicient to be an objection to the erection
of vineries facing the west. T. C,

CLEANING TOMATO SEED. — It being always a
rather difficult matter to separate Tomato seed from
tlie surrounding jnilp, I tried the following plan : —
The fruits are cut in half, and the seed squeezed or
pricked out witli as little pnlp as possible, and the
whole put into a small muslin bag and rubbed well
between the hands under water, when much of the
pulp will come through the muslin, and what remains
can be separated by washing in water, the pulp
coming to the top, where it must be passed off; the
seed will tlien be found perfectly clean. The fruit
must be quite ripe. A Foreman.

TOMATOS UNDER GLASS AT THE CHISWICK
GARDENS.— The trial of Tomatos grown in pots
under glass which Mr. Barron carried out this se.ison
was a successful one in every way, not only in
enabling those interested in the m.atter to discover
some of the best forms for indoor work, but the trial
also served two other useful purposes — that of
enabling a particular variety to be seen to tlie best
advantage, and of ascertaining what claim many
reputed new varieties had to the credit of being novel
and distinct. As many as eighty-seven varieties
were tested : they were grown in lO-inch pots, and,
as a rule, each plant was allowed to carry six bunches
of fruit. This afforded a good test of productiveness.
An examination of the different varieties led to the
conclusion that some of the newer sorts show a
marked improvement in size, symmetry, and fertility,
and the best of the collection will be found in the
following list :— Large Smooth Bed (Farquhar), like
Hathaway 's Excelsior— a very prolific and excellent
variety for house culture. Acme, dull red in colour,
very fine and handsome fruit, and highly prolific. An
unnamed variety from Messrs. Watkins & Simpson,
red, not very large, but singularly productive — eight
fruit in a cluster : a first-rate variety to cultivate for
plenty. Another was sent by the same firm, very
large indeed, of a deep rosy-crimson colour, very fine
indeed. Veitch's Perfection or Livingstone, very
fine red colour, large, handsome, borne in large
clusters, a good bearer. President Cleveland, large
and liandsome scarlet fruit, not particularly free, but
flesh very tender, and an excellent table variety.
Sutton's Perfection is like President Cleveland, large,
very handsome and deep coloured. The Mikado,
very large, dull red, fruit borne in large clusters, not
handsome, but a very prolific variety. Trophy is a
large and liandsome red sort, the fruit borne in good
clusters. Nisbet's Victoria appears to be the ordinary
Pear-shaped Tomato. Hepper's Goliath is very large
and uglv ; King Humbert is the same as Chiswick
lied ; the Pomegranate is of the style of Acme,
fruit of good size and handsome in shape ;
Webb's Jubilee appeared to be the same as
Hathaway's Excelsior ; Reading Perfection produces
large and handsome fruit, and appears to be identical
with Sutton's Perfection ; and it may be remarked
there is a great family resemblance among all bear-
ing the name of Perfection. Lastly, Horsford's Pre-
lude, from Messrs. Horsford & Prifigle, is of a deep

crimson colour, the fruit medium-sized and bright
in colour, a free setter, the fruit borne in large
clusters. Of the yellow or golden varieties the fol-
lowing are the best : — Golden Queen, a very line
golden-skinned variety, which was certificated two
years ago. Prince of Orange, a large and handsome
tender variety, with a clear orange skin ; Carter's
Blenheim Orange, a very distinct and free variety, of
the colour of an Apricot, large fruit. White Apple,
transparent yellow, small fruit, borne in clusters —
very distinct ; and Green Gage, also a distinct
variety. X.

MARVEL OF PERU. — The subject of this note does
not appear to be n,;arly so much grown as it deserves
to be, and I think enough cultural attention is not
given to render the plant attractive as a bed or border
subject. We .sow the seed about the middle of March,
the pots being placed in a forcing-house and covered
over with a piece of tile ; in a few days they make
their appearance, the tile being at once removed and the
pots placed in a light position near the glass to prevent
drawing. As soon as ready to handle the plants are
pricked out into 60's, or a size larger according to
strength, placed in the same temperature giving a dew-
ing over with a fine rose after warm days. Under this
treatment tlie plants will soon be ready for their final
potting, which should be into 5-inch pots well drained,
using leaves instead of moss on the top of the crocks —
a soil that is of medium texture, and a good sprinkling
of well decayed manure. It is desirable tliey should be
placed in the same position for a few days to give
them a start, afterwards removing them to a cooler
position, such as a shelf in the greenhouse near the
glass. The object is to harden them off' gradually, so
as to be ready to plant out by tlie first or second
week in June. They should have the shelter of a
cold frame previous to planting out with the sashes
drawn ofli'on fine days. A bed should be specially pre-
pared for them, composed of some turfy loam and
well decayed manure (it is desirable that the ground
should be deeply dug) ; to give them justice they
should be planted 2 feet apart. We have them at the
present time 3 feet across, and fully 2 feet high, full
of flower, and they have been so since the latter
end of July. I may say that they have only been
once watered during the season, which says a good
deal in their favour. The plant has the peculiarity
of showing its beauty more conspicuously in the
morning or at night after a sunny day. Those who
want a nice showy bed should give this old-
fashioned plant a trial, and if the summer be fine and
warm they will be rewarded for their labour. The
roots of the Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa) may
be taken up and stored in the same manner as Dahlias,
Lobelia cardinalis, &c. J. C. Wcstbrook.

Fruits Under Glass.

Melons. — To ripen ilelons satisfactorily in October,
November, and December there should be provided
suitable houses in which to grow them ; and these
should have a good supply of hot-water pipes for top
and bottom-heat at command, togetlier with a liberal
supply of fuel with which to maintain a niglit tempe-
rature of from 65° to 70° (according as the weather
is cold or mild), and 70° to 75° by day, running it
up 10° with sun-heat, having a little air on at the
same time. Moisture must be distributed very
sparingly in the houses, supplying only sufficient to
promote a genial atmosphere, and to counteract the
otherwise parching infiuence of the highly-heated
pipes during the time the plants are swelling their
fruits, especially in the mornings and afternoons of
bright sunny days ; but as soon as the fruits approach
maturity moisture in every shape should be with-
held, and the house be ventilated more freely than
before during favourable weatlier to give flavour and
colour to the fruits.

Pines: Fruiting Plants. — A night temperature of
70° should be kept up in houses in which the plants
are swelling their fruits, giving 75° by day with fire-
heat, and 85° with sun-heat, air being given at the
time. Damp tlie walls and floor of the house sliglitly
morning and afternoon on bright days with water at
a temperature of 85°. Examine the soil every week
to ascertain the condition of the plants at the roots,
and should it be moderately dry give sufficient tepid
liquid manure to moisten the entire ball of earth and
roots, allowing it to attain to a like stage of dryness
before repeating the application, over-watering being
an evil to be avoided in most cases, hut particularly
so in Pine culture, and especially at this [time of

October 15, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

475

rear; for if the soil becomes sloppy, the roots
will perish, thereby cutting off sustaining com-
munication betu'ceu the soil and the plants,
with the result that as the supply of food stored
up in the stem and leaves of the plants is
exhausted the fruit will cease to swell, and the stem
supporting the fruit and through which tlie food
necessary to the proper development of the latter is
conveyed, will become dried up and discoloured
inside from its base to the point of contact with the
crown. Hence it is in connection with a prevailing low
and over-humidatmospherictemperature being kept up
in the house that Pine-apples become black in the
centre. Successional plants should be kept on the
dry side at the roots for the next ten or eleven weeks,
and should have a night temperature of from 55° to
60° during that time, and 10° more by day, with
fire-heat, running it up to 75"^ with sun-heat, a free
circulation of fresh air being admitted at the same time.
Sucker plants may be kept a little warmer and
raoister at the roots than what is recommended for
succession plants. H. W. Ward, Longford CasUe.

DROPPP]RS."

Some short time siuce we were favoured by Dr.
Lowe, with a liandful of Scilla bulbs presenting a
rather unusual appearance. Originally, as we were
told, they were of a whitish colour, but from exposure
to the light they had assumed a deep purple tinge.
This .appearance is closely similar to that with
which Tulip growers are familiar as " droppers." The
explanation of the fact is iis follows. In the " axil "
of some of the scales of the bulb, that is, in the angle
between the scale and the bulb itself, nestles a small
liud. This is the ordinary st.ate of things. Now let
us suppose one of these bud-scales or leaves as they
are in reality, to gi'ow down into the soil as a root
does, and to carry the bud with it in its downward
course, then we should have such an appearance as
is shown in our illustration (fig. 98).

The difficulty is to explain how or why this down-
ward growth is manifested, and why only occcasion-
ally ? although the advantage to the plant of this
operation may be readily ascertained. It would have
the effect of protecting the bulbs against frost or
marauding animals, it might secure a period of rest
to the bulb. It has been suggested that the down-
ward growth was a consequence of a larger supply of
moisture at lower levels beneath the surface. The
fact offers also one explanation of the circumstance
that in the wild state one may in one year find
abundance of these plants, while in another year none
may be visible. They are not absent, but buried
beneath the soil more deeply than usual — " resting "
in the gardener's phrase, but really consolidating
their energies for more vigorous growth in the future.
Dr. Lowe has since sent us some similar bulbs of a
species of Ornithogalum.

PoUett, .T. Dominv, A. F. Lendy, J. O'Brien, E.
Hills, H. Turner, and W. Goldring.

Tlie new Cattleya porpliyrophlebia, described in
our columns, was shown by ^Ir. Ballantine, gr.. The
Dell, Egham. The plant shown possessed a twin-
flowered spike. Mr. Salter, gr.. Selborne, Leighara
Park Koad, Streatham, exhibited Southgate's variety
of Aerides Lawrenceanum, a handsome flower-spike
with widely placed flowers on a long spike ; these,
which are not scented, are white, with petals and
sepals tipped with purple ; the lip is of a shade of
green, and throat and column of purple colour. A
handsome Oncidium with brown flowers slightly
lighted up with yellow, came from the same ex-
hibitor. Several species of Cypripedium came from
the garden of F. G. Tautz, Esq., Hammersmith. C.
Harrisianum superbura is a bold large flower of a
red-brown colour, strikingly varnished. C. Eairrie-
anura is a much smaller flower ; the plant possessed
three open flowers, and is of weak growth as seen —
the dorsal petal is greenish-white, striped heavily
and reticulated at the apex with purple colour ; the
sepals and petals are greenish-white with some few
lines of purple partially distributed over them ; the
petals curiously recurved ; the lip is compressed at the
sides, and is greenish-brown.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, exhibited the
JIaranta-like plant, Phrynium variegatum, with

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

OcTOBEK 11. — At this meeting held in tlie con-
servatory at South Kensington, and at which scarcely
an " outsider " was visible the whole day, an interest-
ing, if small, collection of plants, cut flowers, fruit,
and vegetables was brought together — the latter in
response to offers of special prizes by Messrs. Sutton
& Sons, Carter & Co., and Webb & Sons.

The exhibition of Pears and Apples by Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, was of much merit. These
fruits were tlie produce of the Fulham and Langley
Nurserv, and were clean in the rind generally, and
of full si/.e.

The vegetables exhibited by gardeners — certainly
not new to this kind of " sport "' — were of great
merit, very good being the various Leeks, Cauli-
flowers, Onions, and Carrots.

An interesting exhibit in grafted Grape Vines was
a point made much of by the amateurs and gardeners
present.

Floral Committee.

Present : G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.K.S., in the chair ;
and Messrs. H. Bennett, J. Douglas, J. Eraser, G. Duf-
fleld, H. Herbst, T. H. Lowe, J. Walker, J. Hudson,
W. Holmes, R. Dean, C. Noble, C. Piicher, H. M.

sagittate leaves set at an obtuse angle on erect foot-
stalks, the colour of both being white and green,
running longitudinally in broad lines or flakes :
many of the firm's fine seedling tender Khododen-
drons, which possess six and seven petals instead of
the usual five of the older race of flowers : this im-
provement gives more roundness in the flower,
and the truss appears better furnished ; the colours
were rich and varied. Begonia John Heale, and a
plant of Impatiens Sultani variegata, were shown.
(A Bronze Banksian Jledal.)

Some good plants of HedychiumGardnerianum, in
fine bloom, came from the Society's gardens.

A few blooms of Oycnoches chlorochilum were
shown by Jlr. Sh-irp, gr. to A. Carter, Esq., Prior-
wood, Melrose, N.B.

A white Chrysanthemum was shown by Jlessrs.
Peed & Son, Roupell Park Nurseries, but it was not
considered to be any improvement on Mdlle. Lacroix.

Mr. W. Holmes, Hiickney, exhibited Chrysanthe-
mum L'Africaine, a bright crimson with yellow
centre florets ; it may be classed with reflxed Japan-
ese ; others less distinct were likewise shown from
this nursery.

Forty-eight very fine blooms of Chrysanthemum
Mdlle Lacroix, and a new variety (Japanese), raised
by M. Delaux, and named W. Cobbett, were
shown by Mr. G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Put-
ney. The latter is a fine-tasselled, pink-coloured

flower, with centre florets of a yellow colour. Other
novelties in Chrysanthemums were shown by Mr.
Stevens, some of which may be heard of again when
in better condition.

A curious Tritoma, named Metschi, a garden
hybrid, came from Mr. T. S. Ware's nursery, the
flower really commencing contrariwise to flower from
the apex of the flower-sjdke instead of from below.
Several Neriues and some cut flowers of Stokesia
cyanea were shown b)' this exhibitor.

The very beautiful blue Phaceliacampanularia, an
annual of a colour so rare, and therefore desirable
amongst flowers of autumn, was shown by Mr. R,
Dean. Ranelagh Road, Ealing.

Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, exhibited a
number of small plants of a white Begonia Octavie,
a variety that tells well in a mass, as shown.

First-class Certificates.
To Cypripedium Harrisianum superbum, from

F. G. Tautz, Esq.

To Chrysanthemum (Japanese) William Cobbett,
from Jlr. G. Stevens.

To Chrysanthemum (.Japanese) L'Africaine, from
Mr. W. Holmes.

Truit Committee.

Present: T.F. Rivers, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs.
J. Lee, W. Paul, T. B. Haywood, A. H. Pearson,

G. T. Miles, T. J. Saltmarsh, G. Norman, J. Wood-
bridge, F. Rutland, H. J. Veitch, J. Burnett, P.
Crowley, G. Bunyard, R, D. Blackmore, and J. Fitt.

Several pot Vines were shown by Mr. Roupell,
Harvey Lodge, Tulse Hill, to show the effect of scion
on stock in one case, and in others to afford evidence
that a great weight of first-class fruit can be grown
for successive years on a pot-gi'own plant. This
last-named was a Muscat of Alexandria carrying
eight bunches equalling as many pounds in weight.
The graited Vine — a Duke of Buccleuch grafted on
White Frontignan — had produced fruit on a current
year's lateral ; thus, if the phenomenon prove con-
stant, showing an improvement in that direction
(the Duke being an accredited shy bearer), and
also in having its young wood perfectly ripened
and less gross than it is often seen. The state of
the wood may be due merely to the Vine being
grown in a pot, and thei'efore well in hand. The cut
bunches of Madresfield Court and Muscat of Alex-
andria were the perfection of flavour, colour, and size
of berries ; the former variety was not from pot Vines.

From Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, came a
collection of eighty-five varieties of Pears and 120
of Apples^ including most of the best and popular
amongst these fruits. We believe that this fine lot of
fruit was the produce of young bushes — pyramids and
cordons ; in fact, the sale stock of the nurseries.
(A Bronze Banksian Medal.)

Seedling Apples were shown by Mr. T. Bates,
Kelserton, Flintshire ; and a variety of Apples and
Pears from Messrs. Johnson & Son, Boston.

A red seedling Plum, resembling a small Denyer's
Victoria, but late, was shown by Mr. W. Divers,
Werton, Maidstone ; its value as a kitchen fruit
lies in its heavy cropping qualities and its lateness.

Mr. R. Smith, Yalding, exhibited well kept and
ripened fruits of Peach Princess of Wales from the
open wall, and Brunswick Figs from standard trees,
these being ripe, if not appetising looking.

Mr. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, ,
exhibited a box of Diirfeldt's models of Apples and
Pears. These were of astonishing accuracy, and were
by most persons taken to be real fruits. The " Obst
Cabinet," of which these formed a portion, is of
German origin, and is intended to give valuable
information to farmers and country folk generally,
through horticultural, fruit societies, clubs, &c.,
respecting the best varieties and kinds of fruit to
grow for home or foreign consumption. The models,
together with their names, and all desirable informa-
tion respecting fruit culture, will thus be brought
under the notice of those most interested in it. The
textual parts are issued in occasional numbers, and
are to be had of Herr Diirfeldt, Obernhau, Saxony.

A Melon from the Soudan, but grown here, was
shown by Mr. T. Perry, " Ye Okie Lodge," Southall ;
it is useless as an edible fruit in this country.

A valuable addition to our dessert Apples, especi-
ally for market purposes, was shown by Mr. Gascoyne,
Maidstone, in Gascoyne's Seedling, a pyramidal large
sized fruit, light green on the shaded side and bright
crimson on the sunny one : the flesh is white, flrm,
but not hard, sweet, juicy, and with a pleasant aroma
like that of Ribston Pippin. The variety has hitherto

476

TBE CrABDEKEBS' CIIBONIGLE.

[OCTODEE 15, 1887.

been in the hands of Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., of
Maidstone.

Special Pkizes.

Offered by Jlessrs. Sutton & Sons, for collection of
Vegetables.— 1st, Mr. W. Pojie, gr., Highclere Castle,
Newbiuy; 2nd, Mr. C. J. ^Yaite, gr., Glenhurst,
Esher; 3rd, Mr. S. Haines, gr., Colesliill House,
Highworth ; 4tb, Mr. A. Waleiman, gr., Preston
Hall, Aylesford ; otii, Mr. T. Wilkins, gr., Inwood
House, Blandford.

For Bean Sutton's Scarlet Kunner. — 1st Mi-. P.
Lye, gr., Sydmonton Court, Newbury ; 2nd, Jlr. W.
Palmer, gr., Thames Ditton House, Thames Ditton ;
3rd, Mr. C. J. Waite, Esher; 4th, Mr. W. Popp,
Newbury.

Offered by Messrs "Webb & Sons, for Onion Webb's
Improved Banbury.— 1st, Mr. E. S. Wiles, gr.. Edge-
cote, Banbury ; 2nd, Mr. T. A. Beckett, Cole Hatch
Farm, Amersham ; 3rd, Mr. W. Pope, Newbury.

Offered by Messrs. James Carter & Co., for Onion
Carter's White Emperor.— 3rd, Mr. F. W. Edg-
combe.

For Bean Carter's Champion Round.— 1st, Mr. J.
Bunting, gr., Haltwhite's Hill, Enfield ; 2nd, Mr. C.
J. Waite, Esher ; 3rd, Mr. P. Cornish, gr.. Shrubbery,
Enfield.

First-class Certificates.

To Apjjle Bismarck, from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons.

To Apple Gascoyne's Scarlet Seedling, from Mr.
Gasgoyne.

CdLTDEAL CojniENDATIO.V.

For Muscat Grapes grown in pots, from W.
lloupell, Esq.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM.

A .MKETiNG of the Floral Committee of this body
took place at the Eoyal Arpiarium on Wednesday,
the Pith inst., E. Sanderson, Esq., presiding. There
was a good attendance of members. At eacli
meeting of this body prizes arr offered consisting of
tlie Silver and Bronze Medals of tne Society for the
best twelve blooms of new Chrysanthemums, in-
cluding pompons. On tliis occasions two stands
were furnished— one by Mr. Geo. Stevens, St. John's
Nursery, Putney, the other by Mr. Robert Owen,
Floral Nursery, Jlaidenhead. The Silver Medal was
awarded to the former who had a stand of twelve
good blooms of October Chrysanthemums, viz., Feu
de Bengale. orange-brown and crimson ; William
Cobbett, rosy-salmon or fawn centre paling off to
blush — a distinct and very promising variety; C.
Wagstaft", white ; Ormonde, pale golden-yellow,
style of Agrements de la Nature, the exterior petals
hanging down almost perpendicularly, like those of
Fabien de Moder.anaz ; Macbeth, golden-yellew, of
the Fulton type, but likely to come larger in size than
this variety ; Rose Stevens, white centre, tipped at
the points of the florets with bright jjurple ; James
Stevens, the colour of Feu de Bengale, the exterior
petals reflexed, the centre ones incurved ; O. J.
Quintas, a broad-petalled pink flower, shaded with
purple, in the way of Nympli ; Mons. Carnet, a
reflexed buff and orange variety; Mavtinas, also a
reflexed variety, jiale rosy-pink, small and narrow
petalled; Romeo, bright maroon, flushed with
crimson ; and Elsie, a delicate sulphur reflexed
flower, that will, no doubt, be seen in fine form
during the season. Mr. Owen's stand was dis-
qualified, through containing a flower sent out pre-
vious to November 30, namely, Mons' W. Holmes,
a bright chestnut-crimson reflexed variety. He
also had Lincoln's Inn., a kind of orange-ochre
colour, distinct in colour but showy, and small in
flower; E. G. Henderson, clear gold : M. Chretien,
rosy purple; Romeo, Feu de Bengale, and Mr.
Burrill, a pale primrose sport from Madame C.
Desgranges. Mr. Owen also showed some blooms of
Lincoln's Inn, which was regarded as a good October
decorative variety : he also had fine cut blooms of
double and single Begonias, and a vote of thanks was
awarded to him. A vote of thanks was awarded to
Mr, William Holmes, Frjimpton Park Nursery,
Hackney, for blooms of O. J. Buintas, Romeo,
L'Africaine, and Mdlle, Lacroix. A First-class
Certificate of Merit was awarded to Mr. G. Stevens,
for William Cobliett, which is likely to make a fine
and distinct show flower ; he .also exhibited for
Certificates blooms of Ormonde, C. Wagstaff, Feu de
Bengale, Rose Stevens, Elsie, and Martinas. Messrs.
Henry Cannell & Sons, nurserymen, Swanley, had
Japanese Chrj'santhemura Samuel Henshaw, like
Mons. Freeman, the guard petals bright purple, the

incurved centre petals having a delicate silvery
reverse; Li-Ti Lucion, orange and dark crimson, in
the way of Red Dr.agon, but not so bright ; and
Souvenir de Madame Blandenert, a Japanese
Anemone-flowered, tlie ray petals rosy-purple, but
witli a poor quilled centre. Messrs. H. Cannell &
Sons also had a fine pbant of their double white Begonia
Octavie ; and cut blooms of very fine single and
double varieties. A vote of tlianlis was .awarded to
Mr. G. Stevens for a stand of twelve lilooms of Chry-
santhemums, and one of twelve fine blooms of Mdlle.

CBYPTOGAMIC SOCIBXY OF
SCOTLAND.

This Society held its thirteenth annual Conference
at Greenock on the 4th, 5th, and tith inst., under
the presidency of the Rev. Hugh Macmillan, D.D.,
L.L.D., whose admirable inaugural address will long
be cherislied in the memory of those who were privi-
leged to listen to it. Various papers of great interest
to specialists were communicated. The Society
received considerable additions to its membership.
Excursions were made to Bute and Ardgowan, where
the members were welcomed and hospitably enter-
tained by the Marquis of Bute .and by Sir Michael
and Lady Octavia Shaw Stewart. The larger fungi
were not so abundant as they had been a fortnight
previously, but a sufficient supply was forthcoming
for the public exhibition which was held under the
auspices of the Society. The exhibition was an
attractive one, and the thanks of the Society are due
to all who kindly interested themselves in securing
its success. The large hall of the Watt Institute
was filled with cryptogamic plants. The centre tables
were covered with fungi, and adorned with potted
Ferns, while the walls and side-tables were devoted
to beautifully mounted collections of Ferns, mosses,
and seaweeds. Space was devoted to a scientific
arrangement of fungi, and to collections of edible and
poisonous species, which attracted considerable atten-
tion. A glass case contained fine specimens of
Agaricus campestris and its varieties, sent from the
Mushroom beds in the old Scotland Street railway
tunnel at Edinburgh. These beds are now supplying
a large quantity of Mushrooms for the market. No
artificial heat is required for their production, the
atmosphere of the tunnel maintaining an uniform
temperature of 50° Fahr. The weather throughout
was singularly propitious for the rainy West of Scot-
land, enabling the members to enjoy the exquisite
scenery of its sea-lochs and moutains. The Society
will hold its next annual conference at Inverarv.
J. S.

LUTON FRUIT, ROOT, AND 'VEGE-
TABLE SOCIETY.

October 5. — The committee of this youthful
Society held their second annual show in the Plait
Hall, Luton, on the above date, as was announced in
our previous issue. The collections of Apples and
Pears were remarkably good, and were shown in
great bulk. The Grapes were very poor, and certainly
not deserving of the prizes awarded.

1st prize was .awarded to Mr. T. Hogg, for a dish
of nicely finished-off Peaches, and .also 1st for a
green-fleshed Melon. Mr. J. Cumberland, The
Elders, Luton, took 1st for a dish of six Peaches of
the Sea Eagle variety.

Mr. E. Wordsley, Dunstable, received 1st for a
capital collection of Apples, fine examples being
shown of Prince Albert and Lord Suffield. This
exhibitor also set up a very effective group of table
plants, not for competition, as did Messrs. J.
Thompson & Co., of St. Albans.

Mr. T. Cadger took the prize for a table, 8 feet by
12, of the best display of horticultural produce,
which was well an'anged.

Mr. W. Stevens, of Abbots Langley, was awarded
the special prize for a very capital collection of
vegetables, cleanly grown and well set up.

A noticeable feature of the show was afine collection
of Apples, Plums, and Filberts, exhibited by Messrs.
H. Lane and Sons, of Great Berkhampsted. Among
the Apple varieties splendid specimens of Prince
Albert, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Warner's King, Trans-
parent de Courcelles, and Golden Noble were shown.

Mr. H. Deverill, of Ranbury, staged a remarkable
collection of spring-sown Onions, two lots of
Rousham Park Hero, of fifteen bulbs each, weighing
respectively 16.} lb, and 19.} lb. Two lots of Anglo-
White Spanish, of fifteen bulbs each, recorded
20j lb. and 18 lb. Two lots of Improved Wroxton, a

firm and capital looking Onion, of fifteen bulbs each,
weighed 9 lb and 8J lb. Fifteen bulbs of Cocoa-nut
reached 18i lb., and fifteen of Ailsa Craig attained
19 lb.

Good examples of Neal's Ne Plus Ultra Runner
Bean were exhibited, and of Hughes' Purple Perfec-
tion Potato.

Some magnificent heads of Celery, grown by Mr.
Pope, gr. to the Earl of Carnarvon, Highclere
Castle, were shown, of the red variety Aylesbury
Prize.

Carrots, Parsnips, and Leeks were of good quality.

Mr. G. W. Kentish, of Bedmond, staged a capitally
grown lot of vegetables from seed supplied by Messrs,
J. Carter & Co., and was awiirded 1st prize.

The attendance of visitors was not large until the
evening, when the Hall was thronged. J. J. IV.

Useful Inventions.

HEATHMAN'S EXTENSION LADDER.
This is a strongly made useful ladder for garden
and house, either as a ladder to use in gathering
fruit from orchard trees or walls, cleaning windows,
&c. It is easily elongated, and locks automatically
at each 9 inches of extension. As a wall ladder the
lower half should be furnished with broader treads,
the narrow tread becoming very uncomfortable to
the tree trainer or pruner, who must often spend
many hours on the ladder when doing his work. It
takes up but little room, and would prove invaluable
in case of fire in the house. The makers are J. H.
Heathman & Co., Endell Street, and Wilson Street,
London, W.C.

Law Notes.

HIGH-HANDED CONDUCT OF A BOARD.

Mn. Charles Lailet, district sur^'eyor to the
Acton Local Board, appeared at Hammersmith Police
Court recently, to answer a summons charging him
with wilfully and maliciously damaging a greenhouse,
the property of .John Hibbert, who resided at No. 1,
Hawthorne Villas.

The complainant said th,at prior to September 29 he
liad a greenhouse attached to his premises, with
fiowers in it. On that day a ijumber of men entered
his premises and jmlled down the greenhouse. He
estimated the damage at £11. He asked the defen-
dant who .authorised him to pull down the green-
house. He said the Acton Local Board. He then
asked him who authorised the men to pull it down.
He said, " I did."

Mr. Hemsley, for the defence, read a notice served
upon the complainant on July 26. It was a sum-
mons to appear before the Local Board to show
cause why the new building should not be pulled
down, as it had not been erected according to the
terms of the bye-laws.

Mr. Paget thought that if the complainant
had erected an irregular building the Board should
have summoned him for a penalty.

Mr. Hemsley said under the bye-laws the Board
had power to demolish a building not erected in
conformity with them.

Mr. Paget could not conceive that an officer of the
Board was liable if he acted hand fid f.

Mr. Haynes, for the complainant, contended that
the greenhouse was not a building, which he would
have proved had the Board summoned the com-
plainant. In support of the case of wilful damage,
he said the defendant had adopted a high-handed
and arbitrary course in entering the complainant's
premises and demolishing the greenhouse, which
no other surveyor in the metropolis would have
done.

Mr. Paget said it might be a high-handed act, but
still the complainant had his remedy by an action
for damages. He was of opinion that no malice had
been proved.

Mr. Haynes accepted the magistrate's view of the
case, and withdrew the summons.

OCTOBEB 15, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

i77

Mr. Hemsley applied for costs, and s.iid he had
five witnesses.

Mr. Paget said he certainly shonld not grant anv
costs. It was a most high-handed act, but whether
it was justified by law or not he would not decide.
It was monstrous going into a man's premises and
pulling down his greenhouse.

Important to Pea GnowEns.

At the Malton County Court, on Thursday, his
Honour, Judge Bedwell, had before him a case of
considerable importance to growers of Peas, and
to seed-merchants generally. Messrs. Black &
Duggleby, of the Yorkshire Xursery, and Seed
Establishment, Malton, Yorkshire, sued Mr. G. H.
Bkkey, of Church Fenton, for £12 3s., the price of
17 bushels of Laxton's Supreme Peas. Plaintiffs
were repi'esented by Mr. H. W. Pearson, solicitor,
Malton, and defendant conducted his own case. A
jury was empannelled at the request of the defendant,
who had also filed a set-off amounting to £20 5s. 6c!.
fur loss sustained by the Peas not being what
j'laintifTs had guaranteed them. When the case was
called, defendant objected to the jurisdiction of the
Court, on the ground that no portion of the claim
arose in its district ; but Mr. Pearson showed that
jiirt of the contract was entered into by letters
written by plaintiflTs at Malton, and by replies to
1 liem by defendant. The objection was consequently
overruled, and the case proceeded.

D^'fendant first gave evidence in support of his
set-ofT. His contention was that there were so many
'■ runners " in the crop, that they were not true
" Supremes," and that he consequently suffered the
1 )S3 claimed by him. He admitted, in cross-exami-
nation, however, that he had not before been a Pea-
gi'ower ; that he was not aware that many Peas, and
cs;jecially Supremes, had a tendency to produce
runners, and that he had not examined them closely
a; to their character. He contended that the runners
were Peas of a different kind. Three farmers from
the neighbourhood of Church Fenton — Benjamin
Bean, Thomas Boulton, and Edwin Taylor — were
c tiled by defendant in support of his case.

.^^r. Pearson contended that plaintiffs had taken
every possible care to supply defendant with the
Supreme Peas. They bought the stock from Messrs.
Hurst & Son, London — a well-known firm, who are
1 irge growers of this variety, and gave an extra price
to secure a good stock. They bought 70 bushels, all
of which Mr. Black sold to farmers in the Church
Fenton district, and which were sent direct to the
farmers by Messrs. Hurst & Son, including the defend-
ant, a sample only coming to Malton. Defendant had
a good crop, and sold his Peas for £15 an acre — a
return which, he said, many farmers would have been
glad to get this year for their crops. Defendant,
however, could have sold them to still greater advan-
tage had he waited a day or two, as there was a
sudden rise in the London market within two davs
after he sold them. Peas going up as much as 20s.,
and in some cases 35s. per ton.

Evidence was given by Mr. Black as to the sale of
tho Peas, and the means he had taken to secure the
true chaiacter of the seed. Mr. T. A. Newbv,
Messrs. Hurst's representative, was also called, and
he described with minuteness the process of selecting,
screening and hand-picking of the Peas supplied to
plaintiffs. He also showed that the Supreme Peas
are very liable to " runners," which he described as
l'e.13 reverting to the original stock.

.Tohn Robert Smith, plaintiffs' foreman gardener,
was called, and proved growing some Supremes from
the samples sent by Messrs. Hurst & Son, which
jiroved to be true and very satisfactory. In addition
to these witnesses, Mr. Pearson called six farmers
from the Church Fenton district, who had all
bought Supreme Peas fi-om plaintiffs this year ; in
fact, he accounted for the 70 bushels sent by Messrs.
Hurst to plaintifl^s' order. All these witnesses spoke
highly of the Peas, and said they had good crops,
with no more "runners "than usual with this variety.

la summing up to the jury, his Honour showed
the points of the case. He said they could only give

defendant a verdict if they thought the Peas had been
adulterated, of which there was no evidence. On
the contrary, the evidence showed that every care was
taken in the selection of these very Peas by Messrs.
Hurst & Son, He commented on the tendency of
cultured plants to run back to the original stock,
and dealt clearly with the various points raised by
defendant.

The jury, without retiring to consult, found a ver-
dict for the plaintiffs. His Honour thereupon gave
plaintiffs costs on the higher scale, as the defendant's
claim on the set off was over £20.

The Weather.

Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duratiou of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees— a "Pay-degree" signifying 1" continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

ACOUMTrU.TED.

is li§

below the

^,

fc.

aji-s a,H-9

Mean for

°M

«Sj<

the week
ending

Tts

Oct. 10.

1^

bove 42
omMea

4,
elow 42
omMea

4,

<i: 'ai

Principal Wtieat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day- Day-

duciiig Diatricta.

deg.

deg.

deg.

deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

3 be'lQw

27

5

+ 104

+ 40

1. Scotland, E. ...

2 below

39

6

-t- 133

+ 47

2. England, N.E. ...

3 below

39

0

+ 101

+ 83

3. E.VGLAND. E. ...

2 below

60

0

- 74

-1- 168

4. Midland Cos. ...

3 below

40

0

— 63

-1- 167

5. England, S. ...

2 below

65

0

- 117

+ 150

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

3 below

37

3

— 12

+ 50

7. England, N.W....

3 below

43

0

— 10

+ 118

8. England, S.W. ...

3 below

65

0

- 30

+ 171

9. Ireland, N.

3 below

46

0

+ 178

+ 23

10. Ireland. S.

3 below

50

0

+ 195-1- 97

— Channel Islands

3 below

76

0

+ 11[-H 77

Rainfall.

Bright

sunshiiie.

Districts.

h.

la^-

^.il

a"

III
°-3

Principal Wheat-pro-
duc:ug Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland. N. ...

Imore

174

29.4

17

31

1. Scotland. E. ...

2 more

133

18.0

27

33

2. England, N.E. ...

5 more

119

13.8

7

33

3. England, E. ...

2 less

113

13.2

3

41

4. Mldland Cos. ...

3 less

104

13.8

4

37

5. England, S.

5 less

102

14.2

'

41

Principal Grazing, &c..

6. Scotland, W. ...

0 less

133

27.1

23

30

7. England. N.W....

1 less

113

18.0

11

33

8. England, S.W....

8 less

106

16.5

11

47

9. Ireland. N.

4 less

131

22.8

22

33

10. Ireland, S.

8 less

113

19.1

29

41

— Channel Islands

6 less

121

14.4

6

bl

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Oct. iO, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

"The weather has.been extremely cloudy in all parts
of the kingdom. OVer Ireland and a greater part of

England very little rain has fallen, but in the north
and east of Scotland and the north-east of England
the fall has been rather heavy. At some of the
more northerly stations showers of hail were expe-
rienced at the close of the week.

"The iempen lure has continued below the mean
in all districts, the deficit ranging from 2° to 3°.
The highest of the maxima, which were recorded on
irregular dates, ranged from 58° in ' Scotland, N.,'
and the ' Channel Islands,' to 65° in ' Scotland, E.,
and ' England. S.' The lowest of the minima, which
were registered towards the end of the week, ranged
from 27° in ' England, S.W.,' and 'Ireland, S.,' to
40° in ' England, S.,' and to 45° in the ' Channel
Islands.'

" The rainfall has been more than the mean in
' Scotland, N.," Scotland, E.,' and 'England, N.E.,'
but less in all other districts.

" Bright sunshine has been very deficient in all parts
of the kingdom. Over England the percentage of
the possible amount of duration ranged from 4 (in
' England, E.') to 11 (in ' England, S.W., and ' Eng-
land, N.W.'), and in Ireland and Scotland from 17 to .
29. In the ' Channel Islands ' the percentage of the
possible amount was only 6."

MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING OCT. 22. (AVERAGE OF
FOKTY-THREE YEABS.)

Oct. 16 ...

. ... 50°.7

Oct. 20 ...

.. 49°.5

.. 17 ...

... SO'.S

„ 21 ...

. 49''.3

„ 18 ...
„ 19 ...

... SO'.l
. ... 49''.8

.. 23 ...
Mean for the w

eek

.. 48''.«
. 49°. 8

Mr. WiLLlAfvi Heale.— The death of Mr. William
Heale, recently the manager of the Cranston Seed
and Nursery Company, at Hereford, took place on
Monday last, at Hereford. He had been in ill
health for many months, but in former years
was for a considerable time engaged in the nurs-
eries of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton,
in those of Messrs. Cheale & Sons, Crawley,
and, we believe, travelled for other nursery firms.
He will be best known as the first Secretary to the
United Horticultural Benefit and Provident Society,
and had a great deal to do with drawing up the rules
and getting the Society into working order. He
remained a member of the Society to the last, and
always took a great interest in its welfare. He was
a good gardener, and possessed an excellent know-
ledge of plants, and to him we were occasionally
indebted for valuable information.

Enquiries.

" He that questioneth mttch shall learn much." — Bacon.

Fruit Trees for Afghanistak. — I shonld be
glad if some reader of the Gardeners' Chronicle
would kindly advise me as to the best sort of
fruit trees for the situation at our hill station in
India, situated in the Sulieman Mountains, at an
elevation of 6300 feet. Peaches and Apricots do
very well at an elevation 1000 feet lower, but my
house and garden are on the crest of the hill, water
flowing to north and south, so that it is very exposed,
the prevailing winds coming from those quarters.
The summer temperature runs up to 90° or 95° in
the verandah {i.e., in the shade), but the winters are
exceedingly keen. JIulberries, Olives, and Eigs
(wild), and" Willows, grow well, though the latter are
often nipped. Grape Vines grow wild, but English
trees do not thrive, owing to the dryness of the atmo-
sphere. We get only 12 to 18 inches of rain a year, the
greater part of it falling between June 15 and
August 15. I have tanks in the garden, so
that I could give roots water. We want Pears
and Apples chiefly, and these principally 1' r
keeping and cooking, though we should lile
some dessert fruit trees. Quince trees do well there .
The soil is a rich marl, approaching clay, but dees
not average more than 3 or 4 feet deep ; we then cone
upon rock. Would you tell me what sorts would su t
the climate best; also if the Cherry would do well or
not, and where I could ^et the young trees, which I

478

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[October 15, 1887.

should like to take out grafted ; and whether I could
get Walnuts and Chestnuts for seed from the same
man ? A. J.

Notices to Correspondents.

Book on Roses ; and Kose-house : T. W. S. The
Rose Garden, by W. Paul (Kent & Co., 23, Pater-
noster Row, London). A house for growing Roses
should be made as light as possible ; therefore a
span-roof house running east and west would be
the best, with means of ventilation chiefly placed
in the roof. The roof might be made with movable
sashes, so that they could be removed in summer
time, and either be replaced by thin scrim, or the
roof be left uncovered. If the plants are grown in
l)ots some kind of staging, or raised beds with
brick walls at the side, should be employed to
show off the plants, and bring dwarf ones nearer
the glass than if they were stood on the floor.
Where the Roses are planted out, and dwarf
standards, half standards, bushes, pillar and climb-
ing Roses are used, a staging is unnecessary. If
it be not intended to force the inmates of the
Rose-house into bloom at an early date, two rows
of 4-inch pipes running round the outside walls of
the liouse would suffice to keep ; but if forcing be
intended, it would be well to increase the amount
of pipe by one-half.

Blocks to Ili,cste.4te a Rose Citalogue : J. ^' H.
C. Apply to one of the horticultural printers in a
large way of business, or to some firm which issues
a Rose catalogue with illustrations.

Chbistmas Roses : At p. 439, October 8, line 2.5,
read " And when established in such places, plants
get cool shade eigliteen hours out of twenty-four."
In paragraph relating to the Riverston liybrid,
p. 440, line 6, read " H. rubra and H. variegata,
with Miss Hope's variety, none of which I liave
yet seen bloom." W. B. H.

Cobrection. — In notes on " Hardy Fruit Growing at
Greenbourne, Monifieth,"p. 442, read as to Peaches
" and thinks the glandless varieties " more hardy
in resisting curl or blister, instead of " less
liable to mildew." W. S.—On p. 428. col. c, line 5,
for " Lselia Timorax," read " Loelia TimoraX ."

CncnsiDER Plants Failing to Grow : Jacinthe.
Much too cold at top and bottom. In such a case
the manure given would not assist the plants.
Give bottom-heat of 80° to 85°, a day temperature
85° to 90°, and by night keep the temperature at
70° steadily. Cover the glass at night to prevent
the precipitation of inside moisture.

Double Lapageria : C. tf Co. Many better examples
have come under our notice, and some have been
figured in our columns.

Fungus : J. W., M.D. The fungi are (as you say)
abnormally grown and very puzzling. We do not
believe they belong to Pleurotus, but to Collybia,
viz., Agaricus velutipes, the stem of wltich is often
excentric. The caispitose habit, dark stem, and
other characters point to this species. You may
perhaps see the plant in a normal state some other
time. W. G. S.

Gladiolus: Barr Sf Son. Mr. P.'s flower is a
nice flower of bright cerise colour with broad
bands of white on the interior parts of the seg-
ments. The dark flowered one sent previously is
very similar to one named Tamerlane shown in
the collection of Mr. Smith, of Kilmarnock, at the
Royal Horticultural Society's meeting of Sep-
tember 27.

Hot-water Pipes : L Allegro. Four-inch pipes would
be better than 2-inch, for with the latter you
would be compelled to heat them intensely to ob-
tain the required heat: and with the greater
volume of water in the 4-inch pipes, which would
kee]) its heat longer, the teni]>erature of the
water need not be so high, provided you employ a
suflicient length of pipe in the house. Nothing is
more injurious to plants as highly heated pipes.

Lapageria : H. J. C. Not unusual.

Leaves of Lemon Tree Falling Off : F. L. If
the tree has been standing out-of-doors, and since
it was brought inside it has not been moistened
with the .syringe overhead, or if too much water
has been given — Lemons requiring very little
watering during winter — or allowed to get dust-
dry, all such causes will bring about what you
observe in yoi r tree.

Mandevillea suaveolens Seeding : A. U. Yes, it
is of rare occurrence ; please send specimen.

Names of Plants : I. ^ T. Please send a fresh ■
specimen, packed flat between two ])ieces of card-
board. The one received was withered beyond
recognition.— J/. /. C Oncidium Lanceanura, and
not the variety you supposed it to be. — S. J. I,
Magnolia acumiuata ; 2, Acer obtusatum ; 3, Tilia
Europaja var. laciniaia ; 4, Picea, near Menziesii ;

5, P. clanbrasiliana ; 6, Cephalotaxus pedunculata,
fastigiate variety, Podocarpus Koraianus of
gardens. — T. B. % Apparently Nymphiea
Devonianura, but we oannot be certain unless
a flower is seen. — A. B. Lowe. 1, perhaps
Tecoma Valdiviana ; Sif-Bignonia Chereri ; 3. Tac-
sonia insignis ; 4, PaSMflora coeruleo-racemosa ; 5,
P. coerulea; 0, P. quadrangularis. — J. W. 1, Poly-
podium glaucum ; 2, Doryopteris palmata or
collina ; 3, Dendrobium chrysanthum ; 4, may be
Aster la;vis ; 5, Aster noviE anglia;. The others
we are quite unable to name from such small
pieces. Asters cannot be named excejit from
thoroughly good specimens. — G. F. G. 1 and 5,
Lastrea filix-raas, forked variety ; 2, Aspidium
lobatura ; 3, A. dilatatom ; 4, Cistopteris, not in
fruit : 6, Scolopendrium vulgare. — Header. Coton-
easter affinis. — T. M. I, Adiantum tenerum ; 2,
Pteris scaberula ; 3, Asplenium marinum ; 4,
Adiantum cuneatum ; 5, A. Capillus-veneris ;

6, A. formosum ; 7, Viburnum opulus. — J. M. P.
Acer eriocarpum, Salix I'osmarinifolia, Myricaria
germanica, German Tamarisk.

Names of Fruits : W. M. K. The Grape is the true
Black Morocco. It always sets badly ; should be
carefully impregnated. — H. B. 1, Stirling Castle ;
2, 4, Emperor Alexander ; 3, New Hawthornden ;
5, Mank's Codlin ; 6, Kilkenny Pearmain. — An
Old Subscriber, Boncas^fr. Apple : Brabant Belk-
fleur. Pears : unknown. — Edmund Warner. Prob-
ably Walburton Admirable. — W. Smith i^- Son. 9,
not recognised ; 12, Reinette du Canada ; 13,
Summer Thorle ; 14, Mank's Codlin ; 15, Red
Quarrenden : small Pear not known ; the other
specimens sent so decayed and bruised as to
be utterly unrecognised. — G. Massct/. Apple:
Duchess' Favourite. Pear : Louise Bonne of
Jersey, — Kent if- Brydon. Lord Derby (small). —
B.J. 1, New Hawthornden; 2, Emperor Alex-
ander ; 3, Gravenstein ; 4, Brabant Bellefleur ; 5,
Cox's Pomona ; 6, not recognised.— W. M. 1,
Gansell's Bergamot ; 2, Alexander Lambre ; 3,
Dumelow's Seedling; 4, Round Winter Non-
such ; 5, Duck's Bill of Sussex. — H. R.
Barker. 69, probably King of the Pippins,
other unkno^vn ; 124, Beurre Sterckmans. — W. P.
1. rotten; 2, Easter Beurre; 3, Passe Colniar ; 4,
Mank's Codlin. — WicJdow. l,Walthain Abbey Seed-
ling; 2, Hoary Morning; 3, Golden Knob; 4,"Dume-
low's Seedling; 5, Mannington's Pearmain ; 6, not
known. — J. McB. 1, Souvenir du Congres ; 2,
Hacon's Incomparable. — G. Phillips. 4, Louise
Bonne of Jersey ; 5, Napoleon. — F. cj- A. D. ^- Co.

1. Vanquelin (?) ; 2, Beurr(5 de Capiaumont. —
J. C. Apples: 1, Yorkshire Greening ; 2, King of
the Pippins. Pears: 1, Van Mons' Leon le Clerc ;

2, Bcurr^ Diel ; 3, Doyenn^ Blanc ; 4, not known ;
5, BeurrtS d'Araanlis ; 6, Easter Beurre.

PuJiPKiNS ; An Old Reader. The flesh may be used
as an adjunct with Apples, Rhubarb, or Raisins, in
pies, or it may be made into a kind of marmalade,
using a little vinegar with sugar. The seeds, after
being cleaned, are very nice and nutty when baked
for a quarter of an hour in a sharp oven. The rind
may be kept for a number of years in a dry place.

Scale on Palm : M. F. C. Scrub the affected parts
with a tooth-brush dipped in methylated spirits,
and afterwards with soap and water.

Telephone Pea : F, W. S. The Peas were large
and good in flavour and colour, the pods slightly
deformed, probably the result of cold.

To Destroy the Sockebs of a (Tea Tree) Lycium
nAHiiAHUM : J. T. Dig up all you can, and then
keep the ground iioed and pull up every portion
that appears above ground in spring and summer.
Collect all the seed before it falls.

Unfruitful Vines : R. H. B. G. Examine into the
state of the roots and the soil. The roots may
have penetrated the soil deeply, and are now in
bad stuff', beyond the warming and vivifying
influence of sun-heat and air. Thomson's Vine
manure ' is acknowledged to be good for the
purpose. We give this'week an article on Vine
borders by a master of the art.

Communications Received.— W. S.— A. H. K.— J. v.—
R. B. L.— E. B.— W. & N.— T. G., Alexandria.— H. E., Lau-
sanne.—C. H. H.— M. D.— E. 0.— J. T. B.—W. T.— Canon
E., not necessarily a mite, but some destructive creature or
other.— f'lcit Encine J— B. J. M.—B.T. F.— S. H. M. II.—
(i. E.— Cork.— Oxon.— J. W. 0.— R. B. \V. S. H.— lapi-
geria.— J. C. & Co. (next week).— T. L.— F. W. S.— N. E. B.
— C. W. D.— A. H. K.— K. A. K.— J. V. & Sons.— W. G. S.
R. D.— W. S.— D.— W. B.— W. E. B.— W. W. B.— Herbert

A. Smith (plejiae send photograph for inspection). — J..;W. —

B. C, Eucharis (next week).

[^ Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or
asking questions demanding time and research for their solution,
must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the

lARKETS.

CO VENT GAUDEN, October 13.

Heavy supplies reaching us from the Channel
Islands, clearances being effected in favour of buyers.
Apple market light. Kent Cobs steady at slightly-
improved rates. James Webber, }Vkolesale Apple
Market.

Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

... 1 3- 3 t

Apples.

Plums, J-sieve ... i «- 4 u
Grapes, per lb. ...10-3 0
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 6-09
Kent Cobs. 100 lb.. ..50 0-52 6
Lemons, per case ...13 0-21 0

. d. s. d.
0 6-20
2 0-90
2 6-60
yrench, dozea... 10-16
Pine-apple3,Eng.,lb. 1 0~ 3 U
— St. Michael, each 3 0-50

Melons, each
Peaches, dozen
Pears, ^

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ...

Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...

Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...

Beet, red, per dozen 10-30

Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...

Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...

Celery, per bundle.,. 16-20
Cucumbers, each ...0 6-10

Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...

Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...

Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...

Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...

Lettuce, per dozen... 2 0-50

Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 3- ...
Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel... 4 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

„ kidney, percwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 2 6- ...
Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2- ...

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Capsicum, dozen ... 5
Chrysanthem., dozen 4
Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
DracEena terminal is,
per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Cut Flowers.—

Abutilons, 12 bun ... 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Asters, 12 bunches...
Bouvardias, per bun.
Camellias, 12 blms...
Carnations, 12 blms.
Chrysanth., 12 bun.

— large, 12 blooms
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Jasmine, white, bun.
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms

— lancifoliQm,12bl.
Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette, 12 bun.

d.s.d. I

0-90, Ferns,

0- 9 0 I Fiona elastica. each ,

0-24 0 . Foliage plants, vari-

0-12 0 ous. each ,

Fuchsias, doz.
0-«0 0 ' Heliotrope, dozen ..
0-24 0 , Hydrangeas, doz. ...
0-15 0 Myrtles, per dozen..

0-18 0 I Pelargon

I let, per dozen

1 fr- 7 0

2 0-10 0

3 0-90

4 0-80
9 0-12 0
6 0-12 0

., each 2 6-21 0

,30-60

Average Wholesale Prices.

s, d.s.d. s.d.s. d.

2^40 Mybsotis, 12 bun. .u. 2 0- 3 0

4 0-60 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 06-10

3 0-60 — scarlet. 12 apr.... 03-06
0 6-10 Primulas, double. 12

4 0-60 sprays 09-10

10-30 Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 20-60

2 0-60 Roses, Tea, per doz. 10-30
10-40 — coloured, dozen. 06-10
10-20 — red.perdozen ... 03-06
4 0-60 — Saffrano, dozen... 09-16

3 0-60 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 40-60
0 6-10 Sunflowers, 12 bun. 20-40
0 6-09 Tuberoses, 12 blms.... 06-10

Violets, 12bunches... 0 9-10

3 0-60 — French, bunch... 10-16

10-30 — Fr. Parme, bun. 40-60

3 0-60 White Lilac,Fr.,bun. 70-80

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : October 11.— Full
supplies, of which good qualities form but a scanty
portion, and these are not unaltered from last market,
but inferior sorts have still a drooping tendency.
Quotations : — Hebrons, 80s. to 90s. ; Regents, 70s. to
90s. ; Early Roses, 70s. to 90s. ; Magnum Bonum, 50s.
to 70s. ; German Blues, 60s. to 80s. per ton.

Trade Notices.

The business of florist formerly carried on at
28, Mount Ephraim, Tunbridge Wells, by Mr. G. S.
Ballsam, has been disposed of to Mr. D. Dartnall,
formerly manager at the Coombe Wood Nurseries of
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sous ; and at Messrs. T. Cripps
& Son, Tunbridge Wells.

October 15. 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

479

' THE CAMBRICS OF ROBINSON & CLEAVER HAVE A ■WORLD-WIDE FAME."— T^e Queen, the Lady's Neiospaper.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S

CAMBRIC

IRISH

CAMBRIC POCKET

NDKERCHIEFS. HommeJ for use. All I'ure Klax.
Cliildren's, Is. 2a.; LadiM', ZB. 4i(l. ; Geiille-
JS. 6d. ; Ht?mstit<:hed. perdozen— Ltidies". 2S. lljd. ;
43. lid. Seud for samples. posUfree, to Belfast.

IRISH MADE SHIRTS.— Best tiuality Long-cloth Bodies, with four-
■ fold ;ill Linen Frout^ and Cuffs, 358. 6d. the lialf-dozen (to measure. 2a. extra). New designs
in our spix-ial Indiana Gauze, Printed Shirtings, and unshrinkable Klannels for the season. Samples,
Prit-e Lists, and fuller information, post-free. Old SlUxtS mad6 aS gOOd aS new, with best
material.-, at a trifling cost.

IRISH LINEN COLLARS AND CUFFS.-

* Collars— Ladies' ami CIiiMrens three-foM. 33. 6d. per dozen; (ieutlemon'i
four-fold, 4a. lid. to 6s. lid. per dozen. Cuffs for Ladies, Gentlemen, ant
Children, 68. lid. to lOs. 9d. per dozen.

" Their Irish Linen Culiars, Cuffs. Shirts. &c.. have the merita of excellenci
and cheapness."— Co«r? Circular. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

IRISH LINENS. — Real Irish Linen Sheeting, fuUj

* bleaclK'.i, 2 yards wide, l8. lid. per yard ; 2J yards wide, 2S. 4^d. per yard
(the most durable article made). Roller Towellinp;. 18 inches wide, 33d. per yard.
Surplice Linen, 7d. per yard. Dusters. Is. 10|d. per dozen. Glass Cloths,
4b. 4d. per dozen. Fine Linens and Linen Diapers, 8|d. per yard. Nursery
Diaper, S^d. per yard. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

IRISH DAWIASK TABLE LINEN.— Fish Napkins, 2s.U. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, As.U.

* per dozen. Table Cloths, 2 yard,s square. 2S. 9d. each ; :ii yards by 3 yards. BS. 6d. each. Kitchen Table Cloths, ll^d. each. Strong
Huckaback Towels, 4a. 4d. per dozen. Monograms, Crests, Coats of Army, Initiala, &c., woven and embroidered. Send for samples, post-
free, to Belfast.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.

By Special Appointments to H.M. the Queen and
H.I. and E.H. the Crown Princess of Qermany.

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(Telegraphic Address—" Hot Water," London; Telephone, No. 4763), have the Largest and Most Complete Stock in the Trade.

THE NEW

HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER.

This Boiler is made in several sizes from 6 feet 6 in.
long, and is fitted ivith Water Bars, as shown in the
illustration. The Furnace Door being hung upon the
front of Boiler is complete in itself, thus ensuring the
acme of simplicity in fixing.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

WITH WATERWAY EXl),
anil every other Boiler of known merit, kept in Stock.

Illustrated CATALOdJ^E, Price Is.
Price LIST on application, free.

HOT-WATER PIPES, CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

HOT-WATER and HOT-AIR APPARATUS Erected Complete, or the Materials supplied.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIKE POTTERT. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Suceessor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a. Queen Victoria
Street, E.G., near Mansion House Station. Depot: Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London. S.E.
Telegrams — " Floriculture. LomDON." Established 1854.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best qitahty, as supplied to the Royal Gardens, ^c.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack.

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PE.AT. 5s. per sack, 5 for 32s. M.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack, 6 tor 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel; Us. j-ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD. 4s. per sack. [25s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN. 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA. LABELS. STICKS. BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack.
SPECIALrrE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, eachSd. per lb.

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

CERTAIN DEATH

to MEALY BUG and oth.

INSECTS on PLANTS. ^«^, \

_ \y^ PERFECTLY
^ .y^ HARMLESS

to the most tender plant.

In Bottles. Is. 3d. and 2S. 6d„
Post-free.
THE AGRI-HORTICULTUEAL
CHEMICAL COMPANY,
TONBRIDUE, KENT.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of tlie Nobility. Gentry,
and ClerRv, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixtiu'e, Free to all Stations.

Non-l'oisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatories, Sec.
Priies, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YAKD, LHDGATE HILL, E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DVUl^S.—Discovatt far Cash.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

Peat of lirst-rate qualitv, suitable for

ORCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,
FERNS,

and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices oitlier by the sack, or bv the yard ; also lirst-rate
PEAT .MOULD.— For printed parti, ulrirs, apply. D. CAMERON,
Forester, Mount Mascal E-tate. Nurtli (_'ray. Foot's Cray. Kent.

WASPS I

AskyourChemis
tor the INSTANT
ANEOUS DEMll
TO WASPS, .^n:.
Wholesale by I ! \ 1 v
CLAY AND SciN
Farringdon Stn . i

DIE
IMMEDIATELY.

PEAT and SAND.— Litjht Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-tou trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. %d. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPH.4GNUM, 7s. id. per
bag. SILVER SAND. co.arse or fine, 1.3s. per ton.
_ WALKER AND CO.. Farnboro' Station. Hants.

G^ ARDENERS, &c., REQUIRING PEAT,
SAND, LOAM, POTTING COMPOST, GARDEN
NETTING. RAFFIA, MATS, &c., in large or smaU quantities,
will save 25 per cent, bv sending for our List of Prices, post-
free. BRLNKWORTH and SONS, Reading.

S~ USSEX and BEDFORDSHIRE SILVER
SANDS. Sussex, Kent, and Hampshire PEATS. Sussex
and Surrey Loams, Rockery Stone, &c., for sale at moderate quo-
tations.—W. SHORT, Horticultural Company ,Miahurst,Sussex.

OCOA-NUT FIBRl-;, newly made.— Great

reduction. In bags— 20, 14s. ; 40, 25s., bags included.
Truck-load of two tons, 20s. All free on to Rail.

J. STEVENS AND CO., Greyhound Yard, and 153, High
Street, Battersea, S.W.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1R59 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressingfor Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outli\'ed many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. id.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. , Boxes, id. and Is-, from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE^ PATENT CANDLE" COMPANY
(Limited;, London.

Eosher'3 Garden Edging TUes.

'yHE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

I materials of great durability. The plainer

ports are specially suited for

KITCHEN GAP.DENS,

they harbour

Insects, take up little i

' once put down i
further labour or expense,
do "grown" Edgings,
quently being much cheaper,
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SILVER SAND,

fine or coarse grain as dtsired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAJVI supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six week^ on stating the purfiose for
which the paper is required, forvrardingname and addrp>^^,and
eix halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed -'^ Midland Cowities
Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Covnties Her,al4
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

480

THE GABDENEES' CHRONIGLE.

[October 15, 1887.

NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS of all descriptions. RAFFIA FIBRE. TOBACCO
EAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at lawn Prices than
any other firm this se;ison.— MARENDAZ and FISHER. 9 and

10. Jan

sStn

. Covi

t Garde:

W.C.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis, Lice. Red Spider, Thrip. Meaffj
Bug. Catei pillars, dc. dc.

PERFECTLY ) *" *''^ Hands and Skin, but will cure
Kingwonn in Animals, and all Diseases
HARMLESS J produced by pamsites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A coiiiliiiuitiun of nvdrocarl.uu Oils, made suliihle in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
thai infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Eoots or
ou the Foil ige.

Sold by Seedsmen and Themists. Is. nd. Vs.Gl. S.--:s.6d;

i gallon 7.S. Cd, 1 gallon H's. (id. or les. m laip-i' .^..-unities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL.-s an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUSHES. Manchester.

ai- n..

.FowiEii&ro.;
all thi- London .Seed Jler-
Medi.iu.- Houses. Xi;W

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

^imni -li) ft., and
njvt m ft., uith
rjmtt force.

A s J) I end id
siihxtitute for the
S;/riiir/efor ii.sini/
Insecticide, Price
2.5.5. A h(ri/'!r
size for watering
piirpius, 4.5s.

W Caviiari-0 Paid.

^■MfHUGHE

ffefAPHICIDE

k\'^& 1/6

For
Glass Houses.

GREEN&CREAiHcoLORSHADING

Convenient, In'^xpen-^ive— Ea-^ilv applied — Latits all the
fiuramer, and can tlien be eai^jly 'washod off. Is., post 1'3.

^^^-;:;f,'::T;;;iVr;r- HUGHES'
FLORAL CEIVIENT.

A p-eal hoon !<■ Flori-ts and all lovers of Flo\vers. Diies
imstantlv. .Sold in holths. Is. 4: -is. Per ],ost .Id. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Prcvrntinj Vines Bleeding after Prnning.
Very efT-ctnal in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

■wast.d. In bottles 1/G and 2 6. Per post, 3d. extra.
For II' -trivin- Hf-llis. C ,. kp.aehes, UIIPLICC'

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses,— for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price. 6d.. la. & 2/6. I'er post 3d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, ''?5?ii?/=

tf'OTORIA & OATEATON STREET, MAr.CHESTER

Hyaclntlis In Fots.
>OTS made expressly for HYACINTHS can

be sui.plied bv

.1. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. 'Weston-super-Mare.

Price List free.

Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing.
'TROXCt, well-made POTS for the above can

J be supplied by

J. JIATTHEWS, Koyal I'ottery, Weston-super-Mare.

Pric

List fri

M

A T

Season's

s.—

MATS,

GA R U E
We have just recei'
specially selected for Garden B«e.

NEW ARCHANGEL (tall «iie), POs. per 100, 10s. per ten.
BEST HEA^T: RUSSIAN, los. per lUO, 7s. 6rf. per ten.
Other sorte Sheaper.
BRLNKWORTH and SONS. Importers, Reading.

To NuTBerymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also
Petersburg Mats and -Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and o. Wormwood Street, E.C.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PETERSBURG, and PACKING
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH. RAFFIA, PEAT
LOAM, SILVER SAND and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & CO., 129, Commercial Street,
Spitaltields. London. E

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SK.VSdX.S Aia'lI.\N(ii;L M.\TS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA (Fresh Arriv.tl).

SPECIAL QrOTATKIX.s on APILICATIOS.

JAMES tTaNDERSON,

135. COMMEKCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.

THOMAS'S

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS

Stralntng Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 63.5.

As illustrated above, price .^s. 'id. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— ,\o. 631. Terminal Holdfasts.— No. 632.

No. 632i. ,-a

iSa Per doz.

2s.

2 2J .3 3J inches.
3d., 4d., 5d., 7d. per doz.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

per liM viirds.
nted CATALOGVE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORL\ .STREET, E.C;
Works: 362. EDGWAEE EOAD, LONDON, W.

T//OSm nOB /A/SON.

^TO(yRB/?/DC£.

HORTICULTilRAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in s-tock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCU, LONDON, E.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDEBi

121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, E C

^»

W H L\SCFLLFS AND CO will g ve F t maft-s for every
description of HORTICULTURAL \\ UI K free of didrge and
send competent a-s^i-^tantt when necessarj

LASCELLES NEW ROCKWORK matenal in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121. Bunhill Row, London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buddings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabsfor Walls, Paths, and Stages,
sent pn^fc-frce on applicfltion.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable I For Coal \
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

G^REENHOUSKH Heated :.'4 Hours for
r about One Penny, without attention. ROREKTS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure

1 ample

H..,|r.

ir.

nphle

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112. Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

HlLLr&^MITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

Axil AT lbs. orEEN VICTORIA STREET. LONIION, E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G.

^^^s^<"«z. -,',.>- -^

t,pe, Ml E timates (,HeU t .r Lllfc^ CcUll, 1 O. I ell lllg

RooUng "i-c lersonal Sur\e\sof Estateo made andpraitical
advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put

Vh.Hratrd C.ifa'orin'^ fV»' h; Vn-t.

STEVEN BROS & C<>
HOT WATER APPARATUS.

^LP THAMES 5' LONDON. E.C.

^

October 16, 1887.]

THE GABDENEfiS' GHBONICLE.

481

Hot -water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

4-inLh Pipes at Is. 6(i. per yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

and all other kinds of
BOILEBS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &c.
PATENT STEEL TEENTHAM BOILER is far the best, cheapest, and
7>iost economical Hot-water Boiler made. The iinpiuved facilities for ensuring
perfect combustion saves fuel smAprerents smoke, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly
prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.
HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected
complete; efficiency guaranteed.
I'UMPIXa MACinXERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, ISfc.
Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

SILVESTER'S

SPECIALTIES,

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-°»«"
CHAMPAGNE, "GEVEMCEY," 30/-»o««

ONLY TO BE HAD OF-

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

i) 9, G R E S H A .AI S T R p] E T, L 0 N 1) () X, E.G.,

01d-Establis!ied Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

53i

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES SCHOOLS PUBLIC BUILDINGS MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON', W.C.

1887.

Please send me " The Gahdenees' Chbonicle " for _
mencing ,for which I enclose P. 0.0.

Months,

gi° Please Note tliat aU Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, los. ; 6 Months. 7s. U.: 3 Months. 3s. 9rf. ; Post-free.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (eicepting India and China) :— Including Postage. 17s. ed. for 12 Months.^ India and China, 19s. 6d.
Receipts for less than six months' subscription will no* ' ' ' """

; unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made pat/able at the Post Office,
42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.
Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hot-water

Apparatus complete.

^-^y,^ CATALOGUE
.oV'^.w FREE.

North of England Horticultural Works^X^O

DARLINGTON.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind ol
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right "over oneon to theother.anri
Ihe boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ „ 4 1.5 ft

0 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 3 15 0

12 feet lon<i. 5 feet wide, „ ., „ 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puWied in.

R. HALLIDAY &

Hothouse Builders and Engine*

CO.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2. Holloway Road, N.

GREENHOUSES.

No. 4. Span-roof, plain, but of
the best construction. Price,
erected complete (with brick-
work), within 15 miles of Lon-
don Bridge ; proportionate
prices in any part of the coun-
try. Lean-to's in proportion.
Loughborough Hot- Water Apparatus (fixed) extra as below

Price. H.W. Ap,
lift by 8tt fc>0 0 m 15
lift by 1!t £.30 0 £6 5
2Uft b\ I'ft £42 10 £8 15

Price. H.W. Ap.
25ft. by 16tt. £58 0 £10 15
30ft. by 15ft. £71 0 £13 5
40ft. by 17ft. £111 0 £22 n

SlRtr\=! MADE IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY
FREE or t HAROE. Designs and Estimates FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticnltur.il Builders and Hot-wafer Engineers,

'''• 'il";..?'"""" ^ L OND ON BRID GE.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages aiid packing free, and delivered to anij London station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

13i by 8i for 10/-

for 14/-

12 ., 9 „ 10/-

„ 14/-

or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6.

13 „ 10 „ 11/-

„ 15/6

or 250 squares ^ by 6J, or 220

14 „ 10 „ 13/-

„ 19/-

squares, 9^ by 6^, or 170 squares.

14 „ 12 „ 17/6

„ 24/-

9 by 7i, or 150 squares, 10 by 8.

12 „ 12 „ 13/-

„ 20/-

for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders

18 „ 12 „ 21/-

,. 31/-

20

, 12

24/-

35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, residy mixed for ui
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5rf. per pound. Special quotatic
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE.

14, moor Lane, Cripplegate, London, E.C.

482

THE GABDENEIiS' CHI? ONI CLE.

[October 15, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged «s turo.

4 Ijines

5 „

;o 3 0

0 3 6

0 4 0

0 4 6

0 .5 0

0 .5 6

0 6 0

0 6 6

0 7 0

0 7 6

0 8 0

16 „

17 „

18 „

19 „

20 „
21

22 .,

23 „

24 „

25 „

AND SIXPENCE TOR EVKRV ADDITIOXAL LINE.

K set acrosi two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be .30.'

Page. £3; H.ilf Page. £1 10s. : Column, £:!.

15 Lines . . £0 8 6
..090
..096
. . 0 10 0
. . 0 10 0
.. 0 11 0
.. 0 11 6
.. 0 12 0
.. 0 12 6
. . 0 13 0
. . 0 13 6

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

2() words, ini-luJing nami' anil a.hlresi, l.< tic/..

and 6rf. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant

Jituations, which a

ged at the ordinary scale

IMPORTAiVT jVOTICE— Advertisers are eaiitioned
against having Liters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
tUl L'ittsrs so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths aad Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week MrsT reach the Office by

ThiirsJ'ia noon.

AU Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kixgdom : 12 Months, 163.; 6 Months,

7b. 6d.; 3 Monllis. 33. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and Chinil; including Postage,

173. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19a. 6d.

Post office llrders to bj made payable at the Post IKlice,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C.i to W. Richards.

PuBLisHiyo Office and Office for Advertise^ients,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.O.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON and scull. 90, Lower Thames Street, Lomlon. E.G.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, iu 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glaaa in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating,' and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Artirlrs. .mh !„■ ubtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD. OIL and CtlLO'JR MERCHANTS.

S4, St. Jobn Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.
J

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.
Railwav Ac'.id-nt,. Eiiiplnvr'- l.i.il.ilip. . iN-ur.'daCiiinstbythe

KAiLWAV I'ASSl'.NCKIIS' ASSURANCE
CIlMPANV, 61, C.jndnll, I.<,nd..n. Income £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118.000 accidents, £2,3.50,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buldings, W.C; Head
Office. 61, Curnhill, London, E.C.

WlLLI.m .T. VIAN, Secretary.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
ct ETR.ANGEBE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review)— 13th year. —Among the principal Contributors are :—
A. AUard, E. Andre, C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Crepin,
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin. B. Oliveira,
H. Urtgies, E. Pvnaert, E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert
Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A West-
mael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom;— One year
14s. pavable in advance.

Publishing Office ; 134, Bue de Bruxellcs, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
Ghent.

THE SYDNEY MAIL.

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS —

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING ami the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S
LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TUBP.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved especi-
ally for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPUL.AB ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN
AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAY'ER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the

Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia. &c. It contains

a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.

Publishing Offie.-— Hunter Stnid, Sydiiry. New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Nrw-paptT and Atlvertising Agents are
authorised to receive All\l-;i;riSEMENTS for the
SYDNEY MORNING HERALD ,ind SYDNEY MAIL:—

London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornbill, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street. E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street.

Fleet Street. E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
MANCHF.STER... James and Henry Grace. 73. Market Street.
Edinborgh ... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Eoyal Exchange

Place
Ij^l* O'pies of each Journal are filed at the
a/mre Offiies for the use of Advertisers.

Nurseryman and Market Gardener.

WANTED, an expericnrttl pr;ictie,-il MAN,
with SnuUl Capital, to take Sl.nn- of Business, and
entire Management.— Apply to S. X., tiliice of this Paper,
stating experience, qualifications, and references.

ANTED, a GARDENER and BAILIFF.

Wife to do the Laundry. No objection to one or two
small children. A cottage found. I .idrr liard.ner kept.—
Apply, stating wages, to E. E.. l.'i. I/i-i.li mi'. I.niidon, E.C.

ANTED, a SINULI'M I A M iKK GAR-

DENER ; married, small family. Surplus produce
grown for Market. Applicants must be experienced in Vine
Culture, and Orchid-House Management, &c. Wages, 2l5. a
week; small cottage and coal found. No perquisites.— Apply,
giving age, references, &c., to A. B., Wain Vaur, Newport,
Monmouthshire.

ANTED, Married >Ian, as KITCHEN

GARDENER, with good knowledge of Fruit Trees.
Live in Lodge. Wife to attend Gate. Wages 16s. per week,
and Fuel.— HEAD GARDENER, Lockerley Hall, Komsey,
Hants.

ANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, with

good personal character, who has been accustomed to
the care of Cows. Apply only by letter, stating former situa-
tions, age. and wages expected.— G. H. FREAN, The Orchanl,
Blackheath, London, S.E.

W' ANTED, a MANAGINCJ FOREMAN, to
take Charge of a Nursery in the Midlands. Must be
thoroughly up in all branches of the business, Ijotb Inside and
Out. Twenty-seven Greenhouses, and about 12 acres Shrubs,
&c. — Apply by letter only, enclosing copies of testiniouials. niul
stating all particulars, to J. F. L. EVANS, Thomas Hewitt !k
Co., Solihull.

ANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN for

the Jobbing Department. Must be energetic and able
to Manage Men, and have a knowledgt? of Designing and
Laying-out. A man that has been used to a seaside town pre-
ferred. State age, and wages required. Good character in-
dispensable.— G. SCO'TT, Ceylon Floral Nursery, Eastbourne.

Fruit Tree Foreman.

WANTED, for a very extensive Provincial
Nursery, an experienced and thoroughly practical
MAN, -with a good knowledge of Fruit and Fruit Tree Culture.
— Apply, stating age, and where previously employed, to
A. D., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

WANTED, a PLEASURE GROUND
FOREMAN. Wages 19s., with lodge. Twelve under.
A fair knowledge of Landscape Work requisite.— T. WHIL-
LANS. Blenheim Gardens, Woodstock.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a PROPAGATOR
and GROWER.— Apply, stating wages required, and
enclosing copies of testimonials, to H. ENGLISH, Fairlie Nur-
sery, Clevedon.

WANTED, a PROPAGATOR and GROWER
of Plants and Cut Flowers for Market.— PARROrr
BROTHERS, Normandy. Guildford.

WANTED, an experienced practical MAN,
to grow Roses, Eucharis, Ferns, Flowering Plants,
Bulbs and Roots. Must be especially skilful in Grafting and
Growing Roses under Glass, and Forcing Bulbs, &c.— Full par-
ticulars, with references, wages required, &c., to D. S., Messrs.
Nutting & Sons, 106, Southwark Street, London, S.E.

ANTED, a strong, active YOUTH to

Assist in the Glass Department here. No Bothy. —
State w.ages required to JOHN CROOK, Farnborough Grange
Gardens. Hants.

WANTED, TWO strong active young MEN,
about 19. accustomed to Watering, Potting, Tying,
and Fires.— Address, with references, GEO. WILLIAMSON,
Bloomsbury Nursery, Timperley, Manchester.

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, an OVER-
SEER and SALESMAN, &c., for Nursery of about
50 acres, with Glass. ^lust be a thoroughly practical and ener-
getic man of exceptional integrity.— State age, experience,
salary, and references, to D. E.. 1-'3a. King's Road. Chelsea.S.W,

Seed Trade.

WANTED, a smart pushing young Man, as
SHOPMAN and BOOK-KEEPER.— Adilress, stiitii g
age, particulars of experience, salary, &c., t« H. DEVERUL
AND CO., Royal Seed Stxjres. Banbury.

WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN, of
good address. Garden and Agricultural Seed--.
Reference. &c., to W. M.. Charles Sharpe & Co.. Sleaford.

WANTED, a good LABOURER, for Nursery
and Fruit Grounds, married. If a BOY, employment
will also be found. Constant employment to suitable hands. —
W. DALE, Hickmandias Nursery, Knockholt, Kent.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. .T. R. Metcalfe, late Head (iardener to
R. S. DoNEiN, Esq., M.P., Campville, North
Shields, has been appointed Head Gardener to
Sir Samuel Li.ster, Bart., Swiuton Castle,
Mashani, Yorkshire.

Mr. A. G. Catt, late Orchid Grower and Gar-
dener to Mr. Walter Cobb, of Sydenham, has
been appointed as Orchid Grower to C. W. Lea,
Esq., Parkfield, Hallow, Worcester.

Mr. Henry AVill.s, late of Pendell Court
Gardens, has been appointed Head Gardener to
the Right Hon. the Earl of IlABiiownY, Sandon
Hall, Stone, Staffordshire.

Mr. Thomas Welbourne, for the last five
years General Foreman at Bestwood Lodge,
Arnold, Notts, has been appointed Head Gar-
dener to Baron Huddlestone, The Grange,
Ascot.

The following appointments were arranged by
Mr. .Tohn Downie, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh : —

Mr. William Pibie, at present Gardener at
Ratho Park, Ratho, has been appointed Head
Gardener to Henby Callander, Esq., Preston
Hall, Dalkeith.

]\Ir. Pewin SIcDonald, late Gardener at Al-
derston, Haddington, has been appointed Head
Gardener to His Honour A. Dumbell, Esq.,
Bellaughton Castle, Douglas, Isle of 5Ian.

Mr. Benjamin Sutherland, late Gardener at
Meadowbank, Kirknewton, has been appointed
Head Gardener to M. H. Houstoun, Esq., Beech-
hill, Haddington.

sir. James McMubdo, late Foreman, Panmure,
Carnoustie, has been appointed Head Gardener
to R. St. John-Attwood Matthews, Esq.,
Pontiralas Court, Herefordshire.

Mr. Donald Dew^u!, late Gardener at Middle-
thorpe Lodge, York, has been appointed Head
Gardener to A, D. RiDDELL,Esq., Bedford House,
Colinton.

Mr. Alex. Mathieson, from the nurseries of
John Downie, Edinburgh, has been appointed
Gardener and Estate Manager to D. P. Sellar,
Esq., Corrimony, Inverness-shire.

October 15, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBB' CHRONICLE.

483

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others.— !t is very important in Remittmg by Postal Order
that it should be /tiled in payable to No. 42, DRl'RY LAiVh;
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the numb€r of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular ojjice, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B. -The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious
names are not foricarded, but are at once returned to the

NOTICE TO ADVERT ISERS.— In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, adilress, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identijitd at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remittiiig to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement ivhich they wish repeated.

Situations Wanted,

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every conti-
nence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
frst-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
.dencrs and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
,or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND SONS, The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— Several very supe-
rior MEN on our Books, whom we can recommend with
■utmost confidence. Established 1717.— AUSTIN and McAS-
L AN, NurserjTnen and Seedsmen, 16, Buchanan Street. Glasgow.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
«ome excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring; any of the abo^
jple.ise send full particuU
different capaciti

.vhen the oest selections for the
■ill be made. — Holloway, N.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.

— ,Tomf LOWNIE. Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his List a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re- engagements. He will be pleased to
supply full particulars to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

KICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN. who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.

MANAGER or GARDENER.— Middle-aged,
single; energetic. Thoroughly experienced in all branches
of the profession— the Rearing of Arboreous Trees, Manage-
ment of Woods and Plantations, and the Laying-out of Pleasure
Grounds and Ground Work generally. Good references.— R. C,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. WeltiugtonStreet, Strand, W.C.

NURSERY MANAGER, FOREMAN, or
TRAVELLER.— Age 31; twenty years' practical expe-
rience in all branches in London and Provincial Nurseries.
Five and a half years in present situation.— MANAGER,
Heath Nurseries, Moortown. near Leeds.

ORCHID GROWER, or FOREMAN ; age 25.
— J. StewakT, Langford Park Gardens, Maldon, Essex,
can with every confidence recommend his Foreman, E. Bristow,
who has been with him five years, as above. Twelve years'
experience in good establishments.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 48, married,
three children (youngest age 10) ; thorough practical
man. Twenty years in last situation. Left through death of
employer.— A. B., 13. Jerdan Place. Walham Green, S.W.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 29, married, one
in family ; energetic and competent. Has a thorough
knowledge of all branches. Sixteen years' experience. Well
recommended.^C. ENSOLL, Claydon. Winslow, Bucks.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— Geo. Smith,
Gardener, The Street, Chorley, Lancashire, will be
pleased to recommend his Foreman, R. Bateman, to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trustworthy man.
First-class experience in several leading establishments, in-
cluding Worksop Manor. Enville Hall, Eastnor Castle. &c.
Land and Stock if required.

f^ ARDENER (Head Working), where four

\jr or more are kept. — Age 32 ; eighteen years' experience
in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables ;
also Flower and Kitchen Garden. Excellent character and
references. — CHARLES ARTHUR TOLLY, Cowley, near
Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Head Working). —Under-
stands stock and Grass Land. Five years' character,
nine previous. Wife good Dairywoman. State wages given.
— G. STRICKLAND, Shillingstone, Blandford, Dorset.

GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 27,
married, fifteen years' experience. — A GE^TI.EMA^'
wishes to recommend his late Head Gardener, who lived with
him four years, and who is a thoroughly practical and reliable
man.— H., 7, Bishop's Road. London, N.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept.— Married, no family. Highly recom-
mended by late employers for honesty, sobriety, and skill in
all Garden and Hotliouse Work. Fifteen years in last place. —
W. D. ROWE. Pinner.

G'* ARDENER (Head Working).— Middle-
X aged, married ; thoroughly understands Eiirly and Late
Forcingof all kinds of Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables, and Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Excellent
references. — A. B., 5, Faroe Road, Hammersmith, W.

ARDENER (Head AVorking).— Married ;

successful Grower of Grapes, Melons, Cucumbers. Wall
Fruit. Good Flower and Kitchen Gardener. Six and a half
years' good character. — W. B., Longhurst Cottage, Bull Brook,
Bracknell, Berks.

GARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 42,
married, nofamily; thorough practical man in all brandies
of Gardening, Orchids, Early Forcing of all kinds of Fruits,
Flowers, &c. Twenty-five years' practical experience. Good
references.- H. P., 6, Lare-h Road. Bedford Hill, Balhdm. Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
SiNGLE-HANDKD).— Single; experienced both in Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. Total abstainer.
Disengaged.— H. TOMS, F. Pelham, Buntingford. Herts.

ARDENER (Head Working or good

Single-handed). — Age 84. married. A competent
energetic man of good character seeks re- engagement. — W.
FENNER, Great Alne. Alcester. Redditch.

GARDENER (Head, or good Second, where
several are kept. — A^ 30, single at present; under-
stands Stove. Greenhouse, X'ines, Melons, Peaches, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Good testimonials from last and previous
employers.— J. WICERS. 31. Halcroft Road, South Hackney. E.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him; age 3tj, married, four children. — A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses. Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons. Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
— Age 44 ; experienced in all branches ; will make liim-
self useful. Excellent character. — A. S., 9, Thrale Road,
Streatham, S.W.

GARDENER (Second), or charge of small
place. — Single; experianaed in all branches. Good
testimonials.— T. B., ■ItiA, Pall M»l[. London, S.W.

GARDENER (Under, Second where two or
thret> are kept). —Age 23; eight vears" experience.
Inside and Out.— WELLER, Ho(jkViOod, Thorley, Surrey.

FOREMAN, in a small Market Nursery, in the
Houses. — Age 23; three and a half years' good character.
State wages.— G. S., Rose Cott;ige, Linkfield Road. Isleworth.

To Gardeners.

FOREMAN. — Age 27^ good, energetic ; eleven
years' experience. — A., 3. Barlow Street, Pierremont
Crescent, Darlington.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24; well
up in Orchids, Stove, and Greenhouse Plants; also Fruit
under Glass. Can be well recommended. Bothy preferred. —
T. S., Upper Winchester Road. Catford. Kent.

FOREMAN. — Age 26 ; twelve years' expe-
rience in Early and Late Forcing. Well up in Plant
Growing and Table Decoration ; also Exhibition Work. Four
years Foreman in previous places. Highly recommended.-
E. BROWN, 26, Chariot Street. Hull.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 29;
well up in all branches of Cut Flower and Plant Trade,
including Wreaths, Bouquets, Set. Fourteen years' experience.
Highest testimonial as to ability and good character.- N. W.,
120, Upper Thrift Street, Northampton.

To Nurserymen, &c.

PROPAGATOR, GROWER, or SECOND.—
Age 2tj; well up in all branches of the trade. Could
Assist in Office Work as well.— H. P.. Gardeners' Chro>iicle
Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

PROPAGATOR (Second), in good establish-
ment.— .\ge 20; Well up in Rhododendrons, Conifera?,
Roses, &c. Four and a half years' reference from old-estab-
lished Arm.— BKIGGS, Courtlanda, Sandrock Koad, Tunbridge
Wells.

To Nurserymen and Market Growers.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant).— Age 22 ; well
up in Soft and Hard-wooded Propagation, &c. Good
character. Can be highly recommended. — KICHAED
LAWRENCE, Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead, Berks.

GROWER. — Wanted, a situation by a married
man, to grow Grapes, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, or
Stove and Greenhouse Plants and Flowers for Market. — A. B.,
Mr. T. Simpson's Nursery, Mildmay Road, Chelmsford.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a
good garden establishment.— Age 22 ; eight years' expe-
rience. Highly recommended. — .1. PRICE, Ewell Eoad,
Surbiton, Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN (Fiust), in the Houses, in
a good estiiblishment. — Age 21; ten years' experience.
Has a good knowledge of General Indoor Work. Good re-
ferences.- J. HERSEY, South Lodge, Pemberton Road, East
Molesey, Surrey.

IMPROVER.— Age 16; will pay Premium
where he will get a good practical knowledge of Green-
house Work; strong, active, aud trustworthy. Well recom-
mended —Rev. T. E. JAMESON. East Claydon Vicarage, Bucks.

IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 19 ; caa be well recommended.
Thoroughly steady and willing. Tliree years' experience. —
GARDENER, The Yews. Milborne Port, Sherborne, Somerset.

^rO MARKET GARDENERS.— Advertiser

-L has hail twelve years' practical experience in three large
Private Establishments in Growing Fruits and Flowers ;
wishes situation in a Market Garden, in the Houses. Well
recommended. Age 25. — CLARK, 1, Leicester Terrace, Knut-
field, Redhill, Surrey.

''PO GARDENERS, &c.— A young man (age

JL 20) requires a situation in the Houses. Has had five
years' experience Indoors and Out. — PITTS, ti, Ivy Terrace, Bad-
dow Road, Chelmsford, Essex.

^^O NURSERYMEN and MARKET

JL GROWERS.— Wanted, a situation for a Young Man (age
18), very quick at Potting, laying, and General Market Work.
— W. HKRNE, Hanbury Hall Gardens, Uroitwich.

highly recommend a good strong useful Lad for the
Garden — the Houses preferred. No objection to a small Pre-
mium, if in a good Private Garden, where he can gain a
thorough knowledge of Gardening. Age 17. Excellent charac-
ter from last employer.— W. VIDLER, near the Schools,
Horsemonden, Staplehurst, Kent.

M

ANAGER, or TRAVELLER.— Age 28;

years' experience in all branches. Highest

SHOPMAN, or MANAGER, and BOOK-

KEEPEli. — Age 29, married ; excellent references.

First-class experience. — QUEHCUS, Hillside, Cdnt«rbury
Grove, West Norwood. S.E.

Seedsman.

SHOPMAN, or WAREHOUSE MANAGER,
open for engagement. — Eighteen years' experience in all
branches; first-class testimonials, aud highest references. —
A. S. D., Tillie &. Turner, Edinburgh,

SHOPMAN. — Age 22 ; nine years' good prac-
tical experience. First-class references. Thorough
knowledge of the Trade.— OMEGA, 61, Noble Street, King
Richard Koad, Leicester.

Agricultural Seed Trade, &o.

SHOPMAN or AVAREHOUSEMAN.—
Age 26 : thorough knowledge of the business. Desires
re-engagement. Unexceptionable reference.- W.M. MUKRAY,
Clarke Cottage, North Street, Montrose, Scotland.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Age 21 ;
live years' experience. Good knowledge of Seeds and
Bulbs. Good references.- J. W. O., Kent St. Brydou, Darlington.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five
years' experience. Good knowledge of Plant and Seed
Trade. Good references.- JNO. HARDI.NG, St. Neots, Hunts.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 2.t; nine
years' experience in leading houses. Familiar with
every detail of business routine. Accustomed to a brisk Counter
Trade. Good Correspondent. Conversant with Nursery Stock.
Reference assuredly recommendatory.- ADVERTISER, Messrs.
R. B. Laird & Sons, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

Nursery and Seed Trade.

BO 0 K - K E E R E R and C A S H I E R.—
Tlioroughly experienced, desires engagement. First-
class testimonials. — X. X., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

TO FLORISTS, &c.— A young man (age lO")
seeks re- engagement. Two years' experience as Clerfe
and Cashier in a leading London Florist's. Highest references.
Would not mind helping in the working part of the business".
Terms moderate. — W. H., 3, Hilton Road, HoUoway, N.

TO SEEDSMEN, &c.— Wanted, first week in
November, a situation in General Office Work ; three
years' experience in England, nine months in Germany, six
months in France. Age 20^.— P. M. BUCK, 74, Grand Rue,
Bourg-la-Reine, Paris.

0 TABLE DECORATORS.— Wanted, a

situation as above. — Age .30, married; thoroughly expe-
rienced. Good character. — W. G., Elm Cottage, Richmond
Hill, Surrey.

HOLLOAVAY'S PILLS.— Easy Digestion.—
TheS'j admirable Pills cannot be too highly appreciated
for tlie wholesome power they exert over all disorders of the
stomach, liver, bowels, and kidneys. They instantaneously-
relieve and steadily work out a thorough cure, and iu its
course dispels headache, biliousness, liatulence, and depression
of spirits. It is wonderful to watch the daily improvement of
the complexion, as Holloway's Pills purify the blood and
restore plumpness to the face which had lo.st both flesh and
colour. These Pills combine every excellence desirable in a
domestic remedy. The most certain and beneficial results
flow from the occasional use of this regulating medicine; even
persons in health, or when following sedentary occupations,
I will And it an invaluable aperient.

484

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOBKE 15, 1887.

FOSTER k PEARSON,

BEESTON, NOTTS.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HEATING ENGINEERS.

ESTABLISHED 1841.

SPATSr FRAME, 6 ft. and 8 ft. wide.

THE BEST SPAN FRAMES EVER INTRODUCED.— HUNDREDS SOLD!

SPAN FRAME

FOR BRICK WALLS,
With Lantern Ventilator

SECTION NO. 7.

1(3 X 1(J
20 X 10
24 X 10
28 X 10
32 X 10
36 X 10
40 X 10
44 X 10
48 X 10
52 X 10

SPAN FRAME

FOR BRICK WALLS,

\\ ith Lanten

Ventilator.

SECTION NO. 10.

Feee. Feet,
12 X 12 . .

£ s. d.
14 7 0

10 X 12 . ,

17 10 0

JO X 12 . ,

20 12 0

24 X 12 .,

24 5 0

2> X 12 . .

27 1.-) 0

32 X 12 . .

31 .'-. 0

3b X 12 ..

34 15 0

40 X 12 . .

38 0 0

4 1 X 12 . .

41 15 0

1- X 12 ..

45 5 0

r,2 X 12 . .

48 10 0

SECTION No. 10, House 12 ft. wide.

SURREY.

" I am much pleased with the house." — Dr. Hogg,
Editor of the Journal vf Horticulture.

LANCASHIRE.

'' The two Frames receix'ed from you were very
easy to fix by the instructions given ; and having
taken a little time to test them ; I am pleased to say
they are very satisfactory." — Mr. Wm. Fox,
Gardener to His Grace the Duke of Devonshire,
Holker, Carke-in-Cartmel.

SOMERSET.

" I am well satisfied with the Frame you sent
me." — J. B. Baqehot, Esq., Langport, Somerset.

LEAN-TO FRAME, 3 ft. and 4 ft. wide.

Editorial Communi cations should bo addressed to " The Editor; " AdvertiBements and Buainesai^etters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by Wiixiau Rioha&ds, at the Office of Messrs. Bruibubt, AONSW 8l Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Cityof London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by tb»
Hid WXLUAM fUOKAADi, at th« Office, 41, WelliDgtoQ Street. Parish mt St. Paul's, Ooreat Garden, La the said Oouaty.— ^aturdax. Octubor Vo, imj. Agent for Manchester— John HetwOOD.

Established

No. 43.-V0L. 11. {i:-^}

CONTENTS.

Adiantum Fergusoni ...
Allotment Act. the new.
.\neruone isulphurea var.

Bees, first swarms of ...
Campanula turbinata

Canker in Apple trees ,,,

Caspary, Dr. K

Caltleya Miss Harris ...
Ceratotheca triloba
Chambre Syndicale
Chrysanthemum shows...
Crinum Moorei ...
Cucumber, a new yellow

„ peculiarities
Cypripedium Charles

Canham

Dahlias, Cactusand Deco-

Electric light and plants
English show, aforeiguer's

iaeaofan

Florists' flowers

Flower garden

Fruits under glass
Hardy fruit garden
Hellebore, Riverston var.

Hop-louse, the

Irish garden, notes from

Isle of Man, holiday jot-
tings in

Japanese varieties of He-
paticu aud Adonis

Lffilia Novelty

Lapageria, white turning

Law notes

Lilies, potting and the

Lilium speciosum vars....

Opium iu China

Orchid notes

Orchids at Williams' ...

Pea. Telephone

Planta and their culture

Rock garden

Rose La France

Koses, New, of 1887

„ „ in the North ...

Scotland

Scottisli Arbori cultural

Society

Seed harvest of 1887
Silkworms, Japanese ...
Table decorations

Telopea oreades

Weather, the

"Whatisit?"

White Lodge, Richmond

Park

Illustrations.

Ceratotheca trilob.-i

Crinura Moorei

Cucumber, a new yellow

Roots, 1

3 of; "Whati

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBBRS.—All Numbers
of the '■^ Gardeners Chronicle'' froin January 1
of this year are still to be had.

p K Y IS T A L PALACE

\J GREAT CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW. NOVEMBER 4
and 5. Entries Clyae October 28. Schedules on application to
Mr. HEAD. Garden Superintendent. Crystal Palace, S.E.

EINGSTONandSURBITON
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The ELEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held in
the Drill Hall. Kingston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November 8 and 9. when, in addition to valuable Money Prizes,
the Champion Challenge Vase, value 2S Guineas, will be
offered. Entries Close November 3. Schedules and further
particulars of

Fife Road. Kingston on-

T. JACKSON, Hon. Sec.

NATIONAL CHRY8ANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.
ROYAL AQUARIUM. WESTMINSTER.
GRAND EXHIBmON—CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUIT, and
VEGETABLES— WEDXESDAY and THURSDAY, November
t| and 10.

The Floral Committee will meet October 26. November 9, 2.3,
and December 7. See Schedule, free on application to

Mr. WILLIAM HOLMES,
Frampton Park Nurseries. Hackney, E,

THE BATH CHKYSANTHEMUM yHOW,
NOVEMBER 9 and 10, 1887. For Prize Scliedules, apply
*°14. Milsom Street. Bath. ^ENJ. PEARSON. Secretan'.

HUDDEKSFIELD CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOW, FRIDAY and SATURDAY. November 11 and 12.
Schedules and Entry Forms may be obtained from the Secretary.
Entries Close. Friday, Nov. 4. jq^.^ ^^^^ g^^^ ^j^^^^

WATFORD CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.
President — The Right Hon. the Earl of Clarendon.
The SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS and other AUTII.MNAL FLOWERS and FRUITS will
be held in the ARricultural Hall, "Watford, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, November 15 and 16. Entries Close on Thurs-
day, November 10. For Schedules and Entry Forms, apply to
CHAS. R. HUMBERT. Hon. Sec. and Treasurer.
Watford, Herts.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1887.

Newspaper./ Price 3d>K

t POST-FKEE, 3Jd. I

OUTTON'S BULB

O containing accurate descriptic
leading kinds of Narcissus. Hyaci
with complete Cultural Instru'ctioi
intendiug purchasers.

SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen

CATALOGUE,

as and illustrations of the
iths, and Tulips, together
ls, Gratis and post-free to

I Seedsi

READING.

TEA ROSES for Autumn
ing.— Fine healthy Plant.s in
I2s., IRs.. and 24s. per dozen ; extra
of MARECHAL NIEL, GLOIRE
HYBRID, &c.. Zs. 6rf. to .'>s.

J. ROBSON, The Bowdon Nui

and Winter Flower-
pots, full of flower-buds,
strong plants, 8 to 10 feet.
DE DIJON, CHESHUNT

■series, Altrincham.

The

OASPBERRY' CANES to SELL. —

XV famous Carter's Prolific for llavour and cropping ;

equalled ; at per luOO. Not less than 500 Canes supplied.
For particulars, apply to

ALBERT BATH, Sevenoaks, Kent.

13 ASPBERRY CAKES, selected Fastolf, 30a. ;

-i- V 31 rona Carter's, 40s. per 1000.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS, Sir Joseph Paxton, 12j. per 1000.
Terms cash.
R. BATH, Osborne Farm, Wisbeach.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NUR.SERTMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Coveut Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boies and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" CO.MMISSION, SIDCUP."

ANTED, Rooted Layers, named CARNA-

TIONS, PICOTEES, and SHOW PINKS, various
HEPATICAS, Double VIOLETS, in clumps; Double Crimson
PRIMROSES ; Double, Fancy, and Pompon DAHLIAS ;
GLOXINIAS, ACHLMENES, TYP.EAS, and HERBACEOUS
PLANTS in clumps ; named Gold-laced POLYANTHUS,
various FLORIST FLOWERS. Autumn End Summer Fruiting
Yellow RASPBERRY CANES.

Address, Z. Z., OIBce of this paper, with lowest Cash price
per 100.

UCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS, GAR-

DENIAS, &c.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed for
good and well-packed Blooms of a'oove.

WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C.

pUT FLOWERS PURCHASED. — Cash

\-J remittance following day.— MOYSES STEVENS. Florist,
22, Stockbridge Terrace, Victoria Street, W., and 44, Weston
Hill, Upper Norwood, S.E.

WANTED, "White CHRYSANTHEMUMS
and Choice White Flowers in quantity. Regular supply.
Good prices given.— G. PHIl'PEN, F.R.H.S., Florist, Reading.

WANTED, Layers of CARNATIONS in
good varieties, also a few large plants of IMANTO-
PHYLLUM MINIATUM. State prices to

JOHN WALKER, The Gardens, Waltham Hall, Grimsby,

WANTED, price per 100 of GLADIOLUS,
BRENCHLEYENSIS; others wanted. Also CATA-
LOGUE.—D. BUCHANAN, Nurseryman, Carlisle Street,
Mackay, Queensland.

WANTED, Large Specimens of PALMS,
such as SEAFORTHIAS, KENTIAS, AREOAS,
CORYPHAS, LATANIAS, &c. State lowest cash price to
W. WEEKS. Nurseryman, 440, Fulham Road. S.W.

WANTED, I'idler's Reading Giant and
Fidler's Clipper POTATOS, in any quantity. Full
particulars to

C. FIDLEB, Potato Grower, Reading,

''PO the SEED TRADE.— WANTED, at once,

-L COUNTERS, and every description of FITTINGS for Seed
Warehouse.— Prices and full particulars, AGRICULTURAL AND
HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION, CreekRoad,Deptford. S E.

WANTED, TO HIRE, within easy distance
of London, close to Railway Station, or where good
Local Trade could be done, 400 to 500 feet of GLASS, in good
condition, well heated, suitable for Fruit Growing. State full
particulars, with lowest price, to J. B., Mr. Barker, Spring-
field Terrace, Springfield Read. Chelmsford.

PAUL AND SON'S Rose CATALOGUE,
and also the Descriptive Fruit and Tree LISTS, are now-
ready. Post-free from

The " Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt, N.

B

ARR'S SELECTED BULBS

have gained many Medals and Prizes I Prices moderate I
Quality unsurpassed! Full descriptiveCataloguefree on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Ros-.s, Fruit Trees, Ac.
pHARLES TURNER'S Autumn

\J CATALOGUE is now ready, and may be had free on
application. It contains full collections of Roses, Fruit Trees,
Coniferie, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and Shrubs.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

ARDY ALPINE and HERBACEOUS

PLANTS.— Send for a CATALOGUE.
T. SMITH, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry.

To those about to Plant Rosea, &c.

EVVING AND Co., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old varieties.

MAIDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per dozen
bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames.

riARNATION " MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE."

V-^ — A sterling novelty. See Large Advertisement in issue
of Sept. 10. 1887. CATALOGUES on application.
JAMES DICKSON & SONS. " Newton ' Nurseries. Chester.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 0 teet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamgeropa excelsa, and Phcenix recliuata — from 10s. per ppir,
GARDENER. Holly Lo.lge, Stamford Hill. London. N.

Grandest Violet ever Offered.

ME. J. CHAMBERS, Westlake Nurseries,
Isleworlh, London, W., is now sending out his New
Double VIOLET " VICTORIA." Strong Plants, full of fiower-
buds, at Is. tj^. each, or 18s. per dozen, free by post. All orders
to be accompanied with remittance. Trade price on application.
First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society. A pril 12. 1 887.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.-r-Strong, care-
fully selected Forcing Crowns of the true Berlin sorts,
at 305 per 1000, carriage free to London, payable on delivery,
are offered by

FRITZ LENZ. Schidlitz, near Danzig. Germany.

BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.
Awarded Four Gold Medals.
Laing'3 Double and Single Collection is the largest, finest,
and the most complete in existence. New Seed just harvested.
Priced LISTS free on application.

JOHN LAIXG AXD SONS. The Nurseries, Forest Hil'.
London. S.E.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom. near Haarlem. Holland, beg to offer CllIONO-
DOXA LUCILIiE (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

KENTIA MOOREI.— We have received a
small consignment of SEED of this rare and elegant
AUSTRALIAN PALM, in splendid condition. Height 6 feet.
WiU be sure to be much sought after when more known.

Price, 100 Seeds, 22s. id. ; 600 Seeds. 90s.
WATSON AKD SCULL, 90, LowerThamesStreet, London, E.C,

TRITELEIA UNIFLORA, Blooming Roots,
.^s. per 1000.
DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLETS, Purple or White, 20s. per 1000.
BLUE GRAPE HYACINTHS, hs. per 1000.

HOPWOOD, Belle Vue Nursery, Cliellenham.

EACH TREES (Large Fan-trained)— Early

Grosse Mignonne, Early Louise, Sea Eagle, &c. Some
large PEACH TREES in pota. aud some fine FRUITING
PEARS in pots. All good kinds, and remarkably healthy.
Others want more room. Buy large trees, and save waiting
six years. Call and see, or write to

W. H. DIVERS, Ketton Hall, Ketton, near Stamford,

486

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcToBEE 2?, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Catalogues.

MESSRS. PROTliKilOE and MOUPJS
desire to call attention to their numerous Sales as
announced in the following advertiaementa.

They will be pleased to add to their permanent lists the
names of gentlemen desirous of receiving a regular supply of
Catalogues.

67 and 68, Cheap.sido. London. E.G.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS. — GKE.VT UNRESERVED SALES.

MKSSRS. PKOTIIEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Room^,
67 and li8, Cheap^ide. London, E.G.. every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Blcbmond.

TWO DAYS' SALE of remarkably well-grown and healthy
NURSERY STOCK, now in excellent condition. By
order of Messrs. G. & W. Steell.
To Gentlemen, Landscape Gardeners, Nurserymen, Builders,
and others extensively engaged in planting.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Gas Field
and Sheen Common Nurseries, Richmond, within easy reach of
the Richmond Railway Station, Surrey, on MONDAY and
TUESDAY, October 24 and 25. at 11 for 12 o'Clock precisely
each day a large quantity of unusually well-grown NURSERY
STOCK, in capital condition for removal, consisting of Thou-
sands of Couifers and Evergreens in various sizes ; large quan-
tities of Ornamental Trees such as Lombardy and otlier Poplars,
Limes, Horse Chestnuts. Deciduous Shrubs, in variety ; thou-
sands of Laurels, of sorts, 3 to 7 feet ; variegated and green
Hollies, for which this Nursery is celebrated, comprising Stan-
dard. Golden, and Silver, variegated, 6 to 13 feet; weeping
and green ditto, 6 to 8 feet stems ; Rhododendron ponticum,
for potting and large plants, 2 to 5 feet high ; standard hybrid
Rhododendrons with good heads. Thousands of Fruit Trees,
consisting of large quantities of Plums of the best market
sorts, including Victoria and Gisbon. Standard Apples, &c. ;
very large Irish Ivies, in pots; 100,000 English-grown Nar-
cissus poeticus, &c.

The stock may now be viewed. Catalogues can be obtained
of Messrs. G. &. W. Steell. The Nurseries, Ricliraond, S.W.,
and of the Auctioneers and \':tluL'rs, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.G., and Leyton^ton(^ 10.

Tuesday Next.

ORCHIDS IN FLOWER. -SPECIAL SALE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
willSELLby AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT,
October 25, at half-past ]2 o'Clock precisely, ORCHIDS in
FLOWER, from various collections, including —
Ccelogyne cristata alba, two I Lcelia elegans Tumeri, with
grand pieces seven extra large and very

Miltonia Reguelli, several new dark flowers .
and special varieties | Cypripedium Spicerianum

Oncidiums, Odontoglossums, Masdevallias, &c.
Also Bateman's " SECOND CENTURY of ORCIUDACEOUS
PLANTS," and Volume IV. of the " ORCHID ALBUM,"
imbound.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.

LJELIA ELEGANS TURNERI,
a unique and wonderful variety, having seven very large and
dark coloured flowers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call special attention to the above valuable
plant included in tli.ir SALE on TUESDAY NEXT, tlie
26th inst.

On view morniTig of Sale, and Cntalognes had.

Wednesday Next.

7000 LILIUM AURATUM.

Splendid bulbg just received from Japan, the first consignment

this season.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include the above in their SALE ou WEDNESDAY
NEXT, October 26.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.

The New Plant and Bulb Company in Liquidation.
ABSOLUTE SALE, without the le.ast Keserve, by order of the

Official Receiver.
The First Portion of the extensive Stock of NARCISSI, ANE-
MONES, rare TULIPS, CHIONODOXA, Slc, comprising

M"ESSRS.""pRbTHEROE and MORRIS
will include the above in their SALE on WEDNESDAY
NE.<r, October 26.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Islewortb.

ANNUAL SPECIAL TRADK SALE of Thousands of beauti-
fnlly i_>r,.ni. CONIFERS and GOLDEN EUONYMUS, for
innn'-'li;il.' potting, window-boxes, or for growing-oii, by
nrdiT ot .\I.-:.-rs. C. Lee & Sons.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
The Wood Lane Nursery, Isleworth, five minutes' walk from
the Railway Station, on WEDNESDAY, October 26, at
12 o'Clock precisely, 3000 CUPRESSUS LAWSONII ERECTA
VIRIDIS, 1 foot to 3 feet; 6000 various CONIFEROUS
SHR'HS, Tree, Variegated, and Hardwick BOX; 1000
RKTINOSPORAS of sorts, AUCUBAS, 3000 of the best
OOL!iKN EUONY.MUS, 1000 CLEMATIS JACKMANNI, and
other Mirts; SILVER EUONYMUS, 3000 Dwarf H.P.ROSES,
500 AMl'ELOPSIS VEITCHII, 300 of the finest trained
PEA'MIKS and NECTARINES, 2000 Standard VICTORIA
PLUMS, and other Slock.

M ly now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, or at
the Royal Vinevard Nursery. Hammersmith ; and of the
AuotioiL'iTs and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E,C.,
uud Leytonstone, E.

Wadneaday Next,

7000 splendid Bulbs ot LILIUM AURATUM from Japan (the
first Consignment this season), the First Portion of the
extensive Stock of NARCISSI, ANEMONES, rare TULIPS,
&c., of the New Plant and Bulb Company, Colchester— in
Liquidation (for ABSOLUTE SALE). AZALEAS, PALMS,
and other Plants, from Belgium ; FERNS, splendid Bulbs
of various English-grown LILIES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS,
in choice assortment ; HY'ACINTHS, TULIPS, and other
DUTCH BULBS ; in all about 1000 lota.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E,C., on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, October 26, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Brlgbton.

Sale'ofThousandsofEUONY.MUSaud other NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. J.Thomas to SELL by AUCTIO^f,
on the Premises, The Elm Grove Nursery. Elm Grove, Brighton,
on WEDNESDAY, October 26, at 12 o'Clock precisely, 25,000
Green EUONYMUS. varying in height from 1 toot to 6 feet,
and including a large number of very fine bushy plants; also
about 600 VERONICAS, 500 THUIA AUREA, and other Stocks.
May be viewed two days prior to the Sale. Catalogues can
be obtained on the premises; or of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
67 and 68. Cheapside. E.C.. and Leytonstone. E.
Streatbam, S.W.
Seven minutes' walk from Streatham or Streatham Common
Stations. — Unreserved Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. J. Reed & Sons to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises. The Nursery, Mitcham Road,
Streatham, S.W., on THURSDAY, October 27, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, a large quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK,
consisting of aline assortment of Ornamental Trees, particu-
larly suitable for street and avenue planting varying in height
from 5feet toSOfeet; thousands of oval-leaved Privt?t. Laurels,
Berberis, Aucubas, Cupressus, Euonymu*, Arbor-vita's, large
quantities of Fruit Trees, Standard and Dwarf Roses, Flowering
Shrubs, aud Hardy Herbaceous Plants.

May now be viewed. Catalogues can be had on the Pre-
mises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Ascot.

ANNUAL SALE of well-grown and thriving G0NIFER;E and
EVERGREEN SHRUBS, and other NURSERY STOCK, by
order of Messrs. J. Stiindish & Co.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Royal Nur-
series, Ascot, Berks, 1 mile from the railway station, on
THURSDAY and FRIDAY, October 27 and 28, at 12 o'Clock
precisely each day, several acres oE remarkably well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, which has been carefully prepared for re-
moval, consisting of 8500 Conlfera? and Evernrr'iii^. in various
sizes, from 2 to ti feet, and v'ri i'iilirl^ .ni,,).!, .1 r,.r rfft'ctive
planting; 5000 Laurels, of -,. n (-,;' i .■■..■,> . . \ ., ri,'^';ited
and Green Hollies. 1^ to 5 ^ i ! , ; : < ^ I'l^ on.

1500 Standard and Dwarf K.-. -, _■.■■' iu; . ;■ . i-u ,r.iii.. Iulh)
Dwarf-trained, Standard, tuid rjj.uiiid 1 iu,t ii. c-. i.iiiu White
Currants, 3500 Larch, 4 to 5 feet ; Standard Ornamenlal Trees,
also a choice assortment of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, in-
cluding Azaleas, Camellias, Palms, Ferns, Ericas, &c.

The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues can be had on
the Premises, and of tlie Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.G., and Leytonstone, E.

Friday Next.

ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM. Rchb. f.
Magnificent New Importation,

MESSRS. PROTPIEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.,
on FRIDAY NEXT. October 28, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, a large importation of this magnificent new ORCHID,
and one of the finest Mr. Sander has been privileged to offer.
The plants have arrived in excellent order and condition, with
fine healthy breaks. The gigantic and numerous flower-spikes
on plants indicate that this species is extremely floriferous,
and the colouring of its large blossoms is indescribably rich
and beautiful. It is a free grower, having extremely diverse
pseudobulbs, from which abundant variation and quite new
forms may be expected. The brilliant and beautiful colouring
of this novelty is unrivalled, and it must be considered one of
the grandest introductions of the century. It is fully described
by Professor Reichenbach in the Gardeners' Chronicle, October 14,
18S6, p. 486, where he says :— " This is a grand and most
unexpected surprise."

ODONTOGLOSSUM MIRANDUM.

At the same time will be offered a fine lot of this pretty
ORCHID, which is very scarce in its native habitat. Its
flowers are large, and dark chocolate, bordered with bright
yellow, and very showy.

The Sale will include a quantity of the brilliant and hand-
some GATTLEYA SANDERIANA, with large and fine-looking
bulbt; strong plants of the rare ODONTOGLO.SSUM LUTEO-
PURPUREUM SCEPTRUM, CYPRIPEDIUM SGHLIMII.
GATTLEYA AUREA, fine pieces ; ANGR.ECUM LEONII,
AERIUES ROEBELENir, MYSTACIDIUM FILIGORNE, aud
many other choice and valuable ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sole, and Catalogues had.

Caterham. surrey.

THREE DAYS' CLEARANCE SALE of the whole of the
VALUABLE NURSERY STOCK. By order of the Execu-
tors of the late Mr. G. .1. Woollctt. Without reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORUIS are
favoured with instructions fn-tri Mm I"^. ■ ,* i . fu SELL
byAUCTIONonthe Premises, theNui' ' ' .Surrey,

on TUESDAY, November 1, and i : . i,y^, at

12 o'clock precisely each day, without t. -. i . . . i i p..rtion,

comprising .several acres of beauLiluUj ^(w.\u .N L liSERY

STOCK, including the following :—

10,000 Common Laurel.'i, 2 to I 1.000 Oval-lcavcd Privet

■li feL't Thousandsof Conifers, varying

600 Portugal Laurels. 2 to in size, for effective

4 feet planting

2,000 Standard, Pyramid, and Standartl Trees, 12 to 15 feet

Trained Fruit Trees 1,200 Clematis
1,000 American Arbor-vitre. 500 English Yews

1 to 6 feet 1

May now be viewed. Catalogues raay be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheap-
aide, London, E.G., and Leytonstone, E.

Tottenham, N.

ANNUAL SALE of remarkably well-grown NURSERYgTOCK,
HERBACEOUS PLANTS, aud BULBS, by order of Mr. T.
S. Ware, for the growth of which he has gained so great a
reputation.

Important to the Trade and Private Buyers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
The Hale Farm Nurseries, Totteoh;im. N.. adiomm.' the Tot-
tenham Hale Station, Great East. m linlw ,v, ,,1, lllliSDAY,
November 1. at 11 o'Clock precis-l . : i . ,. i,il' of the

large number of lots, a great quuntii , ..i m miiy grown

and thriving NURSERY STOCK, cum i",i 1. 11,^.- liu;irf Roses

of the best sorts ; 5000 bushy oval-leaved Privet, 'd to 5^ feet;
5000 Standard Ornamental Trees, including Planes, Poplars,
and Limes, with clean stems, and good heads; &000 Ornamen-
tal Conifers and Deciduous Shrubs. 10,000 Hardy Climbers, in
pots, all well grown ; 60U0 Border and other Carnations, in
pots, amongst which are 2000 Pride of Penshurst; Tree Carna-
tions, in variety; 50.000 exceptionally strong Seakale and
Asparagus, for forcing; 2000 Showy Herbaceous Plants. Bulbs.
Standard and Trained Fruit Trees; 5000 Gooseberries. Currants
and Raspberries ; 20,000 Crowns and Clumps Ldy of the Valley,
for forcing; 2000 Lilies, of sorts; Narcissus, 5000 very strong
Christmas Roses, 1000 Hollyhocks. 20U0 Pyrethrums, Pceouies,
and other items too numerous to mention in an advertisement.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
67 and 68. Cheapside, London. E.G., and Leytonstone. E.

N.B.~The Stock is in excellent condition and an inspection
is particularly invited.

Hftrrow, N.W.

Sale of well-grown NURSERY STOCK and GREENHOUSE

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. Naylor to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premi6ef4T-Sfrr--H*kla^- Nttrserv, Ro»«th, Harrow, off AVEIT-
NESDAY, November 2, at \2 o'Clock precisely, a lan'e
quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, consisting of a
general assortment of Conifers and Evergreens, Roses, Fruit
Trees, Greenhouse Plants in variety. Ferns, &c.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.,
and Leytonstone, E.

Seaford, Surrey.

(Ten minutes' walk from the Railway Station.)

UNRESERVED SALE, the Land being required for other

purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by B. Lambe, Esq.. to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the BLECHINGTON NURSERY, Seaford,
on WEDNESDAY, November 3, at 11 o'Clock precisely, 60,000
EUONYMUS, 1 to 3 feet, good bushy plants, admirably
adapted for planting on the sea coast; Chinese ARBOR-
Vrr^; CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, HABDY HERBACEOUS
PLA>TS, &c.

Maybe viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises; at the
Seaford Bay Hotel, Seaford; and of the Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London. E.C. and Leytonstone.

Sundridge. Kent.

By order of the Mortgagee, about 2^ miles from Brastead, aud
4 miles from Sevenoaks and Diinton Green Stations.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises.
Mr. Cattell's Nursery, Ide Hill, Sundridge, Kent (preceding
the Sale of the NURSERY STOCK), on FRIDAY, November 4,
at 12 o'clock punctuallj', the valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE,
possessing a commanding frontage to the road of about 360 feet
by a considerable depth, and containing an area of about 2§
acres, adapted for the erection of Cottages or, from the excel-
lent quality of the soil, to continue as Nursery Grounds.

Particulars, with Plan, may be had of Mr. C. F. GATTELL,
Bourne Nursery, Golden Green, near Tonbridge, at the principal
local Inns, of Messrs, HARVEY and CAPRON, Solicitors, 41.
Bedford Row, W.C. ; Messrs. ALBERRY and LUCAS, Solicitors.
Midhurat ; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.,
and Leytonstone, E.

N.E.— The w hole of the valuable Nursery Stock will be offeied
in suitable lots after the Sale of the Laud, see fallowing Ad-
vertisement.

Sundridge, Kent.

Two and a half miles from Brastead Station.
CLE^iRANCE SALE of thriving young NUhSERY STOCK.
Important to Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MOPJITf^ ar."
instructed to SELL by AUCTION. >mi . n

the Premises, Mr. C. F. Cattell's Nursery, hi' !
(the owner giving np business at Ide Hill), mim I ! : ^iir
the Sale of the Freehold Estate, on FBIDAY. .\oninli,r -l. at
half-past 12 o'Clock, precisely, the whole of the well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, comprising 1600 bushy Laurestinua, 3600
Laurels, Sfcet; 1300 English Yews, 5000 Spruce Firs, thousands
of Conifers in various sizes. UXiO Thuias of sorts. 1000 Cupressus
Lawsoniana, Ornamental Forest and Fruit Tree-.. 3500 Cur-
rants, 50OO Apple Stocks, Standard and Dwarf Roses, &c.

May be viewed, and Catalogues had, .Ts in preceding adver-
tisement; and of the Anitioiieers, 67 and 6», Clu-apside,
London, E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

Sales of Nursery Stock.

MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce the FOLLOWING SALES, in addi-
tion to those advertised above ; —
NOVEMBER 7 and 8.— At the NURSERY, PENCE. By

order of Mr. E. B. Haynes.
NOVEMBER 8 and 9.— At the NURSERIES, TWICKENHAM,

By order of the Executors of the late Mr. R. Laing.
NOVEMRER 10 and ll.-At the AMERICAN NURSERIES,
LEYTONSTONE. By order of the Executors.
Catalogues forwat-dclon application.

Bulba~Bulb3 Bulb3.

MR, J. C, STEVENS will Si;i.L by AUCTION,
at his Great Booms, 38, KiiigStreet,Covent Garden, W.C,
every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, First-class

October 22, 1887.]

TEE QABDEKEBS' CHEONICLE.

487

Tuesday NeXt.-(Snle No. 7519.)
DUTCH BULK 3. EXTRA SAIE.

MR. J. C, STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Gretit Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Qarden. W,C., on TUESDAY NEXT, October 25, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a cousignment of BULBS in
great variety, just received direct from Holland, and specially
lotted to suit large buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Mllford Nurseries, neax Godalmlng, Surrey.

Three-quarters of a mile from Milford Station, and 1 mile from
New Godalmin<» Station on tlie direct Portsmouth Lme.

ANNUAL SALES.

IMPORTANT THREE DAYS' SALE of FIRST-CLASS

NURSERY STOCK.

MR. J. C. STEVENS ■Brill SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises as above, on TUESDAY,
WEDNESDAY, and THURSDAY, October 26, 28, and 27, 1887,
at 11 for 12 o'clock precisely each day, by order of Mr. Maurice
Young, a portion of the beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK,
in capital condition for removal, including —
4,000 Bushy LAURELS, IJ to 2J feet.
10,000 Strong Evergreen PRIVET, 3 to 4 feet.
1,000 BERBERIS DARWINII, 2 to 3 feet.
1,000 Tree BOX, 3 to 3 feet.

600 AUCUBAS, IJ to 2J feet.
6,000 Clioice named RHODODENDRONS and PONTICUM.
1.000 AZALEAS. ANDRO.MEDAS, and HARDY HEATHS.
7,000 SPRUCE FIRS, 1 to 4 feet, suitable for Christmas Trees

or for Plantations.
4,000 PINUS AUSTRIACA, IJ to 2J feet.
1,600 ABIES DOUGLASII, 2 to 4 feet.
3,600 CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 3 to 4 feet.
3,500 BETINOSPOKAS in variety, IJ to 3 feet.
60,000 ASH, 1 to 2 fett.
4.000 Strong ALDER, 4 to 6 feet.
10,000 Strong SYCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet.
10,000 Strong WITHY, 4 to 6 feet.
75.000 Strong QUICKS.
10,000 2-yr. Seedling ASPAR.VGUS.

Choice STANDARD and DWARF ROSES.
Ornamental DECIDUOUS TREES.
FLOWERING SHRUBS.

Standard and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, CLIMBING

PLANTS, &c.

May be viewed a week prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be

had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 3S. King Street.

Covent Garden. London. W.C.

Tbe Second Fortlon of the Lovatt Collection of
ORCHIDS. Without Reserve.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from Henry Lovatt. Esq., of Low Hill, near Wolverhamp-
ton to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, without reserve, on THURS-
DAY, October 27, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the second
portion of this well-knoivn COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, com-
ngst other fine things

Cattleya Trianie alba, true

Lselia harpophylla

„ aurea, six breaks

Odontoglossum Roezlii,

,, Sanderiana, six and eight

twentv-six breaks

floweriDg breaks

Cypripedium Stonei, ten

,, Mendelii, specimens

breaks

,, crispa superba, specimen

,, Bosalli. Sec.

,, Warueri, tine varieties

Vanda ccerulea, in flower

Dendrobes in variety

., suavis, specimens

Lcelia purpurata, specimens

,, tricolor, specimens

Phalsenopsis Schillenana, amabilis. and Stuartiana, very

large and fine plants.

Saccolabiums, large pieces, Sec.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalog^ues had.

Bagshot, Surrey.

IMPORTANT SALE of THOUSANDS of FRUIT TREES,
HOLLIES, LAURELS. CONIFERS, RHODODENDRONS,
AZALEAS, and a general assortment ot HARDY SHRUBS,
and TREES, being the contents of an outlying Nursery for
absolute clearance.

To which will be added a very large and varied stock of
most of the valuable NURSERY TREES and SHRUBS
in existence.

MR. J. G. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. Charles Noble to SELL by AUCTION on
the Premises, .as above, situated half a mile from Sunningdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

November 7, 8, and 9 ;
MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

November 21, 22, and 23 ;

MONDAY, TUESDAY', and WEDN'ESDAY,

December 6, 6, and 7 :

at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day.

Mav be viewed one week prior to Sale. Catalogues had on

the Premises, and of Mr. J. C. STEVENS, Auction Rooms and

Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Upper Tooting Park, S.W.

Five minutes' walk from Balham Station.
To Gentlemen, Gardeners, Nurserymen, Builders, and others.

MR. ROBT. W. FULLER, MOON and
FULLER will SELL by AUCTION, by order ot Mr.
John R. Box, without reserve, to clear surplus stock, on the
Grounds, Upper Tooting Park, S.W.. on MONDAY, October 24.
at U for half-past 11 o'clock. NURSERY STOCK, in excellent
condition for removal, consisting of thousands of Conifers and
Shrubs, including Cupressus, Finns, Cedars, Retinosporas,
Yews, Thuias, large Aucubas, Laurels, Privet, Hollies, &c. ;
Forest and Ornamental Trees, including Planes, Limes, Birch,
Chestnuts, Mountain Ash, &c.; also great quantities of Ivies,
together with specimen Palms, Tree Ferns, Azaleas, C amellias,
and other Stock.

The Stock may be viewed the week previous to the Sale, and
Catalogues had at Mr. JOHN R. BOX'S Seed Warehouses,
118, North End, Croydon, and Balham Hill, S.W. ; on the
Premises, and at the Auctioneers' OlBces, 83, High Street,
Croydon.

Choice Camellia Trees, Azaleas, and Other

GREENHOUSE PLANTS. FARM IMPLEMENTS. DAIRY
UTENSILS, a Mi eh COW, SLveral head of POULTRY, a
Silver PHEASANT, and numerous effecti.

MESSRS. JAMIESON and STANHAM
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the Clock House
Farm. "West Hill, Wandsworth, 3.W., on THURSDAY NEXT,
October 27, at 1 o'clock.
Catalogues ot the Auctioneers, U. The Hill, Putney, S.W.

FOR SALE, a small NURSERY, SEED, and
FLORIST'S BUSINESS, in first-rate locality. Good
Jobbing Ccounection, which, by energetic man, may be largely
extended.
Particulars of F. R. BRUCE, Uxbridge Road, Ealing Dean.

FOR SALE, a MARKET NURSERY,
within 7 miles of Covent Garden, in a good position
where a large private Trade could be done. About 2 acres
of Land, on which there is about 14.000 feet of Glass. Held on
long lease with option of purchase. Shop doing good traae in
Cut and Stand in Covent Garden in connection. Stock, &c.,
at valuation, about £600, cash. Remainder by arrangement. —
Address. A. C Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

To Florists.

TO BE LET or SOLD, a few miles from
London, a good DWELLING HOUSE with Glass Houses.
For particulars, apply, by letter only, to L. M., 390, Edgware
Road, London, W,

ORCHIDS.

An immense Stock. All in fine condition.

Hundreds of grand plants of

L^LIA ANCEPS MOBADA,

and other Orchids coming Into bloom.

INSPECTION INVITED,

New Catalogue free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL GO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYA.RD & NURSERIES,

GABSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

Azalea Flelderll

HB. MAY has a tine stock of this useful
• AZALEA, clean healthy stuff, well set with bloom.
Price per dozen or hundred on application.

Dyson's Lane Nursery. Upper Edmonton.

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

WELL GROWN NURSERY STOCK for
DISPOSAL, cheap, for cash.— 80,000 ASH. 3 feet
6 inches to 6 feet 6 inches; 8000 BLACKTHORN. 2 to 3 feet ;
6000 OAK, 6 to 8 feet ; 4000 SPRUCE, 2 to 3 feet ; 16,0CO
SPRUCE, I foot to 1 foot 6 inches ; 20,000 QUICK, 3 and 4-\r. ;
2.'i00 Common YEWS. 1 foot to 1 foot 6 inches. Also a lot of
Seedling OAK and SYCAMORE.

Apply to A, G, COLE, Spilsby, Lincolnshire.

ARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good

colour, showing (lower-bud, and absolutely clean, in
5 and 6-inch pots, 21s. to 30s. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH ASD CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

GEORGE LEE has about 3000 Count Brazza
Double White VIOLET to dispose of, good plants, at
Ids. and 20s. per 100.

CleveJon, October 23.

WHITE AZALEAS, Two large, for Sale,
cheap, about 5 feet high, well set with bloom-buds.
Also a large TUBULAR BOILER : would work about 600 feet
of 4-inch pipes, with all fittings complete; price JE3.

To be seen at the " PIGEONS," Artillery Ground, Romford
Road, near Stratford.

In Liquidation.
TRIS GERMANICA in tine variety, HER-

\- BACEOnS P.EONIES. JAPANESE MAPLES, LILIES,
NERINES. VALLOTAS, LEMOINES GLADIOLI. &c.
All at very low prices. Must be cleared in October.

QTOVE PALMS, ORCHIDS,

O and FOLIAGE PLANTS.

A Gentleman, desirous ot reducing his stock of Stove Plants,

has fine specimens of all the above to dispose ot at a reasonable

valuation.
LIST of varieties, size, &c., will be sent on application to
The GAUDENER, Fenagh House, Bagnalstowu, Co. Carlow,

Ireland

FRUIT TREES,

pronounced bv competent Judges " the best in the Kingdom."
Every variety and all forms true to name. New Edition of our
Descriptive CATALOGUE just issued, gratis and postrfree.
F. & A. DICKSON & SONS, The QueeiTs Nurserymen, Chester.

HULL and EAST RIDING
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.

The ANNUAL GRAND EXHIBITION will be held in the
Artillery Barracks, Hull, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY,
Nov. 17 and 18, when Prizes to the value of TWO HUNDRED
POUNDS will be offered for CHRYSANTHE.HUMS alone.

Class 1. — 48 Blooms. 24 to be incurved in not less than 18
varieties, 24 to be .Tapanese in not less than 18 varieties.
1st Prize, £16; 2nd. £10; 3rd, £5 : 4th. £3.

Other Valuable Prizes. The SILVER CHALLENGE VASE,
value 15 Guineas, will be offered with the 1st prize in Class 1.
Entries Close November 10. Schedules may be obtained from

Manor Street, Hull. ^"W- HARLAND, Hon. Sec.

SHEFFIELD and WEST RIDING
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
GRAND EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHEMUMS. FRUIT,
and FLOWERS, will be held in the Corn Exchange, ShelEeld,
on FRTDAY and SATURDAY, November 18 and 19. The
Largest Prize ever yet offered for 48 Cut Chrysanthemums.
Entries Close, Friday, November 11. Schedules and Entry
Forms on application to ^^ ^ WOODCOCK, Hon. Sec.

The Gardens, Oakbrook, Sheffield.

E EDS CHRYSANTHEMUM

SHOW, Town Hall, TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November 29 and 30. Schedules now ready.

J. H, CLARK. Secretary. 15, Briggate, Leeds.

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

WILL DE rnA

RECEIVED ]

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,

Chiswick, London, W.

City of Chioliester.
To Landscape Gardeners. Architects, Survevors, and others.

THE RECREATION GRoUND COM-
MITTEE of the Council ot the Citv of Chichester are
desirous of RECEIVING PLANS and SCHEMES for LAYING-
OUT that part of the RECREATION GROUND, comprising
about 2 acres, which lies under the Priory Park wall, within
the city, together with ESTIMATES of the PROBABLE COST
of carrying out such Plans and Schemes.

On receipt of applications, with stamped addressed envelope,
a small Ground Plan, showing the shape of the land to be laid
out. will be forwarded to the applicant.

An award of £6 will be given to the Designer of the Plan and
Scheme adopted by the Committee and approved by t he Council.

Plans and Estimates to be sent to me on or before the 29th day
of October inst. The right to reject all or any of the Plans is
reserved.— By order EDWARD ARNOLD. Town Clerk.

18th October. 1887.

To Landscape Gardeners.

THE RAMSEY TOWN COMMISSIONERS
offer PREMIUMS of FIFTEEN POUNDS and TEN
POUNDS each for the 1st and 2nd best PLANS, for LAYING
OUT the MOORAGH PARK and LAKE. Each Plan to be ac-
companied by a guaranteed Estimate for carrying out the work.
A Lithographed Plan, and any information required ma> be
had on application to the undersigned, to whom all Plans and
Estimates should be sent in on or before the 1st of November next
JAMES BELL. Town Clerk, Ramsey, Isle of Man.
Town Comini-<sioners' Office.— October 3. 1S87.

Novelty of the Season.

LSPATII, Nurseryman, Riidorf, Berlin,
• Germany. Established 1758. 340 acres in culture.
NOVELTY of the SEASON.
ROSE, "KROWN PRINZESSIN VICTORIA."— A yellowish
sport of' the celebrated Souv. de la Malmaison. This Rose ex-
cells by a splendid flower of very delicate colouring, by its
superb form, and is exceedingly free in blooming. It obtained
a First-claas Certificate of Merit from the Horticultural Society
for the Kingdom of Prussia.

Price. £1 each, £9 for 10. £30 per 100.

CATALOGUE, with Coloured Picture of the Rose,

Gratis and Post-tree.

Fruit Stocks.
10 OFFER, several thousands of

MUSSEL. BRUSSELS, and COMMON PLUMS,

stron'' and good, fit tor working,

at 25s. per 1000.

ARTHUR KNOWLES,

Hassell Nursery, Woking, Surrey.

Tree Carnations.

HB. MAY offers a splendid stock of strong
• healthy Plants, showing or coming into bloom ; all the
leading and most useful sorts, including Miss Jolitfe, Lucifer,
Pride Sf Penshurst, Andalusia. Mdlle. Carle, Empress ot Ger-
many and many others. Terms on application.

Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—" PTEBIS, LONDON."

488

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE.

[OcTOBEE 22, 1887.

FRIDAY NEXT—

ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM, Rchb. f.

MAGNIFICENT NEW IMPORTATION.

I^ESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION,

at the'r Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, October 28, at half past 12 o'clock precisely, a large
importation of this magnificent NEW ORCHID, and one of the finest Mr. Sander has been privileged to offer. The plants have arrived in excellent
order and condition, with fine healthy breaks. The gigantic and numerous flower-spikes on plants indicate that the species is extremely tloriferous, and
the colouring of its large blossoms is indescribably rich and beautiful. It is a free grower, having extremely diverse pseudobulbs, from which abundant
variation and quite new forms may be expected. The brilliant and beautiful colouring of this novelty is unrivalled, and it must be considered one of the
grandest introductions of the century. It is fully described by Professor Reichenbach, in the Gardeners' Chronicle, October 14, 1886, p. 486, where he
says : — " This is a grand and most unexpected surprise."

ODONTOGLOSSUM MIRANDUM. — At the same time will be offered a fine lot of this pretty Orchid, which is very scarce in its native habitat.
Its flowers are large and dark chocolate, bordered with bright yellow, and very showy.

The Sale will include a quantity of the brilliant and handsome CATTLEYA SANDERIANA, with large and fine-looking bulbs ; strong plants of
the rare ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO-PURPUREUM SCEPTRUM, CYPRIPEDIUM SCHLIMII, CATTLEYA AUREA, fine pieces ; ANURyECUM
LEONII, AERIDES ROEBELENII, MYSTACIDIUM FILICORNE, and many other choice and valuable ORCHIDS.

On. vietv morning of Sale, ayid Catalogue had.

HARTLAND'S

LiniE BOOK OF DAFFODILS,

OXLIPS AND PRIMROSES.

BsautifuUy Illustrated by Gertrude Hartland, and unique
as a work of art. The descriptions are very accurate, and the
life-sized drawings are admirable nubjecta to fill iu with color,
cither now or in the Spring when the flowers are at perfection.
W. B. H. is having a few copies worked in colour which can be
had at 5s. ^d. each copy.

"THE BOOK." Post-free, Is. ed.

A Duplicate Copy without illustrations, and a General Bulb
List free to all applicants. These are known as " No. One "
and " No. Two " Lists.

Before you order for the season, you should certainly see the
Book of Daffodils.

Unsolicited Testimony as to the merit of
Edition for 1887 :-

*' My thanks for your Little Book for 1837. It is a nice con-
tribution to the history of Cultivated Daffodils, and, as you say,
will be interesting ^ome day."—/". W. BURBIOGE, Trinity
College Gardens, Dublin.

"Mrs. General Saunders presents her compliments to Mr.
Hartland, and tlianks him for sending her such splendid Daffo-
dil Bu'bs. She is delighted with his Little Book, and considers
the drawings most excellent, boih as works of nrt and for their
being good likenesses of the Hnuers they are meant to pour-
tray. Pray accept my congratulations to Gertrude Hartland."
— Ardmore, Torquay.

'•Sir,— Thank you very much for the charming Daffodil Book
you have sent me. The illustrations are admiraole subjects to
color from the descriptious." — Mrs. PALMER'S, Nabur7t Hall,
I'ork.

" Your New List of Daffodils is a credit to the profession." —
WALTER T. WARE, Bath.

'' Thanks very much for the Lyttle Booke. The engravings
are admirable, and most useful." — Bev. A. RAWSON,
Windermere.

" Thank you very much for sending me a copy of your New
Book of Daffodils. It is well got up, and the illustrations are
very go-jd. Surely the public must go in for Daffodils after
this."—/. DAVIDSON; Esq., Chelsea.

" I am much pleased with your new Book of Daffodils, which
is certainly a great credit to you and your niece. It Is un-
doubtedly the best list published by any Firm. The cuts are
admirable, and so correctly done." — C. J. GRAHAME, Esq.,
Croydon.

"Many thanks for Little Book. Miss Hartland's illustra-
tions are exquisite."—/^. W. GILES, Folkestone.

" Your really splendid Book of Daffodils to hand. It is the
best thing of the kind I have yet seen."— JOHX MAXWELL,
Esq., Maxwelltoum, Dum/erltne.

"Of your Original Little Book of Daffodils I cannot speak
too highly. The drawings reflect most highly on the artist. I
can truly say I have never seen Daffodils ao faithfully, so care-
fully executed, or so true to Nature. I like them for this, that
I so well can recognise my friends. Your niece has evidently
got not only an artist's eye, but also an artist's hand, which is
true to Nature."— OCTAV/as CORDER, Norwich.

'■ I am very pleased with the ' Little Book ' this year. The
drawings by Gsrtrude Hartland are a valuable addition, thej
are so very artistic and life-like, and give a much better idea of
the beauty of the flower than is to be got from any of the
usual catalogues, or even from Gardening papers."— If. W.
MUNN, Esq.. Manchester.

" Your Little Book is excellent. The illustrations admirable,
notably Bicolor grandis and Bishop Mann." — Rev. GEORGE
H. ENGLEHEART, Andover.

"Your Book of Daffodils is most useful, and reflects the
highest credit on your niece."— 7?ffy. C. W. DOD, Crewe.

" I am much obliged for your Book of Daffodils, which I ap-
preciate very highly as a literary and artistic production."—
iiAMUEL W. KIRKE, Esq.. The Firs. Waltham.

\y. BAYLOR HARTLAND offers the above Testimonials as
received from such very high quarters, p irm-ularly from such
good judges and lovers of Daffodils. Bulbs ^vere never finer in
quality, and Orders should be ,«ent in at once.

WILLIAM IaYLOR TaRTLAND,

( »ld Kstaljlished Seed "Warehouse,

24, PATRICK STREET, CORK.

Trial Grounds^ Temple Hill, Cork.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Roots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonsible prices and of good quality try WILLIAM Clibran & SoN,
better position than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers these desirable conditio)
class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way, a few facts as
business may be named.

Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 2 a
covered with Glass and Buildings. Wages paid firt-t year, about £250, to four men and a boy, no v
to over 100 hands regularly employed. Bent then, £36 ; now, near £800. Acreage at start, 6^ ; now,
and extending on all sides,

who are probably in a
IS. Statements of this
to the progress of our

^res of ground are now
J are £5000 per annum
85, and still increasing

M^M. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BOWDON; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,
have the pleasure to offer General Stock as tender: —

Ferns— Ferns— FemB.

FOR TABLE DECORATION.— Well-grown, graceful plants,

full of foliage, in 5 inch pots, in all the best kind^ for
standing, 9s. per dozen; pretty little plants for lilliilg
Fancy Pots, 45. per dozen; the same iu a great variety of
fancy pots, 9s. to 125. per dozen. Very ornamental and

Table Decorations.
PALMS, Ficns ET.ASTICA, ASPIDISTRAS, all grand plants
for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uuiujured ; good
plants, fit for immediate effect, 185., 245., and '60s. per

and ISs. per

SOLANU.MS, full of beautiful berri

dozen. The fiuest Stock in the North of Engl

Winter Flowers for Indoors.

EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA, bright scarlet, for Ladles'

Sprays, Sec, 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POIKSETTIA PULCHERRIMA, scarlet heads, 6 to 9 Inches

over, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERARIAS, 6$.

per dozen.
BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12s. per dozen ; small, 4s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYCL.AMEN, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GKACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Clumps of SPIR.EA JAPONICA, S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, Os. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns tor early

forcing, 65. per 100 ; clumps, 12s. and ISs. per dozen.
EARLY-FLOWERING RHODODENDRONS, white and blush,

covered with buds, 30s. and 36s. per dozen.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, fine large plants, 12s. and ISs. per

GERANIUMS, specially preparedfor winter-blooming, 12s. and

18s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARIAS and CALCEOLARIAS, the finest strains,

Is. 6rf. per dozen ; in pots, 2s. 6d. per dozen.
CALLA ^ETHIOPICA, strong, 12.s. and 18s. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud, 12s., 18s., and 24s. per

AZALEA PONTICA, 9s. and 12s. per dozen,
GHENT AZALEAS. 18s. and 245. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a mass of buds, 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
Beautiful CAMELLIAS, 30s., 36s., and 425. per dozen.
PRETTY CYTISUS, 95. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRIST.MAS ROSES, the finest variety of all for large

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS, SWEET WIL-
LIAMS. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong tranaplanted roots. Is. per
dozen, 50 for 3s., 100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ARABIS, AUBRIETIAS, DACTYLIS, white or yellow; POLY'-
ANTHUS. PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNARIA
TOMENTOSA, ALYSSU.M, Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

DAISIES, red, white, or rose, 1$. per dozen, 5s. per 100,
40s. per 1000.

VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours, Is. per
dozen, 6s. per 100.

PYRETHRU.MS. strong clumps, 4s, per dozen.

POTENTILLAS, 5s. per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS. 6s. per dozen.

PINKS, PANSIES, show or f jncv, PHLOXES, 3s, 6<f. per dozen.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6s. per dozen.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the beat
kinds, 3s. per dozen, 21s. per 100.

Boses-Roses— Rosea.

DWARFS, from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid

Perpetuals, 6s. per ao/.en, 50 for 21s., 100 for 40s.
TEA SCENTED, in pots, the best kinds. 15s. and 18s. per dozen.
STANDARDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees -Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds, 9s.. 12s., and 18s. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety. Standards and Pyramids, 6^., 9s.,
and 12s. per dozen; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s., 18s.,
and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 13s. per dozen ; Trained,

18s., 24s.. and 30s. per dozen.
PLUMS, Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen ; Treined, 34s.

and 305. per dozen.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURR.ANTS, all classes, 2s., 3s.. ard 4s.

per dozen.
RASl'BERKIES, FILLBASKET. Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sorts, 4s., 6s.. and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boxes,

pots, &c.. in beautiful little plants, 65. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens, &c., in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, 3s. 6d.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS, lovely kinds, Ss. per dozen, 16s. and 20s.

per 100.
PLANTS for Hedges, Ov,l 'cived PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

OS. to l.i!. per 100 ; THOi; ,' .TICKS, from 15s. to 30s. per

1000; BEECH for Hedges, Irom 8s. per 100; HOLLIES,

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

CATALOGUES FREE.

> produ

*hite
number of

WM. CLIBBAK' & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

m COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d.. Post-free S^d. ;
■W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDOlT, W.O.

OcTOBEB 22, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE.

489

CHRISTMAS ROSES.

HELLEBORUS NIGER.

I have much pleasure in directing the atten-
tion of the Trade to my extensive stock, extending
to several thousands exceptionally fine, strong,
forcing clumps of the above. I think I never
had them in such fine condition ; their fresh
foliage is fine, and the clumps are closely filled
with flowering buds. The following varieties can
be supplied ; —

CATJCASICITS.— A really serviceable variety,

producing large, very conspicuous flowers. Pure white
■when flowered inside or under other protection. One of
the most vigorous of all the Christmas Roses, and one
which will succeed in almost any soil or position, flowering
freely in the open ground in January. Fine strong home-
grown clumps at V2s. and 185. per dozen.

MADAME FOURCADE is a gem— certainly

one of thi> best flowers of medium size; snow white, and
produced in the greatest possible profusion, even the very
smallest plants flowering — of a good strong vigorous habit.
Fine strong clumps for forcing, 12s. and 18s. per dozen.

MAJOR. — For general purposes the best of all

the Niger varieties. My stock is very true, distinct en-
tirely from the German varieties ; free in habit, producing
abundance of flowers of good form, and pure wliite in
colour. Exceptionally fine, home-grown forcing clumps,
1005. and 1505. per 100.

MAXIMUS. — A robust, early-flowering variety

—the largest and earliest of the group. The foliage is of
a very deep green, the stems are beautifully mottled. It
flowers in October and November, producing large pure
white flowers, slightly shaded with rose on the exterior ;
quite pure white when protected. Exceptionally fine,
strong, forcing clumps, 1005., l&Os., and 200s. per 100.

KTTBBA is a veritable red Christmas Rose,

producing very large flowers of a bright rose colour,
robust grower and free flowering. Fine strong forcing
clumps, 125. and ISs. per dozen.

COLLECTED PLANTS.— These I can oflter

in really good, strong, very healthy stuff, according to size.
at 16s., 2os.. 30s., 40s., and .50s. per 100.

CARNATIONS and PIGOTEES.

I have just finished takinjj off the layers of my
very extensive collection of these, which comprises
both Shows, Selfs, Cloves, and Border varie-
ties ; as well as Yellow Grounds. Every variety
worth growing is included. The plants are in
first-rate health and strong. Catalogue of these
will be sent upon application.

CARNATION PRIDE of PENSHTJRST.—

Fine stroDg layers, 40s. per 100. Cheaper by the 1000.

OLD CLOVE (true).— Fine strong stuff, 18s.

per 100.

GOOSEBERRIES.

WHINHAM'S INDUSTRY (true). — Two

years, l.^s. per lOO, 140s. per lUOO.
„ ,, ,, three years, beautiful stuff, 25s. per 100.

HOLLYHOCKS.

Fine selected varieties to colour, equal in every
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P/EONIES.

A tremendous collection of both the Tree and
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CAILLARDIAS.

A very high-class collection ; several new
varieties of exceptional worth. List of varieties
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Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

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PAUL & SON

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ULS'— Bulbs— WALTHAM CROSS.

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DWABF do 12j. „

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Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.
rfHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

-^„ ^°'- I- '""''■d Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellineton Street. Strand. W.C.

NEW EDITION,

Corrected up to Date,

TEE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price Sd., Post-Jree ^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1887.

NOTES FROM AN IRISH GAR-
DEN.

/^CTOBER 12.— A snow crown on our hill
^^ to-day! and yet the garden looks brighter
than it has done all the year through, save, may-
hap, in April, when lit by the glowing .A.nemone3
and shining Daffodils. But with a bitter north
wind, and snow on the hill's crest, we know that
this beauty can be but short-lived, and so gaze
around to bid farewell to those fair blossoms
that have been companions of our way through
all the golden days of autumn. For, after the
drought ended towards the close of August, the
growth was magical, and in a few short weeks
all the bare pasturelands and bnrnt-up lawns
were reclothed in the softest verdure, while in
the garden everything that had not perished
hastened to don its coloured vestments.

Now, day by day, as the nights grow chilly,
the mellow tints of the dying foliage become
richer. This fine tinting is specially noticeable
in the Pear trees this season, some being quite
golden, and others crimson and brown. One
large tree in particular lights up the old grey
wall as if it were clothed with the Virginian
Creeper, while lower down the half arches of
King Solomon's Seal are most graceful with
their pendant yellow leaves. The Giant Knot-
weed, Polygonum sachalinense, has been most
beautiful, with its long notched cane-like wands
swaying in the wind, bearing aloft the great
deep-veined amber leaves, which, dropped from
day to day on the velvet grass beneath, look as
beautiful when fallen on the tender green as
when bending above it.

Amid this russet glow the Michaelmas Daisies
look specially well, with their soft grey, lavender,
deep purple, and rose tints. These Asters well
repay division of the root each spring, the fewer
stems becoming beautifully branched and feathery,
andjshowing perfect foliage down to the ground.

490

THE 0ARDENER8' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBEB 22, 1887.

for when allowed to grow into large clumps the
stsms are often unsightly from withered leaves
at their base. Koses have again returned. Over
the lovely growth of fresh, red leaves, clustering
buds and blossoms of the Reve d'Or abound. Of
deep golden hue, flushed with dark crimson, these
buds, when gathered half-blown, expand so fully
indoors, and are of so deep a hue, that they may
be mistaken for Mareohal Niel ; indeed, a friend
the other day exclaimed, on seeing a cluster of
them in a vase with blossoms of Senecio pulcher,
" What ! Mar(5chal Niel at this season ? "
And these Roses are not fleeting as their
forerunners of early summer, that during
the hot, dry weather, came] and went in
a day. Now their cool tirm petals open slowly,
and remain perfect for a week or more. W. A.
Richardson has also a shower of blossom, and
nothing can well be lovelier than a handful of
these Roses, in colour like to a luscious Apricot,
along with a bunch of the rich purple Czar
Violets now in bloom. The old China Rose trees
are more thickly covered with blossoms than they
have yet been during the year, and there is a
caeerfulness about their ruddy buds, In'ight pink
lilossoms, and dark shining leaves, that is very
p" easant when so many other things are fading
away. Only this week has the Japanese Rose
(Rosa rugosa) put forth its last flower ; never
s'nce the month of May has it been without buds
and blossoms and clustered berries, and the black-
birds having had plenty of fallen Apples to
devour, have but rarely attacked the crimson
hips, so that they still broider the golden robe of
leafage in which the tree is now enwrapped.

The Bamboos, though moisture loving, have
not suffered from the drought, chiefly, I think,
because their roots run under large pieces of
rock, placed at their base, preserving them from
scorching sun-rays. They have grown some
10 feet high, and their deep feathery verdure
gives a sense of freshness as of early spring even
in these autumn hours. Colchicum speciosum
is just over. A group close to a piece of rock
looked lovely, large as Tulips, and the presence
of the grey rock seemed to take away any sense
o£ bareness from the lack of foliage. Where the
sleeping beauties lie the bulbs of spring are now
scattered. The soft rose-purple blossoms of the
double Colchicum, and the house of the Hya-
cinths underground is thatched with the mottled
leaves of Cyclamen hedera^folium, whose white
and purple-pink blossoms yet linger mid the
foliage, and blend with the Colchicums, while
through the spaces between the Cyclamen corms
will the Hyacinths pierce in springtime.

Since the days are cooler the Tobacco plants
(Nicotiana) keep their starry blossoms open
all day long, which looks as if it were heat,
not light, that holds them closed all through the
summer days. They seed around quite freely,
the young seedlings appearing overground the
fo'.lowing summer. Brugmansia sanguinea and
others planted out in June, are only now
coming into bloom, held back all summer by the
want of rain. Of shrub-like size, these plants
are most effective in the garden ; the pure white
hanging bells of the evening scented variety are
charming close to the burning torches of the
Tritomas, and the red and gold trumpets of the
Brugmansia blend with the mellow tints around.
Lifted the end of October, planted in any tub or
box, and pruned to a convenient size, they keep
well in a cold greenhouse until the weather per-
mits of their being planted out again.

Blue Marguerites (Agathsea coslestis) are at
their best, and are very pretty mixed ia a bed
with the blue Cape Lily (Agapanthusumbellatus),
being oxantly of tho same exquisite shade. As

they are not quite hardy it is well to raise young
plants from fresh seed, which ripens readily
sown in a box in August, and wintered in a cold
frame, when, if kept thinned and pinched, they
will be well-sized plants the following JLay. The
yellow Daisy, Etoile d'Or, has a weak constitution
and poor straggly growth, which detracts from
its value, but a cluster of its flowers in a bit of
amber grass with the purple Colchicmns is, never-
theless, very satisfying to the eye, for the blos-
soms themselves are lovely in tint.

Near the bed of Agapanthus and blue
Daisies are yellow and brown Marigolds (Tagetes
aurea) ; and although the large canary-coloured
Calceolarias perished in their midst, yet these have
flourished without the least check from heat or
thirst. They, with Petunias and zonal Belar-
goniums, seem actually to have revelled in the
burning summer. Christmas Roses promise to be
early, the flower-stems of Hellebore maximus are
well above ground and half open already, while
the two-year-old seedlings of St. Brigid's variety
are pushing through the ground large knob.s of
lilossom, twice the size of those appearing at the
Ijase of the parent plants — teaching how much
more vigorous are young plants, even of the
Hellebores, compared with long - established
clumps, to the centre of which nourishment
cannot penetrate through the hard mass of
matted roots.

In a cool-house the long racemes of Srailax
tamnoides are now hanging in festoons, from
which dangle feathery sprays of sweet white
blossoms, lading the air with fragrance as of
a hay field. Wreaths of Smilax lend themselves
charmingly to flower arrangements, either as
pendant foliage and network of support for other
blossoms, or woven into a green basket in some
shallow tazza. For weeks and even months the
leaves retain their shining freshness, needing only
to have any dust removed from their polished
surface. Out-of-doors this Smilax grows quite
freely, but does not blossom. It makes a fine
background for Chrysanthemum Madame Des-
grange, now in flower near it.

While the bees and butterflies are lying
intoxicated on the rosy cushions of Sedum spec-
tabilis, and the robin is singing his autumn song,
there is yet a sign of springtime in the fresh
leaves of Narcissus Tazetta piercing through the
ground, and Irises sending up their green spears.
So, mid the passing away of leaves and blossoms
in the crimson sunset of the year, there comes to
us token of the far-off dawn of a golden spring-
tide of new life. L. A. L.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CATTLEYA MISS HARRIS.
This very handsome hybrid between Cattleya
labiata var. Mossiie ? and C. SchillerianaiJ, was
raised by the late Dr. Harris, of The Grange, Lam-
berhurst, Kent, where it has just flowered, and has
been kindly communicated by Jliss Harris (to whom
it is fitly dedicated), through Messrs. James Veitch
& Sons. The growth of the plant is described as
being " like Mossioe, but it has the very dark purplisli-
green colour of SchiUeriana in the leaves and on the
bulbs. It is curiously lax in habit, lianging its bulbs
over the side of the pot." The flower in size and
form approaches that of C. SchiUeriana var. concolor,
but is very distinct in colour and in tlie distinctly
clawed front lobe of the lip. The sepals and petals
are rather less fleshy in texture than those of C.
SchiUeriana, and of a fine rosy-purple throughout ;
the sepals are narrow, oblong, and bluntly pointed ;
the upper one has the margins rolled back, and the
lateral ones are undulated ; the petals are broader,

lanceolate, obtuse and wavy, and stand forward some-
what. The lip is similar in form to that of the
variety of SchiUeriana above mentioned, except that
the expanded part of the front lobe is separated from
the acute angled side lobes by a distinct broad claw
half an inch or more long ; the front lobe is large
and full, transversely oblong, frilled on the margin
and notched at the apex ; the colour is of a rich
magenta-purple, with rather darker veins, the side
lobes being light rosy-purple with darker venation.
Pollen masses four. It is interesting to note that
the form of the flower is almost complely that of the
male parent, the mother plant seeming to have had
no influence in modifying the flower except as to
colour. N. E. Brown.

L.ELiA " Novelty."
A pretty hybrid between Lajlia pumila (Cattleya
marginata?) and L. eleganS(J, raised by the late
Dr. Harris, of Lamberhurst, and kindly communi-
cated by his daughter through Messrs. J, Veitch &
Sons. The flower is .about the same size as that of
L. pumila ; the sepals and petals are liglit rose-
purple ; the latter organs being broader and more
lanceolate than the sepals. The lip is entire, and
similar in form to that of L. elegans, slightly frilled
on the front margin ; the sides, which are wrapped
round the column, are white, and the front part is of
a rich maroon-purple, and there is a broad purple
stripe down the centre of the disc, under the column,
which is white. Pollen masses eight. Miss Harris
writes that " In growth it much resembles 0. mar-
ginata (that is, Loclia pumila), except that the bulbs
are much more elongated." N. E. Brown,

CvpitipEDiuM Charles Canham, n. hyh.
This is a new and quite a sensational hybrid, and
one which is certainly of exceptional merit as a
horticultural plant. It was raised by an amateur
from C. villosum, crossed with the pollen of C. super-
biens, and has recently been acquired by Messrs.
James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, to whom I am
indebted for the flower and leaf from which this
description is made. The parents are both noble
species, and a hybrid between them could scarcely be
disappointing in any case ; but in this one the results
even surpass the expectations. The flower is of great
size and substance, the lip measuring 2§ inches in
length, 'and If inch in breadth at the widest part ; the
petals being broad, and slightly exceeding the
measurement of the lip ; and the upper sepal
measuring 2 inches across. Although raised from
C. villosum, the influence of the pollen parent seems
to preponderate in the hybrid, for the leaves are
tessellated, though somewhat less distinctly so than
in C. superbiens ; the upper sepal is like that species
in shape ; also the staminode and lip ; while the petals
are distinctly ciliate, and spotted with dark brown. This
character of the petals is not so pronounced as in 0.
superbiens, but like the others named it is derived
entirely from the male parent — even the purple spots
on the infolded margin at the base of the lip are
reproduced. The influence of C. villosum is seen in
the hairy peduncle and ovary, the somewhat reflexed
margin of the upper sepal, the somewhat inter-
mediate character of the petals, and the distinct
approach to that species in coloration. This latter
is as follows: — Upper sepal nearly as pale as in C.
superbiens, the longitudinal stripes purple-brown
below, running off into pale green above ; petals light
purple-brown, with veins incliniug towards dull
yellow, and with numerous dark purple spots arranged
along the nerves ; lip pallid behind, suH'used with
purple-brown in front, especially on the nerves, and,
like the rest of the flower, possessing a varnished
appearance. It is named as above at Messrs. Veitch'a
request, Mr. Canham being well known as a verv
successful Orchid grower, and one of the foremen of
their establishment. He has every reason to be
proud of his namesake. One remarkable feature of
this splendid plant — that is, from a botanical point
of view — is the total absence of any appreciable
approach to the large and more elongated staminode
of C. villosum, with its curious tooth-like projection.
B. A. Rolfis.

October 22, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

491

JAPANESE VARIETIES OF
HEPATICA AND OF ADONIS
AMURENSIS.

We are still very ignorant of the extent to which
gardening and botany have been carried in Japan.
Through the liberality of Mr. Tokutaro Ito, a
Japanese botanist, who has contributed to the
columns of the Gardeners' Chronicle, the Kew
library has been enriched by a complete copy of the
rare Hon:o Dsufu, and several other Japanese books
relating to horticulture and botany. The same gen-
tleman has contributed to the current number of the
Journal of Botany Q. concise history of botany in Japan.
The woik of which I have given the title is a very
extensive one, containing nearly 2000 coloured plates
of plants, and I hope to be able to give a summary of
its contents on some future occasion ; but now I
propose dealing with two minor manuscript works,
one of which illustrates a series of beautiful varie-
ties of Anemone Hepatica, and the other a number of
varieties of Adonis amurensis.

Anemone Hepatica belongs to that category of
north temperate plants common to Europe, North Asia ,
and Eastern North America. Its range includes
North China and Japan, and in the latter country
it appears to have been widely cultivated, and to
have given birth to a race of single flowered varieties
very different from any that I have seen in English
gardens. It may interest horticulturists to learn
something more abontthcmTtherFfbre i"wrtt briefly
describe those of which there are coloured drawings
in the unpublished Japanese book before me, pro-
ceeding from right to left, the proper Japanese
sequence. There is no date on this little volume ;
at least, none intelligible to me ; but from its con-
dition it may be a good many years old. The
drawings are admirable, and the colours very bright
and effective.

1. Leaves dark green, red beneath. Flowers
white, \k inch across, with six to eight narrow
pointed petals,* and about as many stamens, with
red anthers.

2. Leaves green. Elowers white and deep red,
the petals rather broader and more numerous than
in the preceding, and the anthers yellow.

3. Leaves blotched with yellow. Flowers 2
inches across, white suffused with pink, and deeper
coloured toward the tips of the very narrow petals ;
anthers yellow.

4. Leaves green. Flowers dull purple, an inch in
diameter, with about six broad overlapping. petals
rounded at the tips ; anthers yellow.

5. Similar to the last, but the petals yellow on the
upper surfiice.

6. Leaves yellowish-green, not lobed. Flowers
less than an inch in diameter, deep red, with yellow
anthers.

7. Leaves green. Flowers 1^ inch across ; petals
few, broad, white, with a yellow bar down the
raiddle.

8. Leaves unusually large. Flowers about an inch
across, with numerous very narrow white petals and
yellow anthers.

9. Leaves strikingly variegated with white. Flowers
2 inches across ; petals about eight, broad, pointed,
white streaked with crimson; anthers yellow.

10. Leaves deep yellow, except along the midrib
and the two principal lateral veins. Flowers pink
with crimson bar, and. yellow anthers.

11. Leaves large, pale green. Flowers 1} inch
across ; petals crimson below, white above, with a
longitudinal yellow band.

12. Leaves green. Flowers small ; petals few,
white, with a green band.

13. Leaves bright red, with little green. Flowers
crimson, with paler margins to the narrow petals,
and yellow anthers.

14. Leaves green. Flowers 1^ inch across, with
numerous narrow crimson petals, having a paler
margin and yellow anthers.

15. Similar to the last, but having fewer broader
petals.

* lu tfotaaical lan^age theste are of (Joursc sepals.

16. Leaves mottled pale yellow and green. Flowers
small, white, with about five petals and stamens.

17. Leaves bright red underneath. Flowers dark
lilac, with numerous narrow petals and yellow
anthers.

18. Leaves banded with red. Flowers 1 inch
across, with about five or six broad yellow petals,
with a bright red band down the centre.

19. Leaves green. Flowers about 1 inch across,
with five very broad crimson petals, and numerous
yellow anthers.

20. Leaves green. Flowers white, otherwise like
the last.

21. Like tbe last, with purple-blue flowers.

22. Leaves green. Flowers 1 inch across, with
few pointed petals, white, banded with green.

23. Leaves green. Flowers 1^ inch across, with
few white petals, striped lengthwise with lilac.

24. Leaves green. Flowers similar to the last, but
having only a central band of reddish-lilac.

I think it will be evident from the foregoing
imperfect descriptions that the Japanese have effected
far more than we have with these beautiful hardy
flowers; but they must be seen to be appreciated.

Adonis amurensis is a species allied to the
brilliantly coloured A. vernalis, though apparently
less showy. Twenty-one varieties are represented
in this littlo monograph, varying in the colour of their
segments from pure white and yellowish-green
through numerous shades of yellow and red ; and
there are both double and single-flowered varieties.
But the most striking varieties are those in which
the normally numerous petals are reduced to five,
which are very much widened above the base, and
very deeply fringed, like some of the large Japanese
Dianthuses. Only yellow varieties present this
peculiarity.

In conclusion, I may mention a little published
book which some readers of the Gardcn^jrs' Chronicle
might be glad to procure. It is a concordance of the
Latin, Japanese, and Chinese names of plants in-
habiting Japan. The title is — Nippon Shohihut-
5«meii, or "Nomenclature of Japanese plants, in Latin,
Japanese, and Chinese," by J. Matsumura, Assistant
Professor of Botany in the University of Tokio;
super^'ised by R. Yatabe, Professor of Botany in the
LT"niversity of Tokio. This work is most beautifully
printed by the firm of Maruya & Co., of Tokio, and
is dated 1884, or 2544, according to Japanese reckon-
ing. The Latin names are arranged alphabetically,
so that the book is suitable for the use of Europeans.
It runs to 2406 numbers, and includes all the flower-
ing plants and Ferns. It would be interesting to
know whether there are genuine Japanese names for
all the inconspicuous plants, or whether those given
are often Japanese equivalents of the Latin names.
The rigid accuracy in the orthography is as admir-
able as the printing. W. J3. Hemsley.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

CATASETUM LOXGIFOLIUM.

This cannot be recommended as a beauty. In
fact, when out of flower, with the large grey
fusiform pseudobulbs terminated by a few long and
narrow leaves) which are described as being 4 feet in
length), it strikes one as being of unredeemable ugli-
ness. Its habit, however, of growing downwards is
curious and interesting, and so strong is this pro-
pensity that when tbe imported pseudobulbs are
placed upright in pots, the new growth immediately
begins to curl over the sides. The flowers, too, are
strange and rather handsome ; the sepals and petals
being bright red, and the helmet-like lip of a brownish-
lake colour, thickly dotted with yellow and tipped
with purple. A plant with a spike of fifteen flowers
may be seen at Kew. The species was discovered by
Sir Robert Schomburgk in Demerara in 1836, grow-
ing on the Palm — Mauritia flcxuosa, and was first
flowered in this country September, 1839. It must
be grown in the stovo, with the greatest possible
amount of light.

Phal-tinopsis Lowii.
Of this beautiful little Phalajnopis there are three
or four plants growing on a raft, and now flowering
finily at Kew, one of the spikes being over 2 feet in
IpTiTth, branched, and bearing thirteen flowers.
Nothing could well be more graceful than the
manner in which this Orchid displa3'8 its inflor-
escence, the flowers all facing one way, and appear-
ing as if poised iu the air. In size the flowers are
about intermediate between P. grandiflora and P.
Esmeralda, measuring from \h to 2 inches iu diameter.
The sepals and petals are white, faintly flushed with
purple ; the labelluni is three-lobed, deep violet-
purple, the side lobes paler than the central one ;
and the rostellum, which is also purple, has a curious
proboscis-like appearance. This species is one of the
many valuable discoveries of the Rev. C. S. Parish,
and was introduced from Moulmein by Messrs. Low,
Its cultivation is not at all easy, and as the treatment
of these plants, which have now been in the best of
health fcr three years, is somewhat different from that
usually recommended, it may be interesting to explain
it here. They have been grown in a low pit used
for propagating purposes, where a high temperature
is maintained throughout the whole year. No top
ventilation is ever given, all the air entering the
house having to pass over the hot-water pipes at the
bottom, or through the doors from adjoining houses.
Although the plants are described as naturally grow-
ing on rocks fully exposed to the sun, and as being
deciduous, those under notice, besides being shaded
by the ordinary tiffany blinds, are grown under a roof
glazed with ribbed glass. They also retain their
leaves throughout the winter, and the sphagnum
about their roots is always kept fresh and growing.
So far as I can learn, this species has never assumed
a deciduous character under cultivation at Kew,
W.B.

MiLTONIA SPECTABILIS TAB. BICOLOB.

This is a very handsome form of M. spectabilis.
The flowers are large, and pure white in colour, with
the exception of a large maroon blotch at the base
of the lip. It is the M. bicolor of Williams' Orchid
Growers' Manual, but is not in any sense a true
species ; in fact, the beautiful colour varieties of
M. spectabilis are becoming rather numerous in
gardens. R. A. B.

HOLIDAY JOTTINGS IN THE ,
ISLE OF MAN.

(Contimied from p. 463.)
We could not climb to the tops of the mountains,
but as alpine plants, on the authority of Edward
Forbes, do not exist there, this was not so much to
be deplored. We could ascend the beautiful glens,
and stroll up the slopes of the hills near the high
roads and railway stations, and recognise the flowers
that gave colour to the scene. The island is so
small that the vegetation of the valleys and lower
slopes is essentially the same throughout ; and as I
propose giving the names of the predominant flowering
plants observed on our longer journeys, it will be suf-
ficient to note here what was not seen elsewhere. On
the way to Glen Helen, and not far distant from the'
lower part of the glen, our attention was attracted"
by two or three wild Rose bushes, which we might
have passed without further comment had tlie pro-
fusion of flowers not been of a very deep colour. As
It was we decided to alight on our return, and pick
some of the buds to embellish our rooms. The
threatening weather frustrated our intention, and
we should perhaps have tliought no more about it,
but, strange to say, altliough we were constantly
looking for them, we never saw another wild Rose
or wild Rose bush in the island. We travelled over
the whole of the railway system, and made excursions
in various directions, vainly straiuing our eyes to
catch sight of another wild Rose! In Edward
Forbes' list alluded to above he cites Ros.a tomen-
tosa and R. spinosissima as common, and it is pos-
sible tliat they arc in some districts, though wild
Roses must be exceedingly rare in the valleys.

492

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBEE 22, 1887.

Moreover, neither Forbes nor the author of the list
in the Phytologist mentions either Rosa canina or
llosa arvensis as growing in the island ; and the
latter merely cites Forbes, as it appears, for the
species previously mentioned.

There are advantages and disadvantages in different
modes of travelling in the island. It is relatively
expensive to travel by road alone, and tiring and un-
satisfactory to some persons to travel long distances
with a full cargo of humanity. The railway com-
pany has recognised this, and wisely permits passen-
gers to break the journey at places of interest, and
the fares are not excessive. A single line, a 3-foot
gauge, no platforms, " second-class " carriages, for
which you pay "third-class" fares, and excessive
whistling to warn the gate-keepers to close the gates
t)f the level crossings, are some of the characteristics
of the railway. There are no tunnels, and to reach
Ramsey from Douglas the island is twice traversed,
the railway skirting the mountains 2,000 feet
high. Much of the cultivated land abuts on the
railway, and one could estimate the crops fairly well
from the train. Hay generally was pretty good, but
the meadows, where the grass was cut, looked like
stubble fields in autumn, scarcely a gn*en blade being
discernible. Here and there some good pieces of
Wheat, Barley, and Oats, were seen ; but on the
whole the corn crops were very slight, and in some
places hardly worth putting a sickle to.

Potatos and Turnips were certainly the best of the
large crops ; the former looked well in almost all
parts, and were mostly full of blossom, reminding me
of my boyish days when throwing " tater-bobs " from
a pointed stick was a favourite amusement ; and a
prodigious distance we could throw them too! I
expressed my surprise at the fine crops of Turnips
to a car-driver. " Yes ! " he said, " the taremuts is
good this year, they are, sir ; they were got in airly."
Concerning gardening in the Isle of Man, I write
with all reserve : but there can be no question that
it is susceptible of much improvement and greater
development. The demands of a town like Douglas,
crowded with visitors for three or four months, have
already induced a number of persons, chiefly Scotch,
I was informed, to grow small fruits and flowers ;
and all I can assert is that business looked flourishing
with them. Several well ordered gardens were
observed a short distance out of Douglas ; and one
particularly fine Gooseberry and Currant garden
attracted our attention at Bal laugh on the western
side of the island. The bushes were young and well-
formed, and heavily laden with almost ripe fruit
— quite a picture, in fact.

Orchards are conspicuous by their absence ; a few
decrepit Apple trees were observed here and there,
and one small plantation of inferior trees. Good
orchards may exist, but they must be few and far
between, and there ought to be a profitable opening
in this direction, one would think. Before quitting
this part of my subject I may mention that a show
of fruit, flowers, and vegetables was held in the
pavilion of the Derby Castle pleasure grounds during
our stay in the island, and a fairly good show it was.
Mr. Ambrey and Mr. Challender, on whose willing
shoulders fell the greater part of the work, stated
that it was an attempt to resuscitate an almost
defunct society, and they had been liberally aided
by the proprietors of the Derby Castle grounds.
How far it was a success financially I am unable to
say, but it is to be hoped that it was sufficiently so to
induce the promoters to persevere in their task of
fostering competition, as it was quite evident that
auch a stimulant would be beneficial. There were
excellent vegetables and fruits, and, considering the
season, some tolerably good cut Roses The weakest
part of the show were stove and greenhouse
plants. The collections of cut flowers and the bou-
quets of cultivated and wild flowers betokened
poverty in material and deficiency in taste,

But let us return to the flowers of the fields. Very
prominent in the low-lying land skirting the rail-
ways were Valeriana officinalis, Spirtea ulmaria,
Senecio Jacobasa, Digitalis purpurea, Jasione mon-
tana, and Campanula rotundifolia ; and the deep

colours of the flowers were very striking. Brambles
were abundant, though Briers were rare, and pro-
mised a good crop of fruit ; and I never any-
where saw such a profusion of Honeysuckle. The
hillsides were mostly covered with a very deep
purple variety of Erica cinerea, with here and there
patches of E. tetralix, and E. Calluna, and dwarf
Furze, was just coming into blossom, the latter
covering large expanses. Orchids appear to be ex-
ceedingly rare, as I only saw a few plants of Orchis
maculata or 0. latifolia from the railway carriage,
not far from Peel.

Port Peel is one of the most interesting places,
and persons fond of the country would probably
prefer it to Douglas. The ruins of the castle,
cathedral, and other ancient buildings on St. Patrick's
Island give it a charm not shared by Douglas, and it
is a much better botanising ground. A one-flowered
variety of Campanula rotundifolia, with very large
deep blue flowers, was particularly conspicuous among
the Heather on the hillsides near Peel, where, too,
we saw Erodium maritimura and thousands of Scilla
verna in seed. Ferns are very abundant and luxu-
riant in the hedgerows and glens — among them
Osmunda regalis ; but here, as elsewhere, visitors
root them up in large numbers, so that the rarer
ones are probably doomed to extinction.

I have already mentioned the large Fuchsias of the
Isle of Man, and there is a specially notable one
in a garden on the outskirts of Ramsey, whither we
Avent expressly to see it. This is about 16 feet high,
and 80 feet around the branches — probably surpassing
in size any plants of the same species in its native
country. There is an engraving of it in the Gar-
deners' Chronicle, n.s., xxvi., p. 397. IV. B. Hemsley,

CERATOTHECA TRILOBA.

This is a tall herbaceous plant, probably annual,
which has recently been introduced to Kew from
Natal, and flowered both in a greenhouse and in a
sunny border out-of-doors this year. The genus, of
whicii only two species are as yet known, is African,
and is related to the well known Sesamum indicum,
the " Gingeley Oil " plant, cultivated in warm coun-
tries for the sake of the oil expressed from the seeds.
The strange fruited Harpagophytum procumbens is
also of the same natural order, viz., Pedalinea;. The
Ceratotheca here figured (fig. 99) grew in about four
months to a height of 6 feet, and developed terminal
erect spikes with numerous flowers, which opened two
at a time, and lasted two days; the corolla is
coloured pale mauve outside, almost white inside,
with ten regular lines of deep purple running from
the base of the tube to the apex of the prolonged
lower lobe. These lines give the flowers an unusually
pretty appearance. It will be seen that the flowers
resemble those of the Martynias, and probably the
same treatment as answers for the latter will suit
this new introduction. W.

R08E8.

NEW ROSES IN 1887.
Having given my ideas of the general character
of the Rose season, I would follow it up with a {^w
notes on those novelties which have more especially
come under my notice during the past season, and
here one is treading, as I well know, on delicate
ground. To condemn a Rose on which its raiser has
lavished so much care and afTection that he regards
it almost as a fond father would his child is no light
matter, and not ail the protestations one may make
of impartiality or a desire to do justice, will
avail to ward off the charges of sinister motives
and unfair criticism ; and yet how difficult it is to
arrive at a just decision I have ample witness now
before me, in the shape of two letters — one from one
of our most distinguished amateurs, the other from
one equally eminent as a nurseryman and exhibitor,
who, in writing of the same Rose give it an entirely

opposite character as to constitution — a point
which, one would think, certainty might, at any rate,
be arrived at ; while as to the merits of flowers, where
eo much depends on individual taste there are opinions
as " wide as the poles asunder."

When I give the title of new Roses to the flowers
hereinafter mentioned, I do not mean Roses now
seen for the first time, but those which in the last
two years, have been put into commerce, but are
not generally known — for the new Roses are very
few indeed. To those which are so, one must give
the precedence to

Earl of Dufferin, from an entirely new source,
raised by Messrs. Alexander Dickson & Son, of
Newtownards, in the county of Down, Ireland. This
is a grand brilliant coloured Rose, let out in the
present season, but not exhibited, so that the Rose-
loving public of England could not judge of its merits
until the show of the National Rose Society at
Edinburgh in July, when a stand of twelve gained
the 1st prize for the best twelve of any Rose, beating
some of the best growers, and the most celebrated
Roses in growth. The colour is a dark velvety-crim-
son shaded with maroon ; it is vigorous in habit,
with dark green foliage. I do not know any
Rose of its colour more brilliant or taking than this,
and it seems to be very constant.

Sir Bowland Hill (Mack &Son). — Unquestionably a
grand novelty. It was exhibited by the raiser at
the Edinburgh show of the National Rose Society, and
obtained, by the unanimous vote of all the judges,
including such amateurs as Messrs. Hall, Pember-
ton, Whitwell, and Mawly, and growers as Messrs.
Geo. Paul, Cant, House, &c., the Gold Medal of the
Society. Many Rose growers know an old Rose,
Souvenir de Dr. Jamain, raised by Lacharme just a
quarter of a century ago. It was, and is, delightful
for its rich clarety-crimson colour and its fragrance,
but it was ever too small for exhibition. Sir R. Hill
is a full-sized exhibition flower, while its novel
colour will make it a very desirable addition to a
stand. As it is also vigorous in habit it will make a
good garden Rose.

Puritan (Bennett). — This Rose acquired con-
siderable notoriety by the fact that blooms in a fresh
condition, which had been cut in New York, were
exhibited at South Kensington. It is a hybrid Tea,
and is somewhat like Merveille de Lyon.

Coming now to the Roses of last year, at least
those sent out then, the first place must be given to
Her Majesty, although there is the utmost diversity
of opinion as to its merits ; by some it is extolled
very much, and good jndges have pronounced it to be
" grand," " magnificent," &c., others have said it is
rightly named, but it is not Her Majesty of 1837 but
of 1887- Its claims to be a perpetual are apparently
very doubtful, while, with the exception ofCatherine
Soupert, there is no Rose so subject to mildew, for
which reason the Americans have discarded it. It
has not appeared very often this year on the winning
stands, and when shown its excellence was question-
able. I have had no reason as yet to alter my
opinion — viz., that it is a coarse Rose, of the Paul
N^ron type, and that if exhibitors want to obtain
blooms for exhibition they will have either to starve
the plant or else take blooms from weakly shoots, or
grow it on the Brier ; as yet it has not shown any
claim to be considered a hybrid perpetual : it may,
possibly, like Gabriel Luizet, to which it bears some
likeness, alter its character in this respect on "cut
backs."

Victor Hugo (Swartz). — A bright Xavier Olibo
style of flower, very likely to be a valuable addition.

Marshal P. Wilder. — This, I am afraid, is a Yankee
" wooden Nutmeg." How ever a flrst-rate firm like
Barry & Elwanger could have sent it out is a puzzle ;
it is indistinguishable in any way — colour, form, or
habit of growth — from Alfred Colomb. Of course,
they may have obtained it as a seedling — such
instances do occur ; but then it should have been
carefully compared with Roses already in growth
before being sent out ; and Alfred Colomb is so well
known a Rose that no plea of ignorance would seem
to be available. The same may be said of

American Beauty. — If all the beauties of America

OcTOBEB 22, 1887.]

TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

493

Fig. 99. — ceeatotheca tkiloea. (see p. 492.)

were like this, they would not be quite so much the
rage as they are ; it is dull in colour, and is, more-
over, an exact reproduction of a hybrid perpetual
Kose raised by Jamain, but excised from our cata-
logues long ago.

Clara Cochei. — One never Ukes hastily to condemn
anything of old Lacharme's, for he is a good judge,
and an honest man ; still he has sent out some

dubious varieties — Thorin, for example; but cer-
tainly, so far, this Rose has not warranted the high
praises which have been bestowed upon it. It is a
very vigorous grower ; the flowers are large, but appa-
rently wanting in substance ; the petals, while large,
are too few in number, being altogether a thin
flower. I think most of us have been disappointed
with this flower.

Graucl Mogul (\V. Paul & Son).— Great expecta-
tions were formed of this Rose, and growers were on
the look-out for it this year. I believe it is a fine
Rose of the A. K. Williams type, but it has not been
often seen this year. A basket of it shown at Edin-
burgh evidently showed symptoms of fatigue.

There has been a considerable tendency in the
flowers of late years towards what is known as the
Victor Verdier type, and as they are without per-
fume I do not think that it is a type to be encou-
raged. Surely one of the first requisites of a Rose
is perfume ; and although there are some we tolerate
for their beauty, although they lack this requisite,
that seems to me no reason why we should increase
their numbers.

Of late years so much attention has been given to
Teas and Noisettes that we are each year receiving
valuable additions, and there are two or three varie-
ties which will, I think, take a good place in our
collections. First and foremost is, I think,

The Bride, for although not a seedling, but only a
sport from that fine old Rose, Catharine Mermet, it
will, if I mistake not, eclipse in the exhibitor's
atfection any other white Tea : it is a real Catherine
Mermet in form and substance (and by some this is
considered the most beautifully shaped Rose that we
have), but entirely distinct in colour, being not so
dead a white as Xiphetos, but having the very faintest
suspicion of lemon in it : it is a very lovely and taking
beauty. There is another sport of which I hope some
day a good deal may be heard; it is one obtained by
Jlr. H. Foster, the inventor of the new patent holders
for exhibiting Roses. It is a deep orange sport from
Anna Ollivier, and was shown by him this year at
the metropolitan show of the National Rose Society,
where it was much admired. Its character is ap-
parently fixed, for the raiser has had it for three or
four years, but all this will have to be decided ; if it
prove true, it will be a valuable addition to our col-
lections.

Claudius Level. — A very vigorous Tea, but whether
it will prove a valuable addition remains to be seen.

Souvenir dc Gabriel Brevet (Guillot). — There can
be but little doubt as to the beauty of this Rose ; the
colour is one of those indiscribable mixtures found in
Teas, rose and yellow being mixed all together in a
very wonderful way. It is very free flowering, but
some doubtj have been expressed as to its vigour ;
while, on the other hand, some growers have ex-
pressed a very decided opinion as to its excellence of
constitution.

Comtcsse de Frignetise, — A very beautiful new Rose,
of the type of Amazone. It is a free erect grower —
and distinct from that flower; the colour a deep
rich yellow; petals large, and plenty of them.

Mi$s Ethel Brownlow (Dickson & Son). — This is a
very promising vigorous Tea, colour nankeen-pink,
with yellow at base of petals, which are stout;
excellent form.

There are two other Roses raised by Mr. Bennett
— Ye Primrose Dame and Viscountess Folkestone —
which are pretty, and, as garden Roses, will be
valuable, but they are hybrid Teas ; the latter espe-
cially is a pretty Rose.

It will thus be seen that there is not a gi-eat deal
of novelty amongst the Roses of this year ; but in
those enumerated above we shall find probably
valuable additions to our collections ; yet when we
think of the multitude of Roses sent out, and the
high-sounding descriptions sent with them, we may
be forgiven if we cry out, " Is that all ? " Wild Hose.

Tea Roses in the North.
" Wild Rose " says it has been discovered that
Teas are in many parts of England as easily culti-
vated as hybiid perpetuals, and then parenthetically
observes that tliis is not so in the North, except
under glass, and illustrates this remark with the
failure of a friend in Cheshire. I should like to say
to intending Rose growers that they need not be
deterred by the failure in Cheshire, which, as prob-
ably as not, was attributable to other than climatic
conditions. A.s an experiment I have had a small
collection of Teas planted out, and for the last two

494

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[October 22, 1887.

winters have not given anj protection except a slight
■mulching; in fact, in every respect they have had
^the same treatment as hybrid perpetuals. They
have, however, the warmest corner in the garden.
Early this spring we had, after some very fine
weather, a very severe return of frost, snow, and
titter north and north-east winds, and I confess to
'having felt ranch concerned. My apprehensions,
liappily, were groundless, for I only had one fatality
— in Niphetos; and another plant of the same
(variety survived, and has done well. I do not alto-
gether blame the weather. I am quite satisfied that
a very large number of the very best varieties of Teas
ere hardy as hybrid perpetuals — incomparably more
so than the delicate Lady M. Fitzwilliara, which I
have had killed twice, while Teas have survived ;
and Teas not only live, bjit give fine blooms. During
the hot summer the blooms were small and thin, but
4.his autumn, while H.P. blooms have been few and
far between. Teas have been plentiful, exquisitely
■coloured, full, and large enough for exhibition pur-
poses. My experience is not singular, for a few days
.-ago, at Hummersknott, Darlington, the highest and
'inost exposed grounds here, I saw many beautiful
Teas doing well ; and at East Layton Hall, ten miles
awav, w'hich stands 650 feet above sea-level, and from
whence have come for several seasons Roses which
3mve always stood high at exhibitions in the North,
I also saw a fine collection, and these have done best
-since the coddling treatment was dispensed with.
Wm. K. Brown, Darlington,

La France Kose for Autumnal Bloomincj.

Once more this beautiful and deliciously fragrant
Rose has established its high character as one of the
most free and valuable of our autumnal blooming
lioses. Only a few others have approached or
equalled it in usefulness this season ; these are
Catherine Mermet, Homcre, Gloire de Dijon, and
Boule de Neige. The two nearest abreast in merit
.of these autumnal beauties are Boule de Neige and
X<a France. I do not say that they have bloomed
jnore profusely than the old Glory or Homere, but
ilieir blooms have been on the whole more useful, or,
at least, more appreciated. Boule de Neige has only
itobe known, seen, and smelt, to be appreciated. Its
form, size, whiteness, fragrance commend it for all
Kose uses with the solitary exception of button-holes —
it is too round for the latter; the same may be said
of La France, the one solitary exception included, as
it is too large and too double for button-holes. It is
.a queen among pinks, as the Boule do Neige, not-
withstanding the many additions to wliites of late,
ds still a queen among them.

But it is as an autumnal bloomer^or rather, one
might write with truth a perpetual bloomer — that
I would now write in praise of La France. Given
.a dozen, a score, fifty, or a hundred La France in any
garden in different forms, sites, and aspects, more or
less bloom may be expected from May to November.
La France, unlike many other Roses, is almost
-equally floriferous on any or all of the more
popular stocks, and on its own roots. As a
3ialf-cUrabing small plant, however, I prefer La
France on Gloire de Dijon. On this stock,
^danted in good soil, on a southern site, and well
stimulated with house sewage, soap-suds, or other
manure-water, La France keeps on growing and
Ijlooming throughout the summer, autumn, and early
(winter months. Though one of the hardiest of our
Closes, it thrives marvellously, grows vigorously, and
4jlooms profusely on a southern or western wall, and
ds less subject to aphides on a hot site than almost
Any other Rose.

Next to a half-climber on a wall, perhaps La
Prance blooms most persistently as a standard on
fthe Brier. In this form, as well as on a wall, or as
jH half-pillar or climber in the open in warm locali-
rtics, La France sustains its character as a true per-
ipetual rather than a merely twice blooming Rose. As
■onepens the latter phrase how eager becomes the wish
tthat a tithe of the so-called perpetuals would favour
ais with a sight of their several blooms. The sheer
imposture of the name perpetual was never more

pronounced than this season when La France and
Boule de Neige were almost the sole lighters-up of
the dreary waste of verdure that oversprread a gar-
den of many hundred Roses.

La I'rance also forms admirable dwarfs on
seedling Briers, Gloire de Dijon, Gloire de Bor-
deaux, and on its own roots. These few Roses,
not even excepting the Teas, such as Homere,
form finer free-blooming masses, borders, or
beds, than La France. One great secret of con-
tinuous blooming lies in successional pruning. This
should begin early in the autumn, and continue
almost throughout the year, finishing it up in April,
and recommencing in June — that is, from the
moment of cutting the first flowers until the
end of September. Treated thus, Roses may be
cut from dwarfs in warm sheltered localities
from June to December; but, of course, the supply
is more plentiful, as well as more certainly con-
tinuous, wliere wall and standard Roses are grown in
addition to the dwarfs ; while with a few La France
in pots or planted out in cool orchard-houses or
conservatories, the entire year may be girdled round
with this best and sweetest of all pink Roses. It is
said that the Duchess of Albany, a sport from La
France, in the hands of Wm. Paul & Sons, is a dead
heat on its parent, being brighter, larger, fuller,
quite distinct, and much better than La France. If
this proves to be so, then rosarians will be fortunate
in the possession of two La France instead of one ;
for it seems hard to believe that the best and most
fragrant and useful of all our pink sorts is about to
be superseded, even by a chip of the old block, viz.,
a sport of itself. Ho&a,

WHAT IS IT?

A SHORT time since Mr. A. Henderson, of the
Tine-apple Nursery, Maida Yale, kindly brought
us the substance figured in the illustrations (fig.
100), with the inquiry, "What is it?" As may
be seen from the woodcut it is a Pear-shaped
mass, with the texture of sponge, or still more nearly
of Loofah (the fibrous network separated from the
pulp of Egyptian Gourds). It consists, in fact, of a
mass of fibres densely and intricately interwoven, and
which when traced to their source may be seen to
spring from the sides of projecting processes. These
processes again originate in very hard nodules, of the
size of a Pea to that of a Hazel-nut, and which are
embedded in the fibrt*s. This is all we could see by
the naked eye, and Mr. Henderson's question had to
remain unanswered. The solution Mr. Henderson
himself offers, is that it was a bulb, probably of an
Amaryllis, which had fallen from tlie stage of a
greenhouse into a tank of water below, where it re-
mained for an unknown but probably long period.
"With this clue we proceeded to examine the fibres
with the aid of the microscope. The fibres consist
entirely of densely compacted wood cells ortracheids,
with here and there a true spiral vessel, the whole
encircled by a cellular cortex,*the cells of wliich were
more or less rotten and disintegrated.

The hard nodules from which the processes
proceed consist almost entirely of cells, some con-
taining a granular nucleus, others a very few starch-
grains. The processes which emanate from these
nodules consist of a central core of very bard,
thick-walled, pitted wood-cells, with a few large
pitted ducts, the whole encircled by a cortex of five
or six layers of thin-walled apparently empty cells.
We were not fortunate enough to be able to find a
distinct root-cap, though further search might pro-
bably be successful. Such, in brief, is the structure
of this curious body. The answer to the question,
What is it ? seems as far off as ever. Mr. Hender-
son's explanation may be correct, but we find
nothing to support his conclusions, and nothing to
militate absolutely against them. AVe know that
the structure of roots is profoundly modified by long
sojourn in drains, and so it may be that the ordinary
structure of a bulb may have been clianged in the
manner now noted. We cannot say, and must con-
tent ourselves with placing the fact on record.

AN ENGLISH SHOW SEEN
THROUGH FOREIGN SPECTACLES.

We publish the following account of the last
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, at South
Kensington, in which the peculiarities of an English
show are stated as they appear to the foreign visitor.
That we have much to learn from the manner in
which the Continental exhibitors stage and arrange
their plants, in the charming management of grou])s
of foliage and flowering plants, is patent to all who
have visited a great show at Ghent or Paris ; but
in the manner of showing off" cut blooms, and
tabling vegetables and fruits, the foreigner can take
many useful hints from ourselves: —

" I visited the recent show of the Royal Horticul-
tural Society, at South Kensington, and herewith
give my impression of the subject. On entering, a
pot- Vine (Muscat of Alexandria), bearing eight
bunches of fine fruit, particularly struck me. I had
before seen this style of cultivation adopted at Ghent,
but never with so much success. There was
also a grafted Vine of interest. This is the way
of exhibiting Grapes in Holland and Belgium, only
the Grapes there were not in such fine condition ;
Mr. Roupell, who sent these, also had cut bunches
on stands — a good way of exhibiting the fruits, and
also for travelling. As to Dahlias, which I had not
before seen exhibited elsewhei*e, I was chiefly taken
with Queen of the Belgians (white, flushed with
flesh) and R. J. Rawlings (yellow). It seems to me
that the flowers would have made a flne eliect if
staged with Adiantum or moss. I also noticed the
flowers were exhibited each one in a small tube of
water placed in holes at regular intervals on wooden
stands. The style in which flowers are shown in
Belgium and Holland is sometimes the same as here,
but not often is so much trouble taken. They are
merely placed in bottles of water inserted in a bank
of wet sand or moss.

" Let us now look at the fruits, of which Messrs. J.
Veitch & Son had a flne collection, well meriting
the Silver Banksian Medal awarded. Apples and
Pears were shown, about a hundred varieties of
each species. These were displayed on plates, covered
with Plane leaves, three to ten specimens, according
to size, arranijed in a conical heap. Thus shown
the fruits could be examined on all sides. The
nomenclature, too, was excellent, little printed
tickets being emplo3'ed. How often does it happen
with us that the fruits are shown in small baskets,
in which manner they can only be partially seen,
unless lifted out, whilst the names are often so
horribly written as to render it impossible to read
them.

" A characteristic of the English shows are the
competitions established by nurserymen, &c., for
produce obtained from seed supplied by them. I
believe that this, too, is not done anywhere on the
Continent ; it is, however, a good idea, as interesting
exhibits are by this means brought forward. The
prizes offered by Sutton and by Carter brought out
each twelve competitors. The collections for
Sutton's prizes drew my attention from afar. I had
never thought of seeing such flne produce, which
gained in effect by the mode of display adopted, the
table being covered with Parsley ; besides, the roots
were so scrupulously cleaned, the Cauliflowers so solid
and white, the Celery so large, and Toniatos so red
and good in form, and other vegetables equally good.
Truly, many of our Continental exhibitors could
profit much by a trip to England, if only to karn
how to show vegetables, with which generally not
much trouble is taken. Opposite were Veitch's
hybrid Rhododendrons, of which evidently the habit
of growth needs improvement, but this is out-
balanced by the numerous trusses of brilliant,
variously-coloured flowers — white, yellow, red, rose,
and carmine, being the chief tints. Up to the pre-
sent I have seen but few of these plants in Ghent,
and these without flowers, but Mr. Veitch and Jlr.
Wilh'ams here produce great quantities. The flower
of which you English are so passionately fond (and of
whicli I, too, must admit the merits) was not absent
' -I refer to the Chrysanthemum.

OcTODEK 22, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

495

" Mr. Stevens, of Putney, showed a nice collection
of novelties, receiving a First-class Certificate for
M. Lacroix — pure white. It is difficult for me to
judge these flowers, as it was only last year that the
first show of them at Ghent took place, and there
these plants are not cultivated with so much care as
here. A good style of exhibition is in triplets.

"Although small the exhibition could teach much,
especially to a foreigner. It seemed to me that the
chief object was the judging of novelties, &c., by a
society having the power to grant certificates. It is
an excellent way to make good things known and
appreciated ; and the numerous exhibits of both
nurser}'men and amateurs testify that they attach
value to the awards. The same takes place at the
'Chambre Syndicate' in Belgium, and I hope that
in Holland where a similar institution is talked of,
there will also be one soon. H. J. Gocmans."

THE SEED HARVEST OF 1887.

The following report has been forwarded to us by
Messrs. James Carter & Co., of High Holborn,
London, for the information of oar readers : —

Bed Clover (Trifoliumpratenseperenne). — There is

From America the report is, " moderate crop, ad-
vancing in price," so that we need hardly expect to
look to that district for supplies. On the other hand,
reports from Germany, Poland, and Sweden, are very
satisfactory, so that fine European samples may be
expected at reasonable prices.

Trefoil (Medicago lupuliua). — The dry summer has
had a bad effect upon the quantity of seed produced,
both in England and on the Continent. Samples
that have come forward are somewhat small, but good
in colour.

Lucern (Medicago sativa).— This crop is reported
to be an average one.

Timothy (Phleum pratense). — Very unfavourable
accounts are given of this crop both in the United
States and Germany, and considerably higher prices
are expected to rule than last year.

Bye-grasses (Lolium perenne and italicum). —
Accounts of the English, Irish, and French crops
state that they are most abundant, and better in
quality than for many years. As an instance of this
it may be mentioned that the natural weight for
perennial Rye-grass this year is 28 lb. per bushel,
whereas for several years it has been about 24 lb.

rate crop. Eeports from New Zealand have not
been satisfiictory. European samples have a high
standard of vitality, and command higher values than
they did this time last year.

Fcsliica icniiifutia (Fine-leaved Fescue). — This crop
is usually very light, but as its principal use is fcr
the formation of lawns and pleasure grounds it is not
an important factor in the supply.

F. dariuscula (Hard Fescue). — Is again a good
average crop, and seed of high germination.

F. pratense (Meadow Fescue). — Is perhaps the
most satisfactory of any grass crop of the year, with
germination exceedingly high, and many of the
samples absolutely pure and free from objectionable
features.

F. datior (Tall Fescue). — This grass is more plenti-
ful than in previous years ; but as the supply is still
under the demand, the best samples command high
prices.

Poatrivialis and P. )M»«)ra& (Rough-stalk Meadow-
grass and Wood Meadow-grass). — Are good average
crops, fine in quality.

P. pratensis (Smooth - stalk Meadow-grass). —
Reports from Europe and America speak of a fair

Fig. 1(X). — mass of hoots : " what is it ? " (see p. 4SM.)

a moderate crop of English seed of good average
quality. Continental reports, including Italy, France,
Germany, Denmark, and Russia, show some variation,
but the latest information speaks of an average crop of
well-ripened seed in these districts. The reports
from America are not so satisfactory ; and, as last
year, the indications are that the supplies of sound
seed will not be more than the home consumption
will absorb. Considerable damage appears to have
been done to the American crop by the dry weather,
and the samples will not compare favourably with
European grown seed. Taken all round, European
red Clover will be of good average quality, but, in
consequence of the dry summer, the crops are some-
what lighter than usual.

White Clover (Trifolium repens). — The small quan-
tity of this seed produced in England is of excellent
quality, and from America our correspondent
reports " very light crops." In Germany and Poland
the crops are excellent, both in quantity and quality,
and prices for this article will be expected to rule
moderate. Reports from France are not so satis-
factory.

Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum).— Some very
bright samples of English-grown seed have come
into our hands, for which moderate prices are asked.

Bapc. — Is a fair average crop, harvested in excel-
lent condition, and the samples are very bright and
black.

Mustard. — Fair average crop.

Swcclc and Turnip. — The burning summer secured
the samples " shot dry," but the produce is exceed-
ingly short in many varieties.

Natdeal Grasses.

Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernal). — There is
a very good crop of this grass, showing an exception-
ally high standard of germination.

Agrostis stolonifera (Fiorin). — This is a good
average crop, both in Germany and America ; but as
this grass is very subject to ergot, samples free from
the impurity command good prices.

Alopecurus pratcnsis (Meadow Foxtail). — This is
again one of tlie shortest harvests of the natural
grasses, and samples are not numerous that will
give the average germination for the past two or
three years.

Cynosnrus cristatus (Crested Dogstail). — Is a good
average crop in England, Ireland, Holland, and
Germany, brighter in colour and higher in germina-
tion than it has been for some previous years.

Dactylis glomerata (Cocksfoot). — Is only a mode-

average crop, but many American samples are very
deficient in vitality.

As in previous years, there is abundance of inferior
grass seeds of all kinds in the market, at all sorts of
prices.

The Rock Garden.

CAMPANULA TURBINATA ALBA.

Neaely all the Campanulas are liable to produce
white-flowered varieties ; but I have never yet seen
a white variety of this. I make the remark,
because the plant is offered in nearly every her-
baceous catalogue ; but what is sent for it. is always
nearer to C. carpatica than to C. turbinata. The
latter, as it first appeared in cultivation, is a very
characteristic variety of C. carpatica from the
Transylvanian Alps, and the name must be con-
fined to this, and not be extended to every variety
between itself and C. carpatica. I have never
been able yet to make C. turbinata reproduce
itself from home-grown seed. The seedlings, which
are of every shade or colour from dark purple
to pure white, always tend in the direction of C.

496

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 23, 1887.

.carpatica. The well-marked variety called by
Froebel C. pelviformis, and referred to C. turbinata,
from which it may bo a seedling, produces seed abun-
dantly, from wliich comes pure and typical C. car-
patica, variable in colour. I have looked every-
where in vain for a true C. turbinata with pure
white flowers, and have a plant raised by myself
which comes nearer to it than any I have been able
to buy. C. WoUet/ Dod, Edge Hall, October 12.

PlilMULA AoniCOLA.

It will be not a little interesting to watch how this
alpine Primrose behaves itself when its regular
floweiing season comes round. At the present time
— wliich is doubtless due to the recent very dry
■summer — P. Auricula is flowering profusely at several
places in the South of England. This strange pro-
cedure, although not rare in some few of the alpine
set, and hybrids in particular, we have not before
noticed it so marked in this species. In our col-
lection we have been troubled a good deal with the
■different species throwing up odd flowers all through
the hot weather, amongst the most notable being P.
rminiraa, P. involucrata, P. pubescens, P. viscosa, P.
Jieidii, and P. Rusbyi. This premature flowering
'has been the means of keeping them active, and it is
just a question if our plants will be sufficiently
strong to withstand a severe winter without pro-
tection of some kind. Those plants established on
■the north, or shady side of the rockery do not seem
to have felt the drought much ; they have shown no
■signs of flower, and are to all appearance resting, as
■we would expect them at this time of year. D.

Primula Sieboldi.
' This plant has been said to have "all the ele-
ments of beauty, hardiness, and vigour of growth "
necessary to place it in the foreniost ranks of hardy
■border flowers, also being well adapted in all respects
for pot culture. Like the majority of Primulas,
this species is very easily grown, and produces a
great profusion of bloom from comparatively small
■croivns, and with a very moderate extent of foliage.
The plants when at rest, and more particularly when
they commence to grow in the early spring, are very
fragile, and require accordingly careful cultural
attention. They succeed best when grown in pots of a
moderate size, and -wintered in a cold frame ; and a
number of plants thus grown, comprised of many
varieties, will afford as flue a display of blooming
plants as it is possible to secure from a small outlay
«f money and labour. Cold frames or pits are very
■well suited to these and other similar plants, owing
,to the fact that whilst they are protected from
severe frosts, they are maintained in a moderately
moist state, which is favourable to the wants of
plants that rest during our winter. The quick-
ened activity occasioned by the return of warmth
an the spring tends to give plants in frames
an exceptionally good and early display of bloom.
Primula Sieboldi is somewhat impatient of arti-
ficial heat, though a uniform temperature of 55°
or 58°, with free ventilation and occasional
«yringings, produce the best results. If by these
means fine healthy leaves are formed, robust
spikes follow with unvarying certainty when the
plants are transferred to the cool greenhouse. Though
this species, unlike some others, shows no particular
partiality for certain kinds of soils, it thrives best
ia a compost of loam, leaf-mould, and silver-sand
pressed somewh.at firmly around and over the roots.
After the plants have flowered they should be placed
.out-of-doors upon a cinder-ash bed, and receive the
fusual attention in the matter of water, &c. Several
(fine garden varieties of this species exist, varying
greatly in form of flower and in colour. As regards
the former, variations are so great as to have induced
raisers to name flowers variously after round-flowered
Vincas, ragged-edged Clarki.as, &c. The following
formadesirable collection :—PrimulaSieboldiameena
frandiflora, P. S. albagrandiflora, P. S. Clarkiaflora.
P. S. Dentelle, P. S. Etoile, P. S. lilacina. P. S,
lilacina marginata, P. S. Geant, P. S. Nancy, P. S.
Ophelia, P. S. President Simon, P. S. Reggiana,
P. S. vincifiora, P. S. Virginal, and P. S. W. C'libran.
WUliam Barley .

WHITE LODGE, RICHMOND
PARK.

Within the boundaries of Richmond are three
houses at the disposal of the Sovereign, viz.. White
Lodge, the residence of H.R.H. the Duchess of
Teck ; Pembroke Lodge, the residence of the
Countess Russell ; and the Thatched House, occupied
by Lady Bowater. There are few Londoners who
have not, one time or another, strolled along the
Terrace Walk from the Richmond Hill entrance to
Pembroke Lodge, and enjoyed that " inimitable
landscape" — an arboricultural feast for the eyes to
gaze on — one of the most famous and the most
visited in all England.

From the time of Edward I., as we learn from
records, there was a royal residence at Riciimond,
standing between what is now known as " The
Green " and the River Thames, and a representation
of which is still extant in an engraving by Van der
Gutch. It occupied lOA acres of ground ; but all
that now remains of a palace in which three of our
most famous sovereigns — Edward III., Henry VII.,
and Elizabeth — died, is the entrance gateway of the
Wardrobe Court, still surmounted by the arms of
Henry VII. To this palace was attached a park,
consisting of about 350 acres, part of which is now
thrown into Kew Gardens, and part — that nearest to
Richmond — is meadow land, known as the Old Deer
Park, of Richmond flower show notoriety, and to
which the public are not admitted. Charles I., who
with great reason, was very fond of both Hampton
Court and Richmond as hunting seats, and as both
the Old Park attached to Richmond Palace and
the park belonging to Hampton Court Palace were
comparatively small, he determined to form a new
park at Richmond. This was at first called the New
Park to distinguish it from the more ancient park,
in which the palace stood, but is now known as
Richmond Park, and consists of 2250 acres.

It may prove of interest to those who are fond of
St itistics to put on record here, and give some idea
of its size, to state that next to Windsor it was,
before the acquisition of Epping Forest, the largest
park round London ; and that if the suburban parks
of Greenwich, Battersea, Finsbury, and West Ham
be added to Victoria Park, Southwark Park, Ken-
sington Gardens, Hyde Park, the Green Park, and
Regent's Park, you will have the area of Richmond
Park — a noble inheritance, saved for the people for
all time.

The only considerable enclosures against the
public are the great paddocks, extending from the
Roehampton Gate to the Robin Hood Gate, and the
game preserves, about which latter complaints have
within the last few years been heard, and perhaps
not without reason. A herd of 1500 deer, mostly
fallow, is kept, gambolling about, and give a life and
picturesqueness to the already beautiful surroundings.
It is somewhat singular that the number of deer is
the same as the number in the time of the City's
possession, as extracts show.

Hereabouts the scenery is of the most varied and
beautiful description — lovely' Fern dells, wild forest
slopes near Ham Cross Road, and again, near the
Robin Hood Gate, a long vista from " Oliver's
Mount " to the White Lodge. There are large sheets
of ornamental waters below the last mentioned
residence which the herons frequent in spring and
summer. From many points most picturesque and
extended views meet the eye, the best known and
most frequented being that from the seat at the end
of the terrace walk commanding the valley of the
Thames in the foreground, and in the distance the
hills of Surrey, Bucks, and Berks, on one of which
Windsor Castle may be seen on a favourable day.

By way of conclusion, a few notes on the grounds
attached to White Lodge. They are not extensive,
but prettily and effectively laid out, and contain some
nice examples of tree growth. Some Weymouth
Pines we noted as being especially fine. Cedars, too,
do well here, as does Sequoia gigantea, the pure air
doubtless suiting its requirements. One specimen
we noted is 60 feet in height. A glorious examjde

of a Copper Beech arrested attention, its girth at
4 feet from the ground being 10 feet, spread of
branches from trunk 36 feet, 216 feet in circum-
ference. Some idea of its size may be gathered from
the fact that tea parties are generally held in summer
beneath its spreading and shady branches, partly
covering a rich well-kept lawn, forming indeed a
charming and cool retreat. We noted some good
c.x:am]des of Magnolias, and some of the most ornate
deciduous or evergreen flowering trees and shrubs.
Irises are largely grown, and, being planted amongst
the shrubs, have a pretty effect when in bloom. The
jilantations are enlivened with many plants of
Azalea mollis. The glass structures contain the
usual subjects, flowering and foliage, grown for the
decoration of the house. B.

TELOPEA OREADES.

Eastern Gippsland, " the Australian Switzerland,"
is the home of this magnificent plant, where it
attains occasionally a height of 40 feet, and being
usually arborescent is unlike its compeer, T. specio-
sissima, which seems always of shrubby growth,
though it becomes sometimes rather tall also. What
gives the Victorian Waratah a special horticultural
interest — in which, however, to some extent, the
Tasmanian one, T. truncata, also shares— is the hardi-
ness of the species. Suppose that in the lowlands
of Britain, in sheltered positions, our Waratah could
be grown in the open air ! What a picture — Hima-
layan Rhododendrons, Palm-like Dracophyllums, and
Richeas from Tasmania, and this gorgeous Telopea
grouped together scenically with a sheltering back-
ground of verdure, and kept moist by some brooklet
springing out of artificial rocks !

The Victorian Waratah is specifically quite dis-
tinct from its Tasmanian congener, both of which I
have studied in their native haunts. It is restricted
to elevations between 3000 and 4000 feet, as far
as I am as yet aware ; tracks into this tourists"
paradise here having only recently been cut by
Mr. Merrah for mining exploration.

When, in 1860, 1 first entered this subalpine country
(only now explored throughout by the gentleman
named), and then saw the Victorian Telopea in all
its glory, it reminded me of the Oreades of ancient
mythology, as their emblems in the vegetable world.
This Telopea and Crinum flaccidum are the two
plants which bear the largest flowers in the native
vegetation of this colony. Baron Sir F. v. Mueller.

The Flower Garden.

Flower-beds and Borders. — The late shai'p
frosts having now disposed of the more tender bedding
subjects, it will be advisable to cut off the stems of
Dahlias at about 1 foot high, and draw some soil
round the stems, letting the tubers remain in the
ground for two or three weeks to ripen, as if lifted
out of the soil at once they are apt to shrivel. Clear
off all the frozen plants and prepare the beds for the
reception of the spring bedders. Now is a good time
to commence renovating and re-arranging herbaceous
beds and borders. Sift out all the jilants for a
distance of 10 yards or so, trenching the ground to a
depth of 2 to 2k feet, according to the nature of the
soil ; add a liberal supply of well decayed manure
and new soil, if at command ; divide and replant as
each section is trenched, group the various plants
according to height and time of flowering ; remem-
bering that several plants of the same variety have
more effect grouped together than as isolated speci-
mens, unless the plants possess bold and striking
features of flower or foliage.

Carnations and Picotces, which were not layered
until late in the season, should be potted up as soon
as possible — two or three plants in a 48 pot, using
light sandy loam. Examine the soil minutely for
wireworm, for if this pest be left in the soil it will
work sad havoc with tlie plants. Plunge the pots up
to the rim in coal ashes; keep the sashes of the

C>croBER 22, 1S87.]

THE GAB DENE BS' CHBONIGLE.

497

frame or pit closed for a little time, to induce tl.e
formation of fresh roots. Kemove all decaying
foliage as it appears, aud guard against damp.

Hardy Herba<:eotis and Alpine Plants in Pots. —
These should receive all the air possible when the
weather permits, but excess of moisture should be
guartled against at this season of the year. See that
none of the pots are standing under drip, and
examine the drainage of any pot when Liverwort is
visible on the surface of the soil. Auriculas should
receive as little water as possible, but avoid surface
dribbling, and if the plants are really dry give a
thorougii soaking of rain-water. A sharp look-out
must be kept for aphides, aud steps should be taken
to destroy them on their first appearance. I have
lately tested the thanatophore sold by Mr. B. S.
Williams, of HoUoway, and find it to be the most
effectual and safest mode of fumigating; the ten-
derest foliage is not injured by the process. The
operation can be carried on while the plants are
hanging with moisture without it inflicting the
slightest injury, which is what cannot be done by
the ordinary method of smoking with tobacco-paper
and rag. Moreover the fumes will eifectually destroy
the white fly which infests Tomatos, after two or
three applications at intervals of a few days, have
been given, and which tobacco smoke is powerless to
accomplish. I am not clear as regards cost, but it
would appear tliat the tobacco juice is the more
expensive article, although the extra cost is more
than balanced by greater efficiency and safety.

GcJieral Directiojis. — Falling leaves will now give
much trouble, so do not allow them to accumulate
in any quantity on the grass, else it will soon be dis-
figured and seriously injured. Walks must be swept,
frequently, else rain and traffic will cause sloppmess
of the surface and much extra labour will be entailed
thereby. Now is the time to prepare a list of Roses
for the current year, ere the best plants are all
picked up : select only those varieties which suit the
soil and climate where they are to be grown. Pre-
pare the beds by trenching the ground to a depth of
2 feet 6 inches, picking up the bottom, and let plenty
of good cow or pig manure be mixed with the soil ; as
the process of trenching proceeds shorten back ; the
long growths on standards to 12 or 14 inches, to pre-
vent the lodgment of snow, which will otherwise
break down the heads. See that all standard and
other Roses, as well as creepers, are securely fastened,
to prevent breakage by wind. Secure a quantity of
Bracken when dry, and store it under cover for pro-
tecting the more tender Roses and other subjects
during severe irosts. W. M, Baillie, Luton Hoo
Gai-ilciis,

Plants and Their Culture.

^\''INTER Tkeatjient OF Climbers. — All specics of
climbers — at least those that are benefited by having
their roots kept tolerably dry during the winter —
should be either grown in pots, or have their roots
otherwise confined to a limited space. Of these, such
plants of Allamandas now finished flowering should
have the root-watering gradually lessened in quantity,
so that the wood may get matured and the old foliage
fall off, which will cause free-flowering next season.
Vntil the plants are cut back and started into growth
in -Tanuary, no more water should be given than is
needful to keep the wood from shrivelling. Stepha-
notis floribunda should receive, as regards watering,
similar treatment ; and any superfiuous growths may
now be cut out, to afford those that are left a better
chance of getting matured. Late flowering Dipla-
denias should have a light position and a trellis to
themselves, and look well when clothing the rafters
of the stove. These plants should also be dried ofiT
after they finish flowering, and previous to having
their shoots shortened ; and they should be preserved
in a brisk stove temperature.

Amongst Jasminums, J. gracillimum forms a chaste
- pillar plant for the intermediate house ; strong young
plants which we planted out last spring in such a
position have made considerable progress and are
now commencing to blossom freely. Its habit of
forming a cluster of delicately scented flowers at
the point of nearly every growth makes it
worthy of general cultivation. Jasminums generally
after their flowering season, should be kept rather
dry at the root for some weeks previously to being

pruned. Luculia gratissima is another choice
flowering shrub suitable for covering columns, or
walls, in the intermediate house, which requires to be
carefully watered in the winter, aud must not bo
dried off to the extent that Allamandas, &c., are.
Bougainvilleas should be rested by having their roots
kept tolerably dry until about January, when their
weakest growths shouKl be cut away and the plants
again started into growth. Ipomcea llorsfalliie is
moderate in its demand for space, and cannot be
crowded by other plants without being much
damaged. It should on no account be kept in a low
temperature at any time, particularly during the
winter, before and during the time of flowering.

Bignonias, Tecomas, Tacsonias, and Fassifloras,
unlike many climbers, must be kept moist at their
roots during the dull months, for if they become very
dry it will result in loss of foliage and permanent
injury. None of these plants should be so neglected
as to allow their shoots to get entangled into a mass,
and, being fast growers, to prevent this taking place
they must have frequent attention. Of the last 1*.
princeps is desirable for winter-flowering, and its
racemes of bright flowers are very attractive when
hanging from the rafters of lofty houses. Of all
greenhouse climbers Lapagerias are the most beau-
tiful at this period of the year, and owing to the
considerable substance of their flowers keep a long
time in perfection. The plant delights in a some-
what shaded situation, where frost is excluded, and
should have good drainage under the bed or border
in which it is planted, with plenty of moisture
at the root at all seasons. Little more pruning is
required than removing some of the oldest shoots,
when necessary, to prevent over-crowding. T/wmaa
Coomhcr, Hendre Gardens, Monmouth,

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

General Directions. — As opportunity offers com-
plete the root-pruning of all kinds of trees requiring
it, also the preparations for the planting of new
subjects. The new quarters for all kinds of trees
and bushes should be got in readiness for their recep-
tion. Now is a good time to attend to any defects
in the pointing of walls in the garden, as this will
get out of repair from the constant use of nails in
training the trees, and the crevices form a capital
place of hybernation for insects, as well as having
an unsightly appearance. Ground intended for the
reception of bush fruits should be trenched while the
weather remains fine, no manure being applied at
the trenching, this being unnecessary where garden
ground (as it ought to be) is under rotation of crops.
I prefer putting a little fresh loamy soil to their
roots at the time of planting, the manure can be
given as a top-dressing afterwards. The hoe will
still have to be kept going, the weeds being still very
troublesome. The transplanting of any large trees
from one part of the garden to another should be
attended to at as early a period as possible. Sites
in the orchard where planting is intended will require
to be prepared in the same manner as within the
fruit garden proper if success be sought for. Soils
of a wet adhesive nature will require to have raised
stations thrown up for the trees, and soil of a lighter
texture should be procured for working in amongst
their roots when planting. The selection of varieties
of fruit trees should now be made so as to receive
them early next month, November being the best
month for planting if the weather be favourable.
E. Ward, Hewell Grange, Bromsgrove.

Fruits Under Glass.

Cucumbers. — The recent change in the weather
has rendered brisk firing at night necessary in order
to maintain the moderately low temperature of Go*^.
This in its turn entails an increase of atmospheric
moisture in the Cucumber-house. The plants, too,
where the bottom-heat is obtained from hot water,
will require to be watered oftener at the roots, and
this should be done in the morning, but not before
the temperature of the house has reached 70°, so
that the superabundant moisture may have time to
evaporate before nightfall. Avoid over-cropping
of the plants, which in most cases will be inclined to
show fruit rather freely during this and the next
month. Remove any damaged portion of wood or
leaf that may appear on the plants, and let the stop-

ping, thinning, and tying of the shoots be attended^
to with regularity.

Hotbeds. — The lieat in linings of hotbed frames-
should be regulated by having them made up weekly
or fortnightly according to circumstances. The oldl
linings should be removed from the sides and ends-
of the hotbed and frame from the ground to the
top of the former, and be replaced by fermenting dung
and leaves in equal parts, beating it firmly together-
with the fork as the work is proceeded with. The-
frames should be covered with mats and a good
thickness of I'ern at night, putting it on as soon as
the sun has gone off the frames in the after-
noon, so as to husband the heat in the interior
of the frame. The appeai-ance of mildew and
canker on plants growing in these frames during the*
late autumn and winter months may be looked upon
as the natural consequence of the condition and
circumstances under which they are grown. There-
fore the presence of these diseases is not only to be
apprehended, but their spreading should be checked!
by the timely use of preventives. An occasional
dusting of the leaves with the flowers of sulphur will
check the attacks of mildew, whilst a dusting of
quicklime and fresh soot, in about equal parts,
around the collars of the plants and over the surface-
of the bed generally, avoiding the foliage, will not
only be the means of saving the plants from canker,
and, in case of its having previously attacked them,
arresting its further progress, but also by reason of
their moisture-absorbing properties will prove a good
antidote against the attacks of mildew.

Storing Strawberry Plants in Pots for the Winter. —
Strawberry plants in pots should, without further
delay, be plunged slightly below the rims of the pots
in fine coal ashes, in a dry situation, having a south
aspect, and where no water is likely to lodge during
the next four or five months. Ten or twelve degrees
of frost will not hurt the plants in this position, but
if it is likely to be more than this they should be
covered lightly with Fern at night, removing it in
the morning and replacing it in the afternoon, ac-
cording to circumstances. H. W. Ward, IjongforS-
Castle.

The Kitchen Garden.

French Beans. — Those coming into bloom will'
require a higher temperature than has hitherto been
afforded, and all the sowings for succession should'
be removed into heated pits or houses, placed inr
positions near the glass, where a temperature of 65° at
night can be obtained. Air should be given when-
ever the state of the weather will permit, avoiding
cold draughts. Occasional applications with the
syringe before and after flowering will be necessary,
and will tend to keep the plants free from red-spider.
Assistance to those in bearing should be given by
watering with tepid liquid manure.

Genera! Work. — Clear away all exhausted crops,,
and prepare the ground for digging and trenching,
taking favourable opportunities for conveying manure-
on to such parts as require it. All ground being
turned up at this season of the year, is best left-
in as rough a state as possible and on stiff re-
tentive soils thrown up into ridges. Now is a favour-
able time to improve the condition and appearance-
of .any portions of the garden that may require
draining, levelling, and any other necessary altera-
tions and improvements in the shape of groundwork.
By this date the greater portion of the root crops-,
and other vegetables likely to be injured by frost,
should have been to a great extent secured or placed
in temporary shelter. Cauliflowers fit for use should
either be cut and placed in a cool shed or cellar till
required, or have a goodly number of their leaves
broken and turned down over them, sufflcient to pro-
tect them from slight frosts. At a later date, plants
showing flower should be lifted with a large ball of
earth, and replanted into deep frames, pits.or othersnit-
able structures. Lettuces and Endive should also be
treated in a similar manner, and precautions takett
to prevent their being frozen. Young plants of these-
and of Cauliflower intended for early spring work,
if not already pricked out into frames to stand the
winter, should be attended to at once. J. Austen.
Witleij Court Gardens.

TRADE MEMORANDUM.

Andebson, Lauqbehm & Co., 22, Bue de Dun-
kerque, Paris.

498

THE OABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[October 22, 1887.

SUBSCBIBEBS TO
fTiHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

-*- who e.rperienre any difficult!/ in obtaininff
their Copies regulurly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,

Strand, W.C.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders ami Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,

No. 42, DRURY LANE.

Now ready, in clotti, lis. 6d.
'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

J- Vol. I.. Third Series. JAN. to JUNE. 1SS7.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

TUESDAY,
WEDNESDAY,

fir-T ort f National Chrysanthemum Societv'
^"•-"1 Floral Committee.

SALES.

(Nursery Stock, at Sfceell's Nursery.
Richmond, by Pmtht roe & Morris.
Bulbs from Holldnd, at ^Stevens'
' "" ^ Rooms.

1 R<

I Bull

WEDNESDAY',

FKroAY.
SATURDAY,

I' Nursery Stock, at Maurice Young' .-
Nursery, Milford, Godalming, by
OrT •>-, ,■ Stevens (three day.s).
^. 1 1 . .... ^ Butch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

I Orchids in Flower, at Protheroe &
\. Morris' Rooms.
I- Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Euonymus, at the Elm Grove Nur-
sery, Brighton, by Protheroe &
Morris.
CtfT 9rt Trade Sale of Golden Euonymus and
^^'■- '"' I Small Conifers, at the Wood Lane
Nursery, Isleworth, by Protheroe
& Morris.
Greenhotise Plants, Bulbs, &c., at
^ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
/Second Portion of the Collection of
Orchids formed by H. Lovatt,
Esq., of Lowstill, Wolverhamp-
ton, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

r. 9- / Rooms.

' \ Nursery Stock, at the Miti:ham
Road NuTser)', S.W., by Protheroe
& Morris.
Nursery Stock, at the Royal Nur-
series, Ascot, by Protheroe &
^ Morris (two days).
q ( Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
^ 7 Morris' Rooms.

i Koom^.

The notices that have been given
Allotmenrict '" °"' columns from time to time

as to the allotment gardens at
Nottingham, on Lord Tollemache's estate in
Cheshire, and particularly at Kothamsted, as
alluded to in our last issue, induces us to lay
before our readers some particular."; relating to
the new Allotments Act, in the hope that its
provisions may thus become better known to
those most interested.

The new Act i.s not so much directed towards
the acquisition of allotment gardens as was the
Allotment Extension Act of 1882; and it will
not, it is to be feared, be of much service to
those who found the Act of 1882 insufficient to
obtain allotment gardens where they are most
needed — in the suburbs of our large cities and
towns. There is reason to fear but little use is
being made of the Act of 1882, so difficult
does it appear to be in purely rural districts to
induce those most interested in the matter — the
working men — to avail themselves of the powers
vested in them under the measure; and in the
event of such a movement being made, to secure
enough local sympathy and co-operation to

enable them to reach the end sought. That Act
gives the working men power as affecting charity
or parish lands; and under it the trustees of
land held for the benefit of the poor shall give
notice of their intention to let it in small
quantities, specifying the rent required. The
difficulty experienced has been that trustees are
not well disposed to let the land for this purpose,
and where they have done so, what appears an
exorbitant rent has been demanded. In some
cases the trustees have let the lands on lease, so
as to avoid the operation of the Act.

The Allotments Act of 1887 is directed, not
so much towards the establishment of allotment
gardens in urban districts as the acquisition of
allotments for agricultural purposes. Though
the term " allotment " has been made to include
a garden, the Act is devised in the interests of
the agricnltm'al labourers ; the maximum size of
an allotmerit, which may be arable or pasture, is
one acre. In committee on the Bill, Mr. J.
CuAMBEBLAiN strongly advocated the proposal
to allow an allotment to consist of 1 acre of
arable land or 3 acres of pasture; but it was
rejected.

The Act prescribes the method of putting its
provisions into operation much as follows : — Any
six registered electors qualified to vote for Mem-
bers of Parliament, who reside in the district —
the district being confined to the parish where
the place is rural — can make a representation to
the sanitary authority that the circumstances of
the district require that the pro\'isions of the
Act should be put in force. " Thereupon the
authority is directed to take the representation
into consideration. If the authority, either inde-
pendently or after inquiry made in consequence
of a representation, is of opinion that there is
a demand for allotments, and that they cannot be
obtained at a reasonable rent, and on reasonable
conditions by volimtary arrangement between
the landowners and the applicants — then it is
directed to acquire, by purchase or hire, any
suitable land which may be available and adequate
to provide a sufficient number of allotments."
But the local authority is not permitted to
acquire land unless all expenses incurred in doin"-
so may reasonably be expected to be recouped
out of the rents derived from it. Then the
sanitary authority petitions the county authority
which, after instituting the necessary inquiries
make a provisional order authorising the sanitary
authority to carry the Act into effect. But con-
siderable discretionary powers appear to be
vested in the sanitary authority ; which has
to be persuaded that the acquisition of such land
is desirable in view of the wants and circumstances
of the labouring population.

The Bill was amended in one important par-
ticular. Originally no building could be erected
on an allotment. Atool-house, .shed, greenhouse,
fowl-house, or pig-stye can be built. But there
are difficulties in the way of doing this ; the
sanitary authority might interpose and say that
the pig-stye, if not other buildings, would be a
violation of their regulations for promoting the
health of the district. Another is that no claim
in the form of tenant-right can be set up, and no
compensation in the case of any building erected
can be made by the out-going tenant. But he
has the power to remove any trees and bushes he
has planted. \\'hen the rent is forty days in arrear,
— or if it can be established that the tenant
has not duly observed the regulations — or if he
should come to reside more than a mile out of
the parish or district — the local authority has
power to terminate the tenancy by giving a
month's notice. But the Act provides that the
tenant will be entitled to receive, either from the

tenant that succeeds him, or from the local
authority, compensation as an outgoing tenant.
In the case of disputed compensation, and in
order to diminish expenses, the Local Government
Board, which at present stands in the place of the
county authority, may refer the case to a single
arbitrator, and power is given to the latter to
disallow the expenses of witnesses whom he con-
siders to have been called unnecessarily, and also
any uncalled-for costs.

Time will show whether this Act is calculated
to confer advantages upon that portion of the
community most interested in it. By some the
machinery employed to put the Act in force has
been termed cumbrous, slow and uncertain in its
operations. By supporters of the Government
which passed the Bill it has been denounced as
crude, hasty, and badly drawn. But any measure
that is intended to extend the system of allot-
ment gardens is one that must have some
elements of good in its provisions.

Royal Horticultural Society.— In con-
nection with the meetings of the Floral and Fruit
Committees on Tuesday next, the 25th inst., at South
Kensington, an extensive display of vegetables is
expected, special prizes being offered for competition
by the following firms : — Messrs. James Carter &
Co., for collection of vegetables; Mr. H. Deverill,
for Onions, Celery, and Brussels Sprouts ; Mr. C.
Fidler, for Potatos ; Messrs. Sutton & Sons, for
Onions, Potatos, Celery, Beet, Carrots, Leeks, and
Parsnips ; Messrs. Webb & Sons, for Potatos ;
Messrs. W. Wood & Son, for Potatos.

"Chambre Syndicale" of Belgium.— At a

meeting held on the 10th inst., the following awards
were made : —

First-class Certificates. — To Messrs. Vervaet & Co.,
for Cattleya gigas var. ; to Mr. Jules Hye-Leysen, for
Cypripedium Argus ; to Messrs. Fr. Desbois & Co.,
for Adiantum schizophylhim ; to Mr. Ed. Pynaert,
for Cattloya species ; and to Mr. De Smet-Duvivier,
for Cattleya speciosissima.

Cultural Certificate. — To Mr. Jules Hye-Leysen,
for Cypripedium Ashburtoniae.

Commendation for Novelty. — To Mr. Aug. Van
Geert, for Polypodium frutescens.

Cultural CoMincudations. — To Mr. Ed. Pynaert,
for Epiphyllum Marianum superbum ; to Messrs.
Vervaet & Co., for Cattleya gigas and for Odonto-
glossum grande ; to Mr. Ad. D'Haene, for Sonerila
Henderson!.

The Chrysanthemum Shows.— The following

is a list of Chrysanthemum Shows to be held during
November, of which we have received any informa-
tion. On the 1st, Southampton (two days) ; on the
3rd, Ilorndean, Henfield, and Havant (each two
daj's) ; on the 4th, Leicester, Crystal Palace, Brad-
ford and District (each two days) ; and Devon and
Exeter (one day) ; on the 8th, Royal Horticultural
Society (one day) ; and Brighton, Ilighgate, South-
end-on-Sea, and Jiingston and Surbiton (each two
days) ; on the 9th, National Chrysanthemum, Ascot,
Bath, Cornwall Polytechnic, Southgate, Bromley
District (each two days) ; and Croydon (one day) ;
on the 10th, Ipswich, Weald of Kent, Portsmouth
(each two days) ; Dawlish, and Walton-on-Thames
(one day each) ; on the 11th, Hitchin (one day) ;
Wellingborongh, Canterbury, Street, Lewisham, and
Huddersfield (two days each) ; on the 12th, Leicester
and Leicestershire (continued on 14th) ; when also
Sheffield and Hallamshire opens (two days) ; on the
15th, Devizes, Putney (one day shows) ; and Win-
chester, Southgate, Lincoln, and Watford (two days) ;
on the IGth, Ealing, Chelmsford (one day) ; Bir-
mingham, Dartford, and Hull (two days) ; and York
(three days); on the 17th, Chiswick, Taunton (one
day); Bury St. Edmunds and Hull (two days) ; on
the 18th, Reading (one day); Chorley and Suffolk
(two days) ; on the 19th, Kamsbottom (one day) ;

OcTonrn 22. 1SS7.]

THE GAJ?DENEI?S' CnBONICLK

499

,^'1'"^!' fJiV^"^

Fia. 101. — CHINUM MOOHEI. (aBB p. 500.)

500

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBBE 22, 1887.

I

( n the 22iicl, Liverpool (two days) ; on the 23rcl,
Bristol (two days); and National Chrysanthemum
Floral Committee ; on the 25th, Pontefract and
District (two days) ; on the 29th, Leeds and Edin-
burgh (two days each).

Dr. Robert Caspary. — Profes.sor Dr. E.

Caspary, Director of the Botanical Garden, Konigs-
burg, died on September 18, in consequence of a fall
down stairs at Illowo, West Prussia, whilst on a
journey undertaken for scientific purposes. He was
in the seventieth year of his age. The deceased had
earned a well-deserved reputation by his investiga-
tions of the flora of East and West Prussia, for his
knowledge of and hybridisation of the Nymphajaceje,
for his acquaintance with remarkable trees, and other
work of a similar kind.

Consumption of Fruit in Wurtemburg.—

In a report on the agriculture and trade of Wurtem-
burg for 188G it is stated that the frosts of the month
of May, and the enormous depredations of insects,
combined to make the crop of little — or only sporadic
— value. Cider, which is becoming the customary
drink of the people, attracted an immense importa-
tion of fruit from abroad. The railways were inun-
dated with these supplies, and the stations were
transformed into fruit markets. The quantity of
Apples and Pears thus imported is estimated at
1,692,000 centners, and exceeds the average produc-
tion of the country by nearly 600,000 centners. The
Grape harvest was unsatisfactory both in quantity
and quality. Tiie condition of the Vines at the be-
ginning of the year gave great hopes of a rich
harvest, but successive frosts and rains, coupled with
the appearance of a disease hitherto unknown, the
" false mildew," deteriorated the value of the crop.

Azalea indica Flowers.— A box of Azalea

blooms has reached us from Germany through
Messrs F. Sander & Co. They were grown by Mr.
C. E. Haupt, of Brieg, near Breslau, who informs us
that he has Azaleas in bloom the whole year round
with the exception of June and July. The flowers
sent show a high state of cultivation, being excep-
tionally fine, and the petals of great substance. The
journey from Bieslau hence, is a long and tedious
one, and the condition of the flowers bear witness
to their being well packed ; but of course this is also
due in a great measure to the great substance in the
flowers themselves, which include single and semi-
double forms of white, cerise, and carmine, and white
striped with rose. We have seen nothing to equal
them.

A Fruit-tree Catalogue. — The firm of

Messrs. Dicksoss & Co., Edinburgh, have issued a
catalogue of hardy fruits, in which are designated the
names of those varieties found suitable by them for
the cool climate of Scotland. The descriptive
matter is of a trustworthy kind, and is concisely given.
The list will be found of much service by all intend-
ing planters in that part of the kingdom.

Japanese Silkworms.— In some notes on

Japanese silk manufactures contained in a Consular
report from Hyogo it is stated that " the silk
obtained from the Oak and Camphor tree feeding
'yamamai ' is used for producing the lighter shade of
colour in certain common sorts of brocaded silks,
the rest, or ground of the fabric, being made from
the silk of tlie ordinary Mulberry-feeding worm ; and
within the last four or five years an enterprising silk
manufacturer has engaged in the making of carpets
and rugs, the warp and weft of which are made of
cotton and the pile from a wild silkworm which feeds
on the leaves of the Chestnut tree. This worm is
found in Shikoku, Tamba, and probably wherever
the Chestnut grows in Japan."

Autumn Foliage.— In some of the bouquet shops
of Covent Garden Market, we have lately observed
the dying foliage of various hardy plants put to good
use in some of the choicest of bouquets. A large one,
mainly composed of Chrysanthemum Elaine and

Allamanda nobilis, presented pretty contrasts from
the use of the leaves of Ampelopsis Veitchii, now
turning a rich brown, claret, and gold. In another
bouquet made upwith Jardindes Plantes Chrysanthe-
mum, the richly coloured foliage of the Claret Vine,
Prunus pyrifolia,and Rhus cotinus, was employed with
excellent effect. Chrysanthemums and autumn foliage
make the most appropriate of autumn bouquets.

Scottish Arboricultural Society.— Mr.

W. J. Moffat, Secretary of this Society, has received
the following letter from the Home Secretary : —

" Whitehall, October 10, 1887.
" Sir, — I am directed by the Secretary of State to
acquaint you, with reference to your letter of the
I2th ultimo, that he has had the honour to submit
to the Queen your request on behalf of the Council
of the Scottish Arboricultural Society, that the
Society may be permitted to assume the title
' Koyal,' and that Her Majesty has been graciously
pleased to accede to your request, and to command
that your Society shall be styled the ' Koyal
Scottish Arboricultural Society.' — I am. Sir, your
obedient servant, " E. Leigh Pemberton."

Electric Light and Plants.— We read

that the electric lighting of the Winter Palace at
St. Petersburg has been accompanied by some unex-
pected and disagreeable results, the many beautiful
ornamental plants which are used for the decoration
of the banqueting halls having been found to suffer
greatly from the effect of the new system of lighting.
It appears, according to the Electrician, that the
complete illumination of the room for a single night
is enough to cause the leaves to turn yellow, dry up,
and ultimately to fall off. Tlie celebrated collection
of Palms at the palace have more especially suffered
serious damage. The sudden change from the sun-
less days of the Nortliern winter, and from the sub-
dued light of the plant-houses, to the blinding light
of the banqueting halls, is supposed to be the chief
cause of the above. It has been shown beyond a
doubt that the rapidity of the injurious action and
its amount are in direct proportion to the intensity
of the illumination, and plants standing partially
shaded from the light, or in niches or other places, are
found to remain uninjured. The artificially heated
atmosphere of the rooms tends, without doubt, to
greatly intensify the injurious efl^ects of the light,
and if the plants could only be surrounded by a
steamy atmosphere, such as that in wliich they are
grown, the effect would be minimised, if not entirely
obviated.

The Finsbury Park Chrysanthemums. —

We are informed by Mr. Cochrane that the usual
display of Chryanthemums held in this park will be
open to the public from the 22nd inst.

New Guinea Flora.— Baron Sir Ferd. ton

Mueller describes in the Journal of the Linnean
Surirty of New South Wales a new Mussaenda,
M. Bevani, from the Aird River, which is likely to
prove a valuable decorative plant. Fi-om the same
region, also, comes a new Begonia, B. Sharpeana,
described as a handsome plant, with rosy flowers,
and with a pair of broad petaloid bracteoles under
the flowers — an unusual occurrence in the genus as a
whole, but common enough in the cultivated forms
of Andean extraction. Baron voN Mueller places
this new species in the section Knesebeckia, near B.
scutata.

Opium in China,— The Enr/lis!i Mechanic states
that in the course of a journey through Manchuria,
Mr. H. E. M. James, of the Bombay Civil Service,
noticed that the Opium Poppy grows luxuriantly in the
north of China, and that tlie native grown Opium had
there almost completely ousted the Indian drug. The
imports of the latter into Manchuria amounted to
i;.'>72,000 in the year 1866, but in 1885 to only
£.31,o00. Opium is grown not only for local con-
sumption, but for distribution in parts of Northern
and Central China. The taste for Indi.an Opium is
disappearing in favour of the home article, and now
that the Che-foo Convention has come into force,

and has, in fact, though perhaps not in name, im-
posed an additional duty on the Indian article, it is
almost safe to prophesy tliat in a short time the
Indian trade will be seriously affected, and the use
of the Indian drug will be confined to a few wealthy
qouriiiets. Mr. James further remarks that he can
only remember meeting two persons who had ruined
themselves in health by smoking Opium, and that
some experienced foreigners whom he met were of
opinion that, taken in moderation on a full stomach,
it is no worse than Tobacco.

Leeds Chrysanthemum Show.— An exten-
sive show of the Clirysanthemum is announced to
be held in Leeds Town Hall on November 29 and
30, at which prizes both numerous in the plant and
cut flower classes, and of considerable amount indi-
vidually, will be awarded.

The Horticultural Club. — The first

monthly dinner of the Club for the present season
took place on Tuesday evening, October 11. There
was a good attendance of members. Mr. John Lee
was in the chair. Amongst those present were
Messrs. Rivers, Balderson, Crowley, H. J. Pearson,
A. H. Pearson, Strange, Cousens, and Dreury. la
the evening Mr. G. Bunyard read a paper on October
Pears, to which we may refer at a future time.

Gishurstine. — We have received samples of
this, and know of no better article for gardeners and
others to use during the coming winter than this-
compound, manufactured at Price's Candle Factory.
It is a sure preventive of wet boots, and, moreover,
makes the leather soft and pliable.

CEINUM MO OREL

The plant which forms the central object in
fig. 101, p. 499, is a specimen of this Natal species,
grown in Sir Charles Strickland's gardens at Hil-
denley, Malton. The background is composed of a
large number of flow e ing plants of Cattleya citrina,
which were suspended at various heights on the glass
partition of an Orchid-house, and which our artist
has rendered in outline only, they being of but
secondary importance. C. Moorei is a species found
in considerable quantity in Natal, and it therefore^
amenable to greenhouse treatment, flowering usually
in spring and autumn. The flowers are produced in
an umbel, and number from six to ten ; the perianth
tube is greenish, 3 to 4 inches in length ; the limb is
funnel-shaped, as long as the perianth ; the segments
oblong-acute, faintly suflfused with red ; and the
peduncle about 2 feet in height. The leaves number
from twelve to fifteen, are spreading, lorate, 2.} to 3
feet in length, and have a breadth of about 3 inches.
The bulb is ovoid. This species flowers annually
when the bulbs have become strong enough.

Crinums, when grown in pots, require rather large
pots, and ample drainage. Turfy loam, fibry peat,
coarsely broken, charcoal, with but little sand, form,
a good compost for them, which should be rendered
tolerably firm at potting. It is not advisable to
rcDot Crinums annually, but when it is found neces-
sary to repot, the operation should be performed as
soon as growth recommences in the spring. When
repotting is omitted a top-dressing should be afforded
the plants. After potting or starting the plants,
according to the species, they should be placed either
in a stove or intermediate-house, where a somewhat
close temperature is maintained. After flowering,
water should be withheld, to induce rest, and the
plants fully exposed to the sun.

The subject of our engraving, together with several
others, will flower well when planted deeply, so as
not to be injured by frost, in warm, well-drained,
and otherwise suitably prepared borders. The plant-
ing may take place in May and June, and in Southern
England in April, so as to allow of a long growing
season.

When Crinums are not lifted in the autumn, and
stored, the neck of the bulbs must be bound round
with dry moss, straw-bands, &c., and when the
foliage is decayed the whole may be covered with
the hard leaves of Beech or Oak, to further exclude
frost.

October 22, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

501

THE PROBLEM OF THE HOP-
PLANT LOUSE FULLY SOLVED.

Will you permit me to announce through your
columns a discovery of no small importance to the
Hop growers of England and of the world ? It is
.known in America that 1 have for some time been
making investigations on the habits of the Hop-plant
louse (Phorodon humuli, Schrank), especially with
a view of solving the mystery attaching to its winter
existence. A resiniw of the results up to the middle
of last August was made public at the late meetings of
the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, and also of the British Associaton, and has
already appeared in abstract in your columns,
September 17 last, p. 333. That abstract gave
the ascertained facts and predictions up to the
time I left America (August 17), and while one
of my most trusted observers has been following
the closing phases of the annual life-cycle
of the species there, I have been doing the same
here in Surrey and Kent, and particularly on Mr.
Charles Whitehead's place near Maidstone, where
^U the conditions were favourable. Although I have
not yet received the final results from America, I feel
quite convinced that they will prove similar to
those obtained here, which may be summed up
(omitting much interesting detail) as follows: —

During the Hop harvest (this year in Kent at its
height the last week of September), and some time
prior thereto, the insects are fast getting wings.
This is the only winged generation produced on the
Hop, and all individuals, irrespective of brood, show
the tendency to become winged, so thoroughly is
aphid life, like plant life, influenced by temperature
and season. The first to get wings are agamic
females, and they instinctively leave the Hop-yards
and settle upon different varieties and species of
Prunus and begin at once to breed aud bring forth
young. Their flight is much influenced by meteorolo-
gical conditions, but they swarm in the air during mild
and pleasant days. On my very first visit to Maid-
stone several settled on my person while I was being
driven from the station, and where wind and tem-
perature were favourable I have known them to
literally cover certain sheltered Damson trees close
to a Hop-yard, in a single day, where but few could
be detected the previous day. They array themselves
on the underside of the leaves, heads generally all in
one direction, and in a very few days they are
intersprinkled with their pale and wingless
young, though each produces but four to five before
dying. These wingless individuals are the only
generation produced in autumn on Prunus, and are
the true sexual females. White at first, they become
yellowish-orange and olivaceous with maturity, the
head and the members darkening. The last to
acquire wings in the Hop-yards are males, and they
settle upon the Plum leaves (this year most numer-
ously October 5), and fecundate the females, which
thereafter lay a few eggs (not more than four or five)
around the latent buds, and in any crack or sheltered
part of the twigs, especially of the previous year's
gro'wth. The eggs, at first yellowish-green, soon
get darker, and finally black, and become, in time,
more or less covered with dust particles, mould, the
€xuvioe of mites, &c., which adhere by means of the
sticky " honeydew " everywhere produced by aphides.
The winged males are easily distinguished from
the winged females by their smaller size and greater
unrest, and when they are most abundant the former
have disappeared. At the present writing the males
are fast dying, and drying up, but the impregnated
females still survive, though there have been snow
and several white frosts. Some of the later born
will doubtless live on till the leaves have fallen;
but all will perish with the first severe frost, and the
species will be perpetuated through the winter egg,
as already set forth. The first eggs were observed on
the 8th of this month. My observations sliow that
the winged emigrants from the Hop, while preferring
the Damson, feed and breed on all other varieties
of Prunus, which I have had an opportunity of
examining, and which include the BuUace (a yellow

Plum), the Victoria (large red), the Black Diamond
(large black), the Yellow Gage, the Green Gage, and
the Orleans. Trees examined in counties where no
Hops are grown reveal only the Plum aphis (Aphis
pruni). This species, which remains on the Plums
the whole year, also occurs in late autumn in
the agamic winged female, the winged male, and the
wingless sexual female forms; and though often
mixed with the Hop Phorodon, is easily recognised
by the want of cornicles, and by the greener colour,
darker members, and black eyes of the true female,
which oviposits in similar situations as the Phorodon,
and whose eggs are scarcely distinguishable from those
of that species.

The absence of Phorodon multiplication on the
Hop, and the manner in which stray plants in field
or hedgerow are forsaken, while what I have de-
scribed is going on upon Plum, is as marked as the
freedom of Plum in early summer after the winged
migration therefrom to the Hop.

The observations here recorded have shown (as
such minute observations always do) the unreliability
of inexpert testimony. As in America this has been
a year of exceptional freedom from Hop-lice in
England, and when I first visited the Hop-yards at
the commencement of the gathering, I was told very
generally by labourers and owners that no lice had
been noticed lately, whether on the Hop or on the
Damson, and that I should find none. Yet, though
the leaves of the Hop were remarkably free, I had
no difficulty in finding the lice in the burrs, or crawl-
ing in all conditions through the loose texture of
the sacks being filled by the pickeri?, while the first
deposited on Plums were detected on the very first
tree examined.

In conclusion, I have been struck with the great
similarity in the general aspect of things both on
the Hop and the Plum liere and in America. Every-
where parasites and predacious enemies of the lice
belonging to the same or similar genera, and in some
instances the same species, and everywhere the
omnipresent red-spider (Tetranychustelarius), and its
equally omnipresent circular red eggs at this season !
And while the lower average summer temperature
will cause fewer generations of the Phorodon to be
produced in England (probably only six or seven)
than in America (where thirteen have been traced
this year), and the beginning and ending of the
insect's activity will be more abrupt there than here,
yet in all essential points the life-history of the
species in the two countries is the same. C. V. Riley,
Tunhridge Wells.

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE AMARYLLIS.

The remarks on this genus of plants last week are
very appropriate at the present time. I always try
to impress upon cultivators of any class of plants
that the resting period is quite as important in some
respects as the season of growth. It is particularly
so in the case of the Amaryllis. A long resting
period is necessary to produce the wonderful ex-
amples seen in some gardens and at exhibitions
during the last few years. Through the whole period
of rest a process of development is going on inside
the bulbs, and when they have started into growth,
about the end of January, flower-scapes and leaves
are produced with marvellous rapidity. The remarks
at p. 466, on withholding water from the plants in
Messrs. Veitch's nursery, may mislead cultivators
unacquainted with the conditions under which they
are 'growing. It answers very well to discontinue
watering in Messrs. Veitch's nursery early in August,
because the plants (although all growing in pots)
are plunged over the rims in a moist tan bed, and
each one of them has by that time formed a mass
of roots in the moist tan, and it takes many weeks
to dry up the tan bed. It would never do to with-
hold water from plants growing in pots at that time
if they had formed no roots outside of them. I can-
not agree with the remark that the growth of the
bulb is completed for the season so early as the first

week in August. Messrs. Veitch's bulbs, like other
people's, continue to grow a month or six weeks
after that time, and although they are not watered,
the roots may be found growing freely amongst the
moist and warm tan. I find that those bulbs that
have plenty of live roots at potting time, in January,
succeed best the following season. While on this
subject I would like to make some remarks on our
young plants raised from seeds saved this year. The
leaves are yet of a rich dark green colour, and they
will remain in that condition all through the winter.
We do not entirely leave off watering tliem even in
midwinter, aud they are shaken out of their pots in
January, and repotted in such sizes, that they will
continue to grow in them until the end of the sea-
son. We well dusted the crowns of the bulbs with
tobacco-powder, to destroy any thrips or other insect
pests that might be sheltered in them ready to
attack the leaves and scapes as soon as they are
formed in the spring.

The Tulip.
The late-flowering varieties of the Tulip are still
very much at a discount, but many persons are
taking to the culture of them who a few years ago
scarcely knew of their existence. The early-flower-
ing varieties are grown in almost every garden in
the country, and it ought to be well known that the
late-flowering section is quite as easily grown as the
others. What they require, to bring the bloom np
to a high state of excellence, is planting in a rich
deep soil. The ground ought to be prepared, if pos-
sible, during fine weather in autumn, to be ready for
planting out the bulbs during the first fine days in
November. The best time to plant them out is
when the rootstock shows by its swelling that the
roots are pushing forth. A little river-sand ought to
be placed under and over the bulbs at the time of
planting. If decayed turfy loam can be obtained,
about 3 inches of this material ought to be laid on
the surface of the bed. The old custom of protect-
ing the beds by placing iron hoops over them is still
adhered to in the North. Mats, or some such ma-
terial, are thrown over the hoops, to shelter the beds
from wet and frost ; but I never take any trouble of
this kind with them, and we always have a strong
and good bloom. J. Douglas.

Nursery Notes,

ORCHIDS IN FLOWER AT MR. B. S.
WILLIAMS'.

Thb Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper
HoUoway, are justly celebrated for the possession of a
fine healthy stock of rare and showy standard species
of Orchids, and the large-flowered Laslias are among
the most prominent and best cultivated there ; but it
is rare to meet with such a grand specimen of Lajlia
Turneri as that which now forms a noble centre to
one of the groups of Orchids in flower there. The
plant, which is of extr.aordinary vigour, is a superb
variety, and bears on several flower-spikes .about two
dozen flowers with rose sepals and petals and
large showy labellum of the most intense car-
mine-crimson. In the form and colour of
the flowers it far exceeds the excellent va-
riety figured in Warner's Sdecf Orchidaceous Plants.
In the same group are good examples of L.
elegans, L. e. Schilleriana, L. e. alba; and Lselia
euspatha, L. elegans Wolstenholmiai, and L. Turneri
prasiata are just over. Also in the same effective
group are good examples in bloom of Loelia prajstans,
L. pumila, L. Perrinii, some grand Cattleya gigas
and C. bicolor, C. Schilleriana, C. Harrisoni^, C,
maxima, Cymbidium Mastersianum, some pretty
pieces of Sophronitis grandiflora, Odontoglossum
Krameri, Oncidium Papilio majus, MaxiUaria grandi-
flora, Paphinia cristata grandis, and various Cata-
setums, Miltonias, and Pleiones. Another house
presents a really fine display, in which the prime
old favourite Odontoglossum grande plays a
leading part, mingled with Lycastes, Cattleyas,
among which the true C. Eldorado virginalis, a fine

502

THE GJBDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[October 22, 1887.

nvhite, is very conspicuous. Among the dwarfer
species the fine golden sprays of Oncidium varico-
■suin and O. ti.grinum gracefully droop over ; and
suspended overhead are a large number of Oncidium
sarcodes, and some well-flowered specimens of
■Coelogyne Massangeana, which, although not bril-
liant in colour itself, forms a pleasing contrast, with
its long pendant racemes of flowers, in any group of
■Orchids.

The fine collection of Vandas have now, as
usual, some in bloom ; the Phala?nopsis have in
flower several varieties of P. rosea, P. violacea, P.
Lowii, and P. Luddemanniana ; while the Dendrobes
are represented by some fine D. Goldiei, D. super-
biens, D. bigibbum, and D. Dearei. Mr. Williams
also pays much attention to the Cypripedium, both
species and hybrids, and it is a pleasant feature
connected with them to note what an important
show they make, even when other flowers are
scarce — as, for example, at the present time, in
bloom are Cypripedium SchroderiB X, C. conchi-
ferum X, C. Morgania; X, C. cenantlium superbumx,
C. Sedeni X, C. S. candidulum X, C. caUirum X, C.
calophyllum X, C. politum X, C. stenophyllum X,
C. selligerum majus X , C. Harrisianum X , C. Crossi-
anum X, C. Swanianum X, D. Ashburtonia; X. C.
barbatum biflorum, C. purpuratum, C. insigne vars.,
some finely flowered specimens of C. superbiens, 0.
Dayanum, many C. Spicerianum, C. Lawrenceanuni,
C. Pearcei, C. concolor, and others, making alto-
gether quite a Cypripedium show.

In the cool-house are a few spikes of Odontoglos-
sum Alexandroe and O. Pescatorei ; Anguloa Ruckerii,
Mesospinidium vulcanicum, Odontoglossum Wallisii
purum, and some of the lesser Masdevallias.

For the rest of the nursery, it may be said that the
■fine general stock is as good as nsual, the white and
red Lapagerias very efl['ective in their house, the fine
autumn-flowering Amaryllis Mrs. Garfield, in bloom
with the Amaryllis of the reticulata hybrid section,
■so useful in winter ; the Ixoras making a fair show
in the stoves ; the Nepenthes and fAnthuriums verv
handsome and interesting ; and among the extensive
■collection of Ferns the several varieties of Gleiche-
nias — which are here better grown, perhaps, than any-
where else round London— seem to demonstrate the
fact that they are not diflicult to grow if properlv
managed, and not subjected to too much heat.

A NEW YELLOW CUCUMBER.

A CocDMBEE of the above colour externally, and
•with well-fl.avoured white flesh (see fig. 102), has
teen raised by Mr. Paul Neidhardt, Erfurt. It is
slender, about 18 inches in length when full grown,
and the plant has the character of being an abundant
bearer. It has been named Jewel, from its many
^meritorious qualities.

Scotland.

EXPERIMENTS IN HARDY FRUIT
CULTURE.
The Liberton Mains Farm, Midlothian, is becom-
■ing an interesting one to the horticulturist and
forester as well as to the agriculturist. For some
years past a series of experiments have been con-
ducted there with the view of testing on a large
scale the merits of diff'erent varieties of Apples,
Pears, and other hardy fruits, The p.^rticular objects
sought to be secured are the comparing and proving
the identity of varieties, the correcting of their
names, and the assessing of their value relatively as
regards their quality and profitableness in the climate
of this part of .Scotland. The farm is situate about
two miles south of Edinburgh on the highway to
Carlisle. It comprises an area of about 400 acres of
good sandy loam on a gravelly subsoil ; the elevation
of the farm is 320 feet above sea-level, and the
aspect north-east. The aspect, unfortunately
exposes the greater portion of the land to the bane-

ful influence of the winds and storms from the Ger-
man Ocean during winter and spring, wliich renders
the climate of Edinburgh such a trying one for the
fruit grower. This circumstance, however, if not the
most favourable to obtaining the best results in fruit
culture, is obviously well calculated to test severely
the fitness of any variety of hardy fruit for profitable
culture in any other part of Scotland. The farm is
a branch establishment of Messrs. Dicksons & Co.,
I, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, and is managed by
Mr. Wm. Welsh, a partner of that firm, well known
for the warm interest he takes in the question of
profitable fruit culture in Scotland. Besides the
fruit experiments, farm crops are largely grown for
the purposes of seed saving and testing. And forest
trees, seedling and transplanted, of all kinds, but
jjarticularly Larch and Scotch Pine, make a striking
feature — sti^iking, because of their robust health and
compact bushy form. There being always plenty of
land cleared in early autumn by the removal of the
agricultural crops, the planting of forest trees, espe-
cially the Conifers, is done at that season rather
than in spring, as is the usual practice in most
nurseries — a system that evidently conduces to the
advantage of both the nurseryman and his customers.
But our notes bear more on the fruit growing expe-
riments than on any other part of the work carried
on in the nursery.

The experimental orchards are two in number —
one established eight years, the other planted last
spring. The latter is destined eventually to super-
sede the former as an experimental venture, and we
shall therefore describe it first. Having been planted
so recently we can say little regarding results, except
that notwithstanding the planting was only done in
April last, and the summer proved one of the driest
on record in these parts, the trees are flourishing and
not a single blank was to be seen at the time of ray
visit — the end of September. The trees are all trained
in one form or another, but chiefly as single and double
cordons. About an acre of ground is enclosed in
the form of a parallelogram by an espalier fence
formed of stout wire strained to posts and equi-
distant standards, to which upright splints of
Bamboo are fastened top and bottom, making a very
cheap, neat, and durable structure, admirably adapted
to the purpose. The Bamboo splints are placed at
convenient distances apart, and to these the trees are
trained. A broad walk passes through the centre of
the enclosure from north to south, and ranging from
this walk at right angles, and at (i feet asunder, are
parallel lines of espaliers of the same construction
as the one which forms the outer boundary of the
enclosure. Against these are planted the trees at
the distance of 18 inches apart for the single cor-
dons. Double cordons and other forms of training
are chiefly accommodated on the outer fence.
Accommodation is provided for upwards of 1200
varieties of Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries,
which are the principal classes of fruits the experi-
ments are intended to embrace. At present about
GOO are planted ; but the entire space is filled up in
alphabetical order, and by consecutive numbers, so
as to prevent the possibility of confusion, or loss of
names. The intention is to add to the collection
all new sorts in each case as they appear, and
also older sorts that may from time to time
be met with in different localities under local or
other names with the view of testing their identity
and worth. Spaces for these are left between each
variety in its alphabetical order, and each space is
presently occupied by trees of the most popular
varieties in each category.

So much for the arrangements, and it may here be
stated in addition that whenever the nature of the
stock best adapted to any particular variety or style
of training is in question, steps have been taken, by
]ilanting trees on every variety of stock in use, to
Ijrove the value of each in regard to the soil and
climate of the locality. Many trees of Lord Suffield,
Cellini, Ecklinville, Worcester Pearmain, Stirling
Castle, Duchess of Oldenburg, Warner's King, and
New Hawthornden were fruiting freely, and the fruit
was very fine notwithstanding the late planting and

the extreme dryness of the past season. These sorts
being planted largely as supernumeraries in the
spaces left for the prospective addenda to the collec-
tion gave a thrifty appearance to the orchard. The
fruits of Duchess of Oldenburg were very attractive,
and no less so were those of Worcester Pearmain,
both of which on these cordon trees were so freely
exposed to light that they would compare favourably
with southern samples of the same kinds. They were
remarkable also for size and weight as Scotch-gi'own
fruit.

The Older t)nCHAKD.
In this part the usual features of an orchard of
hardy fruit trees were conspicuous. The trees were
dwarf standards, pyramids, and bushes. The sorts
were composed chiefly of Apples, a few Pears, Plums,
and Cherries. My visit was too late to enable notes
to be made of the quality and productiveness of the
earlier varieties, but there was plenty to observe
among the later ones. Among Pears, the most
notable for abundance of crop was the Hessel. Trees
of this on both the Quince and the Pear stock were
quite loaded with fruit, the former stock bearing the
palm for quantity, but the latter surpassing it in
size and quality. The extremely dry season had
imparted a rough, russety appearance to the produce
of trees worked on the Quince, which would make
them less presentable in market than that from trees
on the Pear stock, which were, in contradistinction,
plump, smooth, and with shining rind. Amongst
Plums, Victoria stood pre-eminent for fertility, the
trees being laden to the point of breaking down,
Goliath, or Caledonian, is another suited to the
locality as a standard ; White Magnum Bonum
bore a fair crop, and the fruit was good, but
much inferior to that grown on wall trees or
from the South in point of size and quality. Of
Damsons, our notes record only two in fruit —
the Cluster and Sandell's, the latter a large-fruited
variety, showing a moderate crop, contrasting rather
unfavourably with the former as a fiUbasket. Morello
Cherries were very fine ; the trees are dwarf standards,
in capital health, every twig and spur being laden
with fine fruit.

Apples, however, were the chief feature of this
orchard. Of these there were hundreds of trees of
leading sorts in Scotland bearing immense crops of
fine fruit. Among kitchen varieties the Duchess of
Oldenburg takes a leading place as a market fruit —
the rich colour and fine form of the fruit making it
a favourite with most buyers. Lord Suffield sur-
passes every other in regard to size, plentiful crop-
ping qualities, and its attractive appearance. Lord
Grosvenor, which has been named as a substitute for
Lord Suffield, and said to resemble it closely, except
in its tendency to canker, is not found here to be all
it is represented to be. It is admitted to be a
a healthier tree, not liable to canker, but its more
angular and rougher-looking fruit will not supplant
that of Lord Suttield in the market while that sort
may be procured.

Pyramids of Cellini were showing excellent crops
of very good fruit. On the same form of tree
Stirling Castle proves itself to be one of the very
best in its season, and the crops prodigious. Small's
Admirable is another most valuable market variety,
the fruit being large .and of good shape, and the
growth of the tree healthy. As pyramid or bush
trees, Loddington Seedling, though not so prolific as
some of the foregoing, is, on account of its large fruit,
handsome form, and general good qualities, a de-
sirable Apple to grow. St. George, an improved
form of Mank's Codlin, makes a profitable tree as a
standard or in any other form. The Professor, a
variety sent out by Messrs. Dicksons & Co., and raised
by Mr. Maughan, school-master. King's Barn, is an
enormous bearer, the fruit of good size, and excellent
quality, available for either culinary or dessert uses.
Warner's King, on bushes and pyramids, was of
great size and in considerable quantity. The same
may be said of Dumelow's Seedling except that
standard trees appear to best suit its habit of growth.
Northern Greening does invariably well, and this
season it has excellent crops of handsome fruit.

October 22, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

503

Dessert varieties in fruit at the time of our visit
were cliiefly Oslin Pippin, of which there were some
fine samples; Irish Peach, Cox's Orange Pippin,
Worcester Pearmains, remarkably fine ; Kerry
Pippin, small but pretty ; King of the Pippins, bear-
ing abundantly ; Ribston Pippin, in very healthy
condition, testifying to the suitability of the soil ;
Scarlet Nonpareil and Sturmer Pippin, were, as bnsli
or pyramid trees, doing well.

Some twenty varieties of Raspberries are grown,
including Carter's Prolific, Northumberland Fill-
basket, &c. They have been compared very thoroughly,
and the second named is found in all respects to be
the best for this district, while the first named
variety stands the next best in estimation. Baum-
forth's Seedling, of which high expectations were
formed, is not found to be suitable here, it being a
poor grower and deficient as a cropper.

A considerable breadth of Strawberries are grown.
The two most favoured varieties are Garibaldi and
Market Favourite, The former, up till two or three
years ago, was most relied upon, but the latter has
been growing in favour, so much so that Mr. Welsh
has this autumn planted out 20,000 plants for fruit-
ing and is diminishing his stock of Garibaldi.
The characteiistics of the variety are vigour of
constitution, enabling it to resist drought well ;
an enormous cropper ; the fruit is solid, somewhat
flattened at the apex, and excellent in colour and
flavour. Planted in autumn it invariably bears well
the first season. Its great drought-resisting powers
were well illustrated during the late extremely dry
season ; growing side by side with Garibaldi and
other sorts, it does not show a single blank, while
the others, all of the same age, have perished to such
an extent as to render their cultivation another
season on the same ground profitless.

Another feature of Apples, Pears, and Plums
growing here is to be found in lines of young stand-
ards planted partly with the object of aff*ording some
shelter from the wind, and also to produce trees
inured to the utmost exposure that can be obtained
in the district. They are planted in line rather
thickly, and are composed chiefly of the varieties
Lord Suffield, Hawthornden, Keswick Codliu, Cellini,
and other well known hardy and prolific Apples,
Hessel Pear, and Victoria Plum, were in the main
fruiting freely.

A considerable number of seedling Apples, raised
here by systematic crossing, are being grown on, from
which some hopes of improvement in directions
desirable to the conditions of the Scottish climate
are hoped for. W. S.

Home Correspondence.

WHITE LAPAGERIA TURNING TO A RED ONE,—
Can you in any way account for, or has there ever
comeunderyour notice, a white Lapageria turning into
a red one ? I planted a white Lapageria about four
years ago, and the second year it bloomed some very
■tine and pure white flowers ; the third year we did
not see any white flowers, and concluded that, from
some cause or other, it did not bloom, although it
had previously made some very fine shoots ; this
year — the fourth — to our great disappointment, there
Jire still no white flowers to be seen, although it has
made very vigorous growth ; and on examining it
carefully last week we found, to our great surprise,
that it was throwing red blooms, and fine ones, too,
but it having been trained in with a red one
{planted some distance from it) accounts for our not
noticing it before. Could you kindly help me and
my employer in this matter? Lapageria.

DINNER-TABLE DECORATIONS.— As the intro-
duction to my small Iroclmre on dinner-table deco-
ration furnishes the best possible answer to the
adverse criticisms of your reviewer, may I beg the
favour of its publication in your columns? I do
this the more hopefully as your reviewer did not
JiUow the work to speak for itself neither by wood-

cut nor a single sentence of letterpress. William Low,
Etiston Gardens.

" Introduction. — The following pages do not pre-
tend to cover, far less exhaust, this fashionable and
fascinating sphere of decorative art ; they rather
assume to be a finger-post to point out, by a few
examples, how satisfactory results may be reached.
Each of those described and illustrated has been
tested and approved by actual use on the table here ;
they may, therefore, be safely followed by those of
limited experience, and may possibly prove sugges-
tive of improvements to those already well versed
in the various modes of table decoration. It will
be seen from the lists aud names appended to these
decorations that most of them are more or less
autumnal in the sense that the material is not easily
attainable at other seasons ; still, other material of
similar shades, or even of more chaste and delicate
colours, may be had at otiier sea.sons. As a rule,
there is little to fear of any scarcity of material.
The chief point in table decoration is the using of
it to the best purpose, and the avoidance of the
faintest suspicion of excess. In these examples the
attempt has been made, the public must judge Iiow
fiir it is successful in reaching the happy mean of
neither too much nor too little decoration on the
dining-table."

CUCUMBEK. JEWEL. (SEE 1

A NOVEL MODE OF PROTECTING PLANTS.— We

are now trying at Wisley a new shelter for plants
which promises so well that I think it is worth pub-
lishing. Last winter we protected some plants, among
them an Agapanthus umbellatus, with coops having
Bracken interlaced. This answered, but after a time
the Bracken did not keep in its place. We now cover
the Osier coop with green scrim, sold by the Wil-
lesden Paper Company, at Is. a yard. It is 54 inches
wide, therefore not dear. This makes a light nearly
waterproof covering, which lets sufficient air through,
and the coops when out of use take little room if
stacked one over the other. I believe this will prove
a really useful easily movable protector, and it has
the advantage of being less unsightly than most
shelters are. George F. Wilson.

CLEANING TOMATO SEED. — The method of
performing this needful work, as described by "A
Foreman" at p. 474, would, in the case of a \\mn-
tity of fruits, prove rather tedious and worrying. I
have had to clean out a considerable bulk of fruit
year by year, and have at length found that the first
great essential to success is that the fruits shall be
absolutely ripe, for I am assured that seeds will

germinate only when the fruits are thoroughly
matured. Then the fruits must be permitted to parti-
ally decompose or change into a watery mass — a pro-
cess which follows rapidly when fruits are dead ripe.
To that end the fruits, when gathered, are laid upon
boards, where, in a couple or three weeks, owing
to the escape of water, the skins shrivel, and the
flesh becomes thin and limpid. When a quantity
of fruits is in such a condition they are pressed by
band into a bucket, some water is added, and the
whole well churned by the hand. All sound seed
sinks to the bottom, and light or useless seed comes
with the skins and pulp to the surface ; that may
be poured off, as soon as can be with safety. More
water is added, the whole stirred, and once more
the floating contents poured off. After a third
wasliing the seeds are run into a fine sieve, washed
again, and placed in the sun to dry. Being so
thoroughly cleansed, that process is not lengthy.
When quite dry the seed may need a little rubbing
between the hands and a little fanning through a
sieve, and it is perfectly prepared for storing for
the winter. The fruit whilst left to soften
after gathering should not be allowed to become
rotten, as not only is the seed discoloured, but
its germination endangered. Tomato seed is so
cheap that it is very doubtful whether it pays
any one to grow it for the trade. The trifling
sum given for it in quantity possibly bears poor com-
jjarison with the retail price. As a rule, fruit sold
at id. per pound will give a better return than will
seed saved from the same quantity of fruit, when
that seed is sold wholesale. I think it is correct to say
that the finer and handsomer our fruits the less seed-
producing are they relatively — a point doubtless con-
siderably in favour of the handsomer fruits for eating
purposes, as the less seed in them the better. What
is lost in that direction seems, however, to be gained
in the giTater solidity of flesh, and hence it happens
that just as fruits are solid so are they less productive
of seed. Last year I had given me at South Ken-
sington a couple of Canadian grown fruits ripened in
the open air in that colony. 'These I found to be, as
compared with similar home-grown fruits, far more
productive of seed, containing at least twice as much.
Fruits from the same kind grown here under glass
this year, however, show a much reduced proportion
of seed, whilst the flesh is relatively firmer, fruits of
well-known English kinds being tested with those of
Canadian origin. It will not be a matter for surprise
to find some day complaints of the comparative non-
fecundity of high-class Tomatos. Constant selection
from the best, handsomest, and most solid fruits may
lead to that result at no very remote date. A. D,

TELEPHONE PEA AS A LATE VARIETY.— Have

any of your correspondents tried Telephone as a late
Pea ? I send you an average sample gathered to-
day (October 5) ; we have two or three dishes yet to
come. It was accidentally omitted from the earlier
sowings, and was sown as an experiment at the same
time as Maclean's Latest of All, viz., June 23 ; the
result has been very satisfactory. We have been
gathering all through September, and shall continue
at intervals to do so till about the middle of the
month if no frost intervenes. I may add that they
were grown on a piece of ground always set a])art for
Peas, in shallow trenches running north and south ;
they had no mulching of any kind, but several good
soakings of sewage during the hot weather. F. W.
Seers.

ADIANTUM FERGUSONI.— The following informa-
tion concerning the origin and character of this
remarkable Fern (see fig. 96, p. 469) is extracted
from the late Mr. Ferguson's con'espondence with
Mr. Dyer. In April, 1885, Mr. Ferguson wrote : —
" The following facts may interest Mr. Baker, Mr.
Moore, and yourself. On my return from Puttalum,
about 85 miles north of Colombo, in November, 1881,
I stopped a night at Negombo, about 21 miles north
of this, and visited F. J. de Livera, Esq., District
Judge. I found tliis Fern (A. Fergusoni) for the
first time in a small pot between plants of A. tenerum
and A. Farleyense. I remarked that I thought it
was A. Farleyense, which had taken a great bound
and gone back to be a fruitful form. Mrs. de Livera
got the plant from a family close by, who professed
to have obtaiued it at a sale of plants at Colombo.
With me it is a tall Fern about 2 feet in height and
4 feet in expansion. It has seeded freely here, and
has come up in the crevices of the walls round my
house. It has no barren fronds at all, and the seed-
lings sliow no difference from the parent. It is
surely too robust a plant to be squeezed into any
form of A. CapiUus-veneris, and the nearest to it

504

THE GABDENEBS' CTTnONICLE.

lOcTODEK 22, 1887.

that I can suggest is A. concinnum. I feel very
grateful to Mr. Moore for the honour he has done
me in naming this rare Fern after me." In May of
the same year we received at Kew living plants of
this Adiantum, and there is now a fine e.Nample of it
in our collection, quite as fine as that described by
Mr. Ferguson. Its spores vegetate in all sorts of
places, and we have already distributed a consider-
able number of plants thus raised among nurserymen
and others. A frond measured by me to-day is
30 inches high, the lowest branch being IS inches
from the top, and the width of the frond at the
base 12 inches. It is one of the handsomest of
Adiantums, and is certain to become a popular
garden Fern. With regard to its position as a
species, it appears to me that it must take rank with
the numerous and exceedingly varied forms of A.
Capillus-veneris. Whether it is a sport from the
latter, or a hybrid between it and one of the forms
of A. tenerum, cannot be determined ; but certainly
it is not more extreme in the circle of A. Capillus-
veneris than such as, for instance, the variety known
as daphnites. I am responsible for the statement in
the note that accompanied the figure of A. Fergusoni,
to the effect that Mr. Baker had decided it to be a
form of A. Capillus-veneris ; this is not exactly
correct, Mr. Baker believing that Mr. Moore's view
was the true one, namely, that A. Feigusoni is
related to A. Capillus-veneris, but whether a hybrid
or a sport is not certain. W. Watson, Kew.

HELLEBORE "RIVERSTON" VARIETY.— As this
plant has been several times under discussion in the
gardening papers, I do not think it necessary to add
anything further about it except to correct some errors
in the description which appeared with the figure of it
at p. 439. As botanists hold that Helleborus niger
maximus is mt a species, it is consequently incorrect
to call this plant a hybrid, as has been done before
now, its origin having been attributed to H. niger
angustifolius and H. niger maximus, from the fact
of its partaking of the characteristics of both these
plants in a remarkable degree. The period of bloom-
ing, the colour of the pistils, and also that of the
leaf and flower-stalks, give rise to the idea that this
plant had some affinity to those well known varieties.
Next as to its period of blooming. It is stated that
the Riverston Hellebore does not flower until after
Christmas. Having grown this plant here for tlie
past twenty-seven years, I may be supposed to know
what is its blooming season. With the exception
of H. n. maximus, it is the earliest of all the varie-
ties of H. niger which I grow here, and it blooms,
in fact, along with H. n. maximus, following closely
after that variety begins. The main crop of bloom
was over last year before Christmas, and I could
not find as many blooms of it as I needed for the
church decorations at that time. Lastly, the leaf-
stems are green, and not mottled with purple, as
described. J. T. roe,Eh'crston.

CUCUMBER PECULIARITIES.— It is with much
pleasure and interest, combined with a desire for
information, that I carefully read the articles which
appear in your valuable paper. Through the medium
of your paper we gardeners ought to and do mutually
benefit each other. When seeing the paragraph
together with the illustration of the curious Cucum-
ber sent you by Mr. Turner, my own observations on
Cucumber peculiarities occun-ed to me. During the
month of June I had a Cucumber, not with roots at
the end, but at about two-thirds from the top. lu
July Mr. Morton, gr. to U. Ivorn, Ksq., .I.P., VVood-
ville, Preston, drew my attention to a Cucumber he
had which not only showed roots but leaves at the
end, about three" in number. These peculiarities
may not be very wonderful after all, when we examine
the laws of vegetation ; but their occurrence, how-
ever, is so rare that they are always worthy of men-
tion. SaiMiel Stralun, Uibmrth House, Loiigridgc.

CACTUS AND DECORATIVE DAHLIAS.— Few men

are better qualified to write of the merits or demerits
of these than " II. D.," and consequently he renders a
service to many by his sneering article upon them
at p. 473. Both names are somewhat misleading, for
no one could mistake the best of all Cactus Dahlias,
Juarezi, for a Cactus, while all the others in this
class are mere impostors ; and as regards the
term decorative, it is either wholly misleading or
without any definite significance. Garden Dahlias
would be a better and a more distinctive name for a
class, which, however beautiful, is not considere'd
fit for showing either in show, fancy, or bouquet
classes. But the best Dahlias in all classes might

well claim to be the most highly decorative, or, if
differences are to be recognised, then possibly the
bedding Dahlias are the most useful for decorative
purposes, and should be designated decorative Dahlias.
There is something rather grotesque in bestowing the
name on the so-called Cactus Dahlias, while the
best of them all, Juarezi, hastens to hide up
its decorative merits beneath a canopy of leaves
before its earlier blooms are half expanded.
And so on and on throughout the growing
and blooming season — hardly have one set of blooms
begun to open than up rises another and hides
and smothers them up with leafage and shootlets. It
may be said that an easy remedy may be found in
the removal of all successional shows, but in prac-
tice this is found to be a very poor remedy, for the
Cactus Dahlia is late in blooming, and shows but
few flowers in its earlier stages ; lience, if it is
limited to these the plants will hardly merit the dis-
tinguishing name of decorative. The flowers are
also slow in developing their beauty, and this, com-
bined with late blooming, induces most cultivators to
leave successional shows, to see if more and better
blooms may not turn up as the season ad-
vances. With all its faults, however, the C.
Juarezi is by far and away the best of all
the Cactus class. Perhaps it would be more
correct to say that it is still the only Cactus Dahlia.
Of course I am well aware that a goodly number
have endeavoured to reach to fame and fortune on
its good name, but most of them arc sheer impostors,
with more or less broad and floppy petals, as unlike
as can be to the narrow semi-tubular i)etals of the
true Cactus Dahlia. The blooms, too, are as per-
sistent as they are peculiar, no Dahlia bloom
lasting so long on the plant nor keeping fresh
without fading so long afterwards, as the D.
Juarezi. Its peculiar form also enables it to
be used for many purposes for which few or
no other Dahlias can be used. I would also
endorse " R. D.'s " high estimate of the bouquet class
of Dahlias. Some of the whites in this class espe-
cially are exquisitely beautiful. They also exist in
all our chief colours, and nothing can exceed them in
brilliancy and profusion of blossom. Few or none
of these have any excess of leafage ; on the con-
trarv, so soon as they settle down to flowering they
go on flowering more and yet more freely until they
are literally all bloom before the frost comes and
makes its first meal of their matcliless autumnal
beauty. D. T. F.

ANEMONE SULPHUREA >:. A. ALPINA.— What-
ever Mr. Wolley Dod says is likely to be right, but
for the purpose of my remark the correction is
immaterial. It so happens that Anemone sulphurea
and A. alpina grow side by side in my garden, and
if Anemone alpina is the lime-lover, I can confi-
dently say its attachment to it is not very great. I
was obliged to move them both from a prepared
border because they did not like the sun, and now
they live and do well in a spot which is given up
to American plants, and whose soil (so far as they
go) is wholly disregarded for the sake of shade.
H.E.

CANKER IN APPLE TREES.— Notwithstanding all
that has been written during the past few years re-
specting the origin of this artection, to which
some varieties of Apple trees are so liable, and
which by some writers has been attributed to
insect injuries, and by others to fungoid growth, I
have no doubt whatever that the prime cause of
canker is frost, and that it affects the trees more
especially on light sandy or limestone soils. I have
noticed many cases, all tending to the same conclu-
sion ; the tissues of the wood of such varieties as
Lord SuBield, Ribston Pippin, Norfolk Beaufin, and
several of the American Apples which do not
thoroughly ripen their wood in some seasons being
l)articularly liable to it. I have a notable iustance
to record. In the early part of 1884 (I believe this
was the year), after a mild winter, and a moist season
previously, a friend selected, and begged me to let
him have", a particularly healthy-looking and clean-
stemmed standard Ribston Pippin (bottom-worked) ;
this he moved himself, when it appeared quite sound,
but he shortly after complained that the stem had
become badly cankered. In the interval, during the
month of March, we experienced very bitter weather
and severe frost, and alter this I noticed many other
trees which had previously appeared healthy were
much injured; and before and since, after severe
frost, I have noticed the canker occur. Many trees
removed by me in the winters of 1878-0, and the
following year, which trees were apparently sound,

have never recovered. Doubtless weakness, or excess
of some constituent in the soil, whereby the texture
of the wood is inefliciently built up, may contribute
to the liability to attacks by frost, but I have long
since made up my mind that to frost, and frost alone,
tills disease is due. T. Laxton, Bedford.

CATASETUM BUNGEROTHII. — I see notices of
Catasetum Bungerothii with seven and eight flowers.
I have one, just over, which had sixteen flowers
open, and of which I have taken the photograph.
R. B. White, Arddarroch, Garelochcad, Biunbarton-
shirc.

FIRST SWARMS OF BEES IN THE WINTER.— In

your last issue Mr. Walter Chitty, Pewsey, in giving
a description of the Rector's bees, kept on the old-
fashioned system, says : — " He keeps his first swarms
to stand the winter ' smart,' and old stocks are taken
for honey. There is a great amount of common
sense in this proceeding. It means that a constant
and regular succession of young queens are at the
head of each hive." Are these things so? My own
impression, after having little or much to do with
bees for forty years, is that a first swarm (to use the
accepted phraseology of Langstroth and others) "is
invariably led otf by the old queen." If such is the
case, it does not follow that there is much common
sense attached to the Rector's practice. North Xor-
follc.

LILIUM SPECIOSUM VARIETIES.— Your Corre-
spondent, •' G. R.," p, 474, seems desirous of clear-
ing up the confusion respecting the white speciosum
with yellow anthers, but immerses it into greater
confusion by an attempt to introduce a spring-
flowering speciosum. Your correspondent might have
saved himself the trouble of quoting Dr. Wallace's
classification of L. speciosum, since all those who
know the group at all knows its characteristics ;
'■ G. R." says this yellow anthered form has nothing
whatever to do with Kraetzeri — evidence alone that
your correspondent does not know much of his sub-
ject. In its growth — i.e., its green stems and green
leaves and buds, and in its height, which, when
established, is b\ feet (one batch I have seen during
the past summer was fully G feet high) — it is iden-
tical with Kraetzeri, and beyond this it grows in
company with it in Japan, and really reaches us as
Kraetzeri, and from its first appearance (some ten
years since) it has never, I believe, reached this
country as a separate consignment. This variety
with yellow anthers is, in this particular, unique
among white-flowered speciosums. Dr. Wallace, in
his Notes on Lilies, does not mention it, although
my notes before me bear date of the same year as
the work in question was published; this leads me
to suppose that it was then unknown to Dr. Wal-
lace. I have this season seen the bulk of this Lily
which is to be seen, and my firm holds much the
largest stock in the trade ; in each case the
period of flowering is identical with my own
experience of it. The earliest flowering variety
of this section is priecox, and the parent white
is 'Vestale What a pity " G. R." has so neglected
his Kraetzeri as to be so familiar with its manners
" under bad cultivation." I give mine a most liberal
treatment, and have this yeai' been rewarded with
hundreds of spikes, varying from ten to sixteen
flowers each, and stems fully the size of one's thumb.
This is the best proof of the vigour of this Lily when
hapjiv and well done. " G. K.' concludes by saying
that " After all, the name album venum is not so very
confusing, provided it is only applied to this plant. '
Will " G. li." give the date of flowering of this Lily
— I mean its commencement — and also Kraetzeri ?
I have placed the date at which mine began with
the Editor, as without a fixed date for the flowering
of Kraetzeri the other is no guide. E. Jenkins.

POTTING LILIES — LILY FUNGUS.— From this
forward lovers of Lilies will be receiving their con-
signments or repotting those already in stock, if not
hitherto done. I have grown them for some years,
home and imported, and always have a large fraction
of losses from a fungus that attacks the scales,
especially of imported L. auratum, and never ceases
until many are rotten through. I raised this question
some years ago, if I remember rightly, in your
columns, but failed to get any antidote, beyond a
recommendation to start them in cocoa-nut fibre
refuse ; but if the fungus is imported in an incipient
state with the bulbs, that will not check its ravages,
I tried dipping in diluted parafiin oil, but am not satis-
fled to repeat it, I cut away the diseased scales and

October 22, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONIGLE.

505

dusted with charcoal powder, but rotting went on.
This season I am potting and surrounding the bulbs
with sea-sand and tine peat. Perhaps Mr. G. F.
Wilson, or some other of your readers, have found a
remedy*. W. J. Murphi/.

Law Notes,

CLAIM FOR UNFERTILE SEEDS.
A CASE of considerable interest and importance to
farmers and seed-mercliants came before the Nun-
eaton County Court Judge and a jury on Saturday,
£15 being claimed by Thomas Hughes, farmer,
Anstey, from George Sims, a neighbouring farmer,
for damages sustained through alleged misrepre-
sentation. The plaintitf purchased four bags of Peas
from the defendant at 175. per bag, defendant repre-
senting that they were of excellent quality. The
Peas were sown, but those that came up were de-
scribed by the plaintiff as " resembling parish churches
— one here and one there." Plaintiff called in a pro-
fessional valuer, who assessed the damage at £15.
Several neighbouring farmers spoke to purchasing
quantities of defendant's Peas, the result in some
instances being so bad that they reploughed the land
without gathering the produce. Several of them
stated that the seed which did not germinate was
subsequently found mouldy in the ground. It was
urged in defence that no warranty was given, and
that large quantities of the Peas were taken by
rooks, pigeons, and pheasants after being sown. A
verdict for plaintiff for £10 was given. North British
Agriculturist, October 12, 1887.

The Weather.

MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING OCT. 29. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Oct. 23 ...

... 48».4

Oct. 27

.. 47°.0

,. 24 ...

... 48''.0

„ 28

. 46''.6

„ 2.5 ...

... 47°.6

„ 29

.. 46"'.4

„ 2lj ...

... 47°.3

Mean for the week

. 470.3

Accumulated temperatureindicatesthecombined i

duration of the excess or defect of temperature aoove or
below 32° F. for the period named, and 13 expressed in Day-
deprees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

Accumulated.

li li

Districts.

below the

I,

fc.

£« s'2

Mean for

^«

■« s

a S,^ a S,^

ending

x^

-a „»|Tj ,«

Oct. 17.

1-

'a"

.s a

<&

mil

Principal Wheat^pro-

Day-

Day-

Day-

Day-

ducing Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg.

deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

6 below

U

23

+ 75 + 64

1. Scotland, E. ...

5 below

17

34

-1- lOl'-H 72

2. England, N.E. ...

7 below

16

26

— 34-1- 105

3. England, E. ...

10 below

19

33

— 110 4- 199

4. Midland Cos. ...

9 below

21

38

— 92]+ 201

5. England, S.

10 below

24

37

— 157:-!- 185

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

7 below

20

33

— 43-1-79

7. England, N.W....

8 below

18

25

— 44'-!- U2

8. England, S.W. ...

9 below

36

20

— 60-1- 191

e. Ireland, N.

5 below

27

8

-1- 154 -1- 29

10. Ireland, S.

7 below

33

13

-1- 171, -f 109

— Channel Islands

7 below

44

0

— 3o[-h 77

Rainfau,.

Bright
suhshtne.

Districts.

Is .

1^

1.

&g|

ill

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. SOOTLASD. N. ...

4 less

180

29.9

23

24

1. SOOTIAND, E. ...

3 less

135

18.5

31

33

2. England, N.E. ...

2 more

124

14.7

60

33

3. England, E. ...

0 (aver).

118

13.8

42

41

4. Midland Cos. ...

6 less

106

13.9

47

37

5. England, S.

6 lesB

105

14.3

46

41

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

8 less

135

27.3

39

36

7. England, N.W....

8 less

114

18.1

47

37

8. England, S.W....

5 less

110

17.2

50

47

9. Ireland, N.

5 less

133

23.2

23

33

10. Ireland, S.

8 less

114

19.3

31

41

— Channel Islands

1 less

125

15.2

47

51

Blackberry ; but the description given of the Black
Raspberry says nothing about a divided p arentage,
so it may be an entirely black Raspberry after all.
Enquirer. [Can any of our readers say what this
new fruit is? Ed.].

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Oct. 17, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

'' The weather has been rather finer generally than
it was last week, but during tlie earlier part of the
period showers of cold rain, sleet, or snow were very
prevalent, while over the north-east of England
steady rain fell.

"The teniperature has been much below the mean
in all districts, the delicit ranging from 5° to 7° over
Ireland and Scotland, and from 7° to 10° over Eng-
land. The highest of the maxima, which were
recorded on the 17th, varied from 54° in ' Ireland,
N.,' to 61° in ' Scotland, E.,' and to 04° in ' England,
S.W,' During the greater part of the week the daily
maxima were in most cases below 60°. The lowest
of the minima, wliich were generally registered either
on the 12th or 13th, were unusually low for the
season. In ' England, S.,' the thermometer fell to
22°, and in 'England, S.W,,' and ' England, N.W.,)
to 23°, while in most other districts the lowest read-
ings ranged from 24° (in ' Scotland. W.,') to 31° (in
'Ireland, N.'). In the 'Channel Islands' the
minimum was 41°.

" The raiii/atl has been more than the mean in
' England, N.E.,' and equal to it in ' England, E.,'
but considerably less in all other districts.

" Bright sujjshine shows a very general increase,
the percentage of the possible duration ranging from
23 in 'Ireland, N,,' and 28 in 'Scotland, N.,' to 47
in the ' Midland Counties,' ' England, N.W,,' and
the ' Channel Islands,' and to 50 in ' England, N.E.,'
and 'England, W.' "

Enquiries.

*' He that questioneth much shall team much" — Bacon.

A Black Raspberry. — I observe that a black
Raspberry, named First and Best, is being offered by
one of the Birmingham nurserymen. It is not
claimed for this variety that it is new, but it is said
to be an improvement upon one introduced last year,
being earlier. Is this an old friend under a new
name ? For something like half a century a black
Raspberry has been in cultivation — a hybrid between
the Raspberry and Blackberry, with a good deal of
the flavour of the latter. It originated at Wethers-
field, in the county of Essex. The late Mr. Thomas
Rivers operated on this with a view of producing a
race of autumn-bearing black Raspberries, and from
this he derived an October-bearing one, named
Autumn Black. Tliis is desciibed by Dr. Hogg, in
his Fruit Manual. As Mr. Geo. Bunyard does not
give this a place in his excellent fruit catalogue, it
may be presumed that it is scarcely worthy of culti-
vation. Mr. Rivers never regarded his seedling as
wholly a Raspberry ; and Dr. Hogg admits that the
Autumn Black partakes much of the flavour of the

Notices to Correspondents.

Begonias : Young Learner, One of the first, if not
quite the first, species of Begonia introduced to
this country was the now well-known B. nitida,
syn. B. obliqua, B. pule bra, and B. purpurea, from
Jamaica in 1777; B. humilis, an annual species,
came from Trinidad in 1788; B. acuminata from
Jamaica in 1798 ; B. Evansiana, better known in
this country as B. discolor, from China, in 1808,
but accordmg to Don four years earlier. We can-
not inform you of the percentage of water in the
Btgonia, which you may easily ascertain by actual
experiment.

Correction. — In " Gardening Appointments " in
last issue (p. 482) for H. Wilks read H. Wills.

Edcharis : B. C. We have examined the bulb, but
can discover no traces of mite or fungus. Pro-
bably there is something amiss with the culti-
vation.

Forcing Roses and Tomatos in a Vinery : W. J. P.
If the pot Koses are started at the same time as
the Vines, you would still have time to grow a
crop of Tomatos in the border before forcing of
the Vines ceased ; but there are two essentials,
viz., the Vines must be planted at 4|^ to 5 feet
intervals, and the Tomato plants large and robust
at planting time.

Insects: J. F. F. H. Your Turnips and Swedes are
being devoured by the voracious and omniverous
larvae of the moth, Agrotis segetum, or exclaraa-
tionis. The eggs were laid by the parent moth in
the summer, and the larvie will turn to chrysalids,
and pass the winter in the latter state. /. 0. W.
— M. B. 4' Co. We found only a small woodlouse,
and one of the little jumping spring-tails, Lipura
ambulans, in the box of earth sent without any
note of the circumstances connected with the
appearance of the insects. /. 0. JV,

Names of Fkuits: Sutton ^' So7is. Ribston Pippin.
— J. E. N. 1, Marie Louise ; '2, Swan's Egg; 3,
Wareham Russet. — W. W. B. Apple: Cockle's
Pippin. — J. W. Pear : 1, not known, so very small
and scrubby ; 2, Beurre Superfin ; 3, Lord Len-
nox ; 3, Waltham Abbey Seedling; 4, Margil. —
Lj/minyton. Pear : Bishop's Thumb. Apple :
Biaddick's Monpareil. — No letter: the numbers
written in peiicil (five Apples, one Pear). Pear :
small Beurre de Capiaumont. Apples: 1. Golden
Noble; 2, Cellini; 5, Warner's King; 11, Lane's
Prince Albert; 13, Cox's Orange Pippin. —
W. E. B. G. Pear: Fondante dAutomne.— i^. W.S.

2, 3, Gloria Mandi ; 6, Reinette du Canada ;
7, Bess Pool ; 8, 10, Blenheim Orange. —
Oxon. 1, Dumelow's Seedling; 2, Golden Winter
Pearmain ; 3, Keswick Codlin ; 4, Gloria Mundi ;

5, Ha\vthornden ; 6, Court of Wick. — H. Hay-
Tnond Barker. 1, Beurr^ d'Amanlis ; 2, Alfriston ;

3, not recognisable. — Scarborough. 12, New Haw-
thorndeo ; 15, Dumelow's Seedling; 16, Brabant
Bellefleur ; 24, Warner's King; 27. not recognised.
— G. W.E. Peach quite decayed. — G.B. 1, Pomme
de Neige; 2, Gravenstein; 5, Dutch Mignonne ;

6, Peach Apples : the other fruits were missing,
having apparently been abstracted. — J. H. H.
1, not recognised; 2, Winter Peach; 3, Boston
Russet; 4, Twin Cluster Golden Pippin.-— 5,
Flat Nonpareil; 7, Ross Nonpareil; 8, Court
of Wick. — North Bank. Fearn's Pippin Apple. —
W. Balchin. Pear: Doyenne du Cornice. — David
Beeves. 1, Lord Suffield ; 2. Brabant Bellefleur;
3, Autumn Bergamot ; 4, Ribston Pippin ; 6, Ro'=!e-
mary Russet; 5, not recognised. — Wicklow. 1,
New Hawthornden ; 2, Warner's King; 3, York-
shire Beautv ; 4, Queen Caroline ; others unknown.
G, W. 1, Beurr6 Diel ; 2, 4. 5, Bonne d'Ezees ;
3, Comte de Laray ; 6, Beurre Diel. — Pontypool.
b, Fondante dAutomne ; 8, 8. Napoleon ; 10,
Hampden's Bergamot ; 9, Beurr6 d'Amanlis; 11,
IG. 23, Thompson's ; 13, Beurr^ Bosc ; 18,
Winter Nelis ; 15, 20, Glout Mor9eau. The
others we do not name ; you have sent us too
many. — Arthur Lee. Apple : Golden Noble. Pear :
Beurr6 Bosc. Peach quite decayed. — General
Benson. Apple: Han well Sowing. Pear: 15, Thomp-

606

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBEB 22, 1887.

son's; the others not recognised. — C. M. Pear:
Josephine de Malines. Apples : 2, Gascoigne's
Scarlet Seedling ; 3, Lane's Prince Albert ;
4, Scarlet Russet ; 5, Hughes' Golden Pippin.
—S. H. M. H. The Pear you send is from
the stock ; better to cut it down and regraft
with some other good sort. The large Apple is
Golden Reinette ; the small one Beachamwell. —
J. H. Chalwine (Hampton Court). The Peach
resembles the variety named Lord Palmerston.

Names of Plants ; Chas. W. Acer rubrum. — F. J.
Saponaria officiualis. — G, P. Crata?gus orientalis ;
Hypericum species, cannot determine without
flowers, &c. — Robert B. 1, Cornusmas. ; 2, Pinus,
apparently a form of sylvestris, but without cones,
we cannot toll. — B. J. M. 3, Symphoricarpus
racemosus variegatus ; 4, Agathea coelestis ; 6,
Rosa cinnamomea. — JK M. Leycesteria formosa.
— G. Barhaui. 1, Davallia bullata ; 2, Asplenium
ebeneum ; 3, Polypodium quercifolium ; 4, Adian-
tura pedatum ; 5, Acacia affinis ; 6, next week. —
J. E. 1, Lastriea trichodes; 2, Nephrolepis
tuberosa ; 3. Polypodium aureum ; 4, Nephrolepis
undulata ; 5, Cycas revoluta. — A. F. Dendrobium
Johannis. — G. P. We cannot name without flowers.
— Cornuhiensc. Chelidouium majus.

Nectarine and Peach Shoots : Peach JVood. Nec-
tarines: 1, full of flower and wood-buds, but not
well ripened ; 2, equally good, and better matured ;
3, weak, not so well furnished with buds — fairly
matured. Pmehes : 1, well ripened, stocky shoots,
plenty of buds ; 2, 3, and 4, weak shoots, half ripe,
few flower-buds ; 5, shoots short, not well matured,
flower-buds few.

Prickly Pear : L. L. C. N. Such plants may be
bought for lO.s. each. Make an offer to some one
growing such plants, or advertise them in our
columns.

Seeding Cucdmber : T. Cooke. Cucumbers will grow
to a fair size aud yet be almost destitute of seeds,
or at any rate of good seeds. Some varieties are
more prone than others to this deficiency of pro-
ducing seed that will germinate. It is always best
in the case of shy setters to artificially impregnate
the freshly opened female flowers about noon, and
in fruits so manipulated the maximum amount of
seed will be found. There is nothing gained by
tying up the fruit to make it bulge, but it will often
happen that the fag end of the crop will consist of
these l.arge-ended Cucumbers, and these sometimes
contain a good quantity of seeds. This may be
the expiring effort of a departing plant to per-
petuate its kind.

Tobaccos : H. Joyce. The variety you 'describe as
having pointed leaves may be One Sucker. Hester
Virginia has leaves of medium length, of a club
shape, and in the mature state somwhat corru-
gated. Yon should have sent specimens.

Tomato Trials at Chiswick : O. J. P. The only
report which has appeared is to be found in our
issue for October 1, p. 411.

Trees or Shrubs to Grow on Heaps of Cal-
cined Ri-BBisH at the Pit Mouth : Cliestcrfield.
Nothing has any chance of succeeding until the
injurious components of the debris have become
eliminated by many years' weathering.

Turnips : W. Beid. We cannot say.

Vine Shoots Injured and Killed : Novice. Can
you send specimens of the roots, &c. ?

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Alfred B. Booty, James Street, Harrowgate. —

Bulbous Roots.
Martin Grashoff, Quedlinburg — Novelties in

Phlox Drummondi and Salvia.
Dick Radci.vife (Limited"!, 12,S and 129, High

Holborn, London, W.C. — Bulbs, Horticultural

Sundries, &c.
L. Spath, Rixdorf, near Berlin, Germany — Trees,

Shrubs, Roses, &c.
John Perkins & Sons, 52, Market Square, North-
ampton— Trees and Shrubs.
Robichon-Loyer et PiLs, 7 and 9, Route d'Olivct,

near Orleans, France^Azaleas and Roses.
William Colchester, Ipswich — Chemical and

Natural Manures.
PipiNiEREs DK Baudriller, a Gcnnes CMaine et

Loire), ^r.^nce — Trees, Shrubs, Fruit Trees,

and divers Novelties.
Messrs. H. Lane & Son, Great Berkhamstead —

Roses, Frinit Trees, Rhododendrons, Conifercs,

Azaleo indica, Camellias, Sx.

Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., Castle Street,
Salisbury — Roses and Grape Vines.

Paul & Son, " Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts —
Roses.

Andue Leroy, Angers, France — Trees, Shrubs, and
Fruit Trees.

Dickson & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, N.B.
—Fruit Trees.

V. DoppLEB, Erfurt, Germany — Novelties.

Jas. Blundell, West Dulwic'h — Hollyhocks, Vines.

William Brothers, Pettah, Colombo — Price and
Seed List for Planters in our Tropical Posses-
sions.

A. M. C. Jong KINDT CoNiNCK, "Tottenham" De-
demsvaart, ZwoUe, Netherlands — Wholesale
Trade List of Conifers, Roses, American Plants,
Perennials, Rock Plants, Aquatics, Ferns,
Ericas, &c.

IIenky May, Bedale, Yorkshire — Roses, Greenhouse
Herbaceous Alpine Plants, and General List.

W. Drdmmond & Sons, Stirling. N.B. — Forest, Orna-
mental, and Fruit Trees, Roses and Conifers.

Bruant, Boulevard Sant Cyprien, a Poitiers, Vienne
— Shrubs, Fruit and other Trees, Conifers,
Roses, &c.

Messrs. E. P. Dixon & Sons, Hull— Fruit, Forest,
and Ornamental Trees, &c.

Benjamin Cant, Colchester, Essex — Roses.

Messrs. J. M. Thorbohn & Co., 15, John Street,
New York, U.S.A. — American Seeds for Euro-
pean AVhoIesale Trade only.

Garlies Mitchell, Stranraer, N.B. — Nursery Trade
List of Seedling Thorns, Forest Trees, Shrubs,
Conifers, and Plants for Winter Beds.

Dicksons & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh —
Select Fruit Trees.

! Received.— A. Z. — Sir W. G. Camiichael.
— W. C— Dr. Bonaria.— W. B. H.— G. P.— W. H. W.—
W. W.—W. L.— L. J.— S. C— J. D.— A, M. C. J. C— A. W.

— O. T. C— W. E W. S.— O. O.— J. E. J.— A. L.— A. B.

(utterly inadequate; see an account of the plants in this

r^ Correspondents sending plants c
nsknig questions demanding time and re
iiinst not expect to obtain an answer l
current week.

' fruits to be named, or
iarclifor their solution,
I their enquiries in the

lARKETS.

COl'^NT GAUDEN. October 20.
Business has been very depressed during the past
week, especiallv among best goods. James Webber^
Wholesale Apple Market,

PIJ.NTS IN Pots.— Average Whole3ai.e Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Cap-iicum, dozen ... 5
Chrysanthem., dozen 4
Cyclamen, per d07enl8
Cypems, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminal 19,
per dozen ... ...30

— viridis, per doz.

d. s.d.

0-18 0

per dozen
Feriia,
Ficus elasti
Foliage plants,

iHia u I ous. each ...
] Fuchsias, doz.

0-60 0 Heliotrope, dozen

0-34 0 Hydrangeas, doz

... 6 0-24 0
. doz. 4 0-18 0
each .16-70

... 2 0-10 0

... 3 0- 9 0

... 4 0- 8 0

... 9 0-12 0

doz. 9 0-15 0 Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0

I Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0

0-18 0 Pelargon

let, per do,

,30-60

Cot Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons. 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies. 12 bims.
Asters, 12 bunches...
Bouvardias, per bun.
Camelliag. ISblms...
Carnations, 12 blms.
Chrysanth., 12 bun.

— large, 12 blooms
Cornflower, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardeniaa. 12 blooma
Heliotropes, 12 apr.
Jasmine, white, bun.
Liliura loogifiorum,

12 blooms

— lancifolium.l2bl.
Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette, 12 bun.

20-40
4 0-60

3 0-60
0 6-10

4 0-60
10-30

2 0-60
10-40
10-20
4 0-60

3 0-60
0 6-10
0 6-09

3 0-60
10-30
3 0-60
0 9-20

Myosotis, 12 bun. ...30-;
Pelargoniums.lSspr. 0 6- 1

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 3- (
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-1

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0- (
Roses, Tea, per doz. 10-5

— coloure.i. dozen. 0 6^ 1

— red.perdozen ... 0 3- C

— Saffrano.dozen... 0 9-1
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4 0-6
Sunflowers. 12 bun. 2 0- A
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 6- ]
Violets, 12bunchea.., 0 9-1

— French, bunch... 10-1

— Fr. Parme, bun. 4 0- £
White Lilac,Fr.,bun. 7 0- S

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prioeb.

Applei

13-36 Melons, each ... 0 6- 2 0

16-40 Peaches, dozen ... 20-90
, 1 0- 3 0 I Tears i-^iovo ... L' 6- 6 0

Chnnnel Isl.. 7b. 0 6- 0 9 ' ~ French, dozen... 10-16
Kent Cob?, 100 lb.. ..50 0-55 0 I Pine-apples, Eng.. lb. 10-30
Lemous, por case ...12 0-31 0 ( —St. Midiael. each 2 0- & 0

Vegetables.— Average Reta.il Prices.
s.d. s.d.
Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ...
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle... 16-20
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6- 1 0
Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ,..
Lettuce, per dozen ... 2 0- 5 0

., per bushel... 4 0- .
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- .
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- I
,, kiduey.percwt. 4 0- i
Shallots, per lb. ...0 3-.
Spinach, per bushel... 2 6- ,
Tomatos, per lb. ...0 9-.
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- .
Vegt. Marrows, each 0 2- .

Potatos.— Trade rcry heavy. Regents, 605. to 805. ; Magn
505. to 80s. ; and Beauties, lOOs. to 110s. per ton.

SEEDS.

London: Oct. 19.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., describe
to-day's market as devoid of interest. Clover seeds
of every description meet, for the moment, with no
attention ; meantime prices all round promise to
rule low. Imported Italian firmly maintains the
recent advance; from France the offerings are on a
surprisingly small scale. Occasional orders drop in
for winter Tares ; quotations have rarely been so low
as now. Stocks of Hemp seed seem nearly used up,
and rates are consequently considerably higher.
Blue Peas sell slowly on former terms. For feeding
Linseed the tendency is downwards.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the prices
of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended October 15:— Wheat, 29s. 3f/. ; Barley,
295.°; Oats, 15s. ^d. For the corresponding week
in 1886 :— Wheat, 295. U. ; Barlev, 275. 4f?. ; Oats,
165. Orf.

PBTJIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia ; Oct. 19. — Good supplies, demand
moderate, prices fair. Quotations: — Fruit: Eating
Apples, 3s. to 6^. per bushel ; cooking do., Ss. to 5s,
do. ; stewing Pears, ^s. Q>d. to 45. Qd. do. ; dessert do.,
5s. to 8s. do. Vegetables : Brussels Sprouts, Zs, to
4^. per sieve ; Cabbages, 45. to 8s. per tally ; Cauli-
flowers, 2s. to bs. per dozen ; Celery, 9s. to 14s.
per dozen bundles; Greens, 25. Qfd. to 4s. do.;
Turnips, 3s. Q>d. to 45. do. ; Carrots, Is. ^d. to 25.
do. ; Beetroots, 2s. %d. to Ss. do. ; English Onions,
5s. to bs. Qid. per cwt. ; foreign do., 4s. iSd. to bs. per
bag of 1 10 lb. ; Carrots, 30s. to 45s. per ton.

Stratford : October IS. — Trade and supply good,
at the following quotations : — Cabbages, ^. to 8s. per
tally; Savoys, lOs. do.; Cauliflowers, 2s. to 4s. Qd,
per dozen; Carrots, household, 455. to 50s, per ton;
Carrots, cattle feeding, 285. to 32,s. Qd. do. ; Mangels,
175. to 225. do.; Swedes, 22s. to 25s.do.;Onions, Dutch,
4s. (Sd. to 6s. per bag; do., Oporto, 75. 6^. to Ss. 6<f.
per case ; Apples, English, 2s. 6rf. to 6s. per bushel ;
Pears, Ss. to ^. do. ; Walnuts, lis. per bag, and 20s.
per sack ; Watercress, 6rf. per dozen.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : October 18. -Large
supplies, and demand confined to nest samples.
Quotations : — Hebrons, 80s. to 90*. ; Regents, 70s. to
80s.; Early Roses, 70s. to SOs. ; Magnum Bonum, 505.
to 755. ; German Blues, 60s. to SOs. per ton.

Columbia (East London) : October 19. — Quota-
tions : — Magnums, bbs. to 705. ; Regents, 65s. to
SOs. ; Reading Hero, 70s. to 85s. ; Victorias, eO-s.
to 70s. ; Beauty of Hebron, SOs. to 95s. per ton.

Stratford : October 18.— Quotations : — Magnums,
SOs. to 70s. ; Regents, 65s. to SOs. ; Beauty of
Hebron, OOs. to lIOs. per ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week con-
sisted of 247 bags from Hamburg, 2 Bremen, 725
Ghent, 2 Rotterdam. 477 Harlingen, 5 Amsterdam,
and 41 packages Flushing.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, SOs. to
lOOa. ; inferior. 705. to Sis. ; hay, prime, 70^. to 925.
(jd. ; inferior, 46». to 66s ; and Btraw, 275. to 40s. per
load.

OcTOBiB 22, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

507

CARTERS'

CHOICE NAMED

J

THE BEST FOR EXHIBITION

AXD GENERAL EFFECT.

Price from 4s. per dozen.

ALL PARCELS C A R B I A G K FREE.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

COLCHESTER ROSES.

A MUCH

ENLARGED CATALOGUE,

J rs T F UBLISHED,

CONTAINING

Name of Raiser ^' Date of Introduction

OF EACH VARIETY;

VALUABLE INFORMATION

Bespecting the Newer Kinds,

HINTS as to CUIiTIVATION, &c.

rOUT FREE OX APPLICATION TO

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

ROSE GROWEE,

COLCHESTER.

UTCH BULBb.

IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

D
D

ANT. KOOZEN AND SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen, near Haarlem. Holland.
Intending purchasers of DUTCH BULBS are invited to read
ANT. ROOZEN and SON'S CATALOGUE for 1887, and see the
large saving effected by Dealing direct with the Grower.
The Catalogue, containing details of their immense Collections
of New, Rare, and Fine Bulbs and Plants, and also particulars
as to Free Delivery, will be sent, post-free, on application
to them, or to their Agents. fllERTEXS axd CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others

intending planting Shrubs and Trees. &c., this Autumn.

ROBERT KEAL beg3 respectfully to call
attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town
Plantipg. of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES,
LLMES. ELMS, CHESINUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £o and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application^ -
The Nurseries. Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

FOR SALE, Thousands of Common
LAURELS, from 2 to 5 feet ; also Hundreds of
AUCUBAS. 1 to 5 feet, at very low prices, on applicatttn
to D. MASON, Hatton Hill Nursery, Windelsham, Bagehot,
Surrey.

TRXJE native larch.

stock practi-
men. Chester.

H.irdy, well-rooted, sturdy Plants, in all sizes.

cully unlimitpd.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS, The Queen's Nursen'

SUTTON'S BULBS

Genuine omiy direct from reading.

BMALLER AND SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well RTo^vn stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
.VI'MS, GENISTAS, BOUVARDIAS, ADIANTH.M CONEAT-
IIM nnd other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STEPHANOTIS, FICUS
ELASTICA, CR0T0N3, GREVILLEAS, VWES in pot3, &c.
An inspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES tornarded on application.
Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

''PUBEROSES, DOUBLE AFRICAN.— Our

JL consignments* of the above have now arrived, in excellent
condition, and are the finest we have ever had. Sample and
lowest price per 1000 (very moderate), also price of American
Pearls, will be sent upon application.

We have also larse and very tine stocks of LILIUM CANDI-
DU.M and DOUBLE SNOWDROPS. Specially reduced prices
c^in be quoted cf these for quantities.

IIUKST AND SON. 152. Houndsditch. London, E.

90 (MM) GOOSEBERRIES. — Crown Bob,

'^yJl\J\J\r 3-yr. nnd 4-yr. stuff, good heads and well
rooted, and nicely on the stem. libs, per 1000. Special quota-
tions for larger quantities.

WEBB AND BRAND (late Chater), Nurserymen, &c..
Saffron Walden,

PEARS, strong Standards, best sorts, straight
as gun-barrels, 10s, per dozen, 70s. per 100.
CURRANTS, Black Naples and Lee's Prolific. 3-yr. or 4-vr ,

7s. per 100, 60s. per 1000.
ROSE, Gloire de Dijon, extni strong dwarf, for climbers,
5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.
,, Marechal Niel, tis. per dozen. 40s. per 100.

HOPWOOD, Belle \'ue Nursery. Cheltenham.

QA (\IU\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

0\J^\/\J\f finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants : extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-inrh pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

To the Trade.
Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EV E K G R E E N HEDGES.

The throe best Shrubs for forming Hedges :—
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet, 6s. per dozen, 30s. per 100.
YEWS, English, 2 to 2J feet, 8.s. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; ^ to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per
dozen, 130s. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, IJ to 2 feel, 5s. per dozen, 30s. per 100 ; 2 to
2J feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2J to 3 feet, 12s. per
dozen, 7.5s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

.70HN PERKINS and SON, Billing Road Ni
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address—" QUICK." NORTHAMPTON.

/""(ARNATION, "PAUL ENGLEHEART."—

V-.' New Crimson Clove, perfectly hardy, free flowering,
fine rich colour, remarkably fragrant.

REQUIRES NO STICKS.
See Gardeners' Chronicle, Oct. 1. 1SS7. p. 409. Gilbert David-
son, having acquired from the Rev. G. H. Engleheart the entire
stock of this fine and useful border Carnation, is prepared to
Book Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
requested. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict
rotation, at 2s. Gd. each, 24s. per dozen.

GILBERT DAVn)SON, Wernoleu, Ammanford, R.S.O.,
Carmarthenshire, S. Wales.

UOREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,

-L 18s. per 1000. Ash, IJ to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000; ditto,
2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech, 1| to 2 feet, 14s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 18s. per 1000. Birch, 1 to Ij foot, 18s, per
1000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Elm.
1} to 2 feet, I2s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000;
ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, 1 J to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ;
ditio, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet. 17s. Sd. per
1000 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to 1| foot,
8s. per 1000 ; ditto, 1§ to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 2| feet,
12s. per 1000. Scotch Fir, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s, per 1000, Oak, IJto
2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000. Pmus
austriaca, 2 years transplanted, fine, 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet,
2 to 2J feet, 26s, per 1000 ; ditto, 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore,
IJ to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, I6s. per 1000.
Thorns. 1 to IJ foot. 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. IJ to 2 feet. 15s. per
1000; ditto. 2 to 2J feet, 17s. 6d. per 1000. Special offers for
extra quantities.

GABLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

LORD'S CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.—
Highest awards wherever exhibited. Undoubtedly the
soundest stock extant. My Selection, 6s. per dozen. AUo
liberal Collections at 10s., 155., 20s.. and 30s. Carriage paid
for cash.

NEW PICOTEE "MRS. SHARP."— The finest heavy scarlet
edjje ever offered. Catalogue post-free.

ROBERT LORD. Hole Bottom. Todmorden.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
12 inches high, 45. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegnns. Phoenix reclinata,
and Coryplia austraUs, 20 to 2-1 inches high, Is. 6d. each,
IQs. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Phcenix reclinata,
Enterpe edulis, and Areca lutescena, 2 feet 6 inches t« 3 feet
high, Ss. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery -folia ged Seaforthia olegans, 4 feet high, 165.
por pair.

GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N,

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovel
& Sox's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sampleof plants and pamphlet on cullivation. post-
free. 3d.—W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

FRUIT TREES a SPECIALTY.— True to
name. A large stock of all sorts— APPLES, CHERRIES,
CURRANTS, and GOOSEBERRIES (best also, Lanca^^hire prize
sorts), very cheap in quantity for market purposes; APRICOTS,
NECTARINES. PEACHES, NUTS, PEARS, PLUMS. DAM-
SONS. R.-VSPBERRIES. in all forms usually grown ; STRAW-
BERRIES, all the old standard, also the new sorts, by the 100
or 1000, or iu small pots. Winner Ist prize, Manchester; 2nd,
Cry.-tal Palace this year, for large collection APPLES, and
over fifty others within the last few years. Price List free.
Special quotations for quantities.

Descriptive LIST, with description of all sorts, and much
useful information, four stamps.

■JOHN WATKINS, Fruit Tree Nurseryman. Pomona Farm,
Withiiigton, Hereford.

To the Trade only.

CAPE BULBS.— The Botanic Gardens, Cape
Town, are Booking Orders for delivery in February, 1888.
FREESIA and DISA a speciiilty.

A. F. B.\XTER. Sales Department.

FOREST TREES, FIRS, & HARDWOODS

in every varietv. Unequalled for qualitv. Stock unlimited.

Nurseries over 200 acres.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS, The Queen's Nurserymen, Chester.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE, newly made.— Great
reduction. In bags — 20. 14s.; 40, 2.j^., bags included.
Truck-load of two tons, ifOs. All free on to Rail.

J. STEVENS AND CO., Greyhound Yard, and 153, High
Street. Batter-sea. S.W.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS, FERNS, RHODODENDRONS,
an.l other choice Plants.

me Best In the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
. London. E.C. continue to receive the highest of testi-
monitals (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON A!5D CO. have NO Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS. FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

bv innumerableunsolicitedTestimonials. Rhododendron PEAT,
LEAF-MOULD. LOAM, SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FIBRE, CHARCOAL, &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials.

EPPS & CO., RINGWOOD, HANTS.

GARDEN

REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 6s. per sack ; b sacks for 22s. 6d.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. tirf. ,, 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 255.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... "J

PREPARED COMPOST, best (is. per bush., 3s. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only I (sacks included),

PEAT MOULD, „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6i. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

KAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... Sd: lb., 28 lb. 18j.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) id. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 5s. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-') In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food fo- ( . ' ^

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. aslb. 661b. I owt.
Fruitii. Vegetables. &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality l/3 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VLRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6if. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFU3E (by Chubb's special process),
Backs, Is each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;
30 sacks. 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWAIX, LONDON, E.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, WINDOW CASES,

CAVES, WATERFALLS, WINDOW BOXES. AQUARIA,
ARTIFICIAL ROCKWuRK for Ballrooms. Halls, Staircases,
&c.. temporarily erected and constructed, under personri
superintendence of

HARPHAM AlJD HOWES.
Horticultural Depot, 107, Church Street, Edgwnre Road, N.W.

Est

ates find Illustrated Lis

AFRICAN GRASSES FOR VASES.

150 tall graceful natural assorted heads, 13 OrnamentalEeeds,
25 African Everla-stiog Flowers, 5 clusters of Everlasting
Strawberries, and o leaves of Silver Tree. The whole carefully
picked, c-arriage paid, 35. 9*^.

MARTIN OLARRE AND CO.,
African Imporberg, 67, New Broad Street, E.C.

508

THE GAEDENERS' CHIWNIGLE.

[OcTOBEE 22, 1887.

GARDENERS, &c., REQXHRING ^EAT,
SAND. LOAM. POTTING COMPOST, GARDEN
NETTING. RAFFIA. MATS. &c., in large or small quantities,
will save 25 per cent, bv sending for our List of Prices, postr
free. BRINKWORTH AMD SONS. Reading.

P" EAT and^^SAND.— Li^ht Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 16s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. id. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine. 13s. per ton.

WALKER AUD CO.. Famboro' Station. Hants.

ORTICULTUKAL SOILS, MANURES,

SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard). Central Office and Sales Room. 75i. Queen Victoria
Street. E.C.. near Mansion House Station. DepOt ; Swan Place.
Old Kent Road. London, S.E.
Telegrams—" Floriculture. London." Established 1854.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE KEFUSE.

id, per bushel ; 100 for 2.5s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bushel bags. 4rf. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBBOUS PEAT, 5s. W. per sack ; 5 Backs,
25s. : sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks.
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. 9i. per bushel ; 15s. per halt
ton : 26s. per ton. in 2-bu-shel bags. id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8». 6rf. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS. VERGIN CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21. Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

r.^nt of lirsl-nt.. r|U.nlltv, Miit.lble t.,r

ORCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,
FERNS,

and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the sack, or by the yard ; also first-rate
PEAT MOULD.— For printed particulars. apply. D. CAMERON.
Forester. Mount Mascal Estate. Nortli Cray. Foot's Cray. Kent.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best qualtti/, as supplied to the Roi/al Gardens, Sic.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. 10 sacks for 10s., 15 for

14s.. :'Oforl8s..30for25s. 1 two ton truck, 25s. Freeourail.
RUSSIA MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PE.4.T. 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 for 22s. 6rf.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack. 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6rf. per bushel; Us. fton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD. ;!s. per sack. P5s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN. 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA. LABELS. STICKS. BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL. 8s. per sack.
SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH. eachSrf. per lb.

28 lb. for ISs. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street. London. S.E.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT. — Excellent for Heaths anil general use, 7s. per yard,
45. per sack. Orchid (specialtte), finest selected Fern fibre,
6s. 6ti. per sack. RhodcMieiidroa, 10s. per ton ; not less
than 5 tons.

LOAM.— Good fibrous, 13s. per ton, ls.9rf. per sack.

LEAE MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.

SILVER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, ^s. 6rf.
and 8s. per ton.

SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh. 6s.6rf. per sack.

GRAVEL.— Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths.
8s. 6rf. per ton.

offered to growers, and

GATERELL & SON. Peat Merchants, Elngwood.

GISHUK^T COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since lSo9 again3t Red Spider. Mildew.
Thrips, Green Fly. and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of sof tr water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes. Is., 3s., and 10s. 6rf.

GISHURSTIXE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes. 6rf. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE CO.MI'ANY
(Limited). London.

CARSON'S PAINT

I'alronisL-d by 115.(100 of the Nubility. Gentry,
and Cler^.y. for all kinils of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt„ ajid Oil Mixture, Free to aU Stations.

Non-Poisonous l';,inl^ f..r Iri^i.l,' Work. (■..ii^frviituriiH. ,ltc.
Prices. I'all.Tiiii, and T.-Mtimoiiiiiji. I'osl-free.

LA BELLB SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. ;

BACHELOR'S WALK, DVNAN.— Discount for Cash.

PEAT, for Rhododendrons and American
Plants, in any quantity, put on South- Western Railway
at 10s. per ton. PEAT, fine, for beds, at 2s. 6d. per bag.
DENNIS HEATHER. West End. Chobham.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thrip. Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, &c., dc.
pg^pgQy^Y ) *** *^^ Hands and Skin, but will cure
u.n...rno Eingworm in Animals, and all Diseases
HARMLESS } produced by paiiisitcs.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A combination of Ilvdincirbim (i]K. mndf s.iliible in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS &. PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, wliether at the Hoots or
OU the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Cliemists, Is. 6d. Ce. 6d. & 4b. 6d;

i gallon 7s. 6d. 1 gallon 12s. 6d. orles> in liuper tiuantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the M.TnufacliJrer.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale: Hooper & Co.; Corry, Sopkr, Fowler & Co.;
C. E. OsMAN & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
ehanti aud Wholesale Patent Medicine Housea. NEW
YORK— RoLKER & Sons.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

Tliroirs a fine
spniji '10 ft., mid
iijrt 30 ft, u-ith
i/rait force.

A sjilendid
sidh^tittife for the
Syringe for using
Insecticide. Price
2.JS. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45.S.
Carriage Paid.

HUGHES'

GREEN&CREAMCOLORSHADING

For
Glass Houses.

FLORAL CEMENT.

A grrat boon tr- Florists and all lovers of Flonvers. Dries
Ln.'itaTitlv. Sold in bottles, Is. & 2s. I'er i:>o.-.t 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventiiiff Vines Bleeding after I'ninintr.

Very effectual in preventing the flow of wip in \'in.-^ biding

wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2/G. Per \»-i . ;ia. -xtra.

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

llo'^t efferftual in Oreenhouses.— for Animals and Bed
('lothing. Price. 6d., la. & 2/r,. Per post 3d. extra.

E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES, TlJi^S^

l/>OTORIA & OATBATON STREET, M/.^OHESTEB

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS.

121, BUNHILL EOW LONDON E.C

W H LASCFLTFS and CO -mil g ve Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL W ORK, free of charge, and
send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in vaxiona
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunhill Row. London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Wails, Paths, andStages,
sent post-free on application.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, m 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4th9 qualities, always kept m stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneoua
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOKGE FAKMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. John Street. West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

stock List and Pr

I apflication. Quote Ckn

-£le.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

i in Fxpan<.ion Joint Hot water Pipe., ft feet lonp. 4« 3rf each ;

4 in Sooltet Hot-water Pipe-i.lfi-eHong. 4? hrf each

Full Ilhatrated Rmiised Price Li.st on apphcatton.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE

HOT WATER APPARATUS.

Thi6 is the simplest,
heapest, and most
]unerful apparatus
mide It requires no
I rit-k setting, nostoke-

hrle and no hot- water

^ - litter for fixing. The
Builer stands in the
(j-reenhcu e the trout only being outside,
t that the whole of the heatf rom the Boiler
itself lb utilised It bums over twelve
hoiuNwithout attention atanominalc<»t.
th Boiler open feed lyphon, 12 ft. of
4 inch hot \%iter pipe and patent joints complete, £4 45.

Deli\ered free to any station Discount for cash.
Co t of Tppiritus COMPLETE for Greenhou-ies as below,
?rcd free "ith pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

d I ft ft

d 1 ft ft.

4 14

5 10 8 2.T X 12 ... 6 10 8
12 X 8... 5 1 0 I 20X10... 6 0 0 | 40 X 16 ... 12 13 4
Proportionate prices for other sizes. Estimates free.
Tlhistnitfd LiNt, with full particulars of these niid every
di^scriptinii Mf Fiii-l. i;.-!^. nii'l Oil Heating Stoves free.

October 22, 1887.1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

509

GARDEN MAT S.—

We have just received our New Season's MATS,
specinlly selected for Garden use.

NEW ARCHANGEL (full siae), 90s. per 100, 10s. per ten.
BEST HEA\nf RUSSIAN, 70s. per 100, 7s. id. per ten.
Other sorts cheaper.
BRINKWORTH axd SONS, Importers, Reading.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 c

1.3} by 8} for 10/- for 14,-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or iiOO sciuares l.i ounce, S by 6,

13 „ 10 ., 11/- „ 15/6 or 2.50 squares 8J by 6i, or 228
19/- squiires, 9} by 6}. or 170 squares,
24/- 9 by 7}, or ISO squares, 10 by 8,
20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders

18

, 12

17/6
13/-
21/-

12 ., 24/-

r£3.

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OFL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5d. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,

14. Moor Lane. Cripplegate, London, E.C.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASONS AUCII.VNGEL JIATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA (Fresh Arrival).

SPECIAL QVOTATIOiX.S on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135. COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E. _
To Nurserymen. Seed Mercliants. and Florists.

J BLACKBURN and «ONfS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags. Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — ■\ and h. Wormwood Street, E.G.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS,

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, K.

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET,
CHAMPAGNE, ^^^

OXir TO BE II AI) OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 0, G II E S H A :\I STREET, LONDON, E.G.

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

LISTRAC," 16|-»»'EN.
"GEVENCEY," 30/- «h.

R. HALLIDAY &, CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT- WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, IVIIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are t

perfection of growing houses, and fur practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of wo!
and that the very best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens de^tigned architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our fir
from the smalle^st to the largest. HOt-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guarante

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.
Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

THOMAS'S

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS

straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.

As illustrated above, price 3s. 3d. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— No, 631. Terminal Holdfasts.— Ko. 632.

No. 632i. ,™ „ ,

Per do:

2S.

3 2J 3 3J inches.
3d., 4d., Bd., 7d. per d.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

per inii yard.s.
Illustrated CATALOGUE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO,-

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, EC;
Works: 362 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

1?AWlvEs s]o\v-comDUb-
? tion HEVTING APPARATUS
— Fourth Sh

porta at impro%ement3 introJuLcd
Most efficient and cheapest m ex
istence. Requires no sunk stokehole
and no brick setting Will last all
night without attention Will burn
house cinders, therefore costs next to
nothing for fuel Any one can hx it
A domestic

Boilers Delivered Carriage Paid
from £2 10s

Numbers
; all

Only Slow

Combustion Ap-
paratus of the
kind.

Beware of in
efficient incom
pli'.te Apparatus

CROMPTON & FAWKES,

CHELMSFORD.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal 1

ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHOUSES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without attention. HOBERTS'3
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for CO.iL give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses. Bedrooms. Sec. Pamphlets, Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

'THE CAMBRICS OF ROBINSON & CLEAVER HAVE A WORLD-WIDE FAME."— T^e Queen, the Lady's Ne^ospaper.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S

CAMBRIC

IRISH

* HANDKI

CAMBRIC POCKET

HANDKERCHIEFS. Hemmed for use. All Pure Flax.
ozen.— Children's, is. 2d.; Ladies', 2S. i^d.; Geutle-
■; 38. 6d.; Hemstitched, per dozen— Ladie.3', 2s. ll^d. ;
>'. 4s. lid. Seud for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

IRISH MADE SHIRTS.— Best quality LoBg-cloth Bodies, with four-

* fold all Linen Fronts and Cuffs, 36s. 6d. the half-dozen (to measure, 2s. extra). New designs
in our special Indiana Gauze
Price Lists, and fuller info
materials, at a trifling cost.

TRISH LINEN COLLARS AND CUFFS.-

* Collars — Ladies' and Children's three-fold, 3s. 6d. per dozen; Gentlemen's

Cuffs for Ladies, Gentlen

POCKET

IRISH LINENS. — Roal Irish Linen Sheeting, fully

* bleactied, 2 yards wide, Is. lid. per yard ; 2| yards wide, 2S. 4|d. per yard
(the most durable article made). Roller Towelling, 18 inches wide, 3id. per yard,
Surplice Linen, 7d. per yard. Dusters, la. lO^d. per dozen. Glass Cloths.
4S. 4d. per dozen. Fine Linens and Linen Diapers, Sjd. per yard. Nursery
Diaper, Sjd. per yard. Send for samples, post-free, to Belfast.

■"IRISH DAMASK TABLE LINEN.— Fish Napkins, 2s.U. per dozen. Dinner Napkins,

* per dozen. Table Cloths, 2 yards square, 2S. 9d. each ; 2^ yards by 3 yards, 6s. 6d. each. Kitchen Table Cloths, 11^(1.

Monograms, Crests, Coats of Arms, Initials, &:e..

1 and embroidered.

4s. 6i.

each. Strong

Send for samples, post-

ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.

HANDKERCHIEFS

By Special Appointments to H.M. the Queen and
H,I, and R,H. the Crown Princess of Germany,

510

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBEE 22, 1887.

NEW ARCHANGEL MATS,— RUSSIA
MATS of all descriptions, EAFFIA FIBRE. TOBACCO
RAO and PAPEK. supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices Ihon
any other firm this season.— MARENDAZ and FISHEK, 9 niiii
10. James Street. Covent Garden. W.C.

/GARDEN REQUISITES. — sticks, Labels,

vJT Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats. Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work,

Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of

WATSON AND SCITLL, 90. Lower Thames Street. London. E.C.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PF.TERSBITRG, and PACKING
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH. RAFFIA. PEAT
LOAM. SILVER SAND and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & CO.. 129, Commercial Street,

SpitaltieliN. Lomtoii. E

HENRY hope;

Horticultural Builder and
Hot-water Engineer,

^P 65, Lionel St., Birmingliam.

Plan3 and Estimates on
application.
(1 Workmen sent to nny pnrt of the Kingdom.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironworlc, Wood, or Stone.

(Regidtered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the coat.

Used in all liOndon Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,

and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood

the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be

applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6rf. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station. Is. 8t£. per gallon in casks of 3l?, 20. or
10 gallons.

ri A Tjn^T f\ A7 Every cask bears the above Registered

^-^ t/-/. J l/-iV. Trade Mark. Beware of cheap
imitations.

HILL & SMITH,

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47. Dawson Street. Dublin.

Kosher'a Garden Edging Tiles.

''HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited fur
^ KITCHEN GARDENS ,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little
and once put down iucur
further labour or expense,
do " grown " Edgings,
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, 3.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEVS PATEaNT READED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles

Of aU kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchauta.

See Addresses above.

SI L ~y E K S A N D ,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
PiU to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above,

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to WharveB.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

PORTAELL CUCUMBER FRAMES
1> H \ J i I n V \ AND CO dtsire to

AV« draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the t)est materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 -p i ■„„ ( 3 10 0
.?-lightframe. I2feetby6feet^p^^f'^'"fJ 5 5 0
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet 1 ^^^^ ^^^^ ( 10 0 0
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothonse Builders and Engineers.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, JUDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SEELTON, Seedsman, &c.,

2, Holloway Road. N.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Arc confidently recommended as a simple but certain
revicdy for

^INDIGESTION -^

See TeBtimonial, selected irom. hundreds:—

CROYDON, iSSs.
" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, J am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all siffering from the same.
" J. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, sec Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. ijrf., 2s. gd. and lis.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Rjiilway Accidents. Employer's Liability, insured .laainst by the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASStJRANCE
CO.MPANY. 64. Cornhill. London. Income £246.000.
Compensation paid lor 118,000 accidents, £3,3.W,000. Modc-
rato Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman. Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West Eud Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buldings, W.C. ; Head
Office. 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary.

PARTNERSHIP. — A Nurseryman in the
South of England, having two well-stocked Nurseries, is
anxious to take a thoroughly energetic and trustworthy
Partner who has a knowledge of the trade. Will prove a
really good investment to a business man with a moderate
capital. Established over thirty years. — For particulars
apply to Messrs. WEEKS A>n WATTS. Wokingham. Berks.
No agents need apply.

PARTNER. — A Gentleman with Small
Capital is desirous of a Partnership in Nursery or Market
Garden combined. Must bear fullest investigation.— Particu-
lars which will be treated confidentially, to be sent to
EDWARD T. PARKER, 39, 1 road Street. Bristol.

PARTNERSHIP WANTED, with Market
Grower or Nurseryman, by an experienced and pmcticil
man. Small Capital only.— W., 9, Eastbourne Road. Btrkdale,
Southport.

ANTED, a married Man, as ME^UJ

WORKING GARDENER.— X., Messrs. W. H. Smith k
nion Street. Birmingham.

w

w

Surrey.

ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER.—Apply, by letter, Runfold I/adge, Farnham,

WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER; married, small family. Surplus produce
grown for Market. Applicants must be experienced in Vine
Culture, and Orchard House Management, Jkc. Wages, 2\$. a
week ; small cottaee and coal found. No perquisites. — Apply,
giving age, references, &c., to A. B., Wain Vaur, Newport,
Monmouthshire.

WANTED, MAN and WIFE— man as Gar-
dener, wife as Laundress — without encumbrances.
Wages, 25s. per week with house, coal, and gas. Good testi-
monials indispensable. — Apply, stating age. in own hand-
writing, to STEPHEN HOL.\LVN, Cornwall House, Ealing, W.

Fruit Tree Foreman.

WANTED, for a very extensive Provincial
Nursery, an experienced and thoroughly practical
MAN, with a good knowledge of Fruit and Fruit Tree Culture,
— Apply, stating age. and where previously employed, to
A. U.. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

WANTED, a married Man, as PROPA-
GATOR and GROWER of Plants and Cut Flowers for
Market.— PARROTT BROTHERS. Manor Nursery. Normandy,

WANTED, a FOREMAN GROWER of
Itoses and Cut Flowers for M.arket.— H. DICKINSON,
Shardlow. near Derby.

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a qualified and
conscientious Man to act as BOOK-KEEPER, CORr
RESPONDENT, and SALESMAN. Must have thorou.^h know-
ledge of Plants, Shrubs, and Seeds, of all descriptions. He
■would be expected to take the lead in absence of Principal.
Also Junior Hand as SHOPMAN.to assist in Office Work ; with
fair knowledge of Plants and Shrubs, capable at Bouquets and.
Wreaths preferred.— Apply, by letter only, enclosing copies of
testimonials and stating all particulars, to T. W. EDMUNDS,
Westerham Nursery and Seed Company, Westerham, Kent,

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, an OVER-
SEER and SALESMAN. &c.. for Nursery of about
50 acres, w ith Glass. Must be a thoroughly practical and ener-
getic man of exceptional integrity.— State a^e, experience,
salary, and references, to D.E.. Ij3i. King's Road. Chelsea.S.W.

WANTED, a CLERK for a Provincial
Nursery, with some knowledge of the Business and
who would make himself generally useful. Knowledge of
Shorthand a recommendation. — Reply, stating age. experience,
and salarv expected, to C. S.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

WANTED, a CLERK and BOOK-KEEPER.
One who understands the I'r.ide.- HY. CLARKE A.tD
SONS. 39. King Street, Cuvent Garden, W.C.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL OliDEIi.S.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others.—It is i>eri/ important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in pat/able to ^'o. 42, DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as. unless the number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B. -The best and safest mea7is of Rjiuitting k by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addressed "Paste Restante" to initials or to fictitiotts
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the
uriters.

XOl'/CE TO ADVERT ISERS.—In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Adv.niiemints are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by yjhich to idtntify the sender ; this
in all cases cames a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be ilentified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Xames and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
tc— St. .lohii's Nurseries. Worcester.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to ril and 238, High Holbom. W.C.

October 22, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

511

SCOTCH GARDENERS.

— JoHif DoWNlE, Seedsman, H4, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on hia List a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re- engagements. He will be pleased to
supply full purticultirs to any Lady, Nobleman, or QentlemaD
requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener.

SCOTCH GAKDENERS.— Several very supe-
rior SIEX on our Books, whom we can recommend with
utmost confidence. Established 1717.— AUSTIN and MoAS-
LAN. NurserymenaudSeedsmen, 16, BuchananStroet.Gla-iRow.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAJNG AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every couti-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situatious, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHN LAING

AND SONS. The Nun

. Forest Hill. S.E.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited. The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston. near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
" " s capable of Miinaging Large

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.
AT ANAGER or GARDENER.— Middle-aged,

IjX single; energetic. Thoroughly experienced in all branches
of the profession — the Rearing of Arboreous Trees, Manage-
ment of Woods and Plantations, and the Laying-out of Pleasure
Grounds and Ground Work generally. Good references. — R. C,
Gardener:^' CAroniWe Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C^.

pARDENER (Head) —

yjT good experience in Garden a

Age 36, married ;

id -Houses. Has also been

Foreman and Grower in a Nursery.

Good character.— C, 14,

Sidney Road, Stockwell, S.W.

GARDENER (Head) ; middle-aged, married,
two girls —Capt. J. H. PLATT, Dene Pa: k, Tunbridge,
wishes to recommend his Gardener, G. Hubbard, to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical
man. Good cliaracter.

ARDENERTTHead) ; age 34, married.— A

Gentleman desires to recommend his late Head Gar-
dener as a thorougli practical man, capable of Managing a
First-classs Establishment. Eighteen^ years' experience, three
in last pUce.— J. RAGGETT, H.Rundelt Road, Paddington.W,

f^ ARDENER (Head) ; age 29. — Sydney

\JT BuHGESS, for the last four years Gardener to G. J.
Mitchell, Esq., Lessness, Abbeywood, Kent, is now open to
engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical
Gardener in all branches. Can be very highly recommended
from the above and previous places. — Address as above.

AKDENEK (Head).— A Gentleman

strongly recommends his Gardener, with twenty years'
experience, to any one requiring a first-class man. He is an
expert at Fruit Growing, and an excellent Plantsman; good
Flower and Kitchen Gardener.— S. W., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. -

GJ_ ARDENER (Head); age 32. married, no
r family.— W. .1. Irelaxd, Gardener to Lord St. Oswald,
and previously with the Marquis of Headfort, offers his services
to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a first- class Gardener
for an extensive establishment. Leaving present situation at
own request. Testimonials of the highest order. — Nosteli
Priory, Wakefield.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— Geo. Smith,

Gardener, The Street. Chorley, Lancashire, will be
pleased to recommend his Foreman, R. Bateman, to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trnstwortliy man.
First-class experience in several leading establishments, in-
cluding Worksop Manor, Enville Hall, Eastnor Castle, &,c.
Land and Stock if required.

ARDEiNEH (Head Working).— Age 36;

married. Total abstainer. Twenty years' experience
in all branches. Excellent references for ability and character.
GARDENER. Crow Nest Park. Lightcliffe. Halifax, Yorkshire.

GARDENER (Head Working), where four
or more are kept.— Age 32 ; eighteen years' experience
in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables ;
also Flower and Kitchen Garden. Excellent character and
references. — CHARUlS ARTHUR TOLLY. Cowley, near
Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed).— Single ; experienced both in Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. Total abstainer. —
H. TOMS. F. Pelbam. Buntingford, Herts.

GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and
BAILIFF.— No family ; thorough practical man. well up
in every branch of the profession. Excellent character and
references.- J. L., Mrs. Williams, 1, Belcher's Lane, Bordersly
Green. Birmingham.

GARDENER. Private, or otherwise.— Age 21 ;
seven and a half years in the Trade, and one in priv.ite
service. Excellent character. Abstainer.— B. LENTON,
Mission Hall. Upton Park. Essex.

& ARDENER; married, one child.— A Lady
wishes to recommend a steady, industrious, and com-
petent man, single-handed. Thoroughly understands FIowi rs.
Vine-;. &c., and Kitche.i Garden, Good characterfrom present
anplover. Family removing.— A. WHIBLEY, Abbey Lodge,
Mertob Abbey, S.W.

pi ARDENER, with one, two, or three under
\X him; age 30. married, four children. — A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses. Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes. Melons, Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (experienced).— Can Fix Pipes
and Stoves. Good rough Carpenter. — J. STOCKER,
4. Hearn Road. Strand-on-Green, Chiswick, S.W.

C ^ARDENER (Second, or Single-handed),
X and willing to be otherwise useful.— Age 30; several
years' experience. Good testimonials.— WEBB, Sadler's Lane.
King Street, Wokingham.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed).—
Thoroughly understands Plant Growing and Forcing.
Twelve years' experience. Good chamcter.— G. P., Wool-
hampon House, near Reading.

ARDENER (Second), in the Houses, or

Inside and Out.— Eight years' experience. Two years'
good character. Highly recommended.— G. L., F. Price, Ewull
Road, Surbiton, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second), age 24; nine years'
experience. — Henry Cross, Gardener, WooJcote Hall,
Newport, Sp,lop, will be pleased to recommend a thoroughly
trustworthy man as above.

AKDENER (Second), or JOUKNKYMAN.

— Age 23 ; seven years' experience Inside and Out.
Excellent character. AbsUiiner. — A. HAWICES, Widford.
Chelmsford, Essex.

ARDENER (good Under).— Age 25 ; good

knowledge of Plant Work, &c. iive years in one place.
Abstainer.— H. C, Mr. Meadows. St. .Tames' Lane, Muswell
Hill, N.

ARDENER (Under), in Nursery or Gentle-

mau's Garden.- Young; seven years in Nursery, Good
character.— WILLIAM LAPrt'ORTH, Hillingdon Heath, near
Uxbridge, Middlesex.

G GARDENER (Under)' in the Houses, or
m good Inside and Out. — Good character from present
employer, three years from previous. — H, J. LANE, 8, Castle
Place. Wellington, Hounslow, Midelesex.

ARDENER (Under), in Stove and Green-

houses. — Age 27 ; experieo,ced in Propagating. Good
references. Six years in last situation, five years previous
in a Nursery. Abstainer. — W. TAYLOR, 17, Alpliington
Street, Exeter.

AKDENEK (Undkh), and COWMAN.—

Age 23; respectable. Used to Lawn and Kitchen Gar-
den. Has a knowledge of Indoor work. Can be Tvell recom-
mended. Five years' experience. — L. B., 41, Ravensbourne
Street, St. John's, S.E.

UUREMAN ; age 27.— He.n-hy Postance can

X be well recommended. — K. GILBERT, Burghley,
Stamford.

OREMAN.— Used to Mansion Decoration

and Gardening in all its branches. Good references from
last and previous employers. — C. BULL, Frunlvs, Dartford.

OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 25 j twelve

yeara' experience in three large establishments, four in
last place. Well recommended as to personal character and
abilities from all previous employers.— CLARK, 1, Leicester
Terrace. Knutfield, RedhJll, Surrey.

Tj^OREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN (Eirst) in

JL the Houses in a good establishment. — Age 2-1 ; eight years'
experience. Total abstainer. Good testimonials by applying
to Mr. J. Beale. Head Gardener. — FREDERICK PARKER,
Woodhall Gardens, Hertford. Herts.

FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN, in" a large
establishment.— Age 23; good reference. — W. Ellis,
The Garden, Pepper Arden, Northallerton, -will be glad to
recommend a young man as above.

/GENERAL PROPAGATOR, or PROPA-

VX GATOR and FOREMAN.— Middle-aged; thorough ex-
perience. Well up at Market Work. — H. VV., 7, Dacre Street,
Lee, S.E.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age -'i ;

well up in Propagation of Clematis. Ro^es, General Hard
and Soft-wooded Plants. Good reference. —JOSEPH HOLMES,
Post-ofl5ce, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey.

ROPAGATOR (Second), in a good establish-

ment. — Age 20; well up in Rhododendrons, Conifera?,
Roses, &c. Four and a half years' reference. — Apply, with
terms, BRIGOS. Nurseries, Fraiit Road. Tunbridge Wells.

To Nurserymen and Market Growers.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant).— Age 22 ; well
up in Hard and Soft-wooded Propagation, &c. Good
character. Can be highly recommended.- R.-LAWRENCE,
Floral Nurseries. Maidenhead, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a
good establishment. — Age 21 ; good experience. Highly
recommended.— A., 14. Sidney Road. .Stockwell, S.W. '

OURNEYMAN (Under); Inside preferred.

-Age 22; can be well recommended.— J. T. BARRON,
The Gardens, Normanby Hall, Middlesborough-on-Tees.

TMPROVER, or THHiD JOURNEYMAN,

JL Inside. — I can with confidence recommend a young man
rape 201; strong, active, and obliging. Strictly temperate. —
HEAD GARDENER, 'Ihe Rookery, Naiitwi.h. Cheshire.

TMPROVER, in the Garden.— Age 18; four

A years' character. Bothy preferred. — J. HANCOCK,
Holmbury. Dorking.

To Gardeners.
TJIPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 20 ; over
-1- tiiree years' experience. Good character and well recom-
mended.— S. R. WOOLSTON, 172, Spa Road, Bermondsey, S.E.

0 GENTLEMEN GROWING for

MARKET and PRIVATE.— A first-class Man now open
toengage. Capabilitiesforalldepartments. Testimonialstothat
effect.— GABDENEE, 324, Goldhawk Road, Hammersmith, W.

TO NURSERYMEN. — Wanted, a situation
by a thoroughly experienced Man, for the last five year*
Manager at ,T. Hewitt & Co.'s Nursery, Solihull. Fir»t-class
references. Abstainer.— A. J. TEMPLE, Solihull, near
Birmingham.

''pO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation in

-1- a Market Nursery. Five years' experieuce in good
leading firms. Prefer to be under a good Foreman. — W. J^.,
7, Faversham Terrace. High Street, North Fiuchlcy.

O NURSERYMEN, &c.— W. Hannaford

& Son, Nurserymen. Teignmouth, can highly recommend
a young man (age 19) who has been in their employ three and
a half years. Understands Glass and General Work.

''ro GARDENERS, &c.— A Lady recommends

JL a strong Lad of 16, to work under a Gardener and make
himself generally useful. Board and lodgings of more conse-
quence than wages the first year. — MissBARLEE, 14, Oxford
Road, Ealing.

'yO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS. —

JL Wanted by a young man (age 20) a situation to Learn
the Trade of a Nurseryman and Florist.— FRANK BEEVERS,
Arthington, near Leeds, Yorkshire.

''PO GARDENERS.— Wanted to place a Boy,

-L age 15}, in a good Garden. Please state «ages given and
Premium required.— GARDENER, Henleade Park, Westbury-
on-Trym, near Bristol.

SSISTANT, or LABOURER under a Gar-

dener. — Age 25 ; married. Has a little experience in

Gardening.— ROBERT MILNER, U. Eastgate, South Driffield.

NURSERY MANAGER, EOR,EMAN, or
SALESJIAN. — Age Si; twenty yeara' practical expe-
rience in all branches of the business.— iU-lNAGER, Heath
Moortown. ieeds.

To Norserymen, Florists, and Seedsmen.

MANAGER, or Otherwise. — Uesires an en-
gagement. Can introduce an invaluable Manure, which
will find an early sale. First-clasd references. — A., 78, Pevensey
Itoad. Eastbourne.

Seed and Nursery Trade.

MANAGER, or TRAVELLER.— Age 28 ;
thirteen years' experience in all branches. Highest
references.— A. W., .'13. Dean Street. Brighton.

Seed Trade"

MANAGER, BOOK-KEEPER, or
TRAVELLER.— Age 29; fourteen years' first-class ex-
perience in London and Provinces. For the past four years as
Clerk and Traveller in one of the largest Wholesale Houses in
London. — R., 19, Lome Road, Forest Gate, London, E.

SHOPMAN.— Age 32; fifteen years' expe-
rience in first-class houses. TInexccptional references,
Would have no objection to Travel.— B. C, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C.

SHOPMAN. — Age 22 ; nine years' first-class
practical experience. Thorough knowledge of Seeds,
Tools, Bulbs, and Sundries. — B., 4, Pound Villas, Pound Road,
Banatead, Surrey.

' Agricultural Seed Trade, &c.

SHOPMAN or WAREHOUSEMAN.—
Age 26 ; thorough knowledge of the business. Desires
re- engagement. Unexceptionable reference. — WM. MURRAY,
Clarke Cottage. North Street. Montrose. Scotland.

CHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five

O years' experience. Good knowledge of Plant and Sied
Trade. Good references.— .TNO. HARDING. St. Neots, Hunts.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; six
years experience ; excellent references. — J. H., K. B.
Laird & Sons, Ediuburgh.

SHOPM.AN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 25; nine
years' experience in leading houses. Familiar with
every detail of business routine. Accustomed to a brisk Counter
Trade. Good Correspondent. Conversant with Nursery Stock.
Reference assuredly recommendatory.— AD\'ERTISEK, Messrs.
R. B. Laird & Sons. Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 20 ; for
reference apply to W. & J. Brown, Seedsmen and Florists,
Stamford.— J. C. .'B. St. Pi'ter's .Street. Stamford.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 24? nine years'
experience in all branches of the Trade. First-clasa
references. — A. B.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, -11, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

Nursery and Seed Trade.
13 OOK-KEEPER and CASHIER.—

XJ Thoroughly experienced, desires engagement. First-
class testimonials.— X. X.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street. Strand. W.G.

SHORTHAND WRITER and BOOK-

O KEEPER,— Age 23; good Shorthand Writer and Book-
keeper, with six years' experience in the Gardens, desires
situation. Good references. Abstainer.- J. TURNER, The
Gardens, White^^ham, Denholme, Bradford.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS —
Coughs, Influenza.— The soothing properties of these
medicaments render them well vrorthy of trial in all diseases
of the respiratory organs. In common colds and influenza the
Pills, taken internally, and the Ointment rubbed over the chest
and throat, are exceedingly efficacious. When influenza 's
epidemic this treatment is the easiest, safest and surest.
Holloway's Pills purify the blood, remove all obstacles to ils
free circulation through the lungs, relieve the over-gorged air
tubes, and render respiration free, -witliout reducing the
strength, irritating the nerves, or depressing the spirits; such
are the ready means of escaping from suffering when afllcted
with colds, coughs, bronchitis and other chest complaints, by
which the health of so many is seriously and permanently
injured in most countries.

512

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[October 22, 1887.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS &. SON,

THE NUESERIES. SAWBEIDGWORTH, HERTS.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST KOSES,

The BEST CAMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS. &c..

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHRUBS,

The BEST PARK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUIT TREES and GRAPE VINES,

The BEST SEEDS, &c..

May be !

nd Purcha,sed at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAULS NURSERIES.

WALTHAM CROSS

(near " Waltham Cros3 " Station, Great Eastern Railway, half
An hour from London). Prices as low as possible. Inspection
invited. Priced CATALOGUES Free.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, contaming "Hints on Fern

Cultivation," Is.
SMALLER CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties,

including Descriptive " List of New, Rare, and

Choice Ferns," and " Hardy North Ajhebioam Ferns,"

free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NnRSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

ISAAC DAVIES & SON'S

PRICED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
ot General Nursery Stock. i«i<t free to all applicants.
They offer the largest collection in the world of

CHOICE HYBRID RHODODENDRONS
and AZALEAS, containinf: a great number of their own
raising (the result of fifty years' careful hybridising of numerous
species), and also a good stock of the best kinds of other

QWEET-SCENTED RHODODENDRONS

O are this season in line condition, and well set with buds.
They hold also 30.001)

AZALEA MOLLIS SEEDLINGS,
raised from the best varieties, each colour kept separate ;
and can supply fine bushy plants, 10 to 25 bads, 8s. to 9s. per
dozen ; 50i. to laOs. per 100.

OBMSKIRK, near LIVERPOOL.
NEW FLOWERING and FRUITING COVERT PLANT,

ROSA RUGOSA.

ONE of the finest I lardy and Ornamental
Berried Shrubs, recently introduced from Japan. Valuable
Covert Plant in Game Preserves and Woods. Forms a dense
bu!*h between 4 and 5 feet high, clothed with luxuriant foliage,
and produces annually an abundant crop of large hips and
perfect seeds, which are greedily devoursd by pheasants and
other birds. Rabbits cannot touch it, owing to its bristly bark.
For particulars and price apply to

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,

CARLISLE.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptioe List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.—
Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 40s. per 100. Abies
Douglasii, 1 year, 205. per 1000. Abies orientalis. 8 to 9 inch, 12s.
per 100. American Arbor-vitas, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni, 12 to 15 inches, 60.5. per lOiiri, Cuprpsi^us
erecta viridis, 6 to 8 Inches, 40s. per innn, tu.. 1 tn i ; foot,
extra, 10s. per 100. Cupressus etricta. li i ^ ' ■ I ' P'T
1000; ditto, 1 to 1^ foot. 12s. per lOii. ', ,r, (,,9

inches. 6s. per 100; ditto, 12 inches 1- !■ '"'Lis

inaignis, 1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus Ccmbi.i, _ }■ ai-. 1,'.. pt.r
1000. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 years, 6s. per lOO. Pinus excelsa,
1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis, 1 year, 5s. per 100.
Retinospora plumosa. 10 to 32 inches, 10s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa, 6 to 8 inches. 4s. per lOO ; ditto, 10 inches, 85. per
100. Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 40s. per 1000. Thuiopsis
dolabrata, 6 to 8 inchefc 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 12 inches, fine, 12s.
per 100. Yew, English,- 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Common Laurel. 12 to 14
inches, 35.?. per 1000, Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inches,
50j. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 inches, 30s. per 1000.

GABLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

STRAWBERRIES.

jiots. his. per 100;
1 LIST free,
rymen and Seed

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

Th.

tude that

: lljp Clapton Nursery is o[ mi
witliijut si'eiug it it is not easy to form uii aii.'iiu;ite eouception
of its unprecedented extent.

FRUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,

BOUVAKDI.iS. CYCLAMENS. ERICAS. EI'ACKIS. I'KI.MU-
LAS, SOLANUMS. TREE CAKNATIONS, and other

WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS,

Of fine quality and immense numbers.

Inspection Invitkd.

The Glass Structures cover an area of 27-1.600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

GENUINE — RELIABLE.

JARMAN'S BULBS.

Collection No. 3, 1000 Choice Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, 2\s. delivered free.
Large Illustrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(REGISTRRELI),

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

MTTRtlf

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

.1 HHEAL&.QONS

^M%9 Crawley, \S Sussex..

>Ji^ ^^^-*^«^

CUTBUSM'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel {Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post, \s.

Nt me genuine unless in sealed pack-
> mill printed cultural directions
I'^ed, with our signature attached.
WM. C U T B U S H AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchant,'*. Hitfheate Ni;

suiyTiNG Season

' UNEQUALLED FOR
'QUALITY"

"YAItlETY"
* "EXTENT."

PRICED CATALOGUES & ALL
PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION.

'James Dickson & Sons"

"KEWTQK" Nurseries,

Cliester*.

J. GHARLESWORTH,

HEATOX, }'>RA1>F0RD,

ORCHID IMPORTER AND GROWER.

Larffe Stoth of all Leading Sorts.
INSPECTION INVITED.

DUTCH AND OTHER:

FLOWERING BULBS.

Superb qualities^ at moderate prices.

Large Collections of all the very best varieties of Hyacinths,
Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissi, Lilies, Snowdrops, &c.

Priced CATALOGUE post-free on applicatio7i.

AUTUMN PLANTING.

THE past dry spring and summer encourages
Autumn Plailting. <inil we iuvite inspection of our im-
mense stock ot Hardy FOREST TREES tor Profit. Ornament.
Shelter and Game, at moderate prices. Particulars on ap-
plication.

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Wood Foresters for Crown Lands. Nurserymen and Seedsmen to
H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

CARLISLE.

BULBS.

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application,

RIGHARD SMITH & GO.,

NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
VOBCESTEB.

IFRCFYFRUIT TREES.

\I ^ r\ \^ ^ I Carriage Paid. Cordons a specialite.

CATALOGUES.

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEBEFOBD

{E.stabUshed 1785).

JOHN GRANSTON & GO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,
FOREST TREES,
RHODODENDRONS,
CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers loill be made for Large Contracts.

lents and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Offlce, 41. Wellington Street, Covent
J & Co., Lombard Strajt, Precinct of Whitetnars, City of London, in the County ofMiJdlcae:
•aid WULLlAM RiOHAaDS. at the Offlce, 41, WeUiogtOQ Street, Parish of St. Pauls, Oovent Qard

den. London, W.C.

^^ _ ^ _ d published by the

^e said County.— Saturday, October 32. 1887. Agent tor Manchester — JoHK HktwoOD.

Established

No. 2444.

No. 44.-V0L. II. {iz:,}

SATURDAY, OCTOBEE 29, 1887.

Newspaper.! Price 3d>

\ Post-free, S'd.

CONTENTS.

Apiary, the

Asparagus Chicory

Bulb gartieu, the

Cape, a month at the ...
Caspary, Professor, the

late

Chrysanthemuma at Mr.

Stevens'

Cueliopsis hyacinthosma
Cul tural memoranda . . .
Ferns, our native
Foreign correspondence

Forestry

Fossil tree, a large
Fruits uncer glass
Gardening appointments
Grape disease, a new ...

Hailstones

Hardy fruit garden, the

„ plants, grouping ...

Monograph of the Ampe-

Nepenthes

Obituarv :-

Gale.G..

vlindri

Oncidium Hookeri
Orchid houses, the
Orchid nomenclature ...

Palm, moncecious Date...

Pears, October

Plant food

Plants and their culture

Potato scab

Potatos, heavy yield of ...
Rock garden, the
Saxifraga ligulata var.

ciliata

Scotland

Smyrna, vegetable pro-

al Chrysanthe-

Natic

Royal Horticultural ...
Sterubergia lutea
Swarming and queen

Theophrasta Jussiffii
Tomato disease, a
Vines and Vine culture...

Weather, the

Wheat crop oE 18S7

Illustrations.

Hibiscus rosa sinens
Nepenthes cylindricj
Saiifraga ciiiata ...

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

rSB GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1887.
W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the "Gardeners Chronicle'^ from, January 1
of this year are still to be had.

C

RYSTAL TALAC

GRE.IT CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW,
NOVEMBER 4 and 5. Entries Close this day.
Schedules on application to
. HE.iD. Garden Superintendent, Crystal Palace, S.E.

B

KIGHTON and HOVE

CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.

Entries Close November 3.
1 application to

KINGSTONandSURBITON
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The ELEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held in
the Drill Hall. Kingston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY',
November 8 and 9, ^^ hen, in addition to valuable Money Prizes,
the Champion Challenge Vase, value 25 Guineas, will be
offered. Entries Close November 3. Schedules and further

■"r.fr^ad" Kingston-on-Thames. T- JACKSON, Hon. Sec.

WESTO N-SUPER-MARE
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The THIRD ANNUAL EXHIBITION of FLOWERS, FRUTT,
and VEGETABLES, wiU be held in the Victoria Hall, Weston-
super-Mare, on WEDNESDAY, November 9. Entries Close
ember 5. W. H. VANES and [ Hon. Sees, and

We

n-super-Mare. SIDNEY LEWIS, ( Treasurers.

PIIE BATH CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW,

X NOVEMBER 9 and 10, 1887. For Prize Schedules, apply
"l4, MUsom Street, Bath. ™NJ. PEARSON, Secretary.

Notice— Change of Address.

ACATTAXEO, Flower and Fbott Sales-
• MAN (late of 44, Hart Street, Covent Garden, W.C),
has REMOVED to

9, BURLEIGH STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.

ARDY ALPINE and HERBACEOUS

PLANTS.— Senil tor a CATALOGUE.
T. SMTTH, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry.

''PRITELEIA UNIFLURA, Blooming Roots,

JL h$. per 1000.

DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLETS, Purple or White, 20s. per 1000.
BLUE GRAPE HYACINTHS, ^s. per 1000.

HOP WOOD, Belle Vue Nursery. Cheltenham.

H

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem. Holland, beg to offer CUIONO-
DOX-1 LUCILliE (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY
CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustav A. Schultz,
Berlin. For price wTite to

JACOB AND VALENTIN. 56. Cheapside, London, E.G.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, theirPriced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old varieties.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latjinia borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamffirops eicelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per prir.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

RASPBERRY CANES, selected Fastolf, 30s. ;
strong Carter's, 40s. per 1000.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS, Sir Joseph Paiton, 12s. per 1000.
Terms cash.
R. BATH. Osborne Farm, Wisbeach.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287. 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" CO.MMISSION, SIDCUP."

EUCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS, G-\R-
DENIAS. &e.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed tor
good and well-packed Blooms of above. Also Marie Louise
PEARS.— WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W. C

UT FLOWERS PURCHASED. — Cash

remittance following day.— MOYSES STEVENS. Florist.
22, Stockbridge Terrace, Victoria Street, W., and 44, Westow
Hill, Upper Norwood, S.E.

WT" ANTED, large quantity of White Roman

HYACINTH BULBS.— Price, &c.. to

, Willingham, Cambs.

H. CHAPELOW, The Vii

T.llliiTn auratiun- Imported Bulbs.

WANTED, a very Large Quantity.
Special offers to be sent to
MICHAEL RAINS a.nd CO., New Bulb Warehouses, 34,
Mansell Street, Aldgate, City, E.C

WANTED, Rooted Layers, named CARNA-
TIONS. PICOTEES, SHOW PINKS, HEPATICAS,
Double VIOLETS, clumps ; Double Crimson PRIMROSES ;
Double, Fancy, and Pompon DAHLIAS ; GLOXINIAS, ACHI-
MENES, TYD^AS, HERBACEOUS PLANTS, clumps; named
Gold-laced POLYANTHUS, various FLORIST FLOWERS;
Autumn and Summer Fruiting Yellow RASPBERRY CANES ;
Variegated IVIES, named HOLLYHOCKS, IRISES, and Fancy
Tricolor GERANIUMS.— Address, Z. Z., Office of this paper,
with lowest Cash price per 100.

WANTED, a CART for TRANSPLANTING
TREES in the neighbourhood of London. Horses not
required, but a Man of extensive experience in Moving Trees
might be acceptable. The Vehicle must be one constructed
■with all the Winding Appliances for Lifting Trees.

Reply by letter, describing Vehicle and the terms for hire,
to G., 198, Herbert Road. Woolwich.

SUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,
containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and post-free to
intending purchasers.

SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
Now on \'ie\v. all the recent Novelties, many promising
Seedlings, and all old Standard varieties. Tlie most complete
Collection in the Trade. LIST Gratis. Inspection invited.
Railway Station, Forest Hill, and Catford Bridge.
JOHN LAING AND SONS. Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

pHRISTMAS ROSES

KJ (HELLEBORUS NIGER).

Enormous clumps, full of flower-buds. Splendid healthy
foliage, 13 inches in height, in two sizes, just ready for
forcing, if required. Send for samples and prices. Also
Imported Crowns, just coming to hand, very cheap.

WATKINS AKD SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

''PHE IRREPRESSIBLE BRAMBLE,

X WILSON, JUNR.— We have a fine stock at Glenfiel.l, oi
home-grown Plants, at 6s. per dozen, cash with order, carriage
and packing free. The indications are that all will be wanted,
and more ; these are certain to grow and do well. If we are
compelled to import, we shall quote at Buyer's risk. RASP-
BERRIES a specialty.

CATALOGUE of Choice Novelties in these and other fruits
gratis and post-free.

VICCARS COLLYER and CO., Central HaU, Leicester.

BULB.'S. — HYACINTHS, 9d. for 6 ; three
colours, and splendid bulbs, lit for glasses. TULIPS,
Double and Due Van ThoUs, 6rf. per dozen ; Single, id. per do?:.
POLYANTHUS, NARCISSUS, and Double NARCISSUS, also
IRIS. 9i. per dozen. ANEMONES and RANUNCULUS, Id.
per dozen. CROCUS, Is. per 100. Forwarded to all parts.
JOHN WARD, Devonport.

To the Trade only.

CAPE BULBS.— The Botanic Gardens, Cape
Town, are Booking Orders tor delivery in February, 1888.
FREESIA and DISA a specialty.

A. F. BAXTER, Sales Department.

ARR'S SELECTED BULBS

have gained many Medals and Prizes I Prices moderate 1
Quality unsurpassed 1 Full descriptive Catalogue free on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BABR AND SON. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

AUL AND SON'S Rose CATALOGUE,

and also the Descriptive Fruit and Tree LISTS, are now
ready. Post-free from

The "Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt, N.

CARNATION " MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE."
— A sterling novelty. See Large Advertisement in issue
of Sept. 10, 1S87. CATALOGUES on application.
JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

ARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good
colour, showing flower-bud, and absolutely clean, in
5 and 6-inch pots, 21s. to 30s. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH AND CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

AIDENHAIR FERN, 6^ p^^ dozen

bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames.

Grandest Violet ever Offered.

MR. J. CHAMBERS, Westlake Nurseries,
Isleworth, London, W., is now sending out his New
Double VIOLET " VICTORIA." Strong Planty, full of flower-
buds, at Is, 6rf. each, or 18s. per dozen, free by post. All orders
to be accompanied with remittance. Trade price on application.
First-class Certiticate Royal Horticultural Society , April 12, 1 887.

The New Raspberry.

LORD BEACUNSFIELD.
(A Seedling.)
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever knowa. First-
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canes, £3 per 100; 9s. per dozen. Smaller Canes, 6*.
per dozen.

Trade supplied. Cash with order.

A. FAULKNOR. lukpen, Hungerford.

M

514

THE GABDENEBS' GHRONICLE.

[OCTOBEB 29, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulb3-Bulb3-Bulb3.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Roonn, 33, KingStreet, CoventGarden, W.C.,
every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morninp; of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday Next (Sale No. KA).
5000 LILIU.M AURATUM, from Japan, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 33, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on MONDIY NEXT, October 31, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, an Importation of 5000 grand Bulb of
LrLIU.M AURATU.M, just received direct from Japan, in the
finest po-^sible condition ; an immense assortment of Home-
grown LILIES, comprising most of the leading sorts; English-
grown NARCISSUS in quantity. Berlin LILY OF THE
VALLEY CROWNS, and a large Collection of Miscellaneous
BULBS and ROOTS, including many rare species.

On view mornint; of Sale, and Catalogues had.

■Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7.528.)
VALUABLE LVIPORIED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY N-EXT, November 2. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a splendid
lot of Imported and choice Established ORCHIDS, the whole
fine health and condition, comprising, amongst many

others, the followin_^
Sobralia xantholeuca
Odontoglossura mirar

,, sceptrum
Cattleya veluti

Sanderiana

Bowringeana
Schilleriana
superba splendens
Dowiana

d dssirable spei

Cymbidium Lowii
Colax jngosus
Lffilia cinnabarina
,, harpophylla
,, autumnalis atrorubens
Paphinia cristata
Angrrecum Leonii
Oncidium cheirophorum
Cipripedium Schlimii
Dendrobinm bigibbum
Mesospininium vulcanicum
Oncidium tigrinum in flower.
Odontoglossum grande with spikes.
Oncidium phalaaunpsis, Trichosma suavis, and other fine
Orchids.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

■Wednesday and Saturday Next.
FIRST-CL.ISS .STA.\DAKD and DWARF ROSES, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALES by AUCITON, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, r....i. I i,,t 1 ^ W.C, on WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY MX I J and 6, at half-past 12 o'clock pre-
eiselv .11 < Standard and Dwarf ROSES from
well-kn..\Mi i (;-,r 11 i.Liwers, several hundred AZALE.A
MOLLCS Hum i.iieiit, liOKDER PLANTS, Berlin LILY of the
VALLEY Crowns for Forcing. &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7529.)
VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS -will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, November 3, at halt-
past 12 o^Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth,
Carder &. Co., a fine lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXIL-
LARIUM, in splendid condition; CATTLEYA AUREA,
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANDR.E), the very best
type and in fine condition; ANGULOA RUCKERII, ON-
CIDIUM GLOBOLIFFERUM, O. KRAMERIANUM, O. WEL-
TONII (true), &c., &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud.

Mlt. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his neit SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS IN FLOWER
■will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, November 16th, and he will
be glad if gentlemen, desirous of entering Plants for thisSALE,
will send particulars as soon as possible.

Tree and other Ferns, &o.

MR. J. C. S'ri':VENS h.as received instruc-
tions from tin- Ag._.nt»(i..ner.al of the New Zealand and
Victorian Governments to SELL by AUCTION, at the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens. Cliiswick, about the middle of
KOVEMBEK, the remaining FERNS and other PLANTS from
the Colonial Exhibition, comprising Dicksonias, Cyatheas,
Alsophilas, Todeas, Trichomanes, Hymenophyllums, Asple-
~- Cycads, and other plants. Further particulars in

Bagshot, Surrey.

IMPORTANT SALE u( THiirSANDS of FRUIT TREES
HOLLIES. LAURELS. CONIFEKS. RHODODENDRONS,
AZALEAS, and a general assortment of HARDY SHRUBS,
and TREES, being the contents of an outlying Nursery for
absolute clearance.

To which will be added a very largo and varied stock of
most of the valuable NURSERY TREES and SHRUBS
in existence.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. Charles Noble to SELL by AUCTION on
the Premises, as above, situated half a mile from Sunuingdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY',

November 7, 3, and 9 ;
MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

November 21, 22, and 2.1 ;

MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

December 5, 6, and 7 ;

at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day.

_ May be viewed one week prior to Sale. Catalogues had

Catalogues.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call attention to their numerous Sales as
announced in the following advertisements.

They will be pleased to add to their permanent lists the
names of gentlemen desirous of receiving a regular supply of
Catalogues.

67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTi 11 nri.Bs. _ GREAT r.Niu:sEK\i;D sales.

MESSr.S. rKOTIIEROE AND .M(.iRllIS will
sell by ATCl'ION. at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 63. Chciipside. London. E.C. every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Caterham, Surrey.

THREE D.IY'S' CLE.ARANCE SALE of the whole of the
VALUABLE NURSERY STOCK. By order of the Execu-
tors of the late Mr. G. J. WooUett. Without reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
favoured with instructions from the Executors to SELL
by AUCTION on the Premises, the Nurseries, Caterham, Surrey,
on TUESDAY, November 1, and two following days, at
12 o'clock precisely each day, without reserve, the first portion,
comprising several acres of beautifully-grown NURSERY
STOCK, including the following :—

10,000 Common Laurels, 2 to
4^ feet
500 Portugal Laurels, 2 to
■Ifeet
2,000 Standard, Pyramid, and

Trained Fruit Trees
1,000 American Arbor-vitie,

1 to 6 feet

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, London, E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

1,000 Oval-leaved Privet
Thousands of Conifers, varying

in size, for effective

pliinting
Standard Trees, 12 to 15 feet
1,200 Clematis
600 English Yews

Tottenham, N.

ANNUAL SALE of remarkably well-grown NURSERY' STOCK,
HERBACEOUS PLANTS, and BULBS, by order of Mr. T.
S. Ware, for the growth of which he has gained so great a
reputation.

Important to the Trade and Private Buj'ers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
The Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, N., adji,iiiin» the Tot-
tenham Hale Station, Grcnt Fn-tiTii 1! nhv i . , ,n TUESDAY',
November 1, at 11 o'Clo.k pr.- - '■■ ■;, , ^nro of the

large number of lots, a ;:r it i ' Jly grown

and thriving NURSERY .Sill' K, - ,: i , , , nuiVfKoses,

of the best sorts ; 50O0 bu^hy u\ al-lcu r,l Ii-ulL, -J lu 5^ feet;
5000 Standard Ornamental Trees, including Planes. Poplars,
and Limes, with clean stems, and good heads ; oOOO Ornamen-
tal Conifers and Deciduous Shrubs, 10.000 Hardy Climbers, in
pots, all well grown ; 6000 Border and other Carnations, in
pots, amongst which are 2000 Pride of Penshurst; Tree Carna-
tions, in variety; 50,000 exceptionally strong Seakale and
Asparagus, for forcing ; 2000 Showy Herbaceous Plants. Bulbs.
St.andnril and Trained Fruit Trees; 5000 Gooseberries, Curr.-ints
and Rn-i' ,■; . I'll' 111 Crowns and Clumps Lily of tlie Valley,
forf..r. I , .if sorts: Narcissus, 5000 very strong

Chri-lm I- l: . I llullyhocks, 20UU Pyrethrums, Pivouies,

and oil 11 1 H. in- ti Hiierous to mention in an advertisement.

May brj . 1. ..,.1 .111., .lay prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.G., and Leytonstone, E.

N.B. — 'The Stick is in excellent condition and an inspection
is particularly invited.

Tuesday Next.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, CAMELLIAS. AZALEAS, DECO-
RATIVE PALMS, EXOTIC FERNS, HARDY EVERr
GREENS; FRUIT TREES, clean grown Standard and
DWARF ROSES ; and a fine .assortment of DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above, at the City Auction Rooms, .38 and 39,
Gracechurch Street. London. E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT,
November 1, at half-past 12 o'clock.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Ley-
tonstone.

Harrow, N.W.

Sale of well-grown NURSERY STOCK and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. Naylor to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, St. Hilda's Nursery, Roxeth, Harrow, on WED-
NESDAY, November 2, at 12 o'clock precisely, a large
quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, consisting of a
general assortment of Conifers and Evergreens, Roses, Fruit
'Trees. Greenhouse Plants in variety. Ferns, &c.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.,
and Leytonstone, E.

Wednesday Next.'

The Second Portion of the Extensive Stock of BULBOUS
PLANTS, comprising many rare varieties from the New
Plant and Bulb Company, in Liquidation (for ABSOLUTE
SALE, by order of the Official Receiver) ; 500 best named
Standard and Dwarf ROSES, AZALEAS, PALMS, and
other Plants, from Relgium ; FERNS, splendid Bulbs of
Viiriniia l.'i.i-li.h-L-rnwn LILIES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS

i" ' 11 lit, HYACINTHS, TULIPS, and other

I "I' : J bout 900 lots.

Mi:.- i:,i. r I ;uTHEROE AND MORRIS will
Sl.l.L II,.; ul.j.eby AUCTION, at Ihcir Central Sale
Booms, 67 and 63, Clieapside, London, E.G.. on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, November 2, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.

The New Plant and Bulb Company in Liquidation.
ABSOLUTE SALE, without the least reserve, by order of the

Ofhcial Receiver.

The SECOND PORTION of the extensive Stock of BULBOUS

PLANTS, comprising many rare varieties.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include the above in their SALE, on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, November 2.
On view morning of Sale, and Ciitaloirues had,

Seaford, Sussex.-On Thursday Next, November 3,

and not Wednejday, .as erroneously stated in last Saturday's

(Ten minutes' w.alk from the Railway Station.)
UNRESERVED SALE, the Land being required for other

purposes.

MESSES. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by R. Lambe, Esq., to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premiseg, the Blaohington Nur-ery, Seatord, on
THURSDAY NEXT, November 3, at 1] o'Clock precisely, 60,000
EUONYMUS, 1 to 3 feet, good bushy plants, acfmimbly
adapted for planting on the sea coast; Chinese ARBOR-
VIT.E ; CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, Hardv HERBACEOUS
PLANTS, &c.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises ; at the
Seaford Bay Hotel, Seaford; and of the Aiictionpers and
A'aluers. 67and68. Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leytonstone.

Sundridge, Kent.

By order of the Mortgagee, about 2^ miles from Brastead, and

4 miles from Sevenoakg and Dunton Green Stations.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises.
Mr. Cattell'3 Nursery, Ide Hill, Sundridge, Kent ( preceding
the Sale o£ the Nursery Stock), on FRIDAY, November 4,
at 12 o'clock punctually, the valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE,
possessing a commanding frontage to the road of about 360 feet
by a considerable depth, and containing an area of about 2J
acres, adapted for the erection of Cottages or, from the excel-
lent quality of the soil, to continue as Nursery Grounds.

Particulars, with Plan, may be had of Mr. C. F. C.A.TTELL,
Bourne Nursery, Golden Green, near Tonbridge, at the principal
local Inns, of Messrs. HARVEY and CAPRON, Solicitors, 41.
Bedford Row, W.C. ; Messrs. ALBERRY AND LUCAS. Solicitors,
Midhurst ; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.,
and Leytonstone, E.

N.B.— The whole of the valuable Nursery Stock will be offered
in suitable lota after the Sale of the Land, see following Ad-
vertisement.

Sundridge, Kent.

Two and a half miles from Brastead Station.
CLEARANCE SALE of thriving young NURSERY STOCK.
Important to Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
mstrncted to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, on
the Premises, Mr. C. F. Cattell's Nursery. Ide Hill. Sundridge
(the owner giving up business at Ide Hill), immediately after
the Sale of the Freehold Estate, on FRIDAY, November 4, at
half-past 12 o'clock, precisely, the whole of the well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, comprising 1600 bushy Laurestinns, 3500
Laurels, 3 feet ; 1300 English Y'ews, .5000 Spruce Firs, thousands
of Coiiif. rs in various sizes. 1000 Thuias of sorts. 1000 Cupressus
Law^-.iMiMi, Hit; iinriii i) i',.ivst and Fruit Trees, 3.i00 Cur-
rant-, . \ ; - . ■ 1 trd and Dwarf Roses, S:c.
IM I , . , .-ii.shad, as in preceding advei^
iiieers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,

Lou.lu

1 Li-

Friday Next.

CYPRIPEDIUM SANDERI.ANUM, with flower-spikes
produced in this country.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. to include in
their SALE of ORCHIDS on FRIDAY NEXT, November 4, a
grand lot of healthy plants of CYPRIPEDIUM SANDERI-
ANUM, eleven of which are furnished with fine strong spikes,
and will shortly produce several flowers each. The whole of.
the plants are in the finest possible condition, and probably far
surpass any that have hitherto been offered for public sale.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

EXTENSIVE IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS,— By order of
Mr. G. P. White.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT. Novem-
ber 4, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr. G. P.
White, extensive importations of ORCHIDS which have
arrived in the finest possible condition, and embracing numer-
ous masses of unusual sizes, including Odontoglossum Pesca-
torei, O. triumphans, O. naevium, O. crocidpterum, O. blandum,
O. hastilabium, O. coronarium, O. Lindeni, Ada aurantiaca,
Oncidium cucullatum majus, O. superbiens, O. serratum, O.
species (rare), and Restrepia elegans.

The Sale will include (from other vendors) a few plants of a
beautiful new Brassia, Coelogyne Forstemianni (new), C. pan-
durata, and Dendrobium species from Borneo.

Also a grand lot of healthy plants of Cypripedium Sanderi-
anum, several with flower-spikes produced in this country,
from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.
On view mornmg of Sale, and Caialogues had.

Penge, S.E.

Two days' unreserved SALE of unusually well-grown and

thriving NURSERY STOCK, by order of Mr. E. B. Haynes.

Important to Gentlemen, Builders, and others engaged in

Planting during the present season.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and ]V[0RRTS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Prrnii ,■.-, Th ■ Pi^rge
Nurseries, Penge, S.E., close to the Poi-l- i' - ^' 'io,,^.
on MONDAY and TUESDAY, November 7 . . m, k

precisely each day, witliout the Ie;ist n ■ ; , il;tiu

of the valuable and well-grown NURSERY s 1 1 u k. s^ h, :h has
been carefully prepared for removal, consisting of fiOnO oval-
leaved Privet, 2 to 3 feet ; 1000 Laurels, 5000 Poplars, of sorts,
very fine trees; 1000 Laburnums, 6 to 10 feet; 2000 Chestnuts,
large quantities of Conifers and Evergreens, in variety; 1000
Fruit Trees. 1500 Aucubas, Deciduous Shrubs and otber out>-
door Stock, together with 100 CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS,

May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and Leytonstone.

OiTOBER 29, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

515

Twickenliani.

By order oE the Executors, the Leiise liavitiff been disposed of.

IMrORTANT TWO DAYS' CLEARANCE SALE of remark-
ably well-grown general KURSERY STOCK, includius
Evergreens nnd Coiiifera' which have attained a saleable
size, and are so much in request at the present time.

MESSRS. PKOTHEKOE and MORRIS
are instructed by the Executors of the late Mr. Robert
LaiDff to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery,
Twickenham, close to the Railway Station, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, Novembers and 9, at 12 o'clock precisely each
day, without reserve, the whole of the valuable NURSERY
STOCK, carefully grown and in the finest possible condition
for transplanting, including 6000 Aucut)as, 1 to 4 feet 6 inchea
—the best in the Trade; 4l)00 tine Laurels, 1 to 7 feet; 2000
Handsworth Box, 1 to 7 feet ; 5000 Euouymus of sorts. 500
Hollies, 1 to 8 feet; 8UO0 oval- leaved Privet, 1000 Laurestinus,
1500 Lilacs, 1 to 5 feet ; Ornamental and Forest Trees, lOOO
Poplars of sorts, 3000 Dwarf Roses on the Manetii, named Her-
baceous Plants, 3000 Hardy Climbers, 1500 Ivies, 5000 strong
Seakale, the entire stock of Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Azaleas, Camellias, &c. BAY HORSE, Pony Tumbril CART.
two light spring CARTS, 4-wheel CHAISE, Utensils in Trade,
and numerous other effects.

May now be viewed. Catalogues obtained on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London. E.G., and Leytunstoue.

Leytonstone.
Two days uure-'*Prved Sale uf Valuable Nursery Stock, compris-
ing beautifullv selected EVERGREENS, AMERICAN
PLANTS, ROSES, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, The
American and Fillebrook Nurseries, Leytonstone, adjoining the
Railway Station, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY, November 10
and 11, at 12 ©"Clock precisely each day, without reserve, 4000
Couiferte and Evergreens, of various sizes, carefully prepared
for removal, embmcing many very fine specimens, the whole
suitable for immediate effective planting ; oOOO Standard Orna-
mental Trees, including splendid Limes and Poplars, 6 to 15
feet; 3000 clean grown Apples, Pears, Peaches, Nectarines, and
other Fruit Trees; 2000 American Plants, comprising hybrid
and other Rhododendrons, Andromedoa, &c.; 4000 unusually
fine standard and dwarf Roses of the best -varieties, and an- as- -
sortraent of winter flowering Greenhouse Plants.

May now be viewed. Catalogues are ready', and may be
obtained on the premi>es. or of tlie Auctioneers and Valuers,
67 and 6li, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C., and Leytonstone.

Impoxtant to Estate Agents, Fruit Growers,

AND OTHERS.

MESSRS. ROGERS and ROGERS have been
instructed by Mr. T. L. Mayos, to SELL by AUCTION,
Without Reserve, at Highfield Nurserie.s, Hereford, on TUES-
DAY, November 8, the remainder and larger part of his large
and excellent stock of extra strong Standard APPLES,
PEARS, and PLUMS, &c. ; also a fine Collection of well-
grown CONIFERS and other ORNAMENTAL TREES and
SHRUBS ; have been repeatedly moved, and are in tine
condition.

Catalalogues free from Auctioneers or Proprietor.

A First-class Opportunity for Capitalists.

TO BE IH^^IHISKD i)F, as a going concern,
a \Vell-e>t;il.!,^h.d NUK-SERY and SEED BUSINESS,
rapidly on the imreiuse. together with a fine young well-
grown general Nursery Stock, in excellent condition. Has
cost £KiOO, and is now offered for £650. and possession can be
had at once. Cause of disposal is in consequence of a serious
accident to proprietor, which has rendered him unable to
follow business.
Apply to GEO. C. KENT, Esq., Solicitor, Longton. Staffordshire.

TO BE LET, and may be entered upon imme-
diately, WING NURSERIES, Rutland. The above con-
tains about \^ acre, together with five Houses, containing
3000 feet of Glass, good 10-roomed Dwelling-house, with Stable
and necessary Outbuildings. Within 1 mile of Manton Station,
and half a mile by foot>-road. Rent moderate.

Apply to Jlessrs. ROYCE, Auctioneers, Oakham.

FRUIT TREES.
HUGH LOW & GO.

INVITE INSPECTION by INTENDING PURCHASERS

OF THE VEEY LARGE AND FINE STOCK

Growing at Bush Hill Park Nursery.

Easily reached bv trains from LiverDool Street Station

Victoria Plums and Jlorello Cherries by the 1000.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

w

Lily of the Valley— true Berlin variety.
ILLIAM UENMAN, HonTicuLrrRAL

Saxesman, Covent Garden, W.C. Samples and price
of the above forwanled on application.

9AA() SEEDLING PALMS for Sale.—

^^^\J^ Chamiedorea elegans, C. latifolia, C. graminifolia,
C. desmoncoides, Geonoma gracilis, in large and small 60's ;
also large pots of Itnantophyllums.

Particulars of STEEL asd CO., Exotic Nursery, Chigwell.

OSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! ! !— The best

and cheapest in the world ; 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s.,
purchaser'sselection from 400 t)e3t varieties. Catalogues free on
application. Ten acres of Roses ; 100,000 grand plants to select
from. Plant now.— JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter.

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

WILL BE THiXKFULLV HECEITED BY

A . F. BARE ON, Hon. Sec. ,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London. "\Y.

E

Telegrams-" Tucker, Nurseries, Farlngdon."
VEUGKEEN CUVEKT for GAME.-

Laurels, extra transplanted and very bushy, 2 to '.i ff

transplanted and very bushy. 2 to :i f^nt,
i.i.s-. perlDO."£t) p^r 1000; Berberis aquifolia. 1^ to 2 feet. UK.
p'T 100, £4 per lOUO; Tree Bos. Handsworth Giant, 2 to ^ feet,
:iOs. per 100 ; Laurustinus, 1^ to2feet, 50s. per 100 ; Euonymus,
large green variety, 2 feet, 50s. per 100; English Yews. 3 to 4
feet, 12s. per dozen. The whole of the above are very bushy,
have splendid roots, and cannot be surpassed. Also in large
quantities :— Ash and Hazel, extra strong, 4 to 6 feet, bOs. per
1000 ; Larch and Spruce Firs, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet ; Ever-
green Privet. 2 to 3 feet, 30s. per 1000. ACatalogue of General
Nursery Stock post-free.

R. TUCKER. The yiir=.rl.>^ Faringdon, Berk^.

EstabUslied 1827! "

BRIARS (DU(J liOSE), SEEDLING,
FOR STOCKS,
l-yr., extra choice, per 10,000, £7.
l-yr.. No. 1 choice, per 10,000, £5.
l-yr.. No. 2 choice, per 10,000, £2 10s.
2-yr. transplanted, extra choice, per 10.000, £10.
2-yr. transplanted. No. 1 choice, per 10,000, £7.
FRUir TREE STOCKS.— Pears, 1 and 2 years ; Quince,
Plums, Apples, seedling. Paradise, Doucin, Myrobolant, Ma-
haleb, Mazard ; Forest and Ornamental Tree^ and Shrubs.
Young stocks from seeds or cuttings disposable by millions.
Stocks very fine and very cheap. Prices and CATALOGUE-S
Bent on demand to

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman. Chatenay, Seine, France.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans, Phcenii reclinata,
and Corypha auatralis, 20 to 21 inches high. Is. 6rf. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
Enterpe edvUis, and Areca lutescen^, 3 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine featliery-foUaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s.

GARDENEPv. Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill. London. N.

ORD'S CARNATIONS and PIOOTEES.—

Highest awards wherever exhibited. Undoubtedly the
soundest stock extant. My Selection, 6s. per dozen. Also
liberal Collections at 10s., i5s., 20s., and 30s. Carriage paid
for cash.

NEW PICOTEE "5IRS. SHARP."— The finest heavy scarlet
edge ever offered. Catalogue post-free.

ROBERT LORD, Hole Buttom, Todmorden.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EVERGREEN HEDGES.

The three best Shrubs for forming Hedges : —
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet. 6s. per dozen, 30s. per 100.
YEWS. English, 2 to 2^ feet, Ss. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2^ to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per
dozen, 130s. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, 1 J to 2 feet, 5s. per dozen, 30s. per 100 ; 2 to
2J feet. 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100 ;" 2^ to 3 feet, 12s. per
dozen, 75s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS AXD SON, Billing Road Nurseri
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address— " QUICK." NORTHAMPTON.

To tbe Trade.

Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Rstnblishment, Wisbech.

RC\ (M)l) CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the
Uv/^VVV finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which became 10 inchea across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 245. per dozen, strong
plants : extra strong plants, repotted into 5^ineh pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND Co., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

PEARS, strong Standards, best sorts, straight
as gun-bnrrels, 10s. per dozen. 70s. per 100.
CURRANTS, Black Naples and Lee's Prolific, 3-yr. or 4-yr.,

7s. per 100, 60s. per 1000.
ROSE, Gloire de Dijon, extra strong dwarf, for climbers,
5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.
„ Mareclial Niel, 6s. per dozen, 40s. per 100.

HOPWOOD, Belle Vue Nursery, Cheltenham.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.
ROYAL AQUARIUM. WESTMINSTER.
GR.IND EXHIBrrrON-CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUrr,aild
VEGETABLES —WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November
9 and 10.

The Floral Committee will meet October 26, November 9, 2."?,
and December 7. See Schedule, free on application to

Mr. WILLIAM HOLMES,
Framptou Park Nurseries, Hackney, E.

UDDERSFIELD CHRYSANTHEMUM

SHOW, FRIDAY and SATURDAY', November II and 12.
Schedules and Entry Forms may be obtained from the Secretary.

Entries Close, Friday, Nov. 4.

JOHN BELL, Sec, Marsh.

WATFORD CHRY'SANTHEMUM
SOCIETY-,
President— The Eight Hon. the Eabl of Clahesdox.
The SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITIO.V of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS and other AUTUMNAL FLOWERS and FRUITS will
be held in the Agricultural Hall, Watford, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, November 15 and 18. Entries Close on Thurs-
day, November 10. For Schedules and Entry Forms, apply to

BIRKENHEAD and WIRRAL CHRY3AN-
TilKMIM SOCIETY. — The FIRST EXHIBITION of
CHUVSAMNKMUMS, FRUIT, &c., will be held in the Town
Hall. II[rk..nliei[rl,ou NOV'EMBERIC. Schedules on application
to the SECRETARY, 137, Claughton Road, Birkenhead.

pHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW, YORK,

\J 1887. Held in the FINE ART EXHIBITION BUILDING,
on NOVEMBER 16, 17, and 18. 18»7.
Liberal Prizes for PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUITS, and
VEGETABLES. Schedules, &c., to be obtained of

J. LAZENBY, Spurriergate, Y"ork.

HULL and EAST RIDING
OHRYSANTHEMU.M SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL GRAND EXHIBITION will be held in the
Artillery Barracks, Hull, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY.
Nov. 17 and 18, when Prizes to the value of TWO HUNDRED
POUNDS will be offered for CHBYSANTHE.MUMS alone.

Cla,ss 1. — 48 Blooms. 24 to be incurved in not less than 18
varieties, 24 to be Japanese in not less than 18 varieties.
1st Prize, £15; 2nd, £10; 3rd, £5 : 4th. £2.

Other Valuable Prizes. The SILVER CHALLENGE VASE,
value 15 Guineas, will be offered with the 1st prize in Class 1.
Entries Close November 10. Schedules may be obtained from
EDW. HARLAND. Hon. Sec.

Manor Street, Hull.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.
POSTPONEMENT OF SHOW.
The EIGHTH GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUIT
SHOW wiU be held in St. Georges Hall, on NOVEMBER 29
and :J0.

The following Special Prizes are offered for'corapetition : — A
Silver-plated Tea Service, presented by Messrs. J. Williams &
Co.. Manure Manufacturers. 62. Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, for
48 Cut Blooms of Chrysanthemums.

The Veitch Memorial Medal and Five Pounds, for 36 Cut
Blooms. Entries Close November 22.

The SPRING SHOW will be held on MARCH 21, 188S.
Schedules on application to

EDWARD BRIDGE, Secretarv.
3, Cedar Terrace, Tarbock Road, Huyton.

B

Natal, South Africa,
ULBS, TUBERS, ROUTS.— A Wholesale

CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivatnd by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ADLAM. Maritzburg. Natal.

EORGE LEE has about 3000 Count Brazza
Double White VIOLET to dispose of, good plants, at
15s. and 20s. per 100.

Clevedon, October 22,

ERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—

The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN. Jr., fireslau, Germany.

pffiLOGYNE CRISTATA, with bloom-

V_y spikes, well grown, and very cheap.

Trustees of the late J. STEVENSON. Timperley, Cheshire.

Valuable New Covert Plant and Ornamental Slirub.

RUSA KUGOSA. — " Never since the month
of AL-iy has it been without buds and blossoms and
clustered berries. The crimson hips still broider the golden
robe of leafage." — Gardeners' Chronicle {Leading Article),
October 22.

Feeds and shelters pheasants ; rabbits cannot touch it.

Fine home-raised Seed, size of Peas, white and red, Is. Gd. per

packet, each. Price of plants on application.

Trade Supplied.

J. SIMPSON, Wood Agent. Wortley Hall, Sheffield.

MALLEK AND SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties). EPACRIS. SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, BOUVARDIAS. ADIANTUM CUNEAT-
UM and other FERNS, GARDENIAS, STEPHANOTIS, FICUS
ELASTICA. CR0T0N3. OREVILLEAS, VINES in pots, &c.
An inspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee. S.E.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.— W. Lovrn,
& Son's descriptive LIST of prepared Runners may be had on
application. Sampleof plants and pamphlet on cultivation, post-
free, M.— W. LOVEL AXD SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

516

THE GAliDENEBS' C TIB ONI CLE.

[OcTOBEB 29, 1887.

HARTLAND'S

LITTLE BOOK OF DAFFODILS,

OXLIPS AND PRIMROSES.

Beautifully Illustrated by GertrUdk Hartlahd, and unique
as a work o. art. The descriptions are very accurate, and the
Ufe-»ize 1 drawings are admirable subjects to fill in with color,
•ither now or in the Spring when the flowers are at perfection.
W. B. H. is having a few copies worked in colour which can be
had at bs, 6d. each copy.

"THE BOOK," Post-free, Is. 6rf.

A. Duplicate Copy without illustrations, and a General Bulb
List i.^e tu all upplicants. These are known as '• No. One "
and " No. 1 «u " Li&te.

Before you order lor the season, you should certainly eee th«
Book of Daffodils.

Unsolicited Tefltimony as to tlie merit of
Edition for 1887 :-

" My thanka for vour Little Uouk for 18S7. It is a nice con-
tribution to the history of Cultivated Daffodils, and. as you say,
will be interesting some day."-— /■'. W. BURBIDGE, Trinity
College Gardens, iJublin.

'* Mrs. General Saunders presents her compliments to Mr.
Hartland, i,ud thanks him for sending her such splendid Daffo-
dil Bulbs. She is delighted with his Little Book, and considers
the drawings most excellent, both as works of art and for their
being good likenesses of the flowers they are meant to pour-
tray, i^ay accept my congratulations to Gertrude Hartland."
— ^■irdmore, Torquay.

" Sir, — Thauk you very much for the charming Daffodil Book
you have sent me. The illustrations are admirable subjects to
color from the descriptions."— J/r*. PALMES, Nabum Hall,
i'ork.

" Your New List of Daffodils is a credit to the profession. '—
WALTER T. WARE, Bath.

" Thanks very much for the Lyttle Booke. The engravings
are admirable, auJ most useful." — Rev. A. RA WSON,
Windermere.

" Thank you very much for sanding me a copy of your New
Book of Daffodils. It is well got up, and the illustrations are
very good. Surely the public must go in for Daffodils after
this."—/. DAVIDSON, Esq., Ckehea.

'• I am much pleaded with your new Book of Daffodils, which
is certainly a treat credit to you and your niece. It is un-
doubtedly the best list published by any Firm. The cuts are
alriiirable, and so correctly done.*'— C. J. GRAHAME, Esq.,
Croydon.

"Many thanks for Little Book. Miss Hartland's illustra-
tions are exquisite." — F. W. G/LES, Folkestone.

•• Yuur really splendid Book of Daffodils to hand. It is the
bait thing of the kind I have yet stien."— JOHN MAXWELL,
Esq., Maxwelltown, Dumferline.

■■ l)f your Original Liltk' Book of Daffodils I cannot spt?ak
too highly. The drawings reflect most highly on the artist. I
can iiuly say I have never seen Daffodils so faithfully, so care-
fully executed, or so true to Nature. I like them for this, that
1 so well can recognise my friends. Your niece haa evidently
got not only an artist's eye, but also an artist's hand, which is
uue to Nature."— 0C^'-4r/(,V»' CORUER, Norwich.

■■ I am very pleased with the ' Little Book ' this year. The
drawings by Gsrtrude Hartland are a valuable addition, they
ure so very artistic and life-like, and give a much better idea of
the beauty of the flower lluin is to be got from any of the
u=ua.l catalogues, or even from Gardeuiug papers." — W. W.
MlNA, Esq., Manchester.

•• Vuur Little Book is excellent. The illustrations admirable,
notably Bicolor grandis and Bishop Maun."— i£eu. GEORGE
H. Ei\GLEHEART, Andover.

"Your Book of Daffodils is most useful, and reflects the
highest credit on your niece."— 72eu. C. W. DOD, Crewe.

■■ 1 am much obliged for your Book of Daffodils, which I ap-
nreciate very highly as a literary and artistic production." —
, WKIRKF " ~' "

^ AMU EL \

HKK, Esq., The Firs, Waltham.

W. BAYLOR HARTLAND offers the above Testimonials as
received from such very high quarters, particularly from such
good judges and lovers of Daffodils. Bulbs were never finer in
quality, and Orders should be sent in at once.

WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

old Established Seed Warehouse,
24, PATRICK STREET, CORK.

Trial Grounds, Temple Hill, Cork.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 4s. per lUO. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100;
ditto in large pots, 2bs. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.

GENtriNE — RELIABLE.

JARMAN'S BULBS.

Collection No. 3, lOUO Choice Selected Flowenng

Bulbs, in best varieties, 21s. delivered free.
Large Elustrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(KlUISTKHKl.).

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

IITRQFY FRUIT-TREES,

tj t Iv O t • Carriage Poid. Cordons a specmlite.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE UURNU
AND SON. High View Nurseries, -who will send, carriage
paid for cash with order, FOETT JERSEY EOSES for 21B.
Early orders secure extra strong plants.

NEW FLOWERING and FRUITING COVERT PLANT,

ROSA RUGOSA.

ONE of the finest Hardy and Ornamental
Berried Shrubs, recently introduced from Japan. Valuable
Covert Plant in Game Preserves and Woods. Forms a dense
bush between 4 and 5 feet high, clothed with luxuriant foliage,
and produces annually an abundant crop of large hips and
perfect seeds, which are greedily devoured by pheasants and
other birds. Rabbits cannot touch it, owing to its bristly bark.
For particulars and price apply to

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,

CARLISLE.

COLCHESTER ROSES.

A MUCH

ENLARGED CATALOGUE,

JUST PUBLISUED,

Name of Raiser ^ Date of Introduction

OF EACH VARIETY;

VALUABLE INFORMATION

Respecting the Newer Kinds,

HINTS as to CULTIVATION, &c.

POST FREE ON APPLICA TION TO

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

SLAi^TiMG Season

' UNEQUALLED FOR

"VARIETY"
* "EXTENT."

PRICED CATALOGUES & ALL
PARTICULAKS ON APPLICATION.

'James Dickson & Sons"

"NEWTON" Nurseries,

Clxester*.

pUTBUSH'b MiLL-

\J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
—Too well knowTi to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel {l5. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.
WM. CUTBUSH Airo SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Higheate Nurseries. N.

*mTTRtis

INAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

I HHEAL^SONS

U ■ M Crawley, W Sussex.

Established 1827.

L. PAILLET,

CHATENAY, SEINE,
NEAR PARIS, FRANCE,

Offers the following Plaiits : —

ARAUCARIA EXCELSA, nice plants from head cuttings or
grafts, 10 to 12 inches, £,2 per dozen; 12 to 16 inches, £2
to £,2 10s. per dozen ; 16 to 20 inches, £3 10s. to £3 per
dozen ; 20 to 24 inches, £3 to £4 per dozen.

ASPIDISTRA, 10 to 20 leaves, £1 to £l 10s. per dozen ; 20 to
30 leaves, £1 lUs. to £2 per dozen.

PHORMIUM TENAX. 4 to 5 leaves, 2 to 2* feet high, £3 per 100 ;
5 to 7 leaves, 2^ to 3 feet high. £4 per 100.

LILACS FOR FORCING.

CHARLES X., ALBA VIRGIN ALLS — plants with 6 to 10
branches, £i to £5 per 100 ; plants with 10 to 15 branches,
£5 to £6 per 100; plants with 15 to 20 branches, extra,
£6 to £8 per 100.

KOUUE DE TRIANON (Red of Trianon-new variety), with im-
mense red flower, long and large, enormous bunch, superior
to Charles X., 6 to 15 oranches, £l 10s. to £2 per dozen.

Note. — All these plants are cultivated in pots, and are
■well set with flowers ; plants are from 20 inches to 3 feet
10 inches high.

LILAC ROUGE DE MARLY (Red of Marly), variety employed
to obUin White Lilac ; sold in bunch, 3 to 5 feet, £4, £5,
to £6 per 100.

PERSICA SAUGEANA, nice bushy plants, 3 to 4 feet high,
£4 to £5 per 100. These Lilacs are grown in open ground,
transplanted. Well set with flower-buda.

VIBURNUM OPULUS— nice bushy plants from 16 to 25
inches, transplanted, fit for pot and forcing culture; may
give six to ten flowers ; £3 105. per 100.

STAPHYLEA COLCHICA, nice plants in pots, well set with
flowers, £4 to £6 per 100; same in open ground set with
flowers, £3 to £4 per 100.

PRUNirS SINENSIS. FLORE-PLENO. in pots, £4 to £5 per 100.

PRUNUS SINENSIS. FLORE-PLENO, on small standards,
2J to 3 feet, bushy head, 20 to 30 brandies, full of flower ;
transplanted, fit for pot culture and for forcing. New
article, splendid in bloom. £1 5s. to £l 15s. per dozen.

ROSES, own roots and grafted or budded on roots : best sorts.
Tea. Bourbon Hyorid, 1-yr. and 2-yr. transplanted,
100,000 disposable; 25,000 Malmaison, 1-yr. and 2-yr,
transplanted. Price on application.

LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM ALBUM var. RUBRUM, good bulbs, in
bloom now, with 3 to 6 flowers, from £2, £3, to £3 lOs. per 100.

CAMELLIAS, 2^ feet up to 3 feet, £l 10s. to £l 18s. per dozen.

NEW LILY OF THE VALLEY.

CONVALLARIA M.iJALIS ALBA GUANDIFLOKA (Fortin
variety, true). This splendid new variety has been re-
warded with a First-class Prize by the Committee of Flori-
culture of the National and Central Society of France. When
presented last May (1S87). the Committee said:— "This
iiplendid variety, with its flowers and bunch, is three times
as large as the ordinary one; and will be the most useful
and most profitable plant for forcing florists." Price:— 1-yr.
plants, £1 per 100, £9 per 1000 ; 2-yr. plants, £1 8s. per 100,
£13 per 1000 ; 3-yr. plants, £,i per loO, £18 per 1000.

A'oCc— Plants of 3 years only are able to bloom this season.

PiEONIA ARBOREA — P^ONIA

SINENSIS.

special Culture. The very best and the richest collection.

P^ONIA ARBOREA, good ordinary sorts : 250 varieties.

NEW AND VERY RARE VARIETIES.— 55 varieties.

CHINESE VARIETIES, introduced by Mr. Robert Fortune;
34 varieties.

JAPANESE VARIETIES, brought over by Japanese growers
to the Paris Exhibition, in 1878; 8 varieties. Disposable
by hundreds and thousands, 1, 2. and 3-yr. old; middle-
sized plants, 3 to 6 years old ; strong plants, 6 to 8 years;
extra large specimen, 8 to 15 years old.

All the Plants cultivated in pota.

P.EONIA SINENSIS— good ordinary sorts, 230 varieties ; new
and choice sorts, 26 varieties ; very new and very rare sorts,
22 varieties. Disposable in plants, 1, 2, and 3 years old.

Special CATALOGUES of Paeonies. printed in English,
containing List of Varieties with their description and
price, will be sent on application.

<^ CATALOGUES, Printed in English, con-
taining Fruit Trees, Fruit Tree Stocks, Roses,
Hose Stocks, and others, will be sent on application.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties, including
Descriptive "LIST OF New, Rare, and Choice Fbrns,'
and " Hardt North American Ferns," free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FEKN NURSEEY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

AUTUMN PLANTING.

THE past dry spring and summer encourages
Autumn Planting, and we invite inspection of our im-
mense stock of Hardy FOREST TREES for Profit. Ornament,
Shelter and Game, at moderate prices. Particulars on ap-
plication.

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Wood Foresters for Crown Lands, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to
H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

CARLISLE.

OcTOBEB 29, 1887.]

TEE GARDE2^EFS' CERONICLE.

517

BOULTON 6c PAUL,

NORWICH.

No. 73.-GARDEN FRAME.

Sidea of Frames 14 inches high, 2 feet 3 i

back, and 33 inches at the ridpe, bolted at th'
taken to pieces if required. The Lights are
fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn
front, for ventilating.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

CATALOGUES Post-free.

No. 75.-CUCUMBER FRAME.

The Frames are of l^inch boards, 24 inches high at back, and
13 inches high in front, bolted at the corners, easily taken to
pieces if requirea. The Lights are 3 inches thick, with iron
bar across and one handle at the top.

No. 74. -PLANT FRAME.

The Frames are 13 inches high at front. 24 inches high at

. back .

I ^tl W iti

1 Light Frame. 4 fett b> 6 f t

2 „ ,, 8 feet by 6 feet

3 „ ,. 12 feet by 6 feet

4 „ „ 16 feet by 6 feet

5 „ „ 20 feet by 6 feet

6 „ .. 24 feet by 6 feet

Made up to

Le gfl Wiith

1 L ght Frame 4 feet by b feet £ 0 0

2 8 feet by b feet 3 .t 0

3 12 feet ty b feet 4 12 6

4 lb feet by tS feet h 0 0

5 ,, , :^0 feet by b feet 7 7 6

6 ,, „ 24 feet by 6 feet 8 15 0

These Frames are painted four coats, and glazed with 21-oz.

glass. Packing Cases are allowed for in full if returned at once,
carriage paid and in good condition. Carriage paid to any
station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin, Cork, London-
derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Roots, &c.

probably in a
Statements of this
to the progress of oui

acres of ground i
w .are £5000 pei
. 85, and still

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try William Clibrax & Sox, who
better position "than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers these desirable conditi
class are common, and not worth notice without proof; to prove it in the best way. a few facts
business may be named.

Oldtield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 2
covered with Glass and Buildings. Wages paid first year, about £2.=»0, to four men and a boy, n
to over 100 hands regularly employed. Rent then, £36; now, near £300. Acreage at start, (3;-;'uO'
and extending on all sides.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BOWDOX; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MAXCHESTER,
have the pleasure to offer General Stock as under : —

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.
FOR TABLE DECORATIO>*.— Well-grown, gracetnl plants,
full of foliage, in 5 inch pots, in all the best kinds for
standing. 9*'. P^r dozen; pretty little plants for filling
Fancy Pots, 4.s. per <lozen; the same in a great variety of
fancy pots, 95. to 12.«. pir dozen. Very ornamental and

FERNS, ly VARIETY, for Conservatories and planting out in
Ferneries, Sic, 45., 65., and 9s. per dozen.

Table Decorations.

PALMS. FICnS Er,ASTICA. ASPIDISTRAS, all grand plants
for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured ; good
plants, fit for immediate effect, 185., 24s., and 305. per

SOLANUMS, full of beautiful berries. 9s., 12s., and 18s. per
dozen. The finest Stock in the North of England.

Winter Flowers for Indoors.

EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA, bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Sprays. &c.. 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSETTIA PULCHERRLMA, scarlet heads, 6 to 9 inches

over, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
PRniULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERAKIAS, 6s.

per dozen.
BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 95. and

12s. per dozen ; small, 4s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYCLAMEN, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen,
GRAND DE0TZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

iu pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Climps of SPIR.EA JAPONICA, S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, hs. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing, &^. per 100 ; clumps, 12s. and 15s. per dozen.
EARLY-FLOWERING RHODODENDRONS, white and blush,

covered with buds, 30s. and 36s. per dozen.
CHRYS-ANTHEMUMS, fine large plants, 125. and 18s. per

GERANIUMS, specially prepared for winter-blooming, 12s. and

18s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARIASand CALCEOLARIAS, the finest strains,

Is. 6rf. per dozen ; in pots, 2s. 6rf. per dozen.
C.ALLA ^THIOPICA, strong, 125. and ISs. per dozen.
AZALE.A MOLLIS, well set with bud. 125., 18s., and 24s. per

AZALE.A PONTICA, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS, ISs. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDIC A, a mass of buds, 24s. and 305. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
Beautiful CAMELLIAS. 30s., 365., and 425. per dozen.
PRETTY CYTISUS, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRI3T.MAS ROSES, the finest variety of all for large white

rtowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 245. and 30s. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS, SWEET Wn^
LIAMS. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen, 60 for 3s. ,100 for os., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ABABIS, AUBRIETIAS, DACTYLIS, white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS, PRI.MROSE, single white; ANTENNARIA
TOMENTOSA, ALYSSUM. Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

DAISIES, red, white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 5s. per 100,
405. per 1000.

VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours. Is. per
dozen. 6s. per 100.

PYRETHRUMS, strong clumps, 4s. per dozen.

POTENTILLAS. 5s. per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS. 65. per dozen.

PINKS, PANSIES, show or fancy. PHLOXES, 35. 6i. perdozen.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6s. per dozen.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS iu immense variety, of the best
kinds, 3s. per dozen, 2l5. per 100.

Roses— Eoses—Koses.

DWARFS, from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid
Perpetuals, 6s. per dozen, 50 for 21s., 100 for 40s.

TEA SCENTED, in pots, the best kinds, 15s. and 185. per dozen.

STANDARDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees- Fruit Trees

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds, 9s., 125., and IS«. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety. Standards and Pyramids. 6s.. 9s..
and 12s. per dozen; Trained Trees, for Walls, 125., 18s.,
and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen ; Trained,

ISs,, 245., and 30s. per dozen.
PLUMS. Pyramids. 9s., 12s., and 135. per dozen ; Trelued, 24s.

and .30s. per dozen.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, all classes, 2s., 3s., ard 4s.

per dozen.
RASPBERRIES. FILLBASKET, Is. perdozen, 6s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sorts, 4s., 6s.. and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boies,

pots, &c., in beautiful little plants, 6.S. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens, tc, in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, 3s. 6rf.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS, lovely kinds, 3s. per dozen, 155. and 20s.

per 100.
PLANTS for Hedges, Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet.

5s. to 15s. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from 155. to 30s. per

1000; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100; HOLLIES.

for Hedges, from 205. per 100.

CATALOGUES FREE.

WM- CLIBRAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 fin4 13, Market Street, MancUester,

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

A-i bulbs, 9s., 125., 18s, and 24s. per dozen ; extra strong,
305. and 425. per dozen. All other good LILIES at equally
low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Bare
Plants, .536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

Tree Carnations.

HB. M.'VY offers a splendid stock of strong
• healthy Plants, showing or coming intob'oom; all the
leading and most useful sorts, including Miss .Toliffe, Lucifer,
Pride of Penshurst, Aiidalu-ia. Mdlle. Ourle, Empre-s of Get-
many, and many others. Terms on application.

Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.
TELKGRAPHIO ADDRESS— " PTERIS. LONDON."

URUIT TREES a SPECIALTY.— True to

-T name. A large stock of all sorts— APPLES. CHERRIES.
CURRANTS, and GOOSEBERRIES (best also, Lancashire prize
sorts), very cheap in quantity for market purposes; .APRICOTS,
NECTARINES. PEACHES, NUTS, PEARS, PLUJ13. DAJl-
SONS, RASPBERRIES, in all forms usually grown ; STRAW-
BERRIES, all the old standard, also the new sorts, by the 100
or 1000, or in small pots. Winner 1st prize, Manchester ; 2nd,
Crystal Palace this year, for large collection APPLES, and
over fifty others within the last few years. Price List free.
Special quotations for quantities.

Descriptive LIST, with description of all sorts, ai.d much
useful information, four stamps.

JOHN WATKINS, Fruit Tree Nurseryman, Pomona Farm,
Withington, Hereford.

CMALL SHRUBS and CONIEEK.E.—

0 Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 40s, per 10:1. j^bies
Douglasii, 1 year, 2Qs. per 1000. Abieaorientalis,8to 9 inch. 12s.
per 100. American Arbor-Titie, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni, 12 to 15 inches, 605. per 1000. Cupressus
erecta viridis. 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000; ditto. 1 to I^ foot,
extra, 10s. per 100. Cupressus stncta, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per
1000 ; ditto, 1 to 1^ foot. 12s. per 100. Cedrus Deod;ira, 6 to 9
inches, 6s. per 100; ditto, 12 inches, 12s. per 100. Pinus
insignis, 1 year, 4.!. per 100. Pinus Cembra, 2 years, 10s. per
1000. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 years, 6s. per 100. Pinus excelsa,

1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis, 1 year, 5s. per 100.
Relinospora plumosa, 10 to \2 inches, 10s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 10 inches, 8s. per
100. Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 40s. per 1000. Thuiopsis
dolabrata, 6 to 3 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 12 inches, fine, 12s.
per 100. Yew, English, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Laurel.
Portugal. 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Common Laurel, 12 to 14
inches, 35s. per 1000, Rhododendron ponticum. 4 to6 inches,
50s. per 1000 ; ditto. 2 to 3 inches, :Ws. per 1000.

GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer.

^iiiiiiimiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiniiiiitiiiii|

lyo pLAiyTERSJ

i Stock Unique I
i & Unequalled, i

JNURSERIES over 200 ACRESf

i MOST MODERATE PRICES, i
I TRUCK LOADS Carriage Free. |

= CATALOGUES GRATIS. =

iF^'A.DICKSON^SONSI

= THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN, =

I —CHESTER.- I

^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin;

SUTTON'S BULBS

Genuine only direct from reading.

518

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBEB 29, 1887.

THE GREAT HARDY NURSERY.
PAUL & SON,

OF CHESHUNT,

" The Old Nurseries,'' Established 1807,

Respectfully invite Orders for

ROSES,

in all ways and in any quantity. The Stock
is exceedingly good this year.

FRUIT TREES.

40,000 Standards, unsurpassed in the country,
and large stocks of fine trees in all forms.

Intending Planters xhoutd see the trees.

ORiMAMENTAL TREES

AND SHRUBS.

Paul & Son have the most varied collection
in England —
Avenue LIMES, HOLLIES, CONIFERS, PICTURE TREES,

vtduduig all Xovelties.

HARDY HERBACEOUS

AND ALPINE PLANTS,

grown on 10 acres, at the Broxbourne
Nursery of the firm, in large quantities of

good PLANTS.

The above are amongst the Special Cultures of
the firm. Descriptive CATALOGUES, describ-
ing the actual stock, post-free, on application to

PAUL & SON,

"THE OLD NURSERIES," CHESHUNT.

CATALOGUES.

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
EEBEFOBD

(Established 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & GO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,
FOREST TREES,
RHODODENDRONS,
CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers toill be inadefor Large Contracts.

BULBS.

Very long experience ena'jles us to offer the
BEST QU.VLITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, de>oriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.

(Hardily-Grown)

"pRUIT TREES,"

ccf" All the Most Desirable

Varieties in Cultivation.

Hardiek, thus succeeding miLch better than
Trees Grown in Wakmee and Sheltered Parts
OF England.

By Special Sealed RoyjQ Warrant.

"JAMES DICKSON & SONS,"

'NEWTON" Nurseries,
"CHESTER.

NEW FLOWERING and FRXJITING
COVERT PLANT.

ROSA RUGOSA

alba, rosea, and flore-pleno.

FIRST-CLASS MEREDITH ALICANTE
GRAI'E VINES, 4-yr. old, for Sale, on siccouut of Grower
giving up growing late Grapes. For price apply
^L\KAGER, Llysonen Gardens, near St. Clears, Carmarthen-

shii

QCOTCII FIR, extra stout, 3 to 4 and 4 to

O .ifei'e. thrice transplanted.

PRIVET OVALIKOLIU.M, extra bushy. 2 to 3 feet.
Being overstocked, the foregoing are offered at a low price.
No reasonable offer refused.

B. R. DAVIS, Yeov "

OA f\(\(\ GOOSEBERRIES. — Crown Bob,

^i\jl\J\)\J 3-yr. and 4-yr. stuff, good heads and well
Special quota-

■ BRAND (late Chater), Nurserymen, &c..

The above Rose is one of the finest Hardy
Ornamental Berried Shrubs ever introduced. It
forms a most valuable Covert Plant in Game
Preserves and Woods.

It produces annually an abundant crop of hips,
which are greedily devoured Ijy Pheasants and
other Birds. Owing to its spiney bark Rabbits
will not touch it.

Price par lOO and 1000 on application to

IRELAND & THOMSON,

NURSERYMEN, ^-c,
81, PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH.

' FOREST TREES

In every variety. Unequalled tor quality. Stock unlimited.

TRUE NATIVE LARCH.

FRUIT TREES.

Pronounced by competent judges "Me best in the Kingdom.

Every variety in all forms true to name.

New edition of our Descriptive CA TALOGVE jnst issued,

gratis and post-free.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEENS NURSERYMEN, CHESTER,

THE HARDY GOLDEN-RAYED LILY

a

LILIUM AURATUM.'

Selected Bulbs of this charming Hardy Lily are obtainable at
the following low prices, direct from the Importers, plump and
sound as English-grown Eoots : —

Price 5s., 8s., 10s., 15s., 20s., and 25s. per dozen. Carriage Free.

T/te Finest Samples of L. uuratiim that hare reached Enijland this season.

TRADE PRICE PER CASE of 50 and ioo on APPLICATION.

CARTERS'

Seedsmen by Royal

AV.irrants to H.M. the

QI'EKN .ind H.R.H. the

I'KINCE of W'.ILES.

1237-8, HIGH HOLBORN,

J LONDON, W.C.

NEW AUTUMN-FLOWERING BECDNIA-" JOHN HEAL"

Messrs. JAMES VEITOH & SONS

A7'e now prepared to supply strong healthy plants of this fine hjhrid Begonia.

Begonia, "JOHN HEAL " was obtained by us by fertilising B. eocotrana with the pollen of a seedling of the tuberous section.
The liabitof the plant is intermediate between that of the two pa'ents. The leaves are smaller and of neater aspect than
those of n. socotraua, and the u^ual obliquity of the blade more marked.

The flowers are produced in loo;
1^ to 2 inches in diameter, of a bright rose-carmine, an

The horticultural value of this remarkable acqu
appear in autumn when few other Begonias are in ljloi.n
puqioses yet obtained, Its floral aprays are also most u-

It received the award of a First-clars Certificate frt

iding scapes that stand well above the foliage. They are
the scape from two to three weeks.
.- be over-rated. Its brilliantly coloured flowers, which
iration, render it one of the best Beeonias for decorative
ud for other purposes for which cut flowers are in request.

ultural Society in October, 183.

Pi^Jce 6s. each. A few extra Btrong plants at lOa. 6d. eact.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

OcTOBEE 29, 1887.]

THE GAB DE NEB 8' CHBONICLE.

sm.

EELLEBORUS NIGER.

I have much pleasure in directing the atten-
tion of the Trade to my extensive stock, extending
to several thousands exceptionally fine, strong,
forcing clumps of the above. I think I never
had them in such fine condition ; their fresh
foliage is fine, and the clumps are closely filled
with flowering buds. The following varieties can
be supplied : —

CATJCASICTJS.— A really serviceable variety,

producing large, very conspicuous flowers. Pure white
when flowered inside or under other protection. One of
the most vigorous of all the Christmas Rosea, and one
which will succeed in almost any soil or position, flowering
freely in the open ground in January,

MADAME FOUB.CADE is a gem— certainly

one of the best flowers of medium size; snow whit^, and
produced in the greatest possible profusion, even the very
>mallest plants flowering— of a good strong vigorous habit.
Fine strong clumps for forcing.

MAJOR. — For general purposes the best of all

the Niger varieties. My stock is very true, distinct en-
tirely from the German varieties ; free in habit, producing
abundance of flowers of good form, and pure white in
colour. Exceptionally fine, home-gro\YU forcing clumps.

MAXIMTJS. — A robust, early-flowering variety
—the largest and earliest of the group. The foliage is of
a very deep green, the stems are beautifully mottled. It
flowers in October and November, producing large, pure
white flowers, slightly shaded with rose on the eiterior ;
quite pure white when protected. Exceptionally fine,
strong, forcing clumps.

KTJBBA is a veritable red Christmas Kose,

producing very large flowers of a bright rose colour,
robust grower and free flowering. Fine strong forcing
clumps.

COLLECTED PLANTS.— These I can offer

ill really good, strong, very healthy stuff.

Special Descriptive Priced List upon appllcafon.

CARNATIONS and PIGOTEES.

I have just finished taldiig off the layers of my
very extensive collection of these, which comprises
both Shows, Selfs, Cloves, and Border varie-
ties ; as well as Yellow Grounds. Every variety
worth growing is included. The plants are in
first-rate health and strong. Catalogue of these
will be sent upon application.

HOLLYHOCKS.

Fine selected varieties to colour, equal in every
way to named sorts.

P>EONIES.

A tremendous collection of both the Tree and
Herbaceous sorts. List of varieties with prices
upon application.

GAILLARDIAS.

A very high-class coUestion ; several new
varieties of exceptional worth. List of varieties
and prices upon application.

Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

Kent, the Garden of England.

GEO.BUNYARD&CO.

The Old Nurseries,
MAIDSTONE, KENT,

Beg to call attention to their Superb Stock of

400,000

FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES,

which embraces
800 Kinds True to Name,

remarkable for culture and extent.

Ak Inspection is Solicited. There are fre-
quent trains by South-Eastern and Chatham and
Dover Railways from London ; and Barming
Station, on the latter, is in the great Fruit Tree
Nursery,

The NEW CATALOGUE— which
is fully Illustrated and Descriptive —
free for 6 stamps; Gratis to Purchasers.

The Trees are trained in all forms
suitable for the Market Grower, or
for Garden Cultm-e, and there are
thousands of Fruiting Trees in stock,
Cordons, &c.

There are also 40 Acres of

FOREST TREES, CONIFERS, EVERGREENS,
AND FLOWERING STUFF;

and intending Planters would find
this department well worth their
attention, as the stuff is remarkable
for fibrous roots. Catalogues gratis.

ROSES are well grown,

and both Teas and H.P.'s are fully-
ripened and well-rooted. New List free.

Liberal Terms for Carriage, Package, and
Discount. Distance no object.

Established 1796.

GEORGE BUNYARD & CO.,

MAIDSTONE, KENT.

T

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.
KE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

Vol. I.. Third Scries, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. KICHAEDS. 41. Welliueton Street, Strand. W.O.

NEW EDITION,

Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price Zd., Post-Jree S\d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2d, 1887.

A MONTH AT THE CAPE,'/;

iCancludtd from p. 430.)

T SAW the handsome Palm, Phcenix spinosa,
-*- in abundance in the moist lowlands alqng the
railway between Grahamstown and Port Alfred ;
it also occurs by the side of streams near Ea.st
London. All the plants I saw were characterised
by a tufted habit, the oldest stems not exceeding
6 or 8 feet in height ; many of the specimens
were stemless, although flowering. The leaves
were long, gracefully arched, and twisted, the
petiole yellowish, and furnished at the base with
spine-like segments ; the pinna; were of a bright
shining dark green. I was careful to note the
characters o' this Palm, because there are two
very distinct Phoanixes at Kew, both of them
African, and both called P. reclinata, of which
P. spinosa is a synonym. One agrees exactly
with that which I saw wild ; the other has a very
tall stem, over 30 feet in height, with an immense
head of foliage, and no signs of suckers from the
base. The leaves are of a dull grey-green, and
are not nearly so graceful as those of the small
tafted kind. The large specimen has recently
been cut down, having reached the roof in the
Palra-house, but there is a smaller one with a
solitary stem 8 feet high. Unless P. reclinata is
a very variable species, the probability is that
there are two distinct Phoenixes in South Africa.
There is a fine example of the dwarf, tufted
kind in the Botanical Gardens at Cape Town, and
Professor MaoOwan, who knows the Grahams-
town plants better than any one, told me that
this Phcenix always had short clustered stems,
unless the suckers were destroyed by fire or
otherwise.

I had been asked by Mr. Dyer to look out for
Cycads, which are not luicommon on the east side
of South Africa. I saw Eucephalartos caffer in
great numbers, whilst those known at Kew as E.
longifolius, E. Altensteinii, E. latifrons, and E.

520

THE GARDENEB.8' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBEH 29, 1887.

villoSQS, were seen in more or less abundance about
Grahamstown or in King William's Town and
East London. In the latter district I found
Stangeria paradoxa ; both it and E. villosus
occurring in woods at the mouth of the Buffalo
River. The Stangeria, a most remarkable
looking Cycad, grew amongst tall grass
in an open space bordering the wood; the
Encephalartos being very abundant under
the shade of trees, its short stems buried
in the soil, and its long arching plume-like
leaves looking in the distance like gigantic male
Ferns as seen in the woods at home. It is a
handsome Cycad — one of the best for conserva-
tories, as it does not grow to so large a size as
some of these plants do. The cones had all gone,
both from this and E. longifolius, also found in
this place. These woods are a favourite picnicing
place with the people of East London, and they
gither the cones and take them home as orna-
ments ; probably, too, the monkeys pull them to
pieces, and eat the sweet pulp which surrounds
the seeds. The man from whom we obtained a
boat and two Kaffirs to row us up the river, told
us that we should find no cones, as they were
always gathered by holiday folk ; the season, too,
was rather late for them.

Mr. Galpin drove me out about 10 miles from
Grahamstown along the " King " road to see
Cyrtanthus obliquus, and on the way we came to
a magnificent group of Encephalartos latifrons.
It had eleven stems, all from one base, probably
the result of a cone having shed its seed there,
and these eleven plants had all grown together.
It certainly might easily have been taken for one
plant with eleven stems. None of the stems
exceeded 5 feet in height, and they were fully
IJ foot in diameter at the base, and all bearing
noble heads of foliage, exactly like the example
of this kind at Kew. We found no cones nor
signs of them, nor were there any other plants of
it in sight. We concluded that the whole of
the mass were males. This and the other three
kinds — i.e., E. caffer, E. Altensteinii, and E. lon-
gifolius— all of which grow wild round Grahams-
town, seemed to be merely forms of one variable
species. In the Botanic Gardens there, there is a
fine collection of native Cycads, of which Mr.
Tidmarsh is justly proud, and after examining
and comparing the many forms we gave up all
hope of making out where one so-called species
began and ended. Of course, cones may show
distinctive characters which are absent in the
foliage.

In the wood along the Buffalo River Mr.
Leighton pointed out to me the new Buxus,
which has been named B. Macowani, and of
which Mr. Leighton claims to have been the
first finder. It has been recommended for culti-
vation in warmer parts, as it may be used by
engravers, &c., in place of our Box. In a small
piece of water we found a beautiful pink-flowered
Njmiphsea, no doubt a form of N, stellata, but new
to me. We coaxed two tiny naked Kaflir shepherds
into our service by showing them Gd., and point-
ing to the plants, for they could not understand
a word of ours, nor we of theirs. They gathered
tubers and seeds for us, which I carefully secured
in a sheaf of dry Rushes and took to the hotel,
where I laid them in the yard to drain. In the
morning they had gone — the town Kaffir, being a
notorious pilferer, had no doubt stolen this mys-
terious looking parcel. What a prize for a
Kaffir — a few water-roots I

Leonotus leonurus, the " Lion's Tail," is a
common weed at the Cape, common almost as
Centaurea nigra is here. But how different from
what I have seen of the Leonotus in England
ware the wild plants! Great masses with stout

erect branches, and apparently flowering freely
for months together. It is popular among the
Kaffirs as a cure for snake bites, and I was told
that it has often proved efficacious.

Cyperus alternifolius is a weed in all moist
places, choking the ditches and ponds. It is
about the only plant used by the Kaffirs in
making mats for sleeping on, also for thatching
their huts.

Aloes one saw everywhere ; in some localities
they were the trees of the vegetation, thousands
of them standing up above such plants as dwarf
Schotias, Carissas, Cotyledons, Euphorbias, &c.
They had a weird appearance when seen wild in
such abundance — some broken down, others
merely skeletons, others in flower, with their old
flower-spikes withered upon them. They form a
scene of the kind likely to inspire one with feel-
ings of the deepest melancholy — indeed a good
deal of the scenery and what one meets with in
South Africa is depressing. In a ride from
Grahamstown to King William's To^vn, a distance
of 87 miles, which we accomplished in twelve
hours with six changes of horses, six in each
team, I saw a good deal of the melancholic stamp,
as well as what was grand — magnificent. A
mountain-side clothed with miles of grey gaunt
Tree Euphorbias, many of them dead, their white
stems looking like bleached bones, and the grow-
ing ones more like skeletons than living plants.
To see one of these in a greenhouse here is vastly
different from the sight of them in their wild
desolate haunts. The skeletons of bullocks and
horses, broken waggons and such-like, which are
met with along these wild roads ; the absence
of trees, and everything except grey wiry
grass for miles and miles on the high level
lands ; the Kaffir villages with their, to me,
miserable surroundings, and the frightfully bad
roads, often extremely dangerous : these are the
kind of thing one experiences in a ride through
the home of the Kaffirs. And yet that ride,
taken altogether, was the grandest experience I
had at the Cape. I shall never forget the
mountains we wound round and over, the rush-
ing along narrow ledges, which often were only
wide enough for the Cape cart, and the pic-
turesque appearance of the Kaffirs in their red
blankets, who could be seen for miles standing
out clearly against the grey vegetation. At the
posting stations the Kaffirs were always assembled
in hundreds — to look at us, some said, but I sus-
pect they were there after " Cape Smoke." These
" blanket Kaffirs " are magnificent fellows, tall,
muscular, fleet as greyhounds, posing in their
simple dress, an ochre-coloured blanket thrown
gracefully round them, "like pictures on the
backs of cheap novels," one of my companions
said. We drove through several rivers, the
water up to the horses' bodies, and as I had heard
of fatal accidents to carts which had been carried
away by the force of the stream they had
attempted to cross, there was some excitement in
rushing through them.

I saw and noted a good many more plants than
have been mentioned ; amongst them Orchids of
various kinds, hosts of all kinds of Composites,
many of them beautiful and unknown to me, but
being in flower, no seeds of them were obtain-
able. The prettiest of small weeds there is
Lobelia coronopifolia. This occurs in fields, along
waysides, everywhere where the soil is suitable ;
and its beautiful large blue flowers on graceful
arching scapes, from 6 inches to 1 foot high,
formed as charming a picture as our Campanula
rotundifolia does at home. Light and dark shades
of blue as well as pure white flowers occurred
aniongst them. I gathered good seeds, and we
have plants now growjng at Kew. The genus

Chironia is common in sandy places near the sea,
but I did not meet with any inland. I believe
that the salt in the air must be agreeable to these
plants — Chironia is of the Gentian family, and is
closely allied to Exacum. In similar localities
various sorts of Asparagus are common.
A. plumosus I was delighted to find, growing up
some tree Euphorbias in a wood near Grahams-
town.

Staying only a short time, and not being able
to visit the same ground twice, I found much
fewer seeds than I expected. The beautiful and
interesting plants in flower had, as a rule, no
seeds upon them, whilst those in seed had no
flowers by which one could recognise them.
However, I saw and learnt a great deal of the
plants of those parts I visited : I also know some-
thing of the immense difficulties collectors have
to contend against in such a country as South
Africa.

Of introduced plants the commonest were the
American Aloe and Opuntias. About Cape
Town Agave americana is as plentiful as any
native plant. It is used for fences, and it grows
as rapidly and seeds so abundantly that, if
allowed to, it soon covers acres of ground with a
dense mass of gigantic foliage. If the cultiva-
tion of Agaves, Sansevierias, and Fourcroyas for
fibre would pay well, certainly the Cape could
soon supply any quantity of them. Mr. Leigh-
ton informed me that a young sucker of Agave
would grow to flowering size in four years.
Opuntias are used as fences, and the fruits are
eaten by the poor Kaffirs. They are now natu-
ralised, and in some land are a very expensive
weed. In a future paper I will give my notes
and impressions of the botanical gardens I visited
whilst at the Cape. W. Watson, Kew.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

L^LIA IRRORATA GASKELLIANA,

n. var.
Mb. Holbrook Gaskell, Woolton Wood, Liver-
pool, sent me this very fine grand Laslia in the finest
state to Kew — an inflorescence of five flowers, and
exceedingly well packed. It could not have been
better on the morning when the flowers had expanded.
I bad seen nothing in my life like it, unless the
Lffllia irrorata Scottiana. Thus I replied I could
only say it might be that one, or a novelty. Now
my originals are all at hand, I see it is widely dis-
tinct from typical Scottiana, not in colour only, but
most remarkably in the shape of the lip. The dac-
tyloid sepals and petals are light lilac. The lip has a
white mid-area between the lateral lacinia!. The tips
of the angles and mid-line are lilac. The heart-shaped,
semi-oblong, wavy anterior lacinia has an exceed-
ingly short nail, and the whole is of the darkest,
warmest purple, with scattered and still darker
bars, spots, and lines ; thus making one think of
Cattleya Mossia and C. speciosissima. I learn Mr.
F. Sander is answerable for the introduction of this
grand beauty. The upper part of the stout column
is lilac. H. G.Rchb.f.

ONClDinM HOOEEBI, Solfc, 11. Sp.

In a clump of Oncidiura Forbesii received at Kew
appeared a singular Oncidium, bearing a panicle of
numerous small yellow flowers, with a large chestnut
crest at base of lip. A name was wanted for it, but
on looking the matter up I discovered that the plant
appeared in gardens nearly half a century ago, yet
being confused with another species, it did not
receive a specific name. It is an interesting
matter to be able on its reintroduction to clear up
the confusion which surrounded it.

In 1837 (Bot. Reg., sub. t. 1920) IJndley described
Uncidium raniferum, a small yellow-flowered species

October 29, 1SS7.1

THE GAIiDENEIiS' CUl^ONICLE.

521

with the lower halfof thelip chestnut coloured, from
the collection of Mr. Knight. In the following year
he figured it (Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 48), remarking that it
was rather a pretty species of this extensive genns, with
a very peculiar liabit. It evidently hangs down from
the branches of trees, instead of growing erect like
most species. Speaking of the crest, he says it
resembles the figure of a crouching frog — a circum-
stance which led to its being called 0. raniferum.
It was found in Brazil, being n. 637 of Gardner's
Organ Mountain plants, and also discovered by Des-
courtilz, who met with it in damp forests near
Bananal, and who observed that it fixes itself to
branches not exceeding 12 feet from the earth. This
plant has the lateral sepals quite free, and belongs to
Lindley's section, Fentapetala basilata. In 1840 Sir
■William Hooker figured a plant (Bot. Mag., t. 3712)
which he called variety major, rem.irking that it had
much longer leaves than the plant figured in the Bot.
Beg., a scape H foot high, and larger and more numer-
ous flowers This is identical with the present plant,
but, notwithstanding its great similarity to Lindley's
plant, it has the lateral sepals connate for half their
length, and belongs to quite another section of the
genus — to Lindley's Tetrapetala micropetala, in fact.
The plant is so well represented in the figure above
cited that a full description is unnecessary, though I
may sav the flowers are half an inch long, the sepals
and petals sharply reflexed, and each bearing a few dull
rod spots, and thatthebright yellow lip, with its large
chestnut-coloured callus, give the plant a very sin-
gular appearance. From 0. raniferum the connate
sepals and larger flowers readily distinguish it,
though the way the two species mimic each other is
really remarkable. O. Hookeri, too, is a native of
Brazil, for besides the circumstance of its growing
with a clump of the Brazilian 0. Forbesii, I find in
the Kew Herbarium specimens from W. Longman,
and from Mr. Glaziou (n. 15,044), both from Rio
Janeiro. The name is given to mark Sir William
Hooker's connection with the plant. I must, how-
ever, point out that he is wrong in saying Gardner's
n. G37 is his var. major — that is, as far as Lindley's
Herbprium is concerned, and I have found no other
specimen ; for I have carefully dissected a flower,
and the free sepals and small flowers are unmistak-
ably those of 0. raniferum. There is a small garden
specimen of 0. Hookeri in Lindley's Herbarium,
though he appears not to have detected the diflTer-
ence between the two. B. A. Bolfe, Kew Herbarium.

CcELIOPSIS HYACINTHOSMA, JRchb.f.

I have to thank a correspondent for an inflor-
escence of this rare and very curious Orchid. It is a
compact umbel of about a dozen fragrant, fleshy,
wax-like flowers, the segments white at the base, but
deep buff' at their upper portion. It has been
described as smelling strongly of Hyacinths. The
odour may vary at different ages of the flower, but I
should describe those I received as rather smelling of
Cowslips, or perliaps scarcely so pleasant. There
seems some doubt as to the affinity of the pl.ant.
When originally described it was compared with
Sievkingia, a genus probably not known in gardens ;
and in the Geiiera. Plantariim it is simply mentioned as
an imperfectly known genus, without any description
whatever.

After examining a flower, to ascertain its position
in the arrangement adopted in the Genera Blant-
arum, I am convinced that it should be placed in the
subtribe Maxillariea^, and next to the genus Schlim-
mia, to which the flowers bear a -^^ry close re-
semblance. The crescent-shaped gland of the pol-
linia, the sac-shaped base of the connate lateral
sepals, and the partially closed flowers, are among
its more remarkable characters. Though not one of
the most handsome of Orchids, it is certainly a very
interesting plant. B. A. B.

Sulphate of Iron to Destroy Moss and

Fungi.— Dr. a. B. Griffiths, F.K.S., has shown that
iron sulphate completely destroys moss in pastures,
without destroying the grass. Dr. Griflnths also
finds that the ferrous sulphate will dcstrov parasitic
fungi.

NEPENTHES CYLINDRICA,

Veitch, n. hxjh.

This is a distinct and handsome Nepenthes raised
at Messrs. James Veitch & Sons' Eoyal Exotic
Nursery, Chelsea, by their foreman Mr. Tivey, from
N. Veitchii, pollen parent, and N. hirsuta glabrescens
(N. zeylanica rubra, hort.), seed parent. The plant is of
vigorous growth, with a habit intermediate between
the two parents. Leaves spreading, broadly oblan-
oeolate-oblong, 8 — 12 inches long, narrowed at the
base into a winged petiole that embraces the stem,
fulvous green ; the mid-nerves of the latest formed
leaves rose-crimson. Pitchers 6—8 inches long, and
1—1.} inch in diameter, pale green, with a very
few crimson spots and markings scattered over the
surface, cylindric, slightly inflated below the middle ;
margin of oblique aperture narrow as in the seed-
parent, but frilled and slightly dilated towards the
apex of the triangular process to which the opercu-
lum or lid is attached, as in the pollen parent;
wings wider towards the base than at the apex, and
coarsely ciliate as in the pollen parent ; operculum
horizontal or slightly fornicate over the aperture of
the pitcher, oval, with a depressed mid-nerve.

Numerous as .are the cultivated species of Nepen-
thes and the hybrids derived from them, a place may
well be found for the plant described above (fig. 103),
which, if not of so striking an aspect as some of its
more richly coloured allies, by reason of its pale
tube-like pitchers will, at least, form a noticeable
contrast to them. A. H. K.

GROUPING HARDY FLOWERING
PLANTS.

I HAVE found the plants enumerated below effec-
tive for decorative purposes in these gardens, which are
situated in a cold lake district. I mention this
because many of the plants will flower earlier in
warmer districts, and may thus disappoint planters
if the fact be not taken into consideration.

The month of April comes before we are able
in the average of years to make a show of many
varieties of hardy flowers, although there is not a
month in the year in which the garden is quite
devoid of flowers.

In January we have the Christmas Roses and
Jasminum nudiflorum ; the same through February,
with the addition of Eranthis hyemalis (Winter
Aconite), and the Snowdrop. March does not
usually bring us many additional flowers — Tussilago
(Petasites) alba is iin interesting species of Coltsfoot
with white showy flowers, which are produced before the
leaf — being about the only added one for this month.

April brings with it a goodly number of interesting
and beautiful flowers. The following are all good,
and when arranged in masses, with taste and judg-
ment, give a pleasing eff"ect. (I do not include
annuals and biennials, but many plants in this sec-
tion will suggest themselves to the planter likely to
be of good service in enhancing the beauty of his
arrangements) : —

Saxifraga cordifolia, a plant with handsome,
bold, heart-shaped folhage, which, without the
flowers, is attractive at all times, and when in bloom,
as it is in this month, it is a conspicuous object. A
number of this plant, edged with Primula denticulata
-a widely-spread Primrose, with lilac-coloured flowers
— looks well, and will always arrest attention. A bed
of Auriculas, edged with Omphalodes verna, is
.another pleasing mixture, and a few masses of Do-
ronicum caucasicum are indispensable in any arrange-
ment of plants for this month.

The following plants also, which flower usually in
this month, are all of much beauty ; the best way to
plant them for eff'ect will suggest itself to the planter: —
Pulmonaria officinalis, a useful border plant, peculiar
in the flowers first appearing of a rose colour, and
then change to blue. The common name of the plant
is the Spotted Lungwort, from the spots on the leaves.
Arabis albida is a welcome plant, and so are Daisies,
Squills, blue and white ; Polyanthuses, Primroses,

522

THE GAR DENE US' C Hi? ONI CLE.

[October -y.), 1887

ami Oxlips and Cowslips must not be forp;otten.
Narcissus incomparabilis or Butter-and-eggs Daffo-
dil ; and N. Pseudo-Narcissus, the common Daffodil,
witli ]jale yellow flowers, is a favourite with every one.
Cardamiue trifolia, tliough it is really a rock plant,
succeeds well iu a mixed border or bed. Gagea
lutea, a British bulbous plant, with yellow flowers,
not very showy but worthy of a place in the her-
baceous border.

May brings many additions of beautiful flowers to
our list. The most effective among them for group-
ing being the different varieties of Viola which have
been bo much increased of late years. These plants,
if planted in fairly rich soil will flower twice during
tlie summer. I grow a great number, and
many of them are now in beautiful bloom when
almost every other flower in the garden has been
destroyed by from 10' to 12° of frost on several
o:casions. These plants were all cut back the latter
end of July after the flusli of the first crop of bloom
had expended itself. The best blue 1 found to be
True Blue ; the best yellow, lutea major ; the best
white, Countess of Hopetoun.

Masses of blue Violas edged with Iberis coriaifolia,
or Gnaphalium lanatum, are pretty, as are yellow or
white Viola edged with Gentiana acaulis. Dielytra
spectabilis, either in beds or rows, edged with Lily of
the Valley, makes a most interesting combination.
Narcissus poeticus is indispensable, and the following
are interesting, and m.any of them useful : — Honesty,
Primula cortusoides, TroUius europajus, and T. asia-
ticus (the Mount.ain Globe Flower), Ranunculus
aconitifolius, an old |)lant with pretty white double
flowers ; Sedum Rliodiola, an interesting plant with
yellow flowers, the roots of which are supposed to
have the smell of Roses ; Solomon's Seal must not
be omitted, and the mossy Saxifrages are useful for
margins of small beds, the prettiest of all being,
perhaps, Saxifraga muscoides atropurpurea. The
common Bluebell and its pink variety are favourites
with every one ; and for moist places the bright
Marsh Marigold must not be left out.

June, the month of Roses, brings with it a host of
other beautiful hardy flowers ; but for tlie pur]iose of
affording a grand display during this month and a
portion of the next tlie queen of flowers stands alone
without a rival. The Tree Preony comes next in
importance; and wliat a glorious display can be
made with it when planted in rich soil and good
varieties are employed. Those who have seen
Tree Peonies in full flower in the borders near the
orangery at Chatsworth will not easily forget the
sight.

The next in imiiortancc for grouping, perhaps,
are the varieties of Iris germivnica, especially
the showy old large blue and gold flowered ones ;
Iris gramineus (the grass-leaved Iris), with its pretty
purple flowers, is also most useful and effective. Those
wishing for edgings for groups of these plants can
scarcely find a better than Mimulus Harrisoui, which
is in full flower in this month. The Lui)ins, blue
and white, make a fine show this month; and
one of the finest plants of the month, without
a doubt, is Thaliclrum aquilegifolium— a mass of
this, associated with blue Lupins, is simply charm-
ing. For lines or carpeting for other plants,
Dactylis glomerata, Gnaphalium lanatum, Cerastium
tomentosa, and many of the Saxifrages are pretty
and useful.

Amongother interesting plants in bloom this month
are Veronica gentianoides, Polemonium coeruleum
and P. c. variegata, PotentiUas and Aquilegias in
variety, Anthericum liliastrum (St. Bernard's Lily),
Geranium collinum, with pretty blue flowers; and
Papaver orientale, the brilliant but short-lived
Poppy.

Many of the June flowers will be in full beauty
through July, and a multitude is added in this
month — far too many to notice in this paper. The
Delpliiniums in variety are prominent for their
beauty during this month, and may be planted to
associate most pleasingly with jnany other plants.
Carnations and Picotees and the late flowering and
beautiful white Pink, Mre. Sinkins, are now in

perfection. Polygonum Brunonis, one of the hand-
somest and most useful plants for grouping I know,
is now at its best, and will keep good to the
middle or end of October ; and even when the flowers
are destroyed by frost, its foliage assumes a warm
bron/.e colour, which is very pleasing to look at, and
which it retains through the winter.

Herbaceous Phloxes need only be mentioned ; the
display of them which is possible if the best varieties
are planted in rich soil is sometliing magnificent,
and will last until cut down by frost in October.
Almost as much m.-iy be said in favour of herba-
ceous Pyrethrums, the beauty of the varieties of
which as exhibited at horticultural shows is simply
bewitching.

Veronica incana is a fine old plant, and is always
admired, not only for its pretty blue flowers, but also
for its pleasing foliage. Sedum grandifiorum is a
most useful plant for the flower garden. As a car-
peting for taller plants it is unique ; its pale silvery
foliage looks well at all times, and when in flower, as
it is during this month, it is very attractive. Pent-
stemons are showy and popular flowers, as are Paionia
albiflora. Lychnis chalcedonica, bright scarlet, useful
for massing; Campanula persicifolia and grandis
alba, both having lovely white flowers ; and Campa-
nula latifolia and C. carpatica ; Spirrea Aruncus, S.
palmata, S. ulmaria plena, fine for effect and useful
for cutting; and the purple and white Thrift for
lines. Indeed the hardy plants which bloom in July
form a long list.

The plants useful for massing to produce an effect
in the month of August are tlie following : — The
Gladiolus, the Hollyhock, the Dahlia, Lobelia
cardiualis, Lilium candidura, Malva moschata alba.
Verbena venosa. JIany other plants mentioned as
flowering in July will flower on through August
and beyond it. I must not pass over one annual
which can be had iu great perfection tliis month,
namely, the China Aster.

The following plants are well adapted for planting
in large bold masses, alone, or at the back of
herbaceous borders : — Centaurea macrocephala, a
noble looking plant of erect habit, witli very large
heads of showy yellow flowers (heiglitS feet) ; Acoui-
tum Napellus, a tall growing plant, with dark blue
flowers, very effective — it should not be grown in the
kitchen garden on account of the poisonous nature of
its roots ; Bocconia cordata, a distinct looking plant,
5 to 6 feet high, with pretty foliage and pale yellow
flowers ; Eupatorium cannabiuum roseum, an in-
teresting plant, 3 to 4 feet high, with reddish-purple
flowers ; Hypericum hircinum, a fine shrubby looking
plant, 5 feet high, with yellow flowers ; and the sweet
Everlasting Peas.

In September many hardy Lilies will be in fine
form, including the old Tiger Lily. Early flowering
Chrysanthemums, too, will be coming in now. One
of the prettiest arrangements I have seen this year
was a bed of Madame Desgrangc Chrysantliomum,
edged with a dwarf blue Michaelmas Daisy (Aster
bessarabicus, I think). The Tritomas will now be in
fine form, and also the many good varieties of
Jlichaelmas Daisies. Anemones of sorts are now in
magnificent fiower, and so is Verbena venosa, a plant
witli a very pleasing colour wlien seen in masses.
The Winter Cherry (Physalis alkekcngi) also makes
a pretty and interesting bed during this month.
Campanula pyramidalis must not be left out. It is
a grand old plant, and should be grown hy every one.
It is also a fine object when grown in a ]iot, and will
remain fresh in rooms as long as any fiower that
I am acquainted with.

AVitli October come usually severe frosts and the
consequent slaughter of many flowers, so that there
are but few to note in this month, especially towards
the end. The China Roses are about the brightest
things we have (as, indeed, they liave been most of
the summer). Colchicum autumnale is always lovely
at tliis time, and the few beds of Clematis Jack-
manni are much admired. Sedum spectabile — a
noble-looking Stonecrop — is finely in bloom at this
time, and is indispensable as an October blooming
plant. Statice latifolia, with lavender- coloured

flowers, is very pretty through September and Octo-
ber. Aster fragilis, mutabilis, laxus, grandiflorus,
damascus, bessarabicus, and coccineus, are still
blooming. Chrysanthemum uliginosum — a stately-
looking plant — is quite a sheet-anchor for those
who have cutting to do at this time for harvest
festivals, &c. Eudbeckia subtomeiitosa, a tall-grow-
ing variety with yellow flowers ; and Rudbeckia
Newmaniana, is still iu bloom, but is at its best in
September.

With the advent of November we bid farewell to
most flowers out-of-doors. The only one worth
notice with us is tlie pretty and persistent flowerer,
Viola Bluebell. In December we seem to begin
life again with the advent of the Christmas Rose
and Jasminum nudiflorum. 0. T. C.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

EKIA MUSCICOLA.
Quite a pigmy among Orchids is the little plant
the subject of this note, which is now flowering
in the Kew collection. The raceme is three-quarters
of an inch, and bears two flowers over two lines
long, of a pale pellucid yellowish-green. The leaves
are a third of an inch long, and the clustered little
globose-depressed pseudobulbs two lines in diameter.
It was a matter of some ditficulty to find a name for
this vegetable pigmy, for it has so much the appear-
ance of a Bulbophyllum ;'but the eight pollen-masses
decided in favour of Eria, and its name was found.
It is a native of Ceylon. The Kew plant, however,
has not attained its full development, for native
specimens are considerably larger, and bear racemes
of more numerous flowers. It may perhaps find a
home in collections where miniatures are appre-
ciated, but is certainly no plant for those who only
care for showy species, i?. A. Ji.

Masdetallia muscosa.
This, probably the most interesting of all M.asdc-
vallias, is again in flower at Kew. It is evidently
happy under cultivation, having nearly doubled itself
in size, and flowered now for the second time within
a year. Until recently this plant was supposed to
be the only one iu cultivation, but I learn that it
also exists in Messrs. Low's collection at Clapton.
It has been grown along with other Jlasdevallias in
a pit facing north, and heavily shaded in summer,
being removed from this, however, to a lighter one
during winter. It is found advantageous with
this, as with all small Masdevallias, to keep them
suspended near the glass — a somewhat curious fact,
seeing that they require a dense shade. The peculiar
features of the flower are its mossy peduncle and the
extreme sensitiveness of the labellum, a touch with
a hair being sufficient to cause the latter to curl up
with a jerk against the column. A full description
of this species, with an interesting account of its
history and manner of working, may be seen in the
last volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 836.
W. B.

VaSDA CffiRULEA AND ITS Cl'LTURE.

Many Orchid-houses are now brightened by the
flowers of this valuable Orchid, for now that its
culture is better understood by gardeners its popu-
larity is much increased. Nevertheless, there are still
many who do not possess plants of it, so that it may
be worth while once more to draw attention to its
beauty and usefulness, and to the essential points in
its successful culture. The colour of the flower is
an unusual one in Orchids, .and is variously described
as blue, pale blue, and lavender ; the petals and
sepals are beautifully tcsselated, and in very good
varieties almost overlap each other, forming a flower
3 or 4 inches in diameter. Sometimes spikes of con-
siderably over twenty flowers are produced, but even
with half that number their effect it not easily sur-

The time of flowering — from September to
December— is also a strong point in its favour. Not

OcroBER ■2'.\ 1S87.]

fHE GAEjDEN^JUS' CUliONlCLE.

523

Ions; ago it was accounted one of the most difficult of
all Orchids to keep alive and healthy for more than
two or three years : this mainly arose from sub-
ecting the plants to too high a temperature with
an insufficiency of light and air-conditions almost
invariably indicated by spotty leaves. A somewhat
costly experience has taught us better. Growing on
its native hills in Khasya, Vanda cccrulea experiences
great variation in temperature, hot days and cold
nights being the rule. Only the other day I heard
a gentleman who has long resided in that part of
India s.ay that occasionally the thermometer falU
below 3'2°, but that no permanent injury is done to
the plants. Of course this is not desirable for
plants under cultivation, and the Cattleya-honse,
because of its lightness and airiness, is now con-
sidered most suitable for them. Last October,for the
sake of experiment, out of about thirty plants we
placed twelve in the Odoutoglossum-house ; these are
now flowering with as much freedom as the others left
with the Cattleyas, and the foliage, if anything, is of
a deeper green. It is true that the summer was
unusually hot and sunny, and the time is too short to
justify a definite statement, but I should not hesitate
to recommend any one whose sole accommodation is a
cool house, to give this species a trial, selecting the
lightest position, taking every favourable opportunity
of admitting fresh air ; and withholding water, say
from December until the growing points of the roots
appear in spring. Under whatever conditions they
are placed, however, abundance of water is
necessary during summer. The plants can be grown
in pots or ordinary baskets, but cylinders are much to
be preferred ; these may be about 1 foot in height,
with cross pieces at the middle, the lower half re-
maining empty. One plant, ifstrong, is sufficient for
a cylinder, if weaker, three. In planting, the roots
should first be arranged so that some come outside,
then fill in with clean crocks and charcoal, finishing
with about 3 inches of sphagnum at the top. It will
be necessary to renew the sphagnum and loose crocks
once a year, and it is best to do this in early spring
before growth recommences. IF. B.

Our own estimate of the yield of the Wheat crop
of 1886 was 29\ bushels. This is considerably higher
than that of the Government above quoted, and it is
also higher than the estimates of others. Accord-
ing to our figures the available supply of home
produce was nearly -S million quarters. Even wit,i
our higher estimate of the home crop there is
still a deficiency in the imports for the esti-
mated requirements for humau coiisnmption, to
say nothiug of the amount consumed by stock.
The evidence so far would thus seem to sug-
gest the question whether there has not been
some decline in the consumption per head of the
population. At the same time it should be stated
that if we take our own estimates of tlie available
home produce and the recorded imports for the whole
period of the eleven harvest years 187ti-7 to 188G-7
inclusive, for which we have adopted a consumption
of 5-65 bushels per head, the result shows precisely
that amount available, if no allowance be made for
consumption by stock. It is obviously desirable,
however, that those who are engaged in forming
these estimates of the yield of the Wheat crop should
also endeavour to ascertain the facts as to the
quantity of Wheat consumed by stock.

The following table gives the produce of Wheat in
1887, on selected plots in the experimental field at
Kothamsted, which has now grown the crop for
forty-four years in succession. The plots selected
are the same, as to description and quantity of
manure employed, as have been adopted in our
estimates of the yield of the country from 1852 up to
the present time.

THE WHEAT CROP OF 1887.

The very low prices during the last few years
have, it is supposed, induced farmers to use a not
inconsiderable quantity of their Wheat as food for
stock. The amount so withdrawn from human con-
sumption is quite unknown. It has been estimated
by some to be considerably less than 1,000,000, and
by others to be even as much as 2,000,000 quarters
within the harvest year. Whatever the amount may
be, it is evident that a new element of uncertainty is
thus introduced into onr estimates of the quantity of
imported Wheat required to supply the deficiency of
the home-grown crop.

The Jgricul/uml Produce Statistics, published at
the beginning of the year, give as the result of
inquiries in 14,000 parishes in Great Britain, and
many in Ireland, an average yield of 2089 bnshels
per acre for the Wheat crop of the United Kingdom
in 1886. If we deduct from this amount 2rf bushels
per acre for seed, as we did in the case of our own
estimate, it leaves only 7\ million quarters available
for consumption by the population and for stock
feeding. The imports, less exports, for the harvest
year ending August 31, 1887, amounted to 17J mil-
lion quarters, making altogether a total of little
over '2ik million quarters. But assuming the
consumption per head of the population to be rr65
bushels— which is the figure we have adopted for the
last ten years— the amount so required would, inde-
pendently of the quantity consumed by stock, be
26.V million quarters, or 2 million quarters more than
the estimated available home produce and imports
taken together. By the kindness of Jlessrs. Beer-
bohm, I have been furnished with a statement of the
amount of Wheat, and of flour reckoned as Wheat,
in warehouse on July 1, 1886, and July 1, 1887, from
which it appears that the stocks were slightly the
higher in 1887, whilst it is estimated that subse-
quently to that date they somewhat increased.

lluskels of Dressed Grain per Acre.

Present year, 1887 14| 31} 29i' 34} 39J 3Ji

Average 10 years, ,

1877-86 ... ... Hi 31S 3"? I 35 ! 36}

.\verage 25 years, I ' .1 .

1*52-76 ... ... 135 31i m 3-S 36S

Average 35 veara, '

185J°66 ...■ ... 13 33; 32J I 36i 36}

Weight per llushd 0/ Dressed Grain in Pounds.

Present year, 1887

59}

62}

63

63ii 63

62}

67}

Average 10 years,
1877-86

58;

60>

60;

eofj 59}

60i

6(1}

Average 25 years,
1853-76

57}

60}

59|

69SI 68J

59

69

Average 35 year-,
1852-S6

68}

6L1;-

1
59J 59J 585

695

59;

Total Straa; Chaff, Ijc, per Acre, CvJt.

Present year, 1887 8 1 30J ' 24J

Average 10 years,
1877 86 ... ... 1 8S 24 : 33

Average 25 years, I '

"=i-j I 12 33 34

1852-76

Average 35

1852-80 ...

31J 33}

40}' 41J

After the splendid weather of June and July, and
during harvest, it is somewhat disappointing to
obtain a produce which only slightly exceeds an
average crop of 28 bushels. There can be no doubt
that for the lighter descriptions of soil the summer
was too dry, and that on them the natural result
would be a crop short in straw, and with a shrunken
grain. Even here, with a somewhat richer loam, the
amount of straw was considerably below the average,
and that of the grain only very slightly above it, but
the -weight per bushel of the grain was much above
the average.

In endeavouring to account for the low yield of

* Equal to 282 bushels, at 61 lb. per bushel,
t Equal to 25 bushels, at 61 lb. per bushel.
I Equal to 27} bushels, at 61 lb. per bushel.
% Equal to 26S bn-liel», at 61 lb. p"^ bushel.

our experimental Wheat crop, it may be observed
that, in a paper we published some years ago,
entitled " Our Climate and our Wheat Crops," it was
shown how much the success of the crop depended
on favourable conditions of season before the period
of active above-ground growth, especially so far as
bulk of produce was concerned. But reference to
the records published by the Jleteorological Office
shows that, in the Eastern, and Midland Counties of
England, the mean temperature was below, and fre-
quently much below, the average, in twenty-two out
of the twenty-seven weeks ending June 6, and that
it was especially low during the critical months of
April and May. Thus, in the week ending May 2,
it was 8°, and in the last two weeks of the month it
was, respectively, 6° and 4° below the average. In
October, November, and December, taken together,
there was an excess of rain, but subsequently there
was a deficiency to May inclusive, and a very ffreat
deficiency afterwards ; in fact the plant had suffered
from drainage in early winter, and from deficiency
of rain and unusually low temperatures, far into the
spring, so that it was not in a condition to take
advantage of the hot and dry weather which com-
menced early in June, and continued until the crrp
was harvested. For light soils there was an absolute
deficiency of moisture ; but where this was not the
case the general result was deficient bulk of pro-
duce, but high proportion of grain to straw, and high
weight per bushel of grain. In some cases indeed,
where the condition of the land was favourable, very
high yields have been obtained. Thus, I have before
me a reliable record of a produce of 57 bushels < f
Wheat per acre in a field in an immediately adjoin-
ing parish, and some of the Kothamsted crops give a
very high yield per acre, and very high weight per
bushel.

With such unusually great differences of result
under different conditions, as was also the case last
year from different causes, it is difficult to form an
accurate estimate of the average yield of the country
at large ; indeed, it is probable that the results of
threshing will this year show much greater irregu-
larity of yield than usual. The Kothamsted result
of 28^ bushels, which more probably under than over
rates the crop of the country, if calculated upon the
slightly increased area this year, namely, 2,383,584
acres, gives an aggregate produce for the United
Kingdom, of 8,454,275 quarters. Hitherto we have
always deducted '2\ bushels per acre for seed, but this
is supposed to be too high an average at the present
time, and if we deduct only 3 bushels, there remain
7,858,371), or rather less than 8,000,000 quarters
available for consumption. Still, estimating the con-
sumption per head of the population at 6'65 bushels,
the requirement for the harvest year would be
26,419,940 or nearly 26,500,000 quarters, of which
about 18,500,000 quarters would have to be supplied
by stocks and imports.

For some reason the imjiorts of Wheat have been
below the estimated requirements for the last two
years. Whether, or to what extent, this is due to
previous accumulations, to the home crops having
been underrated, or to a reduction in the consump-
tion of bread and flour, there is not sufficient evidence
to decide conclusively. If there has been a reduceil
consumption, the question arises whether there has
been an increased consumption of other foods.
During the last few years there has been some in-
crease in the number of both cows and other cattle
kept, but there has, upon the whole, been a reduc-
tion in the number of both sheep and pigs. In fact
the records, neither of the home production nor of
the imports, of animal food, afford evidence of any
material increase in the consumption per head of
such foods.

Further, a careful examination of the amounts of
the imports of other articles used as human food,
shows in the aggregate a reduction rather than an
increase, in proportion to the population. In such
articles as Rice and Potatos, for example, which
would to some extent substitute Wheat, the decline
in the imports is very marked. Thus, whilst during
the five vears 1877 — 81, the average annual import*

524

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 29, 1887.

of Potatos amounted to 305,277 tons ; during the
five years 1S82 — Sfi they amounted to only 156,017
tons, or to considerably less than one half. Nor is it
probable that the amount of Maize flour used has at
all materially affected the consumption of Wheat.
The indication would thus seem to be, therefore, that
if the consumption of Wheat has really declined,
either the total consumption per head of the popu-
lation has also declined, or that the deficiency in the
"Wheat imports has been compensated by increased
supplies of home-grown goods. >So far as Potatos
are concerned, however, the AgriciUttiral Produce
Statistics show a decline in area, in produce per acre,
and in aggregate produce, both in 1S85 and in 1886,
compared with 1884. On the other hand there has,
notwithstanding an increase in the imports of other
vegetables, been a considerable increase in the area
devoted to market gardening during the last few
years, and also an increase in the area of allotment
gardens. It would obviously be a ground of satisfac-
tion should further information and consideration
show that, notwithstanding the very low prices of
grain, there has been a larger consumption of some
other home-produced foods.

Whilst it is obviously of importance to the grower
that his Wheat crop should yield well, it has ceased
to be a question of any interest to the consumer
whether the yield of the home crop is a few bushels
per acre more or less. Nor does such a diiference
on our much reduced area at all materially afiect the
supply from foreign sources. During the eight
harvest years, 1852-3 to 1859-60, which were the
first of our estimates of the home Wheat crop, nearly
three-fourths of the aggregate amount consumed was
of home growth^ and little more than one-fourth was
derived from foreign sources ; but during the eight
years, 1878-9 to 1885-6, little more than one-third
has been provided by the home crop, and nearly two-
thirds by imports ; and were it not for the value of
the straw for bedding purposes, it is probable that
the reduction in the area under the crop would have
been even greater than has actually been the case.

Although greater facilities for acquiring land have
been afforded by the Acts of Parliament recently
passed there is not much probability that the result
will be an increase in the area under Wheat or other
grain crops ; or, in fact, that tillage on a small scale
will successfully compete with arable farming as at
present practised. Xor is it likely that there will be
any permanent extension of peasant holdings of
pasture laud, excepting in localities where the soil
and climate are specially favourable for permanent
grass. But garden allotments, as distinguished from
peasant holdings, or from farm allotments, are a
very great advantage to the masses of the population,
and will, no doubt, continue to extend as they have
done largely during the last quarter of a century.
J, B. Laives, Hothaoistcd, Oct. 14.

The Rock Garden.

ARGEMONE MEXICANA.

This curious plant is not often seen outside
botanical collections; yet it is a well worth a
place either in the rock garden or the herbaceons
border, where a well grown plant of it is an attrac-
tive object. It bears large yellow flowers, which are
succeeded by curious prickly seed-pods. It is not by
any means a "new" plant, as the following note
occurs in Gerard's Herbal: — '' The Golden Thistle of
Peru, called in the West Indies, Figue del Inferno
(Infernal Fig). A friend of mine brought it me from
St. John's Island, West Indies. What reason the
inhabitants have to call it so is to me unknown, un-
less it be because of his fruit, which doth much re-
semble a Fig in shape and bigness, but so full of sharp
and venomous prickle, that whosoever had one of
them in his throat, doubtless it would send him pack-
ing either to heaven or hell." A. mexicana is a
perennial plant, and is not at all particular about soil.

A good companion plant to it is A. grandi-
(lora, an annual bearing large white flowers; which,

however, quickly drop like all Papaveraceous flowers,
but as they are developed in quick succession this is
not very noticeable. J. }V. Odcll, Barron Fuiiit,
Pinner.

Chrysanthemoi aecticum.
One of the best Chrj'santhemums we have
lately had in flower on the rockery is called
C. arcticum, and I believe I have seen the same
plant labelled C. speciosum, but I failed to find
the latter name amongst the European species. C.
arcticum is a well-known autumn plant ; indeed,
with the exception of C. Zawardskii, it is the only
one in the genus at present in decent flower. It has
a somewhat straggling habit, always more or less
procumbent, only growing a foot or so high, and
interfering little with its neighbours. The flowers
are about 2 inches in diameter, white, rose-tinted,
the latter well marked as the blooms get old. Stem
branched in two to six divisions, each branchlet
terminating with a single flower. Leaves pinnatifid,
pinnae broad, serrated with blunt teeth. D.

SAXIFRAGA LIGULATA VAR.
CI LI ATA.

The Megas^ja, or Bergenia section of Saxifrages,
to which the subject of the illustration on p. 525
belongs, is one of great importance in the garden
for spring effect, and especially so in places, on
bold rockeries, or natural stony banks, where they
make a prominent feature. Few plants are more
imposing in groups, in the early spring months,
than S. ligulata, S. crassifolia, S. Stracheyi, &c., and
their varieties. S. ciliata (fig. 104) is placed as a
variety of S. ligulata in the Flora of British India,
and no doubt correctly so, although it diff'ers in many
important details from that species, It is perhaps
the least hardy of this group, though we find that
when planted with a view to shelter from the cutting
east winds in spring, it scarcely suffers at all. It
increases rapidly, and throws up in abundance its
large rose-coloured flowers, surpassing in size and
beauty most of the others. S. thysanodes, Lindl.,
figured in the Botanical Register, 32, t. 33, is doubt-
less only a form of this S. ciliata, with larger flowers
than Dr. Royle's figure, white instead of rose-tinted,
and^with leaves perhaps somewhat more ciliate. No
reference is given in the above Flora to this figure,
tliough in the text the plant is said to have been
introduced from India. Another interesting species,
S. Jlilesii, Baker, figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
July 22, 1882, is quite hardy, and a great acquisition
to our collection. S. purpurascens is another hand-
some purple flowered species, growing best, however,
in shady situations. D.

OUR NATIVE FERNS.

(Continued from p. 3W,J

List of the Best Varieties. — Having now learnt
how to find Ferns, how to grow them when found, and
how to propagate them when grown, it behoves the
student to know which are the choicest forms extant
among the varieties found and raised at the present
date. Moore's Nature-Printed British Ferns, and Mr.
E. J. Lowe's Oier Native Ferns and New and Rare Ferns,
afford the best idea yet published of the range of
variation ; but so many beautiful forms have been
found and raised subsequently, taking the place of
inferior ones, which have dropped out of cultivation,
that considerable revision would be necessary to
bring those records up to date. I therefore subjoin a
list of varieties which may be relied upon as repre-
senting the majority of the most beautiful forms
known 'at the present time, omitting the merely
curious ones, except where their singularity is such
as to justify their admission.* The reader is as-
sumed to be acquainted with the normal forms.

Adiantum Capillm-veneris (Maidenhair) var. cornu-
biense. — Wild variety. Counterp.irt in our British
Ferns of the magnificent A. Farleyense, from which,
when well grown, it is not easily distinguished except
by its smaller size.

Aspleniiim Adiantum nigrum (Black Maidenhair

* Such form? as are only in private hands are a\v3 omitted,

Spleeuwort) var. grandiceps. — Wild. Heavily crested,
flat fan-shape crest at the tip of the frond and pinnie
to match ; an extraordinary sport.

Asplenium Trichomancs (Maidenhair Spleenwort)
var. cristatum. — Wild. A handsomely crested
form, with a heavy flat spreading crest, sometimes
3 inches across.

incisum. — Wild. This is the plumose form of
the species, pinna: deeply cut and divided,
always barren. Clapham's variety is the best,
and very beautiful indeed.

Asplenium marinum (Sea Spleenwort) var. imbri-
catum. — A congested very distinct form, with the
pinna: overlapping.

Athyrium filix-fceiuina (Lady Fern). — This well-
known Fern is one of the easiest to cultivate, and has
probably afforded a greater number of well marked
varieties than any other species. Indeed, when once
it has departed from the normal type, its liability to
vary again in the seedlings is so great, that the im-
possibility of recording or naming all the freakish
shapes it assumes, has brought it into some dis-
repute amongst connoisseurs through an actual
surfeit of variation. This drawback, however, only
applies to some of the varieties, whose progeny
grow, as it were, anyhow, while the parents are
eccentric and inconstant ; but a great number of the
finest and most beautiful forms are as constant as
can be wished, and to the best of these belong the
following : —

acrocladon. — Wild. This and its progeny re-
presents the extreme of cristation, the fronds
appearing like balls of moss on branching
stalks. Found by the roadside on a Yorkshire
moor. Spores are occasionally produced, and
these have yielded several even finer forms,
viz. : —

velutinum. — Like balls of velvet instead of

moss.

glomeratum. — Branching, like the parent,

but distinct, and even more beautiful in its

ultimate division.

clarissimum. — This form is remarkable, not merely
for the delicacy of its division, but for repro-
ducing itself in a unique fashion by the pheno-
menon of apospory (for details of which vide
Gard. Chron., March H, 1885).

congestum. — Very dense, and overlapping ; dwarf.

c. cristatum, Fitt ; and c. grandiceps, Fitt. — Two
crested forms of the foregoing, the latter heavily
crested.

c. minus (Edwardsii). — A little gem, much smaller
than preceding, and with curly pinna;.

corymbiferura, James. — Frond and pinniE-tipsTery
heavily tasselled : large grower.

coronatum. — Finely crested, crest stiff, like a crown
or coronet.

Fielda:.^ — Very narrow fronds, pinnK set on in ra-
diating groups of two or three, and shortened ;
fronds ending abruptly.

Frizelliea;. — Pinna: contracted into round ball-like
masses, so that the Fern looks rather like a
huge Asplenium trichomanes. There are many
forms of it, but nearly all have a terrible habit
of reverting piecemeal to the normal form ;
absolutely common pinna; making their appear-
ance most erratically and unexpectedly. There
are, however, some constant forms, such as —

F. nauum var. ramosum. — A dwarf form, with
several fronds to a stalk ; neat and very pretty.

F. namosum, syn. Applebyanum.^Very finely tas-
selled ; sometimes the crests are 5 or 6 inches
across, all the divisions bearing the round pinna;
of the type.

kalothrix. — This variety has no parallel in any
other species. It originated from a plumose
form, and is of normal outline, but is so finely
divided that it looks as if composed of fine green
silk or spun glass. It is unrivalled for delicacy
of appearance. Naturally it requires perfect
shelter, and demands good drainage or it damps
off in winter. Kalothri.x means beautiful hair,
and describes it exactly.

plumosum variety Axminster. — Wild. It is

October 29, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEB8' CHnONICLE.

525

very delicately divided, and is the parent of
some splendid varieties, especially —

p. elegans. Parsons.— A great improvement, being
divided like the finest lace. Strange to say, this
form, in two well established instances, pro-
duced about 90 per cent, of splendidly crested
plants from its spores, though in itself it has not
a visible trace of a cresting tendency.

p. Horsfall. — Another delicately divided wild form,
but very distinct from the former. A form
closely resembling this yielded Kalothrix as ii
seedling.

pulcherrimum. — Normal outline but very delicately
cut.

setigeram. — Exquisitely divided, and, though of
normal outline, yields a large proportion of
crested progeny from its spores. These, how-
ever, generally revert sooner or later to the
parent type.

dies in an apparently mysterious fashion. The best
forms are —

Aitkenianum. — Wild. Fronds branch flatly,
several times, forming fine fan-like crest ; very
striking.

cladophorum. — Divides very eccentrically into
curved, flat crests.

concinnum, Druery, — Wild. Pinna; all con-
tracted into round, seiTated lobes, like small
scallop shells ; barren fronds, about one-
quarter of an inch wide, but of normal length ;
very distinct.

lineare, Barnes. — AA'ild. Same shape as last,
but lobes plain, and mostly confluent.

multifurcatum, Barnes, syn.trinervium coronarium.
— Wild find. Starry, radiating crests ; very neat
and peculiar.

imbricatum, Snell.— Wild. Pinnse densely over-
lapping.

ciLiATA. (see p. 524.)

Vemonite. — Wild. Very beautiful, divisions being
wavy, giving a very distinct character. This
has yielded —
V. corymbiferum and V. cristatum, Jones. — Two
beautifully crested forms, the first with tufted,
the second with flat crests.
VictoritE. — Wild, and in some respects the most
remarkable of all. Pinnre all double, and set on
at about right angles to each other, so that the
frond resembles a series of crosses. All the
extremities bear long slender tassels, and the
double character of the pinnae extends to
the smaller divisions. The spores produce
the type, but generally coarser than the original
find.
Blechnum Spicant (hard Fern). — This Fern is dis-
tinguished by producing two sorts of fronds, the
fertile ones being more erect and narrower than the
barren ones. It is thoroughly evergreen, and has
afforded some very beautiful sports. Lime in the
soil, or even hard water, is fatal to It ; hence, it often

trinervium, Hodgson. — Wild. Basal lobes of
each frond developed into smaller fronds, so
that each is triple. Eare, but too distinct to
omit.

ramosum, Kinahan. — Wild. Finely crested form,
fronds branching before cresting, ends of
pinna; dilated.

ramo-cristatum Maunder. — Wild. Fronds branch
several times, with heavy crests. This has
yielded

Maunderii. — Far more densely crested than the
parent.

serratum Airey, Nos. 1 and 2. — Two most beautiful
forms, of normal outline, but with pinna; much
divided ; No. 1, indeed, might be regarded as
the plumose form of the species, being tripiunate
when well grown, and chary of spores,
crispissimum. — Dwarfest of all, densely congested,
very pretty ; fifteen of these plants originated
at once in a batch from an altogether dissimilar
form of B. spicant strictum,

Cystopteris fraglHs (Brittle Bladder Fern).— This
delicate little Fern has not sported much.

Dickeana. — Wild. Normal outline, but frond

much denser ; very pretty.
D. crispa. — Much denser yet, and curled in its parts.
Last rcate inula (recurva). Hay-scented Fern. — Until
a few years ago had yielded no variety worthy of
attention ; one, however,

cristata, has been found wild in North Devon, and

being more symmetrically and heavily crested

throughout, is a gem of the first water. It is

remarkably constant in its progeny.

Lagtrea (lilafata (Broiid Buckler Fern) has yielded

some very beautiful varieties.

cristata gracilis. — A slender graceful form, tasselled

both in frond-tips and pinnae,
lolioso-cristata. — Magnificently crested form, found
in the Azores, but admitted here, as the species
is British also,
grandiceps, Barnes. — Very finely and heavily
crested; crest tufty. C. T. Druery.
i To be continued,)

OCTOBER PEARS.

At the first monthly dinner of the Horticultural
Club for the present season, as mentioned in our
previous number, Mr. Geo. Bunyard read a paper on
" October Pears," which we here give. An
interesting discussion took place, in which most of
those present joined.

"In bringing before you the above subject, I should,
at the outset, observe that I feel there is little to
be added to the present sum of knowledge on the
subject, by the few remarks I am about to make in
the limited time .allowed me for the purpose. Owing
to the late spring and the protracted drought thePears
of September will, in some cases, be in season in
October, but as this is abnormal I will confine myself
to those usually in season in the present month.

It has been observed by competent judges that all
the good Pears may be counted on one's fingers,
which in a degree is true. Mr. Barron's Pear Con-
ference Report gives fifteen varieties only which had
over fifty votes, as the selection of one hundred
exhibitors at the 1866 Chiswick Conference ; and Mr.
Dunn gives fifteen as selected by the exhibitors at
Edinburgh (having over twenty votes) ; of this number
the cream (nine varieties) come in season in the South-
ern Counties during October — viz., 1, Louise Bonne of
Jersey ; 2, Marie Louise ; 3, Beurr^ Superfin ; 4,
Buerr^ Hardy ; 5, Pitmaston Duchess ; 6, Fondante
d'Automne ; 7, Thomson's ; 8, Comte de Lamy ; 9.
Emily d'Heyst. I intend to confine my remarks to
the above, being those suited for dessert, and which
no connoisseur of Pears would oliject to use himself.

1. Louise Bonne of Jersey. — This succeeds on the
Quince, and makes a fertile pyramid. The fruit is
of very refreshing flavour, juicy; the best flavoured
coming from standards on the Pear stock, on which
it succeeds well.

2. Marie Louise. — Best flavoured from open trees,
but seldom bears freely, as the blossom is tender ;
very fertile as a wall Pear and as an espalier ; requires
much root-pruning as a pyr.amid, is not happy on the
Quince.

3. Beurrf Superfin. — Very fine as a pyramid on the
Quince, producing handsome richly flavoured fruit ;
fertile ; also a good grower.

4. Beurre Hardy. — This possesses a rich, unique
flavour; a beautiful grower as a pyramid, and very
fertile ; fine on a wall ; succeeds on the Quince.

5. PitfUaston Duchess. — Large, not always of fine
quality, but yet so handsome as to be worthy of cul-
ture in any form ; hardy, and a free bearer ; succeeds
on the Quince.

6. Fondante d'Automne. — One of the sweetest and
best meltieg Pears, forms a fertile pyramid on the
Quince, and is good in any form.

7. Thompson's.— One ol the finest Pears; very
melting in texture ; thin skinned, of delicious flavour,
distinct, and valuable ; succeeds on the Pear, but
requires double working on the Quince.

8. Comte de Lamy. — Particularly rich in flavour;

52fi

TH E GA BDENE li S ' C HB 0 NI CL E.

[October 2a, 1887.

very fertile on the Pear or Quince ; rather an awk-
ward grower, as it bears on the points, and has much
hare wood, as many eyes fail to ,«tart.

9. Emilc ii!'//cvs/'.— Shape lilie Marie Louise ; very
fertile both on tlie Pear and Quince ; very little
known, but most desirable; of rich honeyed flavour.
In use towards the end of October.

All the above form good cordons, except Comte
de Lamy.

In order to make the October Pears complete, the
following may be added as worthy of a place in the
garden, though not always of choice flavour or texture ;
still some are valuable substitutes when tlie better
class fail to bear:—

1. O.Uar rf'Se.— A very sweet rich Pear ; profuse

bearer.

2. Graham's Autumn Nd%s.—?,ma.\\, but delicious :
ft sweetmeat, crowded out by larger sorts.

3. Boyenni Boussoeh. — Fertile, of refreshing
aciditv.

4. biirondeau.—'LD.Tge and feitile, and fairly good.

5. ,SVy'H«.— Small, but delicious.

6. limn-e Boso.— Of rich flavour.

7! Eyewood.—'Roii Chretien flavoured ; a very good
small Bcrgamot kind ; most fertile.

8. Beurrd />iV?.— Of peculiar richness (end of
October).

The market varieties for October would be Beurre
de Capiaumont, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Rivers'
Fertility, Marie Louise d'Uccle, Louise Bonne of
Jersey, Pitmaston Duchess, Beurri Bosc. These are
for growth on standards, or, better, as half-standards,
crop being all-important.

1 cannot let this opportunity slip without a word
as to culture. It is most important that the roots
he kept near the surface, that they may have the
benefit of the sun warmth in the soil, for it is mainly
on these that the fruit depends ; they are, in fact, the
Ibragers for size and flavour (as against the tap-
roots, which provide for the woody growth and
extension of the tree). To this end root-pruning is
a valuable aid ; and although from the general over-
worked condition of many gardeners this is not so
regularly carried out as could be desired ; still, as it
does away with much top-pruning, the operation is
all-important, and saves labour in other ways. Octobir
is the best time.

JIulching is valuable, but should only be carried
out when the tree has a good crop; and if extra-sized
clean fruits are desired, a previous dressing of Clay's
fertiliser or a similar stimulant will be useful. The
moss manure now so much in use is valuable, as it
contains fertilisers in a higli degree, and is neat in
appearance and handy for use. We employ it with
great benefit— f.^r., our Pears gained 3rd prize
at tlie Crystal I'alace, October 6, against comjieti-
tors wlio have grand walls and aged trees. T'pon this
mulching a liberal or rather copious supply of soft
water should be given once a fortnight in the dry
season. Some foliage may also be removed where it
shades the fruit, and the summer removal of insiil.;
Bpray will further assist the ripening of wood and add
size to the fruit.

Thinning must be carried out with caution until
the fruit is safely set, when all double bunches may
be reduced to one (unless the tree is partially
cropped, when it will carry them). As regards stocks
upon which the trees should he, for garden work,
except in very light soils, the Quince is preferable,
as its surface-rooting character is more amenable to
treatment, and it also takes nourishment more
readily.

In sandy soil those on the Pear stock alone should
be tried, though a few choice sorts on the Quince
might be grown in tubs or large pots sunk into the
ground, in which, of course, a suitable soil could I'e
used." On the same occasion

H. Balderson, Esij., of Comer Hall, brought ten
bunches of beautifully finished Grapes, which had
all been grown in one house without any partitions.
They included such kinds as Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Hamburgh, Golden Queen, Mrs, Pince, Muscat,
Trebbiano, and Buekland Sweetwater. He detailed
bis method of culture, and it was considered by all

present that it was very successfal, and, while all the
Grapes were good, the bunch of Mrs. Pince was con-
sidered equal to any that had been shown this year
as regards colour, size of bunch and berry, and enni-
plete finish.

The thanks of the meeting were given to Mr.
Bunyard and Mr. Balderson. Mr. C. T. Druery
brought some of his very handsome and service-
able en.anielled plant hibids.

THE Bulb Garden.

STERXBEKGIA LUTEA.

The great " autumne or winter DaifodiU " of Par-
kinson, which we see flowering everywhere just now,
appears to be a very variable plant, and apparently
capable of further development, ^^'e have seen a
few of the forms of this plant in bloom on the
rockery at Kew and elsewhere under their trade
names of sicula angustifolia, colchiciflora, and
a'tnensis, varying verj- little from each other either
in breadth of leaves, size of flowers, shade of colour,
or even in their individual freeuess, which is said to
be a character.

The names S. colchiciflora and ffitnensis belong
to an entirely dift'erent plant from S. lutea, flower-
ing in autumn also, but so distinct as to be readily
recognised at a glance. The characters given for the
two sections are : —

1. Sternbergia proper: peduncle short, flowering
autumn, leaves vernal, perianth tube long cylindrical.
S. colchiciflora and macrantha.

2. Oporanthus : peduncle produced flowers and
leaves cotemporary, perianth tube short, funnel
shaped. S. lutea and Fischeriana.

As will be seen from the above, S. colchiciflora is
quite distinct from the lutea set. It is the lesser
"autumne or winter Daftbdill " of Parkinson (Nar-
cissus autumnalis minor). The flower is much
smaller than lutea, with a distinct tube nearly an
inch long, with narrow oblanceolate segments of a
bright yellow. The peduncle is scarcely producer!
beyond the neck of the bulb, and in the living speci-
men which we have seen the fruit appeared sitting
on the neck of the bulb. The linear leaves are pro-
duced in spring along with the fruit, not in autumn,
as with S. lutea. S. dalmatica, pulchella, ffitnensis,
are mere varieties ; S. Schnberti and Clusiana are
synonyms. S. colchiciflora, though a very desirable
plant, is not nearly so handsome nor free-flowering
as S. lutea. So far, each bulb has produced single
flowers only ; they are small, however, and this may
accouut for it. S. lutea, which is well known, is one
of the most desirable autumn flowering plants we
possess for the open air, and, as stated above,
variable, but perhajis more in the floriferous cha-
racter of individual forms than either in leaves or
size of flowers.

The plant known in gardens as .S. eicula
does not appear to be the S. sicula of Tineo.
The latter has very narrow linear leaves, small
flowers with narrow segments ; quite the other ex-
treme from the robust forms of this species. The
name angustifolia may have been originally intended
for true sicula, which I have seen in cultivation, but
the plant known in gardens under tlmt n.ime now
seems an ordinary S. lutea. J'.

A Xew Ixdi.^x Lii.v.
Those who know most about the flm'a of India
may, or may not, be surprised to hear of what seems
to be an undescribed species of Lily growing in the
province of Rajpootanah, in the north-west of the
Indian peninsula, at a comparatively small elevation
above the sea-level. In the year 1S70 my son was
engaged in the construction of the Rajpootanali
State Railway, and observed a large number of Lilv
roots turned up with the soil. In August of the
same year he saw them flowering abundantly. They
continue along the line of railway for forty or fifty
miles, growing wherever a deep black soil, consisting
chiiHy of the (lihris of igneous rock, is found. The

situation is about lat. 24° 40" north, long. 73° east.
The elevation of the railway varies from 600 to
1.500 feet above the sea-level. The portion of the
railway lies between Abu Road Station and Nana
Station, skirting the Arivalli Hills. My son men-
tioned these Lilies to me at the time, but when I
consulted botanists about them I thought he must
have mistaken some other plants for Lilies, and as
he was soon after transferred to another district he
was unable to obtain any specimens. This year he
passed along the same line of railway in August,
when the Lilies were in full flower. He is now at
home, and has submitted to a minute cross-examina-
tion about them. He is convinced that they are
Lilies, and nothing else, and describes accurately the
bulb, composed of scales like that of the common
Orange Lily; the st.ilk and leaves, the nearest
resemblance to which he thinks to be borne by those
of L. callosum, having looked through all the figures
in Mr. Elwes's Monograph ; the flowers, two to six on
a stalk, corymbosely arranged, deflexed, and with
recurved narrow petals, passing from yellow at one
end to red at the other ; in size about equal to those
of L. pardalinum, but not spotted. There are no
bulbils in the axils of the leaves. The natives con-
sider the plant the emblem of strife, and call it
Larai-ka-phnl, or Flower of Strife. He has again
tried to get me bulbs, but in vain, as there is no
British station in the neigh Donrhood. I hope some
botanist mav be more successful. C. Wolley Dod,
iilye Hall, Marpas.

The Apiary.

GENERAL DIRECTIONS.

It will be quite safe now to open the entrances of
hives to their full width, so as to obtain a good
circulation of air. However cold the winter may
happen to be, it is perfectly safe to leave the
entrances thus the whole winter. Mr. Simmins
recommends very deep frames for winter, and where
more shallow frames are used he uses an empty
chamber underneath. His experience entirely coin-
cides with ours, and we have frequently recom-
mended a space to be left under the frames. If
moisture and mildew are to be dispensed with, some-
thing of this sort is necessary. An excellent plan to
secure thorough ventilation is also mentioned by the
same gentleman. He s.ays he frequently draws all
the frames to the back of the hive, and puts a
dummy (not a light fitting one) in front. The
frames are covered with some porous material. The
result is that air circulates in front of the frames,
and over them to the roof Thus there is a constant
change of air in the hive, and yet there is no draught,
and every particle of moisture is got rid of. By the
way, Mr. Simmins has just completed a new book on
bee-keeping, and though we have not yet seen it, we
are longing for it to come out of the hands of the
printer, as there is bound to be .an intellectual feast
in store.

An interesting piece of news comes from the land
of the Heather. There a bee-keeper has secured
204 lb. of honey from one hive ; 143 lb. came from
the usual sources, and 61 lb. from the Heather. It
seems that the hive in question was a large one, and
the bees covered twelve frames — a very large stock
indeed. In the spring of the year the frames were
transferred to a tiering hive, and it wiis then found
that eleven of the frames contained brood. By care-
fuUv spacing the brood-frames, and by careful
management, the above results were obtained. Of
course it must be remembered that only 143 Ih.
were obtained from the usual sources, and that the
remainder was obtained from the He.ather. People
often ask for the best localities to set up an apiary,
and we should say, other things being equal, the
regions of the Heather must have the pre-eminence.
In the same jmper (Sccord) we read of one bee-
keeper who sold 2 tons of honey last week ; so there
is a maiket for it. Both American and Canadian
honey is scarce this year, so English honey should
maintain its price. Waller Chitiy, Pcwsey.

October 29, 1887.1

THE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE.

527

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS OF
S5IYRNA.

An interesting Report on the Trade of Smyrna for
the years 1882 to 18S5 has just been issued by the
Foreign Ollice. It contains a large amount of
interesting matter on tlie products of the country,
from wliich wo gatlier the following notes referring
to those of vegetable origin.

Raisins. — These are described as the principal
article of export from Smyrna, a steady increase in
which lias been going on since 1832, when the value
was about £1,000.000, the advance reaching in 1885
no less than £1,282,000. The export of 1885 waa
the largest on record. In 1835 England took
17,1)25 tons of this frnit, the greater part being
.Sultanas, and the rest chiefly reds ; the total value of
her share amounting to £380,000. In the same
year France took 29,116 tons; but as these consisted
almost entirely of blacks to make the wine whicli
her own vineyards can no longer yield, the value of
lier share was some £20,000 less than that of
England. Austria took 10,636 tons, and Holland
11,984 tons, a large portion of which was in each case
shipped for Germany.

Fi(/s. — These are not exported to the same extent
as raisins, becivuse the Fig is more delicate than the
Grape, will only come to perfection in certain soils,
and is more liable to suft'er from the vicissitudes of
the weather. In average years this export has a
tendency to increase, but both crop and price are
subject to great fluctuations. England is the best
customer, as she generally takes nearly half the
export. France has increased her share largely
since 1882, and Austria and the United States have
also taken a large share. In I8S5 the crop was very
poor, and the export fell to less than half that of

1884. In 1S85 England took 43 per cent, of the
export, the remainder was distributed between the
United States, France, Austria, and Germany. The
Figs vary considerably in price according to their
quality.

ralonia. — Next to fruit this is the most valuable
export from Smyrna, and the larger portion of it is
shipped to the United Kingdom. The export is
generally pretty steady, though in 18.84 it was
unusually large, and the price fell considerably in

1885, owing to the abundant crop of the preceding
year.

Opium. — The export of this drug is dependent on
the season. In 1885 it was larger than usual, ex-
ceeding 4000 cases. England has hitherto taken
from 40 to 60 'per cent, of this export, but in 1884
and 1885 she appears to have taken less than the
Ignited States, though this may be explained by the
fact that the export now generally goes direct to
America in British vessels, instead of being reshipped
in England as formerly. Some 600 or 800 cases of
opium are shipped yearly to the Dutch East Indies.
Persian opium has competed seriously of late years
with that of Smyrna.

Liquorice Root. — The export has increased 55
per cent, from 1882 to 1885. The bulk is taken
by the United States ; a few tons only find their
way yearly to Europe. The bales weigh from 320
lb. to 340 lb., and the averiige shipping price is from
£S 10s. to £12 per ton. As the Americans convert
the root which Smyrna sends them into paste, a
small portion of this article is made in Smyrna for
European consumption. It is packed in cases con-
taining about 2 cwt. each.

Olive Oil. — This is described as a most uncertain
export, dependent almost entirely on the season ;
even when this is favourable and the crop abundant,
the fruit is not of superior quality, for the farmers
salt the fruit to presei-ve it, by whicli process it loses
its freshness, and the oil is deteriorated in quality.
The average shipping price is about £13 the barrel,
or from £30 to £36 the ton. When it exceeds £40
it is too dear for exportation. England takes a small
share of this export ; Eussia and Holland are the
chief customers.

Tobacco. — The shipment to England is very small,
and is chieflly for transit to other countries. The
bulk of the export is consumed by Eussia, who, in

1882 and 1883, took 83 per cent., tlie balance being
taken by Egypt, but in the last two years Russia
has taken a smaller share, the cultivation of the
"weed" in Circassia and the Crimea having rendered
her less dependent on Turkey for this luxury. The
Tobacco exported from Smyrna is grown almost
entirely at Ayasluk, near Ephesus, and elsewhere in
the Cayster Valley. A large portion of tiie crop of
Ayasluk is consumed in Turkey, as is also the
entire crop raised at Mugiiesia, which exceeds that
of Ayasluk in quantity, though much inferior in
quality. Besides the export througli the customs,
there is always a large contraband shipment of
Tobacco, which in 1885 is calculated to have reached
5900 cwt.

I'eltaw Berries. — Of this valuable dye England
takes about 30 per cent., but the larger portion is
shipped to I taly on its way to Switzerland, where it
is much in request. The sacks contain 2^ cwt., and
the shipping prices vary greatly, from £7 153. per
sack in 1882, to £13 2s. Qd. in 1883, £11 12i. Grf. in
1884, and £6 15s. in 1.3S5. J. R. J.

The Orchid Houses.

WiiEK the shading used during summer has been
taken off from the houses, any newly-potted or very
tender plants that are likely to suffer on sunny days
may be shaded in the house itself with some light
material. It is not wise to have the glass on the
south side washed immediately the shading is re-
moved. This may be deferred for a week or two. It
is an admitted rule in Orchid culture to let plants
remain where they are doing well, but it sometimes
happens that what proves to be a moist corner
during summer is quite the reverse when artificial
heat is applied, and it is often found necessary about
this time of year that seme tender plants can only
be kept in sound health during winter by changing
them from one part of the house to another. There
are many Angrtecums, PhaLxnopsis, Aerides, Sacco-
labiums, and Cypripediums, which would benefit by
the extra amount of heat, provided this did not at
the same time absorb the very necessary moisture.
When the Thunias have lost their leaves very little
water needs to be afforded them until new growth
begins in the spring. This treatment also applies to
Galeandra Baueri. which, if suspended in a warm
moist house, should be rested without water until
growth commences. As plants of Dendrobium formo-
sumgiganteum passout of flower they should be placed
near the glass in an intermediate-house, where they
will be quite safe without water through the winter
while the pseudobulbs keep plump. I think Maxil-
laria Sanderiana should be grown in baskets, that
would allow the flower-spikes to protrude, for we
have discovered when turning them out of pots
that these had descended into the drainage. To
induce the flowering of Cymbidium Lowianum,
C. giganteum, C. Hookerianum, and C. purpureum
pendulum, the plants should be kept on a short
supply of water after the growths are made up, but
should receive more liberal treatment when showing
flower. Calanthe Veitchii and C. vestita opening
their flowers should be kept on a shelf near to the
roof, and afforded a night temperature of not less
than 65° until about half the flowerson a spike have ex-
panded, when, if put at the warm end of the Cattleya-
house, their flowering season will be prolonged.
It has been found very difficult this past summer
to prevent thrips from disfiguring the leaves of Mas-
devallias ; and now is a good time to eradicate these
insects before the majority of the plants reach the
flowering stage. If the foliage be dipped in a w^eak
solution made from tobacco or tobacco-paper, to
which a little Gishurst compound has been added, or
the plants laid on their sides and the leaves carefully
sponged, most of the insects will be destroyed. At
the finish a syringing with soft water should be given.
C. Woolford, Downside. Leatherhead.

Plants and Their Culture.

than this is sometimes maintained, but it cannot be
kept up without having weakening results, and
the accompaniments of thrips, scale, and other inju-
rious insects. The moisture in the air should be
lessened in a degree corresponding to the lowering
of the temperature, and less water at the roots will
likewise suffice to keep the plants in a healthy state.
Stimulauts in the form of liquid manure should now
be discontinued. Throughout the summer we give
established plants of most species mild liquid manure
derived from sheep droppings, and we have this
season been experimenting, and apparently with
good results, upon some strong-growing stove species,
which are planted out, by giving them occasional
surface sprinklings of Clay's Fertiliser. Shading,
which should have been regularly diminished, must
now be entirely dispensed with, and the glass made
thoroughly clean.

In cases where there is no better accommodation
for stove kinds than the mixed stove, which requires
a brisk temperature, they should be arranged at the
coolest part of the house, and the ventilation of the
houses must be carefully attended to, for the most
hardy kinds are liable to be injured when exposed to
cold draughts, and plants of Cheilanthes, Gleichenia,
Gymnogramraa, &c., that are susceptible to injury from
over-much moisture, must be favoured with a dry posi-
tion. IhavenotseenaplantofGymnogrammaPearcei
for some years — the difliculty attending its culture
on account of its impatience of damp has probably
made itscarce. The opportunity of eradicating insects
which the winter affords should be seized, less injury
accruing from dipping plants in properly diluted
tobacco-water or i'ir tree oil, when the fronds are
matured, than is the case at any other time. Should
varieties of the Maidenhair Fern be very badly
aflected with scale it is best to cut all their fronds
away, and when this severe measure is adopted the
soil in the pots should be kept rather dry until tresli
fronds show themselves. Atmospheric moisture
must be afforded with care to the Filmy Ferns during
the dull season, for if this matter be overdone a
species of mould gathers upon the fronds and causes
some trouble. The way to success with these beauti-
ful plants depends much upon the place they are
grown in ; our Filmy Fern case is situated in a cosy
corner entirely out of the sun's reach, and the plants
are below the level of the ground outside. There is
no difficulty found in growing the plants in such a
position, no artificial shading is required, a uniform
temperature is kept during summer, and cold draughts
are avoided in winter. Tliouias Coomhcr, Hendre Gar-
dens, MoniuoKfhshire.

Winter Treatment of Ferns. — The growth of
Ferns generally has now almost ceased, therefore the
temperature of the houses should be gradually
lowered. Most of the warm-house species will winter
well in a night warmth of about 55°, with a mode-
rate rise in the daytime; and greenhouse kinds will
succeed well in a temperature 10° lower, More heat

Fruits Under Glass.

Peach and Nectarine Trees. — No time should
be lost in preparing the trees in the early and second
early houses for forcing, the first step to be taken
being to wash the glass and woodwork, and lime-
wash the other parts. A few handfuls of flowers of
sulphur stirred into the lime before using is useful in
making it distasteful to insects. Cut out as much
of the old wood of the trees as can be dispensed with,
as well as any extra strong shoots of this year's
growth, and such others as are not wanted, short-
ening back to a wood-bud where necessary some of
those that are left, so as to secure balance of growth.
This is an object that should always receive attention
when pruning any kind of tree. Unless quite free
from insects the trees should be washed with a soft
brush and a solution consisting of 4 oz. of soft-soap
dissolved in 1 gal. of warm water, with two hand-
fuls of sulphur well mixed. This should be applied
to every part of them without doing damage to the
buds. The shoots should be thinned out to about
5 inches apart, and these should be trained at an
equal angle on either side the centre of the tree, and
should not be tied too tightly to the wires, otherwise
they will not have room to grow. Tliis done prick
over the surface of the border with a fork, removing
the loose soil, and replacing it with a mixture con-
sisting of three parts of sound loam and one of lime-
rubble and wood-ashes, following this with a coating
2 inches thick, of horse -droppings or short manure,
and finishing with a good soaking of tepid water.
If Peaches are required in May next the house should
be kept close towards the end of the ensuing month,
and the trees be syringed two or three times a day
with water at a temperature of about 75°, and only
use the heating apparatus to prevent the temperature
in the house from falling below 40°. Trees in late
and cool houses should in due tim<' be attended tq
in the manner indicated. H. W, Ward^

528

THE GA RDENEB S' C Tlli 0 NI GL E.

[OcTOBEB 29, 1887.

STTBSCBIBEBS TO
fTiHE GAltVENEItS' CHRONICLE

-^ who e.fperience any dijficulty in ohtaininff
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.

NOTICE tu (.■orn'spunih-iils. Adn-rtisas, Sub-
scribers ami uthers. The Riyisteri-d Address
fur Eurcign anil Inland Telegrams is
" GARDCHRON, LOXDON."

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

TUESDAY,

WEDNESDAY,

THCESDAY,

FRIDAY,

WEDNESDAY, Nov.

SHOWS.

. 1 — Southampton (two days).

. 2 — Richmond, Surrey, is withdrawn.

„ ( Henlie'.d (two days).
• •"( Havant (two days).

i Devon and Exeter (one day).

' ' " tul Palace (two days).

■s).

1 Diitcli Bulbs, at Stevens' Booms.
31 - Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
{ Rooms.
Nursery Stock, Herbaceous Plants,
&c., at Ware's Nursery, Totten-
ham, by Proth( roe & Morris.
Nursery Stock, at the Nurseries,
Caterham, by Protheroe & Morris
I (tliree days).

I Roses and other Plants, at the City
1 Auction Rooms, by Protheroe &
^ Morris.

/Dutch Bulbs, Roses, Azalea mollis.
Border Plants, &c., at Stevens'
Rooms.
Imported and Established Orchids,
I from Mr. Sander, at Stevens'
' Rooms.
Nursery Stock and Greenhouse
Plants, at the St. Hilda's Nursery,
Harrow, by Protheroe & Jlorris.
Roses, and other Plants, Bulbs, &c.,

at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms,
rlmported Orchids, from Messrs.
I Shuttleworth, Carder &. Co., at
I Stevens' Rooms.
J ( Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
60,000 Plants of Euonynius. at Sea-
^ ford, by Protheroe & Morris.

(Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms,
k . Freehold Land and Nursery Stock.
j at Ide Hill. Sundridge, by Pro-
V, theroe Sc Morris.
Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &. Morris'

Roses, Azalea mollis. Border Plants,
&c., at Stevens' Rooms.

TiiK simultaneous publication of
"culture '"'^ **^° works, one on the practical

cultivation of the Vine, the other
on the botanical history of the group to which
the \'ine belongs, is noteworthy. Jlr. Bahrox's
work on I'ines attd Vine Culture has reached a
second edition, and, we venture to say, will
appear again and again, for it is a book no prac-
tical gardener can afford to dispense with. We
had occasion to mention the chief features of
this book on its first appearance, so that we need
now only remind the reader that, in addition to
admirably clear and concise practical directions
for cultivation of the A'ine, a full descriptive list
of the varieties known in cultivation in this
country is supplied, together with numerous
illustrations. The mode of growth of the A'ine
is so peculiar that we could have wished Mr.
Barron had enlarged upon that subject, for,
although such details are apparently of a purely
botanical nature, we venture to think that they
will eventually supply the thoughtful cultivator
with many a useful practical hint.

We cannot in this place enter into these
matters^ but we may say that one lesson they are

calculated to enforce is the necessity of securing
an annual and adequate supply of young shoots
for the production of good bunches. The more
nearly, in fact we can treat the plant as an
annual the better will be the result. The old
wood of the Vine stands in pretty much the same
relation to the yomig shoots that the soil does
to an ordinary annual — being, in fact, a reser-
voir of nourishment from which the young shoots
derive their supplies. In all these matters, how-
ever, it is necessary to bear in mind that the
mode of growth that may be the best suited for
the plant itself is not necessarily that which is
best adapted for the requirements of the culti-
vator, and vice versa. The following passage
from Mr. Bahhon's book will exemplify our
meaning: — "The V'ine being diffuse and some-
what rambling in its growth, there can be no
doubt that the principle of extension is more
consonant with its natural habit than that of
repression, of which the spur system is an
extreme development. Extension is assuredly
favourable to longevity, whereas the opposite
treatment more rapidly uses up the energies
of the plant. The more a ^'ine is allowed
to grow the greater amount of vital force
it secures ; were it not that the A'ine is an
exceedingly goed-tempered subject and quickly
recuperative, this result would become more
generally apparent than it now is . . . Eich
feeding, with restricted growth, will lead to the
production of heavy crops of fruit ; but is a
high-pressure system of management, and it is
seldom long before Vines break down under it,
and lapse into a condition of mediocrity. " To this
it is only necessary to add that, in the natural
mode of growth of the Vine alternate extension
and repression are provided for in a very singular
manner. The ^'ine left to itself adjusts its pro-
cedures according to circumstances. A study of
the way in which it does this would obviously be
of great advantage to the gardener, and yet this
is a matter passed over with but little attention
by most writers on Vine culture.

M. Planchon's Monograph of the Ampelidere ,
which forms part of the continuation to De
Candolle's Prodromus, is a work of a totally
different character, being devoted exclusively to
the definition and description of the species of
Vines and allied genera. JI. Planchon objects
to the plan of combining under the genus Vitis
a number of groups whose characteristics are
with him suliiciently important to denote separate
genera. These characteristics are offered by the
seed, the inflorescence, the characters presented
by the flowers, and especially by the combination
of these characteristics. 51. Planchon points
out with great justice that the materials in
herbaria are inadequate for enabling a just
opinion to be formed as to the value of these
genera, and that a study of the living plants in
gardens or in the wild state, wherever possible,
is absolutely necessary. Only a few of these
genera are interesting to the cultivator. The
true Mnes (Vitis) are known by their petals,
which, being united at their tips, form a little
hood, which falls off in one piece as the stamens
ripen. The fleshy disc or cushion surrounding
the young fruit is erect in V'itis and some others,
while in Cissus it forms a deep, more or less lobed
cup, exuding nectar. In Ampelopsis the disc
forms a ring with a wavy margin persisting
around the base of the fruit. We mention these
matters as illustrations of the means whereby the
several genera may be distinguished. A gar-
dener who saw for the first time at Kew or else-
where the huge fleshy masses, except for the
colour, more like Mangel ^\'urzels than ^'ines,
and destitute of tendrils, which are charac-

teristic of some of the Tropical African members
of this family, would be inclined to doubt the
sanity of the botanist who could imagine any re-
lationship to exist between such plants and his
familiar Grape Vine, and yet the floral structure
is almost identical. It may be mentioned in-
cidentally that these succulent Vines have been
recommended for cultivation in tropical countries
for the sake of their fruits, but hitherto, we
believe, the prospects of any useful cultivation of
these plants are not satisfactory. Changes in
nomenclature are unfortunately inevitable : thus
we find the familiar Virginia Creeper, heretofore
known as Ampelopsis hederacea, relegated to a
new genus, Parthenocissus ; to which genus is also
referred the plant now familiar in our gardens
as Ampelopsis Veitchii, and which, as we pointed
out in these columns as long ago as 1809, p. 838,
was synonymous with Ampelopsis tricuspidata of
SiEBOLD and Zuccarini. The beautiful Cissus
discolor, we are pleased to find, retains the name
by which it has been so long known.

But for gardeners in this country it is the
Vitis vinifera par e.rccllence that is of import-
ance, though in France and other Vine-growing
countries the American species are of daily in-
creasing interest, owing to the fact that they, or
some of them, are relatively little injured by the
attacks of the Vine-louse, and hence European
Vines are now very largely grafted on American
stocks with excellent results. M. Planchon, of
course, gives the characters of these American
varieties, as well as of others, natives of China,
India, and elsewhere, which may possibly become
of economic importance in the future, though
the ordinary Vine, the product of many thou-
sands of years' cultivation and adaptation, has, of
course, got so well-defined a start that it is not
likely to be overtaken.

Vitis vinifera exists in two forms, to one or
other of which all the numerous varieties belong,
the one, the wild form (a, silvestris), with uni-
sexual dioecious flowers, and with the stamens a
third longer than the petals. Forms referable
to this type occur in North Africa, the Mediter-
ranean, and Adriatic regions generally, Belgium,
Luxemburg, Tyrol, Hungary, as well as in the
Caucasian regions. The Chasselas Grape, accord-
ing to M. Planchon, is a typical representative
of the cultivated variety which he calls Vitis
vinifera (0, sativa). We have not the space, nor
would this be the place, to enter into any detailed
criticism of M. Planchon's work. His reputa-
tion has been so long firmly established that
botanists will be grateful to him for presenting
them with a monograph of a particularly difficult
group of plants.

Professor CaspARY.— The death of this well-
known Professor is a sad loss for botany. Originally
an Assistant-Professor at Bonn, lie subsequently
removed to Konigsberg as Professor of Botany. His
original work lay principally in the domain of
anatomy, and his Monograph on Water-Lities is
remarkable for the fullness and accuracy of his
researches into the minute anatomy of these plants.
It is to Caspauy that we owe the distinction as a
separate layer of the bundle-slieath, or endodermis,
a sheath of cellular tissue surrounding the core
formed by the vessels. Prof. Casparv was also
much interested in curious varieties of trees, such as
the Picea excelsa monstrosa. The Professor formed
one of the notable group of savants who honoured
the London Botanical Congress with liis presence in
1866, and contributed to its Proceedings an elaborate
and important paper on tlie movements in the
branches of trees consequent upoa the action of
frost. Prof. Caspaey married one of the daughters
of the late Alexander BnAty, and h.ad been for
many years an occasional contributor to this journal.

OcTOBBB 29, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

529

POMOLOGICAL CONQRESS AT HAVRE.— The

Pomological Association of Western France held its
annual session at Havre tliis year, from the 3rd to
the 10th inst. Tliere was a good exhibition of cider
Apples from Normandy, Brittany, &c. Cider
manufacture is making great strides in France,
doubtless partly because of the deficiency in the
quantity of wine produced in consequence of the

men attended the Congress at Havre. The forma-
tion of Apple orchards is proceeding actively in
France, and the Havre Congress will no doubt stimu-
late the work. Ne.\t year the Congress will be held at
St. Brieux in Brittany, when various questions, scien-
tific or practical, connected with Apples and the pro-
duction of cider, will take place. In our own country it
will be remembered with what zeal the late Dr. Bcll

On August 6 this year the ' Clause d' Agriculture of
Geneva held an extraordinary sitting, at which M.
.Titles Boissikr contributed the bad news that the
Vines in the vineyards of the whole canton, naming
some especially, were affected with black rot. A
large quantity of Grapes were shown, affected by the
malady, which left no doubt of the fact that there
was a disease. The disease observed shows itself

Fig. lOo. — hibiscus ros.\ sinensis : rLOWEit and fruit, (see p. 530.)

ravages of the Phylloxera. Moreover, the applica-
tion of scientific methods instead of rule-of-thumb
procedures allows of the production of a superior
beverage, which keeps longer and bears transportation
betterthan the old-fashioned cider. Important investi-
gations into the chemical composition ofthe fruits, and
careful selection of the best varieties have resulted
in the production of a cider of much superior quality
to any previously known. A large number of pro-
vincial horticultural societies, farmers, and nursery-

and the Woolhope Club entered upon this matter,
and in view of tlie present condition of agriculture,
it is greatly desired that the Club in question, and
many similar organisations, do their utmost in the
same direction.

A New Grape Disease. — Another American
parasite, as we learn from the Hamhtrger Garten mid
Blumen Zeituiig, is said to have found its way to
Europe, and to threaten destruction to the Vine.

by a peculiar red colour in the berrries, and so
rapid is its development, that a vineyard was over-
run by the fungus in a few days, and half the crop
destroyed. The black rot attacks particularly the
bunches, young shoots and leaves, but never the
older wood. First, a pale reddish ring is observed,
which takes a darker tint day by day. In the course
of two or three days the part attacked becomes
quite drv, and of a dee]) black colour. During
this period of its course, small black pustules.

530

THE GABDENUES' CHBONICLE.

[October 20, 1887.

I

smaller than a pin's head appear on the berries,
and propagate themselves with extraordinary
rapidity. These characteristics of the malady
are the most certain symptoms of the black rot.
Notwithstanding the evidence afforded by several
observers, none of whom had previously seen the
black rot, the Classe d' Agriculture expressed the
hope that it might not prove to be the dreaded
disease. It was determined that a committee should
be appointed to investigate the same microscopically.

Asparagus Chicory.— This is a vegetable new

to English gardens, but which is common in South
Italy and on the Adriatic shore from Apalia to
Taranto. It is supposed to have come from Cata-
lonia, having been brought by emigrants from
Xorthern Spain. In Italy, by July sowings, the
numerous stems of the plant can be used the whole
year through, in summer being made tender and
eatable by covering with pots, &c., as Seakale is
produced here. In our country its use must be
limited to the spring, summer and autumn. Its con-
sumption for only a short time is said to work
wonders for those having weak digestion.

A Large Fossil Tree.— In the grounds of

the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, a
magnificent tree fossil of the carboniferous era has
J ust been pieced together. It was taken from the Craig-
leith Quarries, near Edinburgh, where it was dis-
covered in 1iS.j4, and the jiart rescued is 36 feet in
length, measuring in girth 1.3 feet at the base and
II feet at the top. It is allied to the Araucarias,
and peculiarities of condition lead to the inference
that these great trees were drifted into the sand,
which subsequently became compacted into stone.

LiNNEAN Society.— The first meeting of tlie
session l.SS7-88will be held on Thursday, November .'!,
1.S87, at 8 P.M., when the following papers will be
read; — 1. "On the Scars occurring on the Stem of
Dammara robusta." By Samuel G. Shattock, Esq.
(Communicated by W. T. Thiselton Dvtir, C.M.G.,
F.L.S.) 2. " Keport on the Pennatulida of the
Mergui Archipelago." By Professor A. JIilnks
Mahshall, F.R.S. (Communicated by Dr. John
Anderson, F.R.S., F.L.S.) 3. " Supplementary
Notice on the Ferns of India." Bv J. G. Baker,
F.R.S., F.L.S., and C. B. Clarke." F.R.S., F.L.S.
Exhibitions by the President and others.

HOOD'S "Comic Annual."— We are reminded
by the appearance of our old friend, in his usual
motley garb and his sometimes funny tales, of the
waning year and Christmas-tide. Some of the talcs,
notably "Horseman Gaunt," a parody on a much
debated writer of the day, are good in their way.

Hailstones. — A heavy hailstorm fell at Malpas,
Cheshire, about 5 o'clock on Monday morning,
October 24. Mr. C. W. Don, who reports the cir-
cumstance, says that he never saw the theory of hail
better illustrated than by the stones, many of which
remained unraelted six hours aftenvards. They
retained a distinctly conical outline, with the lower
surface nearly hemispherical ; the point of the cone
was opaque, consisting of softer or snow-like crystals,
the substance of the frozen body becoming harder
and transparent towards the base. As the frozen
jiarticles fall, the larger ones catch others in
their descent, which at first scarcely cohere,
the velocity being small ; but as the weight
and velocity increase, the amalgamation of the
overtaken particles become more solid, and the mass
more transparent. The uofter portions, which repre-
sent two stones of the natural size, is like loose
snow, and in summer storms generally meets in the
lower atmosphere, or is knocked off" by the concus-
sion of the fall, so is seldom observed.

Teak in Siam.— Consul GoDLD, writing from
Bangkok, says, with regard to Teak, that there has
been an increased export as regards quantity, but the
profits realised have been by no means satisfactory
owing to the remarkable drop in the value of this

wood in Europe. There is, however, no likelihood,
at present, of this trade diminishing, but the small
margin of profit will direct, more and more, tlir-
attention of the merchants and saw-mill owners tii
forest operations, by which they can secure timber
at move favourable rates, and with greater regularity
than by purchase in the open market. The export
trade in this article is now almost solely in the
hands of British merchants. The forest operations
hiive hitherto been chiefly carried on by British
Burmese, but the British merchants have begun to
invest capital up, country alsojn this trade, and in
future this practice will probably be forced more and
more upon them, to the benefit of the country and
ultimately also probably to themselves, tliougli the
want of experience in this peculiar branch of in-
dustry may cause some preliminary disa]ipointment.

Mr. Bruce Findlay, Royal Botanical
Gardens, Manchester, informs us th.at the annual

exhibition of Cinysanthemums will take place in
the Manchester Town Hall on November 22 and 23,
and that schedules are now ready, and may be
obtained by application to him.

MONCECIOUS Date Palm. — We learn from
Prof. Henriqoes, of Coimbra.that in the garden of that
University a Date Palm, which previously has annually
produces male flowers only, has this year developed a
female inflorescence also, the fruits upon which are
now ripening. There is, of course, nothing unusual
in the fact of a normally dioecious plant becoming
moncecious, or even hermaphrodite (structurally),
but this case of the Date Palm is the more interest-
ing as the existence of two sexes in plants was
originally ascertained by the observation of the fact
that the Arabs impregnated the female flowers of the
Date Palm by taking a branch with the male flowers
and shaking the pollen upon the stigmas.

North of Scotland Root, Vegetable,
and Fruit Association. — The seventeenth
annual show of the above Society was held in the
Drill Hall, Inverarie, near Aberdeen, on Saturday.
October 22. A large display resulted, there being
91G entries for roots, vegetables, and fruit, and 1247
for plants. The Potato show was the largest ever
seen in the northern p.art of Scotland, and most of
the other productions were of large size and excellent
quality.

Labelling Exhibits.— Occasionally complaints
from exhibitors crop up whose exhibits have not
been correctly given in reports of meetings and
shows. These complaints, sometimes well founded, are
usually due to the exhibitor's method of labelling, and
not to carelessness on the part of the reporter. How
frequently have we seen small ill- written cards tucked
away amongst the foliage of a plant, or hidden behind
an enormous Cauliflower, or an Apple almost rivalling
a Pumpkin in size. Usually the reporter cannot afford
the necessary time to "go pokiu,g about into this or
that," and thus mistakes occur. The enforced use
of faintly tinted cards, 4 inches by G inches in size,
would obviate this, especially if such cards were of
difl'erent tints for each person showing, and in placing
the exhibits on the table, or wherever else they were
shown, no two exhibits having similarly coloured
cards were placed in contiguity. Where there is no
competition, the exhibitor's name should be legibly
written on every card. The above hints may be of
service to those intending to exhibit at the forth-
coming shows of Chrysanthemums.

Rhododendron Lady Alice Fitzwillam.—

Among greenliouse Rhododendrons this fine hybrid
takes high rank as a late winter or early .spring
flowering plant. Mr. Roberts grows it very success-
fully at Gunnersbury Park, and blooms it in a cool-
house with Azaleas, sjjring bulbs, &c.

Grafting Mangos. — The Superintendent of
the Public Gardens, Allahabad, reports that Mangos
grafted on young seedling stocks are as fruitful as
those grafted on older stocks, but they are later
coming into fruit. The trees so produced are much

larger than seedlings of the same age, so that what is
lost in time is gained in produce. Mr. Maries
suggests that late-fruiting varieties should be grown
on seedling plants of late-fruiting varieties, and vice
versa, instead of promiscuously, as is done now.

Trade Notice.— Mr. A. Cattaneo, Flower and
Fruit Salesman, late of 44, Hart Street, W.C,
desires us to state that he has removed to 9, Burleigh
Street, Covent Garden, V\'.C.

HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS.

The numerous and very showy varieties of this
plant afi'ord conclusive evidence that seed-vessels
and seeds are produced in abundance in some places ;
nevertheless, in this country, we seldom see them,
and, what is more singular, the wild specimens to be
found in our herbaria are for the most part, deficient
in them. As the botanical classification of the
plant depends materially on the capsules and seeds,
this is an unfortunate occurrence in one sense,
though in another sense it opens up speculation as
to the origin of the plant. It is now common through-
out India and China and other tropical countries ;
but where did it originate ? Is it really aboriginal
in those regions? If not, where did it come from ?
The discovery by Sir John Kirk in Eastern Tropical
Africa of an allied form, with curiously branching or
divided petals, is significant from this point of view.
This variety or species with laciniate petals has been
introduced into cultivation, was described by Pro-
fessor Oliver, and figured in one of the recent
volumes of the Botanical Magazine (t. 6524). The
rich and varied colouring of these stove
shrubs makes it a matter of surprise that they
are not more grown, as their cultivation is
easy, and their reproduction by cuttings a matter
of no difficulty. They offer attractions to mealy-
hw, but he is no gardener who is not able to co|>e
with that enemy in such a case as this. By arti-
ficial fertilisation and by hybridisation, doubtless,
manv new varieties might be obtained. For our
illustration (fig. 105 — which we selected because it
shows the capsule) we are indebted to Mr. Woodrow,
Superintendent of the Poonah Botanic Garden, who is
engaged on a work on gardening as practised in
India". .V.

Foreign Correspondence.

SHOW AT BOULOGNE-SUR-MEE.
The exhibition of agricultural and horticultural
products of the arrondissciiwnt of Boulogne-sur-Mer
was held in that town on Saturday and Sunday last,
October 22 and 23. The present writer had a sym-
pathetic interest in the exhibition, as being the
possessor, in the form of heirlooms, of a series of
gold medals won by his father at similar exhibitions
years ago, long before International Congresses, as we
now know them, were thought of. The present exhibi-
tion, however, was strictly limited to the district around
Boulogne-sur-Mer, but as that district is remarkable
for the intrusion into its Wealden and Jurassic beds
of rocks of far older and (Jift'erent character, it might
have been expected that the produce would have
been correspondingly variable. But first a worl as
to the locus in quo. There are some things they du
not manage better in France, and the building in
which this exhibition was held is one of them. With
the fatal history of the Op^ra Comique and of
the Exeter Theatre in full remembrance, I own
to feeling somewhat aghast at the positive invi-
tation to a catastrophe held out by the building
and its arrangement. To realise what would be the
fate of the spectators if a fire broke out in the " Salle
des Concerts," it is only necessary to mention briefly
the condition of affairs. The Salle apparently has
but one means of egress and ingress (there mjiy be
more, but only one was in public use), by means of
a narrow passage between two high walls. On
entering the building through this decoy the visitor

OcTonKR 29. 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

531

passes into the basement, or ground floor. Here,
on the occasion in question, ^Ye^e grouped on either
side with a jiassage up the centre, fowls and pigeons,
pheasants, and rabbits, for the most part excellent.
A caged eagle formed the centre of attraction here.
Was it a descendant of the famous bird that Louis
Napoleon brought with him on his first invasion of
Boulogne and liberated when he touched the Gallic
shore ? A Barnum would, at any rate, hare allowed
his visitors to think so if they liked, if he did not
assert that the bird was the veritable Cesarean fowl.
Arrived at the end of this passage we naturally expected
to have to circulcr, or pass round on the other side ; but
no — a wall formed an impassable barrier, and there
was nothing to be done except iriviiir sin- nos jias
as well as the crowded state of the corridor per-
mitted. Having regained the end of the decoy, a
single staircase of wood was discovered near the
entrance, and thi^ led, with one or two sharp bends,
to a central hall, evidently used as a music-hall,
constructed mostly of timber, with a theatre, stage,
flies, battens ; and on each side of this hall runs a
narrow gallery, also of timber, and constructed, like
the decoy in the basement, in such a way that tlie
visitor must go to the end, and return the same way
when he wants to get out. The roof of this structure
is apparently largely constructed of timber also. On
Sunday the building was crammed with sight-
seers, and had an alarm of fire been raised,
or had fire itself broken out, a holocaust
must have resulted ; a more perfect agent of
destruction nnder certain circumstances could not
be devised by the most murder-contriving military
engineer.

If the Frenchmen wish to rid themselves of a
few hundred Germans let them invite them to a
fete in the Salle des Concerts in Boulogne, and then
— but the suggestion is too horrible for a jest. As to
the exhibition itself mention has already been made
of that part of it which to our thinking was the least
worthy of attention. As to the plants they were
arranged, some out-of-doors, along the sides of the
passage leading to the hall : these consisted of de-
ciduous and evergreen shrubs and trees, among
which the Golden Chestnut (Castanea) stood out
prominently. There were some nice plants of what
was called the Blue Spruce (Picea nigra). The fact
is mentioned to call attention to a confusion that
may arise if the much more beautiful P. pungens
( = Parryaua glauca) be also called the Blue Spruce.
But this by the way. In tlie central hall were groups of
foliage plants and evergreens arranged round the sides ;
flowers were naturally deficient at this season. The
1st prize went to M. Jacquemin, of Boulogne. "U'e
are not sure whether M. Andre Boulay's group was
not the better ; but as we could not examine the
groups minutely, and know nothing of the conditions
of the schedule, this impression may have been
incorrect. In this was a Dasylirion in flower,
some Zamias, Latanias, Monstera pertusa, Kochea
falcata, Agaves, &c., the enumeration of which will
suffice to give a general idea of the whole. This bed
was edged with Antennaria, dotted with Echeveria,
and bordered with Mesembryanthemura cordifolinni
variegatum. ilr. Matthew Phelan (from the Emerald
Isle, surely) had a good group, of similar constitution.
In the groups shown by M. Duhamel (an honoured
name this in vegetable physiology) there were some
nice Palms, Dasylirions, numerous Tillandsias, Di'a-
cicnas, a good example of Phormium tenax, &c. On
a central table in this main hall were ranged the
bouquets and jardinettes, which do not call for
rem.ark, except that some of the bouquets were com-
pletely veiled in net, not as a temporary protection,
but evidently as a permanent investiture — a good
way of palming oS' stale flowers, but otherwise objec-
tionable.

In the galleries were arranged the Mangels, Wheats,
Beets, and other produce, which, with the compla-
cency and self-esteem of a Briton , we imagined to be
much inferior to the average seen at our own pro-
vincial shows ; and the same remark applies, with
one or two exceptions, to the fruit and vegetables.
With the magnificent samples shown at Soutli Ken-
sington in remembrance, and even the display made

by the cottagers at local shows, these exhibits looked
poor — perhaps not so much from imperfect cultiva-
tion as from the growth of inferior varieties. The
impression left was that the plants were grown
on poor soil with a deficiency of manure, and
with a still greater deflcieney of good honest
digging or, ploughing. It must not be understood
that this state uf things is general in France. No
farther oft" than Amiens, for instance, the market
gardening is excellent, but there tlie conditions are
dift'erent. The best collections of vegetables of
diflerent kinds were exhibited by Mdlle. Arnoult, of
St. Martin, near Boulogne, who showed the usual
vegetables of very fair quality, and greatly superior
to those of most of her competitors. Herbs grown
in pots are a novelty to us, and Corn-salad
is rarely seen with us. Tomatos were greatly
inferior to our own. M. Famchon, of Ostrohove,
also showed a good collection of vegetables, in-
cluding the armorial device of Boulogne— a swan on
a yellow shield, the bird being represented by small
Onions ! the yellow being supplied by Aucuba
leaves. We do not admire such devices as a rule,
but this one was well done.

In an aitncve was a capital collection of well-
grown, moderate-sized Onions, free from spot or
blemish, and prettily arranged. These were exhi-
bited by Messrs. Orange & Taylor, of Boulogne, who
also showed Potatos, but of indifferent quality, as
were also most of those shown, and no care is taken
to cleanse and select the tubers for exhibition.
Even English varieties were poor by comparison with
what may be seen at our London shows. Magnum
Bonum was here, by an unconscious equivcque, ticketed
MaipuDH lionhomnw : Apples also were inferior to
what we are accustomed to see ; Pears, on the other
hand, were well shown, the collections of M.
KauBer, jardinier j)epinieristc of Samer, being good
in form, colour and size, and well shown. M. Cyrile
Denis, of Boulogne, to whom the 1st prize was
awarded, had a good disjilay, including Conseiller
de la Cour, Beurr6 Clairgeau, well coloured ;
Triomphe de Jodoigne, Calebasse, and many others.

A big bell intended as a fire alarm, very necessary
in this building, did not add to the pleasure of visit-
ing the exhibition. As far as we could see over the
heads of admiring Frenchmen, it was connected by
wires communicating with an electric battery, break
the connection, as by melting the wire, and hang !
bang! goes the bell. Tlie result w.as sufllciently
obvious, the process, for tlie reason named, not
apparent.

Nursery Notes.

OCTOBER CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

If is in the month of October that we turn with
interest to the queen of autumn flowers — the Chry-
santhemum. Of late years we have had the enjoy-
ment of fine dry and warm Septembers ; the Dahlias,
Asters, Stocks, &c., have held on until October
dawned ; but it is then frost comes and lays low
what remains of tlie summer beauty ; and then we
welcome the Chrysanthemum as a heritage left un-
spoiled by the frost, to be enjoyed almost until the
first soft breath of spring is felt.

Years ago we scarcely thought of Chrysanthemum
flowers until November had set in ; but the enter-
prise which has led to the production of so many new
varieties has given us some tliat may be rightly
designated as October Chrysanthemums, for they
are in grand form that month. They are
almost entirely of the Japanese type. This sec-
tion gives us earlier flowers than the incurved types.
Among the latter, the rich golden Mr. Bunn and the
Beverleys may be classed as October flowering
varieties, but scarcely another. But the Jajianesi'
section gives us a wealth of very fine flowers, and
among these Elaine takes a high place. If anyone
would see this useful variety in superb form, they
should pay a visit to Mr. George Stevens' nursery at
Putney. Elaine is very largely grown by him for
supplying cut flowers for market, and fine blooms

fetch remarkably good prices. Why, I saw on
October IS, some 800 plants of this variety, in 12-inch
pots, two plants in a pot, with three branches,
each branch carrying a very fine flower ; thus
there were six flowers to each pot. Cuttings
of these plants were put in at Christmas, but they
did not make roots until February ; then they were
grown on and potted into 12-inch pots in Jlay, and
brought under cover about the first week in Septem-
ber. Each plant was stopped but once, but there are
also a number of plants that were stopped twice,
and these are coming into bloom now, and will
make a valuable succession. Mdlle. Lacroix is
a little earlier than Elaine, and it is a beautiful
pure white variety. Other fine October Chrysan-
themums are William Holmes, rich chestnut-crim-
son, a very flue and striking variety with an
excellent habit of growth ; Margot, rosy-violet,
very fine indeed ; Mons. H. Jacotot, chestnut
-crimson and gold, extra fine and striking ; Lady
Selborne and James Salter, the former a pure
white sport from the latter ; Brise du Matin, soft
rosy-mauve, very pretty ; M. Cossart, rich golden-
yellow, edged dark and crimson ; L'le des Plaisirs,
crimson and yellow, one of the drooping flowered
varieties; Miss Stevens (Stevens), delicate lilac-
pink, a charming variety that is deliglitful for
decorative purposes ; Madame de Sevin. rosy-purple,
large drooping florets ; Carew Underwood, a very
fine bronzy orange sport from Baronne de Frailly
— a real peer among the Japanese varieties. Curious
to relate, tliis sport appeared simultaneously in two
places last season ; and it is remarkable they should
appear the same year. But those who take notes of
Chrysanthemums informs us that this is not an
unusual occurence. Lastly comes Feu de Bengale,
also a bronzy-orange variety.

But what a wonderful display there will be at this
nursery during the next month ! Mr, Stevens has
recently erected a large show-house, almost square,
and on one side there are arranged some 600 Japan-
ese Chrysanthemums, including all the new ones of
the present year ottered at home and abroad ; and
on the other about 400 of the finest incurved types.
They are all in 12-inch or IC-inch pots, and of Crute's
patent, for Mr. Stevens is a great believer in these
for Chrysanthemums. A hot-water pipe runs round
the house near to the eaves, and so it is pretty
well on a level with the flowers. This is the
way to keep damp from them, and preserve their
beauty as long as possible. And the art of
finishing off Chrysanthemums is well understood
here. The visitor sees the utmost made of a flower,
and it is consequently presented to view in its best
and most attractive form. It. D.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Gatheeing Fruit. — Within the next few days all
of the late varieties of Pears now on the trees should
be brought into the fruit-room. It is advisable to
leave such sorts as Marie Louise, Glou Morceau,
Winter Nells, Beurro Ranee, Josephine de Malines,
and Bergamot d'Esperen hanging on the wall trees
till the first and sometimes the second week in
November ; but of course this will have to be rak-d
by the state of the weather, for if sharp frosts seem
likely to set in, the fruits must be gathered without
further loss of time. There are so many mid-season
varieties that ripen at one time, that it is judicious to
keep the above-named varieties hanging on the trees
to as late a date as possible, by this means prolonging
the season of these varieties. Marie Louise by this
means can be used for the dessert throughout the
month of December, when it is much welcomed.

The late varieties of Apples, Quinces, and Medlars
must now be put into the fruit-room, taking care to
remove all decaying specimens as soon as observed.
Keep the fruit-room at as cool and equable a temjje-
rature as possible. Pears for culinary purposes are
now mostly used in a nearly ripe state, so that many
varieties in nearly that condition will serve this
purpose, and as most dessert varieties are in excess
of the demand, their fruit will be useful for stewing,
«fc, m. Ward, ffewe/l, Bromsgrove,

532

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcTOBEK 29, 1887.

TOMATO DISEASE

(Cladospobium fulvum).

The prolonged hot and dry weather which charac-
terised the summer of 1887 was inimical to the
development of the Potato disease, so tliat our
outdoor Tomatos escaped the ravages of the Fliy-
tophthora. But, on the other hand, the indoor
Tomatos are having a bad time of it from a disease
which does not seem to have been very accurately
recognised in this country before. I have had sub-
mitted to me some very badly diseased foliage from
two localities. The specimens were originally sent
to Mr. S. Castle, of West Lynn, but as the disease
was unknown to him, he transferred the specimens to
me, witli the request that I would examine them.

The disease commences on the under side of the
leaves, in the form of whitish floccose patches ; this
is accompanied by, or at any rate very soon followed
by, a sickly yellow discoloration of the upper surface.
In the course of a sliort time these whitish patches
become yellowish, then pale brown in colour, so that
they look like dirty woolly films. The colour still
further deepens as the fungus matures. The spots
spread with great rapidity, and not only do they
increase in size, but also multiply themselves to an
alarming degree. The disease was noticed by one
correspondent in the autumn o{ last year, but only
to a limited extent : it reappeared, however, early in
the present season, about the time the leaves attained
their full size. Only two or three bunches of fruit
set on the diseased plant, for the fungus soon
attacked the calyces before the fruit was set ; and
not only this, but also the whole plant had its
foliage so injured that its vitality is seriously im-
perilled. "By the time the first fruit is ripe,"
writes this gentleman, " the disease has so covered
the foliage that on giving a sharp tap to the stem a
cloud of spores is thrown oft' into the air." The fruit
itself once set seems generally to escape.

If a portion of one of tlie mildewed spots be ex-
amined with a quarter of an inch objective, it will be
seen to consist of a dense bed of flocci, a good deal
matted and interwoven. When, however, a view
can be obtained, the fruit-bearing hypha; are seen to
be brownisli in colour, septate towards the base, and
about 150 to 200 mk. long by about 8 mk. in
diameter (see fig. 107). They are rather narrower above
than below ; towards the base they are darker brown.
The spores are borne in short chains, and are like all
the Cladosporii, variable in shape — oval, elliptical, or
even subcylindrical and curved. Normally they are
uniseptate, and measure from 10 to 1.5 mk. in
length by about 5 to 7 in width ; in colour tliey
are pale brown. Tiiey germinate with great facility,
insomuch that a large proportion of the spores from
the specimen I examined had already begun to do
so. This process consists in tlie protrusion of a
germ-tube from one end of the spore, which soon
grows to double or treble the length of the spore.
In some cases the germ-tube is emitted from the
middle of the spore near the septum.

The fungus is, I believe, identical with Cla-
dosporium fulvum, described Ijy Dr. Cooke in
GrcviUea, 1883, p. 32, in tlie following terms : —
*' Cladosporium fuiviiiu. — Effusum, fulvum, lanosum ;
hyphis erectis, flexuosis, septatis, nodulosis, parce
ramosis, fulvis; conidiis ellipticis, uniseptatis, vix
constrictis, pallide fulvis, hyalinis, 10 — 20x4 — 5 mk.
In foliis Solani Lycopersici in Carolina America;
Borealis Ravenel No. 599." Saccardo Syllogc Fun-
(/ormn, vol. iv., p. 363.

Judging from the accounts of the Tomato grower
who sent the specimens, and from the extreme
facility with wliieh the spores germinate, I fear
we have to encounter a very serious disease.
The only point in which this plant differs
from Dr. Cooke's is, that our spores are a trifle
larger, but there can l)e no doubt concerning
their identity. On some of tlie older specimens tlie
patches were observed to be quite black, as if a drop
of ink had been spilled upon them. On examination
it was found that the hypha; and spores in these spots
were of a beautiful violet tint — quite unlike any

Cladosporium with which I am acquainted. I was
at first inclined to regard this as being a different
.sjiecies, but was unable to find any substantial differ-
ence, except in the colour. The spores and hyplia:
were of the same size— if anything a trifle more
slender, but not enough to differenti.ite them as
belonging to a distinct species. The spores, more-
over, germinated with the same facility. This violet
Cladosporium may be described as Cladosporium
fulvum, Cooke, var. violaceum ; Hyphis conidiisque
violaceis. After the Cladosporium has killed the
foliage other fungi make their appearance, notably
Dactylium roseum. Berk.

Since the above was written, further specimens of
diseased Tomatos have been sent. Not only are the
leaves covered by the Cladosporium, but the stems
have also succumbed, long brown lines and elongated
patches being present upon them. The fruit, too,
which seemed to escape in the earlier periods of the
disease, is now hopelessly attacked — numerous brown
irregular spots — in some of the specimens sent, as
many as twenty were observed on one fruit (see fig.
106). These spots are surrounded by a green margin,
extending 4 or 5 millimetres beyond the spot. This
margin remains green after the healthy part of the
Tomato has turned red, so as to give the affected fruit
a curious mottled appearance. If one be cut open, it
will be seen that the brown spot and its greeu accom-
paniment pass quite through the outer wall of the
Tomato fruits. To show the rapidity with which the
disease spreads, the following extract from one of

Fig. 10i5.— tomato affkctfd with cladosporium.

the correspondents may be quoted : — " My plants have
been very healthy all the year. On the 16th I
noticed a few spots on the leaves here and there ;
on the following day (17th) I took a walk through
the houses. On examining the foliage tlie spots were
seen to be spreading very rapidly. By Monday
morning the 19th. to my surprise, every plant in the
house was affected, but not many of the fruit showed
it at this time. To-day (26th), however, I found
several like the specimens sent herewith. I am glad
to say all the finest of the fruit is cut. I have about
600 young plants in Cucumber-houses for the winter.
On looking at these closely this afternoon, I see the
disease is making its appearance in every house.
Now I am at a loss to know how it should get on
these, but I am inclined to think cold draughts have
had something to do with it."

No doubt our correspondent is right ; tlic drauglits
have liad a good deal to do with it, as liy them the
spores were carried, but the disease would have
spread sooner or later surely enough without the
draughts. The kinds grown were the Large Ked
and the Trophy. The latter appears to have suffered
the most.

One word upon the life-history of the fungus. As
everybody knows, Cladosporium is the name of a
genus of one of the black moulds, and it is well known
that many Cladospori are the conidial stage of cer-
tain Spha;ria2, notably of what used to be called
Sphairia herbarum. There are several allied
species, which formerly were grouped under Sphajria
herbarum, but which recent investigations have
sliowu to be distinct species with separate life-

histories. The presumption, therefore, is, that
Cladosporium fulvum will be found to have some
other stage — most likely a Pleospora — probably on
the stems of the Tomato. Charles B. Plowright.

Home Correspondence.

SOME NEW ROSES. — It was rather a surprise to
see that " Wild Rose " compares the Puritan to Mer-
veille de Lyon in his interesting notes on new Eoses ;
the habit of the plant and the form and texture of
the flowers recalling much more exactly Madame
Lacharme. One also rather wonders tliat so staunch
a supporter of the Teas should decry any of their
offspring, as the Victor '\''erdier race probably are —
especially when it is among this family tliat our best
chance appears to be of getting pure Rose colours,
free from the likac shade that "Delta'' so dislikes.
The mention of Ye Primrose Dame and 'Viscountess
Folkestone togetlier, as if of similar character, is
misleading : the first is a yellow, not unlike the
Noisette Narcisse, and perhaps not always large
enough to show : but "Viscountess Folkestone is
likely to become very popular with exhibitors, its
flowers being very large, very free, alw.iys developing
well, and being of a beautiful flesh-coloured rose in
the centre, shading to white on the margins of the
petals. It appears a great improvement on Cannes
La Coquette (itself a very beautiful Rose), that is to
say, it is of La France family. T. W. Ginllcstonc.

PROPAGATING PERISTERIA ELATA.— Is it gener-
ally known tliat this Orchid may be increased by
separating tlie old pseudobulbs after they have
flowered and become apparently useless ? I have a
plant in flower at the present time from which I took
two pseudobulbs that had made no growth for seven
or eight years, but soon after they were divided and
potted they made beautiful leaves, are now doing
well, and I expect to flower them next season. I
shall be pleased to show any one sceptical of the fact
the plants treated iu this way. 0. Orpet, Further
Barton, Cireticrsfcr.

ORCHID NOMENCLATURE.— One could quite
understand the hue and cry against giviug varieties
of species of Orchids classical or specific names, as
likely to mislead and bamboozle the student in getting
at what was entitled to specific distinction, and what
was not. But we have in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
p. 490, one of each of hybrid Cittleya, Ltclia, and

Cultural Memoranda.

VIOLETS.
Plants of Violets growing in pits and frames for
supplying 'flowers during tlie autumn, winter, and
early spring months should be looked over every
week and have all runners proceabing therefrom, and
any dead leaves that may be on the plants removed,
not only to prevent crowding, but to concentrate all
the strength of the plants in the production of larger
flowers than could otherwise be obtained. The
plants should have abundance of air during f.i,vour-
able weather, and when water is considered neces-
sary at the roots let it be given suthciently early in
the day to allow of the foliage getting dry before
night. In the event of frost, mats should be put
over the sashes at night.

Chotons.
In a young state Crotons are very useful and showy
decorative plants. Tops taken off now, about
3 inches long, of the most suitable varieties for
decorative purposes, inserted singly in properly
crocked small 60's filled with light sandy mould,
watered, and then plunged to the rims in sawdust in
a hand-light placed in a Cucumber-house or stove, will
soon take root. When well rooted they should be
shifted into 48-sized pots, using a compost consisting
of three parts light loam and one of sweet leaf-
mould, with a dash of sharp sand added. These, by
growing them on a shelf near the glass in a warm
stove during the winter, will make nice useful decor-
ative plants six months hence. H. W. W.

October 29, 1887.]

THE GAIiDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

533

Cypripedium under the authority of Mr. Brown,
endorsed by the editor of the paper, with such popular
names as is given to Dahlias, Gladioli, Carnations,
&c. This is surely apt to make confusion worse
confounded. For purposes of botanical distinction
surely anything in the way of species, notwithstand-
ing anv distinction as to its being a manipulated
hvbrid, ought to bear the usual speciric nomenclature ;
anything, of course, in the way of pure varieties,
however distinguished, might be 5liss Harris, Novelty,
Charles Canliam, or anything English the raiser
likes. J. A.

SWARMING AND QUEEN BEES.— As an amateur
beekeeper I naturally turn to the article in the Gar-
deners' Chronicle which treats on that subject. I
must, however, confess that I cannot at all times
bring my experience to correspond with Mr. Chittys
remarks. In your issue for October 15 your corre-
spondent speaks of a Kector keening bees on the old-
fashioned system with successful results. We are
there informed that the system followed to secure
such favourable results is to keep the first swarms
to stand the winter, and by so doing a constant and
regular succession of young queens are at the head
of each hive ; and further, that such queens are sure
to be good because they are raised under the natural
swarming impulse. This is a point where your cor-
respondent's and my own experience differ. My o^\^l
experience (and I believe the experience of profes-
sional apiarists) is, that the old queen accompanies
the first swarra. After this swarm has left the hive
comparatively few bees are left, the majority of
them young bees, called by some nurse-bees. Sliould
the bees have made no preparation for swarming by
raising queen cells, these nurse-bees will make it
their first duty to raise such cells and take the
usual means for raising a queen, and a hive
from which a swarra has issued shows a certain
amount of inactivity until the young queen is
hatched and has taken her wedding tour.
Such being the case, and the first swarm being
kept for the winter, such stock of bees would un-
doubtedly have an old queen at its head ; the old
stock being destroyed, the young queen must perish
with it. Suppose the first swarra and queen winter
well, then with the first swarm the following summer
her majesty would issue again, and, should no acci-
dent befall her, she would continue to issue at the
head of the first swarm each succeeding summer,
until she had lived the allotted time of a queen bee.
Might I be permitted to ask if the bees in the pos-
session of the reverend gentleman refeiTed to are
working on an improved principle, and are raising
young prolific queens to send out with the first
swarms ? In regard to queens raised under the
natural swarming principle being " sure to be good,"

1 may say that I have had some very indifferent
ones raised on that system, and to avoid disappoint-
ment from that quarter again I now raise all my
queens, and prove them in nucleus hives before
introducing them to good stocks. I have on this sys-
tem secured the best queens I have ever had. A queen
being in full profit in her second year, I have found
that stocks are well built up for winter, and fur-
nished with " full profit " queens for the ensuing
summer by removing the old queens in August and
introducing these selected young ones. Amateur
Apiarist.

HEAVY YIELD OF POTATOS.— Referring to Mr.
F. Conway's letter in your issue of the 8th inst.,
giving the result of his crop of Friesland Beauty
l*otatos, we think the following extract from a letter
addressed tousyesterdayby S.C.Clarke, Esq., Killucan,
Co. Westmeath, may be interesting to your readers :
— "I got from you last spring eleven tubers (weigh-
ing 2 lb. in all) of the Village Blacksmith Potato,
and in presence of two gentlemen I the other day
weighed the produce, which amounted to the enor-
mous figure ot 142 lb. — some of the tubers weighing

2 lb. 9 oz. It would be well to send this to the
Gardeners' Chronicley ]V. Tait ^' Co,

DYSON'S STOCK. — This is a very fine crimson
Stock, of the ten-week strain, but which also makes
an excellent intermediate, a vigorous grower, and
produces massive spikes of large double flowers. It
seems to be better known in Lancash ire than anywhere
else, and I think it has been sent out under the
name of John Bright. It is a very double variety,
and produces but very few single forms, and if I get
seeds from these I have great difficulty in getting
them to germinate. It is, however, a grand Stock
for sowing in August and September, growing them
on in pots all the winter, and blooming them

in spring, treating it as one would an intermediate
Stock. Mauve Beauty, treated in this way, makes a
very fine Stock also. If seeds of both of these were
raised early in the year, t!ie plants potted, grown on
in a cold frame, and planti-d out in beds to flower
earlv, thev would be the talk of the neighbourhood.
li. D.

THEOPHRASTA JUSS)/EI.— This plant, recently
figured in the Ganlcncrs' Chronicle (p. 429), is by no
means so rare as my good friend, Mr. Nicholson,
seems to suppose. It flowers here in the College
garden, and also at Glasnevin, every year, and has
done so for many years past. In the gardening of
to-day nothing is more fallacious than traditional
rarity, or the assumption that if a plant is rare in any
one collection it must needs be so elsewhere. Now-
adays CA'ery amateur is more or less of a collector,
and the botanical treasures of English gardens are
infinite in variety. When visiting country gardens

Fig. 107.— cladosporium fulvum. (see p. 532.)

, Spore-bearing hyphre, with conidia in situ ; B, Portion of
hyphffi ; c, Conidia ; D, Conidia germinating ; E, Clado-
sporium fulvum var. violaceum, Iiyphee; F, ditto, Conidia ;
o, ditto, Conidia germinatirifj.

I have often been surprised at rare plants or fine
specimens occurring in out-of-the-way places. F. W.
Burhidge.

PLANT FOOD. — I was not aware th.at I had in
my paper, which you recently noticed, recom-
mended the application of potash, lime, or any
other element, to soils in which they were present
in sufficient quantity ; the sum of what I said is
shortly, I believe, as follows : — The combustible parts
of plants — that is, about 95*^ per cent, of the whole —
is, with the exception of nitrogen, derived from the
air; the incombustible part, or ash, from the soil.
This is the only part which is influenced by manure,
consequently, to enable the selection of an econo-
mical manure, it is most important that the
composition of the ash should be known. I said —
'* It might be that a manure containing a smaller
proportion of the more expensive ingredients would

be equally effectual to promote perfect growth as a
more costly compound ; " it was only when the com-
position of the ash was not known that I recom-
mended Villes' No. 1 normal manure, the elements
of which are contained in every plant, generally in
about the same proportion as in that manure. But
the study of the composition of the ashes of plants
will enable more suitable and economical manures
to be compounded for some of them ; for instance,
potash is found in large proportions in Agaricus,
Allium, Apium, Asparagus (this is one of the plants
in which it may be replaced by soda), Brassica,
Cucumis, Dianthus, Helianthus, Lactuca, Lilium,
Kheum, Kosa, Solanum, Vitis ; and in the fruit of
the Cucumber, Pear, Pine, and Plum ; soda in Beta,
Cactus, Pepo, Ilhaphanus, and the fruit of Apple,
Fig, and Strawberry ; lime in Acacia, Arum, As-
pidium. Citrus (68 per cent.), Coryliis, Daphne,
Daucus, Leontopodium, Gossypium, Nicotiana, Kici-
nus, Rosa, and Sedum ; phosphorus in Aristolochia,
Cynara, Brassica, Datura, Rheum, and Tecoma ;
chlorine in Allium, Ananassa, Apium, Armeria,
Aspidium, Beta, Cucumis, Daucus, Gossypium,
llyacinthu.s. Primula, and Senecio ; sulphur in
Agaricus, Bambnsa, Brassica, Erica, Geranium,
Pisum, Reseda, and Senecio. The larger proportions
of the several elements in the above-mentioned
plants indicate manures modified to suit their
special requirements. The analysis of soil is
very deceptive, as the chemist, even supposing
he has to deal with an average sample of it.
cannot distinguish between elements in a soluble and
insoluble condition, and in the former state only are
they available by plants, consequently it is generally
prudent to apply to all soils the manure which is
required by the plant, by which course a good crop
is secured and the fertility of the soil is not dimin-
ished. My remarks as to fruit exJiibitions did not
extend to the able report of Mr. Barron on the Pear
Congress, which was not published at the date of my
paper. This report is of great value, and does not in
any way encourage the cultivation of fruit worthless for
any purpose but exhibition. My strictures were
mainly addressed to such exhibitions as encouraged
the cultivation of varieties which had nothing to
recommend them but their appearance. Edmund
Tonks. [We publish our esteemed correspondent's
explanations, though some of his views are at variance
with accepted notions of plant nutrition. En.]

LAPAGERIAS AT NASH COURT, FAVERSHAM.—

On visiting the gardens and spacious conservatory at
this place, a sight worth a long journey to see met
my gaze. The two vaiieties Lapageria rosea superba,
Nash Court variety, and L. alba, mingling together
and forming a complete canopy overhead, covering
several hundred square feet of the roof. There were
thousands of pendant branches, from 2 to 3 feet in
length, completely covered with magnificent flowers,
and the young growth I observed was carefully
trained and was more like the vigorous growth of
Hop-bine than the usual growth of Lapagerias: the
substance of leaf and flowers surpassed all I ever
before saw. W. J.

POTATO SCAB.— In reply to Mr. A. Hill's note
hereon, p. 445 of your issue of October 8, 1 agree
with the writer that I have not gone far enough, but
on thr? other hand I contend he has to go much
farther, for, if I rightly read his remarks, he believes
moisture and stable manure to be causes of the
scab, as he says he has arrived at the same conclu-
sion as the German investigators, but offers no
evidence, yet he aftenvards says " Dryness alone is
not a cause." I have not urged that it was, but
merely gave the facts so that your readers might
draw their own conclusions, and I have no evidence
that moisture is at all a cause, all my observations
leading me to think that the scab is worse generally
on dry soils than on wet. The two years that I have
cultivated on well drained, heavy, and what might
have been wet soil in a wet season, have been un-
usually dry ones ; and in the last, the drier season,
the scab has been especially prevalent on certain
varieties. I should certainly not advocate trying
experiments on artificial soil ; but will Mr. Hill
define what is and what is not artificial ground,
especially in the neighbourhood of an old town? la
the soil which has formed 18 inches deep over a
medieeval castle or a Roman villa, and which for
centuries has been grazed, more or less artificial than
an ordinary town garden, and which the more so?
Are not most cultivated soils more or less artificial ?
Like a good many others I have been compelled to
try experiments under difficulties. I should much
like to know what Mr. Hill's grounds are for sup-
porting the views of the German investigators.

534

TtlE GABDENERS' CllIWNICLE.

[OCTOBEH 29, 1887.

Trom wliat I have seen during the past few days I
find that the worst cases of scab appear in those
varieties where the ripening of the tubers was
checked and long continued. I have also further
reason to think that the earthworm, at least in some
cases, helps to start it. This might be definitely
ascertained, liowever, by growing a few Potatos of
the same sort in boxes— one of baked soil, and the
other where worms are allowed to be present. There
is a slight error — " once " for '' since " — in the
thirty-second line of my last, which somewhat alters
the sense. T. La.vton, Bedford,

Forestry.

Shallow v. Deep Plaktino. — Having now dealt
at considerable length with tlie preparation of the
ground and trees to be planted in various soils and
at various altitudes, including such as are suitable for
both town and seaside, we will now consider the
various methods of planting, but particularly point
out a few of the evils arising from placing the plants
at too great a deptli in the soil. In my own opinion
more failures occur through too deep planting than
from any or all other causes, and unfortunately the
mischief is too often put down to some other origin
than the rightful one. Deep planting, I have
noticed, is in most cases practised because the
operator imagines that it saves staking, and is also
more readily performed. That it may save staking
is, perhaps, true enough, but then the risk of failure
altogether, and damage to a greater or less extent
is only too certain ; for when a young tree is planted
too deep it cannot strike out its roots at a proper
distance from the surface, and consequently cannot
be expected to flourish. By placing the roots
of a tree or shrub on the surface of the ground, and
putting only a small quantity of earth over them,
it will be found that in a wonderfully short space of
time the roots strike downwards just to the requisite
distance to obtain support, and hold the plant firmly
in the earth, thus showing that of the two evils^
too deep or too shallow planting — the latter is to bi*
commended, for in this case the plant can assist
itself, whereas in the former it is entirely helple.^s,
and must eventually succumb to an interference with
the laws of Nature.

In planting trees or shrubs, let it always be borne
in mind not on any account to place them at a
greater depth than they have hitherto stood, and
this in the majority of cases is readily enough ascer-
tained by examining the stem near the base, where
the parti -coloured bark is a certain indication of
what depth the plant previously stood. Another and
equally sure method of planting, is to place tlie
tree at such a depth that the collar of the root may
be on a level with the surface of the ground ; indeed,
in damp or stiff soils, it may be slightly higher.

Usually in plants sent out from our public nur-
series, the roots, owing to the peculiar method of
transplanting adopted, are confined to or spread out
on only one side of the stem, and where such is the
case it maybe well to bear in mind, so as to keep the
plant as steady as possible in the ground, to place
these or the strongest roots on the most exposed side
or on that from which the prevailing winds of the
particular district blow. Neglecting to tread the soil
firmly and evenly around the roots is another source
of evil that it may be well to guard carefully against,
as, if hollows and cracks are allowed amongst the
newly placed soil the roots become drj' and parched,
and are quite unfitted for maintaining tlie tree or
sbnib in anything like a healthy and flourishing con-
dition. The soil, which should be well and finely
broken up before planting is set about, had best be
placed in small quantities amongst the evenly spread
out root, and then tramped, not into a hard, massy,
lump, but just sufficiently 80 to press it
firmly together and prevent holes or cracks being
formed. Hence it may be well to state that
too hard tramped soil is far more apt to crack tlian
that moderately pressed together. In large trans-
plants, and where abundance of water is at command,
tramping of the soil may be entirely dispensed with,
it being a much better plan to wash the soil firmly
in amongst and over the roots ; but in the case of
forest planting, such a method of procedure is, of
course, quite out of the question, and must be sub-
stituted by careful and well-directed tramping, not
pounding of the soil.

Staking Ncu'ly-planfcd Treef, of from 4 feet in
height and upwards, should always follow in the

wake of planting, so that it is Avise policy to have a
couple of men devoted to this all-important opera-
tion, and who make fast the trees as soon as these
have been planted. Hard-wood trees rarely require
staking or tying, as, owing to the small quantity of
foliage presented to the blast, and that in deciduous
plants only during summer, they rarely get upset
even when the storm is unusually severe and of long
duration. Various systems have been adopted for
preventing trees being upset by the wind — all. no
doubt, good enough in their o«'u way— but that
usually practised and perhaps the cheapest and
most efficient of all, will now be described. For trees
and shrubs up to 6 feet in height, a stout stake,
sharply jiointed, should be driven into the ground
within G inches of the stem of the tree requiring
support, and on the most exposed side. It should
be driven in a slanting direction, or so that the
head at 4 feet from the ground is about double the
distance from the stem that it is at the ground level.
A piece of teased-out roping, or strap of leather, may
then be placed around the stem and fastened to the
stake at about 4 feet from the ground, and by
crossing the roping or leather between the tree and
stake, additional staying power is imparted. This
method we have adopted for many years, and always
with the most satisfactory results, for when well
performed it is well nigh an impossibility for thp
tree to rock about to the damage of the roots.
Larch roots of perhaps 3 inches diameter are most
suitable for this purpose, and by the time that either
the roping or stake has rotted away, the plant has
become quite firm in the ground, and requires no
support.

By placing the stake close or nearly so to the stem
of the tree rocking about is quite prevented, and the
g^reatest strength against wind-pressure is likewise
attained. Where the trees are upwards of 6 feet in
height and planted on exposed ground stronger
moorings than that just described will have to be
applied, and in such cases we have used three wires
placed at equal distances around the stem and joined
to short stakes driven firmly into the ground quite
equal to almost any emergency. The wires may be
connected to the stem by placing around it a collar
of leather, thence joined to stout stakes driven into
the ground at a distance from the tree of about three-
fourths its height. This is an excellent method of
preventing wind shaking of large and branching
specimen trees, and one that from long experience
I can, with every confidence, recommend for exten-
sive use whether in the woodland or park. A. IK
IVeKs/n:

Shiunking of Seasonk

T;muk:'.

The various kinds of Oak, and some other kinds
of timber, will shrink more or less every time the
surface is dressed off, even a small fraction of an
inch. Wheelwrights accustomed to the work are well
aware of this fact, and a correct appreciation of it
enables them to turn out work of a superior cha-
racter, even of ordinary materials, by first blocking
up the pieces roughly, then allowing the timber to
season, and afterwards working the various parts by
degi-ees, as the seasoning process becomes more and
more complete. White Oak spoke timber, for ex-
ample, may be allowed to remain in a rough state
for half a score of years, under shelter, without be-
coming seasoned so thoroughly that the timber will
not shrink after the spokes have been dressed out.
Carriage wheels have often been made of the choicest
quality of Oak timber after every spoke has been
seasoned for several years, and, to the great surprise
of the wlieelwright, every spoke would work in the
joints before the vehicle had run three months. Tho
defect in such instances could not be attributed to
inferior timber, nor to perfunctory workmanship ;
but simply to this one circumstance — that the parts
of the wheel were put together before the timber had
ceased to shrink. To prove that the best quality of
Oak will shrink after a spoke has been dressed out,
let a tenon be made on one end, and be driven im-
mediately into a mortise ; after a few days' exposure
in a warm workshop the spokes may be withdrawn
with little difficulty. The same fact will hold good
in the manufacture of woodwork of any kind where
Oak is employed for tenons. In order "to make joints
that will never start, the piece on which the tenons are
made should be dressed several times, until the
shrinking has ceased. Then let the tenons be made.
After these have shrunk, while expo.'ied to the dry-
ing infiuence of a wann workshop, the spokes or
other parts may be driven in their respective places,
with the assurance, especially if they are dipped in oil
paint previous to driving, that thetimberwill shrink
no more. The lyood-lVorkcr.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Tuesday : Oct. 25, — Tliis meeting, held in the
conservatory at South Kensington, was one of I
much interest to gardeners, as cultivators of vege- '

tables, and especially of Potatos. As regarded these
tubers, it was one of the the best shows hitherto
held by the Society, aud eclipsed, in so far as
number of varieties, those of the defunct Xational
Potato Society. Having regard to the great dryness,
with heat, of the past summer, we think the Potato
has come through what many persons thought was a
severe ordeal for it, in a remarkable manner, super-
tuberation having been regarded as certain to occur
on heavy rain falling. Nothing of the kind was
seen in the productions shown, nor have complaints
in any number reached us ; so that we miiy regard the
fears of cultivators in this respect to have been set
at rest. From many growers in very diverse parts
of the country the tubers show scab, and we think
in many cases tolerably successful efforts had been
made by considerable scrubbings and polishings to
get rid of its appearance.

Other vegetables, which were shown in excellent
condition, were those witli deep-going tap-roots, a^
Parsnips, Intermediate Carrots of whatsoever strain,
Turnips, and Beet. Celery, consisting chiefly
of what is called "exhibition varieties,'" was coarse,
and not properly blanclied. It must be admitted that
these large-leaved, tall varieties ought not to receive
the encouragement that is accorded them by many
societies, for, being naturally large of growth, there
can be but small merit in growing large sticks ; and
being, moreover, of tough, hard texture, it is useful
only for culinary purposes.

The great features of the show were the produc-
tions staged in response to the invitation of various
nurserymen, who offered special prizes for Potatos,
Celery, Onions, &c., and for collections of vegetables.

Flowers were not numerous, and consisted of
Orchids, winter-flowering Carnations, a few Chrysan-
themums, forerunners of the great hosts gathering
for the November shows and meetings ; and some
Begonias and warm-house Khododendrons.

Floral Committee.

Present : G. F. ^yiIs^n, Esq.. F.K..S., in the chair :
and Messrs. J. Douglas, W. Wilks. J. Fraser, H.
Herbst, W. H. Lowe, K. Dean.'W. Holmes, C. Noble,
C. Pilcher, H. Ballantvne, H. M. Pollet, .1. OBrien,
A. J. Lendy, G. Duffield, S. Hibberd, .and J. Hudson.

Messrs. Veitch & Son, Royal Kxotic Nursery,
King's Road, Chelsea, S.W., contributed several
plants of an interesting nature. Bouvardias were
shown in full flower, one of which, named President
Cleveland, was awarded a Certificate; it is rich
bright scarlet in colour, very effective. Amar}'lli.s
solandraifolia, with flowers of pure white, long, but
not very wide, is a flower not frequently seen, but
which is none the less pretty. From the same firm
also came Begonia .lohn Heal ; the plants were on
this occasion shown for a third time, in order to
illustrate the lasting qualities of the flower; also one
named Adonis, the result of a cross between the
above variety and a tuberous sort. It is much larger
in all its parts than John Heal, wliich it much re-
sembles. Cut trusses of hybrid Rhododendrons wei'c
also sent.

Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden, contributed
a collection of Tree Carnations, all nicely bloomed,
and received the award of a Silver B.mksian Medal.
The collection, which was very extensive, embraced
most of the leading favourites : — Mdlle. Carle, pure
white, was conspicuous ; also Madame Bordet, white
with a few very pale rose flakes ; Pitavel, rich deep
crimson, veiy bright and clear; Madame Mussett,
cream and crimson.

Mr. Crooke, Farnborough Grange G.ardens, Ham]!-
shire, showed a small collection of cut flowers, in-
cluding some flue Celosias and specimens of Primula
obconica purpurea and Trichinium Manglesii.

Of Orchids there were very few plants placed be-
fore the committee ; F. G. Tantz, Esq., Stndley
House, Shepherd's Bush, W. (gr., Jlr. Cowley),
showed a plant of Cirrhopetalum ornatissimum, which
excited a great amount of attention from the visitors.
The Bovvers, which are large for the genus, are pali'
brownish-yellow, very heavily spotted with purple-
brown, the labellum being entirely of the latter
colour ; the petals have a tuft of hairs at the apex
also of the same dark colour. The plants bore a spike
of four flowers, which emit a disagreable odoui-,
attractive to flies who were visiting it constantly.

October 2'^, 18.87.]

THE GAI?DEXJ-JL',r 0^1? ONI CLE.

535

Cypripedium obscunim, mnch like C. iusifjne. A
plant of Cattleya Loddigesii Candida came from tlie
same garden. The flower of the latter is almost
white — practically it is so — but there is a faint trace
of rosy-purple throughout, which gives a line effect
to the bloom.

W. Cobb, Esq., Sydenham, showed a well flowered
plant of Vanda Sanderiaua, the spike bearing nine
large flowers.

Chrysanthemums, as was to be expected, were pre-
sent, Jlr. G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putney,
showing a Jap-inese, named Mrs. J. Wright, of the
same style as Mdlle. Lacroi.x, but having more sub-
stance and of better colour, justly receiving a Certi-
ficate. Jlr. Stevens also showed a bloom of the
Comte de Germiny section, purplish-lake in colour.
A collection of flne flowers was sent by Mr. W.
Holmes, Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, Lon-
don. A special Vote of Thanks was awarded for C.
Macaulay, a golden-yellow, with a shade of bronze at
the tips'of the florets, which are tubular, the ends
curling and twisting about so as to suggest curled
Endive to the mind ; also Marie Ouvray (Certi-
ficated), Japanese — fine flowers of peculiar lake-
crimson ; and C. Wagstafte, a promising white Japan-
ese sort, with broad petals, full in substance, and of
pure colour.

FmST-CLASS CiiETIFlCATES.

To Bouvardia President Cleveland, from Messrs.
Veitch & Sons.

To Chrysanthemum (Japanese) Mrs. J. Wright,
from Mr. G. Stevens.

To Chrysanthemum Marie Ouvray, from Mr. W.
Holmes.

Special Vote of TnAxits.

To Clirysanthemum Macaulay, from .Mr. VC.
Holmes.

Botanical Certificate.

To Cirrhopetalum oruatissimum, from F. G. Tautz,
Esq.

Fruit Committee.

Present: II. Veitch, Esq., in the chair ; and Messrs.
T. J. Saltmarsli, T. B. Haywood, A. H. Pearson,
A. W. Sutton, C. Ross, W. Denning, W. Warren,
li. D. Blackmore, J. Burnett, P. Barr, S. Ford, and
J. Woodbridge.

Mr. J. Crooke, Farnborough Grange Gardens, Hamp-
shire, showed a few dishes of fruit ; his Plums were
very fine, and consisted of Coe's Golden Drop, Keine
Claude de Bavay and Imperatrice Blue — all which
w'ere in capital condition. Of Pears he had good
samples of Beurr<S Superfin and Doyenne du Cornice,
good samples of each.

Jlr. C. Ross, Welford Park, Newbury, exhibited
tln-ee very good Smooth Cayenne Pines, one of which
was stated to weigh 8 lb. ; they were all handsome
fruits, well grown and well ripened.

Apples were from Messrs. J. Veitch & Son, the
specimens being large, clean, brightly coloured and
sound ; tbey w^ere — Beaumann's Red Reinette, The
Sandringham and Bismarck ; this last is specially
pretty.

Jilanchester Beauty Apple, a pretty sort of Crab,
came from Jlessrs. W. Johnson & Son, Boston,
Lincolnshire. This seems to be a very free fruiting
sort, and on account of its deep red colour would
probably be a desirable plant in shrubberies ; it is
useless for eating purposes.

Good specimens of Seckle Pear were sent by Jlr.
W. Divers Wierton, Maidstone ; and from Jlr.
Walker, Wimbledon, Apple Lord Cottenham, a
long fruit, bright yellow, with rich crimson cheek.
Other exhibits of fruit do not call for any mention.

There was a creditable quantity of vegetables,
Jlr. B. Gilbert, Burleigh Gardens, Stamford, showing
several items ; the Chou de Burghley was well
represented. Others were Universal Savoy, probably
a useful Green ; it has a good lieart, and is early.
Also two sorts of Sprouts — one, called Jubilee Green,
with very long solid sprouts, a Cabbage growing at
the top of the plant ; it is a question whether such
Sprouts are not too big. The other Sprout bore the
remarkable name of Chou d'Universal — whatever
that may mean : the Sprouts here are of a better size
and form. A good-looking Kale, with curled leaves,
was shown by Jlr. JIurray, Culzean Castle, Jlay-
bole, Ayrshire. If it be hiirdy, it is a desirable
acquisition. Jlr. R. Dean, Ealing, showed a JIoss-
curled Parsley, with very pretty foliage ; he also
showed tubers of Potato Prime Jlinister, from sets
put in during September ; the tubers were from
4 to 5 inches in length. Some specimens of Lettuce

Superb White Cos came from Jlr. G. Bloxham,
Buckhill JIauor, Bletcliley, Oxon : the samples were
very good for this season of tlie year. Jlr. Fletcher,
Ammersley, Notts, sliowcd Potato Lord Tennyson ;
the tubers are flat, with jiurplish markings about the
eyes. Mr. E. Burden, Wakegreen House Gardens.
Jloseley, Birmingham, showed a Potato, a hybrid
between Vicar of Laleham and Woodstock Kidney,
and which was named ^'icar of Jloseley.

Jlessrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, sent a collection
of their Potatos, embracing many favourites. JIany
new seedlings were shown, which appeared to be of
promise. The tubers were clean, even, and of con-
venient size. A Silver Jledal was awarded.

From the Chiswick Gardens a number of Turnips
were sent. Golden Ball is a good Yellow Globe sort,
and Yellow JIalta is wortli growing too. Red Globe
was the largest of the varieties shown, but the tops
are correspondingly large, so it is questionable
whether much advantage is gained. There were
several sorts of Turnips called Tankard and Cow-
horn — long sorts.'which would be ratherpretty cooked
whole and served up in a dish.

Jlr. House, Peterborough, showed a number of
seed Potatos, in which he had many of the favourite
varieties.

Jlr. C. Ross, Welford Park, showed several pro-
mising looking seedling Potatos, of which Vigorous
and Iris appeared to meet the requirements of the
day, the other two being tubers with mottled purple
anil white skins.

Jlr. Fidler, Reading, exhibited a large collection
of seedling Potatos not yet in commerce, which con-
sisted chiefly of white kidney forms. A large heap
of Reading Giant, a yard square and 2 feet higli, of
these monstrous tubers was shown ; and in another
]>art were six tubers of this variety that weiglied
12 lb. 6 oz.

A collection of fifty dishes of Potatos came from
Jlessrs. '\^'ebb & Sons, Kinver, Stourbridge, consist-
ing of the more generally grown varieties. A Bronze
Jledal was awarded.

A miscellaneous collection of Potatos was shown
by Jlr. Laxton, Bedford, consisting of varieties raised
by him, a seedling Bergaraot Pear, a small fruited
open-air Tomato, said to be adapted for our climate ;
Apple September Beauty, a bright coloured fruit ;
and Sandy Park Onion, a small flat bulb useful for
general consumption. Chiswick Gardens contributed
forty-eight dislies of Potatos grown there for trial.
Jlr. Deverill, Banbury, showed Aylesbury Prize
Celery, Intermediate Carrot. Hope's Jliddleton Park
Favourite Beetroot, Early Intermediate Exhibition
Carrot, grown by Jlr. Richards, Somerley Garden,
Ringwood. The roots are oblong in form, terminating
like a Turnip in a mousetail root. Several varieties
of Onions — a specialty of the nursery — were likewise
shown, Cocoa-nnt and Ailsa Craig being the more
distinct of these. (Silver Banksian Jledal.)

Special Peizes.

Messrs. J. Cat-ti'r J- Co. — For the best collection of
twelve dishes of vegetables, to include three dishes
of Potatos, any variety, oiTered in Carters Vadc
Mecum for 188" : — Mr. Pope, gi-., Highclere Castle,
Newbury, took 1st in this competition, showing
Standard Bearer Celery, a large red variety ; Potatos
Chancellor, Ashtop Fluke, and Village Blacksmith ;
Turnip Green-top Six-weeks, an early variety, witli
very moderate growtli of leaf; Cabbage Little Pixie,
fully grown ; Cauliflower Autumn Giant, Improved
Dark Red Beetroot, JIaincrop Onion, a flat, large
yellow-skinned variety. — This dish, and that of New
Intermediate Carrot, were, perhaps, the best things
in the collection. Mr. Lye, gr., Sydmonton Court,
Newbury, took 2nd prize, his Green-top Six-weeks
Turnip, New Intermediate Carrots, and Autumn
Giant Cauliflower being all good productions ; Jlr.
S. Hains, gr., Coleshill House, Highworth, was 3rd ;
and Jlr. C. Waite, Glenluust, Esher, who is usually
so fortunate at these contests, was relegated to the
4th place.

Mr. H. Devcri/rs Pri:cs.—7ar the best eight bulbs
of his Rousham Park Hero Onion, Jlr. E. S. Wiles,
gr., Edgecote, Banbury, was 1st ; the bulbs flat, like
Tripolis, but with yellow skins, were 6 inches in
diameter. 2nd, Jlr. G. Neal, Bampton, O.xon, bulbs
smaller, but thicker from root to apex ; 3rd, Jlr. H.
Wingrove, gr. to R. N. Byass, Esq., Rousham Park,
Oxon.

For eight bulbs Deverill's Anglo-Spanish Onion : —
1st, Jlr. E. S. Wiles, with very large flat bulbs ; 2nd,
Mr. G. Neal ; 3d, Jlr. D. JIurray, gr. to the JIarquis
of Ailsa, Culzean Castle, X.B.

For Deverill's Improved Woolton Onion ; — 1st, Mr.
T. Dohertv, gr. to Lord North, Wroxton Abljev,

Oxford — a handsome dish of bulbs, not too large, the
shape short oval ; 2nd, Jlr. G. Neal, whose Onions
were uneven in size ; 3rd, Jlr. S. Hains, large, but
app.arently less true to variety.

Jlr. Deverill's Wingrove's Aylesbury Prize Red
Celery, three sticks :— 1st, Jlr. 'H. Wingrove; 2nd,
Jlr. G. Neal. Tliere were ten lots shown, but only
those from the two exhibitors above named secured
prizes, little of it being properly blanched.

Brussels Sprouts, Finlay's Wroxton, three stems ; —
1st, Jlr. Stuke, gr. to Earl Ellesmere, JIanor House,
Brackley ; 2nd. Mr. C. Waite. This Sprout is very
short and stocky, but we thought tlie Sprouts erred
on tlie side of being too large — a common fault
among improved vegetables, &c. Perhaps, ifordinary
garden ground was not dug for this crop, results
might lie better in resjiect to size of the Sprouts.

Mr. Fid/er's i<p'-cial /')v'--fs.— Nine dishes of Potatos,
to include Fidler's Snow Queen, Clipper, and Read-
ing Giant :— 1st, Jlr. E. S. Wiles, with large smooth
tubers, free from scab, consistingof Chancellor, Vicar
of Laleliam, JI.P., Snow Queen, London Hero, Read-
ing Russet, Crimson Beauty, Reading Giant, and Clip-
per; 2nd, Jlr. Hughes, gr., Eydon Hall, Byfield, North-
ampton— a fine lot, with clearskins, consisting mostly
of round varieties ; 3rd Jlr. Allen, gr., Ramsbnry
JIanor, Hungerford ; 4tli, Jlr. E. Chopping. Jlilton,
Sittingbourne ; 5tli, Jlr. Lye, gr., Clyfli'e Hall. In
this class there were thirteen competitors.

F^or six dishes of Potatos, to include Fidler's Per-
fection, Prolific, and General Gordon : — 1st, Mr.
Hughes, who had the varieties above-named, and
London Hero, Chancellor, Pink Perfection, all clear
in the skin, large, without being too large ; 2nd, Mr.
Allen, gr. to Sir i\ Burdett, Bart., Lamsbury JIanor,
Hungerford. The Dean, Jlr. Bre-see, and General
Gordon, were well shown in this lot. 3rd, Jlr. C.
Howard, Bridge, Canterbury : 4th, Jlr. E. S. Wiles.
Twelve lots were shown.

Three dishes of Potatos, to include Fidler's varie-
ties Clipper and Bountiful : — In this class there were
seven competitors : — Jlr. Huglies, 1st ; Mr.S. E. Wiles,
2nd ; Mr. E. Chopping, 3d. In this class Mr. C.
Ross, gr., Welford, showed a seedling of his, named
Cent.-pro-Cent., of which he jiossessed a total weiglit
in the spring of this year of 2 lb. o oz. The tubers
were cut into 202 sets, and have produced with only
ordinary cultivation 5 bushels, 2 pecks, 1 gallon, of
usable tubers ; it is a white, of Lapstone form.

Sutton ^* Sons' Prhrs. — F^or the best twelve speci-
mens of the Improved Reading Onion seventeen lots
were entered, Jlr. E. S. Wiles, Banbury, carrying ofi'
the 1st place with large, solid, and clean specimens ;
2nd, Jlr. J. Hughes, Northampton ; and 3rd, Jlr. J.
Baker, Oxford, with smaller bulbs.

The next class was for Abundance, Silver Globe,
Golden Globe, and Crimson Globe Onions, six of
each ; and here the 1st and 2nd prizes went as above,
running close. The Crimson and Silver Globes were
very fine in the 1st prize lot, and in the following the
best were Abundance and Crimson Globe. Jlr.
Beckett, Amersham, and Jlr. R. Lye, Newburv, were
3rd and 4th.

Jlr. Hughes led for five certain varieties of Potatos,
showing Seedling, Abundance, Twenty-one. Thirty-
six, and Forty-four, in equal condition of excellence
and size; the 2nd lot, which came from Jlr. E.
Chopping, Sittingbourne, was inferior only as regards
size. The other prizes in this class went to Jlessrs.
Wiles, C. W. Howard, Canterbury, and C. Ross,
Newburj-, in this order.

JIi'. Hughes maintained his position in the next
class for six varieties of Potatos, showing very clean
tubers. Prizetaker, Reading Ruby, and Favourite
were the best out of a highly creditable lot. Mr.
Wiles came in here as 2nd, with Jlessrs. W. H.
Smith, of Bucks, G. Allen, of Hungerford, and E.
Chopping following in order. There were eighteen
competitors here.

Celery was here of good quality — very solid heads,
well blanched. Jlr. Lye liad the best six of White
Gem, with Jlr. .J. Bunting, Enfield, as a close follower ;
3rd, Jlr. R. Timbs, Amersham.

The prizes offered for dark red Beet brought out
an extensive competitiou, there being twenty-one
lots staged — Jlr. J. Neighbour, Chislehurst, taking
the 1st honours with clean well-shaped roots ; Mr,
C. J. Waite, Esher, was 2nd ; and 3rd, Mr. R. Lye,
Newbury.

Although the entries here were so numerous, they
were eclipsed in the following class, where twenty-
four exhibits were staged in competition for prizes
for CaiTots New Red Intermediate — Jlr. Pope, New-
bury, being the most successful exhibitor, leading in
a very close race with handsome roots, very even,
and tapering well ; Jlr. J. Lye, of Wilts, was 2nd ;

536

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[October 20, 1887.

Mr. Waite, Esher, ord ; and Mr. G. II. Kichards,
Hants, 4th,

Leeks were a good sliow — indeed, some weie
almost too large. Ti-izes were offered for Prizetaker,
Mr. J. Spottiswood, Brighton, scoring the 1st place,
with large strong produce ; 2iid, Mr. J. Muir, Margam
Gardens, South Wales ; and 3rd, Mr. Chopping.

Of Parsnips there were several lots, but all seemed
to be too long. Jlr. K. Lye had the best Students;,
and close after him came Mr, C. J. Waite, 2nd ; and
Mr. G. H. Richards 3rd.

Webb tj- Sons' Pri:cs, — This firm oftVred prizes for
their Potatos, six dishes from a given list, Mr. C.
Ross taking the premier award with very fine tubers,
very clean and oflarge size, Renown and Red King
being particularly fine. Mr. C. S. Wiles and Mr. W.
Pope were respectively 2nd and 3rd, both showing
good produce.

Wood .(■ Sons Prizes. — For these prizes, wliich
were offered for four dishes of Potatos, one of White
Round, one of Coloured Round, one of White Kid-
ney, and one of Coloured Kidney, there were more
competitors than in any other class in the show,
there being thirty-two entries. Mr. Hughes was the
leading exhibitor, taking the 1st jirize, which
included a Silver Cup, besides the monry ; he had
a remarkably fine lot of tubers, very large, and very
clean — Mr. Bresee, London Hero, Adirondack, and
Chancellor being the varieties. In the 2nd prize lot
of Mr. W. Ellington, Suff'olk, Edgecote Purple and
Chancellor being noticeable sorts. There was a Silver
Medal given here, and also in the 3rd prize, which
was taken by Mr. Wiles.

Scotland.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM.

A 3IEETIXO of tlie I'loral Committee of this Society
took place at the Koyal Aquarium on the liGth inst.,
Mr. E. Sanderson, President, in the chair. The best
stand of twelve cut blooms of new Chrysanthemums
of the present year came from Mr. George Stevens,
St. John's Nursery, Putney, who had the following
Japanese varieties : — La Reveille, a distinct cinna-
mon-brown variety of promise ; Theodore Bullier,
Duke of Berwick, Ormonde, Cream Seedling, Mdlle.
Temple, Ralph Brocklebank, a primrose-coloured
Dragon ; Edie Rumble, Samuel Morley, Lord Tenny-
son, and Feu de Bengale ; and Elise, a reflexed
variety, of Japanese blood. (Silver Medal.) The
Bronze Medal was awarded to Messrs. Davis &
Jones, Chrysanthemum Nursery, Camberwell,
whose stand was placed 2nd ; it included Guy
Fawkes, an orange and bronze incurved variety ;
and of the Japanese section — Magnet, Postula,
Anna Rondiere, Othello, Eomeo. C. Wagstaft',
and others. Mr. W. Holmes, Frampton Park
Nursery, Hackney, contributed a stand. Mr.
R. Owen, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead, had a
stand of nice bright flowers, the best being Amy
Furze, Buttercup, Louise Weille, Connie Bedford,
and St. Cecilia.

The folkiwing awards were made to new flowers :
— First-class Certificate to Mr. Sinclair, gr. to the
Marquis of Downshire, East Hempstead Park, Berks,
for Marquis of Downshire, an orange-salmon and
amber sport from Bouquet Fait — bright and pleasing.

From Mr. R. Owen came Amy Furze, a reflexed
Japanese, pale lilac-pink, the centre pale purple and
gold. The committee requested to see this again in
a fortnight.

Messrs. CanncU & Sons, Swauley, sent Alcion,
ruby-pink, a large and somewhat rough flower, which
the committee desired to see again.

From Mr. William Holmes came Macaulay, a very
singular Japanese variety, the fine jjetals much
laciniated and curled ; colour, gold dashed with
lilac. (First-class Certificate. )

From Mr. Geo. Stevens came Duke of Berwick,
ivory-white, with pale amber and rose centre — a
large and very pleasing Japanese variety, (i'irst-
class Certificate.) And Mr. J. Wright (Laing) a very
beautiful pure white Japanese, of large size and gi-eat
substance. (First-class Certificate.)

Messrs. James Carter & Co., 237, High Holborn,
sent James Carter, a reflexed large-flowering variety,
deep gold, suffused with the palest amber. Coni-
mended for its colour, but the committee expressed
a desire to see a plant of it.

Mr. H. Elliott, nurseryman, Jersey, sent a small
collection of seedling Chrysanthemums of the
Japanese type, raised from seed gathered and sown
in January last, thus making an annual of it. A
shaded yellow variety named Doric appeared the
most promising, and a wish was expressed to see it
again next year.

NORTH OF SCOTLAND APIARIAN
SOCIETY.

TiiK annual meeting of this Society was held in
the Cafe Buildings, Aberdeen, on Saturday, the 1.5th
inst., the Rev. Mr. Innes, Free Church, Skene, the
President, in the chair.

Mr. Black, the secretary, submitted a financial
statement, which showed that the income this year
amounted to £24 15s. 2d., as compared with £35 5s.,
and the expenditure, including prize-money due, to
£20 10s. 7.J''., which left a deficiency of £4 158. bhtl,
as well as the value of the special prizes. After
some discussion, it was agreed to reduce the prize-
money by 35 per cent., owing to the funds being un-
equal to pay in full. It was decided that in future
it be intimated in schedules that the committee have
power to reduce the prize-money according to the
circumstances of the revenue. There had been a
fallipg off in the donations from £13 14s. &d., last
year, to £5 I2s. Gd. this year. In the former sum
was included a donation of £5 from the Earl of
Aberdeen, and a similar amount had not been
received from his lordship this year. The Secretary
read a letter from Lady Aberdeen, stating that Lord
Aberdeen and herself intended to give a special
prize at next year's show. A special prize of £1 was
intimated from Mr. Cockburn. The Chairman read
his annual report, which is as follows : — Our third
annual report indicates several points of improve-
ment, but the membership is now only fifty-two,
being a decrease of five. The prize-schedule has
doubled its advertising patronage — doubtless owing
to the Secretary's zeal — while the prizes have in-
creased from fifty-four to sixty-nine, including those
given by Dr. Maitland Moir, Mr. Cockburn, Cairnie,
Messrs. Farquharson & Co., Aberdeen, and the
Highland and Agricultural Society. The season has
brought out very varied results, with some good, the
average being high, while in other districts the
exceptional drought quickly withered the Clover,
and so stopped the honey flow. Fortunate bee-
keepers on this side of the " pond " mav hope for a
good price in the absence of foreign competition,
America reporting, in State after State, the honey
harvest a failure. Our August show was opened,
before an appreciative audience, by an interesting
speech from Lord Provost Hendei-son, who has still
further laid the Society under obligation by consent-
ing to become one of its patrons. Though the
entries were more numerous all over, the display of
honey was less, partly, perhaps, because the yield was
not equal to the season's early promise generally,
and partly, as some think, owing to the size of the
exhibits — the required weight being far too much for
general competition. The roport proceeded to state
that though much was done at the last show to
" fetch " the crowd, all failed ; but, it continued, it
is surely worth some earnest effort to promote this
elevating pastime, to popularise a wholesome article
of diet among the million, and to encourage an easv
addition to the income of the rural poor. The com-
mittee are pleased to report the extending usefulness
of the Society ; and, while thankful to friends for
past favours, would feel encouraged by new dona-
tions, or the ofl'er of special prizes for the annual
show. The report was unanimously adopted. Mr.
Black was re-elected Secretary, and, some discussion
having taken place with regard to reducing tlis
amount of honey required for exhibition, the meet-
ing adjourned.

George Gale.— it will be with regret that old
Chiswick men learn of the death, on Wednesday, the
liJth inst., of George Gale, who, for over twenty
years, had been employed as glazier, &c., by the
Royal Horticultural Society. Mr. Gale, who had
been unwell for a considerable time, was in his
sixtv-third vear,

The Weather.

MEAN TEMPEKATUKE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING NOV. 5. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

j Mean for the treek

Accumulated temperatureindicates the combined amount and
daration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
deprees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

TEMPESATtmE.

Above or
below the

Mean for

the weeh

ending

Oct. 24.

Accumulated.

DlSTBIOTa.

II

-<

-2 .a

Above 42° difference
from Mean since Jan.

4, 1887.

Below 42° difference
from Mean since Jan.

4, 1887.

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day- Day-

deg. deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

2 belo%v

22

8

-h 61 + 67

1. SCOTLAUD, E. ...

1 below

31

12

+ 92+ 81

2. England, N.E. ...

3 below

29

10

— 60 + 112

3. England, E. ...

6 below

34

19

— 124'+ 216

4. Midland Cos. ...

5 below

33

20

— 98 -^ 217

5. England, S.

6 below

41

17

— 171-1- 201

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

1 below

34

6

— 56 -^ 83

7. England. N.W....

3 below

30

4

— 6o'-^ 145

8. England, S.W....

4 below

40

5

- 82 + 196

9. Ireland, N,

1 below

35

0

+ 141 + 27

10. IBELAND, S.

2 below

42

2

+ 156-1- 110

— Channel Islands

4 below

52

0

- 65+ 77

Bainfail

Brioht
Sunshine.

DlSTBIOTfl.

5 0

.1^

hi

5|l

g.5

2;

3«

ill

Principal Wheat-pro-

Tenths of

Ins.

ducing Districts.

Inch.

0. Scotland, N. ...

4 more

186

31.3

10

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

5 less

133

18.7

32

33

2. England, N.E. ...

3 less

126

15.1

35

33

3. England, E. ...

3 less

120

14.2

33

41

4. Midland Cos. ...

6 less

107

14.0

31

37

0. England, S.

7 less

106

14.3

41

41

Principal Grazing, &c..

Distncta.

6. Scotland, W. ...

8 less

137

27.4

22

36

7. England, N.W....

8 less

116

18.2

30

37

8. England, S.W....

10 less

111

17.3

33

«

9. Ireland, N.

6 less

141

23.4

10

33

10. Ireland, S.

9 less

115

19.3

21

41

— Channel Islands

9 less

126

15.2

65

51

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Oct. 24, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been generally fair over the
southern part of the United Kingdom, but unsettled
and showery in the north. Fog has been somewhat
frequent over England, and at the close of the week

OcTOBBB 29, 1887.]

THE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE.

537

squalls of snow or hail were experienced at our
northern and eastern stations.

"The temperature has again been below the mean
in all districts, the deficit ranging from 1° in ' Scot-
land, E.,' ' Scotland, W.,' and ' Ireland, N.,' to 5° in
the ' Midland Counties,' and to 6° in 'England, E.'
and 'England, S.' The highest of the maxima were
recorded, as a rule, either on the 19th or 20th, when
the thermometer exceeded b5° in most places, and
reached 60° or 61° in the 'Midland Counties,'
'England, S.W.,' 'Ireland, S.,' and the 'Channel
Islands.' The lowest of the minima were registered
generally on the 22nd, when the thermometer fell to
2o° in 'England, E.' and 'England, S.W.,' and to
23° in the ' Midland Counties.' On the surface of
the ground the frosts were at times very severe.

" The rainfall has been considerably less than the
mean in all districts, excepting ' Scotland, N.' In
' England, S.' ' Ireland, S..' and the ' Channel Islands '
the amount has been scarcely appreciable.

''Bright sunshine has been less prevalent than it
waslast week, the percentage of the possible amount
of duration ranging from 10 in 'Scotland, N.,' and
'Ireland. N.,' to 41 in 'England, S.,' and Qb in the
' Channel Islands. '"

Enquiries.

" Ht that questioneth muck shall learn much." — Bacon.

Chancellor Potatos. — I planted this year half a
bushel of Chancellor Potatos, which produced
11 bushels of fine tubers. When boiled the quality
was found to be not good ; the ends were black, and
had a very strong flavour. I should be glad to know
if this is characteristic of the variety. A Young
Market Gardeiier.

Notices to Correspondents.

\* Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending
early intelligence of local events likely to be of
interest to our readers, or of any matters which it
is desirable to bring under the notice of horti-
culturists.

Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remark-
able plants, trees, &c., are also solicited.

Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters
relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of
the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher,
and that all communications intended for publica-
tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming,
should be addressed to the Editor. Such com-
munications should be written on one side only
qf the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos-
sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should
be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the
Editor to see.

Books: B. Webster. English Botany. Enquiries are
being made concerning this, which we will report
upon in a week or two. — W. B. You will find
some information in Tropical Agriculture, by P. L.
Simmonds (London: Ed. F. N. Spon).

Chsmical Manure for Palms, &c. : M. A. We
know of no formula for manufacturing such an
article. We should say that any substances used
l>y agriculturists for enhancing the production of
foliage would be the best — nitrate of soda, blood
manure, fish manure. Tannin is of no use as a
manure ; tan has some value after it has got
thoroughly decayed, and is of use on heavy soils.
The Oak leaf contains more woody fibre and less
water than some other tree leaves, and may, there-
fore, be useful as a manure.

Cjrysanthe.ml'm Stand and Box : A yovicc. To
hold one dozen blooms the stand should be 2 feet
long by IS inches wide, 6 inches high at the back,
and 3 inches at the front. The box should be so
arranged that the stands rest on ledges fastened on
the sides of the box in such a manner that the
stands when placed thereon are horizontal, and the
blooms when placed in tiielr tins are an inch from
the underside of the stand overhead.

Cloth Fern : S. W. G. Carmichael. We cannot
find any record of a Fern being so named, and
must infer that the nan.e was giyen to the plant py

English or American visitors, aB you surmise may
have been the case.

Correction : By a clerical error, a show at Horn-
dean was announced in our list of shows for the
next few weeks (p. 408). There is no show of
Chrysanthemums at that village.

Cucumher-Melon Jubilee : B. H. V. This is nei-
ther one thing nor the other, and is not pleasantly
enough flavoured for a Melon, or nice as a Cucum-
ber— at least in the ripe state, as sent.

Cyclamen Roots Eaten Awat on the Underside :
W. C. The work of the maggot of one of the
large family of weevils. You run the risk of
losing all your plants unless strong measures be
taken. Applications of any substance strong
enough to kill the maggot would kill the plant
also ; but you may shake out the tubers, carefully
wash them, and replant in clean weevil-free soil.
The weevils themselves may be caught at night
while feeding.

Fasciated Vanda Flower : T. G. It is not unusual.

Insect: A. S. Read answer to W, C.'s enquiry in
preceding paragraph.

Manure for Carnations in Pots : A, Z. — Give
Clay's Fertiliser. The dose to be given is indi-
cated on the can.

Names of Fruits: J. C. 1, Fondante d'Automne ;

2, Beurre Bosc ; 3, Old Crassane ; 4, White
Doyenn(5 ; 5 and S, Comte de Lamy ; 6, Beurre de
Capiaumont. Apples: 1, Yorkshire Beauty; 2,
resembles Ecklinville Seedling, but we are not
sure — a fine specimen ; 3, Court Pendu Plat ; 4,
Minshul Crab. — Arthur Moore. 1, Manning-
ton's Pearmain ; 2, not known, a fine distinct
looking sort; 3, Flower of Kent; 4. Holland-
bury ; 5, Court of Wick ; 6, Northern Greening. —
J. G. 1, Glou Mor^eau ; 2, St. Germain ; 3, not
known. — W. G. 1, Forelle; 4, Ne Plus Meuris ;
5, Louise Bonne of Jersey ; 7, Nonsuch ; 8,
Cox's Orange Pippin ; 9, Ribston Pippin ; 11,
French Crab ; 12, Northern Greening ; 10, Hoary
Morning ; 13, Uumelow's Seedling.— JK. S. D. 1,
Lord Suffield ; 2, Minshul Crab ; 3, not known ;
4, Yorkshire Beauty; 5, Hauwell Souring; 6, a
small Blenheim Orange.^ JT. Smith cf- Son. Pro-
bably Beauty of Wilts — but we are not quite sure. —
Cymro. 2, Triomphe de Jodoigne ; 4, Bellissime
d'Hiver ; 5, Vicar of Winkfield ; 6, Brown Beurre ;
others not recognised. — W. 0. 1, not known; a
very handsome Apple ; should be glad of some
grafts; 2, Mere de Menage. — The Bev. G. Blom-
field. 1, White Doyenne ; 2, not known — worth-
less.— C. Townse7id. 1 and 3. completely smashed in
transit : you should pack them in a somewhat better
manner than merely a paper bag; 2, Durondeau. —
G. W. D. The bright-coloured Apple is the Pomme
de Neige, or Snow Apple; the other Fearn's
Pippin. — /. Morrison. 1, Emperor Alexander; 3,
New Hawthornden ; 4, Keswick Codlin ; 5, Autumn
Bergamot ; 6, King of the Pippins; 7, Blenheim
Orange. — D. J. 4, Jules de Liron d'AiroUes ; 3,
Autumn Colmar ; 6, Bergamot d'Esperen ; 8,
Comte de Lamy ; 12, Uvedale's St. Germain.

Names of Plants: H. Smith. 1, Cryptomeria
japonica ; 2, C. japonica viridis ; 3, Juniperus vir-
giniana, variety ; 4, J. oblonga pendula; 5, Biota
orientalis ; 6, Pinus excelsa. — J. Ward. Rhus
Toxicodendron. — G.Barham. 6, a Himalayan Ma-
ple (Aceroblongum). — Hortus. Clematis orientalis.
— Kent cf Brydon. Asphodelus fistulosus. — W. P.
Lasiandra macrantha. — W. L, Aponogeton dis-
tachyon. We cannot undertake to name Chrysan-
themums.—i?. W. Euonymus europsus. — F. T.
1, Berberis vulgaris ; 2, Cotoneaster Simondsi ;

3, C.microphylla; 4, Alyssum saxatile ; 5, Aubrietia
deltoides purpurea. — J. W. Vanda coerulea, a very
good form. Fuchsia arborescens, figured in the
Botanical Magazine, 2620.— t/. E. 1, Bambusa For-
tunei variegata ; 2, Carex reparia variegata; 3,
Durantia Baumgartnerii variegata. — W. Physos-
tegia virginiana.

Scaly Growth on Oak Leaves : W. H. These are
the Oak-spangles — the work of a very small gall-
fly (Neuroterus lenticularis). In the projection in
the middle of each " spangle " you may discover a
small white grub.

Sulphate of Ammonia : A. A. Give it to the plants
you name in doses of half the strength recom-
mended for Chrysanthemums. For the other
information you seek apply to Mr. J. Hudson,

Gardener, Gunnersbury House, Gnnnersbury, Mid-
dlesex.
TuHERosE Spikes Dying: A. Z. We shall publish
an article on this subject next week. The spikes
die sometimes from watering freely before the
bulbs are well started, and from hurrying the
forcing.

Yucca aloifolia variegata : J. U. K. It is rather
rare for this plant to flower.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Messrs. W. P. Laird & Sinclair, 73, Nethergate,
Dundee — Fruit and other Trees, Ornamental and
Forest, Hedge and Underwood, &c.

F. Ra:MER, Quedlinburg— Viola tricolor, maxima
Victoria, and other Violas, and Phlox Drum-
raondi.

Messrs. Kent & Brydon, Darlington — Forest, Fruit,
and Ornamental Trees.

Commuxications Received.— E. a.— Wild Rose.— J. L. &
S.— S. C— A. Mc— M. J.— W. L.— W. J. P.— J. H. K.—
E. W. K.— U. D.— J. C— F. W. B.— J. B. D.— H. S. L.—
Amateur Apiarist.— Q. F. P.— G. N.— Rev. Canon EUa-
combe, shortlv.— M. W.— J. C. Q.— Messrs. J. N. & S.—
R. A. R,— C.W. D.— J. H. M.— H. M.— A. D.— Dr. C. P.—
T. W. R.— W. L. and J. F. P. (next week)
l^ Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or

asking questions demanding timeand research for their solution,

must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the

current week.

IARKET8,

COVENT GARDEN. October 27.

[We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reporta, which, however, are furnished to U9 regultirly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the i)rincipal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken aa indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken aa
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Business still remains very quiet, last week's quo-
tations being barely maintained. Kent Cobs, owing
to disinclination of growers to sell, are rising. James
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Capsicum, dozen ... 5
Chrysanthem., dozen 4
Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

0-18 0 j Evergreens, in var,,

0-601 per dozen 6 0-24 0

0- 9 0 ' Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0
0-90] Ficus elastica. each . 1 ti- 7 0
0-24 0 Foliage plants, vari-
0-12 0 I ous. each 2 0-10 0

I Fuchsias, doz. ... 3 0- 9 0

0-60 D Heliotrope, dozen ... 4 0- 8 0
0-24 0 Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0
0-15 0 Palms, in var., each 2 e-21 0

I Pelargoniums, scar-
0-18 0 I let, per dozen ... 3 0-60

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s.d.i

Abutilona, 12 bun ... 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 6
Asters, 12 bunches... 4
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Camellias. 12 blms... 4
Carnations, 12 blms. 1
Chrysanth., 12 bun. 6
— large, 13 blooms 2
Eucharis, per dozen 6
Gardenias. 12 blooms 3
Heliotropes. 12 spr. 0
Lilium tongiilorum,

12 blooms 6

Marguerites, 12 bun. 3
Mignonette, 12 bun. 1

d.s.
0- 4

i.
a

11-

H

II

0-

9

0

t>-

1

II

II-

«

II

0-

3 0 1

(1-

a

11

l»-

li

11

(1- K

11

II-

«

II

t>-

1

u

0- 9

0

II-

6

II

9-

3 0 1

Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 9-

— scarlet, 12 spr.,.. 0 6-
Primulas. double. 12

sprays 0 9-

Pyrethrum, 12 bun... 2 0-
Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 0-

— coloured, dozen. 1 0-

— red, perdozen ... 0 3-

— Saffrano, dozen... 0 9-
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4 0-
Tub^^roses. 12 blms.... 0 6-
Violets, 12bunches... 0 9-

— French, bunch... 1 0-

— Fr. Parme, bun. 4 0-
WhiteLilac,Fr.,bun. 7 0-

Veqetables.— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. doz....
Aubergines, each ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ...
Beet, red, per dozen
Carrots, per bunch,, .
Cauliflowers, each ...
Celery, per bundle ,.,
Cucumbers, each ...
Endive, perdozen ...
Green Mint, bunch,.
Herbs, per bunch ..
Leeks, per bunch .,
Lettuce, perdozen..

PoTATps.— Trade very bad, and prices lower than last weelj
^U round.

0 4- ...

0 3- ...

1 6- ...

Lettuce, Cos., each.,, 0 3- ,,.
Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ... 5 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

,, kidney, per cwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb, ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 2 6- ...
Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...

538

THE GJBDENEBS' CHIiONIGLE.

[OCTOBEB 2ff, 1887.

Fbuit.— ATERISE Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d. I s. i- s- i-

Apples, fsieve ... 1 3- 3 6 I Melons, each ... 0 6- a 0

Plums l-sieve 1 6- 4 0 1 Peaches, dozen ... 2 0- 9 0

erapei. per lb. ... 1 0- 3 0 | Pears j-sieve ... 2 B- 6 0

— Channel Isl., lb. 0 6- 0 9 — irench, dozen... 10-16
Kent Cobs. 100 lb.. ..55 0-60 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-30
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 ', — St. Michael, each 2 0-50

SEEDS.

London : Octobev 26.— Messrs. John Shaw & Son?,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., write tliat
exceedingly few people were on to-day's market, with
very little business doing. Clover seeds of all kinds,
while firmer on the Continent and in America,
excite but little attention here for the moment.
As regards Italian Kye-grass, some further sales have
taken place at enhanced rates ; stocks in France appear
almost exhausted. Canary and Hemp seed are both
dearer. The sharp weather inspires holders of Peas
with greater confidence. Feeding Linseed is steady.
(Jther articles at this quiet season offer no subject
for remai'k.

Avemc/es. — Official statement showiug the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended October 22:— Wheat, 29s. M. ; Barley,
28*. lOd. ; Oats, 15s. 4d. For the corresponding
week in 1886 ;— ^yheat, 29s. 9d. ; Barley, 27s. id. ;

FRTJIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia; October 26.— Jloderate supplies ; trade
good. Quotations : — Dessert Apples, 3s. ^id. to 5s. 6(i.
per bushel ; cooking do., 2s. 9(Z. to 5s. do.; Blenheim
do., 4s. 6(Z. to OS. 6tZ. do. ; Brussels Sprouts, 2s. to 3s.
]ier lialf-sieve ; Cabbages, 45. to 10s. per tally ;
Cauliflowers, 2s. to 4s. per dozen ; Celery, ^s. to
125. per dozen bundles ; Greens, 2s. &d. to 3s. 6d,
do. ; Turnips, 3s. to 4e. Qd. do. ; Carrots, 2s. to 2s. 6rf.
do. ; Beetroots, 2s. to 3s. do. ; English Onions, 5s.
to 6s. per cwt. ; foreign do., 4s. M- to 5s. per bag of
110 lb. ; Lisbon aud Spanish do., 7s. to 8s. per box ;
Carrots, 30s. to 45s. per ton.

Stkatfoed ; October 25. — Good supplies of all
kinds of produce met a fair trade at the under-
mentioned quotations : —Cabbages, 6s. to 7s. per tally ;
Savoys, 7s. to 7s. Qd. do.; Greens, 2s. to 3s. per
bunch ; Turnips, 4s. to 45. &d. per dozen bunches :
do.. 45s. to 50s. per ton ; Carrots, household 40s. to 50s.
do. ; do., cattle feeding, 275. to 325.. do. ; Mangels,
175. to 225. do.; Swedes, 21s. to 24s. do.; Onions,
Valengias, 6s. to 7s. per case ; do.. Oporto, 8s. to 95.
do. ; Apples, American, 14s. to ISs. per barrel ;
do., English, 4s. to 8s. per pad ; Pears, 3s. &d. to 8s.
per bushel ; Walnuts, 25. to 3s. per peck ; Chestnuts,
95, to 10s. per sack ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. per bundle ;
Carrots, 2s. fid. to 3s. 6d. per dozen bundles.

POTATOS.

BoROnGHAND SprrALFiELDS ; OrfoJer 25. —Supplies
continue to come forward freely, and only the
best samples meet any demand. Quotations ; —
Beauty of Hebrons, SOs. to 110s. ; Regents, 60s. to
80s. ; Early Roses, 50s. to 90s. ; Magnum Bonum, 57s.
to 90s. per ton.

CoLTOiBiA (East London) : October 26.— Quota-
tions ; — Magnums, 555. to 80s. ; Beading Hero,
70s. to 80s. ; Regents, 605. to 80s. ; Schoolmaster,
805. to 90s. ; Victorias, 60s. to 70s. ; Early Rose,
70s. to 80s. ; Beauty of Hebron, 80s. to 955. per ton.

Stratford : October 25. — Quotations : — Beauty
ol Hebron, 90s. to 1208. ; Magnums, high land, 50s.
to 7os. ; do., low land, 50s. to 60s. ; Scotch Regents,
75s. to 85s. per ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week con-
sisted of 1092 bags from Hamburg, 52 sacks Bremen,
68 tons Pontrieux, 772 bags Ghent, 23 Rotterdam, 3
Harlingen, 12 Flushing, 4 Reval, and 126 baskets
from Amsterdam.

HAT.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The SI... k at tlu- Cla]iton Niir^i-rv i^ of Mi'h iiiaKintude that
without n-i'iiig it it is not easy to form au adeijuate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

FEUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,

BOUVARDIAS, CYCLAMENS, ERICAS, EPACHIS, PRIMU-
LAS, SOLANUMS, TREE CARNATIONS, and other
WINTER and SPUING BLOOMING PLANTS,
Of fine quality and immense niunbers.
Inspection Invitf.d.
The Glass Structures cover an area of 2S2,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

Tlie BEST HOSES,

The BEST CAMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c..

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHRUBS,

The BEST PABK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUIT TREES and GRAPE \'INES,

The BEST SEEDS, &c..

Averiufes. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 90s. to
lOOs. ; inferior, 705. to 84e. ; hay, prime, 70s. to
92s. 6d. ; inferior, 45s. to 66s ; and straw, 27s. to 40s.
per load.

Slay be

ud Purchase.! at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAULS NURSERIES,

WALTHAM CROSS

(near •■Waltham Cross" Station, Great Eastern Railway, half
au hour from Loudon). Prices as low as possible. Inspection
invited. Priced CATALOGUES Free.

T 0

THE TRADE.

JOHN MOOY,

BULB GROWER, from H.LVRLE-M. HOLLAND.

11, "White Hart Street, Catherine Street, W.C.

J MOOY begs to inform his Customers that he
• has arrived in London, as usual, at the above Address,
with a choice selection of

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, &C.

All Orders shall receive Ins most promiit and careful attaition.

SPIR.T2A JAPONICA, DIELYTRA SPECTABILIS, aud

Clumps of LILY of the VALLEY, extra tine.

SPECIAL QCOTATlOtfS for LAUGE QUANTITIES.

CATALOGUES on application.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

DUTCH AND CAPE BULBS

MEECT FROM THE GROWERS,

ANT. ROOZEN & SON.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

OF CHOICE HARDY FLOWER ROOTS
For Indoor and Spring Gardening, again enlarged, now

Collection " F," for Spring Gardening,
Containing 1000 Bulbs.

36 Hyacinths, distinct coloi
50 Tulips, single, early.
50 Tulips, double.
24 Tulips, single, late.
20 Narcissus, Polyanthus.
30 Narcissus, incomparabilis.
24 Narcissus, Poeticus.
50 Anemones, double.
24 Anemones, single.
400 Crocus.in4distinctcolour3

60 Persian Ranunculus.
60 Freuch Ranunculus.
60 Snowdrops, single.
60 Spanish Iris.
24 Triteleia uniflora.
24 Gladiolus.
4 Lilium umbellatum.
24 Scilla sibirica priecox.
16 Eranthis Hyemalis (Winter
Aconite).

Collection " C," for Indoor, containing
284 Choice Bulbs for 60-Pots and Glasses.

Half of either of the above for lis.

The above Packages may be had from our Ag,'nt«, Messrs.
MERTENS AND CO.. 3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-HiU, London,
E.C.. on receipt of Cheque or Post-office Order.

For particulars of our other Collections of Bulbs for INDOOR
and SPRING GARDENING, see our completo and revised
CATALOGUE for 18S7, which will be sent, post-free, on appli-
cation to our Agents, or ourselves direct.

ANT. BOOZBlf & SON, Nurserymen,

OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

FRUIT TREES.— Well-ripened Clean Trees,
well rooted and grafted on best stocks. All best sorts of
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES. Standards and
Pyramids, Trained. APRICOTS, NECTARINES, and
PEACHES, Trained. Standard and Dwarf ROSES, all the
finest sorts. Fruit Trees in pots. CATALOGUES Gratis.
JOHN LATNG and SONS. Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

RHODODENDRONS, Hybrid, 18 inches to 2
feet, £.j to f 6 per 100 ; PONTICUM, 18 inches to 2 feet,
£3 to £2 ins. per 100.
AZALEA PONTICUM, 12 to 18 inches, £2 to £3 10s. per 100.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 3 to 4 feet, £3 to £2 10s. per 100 ;

21 to 3 feet, £1 to £1 16s. per 100.
COTONBASTER SYMONDSII, 4 feet, £1 to £1 Is. per 100.
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, £5 per 1000.
HOLLY, Green, 12 to 18 inches. SA per 1000.
LAURELS. Colchicum, £1 to £1 Is. per 100.
RICHARD MASON, Windlesham Nursery, Bagshot, Surrey.

OREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,

18s. per 1000. Ash, IJ to 2 feet, 10s. per loOO; ditto,
2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech, U to 2 feet, \ks. per 1000;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 18s. per 1000. Birch, 1 to Ij foot, 18s. per
1000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Elm,
U to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000;
ditto. 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. 6<i. per
1000 ; ditto. 4 to 6 feet, 20s. per 1000, Spruce Fir, 1 to \\ foot,
8s. per HX)0 ; ditto, IJ to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 2J feet,
12s. per 1000. Scotch Fir. IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000. Oak, 1} to
2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000. Pinua
austriaca. 2 years transplanted, fine, 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet,
2 to 2i feet, 26.s. per 1000 ; ditto, 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore,
IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000.
Thorns. 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. 1^ to 2 feet, 1.5s. per
1000; ditto, 2 to 2ifeet, 17s. id. per 1000. Special offers for
extra quantities.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

'\(\ i\(\i\ ROSES.— Five First Prizes Grand

«/V/^UvU Yorkshire Gala. York, 1887, for Roses;
Three First Prizes Leeds Horticultural Society, 1887 ; and
several other places. H. May has gained more First Prizes at
the Grand Yorkshire Gala for Roses during the last 20 years
than any other firm. New CATALOGUE of Roses, Greenhouse
Plants, &c., free on application.

Grand H.P. ROSES, purchasers' selection. 6s. per dozen,
carriage and package free. Twelve splendid TEAS, .strong, 10s.
per dozen, carriage and package free. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Testimonials daily.

HENRY MAY, Hope Nurseries, Eedale, Yorkshire.

C^ARNATION, " PAUL ENGLEHEART."—

\j New Crimson Clove, perfectly hardy, free flowering,
fine rich colour, remarkably fragrant.

REQUIRES NO STICKS.
S<ieGardmers' Chronicle. Oct. 1. 1887, p. 409. Gilbert David-
so.v, having acquired from the Rev. G. H. Engleheart the entire
stock of this fine and useful border Carnation, is prepared to
Book Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
requested. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict
rotation, at 2s. 6tf. each, 24y. per dozen.

GILBERT DAVIDSON, Wernoleu, Ammanford, R.S.O.,
Carmarthenshire. S. Wales.

Novelty of the Season.

ISPATH, NuRSERY'MAN, Rixdorf, Berlin,
J% Germany. Established 1758. 3i0acresinculture.

NOVELTY of the SEASON.
ROSE, "KROWN PRINZESSIN VICTORIA."— A yellowish
sport of the celebrated Souv. de la Malmaison. This Rose ex-
cells by a splendid flower of very delicate colouring, by its
superb form, and is exceedingly free in blooming. It obtained
a First-class Certificate of Merit from the Horticultural Society
for the Kingdom of Prussia.

Price, £1 each. £9 for 10. £S0 per 100.
CATALOGUE, with Coloured Picture of the Rose,

Gratis and Post-tree.

Reduced Prices to meet Depression. _

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE,
comprising fine transplanted FRUIT TREES, ROSES,
Hardv CLEM.tTIS, RHODODENDRONS, CONIFERS,
TREES and SHRUBS, CLl.MBERS, FOREST TREES, &c.,
free on application to

GEO. JACKWIAN & SON,

WOKING NURSERY, SURREY.

TO THE TRADE.

Double DAFFODILS, in 4 sizes.
Tenby DAFFODILS, in 4 sizes.

Prices on application to

BARR & SON, 12, KING STREET,

COVENT GARDEN, W.C.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDQWOETH, HERTS.

October 29, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEB8' CHBONIGLE.

539

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Otberfl

intendinf,' phiiKins yhrub-s iiml Trees, &c.. this Autumn.

ROBEKT NKAL begs respectfully to call
' iitt^ntioii to his large ami varied stook of the above,
more e^peiriallv to those varieties most suitable for To^^ti
Plnnting.of which he holds a larf;e collection, such as PLANES.
LIMES, ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS. and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders araountinj! to £5 and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free ou
appHoation.

The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. S-W.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, KEAUIXC!, BERKS,

LARGEST GROWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE
IN THE KINGDOM.

Price Lists and raiiiplilcts on appliiatiou.

pOCOA-NUT FIBRE newly made.— Great

V^ reduciion. In bags— 20, 14?.; 40, 2,is., bags included.
Truck-load of two tons, 20s. All free on to rail.
.7. STEVENS AXD CO., Greyhound Yard, and 153, High

Street. Batte

. S.W.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

Peat of lirst-rate .luality, suitable for

ORCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,

FERNS,

and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the saclt, or by the 'yard ; also first-rate
PEAT MOULD.— For printed particulars, apply, D. CAMERON,
Forester. Mount Mascal Estate. North Cray. Foofs Cray, Kent.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Oechid peat Special

For general purpo.^e3. Loam. Sand, LenfOIould. Sphagnum.
Cocoa-Nut Fibre. Cliarcoal, and all kinds of Nursery Stock, at
the old-established Horticultural Sundries Dejintand Nui
Kingwood. Hants, For Price List apply EPPS & CO.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best qxialit>/, as supplied to the lioi/ai Gardens, ^c.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 10 sacks for 10s., 15 for

14s., 20forl8s...30for25s. ; two ton truck, 25s. Free on rail.
RUSSLi MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack.

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 for 22s. Sd.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PE.AT, 4s. Sd. per sack, 6 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. ed. per bushel; I4s. fton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD. 3s. per sack. r25s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA, LABELS, STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, Slc.
SPHAGNUM, MOSS, 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack.
SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, eachSd. per lb.

28 lb. for l&s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Eichange Warehouses, South
wark Street, London, S.E.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),

40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks,

25s. ; sacks, 4<f. each
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 8s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,

id. each.
COAKSE SLLVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per half

ton : 26s. per ton, in 2-bu-shel bags, id. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF

MOULD, Is. per bushel
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack.
MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGm CORK, TOBACCO

CLOTH. RUSSLA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—

H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury

Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard). W.C.

VINE and FBUIT BOBBERS and
ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES, &c.

Replenishing^ Potting^ arid Hejiewinff Season,

The best permanent Fertiliser is W. & Son's

"LE FRUITIER," £16perton.

Best BONES, pure new cru,hed, dust to J inch, £8 10s.
Best Yellow Fibrous LOAJI, 'iVhite WOOD and PEAT ASHES,
Rough Lump CHARCOAL, PEAT, S-AND, COMPOSTS, MATS.
RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, N'ETS, INSECTICIDES, MAJT-
tJRES, &c. Samples and prkes post-free.

WOOD & SON, Wood Green, London, N.

GARDENERS, &o., REQUIEHSTG PEAT,
SAND. LOAM. POTTING COMPOST. GARDEN
NETTING, RAFFIA. MATS, &c., in large or small quantities,
will save 25 per cent, by seiijin;,- for our List of Prices, post-
free. BRINKWORTH a>-ii SONS, Reading.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH^

To all Grubs, Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thrip, Mealy

Bug. Caterpillars, &c., &c.
PERFECTLY ) '" ""^ Hanis »nj Skin, but -n-ill cure
UADMi ccc ( Kingworm in Animals, and all Diseases
nAKlVILcoo ) produced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A combination of Hydrur-.rbon Oils, made .soluble in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS &. PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Koots or
OU the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Hi. mists. ls.6d. Cs.Cl, i- !s.6d;

* gallon 7s. 6d, 1 gallon l'.;s, i;d, or less in larger quantities,

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wh. lb-sal.;- : II ri! i: Co. -, C. ir.av. Sopeh, Fo%vi.En & Co. ;

C. E. (is-iAN i- (. ; aud from all tlie London Seed Mer-
chants and Whol.-«al.> Patent Medicine Houses. NEW
YOKK-HoLKER 4: Soxs.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

Tliroirs a fine
■yirtti/ 20//., and
II Jet 30 ft., tcith
(jreat force.

A splendid
snhstituie for iJie
Si/ringefor using
Insecticide, Price
2as. A larger
size for toatering
purposes, 45s.
C.^rria2:e Paid.

HUGHES'

&REEN & CREAM COLOR SHADING

For
Glass Houses

For Fisinf? Bloom of Azaleas, ■■ | | ^^|_l ^ ^ 9
..i'c., and for Cut Flowers. nU^llCBd

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Diies
instantly. Sold in bottles. Is. & 2s. Fer post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing- Vines Bleeding- after Pruning.
Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In botUes 1/6 ani 2,0. Per post, 3d. extra.
For Destroying Eeutlos. C'u'jkrnafh'-^
Crickets, Bugs, Floa.s, Mo^.quitl^^ ^.-e

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

E. GRIFFITHS HUSHES, °gli^F

>^!CT:jRIA & OATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.
Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... .'i.^. per sack ; 5 sacks for 225. id.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. id. „ 6 saeks for 20t.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. id. „ 5 sacks for 25*.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... "J

PREPARED COMPOST, best (is. per bush., 3s. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD. „ J

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. id. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... Sd: lb., 28 lb. Ws.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) Sd. lb., 28 lb, 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 6s. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-'i In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for ( . ' ^

aU kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. SSlb. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruitj. Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIRGrN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6ii. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE EETUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;
30 sacks. 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
2.5s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

■WEST FEEEY EOAD, MIL'WALL, LONDON, E.

PEAT for SALE, for Rhododendrons and all
other American Plants, 10s. per ton. Light Brown Peat,
for Greenhouse Work, 2s. id. per bag.

Seedling RHODODENDRONS, from 2 to 6 inches in height,
warranted good rooted, 12s. per 1000 ; samples shown.

Apply, by letter, for further particulars, to DENNIS
HEATHER. West End, Chobham. Woking. Surrey.

TREPHO forORCHIDS.

For Potting, Rafts, Blocks, &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S., F.E.H.S.,

7oA, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G. ; and

SWAN PLACE, OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all Horticultural Requisites post-free.
POTTERY of all descriptions.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAJUN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Keimard), Central Office and Sales Room, 7oA, Queen Victoria
Street, E.C., near Mansion House Station. DepOt : Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegbams — " Floriculture. London." Established 1854.

PEAT and SAND.— Light BroNvn PEAT for
Nursery and Greeuhou.se Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. ^d. per-
bag. SIX\'T:R sand, coarse or fine, I3s. per ton.

\V.f\XKER AXD CO.. Famboro' Station, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT.— Excellent for Heaths and general use, 7s. per yard.

As. per sack. Orchid (specialite). finest selected Fern fibre.

€,s. 6d. per sack. EhcKlodendron, 10s. per ton ; not less

than 5 tons.
LOAM.— Good fibrous, 13s. per ton, ls.9££. per sack.
LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.
SILVER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. 6rf.

and 8s. per ton.
SPHAGNU3I MOSS.— Fresh, 6s.6rf. per sack.
GRAVEL. — Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths,

8s. Gd. per ton.
The above prices are the lowest ever offered to growers, and
will be in force three months only.

GATERELL & SON, Peat Merchants, Eingwood.
ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thripg, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 3 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes. 6rf. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY

(Limited), Loudon.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised bv 16,000 of the Nobility. Gentry,
and'Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 O-wt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDCtATE HILL, E.C. ;

BAOHELOE'S WALK, DUBLIN.— .ZMsoner* for Colli.

540

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 29, 1887.

THOMAS'S

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS

ilnk-ii;miiini.iiiiiimii...j||i;illl||lllllt[lllllllij'llimiiuill[|i|i|i[iiiii'

Strednlng Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 635.

As illustrated above, price 3s. 3(f. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Terminal Holdfasts.— No. 632.
. _, No. 632a. ie»

lO'j _ ; ^..^ P^do^-

2 2} 3 31 inches. _

3d., 4d., 5d., 7d. per doz. — a=iii==-^

Best Galvanised Wire, la. 3d., la. 6d., Is. 9d.

])er 100 yards.
niustrated CATALOGUE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, WINDOW CASES,

CAVES, W.ATERFALLS, Wl.NDuW BOXES. AliUAHIA.
ARTIFICIAL ROCKWORK for Ballrooms, Halls, Staircase".,
&c., temporarily erected and constructed, under persouiil
superintendence of

HARPHAM iXD HOWES.

Horticultural Depot. 107, Church Street, Edgivare Road, N.W.

Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW .SEASONS AKCIIANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA (Fresh Arrival).

SPECIAL QC'OTATIOX.S on API'L/CAT/ON.

JAMES T.^NDERSON,

136, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.

hFrT I C U LTU R A L CLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS &, CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

T//mw:BO^/^S(M.

ai^ifiS STOl/BBR/mE,

WATERPROOF TREE LABELS,

ali.l all i]u»l,ti,.s ,jf

DIRECTIOM LABELS,

for Nurserymen. Set*men. and Florists.
Samples and PRICE LIS! on application.

FISHER, CLARE & CO.,

LABEL MANUFACTUREBS, BOSTi^N. LINCOLNSHIRE.

NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS of all descriptions. RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MAKE.NDAZ iHP FISHER. 9 and
10, James Street. Covent Garden. W.C.

HILL 8c SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

AND AT lis, QI'EEN VICTORIA STREET, LOXDdN. E.G.

FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
KOBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHOUSES Heated L'4 Hours for
about one Penny, without attention. RnBERTS'S
PATENT TERRA-OOTTA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common, coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses. Bedrooms. &c. Pamphlets, Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,
118, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.V.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing fmc, and delivered to any London Station,

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

21 c

11/-
13/-
17/6

;e, 8 by 6.

13J by 8J for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 16 i

15/6 or 250 squares 8^

19/- squares, 9f by 6^, or 170 squares,

24/- 9 by 7J, or 150 squares, 10 by 8,

20/- for 105. Carriage paid for all order*

18

12

20 „ 12

21/- „ 31/-

24/-

35/-

r£3.

cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE.
14, Moor Lane. Cripplegate, London, E.C.

W. H. LASCELLES Sl CO ,

HORTItl LTI RAL ItUIIDEKS

121 BUNHILL ROW LONDON E.C

JtlmtriUi C inl ^

W H LASCELLES AND CO will p ve Est mates for every
descr pt on of HORTICl LTI RAL WORK free of charge and
senl competent a^ tant** when necessary

LASCELLES NEW ROCKWORK mater al n vanous
colours Samples can be seen and pr ce-* obta ned at
1*>1 BunhilRow Lonion EC

Illustrated L sta of \S ooden Bu Id ngs Greenhouses and
Conservatories, ajid Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on application.

MESSENGER & CO.'S New CAiAijUGUE of Gieeuhouses and Heating Apparatus,

111 t is'jupd \m11 be foun 1 the mu-^t tumpiete pnctiLdl, and rfii;iMi' t,ni"'<' '" i'" 'ibout to build, alter, or heat greenhouses.
Ill \ tr t ris of (Very description of (.ila-.->h )u^e from the largest raiij;.' nf Wnilrr Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
Or fiili IS s Plant Protectors ind U irien l-r imes , al-*o of all the bi>l kmti i.f Hmlers. Hot^water Pipes, nnd all appliances for
h< itiiig This Catalogue, pot^t sswig hundreds uf illustrations of all the lat^J^t inipruvcments in greenhouse building and heating,
is ( n a scale never before atti nif t+> 1 It should be in the hands of every one inten-sted in gardening, as it contains many practical
hints on the subjects of whith it trt its the result of many years' experience. Price 28. poSt-fl'ee.

A large numbi r of the lUustratiuns are taken from greenhouses erected by uh in various parts of the country, an inspection of
tilts Catalogue show'f, therpftre I uil I hks tlic elhcienn of which has been well tested by actual use. The julvautages possessed by
us enable us to carry out \\ rl \ il il i(ni I ) r iii| iiifsp and in the very bc-^t s(yl.>, :it pm..^ which defy competition. Survey*
made itnd gentlenun \\ ' I i r i 1 1 Phm.- and Et,tm];it.- ti>f .>m iii'|.)iiiit mn.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH,

OcTOBEB 29, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

541

NEW BOOK of Photo-Lithographed Sketches of Winter Gardens Rangeg of Ilothou e-* \ inenes Architeaural Con
\ atones &(. of \ariou3 Designs and bizes recently constructed erected fitted and heated complete by us in different parts
the coulltr^ ^vith partitulira jf the most suLtessful Hot water Heating Vpparatuh of the cfntur> lost free on applitation

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-»««"
CHAMPAGNE, "GEVENCEY," 30/-»»«"

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchsnts.

Hot-water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
4-iii(;h I'ipes at Is. 6(f. per yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

and all other Mnds of
BOILERS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &c.
PATENT STEEL TBENTHAM BOILER is far the best, cheapest, and
most economical Hot-water Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring
perfect combustion saves fuel niii prevents smoke, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly
prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.
HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected
complete ; efficiency guaranteed.
PUMPING MACHINERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, ^c.
Illustrated Slieets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

SILVESTER'S

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

1887.

Please send me " The Gabdenebs' Chbonicle " for

_M(mt]is,

commencmg_

_,for which I enclose P.O.O..

S" Please Note that all Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months. 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. id. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9rf. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6rf. for 12 Moiaths. India and China, 19s. &

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.O.O. to be made payable at the Post Office,

No. 42, DRTJRY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DKUMMOND."

Hyacinths in Pots.
)OTS made expressly for HYACINTHS can

be supplied by

J. MATTHEWS, Koyal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.

Price List free.

S'

Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing
TRONG, well-made PUTb for the above can

be supplied by

J MATTHEW S Royal Pottery Weston super AUre

Prite List free

AltDEN REQUISITES —Sticks, Labels,

Virgin Cork Raffia Mats Bamboo Canes Rustic Work,
Manures &c Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL 90 Lower Thames Street London EC

LEAN TO CONSER\ 4.T0R1 OR ORLLN HOUSE

No "il — A remarkably pretty design at a \ery moderate

price Prices gnen ire for erectim, complete (-ttith brick

work) within 15 miles of London Bridge Proportionate

prices m any part of the country.

Loughborough Hot-Water Apparatus (fixed) extra, as below.
Size. Price. H.W. Ap. I Size. Price. H.W. Ap.
lOtt. by 6ft. jei9 10 JE5 h 20ft. by 10ft. £32 0 £6 15
12ft. by 8ft. £24 0 £5 15 2.5ft. by 12tt. £48 10 £7 10
loft, by 9ft. £28 0 £6 5 | 30ft. by 13ft. £66 0 £3 10
ILLUSTRATED SHEETS of Cossektatories. Green-
houses, &c.. with Prices for Erecting and Heating, FREE.

SURVEYS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY
FHEE OF CHARGE. Iv^ii

nd Estimates FREE,

DEANE & CO.,

il Hot-water Engineers,

\ LONDON BRIDGE.

Horticultural Buildei
46a, King Will
Street.

RICHARDSON'S

>^>\HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hot-water

'yO'*^^ Apparattis complete.

CATAIOGUE
FREE.

North of England Horticultural Works^VwO
DARLINGTON.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES,

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0
12 feet long. 4 feet wide, ,, „ ,, 4 15 9

6 feet long. 5 feet wide, ,, „ „ 3 15 0

12 feet lon"c, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 6 10 0

Tne glass is nailed and putftied in.

B, HALLIDAY St CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

KOYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent : Mr. H. SEELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

542

THE GAUDENERS' cub on I CLE.

[October 29, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising".

Head Lvie charged as two.

4 Lines

. . £0

3

0

15

Lines .

£0 8

6

5 „

. 0

3

6
0

16

17

0 9
0 9

0

6 „

. 0

4

6

7 „

. 0

4

6

18

0 10

0

8 „

9 „

. 0
. 0

5

5

0
6

19

0 10
0 11

6
0

10 ,.

. 0

6

0

SI

0 11

(i

11 „

. 0

G

fi

22

0 12

0

12 „

. 0

7

0

23

0 12

0

13 „

. 0

7

6

24

0 13

0

14 „

. 0

8

0

85

,,

0 13

(j

AND SIXPEXCE

For

EV

ERY ADDITIONAI.

LINE.

If set aero

5 two Colum

n». t

le lowest charge

vill be 20,!.

If set across

three Colum

OS t

le Ion

est charge

will be 30

!.

Pag

.£S; H.ilEP

•ige.

Si lOs

; CoUimn

£3.

Gardeners and- -aUiers Wanting Situations.

26 words, iiicladliig name and address. Is ijd.,

and 6t/.for every additional line(about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcement5 of Vacant
Situatious, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against hnoiiig Letters addressed to Initials at Post-o^ices, as
ail Letters so addresxci are opened by the authorities arul

nsd to the sender.
BiRTiis, Deaths r

id Matibiages, 5s. each insertion.

i,i,j I

AU Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United KiNt^uoM : 12 Months, 153.; 6 Months,

7S. 6d. ; 3 Mouths, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (exceptin*; ladia and China); including Postag

173. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 193. 6d.

P05to:Tiee Orders to b- nnde payable at the Po,t Offiei

42, DRURY LAXE, W.C., to W. RICHARDS.

PpBLisHixa Office and Office for Adveutisemexts,

41, "Wellington Street, .Strand, London, W.Q.

ICEEP OyT THE F^OST,

Wright & Butler's

PRIZE MEDAL PORTABLE

OIL STOVES

Uniform Temperature Always Maintained.

NOT INJURIOUS TO PLANTS.

With or Without the Hot-Water Arrangemei

For Heating Ilio (livoulionso or Oin.sorvfit(ny thc.c hfto'
are a marvel of utility. They require no lixiii^ and nf
attention but once or twice each day ; can be tn'ininc-d a
lighted in five minutes, and with no more trouble tliau (1
required to trim and light an ordinaiy table lamp. A 1 ni
ing measuring 20 by 15 feet can b« heated in an cHiri.
manner at a cost of one farthing per hour. At^k your Ire
monger for Illustrated Catalogue, which gives all particuli
concerning these stoves. When purchasing, insist upon havi
the genuine article withbrass label attached bearing our nan
MA.NUFACTORT : BIRMINGHAM,

C 0.' s

HA K D Y li K U I X .'
AUTUMN SPECIALTY.
UNIVERSAL GREENHOUSE, span-roof, 24 feet by 9 feet,
£17 10s., complete. A marvel. GARDEN LIGHTS, strong,
well-made, glazed and painted, 6 feet i inches by ri feet, £l ■!«.;
6 feet 3 inches by 5 feet. £3. NEW VICTORIA HANDLIGHT,
4 feet, to cover 15 square feet, 22s. The best made.
All carriage paid. Catalogue frt-c.
Steam Power Greenhouse Works, Sussex Street, Leicester.

Rosber's Garden Edging Tiles.

HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
jKITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little
and once put down incur
further latwur or expense,
do "gro^vn" Edging
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAmS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL DRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great varietv. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

I

V K K SAND,

grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton

quantities.

F. KOSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B, — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

21-OZ Foreign of the above si/e^, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3K ml 4ths quilities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, cau be obtiiined from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GL.iSS, LEAD. OIL auiiX'DLiK'R 5IEH0H iXT.S.

34, St. JoUn Street, West Smithfleld, London, E.G.

.Woct Z.i>

vl Pi

flir

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
J PETERS a.xdSI (.\S,4-l. Tenter St., South,

GooJman-s Fiol,!-., Lni„lon, K.. nre now selling, at
extremely Low Prices, New .':..a-<.,i^ t,«t quality heavy full-
size Archangel MATS: also St. Petersburg M.-ITS, Packing
MATS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address.

V^

M A T S.—

New Season's MATS,

(^ A K D E N

VJ We have just received
specially selected for Garden use.

NEW ARCHANGEL (full size). 905. per lOO. 10s. per ten.

BEST HEA%'Y RUSSIAN, 70s. per 100, 7s. 6rf. per ten.
Other sorts cheaper.
_ BRINKWORTH AND SONS. Importer-;. Reading.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PETKP.SBURG, and PACKING
MATS. TOBACCO PAPEK and CLOTH. RAFFIA. PEAT
LOAM. SILVER SAND and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & CO.. 129, Commercial Street,

SpitJilfields, Tjonilon. E
MADE WITH BOILINO WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL- COMFORTINO.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILINO MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accidents, Employer's Liability, insuredagainst by the

i:>AILAVAY PASSENGEltS' ASSURANCE

i.\> COMPANY. 64, Comhill, London. Income £21'i.i»0.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2.350.00(1. .Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Lilieral
Bettlemi'ut of Claims. Chairman. Harvie .M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End OIHce. 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C.j He.ad
Office, ei, Comhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florlstg.
r BLACKS URN and SONS are offering Arch-

' • angel .Mat^lowerthananyother house inthe trade : also
?tersb[irf; Mats and Mat Ba^s, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
id Shading. Prices free. — i and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C.

A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition.

NOW BEABY.

VINES AND VINE CULTURE:

THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES
EVER PUBLISHED,

BY

ARCHIBALD F. BARRON,

SUPERISTFVni-TVT OF THK ROYAL IIORTIC ULTtTRiL SOCIETr'3

Gardens, Skcretart of thk Fiiurr Co.mmittee, &c.

XVI.

x\n

X\III

i-IX

XX

X\I

WII

wiir
\x\

XXVII
Plates I -

CONTENTS.

Historical Sketch.

Propagation of the Vine.

Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed.

^'ine Borders: their formation, soils, &c.

Structures for Grape Growing.

Heating of Vineries.

Planting Vines : when and how to do it.

The Geueral Management of Vineries.

Pruning and Training the Vine.

Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots.

Setting the Fruit.

Thinning the Fruit.

Keeping the Fruit.

Packing Grapes.

Pot Culture of Vines.

Fruiting Vines in Pots.

Pot \ ne as Decorat ve Table Plants.

C round \ ner es

Tl e Creat Grap Conservatory at Chiawiek.

\ Op n Walls

[ C Iture.

I I jur es.

1 for Special Purposes.
ill uf Crrape Vines.

II t, \ ar et uf Europei n Grapes.
The \ ar et es of Amer can Grapes.

-WX Illu trat ons of the best kinds of Grapes.

•JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE,

171, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C.
To be had aho of A. F. nAJiUOy. Ho'/nl IlorticuUural

Gardm^. Chiuc.r'., London. W.

Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound in Cloth.
Price 53. ; Post-free, 5s. 6d.

PARTXEIISIHP. — A Xurs.'rvman in the
South of England, having two wll-.toVked Nurseries, is
anxious to take a thoroughly energetic and trustworthy
Partner who has a knowledge of the trade. Will prove a
really good investment to a business man with a moderate
capital. Established over thirty years. — For particulars
apply to Messrs. WEEKS axd WATTS, Wokingham, Berks.
No agents need apply.

WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR-
DENER, wherr' fbr-.- — ■> k";'^, -Small, or no family;
thoroughly understaruli' .: I ! i-. -, I i . .-;. Shrub-*, Sheep, Cows,
and Poultry. Wifeton. ■ '' : -Apply, first by letter
stating age, particular-, ■ - n l"iili situations), JOHN
ARKCOLE, Foley Huii^^'. M u l-i ^_

WANTED, ayoung Man, as good GENERAL
PROPAGATOR under Glass. Must be thoroughly up
to his work, and with first-clas^i references; none need apply
without. Good wages. — MARSHALL BROS. AND CO.,
Barnham, Bognor.

WANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, for the
Houses, and to Work Outside when required. Must
be a steady respectable Man, with a good knowledge of Garden
Work. Wages, Lis. per week, and Bothy. Must be a Church-
man.—Aildress. with references, to G. FRANCIS, Cockley
Clay Hall. Swaffham. Norfolk.

WANTED, a practical MAN, to Grow Roses,
Cut Flowers and Plants. Must be a successful Culti-
vator of Roses under glass. — State experience and wages ex-
pected, to ALEX. DICKSON and SONS, Royal Nu ■ ■■
townards, neir Belfast.

w

ANTED, at Preston House, Faversham,

" \N in the Garden. Must have had some

I." - md Stove Plants.

■.-Mil.,' MAN, age 18, to be

ii-, and a wish to Learn, with a
si.iii. j .Street, Paddinglon. W.

Premium.— A. I;.. -\t

WANTED, a MAN, accustomed to Fires.
Wages, 18s. per week. — Mr. CLARK, Clarence Gardens,
Roehampton, S.W.

October 29, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

543

GABDENINO APPOINTMENTS.

Mn. HoRACK lltTNTLEY, late of Moor Hall,
Harlow, Essex, has been appointed Head Gar-
dener at Powis Castle.

Mr. John Hope, late Head Gardener to Chas.
MoRLEY, Esq., late of Coopers, Chislehurst,
Kent, has been appointed Head Gardener to Sir
Chas. p. Butt, of Oaklands, Oxshott, Surrey.

Mr. AV. G. Grace has been appointed Gar-
dener to W. H. Alexander, Esq., at Shipton,
Andover, Hampshire.

Mr. CnAs. Deane, formerly Head Gardener
to the late C. P. Stewart, Esq., Silwood Parh,
Ascot, Berks, has been appointed Head Gardener
to the Earl of Essex, Cassiobury Park.

Mr. George Helman, for the last ten and a
half years Gardener to H. Brajtw-ell, Esq.,
Crown East Court, Worcester, has been ap-
pointed Head Gardener to A'iscount Gage, Firle
Park, Sussex.

Mr. J. McDonald has been appointed Gar-
dener to T. F. Kynneesley, Esq., Leighton
Hall, Ironbridge, Salop.

Mr. G. Knight, late Head Gardener to Capt.
Archdale, Uunderdown, Ledbury, has been
engaged as Head Gardener to R. S. Scholfield,
Esq., Sand Hall, Howden, Yorkshire.

Mr. Alfred E. Allen, from Moyn's Park,
Halstead, Essex, as Gardener and Bailiff to Mrs.
Parsons, Burleigh, Goffs Oak, Cheshunt.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL OB DERS.~To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is veri/ important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable to No. 42, DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular offic., and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiatlno it.

N.B. -The best n7id safest means of RemiUmg is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addressed "Paste Restante'* to initials or to fictitious
Tiames are Tiot fonvarded, but are at ofKe returned to the

received without Jiame, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender ca7mot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Rsmitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and a'so a Reference to the Adver-
tL'fement which they icish rtp-'ted.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAJNG AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHN LAING
AND SONS. The A^irseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— Several very supe-
rior MEN on our Books, whom we can recommend with
utmost confidence. Established 1717.— AUSTIN ^nd McAS-
LAN. Nurserymenand Seedsmen, 16, BuchananStreet. Glasgow.

C 0 T C H GARDENERS.

— JoHX DoWNlE (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-
engagementg. He will be pleased to supply full particulars
to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
Bome escellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the best selections for the
different capacities will be made. — Holloway. N.

T> IC H ARD SMITH and cH

-LV beg to amiounce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
tc. — St. John's Nurseries, Worce-ster.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (.John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN, who. in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

ARUENER (Head).— Four years Orchid

Grower ; fifteen years' practical experience in Noble-
men's and Gentlemen's Gardens. Four years' character. — J. P.,
11, High Street, Lewisham, Kent.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen
years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Flowers, and Vegetables; also Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character and test iraonials.— CHARLES ARTHUR
TOLLEY, Mr. Cypher, Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married;
Twenty-six years' practical experience in Vines, Pines,
Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, and all kinds of Stove and Green-
house Plants, Orchids, and the General Management ot a good
Garden. First-class references. — G.LUCAS, Pciismarsh, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 37; twenty-one
years' experience in England and Scotland. Seven years'
character from present situation. Leaving through death of
employer. — J. JOHNSTON, Langley House, Prestwich, Man-

GARDENER (Head); age 29.— Wm. Bates,
Poulett Lodge, Twickenham, would have pleasure in
recommending hia present Foreman, E. Charlton, who has
lived with him three years, to any Lady or Gentleman
requiring a thorough practical and trustworthy man. Four-
teen years' experience in several leading establishments.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three Under
Gardeners are kept.— Age 45 ; at liberty on October 24.
An excellent all-round Gardener, of long practice, would be
glad to meet with a situation. High wages not desired;
moderate wages accepted.— Letters to be addressed to F. M.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

p ARDENER (^EAD) ; age 20. — Sydney

VX Burgess, for the last four years Gardener to G. J,
Mitchell, Esq., Lessness, Abbey wood, Kent, is now open to
engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical
Gardener in all branches. Can be very highly recon
from the above and previous plac'^s. — Address as above.

G GARDENER (Head); age 32, married, no
r family.— W. J. Ireland, Gardener to Lord St. Oswald,
and previously with the Marquis of Headfort, offers his services
to auy Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a firsfrclass Gardener
for an extensive establishment. Leaving present situation at
own request. Testimonials of the highest order. — Nostell
Priory, Wakefield.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— Geo. Smith,
Gardener, The Street, Chorley. Lancashire, will be pleased
to recommend his Foreman (_R- Bateman) to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trustworthy man.
Firs(>class experience in several leading establishments, in-
cluding Worksop Manor. EnviUe Hall, Eastnor Castle, &c.
Land and Stock if required.

ARDENER (Head Working), or ORCHID

GROWER.— Age 30, married ; strongly recommended
as a very efficient man in every branch. Orchids a specialty.
Excellent character. Abstainer. — ORCHID, Gardeners'
Chro)ucle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 27,
married, one child ; thirteen years' experience in all
branches. Excellent references for ability and character. —
GARDENER. Sandridge Park, Melk^ham, Wilts.

ARDENER (Head Working), or in

Nursery. — Married, no family; eighteen years' experi-
ence in England and on the Continent in all branches; also
Seeds. Good references. Speaks English, French, German, and
Italian.— S.. Seabrook & Co., Swanley Junction. Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working), where three
or more are kept. — Age 39. married, two children ;
total abstainer. ! Has had twenty years' practical experience
in every branch of Gardening. Is a thoroughly competent,
reliable', industrious, and trustworthy Gardener. Excellent
references.- W. R., o, Arthur Road, Brixton.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36;
married; abstainer. Twenty years' experience in the
Cultivation of Grapes, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Tomatos,
Mushrooms, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Orchids,
Roses, Chrysanthemums, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Early
and Late Forcing. Highest references.— GARDENER, Crow
Nest Park. Lightcliffe, Halifax.

GARDENER (Head AVorking, or good
StXGLE-HANDED).— Single; experience in both Flower
and Kitchen Gardens. Good character. Total abstainer. Disen-
gaged.—TOMS, Albert Cottage, FarningharnHoad, Tottenham.

GARDENER. — A Gentleman leaving his
Country house, highly recommends his Gardener who
has lived with him seven years. Understands Glass and Flower
and Kitchen Gardens. —.TAMES BULL. Evenley. Brackley.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
him; age 36, married, four children.— A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years* experience
in Houses, Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons. Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
—Age 26 ; Scotch. Abstainer. Flower, Fruit, and
Kitchen Gardening ; Indoors and Out. Highest references. —
T. B.. 2. Hearne Road. Strand. Chiswick, W.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or with help.
— Age 29, married; thoroughly understands his work.
Seven and a half years' good character ; fourteen years' ex-
perience.—H. COTTRELL, Park Farm, Beenham. Reading.
Berks.

GARDENER (Second), in a Market Nursery,
in the Hoases. — Age 23; ten years' experience. Good
character. — G. N., Rose Cottage, Linkfield Road, Isleworth.

GARDENER (Second); age 2-4; nine years'
experience.— Hexry Cross, Gardener, Woodcote Hall,
Newport, Salop, will be pleased to recommend a thoroughly
trustworthy man as above.

GARDENER (Second), in the Houses, or
Inside and Out. — Eight years' experience. Two years'
good character. Highly recommended.— G. L., F. Price, Ewell
Koad, Surbiton, Surrey.

ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN,

in the Houses. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Ex-
cellent character. Abstainer. Disengaged. -A. HAWKES,
Widford, Chelmsford, Essex.

Xj^OREMAN, in good establishment. — Age 27 ;

X twelve years' good practical experience. Orcliids, Fruit,
good Plantsman, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— GRAY, St.
Mary's Road, Reigate.

FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a private
establishment.— Age 26 ; nine years' experience. Can be
well recommended.— S. LARGE, Lullington Hall Gardens,
Burton-on-Trent.

OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; three

years in present situation. Well up iu Vines, Peaches,
Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Forcing, &c. Well
recommended.- T. FLANDERS, The Nods Gardens, Wehvyn,
Herts.

FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN, in the

X Houses.- Age 23 ; understands Stove and Greenhouse
Plants ; also Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. Three
and a half years in present situation. Can be well recommended.
—JOHN HORSLEY, The Gardens, Beechwood, Dritfield, Yorks.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Nine years
experience in all branches of the work. Excellent char-
acter.—A. E. CRANSTON. Normanby Green, Guildford. Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a
good establishment. — .Age 24; ten years' experience.
Highly recommended.— .T. HEARSEY, South Lodge, Pemberton
Road, East Molesey, Surrey.

TOURNEYMAN (First). — Mr. Ivemp,

tJ Edgeley House Gardens. Stockport, will be pleased to re-
commend G. Bott to any Gardener requiring a trustworthy
young man. Leaving through death of employer.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, with Florist
or Private Establishment.— Age 2^ ; good character.—
X. Y., Mrs. Morton, 3. Station Road, Tottenham Hale, Middlesex.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23;
six years' experience in good establishments. Well
recommended.— C. WILKINSON, Belvoir Gardens, Grantham.

TMPROVER, or THIRD JOURNEYMAN,

A Inside. — I can with confidence recommend a young man
(age 20); strong, iwtive, and obliging. Strictly temperate.-
HEAD GARDENER, 'ihe Rookery. Nautwich. Cheshire.

^ro NURSERYMEN and MARKET

X growers.- Situation wanted with a Nurseryman or
Market Grower by an experienced and euergeiic man. Would
Invest Small Capital if required with a view to Partnership, or
would Manage a Private Place where the produce is grown for
market.— X. A., 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

0 NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young

man (age 24). situation in Provincial or Market Nursery.
Had eleven years' experience in the Houses. Good Propagator
and Grower of Plants for Market. Eighteen months' character.
— W. WILLIAMS, Staines Road, Ashtord, Middlesex.

''PO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young

JL Man (age 30), a place of trust under a Foreman in a good
Nursery. Nine years in one of the best nurseries in the king-
dom, and five years in good private establishments. Good
character.— W. KING, Foxley. Hereford.

''TO NURSERYMEN and MARKET

X GROWERS. — Wanted a, situation for a young man
(age 21J. Quick at Potting, Tying, and General Nursery
Work,— D. AJtCHARD, Riivencliffe, Douglas, Isle of Man.

''FO GARDENERS.— AVanted, to place a youth

X (age about 17) under a good practical Gardener. Been in
a Garden before. Asmall Premium not objected to be given.
— H. ASHTON, Wraysbury. near Staines, Bucks.

^HOPMAN. — Age 22 ; nine years' experience

O I u all branches of the trade. First-class references.— A. B.,
4, Pound Villas, Pound Road, Eanstead, Surrey.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 26 ; ten years
experience m Seed and Bulb Trade. Accustomed to
brisk Counter Trade.— JOHN F. FOWLER, The Gardens,
Harewood House, Leeds.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 24; nine years'
experience in all branches of the Trade. First-clasa
references. — A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

PLUMBER, GAS-FITTER, and ZINC-
WORKER.— Situation wanted on Gentleman's Estate,
r otherwise. Willing tolill up time. Age 26 ; good references.
-G. CLIFTON, ], B.n-.T.brouk Road, TuTnell Park, London, N.

HULLO WAY'S 1*1LLS. — Nervous Irrita-
bility.— No part of the human machine requires more
constant supervision than the nervous system — for upon it our
health — and even life — depends. These Pills strengthen the
nerves, and are the safest general purifiers of the blood.
Nausea, headache, giddiness, numbness, and mental apathy
yield to them. They dispatch in a summary manner those
distressing dyspeptic symptoms, stomachic pains, fulness at the
pit of the stomach, abdominal distension, and regulate alike
capricious appetites and confined bowels — the commonly accom-
panying signs of defective or diminished nerve toile. Hollo-
way's Pills are particularly recommended to persons of studious
and sedentary habits, who gradually fall into a nervous and irrit-
able state, unless some such restorative be occasionally taken.

544

THE OAHDENERS' CBRONICLE.

[October 29, 1887.

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, caU Special Attention to their

PATENT WROUGHT-IRON MUNICIPAL OR ANGULAR CHAMBERED AND TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

f|iM|«| |- nnil rnO With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS, any of which are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouseg, Conservatories. Churches, Chapels,
OAUULt bUILtnO) Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance HalH. Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheape-nt, most effective, and durable of any extant.

The MUNICIPAL and TUBULAR ones are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the /ire will bum without requiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE a SILVER MEDAL, at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington. London. June 1, 1881.

FB^NT ELr^/AT

ON—"

LoNCiTLIDlNAL SCCTIJN

SECTIONAL PLAN

The loDgitudi

lal lecti

n gives

a view ot the ftrc-boi, water sijair. tlues, &c. The trois -e, tion gues a view of the fire-boi.
The front elevation sliowa it set in bricktiork, uhith is ?tcceihari/ fir this class of boiler.

water space and V-shaped back.

SIZES AND PRICES.

MBl

3 ft

Sin

long by 2 ft. 0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep . . 1000 ft

Price £15 0 0

MB2

4

0

„ by2 0 ,, by2 0 ,, / calculated to 1280

„ 21 0 0

MBS

5

0

,, by2 3 ,, by2 6 „ V heat 4.in. piping -^2200

„ 32 0 0

m:b4

6

6

,, by3 0 ,, byS 0 ,, I asfoUows:- / 4000

„ 60 0 0

HB 5

8

6

„ by4 0 „ byS 9 „ ' WoOO

„ 85 O 0

Messrs. THOS. GREEN and SON. Ltd.. NORTH STREET. LEEDS.

Gentlemkn, — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficien
The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about

TESTIMONIALS.

Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buildings, Leeds. January 9, 1886.

ency and satisfactory working of the Hot^water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.

,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from 1^ in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The several
offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately ."and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather.

Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4. work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consiimp-
tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am, Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer.

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, Novembei- lOth, 1886.
Gentlemen,— The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5,000 feet of 4-inch, pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that
it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.

THOS. GREEN and SON, Ltd.. LEEDS. Yours faithfully, (Signed)

AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER. REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REQ,TJIRED.

W. BASHFORD.

CONTRACTORS TO HER IttAJESTY'S "WAR DEPARTMENT.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(Telegraphic Address — " Hot Water," London; Telephone, No. 4763), have the Largest and Most Complete Stock in the Trade.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

■WITH WATERWAY END,
and every other Boiler of known merit, kept in Stock.

THE NEW

HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER.

This Boiler is made in several sizes from 6 feet 6 in.
long, and is fitted with Water Bars, as shown in the
illustration. The Furnace Door being hung upon the
front of Boiler is complete in itself, thus ensuring the
acme of simplicity in fixing.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, Price Is.
Price LIST on application, free.

HOT-WATER PIPES, CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

HOT-WATEB. and HOT-AIB APPARATUS Erected Complete, or the Materials supplied.

Bditorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the OfBce, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
PTint«d by Wn.t.i . i* RioHABDS, at the Offloe ot Messrs. Bhujbubt, Aqitew & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by til*
d WiLUAM BlomABM. at the OSoe, 41, WalUuctou Street. Pariah of St. FanlV Oaveat aarden, i^ the said Ootuty.— SatckdaX, October 39, ISttJ. Agent for Mancheatei— Joan HsrWOOD.

Established

No. 45.-V0L. 11. {l^Z}

SATURDAY, NOVEMBEE 5, 1887.

I a Newspaper. /PRICE 3d«

I. POSI^FREE, Sfd.

CONTENTS.

Angrfficum colligerum ...

Ant trap3

Apple Manchester Beauty
Boeoninghausenia albi-

Begonias, hybrid

., tuberous ... 555,
Books :—
Fresh Woods and Pas-
tures New

Records of the Royal
Botanic Gardens,

Kew

Carnations...

Cascade du Lac des Mi-

Catasetum TruUa subim-

Cattleya Zenobia

Chrysanthemums at

Veitch's

Cultural memoranda ...
Cypripedium delicatu-

,, pleistochlorum X ...
Delphinium a new yellow
Drought, autumn

Enville HaU

Eryngium maritimum ...

Eucharis mite

Ferns, our native

Flora Exotica

Floral Court dresses
Flower garden, the

Forestry

Fruit register
Fruits under glass
Gardening appointments
Gardening, history of ...
Gooseberry, Whinman's

Industry

Hackwood. vegetables at
Hardy fruit garden, the

Kitchen garden

Koelreuteria paniculata .

Milton Vineries

National Auricula Society
National Chrysanthemum

Society

Nurserymen and the Poor

Rate

Orchidroots, young plants

Owen's Nurseries, Maid-
enhead

Plant notes

Plants and their culture
Potato crop, extraordi-

for

Rushes, new m
Scotland ...
Sunflower culture
Trees and shrubs...
Tridai bicolor var.
Tuberose, the

aAndersoni

Foreign correspondei

564 Weather, the

Illustrations.

insect hatched from
Cascade du Lac des Minimes ...

Koelreuteria paniculata

Tridai bicolor var. rosea

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.—All Numbers
of the " Gardeners' Chronicle" from January 1
of this year are still to be had.
INGSTONandSURBITON

CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The ELEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held in
the Drill Hall, Kingston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November 8 and 9, when, in addition to valuable Money Prizes,
the Champion Challenge Vase, value 25 Guineas, will be
offered. Entries Close November 3. Schedules and further

P^^*ir'^^i"^°^r- . -ru T. JACKSON, Hon. Sec.
Fife Road. Kingston-on-Thames. |

B

RIGHTON and HOVE

CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.

FIFTH ANNUAl SHOW,

The Dome, Royal Pavilion,

TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY', November 8 and 9.

Schedules on application to

MARK LONGHURST, Secretary.
18, Church Road, Hove, Sussex.

WESTO N-SUPER-MARE
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The THIRD ANNUAL EXHIBmON of FLOWERS, •FRUIT,
and VEGETABLES, will be held in the Victoria Hall, Weston-
super-Mare, on WEDNESDAY, November 9. Entries Close
November 5.
Weston-super-Mare.

N

ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY.

ROYAL AQUARIUM, WESTMINSTER.

(iRAND EXHIBITION— CHRYSANTHEMUMS. FHUTT.and

VEGETABLES— WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November

9 mid 10.

The Floral Committee will meet November 9, 23, and
December 7. See Schedule, free on application to

Mr. WILLIAM HOLMES,
Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, E.

QUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

k3 containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus. Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and post-free to
intending purchasers.

SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of GARDEN SEEDS, will be pleased to send Special
Offers of same on application.

Seed Warehouse. Sleaford.

M

AIDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per dozen

bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames.

ARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good

colour, showing flower-bud, and absolutely clean, in
5 and 6-inch pots, 21s. to 305. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH iND CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

GEORGE LEE has about 3000 Count Brazza
Double White VIOLET to dispose of, good plants, at
16s. and 20s. per 100.

Clevedon, October 22.

''O THE TRADE.— A few Tons of good,

sound ACORNS, at 80s. per ton.
THOS. BEAUCHAMP, Woodfalls, Downton, Wilts.

POR SALE, CHEAP, AZALEAS, large and
small, well set with bud; CAMELLIAS do.; FERNS,

GERMAN LILIES OF THE VALLEY.—
The very best for forcing. Special quotations for large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. DAMMANN, Jr., Breslau, Germany.

DWARF ROSES, extra strong plants, best
kinds, 30s. per 100. Pyramid DAMSONS and PLUMS,
fine, 40s. per 100. Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, many in bud,
40j. per 100.— W. JACKSON. Blakedown, Kidderminster.

O R S A L E~,

20,000 OAKS, 6 to 12 feet.
1,200 CHESTNUTS, 10 to 12 feet.
100 SYCAMORE, 14 to 18 feet.
60 LIMES, 12 to 14 feet.
Apply to THOS. HEDLEY, Putteridge Park, Luton, Beds.

HRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best

and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready, Is. 6d. per dozen, 10s. per 100 ; plants in January,
2s. 6rf. per dozen. Ifis. per 100. W. E.'s selection cheaper.
Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mons. Delaux's grand set
of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, 2 stamps.

WM. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swan&-
combe, Kent.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

NUR8ERY.MEN, Sidcup. and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address— "COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

USCATS— MUSCATS— Gros Colmar, Gros

Maroc, Alicantes, &c. ; also Marie Louise PEARS.
Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and well
packed Fruit of the above.

WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C.

Chrysajitlxemums— Chrysanthemums.

WANTED, above, in quantity ; also
EUCHARIS, ORCHIDS, and every description of
choice CUT BLOOM. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash.
Empties free.— WISE and RIDES. Covent Garden. W.C.

ANTED, a LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE,

with Heating Pipes and Coal Stove complete — New
or Second-hand.

Address, with full particulars of size and price, to HARRIS,
63, Coleman Street, E.C.

L ILIUM AURATUM.
The Finest Imported Bulbs.
Selected Bulbs of this charming hardy LILY are obtainable
at the following low prices, direct from the Importers, plump
and sound as English-grown Roots: —

Price 5s., 8s., 10s., 15s., 20s., and 25s. per dozen. Carriage Free.
The finest samples that have reached England this season.

Trade price per case of 50 and 100 on application.
CARTERS', Seedsmen by Koyal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.K.H. the Prince of Wales, 237 and 238, Higli Holborn,
London, W.C.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

JL-J bulbs. 4s., 6s., 9s., 12s., 18s.. and 24s. per dozen ; extra
strong, 3os. aud 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices,

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 636, King's Road, Chelsea. London. S.W.

A R R • S SELECTED BULBS

have gained many Medals and Prizes 1 Prices moderate 1
Quality unsurpassed 1 Full descriptive Catalogue free on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BARK AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 6 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegana,
Chameerops escelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair,
GARDENER. Holly Loilge. Stamford Hill, London, N.

To those about to Plant Roses. &c.

EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old varieties.

UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,

Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCILLE (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

ARDY ALPINE and HERBACEOUS

PLANTS.— Send tor a CATALOGUE.
T. SMITH, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry.

H

CHRISTMAS ROSES
(HELLEBORUS NIGER).
Enormous clumps, full of flower-buds. Splendid healthy
foliage, 13 inches in height, in two sizes, just ready for
forcing, if required. Send for samples and prices. Also
Imported Crowns, just coming to hand, very cheap.

Grandest Violet ever Offered.

MR. J. CHAMBERS, Westlake Nurseries,
Isleworth, London, W., is now sending out his New
Double VIOLET " VICTORIA." Strong Plants, full of flower-
buds, at Is. tW. each, or 18s. per dozen, free by post. All orders
to be accompanied with remittance. Trade price on application.
Firs t-class Certificate RoyalHorticultural Society, April 12, 1887.

OSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! 1 !— The best

and cheapest in the world ; 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s.,
purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. Catalogues free on
application. Ten acres of Roses ; 100,000 grand plants to select
from. Plant now.— JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter.

RUIT TREES.— Our well-ripened and healthy

Trees of the best sorts of APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and
CHERRIES. Standards, Pyramids, trained APRICOTS,
NECTARINES, and PEACHES are exceptionally fine, as also
our large stock Standard and Dwarf ROSES. LISTS gratis.
JOHN LAINQ AND SONS, Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

The New Raspberry.

LORD B E A C O N S F I E L D.
(A Seedling.)
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First-
class Certificate, Koyal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canes, £3 per 100 ; ^s. per dozen. Smaller Canes, 6s.
per dozen.

Trade supplied. Cash with order.

A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen, Hungerford.

TO ORCHID GROWERS.— A fresh cutting

-L of pure ORCHID PEAT now on Sale.— Apply for sample
and price to THE PEAT ASSOCIATION (Thomas Park, Agent),
68, Hartlield Road, Wimbledon, S.W.

546

THE GAB BE NEBS' CHEONIGLE.

[NOVEMBEK Tl, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

M

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS. — GREAT UNRE.SERVED SALES.

ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will

SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Room?,
67 and 6», Cheapside, London, E.G., every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely,
eitensive Consignmenta of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in eicellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and private buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Penge, S.E.
Two days' unreserved S.VLE of unusually well-grown and

thriving NURSERY STOCK, by order of Mr. E. B. Haynea.

Important to Gentlemen, Builders, and others engaged in

Planting during the present season.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and 5IORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Penge
Nurseries, Penge, S.E., close to the Penge Railway Stations,
on MONDAY and TUESDAY, November 7 and 8, at 12 o'clock
precisely each day, without the least reserve, a large portion
of the valuable and well-grown NURSERY STOCK, which has
been carefully prepared for removal, consisting of 5000 oval-
leaved Privet, 2 to 3 feet ; 1000 Laurels, 5000 Poplars, of sorts,
very fine trees ; 1000 Laburnums, 6 to 10 feet ; 2000 Chestnuts,
large quantities of Conifers and Evergreens, in variety ; 1000
Fruit Trees, 150O Aucubas, Deciduous Shrubs and other out-
door Stock, together with 100 CAJIELLIAS and AZALEAS.

May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C,,and Leytonstone.

Notice.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire
to announce that, in consequence of the Lord Mayor's
Show, their usual WEEKLY SALE of LILIES, ROSES, &c.,
will take place on TUESDAY NEXT, November 8 (instead of
Wednesday). See following advertisement.

Tuesday Next.

Instead of the usual SALE on WEDNESDAY, in consequence

of the Lord Mayor's Show,

HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE.

60OO LILIUM AURATU.M, from Japan, in splendid condition,

just received.

60,000 German Crowns LILY of the 'VALLEY, in lots of

1000 each.

20.000 Double African TUBEROSES.

10,000 NARCISSUS of sorts.

1,000 English grown LILIES.

600 Standard and Dwarf ROSES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Ceutnl
Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, EC, on TUESDAY
NEXT, November 8, at half-p;ist 12 o'clock precisely. The
Auctioneers desire to call particular attention to this Im-
portant SALE. The LILIES and NARCISSUS will be found
to comprise almost every variety of importance, all true to
name, very tine BULBS, from one of the largest gro\\ers iu
the country, affording intending purchasers an opportunity of
forming a collection of their favourite Bulbs seldom to be met
with at an Auction Sale.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Twickenham.

By order of the Executors, the lease having been disposed of.

IMPORTANT TWO DAYS' CLEARANCE SALE of remark-
ably well-grown general NURSERY STOCK, including
Evergreens and Conifera; which have attained a saleable
size, and are so much in request at the present time.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are iDStrucied by the Ex.-ciitors nf ih,- hitp .Mr. Robert
I*iog. to SELL by AUCTION, on tii- I '.— .,■--, fii- Vnr-ory,
TwicKeuhitm, close to the Ra.ihv;iv -: > i n i ^ i -||\^ aiui
WEDNESDAY, November 8 ami ;i, ; i ; ■ i. U

day, without reserve, the wliuli- >: ^ I i i;V

STOCK, carefully grown and in th. i. - ; [i ■ : -nl.ii..ii
for transplanting, including 6U00 Aucnbas 1 tu 4 ffet i3 iiKlies
—the best in the Trade; 4000 fine Laurela, 1 to 7 feet ; liOiiO
Handaworth Box, 1 to 7 feet; .5000 Euonymus of .sorts. M.1O
Hollies, 1 to 8 feet ; 8000 oval leavpd Privet, 1000 Laurestinug.
1500 Lilacs, 1 to 5 feet; Ornamental and Forest Trees, lOOO
Poplars of sorta, 3000 Dwarf' Roses on the Manetii, "naitied Her-
baceom Phmta, 3000 Hardy Climbers, 1500 Ivies, 5000 strong
Seakale. th^'entire StOL-k of Stove and Greenhouse Planta,
Azaleas, Camellias, &c. BAY HORSE, Pony Tumbril CART,
two light spring CARTS, 4-wheeI CHAISE, Utensils m Trade,
add numerous other effects.

■ May nowise viewed. Catilogijes obtained on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and ^'uluers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, £.C., and Leytonatone.

Leytonstone.

TWO DAYS' UNRESERVED SALE of VALUABLE NURSERY
STOCK, comprisinp! beautifullv selected EVERGREENS,
AMERICAN PLANTS, ROSES. &c'.

MESSRS. PROTIlERrjE and MORRIS are
instructed toSEl.I. \ 1 i I d .n cri the Premises, The
American and Fillebronk ". 1 imistone, adjoining the

KliUway Station, on Tiii 1 m \ , 1 i;[DAY, November 10

and 11, at 12 o'clock pn-.,-, ;, . , uitliuut reserve, 4000

Couifceree and Evergreens, of v:in. ; ,1 n. lully prepared

for removal, embracing many \f i> ■ i. ;■ . ;i-., the whole
BUita^lefpr immediate effective 111 I ' 1 , ^mdard Orna-

taental Tree?, including splendil I in :<ini i,i[i|:irs,6 to 15
feet; yoOO clean grown Apples, I'ein-*. I tMuiu-., .Nectarines, and
other Fruit Trees; 2000 American Plants. compri:*ing hybrid
and other Rhododendrons, Andromedaa, &c.; 4000 unusually
fine.Btandard and dwarf Roses of the beat varieties, and an as-
sortipent of winter flowering Greenhouse Plants.

May now be viewe^. Catalogues are ready, and may be
obtained on the premi;?es, or of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
Of and 38, Cheapside, London, E.C., and Leytonstone.

Friday Next.

ESTABLISHED AND IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr, F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London,
E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, November 11, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a splendid lot of choice ESTABLISHED and IM-
PORTED ORCHIDS, the whole in line health and condition,
comprising, amongst many others, the following rare and
desirable species: — Dendrobium hercoglossum, La;lia elegans,
Dendrochilum Cobbianum, Mormodes MedusiE, Galeandra niva-
lis, Oncidium nigratum, Cypripedium Godefroyae. Lycaste Bar-
ringtonioe, C. lo grandis, Oncidiumincurvum, Cypripedium con-
chiterum.Masdevallia ludibunda, Odontoglosaum Kramerii, So-
bralia macrantha, Cattleya lobata, Odontoglossum mirandum,
O. coronium, Paphiuia Sanderiana, Odontoglossum (Erstetlii
majus, LHelia albida, with spikes; Tr ichocentrum albo pur-
pureum, Angrsecum Leonii, Cattleya Mossiee matutina, On-
cidium cheirophorum, with spikes; Cattleya Dowiaua, and
Otlier fine Orchids,

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Highbury. N.

Unreserved CLEARANCE SALE, the Land being required
immediately for Building Purposes.

ESSRS. PKUTHEKUE and MORRIS are

M^

instructed by E. R. Morris, Esq., to SELL by AUC-
TION on the Premises, the Manor House, Leigh Road, High-
bury, a few minutes' walk from Highbury Station, ou TUES-
DAY. November 15, at 12 o'Clock precisely, without re.serve.
Greenhouse Plants in variety, the erections of four Greenhouses
and heating apparatus, 16-light Pit, seventeen, 1 and 2 light
Boxes, numerous Garden Vases, 3 Summer Houses, 2 large Iron
Tanks, 1200 Edging Tile3, Garden Seats, and other effects.

On view the day prior to Sale. Catalogues had on the Pre-
mises, or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C., and Leytonstone.

Brixton, S.W.

SALE of WELI^GROVVN NURSERY STOCK,
All recently transplanted.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Ponsford & Son to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Loughborough Park,
Briiton, S.W., on WEDNESDAY', November 16, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, a great variety of EVERGREEN and FLOWER-
INQ SHRUBS, AUCUBAS, PRIVET, LAURELS, ORNA-
JIENTAL and FOREST TREES and other General NURSERY
STOCK— all well grown and in capital condition for removal,
together with a choice assortment of STO^TE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS.

Slay now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of
the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., and
Leytonstone.

Friday, November 18.

Important and attractive SALE of a very extensive Collection
of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, by order of Messrs. Seeger
& Tropp, of Rosedale, Lordship Lane, East Dulwich.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C.,
on FRIDAY. November 18. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a
very extensive collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
amongst them : —

Cattleya labiata, three large specimens of the old and true
variety, the Uirgest having twenty-three fine bulbs.

Cattleya labiata Pescatorei. a fine healthy plant ; the largest
specimen of MaxiUaria Sanderiana, Odontoglossum elegans
superbissima (F. C. C), Trichopilia Hartwegii, Coclogyne
Meyeriana, Phaius maculatus, large specimen ; and many other
rare ;ind distinct Orchids.

Fuller particulars will appear next week.

Bulbs— Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms, 38, KingStreet. CoventGarden, W.C.,
every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and S.4.TURDAY. Firstclaaa
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Bagsbot, Surrey.

IMPORTANT SALE of THOUSANDS of FKUIT TREES,
HOLLIES. LAURELS, CO.VIFERS, RHODODENDRONS,
AZALEAS, and a general assortment of HARDY SHRUBS,
and TREES.

]\TR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-

1»JL tions from Mr. Charles Noble, to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, as above, situated half a mile froni Sunniiigdaie
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

November 7, 8, and 9 ;
MONDAY, TUESDAY', and WEDN'ESDA'V,

November 21, 22, and 23 ;

MON'DAY', TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

December 5, 6, and 7 ;

at half-past 12 o'clock precisely eacli day.

May be viewed, and Catalogues had on the Premises, and of

Mr. J. C. STEVENS, Auction Booms and Offices, 38, King

Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Tuesday Next.— (Sale No. 7S36.) '

6000 GRAN'D BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM. just received
from Japan is the finest possible condition.

MR. J. C. STEVENS irill include the above in
his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. S8,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT,
November 8, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.— (Sale No. 7536.)
200 fine Clumps of CYPUIPEDIUM SPECTABILE. 500
LILIUM PABDALINUM, 1500 LILIUM TIGKINUM,
fl-.pl.; ,500 FRITILLARIA MELEAGRIS. lOOO HYACIN-
THUS A.METHYSTINUS, 800 SPIR.EA .lAPONICA and
SPIR.EA PALMATA, anil several hundred lotsof first-class
DUTCH BULBS, lotted to suit all buyers.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above
by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, November 8, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sala, and Catalogues had.

■Wednesday and Saturday Next.— (Sales Nos. 7537 and 40.)

STANDARD and DWARF ROSES from well-known English
growers; FRUIT TREES to name; ORNAMENTAL and
FLOWERING SHRUBS, BORDER PLA.STS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALES by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY and
SATURD.AY N-EXT, November 9 and 12, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely each day.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids in Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS IN FLOWER
will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, November 16, and he will
be glad if gentlemen, desirous of entering Plants for this SALE,
will send particulars not later than Thursday next.

Tree and other Ferns, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from the Agents-General of the New Zealand and
Victorian Governments to SELL by AUCTION, at the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, about the MIDDLE
of N OVEMBER, the remaining FERNS and other PLANTS from
the Colonial Exhibition, comprising DICKSONIAS, CYA-
THEAS. ALSOPHLLAS, TODEAS, TPJCHOMANES. HYME-
NOPHYLLUMS,ASPLENIUMS,CY'CADS, and other PL.ANTS.

Further particulars in next advertisement.
Auction Rooms and Offices. 38, King Street, Covent Oarden,W.C.

■West Drayton, Middlesex.

I-MPORTANT SALE of line healthy NURSERY STOCK.

MR. E. P. NEWMAN has been instructed by
Mr. Jonathan Smith, to SELL by AUCTION, in the
Drayton Fields, WestDraytonStation(G.W.R.), on TITESDAY,
November 8. at 10 for 11 o'Clock, about U6.000 APPLE, PEAR,
PLUM, GOOSEBERRY, CHERRY, and Red and Black CUK-
BANT TREES, of 3 and 4-yr. old growth— grand trees, suitedfor
new plantations or mending ; all very healthy, many suitable
for Orchards, and the various sorts may be relied upon as pro-
ducing the highest priced fruit sent to Market.

Catalogues can be obtained of the Auctioneer and Market
Garden Valuer. 42, High Street, Uxbridgc, and Hillingdon,
Middlesex.

Important to Estate Agents, Fruit Growers,

AND OTHERS.

MESSRS. ROGERS and ROGERS have been
instructed by Mr. T. L. Mayos, to SELL by AUCTION,
Without Reserve, at Highfield Nurseries. Hereford, on TUES-
DAY, November 8, the remainder and larger part of his large
and excellent stock of extra strong Standard APPLES,
PEAKS, and PLUMS, &c. ; also a fine Collection of well-
grown CONIFERS and other ORNAMENTAL TREES and
SHRUBS ; have been repeatedly moved, and are in fine
condition.

Catalogues free from Auctioneers or Proprietor.

TO BE SOLD, as a going concern, a small
FREEHOLD NURSERY, with a 6-roomed House, and
also between 5000 and 6000 feet of Glass, situate in a good
Market Town.

For full particulars, apply to M. S.. Gardeners' Ckroiiicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

Kugby.

FOR SALE, HOUSE, FARM BUILDINGS,
and 19 Acres of rich LAND; suitable for a good Gardener.
Price ^1800. Apply to A. ABEL, Harrogate.

X'OC will BUY Lease, Stock, &c., of Small

<^—C» NURSERY. Good neighbourhood, ■ 6 miles from
. Carlisle Road, Leyton.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed
BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti-
culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G.

ORCHIDS.

Ah immense Slock.
Thousands Showing for Bloom.

NEW CATALOGUE

OF

ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

Fri'e on appUcatioyi to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,
GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.
AIDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per dozen bunches.

Any quantity. P.O. preferred.
ALEX/INDER QOUEKE, BosherviUe Nursery, BarkbyEoad,
near Leicester.

NOVEMBEE 5, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

547

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SXTBSCBIPTIONS

WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BV

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London, W.

Fruit Growers.

IMPORTANT.

AN IMMENSE STOCK OF

HARDY FRUIT TREES

in every form and variety.

PRONOUNCED BY COMPETENT JUDGES—

"TEE Best In tlie Kingdom."

(SeeKeporUCliiswiok Conference, &c.)

Prices most moderate. Catalogues on applicatiun.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
CHESTER.

Specialties, 1887-8.
PKELIMINAEY LIST.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
have the following Choice and Improved Stocks of PEAS
to send out this season : —
NEW PEA, SHARPE'S "VICTORY," 3s. 6i. per packet.
„ SHARPE'S " EMPRESS," 2s. id. per packet.
„ SHARPE'S " QUEEN," :js. per pint. Is. id. per half-pint.
SHARPE'S "TRIUP.MPH " PEA, 2s, perpint. Is. per half-pint.
SHARPE'S "SIRE. A. MILBANK," 2s. perpint. Is, half-pint.
SHARPE'S " PARAGON," 'is. &d. per quart. Is. 3rf, per pint.
NEW POTATO, SHARPE'S " STiUJDARD," Is, per pound,

lOs, per stone.
SH.-VRPE'S "VICTOR" POTATO, 6i. per pound.
SHARPE'S "DUKE OF ALBANY," 2s. id. per stone.
SHARPE'S " MONARCH " BROCCOLI, 2s. 6d. per packet.
NEW TOMATO, SHARPE'S " ECLIPSE." Is. per packet.
SHARPE'S "POMEGRANATE" TOMATO, 1,!. per packet.
SHARPE'S " EXTRA EARLY SNOWBALL ■• CAULIFLOWER,
Is. per packet,
ForTrade Prices of the above Novelties see Charles Sharpe
& Co.'s LIST of SPECIALTIES forwarded, post>lree on appli-

CH.iKLES SHARPE and CO,, Seed Merchants, Sleaford.

DAFFODILS— DAFFODILS— DAFFODILS.
Sales limited to the month of November.
" When icicles hang by the wall.
And Dick the shepherd blows his nail,
And Tom bears logs into the hall.
And milk comes frozen home in pail,"
Its time POOR bulbs were in the soil.
Those left in shops will only spoil.
Parties wanting Mr. BAYLOR HARTLAND'S DAFFODILS
have only to write for " ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK," which

DAFF'ODIL SALES are CLOSED the END of NOVEMBER.

His best thanks are again given to the many numerous

Scotch and English Patrons that have so far sent him their

■p HODODENDRONS, Hybrid, 18 inches to 2

XV feet, JEo to £6 per 100 ; PONTICUM. 18 inches to 2 feet,

£2 to £2 10s. per 100.
AZALEA PONTICUM, 12 to 18 inches, £2 to £2 10s. per 100.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 3 to 4 feet, £2 to £2 10s. per 100 ;

2J to 3 feet, £1 15s. per 100.
COTONEASTER SYMONDSn, 4 feet, £1 Is. per 100.
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, £5 per 1000.
HOLLY, Green, 12 to 18 inches, £o per 1000.
LAURELS. Colchicum. £1 Is. per 100.
PINUS AUSTRIACA, 2J to 3 feet, £1 hs. to £1 10s. per 100.
RICHARD MASON, Windlesham Nursery, Bagshot, Surrey.

To the Trade.

to 3

900 C\C\(\ English OAKS, strong, 1
.^ VV^ V V V feet, samples, 5,s. per 1000,

20,000 APPLE STOCKS. I to 2 feet, samples, 5s. per 1000.

For cash with Order, to

THOS. BEAUCHAMP, Woodfalls, Downton. near Salisbury.

90 000 GOOSEBERRIES. — Crown Bob,
Ad\jcf\J\J\J 3-yr, and 4-yr, stuff, good heads and well
rooted, and nicely on the stem, 110s. per 1000. Special quota-
tions for larger quantities.

WEBB AKD BRAND Gate Chater), Nr
Sattron Walden.

BULBS.

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
'WOBCESTEB.

AUTUMN PLANTING.

THE past dry spring and summer encourages
Autumn Planting, and we invite inspection of our im-
mense stock of Htirdy FOREST TREES for Profit. Ornament,
Slielter and Game, at moderate prices. Particulars on ap-
plication.

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Wood Foresters for Crown Lands, Nurserymen .and Seedsmen to
H,M, the Queen and H,R.H, the Prince of Wales,

CARLISLE.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, in SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties, including
Descriptive "List of New. Rare, and Choice Ferns,'*
and "Hardy Nobth American Ferns." free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NTJRSEEY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
GENtriNE — EELIABLE.

JARMAN'S BULBS.

Collection No. 3, 1000 Choice Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, 2I5. delivered free.
Large Illustrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(REfilSTKRED),

CHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

pUTBUSH'S MILL-

\J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, Qs. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, withoursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited). Nurserymen and Seed
Merchimta. Hijjhjjate Nurseries, N.

LANTiNO Season

UNEQUALLED FOR
QXJAI-ITY"

"VARIETY"
* "EXTENT."

PRICED CATALOGUES <Ss ALL
PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION.

'James Dickson & Sons"

"NEWTON" Nurseries,

diestex*.

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

Mb W Crawley, %J Sussex.

WATFORD CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCEETy.
President— The Rieht Hon. the EABI, OF Clarendon.
The SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS and other AUTUJINAL FLOWERS nnd FRUITS will
be held in the Agrieultural Hall, Watford, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY. November l.'i and 16. Entries Close on Thurs-
day, November 10. For Schedules and Entry Forms, apply to

BIRMINGHAM GREAT SHOW
of CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUITS. &e„ in the Town
Hall, open to all England. WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
November 16 and 17. ONE HUNDRED and EIGHTY-TWO
POUNDS in PRIZES, including £52 for Cut Blooms, and £28
for Grapes, All other Prizes in proportion. Entries Close
November 9. Schedules free on application to

J. HUGHES, Secretary.
North wood Villas, Medchley Lane, Harborue, Birmingham,

iTe PEOPLE'S PALACE,

Mile End Road, E.
CHKY'SANTHEMUM SHOW, November 16 to 19.
For Prize Schedules, apply to ERNEST FLOWKK, Esq,,
People's Palace, Mile End Road, E,

N.B. Name the Number of Class for Entry if possible not
later than November 12.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW, YORK,
1887. Held in the FINE ART EXHIBITION BUILDING,
on NOVEMBER 16, 17, and 18, 1887,
Liberal Prizes for PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUITS, and
VEGETABLES, Schedules, &c., to be obtained of
.1. LAZENBY, Spurriergate, Y'ork.

COLCHESTER and EAST ESSEX HORTI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY will hold their AUTUMN SHOW
of CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FLOWERS, and FRUIT,- on
THURSDAY, November 17. in the new Corn Exchange, Col-
chester, EntriesCloseSaturday,Novemberl2. Schedules, &c„ of

5. Head Street. Colchester. ^- ^- Q^^^I-TER. Secretary.

HULL and EAST RIDING
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.

The ANNUAL GRAND EXHIBITION will be held in the
Artillery Barracks, Hull, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY,
Nov. 17 and 18, when Prizes to the value of TWO HUNDRED
POUNDS will be offered for CHRYSANTHEMUMS alone.

Class 1. — 48 Blooms. 24 to be incurved in not less than 18
varieties, 24 to be Japanese ia not less than 18 varieties.
Ist Prize. £15; 2nd. £10; 3rd. £5 : 4th. £2.

Other Valuable Prizes. The SILVER CHALLENGE VASE.
value 15 Guineas, will be offered with the 1st prize in Class 1.
Entries Close November 10. Schedules may be obtained from

,, c,» * XT 11 EDW. HARLAND, Hon. Sec.

Manop- Street, Hull.

Natal, South Africa.

BULBS, TUBERS, ROOTS.— A Wholesale
CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ADLAM. Marit/.burg. Natal.

THE IRREPRESSIBLE BRAMBLE,

X WILSON, JUNR.— We have a fine stock at Glenfield. of
home-grown Plants, at 6s. per dozen, cash with order, carriage
and packing free. The indications are that all will be wanted,
and more ; these are certain to grow and do well. If we are
compelled to import, we shall quote at Buyer's risk. RASP-
BERRIES a specialty.

CATALOGUE of Choice Novelties in these and other fruits
gratis and post-free.

VICCARS COLLYER and CO., Central Hall, Leicester.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EV E K Ct R E E N HEDGES.

The three best Shrubs for forming Hedges :—
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet. 6s. per dozen, 30s. per 100.
YEWS, English, 2 to 2^ feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100; 2$ to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per
dozen. 130s. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, \\ to 2 feet, 5s. per dozen. 30s. per 100; 2 to
2A feet, 8s. per dozen, 603. per 100; 2J to 3 feet, 12s. per
dozen, 75s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS and SON, Billing Koad Nureeriei,
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address— "QUICK," NORTHAMPTON.

PALM S. — A few hundreds^ well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegant, Latania borbonica, Phoenix reclinatii,
12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegana, Phoenix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high, Is. 6rf. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Phcenix reclinata,
Enterpe edulis, and Areca Intescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s.
per pair.

GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill. London, N.

Telegrams- "Tucker, Nurseries, Farlngdon."

EVERGREEN COVERT for GAME.—
Laurels, extra transplanted and very bushy. 2 to 3 feet,
15s. per 100. £6 per 1000 ; Berberis aquifolia, Ij to 2 feet, 10s.
per 100. £4 per 1000 ; Tree Box, Handsworth Giant. 2 to 3 feet,
30s. per 100; Laurustinus, 1| to2feet, 50s. per 100 ; Euonymus,
large green variety, 2 feet, 50s. per 100 ; English Yews. 3 to 4
feet, 12s. per dozen. The whole of the above are very bushy,
have splendid roots, and cannot be surpassed. Also in large
quantities :— Ash and Hazel, extra strong, 4 to 6 feet, 50s. per
1000 ; Larch and Spruce Firs, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet ; Ever-

f-een Privet, 2 to 3 feet, 30s. per 1000. A Catalogue of General
ursery Stock post-free.

B. TUCKER, The Nurseries, Faringdon, Berks.

548

THE GARDENERB' CHBOl^ICLE.

[NOVEMBEE 5, 1887.

Novelty of the Season.

ISPATH, Nurseryman, Rixdorf, Berlin,
-i» Germany. Established 1758. 340 acres in culture.

NOVELTY of the SEASON.
ROSE, "KKOWN PRINZESSIN VICTORIA."— A yellowish
sport of the celebrated Souv. de la Malmaison. This Rose ei-
cells by a splendid flower of very delicate colouring, by its
superb form, and is exceedingly free in blooming. It obtained
a First-class Certificate of Merit from the Horticultural Society
for the Kingdom of Prussia.

Price, £1 each, £9 for 10. £80 per lOO.

CATALOGUE, with Coloured Picture of the Rose,

Gratis and Post-free.

C CARNATION, "PAUL ENGLEHEART."—
J New Crimson Clove, perfectly hardy, free flowering,
tine rich colour, remarkably fragrant,

REQUIRES NO STICKS.
See Gardeners' Chronicle, Oct. 1, 1887, p. 409. Gilbert David-
sox, having acquired from the Rev. G. H. Eugleheart the entire
stock of Iht3 tine and useful border Carnation, is prepared to
Book Orders at once. The stock being limited, early Orders are
requested. Plants will be sent out as soon as ready, in strict
rotation, at 2s. 6d. each, 24s. per dozen.

GILBERT DAVIDSON, Wemoleu, Ammanford, R.S.O.,
Carmarthenshire, S. Wales.

FOREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,
I8s. per 1000. Ash, IJ to 3 feet, 10s. per 1000; ditto,
2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech, 1^ to 2 feet, 14s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 18s. per 1000. Birch, 1 to IJ foot, 18s. per
1000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per lOOO. Elm,
IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000;
ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. M. per
1000 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to li toot,
8s. per 1000 ; ditto, 1' to 2 feet. 10s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 2J feet,
12s, per 1000. Scotch Fir, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000. Oak, 1^ to
2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000. Pinus
austriaca, 2 years transplanted, fine, 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet,
2 to 2J feet, 26s. per lOOO ; ditto, 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore,
1 J to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000.
Tiioms, 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. 1} to 2 feet, 15s. per
10 10 ; ditto, 2 to 2i feet, 17s. 6<i. per 1000. Special offers for
extra quantities.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurserj'man, Stranraer.

(Hardily-Groiwn)

FRUIT TREES.

NEW CATALOGUE (NO. 339) POST FREE.

VERY EXTENSIYE & SUPERIOR STOCK.

<^A11 the Most Desirable

Varieties in Cultivation.

Hakdieb.thus succeeding much bcfferTHAN Trees
Grown in Warm & Sheltered partb op England.

^H Seuleii ^oa«' JWutrratj*.

"James Dickson & Sons"

"NEWTON" Nurseries,

diester>.

FRUIT TREES.— Well-ripened Clean Trees,
well rooted and grafted on best stocks. All best sorts of
APPLES. PEAKS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES. Standards and
Pyramids. Trained. APRICOTS, NECTARINES, and

PEACHES, Trained. Standard and Dwarf ROSES, all the
finest sorts. Fruit Trees in pots. CATALOGUES Gratis.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others

intending planting Shrubs and Trees, &c., this Autumn.

ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call
attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES,
LtMES. ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
within a radiua of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to dEo and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.
The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of SWEDES. TURNIPS, MANGELS, and other AGRI-
CULTURAL SEEDS, will be pleased to send special offers of
same on application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

FRUIT TREES.

10.000 VICTORIA PLUMS.
6000 GISBORN PLUMS.
5000 PRINCE OF WALES PLUMS.
6000 FARLEIGH PROLIFIC DAMSONS.
20,000 of other good sorta.
20,000 PEARS, in 60 sorts.
40,000 APPLES, in 100 sorts.
Brompton, Brussels, and Common PLUM STOCKS,
strong, 2-yr. wood.
Strong trained Morello CHERRIES.
Price per 100 or 1000, on application to
FLETCHER BROS., Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey.

CATALOGUES,

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEBEFOBD

{Established 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & GO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,
FOREST TREES,
RHODODENDRONS,
CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers zvill be made for Large Contracts.

COLCHESTER ROSES.

ENLARGED CATALOGUE,

JUST PUBLISHED,

CONTAINING

Name of Raiser if Date of Introduction

OF EACH VARIETY;

VALUABLE INFORMATION

Respecting the Newer Kinds,

AND

HINTS as to CULTIVATION, &o.

POST FREE ON APPLICATION TO

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST ROSES,

The BEST CAMELLLiS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS. &c..

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHRUBS,

The BEST PARK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUIT TREES and GRAPE VINES,

The BEST SEEDS, &c.,

May be i

1 and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAUL'S NURSERIES,

WALTHAM CROSS

(near " Waltham Cross" Station, Great Eusteru Ruihvay. half
an hour from London). Prices as low aa possible. Inspection
invited. Priced CATALOGl'ES Free.

IFRQFY FRUIT TREES.

\3 & rV O ^m I Carriage Paid. Cordons a apecialito.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORNU
ANP SON, High View Nurseri,-s, who will send, carriage
paid (or cash with order, FOKTY JERSEY ROSES for 21S.
Early orden secure extra strong plants.

DON'T.

Don't Buy Plants of the New Fruiting
Covert Plant,

ROSA RUGOSA,

when you can raise a thousand from Seed
as easily as weeds, for the
price of a few plants.
Don't Buy Grafted or Budded Plants for Covert
Planting.
This year's Seed, only genuine stock in EnglaTid,
White and Red, per packet. Is. 6d., pre-paid, postal
order. Instructions supplied. Trade supplied.
J. SIMPSON, Wood Agent, Wortley Hall, SHEFFIELD.

STR.'^WBERRY PLANTS, extra fine. —
Sir J. Paxton, Dr. Hogg, and Preaideut, 2s. per 100,
18s. per loOO.
GOOSEBERRIES, three leading varieties, 8s. per 100.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, fine, 6s. per 100.
BOX, three varieties, good pot stuff, 15 to 18 inches, 12s.

per 100.
QUICK, extra strong, 4 years, 13s. per 1000.
WALLFLOWERS. Belvoir Castle and Harbinger, strong and

bushy, transplanted, 2s. per 100.
DAISIES, The Bride, strong, 4s. per 100.
MYOSOTIS, transplanted, 2s. per 100.
SILENE PENDUI.A COMPACTA, strong, 2s. per 100.
PAXSIES, bedding, blue, white and yellow, 6s. per 100.
PRI.MROSE, single lilac, strong, 6s. per 100.

WILLI jM BALL, Bedford Road Nurseries, Northampton.

CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA,
good transplanted stuff,
3 to 4 feet, 9s. per dozen ; 4 to 5 feet, 10s. per dozen ;
5 to 6 feet, 12s. per dozen.
LAtTRELS, extra strong, 9s. per dozen.
LIMES, 10 feet, 18s. per dozen.
WALTER P. HUME, Nurseryman, Gloucester.

^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiniiiiiiii±

iTo planters!

I Stock Unique I
I & Unequalled, i

= NURSERIESover200 ACRES |

i MOST MODERATE PRICES, f
I TRUCK LOADS Carriage Free. |

i CATALOGUES GRATIS. |

lF?'A.DICKSON^SONS|

= THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN, =

I -CHESTER.- !

§iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii''iii"""""' '""" '"^

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS,

IS THK

LAKGEST GROWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE
IN THE KINGDOM.

Price Lists and I'aniplil.-ls on application.

Extra Large Horizontal-trained
APPLES and PEAKS, best sorts,

21s. per dozen.

VICTORIA PLUMS, strong, dwarf-trained,

18s. per do?eu.
HOPWOODS, BellvTie Nursery, Cheltenham.

NEW FLOWERING and FRUITING COVERT PLANT,

ROSA RUGOSA.

ONE of the finest Hardy and Ornamental
Berried Shrubs, recently iutroduced from Japan. Valuable
Covert Plant in Game Preserves and Woods. Forms a dense
bush between 4 and 5 feet high, clothed with luxuriant foliage,
and produces annually an abundant crop of large hips and
perfect seeds, which are greedily devoured by pheasants and
other birds. Rabbits cannot touch it, owing to its bristly bark.
For particulars and price apply to

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,

CARLISLE.

SUTTON'S BULBS

Genuine only direct FfiOMREAPiwc.

NOVEMBEH 5, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEBS' CERONICLE.

549

BOULTON & PAUL,

HOBTICTJXTTTRAIj bttildebs,

CATALOGUES Post-free.

NORWICH.

No. 73.-GARDEN FRAME.

Sides of Frames 14 inches high, 2 feet 3 inches at ridge,
easily put together. This Frame has given general Batistac-
tiOD, and was brought out by us in 1883.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame, 4 feet by 6 feet

2 ,, „ 8 feet by 6 feet

3 „ ., 12 feet by 6 feet

4 ,, „ 16 feet by 6 feet

5 „ „ 20 feet by 6 feet

6 „ ,, 24 feet by 6 feet

No. 74. -PLANT FRAME.

The Frames are 13 inches high at front, 24 inches high at
back, and 32 inches at the ridge, bolted at the comers, easily
taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick,
fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn over, back and
front, for ventilating.

Length. Width.

Price.

Price.

1

Light

Frame. 4 feet by 6 (eet

... £.3 0 0

£2 17 6

a

8 feet by 6 feet

4 7 6

:<

„ 12 feet by 6 feet

6 17 6

4

„ 16 feet by 8 feet

8 0 0

7 7 6

5

„ 20 feet by 6 feet

9 15 0

8 17 6

«

„ 24 feet by 6 feet

10 7 6

Made up to a

ny length.

No. 76.-CUCUMBER FRAME.

The Frames are of l^inch boards, 24 inches high at back, and
3 inches high in front, bolted at the comers, easily taken to
)ieces if requirea. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron
>ar across and one handle at the top.

...£1 0 0

4 13 6

6 0 0

7 7 6

Length Width

1 Light Frame, 4 feet by b feet

2 „ „ 8 feet by 6 feet

3 „ „ 12 feet by 6 feet

4 ,, ,, 16 feet by 6 feet
."i ,. „ 20 feet by 6 feet
6 ,, ,. 24 feet by 6 feet

These Frames are painted four coats, and glazed with 21-07,.
glass. Packing Cases are allowed for in full if returned at once,
carriage paid and in good condition. Carriage paid to any
station in England and Wale.s. Also to Dublin, Cork. London-
derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent.

EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
Now on View, all the recent Novelties, many promising
Seedlings, and all old Standard varieties. The most complete
Collection in the Trade. LIST Gratis. Inspection invited.
Kailway Station. Forest Hill, and Catford Bridge.
JOHN LAING iND .SONS. Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E.

To the Trade only.

C.4J>E BULBS.— -The Botanic Gardens, Cape
Town, are Booking Orders for delivery in February, 1888.
FREESIA and DISA a specialty.

A. F. BAXTER. Sales Department.

H R I S T M A S ROSES.

The true Bath variety.
Strong clumps to prCKluce ten to twenty blooms each, 205.
per dozen, packing included. Cash with order.

THOS. KITLEY, Oldfield Nursery, Bath.

SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.—
Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 40s. per 100. Abies
Douglasii, 1 year, 20s. per 1000. Abiesorientalis,8to9inch, 125.
per 100. American Arbor- vitae, 10 to 12 inche.9, 505. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni, 12 to 15 inches, 60s. per 1000. Cupressus
erecta viridis. 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000 ; ditto. 1 to 1^ foot,
extra, 10s. per 100. Cupressus etricta, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per
1000 ; ditto, 1 to 1 J foot. 12s. per 100. Cedrus Deodara, 6 to 9
inches, 65. per 100; ditto. 12 inches. 12s. per lOO. Pinus
insignis, 1 year, 45. per 100. Pinus Cembra, 2 years, lOs. per
1000. Pinus Nordmanni. 2 years, 65. per 100. Pinus excelsa,
1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis. 1 year, 55. per 100.
Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches, 10s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 10 inches, 85. per
100. Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 40.^. per 1000. Thuiopsis
dolabrata, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto. 12 inches, fine, 12s.
per 100. Yew. English, 8 to 9 inches, 65. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal. 8 to 9 inches. 6s. per 100. Common Laurel, 12 to 14
inches, 355. per 1000. Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inches,
50s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 inches, 30s. per 1000.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer.

FRUIT TREES a SPECIALTY.— True to
name. A large stock of all sorts— APPLES. CHERRIES,
CURRANTS, and GOOSEBERRIES (best also. Lancashire prize
sorts), very cheap in quantity for market purposes; APRICOTS,
NECTARINES, PEACHES, NUTS, PEARS, PLUMS. DAM-
SONS. RASPBERRIES, in all forms usually grown ; STRAW-
BERRIES, all the old standard, also the new sorts, by the 100
or 1000. or iu small pots. Winner Ist prize. Manchester ; 2nd.
Crystal Palace this year, for large collection APPLES, and
over fifty others within the last few years. Price List free.
Special quotations for quantities.

Descriptive LIST, with description of all sorts, and much
useful information, four stamps.

JOHN WATKINS. Fruit Tree Nurseryman, Pomona Farm,
Withington. Hereford.

QA fififi CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^WV/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s, per dozen, strong
plants ; extra stronp; plants, repotted into S^inf'h pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

To the Trade.
Sowing RAPE SEED and White MUSTARD SEED.

HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of the
• above-named Seeds suitable for sowing purposes, and
will be pleased to submit them, with prices, on application.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 45. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100;
ditto in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

KICHARD SMITH akb CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Reduced Frlcee to meet Depression.

T^ E S C R I P T I V E CATALOGUE,

X-/ comprising fine transplanted FRUIT TREES. ROSES,
Hardy CLEMATIS, RHODODENDRONS. CONIFERS,
TREES and SHRUBS, CLIMBERS, FOREST TREES, &c.,
free on application to

GEO. JACKMAN & SON,

WOKING NURSERY, SUKKEy.

THE NEW DECORATIVE COVERT PLANT,

ROSA RUGOSA.

EFFECTIVE in FLOAVER and FRUIT.

For Woodland Clumps this plant is invaluable.

It provides shelter and best food for Pheasants,

&c., and is thoroughly Rabbit-proof. For prices

see our New Edition,

FOREST TREE CATALOGUE,

describing our unlimited and unequalled Stock.
NURSERIES OVER 200 ACRES.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN,
CHESTER.

LORD'S CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.—
Highest awards wherever exhibited. Undoubtedly the
soundest stock extant. My Selection, 6s. per dozen. Also
liberal Collections at 105., 155., 20s., and 30s. Carriage paid
for cash.

NEW PICOTEE "MUS. SHARP."— The finest heavy scarlet
edge ever offered. Catalogue post-free.

TIOBERT LORD. Hole Bottom, Todmorden.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisito.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room, 75a, QueenVictoria
Street. E.C.. near Mansion House Station. Dep6t: Swan Place,
Old Kent Road. London, S.E.
Telegrams— " Floriculture. London." Established 1854.

PEAT for SALE, for Rhododendrons and all
other American Plants. lOs. per ton. Light Brown Peat,
for Greenhouse Work, 2s. 6rf. per bag.

Seedling RHODODENDRONS, from 2 to 6 inches in height,
warranted good rooted, 12s. per 1000 ; samples shown.

Apply, by letter, for further particulars, to DENNIS
HEATHER, West End, Chobham, Woking, Surrey.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two PKIZE MEDAT.H.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (AU sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. 6rf.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. M. ,, 6 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, eitra selected Orchid 6s. ed. „ 6 sacks for 25j.

LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... ■)

PREPAKED COMPOST, best (Is. per bush., 3s. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD, „ J

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6rf. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24s. ton.

RAITIA FIBRE, beat only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported ... 8<i; lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER ,, (Speciality) Sd. lb., 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 6s. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PERFE(7r"FER-^ In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food tor ( • ,

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ... ) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VmOrN CORK, best q>iality only — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. Sd. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;
30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FBRKT RQAD, MJLWAU, LONDON, E.

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse.

J STEVENS AND CO. direct supply truck-
• load of 2 tons, £1 2s. 6d. ; in bags. 20, 15s. ; 40, 27s,,
bags included, all free on to rail. Cash with orders.

Greyhound Yard, and 1.53, Hifih Street, Battersea, S.W.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at lbs. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM. 7s. 6d. per
baR. SILVER SAND, coarse or tine. 1,1.^. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Farnboro' Station. Hants.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

Peat o£ first-rate qu;Uity, suitable for

ORCHIDS. EHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,

FERNS.

and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the sack, or by the yard ; also first-rato
PEAT MOULD.— For printed particulars, apply. D. CAMERON,
Forester. Mount Mascal Estate. North Cray. Foot's Cray, Kent.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS, FERNS, RHODODENDRO.VS,
and other choice Plants.

The Best in the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., -JS, Leadenhall Street,
• London, E.G.. continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. .lOHNSOX AND CO. have NO Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

l3 acknowledged to be tlie best tor all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

bv innumerable unsolici ted Te.stimonials. Rhododendron PEAT,
LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FIBRE. CHARCOAL, &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials,

EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

VINE and FBUIT BOBDEBS and
OBCHABD-HOUSE TBEES, &c.

Replenuhing, Potting, and Heneioing Season.
The best permanent Fertiliser is W. & Son's

"LE FRUITIER," £16 per ton.

Be^t BONES, pure new crushed, dust to J inch, £8 10s.
Best Yellow Fibrous LOAM, White WOOD and PEAT ASHES,
EouBh Lump CHARCOAL, PEAT, SAND, COMPOSTS, MATS,
RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, NETS, INSECTICLDES, MAN-
URES, &c. Samples and prices post-free.

■WOOD & SON, Wood Green, London, N.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window CASES,

CAVES, WATERFALLS. WINDOW BOXES. AQUARIA,
ARTIFICIAL ROCKWORK f.ir Ballrooms, Halls, Staircases,
&c.. temporarily erected and constructed, under personal

superintendence of

HARPHAM AND HOWES.

Horticultural Depot, 107. Church Street, Edgware Eo«d, N.W.

Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free,

550

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMEEE 5, 1887.

DUTCH AND CAPE BULBS

DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS,

ANT. ROOZEN & SON.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

OF CHOICE HARDY FLOWER ROOTS
For Indoor and Spring Gardening, again enlarged, now

Collection ** F," for Spring Gardening,
Containing 1000 Bulbs.

TiO Persian Ranunculus.
50 French Ranunculus.
50 Snowdrop'^, single.
50 Spanish Iris.
24 Triteleia uniilora.
24 Gladiolus.

4 Lilium umbellatum.
24 Scilla sibirica pnccox.
16 Eranthia Hyemalia (Winter
Aconite).

36 Hyacinths, distinct colours
ftO Tulips, single, early.
50 Tulips, double.
24 Tulips, single, late.
20 Narcissus, Polyanthus.
30 Narcissus, incomparabilis.
34 Narcissus, Poeticus.
60 Anemones, double.
24 Anemones, single.
400 Crocus, in 4 distinct colours

Collection ** C," for Indoor, containing
284 Choice Bulbs for 60-Pots and Glasses.

Half of Cither of the above for W^.

The above Packages may be had from our Agenta, Messrs.
BIERTENS AND CO.. 3. Cross Lane. St. Mary-at-Ilill, London,
E.C., onreceipt of Cheque or Post-office Order.

For p:\rticular3 of our other Collections of Bulbs for INDOOR
and SPRING GARDENING, see our complete and revised
CATALOGUE for 18S7, whii-h will be sent, post-free, on appli-
cation to our Agent.*?, or ourselves direct.

ANX. KOOZEN & SON, Nurserymen,

OVERVEES. ne.ir HAARLEM. HOLLAND.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18«. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application,

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

J. CHARLESWORTH,

HEATOX, BRADFORD,

ORCHID IMPORTER AND GROWER.

Large Stock of all Leading Sorts.
INSPECTION IlfVITED.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now ofiered for Sale.
The Illustratexi and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES, SAWBBIDGWOBTH, HERTS.

TO THE TRADE.

Double DAFFODILS, in 4 sizes.
Tenby DAFFODILS, in 4 sizes.

Prices on u}iplication to
BARR & SON, 12, KING STREET,

COVENT GARDEN, AV.C.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock ;it tin- Chiiitoii Nursery is of audi lauK"it"'l*^ *'^^*'
without 4..,-uiK It ii is not liusv to form ml adequate couccption
otitsmilin.icOr.nt.-.l .-xt.uit.

FRUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,
BOUVARDIAS, CYCLAMENS, EKR'AS. E)'ACKIS. PRIMU-
LAS, SOLA>;UMS, TREE CARNATIONS, and olh.?r
WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS,
Of fine quality and immen-ss numbers.

CHRISTMAS ROSES.

HELLEBORUS NIGER.

I have much pleasure in directing the atten-
tion of the Trade to my extensive stock, extending
to several thousands exceptionally fine, strong,
forcing cliunps of the above. I think I never
had them in such fine condition ; their fresh
foliage is fine, and the clumps are closely filled
with flowering buds. The following varieties can
be supplied : —

CATJCASICUS.— A really serviceable variety,

producing L^^ge, very conspicuous flowers. Pure white
when llowered inside or under other protection. One of
the most vigorous o£ all the Christmas Rosea, and one
which will succeed in almost anj'soil or position, flowering
freely in the open ground in January.

KADAME rOURCADE is a gem— certainly
one of the best flowers of medium size; snow white, and
produced in the greatest possible profusion, even the very
smallest plants flowering— of a good strong vigorous habit.
Fine strong clumps for forcing.

MAJOB.^For general purposes the best of all

the Niger varieties. My stock is very true, distinct en-
tirely from the German varieties; free in habit, producing
abundance of flowers of good form, and pure white in
colour. Exceptionally fine, home-grown forcing clumps.

MAXIMUS.— A robust, early-flowering variety

—the largest and earliest of the group. The foliage is of
a very di^ep greeu, the stems are beautifully mottled. It
flowers in October and November, producing large, pure
white flowers, slightly shaded with rose on the exterior;
quite pure white when protected. Exceptionally fine,
strong, forcing clumps.

KUBBA is a veritable red Christmas Rose,

producing very large flowers of a bright rose colour,
robust grower and free flowering. Fine strong forcing
clump.-:.

COLLECTED PLANTS. — These I can offer
in really good, strong, very healthy stuff.
Special Descriptive Priced List upon application.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.

I have just finished taking off the layers of my
very extensive collection of these, which comprises
both Shows, Selfs, Cloves, and Border varie-
ties ; as well as Yellow Grounds. E\ery variety
worth growing is included. The plants are in
first-rate health and strong. Catalogue of these
will be sent upon application.

HOLLYHOCKS.

Fine selected varieties to colour, equal ra every
way to named sorts.

P/EONIES.

A tremendous collection of both the Tree and
Herbaceous sorts. List of varieties with prices
upon application,

CAILLARDIAS.

A very high-class collection; several new
varieties of exceptional worth. List of varieties
and prices upon application.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

Thomas S. Ware,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites an inspection from inten<linK Planters
to the following well-grown

NURSERY STOCK,

which may be seen at his Nursery, Knap Hill,
near Woking Station :—
ABIES CANADENSIS, Hemlock Spruce, 6 to 8 feet.
,, unilGLASn, 6 to 10 feet.
., DOUGLASn GLAUCA, 4 to 5 feet.
„ HOOKERIANA or PATTONIANA, 3 to 5 feet.
,. ORIENTALiS, 4. 6 to 10 feet.
., PARRYANA. \i to 3 feet. .,„.,„,
.. GLAUCA (the Blue Spruce), 1} to 3 feet, all from seed.
CEDRUS ATLANTICA, 4 to 6 feet.
„ ATLANTICA GLAUCA, 3 to 7 feet.
„ DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet.
„ LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon), 4 to 6 feet.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA ERECTA VmiDIS, 3 to 8 feet.

„ „ LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPER, Chinese, 10 to 12 feet.
,, Golden, 3 to 8 feet.
„ VIKGINIANA GLAUCA, 5 to 7 feet,
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 6 feet.
„ GRANDIS. 4 to 9 feet.
„ LASIOCARPA. 3 to 8 feet.
„ MAGNIFICA. 2 to 4 feet.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 4 to 10 feet.
PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3 to 5 feet.
,, CEMBRA. 3 to 8 feet.
„ MACROCARPA, 4 to 5 feet.
EETINOSPORA PISIFERA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet.
SPRUCE FIR, 3 to 8 feet.
THUIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 to 4 feet.
,, DOLABRATA, 3. 4, ai d 6 feet.
THUIA OCCIDENTALIS (American Arbor-rttee), 3 to 5 feet.

., LUTEA (Golden), 3 to 6 feet.
YEWS. Common. 3, 4, and 6 feet, thousands j 6 to 10 feet
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet.

We have a large quantity of Pyramids, Globes, and
Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled,
„ Golden, seedlings, 3, 4, 6, to 8 feet.
„ Irish, h to 10 feet.
., ,, Golden, 3 to 5 feet.
AZALEAS, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet.

,, MOLLIS, seedlings and named varieties.
RHODODENDRONS, 2, 3, 4. 6, 6, 8. to 10 feet: thousands of
finer plants than can be found in any other nursery.

[^ The Rhododendrons and Azaleas in Rotteu Row
and at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, are
supplied by Anthony Waterer.
AUCUBA JAPONICA, SJ to 4 feet.
BAMBUSA JIETAKE. fine clumps, 6 to 7 feet.
BOX, green and variegated, 3, 4, 5, to 8 feet.
HOLLIES. Common Green, 3, 4, S, up to 10 feet.
„ ALTACLARENSE, \
„ HODGINS', f

„ LAURIFOLIA, ^
„ Sn'RTIFOLIA,
„ SCOTTICA ;

,, Vellow-berried and other sorts.

„ Variegated, of sorts, 3,4, SuptolOfeet. [ful specimens.
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to 10 feet, hundreds of beauti
\. Silver Queen, 4 to 10 feet, splendid specimens.

Weeping, Perry's, on straight stems, with heads of ten
to fifteen years' growth ; New Golden, a large quantity
of beautiful plants,

The following trees have stout, straightstems.fine heads, and
splendid roots.and have all been transplanted ^vithm two years:—
ACACIA BESSONIANA, 6 to 12 feet.

,, SEMPERFLORENS, 12 to 14 feet.
ACER DASYCARPUM. 12 to 16 feet.

WIEBII LACINIATA, 10 to 12 feet.
NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Standards, 8 to 10 feet,

','. LEOPOLDII. 12 to 14 feet.

„ RF.ITENBACHII, 8 tol2feet,

„ SCHWEDLERII, 12 to 16 feet,

., WORLEYII, Standards, 12 to 14 feet.
ASH, Mountain. 10 to 14 feet.
BEECH, Common, 10 to 12 feet.

Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 9 to 16 feet.
BIRCH. Purple. 14 to 15 feet.

,, Silver, 12 to 16 feet.
CHESTNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feet.

„ Double White, 10 to 12 feet.

,, Scailet, 12 to 16 feet.

„ Spanish, 12 feet.
ELMS. English, 10 to 12 feet,

,, Guernsey, 12 feet.
LDIES, 10 to 16 feet.

,, Silver-leaved. 10 to 14 feet.
LIQUIDAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet.
MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet.
OAX, English, 10 to 14 feet,

,, Scarlet American, 12 to 14 fi-et.
PLANES, English-grown, 12 to 16 f.-et. [Anthony Waterer.

The Planes on the Thames Embankment were supplied by

3, 4, .'i, up to 10 feet.

POPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet.

„ CANADENSIS NOVA (the true v
SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet.

,, Purple, 14 to 16 feet.
THORNS. Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet.

,. White, 8 to 10 feet.

., Single Wliite, 8 to 10 feet.
WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet.

iety), 12 to 16 feet.

WEEPING TREES.

BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids anil Standards, 8 to 12 feet.

Weeping Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 feet.
BIRCH. Young's Weeping, Pyramideand Standards, 8 to 14 ft,
ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids aod Standards. 7 to 14 feet.
LARCH. Weeping. Pyramids, 6 to 10 feet.
OAK. Weeping English. Standards. 10 to 12 feet.
POPLAR. Weeping. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 12 feet.
SOPHORA JAVONICA PENDULA. Standards. 8 to 9 feet.

WaMesdon Mimor. Baron F. DE Roihschud's, the most
extensive and successfully planted place in England, has been
supplied princit>Glly from the Knnp Hill Nursery.

KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY

NOVEMBBE 5, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

551

PAUL & SON

KespectfiillT invite attention to the follow
SPECIALTIES :—

PAULS'— Bulbs — WALTHAM

CBOSS.

HYACINTHS, for Pots and Glasses,

from 2s. •id, per dozen.
HYACINTHS, for Borders, from

13s. per 100.
HYACINTHS, Roman, for Earlv

Forcing, 2s. per dozen, 12s. 6o.

per 100.
TULIPS, for Pota, from 8rf. per doz.
TULIPS, for Borders, from 3s. 6rf.

per 100.
POLYANTHUS NAKCISSUS, from

2s. per dozen.
CROCUS, from Is. 6rf. per 100.
SNOWDROPS, Double and Single,

2s. id. per 100.

Border NARCISSI JONQUILS, ANEMONES, RANUNCU-
LI SE^! LILIES GLADIOLI, LILY of the VALLEY',
SPIR-r\S &.C cheap and good. See Catalogue.

PAULS'— Roses— WALTHAM CROSS.

STANDAKDS ... from 18s. doz.

DWAKFdo , 12s. „

DWARFS 6s. „

CLIMBING , 6s, „

FORCING, in pots... „ 2Is. „
NEW VAKrETIES „ l&J. „

The Boss Garden, by Wm. Paul,
F.L.S., 8th edition, with plates, 21s.
The Rose Annual with plates, six
ports, 4s, eaeh. liases in Pots, 5th
edition. 2s. Jioses and Jiose Cut-

PAULS'— CamelUas— "WALTHAM CROSS.

GOOD PLitNTS, from 21s. per doz.

AZALEAS, Winter-blooming
HEATHS, EPACRISES, GAR-
DENIAS, STEPHANOTIS, LA-
PAGERIAS, and other STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

PAULS'— Trees— WALTHAM CROSS.

PLANES, LIMES, and
other AVENUE and
P.AKK TREES, from 12s. doz.
WEEPING TREES „ 15s. .,
FLOWERING

SHRUBS 2.5s. 100

EVERGREEN 2.5s. „

PICTORIAL TREES „ £5 „
EHODOD EN-
D R O N S , Seed-

j lings 2os. ,,

f ,, named sorts 18s. doz.

CLIJIBING PLANTS „ 9s, „

Planting done by Estimate or

Contract.

PAULS'— Seeds— WALTHAM CBOSS.

Of every description, of the first
quality, and low in price.

VEGETABLE SEEDSfor autumn
sowing: PEAS.BEANS.CABBAGE,
CAULIFLOWER, CARROT,
CRESS, CUCUMBER, LETTUCE,
MUSTARD, ONION, RADISH,
SPINACH, TURNIP, &c.

FLOWER SEEDS, various, for
autumn sowing : CINERARIA,
CALCEOLARIA, PRLMULA.
CYCLAMEN, BALSAM,

ASTERS, &c, : the finest florists'
strains are always on sale.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, .5s. per
bush. MATS, KNIVES, GLOVES,
TOOLS, and every garden requisite.

GLADIOLUS, BRENCHLEY-
ENSIS, tine, 5s. per 100, Is. per doz.

PAULS' — Fruit Trees— Waltham Cross.

APPLES, PEABS, CHERRIES,
PLUMS, Standards, from 1.5s. doz.
,, Pyramids ,, 12s. ,,

,, Dwarf- trained ,, 24s. ,,
,, Standard-trained, 7s. 6rf. each.
APRICOTS, PEACHES, and NEC-
TAKINES, Dwarf-trained,
from 30s. per dozen.
Standard-trained, 7s. 6(f. each.
APE VINES. 2s. %d. to 10s. lid.
;s. 2s. id. to 3s. id. each. [each.
<I'EERRIES, from 3s. per 100.
: \WBERREES, from 2s. id. per
, mo.
,i FILBERTS, from 6s. per dozen.
g CLIIR-ANTS and GOOSEBERRIES,
from Zs. per dozen.
Goods Packed for all parts of the World.
' gf" Full Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUES u-ill be
foruarded. Post-free, on application. Special and Jicdnced
Price where large quantities are required. /Tispection invited.

W.ALTHAM GROSS, HERTS.

JENSEN'S GUANOS

.\RE

THE BEST FERTILISERS

FUR

VINES and TOMATOS.

WRITE for TESTIMONIALS.

JENSEN'S GUANOS

THE MOST ECONOMICAL
3IANURES

ALL KINDS OF FLOWERS.

JENSEN'S GUANOS

ABE

UNRIVALLED in their EFFECT

ON

VEGETABLES, FRUIT TREES, CRASS.

INVALUABLE
In GAEDEN and GREENHOUSE.

JENSEN'S GUANOS

ARE

THE BEST PLANT
FOOD.

WRITE FOR

Testimonials and Full Particulars,

TO

J. JENSEN & CO.

(LIMITED),

109, FENGHURGH STREET, LONDON, E.G.

Now ready, in clotb, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I.. Third Series. JAN. to JUNE. 1887.
W. KICHABDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

NEW EDITION,

Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3(Z., Post-Jree ^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1887.

ENVILLE HALL.

TN that pleasing volume, Walks in the Black
-^ Country and its Green Border Land, Elihu
Burritt described Enville with enthusiasm. It
surpassed, he thought, even Lady Rolle's place
at Bicton for its flower gardens, extending to
73 acres, laid out in the most picturesque man-
ner, with little lakes, fountains, and bouquets of
trees, well supplied with rustic seats, and with
acres ot exquisite lawn, broached with a thousand
flower-beds and belted with choicest shrub-
bery. " All the flowers of all the zones
are here in their glory, worked into the em-
broidery of miles of walks, skirted by walls of
Rhododendrons, all aglow in May with their
gossamer [ ! ] blossoms. The gardens were in
their zenith at the time when Mr. Burritt visited
them — about the year 1867. The number cf
bedding plants must have been enormous, since
Mr. Burritt states that " four hundred thousand
pots of Geraniums supply only one of the con-
tingents of beauty which the floral world con-
tributes, under subsidy, to this little earthly
elysium." On the last day of November there
were new Potatos nearly as large as hens' eggf ,
and a house filled and festooned with Cucumbers,
trained like Grape Vines ; a houseful of Straw-
berries in blossom, French Beans in pod, Peas in
bloom, to be ready by New Year's Day, and two
hundred Pine-apple plants in fruit at different
stages. The gardener-in-chief had a force of
about thirty-five men and boys in constant em-
ployment, whose wages amounted to £100 a
month. The kitchen garden contained 13 acres,
the park surrounding the gardens was of " vast
extent " and grandly wooded.

It seems to have puzzled Mr. Burritt that the
trees of the extensive shrubbery, including Oaks,
Purple Beeches, Limes, and Elms, all drooped their
limbs on the lawn — a remarkable characteristic,
which he had never observed before and could
not explain. The explanation seems to be, that
the trees grow within the protected boundaries
of Enville Gardens without suffering any damage
from the cropping of their lower limbs by cattle,

552

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONIGLE.

[NOTEMBEE 5, 1887.

The genial American expressed great pleasure
in recording that the whole of the grounds were
thrown open to the " sooty-faced " men of the
mine and forge twice a week, and that the great
fountains were played for their entertainment.
They were in the habit of walking in the gar-
dens unrestrained, and their sense of honour was
so keen that they might be trusted among the
choicest flowers, and they never overstepped the
proper boundaries. After having sated their
eyes among the gorgeous borders, they used to
adjourn to the higher portion of the park, which
was reserved for their " pic-nic spread and dance
and frolic." On fite days 250,000 variegated
lamps illumined the walks and shrubberies, and
as many as 60,000 persons had been present on
Bach occasions.

The culture of Enville had extended beyond
its gardens. The village had been famous for its
Cherries, and for a too notorious Cherry fair,
which was held usually on a Sunday. The
roughest elements of the Black Country used to
assemble on these occasions, and such boisterous
sports as cock-fighting and prize-fighting were
indulged in. Thirty prize-fights took place
sometimes in a single day, and drunkenness and
demoralising riot. It would have proved a
difficult task to have broken up such a deeply-
rooted institution by force, but the work was
easily accomplished by the plan of offering the
counter attractions of another festival, held on
Monday instead of Sunday. Schools were built
in the village at a cost of .f2000, and penny
readings in the school-rooms had proved so
popular that the Earl and Countess once
found considerable difficulty in reaching their
places, though the former was down for the first
reading. Lord Stamford's reforms were con-
ducted on the same principle as those of Dr.
Arnold, the most famous of English school-
masters. Instead of roughly oppcsing deep-
seated habits, lopping off big limbs and branches,
and, in short, pruning old customs much too
freely — he proceeded on a far more gentle plan,
disbudding and gradually suljstituting what was
good and useful for that which had been proved
to be injurious. So that Enville, under the
Earl's reyime, was not merely famous for its
magnificent gardens — which the whole " Black
Country" delighted in — but for a well-ordered
e.state and village, which became under his rule a
credit to the country.

The poet Shenstone, whose mansion at Hales-
owen, on the bank of the Stour, stood in the
midst of the Black Country, before it owned the
name of Black, deserves to be remembered for
having laid out the grounds of Enville, as he did
those of Ilagley, in good bold English style.
Any landscape gardener of the last century must
needs have been outstripped by others of more
recent date having far more abundant materials
at their command ; but Shenstone will always be
held in honour as the leader of a new taste,
far superior to the pompous, artificial style
of his time. Thanks to the designer, the
seat of the present Earl of Stamford and
Warrington is situate in the midst of de-
lightful grounds; and although the immense
flower gardens liave been contracted, and are
hardly now such a magnificent hobby as Mr.
Burritt found them, they are still — under the
care of the head gardener, Mr. Green — notable
among great gardens. The bedding system of
Enville — the bright, well-filled beds, the long
lines of ribbon borders, with the component parts
of the breadths of colour noticed by Burritt — were
described in detail in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
September 13, 18S4. I shall not repeat the
ttory, but I must mention the beauty of the

grounds. There are 80 acres of lawns and'shrub-
beries, kept in order by twenty gardeners. The
wide undulating lireadths of lawn are beautifully
planted with shrubs and exotic and other timber,
and many specimen trees and shrubs might be
noticed foi' their remarkable size and character.
Among these is a wonderful Copper Beech, stand-
ing alone in its glory, with great drooping
branches. There is a most imposing Cedrus
atlantica, and fine specimens of OrJT)tomeria
japonica and other exotics. H. E.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

ANGR^.CUM CALLIGERUM n. sp*
In June last I obtained a flower of this in the
finest state possible from ray eldest English cor-
respondent, Mr. Stuart Low. I may have had the
same thing from another place before, but in such an
execrable state, that I could never understand the
rotten carrion. I addressed Mr. Stuart Low for more
flowers and a leaf. I was told the leaf was like that
of Angrfficum articulatum and Ellisii, but I could
have nothing more at all, an enthusiastic amateur
having taken the plant away.

Imagine my pleasure to find a fine plant with a
dozen good flowers at Mr. Bull's in September
last, amidst a surprising display of flowering Orchids.
I obtained the inflorescence, and now I believe it to
be all right. The leaves are a little glaucous, ligii-
late, bilobed. The flower is as big as one of a very
good AngriEcum Ellisii, and of an unusually stiff"
texture, quite Vandaceous. The ligulate acute
sepals are slightly keeled on the midline outside, and
have a semioblong strong callus on the keel at the
very base. Petals cuneate oblong-acute. Lip's plate
rather ligulate, pandurate acute, with a long filiform
acute spur, exceeding the stalked ovary six to seven
lines. Side angles of the column velutinous. Pollen
apparatus of Angriccum with a simple caudicle.
H. G. lickb.f.

Catasetum Trulla {Lindl.) subimberbe.

A variety distinct by its having no cilias on the
borders of the superior part of the lip. The bristles
are well represented in Lindl., Bot. Reg., xxvii., 34
and in my Liudleyan types and other herbarium
specimens. There are but a few teeth on the borders,
which have stronger angles than the typical plant.

Having at hand two copies of the quoted plate, I
feel quite surprised that the colours are quite dis-
tinct in both. One impression shows rather well the
yellowish-green tint of the flowers as it is, the other
strikes you by dark bluish-green colours such as may
never have existed in Nature. It may be good to
remember this now and then.

The introduction is due to Mr. P. Sander. I have
a fine inflorescence at hand, kindly sent me by Mr.
J. Day. H. G. Bckh.f.

CyPRIPEDITJM X DELICATULUM, M. kl/b. hoH.

This is a cross between Cypripedium barbatum

AVarneri and Cypripedium Dayanum, light variety,
the latter being the stigmatic parent. The leaves
are those of the last, and the flowers are, of course,
exceedingly near those of Cypripedium Swanianum,
which has the same parentage, but inverted. The
upper sepal is rather broad, elliptical, apiculate, with
fifteen to sixteen green veins on each side the
median veins. The area around the outer veins is
washed with purple. The side-sepals form a narrow
ligulate acute body, with eleven green nerves, nearly
as long as the lip, which would be that of Cypri-
pedium barbatum were it not for its more conical

* AngrcFCnm caVigcrnm, n. sp.— Foliia ligulati^ obtuse bilo-
hU ; racemo valido multifloro; bracteis triangulis obtusis minu-
tis; pedicellis supra bxsin nrticulatis articulo minuto; sepalis
cuneato liguliitts acntis, medio extus carinatis bast UDicalloi^is ;
tepalis cuneato oblonpi^ acutia, lahelli lamina ligulata pandu-
rata acuta, calcars filiformi acuto ovnrio pedicellato sexes
urtrjue septies longiori ; coliimna; an^ulis vclutino-margiiiati?.
H. G. Hchb.f.

sac. Deflexed petals ligulate, dilatate, acute, densely
ciliate at the margins, brownish-purple on the
anterior part, full of green veins, with a dark purple
median nerve on the superior half. There are some
rather obscure spots on the base towards the upper
sepal. The staminode is transverse, with a short
uncinate antrorse tooth at each side, and a dark
purple one in the middle. The usual green areolie
are to be seen each side of mid line. It was raised
by Mr. Drewett 0. Drewett, Riding Mill-on-Tyne.
H. G,Echb.f.

Cypripedium X pleistochlorum, n. hyb. hort.
A cross between Cypripedium virens and barbatum
superbum, the first being the pollen parent. It was
raised by Mr. Drewett 0. Drewett, of Riding Mill-on-
Tyne. The leaf is pretty nearly that of Cypripedium
virens — green, with some darker green transverse
lines and markings. The brown hairy peduncle is
one-flowered. Bract much shorter than the stalked
ovary. Upper sepal elliptic, acute ; outer nerves
purple, inner ones green. Lateral sepals with eleven
green nerves, forming a narrow ligulate acute body,
scarcely half as long as the brown strongly
horned lip (side laciniie). Petals ligulate, apiculate,
ciliate, purple-brown on the anterior part, green-
veined on the superior part, with a series of brown
spots at the side of the sepal. Staminode transverse,
reddish, with a narrow sinus between the two
forcipate teeth and a small tooth in the middle.
Green areolations in the centre. //. G. Rchb. f.

Cattleya Zenobia, n. hyb.
This is a new and handsome hybrid, raised by Mr.
Seden, between the pale coloured Cattleya Lod-
digesi and that deeply coloured form of Liclia
elegans called Turneri, the former being the seed,
and the latter the pollen parent. The plant is seven
years old, and has now flowered for the first time.
The stem is said to be 13 inches high, and the leaves
just intermediate between those of the two parentf.
Probably the plant has not yet attained its full
development. The inflorescence bears a couple of
flowers, which are over 4 inches across, and tolerably
intermediate between those of its parents in colour
and general appearance. The segments are light
rosy-pink, as is also the outside of the lateral lobes
of the lip, though the inside is paler, and shades
off into very light yellow in front. The front lobe
is very heavily veined with crimson-purple on a
paler ground, and with a narrow margin of this
lighter colour. The lip's disc is light yellow, the
four narrow central ridges inclining to buff. In
shape the side lobes closely resemble those of the
male parent, while the front lobe is nearer in this
respect to Cattleya Loddigesi, being broad, dis-
tinctly emarginate, and with crispo-undulating mar-
gin. There are four pollen masses, as in Cattleya,
though there are the minutest traces of the other
four wliich are normally developed in Ljelia. But
Ljelia elegans is not a normal Lslia in this respect,
and is itself probably a natural hybrid between tiie
two genera, so that it is not at all strange that the
additional pollen-masses should be so nearly wanting
in the hybrid. On the whole it seems best to call
the plant a Cattleya^at least while these bigeneiic
hybrids continue to be arbitrarily referred to one
or the other of the parent genera — though, to ray
mind, it would be far better if the term Lielio-
Cattleyax were adopted in gardens for these hybrids
between the two genera. There are strong reasons
for not merging La;]ia and Cattleya in one, even for
garden purposes, and the plan I propose is the only
satisfactory alternative. R. A. Rolfc.

The Peoples Palace, Mile End Road.—
A Chrysanthemum and winter flower show is
arranged to be held in the above building from
Wednesday, November IG, to Saturdav, November 19,
inclusive. We observe in the schedule of prizes to
be given by the Beaumont Trustees that awards will
be made ranging from £6 for g'-oups of Chrysanthe-
mum plants to 4s. for twelve incurved blooms of the
same. As befits its modest commencement, the
schedule contains only seventeen claspes, all told,

November 5, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

553

TEIDAX BICOLOR, A. Gray.

DcRiNO the past five or six years the rich botanical
egion of Nortli Mexico lias been considerably inves-
tigated by Dr. C. C. Parry, Dr. E. Palmer, Mr. C. G.
I'ringle, and other botanists, and their extensive col-
lections contained at least 10 per cent, of previously
undescrioed species, to say notliing of new generic
forms. Especially numerous were the novelties of

from him Mr. Thompson, of Ipswich, received the
seed.

The plant shown (fig. lOS) is the variety T. bicolor
rosea, and was sent to us by our obliging correspon-
dent, Mr. W. Thompson, of Ipswich, who likewise
furnishes the following information as to its cultiva-
tion in this climate : —

" The plant has been treated as a half-hardy plant,
but will probably succeed with the treatment afforded

Fig. 108. — tuidax bicoloh var. rosea : annual : flowers rosy-lilac.

the order Compositre, which constitute, perhaps,
20 per cent, of the flowering plants of North Mexico.
The present plant, however, is not a novelty to
botanists, but a rediscovery of a species originally
collected by Dr. Wislizenus, and described by Dr.
A. Gray about forty years ago in the Plant<e Fcnd-

It inhabits stony hills near Chihuahua, is of annual
duration and dwarf habit, with yellow and red or
pink flower-heads ; but the colour of the rays appears
to vary from pink to purple.

Mr. Pringle collected Tridax bicolor in 1885, and

hardy annuals if not sown too early. It forms a
much branched tuft, from 12 to 15 inches in height
and as much in breadth, each stem and branchlet being
terminated by a flower-head from 1 J to nearly 2 inches
across, with a yellow disc, and a ray of from fifteen
to eighteen rather broad three-toothed florets of a
pleasing rose colour. Tlie involucral scales and
flower-heads in a partially developed stage are of a
deep crimson hue. The foliage is somewhat trian-
gular in form at the base of the plant, where the
leaves are about 2 inches in length and half as
much in breadth; they are strongly nen'ed, and

have their margins widely toothed ; the upper leaves
become gi-adually narrower and smaller, and are
mostly quite entire.

" The plant would seem to have a robust constitu-
tion, and blooms profusely from July until quite the
close of summer. The specimens sent are taken
from plants partially exhausted by seeding, but still
covered with undeveloped buds, which will prolong
its season until winter arrives.

" Tlie typical plant, as described by Dr. Asa Gray
in Plautie FcndleriancB, has white rays, but the pre-
sent variety is referred to it by the venerable Ame-
rican botanist, to whom the writer had the gratifi-
cation of showing it recently at Kcw. The genus is
closely allied to the older Galinsoga, of which one
species, G. trilobata, was formerly cultivated."

MILTON VINERIES.

EocHARis A3IAZ0NICA. — " Comc and see our batch of
Eucharis in bloom," was the invitation received from
Messrs. Elsdon & Co., The "Vineries, Jlilton, near
Cambridge. A surprise awaited me. I have seen many
pieces of Eucharis, but never before did I see such a
glorious sight. A length of 35 feet by 4 feet a mass of
bloom, with excellent foliage ! And yet I did not
see them at their best, as twelve do/.en blooms had
been cut the previous day, and in my presence
another fifteen dozen. Yet though this quantity was
removed, as many more could have been had. This
must, indeed, prove a profitable bed, as the blooms
are now selling at 5s. to Os. per dozen. Grown in
pots, not plunged, in sizes from No. 8 down to 24's,
the latter having four or five spikes of bloom of
from five to seven blooms ; of the larger pots some
have twelve spikes, but when cut there is no differ-
ence in size of the flowers. This bed has been
photographed ; but I fear the photograph will not
convey a correct idea of the grand sight. Bottom-
heat and liberal feeding in the shape of top-dressings
form an important part of the treatment. It is
not the new soil, for the majority have not been
potted for two years. Liquid guano or ammonia is
used as they begin throwing up the flower-spikes,
and really dry treatment is at any time carried into
practice; but the plants are kept gently growing,
and tliree crops of bloom in one year are obtained
from these plants. The bed, though full, was not
overcrowded, the large pots being placed two across the
bed in the first row, iind then one in the next, and
so on— the smaller pots being filled up in proportion.
The Eucharis will always commend itself to the
gardener, and also to the market grower, by the
lasting quality of the blooms after being cut. Given
n spray of Adiantum cuneatum to back a bloom,
and tlien you have as good a buttonhole, or ladies'
spray, as can be desired, tis there is no fear of droop-
ing or falling off. How delicious the perfume, too !
To crow and keep the Eucharis in health no coddling
is required. As I have noted, these blooms are being
cut daily, yet I should think that for three or four
weeks to come there will still be sufficient to repay
the trouble of a visit to the place. The plants in
the cold end are only just now slowly opening their
blossoms. Delicate as these flowers look Mr. Elsdon
tells me smoke fumigation in moderation will not
hurt them.

I also took the opportunity of looking at the Grape-
houses. On entering the long range a very imposing
sight is presented. The first division is devoted to
Alicante and Lady Downe's, and the house (180 feet
long) is quite black with Grapes from bottom to top.
Alicante is doing so well that Lady Downe's are A
failure in comparison. On the Alicante I counted
generally from twenty to thirty bunches, weighing
about as many pounds, and on some of the vigorous
rods 40 lb. were growing. What I was pleased to
see was the splendid condition of the wood for next
Year, colour of fruit good, well finished, even to the
reddish fruit-stalk. Some few bunches would touch
4 lb., but such sized bunches as this are not much
sought after. In one comer is a good Gros Maroc,
with only forty bunches on it, but the berries are

554

THE GJIiDENERS' CUB ONI CLE.

[N^OVEMBEn 6, 1881

good and well finished, and certainly tlie flavour is
not bad. The flavour of this Grape constitutes a
nice change from that of the Black Hamburgh.

The next divivison is of the same length, and is a
mi.\ed house. I always take it that these mi.xtures
are a true test of what Grape is at home— here,
unhesitatingly, it is the Alicante, which was
really better than in the preceding house. Gros
Colmar, which occupies about a fourth of the house,
had some very well finished fruit, especially at the
bottom. Evidently the extreme heat of the sun
does not suit this variety, the foliage being very scant,
and especially was this the case about the middle
of the rod. Gros Maroc here, again, is good. What
struck me particularly, was seeing side by side, under
same treatment, Alicante the very picture of health
and strength, twenty bunches weighing over 30 lb. at
least, and Gros Colmar with ]>erhaps the same
number of bunches, but only half the weight. The
moral is very evident — Gros Colmar must have its
own treatment. Gros Colmar and Muscats thrive
together: this is a fact to be remembered.

We now come to a span-house 190 feet long, and
here Lady Downe's were very good, growing in com-
pany with Alicante, which was still the best, and
Gros Colmar much better than in the lean-to :
another wrinkle, for which I have always contended.
The whole of the main crop of Grapes is well
finished, and had been nicely thinned ; and as the
rainfall for this district averages for the year
20 inches, Grapes should keep well ; indeed, I am
sure that they would Last longer on the Vines here
than they do with me. I came away with the strong
impression that, however much they may agree in
some localities, here Alicante and Lady Dowue's will
not do together, that is, planted alternately — the first-
named being evidently a robber at the root, yet the Lady
Downe's does not show its weakness in either wood
or foliage, but only in the Grapes themselves. For
all practical purposes a span-house or division can
have one side planted with Alicante, and the other
with Lady Uowne's, and odd varieties can be planted
in corners with advantage. These " corner men," as
I call them, if successful, can be extended later on.
Muscats can be so grown at the warm end of the house,
without a division, and it is my opinion that much
could be done in this direction. That Gros Maroc
is well tliought of here may be judged by the fact
that a whole span, 190 feet long, has been planted
with this variety. Another such house is planted
with Gros Colmar and Muscats on one side, while
on the other is Gros Colmar and Madresfield Court —
all fruiting well, considering that they are last year's
planting.

There is a large stork of pot 'Vines gi-own here,
and Alicante, with gorgeously tinted foliage, is now
a lovely sight. Madresfield Court is also pretty in
foliage at present, while Gros Colmar and Gros
Maroc will succeed later. Already some 500 Vines
have been sent away, yet on all sides Vines in pots,
both young and also fruiting canes, are to be seen.

Cyclamens, of wtiich some 6000 are grown, repre-
sent a breadth of fine, healthy, robust plants. This
has been a very trying season for the culture of these
plants; yet, coming into the house suddenly, I could
not fail to notice liow beautiful these would look
if in bloom. Grown, however, for sale, they are
daily being thinned out. The strain is very choice.
1 counted from fifty to seventy blooms throwing up
on a plant.

Of the Ivy-leaved Pelargonium a good supply is
grown, Madame Thibaut and Louis Thibaut being the
favourite varieties in this section. Venus is thought
a great deal of as an early white among zonals, of
which section 6000 plants are grown. The thought
naturally arises, what becomes of all these plants ?

A house filled with 500 pots of Niphetos Rose in
bud is a good sight ; this flower is always useful
for cutting, or the plants can easily be sold ; but
I must specially mention Safrano, now full of
buds in a condition that I have never before seen
equalled ; the plants had only just been brought in-
doors. Rose Sunset was also in a very promising
condition,

The old Dracccna terminalis is grown extensively,
and this intermixed with Cordyline indivisa forms a
very efl^ective group. Ceroxylon niveum, I should
tliink, is a very desirable foliage plant, very distinct
in growtl), and useful for decorating.

The sight of the mass of the soft green foliage of
Adi.intum cuneatum seen on one side of an 85 feet
span-house is very refreshing. Adiantum Pacotii
is also grown extensively as small plants. Doryop-
teris palmat.i, grown here, is coming into favour
again, and so it ought to do, for it is a very effective
ornamental I'ern of merit. Bouvardias naturally
occupy a prominent place, and of these llumboldti is
perhaps the most useful.

Of early Chrysanthemums, Madame Desgrange,
for small pot-work and early cutting, stands unri-
valled. Other kinds are here in profusion. Ladd's
Queen of the Whites Improved is spoken of very
highly, but as I did not see it in flower I am still
content with Queen of the Belgians. Candidissima
is preferred in the doubles for autumn and winter
cutting, thougli La Cygne is in fine form — flowers
purer white, and pips finer. Stephen Cast/c, West
Lynn. ^==,,,,=^^^

BUDS ON ORCHID ROOTS.

At the Orchid Exhibition ami Conference held at
the Royal Horticultural Society's Gaidens on Jlay 12
and 13, 1885, a plant of Phalainopsis Stuartiana was
shown, on which three buds or young plants were
observed growing from the roots that were clinging
round the basket in which the mother plant was
well established. This was a great novelty, and
many of the curious were continually to be seen
gathered round the plant to see for themselves so
unusual an occurrence. At the Conference a com-
munication from Professor Reichenbach was read
on " Proliferous Roots in Orchids." This was very
interesting, inasmuch as several similar instances
were given, showing plainly that the Phalicnopsis
then exhibited was not altogether an unprecedented
case, still it was sufficiently rare to set many
thinking, and the wonder is, that since then little
or nothing has been said or written on this inter-
esting subject.

How long a time has elapsed since the Orchid
family first broke away from its original form, and
how many changes have taken place in the ever-
advancing and developing process, it would be most
difficult to estimate. That a continuous progression
has ever been going on, probably few [now] are dis-
posed to question. Whether the terrestrial form was
the earlier, and whether it always assumed the same
state and condition which it now presents is even
open to doubt. Still it is probable that amongst
the true earth-Orchids less alteration of form, more
especially in the roots and stems, has taken place
than amongst many epiphytes.

In a work on orchidaceous plants, written by
Francis Bauer, and published in 1838, there is a
lengthy and very interesting introduction by the late
Dr. Lindley. Several statemeuts are there made
which I venture to think may assist us in some
degree in understanding the peculiar disposition of
some genera to form young plants on healthy aerial
roots. Quoting from this introduction it is stated
that—" The roots of Orchids are of the following
kinds:— 1. Annual slender fibres, simple or branched,
of a succulent nature, incapable of extension and
burrowing under ground, as in the genus Orchis.
2. Annual fleshy tubercules, round or oblong, simple
or divided, as in the various species of the same
genus ; tubercules of this kind always have a bud at
their extremity, and may be considered the principal
inferior prolongation of the axis. 3. Fleshy, simple,
or branched perennial bodies ; and 4. Perennial
round shoots, simple or a little branched, capable
of extension, protruded from the stem, adapted to
or adhering to other bodies, and formed of a woody
and vascular axis, covered with cellular tissue,
of which the sub-cutaneous layer is often
green , and composed of large reticulated cells.
The points of these roots are usually green, but

sometimes red or yellow." In regard to the stems
the following sentences also appear : — " The stem is
formed in its most simple state in the terrestrial
Ophrydea?, where it is only a growing point sur-
rounded by scales and constituting a leaf-bud when
at rest, which eventually grows into a secondary
stem or branch, on whicli leaves and flowers are
developed. This kind of stem usually forms every
year a lateral bud with a tubercule root, at its lower
end, and having unfolded its leaves and ripened its
fruit perishes, to be succeeded by the stem belonging
to the lateral bud previously prepared." In a descrip-
tion of the pseudobulbs so common to many epiphytal
forms we read, " Such pseudobulbs are entirely an-
alogous to the scaly bud formed upon the end of a
tubercular root of an Ophrydea and the rhizoma in
like manner is of the same nature as the runner that
connects the old tubercule with the new one in such
a plant." Further on it says: — "'The formation of
tubercules and terminal buds, or of creeping rhizo-
mata and pseudobulbs, is the most common
tendency of the order. When such plants
as Dendrobium Pierardl or D. nobile grow very
fast in an atmosphere which suits them, their
stems will frequently branch, when the new shoots
will throw out new roots in abundance from the
base. In such cases the original branches are
equivalent to the rhizoma of tlie pseudobulboua
species, and the secondary branches to the pseudo-
bulbs themselves."

From the foregoing extracts it will be admitted
that in many genera and species there is a dis-
position to produce growing buds from many ap-
parently unlikely places. As an instance, take a
bulb of Calanthe VeitchiiX ; this maybe cut up
into almost as many pieces as a Potato set, and if
carefully managed may be depended upon to produce
a new bulb from each portion. In this case the old
part would seem to take upon it the fimction of the
tubercule, as described under the second section of
the roots, and the new gi"owth in a short time
becomes the true pseudobulb, until it in its turn may
have to pass through the same ordeal. It is very
seldom that a rhizome is formed in the Calanthe
genus.

Still if the bulbs are allowed to make long
growths in the spring before they are repotted, espe-
cially if they have been laid in pans or boxes
under stages, &c., the bunch of roots push away
from the further extremity ; by this means a rhizome
is formed between the bulbs. The same thing may
be observed in many of these stout fleshy species,
such as Mormodes, Catasetum, Cyrtopodium, &c.
From the top of several of the Odontoglossums
young plants will be formed occasionally. Dendro-
biuras will do so very readily. Epidendrums also
show the same peculiarity.

Again, in Phalienopsis Ludderaanuiana younjf
plants are freely produced at the end of the flower-
spike ; in this case the old flower-stem would seem
to become a rhizome, and a terminal bud being
formed at the tip, it will start into leaf growth as
soon as the flowers are passed away or taken off.
Oncidium abortivum will assume similar peculiari-
ties, but in this case, after a considerable length of
spike has been found, a new growth will appear ere
any flowers have been produced.

The illustrations have been prompted by the fact
that a short time ago, when visiting the Holme Island,
Grange-over-Sands, the gardener.Mr. J. TuUet, showed
me a plant of Phalrenopsis Stuartiana, on which three
young plants had recently appeared, growing upon a
stout fleshy root clinging to the cylinder in which the
plant was growing. Findingthese plants did not succeed
well at Howick, the roots quickly becoming encrusted
with a limey deposit from the hard water there used,
Mr. Wrigley sent them to the island, and in a short
time the plant in question produced these young
plants. These little varieties have leaves a half to
1 inch long ; one had already rooted, and probably
by this time the other two will be seeking their own
sustenance. Strange to say, the three have appeared
on one root, which, by some means or other, is now
severed from the plant, the gardener assuring me it

iJ'oVEMBEn 6, 1887.]

THE GAliDENEnS' CltnONICLE.

555

has not been cut away. I can only imagine tliat tlie
root may have been bruised at some recent date, and
now the young plants have appeared the injured part
has given way altogether, and so the connection with
the main plant has been broken. We hiive already
noticed flower-spikes becoming true rhizomes ; it
would now appear that in the case of Phalmnopsis
the roots can assume either the rhizomatic form or
revert to the original state, as described already, and
become tubercular, with growth-bnds upon them.
JK. Swan, Preston.

[Those who read German may consult with profit
Professor Pfitzer's work on the Morphology of Orchids,
reviewed at length in our columns, n. s., vol. xiv., p.
750, and vol. xvii., p. 341. Ed.]

TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.

The past season was, in Kent, a very unfavour-
able one to the growth and (lowering of these summer
bedders. Our plants at the planting time — the
second week of June — were sturdy, and in proper
condition. The beds had been heavily manured with
good rotten farmyard manure, deeply dug, so that
provided the season had been favourable, the plants
would have flowered much earlier ; owing, however,
to the protracted drought and scorching sun, they
made but little growth. It was not until several
weeks elapsed, and we had obtained the greatly needed
rain, that the plants put forth foliage and fllled up
the beds. From thence until cut down with the frost
the plants with their abuudant crop of blooms were
greatly admired by all who saw them. The method
adopted to keep up our .annual stock of 1600 is, about
the middle of February, to sow our first pinch of seed,
which, for bedding purposes, consists of four distinct
varieties, viz., deep crimson, rose, pink, and white.
The latter, however, never seems to do so well as the
others.

Seed Sowing.

The different seeds are collected from plants
potted and grown indoors expressly for seeding pur-
poses. It is almost needless to say how freely the
Begonia seeds, and what a surprisingly large quan-
tity can be obtained from a few plants during the
season, if carefully collected at intervals of a few days,
as the seed-bearing pods become a little brown. The
seed-vessels siiould be spread on clean paper in flower
saucers, and the saucers placed on a shelf in the green-
house, to dry a little before sealing it up. Clean well
drained pans should be filled up to within a quarter
of an inch of the rim with a mixture of rather coarse
soil, consisting of sandy loam, peat, or leaf-mould
and sand ; should, however, leaf-mould be used, it is
of considerable importance that it be not too rotten
and free from little worms, which by-and-bye, when the
seed is sown, are sure to cause a good deal of mis-
chief by working the surface-soil loose. The pans,
having been filled with the compost (which must be
pressed moderately firm), should receive a gentle
watering with tepid water a short time prior to sow-
ing the seeds, which should be sown evenly over the
surface. This liaving been done the seed is gently
pressed in with a clean smooth dry piece of board or
the bottom of a flower-pot. I always make it a
practice to sprinkle very sparingly a little dry sand
over the pan after the seed is sown ; the quantity
must, however, be very small indeed, or the seed
will be buried too deeply. No watering is given,
the amount of moisture in the soil being fully suffi-
cient for a time. The pans are covered over with
squares of glass shaded with paper and placed in a
temperature of 55° to 60°. The seed being quite
new the young plants soon make their appearance,
the shading is then removed, and the squares of glass
tilted up somewhat. If, however, the weather be
bright the pans must again be shaded, for the seed-
lings in this early stage of growth are very suscep-
tible to injury. After the plants are well above the
soil a little dry sand run amongst them will prevent
them suff'ering from damj), and as soon as they are
large enough they must be pricked off into a fresh
pan, using for this purpose the same kind of compost
as that in which they were sown.

The plants being so very small, any del.ay in prick-
ing off after they are lit to Iiandle results in loss from
damping off, more especially in early sowings. As
soon as the plants have grown into a nice size, they
must be emptied into small pots, or put into cutting
boxes. These are somewhat differently prepared,
both as regards soil and drainage. The boxes being
made clean, a few large pieces of crocks are placed
at the bottom, about 2 inches of spent Mushroom
dung is then placed above these, and a compost con-
taining a liberal mi.xture of the same in preference to
either leaf-mould or peat. In this the plants will soon
grow to a good size, and should in May be gradually
hardened off before being planted in the beds or the
reserve garden. The plants generally flower well the
first year, and form capital tubers for the next year.
During the summer it is well to mark a few of the
best for gi'owing in another year as seed-bearers.

WlNTEniNG THE TcEEES.

Our method of wintering the tubers is, as soon as
the frosts have destroyed their be.auty, to cut down
the plants to within 2 inches of the ground, and
lift the tubers with a moderate ball of soil attached to
each and take them to a Peach-house to dry the tubers
before storing them. This process should not be
hurried, as generally wlien cut off by frost the plants
are in full sap, and it is of considerable importance
not to allow the bulbs to become shrivelled. As
soon as the remainder of the top parts freely
from the tubers the soil should be care-
fully removed, and the tubers placed in boxes
in the following manner : — At the bottom of the box
place about an inch of moderately dry leaf-mould,
on which place a layer of tubers, barely touching
each other, then more leaf soil, and so on, until the
boxes are filled. Each box should be filled with
tubers of the same size, or thereabouts, and be placed
in a cellar where frost cannot reach them. By this
mode of storing we lose scarcely one in a himdred.
Tlie starting of the tubers is left to Nature, and as
soon as signs of growth are observed we plant them
out 4 inclics apart in frames. The frame receives a
good coating of dry leaves all over the bottom, then
about 6 inches of ordinary soil. The plants are not
subjected to other heat than that of the sun by keep-
ing the frames close, .and slightly syringed early in the
afternoon. The plants under this treatment grow very
sturdy, and become better adapted for bedding-out
purposes than those that are coddled. The beds, as
previously stated, are deeply dug, heavily manured,
and the plants during the growing season receive
several waterings of fiirrnyard drainage-water.
H. Marl-ham, Mercworth Castle, Maidstone.

Fruit Register.

APPLE MANCHESTER BEAUTY.
I DO not know whether this is a merely local name
or not, but it represents an Api)le I saw growing in
one of the orchards of Messrs. W. W. Johnson & Son,
seed-growers, &c., of Boston. The fruit is small, of
good shape, and of a brilliant flame-red colour ;
borne with marvellous profusion on the branches,
which, whether because of its natural style of growth
or its free fruiting property, are distinctly pendent.
The clusters of fi-uit were something astonishing,
and I could not help thinking now that it is a cus-
tom to lavishly decorate churches and chapels with
fruits, &c., on the occasion of Harvest Festivals, how
well branches of this Apple were adapted for the
purpose. A note should be made of it for shrubbery
planting, for its fruit would be a charming sight in
September and October. It bears a good crop every
year, but each alternate year it produces a heavy
crop like that I saw on this occasion.

Whinham's iNDusTnv Gooseheeev.
When recently in Lincolnshire I heard an excel-
lent account of this Gooseberry, and I was informed
that the market-growers were planting it somewhat
largely ; and those who grow Gooseberries for sale
were increasing their stock of it as rapidly as pos-
sible. Its characteristics are — vigorous upright
growth and productiveness, and, in addition to these
qualifications as a market- variety, it is said to bloom
late, thus reducing the danger of being injured by

frosts, and afterwards swelling off so quickly as to
reach a suitable size for pulling green sooner than
any otiier variety. The ripened fruit is dark red in
colour, hairy, with a pleasant rich flavour. It pro-
mises to become a very popular market Gooseberry.
R.D.

Fair Maggie Peak.
Our attention was recently arrested by two large
old Pear trees near Mr. Welsh's house, Liberton
Mains, Midlothian, which were laden with hand-
somely formed fruits of medium size. They proved
to be the variety above named, which is greatly
valued by gardeners and orchardists on the Clyde.
The most remarkable point about the trees was,
that having been persistently unfruitful for years, it
was resolved two years ago to lop off the branches,
and graft them with scions of Fair Maggie. The
result has been most satisfactory, as may be con-
ceived when it is stated that one requires to get
under the trees before he can persuade himself, by
seeing the old limbs high over his head, that such an
extreme surgical operation had been so recently per-
formed. The trees each bore a crop of fruit of from
two to three bushels. W. 8.

Roses.

PLANTING TIME.

The month of October is noted for its falling
leaves, and thick as those in Valombrosa comes the
shower of Rose catalogues, appealing alike to those
who have Roses and those who have none. The
grower, more or less experienced, looks askance per-
haps at them, to see what is said about New Roses.
He basso often been " bitten," has so often expended
his " bawbees " on worthless rubbish, that he listens
suspiciously to the Circe who would wheedle him on
to the rocks where he and his companions have
ofttimes before made shipwreck of their hopes ;
he becomes wary as a curlew, and I do not think
expects or needs the sympathy of any one. To such a
one I have already indicated where I think he may,
without risk, venture his stakes ; but should he be
disappointed by-and-bye, do not let him lay the burden
on me. Those which have for the last two years proved
themselves fairly good he will now add to his stock ;
the newer ones he will probably allow others to buy
before he ventures on them.

But there are many persons who, having seen
some of the beauties at the Rose shows, and become
enamoured of their charms, have determined to add
a rosery to their garden, and who are, therefore,
anxious for some little information as to how they
are to proceed. First of .all, I would say, avoid
standard Roses— they .are not things of beauty, and
certainly not joys for ever ; the severe weather we
have now and then experienced of late years has
made sad havoc amongst them, and it is very ques-
tionable if stocks are what they used to be. I heard
a very experienced grower state the other day that it
was so — that the " Brier men " had ransacked all the
hedgerows, and that now they had to go into the
plantations ; hence the Briers were not nearly so good,
being softer and more drawn. But, at any rate, the
Rose growers now mainly discard them, although
there lingers still the superstition (is it one ?) that a
maiden bloom on a Brier is as yet unequalled.

If not standards, then, of course, dwarfs ; but then
which dwarfs ? There are now three kinds of stock used
for budding — the Manetti, the seedling Brier, and
the Brier cutting. Each of these has its advocates,
but I think, unless on very light soil, Roses on the
Manetti had better not be used. If the soil is natur-
ally good it sends such vigour into the stock that
it overpowers the Rose. I believe that every year
the seedling Brier and Brier cutting are becoming
more used, as they are suitable for all kinds and all
soils, the Manetti being fir Tea Roses generally, an
unsuitable stock. There is this other advantage,
to the beginner — all dwarf budded Roses are apt
to send up suckers or underground shoots, and in
the case of the Manetti these are so very like in their

556

THE GA BDENER S' CEI? ONI CL E.

[NoTOMBEE 5, 1887.

foliage to tlie Rose tliat they are often allowed to
grow on — the novice imagining he has got a fine
strong plant, but all the same wondering very
much why he gets no flowers, until at last some
visitor to his garden undeceives him. But in the case
of the Brier the difference between the foliage of the
stock and the Rose is so decided that mistakes of
this kind cannot possibly occur.

There are two rules with regard to procuring Roses
which, if possible, ought to be followed ; one is, if you
have got a nurseryman near home on whom you can
depend, get your Roses there ; the advantages of this
is obvious, for even if you cannot go to the nursery
and see your Roses lifted (which is doubtless the
best plan), you can insure their being but a short time
out of the ground, instead of being perhaps a couple of
days or more on their travels ; the second is, never
get your Roses from a climate better than your own.
Thus, if you are living in the North of England it
would seem to me to be a very unwise thing to pro-
cure Roses from a mild climate, where they have
been growing in great luxuriance and bring them to
where they would have to face the bitter cold of the
Midland Counties or of the North, Common sense
will, I think, teach us that plants which have been
used to certain conditions of soil and climate will
thrive better in similar places than plants which have
been grown under entirely different conditions.

Having procured your plants, the manner of plant-
ing becomes the next consideration. Provided that
you have a good subsoil, it is well to trench the
ground where they are to go ; but it is worse than
useless to bring up a quantity of cold and unkind
stuff to the surface, as one often sees done. I would
never advise the digging in of any manure at the
time of planting ; it is much better that this should
be applied afterwards in the shape of mulching,
leaving the roots only the sweet soil to push them-
selves into. The best soil for Roses is, as we all
know, a deep gi-easy loam, stiff, but not clayey, and
where this is not the natural soil of the garden, care
ought to be taken to ameliorate it as much as pos-
sible. In many places good turfy loam from a
pasture can be procured, and when this has been
well rotted it makes an excellent addition to soil
which is naturally light ; if, however, this is scarce,
a more economical plan must be adopted, and when
the hole is made for planting tlie Rose a couple of
shovelfuls of loam should be placed in it. In
planting them care must be taken to plant suf-
ficiently deep to ensure the place of union
between the scion and the stock to be beneath
the surface, and then by-and-bye the Rose itself
will emit roots, and the plant have a double source
of supply, and, in fact, becomes a Rose on its own
roots .

Firmness in planting is an essential matter;
the Rose likes a good solid soil, such as the Straw-
berry delights in, and, in fact, where the one can be
grown well, the otlier is pretty sure to succeed. The
roots should be evenly distributed round the space
where the Rose is planted, a couple of shovelfuls of
soil placed on this, and then pressed down, when
more soil may be added, and the space filled in ; if
there are any very long shoots, they had better be short-
ened a little, so as not to give so much power to the
wind ; and each plant should be staked, as it is very
injurious to them to be swayed about by the wind
during the winter. After the bushes have been all
planted, the beds should be allowed to remain for a
couple of weeks to settle, and then they should
be mulched with good manure, which has been lying
up in a heap for the purpose — that from pigstyes is
the best, for the Rose is a coarse and strong
feeder ; the next best to this is cow-manure, and
where neither of these is procurable, stable-dung
must be used. My plan is to leave it on the beds all
the winter; by tliis means the best of the manure is
washed into the soil, and then in the spring I rake
off any littery stuff there may be, and gently fork
in the remainder. Where Roses are grown mainly
for exhibition it may be necessary to adopt other
plans. I have in these directions only had in my
mind the ordinary grower, whose ambition does not

go the length of competing for prizes, but who is
satisfied with the adornment of his own garden.

I should imagine from all that I have seen and
heard tliat the wood is thoroughly ripened this
autumn, and this will give a great advantage to those
about to plant. Where the shoots are " lishy," and
full of watery sap, the plants, should frost come
upon them, are sure to suffer loss ; but where the
w'ood is well hardened it is surprising to see
how much they will stand ; and assuredly, after tiie
long-continued drought of the season, they ought to
be as " hard as nails." Wild Rose.

CA.SCADE DU LAC DES MINIMES
IX BOIS DE VINCENNES.
In landscape of the artificial kind nothing, as a
rule, is found so difficult of true realisation in all its
component parts as the treatment of water, either
with the adjuncts of rocks as margins, or arranged
as waterfalls, caves, cliffs, and the like. So lugu-
brious are the abounding examples of bad taste in
design and execution in our own country that we
think good service will be done by placing before our
readers one of the masterpieces of the art found in the
neighbourhood of the French capital. French land-
scape gardeners have long been famous for the beauty
and naturalness of their designs in rockeries and water
scenery, as any who have visited tl>e Bois de
Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes, and the Buttes
Chaumont must acknowledge. Some of the work
carried out in our country during the last thirty
years may claim to rank with some of the best of
French efforts, especially in regard to true imitation
of Nature, but too often it is Nature in the rough
without gracefulness.

The rocks at Battersea Park are good imitations,
yet no pleasure is derived from looking at them,
because the masses are too large and not sufficiently
diversified, and plants are employed to lend their
charms which are permitted to overgrow the rocks
and hide what ought to be more seen.

Some other good examples are seen at Highnam
Court, Gloucester, and at Bearwood, Berkshire ; in both
of these the rock gardens are of great extent, and
much diversified, as well as being toned down by age.
The particular scene depicted in fig. 109 — and for
which we are indebted to M. Rothschild, the publisher
of tlie magnificent work on the Parks of Paris — is that
of a number of dripping-stones, by the margin of a
rocky pool, the effects being heightened by the growth
of mosses, reeds, Irises, and a background of de-
deciduous trees.

" THE FLORA EXOTICA," ETC.

I HAVE had the pleasure of inspecting this
large book of well-finished drawings of garden
flowers now in the Department of Botany, Natural
History Museum, South Kensington, and which had
been specially prepared for Count Klevenfeld. The
drawings have evidently been made with great care,
and are not only interesting but instructive, as
showing what the various garden flowers were like
at the date the volume was prepared, viz., 1720. It
cannot be supposed that any of them were British
raised, .as none of them have English names. In
that case a comparison could not be fairly made with
either the past or present condition of our Carnations
and Picotees and those pourtrayed in the Flora
Erotica.

Taking the garden flowers in their order as
arranged in the book, we have first to deal with the
Hyacinth. Holland has always been, as it is now,
the home of the Hyacinth, and the garden forms of
Hyacinthus orientalis were not known in England
until the end of the sixteenth century. On p. 100 of
John Gerard's Historic of Plants a form of it is
figured with three flowers only on a truss ; and on
the next page the author sivys : — " There is come unto
us from beyond the seas divers other sorts, whose
figures are not extant with us," and he mentions one
with pui'ple flowers, and another with white. The
date is 1.507. Parkinson, at p. 121 of the Paradism,

published in 1(J5G, gives a plate of six varieties, two
of them double flowered, the flowers few in number
and far apart on the stalks.

When Philip Miller published his Dictionary in
1732 the Hyacinth had become very popular in
Britain, and Miller was of opinion that the Hyacinth
could not only be raised from seeds, but cultivated
out-of-doors quite as successfully as it could be grown
in Holland. This he proved by practical demonstra-
tion in the Chelsea Botanic Garden. And he further
says, as a confirmation of this, " By letters which I
have lately received from my worthy and ingenious
friend, James Justice, Esq., near Edinburgh, he hath
succeeded so well in the management of these flowers
as to equal any of the Dutch florists." This gentle-
man not only grew his flowers well, but raised seed-
lings of great merit. One, named the Royal British
Star, produced a stem 20 inches high, on which were
twenty-three double flowers, arranged in pyramidal
order, " of an extraordinary white colour on the upper
part of the petals, but the lower part or centre
of the flower of a very deep violet colour." Mr.
Justice had raised his fine seedling about the time
the Hyacinths were figured in the Flora E.votica, and
we will see how this variety compares with the best
of the double forms gi-own in Count Klevenfeld's
garden.

The best of the double varieties figured is Wapen
von Alomxer ; the flowers are twenty in number, of a
pale blue colour, and loosely set on the spike. Some
other varieties with double flowers have but ten on a
spike. A handsome variety with large very double
flowers much like Lord Wellington both in colour
and other respects, had fifteen flowers on a spike ; its
name is Konig von Gros Britanien. The recently
introduced double varieties are much superior to any
here figured ; but by far the greatest progress has
been made with the single varieties. Those figured
are very poor in the form of the spikes. One of the
best of them is Passe Tout ; it is represented with a
short but fairly compact spike of rose-coloured
flowers, but their number is only twenty-two. Brit-
tenar major, rose, has but fourteen flowers, forming
a very thin spike indeed. Other single varieties have
very poor spikes, composed of from fifteen to sixteen
flowers — Julius CoBsar and Agathe are the best of
them. There are, in all, thirty-five varieties, single
and double

Fritillarias are placed in a very prominent posi-
tion, there iire thirty of them, all, with one or two
exceptions, being varieties of the common chequered
Fritillary. The white variety is not amongst them,
but they have evidently been selected carefully from
seedling varieties. The form of some of the flowers
is perhaps more symmetrical than the wild forms, if
that might be considered an improvement, and one
might almost suppose that the petals are of greater
substance. The best of them are Glorieuse, beauti-
fully chequered yellow and ros^'-red ; Merveilleuse,
purplish-rose and brownish-yellow ; Rex Negros,
crimson chequered ; Gronen Ridder and Viperino,
yellow externally, internally reddish-brown ; Belle
Silvia, clear yellow, spotted ; Cupido, distinct yellow,
internally a rich yellow ; Thalia, violet self Pro-
bably F. Moggridgei, or some other species, had been
used to hybridise with. I crossed this species with
F. pyrenaica, and we have the produce flowering in
our rock garden.

The Auricula seems to have been a favourite
garden flower in those days as now, and occupies an
important place in the work. There are forty-one
varieties figured, and by far tlie largest proportion of
them are striped through from the paste to the edge,
the groundwork is mostly yellow ; the stripes being
of various shades of red and rose colours. The paste
in all cases is very thin ; in no case is it sufficient to
cover tlie surface of the petal. The outer margins
of the petals are jagged and uneven. One or two
have an approach to green on the edge, but there is
no body colour. These resemble the varieties we
grow as fancies, and furnish rather conclusive proof
that these fancies produced by us from the best edged
varieties are merely a reversion to the original type.
P. L. Diamand is the best illustration of a greenish
edged fancy ; the segments of the petal are much

NOVEMBEE 5, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

557

pointed. The foliage is long, narrow, and peculiarly
serrated; there is no green foliage; it is more or
less sprinkled with meal. There is a really good
j-ellow self named Theseus ; it has the best formed
flowers, good paste, and a well-defined yellow margin.

William Triumphant has a prominent position : it
has large showy crimson flowers, with a narrow
centre slightly dusted with meal. It must have been
received with wonder and admiration.

Konig Der Moren (the nearest approach to what
we call dark selfs) is as rich in colour aa Horner's
Heroine, but the petals are deeply notched, and the
paste thin.

Violet Rose is a good representative of the pecu-
liarly striped varieties — violet-rose flakes alternate
with bright yellow ; these are very distinct and
striking. It is also noteworthy that most of them
have the stigma protruding from the corolla tube.

feathered and flamed flowers now in cultivation.
There is not one tliat can be classed with rose
and scarlet feathered and flamed varieties. There
is one reddish-purple, feathered byblcemen: it is
named Archeveque de Canterbury, and is the nearest
to our feathered Tulips of any in the collection.
The most perfectly formed Tulip is another bybla^-
men with a purplish flame, on pure white ground ; it
is named Baguet ^Esculapius. The colours of the
bizarres are very rich scarlet and crimson, on a deep
yellow ground, but the form of the flowers in most
cases is very poor, the petals narrow and pointed ;
they are all of the flamed type, but have not the
essential " beam " in the centre of the petals. The
markings are those of ^'an Iluysum's pictures. The
best bizarres are Bellissimo Brone, deep yellow,
reddisli flame ; Bysard de Ilaen, clear rich yellow,
crimson flame ; Admiral de Moor, rosy-red on

Admiral Trompe, light red ; Ora Kubicunda is a
striking variety, reddish-purple edge, well formed
petals ; Roman, heavy red ; Cardinal Mazarin, heavy
red ; Non plus Belle, heavy red. The last three are
remarkably bright in colour.

The nearest approach to a bizarre Carnation of
the present day is Feu d'Amour — it is scarlet,
maroon, and white — a well formed flower, with
slightly fringed petals. Illustre Conquerant is
another good scarlet bizarre; Favorite is a purple
bizarre, but it seems to be passing into the Picotee
stage — the flowers are much fringed ; Aimable might
pass for a pink and purple bizarre. Cultivators of
these flowers at the present day would best under-
staud what they are like, when I say that at an ex-
hibition they would all have to be shown as fancies.
J. Douglas. [We are indebted to the courtesy of the
ofticers of the Botanical Department for the oppor-
tunity of inspecting this valuable collection of
drawings. Ed.]

Fig. 1C9.— cascade in the bois de tikcennes, paicis. (see p. 556.)

Anemones are well represented. One or two single
varieties are given ; all the others are perfectly
double, rich and varied in colour — crimson, scarlet,
rose of many shades, violet, violet-purple, &c. ; in
fact a collection of the finest named varieties now in
caltivation would scarcely equal them.

The Ranunculus is also well represented ; but
there are not such perfectly double symmetrically
formed flowers as those we used to cultivate tiiirty
years ago, nor is there such variety of colour. There
are large semi-double yellow and cream-coloured
varieties. Turban d'Or is very striking: it is of
good form, crimson, with yellow stripes. A very
double variety is of a clear rose colour. Some of
these smaller double varieties had been obtained
by the Rev. Carey Tyso, of Wallingford, who worked
continuously on this flower, and brought it to the
very acme of perfection.

Tulips are quite a study in themselves, and it is
easy to trace in the forty bizarres and eleven bybloe-
mens represented the rudiments of the beautiful

yellow ; Ambassador Royal, scarlet and rich
yellow.

Picotees and Carnations have been treated
with the greatest care. The greatest number
should be classed as Picotees — forty-six out of
sixty, but in some cases the one merges into
the other. Carnations are termed bizarres in
some instances, but they have no resemblance what-
ever to the bizarres now in cultivation, and which
have been cultivated in England for more than a
hundred years. All the flowers, whether Picotees or
Carnations, are very deeply fringed, and the edge of
the petals of the former, instead of being margined
as they are now, with an almost solid band of colour,
have it margined with irregularly formed bars. The
modern variety, Janira (Nye), which has a buflf
ground colour, is margined exactly in the same
manner as the majority of these forty-six varieties
under consideration. There is one with a light purple
edge named Memorable ; while Due de Marlebourg
is a heavy rose ; Monstrosa rouge, very bright heavy
red, flowers small ; Merveille du Monde, light rose ;

Cultural Memoranda.

THE SEA HOLLY (ERTNGIUM MARI-
TIMUM).

This can hardly be overpraised as an ornamental
plant, and it is to be regretted that it does not more
frequently find a place on our rockworks and in our
borders. To cultivate it we would advise the follow-
ing method of planting : — Dig out a pit about 3 feet
in depth and a couple of feet wide, and fill it up with
a mixture composed largely of sea-sand and with
just a pinch of loam, and in this insert the Eryngium.
The large and beautifully cut leaves of the most
unusual shade of silvery-green and dense heads of
bracted flowers render this plant as ornamental as
it is curious and interesting. A. D. Webster.

ClNEKAEIAS.

These gay flowering plants should be grown as
long as they can be kept in health without the aid of

558

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[November 5, 1887.

fire-heat, two things to be guarded against being
frost and damp in excess. Tlie first may be ex-
cluded from cold pits by putting sufficient coverings
on the glass and around the sides, but the latter
cannot be dispelled without sunshine or fire-heat.
As a rule, frosty nights are preceded and followed by
sunshiny days, which give opportunity to draw the
lights off the pits, or to tilt them up, so that the
foliage of the plants may be aired ; otherwise an
attack of mildew would ensue. Bearing this in mind
no water should be carelessly spilt in the pit when
watering the plants. The plants should not be stood
too closely together in the pit, otherwise they will
make a weakly growth. Weak liquid manure should
be afforded them alternately with Clearwater. Should
aphis put in an appearance on the plants the pit or
house should be lightly fumigated with tobacco-paper
two evenings in succession, admitting fresh air more
freely than usual the succeeding days, weather per-
mitting.

Lily of the Vallet.
As soon as the crowns or clumps can be obtained
from the nursery potting in 48 and 32-sized pots
should commence, using light sandy mould for the
purpose. Six or seven crowns placed in a 48 will
in due time come in very useful for small vases and
other decorative purposes, as will the clumps whicli
are potted into the larger pots, in addition to sup-
plying flowers for cutting. When potted the pots
should be put into a cold pit, and covered over with
sifted leaf-mould to a depth of 6 inches. After they
have been iu this position two or three weeks a few
pots should be brought into heat, plunging them into
leaf-mould in a Mushroom-house or in a deep box
filled with the same material and placed over the
pipes, or in a warm corner in the stove, until the
flower-spikes attain to a height of 2 inches. When
they have reached this stage of growth the pots
should be washed and stood near the glass in an
intermediate-house, placing a sufficiently large pot
over each for a few days, tilting the pots up a little
a day or two before removing them altogether. Thus
treated every crown containing the germ of a flower
will push into growth. If supplies of weak liquid
manure be given at the roots when water is con-
sidered necessary, it will enable the plants to develope
finer spikes of flower than would otherwise be
lecured. H. W. W.

The Tubeeose (Poltanthes tuderosa).

I am often informed by gardeners who call on me
that there is still some uncertainty and doubt as
to the best method of cultivating this popular
plant, and that failures in its cultivation are not
infrequent.

As the system I adopt is simple, one which any-
one may easily carry out, and by the adoption of
which for some years I have scarcely ever failed
in getting flowers from every bulb, and at almost
any time in the course of the year they may be
wanted, my practice may be woitli detailing for the
benefit of those who have not succeeded with the
plant as they would wish to do.

The stock is bought as early in January as pos-
sible, aud the variety grown is American Pearl. A
number of bulbs is at once potted, three bulbs in a
5 or 6-inch pot, according to size. As soon as
])otted, the pots are planted in brisk bottom-heat,
about 80°, where they remain until growth is well
on tile move, and by which time the roots also will
be at work, and will soon have filled the pots. If
flowers are wanted as soon as they can be had, the
plants may remain in this heat until they flower, which
they should do early in March ; but if only a portion
of the number placed early in heat is required thus
early in flower, the remainder, after growth has com-
menced, and after the pots are well filled with roots,
may be removed to cooler quarters, there to re-
main until they flower naturally, or a few may be
introduced into heat, to supply a succession of bloom
as may be desired.

The next batch is potted about the end of March,
and treated in the same manner as the flrst. The last
batch is potted towards the end of June, and these are

started only in moderate heat. They come away much
faster at this time than they do early in the year.
As soon as growth (root and leaf) has made a safe
start, the plants are placed in a nortli aspect house
for the purpose of retarding their growth and keep-
ing the flowers back from October to Christmas.
Where enormous quantities are grown for cutting
purposes for market they may be more economically
grown in strong shallow boxes, 4i- or 5 inches deep ;
planted thickly and firmly in these they come away
just as freely as they do in pots.

I have had no experience with growing them out-
of-doors, but I have no doubt whatever but that they
can be well grown in tliis way, provided they are first
started in pots and then planted out about the end
of May on a rich warm border.

Tliose wishing to make handsome specimen plants
of them may do so by first potting a number of fine
bulbs singly in 4-inch pots, starting them as recom-
mended above, and immediately it is possible to
perceive which are likely to be the strongest and
best spikes, select these and plant them thickly into
a pan or pot the size you wish, and replace in mode-
rate warmth until the roots have taken to the new
soil, afterwards remove into a cooler qnarter, and
bring tliera on according to the time yoa wish them
to bloom in.

The soil I find to suit them consists of one-half
good sound loam, one-quarter dry cow manure silted,
one-quarter leaf-soil, and a small bit of charcoal.
They should be potted firmly, and when well rooted
and growing freely the blooms will be much finer
with the application of an occasional dose of liquid
manure ; but while the plants are kept in reserve in
a cool house they must have careful attention as to
watering, or their roots will be liable to perish. The
most important item in connection with the success-
ful growth of this plant is to keep the soil absolutely
dry while in heat until a plentiful quantitv of roots
has been foimed. 0. T.. C.

Plant Notes,

VERONICA ANDERSONI VARIEGATA.

We saw this plant the other day used in a verv
effective manner as an edging to a flower-bed. It had
been kejrt pinched back early in the season to induce
new growth, and the plants were kept down either
by cutting or loose pegging ; the effect was all that
could be desired, making a pretty natural variegated
band.

The type of this variety, we are told, was
raised by J. Anderson, Esq., of Maryfield, Edin-
burgh, in 1848, between V. salicifolia fertilised with
speciosa, aud the present plant is exactly inter-
mediate both in form, colour, and habit of growth.
Both the type aud the variety make charming green-
house plants for autumn flowering, the long flower-
spikes opening purple, and changing to white. It is
also very effective planted out in the conservatory,
and few plants give such fine results as these if
carefully tended. It is not hardy in the open, but
cuttings taken off in early autumn make nice little
plants for the following spring, if kept in green-
house temperature. D.

Passiflora Raddiana,
I think this, better known in gardens as P.
kermesina, is one of the most charming of the
stove Passion-flowers, and it is so well adapted for
covering the inside roof of a stove because, as com-
pared with other species, it makes a spare growth,
and yet flowers very freely. It seems to be almost
always in bloom, and if it may be said to be out of
flower it is during mid-winter. A flower well de-
serves inspection ; it is a remarkable combination of
beauty aud singular formation. S. V.

Ieis eeticolata.
Mr. Wolley Dod's experience with this bulbous
Iris appears to be a very common oue, especially in

heavy soils, as we have heard many complaints
about this unfortunate disease. In our own col-
lection, where special soil of a light sandy nature
was prepared for them, and to which had been added
a large proportion of vegetable matter, the result
was little better than your correspondent related a
short time ago. This failure was, however, attri-
buted to the presence of leaf-soil, and last year pure
loam and coarse sand in equal proportion were placed
in the bed, with a satisfactory result so far, only
two out of some 120 bulbs being at all affected.
Whether this be the secret or no, I do not think it
judicious to give bulbs of a somewhat delicate con-
stitution any decaying vegetable matter whatso-
ever. S.

B (ENNINGHACSENIA albifloha.
This is the very long name of a very pretty hardy
plant, which has been prevented this year from open-
ing its elegant feathery pinicles of ])ure white
flowers, as the frost came too soon for it. It gener-
ally, however, flowers here all through October under
a south wall. The leaves, which are as neat as the
flowers, are shaped like those of a Maidenhair Fern,
but iu their glaucous colour and their smell resemble
those of Rue. One regrets that it could not be kept
as Ruta, the genus to which it was formerly joined,
as it was described as Ruta japonica by Sieber, and
as R. albiflora by Wallich, and figured under the
latter name in Loddiges' Cabinet, tab. 1352. It is
described in Hooker's Flora of India, vol. i., p. 486,
as a native of the temperate Himalayas. I first
had it from Sir W. Bowman's garden at Jold-
wynds, in Surrey, where it is quite hardy in the
open border. It would perhaps be more generally
cultivated if it had a shorter name. C. Wolley
Dod, Eilge Halt.

A New Yellow Delphisium.
Among the novelties offered this season by Mr.
Ernest Benary, of Erfurt, Germany, is a new yellow
Delphinium, n.imed Zalil. The introduction of this
novelty is due to the efforts of Dr. Aitchison, member
of the Afghan Boundary Commission, who sent seed of
it to England. It passed into tlie hands of Mr. Benary,
through Mr. Max Leichtlin, of Baden-Baden, who
thus describes it: — " The plant resembles in general
appearance D. ajacis; dark green and finely laciniated
leaves cover the lower part of the main stem, which
early developes several branches, and each of them
bears a spike of flowers 8 to 16 inches in length ; the
individual flowers are somewhat larger than a shilling,
and of the fluest shade of sulphur -yellow. As they
expand almost simultaneously from the base to tiie
summit of the spike, the beauty of this very attrac-
tive species is seen to full advantage. It flowers from
May until August. D. Zalil was sown in February
in pans, in a light soil ; the seedlings were pricked off
once, and planted out in the open ground in April.
Equally favourable results would probably be
obtained by sowing in April in the open ground ;
care must, however, be taken that the soil contains
no fresh manure. This is the only really handsome
yellow flowered Delphinium known to me, and all
lovers of perennials will certainly hasten to add it to
their collections."

New Yellow Self Carnation Ge
It will be remembered that on the occasion of the
July exhibition of the National Carnation and Picotee
Society Mr. Ernest Benary, of Erfurt, exhibited
blooms of a very fine and promising yellow self
Carnation, which was provisionally named Ernest
Benary, Tliis fine variety now bears the name of
Germania, and is in course of distribution by Mr.
Benary, both in the form of seeds and plants. If. D.

Aster Formosa lonqifolia.
To-day, November 1, the above is in beautiful
bloom, and to all appearance will continue in flower
for another month. It is a dwarf variety, resembling
A. bessarabicus, and is a much later bloomer, and the
flowers are smaller, but more i)rofusely borne. I
first saw it in bloom in Mr. Edward Holmes' nursery,
near Lichfield. Asler.

NOVEMBBB 5, 1887.]

THE OARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

559

The Flower Garden.

Beodinq Areanoements. — The present style
of spring gardening is rapidly making way for
something more striking and lasting, and which
is urgently called for. The results obtained
by filling beds with Daisies, Violas, hardy annuals,
perennials, &c., cannot be called satisfactory if
the experiences of the past two seasons be taken.
The plants scarcely get into full bloom when they
have to be lifted and transferred to the reserve
garden, to make way for the summer occupants.
Again, it may be asked if the few weeks in which
the plants remain in flower compensate sufficiently
for the amount of labour entailed in rearing and
tending so many plants, especially when a dry
summer intervenes, such as the last, and with
dwindling labour and poor water supply?

In looking over the various subjects amongst
hardy evergreen trees and shrubs which might be
made available for the adornment of the flower-beds,
there is no lack of material for the making of effec-
tive groups, many of which might with advantage
take the place of Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, &c.,
and which, by judicious pruning, could easily be kept
within proper limits. For instance, a gi-onp of
Thuiopsis or Retinospora might occupy the centre of
one bed, while another might be centred by pyramidal
Hollies, a third might have as a centre a group of
Juniperus, and so on. An undergrowth of Hyperi-
cnra, bands of Aucuba, Laurustinus, Box, Rhododen-
drons, Euonymus, Kalmias, &c., would add variety
and colour. Groups of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus,
Daffodils, &c., might be effectively arranged in
the foreground, while the beds could be edged
with Ivies, Aubrietia, Daisies, Gentians, Saxifragas,
and any other hardy subjects suitable for the pur-
pose. If those groups of hardy evergreen trees and
shrubs were allowed to remain permanently. Lilies,
Gladioli, Lobelias, Salvias, Phlo.xes, &c., could be in-
troduced, and the background supplied by the ever-
greens would show these flowering subjects oft' to
greater advantage than is the case in beds and
borders. This style of planting would be equally
suitable for a small garden or a large one, as the
plants can be had of any size. It would alike suit
a geometrical garden as it would any other ; most of
the subjects mentioned could be easily reared by
cuttings and layers, and a young stock could be con-
stantly kept on the way to take the place of those
which outgrow the prescribed limits, while these
could be transferred to the shrubberies and woods.

Bulbs, Plants, and Corms. — The sooner all bulbs
and plants intended for early spring flowering are
now got into their winter quarters the better, so as
to enable the plants to become established before
severe weather sets in. Where spring bedding is
not carried out, and where the beds are in immediate
proximity to the windows of the mansion, objection
is often made to large surfaces of bare earth re-
maining exposed to view for months. This can
in a great measure be remedied by sticking the beds
full of the trimmings of Laurel, Yew, Aucuba, Holly,
Ivy, and any other evergreen subjects at command.
These can be so arranged as to make a very pretty
bed. Where, however, it can be carried out, the beds
should receive a good dressing of well decomposed
manure and leaf-mould. The soil should then be
thrown into rough ridges for the winter ; a neat,
smooth margin of 4 to 6 inches in breadth round the
ridging will imp.art to bedding a smart appearance.
If lawns are any way rough the mowing-machine
should be run over them, in order to facilitate the
sweeping of le.aves. Walks should be weeded, swept,
and well rolled, to m.ake them smooth and hard.

Tender Bedders.
All bedding plants should now be securely housed
for the winter, and, if available, a shelf should be
allotted to such subjects as Coleus, Iresine, and
Alternantheras, in a warm pit close to the glass,
as they are better when kept growing a little all
througli the winter months. Tropoeoluras, Ager-
atums. Petunias, Mesembryanthemums, Heliotropes,
Pelargoniums, &c., should be placed on shelves close
to the glass in any structures which are frost-proof.
Verbenas will winter successfully in a cold pit, and
produce better cuttings than if wintered in the dry
atmosphere of a house. The watering of bedding
plants during the dull montlis must be judiciously
carried out. I believe there are more plants lost
through an injudicious system of watering than from
all the other causes put together. Each individual
pan, pot, or box, containing plants, should be

examined, and if dry lifted from the shelf and
tlioroughly watered, left to drain, and replaced.
Choose'a clear, sunny day for the purpose, and let
watering be done as soon in the day as practicable,
William M. ISaillic, Luton Hoo.

Plants and Their Culture.

Plants in Blossom fob Cdttinq: Edchabis
AMizoNicA.— At no time are these more appreciated
than during the winter months. Our plants, par-
ticulars of which have been given in former notes,
have now numerous flower-spikes, and have the
promise of more. We have given them a brisk moist
temperature since they were shaken out and repotted
in tlie spring, and assistance from liquid manure as
soon as their roots had well permeated the soil. It
is evident from their present satisfactory condition
that the best thing to do with plants that are sicken-
in" from the ellects of a pasty soil, or from then-
bulbs being too deeply embedded, is to wash away
all the soil from the roots and repot, using fresh
compost. Bouvardias, which are here grown in
quantity, are now in full blossom. Varieties
are now very numerous, and we have of singles
— Humboldtii corymbiflora, umbellata alba, u.
carnea, distinct and free ; Vreelandii, Hogarth ;
and of doubles— Alfred Neuener, President Gar-
field, Victor Lemoine, and Sang Lorraine. Of
the two last-named Sang Lorraine produces the
finest trusses and largest individual blossoms. To
the above we shall add Elegans and Da/.zler, both
bright scarlets. Our spring and summer treatment
has been previously described. No visible check was
given the plants by liftng them, owing to a moist warm
temperature being maintained until fresh roots were
formed; and throughout the flowering season we give
sufficient wamth to keep the plants in a growing
state— more than this not being necessary, in fact the
blossoms are not enduring if produced in a high
temperature, and the blossoming period is also
shortened.

In order to keep up a supply of blossoms upon
double zonal Pelargoniums, the plants must be
kept growing in a light warm house, and have some
assistance afforded them in the form of manure, and
the trusses of bloom must be shielded from moisture
or their centres and pips will decay. A great pro-
portion of the Chrysanthemums are fast coming into
good bloom, and the blooms should be guarded from
frost and damp by the use of sufiicient fire-heat,
plenty of air being admitted on favourable occasions.
We grow our plants, for decoration and cutting, in
the bush form, in 12-inch pots, and each plant is
allowed to produce from nine to twenty blossoms.
These flowers are not up to exhibitor's standard in
point of size, but they are very beautiful. The
roomy houses used in the summer for fruit trees in
pots are capital structures in which to bloom the
plants. Thomas Coomier, Hendre, Monmouthshire.

badly broken ones, and shorten back the points of all
the other roots, much or little, in accordance with
their length and strength. Incisions should also be
made about the base of the individual Vines, and
longitudinally on the strongest and somewhat bare
roots, to encourage the emission of feeders, and for
the same reason the latter should be slightly covered
with sand, then with 6 inches thick of the mixture
forming the border; this having been done, give the
whole sufficient tepid water to settle the soil about
the roots, and then lay on 3 inches thick of horse-
droppings, or short rotten dung, as a surface-dressing,
and over this, if the border be an outside one, a
thickness of 18 inches of Oak or Chestnut leave.",
which should be covered with long stable-dung to
prevent them from being blown about. Any Vines
so treated should be shaded heavily at first from sun-
shine, to assist in keeping the foliage fresh until the
roots have pushed into the new soil; and to further this
object the Vines should be syringed, more or less,
twice a-day, until it is seen that root-action his
taken place. These Vines should not be forced next
year, but be allowed to start into growth naturallv,
about the end of March or early in April, and if
managed with ordinary skill during the various stages
of growth, from the disbudding of the shoots to the
thinning of the bunches, &c., they will be capable of
ripening a better crop of Grapes than they did the
previous year. But the Vines should be cropped
lightly notwithstanding, //. W. Ward, Longford
Castle, Salisbiiri/.

Fruits Under Glass.

Renovatino Vines : Late Vaeieties. — Vines
which have not yielded satisfactory crops during the
last year or two should, as soon as the bunches are
cut, be examined at the roots, to ascertain the
cause. But before proceeding with this operation a
sufficient quantity of suitable soil (see Gardeners'
Chronicle for the 15th ult., p. 473) for carrying out
the work should be prepared, so that the process of
lifting and replanting the roots may be performed as
expeditiously as possible. The lifting of the Vine
roots should then be proceeded with by carefully
removing the soil with steel forks and shovels, taking
care to inflict no injury to the roots. The roots of
the Vines during the doing of the work should be
tied separately togetlier, in a damp mat, to keep them
fresh and uninjured while the old worn-out soil is
being removed down to the drainage at the bottom.
Should the drainage be found defective it should be
re-arranged, and covered with a layer of turf, grass-
side down. As the soil will subside some 5 or 6
inches within as many weeks from the time of plant-
ing, allowance to that extent should be made in
forming tiie border.

The replanting of the Vines should be proceeded
with in the following manner :— Untie the roots and
spread them out regularly over the surface of the
border, at the same time cutting off any bruised or

The Kitchen Garden.

AsPARAGOs Beds. — These should now be cleaned
from weeds and put in order for the winter, first
removing the steins of the Asparagus by cutting
them off close to tlie ground. Beds that are to be
top-dressed with rotten manure should be attended
to now ; a portion of the surface soil should be re-
moved and the manure laid on to the depth of from
2 to 3 inches, covering the manure with the removed
soil. Each bed should be marked out and accurately
defined by having a strong stake driven into the
ground at the corners, and from these the line should
be stretched lengthways, and the sides, having been
previously made firm, level, and even, chopped down
with the spade, the alleys raked, and the whole left
smooth and even. Plants intended to be lifted for
forcing are best lelt as they are, simply taking the
precaution to cover a portion of them with a few
inches of bracken or litter for convenience of lifting
in case of frost.

For forcing the above a pit or frame can be pre-
pared : one with sufficient heating capacity to main-
tain a bottom-heat of 80° and a top-heat of about
60° will be suitable. Where bottom-heat from hot-
water pipes is not available fermenting materials
should be prepared beforehand, by being thrown
together into a heap and occasionally turned, so as
to allow the rank steam and heat to pass ott' before
use. In preparing the bed for the reception of the
clumps it should, if possible, be so constructed and
arranged that when finally planted the surface of
the soil will be within 1 to 2 feet of the glass.

Rhubarb and Seakak. — Roots of these can be lifted
and started in heat for first supplies. A steady
bottom-heat, as for Asparagus, will be necessary, all
light being excluded. In each case a portion of the
straggling fleshy roots can be removed and trimmed
off, fn order to economise space, and also to allow
of the crowns being placed thickly and regularly in
their respective positions. In planting fine soil
should be used, made firm, and covering all but the
crowns. For a time, and until the young growths
have started, no water will be required. To promote
and encourage growth a covering of dry sweet leaves,
from 6 to 8 inches in depth, should be placed over
the crowns, removing them immediately growth
commences.

Salads.— VoX into gentle heat a portion of the
potted-up roots of Spearmint, Tarragon and Sorrel,
also into cold frames, for protection, pots or boxes
of Parslev, Chervil and the like, and protect from
severe weather either with cold portable frames or
some other temporary arrangement, a good breadth
of Parsley. Single rows may also be afforded con-
siderable shelter by placing thin deal boards length-
ways and resting on stakes driven into the gi-ound in
a slanting direction and open to the south. Prepare
for salading Mustard and Cress, \vhich must now be
raised in heat, also bleached Endive, Chicory and
Lettuces, John Austen, Witlcy Court Gardens,

560

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NoVEMBEH 5, 1887.

STTBSCRIBEKS TO

'T'HE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE

-* who e.fperieiice any dijficidiy in obtaininff
their Copies reyularhj, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (i7i cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint ).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellinyton Street,
Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

TUESDAY,
WEDNESDAY,

MEETINGS.

t Roval Horticultural Society : Couii-
Nov. 8-J oil, Scientific, mid Fruit nnj

( Floral Committees.
Nov. 9 — Royal Microscopical Society.

ch).

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 9

FRn).iy,

SATURDAY,

WEDNESDAY, Nov.

THURSDAY, No

FRIDAY,

SATITRDAY,

National Clirysanthemum, Aacot,
Bath, Cornwall Polytechnic,
Southgate, and Bromley District
(t«o days each) ; and Croydou,
Weston-super-Mare, and Market
Harborough.

Dawlish, and Walton-on-Thame.s
(one day) ; and Ipswich, Weald
of Kent, and Portsmouth (two

( Hitchiu (one day) ; Wellingborough,
1 .; Canterbury, Street, Lewisham,

( and Huddersfleld (two days).
^ 1 Leicester and Leicestershire (cou-
" \ tinued on Monday).

SALES.

/At Mr. C. Noble's Nurseries, Sun-
j niugdale Station, Nursery Slock,
by Mr. J. C. Stevens (three days).
Nursery Stock, at the Penge Nur-
r / sery, Penge, by Protheroe &
I Morris (two days).
Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
\ Rooms.

ilium pardalinum and others,
Cypripedium spectnbile, Dutch
Bulbn, &c., at Sttneus' Rooms,
ilium auratum. Lily of the Valley,
Tuberose, Narcissi, and Roses, at
\ Protheroe & Morris" Rooms.
Clearance of Nursery Stock, Green-
house Plants, and Utensils, at
Laing's Nursery, Twickenham, by
\ Protheroe Sc Morris (two days).
( Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border
■J Plants, Dutch Bulbs, &c., at
I Stevens' Rooms.

I Imported Orchids, from Mr. G. T.
White; Lilium auratum from
.Tapan, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
Nursery Stock, at The American
Nurseries, Leytonstone, by Pro-
theroe & Morris (two days).
V . , , ( Imported and Established Orchids,
'*°^' i at Protheroe & Morris' Booms.

/ Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
\ Rooms.
Nov. 12< Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border
j Plants. Bulbs, &c., at Stevens'
'. Rooms.

It is little matter for surprise that
Hybrid some of our forefathers should

have objected to hybridisation, as
entailing, in some ca.ses at least, terrible con-
fusion and bewildering alterations of structure.
How all the pretty little paper schemes of classi-
fication were upset by it — how all the morpholo-
gical proprieties were violated as a consequence
of its practice ! All this was at one time felt
keenly. But we have entered upon another era.
We recognise that the truth does not lie in our
own nicely devised systems as such ; it is the
plants that tell the truth, not our systems ; and so
now-a-days we welcome what our forefathers
abhorred. Uur imperfect systems of classification
are made to show their imperfections, while at
the same time, the deeper and wider knowledge
we gain of the limits and nature of structural
changes points the way to the apprehension of
a more perfect natural sy.stem, one to which, per-
chance, in its fulness we shall never attain ;

but in the attempt to understand which, each
step tells and leads the way to fuller knowledge.
As to the practical advantages of hybridisation
there is no need to insist upon them in these
columns, and even the general public will not be
slow to appreciate them when they realise that
the brilliant tuberous Begonias of the present
day are among the many triumphs of the
hybridiser's art.

It is no wonder that our florists should have
endeavoured to effect a cross between the decid-
uous leaved tuberous Begonias and the evergreen
fibrous-rooted species. Some of the latter are
winter-flowering, and if this propensity could be
instilled into the tuberous section what a pros-
spect for our greenhouses in the dull months !
Among those who have been working in this
direction are Messrs. Cannell, of Swanley. So
far they ha\'e not obtained anything very remark-
able from the florist's point of view, but

FlQ. 110.— ABXORMAL BEGONIA.

having made a decided beginning, there is
no telling how far they may be enabled
to go. In the meantime we may call
attention to one very remarkable change
brought about in the hybridisation of a form
of B. serapervirens and one of the tuberous
section, shown by Messrs. Cannell at
South Kensington in the course of the autumn.
The changes effected consisted mainly in the im-
perfect or abortive condition of the male flowers,
and the much greater relative size of the female
blossoms. The habits of the plants was partly
intermediate in character, but, as we learn from
Messrs. Cannell, no trace of tubers has yet
been seen. The particular flower selected for
illustration (fig. 110) deserves special note. Of
the hundreds of eccentric Bt-gonias that have
passed under our ken we remember nothing like
this one. As will be seen from the sketch, the
flower was laid down on the lines of a female
blossom, but the ovaries, instead of being what
is technically called inferior, were here, partly at

least, superior ; moreover, they were open at the
base, and showed a multitude of exposed ovules.
In all this there is nothing novel ; many double
or semi-double Begonias show similar changes ;
the special point resides in the appearance
of a tuft of perfectly formed stamens within and
between the two carpels. A more topsy-turvey
violation of morphological sequence can hardly
be met with. Sepals, petals, stamens, carpels —
that is the recognised order when all the parts
are present from the outside to the centre of the
flower ; but here we have a flower, that is usually
unisexual, becoming structurally hermaphrodite.
AVe have carpels that are normally closed, so that
their contents are concealed, gaping apart to dis-
close the oNules, while in the very centre of the
flower, within and between the divergent carpels,
are the stamens ! some of which stamens, as it
appeared to us, occupied the place of ovules, and
were indeed substitutes for them. What next,
Messrs. Cannell ? A summary of the changes
which take place in double flowered Begonias
was given in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1882, ii.,
p. 262, with illustrations.

A GOOD book on the history of
croar'de^ng. gardening would be a veritable

boon to many engaged in the pur-
suit of horticulture. It should be exact enough
to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the
student, sufficiently full of detail to be valuable
as a work of reference, while its literary construc-
tion should be such as to attract the general
reader, and neither weary him by its dulness nor
repel him by itstechnicalities. Johnson's History
of Gardening was published so long ago that it
is difticult to reconcile that fact with the circum-
stance that it is only twelve months ago th.atwehad
to chronicle the death of the genial and learned co-
editor of the Journal of Horticulture. Johnson's
book is an admirable one, but it is rarely to be had
in the second-hand bookstalls. A book recently
published, entitled Gleanings in Old Garden Liti-
rature,' is sufficiently described by its title. It
is a book of "gleanings and in no sense a history,
nor even a historical essay. The author has pre-
ferred to glean rather than to reap — to pick up
scraps rather than to select with judgment. The
critic, however, has no right to complain of the
author for his method of procedure, however much
he may regret an opportunity missed. As it is,
Mr. Hazlitt has produced a book which many
will be glad to fall in with on a wet day, when
other occupation fails ; and this is, perhaps, as
much as the author intended. A chapter of
preliminaries tells us how Coleridge, Charles
Lamb, Evelyn, Temple and A\'alpole took
pleasure in gardens, and then we are introduced
to a personage much less widely known, in the
shape of General Lambert, a Cromwellian
General, whose passion for gardening was
satirised by the representation of the General on
the eight of hearts bearing a Tulip in his right
hand, with " Lambert, Kt. of ye Golden Tulip,"
inscribed beneath. This will, we expect, be an
unfamiliar allusion to most of our gardener
readers, and as such will be welcome.

The author soon, however, drops back into the
old routine, taking us back to the Garden of
Eden — about which so much more has been
written than is known, while that terribly
hackneyed quotation from Bacon, repeated
so often as to prove the very reverse of
a " refreshment to the spirits of man," is
duly brought upon the scene. If, indeed,
Mr. Hazliti's book were to be considered as a
history, it would, as the French say, leave much
to be desired, and not a little to be corrected ; it
is for its unfamiliar quotations and extracts that

By w. Cahew

November 5, 1887.]

THE GAB DENE RS' GERONIGLE.

561

the little volume will be valued. We have
already given one illustration of this ; another
may be found in the mention of a poem entitled
"John the Gardener," wi-itten in the fourteenth
century, and contained in the Library of Trinity
College, Cambridge. A brief account of this
book would have been of great interest.

A chapter on Elizabethan gardening introduces

the author calls attention to a physio garden
founded at Venice in 1334 by the surgeon,
CiAi'LTiEiii, which must have been the most
ancient in Europe. The kitchen garden next
comes under review, but demands no special
mention here. A brief enumeration of note-
worthy gardens near London (of which further
details are given in an appendix) is interesting,

to Gerard, and in the very next paragraph we are
passed on to John, Duke of Bedford, and the
Woburn publications ! Arbours and grottos form
the subject of the ensuing chapter, window-
gardening and various disconnected matters fill
another. With reference to the love of window-
gardening the following story is told, which,
though not unfamiliar, is worth re-telling : —

Fig. 111. — FRUITS of koeleeuteeia paniculata. (see p. 563.)

us to a " Perfect Platform of a Hop Garden " in
1.574, and then goes on to E\'elyn, who can
hardly be considered an Elizabethan writer !
Another chapter treats of Herbals, physic
gardens and bees. Here we read of Lord Zoi'Ch'.s
physic garden at Hackney in the reign of
James I., "the earliest thing of the kind in
England," and which was under the superintend-
ence of Matthew de L'Obel, in commemora-
tion of whom the Lobelia was named. In a note

the more so as the sites are now mostly occupied
by aggregations of bricks and mortar — miscalled
houses. It is curious to find mention of my
Lord Fauconeerg's garden at Sutton Court,
Arlington Garden, and of the garden of Sir
Stephen Fox, at Chiswick — all in proximity to
the ground now occupied by the garden of the
Royal Horticultural Society. From these notices
we pass by an abrupt transition — such as makes Mr.
Hazliit's volume very irritating to the reader —

" Some men'ymakers at a country inn, inquiring
of the landlady after the latest news, she tells them
of one of the greatest wonders that she ever saw or
heard of, and it was the work of a stranger in London
in respect to gardens and the preservation of flowers ;
and she had seen it, she averred, with lier own eyes ;
and it was the new art which this person taught the
citizens, of taking in their gardens every night at
their windows, and letting them out again in the
morning. They agi'eed to go up with mine hostess
to judge for themselves ; and the tale proceeds to re-
late that, after taking her friends through Cheapside

562

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBBB 5, 1887.

to thp Exchange, Westminster, London Bridge, tlie
top of St, Paul's, and the Bear Garden, tlieir con-
ductor eventually showed them, in a little lane, a
widow putting out of a garret-casement a box, in
which she arranged pots of Gillyflowers, Carnations,
and herbs."

Under warming apparatus Mr. Hazlitt may
care to be reminded of the primitive method
adopted in the Botanic Garden, Oxford, down to
80 recent a time as the end of the last or the be-
ginning of the present century, as fignred in our
pages in a previous volume. The ninth chapter
takes us back once more to Bacon as a gardener,
and notes briefly the numerous experiments per-
formed by that great antagonist of routine and
rule-of-thumb practice. A curious anticipation
of Heebeet Spexceu is quoted from B.vcoN, and
shows that the Elizabethan philosopher had
similar notions as to the movement of the sap
and its consequences as his successor in the Vic-
torian era ; — " A Tree at the first Rooting should
not be shaken until it hath taken Root fully ;
And therefore some have put two little Forkes
about the Bottome of their Trees to keep them
upright ; But after a yeare's rooting, then shaking
doth the Tree good, liy loosening of the Earthe,
and perhaps by exercising (as it were) and stir-
ring the Sap of the Tree."

Mr. Hazutt has done well to reproduce
nvimerous illustrations of Bacon's experiments
and reasonings. In many eases the reasonings
seem to be incorrect solely on account of
the language in which they are expressed. Put
into the language of modern vegetable physi-
ology, many things which seem to us absnrd may
be seen to be founded in truth. Herbs and
vegetables are treated of in the tenth chapter :
fruit trees, beer and wine in the succeeding
one ; forest trees and pruning naturally follow.
The author in this connection incidentally men-
tions the avenue of Sweet Chestnuts at Cowdray
Park, Midhurst, and goes on to say that it — the
Sweet Chestnut — " is only one of many edible
sorts," a statement that is certainly not correct.

A statement relating to Mosses and to
Hookeb's MicfOf/rciphia, oddly enough form the
last paragraph of this composite chapter, which
is succeeded by one on the flowers of the garden.
Incidentally, the author mentions that the Gorse
is unknown in climates similar to our own.
Where can the author have derived his infor-
mation ? Surely the name Ulex europreus should
have prevented him from falling into such a
blmider. Market produce and nurseries occupy
the next chapter, and then — hey presto ! — the
scene changes, and we are confronted again with
a chapter on Temple and Walpole. The last
chapter is devoted to a very incomplete Bib-
liography. The incompleteness might be par-
doned in a book of gleanings, but what are we to
say to an author who intimates that the Bo-
tanical Maffttzine was continued by Sir W. J.
Hooker to 1858, and then goes on to say that the
author, evidently meaning William CuiiTis,
" published a Cti«!^««(o« to the Magazine in 1788,
and that it (the Slagazine) was (sic) a periodical
which exercised a powerful influence on the
advancement of botany, &c." ? This extract is
only one of very many which show that the
author is very imperfectly acquainted with
the subject on which he writes; but when
the reader finds this out, or is made acquainted
with the fact, he will make the necessary allow-
ances, and find mut'h to interest and amuse him
in these pages.

We end, as we began, by hoping that some one
with the necessary technical knowledge will soon
undertake a new History of Gardening, and
while accomplishing it more methodically and

accurately than the present author has done, do
so with equal literary skill, so as to make as
agreeable a work as that which forms the stibject
of the present notice.

National Chrysanthemum Society.— The

usual autunm general meeting of members of this
Society took place at the " Old Four Swans," Bishops-
gate Street, on the evening of the 24th ult. Mr. R.
Ballantine, Vice-President, presided, and there
was a very full attendance of members. The
Secretary, Mr. W. Holmes, announced that tlie
sum of £72 ISs. 6d. had been paid as prize-
money awarded at the September exhibition
at the Royal Aquarium; also that twenty-two
silver and fifteen bronze medals had been applied for
by atHliated societies. Five new one-guinea Fellows
were announced, and forty-four new members were
elected, bringing the total up to 448. The subject
of giving a Lirger number of passes to subscribers was
raised, it being contended that the same liberality as
was shown to the subscribers to the National Auricula
and National Carnation andPicotee Societies should
be extended to members of the National Chrysan-
themum Society. Mr. Holmes stated in reply that
an agreement was entered into every year with the
manager of tlie Royal Aquarium, the company agree-
ing to give a certain amount towards the prize
schedule of each of the three exhibitions, accommo-
dation for the meetings of the Floral Committee,
and a free pass to all the exhibitions and meetings
of the Flor.il Committee to each subscriber. If the
Society issued other passes they would be in the form
of tickets, which they would have to purchase from
the Royal Aquarium Company. All Fellows— a
Fellow being a subscriber of one guinea per annum
— have two passes. Mr. Holmes also pointed out
that, while the Auricula and Carnation and Picotee
Societies held but one show, the Chrysanthemum
Society's passes gave admission to seven or eight
floral meetings. A hearty vote of thanks was passed
to Mr. Holmes for a letter which he had sent to the
Standard of October 22 in reference to the Chrysan-
themum and the National Society. The proceedings
closed with a vote of thanks to the Chairman.

A New Use for Rushes.— In olden times the

so-called pitli of Rushes was made use of universally
in the manufacture of candles. This state of things
has, however, passed away, and but little use is now
made of Rushes, except for the seats of chairs, coarse
mats, and similar purposes. Our French neigh-
bours have devised another means of utilising this
material, and which we bring to the notice of those
engaged in church decoration and other similar
purposes. Strolling through the quaint old market-
place at Calais lately, we observed wreaths and
bouquets of Box, intermingled with which were
small tufts and loops made of the " pith " of the
Rush. For any purpose where formality of arrange-
ment is not objectionable, this contrast of the deep
colour of the evergreens with the white of the Rush
is very effective.

Iowa Agricultural College.— An interest-
ing numbei- of the IliiUelin, dated November, 1886, has
lately reached us, giving an account of the work done
in the botanical department under the guidance of
Professor IIalsted. The pupils, it appears, are in-
structed in practical botany, and are made to dissect
and examine for themselves the construction of the
common weeds and cultivated plants, beginning with
the simplest and proceeding to the most complex.
Each student is expected to make a drawing of what
he sees ; occasionally written examinations are held.
In this way a practical knowledge is ensured, and
comparison made between different plants. In
addition, the students were encouraged to make and
record practical observations on the effect of drought
on grasses, the number and nature of weeds in a
square rod of ground, the average number and
dimensions of leaves on twigs of a given length of
different trees, the pollen of the Grape, Hazel, Scotch
Pine, and other plants, the structure of the common

pasture grasses, and many similar matters. By the
senior classes, experiments on the germination of
Peas, red Clover, Timothy (Phleum pratense),
Vegetable Marrows, and other plants, under various
conditions, were conducted, the results of which
are given in the publication before us, which is
remarkable as showing the practical nature of the
instruction conveyed, and the ingenuityand judgment
shown by the Professor in devising it.

Royal Microscopical Society.— The next

meeting of the above Society will be held on
Wednesday, November 9, when the following papers
will be read : — " Synopsis of the British Recent
Foraminifera," by Mr. 11. B. Be.idv, F.R.S. ; and
" Metamorphoses of Amoebai and Actinophrys," by
Mr. C. K. Beaumont,

Mr. Stevens' Chrysanthemums.— A corre-
spondent kindly informs us that these fine plants are
not grown in 12-iuch and 16-inch ]>ots, as was
stated in our note of last week, but in pots of
8^ and 10 inches — a much more praiseworthy feat.
It is alleged that this collection is one of the finest
in the country this season.

Floral Court Dresses.— a writer iu Tmiii

of the 3rd inst. says : — " I have been seeing some
miraculous Court dresses for the Empress of Japan
and her ladies, which are to be sent out next week to
Yeddo. They are to be worn at the flower tctes
which will come off in 1888. Each flower that
gives in spring, summer, and autumn the prevailing
flush of bloom to the Japanese groves and gardens
has its day. Instead of Easter, Whitsun Monday,
Michaelmas, &c., the Japs have Lilac Day, May-
bloom Day, Laburnum D.ay, Rose Day, and the cul-
minating festa is Chrysanthemum D.ay. The dresses
had worked into the ribbons, tabliers, and so on, the
flowers of the day on which they were to be worn. The
Empress and the ladies of honour, in point of floral
motifs, are to be in the same livery. The differences
showing the gradations of rank will be in the quality
and quantity of the trimming. TheLaburnum toilettes
must be miracles of gorgeousness and beauty, when
their wearers are to appear in them in the throne-room.
The Chrysanthemums are disposed of in separate
colours for the several dresses, or groups of dresses.
There will be a group of yellow, another of white,
another of violet, another of ruby, and another of
rose. The rosy ones are to belong to maids of
honour of the lowest grade, and Her Imperial
Majesty, as representing all ranks, will be gorgeous
iu Chrysanthemums of all colours. These flowers
are ' grown ' in Paris worksho])S. The taste with
which they are brought into Jioritiirc of ribbons, lace,
and hand embroidery is inconceivable. Japanese
ladies abhor the tailor-made style of dress. They
like bright fancies to be expressed in raiment,
and are fond of what is in keeping with mirthful
conversation."

Nurserymen and the Poor-rate. — The

committee appointed at the meeting held at the
Horticultural Club in June last, met under the
Presidency of Mr. H. J. ^■EITc^, at the offices of
the Nursery and Seed Trade Association (Limited),
on Monday last, to consider the advisability of
taking up a test case in lieu of appointing a depu-
tation to the President of the Local Government
Board as suggested at such meeting. The Secretary
of the Association reported, that since the last
meeting he had placed himself in communication
with nurserymen and market gardeners in various
parts of the country, with a view to ascertain their
opinions, and it was found that there was an almost
universal feeling on their part, that if the matter
were left to a deputation much valuable time would
be lost, as Parliament would not meet till probably
Febru.iry ne.xt. On the other htind, if a test case
were taken up, much might be done by that time
towards obtaining an authoritative decision on the
subject. It had been rumoured that it was in
contemplation to introduce an Act of Parlia-
ment next session dealing with the subject

NOVEMBEB 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

563

of assessments to the poor, and a member of
the committee suggested whether, under the
circumstances, it would not be the wisest course
to await the result ; but it was pointed out that if
that course were adopted nurserymen and others
would probably be passed over, and their interests
not considered, whereas, if the agitation were con-
tinued they would probably be consulted in the
framing of the Bill so to be introduced. Ultimately
it was unanimously decided that a test case should
be taken up and fought out. Several additions have
been made to the guarantee fund, but in order that
the expense may be distributed amongst as great a
number as possible, the Secretary stated he would
be glad to receive the names of any nurserymen or
market gardeners who were willing to contribute to
the fund. Jlr. Botcher, the solicitor to the Asso-
ciation, stated that the proper course would be to
appeal against an assessment to Quarter Sessions
and thence to the Queen's Bench, and the Secre-
tary having invited particulars of assessments to be
Bent in to him, so that the most flagrant case might
be selected, the meeting concluded.

Chrysanthemums at the Royal Exotic

Nursery, Chelsea.— The usual display is again
made in the Camellia-house, at the Fulham Road en-
trance. Among new varieties are several of Mr. Sal-
ter's raising, which have the promise of being good
flowers, if offering nothing new in colour ; and amongst
other new sports and varieties may be noted Janira,
a flower of the reflexed class, true magenta colour
and florets slightly turned from right to left. Melton,
18S7, is likely to be a good flower : the florets are
reflexed, and the tint that of copper ; Cheval de
Bronze is of the same hue on the upper part
of the florets, but fawn on the under ; William
Clarke, 1886, a salmon with lilac, is pleasing,
and William Stevens, same year, are worthy of a
place in collections. Two flne whites are seen in
Mrs. J. Wright and Madame Lacroix; Thibaut-
Keteleer, a rich brown Japanese variety, will become a
popular flower. In a fortnight, this choice collection
should be in full flower, when it will be possible to
adjudicate on the merits of several unnamed seed-
lings found in it.

Fernando NORONHA.— The members of the
expedition sent out to explore the small volcanic
island of Fernando Noronha, situated in the Atlantic
some 200 miles from the Brazilian coast, have just
returned, bringing with them abundant materials for
the illustration, not only of the zoology and botany,
but also of the physical structure of the island. The
expenses of the expedition were obtained from the fund
placed by the Government at the disposal of the Royal
Society for promoting scientific research. The direc-
tion of the expedition was in the hands of Mr. H. N.
Ridley, an officer in the Botanical Department of the
British Museum. His mission was greatly helped by
the facilities afforded by the Brazilian Government
at the instigation of the trustees of the British
Museum.

Notices o^f Books.

KOELREUTERIA PANICULATA.

The recent hot summer was favourable to the
development of many ]>lants which rarely complete
their full career in this country. Among them is
the subject of this note. Many years ago, in the
pages of Punch, an illustration was given of a very
small plant of this species in Kensington Gar-
dens, with a very big label setting forth that Koel-
reuteria paniculata, the paniculate Koelreuteria, was
a Sapindaceons tree, native of China, &c., on
which a little boy is supposed to ask his father why
so small a tree should have so long a name ? In
point of fact, this tree when properly grown is a
middle-sized tree, which would not improperly be
denoted by a large label. Its singularly divided
leaves and its handsome panicles of yellow flowers
render it very attractive, though it is comparatively
little known. We remember to have seen a portion
of the slopes of Windsor Castle all glorious with the
golden slieen of this tree. It is, moreover, quite
hardy, bears rough usage, and will do very well in
town gardens and squares, as we know by experience.
It is only comparatively rarely, however, that we
have known it to bear fruit, and as others may be in
like case, we submit the accompanying illustration
(fig. Ill, p. 661), which shows the fruit to be a
membranous capsule, opening by three valves to
liberate the seed.

Fresh Woods and Pastures New. By the

Author of Frank^s Ranchc. Sampson Low & Co.

These pleasantly written pages were, we are told,
originally written for the Fishing Ga:ette, where they
might well have been left, as there is little or nothing
in them which, to our thinking, is worthy of repro-
duction in more permanent book form. The author,
" a City man," details his experiences on sundry
fishing expeditions into the country, gossips about
the manner in which he occupied his time in farm-
houses, notes the manners and customs of birds,
beasts, and fishes, and generally evinces a feeling for
Nature the genuineness of which is proved by the
sympathy it evokes from the reader. Amongst other
things the writer sketches the procedure of a peacock
in going to roost, which does not tally at all with
our observation of another peacock, under like cir-
cumstances, which shows tliat there are peacocks and
peacocks. The bird we allude to instead of evincing
any " ludicrous indecision " about the matter, mar-
shalled his young family into their proper places, one
after another, on one bough, commanded his wife to
take her place beside them, and then, when he had
satisfied himself that the family were all in bed,
flew up himself straightway to a branch above the
one on which his belongings were perched. This
procedure was repeated evening after evening in pre-
cisely the same way, and with a regularity in point
of time comp.arable to that of the tides — a few
minutes earlier or later each day according to the
lapse of time. In speaking of hornets the author
does not allude to their habit of removing the bark
from young saplings. We have seen them in this
way " ringing " young Ash trees, but whether this
was done for the sake of the food provided by the
succulent bark, or whether for the purpose of nest-
building, we cannot sav.

Records of the Royal Botanic Gardens.

KeW. By John Smith, Ex-Curator.

Through the kindness of the author we have re-
cently received a copy of a little book with the above
title. The titlepage bears neither author's nor pub-
lisher's name, nor is it dated ; but the introductory
part is signed and dated. May, 1880. It should be
mentioned that the author is not the John Smith
whose bad health caused him to retire last year from
the post of Curator ot the Royal Gardens, ICew, but
his predecessor, who entered the gardens in 1822.
and resigned in 1861 in consequence of failing
eyesight. Soon afterwards Mr. Smith quite lost
his sight, yet this afHiction has not deterred him
from working ever since ; and he has compiled a
number of publications, based upon materials
amassed during his long official connection with the
gardens. His writings on Ferns are probably the best
known of his literary works. Persons interested in
the history of gardening will welcome this his last
production, though we are bound to state that it does
not fulfil the expectations that we had enter-
tained of it from the titlepage. This is due to the
arrangement of the matter, rather than defect in
quality. Since the jiublication of the second edition
of Alton's Hortiis Keivensis, in 1814, no general
enumeration of the plants cultivated at Kew has
been issued, though supplements have appeared in
the Companion to the Botanical Magazine, and some
of the Director's annual reports on the gardens.

Mr. Smith opens with a brief history of the
Botanic Gai dens from their foundation in 1759 by the
Dowager Princess of Wales, mother of George 111.
In this she had the assistance of her Secretary, Lord
Bute; and William Aiton, a pupil of the famous Philip
Miller, of the Chelsea Botanic Garden, was engaged
with John Haverfield, the chiff gardener, to lay out
the new garden. On the accession of the present
Queen, the question arose, whether the gardens at Kew
should be retained as an appendage to the Crown, and
this led to a commission being appointed by Parlia-
ment to report on the condition of all the Eoyal gar-

dens. The commissioners were Dr. Lindley, Mr. (after-
wards Sir Joseph) Paxton. and Mr. Wilson, gardener
to Lord Surrey. Mr. Smith gives an abstract of the
report concerning Kew Gardens, followed by some
remarks on it, especially on the unfavourable por-
tion. One gathers from these remarks how great an
interest he took in his duties, and how jealous he
was of the reputation of the gardens and of the
Director, William Townsend Aiton. But we think
it is a pity that he should have permitted himself
to ascribe unworthy motives to Dr. Lindley. He
explains that " miitters were not so bad as repre-
sented by Dr. Lindley in his report, the tenor of
which was evidently a desire to disparage Mr. Aiton."
It is possible that the report did not do Aiton
justice in every detail, but it does not follow that
Lindley was animated by vindictive feelings towards
him. We are sorry to see, too, that Mr. Smith has
taken this opportunity to record his personal griev-
ances and defend himself against some criticisms of
long ago. His reputation did not require this.

The basis of the arrangement of the " Records," of
which there are eighteen, is partly systematic, partly
conventional, and partly geographical, beginning
with the Australian collection. This " Record " takes
the form ot a catalogue, with a few annotations,
preceded by a very brief historical review of the
history of the introduction of Australian plants into
English gardens. Sir Joseph Banks being accredited,
on the authority of Aiton, with having introduced
the first, namely, Casuarina torulosa, in 1771. The
catalogue is systematically arranged as to the natural
orders, though no one recognised system is adopted ;
and the genera and species under each order are
alphabetical. For practical purposes it would
have been an advantage had the whole been
alphabetical. Mr. Smith does not cite the dates of
introduction, but he gives references to figures in the
Botanical Magazine, and other serials. His catalogue
of Australian plants numbers 10.37 species ; and it is
supplemented by some observations on the cultiva-
tion of these plants at Kew, and notes on the age and
size of some of the principal ones.

The second " Record " relates to New Zealand
plants, of which about 130 are enumerated. This is
succeeded by the Aroidsand Palm collections, followed
by a list of plants cultivated in the Palm-house
between the years 1848 and 1864, exclusive of Palms.
Aroids numbered 148 and the Palms 141 species ;
while the number of the miscellaneous plants is not
evident, on account of a singular misprint. Mr.
Smith's history of many of the Palms and other
plants we read with great pleasure; while we regret
that he has gone out of his way to record the failures
of his successor. Failures and mistakes there have
been, no doubt ; yet if the venerable author of the
little book under notice could only see — as everyone
must heartily wish he could — the noble gardens as they
now are, he would find much to praise and little to
blame, though the natural conservatism of age might
lead him to deplore the disappearance of many of the
familiar objects of early days, and deprecate some of
the changes wrought by others. Independently of the
hand or action of man there is continual change in
Nature. We have known the gardens intimately
for more than a quarter of a century, and being great
admirers of trees, have witnessed with regret the
destruction of many by wind and snowstorms ; but
what is much worse the greater part of the large
trees seem to have nearly reached the greatest age the
poor soil of Kew Gardens is capable of giving them ;
and such a summer as we have lately experienced
must greatly accelerate the evidently approaching
end. Fortunately nearly all the available spaces have
been planted, and there will be something to replace
the old wood, though the area so covered is smaller.

But we are digressing. Mr. Smith continues with
the succulent plants, the Bromeliacea;, Begonia
(ninety-seven species), Gesneracex (101 species),
Scitaminea-, and Orchidese. The history of the cul-
tivation of plants of the last-named order at Kew
is discussed in some detail, and the alternate suc-
cesses and failures chronicled with a frankness par-
donable perhaps in a person smarting under adverse
criticism. Well, Orchid-growing is certainly better

564

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[NOTEJIBER 5, 1887.

understood now, after many more years of patient
experiment and witli a mucli better knowledge of tiie
varied conditions under wliicii different genera and
species flourish in tlieir wild homes.

Passing on to tlie aquatics we find the early history
of the Victoria regia iu this country by one ac-
quainted with every phase of it, and under whose
supervision the first plants were raised in Europe.

The arboretum is the next subject of special
interest. We are informed of its condition iu 1823,
when Mr. Smith took charge of it, and of its subse-
quent vicissitudes. This was the " old arboretum,''
beginning at the grand entrance to the botanic
garden on Kew Green, and extending nearly to the
cross-walk from the Cumberland Gate to the broad
walk. Very many of the old trees have disappeared,
but several notable ones still e.xist, including a Finns
Laricio close by the entrance, a handsome Tiu'key
Oak, Cedar of Lebanon, and False Acacia, near the
Temple of the Sun ; one each of the first Deodars
and Araucarias introduced into this country ; a very
fine Sophora japouica, Ostrya vulgaris, and Ginkgo
or Salisburia.

The Kew collection of Conifera; in 1864 consisted,
we are told, of thirty-eight tender, and 122 hardy
species, a geographical list of which is given, fol-
lowed by particulars of the introduction and size of
the more important kinds. Then come the Eri-
cacea; and Vacciniacea;, followed by Cape plants, and
concluding with Ferns. Independently of hardy
Ferns, there were about forty species scattered in
various houses in 1822 ; in 1846 the total number
had risen to 400 ; in 1857 there were 600 species ;
and in the first edition of Mr. Smith's British and
Foreign Cultivated Ferns, published in 1866, 1084
species are enumerated ; finally, in a second edition
of this work, which appeared in 1875, the number of
cultivated Ferns was augmented to 1318, though
these were probably never all at Kew at one
time.

Mr. Smith's summary of species of all kinds of
plants gives a total of 11,724, which he states maybe
accepted as the average number growing in the gar-
dens between the years 1822 and 1864 ; but from the
context we believe he means that this was about the
total number cultivated within that peri(j(l.

NATIONAL AURICULA AND
PRIMULA SOCIETY.

As the time is now arriving when the rules for
next spring's show will be in course of settlement, I
have the following suggestions of amendment in
those rules to make, as the result of my recollection
of the past year's show.

Mr. Douglas, I believe, generally approves these
suggestions, or most of them, but thinks it well that
they should be ventilated in your columns; and
agreeing with him on that point, I venture to invite
criticism and improvement of them from yourself or
others. My suggestions are : —

1. That at least in all the Primrose classes, ex-
hibitors should be invited to show any quantity of
eacli ; and this not only iu pots (which should be
optional), but in baskets or boxes surfaced with
moss, or otherwise naturally set — for instance, in
herbage. The ert'ect would be incomparably better,
but as the rules at present stand exhibitors do
not feel free thus to exhibit. Similar advantages
might accrue from a like invitation in the species
Primula classes.

2. That to avoid all doubt and ambiguity, and to
disqualify from the class for double Primroses, any
of the " duplex " (hose-in-hose) varieties, the words
*' flore-pleno "should be inserted, as descriptive of the
double flowers intended. It is difficult to deny that
a " duplex " is a double, for it is the literal transla-
tion of the word. As obviously ought the two varie-
ties to be kept quite distinct, as they always, in fact,
have been.

3. The dilFerence between a Primrose and a Poly-
anthus requires definition (which it at present lacks),
and that very carefully ; for there is scarcely a Prim-
rose which does not occasionally, even frequently.

produce " bunched " blooms, and thus become a
Polyanthus.

I am mistaken if Polyanthuses were not shown as
Pj-imroses this year in quantity. Certainly tliey are
]>opularly thus confused. The whole of Mr. John
Waterer's exhibit of Primroses were, in fact, Poly-
anthus, and (if Polyanthus be distinct from Prim-
rose) were such only.

I apprehend that the difference is that tlie Prim-
rose, however it may at times yield bunch blooms,
normally produces single blossoms only, or at least
produces some such blossoms. Either there should
be a condition that from plants shown in Primrose
classes any " bunch " blooms should be removed, or,
alternatively (without exacting this), some such defi-
nition as above of the true Primrose should be laid
down ; or, as a further alternative, if so thought well,
it should be laid down that, for purposes of the
exhibition, every Polyanthus may be deemed a Prim-
rose.

4. My last suggestion is, perhaps, rather for an
enlargement of the scope of the Society and of the
show, than for an addition to the rules. It is that
Androsaces and Anemones — at least species — should
be hereafter included. If this extension were adopted,
my above suggestion (No. 1) would be, in my view,
additionally applicable — mutatis mutandis. H. Selfe
Leonard, Hithcrhury, Guildford.

Trees and Shrubs.

TREES AT WATCOMBE PARK.
In April, 1867, 1 visited this place, and was told
that £16,000 had been spent in planting and keeping
up to that date. "What struck me most was 4 acres
of Finns insignis, planted on the level part of the
estate, on a site higher than the house. The trees
were 16 feet apart, and tiie nurses — Larch — had
been all removed. The gardener Mr. Elsen, was
then talking of thinning them soon. If they had
been left alone the weak trees would have died, and
the survivors would have formed one of the finest
features in the neighbourhood of Torquay. On my
next visit, a few years ago, I looked in vain for this
plantation. A large walled garden was placed in a
space that had been cut out of the middle of the
plantation ; the remaining trees had been so reck-
lessly thinned, that the wind had got in and mutilated
most of those that were left. Picea nobilis fiourishes
luxuriantly in the valley below ; and Abies Pattoni,
noticed in an account of the Edinburgh Botanical
Gardens three years ago, forms one of the moat
beautiful Conifers I have seen. H. Bogns.

PiNUS MONTICOLA.

I was much struck with a Fir near the Obelisk
Pond, Windsor Park, last summer, like a very vigorous
Cembra, only its cones were long, slightly curved, and
slender. It looked to me as if it would produce fine
timber, as its trunk was large in proportion to its
branches, which were not interfered with by any
other tree. I was glad to find the same tree named
at Dropmore Pinus monticola, and am surprised
such a good tree is not more frequently planted.
H.R.

The Qoince as an Ohnamental Plant.
Seeing a well-trained specimen of tlie Quince
on a neatly kept lawn some time ago it struck
me how desirable a subject, whether in flower or
fruit, this much to be desired, easily grown, and per-
fectly hardy shrub is for general park or garden
ornamentation. It must be admitted that during
the months of May and June few flowering shrubs
can surpass in beauty oi bloom the Quince, while
again in autumn the rich golden fruit is ornamental
in a high degree. A. JD. Webster.

Tue Swamp Oak (Qderccs palustbis).
The largest specimen of this Oak that we have
seen is growing within a few yards of tlie road lead-
ing to the keeper's house on Church-hill estate, in

Ireland. It was planted twenty-three years ago, in
a stilTish but not very damp loam, and in a partially
sheltered situation — sheltered from the prevailing
winds of the district, at least. In addition to being
a highly ornamental tree, it also possesses the
quality of being an excellent timber producer ; and
for these reasons, combined with its hardy nature, is
well worthy of more extended culture in this country
than it has hitherto received. A. D. W.

Foreign Correspondence.

THE PARIS FUNGUS MEETING. 1887.

The Societe Mycologique of France organised a
Mycological Conference, in conjunction with the
Societe Botanique, which was held in Paris from
October 15 to 21. The opening meeting was held at
the rooms of the Societe Botanique, 84, Rue de
Grenelle, on October 15, at 9 a.m., and was attended
by the present writer and Mr. W. Phillips, F.L.S.
After the formal proceedings, such as the election of
vice-presidents, &c., the work of unpacking, arrang-
ing, and naming the specimens, was commenced.
This occupied all the 15th, and was not finished
until noon of the 16th, when the show was opened
to the public. On the IGth Mr. T. Howse and the
Rev. Canon Du Port arrived from the Vosges, where
they had been spending a few days fungus-hunting.
Of course, the success of a fungus show depends, not
upon mere quantity of the specimens exhibited, but
upon the rarity of the species. On the present occa-
sion, in both respects our French colleagues must be
congratulated upon their success. In spite of the
forebodings that existed in the minds of some people
that there would be no fungi, a very large collection,
containing a great number of, to us at any rate, rare
and higlily interesting fungi, was found upon the
tables in the Rue de Grenelle. It is not intended to
give a complete list of all the species which were
there, but only to mention the more interesting ones,
and to indicate as far as possible the results of that
comparison of notes and interchange of views upon
certain critical, although not necessarily uncommon,
species, which constitute one of the most important
parts of these mycological conferences.

A most interesting collection was sent by M. J.

B. Barla from Nice. Unfortunately, from the dis-
tance from which they came, many of the Russulte
and Boleti were damaged, but amongst those which
did arrive in a satisfactory condition were about two
dozen Clatlirus cancellatus in the egg stage ;
Polyporus leucomelas, Schweinitzii ; Hydnum imbri-
catum, and the species which may very easily be con-
founded with it, H. Iffivigatum ; Boletus Boudieri,
which resembles B. luteus, but with very small black
warts on its stem, and which one seems to have
seen before, although it is not at present recorded
as British : it is certainly worth looking for. Lentinus
degener, a splendid species with the pileus covered
by minute, flat, reddish warts ; Sparassis crispa,
Cantharellus lutescens, which is quite distinct, from

C. tubaiformis, and unfamiliar to me. Kussula de-
lica, Fr., a plant I was exceedingly pleased to see
because it is the Lactarius vellereus var. exsuccus.
Smith, which we so commonly meet with. Every
fungologist knows it with its gills showing a tinge of
green in oblique light, and it is y^ry satisfactory to
correct one's errors, even if you have to go so
far as Paris to do so.

On the tables were two specimens of Hydnum.
erinaceum, one as large as a child's head. Tremel-
lodon gelatinosum var, auriculatum, Coprinus pica-
ceus, Ilygrophorus discoideus, H. pennarius, H,
pudorinus, and H. erubescens. The last-named was
placed near a figure of Agaricus russula, a plant we
find at Downton, and have hitherto confounded
with Uygrophorus erubescens. The Tricholoma is
the larger and paler plant ; the Hygi'ophorus is
much smaller, more distinctly red, with a dash of
purple, and reminding one somewhat of A. laccatus,
but with decurrent gills.

One object of my visit to the Paris Conference was,

November 5, 1887.1

TEE GARDENEES' CHRONICLE.

565

if possible, to cluar Up the confusion, which in this
country exists with i-espect to the reddish-brown
Lactarii, L. quietus, L. subdulcis, and L. serifluus.
I have never yet met with anyone who knew these
three species with certainty ; excepting, of course,
beginners, and I hoped to make the acquaintance of
h. helvus, which is often found near Paris, and whose
recognition might throw some light upon the others;
but L. lielvus did not put in an appearance, and it
appeared to me that our French confrbres were as
much in a fog about the above named three species
as we are. Lactariusobnubilus, however, was pointed
out to me by JI. Boudier, and is one of the plants
often called L. subdulcis in this country.

Amongst the rare species was Boletinus cavipes,
which one recognises in an instant from Kalchbren-
ner's figure ; Polyporus pes-caprce, brought by Dr.
Quelet from the Vosges ; P. croceus, found by M.
Bernard at Fontainebleau, as well as A. mastruca-
tus. An exceeding beautiful Crepidotus, A.nidulans,
was represented by two specimens. M. le Breton
brought several specimens of tlie remarkable Que-
letia mirabilis from Rouen, as well as a dish of Tuber
scstivum, some of which were at least 3 inches in
diameter.

M. Boudier exhibited fresh specimens of no less
than eight speciesof Elaphomyces, viz., E. variegatus,
Levellianus, echinatus, anthracinns, leucosporus,
cyanosporus, mutabilis, and maculatus. Amongst
the Agarics were A. bulbiger, robustus, longipes,
flabellteformis, radicosus, pinsutus, gummosus, chry-
sites, pessundatus, tristis, cartilagineus, llobertii, bu-
fornis, semi-bulbosus, &c.

Cortinarius violaceus was represented by several
fine specimens. This is a rare fungus in England,
although many things have from time to time been
so called by us. The figure in Cooke's Illustrations,
770, is by no means so characteristic as that of
Hussey. 0. fulmineus was also there. A. chrysites
is a Tricholoma, and is the same plant as A. argy-
raceus var. virescens, Cooke, Illust. 641.

A. melleus is a species which in England we look
upon only with feelings of disgust ; it is so common
and so variable that it is always bothering the my-
cologist. Continental observers have demonstrated,
however, that it is not without interest inasmuch as
ij is not only a species which grows upon dead wood,
but also is capable of destroying, and as a matter
of fact does destroy, living trees to a very large
extent. On the tables were some figures by M.
de Seynes, showing how it destroys living trees
by sending its rhizomorpha, which looks like
black string, between the bark and the wood.
In anatomical connection with these rhizomor-
phoid filaments is a true white byssoid mycelium.
Besides these figures were actual specimens of
a voung tree showing the rhizomorpha and
mycelium. Dr. Kichon exhibited a specimen of a
fossil fungus, Leptosphoerites Lemoinii, and also
specimens of Wheat destroyed by Dilophospora
gramineus. This fungus was found by Messrs.
Berkeley and Broome on Alopecurus agrestis, and by
myself with Mr. Marshall, at Ely, on Phalaris arun-
dinaria; but we have never in England been troubled
with it as a parasite on Wheat. A specimen of
Ilartig's Trametes radiciperda was also shown.
This fungus is very destructive to Larch trees, and is
a form of Polyporus annosus — another fungus which
we in England have hitherto regarded as occurring
only on dead wood.

On the walls of the room were some hundreds of
figures of fungi, the work of MM. Boudier,
Patouillard, Richon, Quelet, Rolet, &c. M. Bainier
exhibited a large number of photographs of fungi,
and M. Tempere a collection of microscopic slides.

On the tables were specimens of Ftychogaster
albus, the nature of which is not clearly understood
in this country. We have either regarded it as a
distinct fungus, or else as Polyporus destructor
attacked by a Hypomyces. M. Cormi, who has eluci-
dated its structure, was kind enough to point out to
us that Ptychogaster is not a genus at all. but only
the conidial condition of the Polyporus. Under
certain circumstances the Polyporus produces almost

nothing else but conidia, instead of having its
hymenium extended over the tubes as the normal
Polyporus has. The formation of the conidia is
similar to that of the conidia of Fistulina hepatica,
as demonstrated by M. de Seynes.

On the 17th an excursion was made under the
guidance of M. Boudier to the Forest of Carnelle, in
the hope of finding A. cxsarius in its only habitat
near Paris, but it was not to be found. Several inte-
resting species were, however, met with, including
A. mastoideus- and A. porphyrins. In the evening
a meeting was held, at which M. Prilleux made an

I OF EUCHA.RIS WITH GRASSHOPPER EGGS.
(.SEE P. 570).

interesting communication upon two diseases of the
Grape, namely, black rot, which is caused by Phoma
viticola, and which was first observed in France'upon
American Vines ; and the disease produced by
Coniothyrium diplodiella. M. P. A. Dangeard had a
communication on Chytridium, M. de Seynes on a
fungus with three forms of fruit on a Pine-apple; M.
Patouillard and M. Roze also contributed papers.

On the ISth an excursion to Herblay was
rewarded by finding the very remarkable Agaricus
mammillatus, A. constrictus, A. aurantio-marginatus,
Geaster bygrometricus, and many other species.

globularis. Here was pointed out to us A. suave-
olens, a fungus which is closely allied to A. fragrans,
and I have no doubt has been passed over for that
species by us. The French mycologists do not seem
yet fully to recognise the difference between Russula
fellea, which is abundantly common with them, and
K. ochroleuca ; and they also confound A. albus with
A. lascivus. On the 20th and 21st excursions were
made to tlie Forest of Fontainebleau, but the writer
was, much to his regret, unable to be present at
them. The Rev. Canon Du Port informs me, however,
that the beautiful woods at Fontainebleau were in
parts full of fungi, and that amongst the species
found were A. strophosus, A. colossus, and A. tumu-
losus, &c.

From the above account it will be seen that the
meeting was in every respect a most successful
one, and amply repaid us for our journey. It need
hardly be added, that we were most kindly received by
the French mycologists, who did everything to make
us both enjoy and profit by our visit. Charles B.
Plow right.

During the day a field of Potatos was passed through
grown on the Jensenian system, which was interest-
ing to the writer, as showing how in France the
peasant without more ado adopts that system of
culture which is most profitaole to him, and does not,
as we do here, carp and cavil at facts for years
because they happen to be new to us.

On the 18th a visit was made to the Pierrefonds,
in the Forest of Compiegne. Here the woods literally
teemed with good things. To instance one gpnus
alone, Marasmius, there were found il.Hudsoni, M. per-
sonatus, M, erythropus M. calopus, M. fusco-purpureus,
M. collariatus, M. scortus, M, prasiosmus, and M.

Nursery Notes.

THE FLORAL NURSERIES, CASTLE HILL,
MAIDENHEAD.

These nurseries were established by the present
proprietor, Mr. Robert Owen, nearly four years ago.
They are three acres in extent, and occupy a some-
what elevated position a little way north-west of
Maidenhead, on the south side of the coach road to
Reading. The soil is a light one, and in dry seasons
the effect of drought is rather severely felt. While
yet a gardener Mr. Owen's attention had been
attracted to the tuberous-rooted Begonia as a plant
rising in the popular estimation, and he began to
raise seedlings with aview of improving the varieties
then being grown. He has worked into a very fine
strain indeed, and he states that he commenced with
a variety named Mabel, which he had crossed with an
erect-flowered type of sturdy growth. Coming to
settle at Maidenhead, where he has erected several
glass erections of a suitable character, with ranges
of pits, he brought with him his Begonias, of which
he has made aleadingspecialty ; and to this he has added
Chrysanthemums and Pelargoniums, show and zonal.
In addition he grows a general nursery stock, in so far
as his restricted space of three acres will permit. The
glass structures are heated by two of Keith's boilers,
which are formed in sections, and by the addition of
sections a boiler can ^be raised to a larger size, or
lowered to smaller dimensions at will. Two of these
boilers heat a length of 2000 feet ; the boilers are
most economical, and the tubes intersect eacli other.
These boilers will go for twelve hours without
trouble.

The Begonias planted out in the open ground were
a great feature, flowering grandly, and present-
ing to view rich, striking, and varied masses of
colour. Mr. Owen denominates his strain Imperial
Begonias, and they are characterised by a free, com-
pact, and robust habit, and large, stout, and well
formed flowers — erect, and borne well above the
foliage. There is a good number of double varieties.
They are obtained from flowers showing a tendency
to produce supplementary petals, and these are fer-
tilised with such pollen as can be obtained from
the double blossoms. One striking characteristic of
Mr. Owen's Begonias is the fine hues of orange-
yellow, apricot, and primrose seen among them, and
there are some beautiful blush and white v.arietie3
also. There are twenty beds, five of them planted
with selected seedlings of last year, and the remainder
with plants raised from seeds sown the end of
February in heat, pricked off into boxes to grow into
size, and then planted out in May and June. Then
there were two houses of Begonias, also filled with
selected sorts of various ages — one is a span-roof,
with a centre stage, g.ay indeed with fine hued
varieties, cliaracterised by excellent form and stout-
ness of petal, and that characteristic of erect flower-
ing which is a necessary quality in a decorative

566

TEE GAEDENEBS' CHBONtCLE.

[S^'oVEStBER O, 1887.

Begonia, In the yearling seedling beds it could be
seen the plants were being marked in groups of
colour for sale, and they are much in demand in this
way. It is also found that Begonias of various
shades of colour come fairly true from seed. It is
found that a good percentage of double flowers will
come from those of a semi-double character ; it is
difficult to get pollen from the fully double forms.

Chrysanthemums form another specialty, and col-
lections of all the types are grown. Among Delaux's
new varieties two early-flowering ones of the
Japanese section are full of promise, viz.. Feu de
Bengale, a kind of orange-bronze, full, and highly pro-
mising; and Mons. R. Owen, in the same way, but
darker, and a good early variety. It could be seen
that, despite the dry summer, the collection looked
remarkably well. Planted out in the open; and in
full bloom, were a number of the early varieties, such
as Flora, yellow, a fine bedding plant, that comes
into bloom the end of July, one of the very best of
the early varieties ; Illustration, blush-white ; Anas-
tasia, soft violet-purple, very dwarf and free, extra
fine ; Madame Jolivart, blush ; Rose d'Ete, bright
rose ; William Pierc3% rf ddish-orange ; Madame
Desgrange, Mrs. CuUingford, pure white, free, and
very good ; La Vierge, white, and St. Grouts, pink,
very fine. A large batch of seedling incurved Chry-
santhemums would be in flower during the autumn.

Pelargoniums— show, decorative, zonal, and Ivy-
leaved — are largely grown, and of the latter Jlr.
Owen has some very fine new double varieties. Par-
ticular mention should be made of Robert Owen and
Souvenir de Charles Turner, both of which have
large full double flowers of very fine form: of
shades of rosy-carmine, flushed with magenta, but
quite distinct. These came from a cross made by
Mr. Owen between Mr. George's Masterpiece, a fine
single variety that it is believed had not previously
given seed, and the double flowered Comtesse Horace
de Choiseul, this being the pollen parent; Jubilee,
rosy-cerise, flushed with magenta ; and Prince of
Wales, rosy-purple, flushed with crimson, also came
of the cross. All are distinguished by an excellent
habit of growth, and marked freedom of bloom.

Chrysanthemum coronarium, Cloth of Gold, a very
fine and distinct single form, was blooming freely in
the open. It is a variety that is always in flower ;
and for two seasons these plants had been planted
out during the summer, and then lifted in autumn,
potted, and in a warm house they go on blooming
all the winter. It is practically a perennial, and a
very useful one too.

Among miscellaneous flowers were two large beds
of rose and white Victoria Asters, two of the very
best varieties to grow for cutting from because so
remarkably free. Seedling annual Chrysanthemums
showing great variety were a feature. There is a
collection of hardy perennials also : among them
some remarkable beds of Gladiolus and Aster
amellus formed charming patches of colour.

Coniferous plants and evergreens do well, and in
the light soil stand unharmed through the winter.
In this soil Roses on the Manetti stock do
remarkably well, and transplant with safety into
any other. Mr. Owen does a good deal of planting,
and he holds the opinion that autumn is the best
time to plant evergreen and deciduous trees and
shrubs alike.

Under glass, in addition to Begonias, collections of
Primula sinensis. Cinerarias, &c., are grown. Ferns
are a good feature also, especially the Maidenhair.
Kotable Ferns were Asplenium cicutarium, which
makes a charming table plant in a young state ; a
very finely cut form of I'teris serrulata, equally ser-
viceable in this respect ; Adiantum cornubiense, said
to be as hardy as A. Capillus-veneris, and which
might be regarded as a greenhouse Farleyense ; and
A. Oweni, a seedling raised, it is believed, between
cuneatum and amabile — a fine and distinct Maiden-
hair, but in order to keep it true it must be propa-
gated by division ; it makes a fine exhibition plant ;
the fronds are double the length of those of cunea-
tum, with greater substance of pinnaa and the fronds
last much longer in a cut state.

In one of the plant houses, could be seen
some winter-flowering Begonias, among them
one named B. carminata gigantea grandiflora,
an autumn and winter-flowering type, allied to
nitida, and bearing deep rosy-carmine flowers.

At no season of the year are these nurseries
without interest. Mr. Owen makes a specialty of
late-flowering Chrysanthemums, and has them in
bloom up to the end of February. Then Primulas,
Cyclamens, and other things are in, and also plants
grown specially for cut flowers, among them a select
collection of Roses in pots. H. J).

OUR NATIVE FEENS.

(Conti7iiced from p. 525 J
Lastrea filix-mas, pseudo-mas, and propinqua (Male
Fern). — The male Fern has been thus classified by
Jlr. G. B. TVoUaston, there being three distinct
normal forms — propinqua, quite deciduous ; filix-
mas, almost deciduous ; and pseudo-mas, evergreen.
There are also other distinctive characteristics. All
these divisions have yielded varieties, some of which
are the most effective and ornamental Ferns known,
L. filix-mas is very general, pseudo-mas not so com-
mon, and propinqua comparatively rare.

propinqua cristata. — Very neat, small crest

throughout,
f.-m. fluctuosa. — Very beautiful curled and con-
gested form,
f.-ra. grandiceps. — Very boldly but irregularly

branched and crested,
f.-m. linearis. — Delicately attenuated and grace-
ful,
p.-m. crispa. — Dwarf gem, congested,
p.-m. c. cristata. — Same form, neatly crested

throughout,
p.-m. c. c. angustata. — Same again as last, but

raucli narrowed.

p.-m. c. gracilis.^Similar form, uncrested, but tips

all curved and pointed ; beautiful dwarf form.

This last group should be in every collection.

I'.-m. cristata. — Wild. This may fairly be

dubbed the king of our British Ferns, splendidly

crested, thoroughly constant, and a most

vigorous evergreen, rising some 4 feet high and

forming a veritable Tree Fern, with a decided

trunk, if the side shoots be removed as they form.

cristata angustata. — Same form, but much narrowed

and not so robust,
polydactyla, Dadds. — Very neat, flat crests to

fronds and pinnre.
ramo-cristata, Fitt. — Very fine ; fronds branch

several times ; all parts crested neatly,
ramosissima. — Splendid form, branching and crest-
ing so much, that it forms a round bush. Bare,
as spores produce, if any, inferior forms, in fact
it is very doubtfully fertile,
ramulosissima. — Very dwarf, branchy-crested form.
BoUandiiC. — Wild find. This is the plumose form

of the species, and very fine if grown close.
Lastrca iiwntana (Mountain Buckler Fern),
Barnesii. — Wild. A unique sport, the pinnaa being
turned at right angles to the stipes, like a flight of
steps,
coronans, Barnes. — Beautifully crested,
cristata. — Finely crested throughout.
Osmunda rcgalis (Royal Fern). — Very liandaome ;
broad flat cresting throughout.

Polypodium vulgare. — Common Polypody, has pro-
duced some very fine forms indeed, viz. : —

bindo-cristatum. — Wild. Long narrow fronds,

with wide flat crests,
cambricum (Welsh Polypody) and P. Prestonii. —
Wild varieties. Two plumose forms, both very
beautiful, the latter the better,
cornubiense, Fowleri, and trichomanoides. — These
may all be classed together, the last being the
finest. The fronds are verj' finely divided, even
tripinnate when well developed,
cristatura and grandiceps, Mrs. Fox. — Wild.
Both finely crested throughout, the latter very
heavily.

glomeratum, MuUins. — Fronds branching exces-
sively and irregularly, no two alike,
pulcherrimum. — Bold bipinnate form ; very hand-
some.
PoJystivhiim aaileatum. — Hard prickly Shield Fern,
cristata gracile. — Finely crested.
Poltjstichum angularc — Soft prickly Shield Fern.
The varieties of this Fern vie in number with
those of the Lady Fern. Space precludes indication
of more than a few. This species has probably
received more attention tlian any other, owing to the
range and beauty of its varieties, its evergreen cha-
racter, and generally bold growth.

acrocladon. — Beautifully crested throughout,
brachiato-cristatum, Gray. — Basal pinnse form

fronds crested throughout,
cristata gracilis. Gray. — Neat drooping crests,
divisilobum. Holy. — Normal outline, but extremely

finely divided over and over again.
cristatum, Ivery. — Finely divided, and crested

throughout,
grandiceps. — Heavy dense crests.
Lyellii. — Very dwarf, congested and curly,
parvissimum. — Densely congested, dwarf.
Pateyii. — Splendid plumose form,
proliferum. — Various forms ; buds along stipes,
pulcherrimum. Wills. — Very beautifully divided
form ; tips of pinna; form prothalli : i'i(?e Apospory.
Pteris agiiilwa. — Common Brake,
grandiceps, Glover. — Heavily tasselled throughout.
Scolopendrium vulgare (Hart's-tongue). — Has also
produced numberless varieties, many, however, far
more curious than beautiful.

capitatum. — Fine bunchy terminal crests,
conglomeratum densum, Kelway. — Very dwarf,
densely crested, like balls of moss. Fronds pro-
fusely proliferous.
Coolingii, Kelwayii, and Baxterii. — Densely

branched and crested, also proliferous,
crispum, vars. Stabler, fimbriatum, maximum. Kit-
son ; majus Moses, robustum, Bowden, Wills. —
This is the plumose state of the species the
fronds being beautifully frilled instead of flat.
There are various forms of it — those named are
the best, the last two best of all.
cristatum-viviparum. — A prettily crested form,

bearing small plants on the face of the fronds,
grandiceps, J. Cousins. — Heavily crested — very

fine,
laceratnm. — Approaches a pinnate state, having
side and basal projections which crest like the
frond-tip itself,
rarao-cristatura and r.amo-digitatum. — Finely

branched and crested forms,
sagittato-oristatum, Dadds. — Fronds barbed at

base, and crested at all extremities,
s.-projectum. — Fine barbed and pinnatifid form ;

the best has been recently found in Arran.
It will be understood that the preceding list
embraces only the majority of the most marked
forms extant. Many of the most beautiful or curious
are only in private hands, or their characters are too
subtle for definition in the space available, the neces-
sary limitation of which, indeed, has compelled the
omission of many. C. T. Dnicry, F.L.S.

Forestry.

Planting Exposed Situations. — Only such persons
who have had experience in the matter, have any
idea of the dilhculties to contend with in planting
exposed ground as compared with that in sheltered
situations. Frosts are, no doubt, more severe in the
lowlands, but this is a small evil compared with the
strong and persistent winds which cut up and retard
growth of the hardiest trees. The planter who de-
sires the work performed on exposed ground, wliether
at high or low elevations, to be a success, must not
only take into account the bestmethods of fencingand
planting, but must choose such trees as are best suited
for the purpose. How much the constitution of
various forest trees varies for withstanding cold
blowing winds could hardly be imagined unless
by tho-sf' persons who have actually had to

NoTEiiBEn 5, 1887.]

THE GAUDENERS' CBHONICLE.

S67

form plantations on the flanks of some of our
English or Scottish hillsides ; and it is only by re-
peated experiments that the following list of
deciduous and evergreen trees and slirubs tliat are
suitable for such work has been got together.

That thorough drainage is of much importance,
and the careful preparation of the ground, need
liardly be pointed out ; in fact, on, these two, and a
proper selection of trees, depends the success or
otherwise of the work. The holes intended to
receive the plants — for we will suppose that this is
the method of planting to be adopted — should be
opened for at least three months before planting
takes place. These holes should be large in propor-
tion to the size of the roots ; and the bottom and
sides of each loosened.

Amongst trees that are suited for sites cold and
■windy, mention may be made of the Sycamore, Birch,
winged Elm (Ulmus alata), Mountain Ash, Spanish
and Horse Chestnut, Oak, Scotch Elm, Beech, Gean
or Wild Cherry, Thorn, Elder, Hazel, and Hornbeam.

The Birch and Sycamore may, in conjunction with
some of the Pine tribe, form the onter line of trees,
and where, from the fury of the almost constant
storms, few other kinds could succeed. In a planta-
tion with which the writer is well acquainted,
that was formed about twenty-five years ago, at
an altitude of nearly 800 feet, on an exposed hill-
side, these, and common Oak, winged Elm, and
several species of Finns form, as it were the back-
bone of the plantation, and form the main shelter for
the other kinds.

The winged Elm, although of but little value as a
timber tree, is an excellent subject as a shelter
tree, throwing out its branches on the windward
face of a wood on the exposed moorland in North
Wales.

The Jlountain Ash, as every one must know,
is unequalled as a tree for high altitudes and full
exposure to our south-western gales. Its value as
timber is perhaps a drawback to its general cultiva-
tion, but it is a remarkable fact that amongst the
trees that'ai-e best suited for wind screens few are of
great value in a commercial sense Note the present
subject, the winged Elm, the Thorn, Elder, Gean tree,
Austrian and Cluster Pines (P. austriaca and P.
Pinaster). The value of trees that are used for screen
fences as timber producers should, however, never be
considered, as by their aid others of higher value are
enabled to grow under adverse conditions. The
Spanish and Horse Chestnut deserve a second place on
the list of trees that are adapted for breezy situations,
they doing well if simply guarded from the first run
of the storm. For this reason they ofttimes find a
place near the margin of the woodland — what may
likewise be said of the Oak, Beech, and Gean tree.
This latter ranks high as a tree for withstanding
cold winds, and we know of several isolated speci-
mens of no mean size that have, for half a century
or more, kept their own, and battled manfully with
the severe and prolonged storms of our hillsides at
1000 feet altitude. The Bird Cherry, too, is well
worthy of commendation, and we could point to a
large and lonely specimen growing and flourishing in
a most satisfactory manner away on the side of the
Snowdon range of hills, and at a height of 800 feet
above the level of the sea. A. D. Webster,

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Planting Fruit Trees. — In performing this
operation care must be taken that the trees are not
planted too deeply — in fact, they are best left a little
raised above the level of the surface, so as to allow
of the trees sinking somewhat afterwards ; neither
should trees planted against walls have their stems
placed close to the wall ; they are much better for
being kept 6 inches away from it. Assuming that
the sites intended for the new trees are fully pre-
pared, the planting is thereby much expedited as
soon as they come to hand. In planting, take care
that the small fibrous roots are evenly spread out,
aud at slightly different levels, and that all strong
roots aud others that have become injured on re-
moval be cut back with a sharp knife. In carrying
out the work some of the finest of the new soil
should be inserted amongst the roots, making all
firm by treading as the work proceeds, and by giving
the trees a good watering before finally filling in the
soil. After planting it will be necessary to fasten
the trees loosely to the wall, to prevent the branches
from being blown about by the wind, the proper nail-
ing of the wall trees being deferred till spring.

Pyramid and standard trees will require staking,
to prevent rocking, placing some soft material round
their stems, so th.it the bark is not injured; and in
the case of orchard trees, they will also require
the stems to be protected from injury by game;
it is not safe to leave them even for one night
without taking some precautions against this kind of
injury, as any fresh occupants of the orchards are
readily found out by hares and rabbits.

To give the kitchen garden a pleasing appearance,
a narrow border should be formed round the vegetable
quarters, which should be planted with pyramid trees
of Apples, Plums, and Pears, planted from 6 to 8 feet
apart, so that eventually the trees will occupy the
whole of the space ; and in the meantime small bushes
of Gooseberries can be planted between to fill up
space, but on no account should the ground near
their base be cropped by vegetables under any con-
sideration, but the ground should be kept clean by
the use of the hoe, or, better still, kept well mulched
with well rotted manure. E. Ward, HcweU, Broms-

Home Correspondence-

SUNFLOWER CULTURE. — You favom*ed me in
August of last year with some valuable informa-
tion about the cultivation of Sun-flowers. My
project for the reclamation of Aboukir (30,000
acres) is in course of execution and will be com-
]deted next year, when it is my intention to
cultivate Sunflowers largely. The flower is culti-
vated here as a garden ornament, and reaches dimen-
sions exceeding a foot in diameter. But the Egyptian
gardener has water on the brain, and, believing one
cannot have too much of a good thing, he deluges
the soil witli water. The result is, that, in our rich
soil and hot sun, the plant reaches maturity in two
to three and a half months ; and being thus prema-
turely developed most of the seeds are barren, although
externally they present all the appearance of being
full. In order to study the cultivation of the oil-
yielding flower on the spot, I lately made a tour in
Little Russia up to the frontier of Bessarabia, where
it is an important local industry. There are two
kinrls, the edible and oil-yielding seed. The former,
of which I enclose a small sample, is, as you see,
somewhat elongated ; and at Odessa and neighbour-
ing provinces, wherever a few peasants are sitting
together, the ground is strewn with the husks of the
seeds, which are eaten the same as ground nuts,
or Hazel-nuts are eaten elsewhere. This description
contains a small proportion of oil. The latter,
which is grown at Orel. Saratov, and all the
way up to the neighbourhood of Moscow, is shorter
and thicker than the edible seed, and I expect pre-
sently to get a bag of this year's crop, which was
reported everywhere to be light. I enclose copy of
an article on the cultivation of Sunflowers that was
translated for me at Odessa. It may be of some
interest to you. I have received from Sutton & Sons
a small supply of their Giant Sunflower, with which,
as well as with oil-yielding seed from Kussia, I
intend to carry out exhaustive experiments on my
land this coming season. That is, I intend to begin
my first experiment in November or December, when
the soil retains the moisture of the inundation, which
will be suflicient to stimulate the earlier stages of
growth, and from that period till March or April
there will be sufficient rain and moisture from dew
to bring the plant to maturity. A second crop will
be sown in Juue ; but artiticial irrigation will be
required till the Nile comes down in flood in July,
August, and September. In Kussia I was told the
plant requires very little rain, and the only objection
to the cultivation was the exhaustion of the soil,
which scarcely applies here. Wm. Grant .

Translation.
" There are two kinds of Sunflower seeds — those
for eating and for oil extraction — Polish and Saratov.
Saratov Sunflower seed is superior to Polish as it
contains more substance, but tiie latter has a better
form. Saratov seed is heavier than Polish, and from
it more oil can be extracted than from the Polish.
4} to 5 poods (36 lb. English equal 1 pood) of good
Saratov Sunflower seed being required to extract
1 pood of oil, whereas to get the same quantity of
oil from Polish Sunflower seed 6^ to 7 poods are
required. The Sunflower requires strong and well
prepared soil ; for this reason the soil must be pre-
pared as carefully as possible in autumn. It is gene-
rally sown broadcast and covered with seed-covering

plough and harrow. In sowing about 26 lb. on the
desiatina (desiatina equal 27 acres) are used. The
seeds of the Sunflower must be changed very often,
as they soon degenerate. As soon as the sprouts of
the Sunflower are grown a little it is necessary to
remove weeds and extra plants. The moulding and
cleaning of the soil is done with a hoe, which at the
same time moulds up and turns the soil well over.
(This hoe is more like a small heart-shaped shovel
set on a shaft like a hoe. Ed.) On good farms they
look well to the removing of the extra plants, as they
should stand for three-quarters to 1 arshin (21 to
28 inches) apart. The Sunflower plant cannot endure
the presence of any other plants in its neighbourhood,
and as soon as such appear they should be removed.
Two cleanings of the soil are usually necessary, but
the land is sometimes hoed a third time. It occurs
very often that some seeds grow up later ; these
when hoeing a second time should be destroyed. If
it be desired to obtain an extra good crop of Sun-
flower seed the land must be hoed three times and
ridging be well attended to. The following is an
account of the crop of the Sunflower seed for oil
extracting during the following years : — 1879. 70
poods; 1880, 40 poods; 1881, 80 poods; 1882 45
pood ; 1883, 65 poods ; 1884, 97 poods ; therefore the
average of the Sunflower seed is 66^ poods = 2387 lb.
per desiatina."

ANT TRAPS. — When hothouses get infested with
ants it is often a difKcult matter to exterminate
them, or even to perceptibly reduce their numbers.
Although they do no injury to plants, their appear-
ance swarming about them, and over the stages, is
very unsightly. They are supposed to bite off the
pistil and stamens of the blossoms of the Peach,
thus preventing them setting; but, be this true or
not, they speedily destroy the ripe fruit when once
they get the skin broken, and a cracked Melon is
soon rendered unfit for the table if these busy crea-
tures find access to it. The species most common
in hothouses is of foreign origin, and smaller than
our common ant. They prefer a warm atmosphere,
and in the temperature of a plant stove increase
enormously and rapidly. Various ways of trapping or
driving them away have been recommended, such as
sprinkling guano or some other evil-smelling sub-
stance in their paths, leaving plants infected with
scab or bug for them to prey on, and then frequently
dipping the plants in hot water ; or bones with a
little meat on them may be laid about, and the ants,
which soon gather on them, served in the same way.
Saucers of treacle will also trap a good many. I
have tried poisoning them with strychnine, white
arsenic. Hemlock juice, &c., mixed with sugar, but,
although they seemed to partake of some of these
things, I could never find any dead ants. I have
often found dead bodies in tens and twenties sticking
to the stems of Tomatos as If they had sucked the
juice, and then died, but some juice which I squeezed
out and put in their way they refused to taste. The
most effective traps I know of are bottles of sugar-
water and the pitchers of Nepenthes. The best bottles
are small narrow ones, holding 2 or 3 ounces. If
these are nearly filled with a very rich solution
of sugar and water, and laid in a slanting
position near their runs, the ants will be
caught by the thousand. The bottles should
be emptied twice a week, and a quantity of the
fresh mixture put in. The pitchers of Nepenthes
are about as effective, and give no trouble.
About eighteen months ago I placed some Nepenthes
amongst a general collection of stove plants, and now
there is hardly an ant to be seen. Occasionally I
have emptied pitchers of N. Mastersiana more than
half-full of dead bodies. Sarracenias and Dar-
lingtonias also serve to catch them, so that
those wonderful leaf structures are not only curious
and interesting, but useful in remedying what, if not
an intolerable nuisance, is at least a great eyesore.
A. Laing, Salisbury Green, Edinburgh.

TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.— I have read a great deal
of what has been written from time to time concern-
ing these plants, but previous to this year I never had
an opportunity of seeing them in large numbers as
Messrs. J. Laing & Sons grow them, nor could I put
full credence in what I had read and been told. It will
be granted that Messrs, Laing have done more in
the way of improving the Begonias than anyone
engaged in the work ; and looking back on the old
species, pretty as they are, one is amazed at the great
advance made in the new types, in the size and form of
the flowers, and the change in the habit of growth
and foliage of the Begonia. Many of the blooms now
measure 6 inches by 4.h inches in diameter, and some

568

THE GABDENEJ?S' CIIBONICLE.

[November r>, 1887.

exceed these dimensions. The day may not be far
distant when we shall see them occupy a yet more
prominent position at horticultural exhibitions ; and,
why, may I ask, should not a Begonia Society
be forrapd as is done for the Chrysanthemum,
Carnation and Picotee, Dahlia, and others? [Please
don't. Ed.] The double forms of Begonia are, to
say the least, very pretty, some of them rivalling the
jCamellia in regularity of petals and outline, and no
one who possesses a small greenhoust should be with-
out some specimens of them. At this season tubers
should be procured, and when received stored away
for the winter in cocoa-nut fibre or dry leaf-mould,
ready for starting in the spring. Mayfiowcr.

THE MILDNESS OF THE SEASON IN THE WEST.—

While staying a few days ago at Trenodden, in Corn-
wall, I was much surprised to lind a splendid dish of
new Peas served for dinner. On going into the
garden in the morning, I found the Telegraph Pea
growing vigourously, flowering and podding abund-
antly, with the appearance of June 24, rather than
October 24 ! Alecc. McKcnz'ic.

EXTRAORDINARY POTATO CROP.— In reply to
"A. H.,'" of the 8th ult., p. 445, I may say that the
soil is a black light loam of good depth ; the subsoil
sandy loam. No manure was employed at planting
time, as I had used much farmyard manure in the
previous year. There was very little scab present on
the tubers. I may mention that I had 1.4 acre of
Potatos planted in a field, some of them being the
same varieties as were planted in the garden, and
which were a very light crop, and much disfigured
by scab ; indeed, so much so that I could hardly
discern some of the varieties by their appearance.
The soil in the field is very poor and sandy, the sub-
soil inclining to clay. The editorial remark ap-
pended to my note in the Gardeners' Chronicle of the
1st ult. does not apply, for 1 have not had the charge
of the gardens for any length of time, and moreover
would not crop a quarter repeatedly with Potatos.
W. Lewis, Leeds Castle Gardciis, Maidstone.

CARNATIONS. — Whilst florists seem yet to find
differences between one flaked or bizarre Carnation
or laced Picotee and another, and give them distinc-
tive appellations, it does seem as if self-coloured
flowers, with rare exceptions, were largely repro-
ductions of others, or else so closely similar as to
render naming of doubtful utility. We are now con-
stantly hearing of some new kinds which those who
^vrite of them declare to be the best white, or scarlet,
or crimson, or some other colour, as the case may
be; and yet possibly there may be twenty, or even
fifty others of the same colour in existence not known
to the writers, but all of which may be as good, some
perhaps even fi ner, but literally all as nearly alike as can
be. The fact is. in the case of flaked and bizarre flowers
the raiser, if he be an experienced florist, knows at
once whether one out of hundreds be better in any
form, or ever so little distinctive from other flaked
or bizarre flowers. Border kinds, amongst which
self flowers are usually classed, have no such dis-
tinguishing features, and must of necessity be largely
reproductions of each other. These, too, will occa-
sionally seed freely, and when they do, then literally
thousands of other good forms soon result. Thus,
self-coloured Carnations are increased ad infimtmn,
until naming seems absurd, and the only course left
is to gi'oup them into colours. Let me give my own
experience. Two years since I saved a goodly pinch
of seed from Coroner and Wanvick, scarlets : Susan
Askey, white ; and some others ; the produce
being very strong plants, all of which stood the
winter, wet, frost, and snow, as also the summer's
heat and drought, in an open field, remarkably well,
bloomed most profusely, and nearly all seeded freely.
I got from them in colours and have saved seed,
separately, and sown it under glass, purple, plum,
crimson, scarlet, dwarf scarlet, rose, salmon, white
smooth edge, do. fimbriated edge, scarlet flaked, and
bizarre flowers — many very fine in quality and equal
to the very best named forms I have seen. No doubt
I shall have from the whole some thousands of seed-
lings, and whilst it will be of special interest to note
how far the colours come true, it will be not less in-
teresting to find in what direction new shades will
appear. But of this T am certain that at least 70 per
cent, will be fine double flowers. Now it is obvious
that it would be ridiculous to name these, and
the only course would be to classify them accord-
ing to colour. If I prefer smooth-edged broad
petals, densely laid, I do but follow the lead of
the florists, and I must say that a moderate-sized
emooth-petalled flower is far more pleasing than is

the biggest seen, in which the petals are crowded and
crumpled. I do not think in spite of the old artists,
we have fewer fine Carnations than were seen one hun-
dred years ago, while if some fancy the rough-edged
or fringed flowers they can soon be accomodated by
selecting from rough-edge seedlings. Whatever
may be said to the contrary, I think we have every
reason to be satisfied with the progress being made
in the production of Carnations, selfs, flakes, and
otherwise. A. I).

THE EUCHARIS MITE.— About eighteen months
ago I had a fine lot of Eucharis in 10-inch pots,
which all at once began to look badly. They were
examined and found to be badly infested with the
mite. I tried all the so-called remedies, but without
success, and was obliged to throw many plants away
until I had only about a third left. I thought
matters could not be worse than they were, so I had
the bulbs washed with paraffin oil, and after re-
potting them, an inch of soot was laid on the top of
the soil and watered in; from which time they began to
improve, and are now as healthy as ever they were,
and are just throwing up from nine to thirteen spikes
of bloom on each pot. A. JVch/}, Kclham Hall Gar-
dens, Newark.

RHODODENDRON JAVANICUM.— This plant is
now in fine bloom at Handsworth Nursery, near
Sheffield, and is worth going a long journey to see.
There can be no doubt in a short time this section
of the genus Rhododendron will be grown in every
garden where beautiful flowers are appreciated in
autumn and winter. 0. T. C.

AUTUMN DROUGHT.— A gardener in Hampshire
writes to me :^" I want to plant some fruit trees,
but the soil is as dry as ashes." That is, indeed, an
unwonted state of things to be found at the end of
October, and seriously adds to gardeners' troubles. In
my own district the new period of drought which set
in during the past few weeks has checked the growth
of surface crops appreciably, and Turnips especially,
which early in the month made good promise of
bulbing cannot now prove of any great service. Only
where the soil is naturally holding is there appre-
ciable growth. I notice that late sown Spinach and
Onions in large breadths, with considerable areas of
autumn planted Cabbages and Lettuces, not only
move very slowly, but are much troubled with grub,
which revel in drought, but are easily disturbed
in wet weather. The root trade also is to some
extent affected, as the usual autumn growth is slow ;
and, the soil being so dry, plants lift badly. It is at
once interesting, yet depressing, to note how very
rapidly the September rains have been absorbed, but
the soil, even to the depth of 4 feet, was at the time
of their falling dry beyond all previous experience,
and although we did get in September most valuable
relief, the benefit thus afforded seems to have been
almost obliterated, so dry has been the air above and
the subsoil beloAV. There can be little doubt but
that this remarkable autumn drought must militate
against the interests of planters, especially when the
trade sales are just now offering such abundant
opportunities to purchase trees and shrubs cheaply.
It is most probable that hardy stutl' of this
description will this winter touch prices which
may be regarded as more ludicrous than profitable,
but if there is so much stufi' in the country,
whilst present requirements are so limited, of course
buyers must hope to secure some of the advantages
of the situation. But there can be no doubt what-
ever but that the nurseryman's prospects would be
materially brightened did we have early some 3 or 4
inches of rain. Apart from the fact that dry winters
are usually hard, frosty winters, which thus prevent
ground work, there is also the fact that, with sub-
soil so dry, planters naturally hesitate to incur much
risk. Watering may be done, of course, but whilst
watering seems an absurdity at this time of the year,
it can be at the best but a poor substitute for that
natural moisture, which the earth generally so
sadly needs. Whatever may be said about cycles of
seasons — and weather-wise people always have strong
opinions on that point — it is evident that we must now
sadly need a wet winter. What is certain now, is, that
the soil generally, to a great depth, is dry almost be-
yond precedent, and it is also certain, that whilst so
far nothing has suffered appreciably, yet vegetation
has of late been living in a hand-to-mouth fasiiion, and
has no liquid resource except what the clouds may
furnish. If we get a dry winter, doubtless, we shall
find it healthier than a wet one would be, but winters
are usually periods of discomfort, and their discom-
forts are borne with the greater equanimity if they

tend to our welfare during the ensuing summer;
therefore, just now, it does seem as if the miseries
of a wet winter, and perhaps a green Yuletide — if they
really are miseries — may after all, should they come,
be but blessings in disguise. Certainly, also, the
poor would suffer less, and doubtless find in a soft
wet winter much more employment than a hard
dry one would give. A. D.

EXHIBITORS' CARDS.— It might answer some
enterprising printer's purposes, and assist horticul-
tural societies, if he would print and sell exhibit
cards of three colours — say, red for 1st prizes, white
for 2nd prizes, blue for 3rd prizes. Then every one
would know at a glance that the red cards were 1st
prizes, &c — the word " class " to be also printed on ;
thus the secretaries would only have to put the num-
ber in writing after the printed word class,and whether
the number of classes extended to a hundred or more
the work would be easy. As a matter of course, the
words 1st, 2nd, 3rd prize would have to be printed
on the card as well as class. Another coloured card
might be used for special. I fancy societies would
gladly purchase these cards, which would soon be
universally known. The names of the exhibitors, of
course, would have to be written, as now, by the
proper persons. Bohert Warner.

VEGETABLES AT HACKWOOD.— Without doubt
the fine walled-in garden of some six acres at Hack-
wood Park is one of the finest and best kept in the
southern counties. The walls are well covered with
trees carrying good fruit crops, and the vegetable
growth is in all respects first-rate. Down the entire
length of the garden runs through the centre a broad
grass walk some 12 feet in width, margined on each
side by a broad and gay flower-border, whilst grass
walks, some 8 feet in width, run down on either side
and across at intervals. These grass walks are kept
in perfect order by means of the mowing-machine, at
small cost, and are very smooth and solid. They,
combined with the flower-borders, give to the large
enclosure quite a pleasurable aspect ; and with such
delightful verdure to walk upon, and such a wealth
of flowers and fine vegetables on every hand, the
garden gives to visitors a sense of enjoyment seldom
found in kitchen gardens. The whole of the glass-
houses, with IMr, Bowermans cottage behind, are
within the enclosure, so that there is an aspect of
compactness about the garden which is peculiarly
satisfactory. The soil is of a stifTloam, approaching
to clay, and is difficult to work in wet seasons. It
stands upon a deep substratum of chalk, which
if not fertile, is at least usually much cooler and
more retentive of moisture than is gravel. The
park, with its huge area of kept grounds, including
miles of grass walks amidst a magnificent overgrowth
of trees and shrubs, and a large mansion com-
mandingly placed at one end of a broad expanse of
turfy lawn several acres in extent, is 1100 acres,
and on its eastern side abuts on the Ilerriard Park,
which covers an area of some 2000 acres.
Ilackwood, corrupted from Hawkwood, is grandly
timbered. Beech especially thriving well and
reaching to exceptional heights. Silver Spruce,
Yews, and Conifers generally, although many, and
especially Abies Douglasii, have suffered from
snowstorms, yet do remarkably well. During
the past show season Mr. Bowerman, who con-
fines his competitions to local exhibitions, and is
far from being a "touring" exhibitor, was most suc-
cessful with vegetables, showing very high quality,
which spoke volumes for the sort of culture given at
Hackwood. With such stiff soil, leaves, always in
great quantity, naturally form the chief manure ;
but tliere is a liberal use of stable manure also now,
as during the past two years Mr. Charles Hoare, one
of our London bankers, has been residing at the
Park, and he takes great interest in the gardens, and
strives to maintain them liberally ; hence, manurial
aid, previously lacking at times, is now fairly abun-
dant. The garden has plenty of doors, and through
these the manure is wheeled on planks, so that no
injury whatever is done to the grass-walks. Potato
breadths include the best standard kinds, and are
largely grown, the tops seemingly as robust as if the
season had been everything wliich could be desired.
Peas have been wonderfully abundant, and even now
there is a very long row of the old British Queen,
Bome 8 feet in height, which will ere over give several
bushels of good Peas, which in quality cannot be
excelled. Dwarfer kinds also do well, but seem
more subject to attacks from pheasants, which give
much trouble at Hackwood. Runner Beans include
the fine Ne Plus LTtra and Sutton's Selected, and run
to a great height and pod abundantly ; Dwarf Cana-

NOVEMBEK 5, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CERONICLE.

569

ilian Wonder does well; Veitch's Autumn Giant
Cauliflowers are wonderful for the season — quite
monsters ; Brussels Sprouts and others of the Bras-
sica family very vigorous ; Rous ham Tark, Banbury,
and Veitch's Main Crop Onions are grand crops, the
bulbs of the first-named being huge samples ; Celery
Beet, Carrots (especially the new Intermediate),
Parsnips, and, indeed, all kinds of vegetables, are
excellent. In addition to good cultivation, the
garden throughout is studiously neat, and free from
weeds. Hackwood Park is the property of Lord
Bolton, but that nobleman prefers Bolton Hall,
Yorkshire, for his residence, and wisely lets the
former fine place to a good tenant. A. D.

Scotland.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSO-
CIATION.

The ordinary monthly meeting of this Association
took place on Tuesday, the 1st inst., at 5, St. An-
drew Square, the President, Mr. D. P. Laird, in the
chair. A large number of members were present.
Two papers were read. The first paper, by Mr. W. H.
Riddel, The Grange Cemetery, on " The Labelling
of Plants," dealt rather scathingly with the errors
that are to be met with occasionally in gardens
in the naming of plants, gave some amusing and
ludicrous illustrations of the errors in nomenclature
and orthography which had come under his notice, and
urged the importance of accuracy in this matter in
the interests alike of gardening, its patrons and prac-
titioners. A lively discussion followed led by Mr.
McKenzie, Warriston Nursery, in which, while the
literary merits of the paper were cordially acknow-
ledged, the writer's allegations of almost universal
ignorance on the subject of plant nomenclature by
gardeners were keenly criticised and repudiated.
The second paper, read by Mr. Davidson, Pilrig Nur-
series, on " Fruit Culture as a Profitable Industry,"
was listened to with great attention and interest.
The writer in the outset dwelt briefly on the
statistics of hardy fruit culture in this country,
stating that so recently as 1883 about 185,000 acres
were under fruit culture in England and Scotland ;
that it was computed by the best authorities that the
value per acre, taking all classes of hardy fruits into
account, would be about £40, and that the total
aci-eage yielded £7,400.0<!)0 per annum. It was
further stated that the value of imported fruit from all
countries was about £3,000,000, that imports were in-
creasing, and the demand for fruit still exceeded the
supply. After a statement of the condition of the fruit
culture in Britain, he advised concerted action, and
the formation of a Pomological Society to take the
matter np. In the prolonged discussion which fol-
lowed, the points raised by the writer were freely
canvassed, Mr. Dunn, Dalkeith, being of opinion
that Scotch culinary Apples, from young well-grown
trees, were superior to any that were imported.

Mr. M. Todd, florist and fruit merchant, stated
that when home-grown Apples were good, as they
had been this season, they were quite as saleable as
the best American produce ; but he found that from
the merchant's point of view they were not so de-
sirable, as they did not keep so well — a circumstance
which he was disposed to ascribe to the greater
thickness of skin of the imported fruit. Other
speakers were of opinion that home-grown fruit
would keep better in the shops if more attention was
given to the proper time to gather each variety.

Chrysanthemum blooms were exhibited in con-
siderable numbers and grand condition by Messrs.
R. B. Laird & Sons, Messrs. Methven & Sons ; Mr.
Carruthers, Hillwood, Corstorphine, to whom was
awarded a Cultural Certificate for the conspicuous
excellence of his exhibit ; and Mr. Henderson,
Clerewood, Corstorphine.

A new white seedling Grape was exhibited by Mr.
Webster, Gordon Castle. It is an amber variety,
of medium size of bunch and berry, the substance firm,
and the flavour resembling that of a Sweetwater. The
opinion of the award committee was that it was dis-
tinct, and that as a companion to Black Hamburgh it

was an acquisition, and worthy of a certificate, which
was awarded the following day on being examined by
daylight. The bunch was from a pot Vine, and it
was inferred that the obvious excellent qualities of
the variety would be enhanced by more libera
culture of Vines planted out. W. S.

Smith & Son v. Waite, Nash & Co., &c.

Judgment has been given by Lord M'Laren in the
action at the instance of William Smith & Son, seed
merchants, 18, Market Street, Aberdeen, against
Messrs. Waite, Nash & Co., seed merchants, 70,
Southwark Street, London, for £2500 for alleged
breach of contract. On Decembers, 1885, the pur-
suers wrote to the defenders stating that they wanted
" 100 bushels real true Old Meldrum Green-top
Yellow Turnips," and offering the price of IGs. per
bushel "if you can assure us of the quality of the
stock." On December 11 the defenders replied that
they could book the pursuers 100 bushels Old Mel-
drum Turnips at 185. nett ; and on December 17 the
pursuers wrote to the effect that if the Old
Meldram Green-top Yellow Turnips offered were
of a really reliable stock, they would take
100 bushels at the original offer — 175 per
bushel. The defenders acknowledged receipt of the
order. The defenders forwarded to the pursuers in
implement of the order, " 100 bushels Old Meldrum
Green-top Yellow Turnips." The pursuers took
delivery of the seed, and resold it in various quan-
tities to merchants in Aberdeenshire. The pursuers
stated that the seed was a mixture, as was subse-
quently shown by its growth, consisting of from one-
half to two-thirds of seed of the Old Meldrum Green-
top Yellow Turnip, and the remainder the seed of
an entirely diSerent kind — a Tankard variety. They
averred that the seeds were so much alike to the
eye as to be undistinguishable. They also stated
that the Green-top Yellow Scotch Turnip is spe-
cially suited for growth in a severe climate, such as
the North of Scotland ; and that the Tankard
Turnip is not suited for use there, as it cannot with-
stand the severity of the climate. The pursuers
alleged that a considerable proportion of the crops
grown from the seed supplied to them by the
defenders gave way early in the season. On the
nature of the crop becoming apparent, claims of
damages were intimated by the purchasers of the
seed against the merchants who had supplied it, and
the merchants, in turn, intimated claims against the
pursuers. The pursuers have paid in such settle-
ments £172 5s. 8d. ; and there were still a number
of unsettled claims. The defenders pleaded that, as
they gave no warranty in regard to the seed, and
stipulated that they should not be responsible for
crop, the pursuers were not entitled to damages.

His Lordship heard counsel on the evidence, and
at the close said that the claim was certainly a
hard one, so far as the defenders were concerned
In his opinion, damages had not been proved to
anything like the amount concluded for; and it ap-
peared to him that, from the precautions that were
taken, an occurrence of that kind must be rare.
Looking to the usage of the trade, he found that
the Tankard Turnip was, from the farmers point
of view, a thing specifically distinct from the Green-
top Yellow, and to give the one for the other was not
a mere error of description, but a substantial failure
to comply with a contract of sale. It was really worse
than no delivery at all. It had been proved to his
satisfaction that the Turnips that came up from
this seed were to a large extent perfectly useless, and
it appeared that the pursuers had still £488 15s.
of claims against them unsettled. The claim for
loss of reputation he thought was not established.
He thought in cases of this kind, where there was
no fault, but simply such a mistake as all men, being
fallible, were liable to, and where the loss was very
large in proportion to the amount of the original
contract, that it had always been the practice in
fairness to the offending party to estimate the
damages on the lowest scale possible, and even to
allow some share of the loss to fall upon the person
whose contract had been broken. In all the circum-
stances his Lordship thought that justice would ]>«

done to the pursuer here, for the damage which he
had sustained and might sustain, if he awarded him
the sum of £600 damages and expenses.

Counsel for Pursuers — Sir Charles Pearson and
Mr. C. N. Johnston. Agents— Scott, Moncrieff &
Traill, W.S.

Counsel for Defenders — Mr. M'Kechnie and Mr.
Salvesen. Agent— W. G. Roy, S.S.C. From " Scots-
many' November 1.

The Weather.

Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or
below the
Mean for
the week
ending
Oct. 31.

Accumulated.

DlSTMOTS.

1

2^

la
1*

Principal Wheat^pro-
ducing Districts.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

0. Scotland. N. ...

1 below

22

13

+ 61

+ 64

1. Scotland, E. ...

0 (aver.)

31

13

+ 99

+ 73

2. England, N.E. ...

2 below

26

13

— 53 + 113

3. England, E. ...

4 below

32

17

— 129 + 221

4. Midland Cos. ...

3 below

36

19

— 95 + 222

6. England, S. ...

4 below

37

15

— 174

+ 2(9

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

1 below

30

13

— 65|+ 81

7. England, N.W..,.

3 below

25

8

— 66 + 144

8. England, S.W....

4 below

35

9

— 94 + 201

9. Ireland, N.

2 below

29

7

+ 136 + 23

10. IKELAND, S.

2 below

39

8

+ 156 + 110

— Channel Islands

4 below

44

0

- 71+ 77

RADfTALL.

Bright

Sunshine.

DISTBIOTS.

la .

|5

it
Eh

l.S

Pi

g'S a

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

6 more

193

32.7

13

24

1. Scotland, E. ...

3 less

143

19.1

28

33

2. England, N.E. ...

3 less

131

15.5

39

33

3. England, E. ...

3 more

124

15.0

51

41

4. Midland Cog. ...

6 more

112

15.2

51

37

5. England, S. ...

5 more

110

15.5

47

41

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

2 more

143

29.5

33

36

7. England, N.W..,.

4 more

123

19.5

37

37

8. England, S.W....

16 more

117

20.0

42

47

9. IBELAND, N.

9 more

145

25.1

29

33

10. Ireland, S.

15 more

120

21.6

39

41

— Channel Islands

14 more

132

17.6

43

51

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summarr record of the weather for
the week ending Oct. 31, is furnished from the
Mpteorological Oifice : —

" The weather was generally fine and bright during
the earlier part of the period, but towards its close

570

THE GARDENEBS' CHEONICLE.

[NOVEMBEB 5, 1887.

the conditions became very unsettled in all parts of
the kingdom, with heavy falls of rain. At a few
places thunder and lightning were experienced.

" The temperature has continued below the mean in
all districts excepting ' Scotland, E.,' the dehcit
ranging from 1° in 'Scotland, N.,' and 'Scotland,
W.,' to i° in ' England, E.,' ' England, S.,' ' England,
S.W.,' and the ' Channel Islands.' The highest of
the maxima, which were generally recorded on the
28th, varied from 54° in 'England, N.W,,' to fil°
over southern, central, and eastern England. The
lowest of the minima were registered on the 26th,
when the thermometer fell to 20° in the ' Midland
Counties,' ' England, S.,' and ' England, S.W.,' and
to between 22° and 29° in most other districts. In
the 'Channel Islands ' the lowest reading was 33°.

" The rainfall has been less than the mean in
' Scotland, E.,' and ' England, N.E.,' but more in all
other districts. In Ireland and the south-west of
England the amount has been very heavy.

" Bright sunshine shows an increase on that re-
ported last week, the percentage of tlie possible
amount of duration ranging from 13 to 33 in Scot-
land, from 29 to 39 in Ireland, and from 37 to 51 in
England.

MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
INQ THE WEEK ENDING NOV. 12. (AVERAGE OF
FOKTY-THKEE YEARS.)

Nov. 6 ...

... ii^A

Nov. 10

.. 43''.3

„ 7 ... .

... 44°.l

„ 11

.. 43°.l

., 8 ...

... iZ'.i

... 43°.5

., 12

Mean for the week

.. 42''.8
.. 43'>.6

Notices to Correspondents.

*^* Correspondents will greatly obli}:ce by sending
early intelligence of local events likely to be of
interest to our readers, or of any matters which it
is desirable to brin^ under the notice of horti-
culturists.

Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remark-
able plants, trees, &c., are also solicited.

Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters
relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of
the Paper, should he addressed to the Publisher,
and that all communications intended for publica-
tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming,
should be addressed to the Editor. Such com-
munications should be writte^i on one side only
of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos-
sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should
be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the
Editor to see.

Adiantum Faeleyense : W. P. This Fern does
sometimes produce spores. Sow in early spring.

Abrangement of a Threequaeter-Span House,
&c. : Banhiry. Plant Vines at 5 feet asunder in
the front of the house, to be allowed to run up to
the apex in course of time. Other Vines may be
planted in the inside border, either against the
back wall or directly under the apex of the roof.
These may be allowed to cover the shorter slope.
It will be better to make an outside as well as an
inside border, with ample openings in the front
wall for the roots to pass. Vines and Vine Culture,
by Mr. A. F. Barron, may be obtained from the
author. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick. or from the office of the Journal of Hor-
ticulture, 171, Fleet Street. E.C.
Books: W. C. 0. Handy Book of the Flower Garden,
by David Thomson. (Blackwood & Sons, Edin-
burgh and London). — Constant Reader. At the
price you name there is Beeton's Garden Manage-
ment, published by Messrs. Ward, Lock & Co.,
"Warwick House, Salisbury Square, London, E.C. —
Bev. Canon Ellacornbe. The only copy of the
book — Nomenclature of Japanese Plants — is at
Kew, and we understand it was procured through
the Stationery Office from one of the foreign book-
sellers. The price could be ascertained from the
same source. — Nizam.. The Illustrated Dictio7iary
of Gardening, e^Xif^A. by G. Nicholson, and Thomp-
son's Gardeners'' Assistant, would answer your pur-
pose. We make it a practice never to recommend
traders. — G. P. Henfre^ys Elementary Course,
4th edition, by Dr. M. T. Masters ; and A Course
of Practical Instruction in Botany, by F. 0. Bower
and S. IJ. Vines, D.Sc.

Clianthus Dasipieri : Monhrillant. We should
doubt the suitability of this plant as a subject to
plant as undergrowth to Palms, Agaves, &c., even
in so sunny a clirae as that of the Riviera, unless
the Palms stand sufficiently wide apart to let the
sun play on the plants rather freely. It needs a
rich soil, ample drainage, and suffers considerably
from injuries to the roots. Three square feet to
one plant would not be too much at starting,
which is three plants to the square metre. Two
seeds should be put into each hole, the plants to
be reduced to one should both germinate. Sown
now, it would probably bloom next season.

Correction. — In our last issue, p. 530, article on
Hailstones, the word ^jieets should have been melts.

Double Flowers on an Orange Tree Usually
Bearing Single Flowers : A. P. It is not an
uncommon occurrence for a few flowers to come
double, but it is very rare to hear of a large tree
bearing only double flowers.

Grasshopper of Eucharis. — By an unavoidable acci-
dent the accompanying woodcut, representing the
young grasshopper (fig. 113, p. 565), of the natural
size and somewhat magnified, hatched from the
curious elongated eggs (fig. 112, p. 565) found in
a bulb of Eucharis Candida (figured in our issue
of September 24 last) was omitted, and is here
introduced, together with the figure of the bulb
itself, showing the position in which the eggs had
been introduced by means of the elongated ovipo-
sitor of the female grasshopper. /. 0. W. [To
avoid confusion, and to still further elucidate the
matter, we reproduce the figure of the grass-
hoper eggs alluded to by Professor Westwood. Ed.]

Hybridisation. Dr. B. We do not know of any
English translation other than those you mention.
The facts are summarised by Darwin and in most
of the standard text-books of botany. See also
Dr. Focke's Die Pfianzen Mischlinge.

Insects : W. L. Your Beech tree is infested with a
species of coccus, or scale (Coccus Fagi). When
it attacks young trees, forming a thick coating of
the white matter, it would become very detri-
mental, exhaustiug the tree. It should be scraped
off", and the stem or branches washpd with gas-tar
water and soapsuds. /. 0. W.~J. F. P. It is not
injurious to plants.

Lapageria, Nash Court Variety ; J. Laing ^■
Sons. — Very beautiful flowers, of great size and
substance. We never saw a finer variety of this
plant.

Mandevillia suaveolens. a. H. This fruits but
rarely. Please send specimens.

Names of Fruits : J. C. WesthrooJc. Yes, you can
leave the specimens at our office, or send by post,
as you like. — T. W. E. Duchesse d'Angou-
leme. — Merimietks. Prars ; l,Figue de Naples; 2,
Comte de Lamy ; 3. Beurr^d'Esperen ; 4, Duohesse
d'Angoulerae ; 5, Beurre Bosc. Apple : 5, Dutch
Mignonne. — Scarborough. 8, Warner's King;
23, Winter Peach ? ; 28, AVareham Russet ? ;
33, Dumelows Seedling; 34, Norfolk Stone;
others unknown. — H. J. P. 9, Blenheim Orange;
10, Cockpit; 11, Yellow Ingestrie ; 12, Beurr^
Capiaumont. — Ge?ieral Benso7i. Pears : 1, Brown
Beurr6; 2, not recognised; 3, Beurr^ Gris ; 4,
Marie Louise. Apple: 5, Sturmer Pippin. —
W. C. M. Pears: 1, Urban iste ; 2, White Doy-
enne ; 3, not recognised ; 4, Huyshe's Victoria.
Apples: 1, Flower of Kent; 2, Grange's Pearmain;
3, Scarlet Nonpareil ; 4, Minshul Crab ; 5, Byson
Wood Russet; 6. Old Nonpareil— jr. ff. Tillett.
Apple : Calville St. Sauveur. — A. U. S. Apples :
1, Warner's King; 2, Mank's Codlin. Pears:
1, Beurr6 Diel ; 2, Beurr6 Superfin. — J. G.
Apple : Hambledon Deux Aus. — T. Matke-
son. Apple: Sturmer Pippin. — J. IJdalc. 1, Gloria
Mundi ; 2 and 3, unknown ; 4. Dumelow's Seed-
ling; 5, Mere de Manage; 5, New Rock Pippin;
7, Downton Pippin.

Names of Plants : Alex. Ncilson. Tamarix ger-
manica.— ?K 7^. Passiflora raceinosa, generally
called P. princeps. — J. G. 1, Carpinus Betulus
(Hornbeam) ; 2, Ilex insignis. — No name sent.
1, Pteris longifolia; 2. Lastrea cristata ; 3, Adian-
tum trapemforme ; 4, Cystopteris fragilis ; 5,
Euouymus europaeus ; 6. Cattleya Forbesii. — J.
Hudson. 1, Microlepia hirta .eristata; 2, Gymno-
gramma Martensi ; 3. Acacia pendula ; 4, A.
arraata ; 5, Begonia nitida, white var. ; 6, Adian-
tum cuneatum ; 7, A. cuneatum ; 8, Polypodium
aureum ; 9, Dracaena congesta; 10, D. rubra; 11,

Lastrea decomposita ; 12, Nephrolepis tuberosa ;
13, Pteris hastata ; 14, Francoa, not in flower.
Another time do not send more than six. —
E. J. The large faded flower is Zygopetalum
Mackaii, the smaller Z. intermedium. — Handswood,
Epidendrum ciliare. — W. J. A. Cypripedium
insigne, ordinary. — H. W. W. l.Epiphyllum truu-
catum ; 2, Croton ; 3, Acalypha rausaica ;
5, Selaginella ca;sia arborea ; 6, Croton near
Johannis ; 7, Croton cornutus ; 9, Abeliarupestris;
10, Hibiscus rosa sinensis.

Old Loam from Mushroom Bed : Ed. Hy. H. This
should never be employed a second time, or good
results cannot be looked for. To make trust-
worthy spawn this loam is also unsuitable, and
what you call " fibry matter" is not living spawn
which you observe running through it. Sweep-
ings from town streets may make a lasting
Mushroom-bed; as it consists chiefly of horse-
dung : much will depend on the i-elative amount
of the latter.

Orange Culture. B. See Sub-tropical ClimateSy
4'c., by R. C. Haldane : Blackwood & Sons.

Pollen-tube. Dr, B. These were first observed in
1822, byAmici, an optician of Modena : see Annales
des Scie7iccs Naturelles, li., 1824, p. 64.

Seaweed and Raspberry Crops : F. S. The fruit-
grower on the Tamar may find seaweed of some
benefit as a manure and a mulch on poor land, and
probably its value to the Raspberry canes is due
to its use in the latter way. The "wrack," or
seaweed, is much employed by fruit-growers, and
raisers of early vegetables, in the Channel Islands ;
and where it can be done — unless it be for crops
not requiring much manure — it is better to mix it
largely with farmyard manure, road-scrapings,
loamy soil, &c.

Sewage Manure : " Pressed Care : "' F. S. This
manure, obtained by precipitation, can be obtained
at various places where the treatment of the
sewage by precipitation is adopted — Aylesbury, the
London sewer outfalls, Erith and Crossness. Such
manure should be obtainable at a very little cost,
as it is of poor quality, owing to the small quantity
of nitrogen contained in it.

Share in a Partnership of a Business : i?. S.
This should be determined by the agreement
entered into at the time the joint business began.
In the absence of any agreement, each would share
in proportion to the amount he had invested.

Smell of Liquid Manure : E. G. W. Dry
powdered loam or clay would deodorise the smell
if sprinkled over the soil. Powdered charcoal
would also answer.

To Insert Mistleto Berries into Branches of
Apple Trees : A. P. The operation of inocu-
lating any species of tree with the Mistleto is very
seldom attended with much success. We should
consider it to be good practice to bury the seeds
as soon as they are quite ripe in damp sand until
the mild days of spring, when slight pits cut
down to the cambium should be made on the
underside of branches of not more than four or
five years old. Into these pits the seeds might be
inserted, and fixed securely with pegs of bone, or
very hard wood. As Mistleto is found in the
greatest abundance where there is more than the
normal amount of moisture in the air surrounding
the trees, experiments in growing it should be
made on trees similarly placed as those standing
uear a lake, river, or water meadow. In some
parts of Europe the common white Poplar is ex-
tensively planted to dry up the excess of moisture
present in swampy land, which the tree does in a
remarkable manner. On such trees Mistleto is
found in so great abundance as to cause large
limbs to be torn ofl" by its weight. Maples in
such sites are often found almost equally well
loaded with the parasite.

Truffles : Enquirer. There is nothing known defi-
nitely about the cultivation of the above, and
all attempts to grow Truffies have resulted in
failure.

Vitality of Mummy Wheat ; J. P. The story is
thoroughly disbelieved by botanists. The alleged
cases do not bear scrutiny. We cannot at the
moment refer you to the scattered literature of the
subject.

Work in American Nurseries : G. T. Advertise
in the American Gardeners' Monthly, published in
Philadelphia, and the Airierican Garden, published
at 761. Broadway, New York.

NOVEMBIB 5, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

571

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

F. RcEMER. Quedlinbiirg, Germany — Pansies.

F. & A. Dickson, Upton Nurseries, Chester — Roses,

James Cocker & Sons, SunDypark, Aberdeen, N,B,

— Roses.
BoDLTON & Padl, Nonvich — Greenhouses, Boilers,

&c.
J. Peed & Sons, Streatham Nurseries, Mitcham

Road, Streatham, S.W.— Roses, Fruit Trees, &c.
Dammann & Co., San Giovanni a Teduccio, near

Naples, Italy — Wholesale Price List of Seeds.
E. R. Cant, Colchester — Roses.
H. Strauss, Ehrenfeld, near Cologne — Palm Seeds

and Orchids.
Edwards & Bell, 14, Church Street, Pietermaritz-

burg. Natal — Seeds.
Wood & iNGRAii, Huntingdon — Nursery Stock,

Trees, &c.
T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, Lon-
don— Roses, Pajonies, Christmas Roses, &c.
Jasies Yates, Underbauk, Stockport — Carnations,

Picotees, and Roses.

Communications Keceited.— d. t. f. (letter will follow
shortlv),— Dr. Bonavia (letter will follow shortly),— G. W.
Richards.— G. P. W.— H. C— W. T.— J. V. V., Brussels.—
Professor Pirotta. — Barr & Son.— E. B. (under considenition).
— G. P.— J. Philipson (next week).— J. H. K., Haarlem.—
\Y. B.— Christmas Roses.— G. P.— T. H.S.— W. R.— F. W. B.
— \V. J. M.— W. J. P.— S. C— F. T. M.— R. D.— D. 3. Y.—
.T. D.—" Oxford "—F. Sander & Co.— O. T.— One who liVes
them all.— F. Ashton.— Karl Goetze— J. T. E.— R. M.
tip" Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or
asking questions demanding time and research for their solution,
nwst not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the

lARKETS.

CO VENT GASDEN. Koocniber 3.

[We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not ouly
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Maeket exceedingly dull. No alteration. James
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Pkices.

Chrysanthemums,
per dozen ... ... 4

Cyclamen, per do7,eul3
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,
per dozen 6

0-9 0
0-24 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0
0-15 0

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6 0-24 0

Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0
Ficus elaatica. each .16-70
Foliage plants, v£

Fuchsias, doz.
Heliotrope, dozen
Myrtles, per dozen.

Pelargoniums,
let, per dozen

. 2 0-10 0
,30-90
.40-80
. 6 0-12 0

each 2 6-21 0

Cot Flowebs.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Asters, 12 bunches...
Bouvardias, per bun.
Caraellias, 12 blms...
Carnations, 12 blms.
Chrysanth., 12 bun.
— large, 12 blooms
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardeniaa. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 apr.
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms

Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette, 12 bun.

» 6- 1 0

i 0- 6 0

0-3 0

. 0-12 0

0-9 0
a- tf 0
9- 3 Ol

Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 9- ]

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 tj- I
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-1

Roses. Tea, per doz. 1 0- '•

— coloured, dozen. 1 0- A

— red, per dozen ..,2 0-1

— Saffrano, dozen... 0 9- 1
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4 0- (
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 6- I
Violets, 12 bunches... 0 9- 1

— French, bunch... 1 0- ]

— Fr. Parme, bun. 5 0-6
White Lilac. Fr.. bun. 7 0- t

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ...
Aubergines, each ... 0 4- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle ,
Cucumbers, each
Endive, per dozen ,
Green Mint, bunch,
Herba, per bunch .
Leeks, per bunch .
Lettuce, per dozen .

16-20
0 6-10
2 0- ...
0 4- ...

Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 3- ...
Mushrooms, pimnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel .. . 5 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0-60

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per buBhel... 2 $- ...
T*oniatos, per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, new, bimch 0 8- ...

Potatos. — Regents, 50s. to 90s. ; Magnum Bonums, 50s. to
805. ; Beauty of Hebrons, 100s. to 110s. ; Whit« Elephants,
100s, ; Victorias, lOOi. per ton.

Fbdit. — Average Wholesale Prioes.

... 13-36 Melons, each

... 16-40 Peaches, dozen

10-30 Pears, ^si

s. d.

Apples, ^sieve
Plums, i-sieve
Grapes, per lb.
— Channel ls\., lb. 0 6- 0 9 — French, do:
Kent Cobs. 1001b.. ..65 0- ... Pine-appIes,Eng..lb. 10-30
Lemons, per case .,.13 0-21 0 \ —St. Michael, each 3 0-50

...0 6-2 0

...30-90

...26-60

10-16

SEEDS.

London : Kovotiber 2. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report to-
day's market thinly attended, with but little business
doing. Clover seeds all round for the moment
excite no attention. A fair amount of transactions
have lately taken place in Italian Kye-grass at full
rates ; stocks in Prance seem as nearly as possible
used up. Sainfoin is also tliis season exceedingly
scarce. Haricot Beans, on account of their scarcity,
are held for a substantial advance. There is no
change in the value of blue boiling Peas. Rather
less money is accepted for feeding Linseed. Hemp
seed is again dearer. Canary seed steady.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended October 29:— Wheat, 30s. Id,- Barley,
295. 7d. ; Oats, 15s, 5d. For the corresponding
week in 1886 :— AVheat, 30s. 3d.; Barley, 275. 7d. ;
Oats, 175. 7d.

FRTTIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia ; November 2. — Moderate supplies of all
kinds of vegetables, Potatos, &c. Trade fairly active,
at prices as follows; — Cauliflowers, 25. 6t^. to 4s. Qd.
per dozen ; Cabbages, 45. to 95. per tally ; Brussels
Sprouts, 25. to 2s. ^d. per half-sieve ; Greens, 2s. to
35. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 25. 9rf, to 45. do. ;
Carrots, 2s. to 2s. 3(^. do. ; Celery, 8s. to 125. per
dozen bundles; Beetroots, Is. ^d. to 25. 9(i. per dozen
bunches ; English Onions. 5s. to 65. percwt. ; foreign
do., 45. to 5s. per bag of 110 lb. ; Lisbon aud Spanish
do., 7s. to 75. Qid. per box; Carrots, 305. to 40s. per
ton. Cooking Apples, 35. to 55. per bushel ; eating
do., 35. Qd. to 55. do. ; Blenheim do., bs. to 6s. do.

Stratford : Noveniber 1. — There have been good
supplies of all kinds of produce, and a brisk trade
was done at the undermentioned quotations : —
Cabbages, 45. Gd. to Gs. Gd. per tally ; Savoys, 75. to 85.
do. ; Greens, 25. to 2s. Gd. per bunch ; Cauliflowers,
3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. per dozen ; Turnips, 25. 3d. to 25. dd.
per bag ; Carrots, household 45s. to 50s. per ton ; do.,
cattle feeding, 30s. to 34s.. do. ; Parsnips, Sd. to lOc^.
per score ; Mangels, 17s, to 225. per ton ; Swedes,
235. to 24s. do. ; Onions, Dutch, 6s. Gd. to 75. per
bag ; Apples, English, 4s. Qd. to 75. Gd. per pad,
25. to 5s. per bushel ; AValnuts, 25. to 3s. per peck ;
Horse Radish, Is. 2d. to Is. 4d. per bundle ; Carrots,
25. Gd. to 3s. Gd, per dozen bundles ; Watercress, 65.
per dozen.

POTATOS.

BoEODGH AND Spitalfields : November 1. —Supplies
continue to come to market freely, and stocks
having accumulated, easier rates are taken to force
business, which, however, is very slow. Quotations :
— Regents, 55s. to 1155.; Hebrons, 90s. to 105s.;
Early Roses, 90s. to 105s. ; Magnum Bonum, bos. to
80s. per ton.

Columbia (East London) : November 2. — Quota-
tions :• — Schoolmaster, 8O5. to 90s. ; Reading Hero,
7O5. to 8O5.; Early Rose, 70s. to 8O5. ; Beauty of
Hebron, 70s. to lOOs. ; V^ictorias, 60s. to 70s. ; Re-
gents, 60s. to 80s. ; Magnums, 55s. to 80s. per ton.

Stratford : Noveinber 1. — Quotations ; — Beauty
of Hebron, 100s. to 130s. ; high land Magnums, 60s.
to 7O5. ; fenland do., 505. to 60s. ; Scotch Regents,
7O5. to 855. ; Essex do., 60s. to 705. per ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week con-
sisted of 3063 bags from Hamburg, 1003 Ghent, 11
Gothenburg, 39 Rotterdam, 32 Bremen, 20 New
York, 16 Ostend, and 65 packages from Flushing.

HAY.

Averages. — The follo,wing are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week :— Clover, prime, SOs. to
100s. ; inferior, Cos. to 845. ; hay, prime, 70s. to
925. (^d. ; inferior, 455. to 75s ; and straw, 275. to 405.
per load.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 tor 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bu3heI bags, 4d. each.

LIGHT BKOWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. 6d. per sack ; 6 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, 4d, each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s.; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel; 16s. per half
ton : 2t3s. per ton. in 2-bushel bags. id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Dniry
Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.O.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best quality, as supplied to the Royal Gardens, l^c.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 10 sacks for 10s., 15 for

14,!., 20forl8s.,30for26s. ; two ton truck, 25s, Free on rail.
RUSSLV MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT. 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 6 for 22s. (Id.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack, 6 tor 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel; 14j. i-ton-
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 3s. per sack. [25s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA. LABELS, STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VXBGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUMMOSS, 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack.
SPECIALITB TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each Si, perlb.

28 lb. tor las. Price List tree by post.

W. HERBERT AKD CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT. — Excellent for Heaths and general use, 7s. per yard,
45. per sack. Orchid (.-ipecialite), finest selected Fern fibre,
6s. 6d. per sack. Rliododeudron, 10s. per ton; not less
than 5 tons.

LOAM,— Good fibrous, 13s. per ton, ls.9d. per sack.
LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.
SILVER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, Ss.Qd.
and 8s. per ton.

SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh, 6s. 6d. per sack.

GRAVEL. — Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths,

8s. Qd. per ton.

The above prices are the lowest ev
will be in force three months only.

■ offered to growers, and

GATERELL & SON, Peat Merchants, Rjngwood.

GISHUKST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing tor Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d.

GISnURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

RUSSIA MATS.

SLY, DIBBLE &; CO.. 129, Commercial Street,

Spitalfields, London, E

p A E, D

VJX We have ju:... ,^
specially selected for (Jard

N MAT S.—

ived our New Season's MATS.

NEW ARCHANGEL (full size), 90s. per 100. 10s. per ten.
BEST HEAVY RUSSIAN, 70s. per JOO, 7s. 6d. per ten.
Other sorts cheaper.
BRINKWORTH and SONS. Importers. Reading.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS,

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats,

RAFFIA (Fresh Arrival),

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS m APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16.000 of the Kobility, Gentry,
an.1 Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Owt., and Oil Mlzture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE tpr.;. E.C. ;
BAOHELOK'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Zfecotoi* for Cash.

572

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEB 5, 1887.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

JBLACI\:BURN and sons are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C.

"certain SUDDEN DEATH*

To all Grubs. Aphis. Lice. Red Spider, Thrip. Mealy

Buy. Caterpillars, &c.. &c.
pcDrcQTi Y ) to the Hands and Skin, but will cure
u.i...if.o RinsM-onn in Animals, and all Diseases
HARmLcSS ; proilnced by parasites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A combination of HvOrnrarbnn ("liN, made soluble in
Water, for Destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Hoots or
on the Foliage.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists. ls.6d, 28. 6d, & 4s. 6d;

4 gallon 7s. 6d. 1 gallon l'2s. 6d, or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GKIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale: Hooper & Co.; Corrv, Sopkr, Fowler & Co.;
C. E. OsMAN & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. NEW
YORK— RoLKER & Sons.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

Throws a fine
xprai/ 20 ft., and
a Jet 30./?., with
great force.

A splendid
substitute for the
Sijringefor using
Insecticide, Price
25s. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45s.
Carriage Paid.

HUGHES'

I^APHICIDE

HUGHES'

GREEN &cREAiyi COLOR SHADING

Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applied — Lasts all the
Summer, and can then be easily washed off. 1b,, post 1/3.
For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas,
&c.. and for Cut Flowers.

HUGHES'
FLORAL CEMENT.

on t(. Florists and all lover

of Flowers. Dries

in-stautiy.

Sold in bottles. Is. & 2s.

I'er post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding after I'runmg.
Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2/6. Per po»t, ;)d. extra.
For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, UllplJCC'
Crickets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nUwrlLO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effcctujll in OreenhoUReB,— for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price. <ld,, 18. & 2/6. Per post 3d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, TSjifS^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANOHEST^

THOMAS'S

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS

straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.

As illustrated above, prjce '.js. 3rf. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Tmnina Holdfasts.— No. 632.
I .^\ No. 6321. (S»

Jj^ _JI Per doz.

"r*Ai 2s.

3 3^ inches.
3d., 4d., 6d., Vd. per doz.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

per 100 yards.
niustrated CATALOG!- E on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

Established, a.d. 1818.

HENRY HOPE,

Horttcidttiral Huilder
Hot-icater Engineer,

66, Lionel St., Birmingham.

Plans and Estimates on
application.
Experienced Workmen sent to any part of the Kingdom.

WATERPROOF TREE LABELS,

and all qualities of

DIRECTION LABELS,

for Nurserymen, Seed.tmen, and Florists.
Samples and PRICE LI.Sl on application.

FISHER, CLARE & CO.,

LABEL MANUFACTUKERS. BOSTON. LINCOLNSHIEE.

21 OZ Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
•■Us ,11 1 4tln qualities, always k.-pt in stock.

\ Iiir.^e Ht^ck of Similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glasa in
200 f. et boxes

Propigiting and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Arti. les can be obtained from

GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS,

OLA.SS. LE.4D. OIL an^i COLcilTR MERCHANTS.

34, St. Jolin Street, West Smltbfield, London, E.C.

stock List and ibices on a-fplicatnon. Quote CkranicU.

NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS of all descriptions, RAFFIA FLBEE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other ftrm this season.- MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9 and
10, James Street, Covent Garden. W.C.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 c

21 c

13J by 8J for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 16 ounce, 8 by 6,
12 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6 or 250 squares 8i by SJ, or 220
14 „ 10 „ 13/- ,, 19/- squares, 9} by 6^, or 170 squares,
14 „ 12 „ 17/S „ 24/- 9 by 7J, or 150 squares, 10 by 8.
12 „ 12 „ 13/- ,, 20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders
18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- over £3.
20 „ 12 .. 24/- „ 35/-

Gla-ss cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OEL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5d. per pound. Special quotationa
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,
14. Moor Lane, Cripplegate, London, E.C.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade AMark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the co^t.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the teat of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price It. 6rf. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, Is. 8d. per gallon in caakn of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.

_ rn -r j-\ Ti J Every Cask bears the above

CA U T 1 0 JS , Registered Trade Mark. Beware

litatic

HILL & SMITH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.O. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

■ May's Prf:.ss Guide.)

ADVERTISING AGENTS.

1.W, PICCADILLY.
London, W.,
RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London, Provincial,
Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre-
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.

Special advantages to Large Advertisers.

Established 18,=;o.

Only Address— 159. Piccadilly, London, W.

ADVERTISEMENTS
In-serted in the DAILY NEWS e.rii in all
LONDON. PROVrNCI.tL, and FOREIGN NEWSPAPEKS.
Exceptional Terms for a Series.

CONTRACTORS for the SPECIAL CORNER POSITIONS

On PAGES 2. 3, and 6 of the GLOBE.

The SPECIAL CORNERS of the EVENING STANDARD,

And the SPECIAL CORNTsRS on FRONT PAGE of the

PEOPLE.

Sole Agents for all Advertisements in the

OFFICIAL GOVERNMIiiKT POLICE GAZETTE.

WILLING'S, 126, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Telegraph Address—" WILLING'S, London."
Telephone No. 2773.

NoTBrtBEB 5, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

573

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-»««"
CHAMPAGNE, "JVENCEY," 30/-»»^e«.

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BT7ILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenliouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on ou

perfection of growing houses, aud for practical utility, economy, aud durability cannot be equalled. We
and that the vert best.

CoilserT3.torie3 and Winter Gardens desifjned architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our fin
trom the smallest to the largest. HOt-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guarant&

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c^ always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &C.

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDtNGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

U, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

Please send me " The Gabdenees' Chbonicle " for _
inencing ,for which I enclose P.0.0._

®° Please Note that all Copies sent Direct from tUs Office must be paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months. 7s. id. : 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6i. for 12 Mouths. India and China, 19s. id.

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made pat/able at the Post Office,

No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE

HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

This IS the simplest,
theapest. and most
powerful apparatus
made It requires no
bnek setting, nostoke-

hole and no hot-water

^ titter for fixing. The
Boiler stands in the
Greenhouse the front only being outside,
BO that the whole of the heat from the Boiler
itself IS utilised It burns over twelve
hours without attention at a nominal cost.
Price jis enf.,ri\in^ ^vith Boiler open feed syphon, 12ft. of
4 inch hot witer pipe, and patent joints, complete, £4 4s.

Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.
Cost of apparatus complete for Greenhouses as below

delivered free, with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing,
ft. ft. £ s. d.\ ft. ft. £ s. d. \ ft. ft. £ s. d.
10 X 6... 4 14 0 15 X 9... 5 10 8 25 X 12 ... 6 16 8
12 X 8... 5 1 0 120X10... 6 0 0 | 40 X 16 ... 12 12 4
Proportionate prices for other sizes. Estimates free.
Illustrated List, with full particulars of these and every
description of Fuel, Oa.s, and Oil Heating Stoves free.

DEANE & CO.,

HORTICILTUHAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER EsaiNEEBS,'

.6.,^Wimam^LO^pO^ BRIDGE.

FAWKES' Slow-combus-
tion HEATING APPARATUS.
— Fourth Season — numerous im-
portant improvements introduced.
Most efficient and cheapest in ex-
istence. Requires no sunk stokehole
and no brick setting. Will last all
night without attention. Will burn
house cinders, therefore costs next to
nothing for fuel. Any one can fix it.
A domestic servant can stoke it.
Boilers Delivered Carriage Paid
from £2 10s

Numbers

all I

■ the

country.

Only Slo V

Combustion A p-
paratus of t e

Beware of n
e^cient incom
plete Apparatus
which will not
last all night.
Full particulars

and Pric

of

CROMPTON Sl FAWKES,

CHELMSFORD.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long, 4s. Zd. each ;
4-in Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9feetlong, 45. 6rf. each.
Full Illustrated Revised Price List on application.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHOUSES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without attention. ROBERTS'S
PATENT TEERA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses. Bedrooms. &c. Pamphlets, Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, &.c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.O

574

THE GABDENEBS' CnRONICLE.

[NOVEMBKB 5, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

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MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

OEATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

^* INDIGESTION::;^

Sae Testimonial, selected from hundreds:—

CROYDON, 1885.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, I am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to allsufferinafrom the same.
"f. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. \\d., 2s. gd. and lis.

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BaUway Accidents, Employer's Liability, insured against by the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY, 64, Comhill, London. Income £246,000.
Compensation paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Karquhar, Esq.
West End Office. 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C; Head
Office. 64, Cornhill, London. E.C.

WILLUM J. VIAN, Secretary.

MOLYNEUX'S " CHR YS ANTHEMmiS
and their CULTURE."— Every Exhibitor should possess
a copy of this work, which is by far the best practical Book on
the subject yet issued, full of u-seful information, both to the
Exhibitor and Amateur. Price Is., post-free 1^. 2d.

Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street, London,
E.C. ; or from the Author, Swanmore Park Gardens, Bishop's
Waltham, Hants.

DO POULTRY PAY ?

EE MY PAMPHLET,

showing that I get 1680 EggS from 20 Hens in 6 winter
nths— I.e. from October to April, when eggs are of the highest

Unsolicited Testimonials condensed :—

" It is doubtless to the study of this important question that
Mr. Lower owes his success, and is able to assure us that
poultry can be made to pay."— CiUii Service Gazette.

■ ' This Pamphlet gives some extra ordinarj- results of manage-
ment of poultry." — Coming Events.

" Lord LiSMORE will be obliged if Mr. Lower will send him
6 more Pamphlets ' Do Poultry Pay ? ' "

Send stamped directed envelope and Is. in stamps to the
author, Mr. LOWER, 285, High Street. Cheltenham.
N.B. — In replying please name this Paper.

valu

The lady

. 3n I "* ^'y'^ f^' ^"''^^"^"'^

A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition.

NOW READY.

VINES AND VINE CULTURE

THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES
EVER PUBLISHED,

ARCHIBALD F. BARRON,

XVI,

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI,

XXII.

xxrii.
XX rv.

XXV.

XXVI.

XXVII.

Plates I.-

CONTENTS.

Historical Sketch.
Propagation of the Vine.
Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed.
Vine Borders: their formation, soils, &c.
Structures for Grape Growing.
Heating of Vineries.

Planting Vines : when and how to do it.
The General Management of Vineries.
Pruning and Training the Vine.
Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots.
Setting the Fruit.
Thinning the Fruit,
Keeping the Fruit.
Packing Grapes.
Pot Culture of Vines.
Fruitiug Vines in Pots.
Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants.
Ground Vineries.

The Great Grape Conservatory at Chiswick,
Vines on Open Walls.
Commercial Grape Culture.
Diseases and other Injuries.
Noxious Insects.

Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes.
The Classification of Grape Vines.
The Varieties of European Grapes.
The Varieties of American Grapes,
-XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes,

"JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE,

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supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
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six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Cmmties
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Belgian.

BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865. by F. Bubve-
NICH, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post/paid, 10s. per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

TROPICAL ACRICULTURIST,

A MONTHLY RECORD OF INFORMATION

FOR PLANTERS

Of Tea, Cacao, Cinchona, Cofee, Indiarvbber, Sugar, Palms,

Cotton, Cardamoms, Kola, Coca, Cinnamon, Ntctmegs,

Fibrous Plants, and other Products suited

for Cultivation in the Tropics.

Published at OfiserwerOffice. Colombo, Ceylon, on or about the

1st of each month. Commenced in June, 1881.
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THE TROPICAL AGRICCLTCmiSl,

As a medium for English, American, and Australian
ADVERTISEMENTS of goods suitable for the tropics, India
as well as Ceylon, the Straits Settlements, Java, and West
Indies (Central America being included in that terra), or
connected with agriculture, the Tropical Agriculturist stands
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as well as European and American Agriculturists. Being a
Monthly Periodical the Tropical Agriculturist lies on the
table and is very often referred to during each month — a fact
which Advertisers ^vill know how to appreciate.

Mr. "W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S., C.M.G.. Director of
Ke w Gardens, iivriting of the T.A., refers to it as " an astonishing
repertory of everything relating to the Economic Botany of
the East."

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for the '■ Tropical Agriculturist " may be addressed to
A. M. A>-D J. FERGUSON. Colombo.
J. HADDON AND CO., 3, Bouverie Street, London, E.C.
G. STREET AND CO., 30. Comhill, London, E.C.
Or Agr;nts in all parts of the World.

THE SYDNEY MAIL

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTEXTS —

INTERCOLONIAL and GEXERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and the FIELD, iu which is incorporated BELL'S
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RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Dran-n and engraved especi-
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NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTUEE.

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SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C.

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Street, E.C.
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Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
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Edinburgh ... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteotis & Co., 15, Eoval Exchange

Plate
^^ Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.

NovEJrBER 5, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

575

PARTNERSHIP. — A Nurseryman in the
South of Eogland. having two well-stockeil Nurseries, is
anxious to take a thoroughly energetic and trustworthy
Partner who has a knowledge of the trade. Will prove a
really good investment to a business man with a ino<lerate
capital. Established over thirty years. — For particulars
apply to Messrs. WEEKS an-d WATTS. Wokingham. Berks.
No agenta need apply.

Fruit and Flower Growers.

WANTED, an experienced practical MAN,
with Small Capital, to take Share of Business and
entire Management of 8 Houses.— W, BELL. Sutton-on-Trent.

ANIED, a HEAD GARDENER; Wife

as Laundry Maid. Three men under. A hundred
miles from London. Cottage and coal free, ilust be a working
man, accustomed to the Management of a Gentleman's Garden,
and understand his work in all its branches. — .\pply in writing
to Sir B., 6'i. Jermyn Street, London, S.W.

ANTED, a HEAD WORKING

GARDENER, where two are kept. Man without
family preferred. State wages, references, &c. — Mr. M.\GGS,
Post Office, .Melksham. Wilts.

Fmlt Tree Foreman.

WANTED, for a very extensive Provincial
Nursery, an experieuced and thoroughly pmctical
MAN, with a good knowledge of Fruit and Fruit Tree Culture.
— Apply, stating age. and where previously employed, to
A. D.. ',1. Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

ANTED, a smart COUNTER HAND.—

Apply, stating age, experience, salary expected, to
JAMES DICKSON AND SONS. 108. Eastante Street, Chester.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mk. John H. Smith, late Foreman at Lea
Castle, as Head Gardener to Mrs. Talbot, The
Oaklands, Kidderminster.

Mr. F. Pay, late Head Gardener to J. Mel-
LODEW, Esq., at Moor Hall, Cookham, Berks,
has been appointed to a similar position with the
Hon. Hallam Tennyson, Farringford, Fresh-
water, Isle of Wight.

WANT PLACES.

w

POSTAL OBDERS.— To Advertisers, Sitbscrihers, and
Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be Jill ed in payable to Ko. i2. DRURY LAS\'E,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is
knoivn, and it has bee7i made payable at a particular office, and
to a paTticidar person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B. -The btst and safest meayis of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

£,etters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious
names are not foncarded, but are at once returned to the

NOTICE TO ADVER7 ISERS.—In many instatices
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

ICH ARD SMITH and (Ta

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&C.— St. John's Nurserie.s. Worrr-ster.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or G.VRDENER3.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 233, High Holbom. W.C.

C 0 T C H GARDENERS.

— John DowxIE (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-
engagements. He wiU be pleased to supply full particulars
to any Lady. Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.—Several very supe-
rior MEN on our Books, whom we can recommend with
utmost confidence. Established 1717.— AUSTIN and McAS-
IiAN, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, 16, Buchanan Street. Glasgow.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments.
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND SONS. The Nurseries. Forest Hill, S.E.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
eeries, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of eicellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN, who. in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of IV^aging Large
Establiahments.

GARDENER (Head).— Four years Orchid
Grower; fifteen years' practical experience in Noble-
men's and Gentlemen's Gardens. Four years' character. — J. P..
11, High Street, Lewisham, Kent.

GABDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen
years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Flowers, and Vegetables; also Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character and testimonials.— CHARLES ARTHUR
TOLLEY. Mr. Cypher, Exotic Nursery. Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married;
Twenty-six years' practical experience in Vines. Pines,
Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, and all kinds of Stove and Green-
house Plants, Orchids, and the General Management of a good
Garden. First-class references. — G. LUCAS, Peasmarsh, Susses.

GARDENER (Head).— Middle-aged, married;
successful Grower of Grape'*. Melons, Cucumbers, and
Mushrooms. Good Flower and Kitchen Gardener. Six and a
half years' good chaiacter.— \V. B., Longhurst Cottage, Bull
Brook. Bracknell, Berks.

GARDENER (Head); age 29.— Wm. Bates,
Poulett Lodge, Twickenham, would have pleasure in
recommending his present Foreman (E. Charlton), who has
lived with him three years, to any Lady or Gentleman re-
quiring a thorough practical and trustworthy man. Fourteen
years' experience in several leading establishments.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three Under
Gardeners are kept. — Age 45 ; at liberty on October 1'4.
An excellent all-round Gardener, of long practice, would be
glad to meet with a situation. High wages not desired;
moderate wages accepted. — Letters to be addressed to F. M.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

GARDENER (Head) ; middle-aged. — W.
Swan, late of Howick, is seeking a fresh engagement.
Thorough practical knowledge of all branches of Gardening ;
first-class Grower and Raiser of Orchids. Abstainer. Testi-
monials and character of the highest order. Over thirty years'
experience. — Avenham Park, Preston.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— Geo. Smith,
Gardener, The Street, Chorley. Lancashire, will be pleased
to recommend his Foreman (R. Bateman) to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trustworthy man.
First-class experience in several leading establishments, in-
cluding Worksop Manor. Enville Hall, Eastnor Castle, Sec.
Land and Stock if required.

G^ ARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married, no
r family. — W. J. iBELi-SD, Gardener to Lord St. Oswald,
and previously with the Marquis of Headfort, offers his services
to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a first-class Gardener
for an extensive establishment. Leaving present situation at
own request. Testimonials of the highest order. — Nostell
Priory, Wakefield.

ARDENER (Head Working).- Ago 38,

married, no family : good character. Wnfe can assist in
House. J. T.. Oak Cottage, St. Ann's Road, Chertsey. Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27,
married, one child; thirteen years' experience in all
branchft-^. Excellent references for ability and character. —
GARDENER. Sandridge Park, Melksham, Wilts.

p ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37,

VUr married, no family; thoroughly practical in every de-
partment. Over three years' good character from last situ-
ation.— J. D., School Street, Higher Brinksway, Stockport.

GARDENER (Head Working), where three
or more are kept. — Age 39. married, two children ;
total abstainer. Has had twenty years' practical experience
in every branch of Gardening. Is a thoroughly competent,
reliable! industrious, and trustworthy Gardener. Excellent
references. — W. R., 5, Arthur Road. Brixton, S.W.

ARDENER (Head Working), or GAR-

DENER and BAILIFF. —No family; thoroughly prac-
tical in both. Excellent character and references.— J. L.,
1, Belcher's Lane, Bordersly Green, Birmingham.

GARDENER, — A Lady wishes to recommend
her Gardener, who thoroughly understands all branches
of Gardening. Has lived with me fourteen years. Leaving
through death.— B. W., The Rectory, Landbeach, Cambs.

GARDENER. — A Gentleman leaving his
Country-house, highly recommends his Gardener who
has lived with him seven years. Understands Glass and Flower
and Kitchen Gardens.— JAMES BULL. Evenley, Brackley.

GARDENER, with one, two, or three under
bim; age 36, married, four children.— A Gentleman
can recommend a Gardener with twenty-one years' experience
in Houses. Kitchen and Flower Gardens, who understands
Grapes, Melons. Peaches, &c.— CHARLES CAPLING, Bed-
hampton Hill, Havant.

ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 30,

married ; thirteen years' experience in all branches.
Excellent references for ability and character.— G. SMALL,
Upper Hartwell, Aylesbury, Bucks.

(~^ ARDENER (Single-handed, or where

VH" help is given): age 30, married, one child.— A Gentle-
man wishes TO recommend his Gardener as above ; under-
stands Fruit, Flowers, &c. — Rev. Mr. BOYD, Wiggonholt,
Pulborough, Sussex.

ARDENER (Second). — Age 22 ; good

character from past and present employers. Three
years in present place. — For particulars, address W. CUTTEN,
Mrs. Page, Fliston, Lowestoft.

ARDENER ( hied), Inside and Out.— To

live in a Bothy. Five years' good character.— J.
AKEES, Pennoyre, Brecon, South Wales.

GARDENER (Undek).— Age 20; five years'
experience. Good characters from last and previous
employers.— H. LANE. 8, Castle Place, Wellington Koad,
Hounslow. Middlesex.

GARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
ment.— Age 24 ; four years' experience Indoors and Out.
Good characters from present and previous employers. — WM.
WHITE. 5, Ricketts Street, West Bromplon, S.W.

FOREMAN ; age 27. — Mr. R. Gilbert,
Burgliley Gardens, Stamford, can with every confidence
recommend H. I'ostance in the above capacity to any Gar-
dener requiring such.

FOREJIAN, or JOURNEYMAN (First), in
the Houses, in a good establishment. — Age 24 ; eight
years' experience. Total abstainer. Good testimonials by
applying to Mr. J. BEALE, The Gardens, Woodhall Park,
Hertford, Herts.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24;
seven years in the General Nursery Business. — J. R.
HORTOK. Long Causeway. Peterborough.

JOURNEYMAN PROPAGATOR, or PALM
GROWER.— Thoroughly experienced in the above. Two
and a half years in present situation. Good references. — H.
Rt)BlNSUN. 5, Upton Park Koad. Forest Gate, Essex.

JOURNEYMAN (FmsT), in the Houses, in a
good establishment. — Age 24; ten years' experience.
Highly recommended.— J. HEARSEY, South Lodge, Pembelton
Road. East Molesey, Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN (First).- Mr. Kemp,
Edgeley House Gardens, Stockport, will be pleased to re-
commend G. Bell to any Gardener requiring a trustworthy
young man. Leaving through death of employer.

JOURNEYMAN. — Age 21 ; six years' experi-
ence. Thorough knowledge of Indoor work. Bothy pre-
ferred.—G. TURNER, The Gardens, Cranfield Court. Newport
Pagnell.

To Gardeners.
TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 20; over

JL three years' experience. Good character and well recom-
mended.—S. R. WOOLSTON. 172, Spa Road, Bermondsey, S.E.

IAIPROVER, in a large establishment.—
Age 21 ; strong and active. Willing to give a small
Premium. Good character.— W. WINGATE, Langton, Ma-
travers, Wareham.

q^O NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN.— F.

JL Thomson, seven years Head Gardener to Wm . Baring,
Esq., wishes for an engagement with any Lady or Gentleman
requiring the services of an energetic practical man; a first

Norman Court Gardens, Dean, i

TO NURSERYMEN and MARKET

T

Market Grower by an experienced and energetic man. Would
Invest Small Capital if required with a view to Partnership, or
would Manage a Private Place where the produce is grown for
market.— X. A., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

T'O GARDENERS, &c.— Wanted a situation
to Assist in Kitchen Garden, or would make himself
generally useful. Wife could assist in Cooking or Laundry.
Age 45 and 40, no family.- JOHN SPAULDING, 30, .Ajierley
Vale, Upper Norwood, S.E.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; hve years'
experience. Accustomed to Agricultural Seeds. Good
references.- KAPHANUS, W. Drummond & Sons, Stirling.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; seven
years' experience in all branches of the Trade. Accus-
tomed to brisk Counter Trade..— D. B., Hurst & Son, 152,
Houndsditch, London, E.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 22 ; nine years'
experience. First-class Counterman. Good references.
Abstainer. —WILLIAMS, 3. Sandilands Road, Wandsworth
Bridge Road, Fulham, S.W.

q^O NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN.—

X Wanted, a situation in General Office Work; age20J:
four and a quarter years' experience — in England (three years),
France (six months), and Germany (nine months).— P. M.
BUCK, Pulham, Norfolk.

O FLORISTS.— A young Lady seeks engage-

ment in a Florist's Shop to Learn the Business. Good
references. — A, H., Oakley Farm, Bromley Common, Kent.

HANDY MAN, at a Nursery or Market
Gardener's.- Painting, Glazing, and generally useful.
Good references.— J. W. LOWE, 10. Cornwall Street, Fulham,
London, S.W.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Easy Digestion.—
These admirable Pills cannot be too highly appreciated
for the wholesome power they exert over all disorders of the
stomach, liver, bowels, and kidneys. They instantaneously
relieve and steadily work out a thorough cure, and in its course
dispel headache, biliousness, flatulence, and depression of spirits.
It is wonderful to watch the daily improvement of the com-
plexion, as Holloway's Pills purify the blood and restore plump-
ness to the face which had lost both flesh and colour. These Pills
combine every excellence desirable in a domestic remedy. The
most certain and beneticial results flow from the oocasional use of
thisregulatingmedicine; evenpersonsiu health, or when follow-
ing sedentary occupations, will find it an invaluable aperient.

576

THE QAHDENEHS' CHRONICLE.

[November S, 1887.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

WPETEK.SandSON.S,44, TenterSt.,South,
• Goodman's Fields. London, E.. are now selling, at
extremely Low Prices, New Season's best quality heavy full-
siie Archangel MATS; also St. Petersburg MATS, Packing
MATS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address.

Rosber'B Garden Edging TUes.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
^KITCHEN GABDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
cts, take up little
once put down incur
further labour or expense,
n " Edgings, con
quently being much cheape
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriara, S.E. ; King's Road. Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for CoQservatorieg, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c.,
from 35. per square yard upwardg. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

C I L "V E R S A N D,

O fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

Rll A L L 1 D A Y AND CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which thfy always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p^^^in? ( 3 10 0
3-lightframe, 12feetby6feet^^™'"|J 550

6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet ) ^^^^ "^^ ( 10 0 0
The glaas is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HAIiLIBAT & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SEELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS.

121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.O.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and
Bend competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in varioiu
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunhill Row, London, E.C.

Illufltrated Lists of Wooden Buildings. Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabsfor Walls, Paths, andStages,
sent post-free on^application.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Hoots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try WILLIAM Clibran & SoN, who

better position than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers these desirable conditions. Statements of this
class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way, a few facts as to l he progress of our
business may be named.

Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 3 acres of ground are now
covered with Gla-ss and Buildings. Wages paid first year, about £250. to four men and a boy, now are £5000 per annum
to over 100 hands regularly employed. Rent then, £36 ; now, near £800. Acreage at start, 6j ; now. 85, and still increasing
and extending on all sides.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BO WDON ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,
have the pleasure to offer General Stock ax umler : —

Ferns— Ferns-Ferns.

FOR TABLE DECORATION.— Well-grown, graceful plants,
full of foliage, in 5-inch pots, in all the beat kinds for
standing, 9s. per dozen; pretty little plants for filling
Fancy Pots. is. per dozen; the same in a great variety of
fancy pots, 9s. to 12s. per dozen. Very ornamental and
pretty.

FERNS, IN VARIETY, for Conservatories and planting out in
Ferneries, &c., 4s., 6s., and 9s. per dozen.

Table Decorations.

PALMS. FICUS ELASTICA, ASPIDISTRAS, all grand plants
for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured ; good
plants. Jit for immediate effect, 18s., 24s., and 30s. per
dozen.

12s., and 18s. per

Winter Flowers for Indoors.

EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA. briglit scarlet, for Ladies'

Sprays, &c., 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA, scarlet heads, 6 to 9 inches

over, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERARIAS, 6s.

per dozen.
BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12s. per dozen ; small, 4s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYCLAMEN, 9s., 12s., and 13s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Cliunps of SPrR.«A JAPONICA. S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, 5s. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing, 6s. per 100 ; clumps, 12s. and 15s. per dozen.
EARLY-FLOWERING RHODODENDRONS, white and blush,

covered with buds, 30s. and 36s. per dozen.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, fine large plants, 12s. and 18s. per

GERANIUMS, specially prepared for winter-blooming, 12s. and

18s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARIAS and CALCEOLARIAS, the fineststrains,

Is. 6d. per dozen ; in pots, 2s. 6d. per dozen.
CALLA iETHIOPICA, strong, 12». and 18s. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud, 12s., 13s., and 24s. per

AZALEA PONTICA, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS. 18s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a mass of buds, 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
Beautiful CAMELLIAS, 30s., 36s.. and 42s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYTISUS. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, the finest variety of all for large white

flowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and 30s. per dozen.

CATALOGUES FREE.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS, SWEET WIL-
LIAMS. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots, Is. per
dozen. 50 for 3s. ,100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ARABIS. AUBRIETIAS. DACTYLIS, white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS. PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNARIA
TOMENTOSA. ALYSSUM, Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

DAISIES, red, white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 5s. per 100,
40s. per 1000.

VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours. Is. per
dozen, 6s. per 100.

PYRETHRUMS, strong clumps, 4s. per dozen.

POTENTILLAS, 6s. per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS. 6s. per dozen.

PINKS, PANSIES, show or fancy, PHLOXES, 3s. 6(f. per dozen.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES. 6s. per dozen.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the best
kinds, 3s. per dozen, 21s. per 100.

Roses— Roses—Roses.

DWARFS, from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid

Perpetuals, 6s. per dozen. 50 for 21s., 100 for 40s.
TEA SCENTED, in pots, the best kinds. 15s. and 18s. per dozen.
STANDARDS, from ground, 18s, per dozen.

Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees

APPLES, Kit<:hen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds, 9s.. 12s., and 18.?. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety. Standards and Pyramids, 6s., 9s.,
and I2s. per dozen ; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s., 18s,,
and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES. Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen ; Trained,

18s., 24s., and 30s. per dozen.
PLUMS, Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen ; Trained, 24s,

and 30s. per dozen.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, all classes, 2s., 3s„ and 4s.

per dozen.
RASPBERRIES. FILLBASKET. Is. per dozen. 6s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sorts, 4s.. 6s., and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boxes,

pots. &c.. in beautiful little plants, &s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens, &c.. in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, 3s. 6(f.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS, lovely kinds, 3s. per dozen, 15s. and 20j.

per lOO.
PLANTS for Hedges. Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

5s. to 15s. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from 15s. to 30s. per

1000; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100; HOLLIES,

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

WM. CLIBRAX & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S SELECT DRESS FABRICS.

isk ^L "^ '^'"^ Court Circular (under Royal Patron-
V^^tV^ir^ "ff^) says : — " There is usually a con-

'£i>;i>.j^:%>i-* siderable amount of difficulty in making u
selection from a large parcel of patterns, and since
some firms send out as many as a thousand at a time,
ladies find themselves confused and puzzled by the multi-
plicity of material. Messrs. Robinson & Cleaver (who hold
special appointments to Her Majesty and the Crown Prin-
cess) have reduced this difficulty to a minimum, and their
patterns of dress materials— which, we must add, embrace
every novelty of the season, and are sent post-free to any
part of the world — are so admirably chosen, and so excel-
lent a taste is shown in their selection, that no intending
purchaser can find the slightest diflSculty in making up
her mind, for she will find exactly what she wants ready
to her hand. Thus time and trouble are saved by Messrs.
Robinson & Cleaver's method, which we cannot too highly
recommend."

Ladies are invited to send for Patterns, post-free, dis-
tance being no object ; and as great inducementa are
offered in quality and price, which will be found on

ROBINSON & CLEAVER,

BELFAST,

Editorial CommunicationH should be addressed to " The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.O.
Printed by Wii.liam BiOHAaDS, at the Office of Meaars. Bradbubt, Agketw St Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by tjia
■aid William Aiohaam, at tho Office, 41, WaUingtoa Streat, Pariah of St. Paul's, Oorant 0ard^, in the said Oounty.— Satvbdat. November 5. m37. Agent for Manchester— Josh Hktwood.

Established i84i

No. 46.— Vol. II. {i^^^^} SATURDAY, NOVEMBEE 12, 1887.

Newspaper./ Price 3d«

\ Post-free, .id.

CONTENTS.

Aphelandra Margarita;...

Apiary, the

Apple trade, the

Applet, unsorted English

Bulb garden, the

Bulb-life, ups and downs
of

Christmas Roses

Chrysanthemums at Ab-
bey Park, Lei-
cester
„ FinsburyPark.Lon-

Colonial notes

Continental novelliea —
Lupiuus albo-coccineus

Zinnia linearia!!! "!

Cyclamens

Cymbidium elegans

Dendrobium coelogyne ...

Flora Kxoiict

Florists' llowers

Frosts and leaf effects ...

Fruits under glass ...

Fungus on Wheat (Diplo-
phospora)

Gardeners' Orphan Fund

Gardening appointments

Ground rent

Gunnersbury Park, gar-
dening at

Hardy fruit garden

Hedychium longifolium

Holiday in Central and
Southern France

Linnean Society

Holiday jottings in the

Isle of Man

Masdevallia Gelengiana
Orchid houses

Pbaleenopsis Lilddeman-
niana var. hierogly-
Phica

Plants and their culture

Pontederia azurea

Potatos, abnormal growth

Roses, hardiness of Tea...
Societies--

Bournemouth

Crystal Palace

Devon and Exeter ...

Kingston and Surbiton

Lamneth Amateur

Manchester

National Chrysanthe-

Royal Horticultural ...
Southampton ...

Subtropical border at AI-
deiiham House, Elstree

Synthyris reniformis

Tomato Highbury Prolific

Town gardening, an
aspect of

Truffle culture

Vanda Amesiana...

Weather, the

,, in the North of
Scotland

Worms on lawns, to de-
stroy

Illustrations.

Aphelandra Margaritie

Cyclamen, gemiiuation of

Lupinus albo-coccineu3 nanus

Subtropical border at Aldenham House, Elstree

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the "Gardeners' Chronicle" from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

Now ready. In clotb, lis. 6d.
frilE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J- Vol. I., Third Serie.s, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW, YORK,
1887. Held in the FINE ART EXHIBITION BUIXDING,
on NOVEMBER 16, 17, and IS, 1887.
liberal Prizes for PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUITS, and
VEGETABLES. Schedules, &c., to be obtained of

J. L.iZENBY, Spurriergate, York.

PONTEFRACT, KNOTTINGLEY, and
ACKWORTH CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The FIRST EXHIBITION ivill be held in the Town Hall,
Pontefract, NOVEMBER 25 and 26. Over SIXTY-FIVE
POUNDS offered in PRIZES. Entries Close November 19.

T. GLOVER, Hon. Sec.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.
POSTPONEMENT OF SHOW.
The EIGHTH GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUIT
SHOW iviU be held in St. George's Hall, on NOVEMBER 29
and 30.

The following Special Prizes are offered for competition ;— A
Silver- I'iated Tea Service, presented by Messrs. J. Williams &
Co.. Manure Manufacturers, 62, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, for
A& Cut Blooms of Chrysanihemums.

The Veitch Memorial Medal and Five Pounds, for 36 Cut
Blooms. Entries Close November 22.

The SPRING SHOW will be held on MARCH 21, 1888.
Schedules on application to

EDWARD BRIDGE, Secretary.
3, Cedar Terrace, Tarbock Koad, Huyton,

ROSES ! ROSES I I ROSES I ! !— The best
and cheapest in the world ; 40 choice Perpetuala for 2l5.,
purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. Catalogues free on
application. Ten acres of Roses ; 100,000 grand plants to select
from. Plant now.— JAMES WALTERS. Rose Grower. Exeter.

Grandest Violet ever Offered.

MR. J. CHAMBERS, Westlake Nurseries,
Isleworth, London, W., is now sending out his New
Double VIOLET " VICTORIA." Strong Plants, full of Hower-
buds, at \s. 6d. each, or 18s. per dozen, free by post. All orders
to be accompanied with remittance. Trade price on application.
First-class Certificate RoyalHorticultural Society, Aprill2, 1887.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Geowebs,
Hillegom, near Haarlem. Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
lIOXA LUCILI^ (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name. 40s. per luOO.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

To those about to Plant Roses. &c.

EW1]SG AND CO., tSea View >iurseriea, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old <

BARR'S SELECTED BULBS
have gained many Medals and Prizes I Prices moderate 1
Quality unsurpassed 1 Full descriptive Catalogue free on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BARK AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

L ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
bulbs, 45., 6s., 9s., 125., 18s., and 24s. per dozen ; extra
strong, 30s. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536. King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

CHRISTMAS ROSES
(HELLEBORUS NIGER).
Enormous clumps, full of dower-buds. Splendid healthy
foliage. 13 inches in height, in two sizes, just ready for forcing,
if required. Send for samples and prices. Also Imported
Crowns, just coming to hand, very cheap.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Eieter Street, Strand, W.C.

Tbe New Raspberry,

LORD BEACOInSFIELD.
(A Seedling.)
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First-
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canes, £3 per 100 ; 9s, per dozen. Smaller Canes, 6s.
per dozen.

Trade supplied. Cash with order.

A. FAULKNOR. Inkpen, Hungerford.

T7RUIT TREES.— Our well-ripened and healthy

-L Treej of the best sorts of APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and
CHERRIES. Standards, Pyramids, trained APRICOTS,
NECTARINES, and PEACHES are eiceptionally fine, as also
large stock Standard and Dwarf ROSES. LISTS gratis.

JOtlN LAING AND SONS. Nun

, Forest Hill, S.E.

pUT FLOWERS PURCHASED.

\J Cash returned following day.

MOYSES STEVENS. Court Florist, 22, Stoclbridge Terrace,
Victoria Street, Belgravia, S.W.

ESSRS, GREGORY and EVANS,

Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

MUSCATS— MUSCATS— Gros Colmar, Gros
Maroc, Alicantes, Slc. ; also Marie Louise PEARS.
Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and well
packed Fruit of the above.

WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C.

ANTED, Choice CUT FLOWERS and

FOLIAGE, to Sell on Commission, by a grower having
J. SADDINGTON, Richmond Green, S.W.

w

WANTED, Large Specimens of PALMS,
such as SEAFORTHIAS, KENTIAS, ARECAS, CORV-
PHAS, LAl'A.MAS, &.c. State lowest cash price to

W. WEEKS, Nurseryman, 440, Fulham Road, S.W.

LIVE PLANTS for the Continent and all
parts abroad, should be sent per "PITT and SCOTT'S
EXPRESS," 23. Cannon Street, London, E.C. Printed iijbtruc-
tions and rates, and particulars of Foreign Regulations, sent
post-free. Agencies throughout the World.

''pUBEROSES. — We have now in stock a mag-

JL nificent sample of Double African Tuberoses, which wo
can offer at a very low price, which we will quote with sample
on application.

Our consignments of AMERICAN PEARLS will arrive at the

usual time ; we are now booking oiders. Price on application.

HURST AND SON. 152, Houndsditch. E.

TT'OR SALE, Eighteen Half - Spec.men

A AZALEAS— healthy, and different varieties.

Can be seen at Stoke Place Gardens, near Slough, Buiks, on
application to C. GILBERT, Gardener.

C"< ERMAN LILIES OF THE VALl^Li'.—
"M The very beat for forcing. Special quotations lor large
buyers. Lowest price on application to

H. LAMMANN. Jr., Breslau. Germany.

G GARDENIA l^LAiN'ib.— Very bushy, good
A colour, showing tlo\Ner-bud, and absolutely clean, in
5 aud 6-uicli pots, 21s. to 30s. per doz. u.

JOHN STANDISU A.ND CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

ROSES,

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrtited
stocks of liAKDEN SKKUS, will be pleased to send Special
Offers of same on application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

/"CHRYSANTHEMUMS.- Descriptive CATA-

KJ LOGUE of 1000 new and old varieties considered worth
cultivatiou. with Cultural Directions, by E. Molyneux, written
specially for this Catalogue. Post-tree four stamps.

ROBERT OWEN, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead.

p H R I S T M A S

\J Bath variety.

Extra strong clump, producing from twenty to thirty bloomf,
20s. per dozen, including package. Cash with order.
THOS. CURTIS, Batliford Nurserj , Bath.

DWARF ROSES, extra strong plants, best
sorts, 30s. per 100. Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, all
colours, mixed, 2 to 2^ leet, some with bud. 40.'. per 100. Lon-
don PLANES, fine trees, for Avenues, &c., 9 to 12 feet, 60s. per
100. W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

^n i\i\i\ UWARF ROSES, on Manetti.

tyV/^VVV 25s. per 100; JBIO per looO. The very best

LANCASHIRE LAD GOOSEBERRY
TREES and DUTCH RED CURRANTS on offer, cheap, at
Wortou Gardens, Isleworth. W.

1JEACH TREES (Large Fan-trained)— Early
Grosse Mignonne. Early Louise, Sea Eagle. &c. — Some
large PEACH IREES in pots, and some hue FRUITING
PEARS in pots. All good kinds, and remarkably healthy.
Others want more room. Buy large trees, and save waiting
six years. Call and see, and write to

W. H. DIVERS, Ketton Hall. Ketton, near Stamford.

Broccoli Seed— Crop 1887.

FOR SALE, a quantity of Gordon's Cele-
brated NIDDRLE LATE WHITE, true stock. Price on
application t

To the Trade.

SEED POTATOS.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to make
• special offers of their careluUy selected btocks "of
SEED POTATOS. raised on their own farms expresslj lor seed
purposes. Seed Growing Establishment. W ism i h.

'■pO ORCHID GROWERS.- A fresh cutting

X of pure ORCHID PEAT now on Sale.— Apply fur sample
and price to THE PEAT ASSOCIATION (.Thomas Park, Agent;,
6d, Hartheld Road, Wimbledon, S,W.

578

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOTEMBEB 12, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulbs— Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR.J. C.STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at hi^ Great Rooms. 3S, KiiigStreet.CoveutGarden.W.C,
every MONl'AY. WK11NE3DAY, and SATURDAY, First-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view mominK of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next-(Saie No. 7544.)

5000 Grand Bulb* of LILIU.M AUEATUM.

TR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE

M

by AUCrro.V at his Gr-at Koonu. 38. King Street.
Coveiit Garden. \V .C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, November 19.
at half past 12 o'Cloek precisely. 6000 grand Bulbs of LILIUM
AURATUM, just received direct from Japan in the iineat pos-
sible condition.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had,

Wednesday Next —(Sale No. 7.'iJ4.)

SPECIAL SALE OF OKCHIDS IN FLOWEK.

]V/PR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-

i.VJ. TION. at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, November 16, at half-
past 12 o Clock precisely, a fine COLLECTION of ORCHIDS in
Flower and Bud. including many i hoice varieties ; also a small
importation of CCELOGYNE FOSTERMANNII, C. PANDU-
KATA, and DENDKOBIUM SPECIES from Borneo; a new
BRASSIA from Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., &.<:.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7544.)

CYPRIPEDIL'.M SANDERIaNUM, with flower-spikes

produced in this country.

MR. J. 0. STEVENS is instructed by Messrs.
Hugh Low & Co. to include in his SALE of ORCHIDS
on WEDNESDAY NEXT, November 16, a grand lot of healthy
plants of CYPRIPEDIUM SANDERIANUM, eighteen of which
are furnished with fine strong spikes, and will shortly produce
several flowers each. The whole of the plants are in the finest
possible condition. Also fine healthy plants of ANGRJECUM
CITKATUM and A. SESQUIPEDALE. all with flower-spikes.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday and Saturday Next.— (Sale Nos. 7.i43,47.)
First-class Stand.ird and Dwarf ROSES. Standard. Pyramid,
and Tr.ine,! FRUIT TREES, Specimen CONIFERS,
BORDER PLANTS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in
his SALE bv AUCTION, at his Qreat Rooms. 38. King
Street. Covci.t Garden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY and
SATURDAY NEXT, November 16, and 19, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely each day.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next— (Sale No. 7545.)
VALUABLE ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, November 17, at half-
pa.st 12 o'clock precisely, by .rder of Mr. F. Sander, a splendid
healthy lot of ESTABLISHED and I.MPORTED ORCHIDS,
consisting of the following rare and desirable species, the
whole in extra condition — Odoiitoglossum Schillerianum,
Calaothe Sauileriana. Ccelogyne Tliuniaua, C, Schilleriana,
Vanda Deni-oniaua. Miltoiiia Kegnetlii, Dendrobium Brymeri-
anum, ^'anda cu?rule3cen3, Aerides Saiiderianum, Epidendrum
rayrianlhum, Lycaste Denniiigsiana, Dendrobium primulinum
giganteum, Aerides Robelenii, Comparettia macroplectron,
Cyrtopodlum species, Miltonia spectabile radians, Epidendrum
Endresii. Zygopetalum crinitum ; together with a fine lot of
Cypripedium Spectabile, C. montanum, C. fasciculatum, C.
acaule album, and many other Orchids.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Bagshot, Surrey.
IMPORTANT SALE of THOUSANDS of FRUIT TREES,
HOLLIES, LAURELS, CONIFEKS, RHODODENDRONS,
AZALEAS, and a general assortment of HAltDY SHRUBS.
. and TREES,

MR. J. 0. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. Charles Noble, to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, as above, situated half a mile from Suuuingdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

November 21, 22, and 23;

MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDN'ESDAY,

December 5, 6, and 7 ;

at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day.

May be viewed, one week prior to Sale, and Catalogues had

Thursday, November 24.

TREE AND OTHER FER.V'S, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from the Agents G.-neral of the New Zealand and
Victor'mn Governments, to SELL by AUCTION, at the Eoval
Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, on THURSDAY,
November 24. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the remaining
FEKNS and other PLANTS from the Colonial Exhibition, com-
prising Dicksouias. Cyatheas. Alsophilas, Todeas, Tricho-
manes, Hymenophyllums, Aspleuiums, Cycads, and other
plant".
Auction Rooms and Offices. 38. King Street. Covent Garden.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULHS. — GREAT UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
87 and 68, Chcapside, London, E.C.. every MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of ITYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
Ou view morniug of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Highbury, N.

Unreserved CLEARANCE SALE, the Land being required
immediately for Building Purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHERUE and MORRIS are
instructed by E. R. Morris, Esq., to SELL by AUC-
TIO.V on the Premises, the Manor House, Leigb Koad, High-
bury. N.. a few minutes' walk from Highbury Station, on TUtS-
D.AY. November 15. at 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve,
GREENHOUSE PLANTS in variety, the erections of four
GREENHOUSES and HEATING APPAR.ATUS, 16-light PIT,
seventeen 1 and 2 light BOXES, numerous GARDEN VASES,
3 SU.\LMEK HOUSES, 2 large Iron TANKS, 1200 EDGING
TILES. GARDEN SEATS, and other effects.

On view the day prior to Sale. Catalogues hail on the Pre-
mises, or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London. E.C., and Leytonstone.

Tuesday Next.

GREENHOUSE PLANTS, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, Decora-
tive PALMS, Exotic FERNS, Hardy EVERGREENS,
FRUIT TREES, clean grown Standard and Dwarf ROSES,
and a fine assortment of DUTCH BULBS,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above, at the City Auction Rooms. .38 and 39.
Gracechurch Street. London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT,
November 15, at half-past 12 o'clock.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Autioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C^, and Leytoo-

Brixton, S.W.

SALE of WELL-GROWN NURSERY STOCK,

All recently tr.insplanted.

MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Ponsford & Sou to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Loughborough Park,
Brixton, S.W., on WEDNESDAY. Novemb.-r 16. at 12 o'clock
precisely, a great variety of EVERGREEN and FLO'WER-
INO SHRUBS, AUCUBAS. PRIVET, LAURELS, ORNA-
JIENTAL and FOREST TREES and other General NURSERY
STOCK— all well grown and in capital condition for removal,
together with a choice assortment of STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS.

May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of
the Auctioneers, 67 and GSy Cheapside, London, E.G., and
Leytonstone.

Wednesday Next.
LILIES and NARCISSUS, extensive Sale, comprising LILIUM
.AURATU.M. from Japan; 6000 NARCI.-iSUS, of sorts;
splendid Uulbs of Euglish-grown LILIES, in variety;
double TUBEROSES, from South Africa; 500 Standard
and Dwarf ROSE<. from an English Nursery ; CAMELLIAS,
AZ.ALEAS, and PALMS, from Belgium; GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, FERNS, LILY OF THE VALLEY, SPIRJEA.S,
and an assortment of other Plants and Bulbs.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY
NEXT,November 16, at Half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next —Acton 'Vale.
ABSOLUTE CLEARANCE SALE. Short Notice.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. W. Mead & Co. (Limited), to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Acton Vale Nur-
sery, Uibridge Road, Acton, close to Acton Station, N.L.K.,
on 'FRIDAY NEXT, November 18, at 12 o'clock precisely,
without the least reserve, the whole of the GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, 2000 CHBYSANTHEMU.MS, 1000 CYPEBUS,
Erection of 1 Greenhouse, Piping, and Boiler, several loose
Lights, Flower-pots, Manure, &c.

On view day prior to Sale. Catalogues had of Mr. G.
ILSLEY. on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.. and Leytonstone.

Friday Next,
L.^LIA PURPURATA, without the least reserve.

MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. O. T. VThite to include in their SALE
on FRIDAY NEXT, November 18, a quantity of fine imported
plants of L.ELIA PURPURATA, with green healthy leaves
and sound dormant eyes; also SOPHRONH'IS GRANDIFLOBA,
the loni'-bulbed variety, in the finest possible condition ; and a
feiv imported COVE ORCHIDS. The whole for Sale without
the least reserve.

On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday, November 18.

Important and attractive SALE of a very extensive Collection
of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, by order of Messrs. Seeger
& Tropp. of Rosedale, Lordship Lane, East Dulwich, S.E.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
f.ivoured with instructions to SELt by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, LoDdon. EC,
on FKIDAY, November 18. at half-pa-^t 12 o'Clock precisely, a
very eKten3ive collection of EST.A^LISHED ORCHIDS,
in very fine condition. Amongst them may be mentioned the
following important plants:—

■ large Trichopilia Hartwegii

Cypripedium Leeanum super-

Cypripedium Spicerianum

magnificum, in flower;

splendid plant, with eighty

growths

Cattleya velutina

Lffilia Perrinii nivea in bud;

warranted true
Aerides ornithorrhynchum
Epidendrum rhizophorum.
And many other rare and dis-
tinct Orchida

twenty-three fine bulbs
Cattleya' labiata Pesca,torei,

fine liealtby plant
Maxillaria Sanderiana, the

largest specimen in exist-

Odontofjlossum elegans super-

bissima (received F.C.C.)
Coelogyne Meyeriana
Phaius maculatus, large speci-

On Friday Next.

ToNur5erymen, Market Gardeners, Gentlemen, and Others.
SALE of 4000 ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in splendid condition,
in 5-inch. 6-inch, and 7-inch pots, in lots of 100, which
must be dii^posed of for want of room.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND -will
SELL by AUCTION at their Rooms, 15. Princess Street,
Manchester, at 12 o, Clock, on FRIDAY, November 18, 1887, a
grand lot of MAIDENHAIR FERNS.

On view moruine of Sale.

To Florists, Gardeners. Builders, and Private Buyers.

SALE ot WELl^GKOWN NUKSKRY STOCK.

MESiSltS.COLE.BLACKWELL and COLE,
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises,
situate Darenth Nursery, Stamford Hill. N., on MO>DAY,
November 21, 1837. at 12 o'clock precisely. GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, in variety (choice Chrysanthemums), the erections
of GREENHOUSES, HEATING APPARATUS, FRAMES,
PIPES, TANKS, GAKDEN SEATS, ROLLERS, EDGING
TILES, and othereffects, the Good will, together with theLease,
direct from W. A. Tyssen Amhurst, Esq. Will be offered for
sale as a going concern. On view day prior to Sale. Catalogues
on the Premises, and of .the Auctioneers, 3, Bnckingham Road,
Kingslaud, London, E..and 60.' East Road, London, E.G.

Cradley, near Malvern.

TO BE LET, KIDGWAY HOUSE, with
Cottage, Outbuildings, Gardens, and Orchard, in all
over 2 acres; also long ranges of Hothouses, including Pe'Ch-
house and Vineries, each 150 feet long; Tomato and Fig-
houses, Forcing Pits, &c. The soil of this locLlity is specially
adapted for the Growing of Grapes aud Stone truit. Early
Possession may be had.
For further particulars, apply to Messrs. CORSER ANT>

ORCHIDS.

An immense Stoclc.

Thousands Shewing for Bloom.

NEW CATALOGUE
ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

Free on ajiph'cation to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,
GAKSTON, near LIVERPOOL.
ILIUM AURATUM.

The Finest Imported Bulbs.

Selected Bulbs of this charming hardy LILY are obtainable
at the following low prices, direct from the Importers, plump
and sound as English-grown Roots: —
Price 5s., 8s.. lOs., 15s.. 20s., and 26s. per dozen. Carriage Free.

The finest samples that have reached England this season.
Trade price per case of 50 and 100 on application.

CARTERS', Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queeu
and H.R.H. the Prince ot Wales, 237 and 238, High Holbom,
London, W.C.

WINTER-FLOWERING

CARNATIONS.

All the Best and Xewest Varieties. Immense
Stock of splendid plants, healthy and vigorous
— full of flower-buds, from

18 s. ps>' dozen.

SHOW 1 BORDER VARIETIES

In Best Old and Xew Kinds, including

MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE,

and other recent introductions.
THOU.SANDS OF STRONG PLANTS FROM

6s. pc' dozen.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN,
CH ESTE R.

NOVEJIBEE 12, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

579

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

Donations and Subscriptions
NINTH

alreadi/ Promised or Sent.
LIST.

Sherwood. W. J. (Mesara. Hur3t& Son),
152. Houndsditch, E

Lee, John, 78, Warwick Gardens, W. ...

Sturdy, J., Lindfield, Sussex

Colebrook. J., 13. William Street,
Lowndes Square

Allan, F., The Gardens. Somerleyton
Hall. Lowestoft

Appleby. H.. Box Hill Nurseries,
Dorking

Austen, E.. 55. Dorset Street, Sheffield .

Austen, J., Grdnr., Witley Court.
Stourport

Birch, H., Grdnr., Castle Ashby, North-
ampton

Blair, W.. Tonbridge. Kent

Bole, J., Grdnr., Somerleyton Hall,
Lowestoft

Brain. E., Grdnr.. The Cedars. Louth ...

Bugby.W., Grdnr., Ditcham Park. Peters-
field

Campbell, A., Ashford Gardens, Cong.
Co. Gahvay

Clarke, H., The Gardens, Somerleyton
Hall, Lowestoft

Cowley. J. C, Grdnr., Studley House,
Hammersmith. W. ...

Cross, H., Woodcote Gardens, Newport

Day. J., Grdnr., Golloway House, Gar^
lieston, N.B

Denning, W., Grdnr., Londesborough
Lodge, Norbiton

Denny, T,, Grdnr., Down House, Bland-
ford

Drummoftd & Sons, W., The Nurseries,
Stirling. N.B

Duthie, J., Penningham Gardens, New-
ton Stewart, N.B

Earp. W.. Grdnr., Hume Towers,
Bournemouth

Eropson, W. J., Grdnr.. Ampthill
House, Ampthill

Ewina;, J., Grdnr., Castle Menzies,
Aberfeldy. N.B

Fisher, W.B., Grdnr., Stackpole Court,
Pembroke

Foster. T., Ashford Gardens, Cong., Co.
Galway

Gadesden, A. W.. Ewell Castle, Ewell...

Goldby, W., Edgend Nursery, Burnley

Gore, J., Nurseryman, &c.. Sefton Park.
Liverpool

Grant, D., Grdnr., Bodlondeb, Conway

Green. W. A., Corporation Street, Wol-
verhampton

Hobday. E., Grdnr., Ramsey Abbey,
Huntingdon

Hooper & Co.. Limited, Covent Garden

Howes. G., The Gardens, Merton Hall,
Thetford

Ingram, J. W., The Nurseries, Hun-

21 0 0
5 5 0
5 0 0

10 0
0 10 0

0 5 0
0 10 0

0 5 0
0 2 6

110

0 10 0

0 10 0

0 5 0

0 5 0

0 5 0

0 6 0

0 2 t>

i^f "6

0 5 0

0 5 0

0 5 0

0 5 0

10 0

Johnstone, J., Grdnr., Hints Hall, Tam-

Knight, H., 366, Avenue de la Reine,

Brussels

"L. C. G.," per Mr. A, J. Brown,

Finches, Lindfield

Lee, J., The Gardens, Highbury, Moor

Green, Birmingham

Lockie, T., Grdnr., Oakley Court,

Windsor

Lyne. J., Grdnr.. Belvidere, Wimbledon
Macmillan. R., Grdnr., Moreton House,

Bideford

Manning, T., Royal Exotic Nursery,

Chelsea

McKenzie, D.. Sherwood Gardens, Tun-
bridge Wells

Miller. W. A., Grdnr., Und^rly Hall.

Kirkby Lonsdale

Mullens, G., The Gardens, Somerleyton

Hall, Lowestoft

Mundell, J. C, Grdnr., Moor Park,

Rickmansworth

Nottage, G., Grdnr., Adhurst St. Mary,

Peterstield

psman, C, Grdnr., South_ Metropolitan

District Schools, Sutton

Palmer, W.. Grdnr.. Thames Ditton

House, Thames Ditton

Pragnell. W. G., Grdnr., Sherborne

Castle, Dorset

Quilter, H. G., Bath Hotel, Felixstowe
Rithelous, W., St. Neots, Hunts
Read, Q., Grdnr., Whitton Lodge,

Daventry

Boss, F., Grdnr., Pendell Court, Bletch-

Russell, R. Grdnr., Cassio Bridge House,

Watford

Savill. Mrs., Finches, Lindfield, Sussex
Sheasby, T., Grdnr., Castle Dillon,

Armagh

Singleton, F.. The Gardi

House, Blandford
Smith & Son, Caledonii

Guernsey

Smith, J., DarleyDaleNi

Taylor, J., Grdnr., Sefton Lodge, New-
market ... ...

Thomas, O., The Gardens, Chataworth,
Chesterfieid

Thomas, W. H., Home Bush, Chiswick

Tucker. E.. Grdnr., Curraghmore, Port-
law, Waterf ord

Vearey, J., Grdnr,, Gogerddan Hall,
Aberystwith

Wakefield, C, The Gardens, luwood
House, Blandford

Woodward, F., Florist, &c., Bridge
Street. Llandaff

Yeudell, W., Gr., Hilton Park, Wolver-
hampton

Young Men, Haydon Hall Gardens, East-
cote, Pinner

In wood

Nursery,

Mat-

DODatic

n,.

Subscrip-
tions.

£ s.

d.

£

,«, d.

0

6 0

0

10 0

0

5 0

0 10
0 5

0
0

o'

'5" 0

0

1

6 0
1 0

0 6

0

0 10

0

0

2 6

0 10

6

0

10 6

0 6

0

0

5 0

0

5 0

0 6

0

0

5 0

0

1

0

5 0
1 0

5 0

0 10

0

0 10

0

0

1

5 0
1 0

0

5 0

0

5 0

0

10 0

0 10

6

0 10

0

2 0
1 1

0
0

0

5 0

0

5 0

0

6 0

0

S 0

0 5

0

0

6 0

0 6

0

Further Donations and Svhscriptions will be thankfully received by

A. F. BABKON, Honorary Secretary,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS, CHISWICK, LONDON, S.W.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S
SELECT DRESS FABRICS.

The Court Circular (under Royal Patron-
age) says : — " There is usuiUy a con-
siderable amount of difficulty in making a
from a large parcel of patterns, and since
a send out as many as a thousand at a time,
ladies find themselves confused and puzzled by the multi-
plicity of material. Messrs. Robinson &. Cleaver (who hold
special appointments to Her Majesty and the Crown Prin-
cess) have reduced this difficulty to a minimum, and their
patterns of dress materials— which, we must add. embrace
every novelty of the season, and are sent post-free to any
part of the world — are so admirably chosen, and so excel-
lent a taste is shown in their selection, that no intending
purchaser can find the slightest difficulty in making up
her mind, for she will find exactly what she wants ready
to her hand. Thus time and trouble are saved by Messrs.
Robinson & Cleaver's method, which we cannot too highly
recommend."

Ladies are invited to send for Patterns, post-free, dis-
tance being no object ; and as great inducements are
offered in quality and price, which will be found ou

ROBINSON & CLEAVER,

BELFAST.

LARGE SHRUBS. — American Arbor-vite,
2 to 2i feet, 16s. per 100 ; ditto. 3 to 3i feet. 20s. per 100.
Aucuba japonica, IJ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2J feet.
40s. per 100. Berberis aquifolia, 1 to 1} foot, 50s. per 1000.
Boi Trees, 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Grislinia litoralia, IJ foot, 30s.
per 100. Laurel, Common, 2 to 2J feet, 10s. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal, 1} to 2 feet. 20s. per 100. Laurel, Colchic, IJ to 2
feet, 10s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 4
feet, 20s. per 100. Laurel, caucasicum, 2 to 3 feet, eitra, 20i.
per 100. Rhododendron ponlicum, 1 foot bushes, 20s. per 100;
ditto. 1 J to 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; ditto 2 to 2J feet, 40s. per 100 ;
ditt;Jo, to 3J feet, 70s. per 100. White and other colours, strong
andbushy, 70s. perlOO. English Yews, 2 feet, 26.S. per 100. Abies
Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 45s. per
100. Araucaria imbricata, IJ to 2 feet, 24s. per dozen ; ditto,
2 to 2J feet, 36s. per dozen ; ditto, 3 to 3i feet, 60s. per dozen.
Cupressus macrocarpa, 2 to 3 feet, 50s. per 100. Cupressus
Lawsoni, 2 to 3 feet, 25s. per 100. Ciipressus erecta viridis,
2 to 24 feet, 35s. per 100. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 feet, 35s. per
100 ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, 18s. per dozen. Retinospora plumosa,
IJ foot, 20s. per 100 ; ditto. 2 to 2J feet, 30s. per 100. Retino-
spora plumosa aurea, 1 to IJ foot, 50s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa, 12 to 18 inches, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2i feet, 60s.
per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 2 to 2^ feet, 20s. per 100 ; ditto. 4 to 5
feet, 12s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis. 2 to 2J feet, 50s. per
100. Thuia dolabrata, 1} to 2 feet, 18s. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 3
feet, 30s. per dozen.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurserymar "'

FRUIT TREES.— Well-ripened Clean Trees,
well rooted and grafted on best stocks. All b«st sorts of
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES. Standards and
Pyramids, Trained. APRICOTS, NECTARINES, and
PEACHES, Trained. Standard and Dwarf ROSES, all the
finest sorts. Fruit Trees in pots. CATALOGUES Gratis.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

"DRIARS

SEEDLING

id CATALOGUES

Established 182T.
(DOG ROSE),

FOR STOCKS,
l-yr., eitra choice, per 10.000. £7.
1-yr., No. 1 choice, per 10,000, Si.
l-yr.. No. 2 choice, per 10,000. £3 10s.
2-yr. transplanted, extra choice, per 10.000. £10.
2-yr. transplanted. No. 1 choice, per 10,000, £7.
FRUIT TREE STOCKS.— Pears, 1 and 2 years ; Quince,
Plums, Apples, seedling. Paradise, Doucin, Myrobolant. Ma-
haleb, Mazard; Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
Young stocks from seeds or cuttings disposable by i
Stocks very fine and very cheap. Prices a ' " '
sent on demand to

L. PAILLET. Nurseryman. Chatenay. Seine, France.

FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY
CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustav A. Schultz,
Berlin. For price write to

JACOB AND VALENTIN, ,56. Cheapside, London, E.G.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans. Phoenix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high. Is. Gd. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Phcenix reclinata,
Enterpe edulis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high. 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15j.
per pair.

GARDENER. Holly Lodee. Stamford Hill, London. N.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EV E K U R E E N HEDGES.

The three best Shrubs for forming Hedges :—
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet. 6s. per dozen. 30s. per 100.
YEWS. English, 2 to 2J feet, 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100 ; 2J to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 76s, per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per
dozen. 130s. per 100.
HOLLY. Green, IJ to 2 feet, 6s. per dozen. 30s. per 100 ; 2 to
2J feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2^ to 3 feet. i2s. per
dozen, 75s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS an-d SON, Billing Road Nurseries,
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address—" QUICK." NORTHAMPTON.

Natal, South Africa.

BULBS, TUBERS, ROUTS.— A Wholesale
CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ADLAM. Maritzburg. Natal.

To the Trade only.

WM. BAYLOR H-\RTLAND offers to the
Trade SEEDS in limited quantity of the following :
price on application : —
CARNATION, •• WHITE ROSETTE," for Market Growers.
The finest White, and most floriferous sort grown, and
deliciously " Clove-scented." Three plants presented with
quarter ounce orders for trial grounds.
PINK— the Clove-scented "Mrs. Sinkins."
PRIMULA obconica— selected.
NARCISSUS corbularia conspicuus.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLANU. Old-established Garden Seed
Warehouse. 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best
and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready. Is. 6rf. per dozen, 10s. per 100 ; plants in January,
2s, 6d. per dozen. 16s. per 100. W. E.'s selection cheaper.
Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mons. Deliiux's grand set
of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, 2 stamps.

W-M, ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans-
combe, Kent. '

MAIDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per dozen
bunches. Always ready. Tarms cash.
TUDQEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thamei,

580

TEE GARDENEBS' CUBO'SIICXE.

[UOTIUBBE 12, 1887.

Extra Large Horizontal-trained
APPLES and PEAKS, best sorts,

21s. per dozeu.

VICTORIA PLUMS, strong, dwarf-trained,

185. per dozen.
HOPWOODS, Bellvue Nursery, Cheltenham.

STRAWBERRIES.

Stroni' Roots. 4s. per 100. Plants in small pota. I6s. per 100;
ditto in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RURABD S.MITH iKD CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchaiis. Worcester.

GENUINE — RELIABLE.

JARMANS BULBS.

Collection No. 3, 1000 Choice Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, 21s. delivered free.
Large Illustrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(KEUISTEBED).

CHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, in SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties, including
Descriptive "List of New, Kabe, anb Choice Ferns."
and " Hardt NORlH AMERICAN Ferns," free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

AUTUMN PLANTING.

THE past dry spring and summer encourages
Autumn Planting, and «e invite inspection of our im-
mense stock of Hardy FOREST TREES for Profit. Ornnment,
Slielter and Game, at moderate prices. Particulars on ap-
plication.

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Wood Foresters for Crown Laliils. Nurserymen and Seedsmen to
H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

CARLISLE.

THE GREAT HARDY NURSERY.
PAUL & SON,

OF CHESEUNT,

"The Old Nurseries,'' Established 1807,

Respectfully invite Orders for

ROSES,

in all ways and in any quantity. The Stock
is exceedingly good this year.

FRUIT TREES.

40,000 Standards, unsurpassed in the country,
and large stocks of fine trees in all forms.

Intending Planters should sec the trees.

ORiMAMENTAL TREES

AND SHRUBS.

Paul & Son have the most varied collection
in England —
Avenue LIMES, HOLLIES, CONIFERS, PICTURE TREES,

including all Noveltios.

HARDY HERBACEOUS

AND ALPINE PLANTS,

grown on 10 acres, at the Broxbourne
Nursery of the firm, in large quantities of
good plants.

The above are amongst the Special Cultures of
the firm. Descriptive CATALOGUES, describ-
ing the actual stock, post-free, on application to

PAUL & SON,

"THE OLD NURSERIES," CHESHUNT.

(Hardily -Groiwn) „

FRUIT TREES.

NEW CATALOGUE (NO. 339) POST FREE.

YERY EXTENSIYE & SUPERIOR STOCK.

i^All the Most Desirable

Varieties in Cultivation.

Habdier.thus succeeding much befferTHAN Tbeeb
Gbown in Warm & Sheltered parts of England.

gjl ^eaUb J^oual |plJam>»jt.

'James Dickson & Sons"

"NEWTON" Nurseries,

Clxestex*.

TO THE TRADE.

Double DAFFODILS, in 4 sizes.
Tenby DAFFODILS, in 4 sizes.

Prices on application to

BARR & SON, 12, KING STREET,

COVENT GARDEN, AV.C.

DUTCH AND GAPE BULBS

mUF.CT FKOM TIIK UUOWEHS,

ANT. ROOZEN & SON.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

OF CHOICE HARDY FLOWER ROOTS
For Indoor and Spring Gardening, again enlarged, now

Collection '* F," for Sprinfj Gardening,
Containing 1000 Bulbs.

50 FtTsian lianuuculus.
60 French Ranunculus.
50 Snowdrops, single.
50 Spanish Iris.
24 Triteleia uniflora.
24 Gladiolus.

4 Li Hum umbel latum.
24 Scilla aibirica pnecox.
16 Eranthis Hyemalis (Winter

ntb.'^

ngle

I'l 'iiilip>[ single, late.
I'n Niiru^^us. Polyanthus.
30 Narcissus, incomparabilia.
24 Narcissus, Poeticus.
50 Anemones, double.
24 Anemones, single.
4CMJ CrOi_us,iu4distinctcolours ' Aconiiei.

Collection '* C,'* for Indoor, containing
284 Choice Bulbs for 60-Pots and Glasses.

Half of either of the above for Us.

The above Packages may be had from our Agents, Messrs.
MERTENS AND CO.. 3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London,
E.C.. on receipt of Cheque or Post-office Order.

For particu^rs of our other Collections of Bulbs tor INDOOR
and SPRING GARDENING, see our complete and revised
CATALOGUE for 1S87. which will be sent, post-free, on appli-
cation to our Agents, or ourselves direct.

ANT. BOOZEN & SON, Nurserymen,

OVERVEEN. near HAARLEM. HOLLAND.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post. 1j.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Hii;hBti "

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

I PHEALS^SONS

VsM-Crawle^, W -Sussex.

IFR<5FY FRUIT T R E.E S,

U Ci rV O ^ I Carriage Paid. Cordons a specialite.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORIOr
iND SON, Kieb View Nur»eri.-9, who will aend, carriaga
paid for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES fOr 21B.
Early orders secure eitrB strong plants.

1

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST ROSES,

The BEST CAMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c.,

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERINO SHRUBS,

The BEST PARK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUIT TREES and OKAPE VINES,

The BEST SEEDS, &c.,

May be :

I and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAUL'S NURSERIES,

WALTHAM CROSS

(near " Waltham Cross " Station, Great Eastern Railway, half
an hour from London). Prices as low as possible. Inspection
invited. Priced CATALOGUES Free.

COLCHESTER ROSES.

A MUCH

ENURGED CATALOGUE,

JUST PUBLISHED,

CONTAINING

Name of Raiser Sf Date of Introduction

OF EACH VARIETY;

VALUABLE INFORMATION

Respecting the Newer Kinds,
HINTS as to CULTIVATION, &c.

POST FREE OX APPLICATION TO

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

ROSE GEOWER,

COLCHESTER.

CATALOGUES.

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEBEFOBD

(Established 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,
FOREST TREES,
RHODODENDRONS,
CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers will be made for Large Contracts.

NOVEMBEB 13, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CERONICLE.

581

SUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,
containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and post free to
int^ndinff purchasers. ^„,„

SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING,

O A AAA GOOSEBERRIES. — Crown Bob,

Jj\j'f\j\)\j 3-yr. and 4-vr. stuff, good heads and well
Tooted, nnd nicely on the stem.' 110s. per 1000. Special quota-
tions for larger quantities.
WEBB AND BR-IND flate Chater), Nurserymen, &c.,

WLlly of the Valley— true Berlin Variety.
ILLIAM DENMAN, Hobticultural
Salesman, Covent Garden, W,C. Samples and price
of the above forwarded on application.

200,000

To the Trade.
English OAKS, strong, 1 to 3

iples. 5s. per 1000.
),000 APPLE STOCKS, 1 to 3 feet, samples, 6s. per 1000.
For cash with Order, to
THOS. BEAUCHAMP. Woodfalls. Downton. near Salisbury.

HODODENDRONS, Hybrid, 18 inches to 2

feet, JW to f 6 per 100 ; PONTICUM, 18 inches to 2 feet.

fi to £2 10s. per 100.
AZALEA PONTICUM. 12 to 18 inches. £2 to £2 10s. per 100.
CUPKESSUS LA WSONIANA. .3 to 4 feet, JE3 to £3 10s. per 100 ;

2} to 3 feet. £1 l.'Ss. per 100.
COTONEASTER SY.MONDSII. 4 feet. £1 Is. per 100.
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIU.M, 3 to 4 feet, £o per 1000.
HOLLY, Green, 12 to 18 inches, £:i per 1000.
LAURELS, Colchicum, £1 Is. per 100.
PINUS AUSTRIACA. SJ to 3 feet, £< .Ss. to £1 10s. per 100.
RICHARD MASON, Windlesham Nursen'. Bagshot, Surrey.

DAFFODILS— DAFFODILS— DAFFODILS.
Sales limited to the month of November.
•• When icicles hang by the wall,
And Dick the shepherd blows his nail,
And Tom bears logs into the hall.
And milk comes frozen home in pail,"

Those left in shops will only spoil.

Parties wanting WILLIAM BAYLOR HAKTLAND'S DAFFO-
DILS have only to write for •• ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK."
which is sent. Post-free, for 18 Stamps, and is favourably noticed.
Its duplicate, without illustrations, gratis to all applicants.
DAFFODIL SALES are CLOSED the END of NOVEMBER.

His best thanks are again given to the many numerous
Scotch and English Patrons that have so far sent him their

SO 01 in CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV^VV'U finest Double and Single %'arieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into .5|-inch pots, 2s. 6rf.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AJfD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

FRUIT TREES a SPECIALTY.— True to
name. A large itock of all sorts— APPLES. CHERRIES,
CURRANTS, and GOOSEBERRIES (best also, Lancashire prize
sorts), very cheap in quantity for market purposes; APRICOTS,
NECTARINES, PEACHES, NUTS, PEARS. PLUMS. DAM-
SONS. RASPBERRIES, in all forms usually grown ; STRAW-
BERRIES, all the old standard, also the new sorts, by the 100
or lOOO, or in small pots. Winner Isl prize, Manchester ; 2nd,
Crystal Palace this year, for large collection APPLES, and
over fifty others within the last few years. Price List free.
Special quotations fur quantities.

Descriptive LIST, with description of all sorts, and much
useful information, four stamps.

JOHN WATKINS, Fruit Tree Nurseryman, Pomona Farm.
Withington, Hereford.

OREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,

IBs. per 1000. Ash, IJ to 2 feet, lOs. per 1000; ditto,
2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech, IJ to 2 feet. 14s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet, I8s. per 1000. Birch. 1 to 1$ foot, 18s, per
1000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Elm.
lA to 2 feet. 12s. per lOnO: ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000;
ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, IJ to 2 feet. I2s. per 1000 ;
ditio, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. M. per
1000 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet. 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to IJ foot,
&s. per 1000; ditto, 1 J to 2 feet, 10s. per tOOO; di tto, 2 to 2i f eet,
12s, per 1000 Scotch Fir, 1} to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000. Oak, IJto
2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000. Pinus
austriaca, 2 years transplanted, tine. 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet,
2 to 2J feet. 26s. per 1000 ; ditto. 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore,
IJ to 3 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000.
Thorns, 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. IJ to 2 feet. 15s. per
1000; ditto. 2 to 2J feet, 17s. 6d. per 1000. Special offers tor
eitra quantities.

OARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer.

CMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.—

0 Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 40s. per 100. Abies
Douglasii.1 year, 20s, per 1000. Abiesorientalis.Sto 9 inch, 12s.
per 100. American Arbor-vitie, 10 to 12 inches, 60s. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni. 12 to 15 inches. 60s, per 1000. Cupressus
erecta viridis, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000; ditto. 1 to IJ foot,
extra, 10s. per 100. Cupressus stricta, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per
1000 ■ ditto, 1 to li foot, 12s. per 100. Cedrus Deodara, 6 to 9
inches, 6s. per 100; ditto, 12 inches, 12s. per 100. Finns
insignis. 1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus Cembra, 2 years, 10s. per
1000. Pinus Nordmanni. 2 years, 6s. per 100. Pinus excelsa,

1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis, 1 year, 6s. per 100.
Retinospora plumosa. 10 to 12 inches. 10s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa. 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 10 inches, 8s. per
100 Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 40«. per 1000. Thuiopsis
dolabrata, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 12 inches, fine, 12s.
per 100. Yew, English, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Laurel.
Portugal. 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Common Laurel, 12 to 14
inches, 35s. per 1000, Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inches,
60s. per 1000 : ditto, 2 to 3 inches, 30s. per 1000.

GARLIES MTTCHELL, Nuri-eryman, Stranraer,

EREUS PERUVIAN US.— On Sale, one of

the finest Specimen Flowering Plants in England. 6 feet
high by 13 feet in circumference. Enormous white sweet-
scented flowers. It is in perfect health. Price, £5 6s.

ECHINOPSIS FORMOSA.— OneGrandSpeci-
men Plant. Over 30 years of age. In perfect health

ind shape. Price, £6 6s. „„ . „

Also Specimen ALOES, AGAVES and YUCCAS.

JOHN ATHERTON. Cadley. Preston.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others

intending iilanting Shrubs and Trees. &c., this Autumn.

ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call
attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to thove varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large coll.-ction. such as PLANES,
LIMES. ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £o and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.
The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18». to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive lAstfree on application.

RICHARD SMITH &, CO.,

WORCESTER.

pHRISTMAS ROSES.

\J The true Bath variety.

Strong clumps to produce ten to twenty blooms each, 20s.
per dozen, packing included. Cash with order.

THOS. KITLEY, Oldfield Nursery, Bath.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SH.\KPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
Blocks of SWEDES. TURNIP, MANGELS, and other AGRI-
CULTURAL SEEDS, will be pleaded to send special offers of

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS,

IS THE

LARGEST OBOWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE
IN THE KINGDOM,

Price Lists and T;imphlets on application.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS, nxtra fine. —
Sir J. Paxton, Dr. Hogg, and President, 2s. per 100.
l&N. per 1000.
GOOSEBERRIES, three leading varieties, 8s. per 100.
CURRANTS. Red and Black, fine. 6-. per 100.
BOX, three varieties, good pot stuff, 15 to 18 inches, 12s.

per 100.
QUICK, extra strong, 4 years, 13s. per 1000.
WALLFLOWERS, Belvbir Castle and Harbinger, strong and

bu-hy, transplanted, 2s. per 100.
DAISIES. The Bride, strong, 4s. per 100.
MYOSOTIS. transplanted. 2s. per 100.
SILENE PENDUI.A COMPACTA, strong, 2s, per 100.
PANSIES. bedding, blue, white and yellow, 6s. per 100.
PRIMROSE, single lilac, strong. 6s. per 100.

WILLI 4M BALL, Bedford Road Nurseries, Northampton,

SEED of ROSA RUGOSA

(True),
Saved in our own Nurseries, at Carlisle, from

plants grown by us during the past seaso*.
In Sealed Packets, Is., 2s. 6d., and 5s. each.

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, CARLISLF.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immedme
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia cleans,
Chasnffiropa excelsa. and Phcenix reclinata — from 10s. p f I-"' tr.
GARDENER. Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill. I^ndon. ^

To the Trade.

Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEED^.

HAND F. SHARPE are now prepare 1 to
• make special offers of their fine seleiled stocks of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they luivo
harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found vny
advantageous to purchasers.

Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

XHIBITION of CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Now on View, all the recent Novelties, many prumi-ing
Seedlings, and all old Standard varieties. The most complete
Collection in the Trade. LIST Gratis. Inspection invited.
Bailwav Station. Fore.st Hill, and Catford Bridge.
JOHN LAING AKD .SONS. Nurseries, Foiest Hill, S.E.

'■PHE IRREPRESSIBLE BRAMBLE,

A. WILSON. JUNR.— We have a fine stock at Glenfield. of
home-grown Plants, at 6s. per dozen, ca-h with order, carriage
and packing free. The indications are that all will be wanted,
and more ; these are certain to grow and do well. If we are
compelled to import, we thall quote at Buyer's risk. RASP-
BERRIES a specialty.

CATALOGUE of Choice Novelties in these and other fruits
gratis and post-free.

VICCARS COLLTER jtUD CO.. Central Hall. Leicester.

FRUIT TREES.

10.000 VICTORIA PLUMS.
5.000 GISBORN PLUMS.
6 000 PRINCE OF WALES PLUMS.
5,000 FARLEIGH PROLIFIC DAMSONS,
20,000 of other good sorts.
20.000 PEARS, in 60 sorts.
40,000 APPLES, in 100 sorts.
Brompton, Brussels, and Common PLUM STOCKS,
etronff. S-yr. wood.
Strong trained Morello CHERRIES.

THE BEST CELERIES.
HARRISON'S EARLY ROSE.— The most excellent eariy
variety, blanches quickly, lerv so'id, cri-p, large size, and ver^'
fine flavour. Per packet. Is. To the Trade, per dozen pkts., 6'.
HARRISON'S LEICESTER RED.— Acknowledged to be the
best for general u^e. Pronounced by the Royal Horticultural
Society as the best in cultivation ; very solid and crisp, nutty
flavour, and very hardy. Per packet. Is. To the Trade, per
dozen packets, 6s.

PENGELLY WHTTE.— The finest white variety, good sire,
solid and crisp. >plendid quality, very hand-ome. Per packei .
Is. To the Trade, per dozen packets. 6s.

Each variety. Free by Post for 12 Stamps.
HARRISON AND SONS. Seed Growers, Leicester.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

CANNELL'S GRAND NEW JUBILEE
VARIETIES direct from China— the one
great feature of the London Shows. Reduced
prices and full particulars see our Chrysanthe-
mum Catalogue, sent post-free.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Our Stock of both Plants and Cuttings of the
entire family — above 1000 varieties — is icw
ready for immediate dispatch. Cannot fai' to
give satisfaction. All warranted true, strrrg,
clean, country-grown, so very different from
those raised near smoky towns.

Sir,— With the Chrysanthemum^ \ou sent me in 1886 I have
obtained great success at our exhibitioninNoveral.er last. H Is
said that there will be a keen competilion this year ; certain
amateurs have bought Delaux's. For myself. I shall rest con-
tent with your recommendations. Please send me your Cata-
logues as they are issued.

March 31, 1887.

O. DE MEULENACRE, Gendbrugge, Belgii

H. CANNELL & SONS,

SWANLEY, KENT.

drilllllllllllllllllMIIIMMIIIIIIIiilllllillllllllllllllllllllll^

i JO pLANTERSi

I Stock Unique I

1 & Unequalled, i

i NURSERIES over 200 ACRES |

I MOST MODERATE PRICES. I
I TRUCK LOADS Carriage Free. |

i CATALOGUES GRATIS. =

iFi-A DiCKSON'SONSI

= THE QUEEN'S NURSERYtvlEN, =

I -CHESTER.- 1

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'""""""""!!'!!!!!^-^

SUTTON'S BULBS

^:£NUIME ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

582

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 12, 1887.

SPECIALTIES, 1887-8

PRELIMINARY LIST.

CHARLES SHARPE & CO.,

SLEAFORD,

have the following Choice and

IMPROVED STOCKS of PEAS, &c.,

to send out this season .—
NEW PEA, SHAKPE'S " VICTORY," 3s. 6<i. per packet.
„ SHARPE'S " EMPRESS," 2s. 6d. per packet.
„ SHARPE'S ■■ QUEEN," 3s. per pint. Is. id. per half-pint.
SH.IEPE'S •■TRIUMPH " PEA, 2s. per pint. Is. per half-pint.
SHARPE'S "SIRE. A. MILBANK," 2s. per pint. Is. half-pint.
SHARPE'S •■ PARAGON," 2s. id. per i]uart. Is. 3d. per pint.
NEW POTATO, SHARPE'S "STANDARD," Is. per pound.

10s. per stone.
SHARPE'S •• VICTOR" POTATO, 6(i. per pound.
SHARPE'S "DUKE OF ALBANY," 2s. id. per stone.
SHARPE'S "MONARCH " BROCCOLI, 2s.6rf. per packet.
NEW TOMATO, SHARPE'S " ECLIPSE," Is. per packet.
SHARPE'S " POMEGRANATE" TOMATO. Is. per packet.
SHARPE'S " EXTRA EARLY SNOWBALL " CAULIFLOWER,

Is. per packet.

For Trade Prices of the above Novelties, see
CHARLES SHARPE & CO.'S LIST OF SPECIALTIES ;

forwarded Post-free on application.

CHARLES SHARPE & CO.,

SEED MERCHANT,S, SLEAFORD.

ORD'S CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.—

Highest awards wherevir exhibited. Undoubtedly the
soundest stock extant. My Selection, 6s. per dozen. Also
libera] Collections at 10s., 16s., 20s., and 30s. Carriage paid

—The finest heavy scarlet

for ca«h

NEW PICOTEE " JfRS. SHARP,
edge ever offered. Catalogue post-fi
ROBERT LORD. Hole Bottom, Todmorden.

Reduced Prices to meet Depression.

TA E S C K 1 P T I V E C A 1' A L (I G U E,

XJ comprising fine transplanted FRUIT TREES. ROSES,
Hardy CLE.VIATIS. RHODODENDRONS, CONIFERS,
TREES and SHRUBS, CLLMBERS, FOREST TREES, &o.,
free on application to

GEO. JACKMAN & SON,

WOKXNG NURSERY. SURREY.

NEW FLOWERING and FRUITING COVERT PLANT,

ROSA RUGOSA.

ONE of the finest Hardy and Ornamental
Berried Shrubs, recently introduceil from Japan. Valuable
Covert Plant in Game Preserves and Woods. Forms a dense
bush between 4 and h feet high, clothed with luxuriant foliage,
and produces annually an abundant crop of large hips and
perfect seeds, which are greedily devoured by pheasants and
other birds. Rabbits cannot touch it, owing to its bristly bark.
For particulars and price apply to

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,

CARLISLE.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGWORTH, HERTS.

BULBS.

Very long experience ena'ules us to offer the
BEST QLTALITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN and SEKD MERCHA^'TS,
WORCESTER.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Roots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try William Clibran & So?f, who are probably in a
' better position than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers these desirable conditions. Statements of this

class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way, a few faj:ts as to the progress of our

business may be named.
Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 2 acres of ground are no^

covered \vith Glass and Buildings. Wages paid first year, about £250, to four men and a boy, now are £.5000 per annum

to over 100 hands regularly employed. Rent then, £36; now, near £800. Acreage at start, 6j ; now, 85, and still increasing

and extending on all sides.

V^M. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NTJRSEBIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BOWDON ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,
ham the pleasure to offer General Stock as under: —
Ferns— Fema— Ferns.

FOR TABLE DECORATION.— Well-grown, graceful plants,
full of foliage, in 5-inch pots, in all the best kimis for
standiuft, 95. per dozen; pretty little plants for filling
Fancy Pots, 4s. per dozen; the same in a great variety of
fancy pots, 9s. to 12s. per dozen. Very ornamental and

FERNS, IN VARIETY, for Conservatories and planting out in
Ferneries, kc, is., is., and 9s. per dozen.

Table Decorations.

PALlt;. FICUS ET.ASTIOA, ASPIDISTRAS, all grand plants
for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured ; good
plants, lit for immediate effect, I8s., 24s., and 30s. per

SOLANUMS. full of beautiful berries, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per
dozen. The finest Stock in the North of England.

Winter Flowers for Indoors.

EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA, bright scarlet, tor Ladies'

Spravs, &c., is. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA, scarlet heads, 6 to 9 inches

over, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERARIAS, 6s.

BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12s. per dozen ; small, 4s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYCLAMEN. 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Clumps of SPIR.KA JAPONICA. S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, 5s. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing, 6s. per 100 ; clumps, 12s. and 16s. per dozen.
EARLY-FLOWERING RHODODE.NDRONS, white and blush,

covered with buds, 30s. and '-iis. per dozen.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, fine large plants, 12s. and 18s. per

GERANIUMS, specially preparedfor winter-blooming, 12s. and

18s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARIAS and CALCEOLARIAS, the finest strains.

Is. id. per dozen ; in pots, 2s. id. per dozen.
CALLA .aiTHIOPICA, strong, 12s. and ISs. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud, 12s., 18s., and 24s. per

dozen.
AZALEA PONTICA. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS, 18s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a massof buds, 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
Beautiful CAMELLIAS, 30s., 36s.. and 42s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYTI3US, 9s. and 13s. per dozen.
CHRIST.MAS ROSES, the finest variety of all for large white

flowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and 30s. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS. SWEET WIL-
LIAMS. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades oj
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. pw
dozen, 50 for 3s., 100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
pliinted. Is. per 100.

ARABIS. AUBRIETIAS, DACTYLIS. white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS. PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNAEIA
TOMENTOSA, ALYSSUM, Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

DAISIES, red, white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 5s. per JOO,
40s. per 1000.

VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours, Is. per
dozen, 6s. per 100.

PYRETHRUMS, strong clumps. 4s. per dozen.

POTENTILLAS, 6s. per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS, 6s. per dozen.

PINKS. PANSIES. show or fancy, PHLOXES, 3s. 6i. per dozen.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, is. per dozen.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the best
kinds, 3s. per dozen, 21s. per 100.

Roses— Roses— Koses.

DWARFS, from the ground, of the be.nt sorts of Hybrid
Perpetuals, 6s. per do/en. .lO for 21s., 100 for 40s.

TEA SCENTED, in pots, the best kinds, 15s. and 18s. per dozen.

STANDARDS, from ground, las. per dozen.

Fruit Trees-Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety. Standards and Pyramids, 6s., 9s..
and 12s. per dozen; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s., 18s..
and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 18s, per dozen ; Trained,

18s., 24s., and 30s. per dozen.
PLUMS, Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen ; Trained. 34s.

and 30s. per dozen.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, all classes, 2s., 3s., and 4s,

RASPBERRIES. FILLBASKET, Is. per dozen. 6s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sorts, 4s., 6s., and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boxes,

pots, &c., in beautiful little plants, 6s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens. &c., in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuible specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom. 3s. id.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high.

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS, lovely kinds. 3s. per dozen. 15s. and 20».

per 100.
PLANTS for Hedges. Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

5s. to 15s. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from 15s. to 30s. per

1000 ; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100 ; HOLLIES.

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

CATALOGUES FREE.

"WHL. CLIBBAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(Established 1804.)

Best Varieties. Every form

SHRUBS, &C. (91 acres.) Sv^e^e'' f eIeI:

FLOWERINa PIANTS C8s- per do«-u. Ms. per ion),
FOREST TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000), ^oSr^r

IhK. to ye.^. per do/.en.

ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

4i'. per dozen. 25s. per 100 (R, S. & Co. "a Selection).

ng, 16s. to 35s. per 100.

VINES.

CLEMATIS,

Famous Planting and Forcing Asparagus and Sealcale.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS.

DESOKIFTIVE LISTS, containing an Immense amount of useful Information, free on application.

November 12, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEBS' CEEONICLE.

583

CHRISTMAS ROSES.

HELLEBORUS NIGER.

I have much pleasure in directing the atten-
tion of the Trade to my extensive stock, extending
to several thousands exceptionally fine, strong,
forcing clumps of the above. I think I never
had them in such fine condition ; their fresh
foliage is fine, and the clumps are closely filled
with flowering buds. The following varieties can
be supplied : —

CATJCASICTTS. — A really serviceable variety,

producing large, very conspicuous Howera. Pure white
when flowered inside or under other protection. One of
the most vigorous of all the Christmas Roses, and one
which will succeed iu almost anysoil or position, flowering
freely in the open ground iu January.

SIADAME FOUBCADE is a gem — certainly

one of thebi^st flowers of medium size; snow white, and
produced in the greatest possible profusion, even tlie very
pmallfst plauts flowering — of a good strong vigorous habit.
Fine strong clumps for forcing.

SLAJOH.. — For general purposes the best of all

the Niger varieties. My stock is very true, disiinct en-
tirely from the German varieties ; free in habit, producing
abundance of llowers of good form, and pure white in
colour. Exceptionally fine, home-grown forcing clumps.

MAXIMUS. — A robust, early-flowering: variety
— the largest and earliest of the group. The foliage is of
a very deep green, the stems are beautifully mottled. It
flowers in October and November, produciug large pure
white flowers, slightly shaded with ro^e on the exterior;
quite pure white when protected. Exceptionally fine,
strong, forcing dumps.

Special Descrip fire Priced List upo?i applicatioyi.

Thomas S. Ware,

HAXE FARM KUTISERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

ROSES.

Perpetual and Tea Scented Varieties.

Many Thousands,

ESTABLISHED IN POTS.

Extra strong and well branched.

Specially Grown for Forcing.

Will produce abundance of Bloom.

STANDAEDS and DWARFS.

Immense Stock of best new and old kinds, in
hardy, well-grown, and splendidly rooted plants.
Ne\} Descriptioe Catalogues free.
PRICES MOST MODERATE.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S NtlRSERYMEN,
CHESTER.

PINUS MONTICOLA

" Douglas."

One of the most handsome Coniferous trees, of
vigorous growth, growing up to 100 feet in height.
Found in California, at an elevation of 700O feet,
on poor scanty soil. Valuable timber, white,
fine grained, and tough. Should be planted
largely in this country. Prices on application.

LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,

NtmSEBTMEN and SEEDSMEN to -the QDEEaif,
CARLISLE.

YERTEGAN

SPECIALTIES.

THE SNOW ROSE.

A lovely con
panion to Ro'
rugosaalba — only
much more floriferous, " gioing the bunches, when infuU
flower, the appearance of masses of snow" {Gardening
nitistrated, June 4, 1887, p. 16(i).— Quite hardy, bit
pure white, exquisitely .-^ivnted, and certain to bei.
one of the most popiiUir Itu-e-;.

Price 2b. 6d. ana 3s. 6d. each.

Carpentaria califbrnica. £SS;

ted number of this beautiful pbnt. recently described iu
The Garden as being '^ one of the greatest acgnisitions
among flowering shrubs that has betn introduced during
the last half a dosen t/ears,"

[Imagine a shrub covered with lovely semi-transparent
<ingle poppy-like flowers, relieved by golden anthers.
Blooms are deliciously scented.

Price 15s. and 21s. each.

Spirsea flagellifbrmis. B^BSili

iiilicent shrub as being, '' a ghrtoits wreath, measuruig
19 inches, and throughout that length is densely furnished
with small clusters of white Haafhoi-n- sceiited blossom<!.

The same authority further states. " /( 15, we con'^ider
one of the mo'it beautiful of all •'^/jiriras, and unquesiion-
nblij the finest of the white JhiLenng hiiids."

I have a limited ttock to offer at 6s. 6d. Sc 7s. 6d.
each.

SEASIDE APPLE."

othe:
togt

I have been fortunate in securing "a resident bv the
sea" that at last solves this hitherto problem, as ;
bears its fruit no matter how exposed to the sea breezi
the position may happen to be. Fruit of ordinary size-
raidseason — colour beautiful golden — with, nissetty spot:
and of first-class flavour.

maidens, 3s. 6d. and 6s. 6d. each.

"THE DIVINE PEAR" Llfl

(DIOSPYROS KAKI). chare

bouse fruit, about the size of a Tomato. " Colour i:
'iimilartothatof an Apricot, and the flesh is also like thm
of Apricots, but more juici/ and of pleaxanter fijvour ^
indeed the fruit, ichen fully ripe is quite delicious" —
Gabden,

Price 6s., 7s. 6d., and 10s. each; 553., SOs., and
lOOs. per dozen.

"The Fruit of the Future" I v,;

AMERICAN BLACKBEKKIES. AMhtae-

groivn plants to offer of these mtgiiificent varieties.
See that well-known fruit authority's (Mr. W. Coleman)
article in THE Garden on Blackberries grown at Chad
Valley.

Best of All, 73. per dozen.

Wilson Junior, 6s per dozen.

Crystal (white-fruited), 63. 6d. per dozen.

FOR RARE AND BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS.
FOR RARE AND BEAUTIFUL SHRUBS.
FOR RARE AND BEAUTIFUL TREES.
FOR RARE AND BEAUTIFUL BRAMBLES.
FOR RARE AND BEAUTIFUL EVERGREENS.
FOR RARE AND BTAUTIFDL PERENNIALS.
FOR RARE AND DELICIOUS BLACKBERRIES.
FOR RARE i(ND DELICIOUS FRUITS.
FOR RARE AND ODOROUS FLOWERS.
Most of uliitlinre not tobofouiul i" nnv other List. See
ILLUSTRATED •> Grati
CATALOGUE

VERTECAN8'

SPECIALTIES.

\ Oral

( an.

f POs

) frei

R. H. VERTEGANS, F.R.H.S.,

Chad Valley Nuiaertes, BIEMINOHAM.

A. W. CREWS, ' TekjTfjphicadcress:

Manager. "Vertegans', Birmingham."

Now ready, in clotb, lis. 6d.
rpHE GAEDENERti' CHUONICLE,

J- Vol. I.. Third Series. JAN. (o JUNE. 1867.

W. EICHAUDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

NEW EDITION,
Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 5d., Post-Jree SJd.

W. RICHAPDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1887.

A HOLIDAY IN CENTRAL AND
SOUTHEEN FEAKCE.
/^N the evening of August 8, in company with a
^^ friend of similar tastes, I left London for a
trip in Central and Southern France. Our
principal object was to see the vegetation of the
districts through which we pa.ssed, and so our
notebooks were only brought into requisition to
record matters of horticultural or botanical in-
terest. Little time was spent in museums, or
churches, or public buildings, but from early
morn until night put a stop to our rambles we
worked in the open air. The weather, too, proved
favourable enough,asduringthe three weeks or so
our trip lasted we only had three days on which
rain fell. The drought had been as continuous
in France as ' England during the extraordinary
summer we experienced this year ; so that
where irrigation did not obtain the fields pre-
sented the same parched appearance as the ]a^vns
and pastures we had left behind us in England.
Little need be said of the journey from Dieppe to
Paris; the Apple orchards of Normandy have
been described often enough. On the borders of
the small streams and in damp spots skirting the
railway, Cirsium oleraceum, a Thistle common
enough in France, but not native in Britain, was
abundant. Fields of Maize and Teasel here and
there gave an unfamiliar aspect to an otherwise
somewhat uninteresting stretch of country. Im-
mediately on arriving in Paris we made our way
to the Orleans Eailway Station, and a quick run
soon brought us through the fiat corn-growing
plain to what was practically our first halting-
place, Orleans ; and we soon found ourselves in the
quaint little market-place, MarchS Porte Renaud.
Here were several things worthy of notice, the
principal of which were the following : —

Of Clethra alnifolia, the "White Alder, or
Sweet Pepper-bush of the Eastern United States,
there was a quantity of nice dwarf bushy plants,
beautifully flowered. It seems strange that so
pretty a plant, and one, moreover, with flowers
so sweetly scented, should not be more frequently
seen in pcrts in this country. Basil, too, was on

584

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NotBMBITB 12, 1887.

many stands. Both here and in some parts of Ger-
many it is grown for its neat bushy habit and its
fragrant foliage. Bouvardias in variety, well done,
were plentiful, as also a white-flowered Lantana.
Fuchsias were very well grown, but the varieties
were rather poor. The Japanese Hydrangea
pxniculata was thoroughly well grown. Perhaps
the plant, however, which most attracted our
attention was one of the hardy perennial Statices,
with its light, airy, much branched inflorescences
of small blue and red-tinted flowers. With the
exceptions above given the rest of the pot plants
were commonplace, much below the standard of
Covent Garden excellence. Between Vouvray
and Mont Louis, on both sides of the Loire, there
was bordering the railway platforms a long
broad band in fine flower of the old-fashioned
Valoradia plumbaginoides, perhaps better known
as Plumbago J^arpentte, a blue-flowered Chinese
perennial which created some sensation when it
was exhibited and sent out about a generation
ago. AVe never saw this so profusely in flower
before; probably the average English summer is
not hot and sunny enough for the successful cul-
tivation of this charming plant. At this point
the Loire is a broad .stream, with a considerable
areas of its bed left high and dry ; and in the
apparently pure sand in the middle of the river
crops of Potatos are frequently grown by the
thrifty peasantry. In this district, too, we
noticed the Opium Poppy as a field crop, and also
Buckwheat. Wheat was the prevailing crop —
Vines and Maize only occurring at intervals.

Botanic Garden, Touns.

Here was a charming garden, beautifully kept,
in which a host of plants luxuriated which we
are not accustomed to see in the open air in this
country. Foremost .nmongst these were .standard
spe3imens of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowering
freely. A broid border on each side of the walk
leading from the Palm-house near the entry was
planted with dwarf pyramidal Magnolia grandi-
flora, the Hibiscus above mentioned, and standard
p'ants of Cassia lievigata, with its wealth of golden
blossoms, the ground beneath being clothed with
a mixture of familiar bedding stuff. A fine bed,
striking enough both at a distanre and near at
hand, was composed of young plants of Euca-
lypius globulus, with an undergrowth of Bego-
niai. The lawns were simply perfect, their con-
dition being due to the copious supply of water,
nu'nbers of hose-pipes, nozzles, &o., pouring a con-
tinuous spray night and day. Add to this the fact
that the lawns are not used for walking upon by
the public at large as at Kew and so many of the
English public gardens. Under such conditions
it is hardly surprising to find that the specimen
Conifers, dotted about in groups here and there,
thrive so well. Beautiful examples of Welling-
tonia, Cryptomeria, Lawson's Cypress, Douglas
Fir, Thuia gigantea, Abies cephalonica, A. Pin-
Sipo, the deciduous Cypress, the Red-wood, Se-
quoia sempervirens, and the Ginkgo biloba — or,
as it is more frequently called, Salisburia adian-
tifolia — were common ; indeed, on the whole, the
finest lot of Conifers we saw during our journeys
was to be found in the Tours Botanic Garden.
Libocedrus decurrens, a perfect picture of health
and beauty, was between 30 and 40 feet in
height, and not so strikingly columnar in habit
as we are accustomed to see the species in
England. Cephalotaxus pedunculata fastigiata, or,
a3 it is most generally called in the catalogues of
English nurserymnn, Podosarpus koraiana, was
a fine bulky specimen som^ 10 feet high. One
of the mo-it inti!re">ting a"? wall as one of the
most curious shrubs was the Chinese and Japanese
raeudoegla repiaria, figured from a Kew plant

some few years ago in the Botanical Magazine
under the name of Citrus trifoliata. Although
hardy enough in England — in the southern
counties, at least — it does not always flower with
us, and we had never seen a plant bearing fruit.
Instead of being, as with us, a somewhat unhappy
looking subject with scanty leafage, the Tours
plants were so abundantly clothed with foliage as
to almost hide from view at first sight the formid-
able spiny branches ; both fruit and flowers were
present in quantity. This is no doubt the only
Orange which is really hardy so far north.

Among the deciduous trees in the belt sur-
rounding the garden, the most remarkable were
Koelreuteria paniculata, both in flower and fruit;
in Britain, although flowers are produced freely
enough, the bladdery-looking fruits are rarely
developed. Gleditschia sinensis, laden with its
broad singular-looking pods, was a conspicuous
object; and perhaps the inost beautiful of all
was a good tree of Prunus cerasifera, laden with
its long-stalked Cherry-like fruits. It is a pity
that so truly beautiful a tree should fruit so
rarely in Britain ; during early spring it is
clothed with a sheet of white at Kew and else-
where ; but, probably owing to the cold damp
weather, the flowers hardly ever set. Lagerstrcemia
indica, too, which we generally see grown as a
stove or greenhouse shrub, flowers here abun-
dantly in the open air — much more freely, too,
than with us under glass. This species, however,
we met with frequently further south, larger and
finer. In the beds in which the plants were
arranged in botanical sequence there was a good
collection of herbaceous plants. As is usual in
French botanic gardens, trees and shrubs, cut
back and tortured to keep them within reason-
able bounds, were grown in the places they
should, as a matter of fact, occupy from a
botanical point of view. From a common-sense,
practical standpoint, however, it seems absurd to
grow side by side a forest tree and a small herb ;
the roots of the former prevent the latter from
obtaining its fair share of food, and its tall stem
and leafy branches cut off the light necessary for
the well-being of its smaller neighbours.

Buddleia Lindleyana here makes a charming
shrub, and the Chaste-tree, Vitex Agnus-castus,
and A', incisa, flower freely ; the latter species,
with its prettily cut leaves and panicles of bluish
flowers being particularly conspicuous. The
finest plant of the Button-wood, Cephalanthus
occidentalis, we ever saw, was represented by a
specimen some 7 feet in height, laden with its
dense globular heads of flowers and fruit ; at
Kew this only manages to exist in the open, and
hardly attains a height of more than a foot and
a-half. All the plants in the botanical beds had
long-shanked iron or zinc labels, but a large
number were not named, only numbered, but on
inquiry it seems that no list is published. The
non-nammg of so many plants is a grave fault in
a botanic garden ; there were many things we
should have been glad to note had the names
been present. Coming from the botanic garden
into the town, a small prostrate weedy Amaran-
thus, A. deflexus, growing along the roadsides,
was sufficient to remind us that the wild flora of
this part of France is already a good deal
removed from that of Britain.

BoEDEAtrx.
Bordeaux, one of the most important towns in
France, the fourth in rank, if population be
taken as the standard, the capital of the depart-
ment of the Gironde, is a centre from which
much that is of interest both to the gardener
and botanist may be readily seen. The "Jardin
Public " is the most interesting ^nd beautiful of

the Bordelaise promenades ; it is divided into
two parts — one laid out for landscape effects, and
the other into more formal squares, &c., for the
botanic garden proper. Shade from the fierce
sun is a necessity in these southern countries,
and so here, as well as elsewhere, the walks are
bordered by trees whose grateful shade allows
the visitor to ramble about with some amount of
personal comfort. The specimen trees, &c., on
the lawns, which latter kept green and fresh by
continuous watering and mowing, are, as a rule, in
groups, and not, as in too many English gardens,
dotted about singly and constantly reapeated. The
potentiality of a given tree seems under such
conditions to be much more clearly demon-
strated, and the effect from a landscape point of
view is always — assuming there is space enough
— superior to that produced by the single dotting
.system. One of the most remarkable groups is
one of about fifty Chinese Fan Palms, Trachy-
carpus Fortunei, some of the specimens of which
are about 18 feet in height. Many were fruiting
freely. From the legend on the label we learnt
that the lot was planted in its present position
in May, 1873 — the seeds having been sown in
the Botanic Garden in 1866. Remarkably fine
trees of the Maidenhair tree. Ginkgo biloba,
good examples of Taxcdium distichum. Sequoia
sempervirens, and other Conifers, occur. The
Japanese Zelkowa acuminata here makes a fine,
upright, handsome tree. In Britain as a rule it
prefers to make a rather ugly flat-headed,
tall growing bush. The South European Nettle
tree, Celtis austr.ilis, may be seen in full
beauty ; in England it generally is a complete
failure from an ornamental point of view. One
of the most handsome of all the nmuerous flower-
ing trees is Albizzia julibris.sin, with its flat head
and horizontally spreading branches laden with
white Mimosa-like flowers. The largest of the
Bordeaux trees is about 30 feet in height ; in
habit, it is, according to my travelling companion
— who is familiar with the aspect of tropical vege-
tation in many countries — the exact counterpart
of the Flamboyant, Poinciana regia, a tree with
whose beauty travellers are always struck. As a
bush, P. Gilliesii is wonderfully effective, the
light green finely divided lea\'es, and the yellow
flowers with their long red filaments, forming a
striking combination of colour. The common
Sensitive plant. Mimosa pudica, was growing and
flowering freely as an undergrowth and border to
shrubbery. Tecoma grandiflora, a Japanese
Bignoniad, never seen in perfection in this
country, was at Bordeaux a gorgeous mass of
orange-scarlet colour. Melia Azederach, too,
forms a tree, and, although out of flower at the
time of our visit, was striking enough with its
ample, much divided leaves and panicles of green
globular fruits almost as large as a small Hazel-
nut. Sterculia platanifolia, too, though incon-
spicuous enough as regards both size and colour
of individual flowers, was attractive enough by
reason of its smooth green bark, its large long-
stalked, palmately - lobed leaves, and its huge
branched, clustered panicles, 2 feet across, of
fruits and greenish-white flowers. This appears
to be a very fast growing and valuable shade tree
in warm climates; the Bordeaux plants would
measure from 30 to 40 feet in height. One of
the Japanese Date Plums, Diospyros costata, was
laden with fruit as large as a medium-sized
Peach, still quite green ; the large deep green
coriaceous leaves of this tree would alone render
it a favourite in this country, were it hardy
enough to withstand our climate. There is
apparently a good colleotion of herbaceous plants,
but the two which attracted our attention most
were two magnificent clumps of Hibiscus, some

NOTEMBEB 12, 1887.]

THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

585

8 feet in height — these were covered with huge
flowers ; Hibiscus palustris albiflorus, white ; and
H. militaris, white, with deep red eye. In a
tttnlf in the open were a number of aquatics we
are not accustomed to see, except under glass, in
Britain; amongst them were Thalia dealbata,
Sagittaria lancifolia, and Jussinea grandiflora.

The ornamental water, crossed by many bridges
— the sides of one of which being entirely made
of the old gnarled stems of A'ines — is too much
shaded for ornamental aquatics to be grown in it,
but along its banks are some magnificent trees of
species too numerous to particularise. Is o account
of the Bordeaux garden could be complete with-
out special mention being made of the magnifi-

feet apart, and fastened to stakes 3 feet high,
and two lines of wires stretched the length of the
rows. In the famous vineyard at Chateau
Margaux, some 700,000 "S'ines are grown as
described in the last sentence, and not a weed
was to be seen. Whenever Oidium appears a
solution of sulphate of copper and lime is applied
by means of a pipe attached to a vessel carried
on the shoulders of the workman. The surface
of the reddish gravelly soil is kept constantly
loose.

Here we were initiated into the mysteries
of Medoc wine classification ; the first cm has
three qualities, the second cru also three ; then
comes bourgeois and pausan, with their three

of Bordeaux the wild Carrot in flower was so
abundant as to give a whitish colour to whole
tracts. In the Garonne delta irrigation is largely
practised, and the market gardens seemed very
well managed. i\'.

APHELANDRA MARGARIT.E.

We have several species of Aphelandra remarkable
for their prettily variegated foliage — A. fascinator,
A. Leopoldi, and A. punctata, being well known as
ornamental-leaved stove plants. A. Margarita: is a
recent addition to these. The manner of its varie-
gation is shown in tlie accompanying illustration (tig.
114), which Mr. J. Weathers has prepared from a

Fig. 114.— apeelandea maeoaeit.e.

cent tall pyramids of Magnolia grandiflora. A
glance at these is sufficient to enable one to
appreciate to its full extent the enthusiastic
praise of Bartram, who, in his most interesting
'' Travels," published nearly a century ago,
gives a description of the species as he met
with it in its native haunts in the Southern
United States.

From Bordeaux, a day was spent in visiting
the Vine-growing country between the Landes
and the Garonne. Here, at least, phylloxera is
unknown, and the vineyards looked the picture
of health. Various methods of culture seemed
to obtain : on some properties the rows were 6
feet apart, and the Vines were trained to stakes,
and along horizontal wires as high as a man. The
majority however, were grown in rows about 3

qualities each ; and, finally, arttsan, This year
the Vine growers expected or rather hoped that
the season would turn out a good one, although
the crop was not by any means heavy. It seems
that until the wine is actually made no one can
make sui'e that any season's crop will produce
wine of first-rate quality ; let a shower occur at
a wrong time, and the chances of a first cru
realising high prices disappear.

On the way back to Bordeaux oxen, covered
with white sheets to guard against the plague of
flies, were ploughing between the rows of Vines,
and presented rather a strange appearance. The
purplish mantle on the ditches by the roadside
turned out to be AzoUa pinnata, a pretty aquatic,
figured in a recent volume of the Gardeners'
Chronicle, lu the flat grass land near the city

plant at Kew. The groundwork of the leaves is deep
olive-green, the lines along the nerves are white, and
the under-surface is purplish-crimson. The whole
plant is covered with a soft pubescence. Flowers
yellow, not particularly ornamental. For the intro-
duction of this plant we are indebted to Messrs.
Makoy & Co., of Liege. It is a native of Brazil. W.

The Grape Salamanca.— Thisvariety.referred
to by our correspondents " T. B., II Casone, Calle
Latistte," at p. 433, and further by"A. F. B.," at
p. 467, is stated by " T. B., II Casone," to be most
generally known in Italy under the above name, and
not as the Salamanca. He likewise avers that it is
the Muscat of Alexandria, introduced from Spain
by Eleanora of Toledo, wife of the Grand Puke de
Medici, Cosmo.

58G

THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE.

[November 12, 1887.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

JIASDEVALLIA GELEXIANAx, «. liyh.

This is the result of crossing Masdevallia xan-
thiua and M. Shuttleworthii, the latter being the
stigmatic parent. It has very stitf petiolate, oblong
leaves, of course with the unavoidable obliterate,
tridenticulate apex. The leaf at hand is 1'75 inch
long by 0314 wide. The flower is rather large,
coming uear that of Masdevallia Shuttleworthii,
afTectiug its outlines, though the free parts of the
lateral sepals are wider. Tails very long, as in Mas-
devallia Shuttleworthii, sulphur nolored. Uppersepal
orange, with numerous small purple dots, which dis-
appear by-aud-by. Side sepals much lighter, with
sulphur borders, and similar keels outside. At the
very base of the lateral sepals there is a dark brown
angle painted, a heritage of Masdevallia xantliina.
Petals ligulate, tridentate, with an angle in the
middle, and a finger-like descending process at the
base, longitudinally keeled inside, sulphur-colored.
Lip rather large, membranaceous, transverse, oblong,
slightly lobed each side with a median rather obscuie
channel, and two obscure keels, rather pellucid, with
innnmerable purple spots. Colnmn stout, with some
small teeth at the apex, very pallid, whitish, with
dark purple spots, and similar margins on lateral
angles.

This is the dchut of Mr. F. Sander in Orchid
hybriding, very many more are forthcoming. As it
is, all orchidic England is now engaged in the pro-
creation of mules. Mr. Sander wanted his lovely
gem to be dedicated to Baron Hrnby von Gelenye.
No one loves tlie Masdevallias more than this gen-
tleman does, and no one has finer plants of the
rarest kinds, and no one is so frightened of giving
away parts of his riches, as wc saw at Dresden, in
the case of Masdevallia Carderi, so well grown by
Mr. Fans. We thought it a very large mass, easily
divided, but the Baron told us it was almost nothing
in his view.

I have only partly fulfilled Jlr. Sander's wish,
inasmuch as I have called the mule Geleniana,
hoping to call an undoubted species Hrubyana one
day. Is it not a fine thing to enjov two names I
H.G.Bchb.f.

Vaxda Ame.siax.\, lichh,/.
I was much pleased to see at Messrs. Hugh Low &
Co.'s this glorious plant, the inflorescence of which
gives the impression of a very fine Phal.Tnopsis at a
distance if the leaves are not visible. Those organs are
singularly hard and suddenly acuminate. There is a
representation in the Orchid Album, vol. vii., pi. 296,
of Messrs. R. Warner and B. S.Williams, and which,
fine as it is, does not do full justice to the plant,
inasmuch as it does not show the chaste rosy hue of
both sepals and pet.ils which indeed finally disappears.

1 have also at hand a fine aquarelle, kindly sent me
by Mr. Stuart Low. H. G. Echh. f.

Phal.i;xopsis LI'ddemanniaxa, ear. hiekoulvphua,
n. car.
This lovely thing has bloomed at Messrs. Hu;:h
Low & Co.'s, Upper Clapton. It was at once marked
to be reserved, on its arrival from the Philippines.
The leaves are s.aidtobeof a peculiarly erect habit for
a Phalanopsis, 7 to 8 inches, and narrow in ]iropoj-
. tion to the length, being at the widest part scarcely

2 inches wide ; roots rouud and whitish-green. The
flowers have light ochre-white sepals and petals
narrower, and thus appearing longer than is a common
Phalirnopssis Liiddemanniana. They are covered witli
Braall cinnamon circles or spots, or curious figures ;
the lip has V017 short side Iacini:e, and the mid laciuia
is very cuneate, narrow, with an unusually developed
keel at the base, and very few hairs at the convex
top.

The connecting link with the genuine Phahcnopsis
Ludderaanniana would appear to be my variety deli-
cata which I have not seen since 1805, when it
flowered amidst Jlonsieur Porte's plants, at Jlr.
LudJemann's. H. If. Rchb.f.

SvNTHrniS KENlFOnJIIS.

This interesting plant is now in flower at Brock-
hurst, and is likely to continue in bloom until
Ciiristmas. It is one of the verv few winter flowers,
and usually blooms with us from Febrnary until
March. Last year it failed to bloom on account of
the hard winter, and I suppose the warm dry sum-
mer has brought it forward, so that it is earlier than
usual.

A full description and illustration of this interest-
ing plant are to be found in the Botanical Magazine
for 18SG, t. GS60. It is a n.ative of California, and
is allied to the Wulfenias of the Alps. It has
Veronica-like flowers, of a rich purple-blue, in long
racemes. The illustration given in the Botanical
Ma<ja:inc was taken from plants grown here, and it
has proved perfectly hardy, the plants having now
been undisturbed here for four or five yeiirs in the
open garden amongst the Hellebores. It came to me
from Woolson & Co., of Passaic, but is not now
easily obtainable. I hope our American florists will
again ofl'er this interesting plant to English gar-
deners. IT/zi. Brockbajikj BrocJihur&t , Didshur//,
2\'ucembcr 5.

CHRISTJMAS KOSES.

The beautiful flowers of Helleborus niger maxi-
mus are now beginning to remind us of the closing
year, when the true Christmas Hoses will cheer us
with their snow-white blossoms. The promise this
year is one of an unusual wealth of bloom. The hot
dry summer marred the foliage, which is much
scantier than usual, but the buds show thickly, just
peeping above the ground, and we shall have an
abundance of Christmas Roses at Christmas-tide.
As not much has been written lately on this subject,
it may be useful to refer your readers to the Gar-
deners' Chronicle of January 19, 1884, p. 77, where
all the varieties of H. niger which were then grown
in England were described and classed, and 1 believe
that paper may still be considered as the standard
for our present purpose. There appears to be a
danger at this time of an eiToneous nomenclature
being introduced, and I therefore wish to endeavour
to draw the attention of florists to the desirability of
maintaining botanical correctness in the names they
apply to new varieties of H. niger.

Mr. Hartland, in an article on Christmas Roses
{Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 439), remarked upon the
" Riverston hybrid " that he inferred it was a natural
cross between H. caucasicus (!) and H. major, because
its deep green foliage resembled that of caucasicus !

On reading this extraordinary statement I at once
wrote to my friend Mr. Poe, of Riverston, directing
attention to it. Mr. Poe published in your columns
(October 2"J, p. 504) what I believe to be the correct
conclusion, viz., that the origin of the Riverston
variety of 11. niger major was attributed to H. niger
maximus and H. niger angustifolius, from the fact of
its partaking of the characteristics of both these
plants in a remarkable degree, as also in its period
of blooming. This sets at rest the origin of the
Riverston variety of H. niger.

For a time it was a puzzle to me how Mr. Hart-
land got hold of the idea that II. caucasicus (one of
the orientalis group, with pale green flowers, and
no Christmas Rose at all) could be a possible parent
of the Riverston pure white variety of H. niger
major. This has recently become pretty clear to me.

On receiving the autumn catalogue from Mr.
Geo. Stamp, of Bishopsteignton, I found, under the
head of Christmas Roses, " II. niger caucasicus, an
intermediate between major and maximus ; flowers
large, pure white, showy, and one of the most
vigorous." I at once ordered a couple of jjlants, and
inquired of Mr. Stamp how the name " caucasicus "
came to be applied, as I had never lieard of any
Christmas Rose from the Caucasus. The plant
appeared to be a sturdy variety of II. niger major.
Mr. Staniji states tliat it has the peculiarity found in
the Riverston variety, and in maximus, of the pink-
tipped pistil ; that it is a free-flowering variety,
approaching maximus in size, and with a pink tinge

in the white. It appears, therefore, to be worth
growing, and it deserves a distinctive name, such as
the " Riverston," " St. Bridgid's," or the " Brock-
hurst '' varieties are known by, but surely not cau-
C'lsicus.

I next wrote to Mr. Ware to ask why the plant
bore this name, as Mr. Stamp referred me to him,
and by this time I had received Mr. Ware's catalogue
also, offering the plants, and his Christmas Rose
advertisements were in all the gardening papers,
H. n. caucasicus standing first on the list. Mr.
Ware replied that he procured it in the first instance
from one particular locality in France, where it has
been cultivated for a very long time. He had never
met with it elsewhere, but made several incpiiries
about it, and gathered th.at it came from Russia —
somewhere in the south of that country. Mr. Ware
is under the impression that H. niger exists as far
east as the Caucasus, and thinks it is more than
probable this is the plant which comes from that
neighbourhood, and if so " caucasicus " is a very
proper name for it, although it is very confusing, he
admits, that there should be another plant with the
same name. He says he has been endeavouring for
a long time to get some Hellebores from the Cau-
casus, but has not succeeded. Here, then, we have
the history of this misnomer, and the solution of the
Hartland riddle.

I had already written to Mr. Baker, before receiv-
ing Mr. Ware's reply, and received the following
note ; — " You are perfectly right in all you say about
Helleborus caucasicus. The name belongs of right
to one of the sub-species of the orientalis group,
and has been applied with a regular botanical defini-
tion by Karl Koch in A. Braun's Monograph, &c.,
and by myself in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1877,
part i., p. 4G6. It is, therefore, most undesirable
that the name should now be used for one of the
niger forms."

I hope, therefore, Mr. Ware will give his plant
another name, which will not grate on the ears of
true botanists. I searched through all the S|)ecimen3
of H. niger in the Kew Herbarium in 1884, and
could not find any H. niger from the Caucasus, so
that it is extremely improbable that the plant in
question came from that district. I have a great
many plants of H. niger from Austria, where major
and maximus grow side by side, and I think it will
be found that Mr. Ware's variety is of Tyrolean
origin.

There is another name used by Messrs. Morrison,
of Aberdeen, for a form of H. niger major (with a
pink-tipped pistil also), viz., II. n. intermedins. This
name might fairly represent the passage from maxi-
mus to major, which is the possible position of this
variety, and it is probably the same as Mr. Ware's.
This I hope to settle during the present season.
There is, however, another form of orientalis, called
" intermedins "■ (Host., Flor. Austr., vol. ii., p. 18), a
gi'een-flowered Hellebore, purple on the underside of
the sepals. This name, therefore, would be better
changed, as it might lead to misunderstandings if it
was simply spoken of as H. intermedins. W. Brock-
bank, Brockhurst, Bidsbiiri/, Xov. 5.

ABNORM.VL GROWTH
PoTATos.

OF

Thk year IH."^? promises to be known as the year
of long-topped and short-tubered Potatos. Like
Tennyson's brook, which flowed on and yet on for
ev^r, so the mid-season and late Potato crops
kept on growing longer and yet longer haulm, until
at last, in mid-October, they were pulled up sharp
by the frost. Tiie drought checked mo-st green
crops — Peas and Turnips to wit — but it only set
Potato sliaws growing all the more, and made them
run all tlie further and faster. While this abnormal
development of shaw was most conspicuous among
mid-season and late crops, it was also a marked
feature amid earlier and fairly good sorts. The
Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron, and White Elephant
carried an excess of top, though not to a like extent
as Hough Keds, Magnum Bonums, Cliampions, and

NoraMBEE 1-2, 188?.)

TEE GABDENEB8' CHE ONI CLE.

587

Regents. Keitlier was the excess of top of the early
varieties so inimical to the production or the swelling
of the tubers as in regard to the mid-season and
late sorts. It is this close correlation between
much top and little bottom that has ]iroved the
most provoking fe.iture of this Potato season.
Neither must tiiis liglit yield, or non-production of
tubers, be confounded with supertuberation, two,
three, or four deep. The latter is ti-ying enough to
the Potato grower, and yet more so to the consumer,
who too often f^nds a globe of water instead of a ball
of flour ; still, the gi-oss produce of different ages and
sizes is worth sometliing for the food of beasts, if not
man ; wdiereas the longest shaws have toiled and
moiled in gi-owing all the season, and produced
little or nothing in the shape of tubers. I lifted
Magnum Bonum this seaon 2 yards long, and found
nothing but a full crop of swollen underground
stems, resembling a sort of monstrous Couch-
grass or roots of green Ginger. Tlie running roots
below seemed as if trying to keep pace witli
the racing shaws aboveground, and botli a]>pear
in some mysterious way to have been the direct
product of the abnormal heat and drought of the
past summer.

I use the word direct advisedly, and for this reason,
that the Folates kept on gi-owing without check or
hindrance all through the drought. Had rains and
drought alternated in a sort of half-and-lialf mixture
of shower and shine throughout the growing season,
the present condition of many of our Potato crops
might have been anticipated ; but the long spell of
dry weather seemed more likely to shorten the
haulm and hasten and heighten the produce of
the tubers. Never before do I remember to
have seen a long spell of drought drive Potatos
into such excess of leaf and stem, as to grow them
out and away from tubering. It would be interesting
to know whether excess of heat, light, or of drought
were the more responsible for this provoking fiasco
in the tuberation of our Potatos. No doubt on light,
shallow, poor soils the heat was excessive. But in
such cases the Potatos were either burned up or a
light crop of small tubers of good quality, was ripen-
ing earlier than usual. Where these light soils were
richer and deeper, however, the tops grew on with a
vigour far beyond the average and in no case that
has come under my observation has the increased
yield of tubers corresponded to the increased length
or strength of haulm.

It would be interesting to know how far the excess
of light was responsible for the excess of top and
paucity of tuber. In considering this, another
peculiarity of the Potato crop of the season must be
taken into account, viz., the paucity of bloom and of
apples.

I never remember seeing so little blossom and
so few berries on Potatos as this season. It is
often said that it is the unexpected that happens.
Surely no result could have been more unexpected
than their growth out of seed-bearing as well as
tuberation. The extra amount of sunshine as
well as its increased intensity, might both have
been expected to contribute towards an excess of
bloom aud of seed, and to the shortening of the
haulm, whatever effect it might have had on the
crops of tubers.

The excess of drought was, however, tlie most
powerful factor in this disorganisation of our Potato
crops this year. Whatever effects the excess of
heat or light may have had, doubtless the absence of
rain was the chief disturbing element in the growtli
and productiveness of the Potato. Had it only
rained all would have been well, and yet it does
seem most unphilosophical to affirm that the drought
sent our Potato stems up our fruit trees and over
our garden walls. Frequently during the long
drought I was tempted to ask the Potato tops
what went they up so high for — to see or find ?
but tliey were too intent on running further, and
faring worse, than the legitimate business of tubera-
tion, to pause to give any answer. Turnips re-
fused to come up. Cauliflowers stood stock-still, or
buttoned oft' in true orthodox stvle : Onions matured

into picklers. Cabbages became blue — almost black
— in the face, and green Peas failed to set their
blooms or to fill their pods with luscious globules ;
while tlic Potatos ran off sliaws by the yard, as if
these were the be-all and end-all of Potato life,
growth, produce.

This is the greatest mystery of the last season
among vegetables. Its solution will not change
our pecks into sacks of Potatos, nor will it trans-
form the watery Magnum Bonums, or other late
varieties in which two or three — aye, or even more —
qualities, mostly worthless, may be found in almost
every single tuber — into balls of flour. Still it may
do something to cheer us, and perhaps to fight
another drought — and the weather prophets say we
are in for a series of dry seasons — to better purpose
tlian the harvesting of haulm chiefly or only. May
we obtain any help from Peru in this matter ? It is
said that semi-tropical climates mostly disturb tlie
constitutional tendency to sober and profuse tubera-
tion in our Potato. Be that as it may, a facetious
friend of mine in East Anglia, who had Potatos from
Peru two years ago, has not yet had a boiling of the
produce, and this year they have leaped over the
garden wall, and seemed disposed, by the latest
accounts, to run up a neiglibour's chimney. Allow-
ing a very considerable margin for exaggeration in
regard to this latest example of a new climbing
Potato, there seems little to hope from the latest
Potato— Marvel of Peru. D. T. F.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

CYJnJIDlUM MASTERSII.

I AM reminded of the great value of the above
beautiful winter-flowering Orchid by the fine masses
now in luxuriant flower at Chatsworth. Cymbidium
eburneum is much sought after, and is certainly a
lovely Orchid, but in my estimation C. Mastersii is
almost as beautiful ; and coming into flower as it does
in October, and continuing on to December, when
choice white flowers are scarce, adds much to its
value. It has the perfume of Almonds, and is of
easy culture. J. K,

Vanda Sandebiana.
On calling a few days ago at Messrs. Fisher, Son
& Sibray's nursery, Slieflield, I was much interested
with a piece of the above which was in bloom tliere.
It was only a small piece, but the spike consisted of
seven magnificent blooms. Many other interesting
species of Orchids were in bloom in their Vanda-
house, but all others seemed poor after seeing this
one. 0. T. C.

DENDEOBIrM ClELOGYKE.

This is an uncommon and interesting species, and
was discovered many years ago in Moulmein, by the
Kev. C. S. Parish. In general ajipearance, the plant
seems to be a remarkable combination of Crologyne
and Bulbophyllum. The pseudobulbs are quadran-
gular, about 1^^ inch in lengtli, and arise from a
woody rhizome at intervals of about 3 or 4 inclies ;
they bear two leaves at tlie apex, from between
which the solitary flower is produced. It measures
3 inches in diameter, with the sepals and petals
yellowish-green, and prettily marked with purple
dots. The lip, which resembles that of some Cado-
gynes, is of a dull blackish-purple, with an orange-
coloured patcli at the base ; it is sliglitly versatile
but not so markedly as we find in some other species
of 8arcopodium,towhich sub-genus this plant belongs.
A few rhizomes were sent to Kcw three years ago
from Calcutta, and one of them is now flowering. It
thrives only when grown in a hot, moist house, and
is happiest when fastened on to a block of soft Fern
stem or Teak.

CVMDIDIUJI ELEGAKS.

A plant of this, under the more recent name of
Cyperorchis elegans, is one of tlie most interesting
of the Orchids now in flower at Kew. It is not so

attractive as some other species, of which C. ebur-
neum is perhaps the handsomest, but it possesses
characters which are exceptional both as regards the
form of the inflorescence and the time of flowering.
The leaves are ensiform, and the entire plant is very
similar to C. Mastersi. The flower-spike is pro-
duced from the base of the mature growth, and is
about n inches long, the upper half curving over, so
that the flowers point downwards. This character
suggests tne genus Geodorum, to which Cyperorchis
is closely related. There are about a dozen flowers
on the spike ; they are arranged closely, and each one
is about 2 inches long; the sepals and petals are
similar in form and length, and are arranged in the
form of a tube, suggesting a Lily rather than an
Orchid. In colour they are pale yellow, with a few
blood-red spots on the inside of the labellum. W. B.

CVPEIPEDIOM TauTZIANUM X .

This hybrid form has quite recently flowered for
the first time in Messrs. Veitch's nursery. King's
Iload, Chelsea. It is a cross between C. barbatum
and C. niveum. The form of the flowers, as the
foliage, indicates the parentage. The colour is more
that of C. barbatum. The sepals and petals, as well
as the slipper portion of the flowers, are suffused witli
jnirple. The dorsal sepals are greenish in the centre.
Every collection of Cypripediums should contain
this distinct and interesting species, but as garden
flowers I should certainly prefer good forms of either
of the parents. J. D.

JIe. CnAMnEELAIN's Oechids.
The Highbury collection of Orchids is just now
rich in blooming plants, and the flowering specimens
are just now collected and tastefully arranged in one
house, with Ferns and masses of the charming drooping
Panicum variegatum. The collection throughout is
in admirable health, and Mr. Cooper has the plants
well in hand. Amongst those now in bloom are
several plants of Oncidinm aurosum, 0. ornytho-
rhyncum, and O. verrucosum Rogersii ; Pilumna
fragrans, numerous species and varieties of Cypri-
pedium, Cattleya aurea, very fine ; C. Gaskelliana,
C. marginata, C. Eldorado, C. exoniensisx, and C.
Harrisoni, and some La3lia3. R. I>.

GARDENING AT GUNNEESBURY
rARK.

BotrvAEDiAs. — If any one should desire an oppor-
tunity of witnessing how valuable Bouvardias are as
autumn and winter flowering plants, they should pay
a visit to Gunnersbury Park, Ealing, and see what is
provided on the centre stage of one of the plant-
iiouses. There are 300 plants in 24-sized pots. The
varieties are, Dazzler, the very best red : bright
crimson in colour, and very free ; "Vreelandi, single
white; Alfred Neuner, double white; and President
Garfield, double pink. The plants are naturally
grown, without any training ; they have several
leading shoots, and average 4 feet in height ; they
are literally laden with trusses of flower, and for
cutting from at this season of the year they are
invaluable, and give a great supply. These plants
were raised from cuttings struck in the spring,
aud as soon as they had made their second and third
leaves the leader was pinched out, which caused
them to break. They were shifted into 60-sized
pots, and the shoots pegged down to the soil ; this
caused them to send up strong shoots from the
centre, and as soon as they were a foot in height the
tops were pinched out, and they in their turn broke
freely. They were being shifted during the process
into 48's, 32's, and 24's, into a compost made up of
one part loam and leaf-mould, and the other part
of the Fertilising Moss sold by various horticul-
tural sundriesmen. Of this [material Mr. Roberts
has a very high opinion. It makes the soil
spongy, and the plants grow fj-eely in it. The
Fertilising Moss is lighter tlian fibre, but it hardens
in the soil as the plants make gi'owth, and becomes
quite firm.

588

THE GABDENEBS' CIIBONICLE.

[No\E5IBER 12, 1887.

Two very fine specimens of the free-blooming
Cypripedium Sedeni X are now flowering freely. One
has ten, the otiier seventeen flower-stems, and there
are several blooms on some of them. It may be
said to be always in flower.

Among the Tree Carnations now flowering is one
named Brunette, a deep crimson self form of excel-
lent cliaracter and very free. One flowering stem
has put forth a bloom that, with tlie exception of a
few slight bars of red (and they are almost indistin-
guishable), is pure white. The white sport is not a
solitary flower on a stem by itself, but is produced
on one that has crimson flowers also. Is not this
unusual ? Mr. Dodwell states that no sportive-
nesa on the part of the Carnation surprises him,
though it is rare for a highly coloured flower to turn
white.

In one of the small span-roofed stoves there is a
plant of Allamanda planted out in a little pit
about 2 feet square, trained to the roof, and covering
a space of about 27 feet by 6 feet. The crop of
flowers it has produced is something marvellous.
Up to October 21 as many as 507 dozen, or C084
blooms, had been gathered from it. When I saw it
on the above date there were fully 200 expanded
flowers on it, and there have been as many as 800 to
900 on at once, and not a few of them measured
6 inches across.

But little shade has been given to the plant
— not more than half-an-hour on the hottest
day. The roots .are confined to the pit, for I
was told they could not possibly get out of it ; and
it is a matter for notice how freely the flowers are
produced all over the surface of the plant. It is
re.ally a great sight, and serves to illustrate the care
and attention bestowed upon it by Mr. Eoberts.
E. D.

Foreign Correspondence.

THE "TLORA EXOTICA," Etc.

I HEAD with much interest the communication
about this book of drawings of flowers in the
Gardeners' Chronicle of November 5 last. I was
acquainted with its existence, as one of my
friends had written to me about it, but he gives
the name of the gentleman for whom it was pre-
pared as Count Dernatt, of Syrhagen ; while in the
Gardeners' Chronicle the name is given as Count
Klevenfeld. I suppose, however, that the same book
is rae.ant. Where did this Count Klevenfeld or
Count Dernatt live ? and are there any particulars
known about his garden ? As for the origin of the
plants figured, as far as the names are given in the
report in your issue of November 5, I shall try to
give some hints, at least for the Tulips.

The Tulips are doubtless all of Dutch origin; at
least, all of those named were found at the time in
Dutch collections. I conclude this is so from a cata-
logue of Tulips of 1733 of tliose in flower in
the gardens at Carlsruhe and Basle, of the
Markgrtive of Baden-Durlash. This Prince, as is
reported, visited more than once the gardens of
Haarlem, to select rare Tulips and other bulbs ; and
sent his gardeners regularly to Holland for the
same purpose. To the above-mentioned catalogue
is annexed a list of the florists who named the
Tulips, and from whom they were received. The
six sorts named at p. 557 of the Gardcncs' Chronicle
are every one of them found in this list, with the
annexed origin, viz. ; —

Bybloemen Archeveque de Canterbury. — There are
two varieties of that name, one from Dirk Voorhelm
and one from Nicolaas Huyn, ofwhich the last is
the best. Baguette iEsculapius came from Klaas
Kampen.

As for the bizares — Bellissimo came from
Nicolaas Huyn ; Detlaan, from Dirk Voorhelm ;
Admiral de Moor comes from Cardoes ; Ambasadeur
Royal from Nicolaas Huyn. These were all double
flowers, as far as I know. I sirppose that the
other Tulips of Count Klevenfeld's collection will
also be found in the catalogue of the Markgrave

of Baden-Durlash, whosej collection of Tulips was
composed of 3250 of the best varieties.*

There is another catalogue of Tulips, which might
have been had from the garden of the Prince of
Baden-Durlash, in 1740, by applying to tlie inspector
of the garden, Mr. Andreas George Schwerin. In
tliis catalogue are found the above-named varieties,
with the annexed prices : — Baguette iEsculapius, 1
florin (l5. 8rf.) ; bybloemen Archevtique de Canter-
bury, 20 kreutzer (about 7'^.) ; the best Archeveque
de Canterbury, 30 kreutzer (lOrf.) ; bizarre Bel-
lissimo, 10 kreutzer (about 3W.) ; De Haan, 10
kreutzer ; Admiral de Moor, 4 kreutzer (about 1 W.) ;
Ambassadeur Royal, 4 kreutzer. t

Among the Haarlem Tulip-growers from whom
these varieties came is one named Dirk Voorhelm.
He was one of the flrst tradesmen in Tulips of the
time. In Heinrich Hesse, Deutschcr Gartner (Leipsic,
1710), it is reported that in those times there were
many Tulip growers in and near Haarlem, who sold
their seedlings to Dirk Jansz Voorhelm. There was,
among others, a tailor at Haarlem, who had a garden
at the top of his house, where he grew Tulips from
seed and sold them to Voorhelm for thirty guilders.
Some of these gi'owers received one thousand
guilders a year from that florist for their Tulips, and
where such prices were paid, it is no wonder that
there were many such amateur growers. Voor-
helm, after having obtained the seedlings, named
them, and offered them in his catalogue sometimes
at a hundred guilders a-piece. The Tulips of these
times at Haarlem are for a great part other varieties
than those of the time of the Tulip mania (1G34), and
again different from those imported into Flanders,
and at a later period those of English origin.

I suppose that the other flowers of the Flora
Exotica, such as Hyacinths, Fritillarias, Auriculas,
Anemones, Ranunculus, Carnations, and Picotees,
are of Dutch origin. Some of the names are Dutch,
others German. Probably Count Klevenfeld was
a German, and the bulbous plants in German
gardens then came usually from Holland. It is,
however, difficult to find information about these
genera, as the literature of the time is not so com-
plete as in the case of Tulips. Perhaps a complete
list of the plants figured in the Flora Exotica might
render further researches possible. J. H. Krelage,
Haarlem,

The Bulb Garden.

AUTUJIN CROCI.
We had some very cold weather during
October this year : frequent sharp frosts, some-
times accompanied with high winds, made havoc
amongst the late autumn flowers, but a few of
the dwarf-growing hardy things stand up bravely
against the cold biting blast — amongst other things
the Cyclamens and Croci are very prominent. I gave
the names of some of the most beautiful free-growing
species at p. 432 ; since that time a few more have
opened their blossoms. I stated that the white form
of C. pulchellus was pushing through the ground ;
the flowers have now opened, and they are most
lovely — the white pure and glistening, with only a
stain of orange at the base of the flowers. C. medius
is now very beautiful ; it grows and flowers very
freely with us ; the flowers open a pleasing lilac-
purple colour, with deeper coloured lines ; the
feathered scarlet stigma is very prominent in this
species, as it is in C. sativus. The distinct looking
C. asturicus is in flower with it ; the flowers are of
small size, and of a pale purple colour. C. hadri-
aticus is the latest to flower of the above, and very
beautiful it is — pure white internally, with a deep
yellow base, tlie outer surface streaked with a purple
feather. Mr. Maw states that this species is closely
allied to C. sativus, and can detect no satisfactory

* Index Ptaniarnm Hori Carolsrithani tripartitus (1733),
p. 89.

t This catalogue is found in a little book written by Bene-
mann, of Dresden —ZJte Tulpe znm Itiihm ihres ^zkopfftrt
Drarlen md Leipzig, 1741, pp. 128—176.

difference between them, except in the colour of the
flowers. Besides the Croci, we have flowering at the
present time the

Haedy Ctclasiens.

Tliese are even more satisfactory than the Croci,
or were until October 26, when 10° of frost
rather roughly touched the delicate blossoms. It was
rather a trial of endurance between them and the
Croci, and the species of the latter named above
passed through the ordeal with least injury. I had
a short conversation with the Rev. W. Wilks about
the severe trial hardy flowers had to endure
during the month of October from frosts, and he
mentioned the hardy Cyclamens as being the most
satisfactory plants in his garden, the best being C.
hederajfolium. This has beautifully marbled foliage
and pretty rose-coloured flowers.

We have beautiful clumps in the rock garden of
C. europeum and tlie white variety of it, and they
are very beautiful mingled together. These have
distinctly marked foliage also. Mr. Wilks told me
that they seeded freely with him, and the young
seedling plants came up abundantly round the parents
from self-sown seeds. His plants are grown under
an Apple tree which has been planted on a raised
bank, consequently the ground would always be com-
paratively dry. The soil where our plants are grown
is rather wet and heavy, so that if seeds are pro-
duced freely they do not vegetate of their own
accord. J. Douglas.

Roses.

THE HARDINESS OF TEA ROSES.
Theke is no wonder, considering the great beauty
and persistent blooming of this class of Roses, that
anything bearing on their more extended cultivation
should be of interest, and no part in connection
with it is of more importance than their hardiness.
Formerly they were considered so excessively tender
that even in the southern parts of the kingdom it
was no infrequent thing to find directions given as
to taking them up in the autumn, and protecting
them during the winter months ; this probably arose
from two causes. Many of the older varieties were of
delicate growth, and consequently disappointed those
who grew them, by rather abruptly terminating their
brief existence, or else by dwindling away, miserable
specimens of a misspent life. This was probably
caused by the use of the Noisette stock, for when
the ease with which it was propagated, and the
speed with which plants were made, came to be
recognised, the question was asked. If good for
H.P.'s why not for Teas ? And so large quantities
of pknts budded on the Manetti were inhibited. The
advent of the seedling Brier and of a more robust
race of Teas altered all this. Such kinds as
Marie Van Houtte, Mdme. Lambard, also Olbivier,
Catherine Mermet, and Jean Ducher— which are
amongst the cream of their class— are quite as hardy
as many hybrid perpetuals ; while the more moderate
vigour of the Brier and Brier cutting leaves the Rose
freer play, and not killing it with kindness in the way
of over-feeding has completely altered this. When
I wrote lately of the greater difficulty of growing
Teas in the north, I wrote from personal knowledge,
and was therefore agreeably surprised to find that a
correspondent in the neighbourhood of Darlington
should have brought forward the facts contained in
his letter; but 1 am none the less pleased to find that
I was inaccurately informed. I know that my friend,
Mr. E. R. Whitwell, who hails from the same neigh-
bourhood, always felt that he was handicapped in
the matter of Tea Roses, as the only reliable blooms
he could get were from a small house that he had,
and I should have imagined that the less degree of
heat and light in that neighbourhood would have
surely militated against the ripening of the shoots — a
point which so much conduces to the proper develop-
ment of the flowers ; this section grows and blooms
so much later than most of the perpetuals, that I

NorajiBEE 12, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

589

should have thought that the experience of the diffi-
culty would have been pretty general throughout the
North.

When writing of the North, I do not include
•' Caledonia, stern and wild,' for I have known, from
long acquaintance with many parts of it, tliat as far
as the severity of the winter is concerned, we are
much worse off in the northern and midland parts
of England ; indeed. I am not quite sure whether I
might not add the South as well, for in the south-
western part of Scotland — Wigtonshire, &c, : — things
will flourish and stand the winter without protection,
which would utterly succumb here, in Kent. At Inch
Castle (the Earl of Stair's) not only do many of
the more tender Conifer:i3 flourish, but the Himalayan
llhododendrons are in full vigour without any pro-
tection whatever ; and have I not a fair correspond-
ent at Forres, from the eastern side of Scotland,
who has more than once sent me from thence, at
Christmas time, a bunch of Koses, both hybrids and
Teas, gathered from the open, with a gentle
but somewhat triumphant enquiry, whether we
can beat that in the Garden of England ?
I allude to this because I have, in conse-
quence of my former comments on the Rose
season of 1887, received not only a letter bearing out
my statement, from Messrs. Cocker & Son, of Aber-
deen, but also half-a-dozen plants of Tea Roses, to
bear out their statement, that they are as easily
grown there as hybrid perpetuals. As I said, I never
intended the statement to include Scotland; but I
must also state thet I was quite surprised at the
thoroughly well ripened and sturdy wood these Teas
displayed, showing that my contention with regard
to the general hardiness of Tea Roses was correct.
That they do well so far north as Aberdeen is con-
firmed by the fact that this firm grows already
10,000 in the open, and that the demand is so
great that they intend to double their growth this

In connection with this subject, I think that great
care should be exercised in admitting Tea Roses into
the category of exhibition Roses. No beauty of
colouring or symmetry of form should be sufficient
to "pass" a "moderate" grower; for this term
usually means that they have a delicate constitution ;
and we now have so many really beautiful Roses in
this class that there is no excuse for sanctioning indif-
ferent growers. There are a few of the older varieties
which are counted moderate growers with which we
can hardly dispense, but that is a different matter
to admitting new Roses of the same character.
Wild Rose.

THE NOMENCLATURE OF
FUNGI.

In Mr. Plo^vright's instructive and readable report
of the Paris fungus meeting, p. 564, he says he was
" exceedingly pleased to see " Russula delica, Fr.,
" because it is the Lactarius vellereus var. exsuccus,
Smith, which we so commonly meet with." If Mr.
Plowright will refer to any handbook of fungi he will
see that I was not, as he supposes, the godfather of
the variety exsuccus ; but that, on the other hand,
I showed the so-called variety was a true species,
and this view has been adopted by Mr. Stevenson.

As for Lactarius exsuccus being no other than
the old and familiar L. delica, I have no hesitation
in saying that the French gentlemen who enter-
tained Mr. Plowright were entirely mistaken. I
have too much respect for the immortal memory of
the grand old teacher, Fries, to suppose that he had
L. exsuccus in view when he wrote his unmistakable
description of L. delica. Fries in his latest work
compares and distinguishes L. exsuccus and L.
delica. Mr. Plowright's proposition, under these
species, is self evident, although he might " go
further and fare worse," where he writes, "it is very
satisfactory to correct one's errors, even if you have
to go so far as Paris to do so." My idea is, that
England is a good place for correcting errors and
pricking mycological gas bladders.

Last year, Prof. J. W. H. Trail, of Aberdeen, pub-

lislied a valuable Bevishm of the Scotfish Pcrono-
sporea. In this, under the genus Pythium, he says
that P. de Baryanum and P. Equiseti are the same,
and that P. Equiseti " has been recorded from
England, by Mr. W. G. Smith, irom Potato plants."
In reply to this, I say that I have never recorded
either of the above species of Pythium from Potato
plants, and I do not believe the two species to be the
same with each other. If Prof. Trail will refer to
the original reports, he will see that Sadebeck was
unable to transfer his Potato Pythium to Equisetum,
and he ultimately believed the two fungi to be dis-
tinct. If some authority (unknown to me) has now
said for me, that ray oospores of Peronospora infes-
tans belong to Pythium de Baryanum, then I say I
am very glad to liear it. as it makes the eighth wrong
shot by the said authorities. The seven bad shots
already known to me are, 1, Pythium Equiseti;
2. P. incertum ; 3. P. proliferum ; 4. P. vexans ;
5, P. micranthum ; G. P. megalacanthum ; 7. Myzo-
cytium. The three last dubiously.

My oospores of Peronospora infestans do not
agree with any of the above, as anyone may see who
examines actual material or the slides. One or more

of the latter may be seen in the British Museum, South
Kensington.

I will not waste space by now referring to more
than one other fact. Mr. Plowright, when at Paris
(p. 565), was shown a parasitic fungus on Wheat called
Dilophospora gramini (classical scholars, what
does the generic name mean?). [Double-crested,
in allusion to the spores ?] He had previously
seen this parasite on Alopecurus and Phalaris, but
he adds, "we have never in England been troubled
with it as a parasite on Wheat." Now this state-
ment shows that Mr. Plowright is not a good student
of the Gardeners' Chronicle. For references to this
fungus on Wheat see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1871,
p. 877; 1871, p. 1014; Aug. 6, 1887, p. 170, &c.
Whilst studying the effect of non-existent Barberry
bushes and existent dunghills in the propagation of
corn mildew in this district, I have often seen the
Dilophospora destroying Wheat. I engraved it long
ago, and I now exhume the block from a large box
full of unused engravings of a similar class, which
will all probably be sold for old wood by my executors.
The figure on the left at a, shows the spike of Wheat
as destroyed by the fungus ; b, shows a section
through the diseased part twice the size of Nature, in
which all the parts of the spike are involved
in one mycelioid mass ; c, shows a section through
the bark or rind of this fungus growth enlarged
thirty diameters. Underneath the rind, the substance

. of the fungus is thickly packed with minute embed-
ded bladders full of spores. The spores themselves
are extremely small, and when enlarged 1000
diameters, are seen as at d. The spores are colour-
less, and very curious, both ends being furnished
with an appendage after the style of a pappus. The
first illustrations of these spores, as made by Des-
mazieres, Ann. Sc. Nat., (1840), xiv., t. 1, sect. 2, are
remarkable from their extreme badness ; they are
reproduced in Cooke's Handboolc, vol. ii., p. 436,
Worthington G. Smith, Dunstable,

THE APPLE TRADE.

We learn from the current number of the ^in^n'mii
Agriculturist that the exportations of Apples from
the United States has during recent years assumed
enormous proportions.

Many years ago, one Buchanan, a Scotchman,
went to the States, and a few years later, with
characteristic national foresight, he devised the
plan of sending American Apples to Europe. In
1845 he dispatched five barrels from Boston to
Glasgow.

The venture paid, and he repeated it, until he had
an established trade. The steamships then were only
half the capacity of those in our day, and took twice as
many days to make the passage. The Apple export
began from Boston ; now the export is mainly from
Boston and New York, the two cities doing five-
sixths of all this business.

In the export of dried Apples Baltimore is
far ahead of Boston, while New York, as is
natural, leads the record, and almost monopolises
the business. The dimensions of this export trade
in Apples are, in these days, imposing and grand,
and Glasgow has yielded to Liverpool as the port of
entry into the United Kingdom. The five barrels of
1&45 have grown to more than 700,000 in 1885-6,
and Canada has entered the field as a competitor.
The receipt of Apples at Liverpool for a few years
are given.

United
States.

Canada.

Total.

1876-7

1880-1

1885-6

For ten years

248,942 29,598

699,102 161,333

489,770 108,114

2,757,457 721,813

278,540

860,4.35

697,884

3,479.270

This is a part only of the exportation. The totals
for the United States alone, for the last two fiscal
years, are as follows ; —

Apples, in barrels. ^'alue.

1834-5 668,867 ... 1,572,120 dol.

18856 744,539 ... 1,810,698 „

Dried Apples, pounds.
... 18,410,.".73
... 10,473.183

Value.

1,062,859 dol.

648,434 „

The value of canned fruits exported in the first-
named years was 473,944 dol. ; in the second,
580,422 dol. Now, to where did this fruit go? To
what eager appetites in other climes did the American
farmers minister? Of the Apples exported in the
two years, 1,288,568 barrels were landed in England ;
the Dominion of Canada took 32,000 ; Germany,
18,000 ; British possessions in Australasia, 22,901 ;
Cuba, 10,000; Hawaiian Islands, 4500; Mexico,
6700 ; they went, indeed, to every part of the known
world.

Out of seventy-four foreign countries to which
the United States exported directly in 1886, fifty-
nine partook of the American fruit. The canned
fruit went to sixty-two countries, the dried Apples
to thirty-two. This is a wide and generous dis-
tribution, and it is anticipated to make it wider
and larger.

The market for American dried Apples in the two
years was— in Germany, 11,000,000 lb. ; Belgium
and France, 2,500,000 lb. each; Netherlands,
8,500.000 lb. ; Australasia, 1,500,000 lb. The value
of the canned fruit exported in the two years was a
little more than 1,000,000 dol. Of this Great Britain

590

TEE GARDENEJRS' CHBONICLE.

[NOVEMDKR 12, 1887,

and Caimila took more tlian half; China had'
16,600 dol. worth ; Australasia, 214,582 ; Colombia,
19,869 dol, ; and the Hawaiian Islands, Se.SOB. dol.

The total value of the exportation of the orchard
produce for each of the last two years is about
3.000,000 dol., or one-seventeenth the value of the
full crop. The cereal harvest of the United States is
valued at from two to three throusand million dollars.
The total value of the export of breadstufls and grains
for the last fiscal year to all countries was
125,846,558 dol., a sum which bears about the same
])roportion to the total value of the cereals that the
ivuit export does to the total value of the fruit crop.
The importance of the fruit harvest and fruit culture
is at pace enhanced by this consideration. J. J. Wills.

FLORISTS" Flowers.

THE CINERARIA.

Amonost flowers for the greenhouse or conserva-
tory that have maintained their popularity for fifty
years may be named the Cineraria. At that time
the garden varieties were scarcely an improvement
on C. cruenta. Those who can refer to the Flori-
ai/tural Cahinct for May, 1840, will there find one
named splendens, figured in colours. Comparing
such a variety as that with its narrow petals and bad
habit of plant, with the flowers of the present day,
one cannot but wonder at the work of tlie florist,
which has been continuously carried on with a de-
finite end in view. AVe have learned much in cul-
tural details during those years, but the great pro-
gress that has been made during the last decade
forbids us to suppose that improvement has reached
a point at which a forward movement is impossible,
or that plants cannot be grown better in the
future tlian they have been in the past. AVe
have the Cineraria in flower now in our garden,
in a few isolated specimens ; others are coming
in, and a gorgeous display is made until the
end of April. We have entirely finished re-
potting the plants, all of them are now in the
puts in which they will flower ; 6, 7, 8, and
9-inch pots are the sizes we use. The plants
require considerable space to develope the leaves
well, and as the plants grow the stems must
b3 tied out carefully to form handsome specimens.
The plants cannot stand any frost on the leaves,
hence the heated pit or house where they are grow-
ing, should be kept at an equable temperature, not
much under 40*^ in frosty weather — artificial heat to
be avoided altogether, unless it is absolutely neces-
sary. Mildew is troublesome at this season, and
greenfly had better be kept out of the house alto-
g.'ther bv regular fumigations at intervals of six
w^eks. The mildew can very readily be destroyed
by dusting with flowers of sulphur. Like the Calceo-
liria, the Cineraria must not be allowed to become
very dry at the roots. AVeak manure- water is useful
when the pots are full of roots. Seedlings are
generally grown, but most of our plants are from
offsets, or divisions of the old plants. AA'hen a really
good variety in formation of flower or habit of plant
is obtained, it can only be preserved by jiropagation ;
it cannot be reproduced fiom seeds, but seeds ought
to be saved from such, as in that way only can im-
provement be made. It is not so easy as some per-
sons may le inclined to believe, to raise improved
forms of this plant. On the other hand every grower
should try lo do the bestiie can with his plants, not
only by cultivating them well, but in raising seedlings
from selected varieties.

The Pelahgonium.

If these gorgeous early summer flowering plants
are not so i)0|)ular (as market plants) as they
once were, there are few gardens without them,
and in many they are special favourites. The large-
flowering show varieties are much more handy than
the fancies, and do not require a high temperature
at this season. They are now in the jieriod of
comparative rest, and all good specimens should be
close to the roof and receive but little water at the

roots. The more light they receive during November
and December the better ; but as, under the most
favourable conditions, that will be very limited, the
plants should remain at rest. Those that were not
jilaced into the pots in which they are to flower, had
better not be repotted until January. Between now
and then the shoots of specimen plants ought to be tied
out by fixing a wire under the rims of the pots, and
carefully tying out the growths to it. AA''e never use
artificial heat except so much as may be required to
exclude frost. Seedlings ought to be flowered in
5 or 6-inch pots ; they do not need much space, as
the object is merely to ascertain which of them are
worth growing again. The small flowered or fancy
varieties, as far as the general cultural details go,
are treated similarly to the others. The only dif-
ference I make as regards this class is in the potting
soil, which ought to be rather lighter. The addition
of a little sandy peat is useful. The plants also
seem to like a rather higher temperature than the
others, plenty of air and light being indispensable.
J. Douglas.

A New Chbysanthkmom Spoht.
Tivo years or so ago the well-known incurved
Chrysanthemum, PrincessTeck, sported, in the hands
of ilr. E. Mizeu, Mitcham, to a golden form, which
was named Mrs. Norman Davis, and duly Certifi-
cated, and by way of illustrating tlie wonderful
sportiveness of the Chrysanthemum, and more espe-
cially the incurved section, Mrs. Norman Davis has,
in its turn, and also with Mr. E. Mizen, sported to a
bronzy-orange form, which promises to be as good as
either of the two former. In the list of incurved
Chrysanthemums given in the catalogue of the
National Chrysanthemum Society, issued this year,
can be found as many as twenty-five sports, and since
the list was published another half-dozen or so have
been recorded. Of late years more new forms have
been obtained from sports than by raising seedlings.
The difficulty experienced in fertilising the flower
appears to operate in the direction of the scant pro-
duction of new seedling incurved Chrysanthemums.
;,'. D.

Colonial Notes,

themselves somewhat above the surface of the water.
An improvement was evident in a single week's
time, and now they are in luxuriant health and
growing freely.

It would appear that cultivators often make mis-
takes in attributing to organs different uses to what
they are evidently intended to serve. Here in Pon-
tederia the inflation of the petiole would lead one to
suppose that it was intended for the purpose of sup-
porting the plant upon the water. 1 must confess I
made that mistake myself, for it is, from the expe-
rience here related, evidently a mistake. Shall we
again surmise what it is for before we have tested
the matter ? Better not, some will say ; but I think
we may, at least, venture to say that the inflated
leaf-stalk is probably (mark the non-committal form
of writing) useful to preserve the plant in c.ise of
floods, the plant being impatient of water overhead,
although growing itself in the water. In case of
floods visiting its natural habitat the inflated petioles
would enable the plant to float upon the waters
until they subsided, and possibly enable it, when
detached by the waters from its original resting-
)ilace, to provide for itself " fresh flelds and pastures
new." Before I conclude, permit me to mention that
exactly tlie same conditions of health have been
observed in the Pistia stratiotes, and arising from
the same cause. J. H. Hart, F.L.K., Superintendent
Botanical Department, Trinidad, W.I.
South Australia.

The Jubilee year of the colony of South Australia
was in 1886. It is a startling fact to reflect that one
of our foremost colonies coincides in duration only
with tliat of Iler Majesty's reign. AVhat a climate
they have to contend with in Adelaide is shown by
the fact that in 1880 they had in that city only 14-2
inches of rain distributed over 141 days. In Janu-
ary, 1886, the highest temperature in the sun was
174°, and in the shade 1124°. In May, June, and
July slight frosts occurred, which injured tlie tropical
plants considerably. Dr. Schomburgh adds to his
annual report an appendix containing the history of
the establishment and progress of the Botanical
Ciarden, and modestly alludes to the valuable work
done by himself, not only in the garden itself, but in
the way of the introduction and diffusion of plants
suited for cultivation in the peculiar climate of the
colon V.

TRINIDAD.

Fonlcderia a;urea. — This pretty water plant, appa-
rently easy enough to grow in one place, totally tails
in another. It was introduced, in 1884, to Jamaica by
Mr. Morris, and, after a short struggle for existence,
soon disappeared. On visiting a small garden shortly
after my arrival in this island, however, I was surprised
to flnd a small unused fountain quite full of this
beautiful plant in luxuriant health and in full bloom ;
so luxuriant were the plants that they entirely filled
the small basin in which they were growing and
were seemingly elbowing one another for room to grow.
Having no plants in the Botanic Gardens I asked for
and was presented with a dozen of the strongest
])Iants, These were placed in shallow fountains in
dift'ereut parts of our establishment. They were
carefully and anxiously watched for some weeks, and
were found, instead of increasing in size, to he
growing " small by degi'ees and beautifully less."
Still they were watched with the hopes that they
would take a turn for the better ; but no improve-
ment took place, and they began to disappear one by
one until only six were left. I returned to my
friend's garden shortly afterwards, with a view of
ascertaining if possible the cause of failure. Ex-
amining his plants closely, I found they were some
way from the water, not resting upon it, and that
below the numerous roots were luxuriating in rich
black mud, nearly a foot in depth. In fact, I found
out, or believed I had found out, that my own plants
had died of starvation pure and simple. On reaching
home I immediately had large pots prepared, filled
half full with rich black mould. These I placed in
the fountain, but elevated their rims some 3 or
4 inches above water. The plants were then placed
in the pots, and so close together as to maintain

The Apiary.

OLD-FASIIIOXED BEE-KEEPING.
As there seems to be a slight misunderstanding
with regard to the article on the above subject,
which appeared on October 1.5, we will endeavour to
express the same opinions in a little clearer lan-
guage. Both "North Norfolk" and "Amateur
Apiarist " refer to the old queen going out with the
first swarm. There is not the slightest occasion to
doubt this. The old queen invariably accompanies
tlie first swarm, and we have never denied it. But
the bees will never allow a queen to get beyond her
duties, nor will they tolerate her existence when she
is no longer able to perform them. AVhen the queen
gets too old the bees supersede her in their own
way. Tlie gentleman I referred to (I find on in-
quiry) has kept bees for fifty years, and has followed
the plan I mentioned during that time. Is it to be
supposed that the queen which led out the swarm in
1837 led one out also in 1887? It is well known
that queens live naturally for about five years, but
they are not supposed to be of much use after the
third year. Though we keep apace with the modern
system ourselves, and read everything we can get
hold of, both new and old, respecting bees, we do not
doubt that there is too much re-queening business
done in our days. Now there is a danger of carrying
the modern system too far, and thus desti-oying
benefits which might otherwise ensue. AA'ho can
doubt the ability of our late friend, Mr. Pettigrew ?
He always had plenty of honey and bees, and yet in
his handy-book, which recorded the experience of a
lifetime, he talks about bees preparing for the

November 12, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEES' CHEONIGLE.

591

queen's demise. We have frequently read of bees
building queen-cells and then not swarming. There
may be several reasons for this. One, no doul)t, is
that the bees may have made up their minds to
swarm, but that, bad weather intervening, tliey have
altered tht^ir minds, and toi-n the queen-cells down.
We very much doubt if this is always the case. In
many instances this is done' merely to supersede a
reigning queen, and in the case of skeps it frequently
happens that a hive is re-queened unknown to the
beekeeper. Only this year I read of a bar-framist
who found several queen-cells on the combs, and l:e
let them remain. But the bees did not swarm nor
stop work. Now it is well known bees hang about,
and do nothing, if they are going to swarm, and we
infer in this case that the queen was simply super-
seded.

In the article of October 29, the word " light," in
brackets, ought to be " tight ;" thus, it ought to
read (" not a tight-fitting one "), &c. Walter Chitti/,
Pewsei/.

The Orchid Houses.

General Treatment. — As during the next three
months the temperature outside will be at its lowest,
and the amount of sunlight very small in this
country, high temperature iu the houses must be
avoided as much as possible during the hours of
darkness, else Orchids which should now be at rest
will be started into growth, and others now growing
somewhat will become weak and drawn. The spikes
or opening flowers on any plants will come much
finer if the temperatures at night and during dull
weather be kept within bounds, but allowing a con-
siderable rise on briglit days. By carefully balancing
the moisture in the air of the houses while the tem-
perature fluctuates considerably, the plants will be
greatly assisted in passing through the winter with
but small injury. Unless the temperature can be
kept at a suitable height, no set time can be stated
when damping down can be performed, but the con-
dition of the atmosphere in the dilferent houses must
be taken as the guide in this matter. In houses
where high temperatures are kept up, as in the East
India-house, damping floors, &c., may be done at
10 o'clock at night, or at daybreak, and if
the temperature should be several degrees below
the mark, moisture may be withheld until it
rises. A moderate amount of ventilation is neces-
sary for all species of Orchids at all seasons,
and even such of these as receive no supplies of
fresh air through the ventilators, there are always
crevices round doors and ventilators where air finds
continual ingress, and the colder the weather the
greater is the quantity of air passing in and out.

Resting the Plants. — We often speak of the resting
of Orchids, but there are few that can be said to rest
entirely. Some beginners in the culture of Orchids are
very likely to pay too much attention to the giving of
rest than to the wants of the plants in their growing
seasons ; while others who profess to know very little
about Orchids and treat them in a common-sense
way, gently growing them at all times, without
forcing them by extremes of heat and moisture,
keep the m.ijority of their Orchids in sound health.

Many of the Pleiones are swelling the new growth
before their leaves have fallen ; and most of the
Dendrobiums are active at the roots, and continue to
swell their pseudobulbs until the flower-buds begin
to form. In these there is no thorough resting of the
plants. In the Cattleya-house it is necessary to
maintain a genial growing temperature at all seasons,
or when such species as C. Trianre, C. Mendelii, and C.
Jlossiis appear to have finished their growths — which
is shown by the casing that surrounds the pseudobulb
appearing dry and like paper, under proper condi-
tions— the roots are still active, and the pseudobulbs
continue to swell until the enveloping sheath bursts.
Then, again, other species have a way of flowering
before the pseudobulb has quite finished its growth ;
a few of such are C. Gaskelliana, C. gigas, &e.
In such cases maturation goes on within the pseudo-
bulbs long after the flowers have faded, and the
treatment should not difl'er from that pursued with
others. It is fortunate for Orchid growers that Catt-
leyas and Loelias require little variation in the treat-
ment of the various species other than what can be
accomplished by judicious watering, and this pro-
perly enables us to keep in one house species that
start into growth at dift'erent seasons.

n'atcriiuj, ijc. — Now that rainy weather is upon us
it is well to keep a sharp look-out for drip in the
houses, and the centre gi'owths of Aerides, Sacco-
labiums, &c., should be frequently examined for
traces of water. A sponge attached to a rod will be
f(-)und useful in removing drops of water that hang
about the top ventilators, and if this be attended to
morning and evening very little moisture will drop
on the ])Iants. In watering plants on wide stages on
which stand plants of Lmlia crispa and L. purpurata
water should not be allowed to drop from the outside
of the water-pot ; and to prevent this we never dip
the small can into the tank, but fill it from the spout
of a large one. C. Woolfonl, Downside, Zratlicr/iead.

Plants and Their Culture.

The Warm Conservatory. — Although this struc-
ture is more expensive than the cool one, the gi-eater
comfort found in it during the winter, when conser-
vatories are most frequented, compensates for this.
Where it is practicable, the best way of furnishing
this kind of house is to plant the subjects out. The
beds for the plants, properly formed, when well filled
with roots will take almost an unlimited supply of
water during the summer, when the plants are
growing; they must, however, be carefully supplied
in winter, to prevent the soil getting in an unwhole-
some condition. Cleanliness is, at all times, impor-
tant, decayed leaves and flowers should, therefore, be
removed daily, while injurious insects must be kept
in check. The difficulty in keeping permanently
planted conservatories of this kind gay with flowering
plants in winter, may be, in a great measure, met by
the introduction of suitable pot subjects, which
should be arranged in prominent positions, and in
such a way as to prevent their pots being conspicuous.
The following are desirable plants to employ iu this
way: — Begonia Moonlight, B. insignis, &c., and pro-
bably the new B. John Heale will be found useful ;
these should have a light position ; Plumbago rosea,
and P. coccinea, are likewise valuable, and last in
bloom a considerable time ; Eucharis araazonica,
Poinsettias, Euphorbia jacquinixflora, Eranthemums,
Scutellaria Mocciniana, Sericographis Ghiesbreghti-
ana, are alike invaluable, and I should judge from
our limited experience of it, that Amasonia punicea
would also prove of use. Then again, the rockery
which is at all times a pleasing feature in the con-
servatory, can be enlivened by tastefully disposing
some of the above-named ]>lauts upon it, but the
most charming winter flowering plant for this work
is undoubtedly the Calanthe. The beauty can be
imagined of such plants as C. Veitchii, C. vestita
rubra, and its variety luteo-oculata, arranged in
groups with their pots hidden, and their graceful
racemes of flowers, drooping from pockets over the
foliage of such plants as Begonias, Tradescantias,
Selaginellas, &c., or intermingled with the fronds of
slender Ferns, overshadowed with Palms. ^^''hen
Calanthes are thus used, care must be taken that the
soil about their pseudobulbs does not get wet to an
injurious extent, and damp must be kept from their
blossoms. Cypripedium insigne has also a pleasing
appearance upon grotesque rockwork. W^alls that
are trellised, packed witii peat and moss, and fur-
nished with such plants as Begonias, Pothos, Selagi-
nellas, Ferns, &c., must be sparingly syringed during
the short days, or the plants may be damaged by ex-
cessive moisture, and they should be frequently
looked over, and have their decaying foliage
removed. Thonio^ Coomher, Hcndre Gardens.

Fruits Under Glass.

FiG-iiousEs. — The trees in these structures should
be got in readiness for forcing without further delay,
beginning, as a matter of course, with the trees in
the earliest house, and finishing with those in the
latest. In pruning the trees, cut out as many of last
year's shoots as will make room for a like number of
"those of this year's growth being retained to cover
the wall or trellis at 6 inches apart, selecting, of
course, for this purpose those shoots which are best
furnished with embryo fruits. In washing the shoots
with a soft brush and soft-soap water be careful not
to injure these in doing so. The interior of the house
should be cleaned in the way recommended for Peach-
houses in the Gardeners' Chronicle of the 29th ult.,
p. 527, and the remarks there made respecting the

surface-dressing of the border are also applicable in
this case.

Pot Figs. — la many places the early crop of Figs
is secured from trees growing in pots plunged in a
bed of fermenting leaves in a forcing pit or house, in
which case the surface soil to tlie depth of 2 or 3
inches, should be removed, and be replaced with a
compost consisting of three parts good sound cal-
careous loam and one of horse-droppings prior to
plunging the jiots, wlien suflicient tepid water to
moisten the ball of earth and roots should be given
to the individual plants. Aimat anighttemjjerature
of 55°, 10° higher by day, and 10° higher by sun-
heat. Damp the trees more or less morning and after-
noon on brigiit days.

P'>t. Vines. — The early supply of Grapes is in
many places obtained from pot Vines, grown speci-
ally for that purpose, i.e., the production of early
Grapes. These should be washed and top-dressed,
and afterwards plunged in fermenting leaves as
advised for Figs in pots, tying the rods together in a
horizontal position ; this will not only allow of the
Vines being more easily and thoroughly damped
overhead with the syringe two or three times a day,
but the check given to the flow of sap will cause
them to break more regularly the entire length of
the rods than would otherwise be the case. The
Vines should be from 6 feet to 7 feet long, according
to their thickness and the size of pots in which they
are growing. The temperature recommended for
Figs will suit the pot Vines for the first few weeks'
forcing. H. W. WarJ, Lonaford Ca.s/lc.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Varieties of Apples to Plant. — In the fruit
garden proper these should be grown either as bushes
or pyramids, and the old standard varieties should
first claim attention, and new ones should be intro-
duced sparingly, till their adaptability to the soil
and climate is made evident.

Early dessert varieties, of good cropping qualities
and flavour, are : — Early Harvest, Margaret, Irish
Peach, Devonshire Quarrenden, Duchess of Olden-
burg, Ked Astrachan, King of the Pippins, Kerry
Pippin, Oslin, Worcester Pearmain.

Mid-season varieties : — Cox s Orange and Ribston
Pippin, Claygate Pearmain, Margil, Pitmaston Non-
pareil, Court of Wick, Cornish Aromatic, Hereford-
shire Pearmain, Golden Pippin, Lord Clyde, Fearn's
Pippin, and Braddick's Nonpareil.

Late varieties : — Adams' Pearmain, Aromatic
Russet, Boston Ilusset, Cockle Pippin, Court Pendu
Plat, Duke of Devonshire, Northern Spy, Old Non-
pareil, Scarlet Nonpareil, and Stunner Pippin.

Early kitchen varieties : — Lord Grosvenor, Lord
Suftield, Dutch Codlin, Stirling Castle, Jolly Beggar,
Emperor Alexander, Golden Noble, Lord Derby,
Manx Codlin, Nelson's Glory, Peasgood's Nonsuch,
Potts' Seedling, Waltham Abbey Seedling. Worms-
lev Pippin, and Yorkshire Beauty,

Mid-season varieties: — Beauty of Kent, Bedford-
shire Foundling, Blenheim Orange, Cellini, Cat's-
head, Doctor Harvey, Ecklinville Seedling, Cox's
Pomona, Duraelow's Seedling, Gloria Mundi, Kentish
Fillbasket, Gravenstein, Grenadier, Lane's Prince
Albert, Maltster, Ringer, Mere de Menage, Reinette
du Canada, Tov/er of Glamis, Winter Hawthornden,
and Yorkshire Greening.

Late varieties are; — Alfriston, Annie Elizabeth,
Betty Geeson.Calville Blanche, Lewis' Incomparable,
Hambledon Deux Ans, Wareham Russet, and Winter
Peach.

Pears should be grown on various aspects on walls,
the more hardy kinds can be grown also as pyramids,
thus saving valuable wall space for more tender and
earlier flowering varieties.

Early varieties of Pears are : — Doyenn^ d'Et^, Jar-
gonelle, Williams' Bon Chretien, Beurre de I'Assomp-
tion. Souvenir du Congres, Beurr(5 d'Amanlis, Brock-
worth Park, Fertility, and Fondante d'Automne.

Mid-season varieties : — Pitmaston Duchess, Louise
Bonne of Jersey, Beurr^ Superfin, Durondeau,
Beurre Bachelier, Beurr6 Diel, Duchesse d'Angou-
lorae, Marie Louise d'Uccle, Napoleon, Marie Louise,
Thompson's Passe Colmar, and AVinter Nelis.

Late varieties: — Bergamot d'Esperen, Beurrfi
Ranee, Easter Beurr6, General Todtleben, Josephine
de Malines, Marie Benoist, and Ne Plus Meuris.

Stewing varieties of Pears are : — Catillac, Vicar of
Winkfield, Uvedale's St. Germain, and Verulam,
E. JFard, Hctceif, BTomsgrove,

592

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[November 12, 1887.

STTBSCBIBERS TO

'T'SE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

■*- xoho experience any difficultij in obtainini/
their Copies regularly, are particularb/ requested
to communicate loith the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded uith complaint).

rr. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

Now ready, in clotb, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

'J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

J- IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is ,<^4.^0 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for Americ
PhilaJelpliia, U.S.A

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETING.
THURSDAY, I<ov. 17— Liunean Society,

I ( Sheffield

WEDNESDAY,

TSUESD-iY,
FRIDAY,

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 16

/ Putney, Twickenham, Finchley.
I and Devizes (one day) ; and Win-
!> Chester, Southend, Southgate,
\ Lincoln. Watford, and Gravesend
(, (two days).

(Birkeiihe.id, and Wirral. Ealing,
and Chelmsford (one day); Bir-
mingham, and Dartford (two
Idays) ; York (tliree days) ; and
People's Palace, London (four
days).
iChiswick, and Taunton (one day) ;
and Hull, and Bury St. Edmunds
(two days).
„ j Reading, and Chorley, and Sheffield
^1 (two days).

SALES.

( Rooms.
' Greenhouses, Pits, Plants, &c., at
I The Manor House, Highbury, bv
I Protheroe & Morris.
I Bulbs, Roses and other Plants, at
the City Auction Rooms, by Pro-
\ theroe & Morris.
/Orchids in Flower, and Imported,
at Stevens' Rooms.
5000 Lilium auratum, at Stevens"

Roses, Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Border
Plants, Dutch Bulbs, &c., at
Stevens' Rooms.

Nursery Stock, at Ponsford's Nur-
Brixton, S.W., by Protheroe

& Morrii
Lilies, Narcissi, Roses, &c., at Pro-
^ theroe Sc Morris' Rooms.
/Imported and Established Orchids,
\ from Mr. F. Sander, at Stevens'
]7''j Rooms.

I Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
\ Rooms.

{ Established Orchids, at Protheroe
\ & Morris' Rooms.
18!; Clearance of Plants, at the Actou
\ Vale Nursery, Actou, by Pro-
' tlieroe St. Morris.
Roses, Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Border
Plants, and Dutch Bulbs, at
Stevens' Rooms.
Dutcji Bulbs, at ProtIieroe& Morris'
Rooms.

The dwellers in the back streets
An Aspect of ^j overgrown London have so few
TowuGardening, ^

objects of beauty or interest in
their surroundinp;s or in their houses, that it is
pleasant to find the summer bedding plants of our
squares and parks get distributed amongst them.
But we fear few of the residents have even
the most elementary knowledge of gardening in
any form, and consequently deal with the luck-
less Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, Lobelias and the
like in a way that results in the early death of
the plants. Amongst these poor people wo do
not expect to find readers ; but missionaries and
dispensers of charity and advice who may read
our columns, would be rendering a real service

to those with whom they may come in contact
by putting them in the way of keeping the valued
window -plant in health during the fogs and
noxious vapours of a London winter. Plants, by
absorbing the unwholesome air of crowded rooms,
do something to keep such rooms in a healthier
state ; and moreover are a source of interest and
especially grateful to the ailing and those who
are always in "city pent." A correspondent
writing on this subject says : — •

" Wlien at Westminster the other day, I saw in
tlie gardens near Westminster Abbey the gardeners
lifting the bedding plants and giving them to tlie
poor people, who crowded round the enclosures and
gladly took what was given to them — zonal Pelar-
goniums, Abutilons, and such plants as were likely
to live through the winter. Seeing armfuls carried
away, I wondered what treatment was given to the
plants, and how many of them would live through
the winter. But I wondered what kind uf soil they
have to ]tot them in ; what sorts of pots, and wiiere
tlie plants are wintered. Some good light sandy
soil should, if possible, be obtained, with some clean
but not over-large pots, and some appropriate drain-
age, and then some of the stout main routs put
forth by some of the plants should be cut away,
leaving as much of the fibre as possible. The i>lauts
should be potted firmly, using the soil in such a
moist condition that water need not be required for
a week ; and then the plants placed inside the
windows of their living rooms, giving them a little
air on all favourable occasions. In this way I think
they might manage to carry their ])lant3 through
the winter successfully. But I have no doubt
that for every one that is ke])t through the winter
alive, a hundred die, and when I go to town
flower shows — such, for instance, as those held by the
Rector of Chelsea, the Vicar of St. Paul's, Onslow
Square ; and in the Dean's Yard, at Westminster — I
invariably find that the prizes are mainly given to
l>Iants that there is reason to suppose were purchased
in the spring, and were not kept through the winter
by the exhibitors.

" It is very difficult indeed to get at the poor in
order to give them some elementary instruction as
to the management of window plants. Last spring
I delivered lectures on plant-culture in crowded parts,
in two of the mission rooms at Chelsea, by invita-
tion of the Vicar of St, Paul's, Onslow Square ; and
though I had fairly good audiences, it did seem that
but few of the poorer class came to listen; and these it
is most desirable should be interested. I think that
if a leaflet could be prepared setting forth in a i)lain
and simple form a few elementary rules for plant
culture, and if these were left at the houses of the poor
by district visitors and others, a good deal of useful
practical work might be done thereby.

" Soil is a very important matter. Knowing that
one of the leading nurserymen takes a great interest in
all movements of this character in Chelsea, I ventured
to suggest that application should be made to him to
send to the various mission rooms in spring some nice
sweet and suitable compost so that the cultivators of
plants might have some proper soil in which to pot
them ; and this is also necessary at the autumn sea-
son, when there is a distribution of plants from the
London parks. I think other nurserymen would be
disposed to help in this way. I always impress upon
gardeners of this class the importance of not over-
potting, of having clean pots, of draining them pro-
perly, showing them how to supply themselves with
drainage, and cautioning them against over-watering
— a common fault, especially in autumn and winter,
when there is little activity in the plants. I found
that a small plant established in a pot afforded an
excellent means for illustrating a few points in suc-
cessful plant-culture, and it is of all things most
important that those who speak to the poor people
about plant culture who dwell in alleys and close
streets that they should treat the subject in the most
elementary manner. On the occasion of my two
lectures at Chelsea I invited questions at the close,
and though there was at first a little hesitation in
doing this, yet before I left several interesting ques-
tions were put, and some useful hints conveyed by
means of the answers.

" I think those who act as judges at these to\vn
exhibitions should endeavour to award prizes, as far
as possible, to plants that have been grown by the
exhibitors through the previous autumn and winter.
The schedule should require that information be fur-
nislied as to the time a plant has been in the posses-
sion of the exhibitor. If entries were made two

months in advance opportunity would be afforded to
district visitors and others to make inquiries, so that
the statements can be verified ; and my experience of
flower shows of this character has led me to believe
that the honour of this class of exhibitors can be
trusted as fully as that of gardeners at ducal and
other large establishments."

The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— A numer-
ously attended meeting of the committee took place
at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi Terrace, W.C., on
the 4th inst, Mr. George Deal, the Chairman of the
committee, presiding. The minutes of the previous
meeting were confirmed. Messrs. N. Sherwood, of
Messrs. Hdrst & Sons, seed merchants, 152, Hounds-
ditch, E.C., and John Lee, 78, Warwick Gardens'
Kensington, were elected as A^ice-Presidents, and
the Chairman announced that the former had given
a donation of 20 guineas, and the latter of 5 guineas
to the fund. Local hon. secretaries were appointed
as follows : —

England— 'Sh: G. R. Allis, The Gardens, Old
Warden Park, Biggleswade ; Mr. W. Blair, Frrc
Press Office, Tonbridge ; Mr. W. Bryant, nursery-
man, &c., Rugby ; Mr. J. Burn, Abbey Park,
Leicester; Jlr. W. A, Green, Corporation Street,
Manchester ; Jlr. J. Gore, nurseryman, &c., Sefton
Park, Liverpool ; Mr. J. Hughes, Northwood Villas,
Metchley Lane, Harborne, Birmingham ; Mr. L.
Kershaw, 20, Gladstone Road, West Hill Park,
Halifax ; Mr. Norman. The Giirdens, Hatfield House,
Herts ; Mr. W. Ratchelous, St. Neots, Hunts ; Jlr.
T. Wilkins, The Gardens, Inwood House, Hens-
tridge, Blandford ; Mr. D, Williams, The Gardens,
Canford Manor, Wimborne.

Scotland— Mr. 11. P. Brotherston, The Gardens,
Tyningham, Prestonkirk ; Mr. P. Drummond, The
Nurseries, Stirling; Mr. G. Day, The Gardens, Gal-
loway House, Garlieston ; Mr. R. Laird, The Nui -
series, Edinburgh ; Mr. H. Ross, The Gardens,
Dalcherizie-by-Crieff, Perth.

Ireland.— Mr. T. Bradshaw, The Gardens, Hilk-
borough Castle, Hillsborough, co. Down ; Mr. H.
Carter, The Gardens, Downhill Castle, Coleraine, co.
Kerry; Mr. E. Dumper, The Gardens, Summerville,
Limerick; Mr. A. Porter, The Gardens, Woodlawn,
CO. Gal way ; Mr. T. Sheasby, The Gardens, Castle Dil-
lon , Armagh ; Mr. E. Tucker, The Gardens, Curragh-
more, Portlaw, Waterford ; Mr. W. Wilson, The
Gardens, Dromolaud, Newmarket-on- Fergus, co.
Clare.

Wales. — Jlr. A. Calder, The Gardens, Vaynol
Park, Bangor; Jlr. W. B. Fisher, The Gardens,
Stackpole Court, Pembroke ; Jlr. J. S. Trevor, The
Gardens, Bryngwyn Hall, Bwlch-y-Ciban, Mont-
gomery ; Mr. G. Vearey, The Gardens, Gogirddan
Hall, Aberystwitli ; Mr. F. Woodward, nurseryman .
&c., Llandaff.

It was resolved that a sum of £bOO should be
invested in 3 per cent. Consols. A special circular
was considered and agreed to, and a large number
ordered to be printed for distribution among nursery-
men, seedsmen, &c., who had kindly promised to place
them in their catalogues, parcels, &c. The Hon.
Secretary reported that subscriptions were still
coming in. It should be stated that the drawing up
of a scheme and regulations for boarding out orphan
children is under consideration of the committee.
The matter requires to be dealt with in a complete
and careful manner ; and valuable suggestions are in
course of being received by that body. The com-
mittee are fully alive to the importance of com-
mencing their charitable work at the earliest possible
moment, and they hope, ere long, to formulate a well
thought out scheme.

Live Plants for the Continent.— Intend-
ing shippers will do well to i. iquire (before packing)
about the foreign restrictions on account of Phyl-
loxera that may be in force. Messrs. Pitt & Scott,
carriers, 23, Cannon Street, inform us that they
will gladly give full informa ion, gratis, as regards
the regulations in force in i ny particular country,
thereby preventing possible li iss and delay.

NOTEMBEK 13, 1887.1

THE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE.

593

Ground Rents. — A committee, presided over
by Lord HoBHOnsE, and of which Mr. R. P. CoTT.isi
is corresponding; secretary, has been formed for the
purpose of securing a readjustment of taxation. At
present buildings have to bear the burden of taxa-
tion ; the contention of tlie committee is that land
should be taxed according to its value. The offices
are at L^, Bouverie Street, Fleet Street.

The Oxford House Labour Association.
— With a view of aiding deserving labourers who
may be unemployed, the Association above named.

1, 15 ; April 5, 19 ; May 3, 24 (anniversary) ; June
7, 21. The library is open daily from 10 a.m. till
5 P.M., and till 9 p.m. on the meeting nights ; and
the reading-room adjoining from 10 a.m. till 6 p.m.,
but on days of Council meetings and on Saturdays,
only till 4 p.m. The officers of the Society, elected
May 24, 1887, are :— President : William Carruthers,
F.K.S., F.G.S. Vice-Presidents : John Anderson,
M.D., F.R.S. ; Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A. ; Maxwell
T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S. ; Prof St. Geo. J. Mivart,
F.R.S. Treasurer: Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A.
Secretaries : B. Daydon Jackson, Esq. ; W. Percy

June, and serve till the succeeding anniversary. The
members for 1887-8, in addition to the officers, are :
— James Britten, Esq. ; Philip Herbert Carpenter.
M.A., F.R.S.; William Sweetland Dallas, Esq.;
Prof. William II. Flower, LL.D., F.R.S. ; Frederick
Du Cane Godman, F.R.S.; Frederick Janson Han-
bury, Esq. ; Daniel Morris, M.A. ; George R. M.
Murray, Esq. ; Dukinfield H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D. The
ne.xt meeting of the Society will take place on
Thursday, November 17, at 8 p.m., when papers will
be read on the following subjects : — 1. " Certain
Factors of Vivriatioa in Plants and Animals," by

Fig, IIG. — SDBTEOPICAL BED AT ALDENHAM HODSE, ELSTKEE. (sEE P. 594.)

whose office is at Oxford House, Bethnal Green, E.,
proposes, in connection with the four clubs under its
management, to establish a register of all cases
which the Association has reason to believe desen'ing
support, and to bring the names of the respectable
unemployed under the notice of those likely to
require their services. The committee has excellent
opportunities of ascertaining the characters of their
constituents, and we wish them every success in their
philanthropic endeavours.

LiNNEAN Society of London.— The meet-
ings for the session will be held at Burlington House,
Piccadilly, W., on Thursday, November 17; Decem-
ber 1, 15 ; January 19, 1888 ; February 2, 16 ; March

Sladen, F.G.S. Council: John Anderson, M.D.,
F.R.S. ; Arthur Bennett, Esq. ; William Carruthers,
F.R.S., F.G.S. ; Charles Baron Clarke, M.A., F.R.S. ;
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A. ; James Edmund Harting,
F.Z.S. ; Prof. George Bond Howes ; B. Daydon
Jackson, Esq.; Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S. ;
Albert D. Michael, F.Z.S., F.R.M.S. ; Prof. St.
George J. Mivart, F.R.S. ; Dukinfield H. Scott,
M.A., Ph.D. ; Henry Seebohm, F.Z.S. ; W. Percy
Sladen. F.G.S. ; Prof Henry Marshall Ward, M.A.
Assistant-Secretary and Librarian : James Murie,
M.D., LL.D. The Library Committee consists of
nine Fellows (three of whom retire annually), and of
the four officers ex officio, in all thirteen members.
The former are elected annually by the Council in

P. Geddes, Esq. 2. " Copepoda of the Canaries," by
T. C. Thompson, Esq.

Chrysanthemums at the Abbey Park,

Leicester. — These occujjy a house in two spans,
tiO feet long by 40 feet wide, which is a charming
sight at the present time, and for which great credit
is due to Jlr. Bokxes, the Superintendent. Up the
pillars every few feet are placed Eucalyptus globulus
and Golden Abutilon alternately, with the variegated
Cobffia scandens hanging from the rafters in the roof,
and along the edge of the path, dotted among stones,
are Selaginellas in variety, such as cjesia formosa,
densa, denticulata; Isolepis gracilis, and Tradescantia
zebrina, &c. Subjoined are names of a few of the

594

THE GABDENEB8' C HI? ONI CLE.

[NOYEMBEE 12, 1887.

most conspicuous flowers that are out (1200 plants
are grown at the Abbey Park) ; — Albert, a reddish-
crimson-sliaded violet, a splendid Japanese variety ;
Edwin Molyneux, a lovely thing; Robert Ballantyne,
carmine-shaded violet, very fine ; Dr. Sharp, a splendid
reflexed crimson variety; Crimson Novelty, blush,
very pretty indeed; Dr. Macray, rose, suffused with
white, a lovely thing ; Fleur d'Ete, pink, shaded
with violet, streaked white, a splendid Japanese
variety ; Joseph Marwood,L'Isle des Plaisirs, Le Negre,
and Ringleader, were very conspicuous, as well as
some of the old and well-known whites, such as Mrs.
Geo. Rundle, Elaine, and Lady Selborne ; among
yellows. Golden Dragon, Jlrs. Dickson, and Golden
Qneen of England showed u]i well.

Competition in Growing Tobacco.— The

Tobacco Trade Section of the London Chamber of
Commerce offers 100 guineas for (1) the best speci-
men of Tobacco grown in the United Kingdom ;
(-) the best specimen of Tobacco grown in India or
British colonies or possessions. The object is to
ascertain definitely how far these sources of prodnc-
tion can add to the supply of Tobacco suitable for
the English market, and to what extent, if any, these
growths can compete in quality and price with those
of foreign countries. Tlie samples must be repre-
sentative of crop, weigh not less than 400 lb., and not
contain more than 15 per cent, of moisture. The
competing lots from the United Kingdom must be
sent in by March 1, 1888.

Chrysanthemums at Finsbury Park.— TI»>

dwellers in the North of London are fortunate in
possessing the opportunity of enjoying such a fine
show of Chrysanthemums as is now to be seen in
Finsbury Park, where the usual display has been
again opened. Well grown, well ripened plants they
are throughout, and the exhibition will compare
favourably with those of previous years. That Mr.
Mandun fully understands the management of these
plants is clearly demonstrated, and Mr. Cochrane
is also to be complimented on the same score. The
show this season is held in the same span-roofed
house, the plants being arranged in two sloping banks,
one on each side. Incurved blooms are not yet fiillv
developed, but in all probability they will be as fine
as the Japanese, which are blooming profusely now
and showing large flowers too ; Elaine and Mdlle.
Lacroix are prominent, and so also are Alice Bird,
butter-yellow ; Mr. Tarin, Comte de Germiny, Gloire
Rayonnante, and its sport Golden Gloire Rayonnante,
a very ])retty flower ; He des Plaisirs, Ete Fleuri,
Thunberg, a good yellow ; Tendresse, a mixture of
strawberry colour on cream, very effective ; J. Laing,
Madame C. Andigier, Mons. Roux, &c. Of incurved,
Mr. Bunn, George Glenny, audits golden form ; Mrs.
G. Rundle, Refulgence, White and Golden Beverly,
White Globe .Yellow Globe, and other popular varieties
are well shown. We may mention that there are about
2000 plants grown for this exhibition, the show-
house being about 100 feet in length.

Unsorted English Apples: a Reminder.—
In the autumn of last year a suburban fruit-grower
noticed a countryman returning from London with a
load of Apples, and on inquiry it transpired that lie
had been unable to sell them at any price, as all the
approaches to the market were blocked with fruit of
various kinds, and no one would do more than glance
at his Apples. Seeing that altliongh rather a rough
sample, they were Blenheim Pippins, the fruit grower
asked the price, and finding that the countryman was
willing to take 3s. Gd. per " large " bushel (1^ bushel),
he bought the lot. The Apples were then sorted,
the bruised and unsound fruit were sold for cooking,
but by far the greater part was stored till the begin-
ning of December, when they sold readily at "is. fir/,
and 9s. per (London) bushel. Had they been kept
till Christmas they would have realised 12s. ]ier
bushel. The Apples were grown in Kent, but the
farmer to whom they belonged sold them on the trees
to a "jobbing fruit buyer," who "got them off the
trees the quickest way he could," and sent them to
Covent Garden " in the rough." Thev were sold bv

the " large " bushel, and retailed by the usual measure,
and the suburban fruit grower made more than 100
per cent, by his venture. The moral is obvious.

Lambeth and Southwark Amateur Chry-
santhemum Society. — This Society has for its
purpose the promotion of Chrysanthemum grow-
ing among amateurs dwelling within 2 miles of the
" Elephant and Castle," Newington. Good blooms —
very good, when the district is considered — were
shown at the recent exhibition on the 8th, 9th, and
10th iust., in the Drill Hall, Jamaica Road, Ber-
mondsey. Mr. Tkact was the chief prize-winner,
showing a few nice plants ; but tliis section of the
show was much weaker than usual. Mr. Davison was
another good exhibitor; Mr. Williams and Mr.
Sharp also took high honours. The Society does
not permit dressing, and, consequently, many of the
incurved flowers did not show to such advantage as
they might have done, but at the same time un-
dressed blooms are more natural, and we do not ad-
vise the Society to alter this regulation. The best
blooms shown were Mr. Bunn (very good, from Mr.
Williams), King of Crimsons, Chevalier Domage,
Dormillon, Margaret Marrouch, Val dAndorre,
Beverley, J. Salter, Jeanne dArc. Mons. Tarin. &c.
In the classes restricted to lion, members Jlr. Hil-
LiEE was the best exhibitor, and he had some
capital blooms in each section, especially of Anemone-
flowered varieties, such as Gluck, Acquisition, and
Eleur de Marie.

Fernando NorONHA.— Mr. Ridley's account of
this island, as given at the Linnean Society lately,
and still more recently at the Scientific Committee,
proved very interesting. Fernando Norouha is a
small volcanic island, or group of islets, some 200
miles off the north-east coast of Brazil near the
equator. At one time it had a flora of its own, but
the introduced weeds from other countries have all
but destroyed the aboriginal vegetation, the process
of destruction being increased by the necessity of
cutting down the trees to prevent the convicts from
obtaining the means of constructing boats. One of
the trees still existing is a species of Exc;ecaria.
Solanum corniculatum, an introduced plant, fur-
nishes an edible fruit. An endemic Cactus with
attractive and fragrant flowers, has been sent to Kew.
Species of Oxalis, Bignonia, Erythrina, were men-
tioned as handsome flowering plants. Cryptogams
seem to be rare. One Fern only was mentioned,
while mosses are rare and lichens and fungi were not
collected. Mr. Ridley also gave details concerning
the geology of the island, as well as notes on the birds
and insects, shells, &c. Musk rats are so abundant
that thousands of them are killed by the convicts.
Mr. Ridley had only arrived in England a day or
two when he was called on to give a summary of his
observations, and his collections were not unpacked.
His observations, made under such circumstances,
were, however, of such interest that we look forward
with no little eagerness to the full report, which will
in due time be forthcoming.

Bournemouth and District Chrysanthe-
mum Society.— The first exhibition of this So-
ciety w.as held on Wednesday, November 9 and 10,
at the new Town Hall, and from the number and
quality of the exhibits, as well as from the fact that
it has an excellent working committee, a bright and
useful future may safely be predicted for it. The
hall was well filled, the groups arranged round the
sides being very effective. That awarded 1st prize,
arranged by Mr. Andrews, gr. to F. J. Bright, Esq.,
Roccabruna, was a very handsome exhibit. Mr.
AVard, of Kempsey, Bournemouth, was 1st in
many of the classes for cut blooms, with superb and
finely-finished flowers; and Mr. Ingram, of Park-
stone, and others, also contributed some good
exhibits. Fruits, vegetables, bouquets, &c., were well
exhibited by a few competitors, and one of the most
interesting displaj's of all was the collection of some
sixty varieties of Apples and Pears, sent by Messrs.
Ricilard Smith & Co., of Worcester, and for which
they were justly awarded a Certificate of Merit and

high commendation. When the Bournemouth Chry-
santhemum Society's committee get used to their
work, a still liner show will be the result.

HedYCHIUM LONGIFOLIUM. — This rare species
of Hedychium has recently flowered in the Water
Lily-house at Kew, where it is planted in a mud-bed
along with Sagittarias and Canna Ehi'inanni. It
belongs to the large-stemmed section of the genus,
the stems being from 6 to S feet high, with the usual
leaf arrangement, each leaf measuring about 2 feet
in length by 3 inches in width, the apex narrowed to
a long filiform point. Flower-spike 12 inches long
and 3 inches wide, composed of numerous tubular
fiowers of a deep salmon-red colour. The Kew plant
was obtained from the Liege Botanic Garden under
the name of H. coccineum. 11. coccineum true is
figured in the Botanical Begkter, t. 157, as H. angus-
tifolium. It has stems 5 to 6 feet high, leaves 6 to
8 inches long, glaucous green; flower-spike about
G inches long by 3 inches wide ; flowers cinnabar-
red.

Seeding of the Common White Lily. —
Mr. Wilson tells us that this year he has observed
two seed-pods of this Lily, which is certainly an
unusual occurrence. Somewhere we have read of a
plan of making the seeds ripen by cutting the seed-
vessel and hanging it up in an inverted position.

Re Smith & Son v. Nash, Waite & Co.—

We learn that the decision of the Court reported
in our issue for November 5 is to be appealed against,
and carried to the Upper House if necessary.

SUBTROPICAL BORDER AT
ALDEXHAM HOUSE, ELSTKEE.

The illustration on p. 503 (fig. 116), represents a very
bold and effective piece of subtropical planting carried
out at Aldenham House, Elstree, Herts, the resi-
dence of H. H. Gibbs, Esq., by Mr. Edwin Beckett,
his gardener. On entering the pleasure grounds
from the walled-in kitchen garden, the border is
situated on the left hand, and forms the termination
of a line of shrubbery. It is in the form of a bold
scollop, and having been planted with suitable sub-
jects on a gentle slope, the effect was very imposing.
At the back, with shrubs and trees behind, was a line
of Cannabis gigantea, the Giant Hemp, the plants
6 feet in height, and handsomely proportioned, raised
from seeds sown in JIarcli. Then came Castor-oil
plants of sorts, in flne leafoge ; Wigandias caracasana
and Vigieri : Zea japonica variegata and gracillima ;
Nicotiana of sorts ; Melianthus major, Ferula
gigantea, single Dahlias in variety, Cannas
of sorts. Beta chilensis. Acacia lophantha, Abu-
tilons of sorts ; Sutton's miniature Sunflower,
and Helianthus macrophyllus giganteus, Solanum
robustum and giganteum, the bright blue
Salvia patens, tuberous-rooted Begonias, Lobelia
cardinalis. Queen Victoria, and a line of Coleus
Verschaffeltii, edged with a bank of .Sedium
glaucum, dotted with plants of Semperviviim tabu-
la'forme. Considering that the border is 120 feet in
length by 24 feet in width, it can be conceived tli.st
a large number of subjects were required to fill if.
The grouping is excellent, and displays on the pait
of Mr. Beckett, a thorough knowledge of the subjects
and a keen eye for effect. In the sweep of turf
between the gravelled walk and the border is an oval
bed planted with Lobelia cardinalis. Queen Victoria,
rising from a carpet of Kleinia repens.

On the terrace near the mansion are some em-
broidered beds, oblong and circular, in pairs, worked
out in Jubilee designs, in a highly artistic manner;
and in other parts of the grounds, shrubberv fringes
are planted with subtropical subjects in a highly
effective manner.

A word of praise is due to Mr. E. Beckett for
the manner in which the houses and grounds
— every part of the grounds — are kept. Tlie touch
of a master hand is visible in every part ; jdants,
fruits, vegetables, &c., were all seen in the best form.
As a cultivator of Chrysanthemums Mr, Beckett
has been very successful, and is this season flowering
a very fine collection. 7?. 1).

NOTEMBKB 12, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

595

Home Correspondence.

^^ Correspomhnts will greatly oblige hy sending earl )j
intelligence of local events likely to he of interest to
our readers, or of any rnatters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of hortivulturists.

Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of reniarliahlc
plants, trees, ^-o., are also solicited.

WEATHER !N THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND.—
It moy not be considered uninteresting to note that,
notwithstanding the late rough and severe stormy
weather, with sharp frost in southern districts, many
of the tender occupants of the flower garden here
have not yet departed. I gathered this morning
(November 4) a good bunch of Heliotrope blossom
in the open air, fresh, and smelling as fragrant as i:i
the month of July, or with a perfume as rich and
strong as when the knife is made to break the crust
of a steaming Cherry pie newly out of the oven; the
flowers in question not growing in any particularlv
sheltered site, but simply gathered from different
beds in the open garden. The lowest temperature
up to this date was registered on the 24th ult., viz.,
33^, or 1° above freezing point. On that night some
of the most tender plants showed a slight nip of
frost on the young and tender points only. The
shades of ripening foliage here at the commeuce-
ment of the storm were of exceptionally rich hues,
embracing crimson, red, golden, grey, and green,
■with various shades of the above intervening, some
fainter and others deeper, but all blending in harmony
together to enrich the landscape scene, and serving
to make the display of the departing forest garb
of 1887 one to be remembered, and one in keeping
with a Jubilee year; and not the least feature of
the whole is the gratifying fact for the gardener
to know that the wood and blossom buds of liis
fruit trees are well matured, and give favourable
prospects for the ensuing year. J. Webster, Gordon
Castle Gardens.

UPS AND DOWNS OF BULB LIFE.— Having made
a special study of bulb-life for some years I find that
it is simply a see-saw of variation and modification,
according to circumstances and environment. The
word sea-saw just expresses the game of which child-
ren and bulbs — particularly bulbs — seem especiallv
fond, and one of the points gardeners now can and
do accept as an article of faith, is, that a bulb can
vary its depth, if necessary, iu at least two diflVrent
ways, i.e., upwards or downwards. Firstly, a seed
falling into a crevice near the surface of the ground
germinates there, but too near the surface for it to
exist permanently with any chance of success. A
few grassy leaves are produced, and then a bulb as
big as a Pea sends down a "dropper" to a depth of
3 or 4 inches, after which the substance of the upper
bulb flows (amreba like) into the lower one — a
change of centre has taken place, and the plant
becomes at home (see p. 475). But supposing a
Snowdrop or other bulb to be accidentally (in dig-
ging for example, buried too deeply, the reverse
of this takes place. Thus, as in example sent here-
with, the neck of the bulb supports another bulblet
produced at a suitable level below the surface, and
this bulb, in time, absorbs the substance secreted by
the bulb below. These " droppers," as bulb append-
ages, must not be confounded with the thick spongy
" ephemeral "roots of Crocus, Leucojums, Squills, &c',
the function of which is not. as yet, clearly defined.
F. W. Burbidge.

TO DESTROY WORMS ON LAWNS.— By using
corrosive sublimate, worms on lawns are eflectually
got rid of. I get 1 oz. of the substance from the
chemist, crush it to a powdei-, then mix it in 10
gallons of water, and pour it on the lawn from a
watering-pot, when every worm, large and small, will
come to the surface. It is a curious thing that the
large worms come first. If used any stronger the
worms will not come up. The grass is not injured
in any way by the application of this very poisonous
substance. W. J. FrcwJt.

THE CHELTENHAM GREEN-LEAVED BEET.—
There are not a few gardeners, indeed there are many,
who admire a good Beet, who associate with quality
in the root a deep coloured foliage. The variety at
the head of this paragraph is one grown largely by
the Cheltenham market gardeners, and the leaves
are almost entirely green. It is evidently a very
fine selection from what is kno^vn as Henderson's

Pine-apple, or more properly the Covent Garden
Ked Beet, partaking of the character of this variety
both in the style of the foliage, though not so deeply
coloured, and also in the form of the root, and its
tendency to stand up somewhat above the level of
the soil. To keep it quite true some of the very best
roots should be selected, and then grown for seed
quite away from any Beet or Mangel Wurzel, so as
to prevent anything in the way of fertilisation. B. J).

FROSTS AND LEAF EFFECTS. — The present
season does not tend to strengthen the theory of the
efiV'ct of early frosts u])on leaves. This year, very
early in October, we experienced a succession of
sharp frosts, which, if the notions of tliose who look
to this cause for autumn effects were correct, would
some weeks ago have caused a rapid change of
colour. Nothing of the sort took place, as, iu spite
of the frosts, the leaves, which were not ripe for a
natural transformation, retained their greenness.
For some time after the weather was milder, and
frost comparatively absent, yet the woods in due
time assumed their autumnal hues. Following this
we have had winds and rain, with the result that the
trees are partially bared, but hitherto the effects of
frost have hardly been seen. This may to some ex-
tent be accounted for by the dryness of the atmo-
.ciihere during the period of low temperature ; but, be
tliis as it may. the fact remains. The same thing
was true last autumn, when there were no frosts of
consequence until the end of November. There is
certainly room, from data at hand, for every one
who holds that frosts have influence on leaf effects
to consider how far the theory is right. This year
the low temperature of the early October nights has
done more towards shrivelling than to detaching or
producing the beautiful leaf colour which now every-
where meets the eye. B. J. Y.

NEW TOMATO, HIGHBURY PROLIFIC.—The latest
addition to the list of Tomatos is the one named
above. It was raised from a cross between Vick's
Criterion and Hathaway 's Excelsior by Mr, Cooper,
gr. to the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., High-
bury, Birmingham; it has the shape and flavour of
the former, but is brighter in colour, and a better
cropper. It is said to be an excellent variety, and
the stock of it will be distributed by a well known
Birmingham firm during the winter and spring. B. D.

CIRRHOPETALUM ORNATISSIMUM. — Seeing
mention made, in your issue for October 29, of this
plant, which gained a Botanical Certificate at the
meeting of the Poyal Horticultural Society on the
25th ult., I may state that I have now in flower a
plant bearing six spikes, of which the largest carries
five flowers and the others four, like IVIr. Tautz's
plant, making in all twenty-five blooms. H. J, Boss,
Castagnolo, Lastra, Signa.

TRUFFLES. — For the information of "Inquirer"'
(see "Notices to Correspondents,'" p. 570), I may say
that the late Mr. William Tillery thus described his
experience : — " In this locality (North Notts), the soil
is calcareous, but Truffles were never known to be
found growing in it until about twenty-five years ago
(this was written in 1870), when I tried to introduced
them in the following manner: — In a young Oak
plantation of about thirty years' growth, the soil had
evidently been taken from the lake near, for it was
full of fresh-water shejls. The situation struck me
as a suitable one to try and grow Truffles on, and I
had therefore all the over-ripe ones and parings of
the skins of those used in the kitchen planted there
for a series of years. One day iu the autumn I found
a squirrel very busy eating a fine ripe specimen of
Truffie, and was therefore satisfied that I had suc-
ceeded in introducing them into the plantation.
After this the Oak leaves were not disturbed, but
branches of trees were laid upon them where they
lay thick in places to keep the wind from blow-
ing them about. In the following autumn good
dishes were found, but, having no Truffle dogs to
scent out the ripe ones, many of the small and un-
ripe were destroyed on digging up the others. The
squirrels were always busy as soon as they scented
a ripe one ; they had, therefore, to be watched during
the season of gathering. And this went on year after
year until an alteration in the grounds made the
cutting down of the Oaks a necessity, and, threfore,
an end was made of the interesting colony. Truffles
were afterwards found in a shrubbery near, under
the branches of Cedars and evergi-eens, but never in
the same quantities as in the young Oak wood.
Bring some from France or England in the soil in
which they grow naturally. This could easily be

done by taking up balls of earth with ripe Truffles
iu them, and without disturbing the Truflies; plant
the balls iu tubs of earth or sand. When arrived at
their destination care would be required in planting
the balls of Truffles iu the plantations, and plenty of
Oak leaves should be left in the places where they were
planted, and such places marked with stakes. The
Truffle, like the Mushroom, is no doubt propagated
not only by spores but also by spawn, and this runs in
a suitable calcareous soil, in the same way as Mush-
room spawn runs in horse manure or in old pastures
where horses are grazed." North Norfolk.

"HOLIDAY JOTTINGS IN THE ISLE OF MAN."
— After perusing the two articles in Nos. 42 and 43
of your interesting journal entitled " Holiday Jottings
in the Isle of Man," I am inclined to assume that
your correspondent, either had a very bad guide
or none at all, and seems to have gathered only
the most superficial information of the island he
describes. The wild flora of the island is really
most beautiful and varied in almost every direction,
and you can drive through miles of Gorse which,
remaining in flower for a very considerable time, in
consequence of the geniality of the climate, is a
source of lasting brightness in the landscape. The
cottager's windows, even iu the poorest villages are
also at all seasons a show in themselves. Wild Roses
are found iu abundance had your contributor only
stepped off the beaten track, where, I am sorry to say,
the many visitors will barely allow a flower to bloom.
The railway system here is simply abominable ; you
travel at the rate of 12 miles an hour, extreme speed,
rocking your bones through the skin, on a narrow
gauge ; and the service to supply the wants of the
public would disgrace a suburban train line, and it is
accommodated with similar loop lines for crossings.
The agricultural crops of the southern portion of the
island, notably the most fertile, are Barley, Wheat,
Oats, Turnips, and Potatos, which are this year
singularly good. I have seen samples of tubers
weighing as much as 3} lb. each, and may be fair
prices, and in excess of last year, may be obtained for
the former portion of the agricultural products. The
Manx Barley is especially sought after by the best
brewers within reasonable freight distance. To
the development of this portion of trade across the
water, the exorbitant charges of the Isle of Man Steam
Packet Company are the greatest drawback, being
greater per ton than the cost from Liverpool to
Australia. If your correspondent had visited Rushen
Abbey, four minutes' distant from Ballasalla Station
and 2 miles from Castletown, he would have found
26 acres of land entirely covered with fruit trees,
Gooseberries. Strawberries, Raspberries, red, white,
and black Currants, Morello Cherries, all newly
planted and in full bearing, intermingled with some
thousands of Apple and Plum trees, together with
14,000 feet of glass producing Grapes and Tomatos
of the finest quality, and available for sale almost
every day in the year, to say nothing of Cucumbers
and "the usual vegetable adjuncts. This estate lies in
the Silverbrim Valley, through which the river per-
colating gives it name, and the banks of which are
lined with wild flowers in great abundance for above"
7 miles, and they are a favourite resort of the
followers of Isaac Walton, trout being abundant.
A BeguJar Snbscrihcr.

Nursery Notes.

CHRYS^VNTHEMUMS ABOUT FOREST HILL.

In this neighbourhood there are two nurseries
where the Chrysanthemum is to be found growing in
pretty large numbers, viz., Messrs, J. Laing & Co.'s,
Stanstead Park, and at Messrs. J. Carter & Co.'s,
Perry Vale. The first-named is much the larger col-
lection, and the plants are displayed in a long span,
house which admits of their examination on two sides —
an advantage to the visitor, and to the plants them-
selves, as when so placed the latter have the benefit
of light on two sides also, which tends to preserve
the foliage — a matter of no small moment with plants
intended to figure in groups at exhibitions.

Chrysanthemums, new or unique iu colour or
form, were not very numerous, although the French
raisers inundate our market with so-called novelties,
but which in most cases do not a]>proach in colour
or form any existing varieties, and are in conse-
quence soon discarded by our florists. No new form
of the incurved varieties has been produced worth

596

THE GABDENEBS' CHEONIGLE.

[NOVEMBEE 12, 1887.

mentioning for some years, while the flowers of this
class would be rendered additionally attractive by
the infusion of many of the shades of coloiu' observed
in some of the best Japanese flowers.

Among Messrs. Laing's nicely-gi'own plants we
noticed Bronze Queen of England, of fine form ; and
Golden Ethel, the only novelties visible amongst
incurves ; whereas, in Japanese hybrids there were
numerous flowers that are destined to find admirers
amongst growers. We will enumerate just a few of
those that strike us as being remarkable in some
way or another : — J. M. Pigny, 1886, a creamy-white
expansive flower ; William Holmes, a rich red-
chestnut, not too large, with pleasing outline to the
flower; Piedro Diaz, a coppery-red, with buif;
Lucien Baltet, a flower of a beautiful lake colour
— one of which there are too few ; Belle Paule, white
and lilac ; Anna M. Payne, with flesh tints, the
florets cleft at the end, giving a light fluffy look to
the bloom ; of much the same character, as is indi-
cated by the name, is Ebouriffee, a fawn-coloured
variety ; the showy pink-flowered Madame J. Laing
was in good form ; Feu de Bengale, rich light coppery
tint ; Henry Elliot, with florets pointed and reflexed,
is a meritorious flower : the colour is coppery ; Don
Quixote, of a tint of lilac, with florets broad and
twisted ; and Monsieur Garnier, a flower which varies
in colour from light red-brown to bronzy-yellow,
according, probably to the age of the flower : it has
short florets, somewhat twisted.

At Jtessrs. J. Carter & Co.'s nursery, we found a
collection smaller as regards numbers ; and the house
in which they were displayed, admitted of their being
looked at from the front only, an arrangement not
without its advantage where an effect in the mass is
wished for. A very pure white flower was seen in
Jlrs. Beale : it is, we think, the snowiest of any white
Chrj'santheraum, and as such will take a high place ;
M. Craz d'Equileon, rich brown — an excellent deco-
rative variety ; JIartha Harding, rich yellow, with
twisted florets and enough of them ; Mdme. J.
Laing, JIdlle. Marie Clos, and La Marguerite, a
magenta-coloured Anemone, were likewise observed
in good examples. Some unnamed novelties of pro-
mise have flowers yet to fully open themselves.

CYCLAMENS.

The ordinary mode of germination in Cyclamens
differs from that of Dicotyledons in general, and has,
moreover, been differently interpreted by diflTerent
observers. Gaertner and his son,* as well as Trevir-
anus,t describe the germination as taking place
thus : — Tlie radicle is first of all protruded, its upper
portion (or more properly speaking the caulicle)
becoming dilated to form the tuber. The whole of
the solitary cotyledon, excejjt a short stalk attaching
it to the tuber, remains within the seed and decays
with it. The short stalk or jietiole of the cotyledon
remains attached to the tuber for some time in the
form of a minute hooked stalk-like process, which
ultimately withers and disappears. The first leaf is
produced at the top of the tuber, by the side of the
hook-like remnant of the cotyledon, and resembles
the perfect leaves of the plant in everything except
its smaller size. The subsequent leaves are pro-
duced in succession one after the other. MirbelJ
gives a different account of the process of germina-
tion in this genus, and considers what has just
been mentioned as the first leaf to be really the
cotyledon.

My own observations of a great number of seeds
and seedlings lead me to consider the view taken by
Gaertner and Treviranus as correct, and to say with
the last-named observer that the greater part of the
cotyledon remains constantly within the seed, and
that the first leaf is a subsequent production, of
which not a trace exists in the seed itself. The
hook-like remnant of the cotyledon Mirbel seems
to have mistaken for the rudiment of the second leaf.

* Gaertn. Friict., 3, 26, t. 183 k.

t Si/mbol. PItytol., 88.

J Ann. du Mm., ivi, ISJ, t. vi. (xii.), f. 1.

The primary radicle speedily disappears ; to supply
its place a number of adventitious root fibrils spring
from the base of the tuber.

On a first glance the vestige of the cotyledon is
very likely to be entii-ely overlooked, or, indeed, it
may have disappeared during the growth of the little
plant ; in either case, the first leaf is very likely to
he mistaken for the cotyledon — an error which can
only be detected by close observation of the seed
before and during germination.

Again, when the first leaf is injured during its
growth — as was the case in several specimens that

came under my notice — another error m.ay readily be
made, viz., that of considering the second leaf as a
cotyledon opposite to the first, the difference in size
and degree of development being accounted for by
the injury or disease that has befallen the supposed
fellow-cotyledon. This error, like the former one,
is readily corrected by examining a large number of
seeds and seedlings in all stages of their de-
velopment.

One of the specimens now illustrated (fig. 117) has
precisely the appearance as if two cotyledons of
equal size were present, each stalked, tlie stalks
originating from the top of a slender tigellum or

caulicle, whose base is dilated into the tuber ; this
appearance is rendered the more deceptive as the
hook-like rudiment of the cotyledon has entirely
disappeared.

The specimen in question may be explained in
consonance with what has been before described as
the mode of development of the seedling, by sup-
posing a fusion of the leaf-stalks of the two first
leaves for some distance. It must, however, be re-
membered, that two cotyledons have been found in
this genus. Gaertner fil. figures one such instance
out of hundreds examined by his father and himself.
Other specimens (figs. 6, 7, 8, 9) presented a similar
fusion of the first four leaf-stalks in varying degrees.
That there has been a fusion or lack of separation of
the stalks, and not a division or branching of one into
others, is shown by the existence of minute furrows
proceeding upwards irom the tuber to the point of
separation of the little leaves, such furrows being
more obvious on a cross section. M. T. M.

Continental Novelties.

Messhs. Haage & ScmiiDT, of Erfurt, have this
season sent out two novelties, which may find favour
with our gardeners, and we give illustrations of
them :^

LtTPINUS ALBO-COCCINEUS NANUS (FiG. 118).

This new addition to our ornamental and free-
flowering garden plants is of dwarf growtli, forming
handsome compact bushes about 1 foot in height and
of the same breadth, and bearing its pretty spikes of
bloom well above the foliage. The flower-spikes,
which are 3 to 5 inches in length, are of a rich rosy-
crimson colour half up the spike, from thence to tl e
apex pure white, and are sweetly scented. It difleis
greatly from the old species, nanus, which is of a
trailing habit, and is said to bloom throughout tl.e
season.

Zinnia linearis, Benth. (Fig. 119).

An interesting species from Mexico, perfectly dis-
tinct in growth and in colour to the Z. Haageana, or
raexicana. While the latter is of a more trailing
habit, this new species forms neat, erect, and dense
bushes, of about 12 inches in height, with dark-
coloured, narrow, linear foliage, and bearing a
quantity of flowers 1^ to 2 inches across ; the colour
is of a bright golden-yellow, with light orange
margin. It is a pretty little plant, for which many
uses will likely be found.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Tuesday, November 8. — Tliis was the smallest
meeting of any that have been held this year, but
few plants or flowers being staged, and formed a
remarkable contrast to the last one held in the
same place. Then all were interested in the hand-
some display of roots, tubers, and other vegetables,
but on this occasion there was but little which by
any stretch of imagination could be called interest-
ing.

Floral Committee.

Present : G. F. Wilson, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. W. Wilks, J. Eraser, 11. Bennett, H. Herbst,
G. Duflield, W. Goldring, H. M. Lowe, B. Wvnne,
H. Ballantine, C. Pilcher, J. Dominy, H. M. Pollett,
J. O'Brien, A. F. Lendy, T. Baines, E. Hill, J.
Walker, and W. Holmes.

Mr. W. Cummins, gr.. The Grange. Wallington,
brought a small plant, carrying one spike, of Ccclo-
gyne Gardneriana, a distinct species with bottle-
shaped pseudobulbs of a deep green colour, and
broad, lanceolate leaves ; and a long raceme of wliite
flowers with a yellow lip, each flower being furnished
witli a brown bract at its base.

A twin-flowered Cypiipedium Lawrenceannm came
from Mr. Lawrence, gr. to B. D. Knox. Esq., Caver-
sham Park, Heading; and the wliite-flowered Ca-
lanthe Halli came from Jlr. W. Hall, 14, Upper

N0VE5IBEE 12, 1887.]

THE GAEDENERS' CEEONICLE.

597

Tnlse Hill, S.E. The plant is the result of crossing
C. Veitchi X with C. vestita luteo-oculata, and has
white flowers, closely set on a comparatively short
spike. It is a very desirable acquisition.

A nice stand of cut flowers of varieties of Bou-
vardia was shown by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons,
Chelsea. These were doubtless set up to exhibit, by
contrast, the good points of B. President Cleveland,
a plant of which was likewise shown. The truss of
this variety is composed of numerous rather large
flowers of a vivid scarlet, a colour approached by only
one of the older varieties, B. leucantha, but which has
small flowers.

A few new Chrysanthemums came from the Chelsea
establishment, one, Edouard Audigier, obtaining a
certificate. It is a flower of reflexed contour and
rich lake colour, the centre florets being coiled inwards
and showing the lilac colour of the under side; Marquise
de Man, a light rose-coloured Japanese ; Olympia,
bufl^ ; and Lady Brassey. pale pink ; the winter
flowered Begonia Adonis, a hybrid raised by cross-
ing B. John Heale and some one of the summer-
flowering B. tuberosa. It has widely expanded single
flowers of a shade of scarlet.

A white sport from Japanese Chrysanthemum Meg
Merrilees, named Mr. R. Brocklebnnk. was shown by
Mr. T. Winkworth, gr., Childwell Hall, Liverpool.
It is in all respects but that of colour like its parent.

A showy variety of Coleus, well adapted for indoor
decoration, was sent bv Mr. A. Hart, 130, High
Street, Guildford.

Some pretty Chrysanthemum plants were exhi-
bited by Jlr. \\. Holmes, IVampton Park Nursery,
Hackney, and, being placed in small groups of one
colour, were more eflFective than single plants would
have been.

' A number of the stove species of winter blooming
Begonias came from the Society's gardens, and
assisted the display to some little extent.

Mr. John May. Gordon Nursery, St. Margarets,
Twickenham, exhibited a group of Cyclamen speci-
osum giganteum, consisting of examples good for the
colour and size of their bloom. (A Bronze Banksian
Medal.)

First-class Certificates.

To Chrysanthemum Mr. E. Brocklebank, from Mr.
T. Winckworth.

To Chrysanthemum Edouard Audigier, from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Begonia Adonis, from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons.

To Calanthe Halli, from Mr. W. Hall.

Fruit Committee.

Present ; T. Francis Rivers, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. J. Lee, W. Paul, J. Smith, J. Willard, G.
Bunvard, J. Woodbridge. G. T. Miles. G. Norman,
T. B. Haywood, H. J. Veitch, W. IVarren, E. D.
Blackmore, and P. Crowley.

There was but little to bring before this com-
mittee. Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Walthara Cross,
Hertfordshire, exhibited Pear Fondante Thiriot, a
fruit with a spicy aroma and white flesh. Pear John
Mannington, was likewise shown.

A dish of seedling Kidney Potatos were shown by
Mr. F. Tozer, Leamington Spa ; and two seedling
Pears came from the gardens of John Gabb, Esq.,
Bewdlev.

Scientific Committee.

Owing to the pressure on our space, the report of
this meeting is postponed.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Wedkesday, Thursday, NovEjinEn 9 and 10. —
There has been during the course of the few years
the National has existed no show which could com-
pare with the one held on Wednesday and the follow-
ing day at the Eoyal Aquarium. The exhibits them-
selves were more numerous than formerly, and were
of a high order of merit ; but in the matter of mere
size, which is not the chief point in this or any
flower, it will be conceded that the year 1886 showed
larger flowers in all the various divisions. The
result was, therefore, that the contrast between the
smallest and the largest was not so marked. It
remains to be added, that the highest prizes fell, as
is often the case, to the older competitors, which
proves that the skill acquired by years of work in
growing the plants and manipulating the blooms on
the show day tells, as it always will do.

The plants were as well shown as ever, but we

think the exhibitors of st.indard and bush plants
might try their hand on just a few new varieties,
which are easy to select from recent introductions.
There is just a suspicion of there being too much of
Dr. Sharpe, L'lle des Plaisirs, Source d'Or, Margot,
and the otiiers.

Miscellaneous exhibits were many, and some of
much interest ; especial mention must be made of
Mr. Cannell's neiv white tuberous Begonia with
double flowers in the form of a Gardenia. It is not a
winter bloomer, but can be obtained in flower till
the end of November. A new strain of spotted and

Fig. 118.— LCPISli ALEO-COCCINEUS nakus.

striped Canna flowers was also obseiTed among the
Swanley plants, as well as an excellent double-flowered
white zonal Pelargonium.

The Grapes and other fruits, the vegetables, and
miscellaneous collections of Potatos by nurserymen,
contained many things of interest to the gardener.
These edibles were ha]i])ily placed in St. Stephen's
Hall, and did not suffer by comparison with the
gayer-coloured flowers of tlie Chrysanthemum.

Open Classes. — For a collection of Chrysanthemums
of 100 square feet, of any variety. — 1st, Mr. G.
Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putney, whose group

Fig. 119.— zinnia linkabis.

was composed of well assorted colours and varieties,
in which the Japanese formed the miijor proportion,
with incurved of yellow or white tints employed to
light up the mass ; 2nd, Mr, G. Edwards, Balham
Nursery, with a showy group of plants, the colours
being nicely arranged ; 3rd, Mr. Davis, nurseiy, Lil-
ford Road, Camberwell. with a very fine gi-oup. Mr.
Braun, St. Mary's Nursery. Richmond, likewise
showed, but failed to win.

For a group covering (30 square feet. — 1st, Messrs.
.J. Laing & Co., Stanstead Park Nursery, Forest Hill.
This gi'oup consisted of plants confined to three and
four stems each terminated by a single flower, in
most cases of large size, and moreover the foliage
was good down to the pot. Several of the newest
varieties were found in this group.

For nine trained specimens, Mr. AV. Davey, gr. to
C. C. Paine, Esq., Cedar House, Stamford Hill, took
1st, his best plants being of the following varieties :
— Pink Christine, Val d'Andorre, L'Africaine, Source
d'Or, and Margot.

Four standard trained specimens. — Here the veteran,
Mr. Gilbey, gr. to B. Booth, Esq., The Cazenoves,
Clapton, was 1st, with Bertie Rendatler, Mandarin,
and Dr. Sharpe, as his best plants.

Six named specimens, including Japanese. — The
1st prize here was withheld, Mr. H. Lovegrove, gr. to
II. Spicer, Esq., 14, Aberdeen Park, Highbury, taking
the 2nd place witli neat specimens, Roseum super-
bum, L'Africaine, L'lle des Plaisirs, being the finest
ones.

For trained specimens, any variety, Mr. S. Gilbey
was 1st, Dr. Sharpe, Margot, and Mdlle. Lacroix,
figuring as his best.

Special Phizes.
Plants. — For special prizes oflfered by Messrs. \V.
M. Wood & Son, Wood Green, for one trained speci-
men, the 1st prize was awarded to Mr. H. James,
Castle Nurseries, Lower Nonvood, for a well-flowered
plant of Elaine.

Cut Flowers. — The exhibition of these was a very
extensive one, the Japanese varieties in particular
being in strong force and amazingly fine. When one
calls to remembrance the first batch of flowers sent
home by the late Mr. Robert Fortune, and then turns
to the splendid varieties that now make up the lead-
ing flowers ; the contrast is striking indeed. So large
and full are they now that the ordinary Chrysanthe-
mum boards are becoming so restricted in dimen-
sions, that they impart to the collections a crowded
appearance, the flowers when finely developed, quite
overlap each other. Some of the Japanese varieties
shown on this occasion measured fully 16 inches
in diameter. The more formal looking in-
curved varieties, though numerous, lacked the very
fine finish seen on previous occasions ; our old
Chrysanthemum growers state that a late season like
that of the jjreseut year is never favourable to the
production of fine flowers of high development, and
want of finish is a prevailing characteristic. The
art of the dresser has enabled some exhibitors to
improve upon the imperfections of Nature, but it
requires immense skill to give a good centre to an
imperfect flower — a skill probably beyond the capacity
of the most able manipulator. The reflexed flowers
were numerous and fine, the Anemone-flowered
varieties decidedly good, and the pompons, as usual,
charming by reason of their bright colour, symmetry,
and finish.

Incurred Chrysanthemmiis. — Despite the indifl'ereut
season there were nine collections of forty-eight
blooms, not less than twenty-four varieties, and not
more than three blooms of one variety. Here Mr. C.
Gibson, gr. to J. Wormald, Esq., Morden Park,
Surrey, was 1st, with a very good lot indeed for the
season, having Golden Empress of India, Lord
Alcester, Queen of England, Bronze Queen of Eng-
land, Jeanne d'Arc, Princess Beatrice, Beauty, Sir
Stafford Carey, Mabel Ward, Golden Eagle, Empress
of India, Alfred Salter, Golden Queen of England,
Princess of Wales, Lord Wolseley, Lady Hardinge,
Jardin des Plantes, Barbara, Mrs. W. Shipman,
John Salter, White Venus, Empress Eugenie, "Venus,
Novelty, and Mrs. Dixon.

In the class for twenty-four varieties there were
five competitors, and here the President of the
Society, E. Sanderson, Esq., Felix Lodge, Harlesden,
was a good 1st, with the following, many of the
blooms being well finished, viz.: — Lord Alcester, Mr.
Brunlees, Lord Wolseley, Jeanne d'Arc, Nil Des-
perandum. Novelty, Mrs. W. Shipman. Jlr. Bunn,
Golden Eagle, Cassandra, Baron Beust, White
Venus, John Salter, Queen of England, Alfred
Salter, Jardin des Plantes, Lady Hardinge, Barbara,
Princess of Wales. Princess Teck, Eefulgenee, Capti-
vation. Cherub, and Princess Beatrice. Tliere were
also five stands of twelve varieties, and here Mr. T.
Bettesworth, Burton Grange, Cheshunt, was 1st,
with good flowers of Prince Alfred, Emily Dale,
Lord Wolseley, Golden Eagle, Jeanne d'Arc, Prinec
Imperial, Mr. Bunn, a very fine bloom ; Empress of
India, Mrs. Heale, Eefulgenee, Novelty, and Jardin
des Plantes.

Of six varieties there were thirteen stands, Mr. T.
Todd, gr. to Dr. Southey, Sutton Valence, Staple-
hurst, being 1st, with capital blooms of Princess of
Wales, Lord Wolseley, Mr. Bunn, Mrs. Heale, John
Salter, and Jeanne d'Arc.

The class for six blooms of any one variety,

598

THE GJUDENERS' CHUONICLE.

[November 12, 1887.

brought twelve stands, Mr. Doughty being 1st, with
Lord Alcester, very fine, though a little pale in
colour.

Japanese varieties. — There were seven collections
of forty-eight blooms, not less than twenty-four
varieties, and not more than two blooms of any one
variety. Here ^llr. W. Packman was 1st, with a very
fine lot indeed, the leading varieties being Fair Maid
of Guernsey, Madame J. Laing, Elaine, Val d'An-
dorre, MegMerrilies, Jeanne Delaux, Golden Dragon,
Mons. Tarin, Criterion, Triomphe de la Rue des
Chalets, Comte de Germiny, Mons. Astorg, Madame
B. Pigny, Soleil Levant, Mons. Delaux, La Triom-
phante, Mr. J. Laing, Thunberg, Japonaise, Peter tlie
Great, Belle Paule, Madame B.liendatler, Red Gaunt-
let, Martha Harding, Baronne de Prailly, Criterion,
Boule d'Or, Marie Delau.x, Madame C. Audigier,
Fernand Feral, Maiden's Blush, Elaine, Soliel Levant,
and Golden Dragon.

There were five collections of twenty-four varieties,
Mr. A. Elphick, gr. to J. Chitton, Esq., The Orchards,
Reigate, being a good 1st, with Madame C. Audigier,
Boule d'Or, Fair Maid of Guernsey, Val d'Andorre
Baronne de Prailly, Belle Paule, Mdlle. Lacroix,
Slons. Tarin, L'Adorable, Fernand Feral, Triomphe
de la Rue des Chalets, Golden Dragon, Meg Merrilies,
Thunberg, Jeanne Delaux, Le fSpectre 'Toulousain,
Grandiflora, Moonlight.

There were also five collections of twelve varieties,
Mr. T. Bettesworth being 1st, witli Thunberg,
Triomphe de la Rue des Chalets, Madame C. Audi-
gier, Fred. Marrouch, Holeil Levant, Criterion, Mdlle.
Lacroix, Mon Brionth, Jeanne Delaux, Dr. Macary,
Mdlle. Moulis, and Val d'Andorre.

Tiiere were nine stauds of six white J.apanese, one
variety, Mr. W. Green, gr. to Mrs. Hyde, Manor
House, Hadley, Barnet. being 1st, with Elaine.

There were eight stands of six blooms of one
variety, any colour, Mr. W. Packman being 1st, wi th
very fine examples of Madame C. Audigier.

In the class for six varieties, distinct, for those
who have not in any previous year taken a prize for
cut flowers of the Chrysanthemum, Mr. E. Mawley
was 1st, with Mons. J. Laing, Mdlle. Lacroix ,
Japonaise, Thunberg, Val d'Andorre, and Baronne
de Prailly. There were thirteen stands in this
class.

There were two collections of twelve Anemone
pompons, Mr. Whibley, Bethlehem Hospital, St.
George's Road, S.E., was 1st.

In the class for twelve pompons, hybrids being
admissible, Mr. Duncan, gr. to C. T. Lucas, Esq.,
Warnham Court, Horsham, was 1st.

The Veitch Memorial Pri::es. — There were six
classes, in which three prizes were ofi'ered, the
competition, as is usual, not including Nurserymen.
The first was for twenty-four incurved blooms of
Chrysanthemums, and here Mr. "W. R. Strong, Tlie
Gardens, Wellington College. Wokingham, was 1st
with a very good lot indeed, consisting of White
Beverley, Mr. Brunlees, Golden Empress of Indii*,
Lord Wolseley. Sir Staff'ord Carey, Lady Hardinge,
John Salter, Golden Queen of England, Mrs. Dixon,
Cherub, White A^'enus, Princess of Wales, Queen of
England, Prince Alfred, Empress of India. Nil Des-
perandum, Jeanne d'Arc, Lord Derby, Lord Alcester.
Empress Eugenie, George Glenny, Orange Perfec-
tion, Mr. George Rundle, and Baron Beust. 2nd,
Mr. T. Shoesmith. Saltwood, Hythe, with Lord
Alcester, Lord AVolseley, Empress of India, Princess
of Wales, Princess Teck, &c. 3]d, Mr. AV. AVild-
smith, gr. to Lord Erersley, Heckfield, Hant. There
were four competing stands, but there were eleven
stands of twenty-four .Japanese varieties, and here
Mr. W. AVildsworth was 1st with capital blooms of
Madame C. Audigier, Meg Merriles, Japonaise.
Thunberg, Royal Purple, Comte de Germiny, Mdrae.
J. Laing, Jeanne Delaux. Maiden's Blush, L'Ador-
able, Album plenum, Mons. H. .Tacotot, Triomphe de
la Rue des Chalets, Mad. J. M. Pigny, &c. 2nd,
Mr. G. Trinder, gr. to Sir Henry Mildmay, Bart..
Dogmersfield Park, Winchfield, with good blooms also
of Maiden's Blusli. Japonaise, Fair Maid of Guernsey,
Boule d'Or, Meg Jlerriles, Thunberg, M. Astorg,
&c.

Of twenty-four reflexed Chrysanthemums, not
less than nine varieties, there were eight collections,
and here Mr. A. G. Hoskings, Hurst Side, Moulsey,
was 1st, with some large, symmetrical and bright-
coloured varieties. 2nd, Mr. F. Moore, gr. to W. ('.
Pickersgill, Esq., Blendon Hall, Bexley.

There were four stands of large flowered Anemone
varieties. Mr. A. Ives, gi*. to E. C. Jukes, Esq.,
Hope House, AA'inchmore Hill, being first with a
remarkably good lot, consisting of Empress, Ladv
Margaret, Grande Alveole. Fl.\ir de Marie, Laing's

Anemone, Gliick, Georges Sand, Marguerite d Anjou,
Acquisition, Madame Godereau, and Prince of
Anemones. 2nd, Mr. A. C. Hoskings, with good
blooms of Empress, Lady Margaret, Acquisition,
Louis Bonamy, Gliick, Princess Louise, Fleur de
Marie, Mrs. Pethers, King of Anemones, Georges
Sand, and St. Margaret.

Of twenty-four hybrid Anemones, comprising
those of .Japanese blood, not less than six varieties,
there were five stands. Mr. M. Sullivan, Downsliire
House, Roehampton, being 1st with some fine
blooms, consisting of Madame B. Pigny, Soeur
Dorothee Soreille, Fabian de Madranaz, Rat.apoll,
Madame Clos, Jladame Cabrol, and Marguerite
SotteviUe. 2nd, Mr. A. G. Hoskings, with a stand
having a very weak front row and a decidedly uneven
lot, the leading varieties being JIadame Chate,
Fabian de Madranaz, Madame Cabrol, Soeur Dorothee
Sorrille, and Marguerite Belleville. 3rd, Mi-. A.
Ives, with a stand so generally good that we think
it should have been placed 2nd.

In the class for twenty-four pompons, including
hybrid and anemone-flowered varieties, there were
six stands, and here Mr. G. Duncan, AVaruham
Court,, was 1st with Charles Dickens, Perle,
Pygmalion, Mr. Astie, Marie Stuart, Prince of
Orange, Cendrillon, Marabout, and others. 2nd, Air.
W. Aldridge, Hazelwood Lane, Palmer's Green, with
Mdlle. C. Dordan, Cendrillon, La Purite, President,
Mdlle. Marthe, Pui'ple Pompon, Prince of Orange,
Golden Mdlle. Marthe and other well known
varieties.

Special Pkize.

Tlie sum of five guineas was offered by Messrs.
Davis & Jones, Camberwell, for the best six blooms
of Airs. Norman Davis, a golden sport from Princess
Teck. There were five competitors, Air. J. Hors-
fields. The Gardens, Heytesbury, being 1st with six
blooms, coarse-looking and decidedly inferior as
shown to Mr. Bunn. Messrs. H. Caunell & Sons, nur-
serymen, Swanley, off*ered valuable money prizes for
tw'elve blooms of their new Japanese Chrysan-
themums, si.x selected from their own seedlings :
and nine from Japan. These prizes, awarded by the
Floral Committee, were— Mr. Redoul, gr. to T. B.
Haywood, Esq., AVoodhatch, Reigate, being 1st with
Lady T. Lawrence, a fine white Japauese ; Edward
Alolyneux, rich m.aroon-red and golden yellow re-
verse ; Air. H. Cannell, golden-yellow; C. Orchard,
in the way of E. Alolyneux, but quite distinct and
very fine ; and Lady Cave, white with a slight tinge
of pink ; 2nd Air. G. Stevens, St. John's Nurserv,
Putney, with Air. H. Cannell, Lady Cave, Edward
Alolyneux, Lady T. Lawrence, Airs. B. AVynne,
white shaded with rose ; C. Orchard, Airs. Castle,
creamy-white, and Air. Alatthews, reddish-orange
and bufi", 3rd and 4th prizes were also awarded.

Special Jiihilee Frizes were off'ered by Air. B.
Field, Old Kent Road, for twelve incurved, and
also for twelve Ja]>anese Chrysanthemums. In the
former case Air. J. Doughty was 1st with very
good examples of some of the leading v.arieties ; Mr.
.1. Hudd, gr. to F. AV. Prior, Esq., Gordon House,
Blackheath, being 2nd. In the class for twelve
Japanese varieties. Air. J. Hewitt was 1st, but the
crowded table prevented the name of the 2nd
prize winner being obtained. Special prizes wt're
also offered by Air. Simon Delaux, St. Alartin du
Touch, Toulouse, France, for a collection of cut
blooms of .Japanese varieties sent out by him iu
Febi-uary, IS87, Alessrs. Davis & Jones, being
placed 1st ; Air. R. Owen, Floral Nursery, Maiden-
head, 2nd ; and Mr. Geo. Stevens, 3rd. We
regret our inability to give the names of the winning
flowers, it was impossible to fight our way through
the deep line of spectators.

Floral Ogsimittee.
A meeting of the Floral Committee of the Society
took place also, Air. E. Sanderson, President, in the
chair. A large number of flowers were sent for
examination. From Air. Russell came a cai)ital
golden sport from the large Anemone-flowered Aldme.
Godereau (First-class Certificate). From Air. Geoi-ge
Stevens came Lord Eversley, Air. AVildsmith's ivory
white sport from Princess Teck, incurved (First-class
Certificate); Japanese, E.Molyneux (Cannell), in very
fine condition (First-class Certificate) ; Lady T.
Lawrence, a fine white Japanese (First-class Cer-
tificate) ; and .Japanese Mr. Matthews, orange-
yellow, bright and very effective (Commended).
Putney George, a bright-looking incurved flower,
between King of Crimsons and CuUingfordii
(First-class Certificate). From Alessrs. J. R
Pearson S; Co., Chilwell Nurseries, Notting-

ham, and Air. Shoesmith, Saltwood, Hythe,
came Thorpe Junior, a very fine clear golden-
yellow large-flowered Anemone (First-class Certi-
ficate). From Air. Alartin came Japanese Airs. H.
Cannell, pure white, a very fine variety (First-class
Certificate); Mr. H. Wellan, also a Japanese, orange
(First-class Certificate) ; David Windsor, a fine deep
crimson coloured semi-double variety (First-class
Certificate); and Air. Alatthews (Commended).
From Messrs. .James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea.
Several new Japanese varieties, raised by Air. Alfred
Salter, were shown ; and Charles Dickens, a reflexed
variety, delicate ]iinkish-purple in colour, was much
admired (First-class Certificate). From Air. R,
Owen, Maidenhead, came Anna AI. Payne, a pro-
mising Japanese variety (Commended) ; Jacob
Owen, a promising sport from Mad. J. Laing ; and
Amy Furze, a charming reflexed variety (Com-
mended). Air. J. P. Kendal, Roeh.\mpton, had
Gorgeous, a promising yellow Japanese. From Air.

E. Molyneux, Swanmore Park, Bishop's AA'altham,
came Alargouleme, a promising Anemone-flowered
variety, which the committee wished to see
again. From Air. H. Elliott, of Jersey, came a
bo.x of seedling Japanese Chrysanthemums, raised
from seed sown in January last, which the com-
mittee thought to be full of interest, and desired
to see the most promising varieties next season.
From Alessrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, a
number of new zonal Belagomu Hyacinth, a fine
blight scarlet, very showy (First-class Certifi-
cate). F'rom Air. AA^illiams, of "Wimbledon, came a
seedling Apple, which the committee thought to be
too much like Blenheim Orange. Alessrs. Carter &
Co., Holborn, sent a large white Japanese variety
named Airs. Beale, that was considered the same as
Lady T. Lawrence.

AM.iTEDR's Classes.

Twelve incurved, distinct. — In this competition
Air. G. Walker, 12, Lingfield Road, Wimbledon,
obtained the only award — a Ist prize. No other
competitor appeared.

Six incurved, distinct. — 1st, — Holhand, Esq., 10,
Grove Farm, Stamford Hill, N., his best flowers being
Golden Queen of Engl.and, Queen of England, Hero
of Stoke Newington, and IJord Hardinge.

Twelve Japanese, distinct. — 1st, 'T. Carruthers,
Esq., Reigate, his best flowers being Japonaise,
Aladame de Sevin, Aladame Deveille, a handsome
light pink ; AI. Tarin, &c. — a stand of superior flowers
of even size.

AIetropolitax Classes.

Twenty-four of not less than eighteen varieties,

or more than two blooms of any variety. — These

classes have been instituted in order to afford

encouragement to growers of the flower in London,

F. Bingham, Esq., (5, Bethune Road, Stoke New-
ington, was Ist, with flowers not too large, but in
which there was a marked difference in size between
the back-row blooms and the rest of the stand.

Twelve incurved, distinct. — 1st, Mr. NichoUs, gr.
to T. Ogden, Esq., Verandah House, Clapton, with
perfect flowers of the best varieties.

The 1st prize for dinner-table decoration was
taken by Air, M. .Sullivan, gr. to D. B. Chapman,
Esq., Downshire House, whose plants were neat
specimens of the usual class.

Fruit and Vegetables (Open).

Prizes Off'ered by the Aguariicm Company. — For
six dishes of dessert Apples, distinct, fit for table :
1st, Air. R. Dean, Ranelagh Road, Ealing, the varie-
ties being well coloured clean examples of Ribston,
Alargil, Blenheim, Cox's Orange, King of the Pip-
pins, Rosemary Russet ; 2nd, Air. AIcKenzie, gi'. to
F. S. AV. Cornwallis, Esq., Linton Park, Maidstone —
large fruits, but less well chosen ; 3d, Mr. Goodacre.
gr. to the Earl oi Harrington, Elvaston Castle, with
very large, well finished frnits of Blenheim, Court
Pendu Plat, King ot the Pippins, and others.

For six dishes of culinary. — 1st, Air. AIcKenzie,
whose fruits were exceedingly fine, and consisted of
Alere de Menage, Gloria Alundi, Peasgood's Nonsuch,
Alfriston, Emperor Alexander, Bedfordshire Found-
ling.

For six dishes of dessert Pears, distinct. — 1st,
Mr. Allen, gr., Guntou Park, Norwich, his fruits of
Beurro Diel, Beurre Clairgeau, Doyenne du Cornice,
being verr large and of good colour.

For three bunches of white Grapes. — 1st, Mr.
Pratt, gr. to the Marquis of Bath, Longleat, with
beautiful Aluscat of Alexandria, perfect in every
point.

For three bunches of black Grapes. — 1st, Air. A,

No\-EMBER 12, 188?.]

TEE GARDENEliS' CIlBONICLE.

599

Smith, gr. to W. A. Sewell, Esq., Warren Hill,
Loughton, with Gros Colmar of massive proportions
and enormous berries.

For collection of Grapes, to consist of twelve
bunches, in not less than six varieties : — 1st, AY.
I'ratt, with Gros Guillaume, Muscat of Alexandria,
of splendid colour and tinish : Black Alicante, and
others.

For the best twelve dishes of Potatos, distinct. —
1st, Mr. E. Chopping. Perriwinkle Mill, Sitting-
bourne, with large clean skinned tubers of popular
varieties.

For the best six dishes of Potatos. — 1st, Mr. AY.
Eddington, West Row Gardens, Jliklenhall.

Special I'ri-vs offered by Messrs. Suttoit, i(- Suns,
Reading. — For the best collection of six distinct
kinds of vegetables. — 1st, Mr. J. May, gr. to Captain
Blanc, Northaw House, Barnet, whose kinds con-
sisted of his well-known strain of Brussels Sprouts —
hard and of middle size ; JIajor Clarke's Celeiy, still
one of the best varieties ; Toraatos, Sutton's Perfec-
tion and Stamfordi.an , Cauliflowers, Potatos, &c.

Special Pri;cs offered by Messrs. Webb <f- Sons.
Wordsley, Stourbridge. — For the best collection of six
kinds of vegetables, 1st, Air. Pope, gr. to Lord Car-
narvon, Highclere Castle, Newbury, whose especially
good examples were Autumn Giant Cauliflower,
Deverill's Anglo-Spanish Onion, new Intermediate
Carrot, and Alaramoth Red Celery.

MiSCELLANEOCS.

Messrs. Hooper & Co. staged winter-flowering
Carnations in considerable numbers in cut blooms
and plants ; Mr. Robert Owen, Floral Nurseries,
Alaidenhead, several stands of Chrysanthemums of
various sections ; Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons had a
large exhibit of Chrysanthemums as cut blooms,
shown in bundles, a way that is very effective ; a
double white tuberous Begonia, Octavie ; several
Cannas, with flowei's remarkable for their colours ;
large stands of zonal Pelargoniums, and a few good
Primula sinensis in variety.

Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Jlaidstoue, put up a
most imposing display of Apples and Pears, a new-
feature in showing the former being introduced bv
placing the fruits in oblong, shallow baskets in a
pyr,amidal form, by this means displaying them to
greater advantage. The collection was a most inter-
esting and instructive one, the fruit being in all
cases in fine condition.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, exhibited a verv
large collection of Potatos already in commerce, and
some others of great jiromise not yet sent out. A
certain seedling — No. 36, sent out in 1.SS5 — was
observed ; it is thought to be by competent judges
the finest tuber yet seen — handsome, prolific, and
good when cooked — the best test. The collection
numbered twenty-two dishes of their own raising,
twenty-eight dishes of various other raisers, ten
dishes of varieties not in- the trade, eleven dishes of
curious Continental varieties, raostlv of use in salads,
and nine dishes of very large varieties. A Certificate
was awarded for excellence.

Mr. C. Fidler, Reading, likewise made a large dis-
plae with the tuber, putting up 120 dishes, which
were grown under ordinary farm culture. A Certifi-
cate was awarded for excellence.

Sixty-five dishes of Potatos were set up by Alessrs.
Webb & Son — fine clean-skinned examples'

A dish of yellow Peaches came from Mr. Harris,
gr.. Singleton, Swansea, the name of which w-e did
not ascertain. Mr. S. Jacobs, 2, Russell Street,
Covent Garden, showed the usual big Pumpkin, with
hieroglyphics on the rind. And the manufacturers
of patent manures, and dealers in horticultural
sundries made their wares known at many stands in
different parts of the building.

CRYSTAL PALACE.

NoVE^niER 4 AXD 5. — Japanese blooms were re-
markably well shown here ; the incurved were not
of such a high quality, hut it is yet rather early for
them, but, notwithstanding, higlily creditable blooms
were staged, and the competition was very close
throughout the show, with the exception of one or
two classes.

In the leading class for forty-eight blooms, twenty-
incurved and twenty-four Japanese, Mr. C. Gibson,
gr. to J. Wormald, Esq., Morden P.ark, Surrey, took
the leading place in a large competition with a
capital all-round stand, but Japanese varieties were
best shown ; Madame C. Audigier, Grandiflora, Fair
Maid of Guernsey, Comte de Germiny, M. Delaux,
Criterion, Mdlle. Lacroix, Elaine, AV.Holmes, were

among the finest. The incurved included good
samples of Refulgence, Jeanne d'Arc, Lord Alcester,
Empress of India, George Glenny, Novelty, Queen of
England, and Barbara.

For eighteen incurved blooms there wiis not a good
display, and the 1st prize wss withheld— Mr. J.
Horsefield, gr. to Lord Ileytesbury, Heytesbury,

There was a good show in the class for twelve
iucurveds, Mr. J. Wyatt, gr. to J. Perry, Esq., Brad-
denhurst, Caterham Valley, leading with excellent
flowers of Jeanne d'Arc, Empress of India, Lord
Alcester, and J. Salter.

Mr. Wyatt led again in the class for twelve
Japanese blooms in a good competition, showing a
well finished lot of blooms, of which Comte de
Germiny, Boule dOr, Elaine, Belle Poule, and Soleil
Levant were very fine. The best lot of eighteen
Japanese were from Jlr. J. P. Munro, gr. to E. J. 15.
Paul, Esq., Cambridge House, Twickenham Meadows.
First-class blooms were shown by this exhibitor —
Thunberg, Baron de Prailly, Belle Poule, Hiver
Fleuri, Criterion, Val d'Andorre, and Fair Maid of
Guernsey, were conspicuous. The competition
was large here, there being about one dozen com-
peting lots. Mr. Gibson show-ed very well indeed in
the twelve reflexed varieties, justly taking 1st honours.
Bright, large, and full, were all the blooms but especi-
ally the following : — Amy Furse, Cullingfordii, King
of Crimsons, Phidias, and Chevalier Domage.

Anemone flowered varieties were good, and the
display extensive, nine lots being staged ; jlr. A. G.
Hooking, gr. to Sir H. Thompson, West Moulsey,
Surrey, ranking 1st, with fine blooms of Em-
])ress. Lady Margaret, Acquisition, i^leur de JIarie,
and Princess Louise. The finest pompons weie
from Mr. Duncan, gr. to C. T. Lucas, AYarnham
Court, Horsham, who showed a collection of neat
flowers, bright in colour. Jlr. Gibson had the best
stand of pompon Anemones, and Mr. Sullivan, gr.
to D. B. Chapman, Esq., Roehampton, S.W., took the
premier award for Japanese Anemones, all showing
good representative lots.

Prizes were offered for Chinese Primulas, which
brought out a fair competition. Mr. J. Rodburn, gr.
to Baroness Heath, Coombe House, Croydon, and
Mr. C. AYelstead, gr. to Mrs. J. Lodge, Bramley Hill,
Croydon, were respectively 1st and 2nd for both
single reds and single w-h'ites, both showing large
strong plants full of flower. For doubles Mr. A.
Carter, gr. to Alderman Evans, Ewell Grove, Ewell,
stood in the highest place witli large plants, masses
of bloom, but rather drawn, however fully deserving
the award made.

The display of pot plants was disappointing, in
some classes the exhibits were not even as numerous
as the number of prizes oflfered. The best show was
in the class for Japanese varieties arranged for effect
in not less than 100 square feet, when Messrs. Davis
& Jones, Chrysanthemum Nurseries, Cambejwell,
carried off the premier award for a tastefully arranged
group, in which Edouard Audigier was very .abun-
dant ; it is a very effective bloom when grouped.

Mr. AA'ebster, Livingstone Road, Thornton Heath,
took the leading position in the amateur gi-oup of
50 square feet with a creditable collection, the flowers
being rather small.

For six trained incurved varieties the onlv exhi-
bitor, Mr. Cherry, gi-. to Mrs. Gabriel, Norfolk House,
Streatham. carried off the 1st prize, showing Queen
of England, Empress of India, and Lord Alcester, in
good form. The 1st fur six Japanese (trained) went
to those of Mr. C. Portmay, gr. to B. B. Portal, Esq.,
Daventry House, Upper Tooting, who also was alone ;
He des Plaisirs, Mdlle Lacroix, and Source d'Or were
very fine. There was a competition for six trained
pompons, which resulted in Ist being given to Mr.
Clark, gr. to J. H. Lile, Esq., Devon House, Brixton
Hill, with well-trained, well-flowered specimens;
this exhibitor also took 1st for four trained incurved,
whilst in a corresponding class for Japanese Mr. A.
Tomalin, gr. to S. AVhite, Esq., Oakwood, Crayford,
Kent, stood in a similar place, both having creditable
plants.

Mr. Killick, Maidstone, showed a collection of
Apples, but we do not admire his style of exhibiting
them— one fruit of each variety placed on the stage
with a very large ticket giving its name, &c.

KINGSTON AND SUBBITON.

November 8 axd 9. — Both as regards quantity and
quality the exhibits at this season's show did not
compare favourably with former years. Cut flowers,
it is true, were plentiful, but pot plants made but a
poor display, and the prizes in the fruit classes were
not so well contested for as last year.

Plants in puts.—ilr. G. Filsett, Ilairfield House,
Twickenham, was the only exhibitor in the class for
miscellaueous plants arranged for efl'ect, and was
.awarded the 1st prize for an arrangement of, chiefly
Palms and Crotons, with Adiantura as a ground-
work, relieved tow-ards the margin by Chinese Prim-
roses, and edged with Isolepis ; a few Chrysan-
themums were added, but more flowering plants
would have greatly improved the group. Mr. G.
Stevens. St. John's Nurseries, Putney, contributed
the best gi-oup of Chrysanthemums, mostly Japanese,
and all strong, sturdy plants, with good, large, and
clear flowers. Mr. Elliott, gr. to Miss Har-
rison, Mortlake, showed good plants of Mrs.
Dixon, Airs. G. Rundle, and Air." G. Glenny, as
three standards, and received the premier award ;
and the same exhibitor stood 1st for berried plants,
of which there were so many good lots staged. Jlr.
Elliott had Solauums. Some yellow Capsicums
which were shown were very pretty. Mr. Bates,
Poulett Lodge Gardens, Tn-ickenham, show-ed some
pretty little plants for table decoration, as Thrinax
elegans, Geonoma gracilis, Pandanus variegatus, &c.,
for which he received a 1st prize. Chinese Prim-
ulas were bjst from Jlr. Carter, Ewell Grove Gar-
dens, Ewell, pl.ants full of flower ; and Alessrs.
Hooper & Co., Covent Garden, sent a box of blooms
and also a few plants of winter-flowering Car-
nations, not for competition, showing several of the
popular varieties.

Fruit.— Grapes were good in the two 1st prize lots,
the rest being only of average qu.ality, Jlr. Griflin,
gr. to Jliss Christy, Coombe, taking the leading place
for both black and white with Alicante and Muscat
of Alexandria, both well finished, especially the
black, which were large bunches in good condition.
As for Apples and Pears there was a large number
of exhibits, Mr. J. Child, Claygate, leading in Apples
(four dishes) with good clean specimens of Alfriston,
Blenheim Orange, Chester Pearmain, and Beauty of
Kent. Jlr. Davies, Teddington, showed the best
Pears, having Doyenn6 du Comice, Marie Louise,
BeurrS Superfin, and Beurre Diel, represented by
capital fruits.

Citt Flowers. — In this department, whilst there was
no apparent falling oft' in numbers, there was an un-
doubted deficiency in quality — due, perhaps, to the
season, but also to the absence of some of the former
leading exhibitors. It may prove, however, in the
end that the show displayed the best average of the
season. The chief prize of the exhibition is the
famous Challenge Vase, the previous two of which
Jlr. Molyneux carried away to S wanmore Park, but that
gi-ower, tired, apparently of such honours, left the field
open to his chief rival, Jlr. Gibson, gr. to J. Wormald,
Esq., of Jlorden Park, wlio won the vase last year, and
was a comparatively easy winner agiiin this year, thus
compelling the Society to provide a new vase if the
champion class is to be continued. The judj,ing is
of necessity complicated by the fact th.at the class calls
for twenty-four Japanese and twenty-four incurved
flow-ers, but generally the latter carry most weight.
Five lots competed for the vase on this occasion.
In the class for twenty-four incurved blooms,
Jlr. Coombs came 1st, w-ith faiily good though
moderate-sized flow-ers, including Biiron Beust. Jeanne
d'Arc, Prince Alfred, Lord Wolseley, Novelty, Prince
of AA'^ales, Lady Hardinge— the "best. Very fair
quality w-as found in the class for twelve incurved
flowers, Mr. Slade, gr. to Lady Bowcester, Richmond
Park, coming 1st. He had the usual three of
the Queeu type and three of the Empress type,
Hero of Stoke Newington, Jardin des Plantes, &c.
The class for six incurved flowers calls for no com-
ment ; but in the class for six incurved of one kind,
there being capital competition, several fine stands
were shown, the 1st prize going to Jlr. Thorne, for
capital blooms of Empress of India. A class for sis
incurved flowers for new exhibitors brought some
very good blooms, Jlr. Allen, of Swallowfield Park,
Reading, coming 1st.

Turning to Japanese varieties, Jlr. JIunro. gr.
to E. J. Dean Paul, Esq., Cambridge Park, Twicken-
ham, was a strong 1st, his blooms showing quantity
as w-ell as quality. Chief amongst them we noted
JIadame C. Audigier, Baronne de Prailly, A'al d'An-
dorre, Criterion, JI, Ardenne, JIagnum Bonum,
Grandiflorum. Belle P.aule. In the class for twelve
Japanese Jlr. Thorne w.as 1st. There were nine
lots of six Japanese, Jlr. Slade having capital
flowers for the first lot, with six lots of one kind,
Mr. AA''arren was 1st with fine Fernand Feral.

Reflexed flowers made a good class, the best twelve
coming from Mr. Cawte, gr. to J. P. Robinson,
Esq., Brookleigh, Esher. Mr. Carpenter took 1st place
with twelve Japanese Anemones, Mr. Slade had very

600

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

[November 12, 1887,

good Anemone pompons in twelve bimches, but the
ordinary pompons were poor. The selected single
Japanese bloom was Criterion, a very fine flower in
Mr. Cawte's stand ; and Mr. Gibson had the best in-
curved in Lord Alcester. Messrs. Jackson & Sons
received a Certificate of Merit for E. Molyneiix.

MANCHESTER HORTICULTTJBAL.

This Society opened its winter session at the
Memorial Hall, Albert Square, on Thursday evening,
November 3, Mr. Tait presiding. There was a large
attendance.

The Chairman said he regretted to inform them
that their President (Mr. Bruce Findlay) was seriously
unwell, and therefore unable to be present, lie had
received a letter from him, in which he expressed a
hope that the coming session would be one of mutual
pleasure and edification. They would be called upon
to elect officers at this meeting, and so far as he (Mr.
Findlay) was personally concerned, he should be (|uite
satisfied if they thought fit to elect a new Presi-
dent. He suggested that an efl'ort should be made
to increase the number of members, and said that if each
member would try and get another, the object would
easily be attained. He suggested also that an appeal
should be made toanumber of gentlemen in the locality
for donations of books on horticulture, and other things
of use to the Society. But before such an appeal
be made, they must have rules and regulations drawn
up, and trustees appointed to hold such property. On
a previous occasion he had urged that the proceedings
of the Society should be printed, so that they would
have a permanent record of the papers read, and he
now renewed the recommendation. They should, there-
fore, consider at this meeting the following points : —

1. Is it desirable to publish the Society's papers?

2. To adopt means for increasing the number of mem-
bers. 3. To appoint a small committee to draw up
rules and regulations. 4. To appoint trustees. For
this office he suggested Messrs. Joseph Broome, John
W. Maclure, M.P., and Samuel Barlow. The Chair-
man said he could fully endorse the President's re-
commendation as to increasing the number of mem-
bers. If they had about 200 on the list they might
reckon on an average attendance of at least seventy
or eighty, which would be very encouraging to the
readers of papers. He was glad to say that their
financial position was none the worse, but rather
better, for they had a surplus this year of £3 9s. Z>1.
against £2 13s. lid. last year.

Mr. E. G. Hughes, in proposing the re-election of
Mr. Findlay as the President (which was carried),
said it would be a calamity to the Society to lose
his services, for he is a gentleman to whom they can
always look with confidence for assistance out of any
difficulty in connection with plant cultivation.

On the motion of Mr. Robinson it was decided that
the papers read during the session be printed at the
close of it.

It was understood that those present would do
what they could to carry out Mr. Findlay 's sugges-
tion in this respect. Messrs. Findlay, Tait and Hughes
were appointed a committee to prepare a code of
rules and bye-laws for the Society.

Mr. Thomas Hick, of the Botanical Laboratory at
Owens College, then read a paper on " A Grain of
■Wheat, " in which he described at great length, by
the aid of diagrams, the component parts of the grain ,
and explained how the Wheat plant obtains its
nourishment. Manchester City News, Nov. 5.

SOUTHAMPTON CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOW.

November 1 and 2. — Notwithstanding the very
early date fixed for this annual show, and the fact that
Chrysanthemums are generally a week later this
year than usual, a capital exhibition of cut blooms
was brought together, the Japanese section being
the one most largely represented — the flowers in the
incurved classes rather undersized. Specimen plants
were freely flowered, but few in numbers. A capital
display was made with fruit, particularly good being
the Grapes, Pears, and Apples; while vegetables,
always good here, were very fine, and sho^vn in large
quantities. As in former years, the arrangements
made by Mr. C. S. Fuidge were of the usual satis-
factory character.

Plants. — For the best collection of Chrysanthe-
mums in pots, arranged for effect, three persons
competed. Mr. G. Busby, gr. to F. Willan, Esq.,
Thornhill Park, Bitterne, was an easy 1st, with
plants dwarf in growth, carrying good blooms and
foliage ; 2nd, Mr. T. Osborne, gr. to H, J. Buchan,

Esq., Wilton House, Southampton. For the best
six distinct varieties of Japanese, only one com-
petitor appeared — Mr. F. Wakeford, gr. to Mr. Harris,
Shirley, wlio staged plants of 5 feet in diameter, and
freely flowered. The same exhibitor being the only
competitor for six plants of incurved or reflexed
varieties, with specimens similar in size to the former.
For the best single specimens, pompons excluded,
Mr. E. Wills, gr. to Mr. Pearce, The Firs, Bassett,
was 1st, with Lady Selbome and Dr. Sharpe; Mr.
Wakeford being a close 2nd.

Cut Blooms. — For twenty-four, to consist of twelve
incurved or reflexed, and twelve Japanese varieties,
eight competitors appeared, Mr. Woodfine, gr. to
J. P. Boyd, Esq., Emsworth House, Emswortli, 1st,
staging large blooms of Japanese Triomphe de la
Rue des Chatelets, Madame C. Audigier, Thunberg,
Mdlle. Lacroix, J. Delaux, the incurved being of
medium size yet perfect in form ; Lord Wolseley,
Princess of AVales, Jardin des Plantes, Jean d'Arc,
and Refulgence being the pick ; Mr. G. Trinder, gr.
to Sir H. St. John Mildmay, Dogmersfield Park,
Winchfield, 2nd, with large but rather coarse blooms
of leading kinds ; 3rd, Mr. C. Penford, gr. to Sir F.
Fitzgram, Bart., Leigh Park, Havaut.

For twenty-four blooms, not more than two of any
one variety, there were nine entries, all staging very
creditably, the best coming from Mr. W. Neville, gr.
to F. W. Flight, Esq., Cornstiles, Twyford, who had
principally Japanese varieties in the two back rows,
all of which were of fine quality, the front row being
of incurved blooms, well finished. The best were
Bertha Fliglit, a new seedling Japanese, very pale
pink, shaded blush, of capital form, having long
drooping florets, for which a First-class Cer-
tificate was awarded ; 2nd, Mr. W. Woodfine, whose
blooms were almost equally good ; 3rd, Mr. G.
Inglefield, gr. to Sir H. Kelk, Bart., Tedworth,
Marborough.

For twelve incurved three competitors were
entered. Mr. J. Snow, gr. to J. Bruce, Esq., South
Park, Wadhurst, was 1st for medium sized flowers ;
Messrs. W. & G. Drover, nurserymen, Fareham, 2nd,
were close rivals.

For twelve varieties, Japanese, 1st, Messrs. Drover,
who staged large handsome flowers, for which, in
addition to the prize, a special prize of a piece of
jilate was awarded, the stand being the best of twelve
blooms in the show. The finest blooms were Baron
de Prailley, Carew Underwood, Mrs. J. Wright,
Maggie Mitchell (a new American variety), and a new
seedling named W. J. Drover, of the style of Corate
de Germiny, colour fawn, veined and margined with
rosy-lilac. It obtained a certificate. Thirteen com-
peted.

For twelve, not more than two of any variety,
there were nine entries : Mr. G. Busby was 1st ; Mr.
Wildsmith, gr. to Lord Eversleh, Heckfield, was an
exceedingly close 2nd.

Anemone flowered varieties were capitally staged.
For twelve Anemone-flowered : 1st, Messrs. W. &
G. Drover with neat blooms, having good centres —
Mdlle. Cabrol and Empress being very fine flowers ;
2nd, Mr. Woodfine. For twelve reflexed, not
more than two of any one variety : 1st, Mr.
Woodfine, showing medium-sized compact blooms ;
2nd, Mr. Wildsmith. For exhibitors who have
never before won a 1st prize a class for twelve
was provided, which brought out eight com-
petitors. The best flowers were staged by G. Ingle-
field ; 2nd, Mr. G. Bushy. For the most elegant
glass stand orepergne, dressed with Chrysanthemums
and Ferns (ladies only) : 1st, Miss M. Hobby, Shirley ;
2nd, Jlrs. Ladhams, Shirley.

For the best group of miscellaneous plants, ar-
ranged for effect, space 12 by 7 feet, Mr. J. Reynolds,
gr. to Colonel the Hon. H. Crichton, Netley Ciistle,
was 1st with a bright group arranged without crowd-
ing.

In the classes for fruit, which formed a consider-
able portion of the show. Grapes took a leading
place, Mr. Molyneux, Swanmore Park, showing fine
Rarbarossa, Black Alicante, and Trebbiano.

Mr. W. H. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens, exhi-
bited a bunch of Gros Guillaume of 9 lb. 15 oz., and
Mr. Molyneux one of the same variety, 8 lb. 14 oz.
Other exhibitors of Grapes who took prizes in the
various Grape classes were Messrs. T. Hall. J.
Chalk, C. Warden, T. Osborn, and W. Saunders.

Mr. Wildsmith was successful with Pine-apples
and hardy fruit, as was Mr. J. Goodwin with the
latter.

Mr. C. J. Waite, Glenhurst, Esher, and Mr. Pope,
Highclere, took the highest of the special prizes
offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, for
vegetables.

DEVON AND EXETER HORTICUL-
TURAL.

The show was held in the Victoria Hall, Exeter,
on Friday, the 4th inst. It was feared that, as
Chrysanthemums as a rule were late this year, the
date fixed to hold the Society's show, would find few
exhibitors up to the mark. Plants staged were not
so good as last year, but cut blooms of the .Japanese
Sections were superior, especially good being those
shown by Mr. Barnes, gr. to Mr. T. C. Daniel, Stood-
leigh ; Mr. Ward, gr. to Earl Radnor, and Mr. Mac-
millan, gr. to Sir G. Stuckley, Bart. Apples and
Pears, in spite of the exceedingly dry summer and
autumn, were good, clean, and beautifully coloured.
The groups of plants were arranged in the centre of
the room on this occasion, giving a very pretty effect,
especially in the evening when lit up. The fruit was
arranged on four rows of tables running the whole
length of the hall. The exhibition itself was a great
success in every way.

The Weather.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Nov. 7, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office; —

" The weather has been very changeable and un-
settled in all parts of the kingdom, with frequent and
heavy falls of rain.

" The temperature has continued below the mean
in 'England, S.W.,' and the 'Channel Islands,' but
in the other districts it has just equalled or slightly
exceeded its normal value. The highest of the
maxima, which were generally registered on the 4th,
ranged from 50° in ' Scotland, N.,' to 56° in ' Eng-
land, E.,' * England, S.,' and the ' Midland Counties.
The lowest of the minima, which were recorded on
irregular dates, varied from 28° in ' Scotland, N.,' to
34° over the greater part of England, and to 42° in
the ' Channel Islands."

" The rainfall has been slightly less than the mean
in ' Scotland, N.,' but more in all other districts, the
excess in most places being very considerable.

"Bright simshine shows a very decided decrease,
the percentage of the possible amount of duration
ranging from 4 to 22 in Scotland, from 25 to 31 in
Ireland, and from 16 to 40 in England."

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the eiceaa or defect of temperature above or
below .32* F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

ACCUMXTLATED.

So

SS

below the

b.

b

Mean for

•2 j«

•2.M

a ^

a n.-

the week

Ol %

M QJ

^■-00

ending

l'^

1^

d2

Nov. 7.

»!"*

at.

-fla

n*

Pr

ncipal Wheat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day-

Day-

ducing Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg.

deg.

0

Scotland, N. ...

1 above

2J

6

+ 65

+ 57

1

Scotland, E. ...

2 above

23

11

+ 103

+ 73

2

England, N.E. ...

0 (aver.)

24

6

— 86

+ 109

3

England, E. ...

0 (aver.)

35

8

— 125

+ 220

4

Midland Cos. ...

1 above

33

e

— 91

+ 220

6

England, S.

1 iibove

36

1

— 176

+ 202

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6

Scotland, W. ...

2 above

2s,

0

— 68

+ 78

7

England, N.W....

0 (aver.)

24

4

- 72 + 129

8

England, S.W. ...

1 below

33

1

— 107 + 199

9

Ireland, N.

0 (aver).

26

7

+ 131 + 25

10

Ireland, S.

0 (aver.)

33

4

+ 149,+ 108

Channel Islands

1 below

.■il

0

— 74

+ 77

November 12, 1887.]

THE OARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

601

Rahtfaxl

Bright
sumshine.

Districts.

1=1

1 .

hi

5.2 i

Principal Wheat^pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. ScoTLiND, N. ...

1 Ies9

193

33.6

4

23

1. Scotland, E. ...

3 more

143

21.0

II

33

3. England, N.E. ...

6 more

137

16.8

16

33

3. England, E. ...

7 more

131

16.3

40

41

4. Midland Cos. ...

4 more

118

16.5

3

37

5. England, S. ...

15 more

117

17.7

27

41

Principal Graining, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

4 more

150

31.3

22

36

7. England, N.W....

3 more

130

20.3

17

37

8. England, S.W....

13 more

124

22.4

29

46

9. Ireland, N.

12 more

163

27.2

25

33

10. Ireland, S.

7 more

127

23.1

31

41

— Channel Islands

8 more

139

19.2

24

50

MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING NOV. 19. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-TKREE YEARS.)

Nov. 13 ...

... 430.5

Nov. 17

. 42°.0

., 14 ...

... 43''.3

„ IS

.. 41''.9

„ 15 ...
„ 16 ...

... 42°.2
. ... 43°.l

„ 19

Mean for the week

.. 41°.8
.. 42'>.1

Enquiries.

" He that qitestioneth much shall learn much." — Bacok.

AnvBCTochili. — Can any reader of the Gardeners'
Chronicle tell me where Anaictochili are grown — a
collection of kinds, I raean? We are trying to form
a representative collection of them at Kew, but, so
far, have found only very few kinds in cultivation.
Are there any good collections in Belgium or
France? W. Watson, Kew.

Notices to Correspondents.

Intelligent Eeadeks, do please Note tfiat letters
relating to Ad\:ebtisements, or to the supplj/ of
the Paper, should he addressed to the Publisher,
and that all C'ii "nnnications intended for publica-
tion, as well .1^ 'ci'iiens and plants for naming,
should be a'l d to the Editor. Such com-

munications .'^ id be written on one side only
of the paper, aad sc;nt as early in the week as pos-
sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should
be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the
Editor to see.

Books: F. C. Toms. Prof table Fruit Farming, by
Charles Whitehead (London : Longmans, Green
& Co.), and Market Gardeniuy for Farmers, by the
same author (London : Effingham Wilson, Koyal
Exchange), might be of service.

Ceeosoted Wood ; A Suhscriher. If much of the
woodwork of the gi-eenhouse so treated is above
ground the fumes might be injurious to some kinds
of plants when shut up at night, but we should
assume that all danger from this source would
cease after a few months' exposure of the wood to
the atmosphere. You do not say if paint is to be
used on the wood.

Currants; Salopian. In pruning black varieties
the shoots must be thinned out so that there is
no crowding in the interior of the bush, and must
be lelt of full length. The shoots cut out must
be removed either from the ground-level — which
is necessary when they become three or four years
old — or from the older branches without leaving a
snag. Red Currants are differently pmned, but a

somewhat thin arrangement of the main shoots
must also be the aim of the pruner. All main
shoots, whether left at their full length or
shortened back, should possess a leader of young
wood 6 to 8 inches in length. A few laterals may
be encouraged on these main branches, likewise
furnished with leaders of varied lengths, as may
be determined by their position— if in the middle
of the bush, these may be long, and if on the out-
side, short. All shoots not retained may be cut
back to a spur of less than an inch in length.
Fern Spores : F. L. The growth is that of the
common Liverwort, March.antia. Generally it does
not do much harm. Probably your pans are not
sufficiently drained.

Fig: J. B. D. As far as we can judge, the leaves
are injured by overlieating the pipes, or by the
escape of sulphur fumes from the coke. The
white specks are probably deposits of lime from
the water used.

Names or Frdit : E. Mann. 1, Marie Louise ; 2,
Knight's Monarch ; S, Dovenne du Cornice. —
F. cj- A. D. 4- Sons. 1, White Doyenn^, probably
— fruit much bruised ; 2, Nouveau Poiteau ; 3,
Beurre Clairgeau ; 4, Golden Noble; 5, Pommede
Neige.— i. Wilson. 1, Beurr^Hardv; 2, Mar&hal
de la Cour : 30*. Comte de Flandres ; 42, not
recognised ; 78, Napoleon ; 99. Marie Louise. —
John Cranston 4- Sons. 9, Kentish Goff; 13,
Golden Winter Pearmain ; 22, llhode Island Green-
ing; others not determinable. — Edimmd. Cannot
make out name. — Portesheri/ Hill, Camberley. 1,
Blenheim Orange ; 2 and 4. not determinable ; 3,
Lord Grosvenor; 5, Gipsy King. — G. W. 1, Glou
Morijeau ; 2, Easter Beurre ; 3, Beurre Superfin ;
4. Madotte ; 5, Mar^chal de la Cour ; 6, Beurre
d'Aremberg.— /. C. Qnex. 1, Beurr^ Hardy ; 2,
Duchesse d'Angouleme ; 3, Jersey Gratioli; 4,
Glou Morijeau. — J. C. Qiiex. 1, Gloria Mundi ;
3, Northern Greening; 4, Minshul Crab; 5. Al-
friston ; 6, Adams' Pearmain ; 7, Mother ; 9,
Fearn's Pippin; 10, Cox's Pomona; 11, Golden
Noble.— ff. //. 1. Eyewoode ; 2, 3, Glou Mor-
<;eau. Apples: 1, Koval Russet; 2, Barch.ard's
Seedling; .3, Court of Wick.— /?ac/l'uworZ. 10, 41,
and 77, Warner's King; 8.3, Fair Maid of Kent;
91, Cox's Pomona; 94, not known ; 114, Blenheim
Orange; 115, King of the Pippins ; 149. Ribston
Pippin.— 3/. J. M. 4, Beurr^ Diel ; 5, Triomphe
de .iodoigne ; 6, MarcJchal de la Cour. Apples :
1, Emperor Alexander ; 2, Yorkshire Beauty ; 3,
Royal Codlin ; 4, Beauty of Kent ; 5, American
Mother ; 6, Alfriston.

Name : T. D. Mr. Shirley Hibberd.

Names of Plants : Temple. Tradescantia discolor.

— T.W.E. Crataegus pyrifolia.- r. .ff. Cratsgus
orientalis. — S. if- Co. 1, Leucothoe axillaris ; 2,
next week. — Name not enclosed. 1, Heliconia aurea
striata ; 2, Carexriparia variegata. — H. C. Triticum
sp. — Foreman. 1, Maxillaria picta; 2, Selaginella
Martensii ; 3, S. Lyalli ; 4, Davallia buUata ; 5,
^Eschvnanthus Lohbi ; 6, Anemone stellata fl.-pl.
— J. Davenkitl. 1 ,Adiantum setulosum ; 2, A.
tenerum ; 3, A. forniosum ; 4, Pteris serrulata
cristata ; 5, Asplenium lucidum. The Orchid is
Maxillaria picta. — G. Boss. Fuchsia procumbens.

— C.Wilson. Bidens, probably angustissimum. We
should be glad if our correspondent would kindly
send a good specimen. — C. F .S. We cannot under-
take to name Chrysanthemums.

Pears : Salopian. Beurre Hardy is a variety which
you should possess, as it is in the majority of
seasons of good quality.

Phimdla : H. A. B. Glad to hear from you. In the
flower you send calyx and corolla are continuous,
instead of forming two rows, one within the other.
The displacement is probably caused by an acci-
dental union when the parts were very young.

Raspberries on Peatt Soil: B. W. You will not
succeed with these in peat, as the plant requires a
moist, cool, loamy, or even clayey soil, to give
good crops of fruit. You might try what effects
heavy loam mixed with soil, and slight surface
dressings of clay, would have on the plantation.

Roses, and Orchard and Other Work, in Nova
Scotia: A. T. S. In the severe winter climate of
Nova Scotia Roses should, if standards, have the
head buried in the earth 1 foot deep, and the stem
bound round with Fern or haybands. and further
protected by having leaves, or Fern, heaped
over the soil covering the head. Dwarfs, after
cutting downto half their height, can be protected

by heaping soil around them, and covering the soil
with leaves kept in place by Spruce Fir branches.
The snow, which is heavy, usually, in Nova Scotia,
should De allowed to remain on the protecting
material as long as possible. No work beyond
sledging out manure, and burning out the webs
and nests of butterflies and moths in the branches,
can be undertaken in the orchards. Pruning, if
not done early in the autumn, has to be deferred
until the early spring-time. We do not know
what work is done outside generally there, but
nothing can be done to the soil, and outside work
will consist of tree-felling and cutting up wood for
all sorts of purposes. It is usual in these cold
climates for a man engaged in out-of-doors occu-
pations in summer to have a second trade at
which he can employ his time profitably in the
winter months. During the summer people work
early and late, for time there is short in which to
do the year's work, so that the winter's partial rest
is welcomed as a period of recuperation and enjoy-
ment.

Sport in Chrysanthemum: W. M. B. Your speci-
men is a good illustration of white and yellow
flowers from one shoot. The Chrysanthemum is
particularly liable to this. Taking the yellow to
be the typical form, the white is accounted for by
the non-development of the yellow colour, but
why it is not developed we cannot tell.

Vines : Noir. The matter is being inquired into
The roots are health?.

CATALOGUES KEOEIVED.

R. Tucker, Faringdon, Berks — Nursery Stock,
Trees, &c.

Thos. Kennedy & Co., 106, 108, High Street, Dum-
fries, N.B. — Forest and Fruit Trees, &c.

EwiNQ & Co., Sea View Nurseries, Havaut — Roses,
&c.

W. S.MITH & Son, The Nui'series, Kintore, N.B. —
Forest Trees, Shrubs, &c.

Cooling & Sons, The Nurseries, Bath— Roses and
Fruit Trees.

Little & Ballanttne, Carlisle — Trees.

Communications Received :— Robert Sandford, no Fern sent
— D. r.— L. H.— T. M.— Malus.— H. F.— M. T, N.— W. B.—
A.W.— H. C— An enquirer.— A young Beginner.— G. R.—
W. JIcD.— R. Todd.— W. S.— S. C— T.— R. A. R.— H. W. W.
S. G.—W. H.— T. H.
l^ Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or

asking ijtiestiQns demanding time and research for ttieir solution,

must not expect to obtain an answer to tlieir enquiries in the

current week.

ARKET8.

COJ'^NT GARDEN, Mve?nbcr UK

Trade still keeps quiet; prices remain the same
James Wehher, Wholesale Apple Market.

PujfTS IN P0T8. — Ave

s.d. s.d

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-18 '

Asters, per dozen ... 3 0- 6 i

Chrysanthemums,

per dozen 4

Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperua, per dozen . 4
Draciiena termiualia,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Epiphyllum. doz. ... 9
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Enonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

0-9 0
0-24 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0
0-24 0
0-13 0

GE Wholesaxe Prices.

s.d. s.d.
Ever^eens, in var.,

per dozen 6 0-24 0

Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0

Fuchsias, doz.
Marguerites, doz.
Myrtles, per dozen.

Palms,

Pelargoniums

let, per dozt

. 2 0-10 0
.30-90
, 9 0-12 0
. 6 0-12 0

each 2 ft-21 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d.i

Abutilons. 12 bun ...3 0-6 0
Arum Lilies. 12 bims. 6 0-90
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6-10
Camellias. 12 blms... 3 0-60
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30
Chrysanth.. 12 bun. 4 0-18 0

, 12 blooms
EucharTs, per dozen 6 0-80
Gardeuias. 12 blooms 3 0-60
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6-10
Lilium longiflorum,

12 blooms 6 0-90

Marguerites. 12 bun. 3 0-60
Mignonette, 12 bun. 19-30

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices,

i,12spr. 0 9- ;

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 6- i
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-1

Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 0- ;

— coloured, dozen. 1 0- i

— red.perdozen ...2 0-;

— Saffrano, dozen... 0 9- ]
Stephanotis, 13 spr. 6 0- i
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 6- :
Violets, 12 bunches... 0 10 1

— French, bunch .. 1 0- 1

— Fr. Parmfl, bun. 3 0- ,'
White Lilac,Fr.,bun. 7 0- t

Apple!

13-36

Grapes, per lb. ...10-3 0
— Channel I«l.. lb. 0 &- 0 9
Kent Cobs. 100lb....65 0- ...
LemonB, per case ...13 0-31 0

Melons, each ... 0 6- :

Peaches, dozen ...20-!
Pears. J-sleva ... 2 6- I

— French, dozen... 10-:
Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 1 0- ;

— St. Michael, each 2 0- (

602

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEB 12, 1887.

VEGETABLEa.— Average Eetaxl Peices.

.d.

. 0 3-

0 4- ...
BeansrKidney, lb. ... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6-2 0
Cucumbers, each ... 0 G- 1 0
Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ...
PoTATOS. — Regents, 505. to PO5. ; Magnum Bonums, 50s. to

80s. ; Beauty ot Hebrons, 100s. to 110s. ; White Elephants,

100s. ; Victorias, 100s. per ton.

Lettuce. Cos.,

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20

Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ... 5 O- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

„ kidney, per cwt. 4 0-60
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 2 6- ...
Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 &- ...
Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...

SEEDS.

London: Nommhcr'i. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report to-
day's market thinly attended. Clover seeds of all
kinds meet with more attention : values both in
America and on the Continent move upwards. In
Italian Eye-grass there is a further substantial
advance. 'Trefoil now meets with someliltle inquiry.
Alsike and white are firmer. Hemp seed continues
unprecedentedly scarce and is again dearer. Canary
seed also is higher. There is no change in blue
Peas. Haricot Beans still tend in favour of holders.
Feeding Linseed is firmer.

COBX.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended November 9: — Wheat, 30s. Sd. ; Barley,
29s. Id. ; Oats, 15s. \\d. For the corresponding
week in 1886 :— Wheat, 30s. Sd. ; Barley, 28s. U. ;
Oats, I65. lU.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

CoLDJiniA ; Novetaher 9. — Good supplies and trade
fairly active, at moderate prices. Quotations : —
Fruit : Dessert Apples, 35. to 6s. per bushel ; cooking
do., 2s. &d. to 5s. &d. do. ; Blenheim Orange, do., 5s. to
6s. 6(Z. do. ; desseit Pears, os. to 8s. do. ; stewing do.,
3s. dd. to 5s. do. Vegetables : Savoys, 6s. to 10s.
per tally ; Cabbages, 3s. 6rf. to 10s. do. ; Cauliflowers,
Is. S>d. to 3s. per dozen ; Spinach, Is. &d. to 2s. per
sieve ; Brussels Sprouts, 3s. Gd. to 5s. do. ; Celery,
'M. to Is. od. per roll of twelve sticks ; Greens, 2s. lid.
to 4s. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 3s. &d, to 4s. do. ;
Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Beetroots, 25. to 3s. do. ;
English Onions, 8«. to 9s. per cwt. ; foreign do.,
7s. Old. to 8s. per bag of 110 lb. ; Carrots, 2&. to 45s.
per ton.

Stratfokd ; November 9. — Trade and supply have
been good at the undermentioned quotations: —
Cabbages, 5s. to 7s. Qd. per tally ; Savoys, 7s. to 10s.
do. ; Greens, 35. 6rf. per dozen bunches ; Cauli-
flowers, 25. to 2s. 6d. per dozen ; Turnips, 2s. f>d. per
dozen bunches ; Carrots, household, 40s. to 50s. per
ton ; do., cattle feeding, SOs. to 34s.. do. ; Parsnips,
fid. to M. per score ; Mangels, 21s. to 22s. per ton ;
Swedes, 22s. to 24s. do. ; Onions, Dutch, 7s. to 7s. 6rf.
per bag ; do., Bordeaux, 8s. per case ; Apples, 2s. to
5s. per bushel ; do., 4s. to 7s. M. per pad ; Pears, 4s.
to 4s. dd. per bushel ; Watercress, (d. per dozen.

POTATOS.

BoEOUGH AND SpiTALFiELDS : November 8. —Supplies
are more than adequate to the demand, which is not
large, and confined almost exclusively to best
samples, for which prices are about steady. Regents,
555. to 115s.; Hebrons, 90s. to 105s.; Early Roses,
90s. to 105s. ; Magnum Bonums, 55s. to 8O5. per ton.

CoLtrsiBiA (East London) : November 9.— Quota-
tions :— Magnum Bonums, 50s. to 905. ; Regents, 6O5.
to 80s. ; N^ictorias, 60s. to 70s. ; Beauty of Hebron,
80s. to 100s. per ton.

Stbatford : Novemlier 9. — Quotations : — Scotch
Regents, 70s. to 90s. ; English do., 6O5. to 70s. ; high
land Magnum Bonums, 55s. to 75s. ; fenland do., 47s.
to 65s. ; Beauty of Hebron, 100s. to 120s. per ton.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 863. to
08s. ; inferior, 70a. to 82». ; hay, prime, 70s. to
Ka. fd. : infm-ior, 4.5s. to 6.59 ; and straw, 27«. to 40j.
per load.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Pkize Me
Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks for 22s. 6^.

PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid bs. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 25s.

LOAM, best yellow fibrou* ... "J

PREPARED COMPOST, best (is. per bush.. 3s. per sack.

LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD. „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6<i. per bush., 14s. halt ton, 24s. ton.

KAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest Saported ... Sd: lb., 28 lb. 18s.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) 8c!. lb.. 28 lb. 18s.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 5s. per bushel.

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-") In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for ( . ' ,

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 2Blb. 561b. 1 cwt.
Fruits. Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CEUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VtRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. 6i. per bushel.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE EEFUSE (by Chnbb's special process),
sacks. Is each ; 10 sack.s, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;
30 sacks. 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. ea.:h. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FEREY ROAD, MILWAIL, LONDON, E.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Orchid PEAT Special

For general purposes. Loam, Sand, Leaf-Mould. Spliaguum,
Oocoa-Nut Fibre, Charcoal, and all kinds of Nursery Stock, at
the old-established Horticultural Sundries Dep6t and Nurseries,
Eingwood, Hants. For Price List apply EPPS & CO.

VINE and FRUIT BORDERS and
ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES, &c.

Eeplmishing, Tottiny, and Renewing Season.
The best permanent Fertiliser is W. & Son's

"LE FRUITIER," £16perton.

Best BONES, pure new crushed, dust to J inch, £S 10s.
Best Yellow Fibrous LOAM, White WOOD and PEAT ASHES,
Eou"h Lump CHARCOAL, PEAT, SAND, COMPOSTS. MATS.
RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, NETS. INSECTICIDES, MAN-
URES, &c. Samples and prices post-free.

WOOD & SON, Wood Green, London, N.

JENSEN'S

Every trr.iin fertiliz.'S beciuisc the Guano is ptrfcctly
pare. It is mo^t ecoQuuiicMl. one part of Bliinurc to

100 parts ef Boil being ample fjr ganleu use.
Write for Pamphlet, Testimonials and Instructious.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voelcker'B analyBia guaranteed. FISH-POTASH
contains Ammonia, Phoapliates and Potash in large
proportions, which are the principal elements o(
fertilization.

GUANO.

2-lb. Tins, Is. ; in Bags, 7 lbs., 2s. ; 141bs.,

4s.; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d.; 56 lbs., 10s. 6d.: 1 cwt.,

16s.; 2 cwt., 30s., cappiage paid. Special

terms for lapgep quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED.
109, Fencliurch Street, London, E.G.

CARSON^ PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility. Gentry,
and ClerKV, for all l^inds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poi'oni'us I'nints for In-ide Work. Conser^-atories. &c.
Pri,-(vi Patterns nmi Test iruoni.ils. Post-frcc.

SAVE H ALF T H E COST.

G A R S I D E'S

EEDFORDSUIRE

SILVER SAND,

Coarse and Fine,

Is admitted by the leading ^uracrymen to be the BeBt
Quality obtaina'ble in the Tr.ide.

Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these
Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in-
es*4austible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the
ordinary cost.

NO TRA\Ti:LLERS OR AGENTS.

Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price.

All Orders executed with the utmost promftness

and under personal supervision.

GEORGE GABSIDE, Jun., LEIGHTON BUZZARD, BEDS.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NTJT FIBKE REFUSE.

4d. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. : 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. id. per sack; 6 Backs,
26s. ; sacks. 4d. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
4d. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. M. per bushel; 15s. per hall
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIK CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. 6. SMYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard). W.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT.— Excellent for Heaths and geucral use, 7s. per yard,
4s. per sack. Orchid (specialite), finest selected Fern fibre,
6s. 6rf. per sack. Rhododendron, 10s. per ton ; not less

LOAM.— Good fibrous, 13s. per ton, ls.9rf. per sack.

LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.

SILVER SANT).— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. 6d.

and 8s. per ton.
SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh, 6s. 6d. per sack.
GRAVEL.— Fine red binding, lor top sprinkling paths,

8s. 6d. per ton.
The above prices are the lowest ever offered to growers, and
will be in force three months only.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.O. ;

BAOHELOE'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Z>waii/mi far auh.

GATERELL & SON, Peat Merchants, Rlngwood.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best quality, as supplied to the Royal GardeTis. efc.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 10 sacks for 10s., 15 lor

14s., 20forl8s.,30for2os.; two ton truck, 25s. FreeonraiL
RUSSIA MATS, from I2s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PE.AT. 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 for 22s. 6tf.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. (d. per sack, 6 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel; 14s. j-ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, .3s. per sack. [25s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROnS LOAM 3s. licr sack.
BEST MUSHROOJI SPAWN. 4s. per bushel.
RAEFIA. LABELS. STICKS. BAMBOO CANES, VIKGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack.
SPECIALITE TOB.ICCO PAPER and CLOTH, eachSii. per lb.

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.
W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E. ^

TREPHOforORCHIDS.

For Potting. Rafts, Blocks. &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S., F.R.H.S.,

76a. queen VICTORIA STREET. E.C. ; and

SWAN PLACE, OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all HoBTicin-iuBAL Requisites post-free.

POTTERY of all descriptions.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

Poat of tirst-rate quality, suitable for

ORCHIDS. RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,

FERNS,

and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the sack, or hv the yard ; also first-rate
PEAT MOULD.— For printed particulars. apply. D. CAMERON,
Forester, Mount Mascal Estate, North Cray. Foot's Cray, Kent.

Teat for orchids,

AZALEAS, HEATHS. FERNS. KHODODENDRONS,
nndolberchoire Plants.

The Best in the World,

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• Loudon. E.C.. continue to receive the highest of testi-
njfjuiah CiiiT^olicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHTD PEAT Fupplied by A. J. &. Co. is by far the best they
hare ever used. Sampl&s can he seen at above addroes.or foi^
■warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSOX JlND CO. iuc\T3 NO Authorised Agents ropre-
<onti0g tflieir Foot Estates.

.TJWr ,ei jnonnsvoliTI
NOVSMBEB 12, 1887.]

THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE. _^

k9A
603

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refase.

J STEVENS ANB CO. direct supply truck-
• lond o{ 2 tons, £1 2s. 6ii.; in bags, 20, 15s. ; 40, 27s.,
bag! included, nil free on to rail. Ca-sh with orders.

Greyhound Yard, iiud 1.53, High Street, Ealtersea, S.W.

CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH^

To all Grubs, Aphis. Lice, Red Spider, Thrip, Meaty
Bug. Caterpillars^ dc. dc.

PERFECTLY ) *° ^'^® Hands and Pkin, but Trill cure
UADui coo [ J^i^S^^onn in Animals, and all Diseases
HARMLESS ; produced by pai-asites.

Fir Tree OIL

(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE

A com>>ination of Hydrocarbon OiL.'. made .-soluble in
Water, for Destroving ALL INSECTS & PARASITES
that Infest Trees and Plants, whether ut the Roots or
on the Foliaf^.

Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists. ls.6d. Ts.ed. & Js.61;

A gallon 7s. 6d, 1 f^allon I'Js. Gd, or less in lurpev quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE,

Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free

on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale : Hooper & Co. ; Corey, Soper, Fowt.er & Co. ;
C. E. OsMAN & Co ; and from all the London Seed Mer-
chants and "WTiolesale Patent Medicine Houses. NKW
YORK— RoLKER & Boss.

HUGHES' Fir tree Oil

SPRAY PUMP

Throws a fine
spray 2Q ft., and
a jet ZO ft., with
great force.

A splendid
substitute for the
Syringe for using
Insecticide, Price
25s. A larger
size for watering
purposes, 45s.
Carrias^'e Paid,

HUGHES'

HUGHES'

GREEN& CREAiH COLOR SHADING

For
Glass Houses,

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon t(- Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
iojsUutlv. Sold in bottles. Is. & 2s. I'er post 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding after rnining".
Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Viues being

wasted. In bottles 1/6 and 2/6. Per post. 3d. extra.
For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, Udll^UCC'
Cmkets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquito.s, &c. nUwilllO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most .effeetiial in Gr«enliousea,— for Ammals and Bed
Clothing. Price. 6d,. Is. & 2/6.- Per poat 3d. extra.

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, ^S^ig^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREETHMANSHESTER

PEAT and SAND.— Li^ht Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In ba^a at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at I5s. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 5s. per bag. Fre.-,h SPHAGNUM, 75, id. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 1.3s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Farnboro' Station. Hants.

ORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,

SUNDRIES, and BERKSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Boom, 75a, Queen Victoria
Street, E.G.. near Mansion House Station. Dep6t; Swan Place,
Old Kent Koad, London, S.E.
Telegrams—" Floriculture. London." Established 18.54.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1S59 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and iu lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outli\ ed many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. Gd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, tirf. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), Loudon.

To Nurserymen. Seed Merchants, and Florists.

J BLACKBURN and SONS are offeringArch-
• angel Matslowerthananyother house in the trade : also
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Eaffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — i and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PETER.SBURG, and PACKING
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, RAFFIA, PEAT
LOAM, SILVER SAND and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & CO., 129, Commercial Street,

Spitalfields, London, E

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hot-water

Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE
l>N^%^ FEEB,

7 CEETinCATES of MEKIT "N/K

In 1886. ^N.. <£■

North of England Horticultural Works, >k.^^
DARLINGTON.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Groi^-ing. and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,, ,. 4 15 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, •> 3 15 0

12 feet long. 5 feet wide .. 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers. ■

ROYAL HOBTIODXTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETOK,

MAJJCHESTER.

London A^ent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,

2. HoUoway Road, N.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

And at 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDO^J, 2,0.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c.

Special L timatt-S gntn for Large Contrat,tb ]n Fencing,
Roofing &.C Personal Sur%ej'^ of Estates made and practical
ad\ ice given as to the best and most economiuil Fences to put

Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post.

KEEP ©UT THE FROST.

Wright & Butler's

PRIZE MEDAL PORTABLE

ALI. SIZSS. AX.Z. FRECSS.

UNIFORM TEMPERATURE
ALWAYS MAINTAINED.

WITH OR WITHOUT THE

HOT-WATER ARRANGEMENT.

For Heating the Greenhouse or Conservator;' these Stoves
are a marvel of utility. They require no fixing and need
attention but once or twice each day ; can be trimmed and
lighted in five minutes, and with no more trouble than that
required to trim and litrht an ordinary table lamp. A build-
intr measiuing 20 by 15 feet can b? heated in an efficient
manner at a cost of or^e farthing per hour. A.'^k your Iron-
monger for Illustrated Catalogue, which gives all particulars
concerning these stoves. "When purchasing,inEiiBt upon having
the genuine article with brass label attached bearing our name.
OTANUFACTOEIY I BIRMINGHAM.

DEANE & CO.'S No. 9 RANGE OF HOUSES.

Prices given are for ERECTING COMPLETE (with brick-
work), within 15 miles of London Bridge,
Proportionate prices in any part of the Country.
Length. Width . Centre Part. Price. Estimates
241t . Bft. ... 10ft. ... £43 10 for Heating
3«ft. ... 12ft. ... 14ft. ... -£(37 10 Apparatuson
60 ft. ... 12 ft. ... 14 ft. ... £100 0 application.
ILLUSTRATED SHEETS of Conservatories, Green-
houses, &c., with Prices for Erecting and Eeating, FREE.

SURVEYS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY
FREE OF CHARGE. Designs and Estimates FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Bnildera and Hot-water Engineers,

**^'^^^T''"™} LONDON BRIDGE.

604

TEE GABDENEIiB' CHBONICLE.

[NoTiuBBK 13, 1887.

Hyaclntbs in Pots.
>OTS made expressly for HYACINTHS can

be supplied by

J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.

Price List free.

S'

Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing.
TRONG, well-made POTS for the above can

be supplied bv

J. MATTHEWS, Roj-al Pottery.' Weston-super-Mare.

Price List tree.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages ami packing free, and delivered to any London Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 02. al OI.
ISJ by 8J for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 1.1 ounce, 8 by 6.

13 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6 or 250 squares SJ by 6J, or 220

14 „ 10 „ 13/- „ 19/- squares, ^ by 6}, or 170 squares,
14 „ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7J, or 160 squares, 10 by 8,

"")/- for 105. Carriage paid for all orders

21/-

31/-
35/-

r£3.

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-Ott PUTTY. PAINTS, ready miied for use.
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at hd, per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. BOBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,
14. Moor Lane. Cripplegate, London, E.G.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

WPETEliS AMiS( iN.-^, 41. Tenter St., South,
• Goodman'^ Fi.'M^, I I K., lire now selling, at

extremely Low Prict^s. New y.Lisnn'sbrst quality heavy full-
size Archangel MATS; also SI. Petersburg MATS, Packing
MATS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address.

EW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA

MATS of all descriptions. KAFFIA FIBRE. TOBACCO
KAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MARENDAZ akd FISHER, 9 and
10, Jame,s Street. Covent Garden. W.C.

ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,

Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheape.st Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thame.s Street. London, E.C

WATERPROO[ TREE LABELS,

D I R E C T I O^N ' L ABELS,

for Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
Samples and PRICE LIS! on application.

FISHER, CLARE & CO.,
LABEL MANUFACTUREHS, KoSTON. LINCOLNSHIRE.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
jKITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little
and once put down inc
further labour or expense,
do'*gro^vn" Edgings,
quently being much cheape
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, Sic, in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER iND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Desiffn, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITK GLAZEl) TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Rooting Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

"S A N D,

Price by post, per Ton
■ Truckload, on wTiarf in London, or deliverea direct from
Pite to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURKS for Rockeries or Femenea.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rat^s iu any

quantitios.

F. KOSHER iJTO CO.— AddressM tee above.

N.B.— Orders proniptly •x»<mted by Rail or to Wherrst.

A liberal DiKoaat to the Trade.

s

I L V E R

THOMAS'S

FiniNGS FOR WIRING WALLS

straining Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 635.

As illustrated above, priie .35. 3d. per doz.

Holdfasts.— No. 632.

2 2i 3 3} inches.
3d., 4d., 6d., Vd. per doz

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

per 11)0 y.irds.
Illustrated CATALOG!- E on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362, EDGWARE EOAD, LONDON. W.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every otter desorlpUon

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA FIBRE.

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

136. COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH. LONDON. E.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDEB8.

121, BUNHILL BOW. LONDON, E.C.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above suea, in 100 and 200 feet bo;
3ds aad 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A larpe stock of Bimilar current sizes of IB-OZ. glasf

nd all Miscellaneous

200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses. .
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. Jolin Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

stock LtU and Juices on application. Quote Ckronicle.

W. H. LASCELLES ANP CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, tree of charge, and
send competent assistants when nece.s3ary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in varioiu
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121. Bunhill Row, London. E.C.

Dlustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on 'application.

Hot-'water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCRIFnON.

4-inch Pipes at Is. 6rf. per yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, tK.

911 VF^TFR'^ P-*-T^NT STEEL TRENTHAM BOILER is far the he.<t, cheape.^t, and

OILV L-O I Ln U most eco7iomical Hoi-water Boiler viarle. The improved facilities for ensuring

perfect combustion savea iue\ and prei'eyits smoke, lijid the efS.cient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete; efficiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACHINERY fur all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, ^-c.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-»««"
CHAMPAGNE, "JEVENCEY," 30/-°o«"

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

01d-Xit*blished Wine Growers' Aganta and Wine and Spirit Herchants.

NovEMBBs 12, 1887.1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

605

CONTBACTOBS TO HEB MAJESTY'S VAB DEPARTMENT.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(Telegrapliic Address—" Hot Water," London; Telephone, No. 4763), have the Largest and Most Complete Stock in the Trade.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

WITH WATERWAY END,

THE NEW

HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER.

This Boiler is made in several sizes from 6 feet 6 in.
long, and is fitted with Water Bars, as shown in the
illustration. The Furnace Door being hung upon the
front of Boiler is complete in itself, thus ensuring the
acme of simplicity in fixing.

and every other Boiler of known merit, kept in Stock.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, Price Is.
Price LIST on application, free.

HOT-WATEB PIPES, CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

HOT-WATER and HOT-AIB APPARATUS Erected Complete, or the Materials supplied.

BOULTON & PAUL,

HOBTICTTLTTJBAL BXTILDEBS,

CATALOGUES Post-free.

NORWICH.

No. 73.-GAEDEN FRAME.

i of Frames 14 inches high. 2 feet 3 in

No. 74. -PLANT FRAME.

The Frames are 13 inches high at front, 24
back, and 32 inches at the ridge, bolted at the
taken to pieces if required. The Lights are £
fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn
front, for ventilating.

No. 75.-CUCUMBER FRAME.

The Frames are of 1^-inch boards, 24 inches high at back, and
3 inches high in front, bolted s '

Length Width Price.

1 Light Frame 4 feet by 6 feet £2 0 0

8 feet by b feet 3 5 0

12 feet by b feet 4 12 6

lb feet by tt feet BOO

20 feet by 6 feet 7 7 6

24 feet by b feet 8 15 0

These Frames are painted four coats and gla7ed with 21-oz.
glass. Packing Cases are allowed for in full if returned at once,
carriage paid and in good condition. Carriage paid to any
station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin, Cork, London-
derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgli, or stations equivalent.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, WeLLINGIOK StBHBT, StBANO,

LONDON, W.C.

1887.

PUase send me "The Gasdknees' Chronicle" for .
commencing , for which I enclose P. 0.0

Months,

Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance.

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15». ; 6 Months, 73. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; PosWree.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) -.—Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19s. 6a,

Receipts for less than six montha' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P. 0. 0. to be made payable at the Post

fflce, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

CheqxKs should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

eos

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NoTEirBER 12, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

Lines ..£030 15 Lines

„ ..0

„ ..0

„ ..0

„ ..0

„ ..0

., ..0

„ ..0

„ ■■ 0

„ .. 0

„ .. 0

AND SIXPENCE

.s

6

16

4

0

17

4

6

18

n

0

19

,5

(i

20

6

0

21

6

6

22

7

0

23

7

6

24

8

0

25

£0
0

0 9
0 10
0 10
0 11
0 11
0 12
0 12
0 1.S
0 13

EVERY ADDITIOXAL :
13, the lowest charge w
:i4 the lowest charge ■

Gardeners and otbers Wanting Situations.

L'tj wordi. inchi'l'ii;,- name :\iid address. Is 6f/..
and ed.for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

THESE ADVERTISEMES

?hi3 saale does not apply to
Situations, which

MUST BE PREPAID.

nouncements of Vacant
charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPOHTA.VT A OT/CE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-oJ^c
cul Letters so addressed are opened by the authoritie
returned to the seJider.

Births. Deaths and Marriages. 5s. each insertioi
Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the 0/
rhu>-<da,/noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kinudo.m : 12 Munths, 15s.; 6 Montlis

73. 6d. ; 3 Mouths. 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postag

17s. 6d. for 13 Months; India and China 19s. 6d.

Postolfice Orders to be made payable at the Poat Olfici

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41, Wellington Street, btrand. London, W.C.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &o.

GREEMIOUttES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without attention. ROBERTS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouse?, Bedrooms. &c. Pamphlets, Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. S>e in u'e at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Vie+oria Strpot. ■WpKtminster. S.'W.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, WINDOW CASES,

i'A\i:s. \vAi'i:i;Ku.i.s. wiMmw koxks. AijrARiA,

AUTIFICIAL KOCKWdltK for ItillrMnis. H.ills. Stiurcases,
&c.. temporarily erected and constructed, under personal
superintendence of

HARPHAM iXD HOWES.

Horticultural Depot, 107, Church Street, Edgware Koad, S.'W.

Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free.

MADE 'WITH BOILING 'WATER.

E P P 8 ' 8

GRATETUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railway Accidents. Employer's Liability, insured against by the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANT, 64. Cornhill, London. Income f.MB.OOO.
Compensation paid for 118.000 accidents. £2.350,000. Mode-
rate Premiums — favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claims. Chairman, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
West End Office. 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. ; Head
Office. 61, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

THE ORCHID ALBUM (Williams). — Six
Volumes, complete, quite new, for disposal at reduced

WM. LEIGHTOX. Seed Merchant. 89. Union Street. Glasgow.

ZADKIEL'S ALMANAC, 1888.

Enormous Circulation— Fulfilled PropheciCJi— Weather Fore-
c:ists— Best Times for Sowing and Planting. &c.

London :— COUSINS & CO., 6, Helmet Court, Strand.

Price »,!.

The L§dy

^

\^ji^z

>^ (br'C

A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition.

KOiV READY.

VINES AND VINE CULTURE

THE BEST BOOK ON GRARES
EVER PUBLISHED,

ARCHIBALD F. BARRON,

CONTENTS.

. Historical Sketch.

. Propagation of the Vine.

. Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed.

, Vine Borders: their formation, soils, &c.

, Structures for Grape Growing.

. Heating of Vineries.

, Planting Vines : when and how to do it.

. The General Management of Vineries.

. Pruning and Training the Vine.

. Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots.

. Setting the Fruit.

. Thinning the Fruit.

. Keeping the Fruit.

. Packing Grapes.

. Pot Culture of Vines.

Fruiting Vines in Pots.

Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants.

Ground Vineries.

The Great Grapi Conservatory at Chiswick.

Vines on Open Walls.

Commercial Grape Culture.

Diseases and other Injuries;

Noxious Insects.

Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes.

The Classification of Grape Vines.

The Varieties of European Grapes.

The Varieties of American Grapes.

■XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes.

XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.

xxrv.

XXV.

XXVI.

XXVII.
Phltes I.-

' JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE,

171, FLEET STREET. LONHON, E.O.
To be had aho of A. F. HAKROX. Hm,al HorlirvHvrnt

f:„r,la,s,C/n',r,r'.. /,....'.-«, ir.

Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound in Clotli.
Prxce 6a. ; Post-ttee, 6a. 6d.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mb, H. a. T. Ro'Wley, late Head Gardener to
L. K. Hall, Esq., Holly Bush Hall, Burton-on-
Trent, has been appointed Head Gardener to the
Hon. Mrs. Meynell Ingram, Hoar Cross
House, Burton-on-Trent.

Mr. William Bell has been appointed Head
Gardener to J. C. Musters, Esq., Annesley
Park, Nottingham.

Mr. James Scott, of the frame-ground, Ken-
sington Gardens, has been appointed Gardener
to A. G. ScHiFF, Esq., Santandrea, Cranford.

Mr. Thomas Oldham, late Gardener to Miss
Onslo'W', Upton, Alresford, has been appointed
Gardener to H. G. Bainbridge, Esq., Malvern
Hall, Solihull, near Birmingham.

ADVERTISER wishes to meet with a good
BUSINESS MAN, possessing some knowledge of the
Trade and moderate Capitil. to join him in starting a good
Florist's Business. Has many years' experience, some valuable
Stock, Connection, small Capital, and other exceptional ad-
vantages. First-class Propagator and Grower (Tomatos, &c.,
particularly). Highest references. — R., Gardeners' ChronicU
Office. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

In a Nursery, all Glass.

WANTED, a WORKING PARTNER, 'with
a Small Capital, for Growing Soft-wooded Plants for
Market. Only good hands need apply. Terras on applic ition.
— S. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Olfice, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

FORESTRY. — An opportunity occurs of a
young Gentleman gaining considerable knowledge in the
Managemeut of Trees Planted in the Streets : some 5000
already growing, with an extensive addition in hand. A
working salary might be arranged.— Address FORESTER,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER; Wife
as Laundry Maid. Three men under. A hundred
miles from London. Cottage and coal free. Must be a working
man, accustomed to the Management of a Gentleman's Garden,
and understand his work in all its branches. — Apply in writing
to Sir B., 6H, Jermyn Street, London, S.W.

WANTED, a good WORKINGCiARDENER,
thoroughly understanding Vineries, &c.: Wife good
Lanndre-ss ; no children. Good references from la^t situation.
Cottage and Lsundry on Premises. — Apply, by letter, only to
E. S.. .5, Cavendish Terrace. East Finchley. N.

WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, for a
Gentleman's Garden, in the country, near London;
must be well up in Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Wages,
15s. per week, with cottage and milk. First-clasa character
indispensable.— Full particulars, in writing, to U. G., Bates,
Hendy & Co., 37. Walbrook. London. K.C.

Fruit Tree Foreman.

WANTED, for a very extensive Provincial
Nursery, an experienced and thoroughly practical
MAN, witli a good knowledge of Fruit and Fruit Tree Culture.
— Applv. stiting age, and where previously employed, to
A. L>.. 41. W.lliiiptou Street. Strand. London, W.C.

WANTED, an experienced Man as FORE-
MAN. Accustomed to Grow for Market.— Full par-
ticulars to W. T. CHILD. Farnborough. Kent. ^_

WANTED, a good OUTDOUK MAN, one
who could act as Foreman and Superintend Lifti og and
Despatching Orders. One with knowledge of Vegetables pre-
ferred.—H. ENGLISH. Fairlie Nursery, Clevedon. Samerset,

WANTED, for a Nursery in Ireland, a
thoroughly experienced practical MAN, to Propagate
and Grow Greenhouse Market Stuff. Charaiiter must bear
stnct^-st investigation. — Apply in (irst instance to C. D.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41 . Weill ngton St reet. Strand, W.C.

WANTED, an intelligent MAN, in the
Nursery. Outside, who can take charge of Men in
Laying out Gardens, &c., and is a good Knifesman.— Apply,
stating wages expected and experience, to F. STREET,
Heatherside Nurseries. Farnborough Station. Hantf.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a qualided and

conscientious Man to act as BOOK-KEEPER. COR-
KESPONDENT. and SALESMAN. Must have thorough know-
ledge of Plants, Shrubs, and Seeds, of all descriptions. He
would be expected to take the lead in nbsence of Principal.
Also JuDior Hand as SHOPMAN, to assist in Office Work ; with
fair knowledge of Plants and Shrubs, c.ipable at Bouquets and
Wreaths preferred, — Apply, by letter only, enclosing copies of

Traveller.

WANTED, a thoroughly reliable, energetic,
sober, steady, and obliging young MAN.— Slnst ha\'e
a good knowledgeof all branches of the Trade, and have already
taken journeys.— Apply, stating age, experience, salary ex-
pected, &c., P. L.. Gardeners' Chronicle Olfice, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C.

Shopman.

WANTED, an experienced COUNTER
H/V-ND.- state age, where previously employed, and
salary required.— SAMCFEL YATES, Seedsman. 16 and IS, Old
Millgate, Manchester.

ANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN,

not under 21. Must liave had good experience in the
Floral Braucli as well as the Nursery and S^ed Business.— Full
particulars, with references, to EDWIN HILUER. The
Nurseries, Winchester.

November 12, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

607

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Otherx. — /( is very important in Remitting bit Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable to No, 42. DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, wiless the number of a Postal O'der is
known, and it has beeii made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is i/npossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B. -The btst and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

NOTICE TO ADVEHl ISERS.—In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
Ttceived without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identifed at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Refere?ice to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMME>rD with every conti-
dence, energetic and practical IIEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establiahments,
or Single-handeil situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticular-i by applying to us. No fee charged.— JOHX LAIXG
AND SONS. The Nur^^eries. Forest Hill. S.E.

CCOTCH GAKDENERS.— Several very supe-

O rior MEX on our Rooks, whom we can recommend with
utmodt confidence. Estiibhsbed 1717.— AUSTIN and McAS-
LAN, NurserymenandSeedsmen, 16. BnchananStreet. Glasgow.

Q C 0 T C H G A R D E N E R S.

O —John Downie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird).
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH GARUENERS. waiting re-
engagements. He will be pleased to supply full particulars
to any Lady. Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener,

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER. BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the test selections for the
different capacitit-s will be made. — Holloway. N.

1 0 H A R D S M I T H and (Ta

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gurdeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&e.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcster.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (John Cowan), Limited. The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston. near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments,

ARDENER (Head).— Four years Orchid

Grower; fifteen years' practical experience in Noble-
men's and Gentlemen's Gardens. Four years' character.— J. P.,
11, High Street, Lewisham, Kent.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen

years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Flowers, and Vegetables; also Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character and te?timonials, Charles Arlhur Tolley,
—Apply. Mr, CYPHER. Exotic Nursery. Cheltenham.

ARDENER (Head).— Married ; successful

Grower of Grapes, Melons, Cucumbers, and Mushrooms.
Good Flower and Kitchen Gardener. Six and a half years good
character.— W. B., Longhurst College, Bull Brook, Bracknell
Berks.

ARDENER (Head). — Mr. John Smith

would be glad to treat with any Lady or Gentleman
requiring the services of a thorough practicalGardener. Has
had charge, for over seven years, of the popular and well-kept
Gardens of Culford Hall, Bury St. Edmunds, where any com-
munications may be addressed.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 29. — Sydney

BuRGE&s, for the last four years Gardener to G. J.
Mitchell, Esq., liCssness, Abbeywood, Kent, is now open to
engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical
Gardener in all branches. Can be very highly recommended
from the above and previous places. — Address as above.

GARDEN ER (Head), where two or three Lender
Gardeners are kept.— Age 45 ; an excellent all-round
Gardener, of long practice, would be glad to meet with a
situation. High wages not desired; moderate wages accepted.
—Letters to be addressed to F. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C,

ARDENER (Head); age 28.— Geo. Smith,

Gardener. The Street. Chorley, Lancashire, will be
pleased to recommend his Foreman, R. Bateman. to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trustworthy man.
First-class experience in several leading establishments, in-
cluding Worksop Manor. Enville Hall, Eastnor Castle, &c.
Land and Stock if required.

TTaRDENER (Head "U'or king).- Age 36,

\J married; total, abstainer. Twenty-one years' practical
experienceln the Cultivation of Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines.
Figs, Melons. Cucumbers, Ti.matos, Mushrooms, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants. Ferns. Orchids. Roses, Chrysanthemimis,
Flower andj Kitchen Gardening, Early and Late Forcing.
Highest references for abilities and character.— GARDENER,
Crow Nest Park, Lightcliffe, Halifax.;

GAliDENER (Head Working), where one
or two are kept.— Age 30; married, no family. Well
up in Early and Late Forcing and Kitchen Garden. Three and
a half years' good character. Leaving through expiration of
lease.— G. WHIFFIN, Crossbrook Street. Cheshunt, Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 30.—
A Gentleman wishes highly to recommend his late
Second Gardener as Head W^orking, to any Lady or Gentleman
requiring a thoroughly practical Gardener. Four years' excel-
lent character from late emplover.—F. B., 16, Charles Street,
Hoole, Chester.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed).— Single; experience in both Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. Total abstainer. —
TOMS, Miss Berry, Albert Street, Stevenage, Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working, or Single-
handed).— Married : fifteen years in last situation.
Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches.
—CHARLES CAPLING, Bedhampton Hill. Havant.

ARDENER (Head, or good Single-

HANDED),— Married, two children ; twenty years' ex-
perience in Practical Gardening. Excellent references.— W.,
Wilmshurt's Library, Blacklieath, S.E.

GARDENER(HEAD,Org00dSlNGLE-HANDED).
— Age 34. married ; twenty years' practical experi.^me
in all branches. Four years' excellent character from present
situation. Leaving through establishment being sold. -J.
HARRIS, Craylands. St. Paul's Cray. Kent.

([^ARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
T —Age 20, single; understands his profession in its
various branches*. —TOM ROGRRS, Whittlesea. Peterborough.

/^ARDENER (good Single-handed, or where

VJ^ two are kept).— Age 25, single ; tlTofOUgh knowledge
of Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit, Flower, and
Kitchen Gardening. Two year>' excellent character. Could
be engaged at once.— J. C. SNELL, Haward Place. Bourne
End, Maidenhead.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
—Age 30, married, one boy ; abstainer. Understands
Gardening in all itsbranches.- JAMESMcH-ARDIE. Cruwmere
Road, Monkmoor, Shrewsbury.

GARDENER (Working, Single-handed, or
Second).— Age 27, married, no family ; thirteen years'
practical experienCB iu all branches of the profession. Good
character.— COOPER, 72, Emsworth Road. Buckland.
Portsmouth.

GARDENER (Second), where three or four
are kept.— Age 23 ; thoroughly understands the Manage-
ment of Gla:»s and Kitchen Garden. Highly recommended.—
WOODHAM'S, Ball's Park, Hertford.

GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN,
in the Houses. — Age 22 ; seven years' good experience.
Excellent character. Abstainer. Disengaged —A. HAWKES,
AVidford. Chelmsford, Essex.

AEDENEK (Third, or Second where

two are kept); Inside and Out.— To live in bothy. Five
years' good character.— J. AKERS, Pennoyre, Brecon, South

/^ARDENER(Undei!, or Single-handed in a

\U small place).— Sir Ckavkx- Gobinc*, Bart., wishes to find

GARDENER (Under).— Age 21; has had
three years' experience. Willing to moke himself
generally useful. — J. TERRY. Normanstield, Hampton Wick.

/^ARDENER (Under).— Age 19; four years

V!J in large Market Establishment. Desirous of leaminff
Good reference.— ALPHA, 10, Hudson's Road, Kin^ston-ou-
Thames, Surrey.

G

ARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
ment.—Age 25; single. Nine years' experience Inside
llent character. Bothy preferred. — F.

FOREMAN ; age 27.— Mr. Sandham, Claugh-
ton-on- Brock, Garstang, can with confidence recommend
a young man to any Gardener requiring a trustworthy man.
Ten years' experience in hirge establishments.

FOREMAN, in a good private establishment. —
Age 2.5; ten years' txperience in all branches of the pro-
fession. Excellent character.— JOSEPH BROOKS, The Gar-
dens, HandcroFS Park, Crawley, Su!>sex.

FOREMAN ; age 27. — Mr. R. Gilbert,
Burghley Gardens. Stamford, can T^-ith ererv confidence
recommend H. Postance in the above capacity to any Gar-
dener requiring such.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 26 ;
has had ten years' experience in some good places. Can
have first-class references.— G. St^UIBBK, Combe Bank, Seven-
oaks, Kent.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age
26; has had nine years' thorough experi,ence as Journey-
man. Welfup in every branch. Has lived at Bayham Abbey,
Wamham Court, Waddesden Manor, and Mentmore. No
objection to going abroad. Good references. — THOMAS
BETHELL, Allegria. Exeter Park. Bournemouth.

OREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN (First), in

the Houses, in a good rstablishment.— Age 24; eight
.years'_ £xperience. Total ab^laiuer. Good -testimonials by
applying to Mrs. J. Beale. The irardens, Woodhall Park, Hert-
ford, Herts.— FREDERICK PAiiKEK, Hunsdon, Ware, Herts.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, in a good
Market Nursery. — Fourteen years as above. Good re-
ferences^—H^DEN. Sharman's Cross, Solihull, Birmingham.

To Nurserymen and Florists.

PROPAGATOR (Indoor).— Age 22 ; good
reference.— S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Street, Strand, W.C.

PROPAGATOR, first-class, " or GROWER of
Plants for Market ; Roses, Ferns, and Flowers, &c. Good
references.— T. BUNGE, 5, St. Michael's Crescent, Bourne-
mouth, Hants,

JOURNEYMEN. — Several smart young
Scotchmen (trained iu some of the best Scotch places),
are anxious to tind appointmenta in England,- UICKS0N3
AND CO., Waterloo Place, Eiliuburgh.

OURNEYMAN (First). — Mr. Kemp,

Edgeley House Gardens, Stockport, will be pleased to re-
commend G. Bell to any Gardener rei^uiring a trustworthy
young man. Leaving through death of employer.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
Garden.— Age 20; can be well recommended for ability
and industry. Abstainer.— J. GARDNER, Elsham Hall Gar-
dens. Brigg, Lincolnshire.

OURNEYMAN.— Age 20 ; four years" experi- •
ence both Inside and Out. Bothy preferred in a
Gentleman's Garden. Good charact«r.—A. PLEASANTS, The
Gardens, Enderby Hall, near Leicester.

JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER, in a good
establishment. — Age 21 ; four years' experience. Can be
well recommended.-W. AUSTEN, The Gardens, Newlands
Park, Sydenham, S.E.

IMPROVER.— Age 18; five years' practice in
Flower And Kitchen Garden and Glass Department. — Apply
S. A. JAJIES, Coed Coch, Abergele. N. Wales.

IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 20; live years' experience. Good
character.- G. PIKE, 2S», Brailstord Road, Tulse Hill, Brixton,
London, S.W.

P PR ENTICE.— A Gardener wishes to

Apprentice a Boy (age lis) in a large establishment

for three years. £5 premium will be paid.— GARDENER,

Mr. Cutbush, Newsagent, High Street, Highgate, London, N.

'■po HEAD GARDENERS and Others.—

JL Advertiser, a Head Gardener out of situation, would
gladly assist a Gardener till he obtains a berth. Age 33 ; nine-
teen years' experience.— W. EDWARDS, 3, Terrace, Parson's
Green, FUlham.

O NURSERYMEN and MARKET

GROWERS.— Wanted, by a young man (age 22), an
engagement. Experienced in Soft-wooded Propagation ; well
up in Fern Growing. &c. Good character. Can be well
recommended.— R. D. LAWRENCE, Koyal Nurseries, Merriott,
Somerset.

'■pO NURSERYMEN and GENTLEMEN.—

X Wanted by a young man (age 19) a situation in a
Market Nursery or Gentleman's Garden. Three years' ex-
perience. Good character from presentand previousemployera.
— T. KEMP, Ivy Cottage, Nursery Road, Sunbury.

'TX) NOBLEMEN lild GENTLEMEN.—

X Wanted, by a young man (age 22), a situation in the
Houses, iu a private establishment. Understands Plants,
Vines, Tomatos, &c. Good reference. — H.. Gtndtners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

<Y0 GARDENERS, &c,— A young man

-L (age 20) requires situation in Houses. Has had hve years
in and outdoor experience.— PITTS, 6, Ivy Terrace, Baddow
Road, Chelmsford, Essex.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, and could occasionally Travel.— .
Age 26 ; eleven years' experience. Good reference. —
G. READ, Ombersley Road, Worcester.

SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 21^ ;
five years' experience. Good Counter Hand. Good
references.- A. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; six years'
experience in all branches of the Trade. First-clasa
references.— J. H., R. B. Laird & Sens, Edinburgh.

SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 22 ; nine years'
experience. First-class Counterman. Good references.
Abstainer. —WILLIAMS. 3. Sandilands Road. Wandsworth
Bridge Road, Fulham, S.W.

SHOKTHAND WRITER and EOOK-
KEEPER.— Age23; in order to gain experience, would
accept small remuneration; hnowledge of Plants. References.
Abstainer.— T., The Gardens, Whiteahaw, Denholme, Bradford.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS. — With darkening
days and changing temperatures, the digestion becomes
impaired, the liver disordered, and the mind despondent,
unless the cause of the irregularity be expelled from the blood
and body by such an alterative as these Pills. They directly
attack the source of the evil, thrust out alt impurftiesfrom the
circulation.restorethedistemperedorganstotheir natural state,
and correct all defective or contaminated secretions. Such an easy
means of institutingheaUh. strength. andcheerfulness should be
applied by all whose stomachs are weak, whose minds are much
harassed, or whose brains are over- worked. Holloway's is essenti-
ally a blood tempering medicine, whereby its influence reaches
the remotest fibre of the frame, and effects a universal good.

608 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [November 12. ISS?.

FOSTER & PEARSON,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

BEESTON, NOTTS.

WE BEC TO COMMEND THE FOLLOWING LIST OF AWARDS TO THOSE FEW
WHO STILL CARE TO HAVE THE BEST MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP IN
HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS :—

Silver Medal (London, 1879) for Patent Valve.

Silver Medal (London, 1880) for Frame.

Silver Medal— First Prize (London, 1881) for Best Greenhouse ; 16 competitors.

Gold Medal— First Prize (Liverpool, 1881) for Best Greenhouse ; 4 competitors.

Silver Medal — First Prize (Great Fruit Show, Manchester, 1881} for Best Greenhouse ;

10 competitors.
Silver Medal— First Prize (London, 1882) for Best Greenhouse ; 10 competitors.
Silver Medal— First Prize (Loudon, 1882) for Best Frame ; 7 competitors.
Silver Medal— First Prize (London, 1883) for Best Greenhouse.
Silver Medal -First Prize (London, 1883) for Best Frame.
Gold Medal— First Prize (Ghent, 1883) for Best Greenhouse, heated.
Gold Medal— Second Prize (Ghent, 1883) for Greenhouse.
Silver Medal— First Prize (Ghent, 1883) for Frame.
Highest Diploma of Honour (Amsterdam, 1883) for Greenhouses.
Silver Medal— Inventions Exhibition (London, 1885) for Greenhouse.
Gold Medal— First Prize (Liverpool, 1885) for Greenhouse.
Gold Medal— First Prize (E.H.S. Liverpool, 1886), Best General Collection.
Silver Medal— First Prize (R.H.S. Liverpool, 1886), Best Greenhouse ; 11 competitors.
Silver Medal— First Prize (R.H.S. Liverpool, 1886), Best Frame ; 10 competitors.
Silver Medal— First Prize (E.H.S. Liverpool, 1886), Best Hot-water Pipes ; 10 competitors.

Plans and Estimates for all descriptions of Stove Houses, Orchid Houses, Fruit Houses, Conservatories, Sfc.
Catalogues \s. each. Price Lists of Frames, ^e., on application.

ESTABLISHED 1841

Biitorial CommuQicationa should be addressed to " The Editor; " AdvertisemeDf-s and Business Letters to "The Publisher,"
Printed by WlLUiM KlcHAJlDS, at the O (Bee of Messrs. Bradbuht, Aonew & Co.. Lombard SUeet, Precinct ol Whit«friai
•aid WIUOAM fUciujU)!!, at the Office, 41, Weliingtou Street, Faruih of St. taul's. Caveat Oarden, ta the said Oouuty.— ^JxluasAY, Kgrember 12, liij. Ageut for Manchester— Jo'jiK ]l£rvraas.

Established i84i

No. 47.— YoL. II. {s^HHiKs.} SATURDAY, NOYEMBER 19, 1887.

[Regt. as a Newspaper./ P^'^E 3d-»

t Post-free, 3^.

CONTENTS.

Apple and Pear Congress

Honey, poisonous

at Harpeudeu

tlliti

Ipomoea rubro-cuerulca.,.

Bee-keeping, old-fash-

Kitchen garden, mauage-

ioned

ti'>W

mentof

Sotanieal Magazine

61i0

Leaves coloured

Bournemouth, vegeta-

Lilium speciosum album

tion at

«2«

verum .

Bute. Marquis of, vine-

Mandevilla suaveolena ...

yard

«2H

Natal

CaaUe Coch, Cardiff,

Nepenthes at Kew

vineyard

628

Oncidium Papilio

Ceylon, Sacred Bo-tree

Orchid nomenclature ...

mi

,, notes

Chrysanthemuma, pe-

Palms, West Indian

rennial „.

m)

Paris Exhibition

Colonial not^s

H29

Patchouly

Comferse, planting and

Peas, old and new

renovating

ti'>H

Plants and their culture

Continental novelties ...

628

Polystachya grandiflora .

Dendrobmni Hookena-

Primroses, exhibiting ...

num

6lti

Epidendrum stenopeta-

Scotland

lum

61H

Societies :—

Euonymua europteus

ti2H

Bath

Exhibitors' cards

(>:«)

Brighton and Hove ...

FloTa Exotica

(ilW

Cheshunt

Florists' flowers, culture

Chiswick

of

62;{

Derby

Flower garden, culture of

ti2;i

Devon and Exeter

Foreign correspondence .

ti;i;i

Huddersfield

Forestry

622

Newport

Fruit trees in pots, cul-

Portsmouth

ture of

630

Royal Horticultural ...

Fruits under glass, cul-

St. Neofs

ture of

fi'^;i

Watford

Gardening appointments

638

Straw plait

Gladiolus, studies on the

619

Trees and Agriculture ...

Grafting the Vine, effects

Trees and shrubs

of

620

Truffle culture

Gustavia pterocarpa

6iy

Vine, precocious shoot of

Hardy fruit garden, cul-

Water Lily, monstrous .

6:i3

Water plants in reser-

Herbaceous plants, cul-

voirs

Illustrations.

Aster Triumph

Oncidium Papilio, proliferous spike of

Sabal Palm in Jamaica

„ ,, in Trinidad

Vine, precocious shoot of

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances lohatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

T IVERPOOL HOKTICULTURAL

-Li ASSOCIATION.

POSTPONEMENT OF SHOW.

The EIGHTH GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUIT
SHOW wiU be held in St. George's Hall, on NOVEMBER 29
and 30.

The following Special Prizes are offered for competition : — A
Silver-plated Tea Service, presented by Messrs. J. Williams &
Co., Manure Manufacturers, 62. Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, for
48 Cut Blooms of Chrysanthemums.

The Veitch Memorial Medal and Five Pounds, for 36 Cut
Blooms. Entries Close November 22.

The SPRING SHOW wil" be held on MARCH 21, 1888.
Schedules on application to

EDWARD BRIDGE, Secretary.

3, Cedar Terrace, Tarbock Road, Huyton.

ILIUM A U R A T U M.

The Finest Imported Bulbs.

Selected Bulbs of this charming hardy LILY are obtainable
at the following low prices, direct from the Importers, plump
and sound as English-grown Roots: —
Price 5s., 8s., 105., 15s., 20s., and 25s. per dozen, Carriage Free.

The finest samples that have reached England this season.
Trade price per case of 50 and 100 on application.

CARTERS', Seedsmen byRoyal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 237 and 268, High Holbom,
London, W.C.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of GARDEN SEEDS, will be pleased to send Special
Offers of same oo application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

GARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good
colour, showing flower-bud, and absolutely clean, iu
5 and 6-inch pots, 21s, to 30s. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH and CO.. Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

FOR SALE, Eighteen Half - Specimen
AZALEAS — healthy, and different varieties.
Can be seen at Stoke Place Gardens, near Slough, Bucks, on
application to C. GILBERT, Gardener.

TUBEROSES.— AVe have now in stock a mag-
nificeot sample of Double African Tuberoses, which we
can offer at a very low price, which we will quote with sample
on application.

Our consignments of AMERICAN PEARLS will arrive at the

usual time; we are now booking orders. Price on application.

HURST AND SON, 152, Houndsditch, E.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new and old varieties.

FRUIT TREES.— Well-ripened Clean Trees,
Tvell rooted and Rafted on best stocks. All best sorts of
APPLES, PEAKS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES. Standards and
Pyramids, Trained. APRICOTS, NECTARINES, and
PEACHES, Trained. Standard and Dnarf ROSES, all the
finest sorts. Fruit Trees in pota. CATALOGUES Gratis.
JOHN LAINQ AND SONS, Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

To the Trade.

SEED POT ATOS.

HAND F, SHARPE will be pleased to make
• special offers of their carefully selected stocks of
SEED POTATOS, raised on their own farms expressly for seed
purposes. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

BroocoU Seed— Crop 1887.

FOR SALE, a quantity of Gordon's Cele-
brated NIDDRIE LATE WHITE, true stock.— Price on
application to P. GEMMELL, Jun., Market Gardens, The
Crooks, Murrayfield, Edinburgh.

Turf— Turf— Turf.

FOR SALE, 10 Acres of First-class TURF.
To be sold on the ground, or delivered to any part, or
put on rails. Lowest terms for cash. Apply to
JAMES CRAKER, Contractor, 20, Woodbine Grove, Penge, S,E.

The New Raspberry,

LORD B E A C O N S F I E L D.
(A Seedling.)
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. Firat-
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canea, £3 per 100 ; 95. per dozen. Smaller Canes, 6s.
per dozen.

Trade supplied. Cash with order.

A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen. Hungerford.

MUSCATS— MUSCATS— Gros Colmar, Gros
Maroc, AJicantea, &.C. ; also Marie Louise PEARS.
Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and well
packed Fruit of the above.

WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity

Chrysanthemums- Chrysanttiemums.

WANTED, above, in quantity ; also
EUCHARIS, ORCHIDS, and every description of
choice CUT BLOOM, Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash.
Empties free.— WISE and RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C.

WANTED, Large Specimens of PALMS,
such as SEAFORTHIAS. KENTIAS, ARECAS, CORY-
PHAS, LATANIAS, &c. State lowest ca-sh price to

W. WEEKS, Nurseryman, 410, Fulham Boad, S.W.

SUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,
containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratis and post-free to
intending purchasers.
SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

73OSES— ROSES— ROSES, cheaper than ever.

AV 60,000 Dwarf ROSES, only the best leading varieties,

and warranted true to name, from our well-known collection,

from 22s. per 100. £10 per 1000. Send tor sample dozen, 3s.

Terms cash. Send for a LIST.

A. J. AND C. ALLEN, Stone Hills Nursery, Norwich.

ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

bulbs, 4s., 6s., 9s., 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen; extra
strong, 30s. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

pHRYSANTHEMUMS,— Descriptive CATA-

\J LOGUE of 1000 new and old varieties considered worth
cultivation, with Cultural Directions, by E. Molyneux, written
specially for this Catalogue. Post-free four stamps.

ROBERT OWEN, Floral Nursery. Maidenhead.

HRYSANTHEMQMS.-A choice Collection

for sale. May be seen any day. If desired they can be
grown on for cut blooms. Close to the station, at
Messrs. HUDSON'S Garden, Cambridge.

ARR'S SELECTED BULBS

have gained many Medals and Prizes 1 Prices moderate I
Quality unsurpassed 1 Full descriptive Catalogue free on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Gbowees,

Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCILLE (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per luOO.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

OSES I ROSES ! ! ROSES I ! !— The best

and cheapest in the world ; 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s.,
purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. Catalogues free on
application. Ten acres of Roses ; 100,000 grand plants to select
from. Plant now.— JAMES WALTERS. Rose Grower, Exeter

AIDENHAIR FERN, 6s. ^r dozen

bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TDDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames.

Natal, South AMca.

BULBS, TUBERS, ROUTS.— A Wholesale
CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ADLAM, Maritzburg, Natal.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chamferops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

rr"H R I S T M A ~

KJ The true Bath ^

Strong clumps to produce ten to twenty blooms each, 20»,
per dozen, packing included. Cash with order.

THOS. KITLEY, Oldfield Nursery, Bath.

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HERBERT TITE begs to offer PTERIS
TREMULA, in thumbs, for growing on, good strong stuff ,
packed and put on rail in London, £6 per 1000. Also strong
Forcing SEAKALE : price on application.

The Nurseries, Hampton-on-Thames, Middlesex.

M

ROSES.

LIVE PLANTS for the Continent and all
parts abroad, should be sent per "PITT and SCOTT'S
EXPRESS," 23, Cannon Street, London. E.C. Printed Instruc-
tions and Rates, and particulars of Foreign Regulations, sent
post-free. Agencies throughout the World.

To ORCHID GROWERS.— A fresh cutting
of pure ORCHID PEAT now on Sale.— Apply for sample
and price to THE PEAT ASSOCIATION {Thomas Park, Agent),
68, Hartfield Road, Wimbledon, S.W.

610

THE GARDENERS' CHRONJCLE.

[NOVEMBEE 19, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Every Monday, TTiursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULIiS. — GREAT UNRESEEVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEKOE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Kooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, London. E.C.. every MONDAY, THUKS-
DAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely,
extensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in excellent
quality, lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, DECO-
RATIVE PALMS, EXOTIC FERNS, HARDY EVER-
GREENS, FRUIT TREES, clean-grown Standard and
Dwarf ROSES, and a fine assortment of DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION at the City Auction
Booms, 33 and 39, Graoechurch Street, London, E.C., on
TUESDAY NEXT, November 22, at halt-poat 12 o'clock.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.,
and Leytoustone.

Tuesday Next.

ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM.

ODONTOGLOSSU.M VEXILLARIUM.
ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO PUKPUREUM.
Important to LARGE BUYERS and tlie TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
, instructed by ilr. J. Charlesworth, of Heatou. Bradford,
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.G., on TUESDAY, NEXT, November 22,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a really splendid consignment
of ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM, containing many large
pieces, well-leaved, and with good sound breaks. The plants
have been carefully packed, and great care bestowed on them.

The ODONTOGLOSSU.'H VEXILLARIUM are reported by
the collector to have a large proportion of highly coloured
varieties amongst them.

ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO PUKPUREUM, in masses sel-
dom met with.

The Sale will also contain strong plants of CYPRIPEDItTM
SCHLL\ni, a Maxillaria, believed to be new with white
flowers ; ONCIDIU.M. in the way of Cheiorophorum, very Ho-
riferous; semi-established plants of EPIDENDRUM WALLE-
SII. &c. ; together with about 280 CATTLEY'A TRIAN.B,
and other property received direct.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

M

SALE, the land being required for Building purposes.

fESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

are

instructed by W. HALE, Esq., to SELL by AUCTION.
on the Premises, VValen Lane, Willesden Green, N.W., on
TUESDAY NEXT, November 22, at 1 o'Clock precisely, without
reserve, the erection of a timber-built COTT.iGE, containing
eight rooms, span-roof GREENHOUSE. Piping and Brickwork,
several capital Sheds, Fowl House, Slate Cistern, four two-
light Pits, FRUIT TREES, TIMBER TREES, and other effects.
On view the day prior to St\le. Catalogues had of the
Gardener on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S,
Cheapside. E.C.

' ' Wednesday Next.

LILIES and N.VRCISSUS.
EXTENSIVE SALE, comprising 5000 splendid Bulbs of
LIHUJI AURATU.M, from Japan, ."iOOO NARCISSUS of
sorts, and splendid Bulbs of English-grown LILIES in
variety. Double TUBEROSES from South Africa, CAMEL-
LIAS, AZALEAS and PALMS from Belgium, GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, FERNS, LILY of the VALLEY, SPI-
B.EAS, and an assortment of other Plants and Bulbs.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on WED-
NKSD.iY NEXT, November 23, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

■Wednesday Next.
5000 LILIUM AURATU.M. splendid bulbs.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include the above in their SALE on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, November 23.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

GRAND I.MPORTATION,
ODONTOGLOSSU.M HAKRY'ANUM.
CATTLEYA ■WARNERII.
ODONTOGLOSSUM, probably new.
New Purpl..-flowered UTRICULAMA,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, Loudon. E.C,
on FRIDAY NEXT, November 25, at half-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, a specially gr.and importation of the new and splendid
ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM; among this consignment
will be found masses of enormous size and in wonderful health ;
the old flowei^spikes show a decided tendency to branch, and
are in many instances simply prodigious.

The Sale will also contain a plant of the new ODONTO-
GLOSSU.M SCHRODERIANUM, one of tlie most beautiful
•pecies yet discovered. Professor Relchenbach calls it " an
nmisually stately plant, the sepals and petals are bright
cinnamon-coloured, with whitish-yellow transverse markings,
and nearly white tips ; the labellum is white and purple, the
colouring bein^ very conspicuous and ornate." The Sale will
include a specially fine lot of CATTLEYA WARNERII, em-
bracing masses of unusual size with broad and healthy foliage.
A fine lot of ONCIDIU.M MARSHALLIANUM, O. TRULLI-
FERUM. O. PHYMATOCNILUM, COLAX JUGOSUS, COM-
PARETTLA MACROPLECTRON, ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXIL-
LARIUM, and many other choice ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Stratford.

ABSOLUTE CLEARANCE SALE by order of the Great

Eastern Railway.

TO FLORISTS and OTHERS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the
Nursery, Temple Mills Lane, Stratford, E., a few minutes'
walk from the Stratford and Lcyton Stations, on TUESDAY'.
November 29, at 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve, the
whole of the GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising 22,000
Geraniums, sorts ; 300O Mesembryanthemums, 1000 Clove Car-
nations, 50 specimen Thuyas, 500 Maidenliair and other Ferns,
large Camellias and Azaleas, 1500 Fuchsias. 500 Chrysanthe-
mums, 100 Vines in pots, and other stock.

On view the Saturday and Monday prior to the Sale. Cata-
logues had on the Premises, at the Land Agent's office, Liver-
pool Street Station, E.C, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.G., and Xeytonstone.

N.B. — The Nursery, comprising 1 acre of ground, 12 Green-
houses, Dwelling-housei &c., TO BE LET, on mlvautageous
terms. Apply to tlie Auctioneers.

Orchids in Flower.-Novemtoer 29.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire
to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of OR-
CHIDS m FLOWER, will take place as above, for which they
will be glad to RECEIVE NOTICE of ENTKIES not later than
WEDNESDAY NEXT.

67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Wolverhampton.

IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of SPECIMEN STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS at Low Hill. Bushbury,
2 miles from Wolverhampton, and close to Bushbury Junc-
tion Station, London and North-Western Railway.

ATESSRS. HEATH and SON have received

-i.T_L instructions from H. Lovatt, Esq., who is giving up
exhibiting, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, all his
EXHIBITION PLANTS, comprising specimen Crotous. Alla-
mandas. Anthurium.s, with 20 growths; Dipladenias, Stepha-
notis, Encharis. in 18-inch pots; Ericas, and Indian Azaleas,
Latjinia borborica, Kentia Fosteriana, with 14 fine leaves ;
CocosWeddelliana, 30 leaves; Lapageria alba, 5 by 5 feet; large
pots of best named Caladiums ; 24 splendid specimen Camellias,
6 to 16 feet high ; also Exotic Ferns in variety.

Plants will be on view any day prior to Sale. Catalogues
may be had from Head Gardener, Mr. RAFFILL, Low llill,
Bushbury. Wolverhampton ; orof the Auctioneers, Cheltenham.

Bulbs— Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR. J. C, STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms, 38, KingStreet, Covent Garden. W.C,
every MONDAY. WEDNESDAY', and SATURDAY, First-olass
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers. .

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Bagshot, Surrey.
IMPORTANT SALE of THOUSANDS of FRUIT TREES,
HOLLIES, LAURELS, CONIFERS, RHODODENDRONS,
AZALEAS, and a general assortment of H.ARDY SHRUBS,
and TREES.

IITR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruo-

1»-L tions from Mr. Charles Noble, to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, as above, situated half a mile from Sunningdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, TUESDAY", and WEDNESDAY",

November 21, 22, and 23;

MONDAY', TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY',

December 5, 6, and 7 :

at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day.

May be viewed, one week prior to Sale, and Catalogues had

■Wednesday and Saturday Next.

Choice named Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES
of sorts. SHRUBS, BORDER PLANTS, LILIUMS. SPI-
R.EAS, LILY OF THE VALLEY Crowns, DIELYTRAS, &c.

MR. J. 0. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38,
King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY and
SATURDAY NEXT, November 23 and 26, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely each day.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7553.)

60OO Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATU.M, just received from

Japan in the finest possible condition.

MR. J. 0. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Kooms, 33
King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY' NEXT,
November 24, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view raorniug of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7563.)

CYPRIPEDIU.M SANDERIANU.M with flower-spikea
produced in this country.

MR. J. C. STJEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, November 24, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, in consequence of the severity of the
weather having prevented the Sale on Wednesday last, a
grand lot of healthy plants of CYPRIPEDIUM SANDERIA-
NU.M, eighteen of which are furnished with fine strong spikes,
and will shortly produce several flowers each. Also fine
healthy plants of ANGR.EOUM CITRATU.M and A. SESOUI-

Thursday Next —(Sale No. 7663.)
I.MPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, November 24, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a splendid importation of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM CRISPUM, the best type ; O. VEXILLARIUM O
RAMOSSISSIMUM, and other Odontoglots ; ANGULOA
RUCKEKI, ONCIDIUMS, in variety, &c., from Messrs.
Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.; also a fine lot of LiELIA PUR-
PURATA, SOPHKONITES GRANDIFLORA, long-bulbed
variety ; ODONTOGLOSSUMS, and ADAS, &c.. from Mr G
T. White.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday, November 24.

TREE AND OTHER IKliXS, &c.

MR. J. C. .STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from the Agents General of the New Zealand and
Victorian Governments, to SELL by AUCTION, at the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, on THURSDAY.
November 24. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the remaining
FERNS and other PLANTS from the Colonial Exhibition, com-
prising Dicksonias, Cyatheas, Alsophilas, Todeas, T'richo-
manes, Hymenophyllums, Aspleniums, Cycads. and other
Plants.
Auction Rooms and Offices. 38, KingStreet, Covent Garden,W.C.

WANTED TO LEASE, a SMALL NUR-
SERY, chiefly Glass, for Plant and Flower Growing,
within easy distance of good market town. Midland Counties
preferred.

Apply, S. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, W'ellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

Furnishing Business.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have
been favoured with instructions to DISPOSE OF one of
the principal FURNISHING BUSINESSES in London.

Full particulars aud terms on application at 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.C.

OR SALE, a SMALL NURSERY, SEED,

and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, in first-rate locality; good
Jobbing connection. Price low to immediate purchaser.
Apply to F. R. BRUCE, Uxbridge Road. Ealing Dean.

To Gardeners and Nurserymen.

TO BE LET or SOLD, MARKHOUSE
NURSERY, in consequence of the death of the late
proprietor. — For particulars, apply to Mrs. CASEY, Common
Gate, Markhouse Road, Walthamstow, Essex.

To Florists.

TO LET, on Lease, y. Park Villas, dose to
Chad well Heath Station, six rooms, large Garden with Four
Glasshouses, 112 by 12 ; stocked. As I have it left on my haniU.
I will let to good tenant. Give Stock aud Goodwill. Rent £4li.
Further particulars Hampden House, near Romford.

0 LET, a MARKET GARDEN of 49 acres

and capital house, close to Enfield Station, G.E.R.
Apply to REYNOLDS AXD EASON, Auctioneers and Estate
Agents, 43. Bishopagate Street Without, E.C.

O BE LET, with Immediate Possession,

owing to ill-health, a SMALL MARKET NURSERY

situate London, N.W., comprising 6-roomed Cottage, 9 Houses,

half an acre of Ground, Stabling, &c. Incoming by valuation

or arrangement. Rent low.

Apply, A. Z., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C

Cradley, near Malvern. ,

TO BE LET, RIDGWAY HOUSE, with
Cottage, Outbuildings, Gardens, and Orchard, in all
over 2 acres; also long ranges of Hothouses, including Peach-
house find Vineries, each 150 feet long; Tomato and Fig-
houses, Forcing Pits, &c. The Soil Of this locality is specially
adapted for the Growing of Grapes aud Stone Fruit. Early
possessiou may be had.

For further particulars, apply to Messrs. CORSER AND
WALKER. Solicitors ; or to GATES, PERRENS AND WOOLU-
RIDGE, Land Agents, all of Stourbridge.

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, HoRTictrL-
TURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton-
atone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

ORCHIDS.

A II immense Stock.
Thousands Showing for Bloom.

NEW CATALOGUE

OF

ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

Free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

''PHE IRREPRESSIBLE BRAMBLE,

X wrLSO.N, JUNR.— We have a tine stock at Glenfield, of
home-grown Plants, at 6s. per dozen, cash with order, carriage
and packing free. Tlie indications are tliat all will be wanted,
and more; these are certain to grow and do well. If we are
compelled to import, we shall quote at Buyer's risk. RASP-
BERRIES a specialty.

CATALOGUE of Choice Novelties in these and other fruita
gratis and post-free.

VICCARS COLLYER and CO.. Central Hall, Leicester.

To the Trade.

Home-grown VEGETAHLE and FIELD SEEDS.

HAND F, SHARPE are now prepared to
• make special offers of their fine selected stocks of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they hare
harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very
advantageous to purchasers.

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

NOTEMBEB 19, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

611

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SXrBSCRIPTIONS

RECEIVED BY

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London, W.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Partnership hitherto subsistint; between us, the
undersigned. ROBERT BLACK akd WILLIAM DUGGLEBY,
carrying on business of Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen,
at Maltou and Scarborough, in the County of York, under the
style or firm of BlaoK & Duggleby, has been DISSOLVED by
mutual consent, as from the Eleventh day of November, 1887.

ALL DEBTS due to and owing by the said late firm will be
Received and Paid by the said Robert Black.
Dated this Eleventh day of November, 1887.
R. BLACK.

WILLIAM DUGGLEBY.
Witness to the signature of the said Robert Black,

J. M. RICHARDSON, Solicitor, Malton.
Witness to the signature of the said William Duggleby,

LUKE WHITE, Solicitor, Dritfield.

With reference to the above, Mr. Black thanks his Custo-
mers for the previous support given to his firm in the past, and
has pleasure in intimating to his Customers and Friends that
he WILL CARRY ON THE BUSINESS of Seed Merchant, &c.,
as xisual, under the title of BLACK and CO., and truKts to
be favoured with increased support.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best
and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready. Is. 6rf. per dozen, 105. per 100; plants in January,
25. 6rf. per dozen, 16s. per 100. W. E.'s selection cheaper.
Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mons. Delaux's grand set
fai 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, 2 stamps.

WM. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans-
combe, Kent.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EVE KG KEEN HEDGES.

The three best Shrubs for forming Hedges :—
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet. 6s. per dozen, 30s. per 100.
Y'EWS, English, 3 to 2^ feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100; 2^ to
3 feet. 10s. per dozen, 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, ISs. per
dozen, 130s. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, 1^ to 2 feet, 5s. per dozen, 30s. per 100; 2 to
S^feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100; 2^ to 3 feet, 125. per
dozen. 75s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS AXD SON, Billing Road Nurseries.
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address—" QUICK." NORTHAMPTON.

PALM S, — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Phcenix recUnata,
12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans. Phoenix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high, Is. %d. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegang, Latania borbonica, Phoenix reclinata,
Enterpe edulis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15j.
per pair.

GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London. N.

AEGE SHRUES. — American Arbor-vita,

2 to 2i feet, 165. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, 20s. per 100.
Aucuba japonica, 1^ to 2 feet. 30s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2^ feet.
40s. per 100. Berberis aquifolia, 1 to Ij foot, 50s. per 1000.
Box Trees, 3 feet, 20s. per 100. Grislinia litoralis. 1^ foot, 30s.
per 100. Laurel, Common, 2 to 2^ feet. 10s. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal, IJ to 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Laurel, Colchic. Ij to 2
feet, 10s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 100 ; ditto. 3 to 4
feet, 20s. per 100. Laurel, caucasicum, 2 to 3 feet, extra, 20s.
per 100. Rhododendron ponticum, 1 foot bushes, 20s. per 100 ;
ditto. 1^ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; ditto 2 to 2J feet, 40s. per 100 ;
dittSo, to 3^ feet, 70s. per 100. White and other colours, strong
and bushy, 70s. per 100. English Yews, 2 feet, 26s. per 100. Abies
Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet, 3os. per 100 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 45s. per
100. Araucaria imbricata, 1^ to 2 feet, 24s. per dozen ; ditto,
2 to 2| feet. 36s. per dozen ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, 50s. per dozen.
Cupressus macrocarpa, 2 to 3 feet, 50s. per 100. Cupressus
Lawsoni, 2 to 3 feet, 25s. per 100. Cupressus erecta viridis.
2 to 24 feet, 35s. per 100. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 feet, 35s. per
100 ; ditto, 3 to 3J feet, 18s. per dozen. Retinospora plumosa,
IJ foot, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2} feet, 30s. per 100. Retino-
spora plumosa aurea, 1 to 1^ foot, 50s. per 100. Retinospora
Bquarrosa, 12 to 18 inches, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2| feet, 50s.
per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 2 to 2* feet, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 4 to 5
feet, 12s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2 to 2^ feet, 50s. per
100. Thuia dolabrata, 1^ to 2 feet, 18s. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 3
feet, 80s. per dozen.

GABLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

_ Special Offer.

pHARLES SHAKFE and CO., Sleaford,

V^ having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of SWEDES, TURNIPS, MAKGELS. and other AGRI-
CULTURAL SEEDS, will be pleased to send special offers of
same on application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

^TRAWBERRY PLANTS, extra fine. —

O Sir J. Paxton, Dr. Hogg, and President, 2s. per 100,

ISs. per 1000.
GOOSEBERRIES, three loading varieties, 8s. per 100.
CURRANTS. Red and Black, fine, 6?. per 100.
BOX, three varieties, good pot stuff, 15 to 18 inches, 12s.

per 100.
QUICK, extra strong, 4 years, 13s. per 1000.
WALLFLOWERS, Belvoir Castle and Harbinger, strong and

bushy, transplanted, 2s. per 100.
DAISIES. The Bride, strong. 4s. per 100,
MYOSOTIS. transplanted, 2s. per 100.
SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, strong. 2s. per 100.
PANSIES, bedding, blue, white and yellow, 6s. per 100.
PRI.MROSE. single lilac, strong, 6s. per 100.

WILLIAM BALL, Bedford Road Nurseries, Northampton.

B U L B S.

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
■WOBCESTEB.

(Harclily- Cjrro-Him) ^

FRUIT TREES.

NEW CATALOGUE (NO. 339) POST FREE.

VERY EXTENSIVE & SUPERIOR STOCK.

^•AU the Most Desirable

Varieties in Cultivation.

Haedier, THUS SUCCEEDING mucTibeMer THAN Trees
Grown in Warm & Sheltered parts op ENGiiAUD,

Sjl Sealed gtonal gtJairva^.

"James Dickson & Sons"

"NEWTON" Nurseries,

Clxestex*.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from I83. to 36s, per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

eilTTR

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

.1 HHEAL^RONS

iJiM Crawley, %J Sussex.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHEOOM SPAWN.
— Too well kiio\'ra to require descrijn
tiOQ. Price, (is. per bushel (l5. extra
per bushel for package), or 6rf. per
cake ; free by parcel post, l5.

None Kenuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with OUT signature attached.
WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
((Limited). Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurseriea, N.

ROSES and FRUIT TREES.
ROSES, Dwarf H.P., all the best varieties, our selection,
63s. per 100, 6u for 20s., 12 sent tree by post for 8s.
ROSES, Dwarf Tea, from open (fround, including GJoire de Dijon.
Marechal Niel, and other good varieties, 95. per dozen.
APPLE TREES, Standards for Orchards, 18s. and 21s. per dor.
,, ,, Bushes, 6s. per dozen, 4JSs. per 100.
,, ,, Pyramids. 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen.
FRUIT TREES. 12 a.l30rted Dwarf-trained, 30s. per dozen.
APPLE and PEAR TREES, 12 assorted Pyramid, 18s. per doz.
CURRANT TREES, assorted, Black, Red, andWhite. 2s.6ii.per

dozen. 18s. per 100.
OOOSEBERRIES, Warrington and other best named sorts,

2s. &d. per dozen, 18s. per 100.
VINES, strong planting Canes, Black Hamburgh and Muscat
of Alexandria, and others. 4s. each.
Terms cash. CATALOGUES on application.
GARAWAY AMD CO.. Durdham Down, Clifton, Bristol.

CREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,

18s. per 1000. Ash, IJ to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000; ditto,
2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech, 1} to 2 feet. 14s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 18s. per 1000. Birch, 1 to Ij foot, 18s. per
1000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Elm,
U to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000;
ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, 1 J to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. 6rf. per
1000 ; ditto. 4 to 5 feet, 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to IJ foot.
8s, per 1000 ; ditto, IJ to2 feet, 10s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 2j feet,
12s. per 1000. Scotch Fir, 1} to 2 feet, I2s. per 1000. Oak, IJ to
2 feet. 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000. Pinus
anstriaca, 2 years transplanted, fine, 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet,
2 to 2J feet, 26s. per 1000 ; ditto, 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore,
1' to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000.
Thorns. 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. IJ to 2 feet, 15s. per
1000; ditto, 2 to 2i feet, 17s. M. per 1000. Special otters for
extra quantities.

GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer.

To the Trade only.

WM. BAYLOR IIARTLAND offers to the
Trade SEEDS in limited quantity of the following ;
price on application : —
CARNATION, "WHITE ROSETTE," tor Market Growers.
The finest White, and most floriferous sort grown, and
deliciously " Clove-scented." Three plants presented with
quarter ounce orders for trial grounds.
PINK— the Clove-scented " Mrs. Sinkins."
PRI.MULA obconica— selected.
NARCISSUS corbularia conspicuns,

W.M. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old-established Garden Seed
Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

PRUIT TREES.

L 10,000 VICTORIA PLUMS.

6,000 GISBORN PLUMS.
5,000 PRINCE OF WALES PLUMS.
5,000 FAKLEIQH PROLIFIC DAMSONS.
20,000 of other good sorts.
20.000 PEARS, in 50 sorts.
40,000 APPLES, in 100 sorts.
Brompton, Brussels, and Common PLUM STOCKS,
strong, 2-yr. wood.
Strong trained Morello CHERRIES.
Price per 100 or 1000, on application to
FLETCHER BROS.. Ottershaw Nursery. Chertsey, Surrey.

To Gentlemen, Kurserymen, Builders, and Others

iiiteniUng planting Shrubs and Trees, &c., this Autumn.

ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call
attention to hia large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES.
LIMES, ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £5 and
upwards. An inspestiou solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.
The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

RHODODENDRONS, Hybrid, 18 inches to 2
feet, £5 to £6 per 100 ; PONTICUM, 18 inches to 2 feet,
£2 to £2 10s. per 100.
AZALEA PONTICUM, 12 to 18 inches, £2 to £3 IDs. per 100.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 3 to 4 feet, £2 to £2 10s. per 100 ;

2J to 3 feet, £1 15s. per 100.
COTONEASTER SYMONDSII, 4 feet, £1 Is. per 100.
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, £5 per 1000.
HOLLY. Green, 13 to 18 inches, £5 per 1000.
LAURELS. Colchicum, £1 Is. per 100.
PINUS AUSTRIACA, 2i to 3 feet, £1 ,5s. to £1 10s. per 100.
RICHARD MASON, Windlesham Nursery, Bagshot, Surrey.

8EAKALE for Forcing. — Superior selected
Crowns, 80s. per 1000 ; under 500, 9s. per 100. Orders to
be accompanied by cheque or Post-office Order. — ALFRED
ATWOOD. Grower, 61, ShiUington Street, Battersea, S.W.

CARNATIONS.

The most complete Collection, including all
the newest and best. SHOW Varieties, from
7s. 6rf. per dozen ; BORDER Varieties, from 6s.
per dozen.

The splendid New Variety, sent out by us,
"MRS. REYNOLDS HOLE," 24s. per dozen;
2s. 6rf. each.

Immense stock of "SIR WATKIN," the
finest of all the NARCISSI.

Priced CATALOGUES Post-free.

"James Dickson & Sons"

108 EASTGATB ST,
'NEWTON' N0BSEEIBS

}CHESTER.

612

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOTEMBEE 19, 1887.

TUESDAY NEXT—

ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM, 0. VEXILLARIUM, 0. LUTEO-PURPUREUM.

IMPORTANT TO LARGE BUYERS AND THE TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS are instructed by Mr. J. Charlesworth, of Heaton,

liradford, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Ilooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, November 22, at
half past 12 o'clock precisely, a really splendid consignment of ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM, containing many large pieces, well leaved,
and with good sound breaks. The plants have been carefully packed and great care bestowed on them.

The ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM are reported by the Collector to have a large proportion of highly coloured varieties amongst them.

ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO-PURPUREUM, in masses seldom met with.

The Sale will also contain strong plants of CYPRIPEDIUM SCHLIMII, a Maxillaria, believed to be new, with white flowers ; ONCIDIUM, in
the way of Cheiorophorum, very floriferous ; semi-established plants of EPIDENDRUM WALLISII, &o. ; together with about 200 CATTLEYA
TRIAN.3!, another property, received direct.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

C ANN ELL'S GRAND NEW JUBILEE
VARIETIES direct from China— the great
sensation of the London Shows. By far the
best new set ever sent out.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
Our Stock of both I'lants and Cuttings of the
entire family — above 1000 varieties — is now
ready in splendid condition for immediate
dispatch. Cannot fail to give satisfaction.
All warranted true, strong, clean, country-
grown, so very different from those raised
near smoky towns.
To confirm the certainty of our Cuttings and
Established Plants for exportation we simply
append the following : —

E. J. DOWLIXG. Esq.. Bank of New Zealand, Oamuru,

New Zealand, October 3. 1887.

The gentlemen for whom I ordered the plants wrote me tliat

the Chrysanthemums you sent them are alive, and they deaire

me to express their satislaction.

"SIDCUP TIMES," November 11. 1887.
C. E. SHEA. Esq., secured the First Prizes for forty-eight
•Tapanese and six Incurved Blooms in the open classes at the
(Jreat National Exhibition, Royal Aquarium, from a compara-
tively small stock supplied by Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley.

It is remarkable how well young beginners
succeed year by year with plants supplied by us.

Reduced Prices and Full Partlculaes see our
CHKYSANTHEMUM CATALOGUE, sent Post-free.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWEP-S.

SWANLEY, KENT.

Fruit Growers.

IMPORTANT.

AN IMMENSE STOCK OF

HARDY FRUIT TREES

in every form and variety — pronounced
by competent judges

"THE BEST In the Kingdom."
(See Reports Chiswick Conference, &c.)

FOR FLOWERS IN WINTER

See our advertisement last week of
FINELY BUDDED

RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS,

ROSES, CARNATIONS, &C.

Prices must moderate.
CATALOGUES on application.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEBSMEN,
CHE STE R.

Q(\ f\(\f\ CLEMATIS, in Tots, of

OV^VVV/ finest Double and Single Variet

all the

ietieg (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong planta, repotted into 6^inch pots, "is. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester.

SUTTON S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READlNC.

MAREGHAL NIEL ROSES!

NICE PLANTS, in 5-inch pots, 4 to 6 feet

long. Is. and Is Gd. each.
FINE PLANTS, in 7-inch pots, with 2 and 3

shoots, 10 to 12 feet long, 2s., 2s. 6f/., 3s.,

'Ss. 6d., and 5s. each.
MAGNIFICENT PLANTS, in 10-inch pots,

with 2 and 3 shoots, 12 to 15 feet long,

7s. 6d. and 10s. 6d. each.

T/ie above cannot be surpassed.

The Company have also a large and fine stock
of other CLIMBING ROSES in pots, and also
DWARF TEA ROSES, in pots, in great variety.

LIST with full part ieulars on application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

TEE VINEYAED & NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

jfOREST, jfRUIT

ii. ALL OTHER

X^REES & lp)LANTS.

^^l^'^'<>\

Descriptive Catalogues Post Free.

COAir/OITAICf

To the Trade.

GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, and
GL.tDIOLUS COLVILLII Alba (The Bride), all eitra
large roots, at very low prices. Apply to
Mr. P. VAN TIL, Jun.. Bulb Grower, HiUegom, Holland.

OMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.—

0 Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 405. per 100. Abies
Douglasii, 1 year, 20s. per 1000. Abie3orientali9,8to9 inch, 12*.
per 100. American Arbor-vitee, 10 to 12 inches. 50s. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni. 12 to 15 inches, 605. per 1000. Cupressua
erecta vlridia, 6 to 8 inches, 405. per 1000 ; ditto, 1 to 1^ foot,
extra, 10s. per 100. Cupressus stricta, 6 to 8 inches, 405. per
lUOO : ditto, 1 to IJ foot. 12s. per 100. Cedrus Deodara, 6 to 9
inches, tis. per 100; ditto, 12 inches, 125. per 100. Pinu8
insignis, 1 year. 4s. per 100. Pinus Cembra. 2 years, 10s. per
1000. Pinus Nordmanni, 3 years. 65. per 100. Pinus excelsa,

1 year. 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis, 1 year, 55. per 100.
Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches. 10s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa, 6 to 8 inches, 45. per 100 ; ditto. 10 inches, 8s. per
100. Thuia Lobbii. 10 to 15 inches, 405. per 1000. Thuiopsia
dolabrata, 6 to 8 inche.s, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 12 inches, fine, 125.
per 100. Yew. English, 8 to 9 inches. 65. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal, 8 to 9 inches, 65. per 100. Common Laurel. 12 to 14
inches, 35s. per 1000, Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inches,
50s. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 inches. ;J05. per 1000.

GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer.

FRUIT TREES a SPECIALTY.— True to
name. A large stock of all sorts— APPLES. CHERRIES,
CURRANTS, and GOOSEBERRIES (best also. Lancashire prize
sort3).verycheapinquantity for market purposes; APRICOTS,
NECTARINES. PEACHES, NUTS. PEARS. PLUMS, DAM-
SONS. RASPBERRIES, in all forms usually grown ; STRAW-
BERRIES, all the old standard, also the new sorts, by the 100
or 1000. or iu small pots. Winner 1st prize. Manchester ; 3nd,
Crystal Palace this year, for large collection APPLES, and
over fifty others within the last few years. Price List free.
Special quotations for quantities.

Descriptive LIST, with description of all sorts, and much
useful information, four stamps.

JOHN WATKINS, Fruit Tree Nurseryman, Pomona Farm,
Withington. Hereford.

DAFFODILS— DAEFODILS— DAFFODILS.
Sales limited to the month of November.
" When icicles hang by the wall.

And Dick the shepherd blows his nail,
And Tom bears logs into the hall.
And milk comes frozen home in pail,"
Its time POOR BULBS were in the soil.
Those left in shops will only spoil.
Parties wanting WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND'S DAFFO-
DILS have only to write for " ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK."
which is sent, Post-free, for 18 Stamps, and is favourably noticed.
Its duplicate, without illustrations, gratis to all applicants.
DAFFODIL SALES are CLOSED the END of NO\'EMBER.
His beat thanks are again given to the many numerous
Scotch and English Patrons that have so far sent him their

, 24. Patrick Street, Cork.

ijmiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiif

ITO pLANTERSi

I Stock Unique I
i & Unequalled, i

JNURSERIES over 200 ACRES|

i MOST MODERATE PRICES. I
I TRUCK LOADS Carriage Free. |

= CATALOGUES GRATIS. i

IF?'A.DIGKS0N^S0NS|

= THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN, =

I -CHESTER.- I

^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiriiiiic

NOVEMBEB 19, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

G13

FRIDAY NEXT.—

GRAND IMPORTATION.

ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM,
CATTLEYA WARNERII,
ODONTOGLOSSUM, probably new,
New Purple-flowered UTRICULARIA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION,

at their Central Sale "Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. ICC, on FRIDAY NEXT, November 25, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a
specially grand importation of the new and splendid ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM. Among this consignment wdl be found masses of
enormous size and in wonderful health; the old flower-spikes show a decided tendency to branch, and are in many instances simply prodigious.

The Sale will also contain a plant of the new ODONTOGLOSSUM SCHRODERIANUM, one of the most beautiful species yet disooverec.
Professor Reichenbach calls it " an unusually stately plant, the sepals and petals are bright cinnamon-coloured, with whitish-yellow transverse markings,
and nearly white tips ; the labellum is white and purple, the colouring being very conspicuous and ornate.

The Sale will include a specially fine lot of CATTLEYA WARNERII, embracing masses of unusual size, with broad and healthy foliage ; a fine
lot of ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM, O. TRULLIFERUM, 0. PHYMATOCNILUM, COLAX JUGOSUS, COMPARETTIA MACRO-
PLECTRON, ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, and many other CHOICE ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SNIITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, caU Special Attention to their

PATENT WROUGHT-IRON MUNICIPAL OR ANGULAR CHAMBERED AND TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others -with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BAB.S.

Olnni C Dnil rnO with waterway backs nn.t welded boilers, any ot which are specially adapted for Heating Greenhou«'a. Conservatorie-. Churchei. Chapels
uAUULt DUILtnO) schools. PubUc BuiWings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops. &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any eitant.

The Mi'XICIPAL and Tl'BVLAR onea are remarkable for t/ietr great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire trill burn without requiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE a SILVER MEDAL, at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881.

iiipffliiDniiiniii

[DffllllDilllllllll

HffiffiiH™'

-^

SECTIONAL PLAN.

The longitudinal section gives a

SIZES AND PRICES

SIBl
MB2
HB3
MB4
MBS

3 ft. 2 in. long by 2 ft. 0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep

4 0 ,, by 2 0 ,, by 2 0

5 0 „ by2 3 ,, by2 6

6 6 ,, by 3 O ,, by 3 0
8 6 „ by 4 0 ,, by 3 9

TESTIMONIALS

Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borongh Engi

Calculated to

heat 4-in. piping

as follows : —

, 1000 ft.

1280
^2200
/4000

Wooo

Price £15

,, 21

,, 32

,, 60

85

Messbs. THOS. green aitd SON, Ltd., NORTH STREET, LEEDS. Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borongh Engineer's OIBce, Municipal Buildings, Leeds, /onaary 9, 1886.

Gentlemen.— I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hot>-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.

The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28.000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from 1 J in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections. &c. The several
offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather.

Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consump-
tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer.

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November \^th, 1886.

Gentlemen, — The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 6.00O feet of 4-inch, pipe in one of my vineries, and I £
it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small t

1 quite

itbat

sumption of fuel.
Messks.. THOS. GREEN JUID SON, Ltd., LEEDS. ' " Yours faithfully. (Signed) Q. W. BASHFORD.

AND HTTNDBEPS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE QIVEN JF REQUIRED.

614

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

[KOVEMBEB 19, 1887.

J. GHARLESWORTH,

HEATON, BRADFORD,

ORCHID IMPORTER AND GROWER.

Large Stock of all Leading Sorts.
INSPECTION INVITED.

FOR FORCING.

AZALEAS, fine Ghent

,, mixed

,, PONTICA
ANDROMEDA FLOEIBUNDA
RHODODENDRONS, fine named>
SPIRiEA PALMATA

nt of ^•UKSERY STOCK.

ering many acres ; one outlying piece ot

ng cleared, and great bargains may be

FEUIT TREES, Trained Pyramids, Standards, &c.

800 yards from Sunningdale Station, S.W.
Railway, one hour from London.

CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT.

Three Days' Auction Sale this niotith.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK. In SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties, including
Descriptive "List of New, Eahe, and Choice Ferns,"
and " Hardy North American Ferns," free on application.

A general a
possible condit
several acres now being cleared,
obtained ~

Covered
with
Buds.

the finci

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

Reduced Prices to meet Depression.

DESCRIPTIVE C A T A L () G U E,
comprising fine transplanted FRUIT TREES. ROSES,
Hardv CLEMATIS. RHODODENDRONS. CONIFERS.
TREES and SHRUBS, CLIMBERS. FOREST TREES. &c.,
free on application to

GEO. JACKWIAN & SON,

WOKINti NURSERY. SURREY.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 4^. per 100. Plants in small pots. \&s. per 100;
ditto in large pots, 2ds. per 100. Descriptive LLST free.

RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stoclt is now offered for Sale.

The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES. SAWBRIDGWORTH, HERTS.

THE BEST CELERIES.

HARRISON'S EARLY ROSE. — The most excellent early
variety, blanches quickly, very solid, crisp, large size, and very
fine flavour. Per packet, \s. To the Trade, per dozen pkts., 65.

HARRISON'S LEICESTER RED.— Acknowledged to be the
best for general use. Pronounced by the Royal Horticultural
Society as the best in cultivation ; very solid and crisp, nutty
flavour, and very hardy. Per packet, Is. To the Trade, per
dozen packets, 6s.

PENGELLY WHITE.— The finest white variety, good size,
solid and crisp, splendid quality, very handsome. Per packet,
Is. To the Trade, per dozen packets, 65.

Each variety. Free by Post for 12 Stamps.

HARRISON & SONS, Seed Growers, LEICESTER.

G E N TJ I N E

RELIABLE.

JARMANS BULBS.

Collection No. 3, 1000 Choice ,Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, 21«. delivered free.
Largo niuBtrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(Registered),
OHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(Established 1804.)

ROSES (20 acres). ="^«^L''pe?V""°'

Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order.
STANDARDS. 15s. per dozen, or 100 free for 120s.

CDIIITC /7A norP<i\ S"='' varieties. Every form
rnUIIO Kl'r "Wes^;. ^^^ ^^^^ ^t tree at low
prices.

SHRUBS, &C. (91 acres.) %%^^V^^^,;

FLOWERING PLANTS (85. per dozen, 50i-. per 100;,
FOREST TREES.

^ for Conservatory
/ . Forcing, &c.,

ROSES IN POTS (S0,(

1.^5. to '6Qs. ppr dozen.

ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

4s. per dozen. l>5s. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).
O I n AWDLnnlbu, Forcing, 'l6s! to 25s. per 100.

PI CMATIC White to Dark Purple. Single and Double,
ULCIIIAIIO, 12s. to 24s. per dozen.

Famous Planting and Fovcimj Asparagus and SeaJcale.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an Immense amount of useful Information, free on application.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Roots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try William Clibran & Sox, who are probably in a
better position than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers these desirable conditions. Statements of this
class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way, a few facts as to the progress of our
business may be named.

Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; ove
covered with Gla.S3 and Buildings. Wages paid first year, about £250, to four men and a boy,
100 hands regularly employed. Rent then, dE36 ; now, near £800. Acreage at start, 6^ ; i

and extending on all sides.

acres of ground are now
w are £.5000 per annum
, 85, and still increasing

V/M. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BOWDON ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,
have the pleasure to offer General Stock as under: —

Fema— Fema— Fema.

FOR TABLE DECORATION.— Well-groMm. graceful plants,
full of foli-ige. in 5 inch pots, in all the best kinds for
standing, 9s. per dozen; pretty little plants for filling
Fancy Pots. 4s. per dozen ; the same in a great variety of
fancy pots, 9s. to 12s. per dozen. Very ornamental and

FERNS, IN VARIETY, for Conservatoriej! and planting out in
Ferneries, &c., 4s.. 6s., and 9s. per dozen.

Table Decorations.

PALMS. FICUS ELASTICA, ASPLDISTRAS, all grand plants
for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured; good
plants, fit for immediate effect, 18s., 24s., and 30s. per

SOLANUMS. full of beautiful berrie-s. 9s.. 12s.. and 18s. per
dozen. The finest Stock in the North of England.

Winter Flowers for Indoors.

EUPHORBIA JACQLTINIFLOEA, bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Sprays. &c., 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSETTIA PULCHEREIMA, scarlet heads, 6 to 9 inches

over. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
PRI.MULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERABLAS, 6s.

per dozen.
BOUV.ARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12s. per dozen : small, 4s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYCLAMEN, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Clumps of SPIRAEA .lAPONICA, S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, 5s. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing. 6s. per 100 ; clumps, 12s. and 1.5s. per dozen.
EARLY-FLOWERING RHODODENDRONS, white and blush,

covered with buds. 30s. and 36s. per dozen.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, fine large plants. 12s. and 18s. per

GERANIUMS, specially prepared for winter-blooming, 12s. and

18s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARLASand CALCEOLARIAS, the finest strains.

Is. 6d. per dozen ; in pots, 2s. 6rf. per dozen.
CALLA .^ETHIOPICA, strong, 12s. and 18s. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud. 12s.. 18s.. and 24s. per

AZALEA PONTICA, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS. 18s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a mass of buds, 21s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
Beautiful CAMELLIAS. 30s., 36s., and 42s. per dozen.
PRETTY CYTISUS. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, the finest variety ot all for large white

flowers, freely produced; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and 30s. per dozeu.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS. CANTERBURY BELLS. SWEET WII^
LIAMS. SILENE PENDULA CO-MPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSrriFLORA. lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen. 50 for 3s.. 100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

AEABIS. AUBRIETIAS. DACTYLIS. white or yellow ; POLY-
ANTHUS, PRIMROSE, single white; ANTEKNARLA
TOMENTOSA. ALYSSUM, Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

DAISIES, red. white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 5s. per 100,
40s. per 1000.

VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours. Is. per
dozen. 6«. per 100.

PYTIETHRU.MS. strong clumps. 4s. per dozen.

POTENTILLAS. 5s. per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS. 6s. per dozen.

PINKS. PANSIES. show or fancy. PHLOXES, 3s. 6d. per dozen.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6s. per dozen.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the best
kinds, 3s. per dozen, 21s. per 100.

Roses— Roses— Roses.

DWARFS, from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid

Perpetuals, 6s. per dozen. 50 for 21s.. 100 for 40s.
TEA SCENTED, in pots, the best kinds. 1.5s. and 18s. per dozen.
STANDARDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees

APPLES. Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds. 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety. Standards and Pyramids, 6s., 9s.,
and 12s. per dozen; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s., 18s.,
and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen; Trained,

18s.. 24s., and 30s. per dozen.
PLUMS, Pyramids. 9s., 12s.. and 18s. per dozen ; Trained, 24«.

and 30s. per dozen.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, all classes, 2s., 3s., and 4s.

per dozen.
RASPBERRIES. FILLBASKET. Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best ,^rts. 4s., 6s.. and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boies,

pots, &c.. in beautiful little plants. 6s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens. &c., in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom. 3s. 6d.
COM.MON RHODODENDRONS, fine

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HE.ATHS, lovely kinds, 3s. per dozen, 15s. and 20l.

per 100.
PLANTS for Hedges. Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

6s. to l.'is. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from l.'is. to SOs. per

1000; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100; HOLLIES,

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

CATALOGUES FREE.

VnS.. CLIBRAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Niuseries, Bowdon ;
10 and IS, Market Street, Uanolieater.

NOTIMBEB 19, 1887.]

THE GABDENEES' GERONIGLE.

615

CATALOGUES.

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEBEFOBD

{Established 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & 00.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,

FOREST TREES,

RHODODENDRONS,

CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TKEES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers joill be made for Large Contracts.

COLCHESTER ROSES.

A MUCH

ENLARGED CATALOGUE,

JUST PUBLISHED,

CONTAINING

Name of Raiser ^' Date of Introduction

OF EACH V^IBIETY;

VALUABLE INFORMATION

Bespecting the Newer Kinds,

HINTS as to CULTIVATION, &c.

POST FREE ON APPLICATION TO

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ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST ROSES.

The BEST CAMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &o..

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHRUBS,

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The BEST FRUIT TREES and GRAPE VINES,

The BEST SEEDS, (fcc..

May be seen and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

W A

PAUL'S NURSERIES,

LTHAM CROSS

iear"Waltha
1 hour from I-
ivited.

Priced CATALOGUES Free.

IFR<5EY FRUIT TREES.

%J ^ r % %^ t* I Carriage Paid. Cordons a specialite.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE' CORNU
AND SON, High View Nurseries, who will send, carriage
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PAUL & SON

PAULS'—Bulbs-WALTHAM CBOSS.

HYACINTHS, for Pots and Glasses,

from 2s. 3(i. per dozen.
HYACINTHS, for Borders, from

12s.

•100.

Forcing, 2«. per dozen, 12s.
per 100.
TULIPS, for Pots, from id. per doz.
TULIPS, for Borders, from 3s. M.

per 100.
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, from

2s. per dozen.
CROCUS, from \s.M. per 100.
SNOWDROPS, Double and Single,
2s. 6d. per 100.

Bonier NARCISSI, JONQUILS, ANEMONES, RANUNCU-
LUSES, LILIES, GLADIOLI, LILY of the VALLEY,
SPIRiEAS, &c., oheap and good. See Catalogue.

PAULS'— Boses—WALTHAM CBOSS.

STANDARDS ... from 18s. doz.

DWARF do , 12s. „

DWARFS 6s. „

CLIMBING 6s. „

FORCING, in pots...
NEW VARIETIES

18s.

The Base Garden, by Wm. Paul,
F.L.S., 8th edition, with plates, 21s.
The ifose Atimial with plates, sir
parts, 4s. each. Hoses in Pots, 5th
edition, 2s. Hoses and Ease Cul-

PAULS'— Camellias— WALTHAM CBOSS.

The largest and finest stock in

Europe.

GOOD PL.iNTS, from 21s. per doz.

SPECIMENS, from 1 to 30 guineas

AZALEAS, Winter- blooming
HEATHS. EPACRISES, GAR-
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PAGERIAS, and other STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

25s. 100

18s. doz.

PL4NES, LniES. and
other AVENUE and
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WTFIING TREES „ 15s. „
1 I I ) W E R I N G

SHRUBS
r\ FRGKEEN
PICT0RL4L TREES
RHCJDODEN-
D R 0 N S , Seed-

I'lg-

named sorts ...
, CLniBrNG PLANTS

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VEGETABLE SEEDS for autumn
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FLOWER SEEDS, various, for
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CYCLAMEN, BALSAM,

ASTERS, &c. : the finest florists'
strains are always on sale.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, .'is. per
bush. JIATS, KNIVES, GLOVES,
TOOLS, and every garden requisite.

GLADIOLUS, BRENCHLEY-
ENSIS, fine, 5s. per 100, Is. per doz.

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APPLES, PEARS, CHERRIES,
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Pyn

lids

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Dwarf-trained
,, Standard-trained, 7s. 6^/. each.
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TARINES, Dwarf-trained,
from 30s. per dozen.
,, Standard-trained, 7s. 6rf. each.
GRAPE VINES, 2s. 6d. to 10s. Id.
FIGS. 2s. 6i. to 3s. id. each. [each.
RASPBERRIES, from 3s. per 100.
STRAWBERRIES, from 2s. id. per

100.
FILBERTS, from 6s. per dozen.
CURRANTS and GOOSEBERRIES,
from .3s. per dozen.

Goods Packed for all parts of the World.

U" Full Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUES mil be
forwarded. Post-free, an application. Special and Beduced
Price ujhere large quantities are required. Inspection invito.

WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS.

As a Supplement

TO THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

roB

Next Week, Nov. 26,

WILL BE

Published an Ink-Photograph

OF

ROSA P 0 LYANTHA,
A Japan Rose.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1887.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

T ONG borders of hardy herbaceous plants
-^ would become more popular than they are
if they did not so soon become untidy by the
overcrowding and irregularity of their tenants.
This irregularity cannot be remedied by the
obvious method of cutting round the plants to
keep them of the normal size, as this treatment
is destructive to the welfare of such as have a
habit of throwing all their new gro^vth into the
fresh ground by which they are surrounded,
leaving the old centre bare or deteriorated.
Others suffer by the rapid multiplication of
flowering crowns on too small a space. To the
former class belong the Japanese Anemones, and
some of the perennial Sunflowers ; and to the
latter many of the Asters, and the florists'
Phloxes and Pyrethrums. As we cannot
do without these plants, it is better to culti-
vate them se[ arately, and not to mix them
with those c;f different habit. Where borders
are intended to be left for several years without
replanting, we must avoid plants which multiply
fast.

I have just renewed a border about 50 yards
long and 8 feet wide, and have tried to devote it
entirely to plants which will grow on without
failing, and without encroaching on their neigh-
bours for at least five years ; and perhaps it may
intei'est others if I mention what has seemed to
me most likely to fulfil these conditions. The
selection has been made with special regard to
the soil of this garden, which is retentive and
strong, and the climate, which is cloudy and
damp. Nothing is eumnerated which is not
quite hardy here, even in severe winters, and
which I have not proved to be good and orna-
mental. For a garden in Surrey many more
might be added ; still I do not think there is a
garden in England where a larger number of
hardy plants has been tested than in mine, and
those which are omitted from the list are for the
most part omitted for some reason founded on
experience.

616

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEB 19, 1887.

About arrangement according to height, I am
not very particular — much depends on the time
of flowering; for instance, a plant which flowers
at 2 feet high in May, can be put behind one
which grows to 4 feet, but does not flower till
August. As for arrangement of colours, in a
long mixed border like this, the attempts I have
seen to produce effects by contrast or harmony
have generally been failures, because plants can-
not be ensured to flower just when wanted, and
the most successful combinations are accidental.

My border is one-sided, with a drive in front,
f.icing south-west, with evergreens at the back, a
narrow interval being left between the shrubs and
the plants for gardening purposes, tliat no walking
on the soil may be necessary. We will suppose the
wiJtli to be divided into three strips of a little less
than 3 feet each, though I never plant in lines, as it
looks too formal ; but some such imaginary division
is convenient for classing the plants, which must be
done in some degree according to height.

The front compartment, extending nearly 3 feet
from the edge, will be by far the easiest to fill. A
hundred things, all of them good in their way, offer
themselves at once — Crocuses, Snowdrops, Hepaticas,
Squills, Chionodoxas, Dog's-tooth Violets, Sisy-
rinchiums, all of them in variety; Iris reticulata,
planted deep and in sand ; FritiUarias, especially
latifolia, and the white Meleagris ; but all of
these, and most of all the Crocuses, require limit-
ing, so that when their flowers are gone we may
have other flowers, aud not an uninteresting forest
of leaves. Winter Aconites are not suitable, as their
leaves take too much room, and smother other things ;
and Colchicums are too unsightly in spring and early
summer. We must leave room between the bulbs
for plenty of Gentianella ; also for two or three dwarf
Campanulas, especially turbinata and Portenschla-
giana, and Chrysogonum virginianum. There may
be a few dwarf Daffodils; the one called Ajax nanus
is the best, but pallidus praicox and some white
trumpets are added, as they are not extravagant with
their leaves ; but Daffodil leaves should at no time
be a prominent feature. Linum flavum does
very well to grow into the vacancy left by the
Crocus leaves. The little Australian Daisy, Erigeron
mucronatum serves the same purpose, and if its
plants do not last quite five years the vacancies are
so very easily supplemented that we may allow this
exception to the conditions. Several autumn Crocuses
should be planted. C. nudiflorus strays too much ;
C. speciosus is the best ; and, later still, C. longi-
florus, which is very robust and hardy. There is
also a very pretty little white Aster, a variety of
ver.iicolor, rising less than 6 inches, and flowering
all through October to keep them company. Spanish
Iris are as cheap as they are pretty, and may be
planted wherever room is found for them.

We now come to taller plants, still under 2 feet in
height, and to be grown within 3 feet of the edge.
The object is to get a good succession, varied in
colour, and not becoming conspicuously shabby after
flowering. Cutting withered stalks ought not to be
required, and often does harm, besides some are both
interesting and ornamental in the seeding stage. I
should mention that I dig in finely broken stone, in
any proportion I think best, beneath the plants, which
I find improved by it, and there are few which do not
like it. I assume that any one can get a few tons of
small broken stone ; it should be rough riddlings
from quarries, or some such material. The following
are a few of the best and most long-lived of dwarfer
plant!. : — Gentiana septemfida, easily raised from
seed ; G. asclepiadea and its white varietv ;
Hieracium villosum, excellent both in leaf and
flower; Platycodon grandiflorum, which I find quite
hardy with plenty of stone dug in, say two
parts of stone to one of soil, and dug in deep to
insure drainage; Corydalis nobilis, Pyrethrum
Willemotti, pure white; Campanula rhomboidalis,
covered with flowers for two months ; Statice lati-
folia. Chelone glabra, white ; and C. Lvoni, rosy, both
of them dwarfer and more compact, with larger flowers

than the better known C. obliqua, for a white form
of which C. glabra often passes ; Arnebia echioides
in spots made very stony. It will be said, why not
Anemone alpina and aulfurea, which do well under
the same conditions ? Well, A. echioides is easily
raised from seed, and, when one knows how, easily
divided, so it is with me a commoner plant than the
others, which take twice as long to reach flowering
from seed, and though imported in abundance from
their native mountains, are more difficult to establish ;
A. Pulsatilla, however, does very well with plenty of
stone. Add Orobus vernus in variety, Anthericum
liliastrum and A. liliago, Chrysobactron Hookeri,
Ranunculusaconitifolius, single and double ; Mertensia
virginica, Geum coccineum, easily replaced if it dies ;
GiUenia trifoliata, a beautiful plant, and worthy
of more general cultivation ; Dictamnus fraxinella.
Aster Thomson!, excellent but little known. I wish
I might add A. alpinus, butthe conditions for making
this flower well I have never discovered. It is not
very easy to draw the line of height between plants
for the front compartment and for the central ;
those named, however, if properly distributed
and repeated at intervals according to taste,
will afford a display of flowers from February to
November. Perhaps I had better defer till a
future occasion my list of taller plants, and by
leave of the Editor I will then finish what I have
to say. C, W. Dod, Ma/pas, Cheshire. [Please do so.
Ed.1

New or Noteworthy Plants.

EPIDENDRUM STENOPETALUM, Hook.

A FLOWER and leaf of a pretty rose-coloured Epi-
dendrum have just reached me, having been sent by a
Belgian correspondent of the Messrs. Veitch, for a
name, and by them fonvarded to me. It proved on
comparison to be the above imperfectly known
species, and fortunately enables me to settle a dis-
puted point about it. When Lindley published his
revision in the Folia Orchidaeea, he remarked : —
" Sir William Hooker says that the lip is free from
the column. Mr. Booth says that it is adherent; we
cannot settle the point from want of examinable
specimens." This was copied into the latest revision
of the genus, in the sixth volume of Walper's Annales.
On examining the flower I found the lip adherent
to the column for quite half the column's length,
thus confirming its position in the group in which
Lindley placed it, notwithstanding the doubtful
point mentioned. E. lamellatum, Westcott, is
identical, and this is described as havingan adherent
lip. It is a pretty little species, much resembling a
Dendrobium in habit, and producing a few rose-
coloured flowers at the apex of the pseudobulbs. The
lip is a little darker in colour than the segments, and
has a square-shaped white area at the ba.se, with a
small yellow crest. Native of the West Indies and
Central America. E. A. Rolfe.

Dendrobium Hookerianum, Lindl,

Till now I only knew this plant from the descrip-
tion, the Cathcart drawings prepared in the Kew
Herbarium, and from Dr. (now Sir Joseph) Hooker's
very few specimens. Lately, Mr. W. Bull has sur-
prised me most agreeably by sending me excellent
materials ; a very strong, many-jointed stem, 2 feet
high, with scars of nine inflorescences, oblong lan-
ceolate acuminate leaves, which are rather thick, and a
glorious five-flowered raceme. The flowers are much
larger than those of Dendrobium fimbriatum, of the
richest yellow colour; the lip is quite rhomboid,
rather narrow, admirably fringed, witli two large
Indian-purple spots on the disc and numerous red
lines on each side. The spots and the parts near them
assumed, after being dried, a cinnabar hue, whilst
they remained Indian -purple in the Hookerian
specimens, which have evidently been too much
pressed. There are white papillar tumours inside at
the base nf the sepals and petals. The very short
column is white with ha Indian-purple spqt on each

side over the very low basilar hollow. The callus at
the base of the lip is emarginate.

My Dendrobium chrysotis (Dendrobium Hookeri-
anum, Bot. Ma{f., 1872, 6013 ! ) has evidently thinner
stems (perhaps shorter broader leaves), laxer in-
florescences, smaller flowers and much shorter lips,
which incline to a circular outline. I always found
the basilar hollow of the lip very narrow and very
high.

It was an especial pleasure for me to see the
genuine plant in a fresh state, as I had greatly wished
to know it better for nearly thirty years. H. G.
Echb.f.

FeBISTEBIA I..ETA, ». Sp.*

This is in the way of Peristeria cerina. The very
narrow light green, never deeply furrowed bulbs are
as peculiar as the thin long narrow leaves. The
flowers, comparable as they are to those of the species
named, are of a bright yellow colour. The sepals
and petals have numerous dark purple spots, the lip
is more pallid, with much smaller Indian-purple dots.
It flowered lately in the Hamburgh Botanic Gardens.
Origin unknown. H. G. Echh. f.

PATCHOULY.

Amongst perfumes probably none is better known
than that whose name stands at the head of this
article. The commercial history of Patchouly is
somewhat remarkable, and is given as follows in
Piesse'a Art of Perfumery : — " A[few years ago real In-
dian shawls bore an extravagant price, and pur-
chasers could always distinguish them by their
odour ; in fact, tliey were perfumed with Patchouly.
The French manufacturers had for some time suc-
cessfully imitated the Indian fabric, but could not
impart the odour. At length they discovered the
secret, and began to import the plant to perfume
articles of their make, and thus palm off home-span
shawls as real Indian. From this origin the per-
fumers have brought it into use. Patchouly herb is
extensively used for scenting drawers in which linen
is kept ; for this purpose it is best to powder the
leaves, and put them into muslin sacks, covered with
silk, after the manner of the old-fashioned Lavender
bag. In this state it is very efficacious in preventing
the clothes from being attacked by moths."

About 1850 Patchouly began to be imported into
England, and at one time was a very fashionable
perfume. It is not, however, universally admired,
being considered by some to have a musty smell. It
is said to be one of the ingredients used for perfum-
ing the well-known Chinese or Indian ink. The
odour of Patchouly is due to the presence of an otto
or essential oil contained in the leaves and sparingly
in the stems, and it is readily procured by distilla-
tion. The yield of one hundredweight of good herb
is about 28 oz. of otto, it is of a dark brown colour
and about the same density as that of otto of sandal-
wood. Its odour is the most powerful of any obtained
from the vegetable kingdom, consequently if mixed
in equal proportions, it completely covers the smell
of all other bodies.

According to Spon's Encyclopeedia of the Industrial
Arts, Manufactures, and Commercial Products, Pat-
chouly is grown in Province Wellesley, Singapore,
and in various islands in the Eastern Archipelago
and Java. Two kinds are described known as
" toun-tilara," or " tilam-outan," and " tilam-wangi ; '
the former is the common and less fragrant, the
latter the cultivated and more admired. In Singa-

* Peristeria Ijsta, n. sp. — PseudobulbiB pyriformibua obtusis-
aime ancipitibus; foliis geminis seu teriiis plicatis oblongo lan-
ceolutis acuminatis; racemo porrecfo phiri t;l)floro; bracteN
ovato triangulis acutis ovaria pedicellata dimitlia non oequaoti-
bus; perigonio baai intruso; Bepalis oblongis subacutiesimi"
basi coalitig : t«palis cuneato-rhombeis acutis angulia omnibus
obtusatis ; hypochilii auriculis obliquis subrhombeis abrupte in
unguem latum exeiintibua; callo reniformi in disco basilar!
ante columnam ; epichiliopulchre articnlatoobtusatotriangulo
apice obtuso antice reflexo margine int«gro; disco incrassato
utrinque argutointota superticie basilariac mediana ; columna
aptflra apice tridentata dorso postioo abrupte triangula (uti
in Perist«ria ephippio), basi supra unguem abrupt* umbonata.
H.G.Bckb.f.

NOVEMBKR 19, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

r.l7

pore, Mr. Fisher, so well known as a grower of per-
fume oil-yielding plants, produces about four-fifths of
all the Patchouly oil found in commerce, and his
process of cultivation and distillation is thus de-
scribed : — " The plants are grown in rows 4 to 5 feet
apart in stiffish clay containing a small percentage of

slight fermentation, they are piled in heaps and
allowed to heat gently; they are again spread out
and dried (but not to absolute dryness), and are imme-
diately distilled. The distillation is effected by steam
generated in a separate vessel, and at a pressure not
exceeding 30 lb. a square inch, the still being usually

Fig. lilO. — proliferous sfike or oncidicm papilio tab.

silica. They are raised from cuttings struck in the
open and slieltered from the sun by Cocoa-nut shells
till rooted. The gathering is done in fine weather
and alter the dew is off; the tops and green parts are
broken off by hand, rejecting all yellow or decayed
leaves and all the woody stems. The selected parts
are carefully dried in the shade on Bamboo racks
with frequent turning. When so far dried a=
to leave just sufficient moisture to favour

steam-jacketed to prevent condensation. The yield
of oil is about a quarter of an ounce from 1 lb. of
leaves ; it would be greater by high-pressure steam,
but of ranker quality. This oil is sent to London
in 22 oz, bottles. Quantities of the more or less
inferior and mixed leaves are sent to France and
Germany for distillation, but the oil from them is
quite a different article."
Piessc, in his A>-i of Perfumery, published in 1870,

says : — " Were the otto of Patchouly cheaper the con-
sumption would be increased tenfold, so that it would
]iay growers to cultivate the plant in any of our
warm colonies."

In Mr. Cantley's recently issued Report on the
Forest Department of the Straits Settlements for 1886
he says : — " Plants of Patchouly have been in demand
for experimental planting, and a good number have
been supplied. Picked leaves are now selling at
17 dols. per pieul. The plants grow freely with but
little care, and should figure among colonial products.
Plants raised from seed are reported to grow well,
but to have no scent, but retain it when produced
from cuttings. I have not been able to verify these
statements, but it is well known that plants do
sometimes play tricks of this kind,"

Quite recently some samples of Patchouly leaves
were received at the Kew Museum from Penang, the
produce of an experimental trial in cultivating and
harvesting the plant. One sample consisted of the
picked leaves alone, while the other was composed of
leaves and stalks, and a third of the dried leaves of
Urena lobata var. sinnata, which, it seems, is largely
used to adulterate P.itchouly for the market. The
plant grows abundantly in Cocoa nut plantations and
waste places near the coast.

Upon submitting these samples to a well-known
London perfumer and a firm of equally well-known
manufacturing chemists, for their opinion as to their
value and quality, the picked leaves were reported to
be of excellent quality, and of the probable value of
from £.S0 to .€100 or more per ton. The demand in
this country, both for leaves and otto, is steady and
continuous, and at the present time there is a very
fair demand for good leaves. The otto fetches in
the English market about '2s. flr/. to 3s. per ounce.
The cultivation of Patchouly seems to have occupied
some attention in Jamaica, as an experimental con-
signment of leaves is shortly expected from that
island.

The characteristic odour of Patchouly seems to
be possessed by other plants belonging to the natural
order Labiatw besides that which has been credited
with furnishing the commercial supply — namely,
Pogostemon Patchouli. This is referred to in the
Flora of British India, vol. iv., p. 634, as " a com-
mon Indian garden plant, noted for its perfume,
often much altered by cultivation." Under the
varietal name of suavis, the Indian Flora has the
following : — " P. suavis, Tenore, in Giorn. Hot. Ital,
(1847), ii., 56. P. Patchouli, Hook,, Kewjonrn. Bot.,
328, t. 11, excl. syn. Putcha-pat; Wallich, in Kew
Journ., i,, 22, — Cult, in Palermo and Kew Botanic
Gardens. This more resembles parvifiorus in the
shape of the calyx teeth, but it has the scent of
Patchouli," Again, at p. 624 of the same volume of
the Indian Flora, under the genus Plectranthus, and
included under doubtful species, is " P. Patchouli,
Clarke, MSS.," with the following note from Mr. C.
B. Clarke:— "This, I am told, is the true Patchouli
plant, and has tlie true scent, which Pogostemon
Patchouli has not." Joli n ff. Jachon, Curator, Museum,
Boyal Gardens, Kew.

ONCIDIUJM PAPILIO
(BUTTERFLY ORCHID).

A LARGE quantity of tliis species and its varieties
majus and Kramerianum, have been imported within
the last few years by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder
& Co., and others, thus enabling many to obtain it.
I have flowered some hundreds out of various im-
portations ; and those imported by the above well
known firm, from the Venezuela district, have turned
out to be, without exception, the majus variety. It
may be asserted here, without fear of contradiction,
that the Venezuela forms are far superior to those
collected in Trinidad.

It is generally advocated that this section of On-
cids should be grown upon blocks, but, knowing
the necessity of their being almost entirely exposed
to the sun, I deem the above method uncongenial
to the welfare of the plant. I prefer to grow them
in pots, which enables me to expose them to almost

G18

THE GARDE NEBS' CHBOKICLE.

[JTotejihek 10, 1887.

full sunshine. The plants are stood on inverted
pots, between which luxuriate such genera as Cyrto-
deira, Selaginella, &c. The syringe is liberally
applied thoughout the day between the pots and
about the above plants, which greatly sustains the
moisture about the Oncids, great care being taken
that water be kept oft" the foliage at all times to
avoid scalding in the sun, and damping off the leaves
in wet weather. The compost used consists of two-
thirds peat, and the remainder sphagnum.

In potting, care should be taken that the growing
point is well above the surface. It is recommended
by some authorities not to cut off the spikes, allow-
ing them to tlirow out flowers year after year. E.xpe-
rience proves to me that this is an error, for if allowed
to remain after four or five flowers have expanded,
the vigour of the plant soon diminishes, and ulti-
mately the plant succumbs to an early death. This
is a pity, as twelve plants of O. Papilio or the var.
Kramerianum suffice to supply any one possessing a
stove with flowers of these handsome Oncidiums all
tje year round.

0. Papilio var. Kramerianum is more compact in
all its points than the type, and is considered by some
— and not without reason — the finer of the two. It
is characterised by having ovate compressed rugose
dark green pseudobulbs, bearing a solitary leathery
one-nerved leaf, often attaining over 1-i inches in
length, and from 4 to 6 inches in width, beautifully
spotted with crimson and red on a dark green ground ;
thus claiming for itself to be (even in the absence
of flowers) a flne-foliage plant. The flowers are of a
rich golden-yellow, with a profusion of bright brown
spots and blotches — the margins of the lip and
lateral sepals are undulated and crisped. The
spike, which is erect, is contracted at intervals,
forming knotty joints, from the ajiex of which are
produced the flowers, which are usually solitary as
in the type.

The cultivation is the same in every particular
as the preceding. The accompanying is a sketch
(fig. 120) of a plant which has led me to the subject
of this note. Having under my charge a large
number of the Papilio section, I have been enabled
to try a number of experiments concerning their
growth, &c. It IS generally known that by severing
the spike above any joint a spikelet is produced
immediately below the cut. In this case of O.
Papilio var. Kramerianum, instead of a flower-spike,
a young plant has been produced; it has made two
bulbs, and is completing a third, and which, I may
add, is pushing a spike, and the young plant in its
entirety is in splendid condition. F. A., Barvitis.

STRAW PLAIT.

The special variety of Wheat recommended for
sowing to obtain good plaiting straw is Old Red
Lammas, sometimes called Burwell. Ued NurseiT
and Webb's Challenge (white) are also found
excellent varieties for the purpose.

When a crop of Wheat is grown specially for
straiv-plait manufacture, it is usually cut rather green,
in fact directly the grain has passed the milky stage.
It should also be cut by reaping-hook to prevent
undue breakage of the straw, and not reaped too close
to the ground. The complaint of plait manu-
facturers during recent seasons of bad harvests has
been, that an unusally large proportion of the straw
was brittle and broke in the working.

Considering the character of these particular
seasons. Dr. J. H. Gilbert thinks there can be no
doubt tiiat this brittleness was associated with a low
development of the woody matter in the straw, and
a high percentage of silica.

During the present harvest year of 1887 some
experiments have been made on the farm of Jlr.
Daniel Davis, of the Kectory Farm, Pirton, Bedford-
shire, a good practical farmer, who has a thorough
knowledge of how to glow plaiting straws, having
given his attention to it for some years ; and also on
the farm of Sir J. B. Lawes, Rothamsted, Hertford-
shire, with a variety of Wheat called Italian Pedal
Wheat, tlie seed having been received direct from

Italy, in which country it is grown specially for
making the celebrated Italian straw-plait.

The object of the English experiments being to
grow good blight straw rather than a large quantity
of grain, portions of land were selected not in a high
state of cultivation, and the seed was sown very
thickly, and without a direct application of m.anure.
In growing Wheat for plaiting-straw it is usual to
sow half a bushel of seed per acre extra.

EXPEKIMENTS WITH ITALIAN PeDAL WhEAT.

Table showing Qiinntity of Seed sown and the Prcdncc ob-
tained per Acre, at ^otham^ted and Pirton; season,

18S7:—

Produce per Acre.

Rothamsted, Herts
Pirton, Beds

■&>i

This Wheat yielded a very glutinous-looking
" berry," similar to the variety employed in the
manufacture of maccaroni, and the straw was fine
and bright.

On an examination [by members of the Luton
Chamber of Commerce of the straw grown from
the Italian seed, and compared with straw also
gi-own on Mr. Davis' farm, but from English seed,
tlie general judgment seemed to be in favour of the
English straw, but the Chamber reserved a final
decision until they had seen the Italian straw manu-
factured into hats.

The opinion of Sir J. B. Lawes is, that in an ordi-
nary English summer, the damp July would be
almost certain to induce mildew in the Italian Pedal
Wheat, owing to it being necessarily sown thickly for
the sake of producing fineness of straw. J. J. Willis,

PEAS NEW AND OLD.

It is necessary occasionally to pass in review, and
compare with old standard sorts, the new Peas
that appear each season. Some few are obtained by
means of cross fertilisation, the majority are but
selections, and thus it is so many 'old friends are made
to appear under new names. Peas that are obtained
from 4o»ff/i/e crosses require to be carefully grown
for some time, and very carefully selected, before they
are named and sent out, as they are pretty certain to
show a mixed character at first. All Peas, if they
are to be maintained at a high standard of quality,
need most persistent selection ; some sorts deteriorate
rapidly if neglected. During the present summer an
admirable opportunity was offered for comparing
Peas new and old, as in the strong ground ofMessrs.
Hurst & Son's trial garden at East Croydon, they did
well, and were seen to the best advantage. The re-
sults of the comparison are set down in the following
paragraphs.

Now, iu regard to early Peas, Sangster's No 1, and
its many aliases, still stands at the head of the early-
Peas ; but stocks vary as to earliness, size of pod,
and freedom of bearing. There are differences made
by selection, and the value of selection cannot be
over-estimated. Henderson's First of All, Cleve-
land's First and Best, and Rural New Yorker,
American varieties, are Sangster's No. 1 represented
by good stocks. Carter's Lightning is a fine selec-
tion, like Hurst's Improved Sangster's No. 1. Alaska,
also an American importation ; Sharpe's First Early,
Selected Extra Early CVeitch), and Harrison's
Eclipse, are Sangster's No. 1 in good form ; and
under the same heading comes Ringleader, Dickson's
First and Best, Caractacus, &c., all come under this
category. To ensure a good early stock of Sangster's
No. 1 it must be very carefully and persistently
selected ; and the fact that tliis is being done is
shown iu tlic constant appearance of tliis pojuilar
Pea under new names. Kentish Invicta partakes
very much of the character of Sangster's No. 1, but
the dry seed is green instead of white. Earliest of
All appears to be the same as Kentish Invicta.

Emerald Gem is a distinct Pea of the Sangster's
No. 1 type, foliage and pods bright green ; the latter
are not so large as those of Sangster's No. 1, but it
might be regarded as a green form of a Dillistone's
Early Prolific or Ringleader. In like manner
AVilliam I. is continually reappearing under new
designations. A very fine selected stock of this is
represented by plants 3 feet in height, with long,
green, well-filled pods, and freely produced. Lax-
ton's Alpha, whatever may have been its original
character, is now very like Sangster's No. 1.
Blue Peter is a dwarf Pea, in the way of but with
better pods than Beck's Gem or Tom Tliumb, also
dvv.arfer and later, growing about 18 inches. First
Crop Blue is a little later than the foregoing, and
longer pods — a very good early giirden Pea, being
perhaps the largest pod of all, and not more than
four or five days later than the earliest.

But among the dwarf early Peas Chelsea Gem and
William Hurst are particularly noticeable. But who
can tell the difference between them when they are
seen growing side by side ? Both do not exceed a
foot in height, in haulm and pod they are similar,
but while the seed of William Hurst is, in a dry state,
blue in colour and slightly wrinkled, that of Chelsea
Gem is white. For the matter of that they might
have come out of the same pod. Laxton's Minimum,
a very dwarf Pea, is now superseded by William
Hurst, and this last, for all purposes of early work,
for pots, and for sowing on early Peach borders, is
the best that can be named, for it beats Minimum in
quality. It should be a gem among early Peas, for
it bears an honoured name. American Wonder is
growing by it, but while this has only three or four
Peas in a pod. William Hurst has seven and eight,
and there is a hardihood of constitution about it
lacked by American Wonder; for while the latter
proved somewhat delicate, William Hurst was
hardier — the earliest to grow and show itself above
the ground during the prevalence of cold spring
frosts. I may remark that Multum in Parvo, repre-
sented by a pure stock, retains its character, and
bears good plump pods.

Here is a Pea called Edinburgh Beauty ; and it
can be regarded as an improved Advancer ; it comes
in at the same time, but is more prolific, and does
not betray the tendency to run out which is chariic-
teristic of Advancer. It is a blue wrinkled variety,
and makes a good second early garden Pea. Pride
of the Market is close by, about 2} feet in height,
bearing very large dark green pods. Next is Fill-
basket — about 3 feet in height : well named, for it is
prolific and tlie pods fill out admirably. It is a
variety to be depended upon for a supply. And the old
Harrison's Glory still makes a good market variety,
cropping largely, and gi'owing to a height of '2.^ feet.
Charles I. appears to be the same as Laxton's
Standard, a blue wrinkled variety, bearing fine long
pods that are slightly curved at the point : height
2^ feet. Standard is not so well known as it deserves
to be. It is a very good useful Pea. Stratagem
appears to be delicate in constitution, and takes the
blight readily. It grows to a height of 2 feet, and
produces large pods. Sunrise is a Pea of very robust
constitutiou, and market gardeners plant it for very
early crops. It is a good free bearing variety. Dr.
Hogg proves to be an earlier variety than was at first
supposed. It has the style of pod of Laxton's
Supreme, white and slightly curved ; the seeds small,
deep green, and wrinkled: 3 to 31 feet, and a good
cropper. A very good garden Pea is found in Robert
Fenn. It grows to a height of 2i feet, with large
pods, fine in quality, and it is so much in demand
that it is difficult to get enough stock of it. Sharpe's
Invincible is a late second early, the shape of pod
very like that of the Old Scimitar, but differing
from it in foliage — a good useful garden variety,
large pods, and one of the latest of the round
seeded Peas; good in all respects; 3 to 31 feet.
The Baron has one of those disappointing fleshy
pods now too common, tliat does not fill well —
fair on the outside, disappointing within ; 4 to
5 feet, ■yorkshire Hero is much in demand as a
market garden Pea, and it can be depended upon for

KoVEJtBEE 1',), 1S87.1

THE GABDJENEHS' ClIliONICLE.

619

a good crop, while it does not tlirow a superfluous
haulm. Carter's Little "Wonder appears to be iden-
tical with G. r. Wilson in its best form ; each has a
peculiar curl at each end of the pod ; it can be said
to be of great value as a garden variety. Sharpe's
Queen resembles G. F. Wilson in the seed stage, and
has a fine pointed dark green pod, very like Strata-
gem, but taller in growth ; it might be a selection
from Stratagem. Eckford's Victor is very like G.
F, Wilson. Excel All and Carter's Anticipator are
in all respects the same as Yorkshire Gem.
Laxton's Walton Hero is a large-podded variety
of the FortyfoKl type, but earlier, the pods
paler in colour also, large and handsome; 5
feet. Here was a fine stock of Veitch's Per-
fection, still a good Pea, because it stands so well.
Hurst & Son's New Wrinkled is a very fine Pea,
raised by Eckford ; in a dry state the seed is large,
green, and wrinkled, it has very fine pale grem pods
like a large podded Champion of England, but earlier,
appearing as if it would make a fine exhibition Pea ;
5 feet. Dungworth Marrow is like an early variety of
Duke of Albany, not so tall, a good cropper, with well
filled pods of a deep green colour and rather pointed;
a variety of excellent quality for garden pui-poses ;
4 feet. Sutton's Royal Jubilee is a late variety.
3 feet, a very robust grower, producing very fine,
well filled, pointed pods ; very promising as an ex-
hibition variety. John Bull and Sharpe's Triumph
are the same, with large, well filled pods, ten Peas
in a pod, and such Peas, too ! a very fine garden
Pea. Hallamshire Hero is the same as John
Bull. Dr. Jlaclean is a good market gardeners'
Pea as a cropper, very prolific of well filled
pods, pale green in colour, but not of the best
flavour. Sutton's President Garfield appears to be
distinct in appearance from Princess Royal, the seed
wrinkled instead of round, and it may be regarded as
a fine type of Princess Royal. Prince of Wales is a
finely-flavoured wrinkled Pea, bearing well-filled
pods, but the Peas harden as they get old ; it was
represented by a very fine stock, and so much is it in
demand that Messrs. Hurst & Son say the annual
sale is about .3000 bushels. Sharpe's Sir F. A. Jlil-
bank has a dark green pod, and is of the Paragon
type, but darker in the pod. Duke of Albany bids
fair to supersede Telephone, on account of having a
better coloured pod. Telephone shows a tendency
to run back to small pods. William the Conqueror
appears to be an improved William I. Kenilworth is of
the same type, and bears good pods. Early Bird is
said to be a cross between Kenilworth and Advancer ;
it is very like AVilliam I., with fine large well-filled
pods ; height 3 feet. One thing appears quite certain,
tliat William I. is a Pea that soon runs back to an
inferior form, and must be rigidly selected in order
to ensure a fine stock. Paragon is a blue wrinkled
marrow, growing to a height of 5 feet, the pods
large and well filled : it is regarded as an early
variety. Eckford's Magnificent is scarcely suf-
ficiently distinct from Paragon, a trifle later :
it bears fine, well -filled, square-topped pods.
Prodigy (Veitch) has seeds like Duke of Albany ;
among it can be seen a few pale-podded
ones, like Telephone, the rest like Duke of Albany —
a fine exhibition variety; the pod well coloured.
Sharpe's Giant Marrow is in the way of Telephone,
but taller and later. Criterion, raised by the late
John Standish, is in the way of Champion of England
but has deep green well filled pods, not large — a very
prolific variety, 5 feet. Duke of Connaught repre-
sents a very fine stock of Champion of England, but
somewhat earlier and larger in the pod. Fortyfold
is like Champion of England, but has pointed pods,
and it is found in practice very difBcult to keep the
two distinct.

The grand old .Teye's Conqueror or Ne Plus Ultra
appears under several new names. Eraser's Defiance
is one of them, Eckford's Progress is simply a fine
strain of it ; the same can be said of Harrison's Exhi-
bition, and House's Perfect Marrow is it again.
It will take years to drive the Pea out of cultivation,
and it is difficult to match it for flavour. This and
British Queen are here in fine quality, perfect as

stocks. Imperial Wonder is simply British Queen
in its best form. Dadd's Prolific and Cranston's
Prolific are but reproductions of it, and the old tall
green Mammoth is seen also as Culverwell's Prolific
or as King of the JIarrows ; the pod curves at both
ends, and the pod differs in shape from that of British
Queen, though much like it in growth. The latter is
a white, the former a green wrinkled Pea.

Abbot's Duchess appears to be the same as Duke
of Albany, with very fine pods of like character.

Omega is one of the best medium height late Peas ;
this, and Premier are the two latest — they hold out
later than Ne Plus Ultra or British Queen. Lastly,
East Anglia and "Walker's Perpetual Bearer appear
to be reproductions ot Premier, one of the best
Peas raised by the late Dr, Jlaclean. i?. 2).

mon Convolvulus, but they measure 4 inches or more
across the spreading limb ; colour a bright porcelain
blue, becoming reddish with age. There is also a
pure white flowered form of this species, which, when
grown alo)ig with the blue one, has a very pretty
eS'ect. The seeds of this species, which is an an-
nual, should be sown about the end of May. They
are freely produced by cultivated plants. }K

Plant Notes.

AXOMATIIECA GRA'NDIFLORA.
This is a new addition to a genus of which A.
crueuta is the only one that is at all known as a
garden plant. At present A. grandiflora is treated
as a greenhouse plant, but should it prove ps hardy
as A. cruenta it will be much more valuable horti-
culturally than if it proves too tender to be grown
out-of-doors. It flowered for the first time at Kew
last year, and it is now again in flower in the Cape-
house. The foliage .and habit are like those of
Crocosma aurea. The flower-scape is a foot or more
high, branched above, and bears numerous flowers,
which are not expanded more than three or four at
a time. The flowers are composed of oblong segments,
which are united at the base, forming a short tube ;
they are spreading, 1 inch long, the three lower usually
shorter than the three upper; colour blood-red, with
a blotch of deep crimson at the base of each of the
lower segments. The flowers are good for several
days. The species is a native of East Africa. It is
figured in the Botanical Maga-ine as a Lapeyrousia,
to which genus Anomatheca is now reduced.

GnSTAVIA PTEROCAItPA.

One of the most striking and interesting plants
flowered at Kew recently is this Gustavia, of which a
healthy specimen in the Palm-house is now bearing
an expanded flower and two buds. The stem is un-
br.anched, 18 inches high, clothed with lanceolate
acuminate leaves 4 inclies wide and 1 foot long, and
bearing the flow'er and buds on the apex. In size,
form, and substance, the flower resembles that of a
Talauma, or a small Magnolia grandiflora. It has
five ovate fleshy petals, each 2 inches long by l.^inch
wide, slightly concave, pure white, tinged with red
on the outside. The stamens form a turban-like
crown in the centre, being united at the bottom with
the free part curving right over, so that the anthers
point towards the stigma. A faint odour is emitted,
and each flower lasts four days. This species was
introduced in 1861, by Mr. Linden, when a figure of
it was published in the Botanical Magacint, t. 5239.
The Kew plant now flowering was raised from seeds
received from the Botanic Gardens at Cork in 1884,
under the name of G. Leopoldi, the name under
which it was distributed by Mr. Linden. It is a
native of French Guiana. The Kew plant bears a
larger flower than that figured in the Botanical
Magajiiie, from which it also differs in having five
petals instead of six.

IPO-Mffi.! RCBR0-C<ERnLEA,

This is a most useful and easily grown climber for
the warm house, as it flowers at this time of year,
and will continue in bloom for several weeks. Some
examples of it may now be seen in the Palm-house
at Kew, where it is grown along strings close to the
glass in a sunny greenhouse all summer, and about a
month before the flowers appear the strings are all
cut and the shoots wound about a few tall twigs, tied
together at the top. Each specimen thus grown
produces hundreds of flowers, a score or more being
open at one time. In form they resemble the com-

STUDIES ON THE GLADIOLUS.

JlEssns. Kelway & Son, of Langport, are, I
believe, almost the only horticulturists in this country
who grow the Gladiolus on a large scale. It is under
these circumstances that one has the opportunity of
making interesting biological studies. If grown on
a small scale the Gladiolus, or, in fact, any other
plant, would not admit of such a wide range of varia-
tion, not only in form, size, and colour, but also in
type.

If we admit that there is snch a distinction in
the segments of the Gladiolus as that of sepals and
petals, I think we shall also have to admit that the
Gladiolus varies in a very curious manner.

In order that the reader may follow what I am
about to say, it may be necessary, perhaps, that I
should first compare the Gladiolus with the Ama-
ryllis. The former belongs to the Iridacere, and the
latter to the Amaryllidacen!. These, however, are
rather verbal distinctions than anything else, intended
to help the memory by grouping plants that have
similar characters. It is, then, onl}' necessary to
remember the name of the plant and the denomina-
tion under which it has been classified, to get an
idea of its general character. Of course, a good
classification would further indicate the branch to
which, in the process of evolution, a particular plant
now belongs. What makes classification possible
is the fact that in the outpouring of generations
which has been, and is, perpetually going on, the
laws of heredity and of sterility hold certain groups
together. If we went back far enough we should
probably find that the Iridaceic and the Amaryllid-
acen would meet in a common ancestor, that is, of
course, provided this common ancestor has not been
long ago extinct.

Then in the Amaryllis (Hippeastrum) we have
three upper segments, which are always the most dis-
tinctly and brilliantly marked, and three lower ones.
We have also three outer ones, which are botanically
called sepals, and three inner ones, called petals.
Thus the middle upper segment is exterior, and
the middle lower one is interior. In an
Amaryllis which I had raised, and which I called
" oolta," meaning topsy-turvy, the flowers were
reversed, making the upper middle segment in-
terior, and the lower middle exterior. Now
in the Gladiolus I observed two distinct vari-
ations as regards the position of the segments, but in
all the specimens I saw the distinct colouring was
always in the lower segments, and not in the upper,
as in the Amaryllis. If the reader will refer to the
coloured plate of the Gardeners' Chronicle of Sep-
tember 2, 1882, and the accompanying description
by Mr. J. G. Baker, he will find that

(a) G. splendens and blandus are one-tongued
(one distinct lower segment).

(6) G. Papilio and cruentus are two-tongued (a
pair of distinct lower segments).

(<;) G. Cooperi and G. Sandersii are three-tongued
(all three lower segments distinct).

He will also find that in G. splendens the middle
lower segment is interior, while in G. cruentus it is
exterior. This, I think, can only be accounted for
by considering the flower ofG. splendens as normally
situated, and the tongue corresponding to the label-
lum of the Orchid, while the fiower of G. cruentus
is upside-down, that is, the segment corresponding
to the labellum of the Orchid is the upper middle
one, which is quite plain. In these two species — the
G, splendens and G. cruentus— all the flowers on the
spike of each were probably alike, that is, either all
normal or all topsy-turvy ; but in the infinity of
spikes of all colours of hybrids which I observed at

G20

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBBB 19, 1S87.

Laiigport, tile two forms are either separate or
mixed up in various ways, so tliat one will see : —

1. All the flowers on the same spike normal.

2. All the flowers on the same spike invei ted.

3. One side of the spike with all the flowers of
one form, and the other side all of the other form.

4. The two forms mi.xed up indiscriminately, on
the same spike.

5. In others, again, the third form («) takes a part,
and flowers with three uniform tongues are found
more or less numerous, and either mixed up in the
same spike or separate.

For instance, in G. Lemoinei (which not impro-
bably is a descendant of G. Fapilio) the three lower
segments, with the middle one exterior, are all
similarly marked throughout the spike, viz., plum-
coloured segments tipped yellowish-green, not unlike
miniature reproductions of those of Amaryllis Leo-
pold!, while a hybrid of Lemionei again had all the
flowers of one side of the spike like the above, that
is, with three tongues, and all the flowers of the
other side with only two tongues.

The most curious part of the whole thing, how-
ever, is that, when there is only one tongue, it is
that which is distinctly marked, and is internal —
that is, fully displayed ; while when there are two
tongues it is these only which are distinctly coloured,
and both internal, that is, fully displayed. The
middle lower segment then becomes external and
partially hidden.

We have here two points, I think, either to accept
or reject, viz., we must either reject the notion that
there is any distinction between sepals and petals in
the Gladiolus, or if we retain this we must also
accept the notion that the flowers of hj'brid Gladioli
are sometimes normal and sometimes upside down,
and that these two forms occur mi.xed up in various
ways in the same spike, besides being sometimes
totally separated in distinct spikes.

What means have we now of accounting for this
peculiarity in the hybrids? To do this, we have to go
back to their probable ancestors, the so-called species.
If the original ancestors were both one, two or three
tongued, the chances are that all the flowers of their
descendants would be either one, two, or three
tongued ; if, on the contrary, one ancestor was one-
tongued normal and the other two-tonged (upside-
down), the flowers in the same variety would display
both forms, either on separate spikes or on separate
rows of the same spike, or mixed up indiscriminately
on the same spike.

This one or two tongnedness gives rise to another
curious feature in the flower. When there are two
tongues, the lower middle segment is larger, and the
upper middle one takes the curve of a hood; and
when there is only one tongue, the other two lower
segments are larger, and the pair of inner upper seg-
ments combine to form the hood. When there are
three tongues they are usually all three small. This
play of pencilled tongues, and size of tongues, and
one or two petalled hoods, occurs without any change
in the general colour, or forms, or size of the whole
flower; so that in the Gladiolus we have what we
often see combined in one man or woman, viz., the
nose of the father, the eyes of the mother, and
perhaps the character of the grandfather, or two or
more features belonging to two or more distinct
ancestral individuals combined in one person. On
the other hand, we sometimes find all the features of
some distinct ancestor combined in the person of
sejiarate individuals. By referring again to the
before-mentioned plate (of September, 'J, 18S2), we
will see that if G. splendens — normal, with one
tongue — were to be successfully crossed with G.
cruentua, inverted, with two tongues, we might
eventually get on the same spike some flowers of one
type and one of the other.

This dimorphism of the Gladiolus has been noticed
before, in the Cardcncn' Chronicle of April 27, 1861,
but the writer did not appear to make any attempt
to account for it, Moreover, he then wrote of the
Gladiolus as forming two groups. Now, however,
the Gladiolus has become polymorphic — at least
those so extensively grown by Messrs. Kelway &

Son under the name of hybrids of Gandavensis —
have the features of three distinct ancestral types
often combined in one spike. In the modern Gladi-
olus, then, we have some sort of hint of the ancestral
type, from which it may have originated, and it
affords us, perhaps, some means of detecting whether
a wild Gladiolus is a so-called species, or more pro-
bably a natural hybrid. In the species nurpureo-
auratus of the same plate we have three distinct
types on the same spike — supposing that the
artist copied exactly what was before him. The
lowermost flower is one-tongued, with the lower
middle segment interior; the flower immediately
above it is two-tonged, with the lower middle seg-
ment exterior ; the next flower is again different from
the other two. It is two-tongued, but each tongue is
differently marked : one has a spade mark, and the
other a fan mark I The latter resembles closely the
mark of G. Lemoinei, and is not far from that of G.
Papilio. It would thus appear that this golden-yellow
Gladiolus may not be a true species, but more pro-
bably a natural hybrid, and may have in its blood at
least three distinct ancestral bloods, although the
general colour and form of all are one. To my
mind this Gladiolus has blood in it both of noimal
and inverted ancestors.

What all this topsy-turviness may mc.in, from a
natural history point of view — that is, from the
evolution standpoint — is more than I am at present
prepared to say. The colouring, form, and other
features of a species must be studied in its own
habitat, and with reference to its indigenous insect
fauna and other surroundings. E. Bmiavia, M.I).
(To be continued.)

PKECOCIOUS SHOOT OF VINE.

At one of the recent meetings of the Eoyal Hor-
ticultural Society Mr. W. Koupell, of Koupell Park,
Brixton, exhibited the results of an experiment in
grafting Grapes which is of very greilt interest prac-
tically and scientifically (fig. 121). As will be seen from
the sequel, it bears upon the question of the action
of stock upon scion — it illustrates a peculiarity in
the groivth of the Grape Vine, while the potential
practical benefit is likely to be considerable, pro-
vided always this be not a mere exceptional occurrence,
and one which cannot be depended on to recur in
the future. The case as narrated to us by Mr.
Roupell stands as follows : —

The stock was White Frontignan, among the
peculiarities of which are general vigour, fi'uitfulness,
earliness of ripening and rich flavour. The scion
was Duke of Buccleuch, gross and coarse in habit,
ripening its wood late, and not bearing well in the
young state. It occurred to Mr. Roupell that these
disadvantages might be overcome by grafting it upon
the White Frontignau. The result is shown in the ac-
companying illustration (fig. 121), from which it may
be seen that a precocious bud has started on this year's
graft on a true lateral shoot, and not from a dormant
bud ; the wood has ripened about a month earlier
than that of the Duke of Buccleuch generally
does. To quote Mr. Eoupell's own words : —
"This experiment has so far answered satisfactorily,
as the dwarf and fruitful habit of the stock has
affected the scion in several ways. The season's
growth from the graft has ripened several weeks
earlier than Duke of Buccleuch on its own roots,
grown in pots alongside the grafted Vine. The
wood is more short-jointed and less gross than is
usual with this variety, and a bunch of Grapes has
ripened on a lateral shoot of the current year,
springing from this season's growth, as shown in the
sketch. This is in strong contrast to the habit of
the variety, as it does not come into bearing so soon
as other sorts. Strong canes in pots, on their own
roots, in the same vinery, have failed to produce any
fruit during the last two seasons, although the
Muscat of Alexandria and other varieties have
ripened good crops under the same conditions. The
Duke is a delicious and most refreshing Grape, of
noble appearance and distinct character, and a great
jioint will have been gained if the Frontignan stock

should be proved to have the same effect upon it
that the Paradise stock has upon free-growing
varieties of Apples."

Botanically, the case isinterestingin this way; the
bunches, or the tendrils, which are potential bunches,
are usually, as every oue knows, borne on the oppo-
site side of the shoot to the leaf. Now this position
is an apparent exception to the rule among plants,
that the flowers shall either be " axillary," that is,
produced laterally from the " axils " of the leaves, or
that they shall be " terminal," that is, form the termi-
nation of the season's growth on the branch bearing
them. In no case is the bud really formed on the oppo-
site side of the shoot to the adjoining leaf, though it
apparently is so very frequently. Thus, in the Vine,
the bunches are in reality terminal, as anyone can
see for himself by examining the bunch in its earliest
condition. The apparent lateral condition is due to
the fact, that the originally terminal bunch becomes
in course of growth bent to one side, while the
lateral bud next beneath it pushes its way in a more
or less vertical direction — assumes, in fact, the direc-
tion which the bunch would do were it not bent out of
the way as above stated.

The precocious flowering of the scion is strictly
analogous to what frequently happens in the mid-
summer flowers of the Apple, or in the second growth
of the Laburnum, in which the long flower clusters
are produced, not on dormant spurs of the previous
season's growth, but at the ends of long shoots of
the current year.

The arrangement of the buds of the Vine presents
other peculiarities, some of which are shown in the
sketch ; but as they are of less practical importance,
we need not dilate upon them now, although, in
truth, they are not without their importance in
pruning the Vine.

As these matters are unknown to the majority of
gardeners, we may take another opportunity of
alluding to them. In the meantime we must empha-
sise the fact that, curious as is the result of Mr.
Roupell's experiment, we do not yet know whether
it is or is not merely fortuitous. In view of the prac-
tical importance of the matter we earnestly hope Mr.
Roupell will continue his very interesting experiments.

"THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE."

CCondvied from p. 472.;

FotTHTB Peeiod ; 1865— 1SS6. — This period being
essentially contemporaneous with the existing gener-
ation of horticulturists, I intend confining myself
almost entirely to the history of the Botanical Maga-
zine. There are several reasons for this course, the
most weighty of which is the fact that this sketch
has already exceeded the limits anticipated.

Aucuba japonica in fruit (pi. 5512) is the first sub-
ject that specially attracts our attention in the
ninety-first volume. The female plant is figured on
pi. 1197 (1809), and had already then been in
Europe about twenty-five years ; but, as the male
plant was wanting until Fortune introduced it a little
before 1865, the berries with which we are familiar
were unknown to our forefathers. Hepatica angu-
losa (pi. 5518) was a pretty addition to spring-
flowering plants. Fourcroya longxva, represented on
the next plate, is one of the most remarkable in the
rich and varied flora of Jlexico. It was figured from
a plant 15 feet high, that flowered under Mr. W.Robin-
son's care in the Botanic Garden, Regent's Park;
but Karwinski, the original discoverer of this species,
has put it ou record that it forms a stem 50 feet
high, and the fully developed inflorescence another
40 feet, and that its habitat is at an altitude of 10,000
feet in the State of Oaxaca, all of which figures lam
inclined to regard as exaggerated. Dianella tas-
manica (pi. 5551) is very handsome when laden with
its indigo-blue berries ; and Sparaxis pulcherrima
(pi. 5555) is certainly one of the most beautiful and
graceful of Cape bulbous i)lants. Tacsonia Van
Volxemi (pi. 5571), which is a synonym of
T. antioquensis, created a sensation on its
first appearance. Jlicrocachrys tetragona (pi. 5576),
a native of the higher mountains of Tasmania,

KOVEUBER 19, 18S7.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

G21

is remarkable among Cypresses for tlie scales of the
female cones being bright red and fleshy. Singular
among many singular South African plants is Cero-
pegia sororia (pi. 5578), with hinged petals which are
moved by the faintest breeze. Fremontia californica
(pi. 5591), Sanchezia nobilis (pi. 5594). and Glypto-

Clavija fulgens (pi. 5626) is another Tropical
American tree with the same habit of growth, but
having small orange-red flowers in dense racemes
proceeding from the axils of the leaves. Cordyline
australis (pi. 5636) is a characteristic Australasian
tvpe ; and the next plate represents the singular

FlU. I:.'!.— PEECOCIOCS SUOOT OF THE VINE, ISDHCED ET QliAFTING. (SEE P. 620.)

strobuB pendulus (pi. 5603), are other notable
plants in the ninety-second volume. The next opens
with the truly gorgeous Cattleya Dowiana, named
after Captain Dow of the American Packet Service,
who was always ready to assist botanical travellers
in Central America. Grias cauliflora (pi. 56-2) is
one of the characteristic Tropical American Lecy-
thidex, bearing sessile flowers on the stem, which is
unbranched and cro vueil with a tuft of ample leaves.

Tinnea sethiopica, which commemorates the unfor-
tunate African traveller Miss Tinn^. Dalechampia
Roezliana (pi. 5640), from Mexico; Agave achidi-
gera (pi. 5641), from the same country ; Begonia
boliviensis (pi. 56.57), the fruit of Cestrum elegans
(pi. 5659), Begonia Veitchii (pi. 5653), Lrelia
majalis (pi. 5667), another of the many beautiful
Mexican plants ; and the singular, gigantic West
African Aristolochia Goldieana (pi. 5672), are a few

other prominent plants in the ninety-third volume,
which is dedicated to Professor Oliver, who, as all
those who are associated with him know, possesses a
marvellous knowledge of the plants of the whole
world. The 106th volume is dedicated to another
of my Kew colleagues, Mr. J. G. Baker, who
has done so much to smooth the way for amateur
botanists and horticulturists, especially in his labours
on the petaloid Monocots, for which class of plants he
has during many years furnished the letterpress for
the Magazine, and, in conjunction with Mr. F. W.
Burbidge as artist, he has produced an illustrated
monograph of the genus Narcissus.

Succeeding volumes are equally rich in figures of
plants of gorgeous beauty or fantastic form, of which,
however, I can only pause to indicate here and there
one. Cochliostema Jacobianum (pi. 5705) is a very
striking member of the Commelinaceffi ; Pleroma
macranthum (pi. 5721) has purple-blue flowers nearly
6 inches across ; Spiraea palmata (pi. 5726) is one
of the handsomest Japanese herbaceous plants ; Puya
Whytei (pi. 5732) is one of the most conspicuous
objects in the scenery of Central Chili ; Bland-
fordia Cunninghami (pi. 5734) is an exceedingly
showy Australian member of the Liliacea; ; Masde-
vallia Veitchiana (pi. 5739) is one of the earliest of
the really ornamental species of this singular genus ;
the genuine Fuchsia coccinea (pi. 5740) is a native
of Brazil, and not hardy in this country ; Allamauda
nobilis (pi. 5764) recalls the flower-shows of twenty to
thirty years ago ; the lowly Nertera depressa (pi. 5799)
claims our attention, not only for its modest beauty
but for its wide distribution, ranging from the Andes
of Mexico to Cape Horn, the remote Antarct'c islands,
and the mountains of Tasmania and New Zealand.

We have now i-eached the ninety-sixth volume, de-
dicated to the Rev. C. Parish, the discoverer and intro-
ducer of so many fine Malayan Orchids. It opens with
afigureof the beautiful Dahlia imperialis, followed by
Antigonon leptopus (pi. 5816), both natives of Mexico

In spite of all inducements to tarry, I must pass on
to the next volume, where there is a new departure in
the matter of names, and the Linnean classes and
orders are no longer given. From pi. 1 to pi. 5877
the Latin names were translated into English, or an
English name was coined ; thus, Solanumvenustum is
called the " graceful Solanum ; " Erythrochiton hypo-
phyllanthus, "Linden's Erythrochiton;" Arenaria
purpurascens, " Purple Alpine Sandwort ; " and Dra-
ca^na cylindrica, " Cylindric-spiked Draciena." As
it is doubtful whether any one of these 5S77 English
names has been generally adopted (or, at least, one
of those coined in the Magazine, for a few of the
plants figured possess genuine English names), it was
certainly not worth while encumbering the text with
them. Where they are translations or explanations
of the meanings of the Latin and Greek names, they
serve a useful purpose ; but from the examples cited
it will be seen that they are often quite arbitrary,
and therefore misleading to persons not understand-
ing the botanical names.

Passing to the hundredth volume (1874) we find
it is dedicated to Mr. George Maw, who has long
been well known in the horticultural world as the
personal introducer of numerous hardy plants, and
more recently as the author of a descriptive his-
torical and handsomely illustrated monograph of the
genus Crocus. Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata (pi. 6075),
one of the Grass Gum trees, a type of vegetation
peculiar to Australia, and Fuchsia procumbens (pi.
6139), a native of New Zealand, and offering one of
the problems of plant distribution, are plants of
special interest in this volume.

Volume 101 is dedicated to Dr. Masters, chief
Editor of this journal during the period we are now
considering.

Volume 102 is dedicated to Mr. 'Williara Thomp-
son, of Ipswich, the successful raiser of numerous
hardv aud half-hardy herbaceous plants, many of
which embellish the pages of the Botanical Maga:inc ;
and the next is devoted to Mr. H. J. Elwes, whose
magnificent monograph of the genus Lilium, illus-
trated by Fitch, is alone sufficient to give him a high
place in contemporary horticulture.

622

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

(NovEsiDEn 19, 1S87.

The 104th volume is dedicated to Dr. R. Hogg,
and the year of its publication, 1878, was an
eventful one for the Magazine, for in it W. H. Fitch *
severed his connection therewith, and the Editor, Sir
Joseph Hooker, must have experienced something
bordering on despair, as it is no easy matter to re-
place a botanical artist, even if you are prepared to
pay handsomely. A clever painter of flowers may
never make a good botanical drauglitsman, and the
botanist has to train his artist. I have related to
what straits the Editor of the Magazine was reduced
after Sydenham Edwards left him in 1815, and the
loss of so eminent a botanical artist as Fitch seemed
fatal to the existence even of the Magazine. There
were, it is true, other capable draughtsmen who worked
for the horticultural Press, but they were, with
few exceptions, wholly unacquainted with the analy-
tical part, and botanists had so long relied on Fitch
that there was nobody ready to take his place. I do
not forget his nephew, J. N. Fitch, Worlhington
Smith, and others ; but they were all occupied in
their respective lines, and living at a distance from
Kew. It will be known to many persons that the
Eoval Gardens, Kew, furnish directly, or tlirough the
contributions of nurserymen and other horticulturists,
the subjects for the Magazine, and it often happens
that a plant must be drawn without delay or it is
lost for that season. Sometimes, too, only a single
plant exists, or it is of a very delicate constitution,
and great risk would attend its conveyance to a dis-
tance ; hence the importance of the artist living on
the spot, and being ready at any moment to take in
hand wh.itever may be required.

On looking through the 104th volume of the Maga-
zine, I see that no fewer than seven different persons
besides W. H. Fitch, contributed drawings which
were lithographed by J. N. Fitch ; but most of tlie
drawings are by Mrs. Thiselton Dyer (H. T. D.),
a daughter of Sir Joseph Hooker ; and although one
would not think of making comparisons, it may be
said that they are highly creditable productions for an
amateur suddenly called upon to follow a master
hand. Three of the drawings are by M. S. (Miss
Matilda Smith), a young lady whom Sir Joseph
Hooker had taken under his personal instruc-
tion. Of the next volume, which is dedicated
to Dr. G. King, Superintendent of the Calcutta
Botanic Garden, Mrs. Dyer is also the principal
artist, and Miss Smith and various other per-
sons also contributed— A. B. (Mrs. Barnard, a
sister of the late Mrs. Hooker, and daughter
of the late Professor Henslow), the greater part of
them. Succeeding volumes are almost exclusively
the work of the ladies named, in varying proportions ;
but chiefly of Miss Smith, who is now practi-
callv sole artist of the Magazine, having contributed
all t'lie drawings for the current volume ; and J. N.
Fitch, whose work in otlier publications is familiar
to most lovers of flowers, is still lithographer. I
have been so much associated with Miss Smith in
her drawing for other publications that sympathy
might to some extent bias my judgment ; but the
fact that she has attained her present position speaks
for itself. Her latest drawings in the Magazine
augur well for the future, and must be a source of
satisfaction to Sir Joseph Hooker.

With regard to the subjects figured in the later
volumes of the Magazine, they compare favourably
with those of any period in point of interest, if not
quite in brilliancy ; and in spite of the number of
other publications illustrating cultivated plants, the
Botanical Magazine s\,\\\ holds its distinct place, which
it is to be hoped it may continue to maintain.

The 112th and last completed volume is fittingly
dedicated to Sir Trevor Lawrence, as President of
the Koyal Horticultural Society, and to the memory

of his mother, the late Mrs. Lawrence, of Ealing Park.

* With regard to Mr. W. H. Fitch's first work in tlw
Magazine, he informs me that I did not go far enough back.
th3 first T had observed bearing his initials being in the sixty-
third volume. He writes;— "It you look in vols. Ixi. and Ixii. yini
■wi'l find my name in the former, and all uninitialled plates
aremy drawine. SirWiUiamJ. Hooker put in most of the dis-
aections himself, as I was too young to be trusted." Accordingly
I have more carefully examined the volumes indicated, and I
Sail that pi. 3353 (Oct., 1831), Mimulua roseus, bears hia name.

Few persons, I daresay, have seen, or are even
aware of the existence of a large-paper copy of the
Botanical Magazine, but two or three exist, reaching
as far back, at least, as 1845, when Reeve Brothers
purchased the property. One is in the possession of
Sir Joseph Hooker, and, as might be expected, many
of the plates are much more effective on the larger
paper. In the library of the late Sir William
Hooker is a prospectus on the same size paper, issued
by Reeves in 1845. In this prospectus we are in-
formed that during its sixty years of existence the
Magazine had never failed to appear punctually on
the first day of every month, and it was the inten-
tion of the new proprietors to observe the same
regularity. Whether they have always succeeded I
do not know, but I can call to mind no delays. One
thing in the Magazine that has fallen off considerably
during this period is the hand-colouring of the plates.

I have already stated that it was not my intention
to attempt a review of the kindred literature of this
period, but I have alluded to some noteworthy
monographs of cultivated plants, and for the same
reasons I ought to mention some other works,
among them the Pinetum Britanicura, published by
Mr. Ravenscroft, edited by Andrew Murray, and
completed by Dr. Masters; Warner and Williams'
Orchid Album, illustrated by J. N. Fitch; and
the recently established Sander's Bcichenbachia,
illustrated by H. G. Moon and other artists, and
including at least one plate by W. H. Fitch. The
scientific part of the letterpress of this sumptuous
work is contributed by Dr. H. G. Reichenbach, whose
name must be known to every person who knows an Or-
chid. Thufi we are everywhere confronted with special-
ties, and a place was found even for inconspicuous
plants. The Sefugiiim Botanioum, as its title implies,
was started (by the late W. W. Saunders) for the pur-
pose of illustrating interesting rather than decorative
plants. Nevertheless, it is in accord with the tastes
of the time, and persons who cultivate other than
striking and showy plants will find it most useful.
There are five volumes, published in parts between
1869 and 1SS2, containing .360 plates by Fitch, with
descriptions by Dr. Reichenbach and Jlr. .1. G. Baker.
The first consists largely of bulbous plants, with
various species of Pelargonium and Cotoneaster ;
the second contains Orchids only; the third is mainly
devoted to bulbous plants and the section Echeveria,
of Cotyledon ; Aroids are the prominent feature of
the fourth, and Yuccas of the fifth. Elwes' Mono-
graph of Lilies and Maw's Monograph of Crocus are
too well known to need more than mere mention here.

Amongst the notable events of this pei-iod specially
deserving record here is the unparalleled International
Flower Show and Botanical Congress at South Ken-
sington in 1866, one of the results of which was
the acquisition of the Lindley Library in trust for
the Royal Horticultural Society. In the face of great
difficulties, and in spite of much adverse criticism,
some of which it has deserved, the Royal Horticultural
Society has done much to advance horticulture during
this period. The fortnightly meetings, the Scientific,
Fruit and Floral Committees, the various Congresses,
the numerous trial cultures at Chiswick under the
superintendence of Mr A. F. Barron, and the pub-
licatons connected therewith, have done good service,
and much of the work possesses permanent value.
May such old institutions as the Botanical Magazine
and the Horticultural Society continue to exist, and
continue to exert a beneficent influence I W. Bolting
Hemsleij.

Forestry.

found it no easy matter to get the Evergreen Oak to
take well to new ground. Frequent ti-ansplanting
whilst in the nursery ground is the only sure method
of dealing with this tree.

The value of Holly for planting in windy sites is
acknowledged, and it is just the plant to employ as
shelter stuff. For planting with the Evergreen Oak on
the edges of old or open woods few plants of like size
can be compared with these, and both succeed well
at considerable elevations. The owner of such
woodlands cannot do better, whether for appearance
or for game covert, than plant here and there Holly
and Evergreen 0.ak. Another subject forplantingwith
these is the Yew, and certainly few shrubs or trees
are more hardy, or have the same quite-at-home
aspect away on the mountain-side, as this handsome
plant. By dotting a few of these trees through the
woodlands their winter aspect is much improved, a
warmth and well-clothed appearance being imparted
to their outline, and that at no great expense.

Coniferous trees that have been found suitable for
planting in windy sites are but few, at least, the only
kinds that, from actual experience, we can reccom-
raend, being Pinus Pinaster (the Cluster Pine), P.
austriaca (the black Austrian Pine), P. Laricio (the
Corsican Pine), P. sylvestris (the Scotch Pine), the
common Spruce (Picea e.xcelsa). and in certain situ-
ations Lari.x europiea (the common Larch).

Perhaps the Cluster Pine has no equal, and
there is no better subject for the seaside, and the
tree does well on the poorest sands. The Austrian
and Corsican Pines we have used with a great
amount of success for planting along the margins of
seaside or mountain woods.

The common Spruce must on no account be
omitted from our list of trees that are suitable to
withstand wind. As a generally all-round tree the
Spruce must be considered as an acquisition of no
mean value, for not only is its timber of consider-
able value in a commercial sense, but it thrives well
under what must be considered as adverse conditions,
and forms an almost impenetrable wall of green it
duly attended to in the way of pruning and heading
down.

Amongst shrubs that have been found suitable
for planting in cold windy positions we may make
particular mention of the Aucuba, Daphne of sorts,
common Laurel. Philadelphus, Weigela rosea,
Rhododendron, Furze, especially the double-flowered
kind ; Ribes sanguineum, Spanish and common
Broom. Mahonia aquifolia, Lilac, and Box.

In pl.anting these shrubs strict attention .should be
paid to the ground intended to receive them, which
must be well prepared and broken up, but if poor,
enriched by vegetable matter or loam, and the surface,
after planting, mulched with manure. This latter
cannot be too highly commended for placing armmd
shrubs planted under adverse conditions. The
pits to receive the plants should be of large size —
that is, large in ])roportion to the roots, and well
loosened around the edges and in the centre with a
pick. In selecting trees and shrubs for the above
purpose, choose only such as have been grown in a
moderately exposed nursery, and with an abundance
of healthy fibrous roots. A.D. Webster.

The Douglas Fm.
The following is a full detail of the acreage planted
with the Douglas Fir, by Mr. William McCorquo-
dale, on the Earl of Mansfield's Perthshire estates,
and it is probably the largest area yet planted in
Britain by any individual : —

Plantino in Exposed Situations : Evergreen
Trees. — Few trees succeed standing in exposed situa-
tions so well as the Evergreen Oak. From long expe-
rience I can confidently recommend this evergreen tree
for planting in bleak positions where few others could
succeed. For screening and sheltering buildings the
Evergreen Oak is of great value, its stout branches
and hard foliage rendering it peculiarly well fitted
for battling with the wind. Some little difliculty is
usually met with in the transplanting of tliis tree,
indeed, what might be called experienced hands have

Planted in

Acres.

1. Lynedoch

IS.Jl

S

Douglas Fir. 9 ft.
apart, with Larch

2. Scone

1857

13

9 ft. apart, and
Larch as nurses.

.•i. T.ivmouut

1860

8

Do. do.

4. Logiealmond

1871

4

Do. do.

.5. Scone

1830

37

Do. do.

6. Scone

1881

20

Do. do.

7. Scone

1SS4

3

Do. do.

8. Scone

1886

18

Do. do.

Total acreage ...

103

Planted with the
Douglas Fir. at
9 ft. apart, with
Larch as nurses.

The 13 acres planted in 1857 had a few Scots Fir
mixed with the Larch as nurses ; and the 18 acres
planted in 1886 have also a few Scots Fir mixed
with the Larch.

November 19, 1887.1

THE GABDENEFS' G SB ONI CLE.

623

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE CALCEOLAKIA.
This requires very much the same treatment as
the Cineraria, and it has this advantage over it, tliat
it passes through the winter in a cooler temperature.
The plants are very liable indeed to be attacked by
greenfly, and require as much care to keep the leaves
clean as the Cineraria does. Plants that have been
propagated by division of the old plants require
rather more attention than seedlings do. Their older
stems are liable to rot off in some way, so that half
the plant, or a portion of it, may have to be removed.
This is sometimes caused by a damp atmosphere, but
at other times over-feeding will do it. Too strong
doses of manure-water will kill the roots both of
Cinerarias and Calceolarias, and this will cause parts
of the different plants to die off.

The Pansy.

A collection of the best Pansies planted in beds
or borders forms a most attractive feature in any
garden during the spring months, but the plants
should always be well established before the winter
sets in. A strong vigorous plant with a firm hold
of the ground may pass through the winter without
injury, while one that is of small size and late
planted might perish. The quality of the soil is also
of importance — a wet heavy loam being the worst ;
soil of tliis description may be greatly improved by
the addition of road-sand and leaf-mould. "Well
enriched light garden mould is best for Pansies. The
Pansy is also one of the very best garden plants for
an unheated liouse or frame. The ricli and varied
colours of the flowers are of the sweetest when all
out-of-doors flowers are nipped with the biting blast
in March or earlier. I grow good large plants in
7 or S-inch pots ; in these they should now be
established. Let them have plenty of air and light,
and peg the shoots down over the surface until each
specimen forms a compact mass, quite covering it.
Small plants of each variety ought to be grown in
60-si7,ed pots in order to make good any plants that
may perish out-of-doors during winter. J. Douglas.

Plants and Their Culture.

SoFT-wooDED Heaths. — The easy way in which
these may be managed as compared with hard-
wooded species, and their freeness of bloom, en-
title them to be largely grown. The best place
in which to bloom them is a low, light, and airy
house, or pit, where they can be arranged near the
glass, and freely aired whenever mild weather allows
of it being done, while artificial heat should be only
used when needed to exclude frost. E. gracilis
autumnalis, E. gracilis vernalis, E. melanthera, E,
hyemalis, and E. AA'ilmoreana, are useful varieties,
and may be bought at a cheap price. At this sea-
son, when the pots of E. hyemalis and E. Wil-
moreana, are well filled with roots, the plants need
close attention in watering, for should their roots get
very dry the flowering shoots become injured, which
no after-treatment will rectify.

Epacris. — These are almost as desirable as Heaths
for flowering in the winter and spring months, and
in order to develope their flower-spikes they require
a similar position ; but, unlike Heaths, their period
of flowering may be safely and considerably advanced
•by moderate use of artificial heat. They at all times
need careful watering, especially during winter, when
growth is inactive. Giving frequent driblets is a
ruinous practice, but they should not be watered
before their soil has become tolerably dry. and then
enough should be given to moisten the whole ball.
The non-observance of this rule is accountable for
the loss of many plants. Kinds with a spreading
habit of growth, such as Eclipse and miniata splen-
dens, may be kept in good shape by raising them
upon inverted flower-pots, so that they are not
cramped for room by each other or other plants.

Lachenatias. — Tliese having now made a good
start will be improved in foliage and flower if occa-
sionally supplied with liquid manure. Cool pits, or
shelves near the roof in cool-houses, where they can
have plenty of fresh air, are suitable places for the
plants. Drawn foliage detracts considerably from
their be.auty, and for this reason it is not advisable
to force them, although by this means their blossom-
spikes may be to some extent forwarded.

Sfatices.—Jt is not advisable to allow these to get
stunted by subjecting them to very low temperature
in the winter ; results are most satisfactory when
they are kept gently growing in a night temperature
of about 45°, with a moderate rise in the daytime.
Much less water will be required than during the
summer months, yet at no time should the roots be
suffered to become dry. Cold draughts are likewise
injurious, and should be guarded against by keeping
a somewhat closer and more moist temperature th.an
is desirable for ordinary greenhouse plants; syringing
should, however, be withheld, and red-spider, thrijjs,
&c., be' removed by sponging, Thomas Coombir,
Hendre, Moniiinuth.

The Flower Garden.

SHRcnBERiES.— The deciduous trees having now
shed their foliage, a general clean-up should take
place. It is a too common practice to dig shrub beds
at the present season. This is a mistalce, unless the
beds are newly planted, and the roots have not
become interlaced. Rhododendrons, Kalmias,
Azaleas, and all peat-loving plants are surface-
rooters, and very serious injury is inflicted on them
bv digging amongst them with spade or fork.
The leaves which accumulate in such beds are of
value to the plants, protecting the roots from frost
in winter, and preventing the escape of moisture in
summer. For the sake of appearance only in close
proximity to walks should the fallen leaves be
removed ; nor is this necessary, as a little old potting-
shed soil scattered over the top will prevent the wind
blowing them about, and make all neat. Owing to
the mildness of the season the buds of many plants
are in a forward state and protecting materials
should be kept handy, so as to be used on any sudden
change of the weather. The protection of Laurus-
tinus and other tender shrubs should now be seen
to, frost as a rule doing less damage to those than
cutting winds. A screen of Spruce branches from
which the needles have fallen is the best, for while
it filters the wind it does not shade the plants; such
screens should stand at least a foot above the plants.

P;s)M!i«5'.— Continue the planting of all sorts of
deciduous trees and shrubs when the weather is
favourable for carrying on such operations. If the
soil is in a plastic state the work had better be
deferred. See that the pits are considerably larger
than the balls, especially if the ground has not been
previously trenched. In many instances the death
of valuable trees and shrubs is traceable to their
being planted in small holes, where the surrounding
surface has not been moved, with the result that the
holes which contain the plants relieves all the sur-
face drainings, and the pit becomes a bog. Avoid
deep planting ; let the ball of the plant be merely
covered with fresh soil, and in cases where no ball
exists do not allow the soil to be raised liigher on
the stem than the previous soil mark. W. M. BailUe,
Luton Hoo Gardens.

Fruits Under Glass.

Vines. — Anv Vines intended for early forcing
should be seen" to at once where ripe Grapes are re-
quired about the end of April. In most cases the
Muscat Vines will have shed their leaves, and the
remaining bunches should be cut with a good length
of wood attached for inserting in bottles of rain-
water having some pieces of charcoal in them. The
Grape-room should have a temperature of from 45°
to 50° througliout tlie winter and spring. The
bundles should be looked over frequently to remove
decayed berries. When the shoot attached to the
bunches is placed in the bottles the neck should be
packed with wool to prevent evaporation of moisture.
Late varieties still hanging on the Vines in properly
constructed houses may be allowed to remain a few
weeks longer, and must also receive the same kind of
attention as those in the Grape-room. Maintain a
dry airy atmosphere in the houses meanwhile, and a
minimum temperature of from 45° to 50°. After
the Grapes have been cut in tlie Muscat-house, prune
the Vines back to a good plump bud, removing at the
same time any unsightly spurs that may be on the
Vines, wherever young shoots of this year's growth
from the main stem are procurable to take their
place, and cut these back to one bud from its
base. The washing of the Vines, cleansing of the
house, top-dressing of the border, &c.. should then

be attended to and an abundance of air should be
afterwards admitted to the house until the starting
time (New Year) arrives. //. IF. Ward.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Varieties of Pldms to Plant. — The earliest as
well as some of the latest varieties of tliese should
be planted on walls having a south aspect, the
medium season ones on west and east aspects, and
the bulk of the late varieties on walls facing north
and north-west. Some should also be grown as
pyramids. By these various modes a long season for
these fruits may be ensured.

Earlv. for dessert:— Early Prolific, Bryanston Green
Gage, Green Gage, Collins' Golden Gage, and Czar.

Mid-season : — Coe's Golden Drop, Guthrie's Late
Green, Kirke's, Jefferson's Transparent Gage, and
Woolston Black Gage.

Late ;— Ickworth Imperatrice, and Heine Claude de
Bavav.

Early kitchen varieties ;— Early Rivers, Early
Orleans, and Belgian Purple.

Late : — Autumn Compote, Cox's Emperor, Pond's
Seedling, Orleans, Victoria, Red Magnum Bonum,
Washington White Magnum Bonum, Downtcn
Imperatrice, and the Wyedale— the latest of all.

Cken-ies.— These should be grown as wall trees ( r
in some way tliat permits of the trees being easily
netted in to preserve the fruit from the birds.

Early varieties: — The best are Belle d'Orleans,
Bowver's Early Heart, Werder's Early Black.

Mid-season varieties:— Elton, Governor Wood,
May Duke. White Heart, Kentish Bigarreau, and
Bigarreau Napoleon.

Morello Cherries should be grown on walls facing
east or north, and in larger number in proportii n
than other varieties, the fruits being much in requeit
in most families for culinary and dessert purposes
and until late in the season.

Apricots should either be grown on south or western
aspects. The best varieties for general purposes are
Breda, Hemskirk, Large Early, and Moor Park.

Peaches. — These will require to be grown as wall
trees with a south aspect. A good selection of hardy
varieties are the following : — Early Beatrice, Alex-
ander, Hale's Early, Condor, Royal George. Prince of
Wales, Sea Eagle, Stirling Castle, and Walburton
Admirable.

Kectarines. — Lord Napier, Elruge, Pitmaston
Orange, Hunt's Tawny, and Hardwicke Seedling.

Currajits.—GooA kinds are :— Lee's Prolific and
Black Naples, black varieties ; Red Dutch, Cherry
Red, Raby Castle, red varieties ; White Dutch and
White Transparent, white varieties.

Gooseberries. — Red varieties: — Crown Bob, Iron-
monger, Red Champagne, Rough Red, Warrington,
Whinham's Industry. Yellow varieties:- Goldtn
Prop, Perfection, and Y'ellow Champagne. Gre(n
varieties: — Green Gascoigne, Langley Green, and
Pitmaston Green Gage. White varieties :— Early
White, White Champagne.and Whitesmith. E. JVaid,
Hewell. Bromsgrove.

The Kitchen Garden.

PoTATOs. — Where early varieties are grown in pots
or boxes some of the most forward sets of an early
sort should be placed on end in shallow boxes,
lightly covered with leaf-soil, and placed in heat, to
excite them to start, previous to planting.

General JFoi-/.-.— All digging and trenching should
be pushed on, and the sites for the principal main-
crops of next season decided on, the ground being
prepared accordingly, bearing in mind that, as a rule,
all roots should be grown on ground deeply dug or
trenched, and which has been manured for the pre-
vious crop, whilst for Cauliflowers, Cabbage. Peas,
&c., it cannot be too heavily manured. Plots of
ground known to be infested with insect pests, such
as wireworm, &c., should, after being turned up, re-
ceive a liberal top-dressing of fresh slacked lime,
soot, or salt, to be washed in by the winter rains and
incorporated with the surface soil by occasional fork-
ings. To give the garden as neat and orderly an ap-
pearance as possible at this dull season of the year
all refuse of garden crops, leaves, &c., should be
cleared awav forthwith; the walks also should be
swept clear of leaves, and before they become trodden
nnder foot and encrusted with the surface gravel.
John Anstcn Witley Court Gardens.

024

THE GARDE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

IXOVKMBKR V\ 1887.

Advei'tisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position in the paper be yuaran-
tecd for advertisements occupyiny less space
than an entire column.

GARDENEKS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGKAMS.
NOTICE to Correspondents. Advertisers, Sub-
scribers and others. The Reijistered Address
fur Foreiyn and Inland Teleu rams is
"CiARDCHRON, LONDON."
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,

No. 43, DRUEY LANE.

Now ready, In clotli, lis. 6cl.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series. .TAN. to JUNE. ISST.
W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strund. W.C.

fTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

-t- IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to Aineric;i, iucludiiig Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— C. H. MAEOT, 814, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U..S.A., to uhoni American Orders may be sent.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETINGS.

i National Chrvsauthcmmn Floral
23-' Committee, '

I Royal ilicroscopical Society.

SHOWS.

, 1>1— Wuherhnmpton (two days).

.'erpool Horticultural Association
s postponed to Novemljer 29 and

and labour over a collection of such plants at
Kew. Xew or little known species, such as may
be utilised by the gardener of the future, should
be in all cases well represented, but of the com-
moner kinds we may well be content with a few
well-grown plants for decorative purposes. The
same remark applies to Cattleyas or Koses, or to
any of the popular plants of "the day. A small
well-grown representative collection should suffice :
but with some other things the case is different.
Take, for instance, Palms and Agaves, C'ycads or
Tree Ferns. Such plants are too large to be
grown on any considerable scale in any private
establishment, nevertheless the intriusio interest
attaching to them is far superior to that belong-
ing to the popular flowers of the day. Again,

WEDNESDAY. No

MONDAY. No

TL'ESD.\Y, Ni

30.

WEDNESDAY,
FRIDAY,

WEDNESDAY,

Isle of Thanet (two days).

V IV >■) 1 Bristol (two days).
- "* . '!'>■) Bedford (two days).
Nrtv 9- J Pontefract (two days).
■ "* . -= j Eccles (two days).

SALES.

!' Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Nursery Stock, at The Nurseries,
Bagshot, bv Jlr. Steveus (three
. days).
I Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morns'

I Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Greenhouses, Sic, at WiUesden
Green, by Protheroe & Morris.
Ferns, Roses. &c.. at tlie City Auc-
tion Rooms, by Protheroe &l

! Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border

I Plants, Dutch Bulbs, &c., at
N V -^^.^ Stevens' Rooms.
■^'^"•-'■,5000 Lilinm auratum and odier

I Bulbs. Plants. &c.. at Protheroe

', Si Morris' Ituoms.

-Tree and other Ferns, from the

/ Colouial and Indian Exhibitiou,
at the Royal Horticultural So-
ciety's Gardens, Cliiswick. by Mr.
Nov. 24- Steveus.

Importations of Orchids, at Stevens'

) Pvooms.

I Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

V Rooms.

to every one. The visitor to Miss North's Gallery
may judge for himself as to their brilliancy of
colouring, and may fairly ask why so remarkable
a genus is so poorly represented in the living
state.' The species, moreover, are not well
known botanically, and we know no better plan
of increasing and correcting our knowledge than
that of studying and comparing them in every
stage of their growth ; and this can only be
done in an establishment like that at Kew. A
similar remark applies to the physiological history
of these plants. The public was startled a few-
years ago by the announcement that some plants
were carnivorous — af act long familiar to botanists,
but one, the full significance of which is even now
only imperfectly known. The full solution of

Fig. 12J. — saual palii, N.vnvE in jaiiaica. (see p. G25.)

' Pjjses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs. Border
( Plauts, Dutch Bulbs, &c., at
; Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs.at Protheroe &Morri»'

In a vast institution like that at
Pitcher Plants. Kew it is Unreasonable to expect

that any particular department
shall be as complete and well organised as is the
case with private or commercial establishments.
Private fancies or business exigencies often bring
about a concentration of effort upon a few sub-
jects, and result in an amount of success in
those particular matters to which a public estab-
lishment could not, we may say ought not, to
attain. Nowadays, for instance, when every
nurseryman grows Chrysanthemums, and every
amateur has a houseful of them, when Chrysan-
themum exhibitions may be counted by the
hundred, it is surely unnecessary to waste time

take the case of the Nepentbi-s. \\hat group of
plants is there that can be named that exceeds
this one in singularity of form, beauty of
colour, and botanical interest 'f and yet there
are comparatively few private establishments in
which any collection of these plants is to be seen,
or even could be seen. Such, then, are among
the plants that we should like to see thoroughly
well represented at Kew. It is not every one
who is privileged to see the amazing spectacle
which Messrs. Veitcii's Nepenthes-house pre-
sents in late autumn. We cannot all go to
(Tlasnevin or Edinburgh, but the public has a
right, in our opinion, to see them at Kew. The
genus is, however, very inadequately represented
in the Koyal Gardens, and what plants there are
are small, and by no means representative. The
beauty and singularity of the plants are obvious

these problems, only possilile in siich an establish-
ment as that at Kew, with its sto\'es and laboratory,
would not only be of great importance to physi-
ology generally, but would undoubtedly contri-
bute largely to the benefit of practical horticul-
ture. In a country in which horticulture and
agriculture are financially and economically of
such vast importance, it is strange that so little
is done by our Government to foster such
productive departments.

It is all very well to look on Kew as a garden
for the recreation and delight of the masses — that
is one object doubtless, but it is not the highest
and most important. The progress of botanical
science and its applications to industry and com-
merce, are of far more consequence to the nation.
There are parks and pleasure grounds in plenty
in the neighbourhood of Kew, but there is but

XovE>raER 19, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

625

one Kew Gardens in the world. No part of it
can be neglected with impunity, so that we fully
concur with our colleague of the Gardeners'
Maffa:ine in his remarks upon the scandalous
neglect of the Government in allowing the
Temperate-house to remain — as it has remained
for more than a quarter of a century — unfinished.
This, however, is a large matter, a Nepenthes-
house is comparatively a minor matter as to cost :

yir. MoEEis' account of the habitat and of the
peculiarities of this Palm is exceedingly interest-
ing, but too long to be repeated on this occasion.
We avail ourselves, however, of Mr. Morris'
kindness by laying before our readers an illus-
tration of the tree in question, as growing in its
native country (fig. \Q-2). The trunk attains a
height of 90 — 100 feet, with an average circum-
ference of .") — 6 feet. The outer portions are

kindly furnished by Mr. Haut, now the Colonial
Botanist of that island, but formerly a colleague
of Mr. MoKRis, in .Jamaica. The smaller one of
the two closely resembles S. Blackburniana, while
th ■ taller one is recognised by Mr. Hart as in
all probability the same as that with which he
was familiar in .Tamaica (fig 123). The botanical
history of the two Palms mentioned is involved,
and henc», as a contribution to the solution of

Fig. 123. — sabal palms in the botanic gaeden, tbisidad.

and now that the Orchid collection has been so
much improved, both in extent and in cultivation,
we may hope to see the Nepenthes taken in hand
in the same way.

In our nimiber for February 4,
Palms. 1882, Mr. D. JIoreis, now Assist-

ant-Director, Royal Gardens, Ivew,
was good enough to furnish us with some par-
ticulars concerning the Big Thatch Palm of
Jamaica, supposed to be the Sabal umbraculifera,

destitute of ring-marks and extremely hard, while
the interior portion is much softer. The leaves
form a head 25 or 30 feet across, each leaf being
suborbicular, glaucescent, •") — 6 feet across, and
more or less deeply divided into narrow acute
segments. The tree covers thousands of acres
of slightly elevated ground in the vicinity of the
lagoons, producing, as may well be imagined, a
singular and magnificent effect.

Some time after the receipt of Mr. Morris'
photograph in February last we received other
photographs fronj the JJotanic Qarden, Trinidad,

the problem, we give illustrations of these noble
Palms, which will show to our readers in the
hotter regions of the globe, what magnificent
subjects are within their reach, while even on
a small scale in our stoves there are few more
noble plants than these Sabals.

Paris Exhibition of issg.— The ninth divisioa

of the programme comprises six classes to be devoted
respectively to plant-houses and horticultural appli-
ances, flowers and hardy ornamental plants, kitchen
garden plants, fruit and fruit trees, seeds and forest

626

THE GABDENERS' CHBONinLE.

[NOMiMBER 19, 1887.

trees, and stove jilants. Tlie park of the Trocadero and
the two outer galleries of tlie palace will be devoted
to horticulture. Shrubberies and beds will be allotted
to the exhibition of hardy plants, as well as a large
number of greenhouses, and two large tents, each
l.iOO yards long, will be put at the disposition of the
exhibitors of fruits, vegetables, and cut Howers, while
the two long outer galleries of the Trocadero will be
devoted to matters connected to horticultural industry
and education, while a space of 4000 metres will be
assigned to fruit trees and market garden produce.
The ground may be iilanted by intending exhibitors
early in 1888, but the exhibition itself will not be
opened until Jlay G, 1889, and will remain open till
October .'SI. A. series of international competitions
will be held at the following dates :— May 6—11;
*May24— 23; .JuneT— 12; June21— 27; *.iuly 12 -
17 ; August 2—7 ; August 16-21 ; September 6—11 ;
September 20—25 ; *October 4—9 ; October 18—2;!.
The competitions on the dates to which an asterisk
is prefixed will be of a general character, the others
will be devoted to specialties according to the

Ghent Quinquennial.— This grand inter-
national tournament will take place at Ghent undcM-
the auspices of the Royal Agricultural and Bo-
tanical Society of Ghent. It will open on April l.i,
and remain on view till April 22, 1888. As prizes,
eighteen subjects of Art, 120 gold medals, 500 silver-
gilt medals, and 550 silver medals, are offered for
competition in the 410 classes of the schedule.

Fruiting of Calla (Richardia) yETHiopicA.

— A correspondent obligingly sends us a fruiting
specimen of this, which has been ripened in the open
air in London. This is certainly an unusual occur-
rence. We do not remember to have before heard of
such an event.

CARTER'S Provident Sick Fund. — The

second annual meeting— Mr. C. H. Shabjun in the
chair— was held on Tuesday, the 8th inst., at Messrs.
.Tasies Carter & Co.'s, Queen's Seedsmen, Higli
Holborn, and was attended by about 250 members.
The report and balance-sheet were read and adopted,
various suggestions for increasing the usefulness of
the Society being given, and the necessary .amend-
ments of the rules made. During the second year
of the Society's existence the number of members on
the register had risen from 268 to 353. A further
sum of £20 was added to the reserve fund. A dona-
tion of £10 was made to the Hospital Saturdav
Fund; and not the least pleasing feature in the
meeting was the solicitude displa3'ed by the members
to make a provision so early in the Society's existence
for the assistance of widows or orphans of deceased
members, and a proposition was made that a subscri]i-
tion should be given to the Gardeners' Orphan Fund,
which, it was thought, would secure the objects in
view; but after a discussion it w.is seen that the
benefits to be derived from that source would neces-
sarily be very limited in extent, not being available
for the relief of any but the orphans of managers or
departmental foremen in nursery and seed establish-
ments ; an amendment was therefore proposed and
carried unanimously — that the reserve fund should be
charged to the extent of £10 'per annum for that
object when required.

Pietermaritzburg Botanic Garden.— Mr.

H. Brice, formerly with Messrs. Hugu Low &
Co., of Clapton, has' been appointed Curator of this
garden. The late Curator, Mr, Harris, has estab-
lished a nursery business at Barberton, Transvaal.

Apple and Pear Congress at;Harpenden.

—This will take place in the British School, at Har-
penden, on December 7, and the day's proceedings will
commence with an exhibition of Apples and Fears
by members of the local Horticultural Society,
eleven classes being provided. At 5 o'clock papers
will be read "On the History of the Apple," "On
Ripening, Gathering, and Keeping Apples and Pears,"
by Lieut.-Col, DaRNroRD ; " On the Cordon System

of Training Apple and Pear Trees," by Mr. J. Cheal,
Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley; "On the Cultivation of
the Apple and Pear," by Mr. W. F. Emptage, St.
Alb.ins ; and " On the Importation of Foreign Apples
and Pears, and the Influence on the British F'ruit
Trade," by Mr. Richard Dean, of Ealing. The pro-
posal to hold the Congress has created a good deal
of local interest, and a very successful gathering is
expected. The Secretary to the Congress is Mr.
John J. Wit.lis, who is the Secretary of the Harpen-
den Horticultural Society, which is promoting tlie
meeting.

MANDEVILLA SUAVEOLENS.— Jlr. A. Hexdeii-
SON, The Gardens, Mabledon Park, obligingly sends
us pods of this plant. They are long cylindriciil
pods, like the leaves of a Scuticaria, and constitute a
good illustration of the " double follicle " charac-
teristic of the Asclepiads and Apocynads.

Royal Microscopical Society.— The next

mHirrsa-ione of the Society will be held on Wed-
nesday, the 23rd inst., at 8 o'clock precisely.

Poisonous Honey.— A very interesting com-
munication on this subject was made at a recent
meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society by Dr.
Thresh. The speaker alluded to the history ot
the subject from Xenophon, and the " Retreat of the
Ten Thousand." to Consul Biliotti in our times. "
The general impression has always been that the
poisonous ert'ects of Trebizonde honey was due to the
honey having been gathered from the flowers of
Azalea pontica. Consul Biliotti, however, attri-
buted the mischief to the flowers of Datura Stra-
monium, With a view to clear up this point. Dr.
Thresh has analysed some of the honey from Trebi-
zonde reputed to be poisonous. We cannot follow
the lecturer in the details of his experiments. It
must suffice to say that they give no support to the
view that the poison is due either to the Datura or
the Oleander, while they do lend confirmation to the
view that the Azalea is the source of the poison.
Mr. Holmes added some interesting details to Dr.
Thresh's commuication, citing references in the
Botanical. Magazine of 1799, and in our own columns
(1883) from the Rev. C. Wollev Dod and Jlr. Ross.

Vegetation at Bournemouth. — Notwith-
standing the excessively hot summer and the early
frosts which sadly deranged the gardens all over the
country, the Bournemouth gardens still exhibit
evidence of the favourable climate there by the
freshness and vigour of the trees shrubs, and pl.ants
in them. Chrysanthemums are well in bloom
outdoors, Tritomas, Marigolds, Mignonette, Violas
are still good, and Pelargoniums in the beds are not
yet utterly destroyed. In the gardens of F. J.
Bright, Esq.. of Roccabrunna, and other places,
Camellias, Eucalyptus, Azalea amajna, and other
tender things are flourishing vigorously outdoors,
and everywhere the Bay trees, Rhododendrons,
Arbutus, and Laurustinus are fresh and vigorous to a
degree unknown in most parts of the country, the
flowers of the two last named being very fine. On
the cliffs the Gorse still give some flowers, and every-
where the varieties of Enonymus, which seem to like
the sea air, are bright and effectivi'.

The Colour of Coloured Leaves.— Dr.

T. W. Exoeljiann, says the Pliin-iimccutieal Jniiriial.
has invEstig.ated the cause of the colour in coloured
leaves where the colouring is normal. He finds it
due to two difTerent causes — a variation in the
colour of the assimilating chlorophyll-grains, and
the occurrence in the leaf of special pigments in
addition to the normal chlorophyll. In the first case
the colouring matter appears to be invariably of a
light shade, and either pure yellow or yellow-green,
with every transition between this and ordinarv
chlorophyll-green; in the second case it is usually
red-brown, dark purple-brown, purple-red, or violet.
In the first group of cases the proportion of colour-
ing substance is often nearly uniform in the same
species. In the yellow variety of the Elder the tint

does not appear to be due to a pure xanthophyll, but
to a mixture of chlorophyllan with a small quantity
of true chlorophyll. In more refrangible light
(about X=053 ^) the yellow cells decompose rela-
tively, if not absolutely, more carbon dioxide than
the green cells do ; while in red and green light the
green cells decompose, both relatively and absolutely,
more than the yellow. In the second group the seat
of the pigment is usually the cell-sap, less often the
cell-wall ; in the latter case the colouring is mostly
confined to small portions of the surface, causing
variegated leaves, as in the zonal Pelargoniums. Of
leaves coloured by soluble pigments. Dr. Engelmann
has examined about fifty kinds. These may be
divided into two sections, connected with one another
by intermediate forms — those in which the leaves are
normally coloured during the whole or the greater
part of their existence, and those which are coloured
only when young. In both these cases the colouring
is usually, but not always, spread over the whole
surface of the leaf. That cells containing a purple
sap can decompose carbon dioxide as energetically as
those which contain pure chlorophyll is shown by the
vigour exhibited by the Copper Beech, the various
species of Coleus, &c.

Water Plants in Public Reservoirs.— A

correspondent, living in one of our most important
Midland towns, sends the following: — " The storage
reservoirs which supply water to one of our large
towns 'are much infested at certain seasons of the
year with minute Alg:c of several genera — Clathro-
cystis, Anabosna, Aphanizomenon, &c. The man-
aging committee are anxious to get rid of these
Algx, because they choke the filter-beds, and
cause extra expense. It has been suggested that
when the water is low, and much of the beds of the
reservoirs left dry, these should be lime-washed or
dusted over with ground quick-lime to destroy the
spores which are probably lying on the mud. But it
has also been suggested that if this were done the
lime would prove ultimately to be a fertiliser, and
would increase the vegetable growth. Any trust-
worthy advice on this subject would no doubt be
very acceptable to many water committees through-
out the country ; meanwhile covered reservoirs,
which exclude the light, should, wherever possible,
be introduced. Several other questions also await
satisfactory replies. For instance, are water-weeds,
such as Potamogeton, Myriophyllum, Ranunculus
aquatilis, &c. ; and shore plants, sucli as Iris, Carex,
Glyceria, &c., injurious or beneficial to water which
is to be supplied to towns ? Are owans really useful
in devouring AlgjE, or do they cause as much pollu-
tion as benefit? What is the effect offish upon the
water, and would any species be helpful in con-
suming the Alga:? Having regard to the growing
importance of the water-supply of the country, these
and similar questions might well form the subject of
inquiry by a Government Commission or some
scientic society. Meanwhile any information would
be a public benefit."

Truffle Culture.— One of our correspon-
dents lately made enquiries on this subject, and for
his benefit as well as that of others interested in
the matter, we may note what JI. Kiefer says in
the RxiK Horticde. That gentleman having
selected a site similar as to conditions of soil to that
in which the Truffles grow naturally, trenches it to
a de])th of a foot, then s])reads on the surface of the
soil a small quantity of sal ammoniac (chlorhydrate
of ammonia). Four years after, M. Kiefer ob-
tained a crop estimated at 60 kilogrammes the
hectare. In other situations M. Kiefek has simply
transferred some soil from places where TrulHes grew,
and also with good results.

A " Monster" Flowered Water-Lily.— A

plant of Nyiniiluea Lulus ill the Kew collection has
recently assumed an extraordinary character, jjro-
ducing, instead of flowers, something very similar to
the tubers developed ac the root. Early in the
summer this jilant flowered very freely, and it niav
be well to mention that instead of having rested last

November 19, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

627

winter this particular plant had been kept growing
from September onwards. It was brought to Kew
about that time bv Sir John Kirk, who had brought
it with him from Zanzibar. After flowering well for
some time it suddenly ceased, although there were
numerous flower-buds in all stages of development,
and these grew but never expanded. On examining
them it was found that they had become metamor-
phosed through some cause into tubers. The stalk and
sepals were exactly as in a normal flower, but in the
place of petals, stamens, and pistil, there was a solid
body a little larger than a Walnut, and bearing
several small leaves with buds at intervals of three-
quarters of an inch all round it. These buds appear
to be similar to those formed in the apex of a root-
tuber of a Nymphaia. There are a great many of
these singular productions on this plant.

Orchids in Flower at Mr. W. Bull's.—

Among a beautiful display of Orchids now in blossom
at this nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, are the
following rare plauts : — Vanda Sanderiana. Lycaste
Skinneri alba, Masdevallia torta (an extremely rare
species), Oncidium macranthum, Odontoglossum
Insleayi splendens, Cattleya aurea magnifica,
Cattleya Bowringiana, Cymbidiuna elegans.

The Sacred Bo Tree of Ceylon.— Your

Buddhist readers (says a writer in the AtheiKPum) will
receive with dismay, as will others with concern, the
news which the last mail brings from Ceylnn. The
sacred Bo tree of Anuziidhapura (I'icus religi-
osa), the most ancient and authentic relic of
Guatama, and probably the most aged tree in
the world, has been shattered in a storm.
The facts, as related by more than one
local correspondent of the Colombo newspapers, are
as follows: — The district of Anuziidhapura suffered
this year, as it frequently does, from a continuous
drought of eight months. On October 4 the in-
habitants were bidden by beat of tom-tom to assemble
at the Bo tree and pray for rain. The same night,
apparently before the invocation, the storm broke
with a violent wind, lightning, thunder, and rain.
The main branch of the sacred tree was severed,
leaving only a stem of 4 feet ; but whether this is in
height or in circumference is not stated. AVhat
remains of our present information must be of
interest to students of ritual. The Bo tree is a
semi-sentient being ; it is "worshipful" and " ever
victorions." Wherefore, when a part of it dies, it
receives last rites, similar to those paid to kings and
priests, the most honoured of mankind — it is cre-
mated. This ceremony took place with full
honours on Octobar 6. Early in the morning two
men called Jcapitwas (cutters), arrayed in suits of
black, arrived at the tree. " They covered up
their mouths with black handkerchiefs, tying
the ends at the back of their head, and with a small
cross-cut saw divided the broken branch."' Two
tom-tom beaters supplied the music of their craft
while the ceremony proceeded. The branch was
then sawn into convenient pieces, and loaded in a
cart "prepared for the purpose with white cloth
ceiling," &c. Thus was it borne in pcrahcra (solemn
procession) to the Thupriraraa Dfigoba, where the
cremation of the local chief priests is wont to be
held. The ashes were reverently carried to the tank
of Tisawewa hard by, and there dissolved. Le Boi
est mort, vive h Eoi ! The remnant of the tree now
received its appropriate treatment. Women bore
water for the bathing of the bleeding trunk, and on
the following night the Pirit service, for the exorcism
of evil spirits, was solemnly performed at the time-
honoured site, where the remaining stem, though
probably unsightly now, will in time flourish with
all the vitality of the Ficns religiosa. Meantime,
let the Ceylon Observer continue to cherish the hope
that this accident to the Bo tree "will be the down-
fall of Buddhism in Ceylon.''

St. Neots Chrysanthemum Society.— The
annual exhibition of this Societv took place in the
Corn Exchange, on November 8, and, the season con-
sidered, a very creditable show resulted. The ar-

rangements were carried out efliciently by Mr. W.
Eatcitelous, who is also the Secretary of the local
horticultural society. The leading class was for
twelve blooms of incurved and twelve blooms of
Japanese Chrysanthemums; Mr. A. Fowkes, Cyril
Street, Northampton, being 1st; and a local growc^r,
Mr. G. Redman, gr. to J. H. Goodgame, Esq., being
2nd. Mr. Redman took several 1st prizes in other
classes ; and Mr. Tillurook, gr. to B, Browk, Esq.,
Huntingdon, also exhibited in good form. Jlr. Till-
BROOE had the best twelve dishes of fruit, stagingex-
cellent Alicante and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes,
three varieties of Apples, three of Pears, Impera-
trice Plums. St, Michael Oranges, &c. Mr. Redman
was 2nd. The latter exhibitor had the best group of
Chrysanthemums in pots, also the best four incurved
varieties. There were three classes for specimen
plants, and Mr. Redman was 1st in each. Some rine
Crotons, and other plants from Lord Esme Gordon,
Paxton Park, greatly helped the show, and altogether
the Corn Exchange put on a very gay and festive
appearance. There was also a good attendance of
visitors.

Chrysanthemum Show, Newport, Isle of

Wight. — The annual exiiibition took place at the
Drill Hall on the 9th and 10th iust., and as far
as the number and quality of the exhibits it was a
great success. Of cut blooms, more than 900 were
arranged, and a very keen competition took place in
the open class, limited to the growers of the island,
as well as in the class for forty-eight and twenty-
four Japanese. A great feature in the show was
the ladies' class, no less than fifteen competitors
showing bouquets and baskets.

Derby Chrysanthemum Society's Show.—

The annual exhibition of the Derby Chrysanthemum
Society took place in the Drill Hall, on November 14,
and would compare favourably with those of previous
years; in fact, the cut blooms were superior to those
which have usually been exhibited in connection
with the Society.

Putney Chrysanthemum Show.— The Put-
ney Chrysanthemum Socit-ty held an exhibition in
the Cromwell Hall, Putney Bridge Road, on Tuesday
last, at which the small groups in open and amateur
classes were the main features amongst the
plants ; and amongst the cut flowers the fine stand
of Air. G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putney, con-
sisting of incurved flowers, and that of Mr. Sullivan,
gr. to D. B. Chapman, Esq., Downshire House, Roe-
hampton, of Japanese varieties. Amateurs' plants,
many of them dwarf-trained, were in most instances
well flowered and furnished with foliage. Small col-
lections of vegetables were very creditable which is
what could not be said of the specimens of Grapes
observed.

A Leek Show.— A prize of £5 was recently
offered by Messrs. Stuart & Mein, of Kelso, for the
best specimens of Lyon Leek grown from their
seed. Twenty-four lots were staged at the show,
which took place on Messrs. SxuAJiT & Mein's pre-
mises on Friday, the 11th inst., the prize being
gained by Mr. Jajies Minto, Caledonian Brewery,
Jedburgh, for specimens IG inches long and 6 inches
in circumference.

PRESENTATION.—On Eriday evening, Novem-
ber 4 last, the friends of Mr. James Whitton, Colt-
ness Gardens, met at the " Crown" Hotel, Wishaw,
to present him with a barometer and a purse of gold,
and Mrs. Whitton with a brooch, on the occasion of
his leaving the district to become Head Gardener at
Giamis Castle, Forfarshire.

How History Repeats Itself. - Writing

from London to Dean Swift, on July 8, 1736, a Mr.
FoB»YCE describes the agricultural situation of that
day in England as follows. He says : — " Rents for
some time past liave been ill-paid here as well as in
Ireland, and farms flung up every day which have
not been raised since Charles I.'s time. The
graziers are undone in all parts, and it is bad enougli
with the farmers. One cause is their living much

higher than they did formerly. It is certain all last
year a man came off well if he could sell a fat ox at
the price he bought him lean. The butchers, by not
lowering their meat in proportion, have been the
only gainers." If in the flesh to-day Mr. Fordyck
might have written exactly the same words to
describe the present state ot the farming business, so
much are things to-day like what they were described
by him to be a century and a half ago. Irish Farmer,

Publications Received.— Da_ys and Hours in

a Garde7i. By E.V. B. Sixth edition. (Elliot Stock.)
— Die Haselmiss ihre Arten tend ihre Kultur. Von
Franz Goeschke. (Berlin Paul Parey.) (Filberts
and Hazel Nuts described and figured.) — Das PJlan^en
Physiologische PraJctikum. Von Dr. W. Detmer.
(Jena: Fisher.) (Experimental Physiology of
Plants.) — A Manual of Orchidaceous Plants. Part 2.
Cattleya and Ladia, &c. James Veitch & Sons. —
Vauclin and other Verses. By J. C. Grant. (E.
W. Allen.) — Handbuch der Coniferen-Benennung.
Von L. Beissner. (Erfurt : Ludwiq Moller.)
(Syteraatic Catalogue of Conifers, with Synonyms,
grown in Germany.)

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

VANDA TERES.
This species, and the variety of it, Andersonii,
grow and flower freely with ns every year. We
have had flowers from July to September this year
on three plants. They have been rather longer than
usual in completing 'their growth ; now it is the
resting-period with them, and the plants have been
placed in the lightest position in the Cattleya-house,
where they can remain with no attention whatever,
not even requiring any water, unless the leaves show
signs of shrinking. We give plenty of heat, water,
and sunlight, when the plants are making their
growth. This species and V. Hookerii have been
imported lately in quantity ; indeed, I saw during
the summer a house in the St. Albans nursery of
Messrs. F. Sander filled with them, V. Hook-
erii being very plentiful. They are planted out
in borders of sphagnum. When a house can be
specially set apart for the culture of a single species,
or two allied species, as in this instance, there is no,
difficulty in growing them well, because they can
have exactly the treatment they require, both during
the resting and growing period. J. D.

Aci;

HUMHOLDTII.

" This plant is best grown in a basket, as the
fiower-spikes, which are produced from the base of
the bulbs, take a downward direction, pushing them-
selves out through the sides and bottom of the
basket in the same way as Stanhopeas. It is of
easy culture, and should be grown in a compost of
good fibrous peat and sphagnum moss; the addition
of a few lumps of charcoal will be found beneficial to
it. It may be cultivated either in the Cattleya or in
the East India-house, but we have found it do better
in the latter place, as it delights in an abundant
supply of heat and moisture during the growing
season. It should be shaded from the fierce ra^-s of
the sun during the hottest part of the day, but a
little sunshine in the morning and afternoon will be
found advantageous It may be increased by sepa-
rating the pseudobulbs wlien fully matured, and
placing them in a warm shady position until they
show signs of breaking into growth." Orchid Album,
t. 297.

DENDROniUM POLYPHLEBIUM

"resembles in its habit of growth D. Pierardi lati-
folium, and produces pseudobulbs 12 — 18 inches long.
The flowers are produced very freely, and last a long
time in perfection ; the sepals and petals are broader
than those of D. Pierardi, a bright rosy-purple in
colour; lip much deeper in colour than the sepals
and petals, fringed at the border and veined with
purple. It should be grown either in a basket or on
a block of wood, this being the natural way in which
to cultivate it, as in its native habitat it is found
growing on the branches of trees. The compost

628

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 19, 1887.

required is a good fibrous peat, witli a little moss
added, wheu grown in a basket ; if grown upon a
block it will be sufficient to secure it by means of a
piece of wire, no soil being needed. ... To grow
this plant to perfection, as well as all the deciduous
section of the genus, it must have decided periods of
rest and growth. During the growing season it
should liave an abundant supply of heat and moisture,
and as the pseudobulbs become mature they sliould
be gradually ripened off by diminishing the supply of
water and giving them the full benefit of air and
sunshine." Orchid Album, t. 299.

AiiEIDES VIEKNS EllISII

" is a very great improvement on the typical plant ;
the habit of growth is altogether stronger and tlie
spikes very much longer. The leaves are about
6 inches long by l.| broad, of a bright green colour.
The racemes are 18 — 20 inches long, bearing from
30 — 40 flowers. The sepals and petals are white,
suffused with rose and tipped with bright amethyst.
The lower sepals are very round and broad ; lip
large, white, side-lobes beautifully spotted towards
the base with amethyst ; mid-lobe broad, rich ame-
thyst, spur curved upwards and tipped witli brownish
green. It blossoms in June and July, and lasts for
some time in full beauty.'' Orchid Alburn, t. 298.

AnGK-T.CUM ClTRATCTr.

" This plant should be grown at the warmest end of
the East India-house, in sphagnum moss ; a liberal
supply of moisture should be given during the
summer and autumn months, but during the winter
great care is required in watering, sufficient being
given to keep the plants in ]>Iump condition. We
have grown this plant successfully in small earthen-
ware pans with holes perforated in the sides, to
which the wires for suspending are attached. . . .
The plant sliould be placed near the glass, and kept
well watered." Orchid Album, t. 300.

POLYSTACHYA GRANDIFLOR.V.

Some weeks ago Polystachya Ottoniana was
noted in these columns, and was stated to be
much superior to the common run of the genus ;
the species under notice, however, is still larger
and more handsome than that one, and is
worthy of a place in all collections, both by reason
of its singularity and its beauty. A plant with three
flowering-stems may now be seen in the Kew collec-
tion. The species is very rare, and it would be
interesting to know if it be in cultivation elsewhere.
The flower is inverted (as is usual throughout this
genus), and the two upper sepals, which are trian-
gular in shape, and united along one side, form a
kind of chin at the top ; they are greenish-yellow,
and barred with purple on the inner side ; the dorsal
sepal, which is lowest, is ovate, and about one-third
the size of the others, all three being fleshy in
texture ; the lip is three-lobed, creamy-white, and
pubescent inside, the side-lobes curving upwards,
whilst the centre lobe is marked on the outside with
a deep purple blotch, prettily contrasted by a margin
of pure white. The flowers are terminal, on an erect
racemose spike, usually three on a spike, each
measuring 1.^, inch in depth, and nearly that in
diameter. The form of the flowers may be com-
pared to that of a saccate Catasetum. Their method
of development is peculiar, the energy of each
pseudobulb seems to be directed to perfecting but one
flower at once, so that the uppermost flower-bud of
the spike is still very small, and no further advanced
than it was two months ago. The leaves are 6 inches
long, and are borne singly on cylindrical pseudobulbs
about half their length. The Kew e,\ample was pre-
sented by Mr. John Day in 1880.

P. grandiflora is from Sierra Leone, and has long
been known, being figured in the Botanical Maga-
zine in 1840, t. 3707. The plant requires an inter-
mediate temperature, and succeeds well when grown
in a basket in a mixture of fibry peat and sphagnum ;
a plentiful supply of water is needed in summer, and
in winter the roots must not be allowed to become
dr)-. W.B.

Continental Novelties,

TRIUMPH ASTER.
This novelty, introduced by Messrs. llaage &
Schmidt-Erfurt, is undoubtedly one of the most
beautiful and perfect of all dwarf Asters. It forms
an entirely new class, reproducing itself true from
seed, and attains a height of but 7 to 8 inches. At
the time when it shows its buds it resembles in habit
somewhat the dwarf Chrysanthemum Aster, but in
developing its large and beautifully shaped flowers
it assumes quite another aspect. The flowers bend,
on account of their weight, a little at varying angles,
but do not droop so as to impair their beauty, each
plant forming an elegant bouquet of itself, as may best
be seen by the annexed figure (fig. 124). The indivi-
dual flowers measure from 2k to 3 inches across, and
are of the most faultless Pajony form, all petals being
beautifully incurved. The colour is rich and brilliant :
when beginning to bloom it is a pure scarlet, but
when in full bloom it changes to a satiny scarlet.
It produces its flowers in great abundance ; each
plant bears at least thirty to forty flowers. As it
never grows tall, it is well adapted for borders,
groups, carpet-bedding or for pot culture.

CASTLE COCH VINEYARD.

The experiment initiated by the Marquis of Bute,
and ably carried out by his lordship's head gardener,
Mr. A. Pettigrew, of growing "Vines in the open air,
with the idea of competing with the French vine-
yards, if not quite a pecuniary success, is bv no
means a failure. Far from it, or it would not have
to be chronicled that the vineyard under notice is
to be considerably enlarged, and another established
as soon as possible. For the benefit of those who
may not have noticed what has been previously
published on this subject, it should be stated that
Castle Coch is Welsh for Red Castle, and is situated
about five miles from Cardifi^ Castle, one of the
Marquis of Bute's country residences. The site was
selected by the noble Marquis, and fully approved of
by his gardener, after the latter had been on an
instructive tour in France. It is on high ground in
a beautiful locality, and is sheltered by hills and
woods from north, east, and west winds. The soil,
about 1 foot in depth, consists principally of red
clayey loam, with numerous stones interspersed,
this resting on mountain limestone rock. Evidently
it suits the Vines, for they could not well be in a
more healthy state. They are all planted 3 feet
apart each way, and angled, and as none of the
plants are more than 4 feet high, they do not unduly
shade each other. All are annuallv cut down to
within two joints of their last starting points, and
most of them are allowed to form about four leading
growths, which, neatly tied to strong stakes, are
stopped when near the top of the stakes, and have
all lateral growth cut away as it is formed. The
Grapes are in small clusters, varying in number from
six to twelve bunches, the topmost of them not
being more than 18 inches from the ground. They
might probably ripen better at times if produced at
a greater height from the ground ; but it is found
that the heavy overhanging leaves serve to protect
the fruit from both cold rains and frost. Several
varieties have been tried, all procured from French
vineyards, but the Gamay Noir, or Black Gamay,
is the only reliable one, and this at its best is only
fit for making into wine, for which purpose all are
grown.

Two acres of 'Vines have been established about
twelve years, and the vintage of 1887 will be by far
the heaviest yet secured. The vintage in the year
1881 was a very good one ; then followed two com-
parative failures. In 1884 four hogsheads of wine
were made ; in 1885 three hogsheads ; in 1886 two
hogslieads ; and, unless unforeseen circumstances
prevent it, there will be about eight hogsheads made
this year. This does not partake of the character of
" home-made " wine ; on the contrary, good autho-

rities liken it to the best " still " champagne. In
order to thoroughly test its marketable value, much
of the earliest made wine has been sold, and that
made in 1881 realised 60s. per dozen quarts. The
1884 vintage will shortly be bottled oft", and, it is
thought, will eclipse any previous efforts. Nor is
Castle Coch the only spot in this country where
Grapes for making into wine could be successfully
grown. Eventually the Marquis of Bute will have
8 acres of "Vines at the ,Swanbridge "Vineyard,
situated close to the Bristol Channel (Castle Coch
being four miles distant), and there are plenty of
equally suitable positions in the southern counties of
England. W. I., in the " Field."

Trees and Shrubs.

THE SPINDLE TREE (EUONYMUS
EUROP.EUS).
Now that the hedges are being rapidly thinned of
their leaves this tree forms a somewhat striking
object. During the .spring and summer, being
crowded with so many other species, it attracts but
little notice, but in the declining months of the year
the colour and form of its fruits, and, in a lesser
degree, of its leaves, are so far out of the common
as to make it worthy of note. With us on the coral
rag, and also on the Oxford clay, it occurs in the
fences by the highway and around fields with mode-
rate frequency, but not nearly so often as the daik
purple fruited Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea), with
which by many it is confounded. Botanically, of
course, it is quite distinct, but the confusion, no
doubt, arises from the wood of the two species being
indiscriminately collected for working up into
butchers' skewers. For propagating in hedges or as
a covert plant — for which, perhaps, it is still better
suited — I should gi'eatly prefer the Spindle tree to
the common Dog\vood. Loudon says that, cultivated,
it will reach a height of 30 feet or upwards. Per-
sonally, as I do not remember having seen it under
cultivation, I know it only as a large wild bush of
from 8 — 10 feet high, with shoots from the stool of
from 1 — 2 inches in diameter, I have a brancli
before me as I write, taken at haphazard from the
he^lgerow ; this is loaded with bright scarlet-coloured
fruits, known by the country children as " pin-
cushions." These fruits are four-celled, something
in the form of a Maltese cross, and when the cap-
sules open the seeds are e.xposed in their beautiful
coating of deep orange. Considering the ease with
which this tree is propagated, and the rapidity with
which the young shoots grow from the old stool
after cutting, it is rather remarkable that the Euro-
pean Euonymus is not more common in hedgerow
and covert. V. J. Y.

Planting and Khnovating Conifer.t:.

These trees seldom receive the careful prepara-
tion of the ground and attention in planting they
so well deserve, nor is the after-treatment often
what it should be. Where coniferous trees are
sickly in hue and show dead points on the branches,
and growth is arrested, they maybe restored in many
instances by can'ying out a system that I have
practised for some years past with good results.

In planting the trees the holes should be dug out
from 8 to 10 feet in diameter, and about 15 inches
deep, loosening the bottom soil with a fork, and a
good quantity of the turfy top spit of soil chopped up
should be thrown into the hole, which should be made
firm by treading before carefully planting the tree.
Some fine soil should be worked in amongst the
roots that are outside the ball, adding a little leaf-
soil, if procurable, and leaving the worst of the soil
for spreading about on the surface. The soil around
the tree should be made firm by treading as the work
proceeds, the station being slightly raised above the
level of the surrounding surface. This additional
soil will usually keep a tree in a vigorous condition
for from five to seven years, after that time it will
require a little further assistance, and this I give by
cutting out a trench distant from the trees about the

NOVEMBEK 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

629

extifiiiity of the main branches, as the inner circle
of the trench, which should be 3 feet wide and about
15 inches deep. There are in small trees seldom any
o^Jier than small fibrous roots at this distance from
the stem of the tree, and what there are should be
taken care of in getting; out the trench, so that they
can be laid in the fresh soil afterwards. Now turn the
top spit of soil, with the turf chopped up, to the
bottom of the trench, and mix witli it some leaf-soil,
making all tirm by treading, and finally spreading
the worst of the soil on the surface, which can be
sown down, if early in the autumn or in the spring,
with grass seed. This operation will again be a
means of keeping the trees in good health for
another period of seven years, or more. I have per-
formed this operation on many trees that were quiti'
at a standstill and in ill-health, with the best results.
The best time for performing this operation is througli
October and November, and in Alarch and April, and
if a few trees were operated on the labour entailed
would not be seriously felt. E. Ward, Hcivcll, Broms-
f/rove.

Cajjrnsis. Another inhabitant of moist places is
Ha3manthus natalensis, whose large orange heads of
bloom are now fast going past their best. Bruns-
vigia toxicaria, which delights to expand its flowers
on very dry hillsides, is to be seen here and there ;
it is a striking object. A fine yellow Dietes, which
hitherto I have taken for D. Huttoni, on closer
examination does not agree with that plant as figured
in Bot. Maff., t. 6174. My flower is about 2^ inches
across, the falls are minutely brown dotted, and the
stigmas are of a bright yellow — not purple striped, as
the figure shows. But *so long as the Flora Capcnsis
remains unfinished it will be difiicult to name Irideie
with certaintv. A.

Colonial Notes,

Home Correspondence.

^" Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early
intelligence of local events likely to he of interest to
our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.

Photograplis or drawings of gardenia, or of remarkable
plants, trees, ^'c, are also solicited.

NATAL.

We are anxiously expecting spring rain, which

hitherto, with the exception of a sprinkle insufScient

ORCHID NOMENCLATURE.— At p. 532 "J. A."
objects to hybrid Orchids being named in the same
way as Dahlias, Gladioli, and Carnations, and remarks

Fig. 124.— rnicMPH aster; colol'e dkep sCAKLEr. (see p. (528.)

to lay the dust, has failed to come. Strong, hot north-
west winds have been common this month (Sep-
tember), as is usual ; and Indian Azaleas, Camellias,
with other winter flowering plants have suffered
accordingly. Oranges have nearly done flowering,
and promise a fair crop ; Apples and Pears are now
in full bloom. The Tuberose crop, owing to over-
production, brought very little profit on the home
market last season ; this has discouraged cultivators,
who will plant fewer this year, hence prices may
improve. I have just flowered a very flue new
Gerbera, brought doivn from the Transvaal last
summer. It is a very distinct species, with leaves
deeply toothed, and glowing scarlet flowers 3 to 4
nches across.

I trust this season to flower other Transvaal plants,
which will be duly noted. The hills and bush show
some pretty plants. Gazania serrulata, golden-yellow,
is found on dry hill sides, with a blush Gethyllis, and
the large white Daisy-like flowers of Gerbera Kraussi.
Imantophyllum miniatum, gorgeous in slightly shaded
moist spots, is always eagerly collected by pleasure
parties on Michaelmas Day. In moist places Cyr-
tanthus lutescens is very showy — flower deep golden-
yellow. Our plant, indeed, is finer than the figure in
the Bot. Mag., t. 5374, and, in fact, is nearly the same
as the fine C. breviflorus, 1. 139, in Harvey's Tliesauriis

that " anything in the way of species, not-
withstanding any distinction as to its being a mani-
pulated hybrid, ought to boar the usual speciflc
nomenclature." I should like to point out that
hybrids are not species in any sense, and therefore
should not be named as such. The sign X is a
useful way of indicating hybrid origin, but unfor-
tunately it too often drops out of use in gardens.
These hybrids are more likely to lead to
confusion than mere varieties which usually bear
the stamp of their origin in their faces, which
hybrids do not; but on the contrary show cha-
racters of more than one species. When I named
Cypripedium Charles Canham I should, from a
scientific standpoint, have preferred to call it C.
superbiente-villosum. which it really is according to
tlie scientific rule for naming hybrids ; but would gar-
deners tolerate such a name ? If not, it would be far
better to accept English names, which will certainly
have to be done where hybrids themselves become
the parents of other hybrids. B. A. Rolfe.

TREES AND AGRICULTURE,— Where have we had
to look for the burnt-up pastures and failing root-
crops during the past season? My observation
points me chiefly to the treeless areas which it has
of late years been the fashion to turn moderate-
sized meadows, and especially arable fields, into. I
believe there is a closer aflinity between farming and
forestry than most people recognise. If com grow-

ing alone were the Alpha and Omega of the British
farming interest then there may be some reason in
looking askance at those who advocate the retention
or increase of trees ; but as corn growing seems, year
by year, less likely to hold a jjredominating place,
there is room to consider the other phases of a per-
plexing question. The influence on climate of
masses of trees is admitted, and here and there
a public spirited landowner acts upon the knowledge.
As a rule, however, it is a dead letter. Such seasons
as the past afford excellent opportunities for watch-
ing the effects of the presence or absence of trees.
Of course soil and situation must be kept fully in
view, as some soils are naturally retentive. It is
rather in high and quickly evaporating soils that the
greatest difference will be seen. For such places what
is wanted is moderate sized fields with a fair share
of hedgerow and some good belts of trees at moderate
distances. Isolated specimens stuck about like tele-
graph poles must not be expected to show good re-
sults, as such an arrangement as this only tends to
damage the crops which are immediately underneath
such trees. I). J. Y.

PHAL/ENOPSIS STUARTIANA WITH BUDS ON
ROOTS. — The Phala;nopsis Stuartiana mentioned by
Jtr. Swan in his article on " Buds on Orchid Eoots,"
in your issue for Nov. 5, and exhibited by me at the
Orchid Conference in 1885, has done well since, but has
shown no signs of increasing its family in the same
manner. At that time the basket had three roots
with young plants on them. On examination they
were all found detached from the parent, quite de-
cayed under the moss, and had evidently been so for
some time, although the exposed parts were quite
plump and in action at the points. The one with
the largest plants I sent to Sir Trevor Lawrence,
the second best I potted on, and two of the young
plants are doing well. I hope to ffower them next
year. It will be interesting to see if they come
Stuartiana. W. Macdonald, Woodlands House, Perth.

OLD-FASHIONED BEE-KEEPING.— In your issue
for November 12 your correspondent, Mr. Chitty,
replies to the criticisms passed upon his article of
October 15. From that article every intelligent
reader would certainly draw the conclusion that the
Hector's bees sent out young queens with their flrst
swarms. Having received information through your
columns to the contrary, Jlr. Chitty says he has
never denied the fact of the old queen going first,
and that the bees supersede her in their own way
when she is too old. Granted, Then, to secure
the constant and regular succession of young queens
as spoken of in his former article, the Rector's bees
must supersede the old queen every year. Surely
there is no need for bees to swarm to do this ! After
the information given on the subject by "North
Norfolk " and myself, Mr. Chitty says he will
endeavour to express the same opinions in a little
clearer language, which I think he has failed to
do. In answer to the question, if it is to be sup-
posed that the queen leading the swarm in 1837 led
out the 1887 swarm also, I would say the question is
altogether too absurd for serious consideration.
Though but an amateur. I am too well acquainted
with the natural history of the honey-bee to need
enlightenment as to the natural length of life of the
queen, or the average length of her usefulness.
If your correspondent will carefully read my former
article again he will find that I said' that " the queen
would issue at the head of the flrst swarm each suc-
ceeding summer till she had lived the allotted time
of a queen bee " (not fifty years). Your correspondent
in his reply says : — " There seems to be a slight mis-
understanding on the subject." Having also said he
never denied, nor was there any doubt about the old
queen leaving the hive with the first swarm, he has
in the last sentence endorsed the statements to that
effect made by " North Norfolk " and myself, and
having done so it seems to me that every intelligent
reader will see that there was but one of the three
correspondents that misunderstood the subject.
Amateur Apiarist.

" FLORA EXOTICA."— Mr. Krelage seems to have
overlooked my note on p. 444, which answers some
of his questions, and, at any rate, shows that Count
Klevenfeldt's connection with the work was purely
accidental. But as I did not give Count Dernatt's
titles in full I now subjoin them : — " .... Comitis
de Dernatt dynastie htereditarii in Syrhagen,
Ovelgone et Mohlencamp, sac. cals: mai : camerarii
ducis vero regentis Holsato Gottorpieusis consilarii
provincialis dignissimi, et priefecti Tritoviensis ac
Reinbecensis sumi." James Britten. [Mr. Krelage

630

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NovEMER I'J, 1887.

points out sundry misprints in his last article, and
which, with his " copy " before us, we think are venial
on our part. In col. a, p. 588, ami passim, " Dur-
lash " should be Durlach, and " Dettan " should be
De Haan. On col. «, p. 588, three lines from the
bottom , "double flowers " should read Dutch growers ;
on col. b, in the last paragraph but one, for " im-
ported into," read cultivated in Flanders. Ed.1.

EXHIBITORS' CARDS.— It does not appear that
Mr. Kobert Warner, who makes a suggestion with
respect to exhibitors' entry cards at shows, is familiar
with the customary method of procedure, or he
would hardly have made the proposal found at p. 568.
At all properly arranged exhibitions the entry or
class cards are "prepared prior to the show, the name
of the exhibitor being entered upon each one, and
the number of the class as it stands in the schedule
marked on the back. It is therefore obvious that it
would be impossible to furnish cards coloured
according to the nature of the prizes awarded, unless
these were specially prepared after such prizes were
awarded, but that "would not enable uniform entry
cards to be dispensed with, and .ilso materially adding
to the cost of arrangement, as well as giving needless
labour to the executive. At the Royal Horticultural
Society's shows stout prize cards, coloured according
to the nature of the prize, are placed on the winning
exhibits ; but the plan is not desirable at exhibitions
where there are many classes and small exhibits, as
these prize cards may easily be displaced. The very
best, cheapest, and niost satisfactory plan is to have
on each entrv card a blank space, on to which, as
fast as the prizes are awarded, an attendant gums a
slip of paper sliowing the prize, which sometimes is
coloured according to nature of award, and which
once secured renders removal or mischance impos-
sible. If these slips be red, blue, yellow, or some
other colour, according to award, with 1st, 2nd,
Brd, or other prize, printed on them, the colour
of the slip alone conveys all needful in-
formation when once the exhibitor and the
public have become accustomed to them. Having
had a good deal to do with reporting shows,
and knowing too well the importance to members of
the Press of being enabled to get their information
as to awards, as well as of the merits of the various
exhibits, before the public are admitted to the
shows, I have sometimes had my patience terribly
tried by the astounding woodenheadedness shown at
some places where miserable suspicion of judges is
the order of the day. I remember one— a very pre-
tentious show in Berks, which I reported last year—
where each exhibit was marked by a numbered card
only. The judging began at noon and concluded at
3.30 P.M., and an army of attendants was kept on the
trot conveying the numbers of the prize winners in
the respective classes to the secretary', who had to
prepare the cards for the exhibitors as these returns
were brought in. The result was that 4 o'clock
came before the awards were fully placed before the
public. It was a miserable fiasco, and all growing
out of not less miserable jealousy of each other and
the judges. I need hardly say that to obtain a
report in such a case was most difficult, indeed, iis
the show became crowded, almost impossible. This
sort of petty management seems to be specially
noticeable at Chrj-santhemum shows. Keally it
often happens tliat the whole aim of committee
and secretary seems to be centered in " How not to
do it." A. D.

FRUIT TREES IN POTS.— The late Mr. Kivers'
name will be long associated with fruit growing in
pots, and he rendered good service to horticulturists
in bringing this mode of culture prominently before
them, but it is a question if it is so generally adopted
as it deserves to be, or as Mr. Kivers anticipated, it
would be. The cultivators whose wants are most
fully met are those amateurs with limited space, and
who cannot therefore afford to have large trees,
either on walls or in the open quarters. It is like-
wise particularly of service to persons situated in low
lying districts, where late spring frosts frequently
ruin the hopes of the fruit grower. There is a rapidly
increasing number of amateur-gardeners who make a
specialty of Chrysanthemums, and to these ardent
horticulturists the culture of fruits in pots should be
most alluring. I'erhaps there are few other subjects
belonging to gardening so interesting, and full of en-
couragement as this. The structure that suits the
one purpose is also well adapted for the other. The
coal-ash bed, or other suitable place for the Chry-
santhemum in summer time, is the best place possible
in which to plunge the fruit tree pots during the
winter months, and bv the time the trees commence

to expand their blossons, and consequently require
placing under glass, the flowering season of the latest
Chrysanthemum is over. Moreover, the liquid
manure or other fertiliser — indispensable to the suc-
cessful cultivation of the latter, is just as essential to
the progress of the fruits, while fibry loam of
similar texture is desirable for both. I venture
to predict that the successful Chrysanthemum
grower who undertakes this kind of fruit growing
in earnest, will not discontinue it, and that he will
ultimately be equally gratified in tickling his friends'
palates w'ith a rich Royal George Peach, or piquant
Humboldt Nectarine, a melting Marie Louise Pear,
or a Golden Coe's Plum, as their sense of beauty in
colour and form in a gorgeous Thunberg or Mr. Bunn
Chrysanthemum. The weight of crop that ])0t trees,
properly managed, yield, is surprising: and .is a proof
of cpiality I may state (if my memory serves me
correctly) that one of our most celebrsited fruit
gi-owers and exhibitors told me, not many weeks
since, that the fruit from a pot-grown Nectarine tree
won him more prizes than the produce of any other
individual pliint. I do not advocate this mode of
culture without having had, myself, some experience
in it, and it will h.ave been observed that I recommend
its adoption more especially to those whose circum-
stances debar them having fruit from trees in the
open. Appended is a list of a few of the best
varieties to grow ; Peaches :— Large Early Mignonne,
Desmond, Royal George, Bellegarde,Barrington, and
Sea Eagle. "Nectarines :— Lord Napier, Stiinwick,
Elruge, Pitmaston Orange, Pine -apple, Hum-
boldt, and Victoria, for late use. Plums ;— Bryans-
ton Green Gage, Transparent Gage, Kirke's, Jeffer-
son, Reine Claude de Bavay, and Coe's Golden Drop.
Pears:— Clapp's Favourite, Williams' Bon Chretien,
JIadame Treyve, Souvenir du Congres, Beurre Hardy,
Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, Doyenne du
Comice, Glou Morceau, Josephine de Malines,
Winter Nelis, and Easter Beurre. Tliomas Coombcr,
Hcndre Gardens.

PERENNIAL CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— These include
many useful forms, but none more effective tlian is
the huge white Daisv known both as Chrysantliemum
lacustre and mtiximum. I have it here, and both from
divided plants and seed under both names, and yet
apparently identical. The plants when in bloom reach
to a height varying from 2 to 2.J- feet, and under trees
it will reach 3 feet, but is still the same. The flowers
when fully developed are just 3 inches across, that is,
have 1 inch of disc and 1 inch of white petals on
either side, and being borne on long stems are most
useful for cutting. It is very certain that this re-
markable Daisy is yet only imperfectly known, but
it would help materially to have it made clear under
which designation it properly ranks. Jly plants
bloom through August and September, chiefly, but
also into November if the season be favourable.
They seem to prefer the fine sunny weather we have
had to excessive moisture, indeed, in a very dry
spot where some other things literally withered up,
these Daisies thrived and bloomed most luxuriantly.
It would seem that an allied flower, Pyrethrum
uliginosum, does not do so well in the drought, as,
so far as I h.ave seen, growth was late and weak com-
pared with what has been seen in previous years. B.

EXHIBITING PRIMROSES.— Mr. Leonard's sugges-
tion as to the exhibiting of Primroses, Primula
species, &c., in boxes or baskets surfaced with moss,
at the National Auricula Show, is a very good one,
and by no means made now for the first time. With-
out doubt these hardy flowers would look much more
natural, and far more pleasing when so displayed,
but it is to most exhibitors very much a question of
bulk and convenience. Then with respect to the
proposal to have unlimited collections : that might
answer very well if the prizes were proportionably
unlimited in amount also. But when 40s. are ort'ered
as a 1st prize for six small and really almost insig-
nificant Auriculas, the whole of which may be
carried in a hatbox, when out of pots, it seems little
less than monstrous to suggest that collections of
perhaps several dozens of gay and beautiful Prim-
roses or Polyanthuses should be invited, with the
possilile remuneration of 15s. Are the Auricula men
ready to accept the suggestion as applied to Auri-
culas, and in place of their present doll displays of
nine, twelve, six, or three plants staged for the pre-
sent prizes, unlimited collections? I will not insult
their common sense by making the suggestion to
them. Unlimited collections are never satisfactory.
They invariably result in awards which are unfair,
and they are peculiarly objectionable because the basis

of judgment should always be quality, not quantity.
In inviting quantity, however, judges may naturally
assume that it is quantity alone which is to be re-
warded. With respect to the hose-in-hose forms, no
one has yet made the mistake so far as I am aware,
of placing mere duplex forms with true double kinds.
Mr. Leonard, however, has perhaps overlooked the
fact, that the only special class for double Primroses
is for six varieties, and there is no reason whatever
whv other than bond fide doubles should be shown.
Ho'se-in-hose flowers are rarely seen as trial Prim-
roses, and chieflv on Polyanthuses, and no difficulty
has been found' in adm"itting them with the fancy
Polyanthuses. As to the difference which exists
between a Primrose and Polyanthus, I am surprised
to learn tliat any doubt exists. Mr. Leonard has, I
fear, not in the "past read his papers carefully, or he
would have frequently met with the definition, which
is that, whilst Primroses proper produce their floweis
on single stalks which come direct from the crown
of the plants, Polyanthuses ])roper produce their
flowers in cluster's or trusses on short stems,
branching from one stiff erect stem. Surely nothing
can be clearer. That some plants produce Primrose
flowers first, and Polyanthus steins and flowers
later, shows that Natu"re is but asserting her fancy
for variation habit, hut even these are easily assisted,
as, if tlie Primrose flowers largely preponderate, the
plant may be termed a Primrose, whilst, if Poly-
anthus stems preponderate, then the plant may be
termed a Polyanthus. As Mr. Waterer has not ex-
hibited his spring flowers for competition, he is at
liberty to term them as he may choose ; some may
term them one thing, and some another, but with the
above definition well understood, misapprehensions
are inexcusable. A. S.

LILIUM SPECIOSUM ALBUM VERUM.— In reply to
vour correspondent, E. Jenkins (see Gardeners'
'Clironiclc,-p. 504), I still contend that the Lily in ques-
tion has nothing whatever to do with L. speciosum
Kraetzeri. I .admit th.at in foliage, stem, and bulb, it
is very similar, and so are several other white varie-
ties, lint it is more like puuctatum, and my version is
that it is more closely allied to that variety than to
any other. Siebold, who introduced most of the
speciosum varieties, calls it L. punctatum album,
it having the s.ame yellow anthers as L.punctatum,
while all the other white forms have brown anthers.
Whatever name may be chosen for it, there is no
doubt that it is one'of the best and most distinct of
all the forms of speciosum. The proof your corre-
spondent brings forward— viz., its growing in com-
pany with L. Kraetzeri in Japan, and that it is im-
ported under the name of L. Kraetzeri, and has never
reached this country in separate consignments— is
erroneous. It does not grow in company with
Jj. Kraetzeri except in nurseries where a large quan-
tity of L. speciosum are grown for export to Europe.
The Japanese cultivate, offer for sale, and send it over
nnder the name of L. album, and not as L. Kraetzeri,
as your correspondent imagines, as this name is
not known to them. At the present moment the
Jiipanese export any white variety, whichever they can
procure easiest, under the name of L. album, and not
as L. Kraetzeri ; but, although it may happen that
both are sold mixed together as L. album, Mr. Ware
receives direct from Japan every year quantities of
album verum without a single bulb of Kraetzeri
among them, which once more contradicts Mr.
Jenkins' assertion. I am glad your correspon-
dent has such a good stock of the yellow-
anthered form, but is it not presumptuous on hia
part to think he has the largest stock ? I could show
him a lot of this and other varieties which would
astonish him. I shall refrain from giving an exact
date of commencement of flowering, as this is mis-
leading, much depending on the composition of soil,
position, and weather, but must state once more that
our Lily commences flowering at least ten to fourteen
days before L. Kraetzeri, and four or five days before
L. punctatum, and is the earliest form of L. speci-
osum. 6^. i?.

Roses.

ROSE MADAME THERESA LEVET.
This is a red Tea, of good constitution, and very
floriferous ; its long buds .are well adapted for
bouquet work, and they have the merit of lasting
some time after being cut. It is a very desirable
Rose, and worthv of more general cultivation.
T. H. H.

NOVEMBEB 19, 1887.]

TltE GAl?t)EXEl?S' CHUONICLE.

631

Societies.

KOYAL HOBTICTJLTURAL.

Scientific Committee.

Tuesday, November 8. — Present ; G. F. Wilson,
Esq., F.K.S., in the chair ; Messrs. Lynch, Smith,
O'Brien, 8mee, Michael, Maclachlan, Pascoe, Ridley,
Murray, Professor Church, Professor Ward, and 14ev.
G. Henslow.

Eryngiiiiii Species as See-flowers. — With reference
to Mr. Wilson's observations on E. giganteura being
a good bee-flower, Mr. Henslow remarlied tliat a bee-
keeper in North Wales had ascertained tli.it E. mari-
timuni was also a good plant. Observations were
made upon honey scented by particular flowers, Mr.
Maclachlan remarking that the Lime gave a remark-
able flavour to it at Blackheath. Mr. Smee added that
the honey from near Mitcham was so strongly
flavoured by Peppermint as to be uneatable. Pro-
fessor Church called attention to the fact that many
specimens of " scented honey " had long been in the
Bethnal Green Museum, obtained by placing the
hives near to particular plants. He believed tliey
came from Russia.

New Method of Glaring.— ilr. Smee reported upon
the specimen sent by Messrs. Newton to the last
meeting, and corroborated the impressions then ex-
pressed, especially with reference to tlie allowing for
due expansion and contraction.

IVeevil ill Orchids. — Mr. Pascoe exhibited a speci-
men of Baris eburifera found on Vanda teres, and
requested that all such discoveries of foreign insects
might be sent to him.

Frost and T/Ycs.— Professor H. Marshall Ward
drew attention to the fact that several notices had
lately been made upon the injury which trees sus-
tained when growing on a south sloping bank ; but that
it had long ago been noticed and recorded by Gilbert
White. The interpretation is that the roots are
stimulated by the warmth due to the position, so that
the proper ripening of wood does not follow before
frosts set in.

Chdosporiiim fiUviim. — Mr. W. G. Smith brought,
and Jlr. Plowright, of Lynn sent, specimens of this
fungus on Tomatos. The latter forwarded the fol-
lowing communication : — " I herewith send speci-
mens of Cladosporium fulvum on the fruit, leaves,
and stems of Tomato. I have had them in my pos-
session for six weeks, and the Tomatos have turned
red; so that the zone of green colour which sur-
I'ounds the fungus in its earlier stages, while the
Tomato is changing colour, has disappeared. This
maintenance of colour in and around the parasite is
found with several of the Uredines, and is due to the
presence of the mycelium of the fungus causing delay
in the normal processes of maturation of the host-
plant's tissues." (See pp. 532, 533, Gardeners'
Chronicle, October 29.)

Bilophosporium graminis. — Mr. Plo\vright also
added the following remarks npon this parasite : —
" I stated in the Gardeners' Chronicle last week that
this plant had not been found in this country as a
parasite upon Wheat. This is an error, for I find
that Mr. Berkeley, in the Annals of Katural History.
in 18B5, mentions that a crop of Wheat was
seriously injured by it in Sussex, in 1862. Mr. P.
Currey found it on Alopecurus agrestis."

Monstrous Flowers, 4'e. — Jlr. Smee exhibited two
flowers of Amanda coerulea, with the dorsal sepal
aborted, in one case, and drawn out to a slender stalk
with a cup-like extremity in the other. Bulrushes,
with two and three " heads " to them ; also a Chrysan-
themum of the Anemone-flowered type, with super-
numerary heads below the ray, or " hen and chickens "
variety.

Solaniim coruiculattim.. — Mr. Ridley exhibited the
curious orange-coloured fruit of this plant : it is
about the size of a hen's egg, with four or five horns
proceeding from the base. It is an introduced plant,
and used for liver complaints in Fernando Norouha.
Cactus species. — This, like the preceding, was
brought from Fernando Noronha, but it is endemic.
It had large oval crimson fruits, scented and edible.
The flowers only expanded at about 10 p.m.

Erythrina species. — He also showed a drawing of a
native tree in blossom. It is the only one left, as all
the large trees are cut down lest the convicts should
make rafts.

Croci. — Jlr. Lynch exhibited the following autumn
flowering species from the Botanic Garden at Cam-
bridge : — C. Pallasii, Tingitanus,Tournefortei medius,
cancellatus var. cilicus, longiflorns.

Liliimi polyphyllitm. — Mr. G. F. Wilson exhibited
a stem grown at Wisley, to show the difl'er-
ence between the cultivated form, which had
tliirteen blossoms, and the wild one bearing only four
to six. He stated, that a Dutch missionary, a friend
of Mr. Ilufhlen, of New York, describes L. poly-
phyllum in its own country (the Nilgherris) as a very
handsome Lily, 5 or 6 feet high, with from four to
six flowers on a stalk 5 feet 5 inches. Mr. Gamble
has seen it on the hills .about Simla, but has never
seen wild any so big as we describe.

Carbonised, Coquitla Xiit (Attalea funifera). — He
also exhibited nuts or fruits of this Palm, well known
for turnery purji ises, which had been dug up in the
City. The three internal septa and the ovary walls
were completely changed to coal. It iiad doubtless
been formed under great pressure. Similar results
had been found after the great fire in Tooley Street.
Professor Church remarked upon tlie remarkable
hardness of the Cocoa-nut, which, as charcoal, had
an extraordinary power of absorbing gases.

Mandevilla stmveolens. — The Hon. and Kev. J. T.
Boscawen sent fruit pods of this apogynaceous plant,
which are not often seen in this country, though Mr.
Lynch said they found it at Cambridge. In the
Botanical Rcgislcr, xxvi., 7, it is described as flower-
ing in conservatories, but not fruiting. See also 71,
(126.

BRIGHTON AND HOVE.

XovEMUEK 8 AND 9. — The dome in the Pavilion
was, as usual, the selected site for the Chrysanthe-
mum exhibition — a place well fitted for such a show.
A large room adjoining the dome was also required
to hold the exhibits The principal exhibits of Chry-
santhemums were arranged in the centre of the dome,
backed up by a half circle of standard and pyramid
plants, while upon the stage was an eft'ective group
of foliage plants reflecting credit on Mr. Balchin,
Cliftonville Nurseries, Brighton, by whom it was
arranged.

Cut Blooms were staged in large numbers, and
w*ere generally of good quality, the competition being
keen in nearly .all the classes. The principal class
was that for forty-eight varieties, distinct, twenty-
four to be incurved and the same number to be
Japanese. The 1st place was occupied by Mr.
Russell, gr. to Dr. C. F. Lewis, Henfield,
.Sussex, who staged a cajjital lot, the incurved
blooms large, full, well coloured, and neatly set up ;
Jlr. W. Jupp, gr. to G. Bolton, Esq., Torfie'ld, East-
bourne, was 2nd, his Japanese being very fine, but
the incurved were rather uneven in size. The new
Japanese variety, Edwin Molyneux, was staged in
prime condition in this stand. Four competed in the
class for twenty-four incurved varieties, which upon
the whole were but of moderate quality. Mr. Rus-
sell was 1st, staging small but neat blooms. For
twelve incurved eleven competed, the first a capital
stand from Mi*. G. Duncan, gr. to C. F. Lucas, Esq.,
Warnham Court, Horsham — Empress of India. John
Salter, and Lord Wolesley, being the best ; Mr. J.
Pannell, gr. to Dr. McDonald Smith, Hartley House,
Caterham Valley, was a close 2nd. Japanese were a
better lot, the competition being very spirited. For
twenty-four varieties nine competed, the best flowers
coming from Mr. F. Smith, gr. to Mrs. Byass, Neville
Court.

For twelve Japanese, distinct, there were ten
entries ; Mr. A. Emery, gr. to R. W. Tweedie, Esq.,
Avoca, Eastbourne, was 1st, for fine, solid, fresh
flowers. For six Anemone sorts, Mr. Russell was
1st, with a splendid lot — Fabian de Me.li-
ana and Lady Margaret being extra fine. Mr.
Russell was again 1st for six reflexed, staging very
fine blooms; 2nd, Mr. S. Coleman. West End,
Henfield. He also led for six incurved, any one variety,
with Queen of England. For six .lapanese, one
variety, Mr. G. Snow was 1st with Mdlle. Lacroix,
in capital condition. Pompons were very fine in the
class provided for them, six to be Anemone. Mr.
Duncan was 1st: Comte de Morny, Cendrillon, and
Black Douglas were extra good.

Groups. — For the best group of Chrysanthemums
and Palms, not more than twelve of the latter,
arranged for eft'ect, in a space not exceeding 100
square feet, Mr. J. Turner, gr. to Major Way. was
awarded 1st honours ; the plants used were freely
flowered on the natural system, but much too thickly
arranged ; Mr. ■!. Spottiswoode, Queen's Park,
Brighton, was a close 2nd. For the best group of
Chrysanthemum plants only, the space not to exceed
70 square feet. — 1st, Mr. J. Bunney, gr. to W. H.
Campion, Esq., Dawney Park. Hurst, well bloomed,
dwarf plants being staged. Mr. J, Hill, gr, to M.

Wallis, Esq., Springfield, Withdean, was an easy 1st
for four standards. His specimen of Roseum super-
bum was awarded the National Society's Certificate
of Merit as being the best plant in the show ; the
stem was about 2 feet in height, and the liead

2 feet 6 inches in diameter, and carried over a hundred
flowers. Mr, Meachin, gr. to Mrs, Armstrong, With-
dean, was 1st for four large-flowered pyramids, dis-
tinct, with plants 3 — 4 feet high. For four dwarf-
trained plants, Mr. Hill was 1st, with specimens about

3 feet across, not too stiffly trained, and freely
flowered. Mr. Meachin was 2nd, for plants less
stiffly trained, and well flowered.

Table plants and Solanums were well shown by
Messrs. Snow & Turner.

Fruit was staged in fair quantity, and of excellent
quality. For three bunches of black Grapes. — 1st
Jlr. W. Coleman, gr. to R. Pott, Esq., Bentham Hill,
Tunbridge Wells — medium-sized bunches, good in
berry and colour. The best three bunches white
Grapes were staged by Mr. Duncan — fine specimens
of JIuscat of Alexandria.

The best Pears in four dishes were staged by Mr.
J. McFeate, gr. to Mrs. Molyneu.x Williams, Hen-
gershall P.ark, Tunbridge Wells — Marie Louise and
Doyenn6 du Cornice being very fine specimens.

For four dishes of dessert Apples, Mr. C. Gold-
smith, gr. to Mr. C. A. Hotire, Kelsey Manor, Becken-
ham, was 1st, the best being Ribston Pippin and
Cox's Orange Pippin.

Jlessrs. Sutton & Sons ofi'ered prizes for six sorts
of vegetables. Mr. .1. Bunney was 1st, with good
Brussels Sprouts, Celery, Onions, and Leeks ; Mr.
Spottiswoode was 2nd.

Numerous prizes were offered for single dishes of
various kinds of vegetables, which were keenly con-
tested for with very fine Carrots, Onions, Celery, &c.

Messrs. Sutton had a fine collection of Potatos on

DEVON AND EXETER HORTICtTL-
TURAL.

(.Concluded from p. (iCO.)

XovEMHEii 4. — Chrysanthemums in pots, not less
than eighteen varieties, arranged for effect, in a
circle, with a diameter of .'-i feet. Ferns might be
used for the front ; optional. — 1st, Mr. E. A. Sanders,
with a fair lot of bloom ; 2nd, Mr. Bartlett, gr. to
Lady Hotham.

Chrysanthemums, eighteen — quality of bloom to
be the leading feature. — 1st, Mr. T. Ivnapman, who
had an excellent lot of bloom and good foliage ;
2nd, Mr. Bartlett, whose flowers were very good
indeed, considering the number on each.

Jliscellaneous collection or group of plants
arranged for eft'ect on a stand 7 feet square. — Mr.
Rowland here scored 1st with a very skilfully arranged
group, but requiring a few more flowering plants.
Mr. Bartlett was again 2nd, with a capital group,
with an abundance of Eucharis and Poinsettias, but
wanted a larger centre plant to give eft'ect.

Cut Blooms. — Thirty-si.'i; Japanese, not less
than twenty-four varieties (four competitors). —
First honours were accorded to Mr. Barnes, who
staged an excellent lot, fresh as to condition
and fine in colour. The varieties were — Val
d'Andorre, Belle Paule, Fair Maid of Guernsey,
Madame C. Audigier, Japonaise, Jleg Merrilies,
Baronne de Frailly, L'lncomparable, JIadame
Lacroix, Georgius, Triomphe de la Rue du Chatelet,
Madame Monlise, Soleil Levant, J. Deleaux, Madame
.1. Laing, Boule d'Or, Roseum superbum. Duchess of
Albany, Maiden's Blush, Source d'Or, Boule d'Or,
Moonlight, Martha Harding, Peter the Great,
.laponaise, and Angele Auriel. 2nd, Mr. Ward, gr.
to Earl Radnor, Longford Castle, whose blooms were
very fine, especially JIadame C. Audigier, Thunberg,
(ioiden Dragon, Madame Lacroix, and Belle Paule.
3rd, Mr. Dolling, gr. to Mrs. Wild, Newton
Abbot.

Twenty-four .Japanese, distinct. — Mr. Macmillan
was placed 1st, with an admirable collection, in-
cluding Elaine, Japonaise, Madame Lacroix, Madame
B. Rendatler, La Chinoise, Fair Maid of Guernsey,
Comte de Germiny, Madame C. Audigier, Pelican,
Yellow Dragon, Sultan, Thunberg, Meg Merrilies,
Hiver Fleuri, Peter the Great, Belle Paule, Criterion,
Album plenum, Roseum superbum, Soleil Levant,
Carl Underwood, Anna Deleiiux, Duchess of Albany,
and Madame de Sevin. 2i]d, Mr. Barnes, who had
Mons. H. Jacotot, La Triomphante, Elaine, Baronne
de Frailly, Triomphe du Nord, Madame Lacroix, and
Belle Paule, as his best.

Eighteen Japanese, distinct. — 1st, Jlr. S. Southey,

632

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICJ.E.

[NoVEJtBEE 19, 1887.

pr. to General Hamilton, who had splendid blooms
of Fair Maid of Guernsey, Trioniphe du Nord, and
lliver Fleuri.

Twelve Japanese, distinct. — There was very strong
competition in this class, each staging verv fine
blooms. 1st was awarded to Jlr. Dolling, his collec-
tion including Thunberg, Elaine, Val d'Andon-e,
Album plenum, Madame J. Laing, L'Adorablc,
Koseum superbum, J. Deleaux, Fair Maid of Guern-
sey, LTncomparable, and Maiden's Blush, :2nd, Mr.
Barnes.

Six Japanese, one kind.wliite. — This was also well
contested. Mr. Macmillan was placed 1st, with Meg
Merrilies, very handsome blooms; 2nd, Wyndham
Fitzherbert, Esq., Dartmouth, with fine blooms of
Madame Lacroix ; ord, Jlr. Southey, with Fair Maid
of Guernsey.

Si.x Japanese, any other colour. — 1st, Mr. Styles,
gr. to Miss Fripp, Teignmouth, with very fine blooms
of Madame C. Audigier ; 2nd, Mi-. F. Delve, gr. to
F. W. Grant, Esq., with Madame B. Rendatler ; 3rd,
Mr. Southey, with Mons. Tarin.

Thirty-six incurved, not less than twenty-four
varieties. — Mr. Ward here came to the front. He
had remarkably fine blooms in back row, his collec-
tion included Empress of India, Cherub, Je.anne d'Arc,
Jardin des Flantes, Golden Empress, Queen of Eng-
land, Empress Eugenie, Princess of Wales, Reful-
gence, Mrs. Heale, liranlees, Mabel Ward, and Prin-
cess Teck.

Twenty-four incurved. — 1st. Mr. Rowland.

Eighteen incurved. — 1st, Mr. Macmillan, wlio.-.t'
collection included Golden Empress, Empress ol'
India, Prince Alfred, Queen of England, Lord Wol-
seley. Lord Alcester, Baron Beust, Prince of Wales,
.lardin des Pl.intes, Mrs. Heale, Jeanne d'Arc, Novelty,
Eve, John Salter, Empress Eugenie, Barbara. Mabel
Ward, and Cherub. 2nd, Mr. Southey.

Twelve incurved.— 1st, Mr. Styles, with Lord
,\lcester. Empress of India, and Refulgence, excellent.

Six incurved, one variety. — 1st, Mr. Dolling, witli
fine blooms of Empress of India.

Six reflexed, distinct. — 1st, Mr. Dolling, his stand
comprising King of Crimsons, Madam Foi'sytli,
Golden Christine, Madame Nord, CuUingfordi, and
Cloth of Gold.

Six Anemone-flowered, distinct. — 1st, Mr. Styles,
with Gluck. Fabiana de Mediana, Madame B. Pigny.
Fleur de Marie, Lady Margaret, and Sceur Dorotlie
Serille — all very fine.

Six pompons, distinct, in bunches of three each. -
Ist, Jlr. J. Knapman.

Fruit. — Three bunches Alicante Grapes. — 1st, Mr.
H. Pike, with beautifully coloured bunches ; 2nd,
Jlr. Barnes, with large bunches, averaging nearly
4 lb. each.

Three bunches Gros Colmar Grapes. — 1st, Jlr.
Sparks, gr. to A. Barnett, Esq., Tiverton, witli
bunches weighing 4 to 5 lb. each, and unusually well
coloured.

Three bunches Lady Downe's Grapes. — 1st, Mr.
Ward, who had perfect examples.

Three bunches Muscat of Alexandria. — Jlr. Barnes
again took 1st prize, with admirable examples, fine
in bunch, berry, and colour.

Pine-apple. — 1st, Jlr. Bull, gr. to General Sir
Redvers BuUer.

Apples. — Twenty-four varieties, distinct. — 1st, Mr.
Garland, gr. to Sir T. Acland, who had a superb col-
lection.

Twelve varieties, distinct. — 1st, Jlr. JIarrs, with
splendid dishes.

Six varieties, culinary. — Ist. Jlr. .Street, gr. to
Colonel Walrond, JI.P., whose fruit was very fine.

Pears. — Nine varieties, distinct. — 1st, Jlr. A.
William, with very fine, clean fruit.

Six varieties, dessert. — 1st, Mr. Garland.

Three varieties, culinary.' — Ist, Mr. Street, witli
remarkably fine fruit of Black Worcester, Catillac,
and Uvedale's St. Germain.

A great number of exhibitors showed single dishes
of Pears and Apples ; but whose names cannot lie
given.

Jlessrs. R. .1. Vcitch & Son made a ver)' attractive
display of Chrysanthemums, both plants and cut
flowers, in great variety ; Palms, Sarracenias, Bou-
vardias,g]eenhou5e Rhododendrons, Orchids, tuberous
Begonias, Fenis, Salvia Pitcheri, and fine collections
i>f Apples, Pears, and Jledlars.

Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co. staged about
seventy dishes of Apples and Pears, and a nice
collection of Chrysanthemums in pots, interspersed
with Palms, Orchids, and Ferns.

Messrs. Smith, of Worcester, staged a collection of
Apples and Pears — very fine and highly coloured.

Jjessrs. Randall h Son occupied a table about

20 by 5 feet, with a choice collection of miscellaneous
plants, dishes of Apples and Pears, also three fine
bunches of Barbarossa Grapes, about 5 or G lb. each.
Messrs. Stevens & Cainis put up three do/.en cut
blooms of Chrvsanthemums in excellent condition.

BATH CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Xo\t:mber VI AND 10. — The Batli Floral Fete and
Band Committee held its eighth annual show of
C'iirysanthemnms in the Assembly Rooms on the
above dates, and in the number and excellence of
exhibits far eclipsed its predecessors. The trained
specimen plants, which are always shown well at
Bath, were fine productions. The groups were
marked by good culture and tasteful arrangement ;
tlie cut blooms, too, were unusually good, and the
competition keen.

Plants. — Six plants, distinct varieties. — 1st, Jlr.
G. Tucker, gr. to JIajor Clarke, Trowbridge, witli
fresh well-trained plants, specimens of Jlrs. Forsyth,
Golden Christine, and Jlrs. Dixon, measuring nearly
."i feet over, and carried large flowers ; 2nd, Mr.
Kerslake, gr. to Rev. E. Ilandley, who showed well.

Four plants. — Jlr. A. W. Southard, gr. to F. J.
Walker. Esq., Bath, was 1st, the specimens not being
so fine as those in the previous class ; 2nd, Jlr. A.
Hawkins, gr. to T. Jolly, Esq., Bath, with a good lot.

Six Japanese, distinct. — Ist, Mr. G. Tucker, with
grandly flowered Hiver Fleuri, JIadame de Sevin, La
Nymphe, and others ; 2nd, Jlr. Kerslake, wlio
showed creditable plants.

Mr. Cole, gi-. to S. Tredwell. Esq., had the best
four plants, showing fresh well flowered plants. In
the class for pyramidally trained plants (Anemone),
Ist. Mr. Hawkins, with Fleur de Marie. Jlr. Fislier
and Mr. W. Taylor were placed equal 1st for well
flowered plants ol large flowering varieties. Jlr. J.
Soutliard was 1st witli a large flowered (not pyra-
midally trained) plant of Mr. G. Rundle (tlie plant
which took the National Chiysanthemum Society's
Jledal for the best plant in the exhibition).

Primulas. — These are invariably shown well at
Bath, three classes being provided for them in the
schedule. With twelve plants, six dark and six light,
Jlr. Charles Fisher was a good 1st, with exception-
ally good plants, some of them 2 feet in diameter.

For a group of Chrysanthemums Jlr. Southard was
1st for a good arrangement of well flowered plants.

R. B. Carter, Esq., who was the only exhibitor in
tlie class for six Orchids, received 1st prize, showing
excellent Phalrenopsis grandiflora and Oncidium
tigrinum. Jlr. Cole was 1st for six Poinsettias, with
well grown plants having heads of bracts 18 inches
across. Jlr. Jlould was 1st for a collection of plants
arranged for effect. This group, 4 by 10 feet, was
well arranged, and consisted of Orchids, Ixoras, Palms,
and FeiTis. Mr. A. A. Walters was 1st for twelve
Cyclamens. Jlr. Tate was 1st for six Bouvardias ;
and Jlr. G. Shelton. gr. to W. K. Wait, Esq., Clifton,
was 1st for six table plants.

Cut Flowers. — With twenty-four blooms, incurved,
distinct. — Jlr. J. Horsefield, gr. to Lord Ileytesburi',
Heytesbury, led the way with fresh, full, even blooms
of the best varieties; and Jlr. H. W. Ward, gr. to
the Earl of Radnor, Longford Castle, Salisbury, was
a very close 2nd. showing nearly similai- varieties, a
bloom ol Lord Alcester receiving the Jledal of the
National Chrysanthemum Society as being the best
bloom in the show. Jlr. G. Copp, gr. to D. E. S. Erie
Drax, Ilolnest House, Sherbouriie, was 1st for twelve
blooms, distinct.

Japanese. — Jlr. H. W. Ward was Ist for twenty-
four varieties, showing a stand of large fresh blooms ;
Jlr. Horsefield being a very close 2nd. Jlr. R.
Richards was 1st for twelve cutblooms, distinct, with
a grand lot. and was closely followed by Jlessrs.
Copp and Ward. Jlr. Miller, gr. to F. Tagart, Esq.,
Bristol, was 1st with a stand of six blooms. Mr.
Copp was 1st for twelve bunches of pompons; Jlr.
Richards wa< 1st for twelve Anemone (large
flowered), \\illi a dozen gi'and blooms. Jlr. Dobson,
Bristol, was 1st for a dressed vase.

Fruit. — There was a fine show of fruit. The finish
of the Grapes was all that could be desired. Witli
four bunches of Grapes, not less tlian two varieties,
the contest was close between Jlr. William Taylor,
gr. to J. Chaftin, Esq., Bath, and Jlr. W. Pratt, gr.
to the JIarquis of Bath, Longleat, Warminster. The
former was placed 1st, with Black Alicante and Mus-
cat of Alexandria, Jlr. Pratt following with the same
varieties, slightly smaller in bunch and berry, but a
trifle more compact and superbly coloured. Jlr.
Nash, gr. to the Duke of Beaufort, Badminton,
Chippenham, was .'ird, showing grand Alicante and

Gros Clolmar. With three bunches of JIuscat of
Alexandria Mr. Pratt was Ist, showing large bunches,
having large, clean, and grandly coloured berries ;
Jlr. Taylor was a good 2nd, also staging grand
bunches ; Mr. Ellicott, gr. to H. W. Tugwell, Esq.,
Bath, was 3rd.

With three bunches of black Grapes, Jlr. W.
Taylor was placed 1st for exceptionally good Lady
Downe's; Jlr. Nash 2nd, for grand examples of Black
Alicante ; the 3rd going to Jlr. Bailey, Frome, with
the same variety. Pears. — Jlr. Pragnell, Sherborne
Castle, Sherborne, was 1st for six varieties.

I'or a collection of dessert fruit, six kinds, Mr.
Pratt was 1st, with White JIuscats and Black
Alicante Grapes, Salway Peaches, Golden Perfection
Jlelon, Coe's Golden Drop Plums, and Forelle Pears
— a good even lot.

Collections of nine kinds of vegetables were shown
well by Jlr. Copp, Mr. G. Garaway, and Jlr. Prag-
nell, who took the prizes in that order.

PORTSMOUTH.

NovEJiBER 10 andII — This Society held its third
annual exhibition of Chrysanthemums in the Drill
Hall, Landport, on the above dates, and was a great
success in every way, over 80,000 persons visiting at
tlie entrance of one penny, while £40 was taken at
the higher one of 3(Z. — so much for the success of
cheap entrance fees. The show in itself was a
capital one for an unfavourable season, as many as
2000 cut blooms being staged. The cut blooms
caused the most interest, a handsome challenge vase
having been offered by the Society last year for
the first time, when, it" will be remembered, it was
won somewhat easily by Jlr. E. Jlolyneux, gr. to W,
H. Jlyers, Esq., Swanmore Park, Bishop's Walthara.
The conditions were that should the same exhibitor
win the vase twice it should become the property of
the winner. In addition to the vase a money prize,
value £t!, was offered as 1st ; and comjjaratively high
2nd, and other prizes were ofl'ered.

Eight competitors entered. Jlr. Jlolyneux again
became the winner, his incurved blooms being
marked by fine finish, depth, and brilliancy of colour.
Jlessrs. W. & G. Drover, nurserymen, Fareham,
were 2nd, the Japanese from this firm being very
fine, quite equal to those in the 1st prize stand,
but the incurved blooms lacked quality. Jlr. R.
Woodfine, gr. to Captain Boyd, Emsworth House,
Havant, was 3rd. staging very fine Japanese ; the
incurved were of medium size, but coarse.

For the best twelve Japanese varieties, distinct,
thirteen competed. — Ist, Jlr. Woodfine staging fine
specimens.

For twelve incurved, distinct, twelve entered the
lists. — 1st, Mr. Molyneux, with solid well furnished
blooms ; Jlessrs. Drover 2nd, with almost equally
good blooms.

Reflexed varieties were shown by ten competitors.
— Ist. Messrs. Drover, with very deep solid blooms.
Jlr. Russell staged the best Anemone flowers in six
kinds.

For six blooms in three varieties of Anemone
Japanese, Jlessrs. Drover were Ist, with extremely
handsome ones of Mdlle. Cabrol and Fabian de
Jlediana. Jlr. Russell staged the best Pompons.

For six Japanese, six incurved, and six reflexed
kinds, Jlessrs. W. Wood & Sous, Wood Green,
London, offered a Silver Jledal and a money prize,
the condition being that the plants must have been
supplied with their liquid manure powder. Mr.
Jlolyneux was easily 1st, staging hepvy fresh blooms.

The premier incurved bloom in the whole show was
one of Lord Alcester, staged by the Rev. S. Wells
in the amateur division ; the flower was of an extra
deep colour and was of splendid form. Jlr. Moly-
neux with Avalanche won the premier prize for the
best bloom of a Japanese variety,

Groups 50 X II feet brought eleven competitors,
the best coming from 'V'ictoria Park — the gardener
Jlr. Hatch. The plants were arranged in a tasteful
manner, uud the varieties used were mostly Japanese,
which bore large full blooms.

Tlie growing of specimen Chrysanthemums was
encouraged by the award of a Jubilee prize of £10
for 1st, £5 for 2nd, and £2 lO.''. for 3rd, for eight
specimens. Si.x persons showed, and a fine collec-
tion of finely grown plants was exhibited. 1st, Jlr.
Wakeford. gr. to G. Harris, Esq., Shirlev, South-
ampton ; 2nd, Jlr. Wills, gr. to Jlrs. Pearce, The
Ferns, Bassett, Southampton, who perhaps would
have had the higher place, had not some malicious
person mutilated his plants on the night of Novem-
ber .5. Jfr. Wills staged the best single specimen

NOTOMBEK 19, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

633

— a good one of Dr. Sharpe. Many prizes were
offered to growers and amateurs living in Portsea
Island only, who showed remarkably well.

Fruit was not staged in large quantities, but was
good in quality. Two bunches Black Grapes. — 1st,
Mr. Molyneux, showing well finished Black Alicante,
followed by Mr. A. Smith. The heaviest bunches of
Grapes were staged by the same exhibitors in the
order named. Mr. J. Chalk, gr. to G. Kead, Esq.,
Salisbury, showed the best white Grapes — well
ripened ones of Muscat of Alexandria.

Vegefabhs were shown in considerable abundance,
the best collections being those of Mr. Molyneux and
Mr. Penford. In a special class for five kinds, Mr.
A. Smith was 1st, for very good productions.

tion for Apples and Pears. Did space permit the
names of other prominent exhibitors of cut blooms.
Grapes and vegetables, should be mentioned, especi-
ally that of Messrs. Paul & Sons, of the Old Nur-
series, Choshunt, who sent, not for competition, a
group of foliage plants, and filled a large table space
with a collection of Apples.

HUDDERSFIELD CHRYSANTHEMTTM.

TiiK Iluddersfield Chrysanthemum Society, whose
fourth annual show was opened on Friday, the 11th
inst., at the Town Hall, is in flourishing circum-
stances financially, and that it is doing the work by
which its existence is justified will be amply evident
to all who visited the Town Hall during the time the
show was open. The groups of Chrysanthemums
attracted very general attention. There were four
of these groups, two being directly in front of the
orchestra, and one on each side of the hall. Although
the season has not been particularly good this year
for growing Chrysanthemums, these groups presented
a fine appearance, being better grown and better
arranged than those previously shown in this way.
The group obtaining the 1st prize was the property
of Mr. J. F. Brigg, and was described by one of the
judges as an extraordinariiy fine one ; the 2nd prize
group belonged to Mrs. J. \y. Taylor, and thougli
the foliage was green and healthy the flowers were
not equal to the 1st, though it made a very good 2nd.

In the open class a 1st prize of £10 was offered for
forty-eight dissimilar varieties, twenty-four Japanese
and twenty-four incurved, but there was only one
entry; this, however, was an extremely fine display,
being shown by Mr. A. E. Cox, gr. to Mr. W. H.
Watts, of Liverpool, who also was 2nd for twenty-
four incurved varieties.

The 1st prize in the class for twenty-four varieties
went to Mr. J. P. Leadbetter, gr.. Tranby Croft, Hull,
who displayed some remarkably fine specimens.

The Anemone and reflexed were excellent classes,
and the competition ^yas keen. In the local class
the exhibits were all meritorious, one single speci-
men Japanese, La Nymphe. being specially worthy of
commendation. In the cut blooms and miscellaneous
plants in the local class the competition was very
keen, many of the specimens being of excellent
quality. The bunches of stove and greenhouse cut
blooms were all good, but the bouquets were rather
too large, though the arrangements were very good.

CHESHTJNT CHRYSANTHEMUM.

The fourth exhibition of this Society was held in
St. Marys Hall, on November 11 and 12. The hall
was well filled, and the productions of all kinds very
meritorious, showing a marked advance In quality
upon any of the previous exhibitions. The principal
groups of plants showed excellent quality in the
incurved and Japanese, but as groups they lacked
finish, owing to the want of smaller plants grown in
6-inch pots, well leaved, to place in front of the taller
ones. A. C. Cocker, Esq., Bury Green (J. Dudley,
gr.), w;is awarded the 1st prize against six com-
petitors.

The best group of miscellaneous plants — and a
very creditable one it was — came from C. J. Parting-
ton. Esq., Heaton House (Mr. Learin, gr.) It was
made up of Ferns, foliage plants, and Orchids prin-
cipally. Some half-dozen specimens of Odontoglossum
crispum were very remarkable, the spikes being of
great vigour — a branched one had fifty-two flow'ers
on it. There were also handsome specimens of
Trichosme suavis, and two handsome forms of Odon-
toglossum tripudians.

Robert Ewing. Esq., Burton Grange (T. Bettes-
worth, gr.), was awarded the principal prizes for cut
blooms of the incurved and Japanese sections. The
Japanese were remarkably good in quality, some of
the old varieties, such as Criterion, Soleil Levant,
Meg Merrilies, and Thumberg were very fine. W.
J. Rowlett, Esq., The Woodlands (gr., P. Perry), was
awarded 1st prize in a good competition for a dozen
Chinese Primulas ; the plants were large, and well
furnished with flowers of excellent quality.

R. Ewing, Esq., took the lead in a good competi-

WATFORD CHRYSANTHEMTTM.

November 15 and 16. — This was the second exhi-
bition of this Society, and although the exhibits
this year were not so numerous as last year, yet the
general effect of the show was more pleasing, the
Japanese blooms being very light and pleutiful.
Almost the whole of the ground-floor of the Agricul-
tural Hall, Watford, was occupied by groups, !kc.,
which formed the chief part of the display.

The prizes offered for a group of miscellaneous
plants brought forth several competitors — Mr.
Brown, gr. to J. E. B. Cox, Esq., Moat Mount, Mill
Hill, taking 1st, for a light neat arrangmcnt of
Primulas, Orchids, Palms, Crotons, Urceolina pen-
dula, Bouvardias, &c., with Adiantums as a base ;
2nd, Mr, Duismore, gr. to T. F. Blackwell, Esq., The
Cedars. Harrow Weald, who had a fine lot of plants
— too many, in fact, for the group was much too
heavy.

The best group of Chrysanthemums in the open
division comprised a number of nice plants with good
flowers, both incurved and Japanese varieties being
good : Mr. Wilson, gr. to G. Rooper, Esq., Watford,
was the exhibitor, and was run closely by Mr.
Davies, gr. to E. A. Woolley, Esq., Abbot's Langley, to
whom the 2nd prize was awarded. In the competition
confined to members, Mr. Kirby. gr. to Mr. Justice
Charles Garbet. Watford, led with a very fine group
containing very creditable plants of Madame C.
Audigier and Elaine, but throughout the blooms
were large and bright. Mr. Leyzell, gr. to Rev. T.
F. Gibbs, Aldenhara, also took a 1st prize for a very
creditable group, the plants being freely flowered.
There were various other groups, but the foregoing
were the chief. Mr. Myers, gr. to the Earl of
Clarendon, contributed much to the show by a large
group of plants, not for competition. The arrange-
ment was excellent, and the material used well
grown. There were good Chrysanthemums, espe-
cially of Madame C. Audigier (very large). Palms,
Crotons, Dracamas, Ixora Williamsi, and Erica
hyemalis — a very good exhibit.

In the cut bloom sections nearly all the leading
prizes were taken by Mr. Beckett, gr. to H. H.
Gibbs. Esq., Aldenham House. Elstree, who was an
easy 1st in those classes where he took that award.
In the open class for twenty-four Japanese he showed
capital flowers, especially of Madame C. Audigier,
Boule d"Or, and Mr. R. Brockbank; good also were
Val d'Andorre, Roi des Japonaiss, and J. H. Laing ;
this exhibit received Messrs. W. Wood & Son's
Medal as the best in the show. 2nd, Mr. Blick, gr.
to T. Narburgh, Esq., Elstree. with average quality
blooms. Mr. Beckett was again 1st with twenty-four
incurved, but these were not so fine as the Japanese.
This exhibitor showed very well in numerous other
Chrysanthemum classes, which need not be particu-
larised ; he also took 1st for table plants, &c. In the
maiden classes, Mr. Duismore and Mr. Bradbury,
Harrow, were respectively 1st for Japanese and for
incurved, both showing fairly well. Mr. Brown, gr.
to R. Henty, Esq., Abbot's Langley, showed good
Anemone flowered varieties, taking 1st. the prize
being offered by Messrs. Laing & Co.. Forest Hill.
Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son, Highgate, London, showed
various varieties of Pernettya mucronata. Primulas
in pots were very good from Mr. Wilson, gr. to G.
Rooper, Esq., Watford.

Fruit was good, especially some of the Grapes, Mr.
Humphrey, gr. to S. Johnson. Esq., Glenhaven,
Elstree, leading in the class for three bunches of any
variety, showing good bunches of Gros Colmar, well
finished. Mr. Beckett led with excellent Black
Alicante for three black bunches, being followed by
Mr. Blick with the same variety. The last exhibitor
took the premier award for three white, showing very
creditable samples of Muscat of Alexandria. He also
took a similar place for four dishes of Apples, show-
ing Lane's Prince Albert, King of the Pippins, and
Blenheim Orange well. For six dishes Mr. Beckett
was again to the front with good samples of Cox's
and of Blenheim Orange. Mr. Heasman, gr. to
Mrs. Brighton, Stanmore, was the most successful
exhibitor of four dishes. An interesting collection
of Apples, all the best sorts, was sent by Messrs.
Lane & Sous, Berkhampsted.

Vegetables. — Mr. Leyzell received a 1st for a col-
lection, showing produce of fair quality ; but the
best display was in the competition for Sutton &
Sons' prizes, where Mr. Beckett added one more to his
already long list of successes ; he had good Carrots,
Tomatos, and Onions; he also was the best exhibitor
of twelve vegetables, having very good Cauliflowers,
Mushrooms, and Leeks here.

Cottagers' exhibits were numerous and good, some
of the vegetables, especially Carrots, being very fine.

Bouquets, buttonholes, sprays, epergnes, were
also shown.

CHISWICK HORTICITLTURAL.

The annual Chrysanthemum show of this
suburban Society took place on Thursday last in
the Vestry Hall, which was quite filled with a really
good and eflective display of plants and cut flowers.
In the principal class — that for a group of Chrysan-
themums— there were five competitors, 1st honours
being adjudged to Messrs. W. Fromow & Sons, Chis-
wick, for a most tasteful exhibition, comprising well-
grown plants and fine blooms.

A spirited competition took place in the class for
twenty-four blooms, twelve incurved and twelve
Japanese. The 1st prize in this class was awarded
to Mr. C. J. Waite, Glenhurst Gardens, Esher, for a
capital stand of flowers.

Interest attached to the class for twelve incurved
varieties, as that successful cultivator, Mr. E. Sander-
son, competed, adding another to his many successes.

Fine groups, not for competition, were staged by
Mr. Roberts, of Gunnersbury Park, and Mr. M. T.
May. gr. to the Marquis of Bute, Chiswick House.

The cottagers' display of vegetables was extensive
and creditable.

From the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens
were sent good examples of Gros Colmar, Black
Alicante, and Alnwick Seedling Grapes.

Foreign Correspondence.

FORESTS OF TUNIS.

The following interesting account of the forests
of Tunis has recently been issued from the Foreign
Office in the form of a Consular report: —

The forests of Tunis, which cover an appreciable
part of the surface of the country, were, until the
French occupation, subject to no supervision, and
suffered from the many causes resulting from the
want of that supervision. In 1883 the French, alive
to the importance of preserving what remained of
these forests, which are the property of the State,
placed them under the management of a separate
department, ^vhich has carefully explored their
extent, and conclusively demonstrated that they
are an important clement of national wealth.

The explorations of the new department have
resulted in the division of the forests into two main
groups ; one consisting of the Cork tree and
deciduous Oak, locally known as " Zen," covering
the north-western angle of Tunis, where it abuts on
the Algerian frontier and the sea, inhabited by the
Kroumirs, and separated from the rest of Tunis by
the river Mejerdah. These trees grow in a stratum
of sandstone, which again reposes on the upper chalk,
and they completely disappear where the latter
stratum crops to the surface. They cover an area of
about 360.000 acres, on 330,000 of which flourishes
the Cork tree, and on 30,000 the " Zen." It is
found that the former invariably grow on the southern
slopes of this mountainous region ; and, on the
northern slopes and in the hollows of valleys, the
latter.

South of the river Mejerdah both these trees dis-
appear, and give place to the Pine and a species of
evergreen Oak. They are scattered over various
mountainous regions of no great elevation, all com-
prised in the northern half of the Regency, where
alone the rainfall is sufficient to sustain their growth.
The principal forest groups are found in the following
places : — Zaghouan, Djuggar, and Jebel-el-Erssaas,
not far from the city of Tunis ; Kessera, and the
Zlass Mountains, further south ; Sidi Yussef, Wady
MeJ^gue, Nebeur, and Haydra, ftirther towards the

634

THE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEB 19, 1887.

west. It is calculated that these several forest groups
cover a surface about equal to that covered by the
Cork trees and " Zen," viz., 360,000 acres.

These latter forest groups are in a more neglected
state than the former. For the most part they are
nearer to important towns than the Cork forests, and
from time immemorial have supplied those towns
with fuel. The bark of the Pine is also used for
tanning and colouring hides and skins ; and, as no
control is exercised over the cutting down of trees,
or stripping them of their bark, and goats are allowed
to roam everywhere, the forests are rapidly deterio-
rating. No legislation has as yet been adopted for
putting a stop to this waste, and though the Depart-
ment of Woods and Forests proposes that the chiefs
of the contiguous villages and tribes should be held
responsible for the depredations, the Government has
not yet ventured on this high-handed measure.

It is to the Cork forests that the attention of the
new administration has been mainly directed, They
are situated in a country with a very sparse popula-
tion, dwelling in huts formed of the branches of trees.
Their number is estimated at 18,000 souls, or only
one individual to 30 acres. It was open to the French
administration, which wields the authority of the Bey,
to adopt one of the three following systems in dealing
with the woods and forests, viz., their sale, their con-
cession for fixed periods, or their management by the
State. The last was chosen as the system best
adapted for their preservation and extension, par-
ticularly as it was held to be of paramount import-
ance to favour the increase of rainfall in the country,
the quantity of which is supposed to be intimately
connected with the extent of the forests. That they
were more extensive in the times of the Romans, and
that they conduced to augment the annual rainfall,
may be inferred from the discovery of numerous
aqueducts among hills which are now absolutely
denuded of trees and destitute of springs.

Much has been done during recent years in im-
proving the condition of these Cork forests. Roads
have been cut through them, and at stated intervals
spacious alleys have been frayed to serve as a means
for arresting the march of the destructive fires which
frequently ravage them. Above all, much progress
has been made in barking the Cork trees — an opera-
tion which consists in stripping the rough bark ofiT
the trunks of the trees to the height of 5 or 6 feet
from the ground. This virgin bark is without value,
and only ten years after the trees have been
robbed of it is the inner bark available for commer-
cial purposes, the trees giving a erop of Cork every
ten years. To meet the expenses incurred in these
operations there were available the sums accruing
from the sale of the trees already felled, and of the
bark of the " Zen " for tanning. Little has been
done towards working the less valuable forests to the
south of that river. An experiment has been made
in planting with trees a small tract of mountain land
near Hammam-el-Enf, some ten miles to the east
of the town of Tunis. The operation consists in
digging holes at short distances, and in dropping in
each a few seeds of the Pine tree. Several hundred
acres have thus been planted with tolerable success,
at an expense of £4 10*. an acre.

The worst enemies of the forest are goats. Some
French colonists have taken steps to exclude these
animals from their estates, and the result has been
that shrubs, which never attained the height of more
than 2 or 3 feet, have in four or five years assumed
the dimensions of trees. This is particularly ap-
parent in the large domain of Enfida, near Susa,
belonging to the Franco-African Company, where
the Thuia, a species of Cypress — which covers much
of that domain — from a dwarf shrub has now, within
the space of six years, attained a height of 20 to
25 feet. The French railway company which owns
the line running from Tunis to the Algerian frontier,
has succeeded in planting a considerable number of
the Eucalyptus resinifera (the Red Gum tree), and
Acacia cyanophylla. It is estimated that ,300,000
trees have been planted along the line of railway.

The cost of planting an acre with the Eucalyptus
amounts to £20, about 1600 trees going to the acre of

nursery ground. After planting out, it is probable
that at the end of twenty years 600 trees will have
survived, worth Ss. apiece.

The bark of the Acacia cyanophylla is rich in
tannin, and valuable for the tanner. In the whole
of Southern Tunis there exists but a single forest,
formed of a species of Acacia. It is situated about
25 miles inland from Ifax, and covers an area five
miles long by a little over a mile in width. This
forest, which was formerly much more extensive, is
protected from the northerly winds by high land,
and the trees grow in clumps in depressions of
alluvial soil. Though they only attain a height of
10 feet, the trunks furnish planks 8 or 10 inches
wide, of an exceedingly hard grain, and capable of
taking a fine polish. J. H. J.

Scotland.

EDEN LODGE GARDENERS' BENEFIT
SOCIETY.

This Society has recently been instituted in Edin-
burgh, with the object of providing mutual benefit
during sickness or other times of distress to members.
The membership is entirely confined to practical
gardeners, foresters, and nursery assistants. It is
the first society of the kind established in Scotland,
and is connected with the British Order of Free
Gardeners, a very prosperous, registered friendly
society. Such a Society has been long felt to be not
only a desirable but necessary means of inculcating
habits of providence on the part of the classes for
which it is established, and it is receiving an encou-
raging amount of support. The membership is
steadily increasing, and a number of the leading
nurserymen and gardeners in the neighbourhood
of Edinburgh are becoming patrons and hono-
rary members. The Society meets every alter-
nate Wednesday evening at 5, St. Andrew Square,
Edinburgh, and Mr. A. Smith, Pilrig Nurseries, is
the Secretary. At the last meeting (November 2) it
was announced that Mr. James Alexander, of Messrs.
Dicksons"& Co., had made a donation to the funds
of the Society of £50 — an announcement that was
received with grateful acknowledgment by the
Society.

The Weather.

MEAN TEMPERATUKE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING NOV. 26. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Nov. 20 ...

... 41°.7

Nov. 24

. 41'>.5

„ 21 ...

. ... W.S

„ 25

.. 41».5

„ 22 ...
„ S3 ...

... 41°.6
. ... 41°.6

„ 26

Mean for the week

.. 41°.4
.. 41''.6

duration over England and the greater part of Scot-
land ranged from 1 to 9, and that over Ireland and
in ' Scotland, N.,' from 14 to 22. In the ' Channel
Islands ' the percentage was 34,

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32* F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Nov. 14, is furnished from the
Meteorological OlEce : —

" The weather has been very cloudy or dull over
the whole country. During the earlier days of the
period the conditions over England were rainy, but
at most of the Irish and Scotch stations scarcely any
rain fell until the week drew towards its close.

" The tempemiure has been slightly above the
mean in ' England, N.E.,' but in other districts it
has either been 1° or 2° below, or about equal to its
normal value. The highest of the maxima, which
were generally recorded on the 8th, ranged from
49° in ' Scotland, E.,' to 57° in the ' Channel
Islands.' The lowest of the minima were registered
in most places on the 14th, when the thermometer
fell to between 23° and 30° in Ireland and Scotland,
and to between 29° and 34° over England.

" HaiiifaU has equalled the mean in the ' Channel
Islands,' but in all other districts it has been less.
In Ireland and Scotland the fall has been very
slight.

" Bright sunshine has been very deficient in all dis-
tricts. The percentage of the possible amount of

Temperature.

Above or

A00UMXIU.Tia>.

li li

jelow the

u

u

Mean for

°o, ?

:r-5

as,- aS .

ending

r?

Nov. 14.

¥

ia'lH"

<& !«l

Principal Wheatrpro-

Day-

Day-

Day-

Day-

ducing Districts.

0

Scotland, N. ...

2 below

3

21

+ 46

-1- 61

1

Scotland, E. ...

1 below

3

21

+ 80

+ 75

2

Enoland, N.E. ...

1 above

12

4

— 68-1- 93

3

England, K. ...

0 (aver.)

16

4

— 137-1- 206

4

Mldland Cos. ...

0 (aver.)

13

6

— 106'4- 208

6

England, S.

0 (aver.)

18

2

— 193

+ 198

Pr

ncipal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6

Scotland, W. ...

0 (aver.)

9

18

_ 77-1- 83

7

England,N.W....

I below

12

4

— 78 -t- 121

8

England, S.W....

2 below

20

6

— 129 + 303

9

Ireland, N.

1 below

17

9

+ 118 -1- 23

10

Ireland, S. ...

3 below

23

10

+ 131 + 109

Channel Islands

3 below

36

0

— 94|-t- 7T

Raihtall.

Bbishi
SimsHDnc.

Districts.

is .

III

i

hi

III

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

0 less

201

33.7

23

23

1 . Scotland, E. ...

4 less

152

21.4

9

33

3. England, N.E. ...

1 less

143

17.4

1

33

3. England, E. ...

1 less

136

16.9

6

40

4. Midland Cos. ...

3 less

123

17.1

4

37

6. England, S. ...

2 less

122

18.2

6

40

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

9 less

161

31.3

3

35

7. England, N.W....

8 less

132

20.9

1

36

8. England, S.W....

7 le-ss

128

22.8

21

46

9. Ireland, N.

Slesa

154

27.3

14

33

10. Ireland, S.

7 less

129

23.2

31

40

— Channel Islands

0 (aver).

144

20.2

34

50

Enquiries.

" He that guestioneth muc/t shall learn mue/t." — Bacon.

Samphire (Ceithmum mabitimitm). — According to
Watson's Topographicul Botany, the true Samphire
is found on the southern or western coast of every
maritime county of Great Britain, from Kent to Ayr-
shire, both counties inclusive, with the exceptions of
Lancashire, Cheshire, Flint, Denbigh, Monmouth,
and Gloucester. Bentham notes it as " abundant in
s luthern and western England, and southern Ire-
land." I shall be obliged by any information as to
its occurrence on the western or northern coast of
Ireland, or on the southern or French coast of the
English Channel, or in the CHiannel Islands. Dits.

NOTBMBOT 19, 1887.]

THE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE.

635

Notices to Correspondents.

Apples Diseased: (?. Smith. This is not an un-
common condition, and is not traceable to fungus,
although fungus mould frequently occurs in the
sequel. The disease consists in a disintegration
of the cells of which the fruit is composed, air
accumulates between them, the juice loses its acid-
ity, and fermentation occurs in it, giving rise to a
pleasant ethereal taste. The probable cause is the
hot summer, which has diminished the quantity of
water sent to the young fruit, and the consequent
chemical changes. The process is similar to the
" bletting " of Medlars.

Chktsanthemum Spoht fkom Roseum pictum : W.
B. S. It has the same appearance as when we saw
it last November.

Early Peuning of Vines, &c. : A Young Beginner,
The most approved practice is, as soon as the
foliage is ripe, to shorten back to 6 inches all the
lateral shoots of Vines intended to be forced at an
early date, but to defer the final cutting back
until a week or so previously to shutting up the
house. By this method the basal buds on the
spurs are rendered plump in appearance, and do
perhaps start sooner : but it is questionable ii this
double pruning really occasions earlier ripening.
It looks tidier, certainly. The dominant idea is
that it increases the size of the embryo bunch, but
with how much truth has not been practically
settled. The big bunches are the result of high
feeding, moderate cropping, well-made borders,
and young vigorous Vines.

Names of Frcit : JVilliam Brown. 1, Peasgood's
Nonsuch ; 3, Cox's Pomona ; 4, Betty Geeson ; 5,
Minshul Crab. Fear: Hacon's Incomparable. —
D. J. 1 and 2, not identified ; 3, Yorkshire Green-
ing. — M. J., Norwich. I, White DoyennS ; 2,
Flemish Beauty ; 6, Marie Louise d'UccIe ; 6,
Apple Barton's Incomparable. — H. F. 1, Pear
Bezi Mai; 2, Blenheim Orange; 3. Cellini; 4,
New Hawthornden ; 5, Gloria Mundi ; 6. Dutch
Mignonne. — Malus. 1 and 2, King of the Pippins ;
3, not known, worthless. — F. M. I, Augustus
Pearmain ; 2 and 5, not known ; 3, Court of
Wick; 4. Dumelow's Seedling. Pears: I, Beurr^
Diel ; 2. Brown Beurr6. — L. H. The large Apple
is called Peasgood's Nonsuch ; the other American
Mother.

Names of Plants : S. ^- Co. 2, Vaccinium ovatum.
A. Moore. I, Lastraja patens ; 2. Campy lobotrys
Ghiesbreghtii ; 3, next week ; 4, Thuja Wareana ;
5, Asplenium alatum ; 6, next week ; 7, a form of
Biota orientalis. — W. H. We do not profess to
name these, — (?. G. L. We do not name Crotons.
Salvias next week. — G. H. I, Asplenium flacci-
dum ; 2, Litobrochia vespertilionis ; 3, Doryoptens
palmata ; 4, Asplenium bulbiferum ; 5, Pteris
serrulata ; 6, Clielianthes spectabilis. — W. Yeo.
Adiantum cuneatum mundulum, Asplenium ala-
tum, Aspidium macrophyllum, Epidendrum fra-
grans. — T. H. L.-elia Perrini imperfectly developed
flowers. — Australia. We cannot undertake to name
the plant from the leaves sent.

Peat as Fuel in Glasshouse Boilers : H. G. With
a very large furnace under the vertical tube boiler
you could maintain the heat of your houses during
not very severe weather, but we should not like to
rely on this kind of fuel in hard weather, unless
the amount of pipe in the houses was considerably
in excess of what is commonly employed. For
hot air or flue-heating the fuel would answer much
better, as nearly the whole of the heat evolved
would then be used, which is not the case with
boiler fires ; and, moreover, the cost of the peat
would be less than that of coke, if it cost you
nothing beyond cutting, stacking to dry in summer
time, and the hauling one mile.

Vines : Noir. We are unable to give you any
fu rther information of a definite character.

Walnuts to Keep Fresh : J. R. B. By placing
the Nuts in layers of almost dry sand, or powdered
charcoal, in a box — or, better still, an earthenware
pan — in a cool place. By this means the Nuts will
keep in good condition for six months.

Watercress for Market: An Inquirer. The
essential for Watercress culture are wholesome
running water, free from iron, copper, &c. The
ditches, or canals, should be of convenient width,
so that gathering may be done from a plank

gstretched acfosB them. The bottom should be

levelled, and made to allow of about 4 to 6 inches
in depth of water to flow over the roots of the
plants, and ought to consist of fairly rich stiff
loam, covered with clean gravel in quantity just
enough to prevent the soil being carried away.
An outlet ditch with pen-stock should be used to
prevent undue flooding of the beds ; and this is
better placed up stream. Plants can be procured
at any time during autumn and early spring, or
even in summer, and be planted at 6 to 8 inches
apart. Gathering should not be done before the
plants have reached a height above the water of
4 inches.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

DicKSONs & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, N.B.
— Forest Trees, &c.

J. Cheal & Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley,
Sussex— Trees and Shrubs, Eoses, &c.

HowDEN & Co., Inverness — Trees, Shrubs, Fruits,
Herbaceous Plants, &c.

V. Doppleb, Erfurt, Prussia — Electrotypes of Vege-
tables and Flowers.

F. H. Spaceman, Romford — Roses.

Ohmiston k Renwick, Melrose, Roxburghshire —
Conifers, Forest, Fruit, and other Trees ; Roses,
and Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs.

Jas. Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester —
Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs ;
Select Fruits.

Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset — Wholesale
List of Gladioli.

C. Mitchell, Stranraer, N.B, — Forest, Ornamental
Trees, Shrubs, Roses, &c.

L.vNDHETH, Philadelphia, U.S.A. — American Pedi-
gree Seeds, Rural Register, and Almanac.

Fbuit.— Average Wholesai,b Fbioes.

COMMUSICATIONS RECEIVED.— J. V, V., Brussels.— J, H. K.,
Haarlem. — B,, Hawaii, — R, A., Natal, — Miss S,, Fulham. —
W, F, C. St, Francisco,— D. M,— J. H., Trinidad.— Prof,
Ward — R„ Paris,- F, R. B, (see oar reports),- M, D,, Dal-
keith,—H, N, K,— W, T,— A, M,— G. K,— H. H,— G, S,—
.T. B.— W, H,— East Anglia,— H, J, R,— W. B. H.— A. A.
Peelers.- J. L.— E. C— W. S.— G. B.— W. W.— G. M.—
B. A. T,— J. T.— H. J. S.— W. C— C. B. P.
l^ Correspondents seTidinef plants or fruits to be named, or

asking questioTis demanding timeand research for their solution,

must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the

current week.

IARKET8,

COVENT GARDEN, November 17.

Our market is very depressed ; no alteration.
James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesaxe Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Chrysanthemums,

per dozen 6

Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Epiphyllum, doz. ... 9
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Euonymua, in var,,

per dozen 6

0-18 0
0-2-1 0
0-13 0

0-60 0
0-24 0
0-24 0
0-18 0

per dozen 6 0-24 0

Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0
Ficus elastica. each . 1 6- 7 Q
Foliage plants,

Fuchsias, doz.
Marguerites, doz.
Myrtles, per do;

2 0-10 0

3 0-90
9 0-12 0
6 0-12 0

-, each 2 6-21 0

.30-60

Cut Flowers. — Average Wholesale Pbioes.

Abutilons. 12 bun ... 3
Arum Lilies, 12 blma. 6
Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 1
Bouvardias. per bun. 0
Camellias. 12 blms... 2
Carnations, 12 blms. 1
Chrysanth., 12 bun. 6
— large, 12 blooms 1
Eucharis, per dozen 6

Gardenias. 12 blooms 3
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0
Hyacin.,Rom., 12 sp. 1
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3
Mignonette, 12 bun. 19-30
Narciss., paper white,
12 sprays 1

6- 1 0
0-4 0
0-3 0
0-18 0
0-4 0
0-8 0
0-6 0
6- 1 0
0-16
0-6 0

Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 9- ]

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 6- (
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9- ]

Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 0- .'

— coloured, dozen. 1 0- A

— red.perdozen ... 2 0- I

— Saffrano.dozen... 0 9- ]
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 6 0- i.
Tuberoses. 12 blms..,. 0 6- 1
Violets, 12bunches... 10-1

— French, bunch... 16-2

— Fr. Parme, bun. 3 0-5
White Lilac, French,

per bunch 7 0- fi

Applei

m

13-36
16-40
Grapes, per lb. ...10-3 0
— Channel Isl., lb. 0 6-09
Kent Cobs, 100 lb. ...65 0- ...
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0

.d.

Melons, each
Peaches, dozen

— French, dozen
Pine-appleg,Eng.,lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50

.06-20

.20-90

.2 6-60

10-16

SEEDS.

Vegetables.— Average Retaii, Peices.
. d. s. d.

Artichokes, p. doz,,,, 6 0-
Beans, Kidney, lb, „, 0 9- ,,,
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch,,, 0 6- .,.
Cauliflowers, each ,,, 0 4- ,,,
Celery, per bundle ,,. 16-20
Cucumbers, each ...0 6-10
Endive, per dozen ,,, 2 0- .,.
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeka, per bunch ... 0 3- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ...

Lettuce. Cos., each... 0 3- ...

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20

Mustard and Cress,
punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ,,. 5 0- ...

Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ...

Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 6 0
,, kidney, percwt, 4 0-60

Shallots, per lb, .,, 0 6- ,..

Spinach, per bushel,,, 3 0- .,.

Tomatos, per lb. ,,, 0 9- ,..

Turnips, new, bunch 0 8- ...
PoTATOS, — Regents, 50s. to 120s. ; Magnmn Bonums, 50x, to
80a, ; Beauty of HebronB, lOOJ. to UOs. ; Victoriae, lOOs.
per ton.

London : November 16. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, B.C., ^report a'more
general inquiry and an increasing business all round.
AH varieties of seeds are exceedingly firm: for Red
Clover and French Italian higher rates are demanded
and obtained. There is no quotable change in either
white Alsike or Trefoil. Perennial Kye-grasses
command full prices. In Canary seed the tendency,
is upwards : Hemp seed is without alteration. Blue
Peas keep steady. Haricot Beans, being extremely
scarce, are dearer. Mustard and Rape seed sell
slowly on former terms.

CORN.

Averages, — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended November 12: — Wheat, 30s, 6ci, ; Barley,
29s, &d, ; Oats, 15s, bd. For the corresponding
week in 1886 :— Wheat, 3U, ; Barley, 27«. U.
Oats, 17s.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columhia: Nove>TAer\8. — Average supplies of all
kinds of fresh vegetables, Potatos, &c. Trade good.
Prices fair. Good supply of Apples and Pears, with
an active demand. ^Quotations : — Blenheim Orange
Apples, 5s. Qd. to 7s. per bushel ; dessert, do., 3s. Gi
to ^s. ^d. do. ; cooking do., 3s, to bs, do, ; stewing
Pears, 4s. to 5s, Hd. do, ; desseit, 6s. to 8s. 6d. do. ;
Savoys, 5s, to Os, per tally ; Cabbages, 3s, Gd. to 8s.
do, ; Brussels Sprouts, 3s, Qd. to 5s, per sieve ; winter
Spinach, 2s, do, ; Cauliflowers, 2s, to 3s, per dozen ;
bunch Greens, 2s, 6ii, to 3s, do, ; bunch Turnips, 3s, to 4«.
do, ; Carrots, Is, f>d. to 2s, do. ; bunch Beetroots,
2s, to 25, 9d. do, ; Celery, M. to Is, 3d. per roll ;
English Onions, 8s. to 9s. per cwt. ; foreign do.,
7s. to 8s. per bag of 110 lb. ; Carrots, 28s. to 42».
per ton.

Steatford : Novemher 16, — The market has been
well supplied with all kinds of produce, and a brisk
trade was done at the undermentioned quotations :
— Cabbages, 7s, to 8s, per tally ; Savoys, 8s. to 125.
do. ; Greens, 35, to 3s, %d. per dozen bunches ;
Cauliflowers, 2s, to 2s. dd, per dozen ; Turnips, 3s.
to 35, Qtd. per dozen bunches, 40s, to 50s. per ton ;
Carrots, household, 40s. to 50s. do; do., cattle feed-
ing, 305. to 35s.. do. ; Parsnips, &d, to Qd, per score ;
Mangels, IBs, to 20s, per ton ; Swedes, 22s, to 24«.
do, ; Onions, Belgium, 6s, to 7s, per bag ; do,, Ger-
man, 7s, Qd. to 8ff, per case ; Apples, English, 2s. to
lis. per busliel ; do., 45. to 10s. per hamper ; 'Water-
cress, Qd. per dozen ; Carrots, 25. Qd. to 35, per dozen
bundles ; Pears, good, 45. to 4s. Qd, per bushel ;
radishes, lOrf. to Is, per dozen; Celery, Is. per
bundle,

POTATOS.

BoHODOH AND SpiTALFiELDs : November 15.— The
weather has rather interrupted supplies for some
days past, and the markets are rather firmer in con-
sequence, but the demand is not active. Quotations :
—Regents, 605. to 100s. ; Hebrons, 90s. to 120s. ;
Early Roses, 90s. to 110s. ; Magnum Bonums, 55«.
to 90s. per ton.

CoLtJMDiA (East London) : Novemher 16. — Quota-
tions : — Beauty of Hebron, 80s. to 100s. ; Regents,
60s. to 80s. ; V^ictorias, 60s. to 70s. ; Magnums 50s.
to 90s. per ton. ,

Imports. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 804 bags 204 packages from Ghent, 9
bags 58 ■ packages Flushing, 16 bags 12 baskets
Rotterdam, 356 bags Harlingen, 3404 Hamburgh,
605 Bremen, 182 Antwerp, 17 Ostend, and 2 bags
Boulogne.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 86s. to
98s. ; inferior, 70s. to 82s. ; hay, prime, 70s. to
92s. 6rf. ; inferior, 45«. to 6,5s ; and straw, 27». to 40
per Ibad.

636

TEE GJMDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVBMBEB 19, 1887.

EUONYMUS.— 20,000 : all nice bushy well
grown specimens, 9 to 30 inches, 16s. to £7 per 100 ;
about 150 large ones, 3.!. id. to hs. each.

J. J. CL-4-EK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Ifl acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, FERNS. HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

by innumerable unsolicited Testimonials. Rhododendron PEAT,
lEAF-MOULD, LOAM, SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT
FtBRE. CHARCOAL, &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK, For Price List and Testimonials,

EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

Peat of tirst-rate quality, suitable for

ORCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,

FERNS,
and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the sack, or by the yard ; also iirst-rate
PEAT MOULD.— For printed particulars, apply, D. CAMERON,
Forester, Mount Mascal Estate. North Cray, Foot's Cray, Kent.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best quality, as supplied to the Royal Gardens, tVc
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 10 sacks for 10s., 15 for

14s.. 20for 18s..30for25s. : two ton truck, 25s, Freeonrail.
RUSSIA MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, Is. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5s. per sack, 6 for 22j. M.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack, 6 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. 6rf. per bushel; 14s. J-ton;
PURE LEAF- MOULD. 3s. per sack. [26s. per ten.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
EAFFIA. LABELS, STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s, per sack. CHARCOAL, Rs. per sack,
SPBCLALITE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each 8rf. per lb.

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London. S.E.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT.— Excellent for Heaths and general use, 7s. per yard.

4s. per sack. Orchid (speeialite), finest selected Fern fibre,

tis. 6d. per sack. Khododendron, 10s. per ton ; not leas

than 5 tons.
LOAM.— Good fibrous, 13s. per ton. ls.9rf. per sack.
LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.
SILVER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. 6rf.

and 8s. per ton.
SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh, 6s. 6rf. per sack.
GRAVEL.— Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths,
8s. 6rf. per ton.
The above prices are the lowest ever offered to groovers, and
will be in force three months only.

GATERELL & SON, Peat Merchants, Rin^wood.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

w--«. Two Prize Medals. -.^^

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous ... ^s. per sack ; ."> sacks for 22s. 6d,
PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6d. „ 5 sacks for 20s.
PEAT, extra selected Orchid 6s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 25s.
LOAM, best yellow fibrous ... ■)

SREPARED COMPOST, best \\s, per bush., .Is. per sack.
LEAF MOULD, best only ( (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD, „ )

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 8rf. per bush., I4s. half ton, 24s. ton,

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is, per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .,. fd: lb., 28 lb. 18s.
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Speciality) id. lb., 28 lb, 18s.
MUSHROOM SPAWl^, finest Milltrack ... 5s. per bushel.
CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-1 In bags.

HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES,
SUNDRIES, and BERXSHIRE POTTERY. Catalogue
free per post, of every Horticultural Requisite.

BENJAMIN FIELD. F.R.B.S. (Son-in-law and Successor to
J. Kennard), Central Office and Sales Room. 75a. QueenVictoria
Street, E.C., near Mansion House Station. Depot ; Swan Place,
Old Kent Road, London, S.E.
Telegrams—" Floriculture. Loitdon." Established 1854.

PEAT and SAW D,— Light Brown PKAT tor
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. M. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s, per ton.
Orchid Peat, 6s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. id. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Famboro' Station, Hanta.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT nSRE REFUSE.

4d. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s, id. per sack ; 6 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COAKSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d, per bushel; 15s. per hall
ton : 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIROIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Writ* for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lat«!ly called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

PEAT^TORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS, FERNS, RHODODENDRONS,
and other clioice Plants.

The Best In the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., L'3, Leadenhall Street,
• London, E.C.. continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating ttie
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J, & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or fur-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON A5D CO. have NO Authorised Agentii repre-
senting their Peat Estates^

TILISER, the Best Food for I • .

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 6«lb. Icwt.

Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) l/>i 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/-
CBUSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-
VIRGm CORK, best quality only — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/-
HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto, 2s. id, per bushel.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by ChubVs special process),

sacks. Is. each ; 10 sacks, 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;

30 sacks. 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,

in flacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order,

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MHWALL. LONDON. E.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Ciergv. for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and OU Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. ConscrA-atories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

JENSEN'S

Every Ep-ain fertiliz(?B because the Gunnn in perrectly
pure. It is most economical, one part of MaQure to

100 parts of soil being ample for garden use.
Write for Pampblet, TesLimoniala and Instructions.

FISHPOTASH

Dr Voelckpr-8 analysis Ruaranteed. FISH-rOTASH
contains Amm.mia, Phoai-hateB nnd Potash in large
proportions, wbich are the principal elements of
fertilization.

GUANO.

GUANO - 2-lb. Tins, Is. ; In Bags, 7 lbs., 2s. ;

14 lbs., 4s. ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d. ; 66 lbs., 10s. 6(1. ;

1 cwt., 16s. ; 2 cwt., 303., carriage paid.

Special terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED.

109, Fenchurch Street, London, E.G.

ATEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA

ll MATS of aU descriptions, RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
BAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MAEENDAZ AND FISHER, 9 and
10. .lames Street, Covent Garden. W.C.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, RalBa Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and .3. Wormwood Street, E.G.

-^^— _: >

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDQATE HILL, E.C. ;
BACHELOB'S WALK, VXSBUS.—Diacovnt for Cash.

VINE and FBTJIT BORDERS and
ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES, &c.

Replenishing, Potting, and Eenexdng Season,
The best permanent Fertiliser is W. & Son's

"LE FRUITIER," £16perton.

Best BONES, pure new crushed, dust to } inch, £8 10s.
Best Yellow Fibrous LOAM, White WOOD and PEAT ASHES,
Rough Lump CHARCOAL, PEAT, SAND, COMPOSTS, MATS,
RAfFIA, TllBACCO PAPER, KETS, INSECTICIDES, MAJE-
URES, &c. Samples and prirss post-free.

WOOD & SON, •Wood Green, London, N.

WATERPROOF TREE LABELS,

and all qualities of

DIRECTION LABELS,

for Nurserj-meu. Seedsmen, and Florists,
Samples and PRICE LIST on applicatum.

FISHER, CLARE & CO.,

LABEL MANUFACTURERS, BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 18.59 against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressingfor Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3.^., and 10s. id.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boies, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CA>'PLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

ROBber's Garden Edging Tiles.

'HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

1 materials of great durability. The plainer

sorts are specially suited for

iKITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slug!
Insects, take up little
and once put down
further labour or expense,
do "grown" Edgings,
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AMD CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;

Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : aLso for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
rUustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c..
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders. Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Rooting Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Mercbanta.

See Addresses above.

OILVER SAND,

io fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton

or Tnickload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from

Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.

FLENTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.

KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates lu any

quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

lilar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in

21>0Z. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes.
3d3 and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock. ^

A large stock of sir "
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneoas
Glasa Articles, can be obtained from

GEOBGE FABSCILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. John Street, West Smltlifleld, London. E.C.

stock List and Prices c

applic

) Chronicle.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.

RAFFIA FIBRE.

SPECIAL QUOTATIOKS on APPLICATION,

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

ISe. COMIlIERCIAI, STREET, LONDON, E.

NOTOMSEB 19, 18S7.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

637

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENUIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

§s

S HI

CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS MANSIONS,

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING

HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

SPECIALTIES,

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-»o«"
CHAMPAGNE, "GEVENCEY," 30/- "o^^.

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

0 9, G R E S H A M STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

Cromplon &FawKes

' (L AT E T- H- P- DENNIS &^ 0°)

Horticultural Builders

Ciielmsford

NEW BOOK of Photo-Lithographed Sket he of K,

servatories, &c., of various Designs and Sizes, r ent on t u U^d d

of the country ; with particulars jf the most sutcessful Hot-water Heating Apparatus of the l

es, Architectural Con-
n by us in different parts

iturj , Pobt-free on application.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

Please send me " The Gabdenebs' ChboniCle " for _
,for which I enclose P.0.0.^

commencing

S° Please Note that all Copies sent Direct ftom this Office must he paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months. 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. fid. ; 3 Months, 3s. %d. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) ;— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6d.

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DRTJRY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND,"

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

WPETEKS AND SON.S,44, Tenter St., South,
* Goodman's Fields. London, E.. arc now selling, at
extremely Low Prices. New Season's best quality heavy full-
size Archangel MATS; also St. Petersburg MATS. Packing
MATS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window CASES,

CAVES, WATERFALLS, WINDOW EdXES AQKIRIA
ARTIFICIAL KOCKWURK for Ballrooms. Halls Staircasea,
&i'., temporarily erected and constructed, under personal
superintendence of

HARPHAM AND HOWES.

Horticultural Depot, 107. Church Street. Edgware Road. N.W.

Estimates and Illustrated Lists Frei

PORTABLE CUCTIMBER FRAMES.

RIIALLIDAY AND CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.

2-hght frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p v- ( 3 10 0
3-lightframe,12feetby6feet^(,*;^^'^'^^^^^^ 5 5 0

6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet S ^^^^ "^^ ( 10 0 0
The gloss is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAT & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 'WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SEELTON, Seedsman, Sec.,
2, Hollo-way Road, N.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, E.C.

W H LASCELLES and CO will give Estimates tor every
description of HORTICULTURAL -WORK free of charge and
send competent assistants when necessary

LASCELLES' NEW ROCK'WORK material in varioua
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunhill Row. London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabsfor Walls, Paths, andStages,
sent post-free on application.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE

HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

This is the simplest,

cheapest, and most

powerful apparatus

made. It requires no

brick setting, nostoke^

hole, and no hot- water

fitter for fixing. The

Boiler stands in the

Greenhouse the front only being outside,

•o that the 1 ole of the heat from the Boiler

t'lelf s ut 1 sed It burns over twelve

hours tl out attention, at a nominal cost.

g w th Bo ler open feed syphon, 12 ft. of

4-mch hot water p pe and patent joints complete. JE4 4s.

Del vered free to any ttat on D scount for cash.
Cost of apparatus complete for Oreenhouses as below

delivered free, v. th pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.
ft. ft. £ s. d. \ ft. ft. £ s. d.i ft. ft. £ s. d.
10 X 6... 4 14 0 15 X 9... 5 10 8 25 X 12 ... 6 16 8
12 X 8... 5 1 0 I 20X10... 6 0 0 | 40 X 16 ... 12 12 4
Proportionate prices for other sizes. Estimates free.
Illustrated List, with full particulars of these and every
description of Fuel, Gas, and Oil Heating Stoves free.

DEANE & CO.,

HORTICULTUBAL BUILDEBS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS.'

«^%^tr""KONDON BRIDGE.

\ engrav i

638

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEB 19, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

4 Lines

6 „

6 „

7 .,

8 „
8 »

10 „

11 „

12 „

13 „

14 „

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charqed as two.

£0 3 0 15 Lines

£0 8 6

0 9 0

0 9 6

0 10 0

0 10 6

0 11 0

0 11 6

0 12 0

0 12 6

0 13 0

0 13 6

t SIXPENCE FOR
TOM two Column
»i threi- Colunii
aue. £S: Half V:

EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.
*. the lowest charge will be 20s.
i the lowest charge will be 30s.
i;e. £1 111!.; Column. £:(.

Gardeners and otliers Wanting Situations.

26 words, including uarae and address, Is 6rf.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISE.MENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does uot apply to announcements of Vacant

Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT N OT J CB— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-oJ/ices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages. 5s. each insertion.
Advertisements for the current week must reach the 0[fice by

All Sulisoriptlons Payable in Advance.

The United Kisgdo.M: 12 Mouths, IBs.; 6 Months,

7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d.

Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post t)tfice,

42, DRURY LANE. W.c, to \V. Richards.

PoBLisHiNO Office and Office for Advertisements,

41. Wellington Street, .Str.md, London, W.C.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages ami packing free, and delivered to any London .Statu

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 I

13} by 8} for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6.

13 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 16/6 or 250 squares 8} by ej, or 220

14 ,, 10 ,, 13/- „ 19/- squares, 9^ by 6J, or 170 squares.
14 „ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7}, or 150 squares. 10 by 8,
12 „ 12 „ 13/- „ 20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders
18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- over £3.

20 „ 12 „ 24/- ,. 35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready miied lor use,
ID tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5d. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,
14, Moor Lane, Cripplegate, London, E.G.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

Anez<

U»ed ;

(Registered Trade Mark.)
ellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kt
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, Is. Bd. per gallon in caalw oi 3t}, 20, or
10 gallons.
j^ A TT m T r\ HI Every Cask bears the above

tJA U 1 1 U Jy , Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

HILL & SMI TH

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

THOMAS'S

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS

straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.

As illustrated above, price 3s. :id. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Termina Holdfasts.— No. 6.32.
/-2\ No. e32i. (E.

'Oj _ 1— Jl^ ferdoz.

2 2i 3 3} inches.
3d., 4d., Bd., 7d. per doz.

2S.

2s. 6d.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

per 100 yards.
niustrated CATALOGUE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362, EDOWABE ROAD, LONDON, W.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street. London. E.C

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PETERSBURG, and PACKING
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, RAFFIA, PEAT
LOAM, SILVER SAJiD and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE ft CO.. 129, Oommercial Street,

Spitalftelds, London, E

HORTICULTURAL CLASS,

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREIUTCH, LONDON, E.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are confidently

pie but certa

■nenJcd i
emedyfc

^-UNDIGESTIOKv;;^^

See Testimouial, selected from hundreds :—

CROYDON, 1885.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, I am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
" 7. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magasines.
Sold everywhere, price is. i^d., 2s. gd. and lis.

MADE WITH BOILINa WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFCL-COMFORTINO.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILINQ MILK.

Accidents at Home and Abroad.

Railwivy Acciileut;-, lOmployersLiubility, iosured against by the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMI'.-VNY, 64. Cornhill, London. Income £248.000.
Compfa'Mxtio i paid for 118,000 accidents, £2,350.000. Mode-
rate Premiii us— favourable conditions. Prompt and Liberal
settlement of Claima. Chairman. Harvie M. Farquhnr, Eaq.
West End Office. 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C; Heud
Office. 64, Cornhill, London. K.C.

WILLUM J, VIAN. Secretary.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since I860, by F. BuRTE-
NiCH, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. tan Hulle,
Professors at file Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, IO5. per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium.

EVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE

et ETR/VNGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review) — 13th year. — Among the principal Contributors are : —
A. AUard, E. Andre, C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Crepin.
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jonekindt Coninck, J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliveira,
H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, O. Thomas. A. van Geert
Son. H. J. van Hulle. J. van Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A Wes^
mael, and P. Wolkenstein.

Tliis illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom ;— One year
14^. pavable in advance.

Publishing Office : 134. Rue de Brusellea, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
Ghent.

The L§dy

30, \_^*JJ'ouTva(_fin^^^^ti^t^

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mn. A. J. Temple, late Manager of the Soli-
hull Nurseries, near Birmingham, has been ap-
pointed to the superintendence of the gardens
and woods of Lord St. Oswald, Nostell Priory,
Wakefield.

Mr. John Lunt, General Foreman at Dalkeith
Palace Gardens, Midlothian, has been appointed
Head Gardener to the Duke of Buccleuch, at
Bowhill, Selkirkshire.

Mr. James Whitton, late of Coltness Gar-
dens, Wishaw, to be Head Gardener to the Right
Hon. the Earl of Stbathmobe, Glamis Castle,
Forfar, N.B.

Mr. Murdoch Matheson, lately Foreman at
Glamis Castle, to be Head Gardener to James
Houldsworth, Esq., of Coltness, Wishaw, N.B

Mr. F. Quance Clatworthy, late Foreman
at Kufford Abbey, Ollerton, Notts, ha.s been
engaged as Head Gardener to H. L. Gaskell,
Esq., Kiddington Hall, AVoodstock, Oxon.

G. .Tones, many years Head Gardener to the
late R. Yarvell, Esq., The Mount, York, has
been appointed Head Gardener to Walter
MoRTO.N, Esq., Rookwood, Denby Dale, Hudders-
field.

The following appointments were made by
Mr. John Downie, Eldinburgh : —

Mr. J. Bannerman, late Geanies, Ross-shire,
as Head Gardener to Mrs. Wilkie, of Ormiston,
Midlothian.

Mr. David Kemp, late Coolhurst, Horsham,
Sussex, as Head Gardener and Estate Manager
to AVileerforce Bryant, Esq., Stoke Park,
Slough, Bucks.

Mr. D.4.VID Thomson, late Banchory House,
Aberdeen, as Head Gardener to D. McGregor,
Esq., of Ardgarten, Argyllshire.

Mr. D. Gillies, late of P'innart, Dumbarton-
shire, as Head Gardener to Francis Aberdein,
Esq., Keithock House, Forfarshire.

WANTED, a PARTNER, with £350, to take
half share in two genuine Nursery Businesses. Good
opportunity for industrious worker. One used to Accounts
preferred. Investigation couned. — For particulars, write to
or call on Mr. E. J. WHITE, Ironmonger. &c.. Sittingboun

age

lARTNERSHIP, or employment where a

small capital and services wonUl be employed. Siugle;
35.— J. W.. :il. Leicester Street, Soutliport.

WANTFD, a HEAD AVORKING GAR-
DENER, where two are kept, with assistance. Must
be thoroughly efficient in the growth of Orchids. Roses, and
Chrysanthemums, for exhibition.— Applv, R. B. CATER, Avon-
dale, Bath.

WANTED, a GENERAL GARDENER,
who understands Flowers, Vegetables, and Grape
Growing.— Application, with wages required, to be sent to
A. B.. Messra. Saltmarsh & Son, Nurserymen, Chelmsford.

NOVESIBEB 19, 1887.]

TEE QABDENERS' CWRONIGLE.

639

WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED
GARDENER, in Upper Clapton. Must understand
Store and Glass, also Outside Work in Flower Garden. An
abstainer preferred. A good personal character absolutely
necessary. — Apply, by letter only, to GARDENER, G. John-
son, Esq., 59, Mark Lane, London, E.C.

WANTED, a trusty MAN, to Manage Four
Small Houses, and till up time in Outdoor Xursery. —
Must have been used to Nursery Work. A permanent situa-
tion offered to a suitable man. Wages, 20.?. per week. — State
age, and give references to W. CROWDER AND SONS,
Thimbleby Nurseries. Horncastle.

WANTED, TWO young MEN, quick at
Tying. Potting, &c., to commence at 18s.— Apply
personally, ALDERSON BROS., Farnborough, Kent.

WANTED, a young married MAN, to Work in
a Cricket Field. Must understand Kitchen Gardening,
Growing Salads, &c. ; to live on the premises. One without
children preferred. — Apply, stating wages required, to J. RUT-
TER, "The North Pole." Netting Hill. London, W.

W^

lNTED, a young

MAN,

to

take the

Management of

a Smn

11 Florisi

an(

Fruiterer's

Busines-

. Must have a

pract

cal knowledge

of Wreath

Makiug

— F. K. PARKER

Stamford.

WANTED, a AVREATH and BOUQUET
MAKER, for Flower Market Stand.— Must be a good
Salesman. Also a YOUNG MAN, used to London Market
Growing, for the Provinces.— HORTUS, Messrs. Hurst & Sons,
Seedsmen, &c., Houndsditch, London, E.

WANTED, an ASSISTANT to the Seed
Trade. A young man with a few years' experience in
a good house, where a orisk general trade prevailed ; smart,
reliable, and thoroughly capable as a Counter Hand. — State
wages expected, and full particulars, W., 23, Upper Sackville
Street, Dublin.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable to iVo. 42, DRURV LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, tmless the number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular oj/icfi, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it,

N.B. ^The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

NOTICE TO ADVEHTISERS.~In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, Or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 2.37 and 238. High Holbom, W.C.

ICH ARD SMITH and Ca

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
Jkc. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

C 0 T C H GARDENERS.

—John Downie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-
engagements. He will be pleased to supply full particulars
to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— Several very supe-
rior MEN on our Books, whom we can recommend with
utmost confidence. Established 1717.— AUSTIN and McAS-
IiAN, NurserymenandSeedsmen, 16, BuchananStreet. Glasgow.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMMEND with every confi-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged.- JOHN LA TNG
AND SONS. The Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
oeries, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent charact-er as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, haa had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

ARUENER (Head); age ^9.— Mr. Jasles

Douglas. Gardener to E. F. Whitbourne, Esq., Great
Geanss, Ilford, Essei, can recommend his Foreman Henry
Young, to any Gentleman in want of a first-class Gardener,
Seventeen years' experience.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three Under
Gardeners are kept. — Age 45 ; an excellent all-round
Gardener, of long practice, wouhi be glad to meet with a
situation. High wages not desired; moderate wages accepted.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen
years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Flowers, and Vegetables; also Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character and testimonials. Charles Arthur ToUey.
—Apply, Mr. CYPHER. Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham.

G1ARDENER (Head); married, one boy
r (age 12).- A Gentleman wishes to find a situation for
his Head Gardener. Thoroughly trustworthy. First-rate
Propagator and Grower of Vines. Fifteen years' character;
nine previous. No lodge. Not Single-banded.— TAYLOR,
Linkfield House, Redhil), Surrey.

GARDENER (Head); age 36, married, one
child.— G. Hall, for the last nine years Gardener to the
late Lord de Tahley, Tabley House, Knutsford, is open for re-
engagement. Twenty-one years' first-class experience. Death
of employer cause of leaving. Reference permitted to Lady de
Tabley, 1:^, Upper Belgrave Street, Belgrave Square, S.W.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— J. C.
Macphebson, Gardener to the Earl of Londesborough,
Northerwood, Lyndhurst, Hants, would have pleasure in
recommending his Foreman, F. Taylor, who has lived with
him three years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
thorough practical and trustworthy man.

ARDENER (Head); age 28.— Geo. Smith,

Gardener, The Street, Chorley, Lancashire, will be
pleased to recommend his Foreman, R. Eateman, to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trustworthy man.
First-class experience in several leading establishments, in-
cluding Worksop Manor. Enville Hall, Eastnor Castle, &.c.
Land and Stock if required.

GARDENER (Head); age 30, married.— T.
KiDNER, Esq., Barrow Castle, Englishcombe, Bath,
wishes to recommend bis Head Gardener to any Lady or Gen-
tleman requiring a trustworthy man. Well up in all branches
of the profession. Excellent character from previous and
present employers.— J. FIERCER, Barrow Castle, Eoglishcombe,
Bath.

ARDENER (Head). — Messrs. Marshall

Bros. & Co., of The Nurseries, Barnhnm Junction.
Bognor, can highly recommend a thoroughly good trustworthy
Head Gardener. Thoroughly understands Forcing and tlie
Management of Stove and Greenhouse; also the General
Routine of Garden and Pleasure Grounds. Seventeen years'
previous good character.— Please apply for further particulars
to the above.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38;

married, no family. Wife can assist in house.— Good
character.— J. T., Oak Cottage, St. Ann'aEoad,Chertsey, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37,
married, no family; thoroughly practical in every de-
partment. Over three years" good character from last situ-
ation.—J. D., School Street, Higher Brinksway, Stockport.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 39,

married, no family; understands Forcing in all branches,
also routine of Outdoor Work. Long experience.— E., 7,
Butterfield Street, Bromley Road, Lee, Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed).— Single; experienced in both Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. Total abstainer. —
TOMS, care of Miss Berry, Albert Street, Stevenage. Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working, or Single-
handed).— Married ; fifteen years in last situation.
Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches.
—CHARLES CAPLING, Bedhampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Head AVorking), or GAR-
DENER and BAILIFF.— No family; thoroughly prac-
tical in both. Excellent character and references.— J. L.,
1, Belcher's Lane, Bordersly Green, Birmingham.

GARDENER (Head, where one or more
are kept), or FOREMAN in a good establishment.— Good
references from past and present employers.-J. ROBINSON,
Wootton Park, Ashbourne. Derbyshire.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
—Age 23 ; eleven years' experience, and good character.
Total abstainer.— T. H. WORLD. Puddletown, Dorchester.

GARDENR (Second), or JOURNEYMAN,
in the Houses. — Age 22 ; seven years' good experience.
Excellent character. Abstainer. Disengaged.— A. HAWKESJ
Widford, Chelmsfnrd, Essex.

ARDENER (Under, or Third).— Married,

no family ; well up in all Outdoor Work.- Mr. J. LOWE,
The Gardens. Strensham Court, Tewkesbury.

ARDENER (Under), in a good establish-

meot.— Age25; single. Nine years' experience Inside
and Out; with excellent character. Bothy preferred.- F
KELHAM, Billow Barrow. Markfield. Leicester.

ARDENER (Under); age 23.— Mr. C.

GiBaoN, Morden Park Gardens, Mitcham. strongly
recommends Charles Saunders, who has been with him seven
years. Has had good experience Inside and Out, and well up
in Chrysanthemum Culture.

ITCHEN Cta'rDENER.— Age 23;

iive years' good character.— W. GROUT, Mrs. Fleet,
Jun., Fetcham, Leatherhead, Surrey.

FOREMAN ; age 27.— Mr. Sandham, Claugh-
ton-on-Brock, Garstang, can with confidence recommend
a young man to any Gardener requiring a trustworthy man.
Ten years' experience in large establisliments.

OREMAN, in the Houses; age 26,— Mr.

Thomas Ki.vg, Gardener, Devizes Castle, will be pleased
to recommend an active and intelligent man as above. Thir-
teen years' experience, with excellent character. — Address as

OREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER

of Plants. Cut Flowers, and Fruit for Market,— A. R.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41 , Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 30;

sixteen year's experience in Hard and Soft-wood, also
Forcing. Good reference. Market Nursery preferred. — E. M. ,
52, Ranelagh Road, Harlesden, N.W.

OSE GROWER.— Well up in Ferns, Cut

Flowers, &c. Good relerences.— JAMES LOVELESS,
Stapleford, Salisburj'.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, with Florist
or Private Establishment.— Age 28 ; good character. —
X. y., Mrs. Morton. 3, Station Road, Tottenham Hale, Middlesex.

JOURNEYMAN.— Age 20; can be highly
recommended.— For particulars apply to J. SMYTHE,
Gardener. Undercliffe Gardens, Sunderland, Durham.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,—
Age 21 ; four years' experience. Inside and Out. Good
character.- W. AUSTEN, The Gardens, Newlands Park, Syden-
ham, S.E.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good
Garden. — Good references. Leaving through reduction of
establishment.— J. BAKER, The Gardens, Frankhall, Dartford,
Kent.

JOURNEYM.^N, in the Houses (Second or
Third) ; age 19.-J. C. Collins, Melton House Gardens,
Waterloo Ville, Hants, can thoroughly recommend to any
Gardener a young man who has been with him two years.-
Address as above.

JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER in a good
establishment. — Age 21 ; can be well recommended. —
A. PAYNE. Worth Hall, near Crawley, Sussex,

IMPROVER.— Age 18; five years' practice in
Flower and Kitchen Garden and Glass Department. —
S. A. JAMES, Coed Coch, Abergele, N. Wales.

PPRENTICE. — £5 premium.- Wanted to

Apprentice a Boy (age 18) in a large establishment.—
GARDENER, Mr, Cutbush, Newsagent. High Street. Highgate,
London, N.

TO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a
situation in a Provincial or Market Nursery. Nine
years' experience in Nursery Work. Age 22. Good character.
— F. B., Cottage, Ellenboro" House, Roehampton Lane, S.W.

TO NURSERYMEN.-A young man, with
several years' experience in Orchid Growing, and good
knowledge of other Plants, wants situation in a Nursery,
where he could gain some experience in Office or Shop, and fill
up time in Plant-houses. Small remuneration accepted. Good
references.— F., Mr. Batten, Newsagent. Leatherhead.

T^O NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted by a

young man (age 21) in the Houses, Thoroughly practi-

KNIFEMAN, in Nursery or Market Garden.—
Age 27; ten years' experience in Budding, Grafting,
and Outdoor Nursery Work in large establishments.— THOMAS,
Lower Lyde, Herefordshire.

Seed Trade.
CHOPMAN, and could occasionally Travel. —

kJ Age 26 ; eleven years' experience. Good reference.—
G. READ, Ombersley Road, Worcester.

s

H 0 P M A N (Assistant).— Age 21^ ;

five years' experience. Good Counter Hand. Good
ences.— A. B., 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Young man, with
nine years' experience ; thorough knowledge of the Seed
Trade, or would go charge of a provincial House.— R. B,, Gar-
deners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 22 ; nine years'
experience. First-class Counterman. Good references.
Abstainer.— WILLIAMS, 3, Sandilands Road, Wandsworth
Bridge Road, Fulham, S.W.

HANDY' MAN.— Steady and trustworthy.
Well up in Greenhouse Building and Repairing in
every branch, and all appliances in Nursery and Garden. Can
fill up time at Horticultural Work.— HORTUS. 19, Canterbury
Road, Kilburn, N.W.

HOLLO WAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
Rheumatism and Neuralgia. — Though the former
disease remorselessly attacks persons of all ages, and the latter
ruthlessly selects its victims from the we;ik and delicate, the
persevering use of these remedies will infallibly cure both com-
plaints. After the affected parts have been diligently fomented
with hot brine, and the skin tlioroughlv dried, Holloway'a
Ointment must be rubbed in firmlyland evenly for a few minutes
twice a day, and his Pills taken according to the printed direc-
tions wrapped round each box of medicine. Both Ointment
and Pills are accompanied by instructions designed for the
public at large, and no invalid, who attentively reads them
can now be at any loss how to doctor himself successfully.

640

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NoVEMBEH 19, 1887.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &o.

GREEXHUUSES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without attention. KOBEETS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAX give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses. Bedrooms. &c. Pamphlets. Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's.

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112. Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PAKE IRONWOKKS, STOUEBRIDGE.

;. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long. \s.Zd. e,

4-in Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6rf. each.

Full Illustrated Reintted Price List on applicatiun.

FAWKES' Slow-corabus-
tioD HEATING APPARATUS.
— Fourth Season — numerous im-
portant improvements introduced.
Most efficient and cheapest in ex-
istence. Requires no sunk stokehole
and no brick setting. Will last all
night without attention. Will burn
house cinders, therefore costs next to
nothing for fuel. Any one can fix it.
A domestic servant can stoke it.

Boilers Delivered Carriage Paid
from £2 lOs

Numbers

all .

• the

country.

Only Slow
Combustion Ap-
paratus of the
kind.

Beware of in
evident tncom
plete Apparatus
which, will not
last all night

Full particulars ^
and Prices of S
every sized Ap- 3
paratus, and ^ —

CROMPTON &. FAWKES,

CHELMSFORD.

HENRY HOPE,

1^: _ ^=1 I iorticiiltnral Builder and

ir~~~ -y^^^m J/ot'icater Engineer,

^^^^^^S ^^' ^^^^^ S^> Blrmingliam.

Plana and Estimates on

application.

Experienced Workmen sent to any part of the Kingdom.

MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATAIiOGTTE of Greenliouses and Heating Apparatus,

T t 1 \\ 11 be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses.

Illu.tr t f e^ery description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable

iireenhcu.es I lant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for
heat ug This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
h nts on the i^uljects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Prlce 2s. poSt-free.

A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The ad%'antages possessed by
us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Sufveys
made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application,

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

Every Lady is invited to send for
Patterns, post-free, of

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S
SELECT DRESS FABRICS.

.-Ja^^ The Court Circular (under
t^^§QsC Pioyal Patronage") says : — "Kobin-
■"**'*'^**'^ son & Cleaver's Dress Patterns are
so admirably chosen, and so excellent a taste
IS shown in their selection, that no intending
purchaser can find the slightest difficulty in
making up her mind. Thus time and trouble
are saved by Robinson & Cleaver's method,
which we cannot too highly recommend."

Ladies are invited to send for Patterns,
post-free, distance being no object ; and as
inducements are offered in quality and price,
which will be found on comparison.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER,

BELFAST.

Please name Gardeners' Chronicle-

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOITSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on nur improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and fur practu'iil utility, economy, uud durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the very best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, ^vith really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

lall

Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., aiw^j^ .^ ^^.^.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST MATERIALS.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor; " AdTertisementa and Businesa Letters to "The PubUaher," at the Office, 41, WeUington Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
Prmted by William Riohakds, at the Office of Mesan. BRAi>BtmT, Aoitbw & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriaw, Oityof London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
■aid WiLLliJC RiOHABDfl. at the Offloe, 41, WeUington Strtet. Parish of St. Paol'B, OoTent Garden, in the said County.— Satitrdat. November 19, 1887. Agent for Manchester— John HktwoOD.

Established i84i,

No. 48.-YOL. II. g::^^}

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1887.

/[Kegt.
\wiTH

Newspaper, f
= LEMENT.\

Price 3d.

Post-free, 3Sd.

CONTENTS.

Aconitum Napellus

661

L'Art dea Jardins, &c. ... 648

Apiary, the

652

Lily of the Valley ... 654

Books, notices of : —

Lincolnshire, seed crops

Die PaJmen, &c.

661

in 650

Elements of Botany,

Lindenia 658

Gray

660

Miltonia Blunti Lub-

Manual of Orchidaceous

bersiana 619

Plants, U

660

Obituary —

Botanical Magazine

6r)H

Lacharme, F 666

Botany for doctora

6.-)/

Official notices 657

Chambre Syndicate of

Orchid-houses, the ... 654

Ghent

6r>S

,, notes 649

Christmas Roses

6.S1

Orchids at Heaton House,

Chrysanthemums, new

Cheshunt 649

and old

6nri

Creosoted wood

661

Physianthus albens, the

Cypripedium Sedeui ...

657

fruit of 652

Dendrobium Friedericksi-

Plant notes 652

anum

648

,, portraits 654

Forestry

654

Plants and their culture 655

Foreign correspondence .

6o4

Rosa polyantha 659

Flower Garden

655

Rose Madame G. Bruant 657

Fruit register

652

Royal Horticultural So-

Fruits under glass

6.->t>

ciety 657

Gardening appointment

671

Scotland 665

Gardening, school of

658

Societies:—

Gliidiolus, studies on the

651

Chelmsford 663

Grapes, badly setting ...

657

Clonmel 663

Grape, Black Humburgli

6.^2

Devizes 663

Hardy fruit garden

655

Edinburgh 663

Honeydew

m2

Rugby 664

Kerosene emulsions

6h7

Ryde 664

Kew Bulletin

658

Killarney, Lakes of

647

Taunton 664

Kilnside. Paisley

6n:<

Wellington 664

Kinghorn's nursery, Rich-

Winchester 663

mond

65;{

York 664

Elitchen garden

655

Stock and scion 661

ILLUSTR

ATIONS.

Pare de Monceau, view in

the

649

Petroleum stove ...

Physianthus albens, fruit of .

653

Sosa polyantha (Supplement),

nd 659

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the "Gardeners' Chronicle" from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.
iTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J- Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.

W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

ALNWICK HORTICULTURAL
and BOTANICAL SOCIETY.
GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW, to be held at Aln-
wick, on THURSDAY, December 8, 1887. Schedules may be
had on application to GEORGE SIMPSON, ) „

Alnwick, November23, 1887. '"■^'^ FERGUSON, ) S"^-

w

GOD'S HARDY PLANT CLUB,—

Centre for Intercommunication respecting the
DISTRIBUTION and CULTIVATION of HARDY PERENNIAL,
ALPINE and ROCKWORK PLANTS.
Lovers, Growers, and Collectors of these are invited to join

the Club. Particulars from

J. WOOD, Woodville, Kirkstall.

FOR fine Specimen STEPHANOTIS FLORI-
EUNDA, also good young bearing PEACH TREES, late
varieties, to average 9J ft. in height, llj ft. in width, apply to
R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.

WEEPING ASH, 12 to 20 feet clear stem,
extra large, well formed heads, in excellent condition
for moving (undoubtedly the finest specimens in this country).
Can be seen and prices obtained of
JAMES YOUNG, Clay Street Xursery, Walthamtow, Esses.

BUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

^ containing accurate descriptions and illustrations of the
leading kinds of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips, together
with complete Cultural Instructions, Gratia and post-free to
intending purchasers.
SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's SeedsnKn, READING.

CHRISTMAS ROSES
The true Bath variety.
Strong clumps to produce ten to twenty blooms each, 205
per dozen, packing included. Cash with ordir.

THOS. KITLEY, Oldtield Nursery, Bath.

A Few Large Eealtliy

PALMS, 3 to 6 feet high, lor immediate
disposal — Lataoia borbonica, Seatorthia elegans,
Chamcerops excelsa. and Phcenix reclinata — fwm 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill London, N.

Natal, South Africa,

BULBS, TUBERS, ROOTS.— A Wholesale
CATALOGUE of select Native Plants lultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ADLAM, Maritzburg, Natol.

OSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! !!— The best

and cheapest in the world ; 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s.,
purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. Cltalogues free o n
application. Ten acres of Roses; 100,000 grant plants to select
from. Plant now. —JAMES WALTERS, Rose >rower, Eieter,

RHODODENDRONS, Hybrids, all colours,
2 to 2J feet, some in bud. 40s. per 100 ; Dwarf ROSES,
very strong, 30s. per 100; London PLANES, ito 12 feet. tiOs.
per 100: also strong Austrian PINE, Scotch FIR, LARCH,
SPRUCE, 2 to 3 feet, very line and cheap.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kiddermnster.

BARR'S SELECTED BULBS
have gained many Medals and Prizes I Prices moderate I
Quality unsurpassed 1 Full descriptive Catalogle free on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on vpplication to
BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garten, W.C.

r^HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Descriptve CATA-

KJ LOGUE of 1000 new and old varieties colsidered worth
cultivation, with Cultural Directions, by E. Mobneux, written
specially for this Catalogue. Post-free four stanps.

ROBERT OWEN, Floral Nursery, Maidiniead.

L ILIUM AURATUM,— Good, plmip, sound
bulbs, 4s., 6s., 9s., 12s., 18s., and 24s. perdozen ; extra
strong, 30s. and 42s. per dozen. All other god LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for ijew and Rare
Plants, 636, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 286,286, 287,288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open tl RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in my quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Laiels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SID<UP."

ANTED, a large quantity of SEDUM

LYDIUM and other hardy CARPET BEDDIIti PLANTS.
Advertiser will be pleased to treat with any p«-son having
such to spare. — Address. Box 333. Post Office, Bracford, Yorks.

ANTED, PARADISE, CRAB, P3AR,and

CHERRY STOCKS ; must be 3 years oli Also the
following Standard CHERRY TREES :— Adam's Oown Heart,
Bigarreau Napoleon, Black Eagle, Bowyer's Jirly Heart,
Buttner's Black Heart, Kentish. May Duke, aid Morello,
Also LIME TREES, per thousand, 4 to 6 feet. I

Address, GEORGE WAITE, near the " Horn nd Castle,"
Tilehurst, Reading. [

Chrysanthemums— Chrysanthemuna,

WANTED, above, in quantly ; also
EUCHARIS, ORCHIDS, and every detription of
choice CUT BLOOM. Highest Market Prices. Pbmpt cash.
Empties tree.— WISE and RIDES, Covent GardenjW.C.

MUSCATS— MUSCATS— Gros Coln»r, Gros
Maroc, Alicantes, &c. ; also Marie Louie PEARS.
Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really goof and well
packed Fruit of the above.

WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C

L ILIUM AURATUM.— The finest imported
Bulbs. — Selected Bulbs of this charming hardy Lily are
obtainable at the following low prices, direct from the impor-
ters, plump and sound as English-grown Roots ; — Price 4s., 6s.,
9s., 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen, carriage free ; price per case
(as imported) 25s. per 60 Bulbs, 42s. per 100 Bulbs.— CARTERS',
Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen and H.R.H.
the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238. High Holborn, London, W.C,

To the Trade.

GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, and
GLADIOLUS COLVILLII Alba (The Bride), all extra
large roots, at very low prices. Apply to

Mr. P. VAN TIL, Jz., Bulb Grower, Hillegom, Holland.

UONYMUS.— 20,000 : all nice bushy -well

grown specimens, 9 to 30 inches, 15s. to £? per 100;
about 150 large ones, 3s. 6rf. to os. each.

J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c,

EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant,
will be happy to forward, gratis and post-free, their Priced
and Descriptive Catalogue of the choicest new anil old varieties,

GARDENIA PLANTS.— Very bushy, good
colour, showing Hower-bud, and absolutely clean, in
5 and 6-inch pots, 21s. to 30s. per dozen.

JOHN STANDISH and CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot,

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of GARDEN SEEDS, will be pleased to send Special
Offers of same on application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

RY ROSES from a COLD CLIMATE.—

Unequalled for hardiness, strength, and hbrous roots.
Seventy-five First Prizes awarded this season at leading shows
in England and Scotland. Send for CATALOGUES to
JAMES COCKER ARD SONS, Rose Growers, &c., Aberdeen.

''PHE IRREPRESSIBLE BRAMBLE,

X WILSON, JUNR.— We have a fine stock at Glenfield, of
home-grown Plants, at 6s. per dozen, cash with order, carriage
and packing free. The indications are that all will be wanted,
and more ; these are certain to grow and do well. If we are
compelled to import, we shall quote at Buyer's risk. RASP-
BERRIES a specialty.

CATALOGUE of Choice Novelties in these and other fruits
gratis and post-free.
VICCARS COLLYER and CO., Central Hall, Leicester.

FRUIT TREES.— Well-ripened Clean Trees,
well rooted and grafted on best stocks. All best sorts of
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES. Standards and
Pyramids, Trained. APRICOTS, NECTARINES, and
PEACHES, Trained. Standard and Dwarf ROSES, all the
finest sorts. Fruit Trees in pots. CATALOGUES Gratis.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

BLACKBERRIES, for Gardens, Fields, Rail-
way Banks, &c. The most suitable variety for this country
is VERTEGANS' " BEST OF ALL." at 7s. per dozen ; 62^. 6tf.
per 100. I can also supply '-WILSON JUNIOR," at tis. per
dozen, 40s. per 100. Other varieties at 55. perdozen, 35s. per 100.
N,B. — All home grown. Carriage and Packing free.
For many other Novelties. Fruits, &c., not to be found in any
other Catalogue, see Vertegans' Illustrated LIST of Special-
ties, gratis and post-free.

VERTEGANS. Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham.

(CARROT (Splendid Field), Giant Yellow Inter-
J mediate, new selected and transplanted ; Select James'
Intermediate Scarlet. SEAKALE Seed. Plain CRESS. ONION,
White Lisbon. ASPARAGUS Roots, forcing, also 1, 2, and 3-yr,
ARTICHOKE, Globe.— 0. THO.MAS, 22. Peter Street, Norwich,

To the Trade.

SEED POT ATOS.

HAND F, SHARPE will be pleased to make
• special offers of their carefully selected stocks of
SEED POTATOS, raised on their own farms eipressly for seed
purposes. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

''PO ORCHID GROWERS.— A fresh cutting

JL of pure ORCHID PEAT now on Sale.— Apply for sample
and price to THE PEAT ASSOCIATION (Thomas Park, Agent),
63, llurtlield Road, Wimbledon, S.W.

642

THE GJMDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[November 26, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulbs-Bulbs— Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Koom-1. 38. KiiigStreet.Covent Garden. VV.C,
erery MONDAY. WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, Firat-class
BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit all Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7.559.) . .
6000 GEAND BULBS of LILIUM AUKATUM just received
from Japan, in the finest possible condition.
6000 eitra fine South African TUBEROSES, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Novem-
ber 30. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday and Saturday Next.

(Sales Nos. 7869 a nd 7562.)
Choice-named STANDARD and DWARF ROSES, including
most of the leading varieties. Several hundred SPIR.^AS.
DIELYTRA, LLLY OF THE VALLEY Crowns, BORDER
PLANTS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in
his SALES by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King

12 o'clock precisely each da

Bagsliot, Surrey.

IMPORTANT SALE of THOUSANDS of FRUIT TREES,
HOLLIES. LAURELS. CONIFERS. RHODODENDRONS,
AZALEAS, and a general assortment of HARDY SHRUBS,
and TREES.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
. tions from >Ir. Charles Noble, to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premised, as above, situated half a mile from Sunningdale
Station, L. & S. W. Railway, on

MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY,

December 5, 6, and 7 :

at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day.

May be viewed, one week prior to Sale, and Catalogues had

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud will
take place at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C.. on WEDNESDAY. December 14. at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad it Gentlemen desirous
of ENTERING PLANTS for this SALE will send particulars as
oon as possibls.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS.— GREAT UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY'.
THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past II o'clock pre-
cisely, eitensive Consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from Holland, in
excellent quality, lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.

GREENHOUSE PLANTS, CAMELLIAS. AZALEAS, DECO-
KATrVE PALMS, EXOTIC FERNS, HARDY' EVER-
GREENS, FRUIT TREES, clean-grown Standard and
Dwarf ROSES, and a fine assortment of Dutch BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION at the City Auction
Rooms, 38 and 39. Gracechurch Street, London. E.C., on TUES-
DAY NEXT, November 29. at halt-past 12 o'clock.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
of the Auctioneers. 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C., and Leytonstone.

Tuesday Next.
ORCHIDS IN FLOWER.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67
and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT,
November 29, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 200 lots of
ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, from various Collections,
including the following : —
Dendrobiumnobile Cooksoni Odontoglo;
Cypripedium Leeannm super- fine varietie;
biens, grand plant
,, Spicerianum magnificum
Ccelogyne cristata alba, splen-

did plant
Onv

Cypripedium cardinalis
,, seedlings

and many others,
ng of Sale, and Catalogues had.

M

Tuesday Next.

ONCrOIUM. new species.
ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM.
ODONTOtiLOSSUM. probably new.
CATTLEYA WARNERII.

ESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

rtrucl^d by Mr. F. Sander to include in the SALE by
AUCTION, at their CVutral Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT. November 29. at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, a new and extremely beautiful ONCf-
DIUM, supposed in the way of ODONTOGrLOSSUM ED-
WARDn, and closely resembling that species both in bulb and
leaf ; the spikes are atout and indicate a grand inflorescence.
The plants arein sound condition, with healthy breaks ; also
a quantity of the new and splendid ODONTOGLOSSUM
HARRYANUM. in excellent health with large and fine looking
bulbi; the old flower-spikes show a decided tendency to branch,
and are in many instances simply prodigious. Odontoglos-^um,
probably new. in the tinest order. This is a distinct looking
Odontoglot. and very floriferous. The Sale will include large
and compact masses of CATTLEYA WARNERII, with sound
eyes and healthy foliage, Epidendrum species, Oncidium
zebrinum, Odontoglossum vexillarium. Oncidium crispum,
Cypripedium spectabile, C. fasciculatum, C. montanmn,
Sophronitis ^randiflora, and many other desirable Orchidu.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Stratford, E.

ABSOLUTE CLEARANCE SALE by order of the Great

Eastern Railway.

TO FLORISTS and OTHERS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the
Nursery. Temple Mills Lane, Stratford, E., a few minutes'
walk from the Stratford and Leyton Stations, on TUESDAY',
November 29. at 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve, the
whole of the GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising 22.000
Geraniums, sorts ; 3000 Mesembryanthemums, 1000 Clove Car-
nations, 50 specimen Thuias, SOO Maidenhair and other Ferns,
large Camellias ami Azaleas, 1500 Fuchsias. 500 Chrysanthe-
mums. 100 Vines in pots, and other stock.

On view the Saturday and Monday prior to the Sale. Cata-
logues had on the Premises, at the Land Agent's office. Liver-
pool Street Station, E.C., and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.G., aad Leytonstone.

N.B. — The Nursery, comprising 1 acre of ground, 12 Green-
houses, Dwelling-'iouse, &c., TO BE LET, on advantageous
terms. Apply to ihe Auctioneers.

Wednesday Next— Extensive Importations.

L'S.OOO LILIUM \URATUM, from .Tupan.
1.000 LILIUM KJiAMERI and SPECIOSUM, from Japan.
30.000 BERLIN CROWNS LILY OF THE VALLEY.
30,000 Double Alrican TUBEROSES
A splendid collection of various English grown LILIES. Barr's
DAFFODILS and IRIS. Stfttidard and Dwarf ROSES,
CAMELLIAS. AZALEAS, PALMS, and other PLANTS,
from lii'l^ium

XfESSKS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will

ItX SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.. on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, November JO. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely
On view norning of- Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

1000 CCOL-HOUSE and other ORCHIDS.
Without Reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include the above in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT,
December 2, by orJer of Mr. G. T. White.

On view norning of Sale, and Catalogues h.id.

Friday Next.
ATTRACTI\'E SiLE OF LMPORTED AND ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS. Bj irder of Messrs. Shuttle-north. Carder & Co.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 6.5. Cheajside. London. E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT,
December 2, at hiilf-past 12 o'clock precisely. ODONTOGLOS-
SU.M VEXILLAIIU.M, in fine condition ; O. ALEXANDRA;
(the best type): '). R.AJIOSISSIMU-M, ANGULOA RUCKERI,
L.ELIAS. ONCIDIUMS, ODONTOGLOSSUMS, MASDEVAL-
LIAS, S:c.

On view Homing of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Infleld Lock. Middlesex.

60,000 DWARF ROSES.

Important to Rofe Growers. Great Clearance Sale, the Land

bein; required for Building Purposes.

ME^^SRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
iii^trn.tP( to SELL by AUCTIO>', on the Premises, the
i:ip-,e (liinli'ii--. clise to Enfield Lock Railway Station, Middle-
M'x. uii WKDNElDAY. December 7, at 12 o'Clock precisely, the
entire stniMc of 6i,U00 DWARJ" ROSES, well grown, 1 and 2-yr.
old. budded on tie Manetti Stock, consisting of the choicest
Exhibition varidies, both Tea and Hybrid Perpetual ; also a
quantity of welJmade packing boxes with tubes. First-class
Certificates havt been taken for the flowers at all the important
Rose Shows in tie country.

May be viewei any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had of Mr. Slarpe on the Premises, of W. H. Punnett. Esq..
Surveyor, 35, Xoorgate Street, E.C., and of the Auctioneers,
Estate Agents, md Valuers. 67 and 68. Cheapside.

N.B. —It is pcposed to offer the whole of the Land in Build-
ing Plots in tie spring of next year. Its proximity to the
Railway Statioi and Small ArmsEactory, rendering it particu-
larly attractive for cottage property.

Wolverhampton.

FRIDAY NEXT.
nfPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of SPECIMEN STOVE
and GREINHOUSE PLANTS at Low Hill. Bushbury,
2 miles frcn Wolverhampton, and close to Bushbury Junc-
tion Statioi, London and North-Western Railway.

MESSRS HEATH and SON have received
instrucions from H. Lovatt, Esq., who is giving up
exhibiting, i> SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, on
FRIDAY. D«:ember 2. at 12 o'Clock precisely, all his
EXH^BITIO^ PLANTS, comprising specimen Crotons. AUa-
mandas, Antluriums, with 20 growths; Dipladeniaa, Stepha-
notis, Euchais, in 18-inch pots; Ericas, and Indian Azaleas.
Latania borbnica, Kentia Fosteriana, with 14 fine leaves ;
Cocos Weddeliana, 30 leaves ; Lapageria alba. 5 by 5 feet ; large
pots of best n.med Caladiums ; 24 splendid specimen Camellias,
6 to 15 feet hgh ; also Exotic Ferns in variety.

Plants will be on view any day prior to Sale. Catalogues
may be had rom Head Gardener, Mr. RAFFILL, Low Hill,
Bushbury, Wilverhampton ; orof the Auctioneers, Cheltenham.

WANTED, a NURSERY, within easy distance
of L)ndon, Freehold or on Lease. Two to five acres
of Land. Seid full particulars to

6.. care )f Mr. Hodsoll. 143. Milton Road, Gravesend.

Ftimlslilng Business.

MESSRS. PRUTHEKUE and MORRIS have
been f.voured with instructions to DISPOSE OF one of
the principalFURNISHlNG BUSINESSES in London.

Full particulars and terms on application at 67 and 68,
Cheapside, Ljndon, B.C.

To Sardeners and Florists.— Watford.

FOR DBPOSAL, the Lease of a Genuine and
Old-eshblished FLORIST and SEEDSMAN'S BUSINESS,
Cottage witi Shop, Range of Glasshouses and Pits, Outbuild-
ings, and abut 1 acre of Nursery Ground. All Stock in Trade
and Fixture;at valuation. Rent £20 per annum.

All particilars of Messrs. HUMBERT, SON AND FLINT, Land
Agents and auctioneers, Watford, Herts.

TO BE SOLD, as a Going Concern, a small
FREEHOLD NURSERY, with a S-roomed House and.
also between 5000 and 6000 feet of Glass, situate in a good
Market Town.

For full particulars, apply to M. S., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

To Gentlemen Fond of Horticulture.

Particularly the GROWTH of ORCHIDS.
Kent. Occupying a high and healthy position in a favourit*
Residential locality, and within a few minutes' walk of
Station.

TO BE LET or SOLI), a DETACHED
FAMILY RESIDENCE, standing in its own Grounds,
with Five Modern Greenhouses, specially constructed and
heated for the growth of Orchids.

Full particulars of PROTHEROE asd MORRIS, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

Nursery about 30 Miles from London,

close to the Railway Station.

TO BE LET, on LEASE or otherwise, or the
FREEHOLD TO BE SOLD. About 4 acres in extent.
More Land could be had if desired. No Premium required, but
Stock to be taken at a valuation.

Apply, Mr. BRAKE. Farnborough, Hants.

TO LET, a good Going Concern, in the
immediate neighbourhood of the largest manufacturing
towns in England. SEED. FRUIT, and FLOWER BUSINESS,
with good Residence ; cheap.

For full particulars apply by letter to J. B., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

Cradley, near Malvern.

TO BE LET, KIDGWAY HOUSE, with
Cottage, Outbuildings, Gardens, and Orchard, in all
over 2 acres; also long ranges of Hothouses, including Peach-
house and Vineries, each 150 feet long; Tomato and Fig-
houses, Forcing Pits, &c. The soil of this locality is specially
adapted for the Growing of Grapes and Stone Fruit. Early
possession may be had.

For further particulars, apply to Messrs. CORSER and
WALKER, Solicitors ; or to GATES, PERRENS and WOOLD-
RIDGE, Land Agents, all of Sfuurhridgp.

To Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Others.

TO BE LET, by Tender, for a term of years,
with immediate possession, ST. GEORGE'S GARDENS,
St. Anne's-on-the-Sea. The Grounds are well laid out and
arranged both as Pleasure Grounds and Market Gardens, and
comprise Vineries, Hothouses, &c.

Full particulars from WILLIAM H. NUTTER. St. Anne's-
on-the-Sea.

ORCHIDS.

An immense StocJc.
Thousands Showing for Bloom.

NEW CATALOGUE

OF

ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

Free 07i application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL GO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

Lily of the Valley— true Berlin Variety.

WILLIAM DENMAN, Hoeticdltubal
Salesman. Covent Garden. W.C. Samples and price
of the above forwarded on application.

CARNATION "GLOIRE DE NANCY."—
This is one of the best Clove-scented, more robust and
hardy than the old Red Clove, with larger pure white flowers,
and freer ; forces well. I have a few thousands, strong, well-
rooted layers, at 25s. per 100. Cash with Order.

EDWARD COLLINS and SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery,
Willesden Junction, W.

EAKALE for FORCING, superior selected

Crowns. 80s. per 1000 ; under 500, 9s. per 100. Orders to
be accompanied by cheque or Post-office Order.

ALFRED ATWOOD. Grower, 61, ghillington Street, Batter-
sea. S^W^

WHINHAM'S INDUSTRY GOOSE-
BERRY.— The original stock of this variety, raised
by the late Mr. Robert Whiuham. of Morpeth, offered in fine
plants, 4s. per dozen. Tr.ide price on application.

THOMAS MATHESON. Nurseries, Morpeth.

Planting Season.

The Planting Season having now begun,

AND A. MORRISON, Nurserymen,

Elgin, beg to direct the attention of Planters to their

extensive Stocks of FOREST TREES of all kinds, suitable for
Hill Planting, which they are offering at

Unprecedentedly low prices.
Samples and Priced List on applieation to

R. AND A. MORRISON.

UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,

Hillegom. near Haarlem. Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCILLE (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

R.

26, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

643

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Roots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try William Clibran & Son, who are probably iu a
better position than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers these desirable conditions. Statements of this
class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way, a few facta as to the progress of our
business may be named.

Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 2 acres of ground are now
covered with Gla.ss and Iluildings. Wages paid first year, about £250. to four men and a boy, now are £5000 per annum
to over 100 hands reguUirly employed. Rent then, £3(j; now, near £300. Acreage at start, 6^; now. 85, and still increasing
and extending on all sides.

V/'M. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BOWDON ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,
have the pleasure to offer General Stock as under: —

Table Decorations.

PALMS, FICUS ET.ASTICA, ASPIDISTRAS, grand plants
for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured ; good
plants, for immediate effect, 1S5., 24s., and 305. per dozen.

SOLANUMS, full of beautiful berries, 9j., 12s., and I8s. per
dozen. The finest Stock in the North of England.

Winter Flowers for Indoors.
EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA. bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Spravs, &c.. 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSEtTIA PULCHERRIMA. scarlet heads. 9s., 12s. perdoz.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERARIAS, 6s.

per dozen.
BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12s. per dozen ; small, 4s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Clumps ol SPIR.EA JAPONICA, S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS. 5s. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand sirigle crowns for early

forcing. 6s. per 100 ; clumps, 12s. and 15s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARIAS and CALCEOLARIAS, the finest strains.

Is. 6rf. per dozen ; in pots, 2s. 6*f . per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with hud, 12s. and 18s. per dozen.
AZALEA PONTICA. 6s., 9s.. and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS, 13s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a mass of buds, 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
PRETTY CYTISUS. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRIST.MAS ROSES, the fine«t variety of all for large white

flowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and ;JOs. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS. SWEET WIL-
LIAMS. SILENE PENDULA CO.MPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen, 50 for 3s.. 100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ARABIS, AUBRIETIAS. DACTYLIS, white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS, PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNARLA
TOMENTOSA, .ALYSSUM, Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors,

DAISIES, red, white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 5s. per 100,

40s. per 1000.
VIOLAS and BEDDINQ PANSIES, separate colours. Is. per

dozen, 6s. per 100.
PYRETHRUMS, strong clumps. 4s. per dozen.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the best

kinds, 3s. per dozen, 21s. per 100.

Roses— Roses— Roses,

DWARFS, from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid

Perpetuals, 6s. per dozen, oO for 21s., 100 for 40s.
TEA SCENTED, in pots, the best kinds, 16s. and 18s. per dozen .
STANDARDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees.

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds. 9s.. 12s., and ISs. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety, Stand.ards and Pyramids, 6s., 9s,,
.and 12s. per dozen; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s., 18s.,
and- 245. per-^ozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. per dozen ; Trained, 18s.

and 24s. per dozen.
PLUMS, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. perdoz.; Trained, 24s. per doz.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, 2s., 3s„ and 4s. per dozen.
RASPBERRIES, FILLB.45KET, Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100.
RHUB.4RB, best sorts, 4s., 6s.. and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boxes,

pots, &c.. in beautiful little plants, 6s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens, &c., in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, .3s. 6rf.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS, lovely kinds, 3s. per doz., 15s. and 20s. 100.
PLANTS for Hedges, Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

6s. to 1.5s. per 100; THORN QUICKS, from 15s. to 30s. per

1000; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100; HOLLIES,

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

CATALOGUES FREE.

WS/L. CLIBRAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

RICHARD SMiTH & CO., WORCESTER.

(Established 1804.)

BULBS.

Lovely Flowers in Wii

Packing and Carriage Free for Cash -with Order.
STANDARDi^l^.*pW doten, (■'■iOQtfEee.for J20s.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000), '"poSr^cr

ITii'. to 365, per dozen,

ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

4s. per dozen, 25s. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES, e'-«-«-i^ p--!""

Forcing, 16s. to 25s. per 100.

CANES

CLEMATIS, ^'■'

SHRUBS, &d!^i acres.) i^Su^^?^!^:

FLOWERING PLANTS "(Hs. per dozen, 50s. per 100),
FOREST TREE^-if *>j ff 1 ; ;

FamoiM "Planting and Forcing Asparagus and SeaMis: '.'■' i "^ '

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an Immense amount of useful information, free on application,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free S^d. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 6 ; ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, SOs.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

"W. RICHARDS, 41, "WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W-C.

THE GARDENERS*

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and STJBSCBIPTIONS

WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BY

A. F. BARRON, Hon.See,^

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, ■ ■ .
Chiswick, London, W..'~ '.

ANDRE LEROY'S. Nurseries, at Angers,
France, the largest and ritiheA m Europe In Collections
of FRUIT Olid ORN.*MEXTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CA-
MELLIAS, ROSES,- SEEDLINGS', iSTOCK ; FRUH TREKS,
&o. CATALOGUES sent on nppliearioi}, Freight from
Angers to London is very-moderat*.- M?flal 'of llloii'Our at the
Universal Exhibition at'Pari»1878. '

Orders must be addressed to»Me5sri. WATSON isD SCULL,
90, Lower Thames, Street, London, E.C.

EstabUsbed 1827,

BRIARS (DOG ROSE), SEEDLING,
FOR STOCKS.
1-yr., extra choice, per 10,000, £7.
1-yr., No, 1 choice, per 10,000, £5,
1-yr., No. 2 choice, per 10,000, £2 10s.
2-yr. transplanted, extra choice, per 10,000, £10.
2-yr. transplanted. No. 1 choice, per 10,000, £7.
FRUIT TREE STOCKS.— Pears, 1 and 2 years ; Quince,
Plums, Apples, seedling. Paradise, Doucin, Myrobolant, Ma-
haleb, Mazard; Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
YouuK stocks from seeds or cuttings disposable by millions.^
Stocks very fine and very cheap. Prices and CATALOGUES
sent on demand to

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay, Seine, France.

AFFODILS— DAFFODILS— DAFFODILS.

Sales limited to the month of November.
" When icicles hang by the wall.
And Dick the shepherd blows hia nail.
And Tom bears logs into the hall,
And milk comes frozen home in pail."
Its time POOR BULBS were in the soil.
Those left in shops will only spoil.
Parties wanting WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND'S DAFFO-
DILS have only to write for "ORIGINAL LITTLE BOOK,"
which is sent, Post-free, for 18 Stamps, and is favourably noticed.
Its duplicate, without illustrations, gratis to all applicants.
DAFFODIL SALES are CLOSED the END of NuVEMBEB.
His best thanhs are again given to the many numerous
Scotch and English Patrons that have so far sent him their
confidence.
•■ Old Established " Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

rf^KUlT TKEE8 a SPECIALTY.— True to

-L name. A large stock of all sorts— APPLES. CHERRIES,
CURRANTS, and GOOSEBERRIES (best also, Lancashire prize
sorts), very cheap iu quantity for market purpos^n; APRICOTS,
NECTARINES, PEACHES. NUTS. PEARS, PLUMS. DAM-
SONS, RASPBERRIES, in all forms usually grown ; STRAW-
BERRIES, all the old standard, also the new sorts, by the 100
or 1000, or iu small pots. Winner 1st prize, Manchester; 2nd,
Crystal Palace this year, for large collection APPLES, and
over fifty others within the last few years. Price LIST £r«e.
Special quotations for quantities. '

Descriptive LIST, With description of, all sorts, and much,
useful information, fO'uf stamps".' '■-'' . < . .'

JOHN WATKINS; Fi-uitTree N«r3erymail,5P6monft Foral,
Withington, Hereford.

SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.—
Araucaria imbricata.S to 9 inches. 40s. per 100. Abiea
Douglasii, 1 year, 20s. per lOOQ. ■iibie3orientilis,8to9 inch. 125.
per 100. American Arbor- vitip, 10 to IS" inch^. 50s. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni, 12 to 15 inches, 60s. per 1000. Cupreesua
erecta viridis, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000 ; ditto, 1 to IJ foot,
extra, 105. per TOO. Cupressus eti-fcTa, 6 to 8 incTiM, 40i. per
1000; ditto, 1 to 14- foot, 125. per 100. Cedrus lJe9^ra, 6 to 9
inches, 65. per 100; ditto, 12 inches, 125.. per 100. Piiiua
insigrfig, > ytear, 4i. per lOO. Pinus Cehibra,-2 y^KTs-.lOs: per
1000-. 'Pinus Nordmanui, 2 yeaJW, 6s-. per 100. Pmiig excel^a,
1 year, 45. pCT lOO. Pinu» eanariensis, 1 year, 5*. per KKt.
Retinospora pliimosa, 10 to 12 inches, IOj. per 100. Retinosjwra
-squarro^ia, 6 to 8 inches, is. per 100; ditto, 10 inches, 85. per
100. Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 405. per 1000. Thuiopsis
dolabrata, 6 to 8 inches, 45. per 100 ; ditto, 12 inches, fine, 12,i.
per 100. Yew, English, 8 to 9 inches, 65. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal, 8 to 9 inches, 65. per 100. Common Laurel, 12 to 14
inches, 35s. per 1000, Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inches,
605. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 inches, tiOs. per 1000.

GABLIES MTTCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer,

F

R U I T TREES,

10,000 VICTORIA PLUMS.
.=i,000 GISBORN PLUMS.
6,000 PRINCE OF WALES PLUMS.
6,000 FARLEIGH PROLIFIC DAMSONS.
20,000 of other good sorta.
20.000 PEARS, in CO sorta.
40.000 APPLES, in 100 sorts.
Brompton, Brussels, and Common PLUM STOCKS,
strong, 2-vr. wood.
Strong trained Morello CHERRIES.
Price per 100 or 1000, on application to
FLETCUEB BEOS.. Otlershaw Nursery, Chertwy, 3uiMy.

644

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[NoVKMBBB 26, 1887.

To the Trade only.

WM. BAYLOR HAKTLAND offers to t
Trade SEEDS in limited quantity of the toUowii
price on application ; —
CAKNATION. •• WHITE ROSETTE." for Market Grow(
The finest White, and most floriferoua sort grown, [
deliciously " Clove-scented." Three plants presented w
quarter ounce orders for trial grounds.
PINK— the Cloie-scented " Mrs. Sinkins."
PRIMULA obconica— selected.
NARCISSUS corbularia conspicuus.

RHODODENDRONS, Hybrid, 18 inches to 2
feet, £5 to £6 per 100 ; PONTICUM, 18 inches to 2 feet,
£2 to £2 IDs. per lOU.
AZALEA PONTICUM, 12 to 18 inches, £2 to £2 10s. per 100.
CUPBESSUS LAWSONIANA, .•! to 4 feet, £2 to £2 10s. per 100 ;

2i to 3 feet. £1 16s. per 100.
COTONEASTER SYMONUSU, 4 feet. £1 Is. per 100.
LIQUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, £5 per 1000.
HOLLY, Green, 12 to 18 inches. £.5 per 1000.
LAURELS, Colchicum, £1 Is. per lOU.
PINUS AUSTRL4CA, 2} to 3 feet, £l .5s. to £1 10s. per 100.
RICHARD MASON. Windlesham Nursery, Bagshot, Surrey.

f^'OREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,
18s. per 1000. Ash, IJ to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000; ditto,
2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech. IJ to 2 feet. 14s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet. ISs. per 1000. Birch, 1 to 1 j foot. 18s. per
1000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Elm,
It to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 14s. per 1000;
ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, IJ to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. 6d. per
1000 ; ditto, 4 to 6 feet. 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to U foot.
8«. per 1000; ditto. lJto2feet. 10s. per 1000; ditto, 3 to 2l feet,
12s. per 1000. Scotch Fir, 1 J to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000. Oak, I J to
2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per lOlXl. Pinus
austriaca, 2 years transplanted, line. 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet.
2 to 2J feet, 26s. per 1000 : ditto. 4 feet. es. per 100. Sycamore.
U to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. 2 to 3 feet. 16s. per 1000.
Thorns. 1 to 1} foot. 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. IJ to 2 feet. 15s. per
1000 ; ditto. 2 to 2J feet. 17s. id. per 1000. Special offers for
extra quantities.

OARLEES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

OSES and FRUIT TREES.

ROSES, Dwarf H.P„ all the best varieties, our selection,
63*. per 100. 50 for 20s., 12 sent free by post for 8s.
ROSES. Dwarf Tea, from open ground, including t/loiredeDijon,
Marechal Niel, and other good varieties, 9s. per dozen.
APPLE TREES. Standards for Orchards, 18s. and 24s. per doi.
,, ,, Bushes, 6s. per dozen, ifis. per 100.
., ,, Pyramids. 12s., 18s.. and 24s. per dozen.
FRUIT TREES, 12 assorted Dwarf-trained. 30s. per dozen.
APPLE and PEAR TREES. 13 assorted Pyramid, 18s. per doz.
CURRANT TREES, assorted. Black, Red, and White, 2s 6i. per

dozen. 18s. per 100.
QOOSEBERRIES, WarrinRton and other best named sorts,

2s. 6if. per dozen, 13s. per 100.
VINES, strong planting Canes, Black Hamburgh and Muscat

of Alexandria, and others, 4s. each.
Terms cash. CATALOGUES on application.
CO., Durdliam Down, Clifton, Bristol.

OARAWAY

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
havint; now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of SWEDES, TUR.\IPS, MANGELS, and other AGRI-
CULTURAL SEEDS, will be pleased to send special offers of
ume on application.

Seed Warehouse. Sleaford.

To the Trade.

Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.

HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to
• make special offers of their fine selected stocks of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have
harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very
advantageous to purchasers.

Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

To Qentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others

intending planting Shrubs and Trees, &c.. this Autumn.

ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call
attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES,
LIftlES. ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS. and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £5 and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.
The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

ARGE SHRUBS. — American Arbor-vte,

2 to 2J feet, 163. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, 20s. per 100.
Aucuba japonica, IJ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2^ feet,
40j. per 100. Berberis aquifolia, 1 to IJ foot. 60s. per 1000.
Box Trees, 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Grislinia litoralis, IJ foot, 303.
per 100. Laurel, Common, 2 to 2J feet, 10s. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal. IJ to 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Laurel, Colchic, 1^ to 2
feet, 10s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 16s. per 100 ; ditto. 3 to A
feet, 20s, per 100. Laurel, caucaaicum, 2 to 3 feet, extra, 20s.
per 100. Rhododendron ponticum, 1 foot bushes, 20s. per 100 ;
ditto, li to 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; ditto 2 to 2^ feet, 40s. per 100 ;
dittSo, to 3^ feet, 70s. per 100. White and other colours, strong
and bushy, 70s. per 100. English Yews. 2 feet, 26s. per 100. Abies
Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100 ; ditto, 4 to 6 feet. 45s. per
100. Araucaria imbricata. Ij to 2 feet, 24s. per dozen ; ditto,
2 to 2^ feet, 36s. per dozen ; ditto, 3 to 3J feet. 50s. per dozen.
Cupressua macrocarpa, 2 to 3 feet, 50s. per 100. Cupressus
Lftweoni, 2 to 3 feet, 25s. per 100. Cupressus erecta viridis,
2 to 2^ feet, 35s. per 100. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 feet. 35s. per
100 ; cfitto, 3 to 3J feet, 18s. per dozen. Retinospora plumosa,
IJ foot, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2J feet, 30s. per 100. Retino-
spora plumosa aurea, 1 to IJ foot, 50s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa, 12 to 18 inches, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2* feet, 60s.
per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 2 to 2J feet, 20s. per 100 ; ditto. 4 to 6
feet, 12s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2 to 2^ feet, 50s. per
100. Thuia dolabrata, IJ to :; feet. 18s. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 3
feet, 30s. per dozen.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

MAIDENHAIR FERN, Qs. per dozen
bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton- on-Thames.

HANS NIEMAND & CO.,

THE ROYAL NURSERIES,
BIRMINGHAM,

RESPECTFULLY CALL ATTENTION TO THEIR

LARGE COLLECTION of PALMS,

varying in height from 1 to 16 feet,

and filling two larg*? houses of the following dimensions,

viz., 70 feet by 30 feet, and 70 feet by 20 feet.

As it is difficult to describe these grand plants, purchasers

are respectfully invited to call and see for themselves.

The General Stock is also well worth attention, filling
twenty-three large houses, and consisting of about :—
1000 CHRYSANTHEMUMS,
2000 POINSETTIAS,
1000 DOUBLE PRIMULAS,
1000 CYCLAMEN,
5000 FERNS,
Other ORNAMENTAL and FLOWERING PLANTS in
proportion. Also about
4000 CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.
Descriptive List of this Grand Collection post-free on

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

OF

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS,

LARGEST GROWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE
IN THE KINGDOM.

Price Lists ami Pamphlets on appliLation.

(Harclily-Gro-Him) ,,

FRUIT TREES.

NEW CATALOGUE (NO. 339) POST FREE.

VERY EXTENSIVE & SUPERIOR STOCK.

i^AU the Most Desirable

Varieties in Cultivation,

Habdibb, thus bucceeding much better than Trees
Grown in Warm & Sheltered parts op England.

&U $caU2i Klotial ^awa*)i.

"James Dickson & Sons"

"NEWTON" Nurseries,

Cliestei?.

If U II i 11

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

jrHEAL&QONS

y^y Cva-wlcy, O Sussex.

ICRCFY FRUIT TREES,.

W tm r\ V^ b. ■ Carriage Paid. Cordone a epeciahte.
Write tor Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORNU
AND SON. High View Nurseries, who will send, carriago
p«id for cash with ordsr, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 218.
Early orders secure extra strong plants.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST ROSES,

The BEST CAJLELMAS.

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, Sic,

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHKUBS,

The BEST PARK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUIT TREES and QRAPE VINES,

The BEST SEEDS, &c.,

May be seen and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAUL'S NURSERIES,

WALTHAM CROSS

(near " Waltham Cross " Station, Great Eastern Railway, half
hour from London). ^^Prices a-s low as possible. Inspectiou

Mted.

Priced CATALOGUES Free.

COLCHESTER ROSES.

A anrcH

ENLARGED CATALOGUE,

JUST PUBLISHED,

CONTAINING

Name of Raiser Sf Date of Introduction

OF EACH VARIETY;

VALUABLE INFORMATION

Respecting the Newer Kinds,
HINTS as to CTTLTIVATION, &c.

POST FREE OA APPLICATION TO

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

CATALOGUES.

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEBEFOBD

{EstaUished 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,

FOREST TREES,

RHODODENDRONS,

CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers will be made for Large Contracts.

NOVEMBBH 26, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

645

FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY
CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustar A. Schultz,
Berlin. For price write to

JACOB iHD VALENTIN. 56. Cheapsido, London. B.C.

DIANTUM CUNEATUM.— A few thousand

to dispose of, very strong and healthy, in thumb-pots,
£7 per 1000.

WM. MITCHELL. Nurseries. Enfield Highway.

Tbe New Raspberry,

LORD BEACONSFIELD.
(A Seedling.)
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First-
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canes. £Ji per 100 ; 9s. per dozen. Smaller Cane?, 6j.
per dozen.
Trade supplied. Cash with order.

A. FAIJLKNOR. Inkpen, Hungerford.

HRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best

and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready, \s. Gd, per dozen, 10s. per 100 ; plants in January,
2s. 6d. per dozen, 16s. per lOO. W. E.'s selection cheaper.
Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mons. Delaux's grand set
of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation. 2 stamps.

WM. ETHERINGTON. Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans-
combe, Kent.

Qf\ rjnn clematis, in Pots, of all the

OV/^V/V/V finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 125. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; eitra strong plants, repotted into S^int'h pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AJfD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

N

VE R T E G A
GARDEN NOVELTIES.
BRAMBLES for Fruiting. I RASPBERRY, Black Fruited.
BRAMBLES for Flowenne. RASPBERRY. Golden Fruited.
RARE and beautiful Shrubs. HEBBACEOUS and Alpine,s.
RARE and delicious Fruits. | LAPAGERIA alba and rubra.
Illustrated LISTS postrfree.
R. H. VERTEGANS. F.R.H.S.. Chad Valley Nurseries,
Birmingham. Telegrams—" VERTEGANS, Birmingham.

tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiMiiiiiiniiiiiin!^

I JO pLAS^TERSi

I Stock Unique I
i & Unequalled, i

iNURSERIESover200 ACRESf

I MOST MODERATE PRICES. |
I TRUCK LOADS Carriage Free. |

= CATALOGUES GRATIS. |

IF?'A.DICKS0N&S0NS|

= THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN, =

I —CHESTER.— I

iiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniimiit;

NE\A^ MELON,

" TEMPLENEWSAM HYBRID."

The above new and distinct variety was raised by Mr. Dawes, Gardener to the Hon. Mrs. ^Meynell-
Ingram, Templenewsam, and is the result of a cross between the well-known varieties, Hero of
LocKiNGE and Bead's Scarlet. It was awarded a First-class Certificate at the Spring Exhibition
of the Manchester Botanical Society, 1887, and it has on several occasions been locally exhibited,
never failing to win golden opinions from competent judges.

TEMPLENEWSAM HYBRID is a very handsome oval-shaped Melon, with a rich golden-yellow
skin, beautifully netted. The flesh is white, deep, rich and melting to the rind, and the
flavour is all that can be desired. It is early, arriving quickly at maturity, is of free growth,
an excellent setter, produces fruits averaging from 4 to 4^ lb. each, and when fully ripe
remains a long time fit for use.
Mr. Coleman, The Gardens. Eaainor Castle, says : — " A good size, shape oval, skin bright golden, and beautifully netted.
Flesh white, deep, and melting quite through to the rind. Flavour eicellent. reminding me of my own Eastnor Castle."

Mr. Roberts. The Gardens, Prestu-old Hall, says :— " The Seedling Melon is perfect in shape, nicely netted, with a thick soft
flesh of a rich and excellent flavour. I consider it quite distinct."

Mr. Chuck. The Gardens, Brodsworth Hall, says :— " Your Seedling Melon I consider a first-class variety, and worthy of
extensive cultivation."

Many other thoroughly practical Gardeners have seen this variety, and verify by their
opinions the high characteristics that we claim for it, and with which we have great pleasure in
bringing it under public notice.

Price, Ss. 6d. per Sealed Packet, post-free.

Special offer to the Trade on application.

DICKSON & ROBINSON,

SEED MERCHANTS, &c.,

(2, OLD MILLGATE, MANCHESTER.

Mu;

Each.-

NEW CHRYSANTHE
of 1887 ;—
EDWIN MOLTNEUX. First-class Certificate ...
LADY T. LAWRENCE, First-class Certificate ...
DUKE OF BERWICK, First-class Certificate ...
WILLIAM OOBBETT. First-class Certificate ...
MRS. J. WRIGHT. 2 First-class Certificates ...
MR. C. ORCHARD, First-class Certificate
MR. H, CANNELL. First-class Certificate
MRS. H. CANNELL. First-class Certificate

MR. GARNER. First-class Certificate

ORMONDE

M. J. A. LAING

OTHELLO

The above 12 varieties for

Good strong plants ready to send out the end of February.
18SS. LORD EVERSLEY. new Incurved pure white sport
from Princess Teck, First-class Certificate. National Chrys.ia-
themum Society, Nov. 9, 1887. 3,. 6d. each.

CATALOGUE of all the best New and Old Exhibition
Varieties, 3 stamps.

G. STEVENS, Chrysanthemum Grower, St. John'i Nurssrv,
Putney, London. S.W.

... fc u 0

AVENUE TREES.— Well rooted, with
straight stems and good heads : —
ELM, Chichester, 8 to 10 feet. 10s. per dozen. 10s. per 100 : 10
to 12 feet. 15s. per dozen, 100s. per 100 ; 12 to 14 feet,
21s. per dozen.
,, English, 6 to 8 feet, 9s. per dozen, 60s. per 100; 8 to 10
feet, 12s. per dozen, 80s. per 100; 10 to 12 feet, 15s.
per dozen.
LIMES, Red-twigged, 8 to 10 feet, 12s. per dozen. BOs. per 100 ;

10 to 12 feet. 18s. per dozen.
POPLAK. Black Italian. 8 to 10 feet, 6». per dozen. 40s. per
100; 10 to 12 feet. 9s. per dozen, 60s. per 100; 12 to
14 feet. 12s. per dozen.
.. Balsam. 8 to 10 feet, 12s. per dozen; 10to312feot, 185.
per dozen.
MAPLE, Norway. 8 to 10 feet, 15s. per dozen ; 10 to 12 feet.
18s. per dozen.
.TNO. .TEFFERIES AND SON. Royal Nurseries, Cirencest<>r.

CTRAWBERRY ^LANTS, extra fine. —

O Sir J. Paxton. Dr. Hogg, and President, 2s. per 100,

18.S. per 1000.
GOOSEBERRIES, three leading varieties, 8s. per 100.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, fine, 63. per 100.
BOX, three varieties, good pot stuff, 15 to 18 inches, 12s.

per 100.
QUK'K. extra strong, 4 years, 13s. per 1000.
WALLFLOWERS. Belvoir Castle and Harbinger, stronj and

bushy, transplanted, 2s. per 100.
DAISIES, The Bride, strong, 4s. per 100.
MYOSOTIS. transplanted. 2s. per 100.
SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, strong, 2j. per 100.
PANSIES. bedding, blue, white and yellow, 6s. per 100.
PRIMROSE, single lilac, strong. 6s. per 100.

WILLUM BALL. Bedford Road Nurseries. Northampton.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EVERGREEN HEDGES.

The three beat Shrubs for forming Hedges :—
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet, Gs. per dozen, 30j. per 100.
YEWS. English, 2 to 2^ feet. 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100; 2J to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen. 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. j er
dozen, 130s. per 100.
HOLLY. Green, 1^^ to 2 feet, 5s. per dozen, 30s. per 100 ; 2 to
2| feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2^ to 3 feet, 12s. per
dozen, 75s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all bei'n
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS and SON, Billing Road Nurseries,
Northampton.

Telegraphic Addre-is— " QUICK." NORTHAMPTON.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nuraery i
wilhout seeing'it it ia not easy to fori
of its unprecedented extent.

FRUIT TREES, WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING
PLANTS,

Of fine quality and immense numbera.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass Structures dover an area of 282,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.

CONTBACTOBS TO HEB MAJESTY'S WAB DEPARTMENT.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(Telegpraphic Address — " Hot Water," Iiondon; Telephone, No. 4763), have the Largest and Most Complete Stock in the Trade.

CAST - IRON SADDLE BOILER,

WITH WATERWAY END,
and every other Boiler of known merit, kept in Stock.

THE NEW

HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER.

This Boiler is made in several sizes from 6 feet 6 in.
long, and is fitted with Water Bars, as shown in the
illustration. The Fnrnace Door being hung npon the
front of Boiler is complete in itself, thus ensuring the
acme of simplicity in firing.

niuatrated CATALOGUE, Price \i.
Price LIST on application, flree.

HOT-WATEB PIPES. CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

HOT>WAT£S. and HOT-AIB APPABATUS Erected Oomplete, or the Materials supplied.

646

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NovBMBim 26, 188T.

SHARPE'S NEW PEAS.

NE\V PEA -SHARPE'S VICTORY.

First-class Certifcate Royal Ilortlfulfural Socictjj, 1886.

CHISWICK REPORT, 1887:—

" Large, deep-green, Wrinkled Marrow. Large, straight, well-filled pods, good flavour, heavy crop, deep-green foliage, height 3 feet."

SHARPE'S VICTORY /

^" CLASS CERTIFICATE

This magnificent variety has proved in our trials to surpass anything that has come under our notice. It has a robust and vigorous habit ; the
haulm strong and much branched. The pods are produced in pairs (occasionally three) ; are of an immense size ; well filled with large Peas, ten to
eFiBven in a pod; of an exquisite marrow flavour, and beautiful deep-green colour.
' ' We are able to recommend the New Pea with the fullest confidence in its giving entire satisfaction.

Our Stock being very limited at present, we are only able to offer it in Packets at 3s. 6d. each.

SHARPE'S QUEEN.

Our New Pea — Queen — in habit, cropping qualities, colour and flavour, is the perfection of a Pea for e\'ery purpose, and by successive sowings, so
continuous a crop can be obtained that it will be almost unnecessary to cultivate any other variety.

The Queen is a blue wrinkled Marrow Pea, about 2 to 2^ feet in height, of a sturdy branching habit. It requires to be sown thinly, as the pods are
produced from the very bottom of the plant to the top. The pods are large, green, slightly curved, and so filled with Peas that when opened it would
appear impossible they could be contained in the pod. The Peas are large, oval, deep-green, and of a delicious flavour when cooked. We feel we cannot
say too much in its praise, and are confident our Customers will agree with us, it is one of the very best Peas ever sent out.

REPORT OF CHISWICK TRIALS, 1887.

" SHARPE'S Queen (3harpe). — Large, de«p-green. wrinkled, large, long, curved pods, well
filled, eight to ten Pees, bushy habit, strong grower, heavy crop, height .'J feet."

From the "Gardeners' CliTonicle," July 16. 1887.

" New PEis.— Amongst New Peas of this season's introduction. Queen and .Jubilee v
ore the most promising, and appear to be two grand Peas, large in pod, and well-fill(
large Peas of iirat-class flavour. Of the two Peas in question. Queen, with me, is, I thi
best, and is a few days earlier than .Jubilee."

" Fine, large, well-filled pods of Peas with a sweet flavour." — Ep. G.C.

Price, 3s. per Pint Sealed Packet; Is. 6d. per Half-pint Sealed Packet.

SHARPE'S TRIUMPH PEA.

Triumph is one of the best of the many fine varieties we have offered to the public. It is a l>lue wrinkled Marrow Pea, of exquisite flavour ; the
poJU are large and well filled. The habit is good, being dense and bushy, attaining a height of 2 to 3 feet. The plant is covered with pods from the
ground to the extreme top of the haulm. On one plant no less than sixty-nine pods have been conted, containing from nine to eleven Peas in a pod.
Price, Is. 6d. per Pint Sealed Packet ; Is. per Half-pint Sealed Packet.

TRADE PRICE AND SPECIAL LIST OF HOVELTIES FOR 1887 AHO 1888 POST-FREE ON APPLICATION.

CHARLES SHARPE &, CO., SLEAFCRD.

NOTEMEEB 26, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

647

JM O W READY.

THE

Garden Annual

ALMANAC & ADDRESS BOOK
For (888.

The most complete and accurate Reference Book

for the use of all interested In Gardens yet

published.

The Alphabetical List of all Branches of the
Horticultural Trade have been corrected up to the
end of October. The Lists of Gardens and
Country Seats have been very carefully and ex-
tensively revised, and are admitted to be the most
camplete ever published. The " Garden Annual'
may be ordered through all Booksellers, Nursery-
men, and Seedsmen.

IT CONTAINS, AMONG OTHER MATTERS,
THE FOLLOWING, VIZ.:—

Almanac for the year 1888.

Concise Calendar of Gardening Operations

for each month.

Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables procurable
each month.

A carefully compiled Alphabetical List of
Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Florists,
Horticultural Builders, Engineers, and
of the Horticultural Trade generally.

The Principal Gardens, Country Seats,
and Horticultural Trade in Great Britain
and Ireland, arranged in the order of the
Counties, extended and corrected to date.

Alphabetical List of Country Seats and
Gardens in the United Kingdom, with
Names of their Owners, very much ex-
tended and corrected to date.

Alphabetical List of Head Gardeners in the
Principal Gardens of the United Kingdom,
with nearest Post Towns. This List has
been greatly augmented.

List of New Plants, Fruits, and Vegetables

certificated during the Year, and other useful
matter.

COMPLETE LIST of AMERICAN TRADE.

Price One Shilling;

Post Free, Is. 3d.

Of all Booksellers, Newsagents, or from

the Publishing Office —

37, SOUTHAMPTON STREET,

COVENT GARDEN, LOHDOH, W.C.

10 DIFFERENT hardy Evergreen IRISH

A— i FERNS, 2s. 6rf. free ; :! large clumps Gentiana venia,
Is. f,d„ f ree. — O'KELLY. Botanist, BallyvauRhan. Co. Clare.

THE GREAT HARDY NURSERY
PAUL & SON,

OF CHESHUNT,

" The Old Nurseries," Established 1807,

Respectfully invite Orders for

ROSES,

in all ways and in any quantity. The Stock
is exceedingly good this year.

FRUIT TREES.

40,000 Standards, unsurpassed in the country,
and large stocks of fine trees in all forms.

Intending Pldnters should see the Trees.

ORNAMENTAL TREES

AND SHRUBS.

Paul & Son have the most varied collection
in England —
Avenue LIMES, HOLLIES, CONIFERS, PICTURE TREES,

including all Novelties.

HARDY HERBACEOUS

AND ALPINE PLANTS,

grown on 10 acres, at the Broxbourne
Nursery of the firm, in large quantities of

good PLANTS.

The above are amongst the Special Cultures of
the firm. Descriptive CATALOGUES, describ-
ing the actual stock, post-free, on application to

PAUL & SON,

"THE OLD NURSERIES," CHESHUNT.

MAREGHAL NIEL ROSES!

NICE PLANTS, in 5-inch pots, 4 to 6 feet

long. Is. and Is. 6d. each.

FINE PLANTS, in 7-inch pots, with 2 and 3

ehoots, 10 to 12 feet long, 25.. 2s. 6d., 3s., 3s. 6d., &. 5s. each.

MAGNIFICENT PLANTS, in 10-inch pots,

with2and39hoot3. 12 to 15 feet long, 7s. 6d. & 10s. 6rf. each.
The above cannot be surpassed.

The Company have also a large and fine stock of other
CLIMBING ROSES in pots, and also DWARF TEA ROSES,
in pots, in great variety.

LIST with full particulars on application.

The LIVERPOOL HOBTICULTXTRAL CO.

(JOKN Cowan). Limited, The Vinevard and Nurseries,
GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

BAUMFORTH'S
SEEDLING RASPBERRY.

The most popular and finest variety of Rasp-
berry in cultivation.

We are offering Canes this season at following
prices : —

Planting Canes, 16s. per 100.

Fruiting Canes, 22s. 6d. per 100.

Early Orders respectfully solicited.

E. P. DIXON & SONS,

NURSERYMEN, HULL.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

Now ready, In cloth, Hb. 6(1.
rpHB GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

-*■ Vol. r.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.

W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

NEW EDITION,

Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price M., Post-free Z\d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

THE

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1887.

THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY.

A MONG the various excursions that should
-'^^ be made during a visit to Killarney, the
one through the Gap of Dunloe, .30 miles by road
and water, includes a view of all the mountains
of this famous district, a row through the lakes
and, as a dark background to an otherwise charm-
ing landscape, you will see by the roadside the
ruined huts of " farmers " who have been evicted
lately.

Several miles short of the Gap our carriage was
assailed by a regiment of boys mounted on ponies
which they offered for our accomodation in the
rough part of our journey. Soon after a number
of shoeless women joined us, one poor i d lady,
eighty-five years of age, and looking no less
though nimble still, running with the rest. No
doubt this aged athlete has begged in this way
from childhood. She is rather a small, old
woman, neither stout nor slight, but round
brown, and '/. n — a bundle of humanity tied up
very hard, and showing no present signs of coming
undone notwithstanding her great age.

The Gap of Dunloe runs north and south
between the Tomies Mountains and the Mac Gil-
licuddy Reeks. We took a guide with us to
protect us from the importunities of the begging
boys and women that swarm in this district, and
to relate the legends attaching to the place, as
well as to wake up the echoes of the mountain-
sides, and to carry our top-coats. AH these
duties were well performed by a tough and wiry
Irish " boy," with a high.clear voice. The echoes
at the narrowest part of the defile are wonderful,
but the legends as to St. Patrick are too tame to
be worth repeating. A little stream runs through
the glen, feeding five small lakes. The scenery
is exceedingly bold, especially at the point where,
on the southern side of the pass, the mountains
recede and form a vast amphitheatre with the
Black Valley at the further end, and running up
into the heart of the Reeks several miles.

The highest point of the Reeks is 3414 feet
above the level of the sea. Timber covers all
the mountain sides bordering the lakes to a

648

THE GAin)}: NEBS' CHEONICLE.

[NoreitBEB 26, 1887.

height of 1200 and 1400 feet, so that the greater
part of the Reeks and neighbouring heights,
as well as the Gap itself, is bare. Four Ameri-
cans of our party, fresh from a four months'
ramble in Syria and Italy, and now about to
embark for home at Queenstown, found here the
most beautiful scenery which their long tour had
afforded. The grandest view is that from the
lodge where we seated ourselves near the Logan
or Hocking Stone, on the side of the amphi-
theatre just noticed.

Descending from the point, and taking the
road to the left, instead of the one bearing to the
right into the Black A'alley, we followed it by
the stream to the Upper Lake, where we found
two policemen keeping guard as it seemed over
our luncheon. In that alpine spot, policemen
armed with rifles and revolvers seemed quite
superfluous. But the truth must be told :
the caretaker at the cottage on the Upper
Lake, himself an old policeman, was fired at
fj.te!y, and be has since been guarded in the way
described.

After luncheon, we embarked in the boat
which had been sent from Killarney for our use,
and the boatmen pulled at pnoe for the
obscure outlet which leads from the eastern end
of the Upper Lake into a river 2 miles long, with
precipitous banks draped with Oak and Arbutus,
and fringed at the water's edge with Osmunda
rsgalis. We paused at the Eagle's Nest, a lofty
precipice, with the eerie half-way down its face,
behind a formidable ledge partly concealed by
the growth of shrubs. I was afterwards informed
by a man employed at Muckross Abbey, where
the Eagle's Nest is full in view, that three years
since he often saw the birds in early spring
'■ homing," or making their way to the nest to
feed their young ones, but for several years past
they have not visited the spot.

At the end of the Long Range, before entering
the middle or Muckross Lake, by the Old Weir
Bridge and the rapids, we reached a delightful
haven, called the Meeting of the Waters, where
Denis Island divides the stream and adds the
oharm of its richly clad surface to this pleasant
nook. On a fine day when sun and smiles are
abroad, one might desire to be landed on Denis
Isle, and to live there in a fishing cottage for
ever.

The Lower Lake, five'miles long by three miles
broad, bears thirty islets on its surface, mostly
wood-d, but some of them bare rocks. We
entered this lake by Glena Bay, where a lofty
peak of the purple mountains casts its shadow
over the lawns and shrubberies of Glena Cottage.
A short coasting trip along the well wooded base
of the Tomies brought us to the shore, where we
landed and climbed by a rugged path up a wooded
glen to O'Sullivan's cascade, where the water falls
by three descents a distance of 70 feet, and then
passes to the lake below. In the winter season
a rushing torrent roars here, but a long drought
makes sad inroads on the dignity of waterfalls,
and at the time of our visit the little stream sang
very small in its way to the lake, and the music
of the cascade had been much abated.

A short mile of lake brings you next to the
Island of Innisfallen, which the art of poesy has
made forever famous : —

" Sweet Innisfallen, long shall dwell

In memory's dream that sunny smile,
Which o'er thee in that evening fell
When first I saw thy fairy isle."

The whole extent of this famous island consists
of 13 acres, which might graze three or four cows
if it were in grass instead of rock. In the abbey,
founded by St. Finian, it is said, in the sixth

century, and whose ruins are near the landing
place at the extreme end of the island, the Annals
of Imii.ifal/en were compiled in a language of
mixed Irish and Latin.

As we were bound for the town of Killarney,
and not for either of the great hotels near the
margin of the lakes, two of which are in the
Middle Lake, and the others two miles from
Killarney on the Lower Lake, we pulled into
Ross Bay to a point of landing nearest the town,
where the ruins of Ross Castle suggested to Lord
Castleross, a predecessor of the Earl of Kenmare,
the title of his barony, which is now borne by
his eldest son. We landed here, the Americans
and myself, and found our carriage waiting for
us, with the same cheery and civil driver, and
the same pair of willing Irish nags which we
had parted with some hours previously at the
Gap. H. E.

LANDSCAPE GAEDENING.*

Twenty years ago a very modest looking work in
two small volumes was issued under the above title
by the same author, and by the same publisher. It
met with great success, its success, perhaps, being
assisted by the magnificent publication on the parks,
promenades, and gardens of Paris by M. Alphand.
The last-named work, a folio of largest size, in two
volumes, with a multiplicity of steel and other illus-
trations, was truly one of the most magnificent works
that ever issued from the press. Its bulk and cost
necessarily relegated it to the libraries of the wealthy,
where neither space nor funds had to be specially
regarded. The splendour of this work, however,
served to call attention to the subject of ornamental
gardening, and to the little work of Baron Ernouf.
This was in some degree founded on Kemp's How
to Lay Out a Garden, with modifications and
additions. Now, after an interval of twenty years,
the two modest little books that would go easily into
a coat pocket, are replaced by a handsome quarto,
beautifully printed, richly illustrated, and well got
up generally. The illustrations are many of them
the same that appeared in Alphand's work, while
others have appeared in the Journal of Horticulture
and other English journals. The text has been re-
vised, and the assistance of Mr. Alphand has been
secured for the purpose. The first portion of the
work, as revised, deals with the picturesque or
natural style of gardening, as practised by the
Reptons, Kents, Loudons, Barillets, Paxtons, and
other masters of the art ; geometric gardening, in-
cluding the formation of town gardens, squares,
boulevards, and the like, is next treated of. A
chapter ou landscape art deals with the relations
of landscape gardening to art. Details of various
operations for the embellishment and sanitation of
towns, and of their cost, are also given, and which
cannot fail to be of great service to all those engaged
in similar works.

In olden times, each country had its own art, and
this was ditferent in each of the old civilizations, or
at any rate the connecting links, if they existed, have
been lost ; hence there is an individuality about the
gardens of Egypt, Babylon, Greece, and Rome, so far
as we know anything about them, which is now
wanting. Nevertheless, the gardens of the Renais-
sance period were doubtless evolved from Roman-
Greek models ; while the picturesque style has much
in common with that which has been practised in
China from time immemorial. In more modern times,
the fashion that prevails in one country at one
period is followed in all other countries of the
civilised world. The character of the people and
of the age in which they live is curiously illustrated
by the style of gardening — at one time formal, precise,
and artificial ; at another, influenced by the love of

* L'Art d£s JardirK; Pares, JardiKS, Promenadas. S[C. By
Baron Eniouf. Third edition, reconBtruot«d with the aasiit-
anee of A. Alphand. Paris : Bofchschild. {Landioap^ Gar-

beauty and of Nature — a love which has made thou-
sands admire landscapes that were for their forefathers
objects of aversion and even of horror. The Cook's
tourist of to-day, for instance, has a truer fi-eling for
the grandeur of the Alps than the Addisons and John-
sons of the past ; nevertheless, it is necessary in gar-
dening, as in all other matters, to bear in mind the
beauty of appropriateness. There are those who in
their love of the picturesque would banish all archi-
tectural features from the garden ; there are others
who erect Greek temples, and, worse, sham ruins, in
the most inappropriate places. Not only are the
situation and surroundings to be taken into con-
sideration, but also the purpose of the garden. It
mav be the garden of a student and a botanist, the
retreat of an artist or lover of Nature, the gathering-
place of the fashionable, the recreation-ground of the
young, the retiring-place of the weary ; in fact, one
of the great charms of gardening, and of gardens is
their perfect adaptability to various moods and
requirements. It is indeed obvious that modifi-
cations and adaptations are demanded according
to the purpose for which the garden is required, and
hence the onslaughts of those who indiscriminately
decry fiower beds and carpet beds, who see nothing
but horrors in architectural decoration, in reality
lose much of their force by reason of their authors
ignoring the beauty of a])propriateness. The work
before us is full of useful hints. By way of illus-
tration let us call attention to the woodcut
(fig. 125) kindly lent us by M. Rothschild. The
method in which a sense of distance and extent
is given in a space really very limited is shown by
the figure, which represents the drive through the Pare
de Monceaux. As many of our readers know, that
so-called park is in reality a town square of modest
dimensions, surrounded by lofty houses, and elabo-
rated as to its garden decorations to a degree that
seems to some minds distasteful in its excess. The
avenue shown in our sketch, however, is a marvellous
piece of work for a town garden. We shall have other
occasions ol speaking of a work which is not only of in-
terest to the gardener, but to all who take delight in

New or Noteworthy Plants.

DENDROBIUM FRIEDRICKSIANUM, n. sp.*
This is a Siamese discovery, or at least it was re-
ceived from Mr. Rcibbelen, who requests it to be named
D. Friedricksianum, in honour of a Bangkokian
Orchid lover ; I do this with satisfaction. The longer
my orchidic life runs, the more numerous are my
experiences that many collectors never mention the
name of the genuine discoverer; my herbarium con-
tains very numerous and very surprising notes as
to this.

Mr. Robbelen remarks that the species is very scarce.
The plant caused me great trouble, inasmuch as I
had to compare it most carefully with Mr. W. Bull's
monopoly, Dendrobium signatum. My materials are
not so rich as they ought to be to afford satisfactory
comparison. D. signatum appeared one-flowered
{which does not exclude the possibility of a raceme) ;
yet it has other colours, very different petals, a
quite distinct lip, and a distinct column.

I have at hand a dried raceme and an aquarelle of
Dendrobium Friedricksianum. The stem is rather
thick, much furrowed, and the remainder of the
sheaths are covered with dark spots, which may be
called mauve-purple. The four-flowered raceme is
slender, and hangs over. The shape of the flowers
may be compared to that of Dendrobium aureum ;
they are light yellow, with a darker yellow centre to

* Dendrobium Friedericksianum, n. sp. — (Stacbyobia aiirea);
raule calamum gryphinum crasso ; foliis . . . ; peduuculo gra-
till tri-quadrifloro laxo porrecto ; bracteis hyalinia eemiovatis
nunc cum apiculo ovariis pedicellatis multoties brevioribus ;
mento angulato; oepalie ligulatia acutis; tepalis brevisaime
unguloulfttis haetato oblon^is acutis limbo hinc crispulis;
labello cuoeato oblongo acutiusculo subcrispo utrinque supern*
involuto liDea iiioran&ta. in bsAi basfn 'versus tomeotosa disco
aspenilo.— Ex Siam. H. G. Itehb.f.

NOVEMBEK 26. 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

649

the lip, where there is a dark purple semicircular
blotch. The lip is rolled around the column,
oblong, blunt .acute, or .acute, full of asperities on the
disc, and with a clavate line in front of the base, which
is tomentose at its abrupt end. H. G. Rchb.f.

JIlLTONIA BlCNTII (Rchh. f.) LuBBEKSIANA, «. var.

This very fine variety has both tlie sepals and
petals covered with very dark Horse Chestnut-
coloured spots, which are very often confluent in t!ie
middle. The lip is of the finest purple colour. The
peduncle at hand, the first one developed, is two-
flowered, but may attain higher development. It
was kindly sent me by Mr. A. A. Peeters, 58,

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

ORCHIDS AT HEATON HOUSE, CHESHUXT.
At p. 779 of vol. xxvi. I made some remarks on
tlie Phahenopsids and other Orchids cultivated in the
gardens of .1. Partington, Esq., by Mr. Searin, and
many of the leading cultivators near London visited
the collection afterwards. If there is any difference
during the intervening twelve months, it is that the
collection of Phalaiuopsis has improved. Those in-
terested in the method of culture, &c., can refer to
the remarks in last year's volume. I have merely to

right treatment for this genus of Orchids ; for their
vigour is most remarkable. None of the plants seem
to have lost a leaf since they were placed in the
house ; there are still to be seen the small back
leaves which were on the plants in the first instance,
and piled over them are the immense leathery leaves,
fifteen in number in one instance on P. am.abilis,
some of them 13h inches long by 3^ inches across.
This plant was bearing a branched spike with fifty-
one flowers on it. Another plant of the same species
had a more massive-looking spike with forty-four
flowers. Two handsome plants of P. Sanderiana had
ten and twelve large leaves respectively. The beau-
tifully marked leaves of P. Schilleriana were remark-

FlG. 125. — DKIVE IHEOCGH THE PAEC DE 3I0NCEAU, PARIS. (SEE P. (348.)

Chaussee de Foret, St. Gilles, Bnixelles. It is
dedicated, at the wish of Jlr. Peeters, and with great
satisfaction on my part, to Mr. Lubbers, of the
Botanic Garden of Bruxelles. whom I have had the
pleasure of knowing for nearly a third of a century
as a most intelligent and a most enthusiastic grower
and lover of plants, especially of Orchids. H. G.
Bchh.f.

Proliferous Cone of Wellingtonia.— M.

Carriere figures in the lievue Horticolc, November 16,
a cone of Wellingtonia in which the central axis,
after bearing the scales, is prolonged into a leafy
branch. This is a very common occunence in
Cryptomeria japonica, but we do not remember to
have seen it in Wellingtonia.

say in addition, tliat considerable stress is laid upon
the use of salt in the house. Of course, not a particle
of salt is allowed to come into contact with the roots.
The floor is formed of loose rough gravel, so also is
the stage on which the plants are placed, and the
salt is applied in the following manner ; — Three
times a year it is scattered thickly over the gravel on
the floor, and once or twice a year the gravel on the
stages is washed in salt water. It would not do to
scatter salt on the stages, as the roots might root
down into it and be injured. There must be a
slightly saline atmosphen- in the house all tlie year
round, and this is in accordance with the known
habitat of Phalfcnopsis, where the plants are said to
grow with greater vigour near the coast than they do
inland. No doubt Mr. Searin has hit npon the

able as to size and texture. I measured otle leaf
and found it to be 15 inches by 5 inches. P. violacea
had leaves 1 foot by 4i inches i Sanderiana,
9 inches by ik inches ; grandiflora, 12 inches by
4 inches. The house is also well furnished with
long handsome spikes, such as the remarkable plants
might be expected to produce. Those who have not
been successful with this class of Orchids would do
well to visit this collection, for I am sure it seems to
be a pleasure to Mr. Searin if he can impart useful
information to any one interested in his favourite
plants.

The cool-house Orchids are also in robust health.
The spikes are very strong, and some of them have
numerous branches. One spike had fifty-two flowers
upon it. There were some strong bulbs producing

650

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[NoTEsifiEE 26, 1887.

three spikes, one on each side and another from the
apex of the bulb. Two spikes from one bulb had
eighty-five flowers on them. These were mostly the
varieties with small flower, and rather narrow
petals; the individual flowers are not so massive as
the broad-petalled type, and they flower now and in
the winter ; whereas the large-flowered type seldom
produce branched spikes, and only from a dozen to a
score of blooms on each, and they flower more in the
spring and early summer months. I noticed that Mr.
Searin used a very large proportion of peat in his
compost for Udontoglossum, and peat entirely for
Dendrobiums.

Oncidium Lanceanum was doing ^vc-ll sus-
pended in baskets near to the roof glass of the
Phalienopsis-house, and in the coolest Cattleya-
house Vanda coerulea was producing strong spikes
on Teak rafts. Coelogyne speciosa was also in flower
in the Cattleya-house ; it is a distinct and rather in-
teresting species with pale green sepals and petals,
the brown with whitish front. J. J).

Barkeria Lindletana.
Although botanically the genus Barkeriais now in-
cluded under Epidendrum, its distinct habit and form
of inflorescence render it easily recognisable, and
therefore, for garden purposes, the name may be
retained. In Epidendruras, with few exceptions, the
young growths arise from the base of the preceding
year's pseudobulb, while in Barkeria they are de-
veloped from the upper part. Of B. Lindleyana.
one of the handsomest species, several plants are now
flowering at Kew. TIih flowers, which are on an
erect spike, have a drooping and graceful appearance,
and are of a rosy-purple colour, the lip having
a white disc, marked at the apex by a blotch of
darker purple. This species is from Costa Rica,
Barkerias should be grown in the cool-house and
require but little shade. They are impatient of any
close material about their roots, and sphagnum, peat,
or even Eern stem, is better dispensed with. A good
plan when they are commencing growth is to stick a
few stout branching twigs, about a foot in length, into
a small pan filled with moss, and after fastening them
loosely together, to tie the plants near the top of the
miniature faggot so formed. The young roots will
run down the twigs, and the moss in the pan will
help to keep them moist. Grown like this, and sus-
pended near the glass, there is no fear of over-water-
ing, indeed, during hot weather, they should be
syringed or dipped three or four times a day.
Naturally, I believe the Barkerias grow in the tops
of low twiggy bushes, and are never found attached
to trunks of trees nor on the ground, if. B.

CrPRIPEDIUM EURYANDRUM X .

A well known cross between C. Stonei and C. bar-
batum, handsome alike in foliage and flowers, which
partake of the characters of both parents. It was
first described by Professor Reichenbach, Gardeners^
Chronicle, n.s., iv., p. 772. The plant flowers in
winter and requires to be gi'own in the East India-
house, to be shaded from the hottest sun during the
summer.

The potting material used by Mr. Williams
is rough peat and sphagnum with some charcoal
intermixed. The plant should be kept moist at the
roots, but well drained. The foliage should /ilwaya
be kept plump and vigorous as the plant is nearly
always growing and sends forth its young growth
after the blooming season is over. Orchid Album,
t. 301.

CrpRiPEDiuM Measuresiancm X.

A cross between C. villosura and C. venustum,
^ handsome in foliage as well as in flower. The foliage
is about 6 — 8 inches in length, of a shining dark
green colour, the under side purple. The flower-
scape is purple and hairy, dorsal sepal ovate-lanceo-
late, yellow, margined with white, and veined with
yellowish-green ; petals similar to those of C. villosum,
of a ligiit brown-purple changing to bright orange,
Euff"uscd on the ui>per half with ]iurple, and possess-
ing the same varnished appearance; lip large, orange
tinted and veined with purplish-brown. It blooms

during the winter, producing its blossoms very freely,
which continue in perfection two and three months.
The plant thrives well in a cool house, and the
flowers, contrary to the usual rule, become brighter
with age, especially if grown in a cool temperature.
Orchid Album, t. 304.

CrPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOn.

A Burmese species which is best cultivated, accord-
ing to I^Ir. Williams, in fibrous peat mixed with lime-
stone and small lumps of charcoal. It should be
raised above the rim of the pot and requires a
good supply of water at the roots. It should be
grown in the East India-house with a moist heat,
plenty of light but shaded from the burning sun, and
grown a short distance from the glass. The plant
may be propageted by division. Orchid Album, t. 302.

Dendrobium deksiflortjm
is cultivated by Mr. Williams in the coolest part of
the East India-house, and also in the Cattleya-
house, where it thrives equally well grown either in
a basket or a pot, with rough fibrous peat for soil,
and good drainage. The plant should be raised
3 or 4 inches above the pot-rim, the soil being made
firm. It requires to be kept moist at the roots
daring growth, and to be shaded from the hottest
sun in summer, but a good light position should be
given to it during the whole year. The plant, how-
ever, is very accommodating, for it will do well in
any warm house, and if the old bulbs are not cut oft'
they will often continue blooming for several years
in succession.

The plants should always be kept in a moist
house during growth ; the foliage lasts for a very
long time, lasting healthy for years if it gets its
proper requirements. Increase is effected by dividing
the plant just before it begins to grow, taking a
leading bulb with about two or three others at the
back end, potting them in the same material as
TL'Commended above. Orchid Album, t. 303.

THE SEED CROPS IN LIN-
COLNSHIRE.

The county of Lincoln during tlie past eight
or ten years has become a much more important
seed-producing district than it was formerly. Very
fine crops of garden and agricultural seeds are now
grown there, mainly by contract with farmers of
large and small holdings, as in Bedfordshire. During
the years named above much attention has been paid
to the cultivation of crops for seed purposes, and the
area is gradually extending.

Peas are largely grown in the county, both garden
and field varieties; indeed, the culture of these has
extensively increased of late, as well as the varieties
of the Broad Windsor Bean. All the leading varie-
ties of garden Peas can be met with, but the prin-
cipal crops are what are known as " Blue Boilers," of
the Blue Imperial and Harrison's Glory type. These
find their way in a dry state to the manufacturing
districts of Yorkshire and Lancashire, the North of
England, and Scotland, where they form an import-
ant and nutritious article of food among the people.
They are soaked for twenty-four hours in water, then
boiled, and served up in the same way as green Peas.
The main sales of them in a dry state are made by
itinerant dealers at fairs and markets.

Although Lincolnshire was highly favoured in
many respects during the time of drought — owing to
possessing a soil of a somewhat heavy character, fairly
retentive of moisture, which in a dry season like that
of the past summer is of a holding character, and
which invariably produces good crop — yet were the
results unsatisfactory and disappointing, and that
not only as regards shortness of yield, but also in re-
ference to the poor quality of the seed, which shows
great ravages on the part of the maggot. We saw
several samples of fine wrinkled varieties, the seeds
were well ripened, but fully one-third of the crop, in
some cases, would have to be removed in the form of
pickings.

Lincolnshire is a great market gardening district

also, and Peas are largely grown for picking for
market. The earliest Peas grown are the Improved
Sangster, No. 1 type, and those of the Kentish In-
victa, such as Earliest of All, Eclipse, and Alaska;
and the three latter, which have green seed in a dry
state, are gradually superseding the white round
varieties. In course of time these in their turn will
be thrust aside by Peas of higher quality, and quite
as early, such as Little Gem, American Wonder,
and William Hurst ; already they are rooting out the
early varieties in some parts of the county. First
Crop Blue, an early round blue Pea, is beginning to
be much grown by those who prefer blue Peas, and
tiiink it superior to the older types. Of fine second
early Peas, that are coming to be much grown by
market gardeners, mention m.ay be made of Tele-
graph, perhaps the earliest of the group ; Supreme,
and Pride of the Market ; but the old Prizetaker
type is still a favourite with many. Other second
early varieties are Bliss' Abundance, an American
variety, valuable and prolific ; Advancer, and Prince
of Wales. Of main crop varieties the following are
increasing in popularity: — Stratagem, Telephone,
Yorkshire Gem, Veitch's Perfection, and President
Garfield ; and of late varieties, British Queen, Ne
Plus Ultra, and Walker's Perpetual.

Vetches or Tares at the present time are very
largely gro\\Ti, both for green food and for seed
purposes. It is a good and cheap feed in a green
state, and samples of seed are also good, and low
in price.

Mangel Wurzel for seed has been a great deal
affected by a black fly — a sort of " smother fly,"
which did great damage to the crops, and materially
aS'ected, not only the yield, but the weight of the
seed also. The main part of the crop was cut about
the middle of September. All kinds of Mangel have
become a rather important ci'op in the county, and
large breadths are saved for seed. The " smother
fly," as it is locally termed, has materially affected
the yield and weight of the seed.

The Turnip crop was thin and indiff'erent generally,
owing to drought and ravages of the fly ; it was
only the early sown crops which produced fairly
good roots ; late sown ones made but poor growth,
and will be fed off during the winter. Swedes and
white and yellow Turnips are largely grown ; the
former promised a good yield of seed; the latter
scarcely so good as was exhibited at the time the
plants were in flower. The yellow fleshed Turnip
makes the smallest yield.

Potatos are very largely grown in Lincolnshire,
the early crops were better than could have been
expected; and the late ones made wonderful pro-
gress after the rains came. Late Potatos were
1 tte indeed ; but they will carry good crops, and
t'lere was but little appearance of supertubera-
tion or disease. The earliest crop is Myatt's Ash-
leaf, and of the earlier Potatos grown in Lincolnshire,
this variety forms the greater bulk, followed by
Early Eose and Beauty of Hebron. Then follow
Imperator, a round, white variety, that produces a
remunerative crop, and Magnum Bonum. Of new
varieties that are being grown, there are The
Colonel, Chancellor, Johnson's Maincrop Kidney,
a handsome white kidney of the Fluke type ; The
Doctor, Harvester, a very promising late variety ;
M.P., and Suffolk Favourite, also a round white
Potato.

There is one crop peculiar to Lincolnshire, that is
the Ilainham or Enfield Market Cabbage, a very fine
stock of which is largely grown for market purposes.
It is becoming a common thing for farmers to drill
in early Cabbage seed in March and April, at the
rate of 3 lb. per acre, treating it as they would a crop
of Swedes, and thus a heavy yield of this Cabbage ie
obtained, which is ready for marketing early in
September, and are quite ready for feeding off with
sheep in October, and until sharp weather sets in.
In a season like that we have just passed through very
remunerative prices are made with Cabbage managed
in this way for market purposes — from £20 to £25
per acre has been obtained during the past weeks.
Cabbage is a verv nutritious food for cows during a

November 26, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

651

time of drought ; and it is found they yield more
milk, and therefore a greater quantity of butter.
Then large breadths are also grown for seed purposes.
Messrs. "W. Johnson & Son, of Boston, are large
growers of Rainham Cabbage seed, and it is said the
stock is one of the finest in the country ; indeed, this
was very evident from growing Cabbages, and also
from those seen in the market. The crop of
Cabbage seed presented a good average yield. The
Drumhead and other varieties of Cabbage are also
much grown for seed.

One of the finest stocks of Altringham Carrots to
be found in the country is to be seen in the
Boston district. It is, indeed, the Carrot of the dis-
trict, and is remarkable for its deep green top, hand-
some shape, and brilliant red colour. It is an.
important crop, and grown largely for market, feed,
and seed purposes. Ot seed of good quality a very
fine type of the Intermediate is also much culti-
vated.

The green. Kohl Rabi is much grown for feeding
purposes, though but little seed is saved, and that
for the purpose of maintaining a fine and pojiular
stock. Turnip seed is a very important crop also,
and large contracts are taken by farmers. We saw
some fine samples of seed ; but some were a little
undersized, and showed the effects of the drought.
One of the most valuable crops is Mustard, both
white and brown; in July the fields are aglow with
rich gold, and in some parts field after field meets
the eye of the traveller. Mustard is the most im-
portant crop in regard to acreage and value, Turnips
come next, both Swedish and white and yellow-
fleshed varieties ; and it may be said of Lincolnshire
that Mangel Wurzel is becoming much more exten-
sively grown than heretofore. Carrots, Cabbage,
and others of the genus Brassica, are decidedly on
the increase.

CHRISTMAS EOSES.

Jin. "Ware having sent me plants of the form of
H. niger he calls ' caucasicus," I have been enabled
to examine it so far as its foliage is concerned, the
blooming time not being yet. I believe it to be the
plant figured and described by D. Don in Sweet's
Flower Garden, 2nd series, p. 186. and there called
" Hellebonis niger var. vernalis." Here, then, is an
excellent name — H. n. vernalis — for what is evidently
a most valuable garden plant, and I hope Mr. Ware
will adopt it. It differs from the Riverston variety
in the length of its scape, and in its dwarfer habit.
Mr. Poc's variety belongs to the angustifolius group,
whereas this belongs to the ordinary niger major.
Both it and the Riverston variety have the pink-
tipped pistils. Don says, writing in 1833, " Of the
three varieties which we have observed in gardens,
the one now figured is, we think, entitled to the pre-
ference, as being less encumbered by foliage, and
having the blossoms at least a third larger, and of a
clearer colonr. It flowers six weeks or two months
later than the common kind." The illustration is a
very beautiful one, and will repay the trouble of a
reference to any one who has this very scarce book.
It is botanically correct to the most minute details,
and represents a very beautiful flower.

H. N. MAXIMCS.

There are at least four varieties in English gar-
dens, and it would be worth while to examine these,
and single them out at this season. I shall feel
obliged if any one having a noteworthy variety would
forward me a leaf and flower for comparison. No
plants of H. n. altifolius, or maximus, appear to be
imported into England. The whole stocks sold by
gardeners are raised by division, and have probably
emanated from a few pliints, the character of the
leaf and flower having prob.ably been improved by
cuUiv.ation. A full account of this magnificent
form of Helleborus niger, and a fine illustration, will
be found in the Gardeners' Chronicle for 1883, vol. xx.,
p. 693. A good illustration of the plant itself is
still wanted. We have many examples here on the
rockeries carrj-ing twenty to thirty lovely blooms,

and which would form beautiful pictures if photo-
graphed just as they are.

I wonder this plant is not more generally culti-
vated for market purposes. Its blooms sell readily
at the florists for threepence each, and a three-year-
old plant will yield a score of blooms in a season. I
have seen a single plant of this variety which pro-
duced nearly 100 saleable blooms ia a single season.
In addition to the ordinary variety we have plants
with very jagged foliage ; others with very obtusely
lobed leaves ; and a fourth variety which flowers two
months later, and has creamy-white flowers. Mr.
Potter, of York, sent me blooms of this variety from
the York Nurseries last spring, and these agreed
exactly with plants growing here of the same. This,
therefore, is a valuable sort, which should be looked
for. It is the only one of the varieties which would
deserve a special name. Win. Brockbank, Brockhurst.
Dichbiiry, Nov. 19.

STUDIES ON THE GLADIOLUS.

iCoiicbided from p. 620.)
.\.T Langport I noticed that there are various
ways in which the Gladiolus would admit of be-
coming fertilised : —

1. Some varieties have their pistil shorter than
their stamens, so that the slightest movement of the
spike would be certain to shake some pollen on to
the stigma. This was the case in G. Lemoinei, and
in this particular variety the ovaries of whole spikes
were fertilised and approaching maturity.

2. In the majority of the others the stigma was
either on a level with the anthers or above them, and
both it and the stamens curved forwards, so that a
large bee could not get to the nectary, which is at
the bottom of the tube, without brushing its back
against the anthers and stigma, and either self-
fertilising that flower or cross-fertilising it by the
pollen of others. As a matter of fact, I saw that
the small humble-bees which frequented the Gladiolus
flowers had the hairs of their backs well powdered
with pollen. Minute insects, such as ants and
others, which I found on the flowers, can, with
facility, also carry pollen from anthers to stigma.
The bee, however, could do it more efficiently. Its
back, as if purposely so, was covered with hairs, and
in order to get at the nectar it had to pass beyond
the anthers and stigma, and dip its head into the
bottom of the tube. I observed that some speci-
mens had their anthers and stigma curved so low
down that the bee could not pass them without
brushing against them ; while others had these same
organs higher up, and admitted of the bee passing
under them without touching them. The older the
flower the more is its stigma curved downwards, and
the wide divergence of its three divisions enables
either the one or the other to come more easily in
the way of the bee's back.

If one wished to compare the .Gladiolus with the
Amaryllis more minutely, he would find that they
are not so unlike each other, as their leaves and
scattered spike would at first make them appear.
The flower of G. cruentus is more like that of a
twisted Amaryllis than any I have seen ; its seg-
ments, as in the Amaryllis, have a middle band of
parallel veins, and the side veins similarly feathered.
All the Gladioli I saw had a plum or ruby-coloured eye,
which often turns up among the Amaryllis, and is also
seen among Orchids, as in Miltonia. The ovary is
three-celled, and the stigma trifid in both. The
seeds of both resemble each other remarkablv, That
one should have six stamens and the other three is
frequently accounted for by botanists by t le suppres-
sion of a whole whorl. The leaves would appear
very different, but the lowest bract-like leaves of the
Gladiolus and its flower - bracts are like the
spathe-leaves of the Amaryllis. The blades of the
fully-developed leaves of the former appear to be a
simple agglutination of the two halves of the blade,
making the midrib one edge, and the two united
edges the opposite edge. In the one the under-
ground part is called a bulb, and in the other a corm,

but on a minute examination the two will be found
modifications of each other. The bulb has its real
stem very small, from which the roots arise, while the
bases of the leaves are fleshy. The flower-stems are
branches arising from the axils of the leaves. The
corm has its real stem large, forming a Turnip-like
expansion, while the bases of the leaves are mem-
branous.

The flower-stem in the Gladiolus is the ter-
minal branch, and has its flowers scattered, with a
well-developed pair ot bracts to each flower. It
grows slowly, and is solid. As the terminal branch
in flowering ends the life of the corm, one or two
side-buds take up the office, and form new corms for
the ensuing year, and feed on and use up the old corm.
On the contrary, in the Amaryllis the terminal bud
or branch goes on growing and keeping up the life
of tlie old stem, while the flowers are produced on
side buds. The flower-stem of the latter grows
quickly, and is therefore hollow, the spike closed
down telescope-fashion, and therefore the flowers are
on the same level, and, for want of space, their
bracts are filiform. Curiously enough the Amaryllis
of the Cape (Belladonna) — which is also one of the
great homes of the Gladiolus — has also taken on the
solid flower-stem.

With regard to the difference between the number
of stamens in these two plants, I made the following
observations on a Gladiolus named Maid of Orleans;
almost all of whose flowers had a tendency to become
double .

One flower had six pistils, all separate from top to
bottom, and six stamens, two of which were petaloid,
and six corolla segments.

A second flower had five separate pistils, one
partly petaloid ; six stamens, and the rudiment
possibly of a seventh, or of the sixth pistil; two of
these were petaloid, and the filaments of the two
others were united. It had six large corolla seg-
ments, and three extra smaller ones, one of which
was partially staminiferous, and the other two
not so.

A third flower had five stamens and five pistils,
the latter being grouped 2. 2, and 1.

A fourth flower had five stamens and five pistils,
also grouped as in the preceding. Two of its petals
had side lobes — a phenomenon which often occurs in
hybrid Amaryllis. In Orchids, and especially in the
Odontoglossum, this lobing of the petals is very
common.

A fifth flower had six pistils, grouped 2, 2, 1 and
1 ; seven stamens, one of which was petaloid ; and
seven well developed petals, and four other smaller
ones.

A sixth flower had six pistils— two united together,
and four separate ; five stamens, one petaloid and
four grouped into two pairs ; and six large petals,
one of which had a large side lobe, and five smaller
petals, one of which had four lobes.

From these it will be seen that although the
Gladiolus is three-stamened, when it begins to vary
successively by hybridisation it reverts to some six-
stamened ancestor ; moreover, if a single flower of
G. Lemoinei is turned upside down, it has the
greatest possible resemblance to a miniature A.
equestris minor. It is not improbable that the dis-
tinct lower segments of G. Leraonei and others are
homologous with the three distinct upper ones~of
the Hippeastrum ; and therefore, according to this
reckoning, either the Amaryllis and the one-tongued
Gladiolus are normal, and the two and three-tongued
Gladioli are upside down, or vice versa. As I said,
the Amaryllis, in one of its hybrids at least, had
the same position as the two and three tongued
Gladiolus. It is known also that the position from
Orchid flowers is the reverse of the majority,
so that it is not much to snpposethat the Gladiolus,
which is allied to both the Amaryllis and Orchid,
may be subject to similar aberrations ; that they may
have become fixed in distinct species, and that when
the normal of the upside-down species are crossed,
either naturally or artificially, they may give rise to
both forms in one spike, or again become separated
in different spikes.

652

TBE GAEDENEltS' CHBONICLK

[NOVEMDER 26, 1887.

To account for two upper and inner segments in
G. splendens as well as the one upper and middle
segment in G. cruentus being plain, that is, not
distinctly marked, we have to go back to
the time and condition when the Gladiolus
was a regular flower, with all its outer sfgments of
one colour and form, and all its inner ones pencilled
and of a different colour, the inner and the outer
ones regularly alternating with each other, and the
stamens evenly disposed all round the funnel, some-
what, in fact, to what the Vallota is now. In all
my observations I found only one solitary Gladiolus
flower which was regular— looking upwards, with all
its segments regularly disposed, and the three inner
ones dilferently coloured and pencilled, but alter-
nating regularly with the outer ones. This solitary
case, among so many thousands of spikes, would
perhaps indicate that this state of matters, as far as
the Gladiolus is concerned, was very ancient indeed,
and tliat this plant has almost forgotten to revert to
its former regular disposition — that is, it has lost the
power of reverting to so remote a condition. In the
same manner man and some of the anthropoid apes
may have forgotten that their tails were originally
external ! I am not aware of even a solitary case in
which man's tail has reverted to its external position.
Returning to the Gladiolus one may perhaps con-
jecture tliat in changing from the regular to the
irregular form the odd or pair of upper petals being
curved forwards in the shape ot a hood, had their
inner surfaces invisible to passing insects, and thus
by degrees lost their attractive distinct colouring,
while the lower ones, either one, two, or all three,
took up the office of display, and by the selective in-
fluence of insects intensified and contrasted their
colouring.

In giving form to the thoughts which have been
called up by my visit to the land of Gladioli, without
knowing it, I have followed the advice given by Mr.
W. T. Thiseltou Dyer, in his introductory address at
the Birmingham Congress on June 26, 1872. He
then said that, " To record carefully facts of im-
portance is to confer a benefit upon science which
it is impossible to estimate too highly. It is not
necessary to devise ,at once an explanation, or to
hesitate too much if the matter does not square with
preconceived ideas ; it is only necessary to be snre,
as far as we can be so, that we have observed cor-
rectly."

1 think I have observed correctly the facts. It
may, however, be questioned whether I have suffi-
ciently accounted for their being there. As I have
given them, and as others may also observe them,
they may be able to judge whether the conclusion is
adequate to tell the story of their being so. E.
SoTiavia, M.D.

Plant Notes.

AUTUMN AND WINTER CROCI.
1 AM anxious to draw the attention of the readers
of the Gardeners' Chronicle to these hardy flowers for
autumnal and winter blooming. In the middle of
November C. medius was quite fresh. C. Salz-
manni is supposed to flower with this ; but our
plants opened their flowers two weeks later, and
have much paler coloured flowers than those of the
variety figured in Maw's book on the genus ; it diff'ers
from C. medius in respect of the golden tint at the
base of the petals. C. longiflorus, stated by Mr.
Maw to be in flower on October 16, h.id not quite
opened its flowers here on November 12 : it is a very
free-blooming species. The wild form of it grows in
Sicily, and the anthers are gathered to be dried for
Baflfron. They are growing with C. sativus in our
garden, and the flowers opened together. C. longi-
florus is the prettiest and most refined of the two,
and has the centre of the flower yellow ; whereas the
flowers of C. sativus are marked with maroon at
the base. All the above succeed well in the open
border. Others are showing their flowers just push-
ing out of the ground ; and will be noted as succes-

sion varieties to those named. The winter flowering
species must be protected with glass lights, else the
flowers may not open. If they do not open out-of-
doors they will do so when gathered and placed in a
warm room. J. Douglas.

Clerodendron ndtans.
Several plants of this pretty flowered stove
species of Clerodendron are now in flower at Kew.
It will be remembered that Mr. Head, of the Crystal
Palace Gardens, exhibited a well-flowered example
of this at the meeting of the Horticultural Society,
November 9, last year, when it was awarded a First-
class Certificate with acclamation. It is a shrubby
plant with quadrangular, arching branches, long
lance-shaped dark green foliage, and pendent racemes
of delicate white flowers, in which the calyx is
inflated, the corolla a short narrow tube, with a
spreading five-petalled limb, and long slender sta-
mens. Each flower measures \\ inch across, and a
well-flowered raceme would bear a score or more
blooms open at one time. It is a native of Northern
India, and requires stove treatment. A figure of it
will be found in the Gardeners' Chronicle, November,
1886, p. 689. Apparently this species is as easy to
manjige as the other cultivated stove Cleroden-
drons.

Phtsiakthus albexs.

A plant of this in the Succulent-house at Kew is
now bearing numerous large fruits (see fig. 126, p.
653). They are green. Pear-shaped, the stalk at the
broad end, the surface irregular, and they measure
5 inches in length by 3 inches in width. W.

The Apiary.

STRAIGHT COMBS AND HOW TO SECURE
THEM.
This forms the subject of a very useful and inter-
esting article in the British Bee Journal of Nov. 17,
and is, we believe, from the pen of Mr. C. P. Dadant,
a noted bee-keeper on the other side of the Atlantic.
There is a great deal in it, as much of the success or
failure of bee-keepers may be traced to presence or
absence of perfectly straight combs. We have some-
times seen combs bulging out so much that great
lumps had to be cut off' in order to get them into the
extractor. Moreover, when they are not straight .and
flat, tliere is always a probability of two or more
combs being stuck together, and great will be the
anger of the bees if combs have to be cut apart.
Before the invention of comb foundation it was very
difficult to secure straight combs, and bees in straw
skeps generally build their combs very irregularly
if left to their own devices. But now the matter is easy
if a very few simple rules are attended to. Firstly
of the first, then, see that your hives always stand
level, especially from side to side. Next fasten the
foundation firmly into the frames, and see th.at it hangs
perfectly straight. The next thing to consider is how
much foundation to use in each frame. If wanted for
a very large swarm it is best to give only a
narrow strip — Mr. Dadant says 2 or 3 inches, but we
have found half of this enough. The bees will soon
draw it all down straight, whereas if such a colony
had full sheets given them very uneven combs would
be the result. The smaller the swarm, the longer
must the foundation be, and if the quantity of bees
is very small, full sheets may be used. If wired
foundation is used, it is immaterial what quantity of
bees are in the hive, and full sheets may be used.
Mr. Dadant evidently uses those hives with combs at
right .angles to the entrance, for he says it will be an
advantage if the hive slopes forward a little, as damp-
ness could not collect in the hive, and the evenness of
the combs would not be imperilled. So, in practice, if
you use hives with combs parallel to the entrance, as
many of ours are, the hive must stand perfectly level,
as a slope forward then would do the very thing we
wish to .avoid.

It is well to give an eye now and then to
the roofs, to see they keep well in their places ; and

if you have any roofs which are at all likely to
catch the wind and blow off, it would be well to
weight them with a brick, or to tie a piece of thick
string right round roof and hive. It would not be
much trouble to untie when required, as you will not
want to searcli for the queen now, whether she was
born this year or previously. Tent ropes and pegs
avoid ; also cork dust, especially if you have to walk
ten miles and turn to the right to get it, Walter
Chitty, reweeij.

Fruit Register.

BLACK HAMBURGH FOR LATE AUTUMN
USE.

The perfection which the cultivation of this Grape
has attained for summer use is so great that nothing
more is desired in this direction; but the same can-
not be said as regards its cultivation for late autumn con-
sumption, and till Christmas. Samples of fresh plump
Hamburghs at this time are \ery rare to see, perhaps
less frequent now than formerly, before the thick-
skinned and inferior varieties became so much grown.
I remember some few months ago a distinguished
Grape grower stating in your contemporary, the
Journal of Horticulture, that if he were a gentleman
he would scarcely tolerate any other black Grape on
his table up to the beginning of February than the
Black Hamburgh. It is a pity that he did not back
up this commendation of the variety by detailing
the mode of treatment necessary to have this done,
as I believe I shall be safe in saying that few gar-
deners are .able to accomplish this object, however
much they may wish to do so. Years ago it used
to be the constant endeavour of most gardeners to
have this fine Grape in condition as long as it w.as
possible to have it, as it is well known that there is
no Grape, with the exception of the Muscat, which
is so highly appreciated by private families as the
Hamburgh. I am well aware that situation and con-
ditions of the atmosphere play an important part in
the matter of keeping, as I remember that it used to
be next to impossible to have this Grape in anything
like presentable condition .at Bodorgan after the end
of October, although every means known were taken
advantage of to this end. The cause of failure here
I apprehend was the extreme humidity of the atmo-
sphere, Anglesea, as is well known, having a damp
maritime atmosphere. It is the same, hut to a less
degree, where I am now situated, but this difficulty
would not be found so great in drier districts, as I
have proved, and probably in the southern counties
this difficulty may not exist at all, but of this I have
no experience.

It has happened in the gardens over which I
have had the superintendence that Black Hamburgh
h.as been in much request as long as it was possible
to have it in condition, therefore it has been my
endeavour to prolong its season to the utmost, but
only with partial success until the past two years,
when I have been more successful, and I hope by
pursuing the same course of treatment to obtain
complete success, so f;ir at least as to be able to have
it in good condition up to the end of December. I
have tried many ways and adopted many suggestions
given ; among them, I have ke|)t the Vines from
starting in spring until as late a date as possible, and
growing them without flre-heat nearly the whole
season, only closing in the afternoon with sun-heat.
Good Grapes can be grown in this way, but they
will not keep in good condition after November, and
this system of growing Black Hamburghs exposes
one to the danger of sacriflcing the succeeding year's
crop, through inability to properly ripen the wood.
I have also tried smarting the 'Vines earlier, thereby
ripening them e.arly in September, but only with
partial success, although they keep much better
than those grown as described above. I have also
tried Vines in pots for this purpose, which, by starting
late in spring, have been fairly successful ; but this
is only a makeshift practice, and can only be recom-
mended in exceptional cases.

NovEjiBEH 2(5, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

653

The way I found out a more successful method
was almost accidental. Every previous season the
Black Hamburghs had withered and wasted on the
Vines before they were wanted in November, so that
practically the crop was nearly useless. Thinking
over the matter, I came to the conclusion that I
might just as well spoil the crop in growing as
liaving it spoiled at last, in so far as stated, before
the Grapes would perish in wasting and withering
before the time came when they were wanted ; and I
decided on growing the Vines always with plenty of air
on the house night and day, never closing up in the
afternoon when syringi ng, as is the usual custom, simply
reducing the current as the sun-heat diminished.
The back ventilators only are left open at night, but
so far open as often to run down the temperature in the
morning as low as 47°. The syringe is actively plied
from the commencement of growth until the berries
are set ; afterwards on all the available surfaces of
the vinery at least twice a day and oftener, if time
permits, as evaporation is more rapid than when the
vineries are closed after syringing ; and, I need
scarcely add, a liberal supply is attbrded the roots,
not only in summer while the Vines are growing,
but well on in tlie autumn some time after the Grapes

Nursery Notes.

MR. KraGHORNS, RICHMOND, SURREY.

These nurseries possess some interest as having
been founded by one who was the means of enrich-
ing our plant collections with some desirable acquisi-
tions, notably of Indian Azaleas — I allude to the
late Mr. F. I!. Kinghorn. He was also instrumental, as
is now pretty generally known, in bringing to the
notice of the public the first silver-edged Pelargonium,
Flower of the Day, a variety which caused some
little sensation on its introduction. He likewise
raised that still good old pink-fiowered bedding Pelar-
gonium, Cliristine. Other subjects, particularly
amongst florists' flowers, testify to his success as a
raiser.

It is satisfactory to note that his son, Mr. John
Kinghorn, by whom the business is now caiTied
on, worthily maintains the reputation of the firm.
We noticed on a recent visit fine collections of young
Palms and other foliage plants, principally grown for
market and furnishing purposes ; and a fine lot of
Ericas in variety, and Chrysanthemums — cultures

Fig. 126. — fedit of physianthds aleens. (see p. G52.)

are dead ripe, especially if the borders are inside.
The better result attending this system I attribute
to the constant and free circulation of air among the
leaves and Grapes, resulting in foliage of great
strength and vigour ; and I also believe this treat-
ment results in strengthening and toughening the
skin of the berries (not a desirable object, some may
say), thereby materially assisting it in withstanding
the climatic influences which at this time of the year
are so prejudicial to the keeping of thin-berried
Grapes.

I ought to add that a small amount of fire-heat
is maintained throughout the season with the
exception of the middle of summer for three or four
weeks. This slight heat gives a buoyancy to the air,
assisting a free circulation, and preventing the tem-
perature from becoming too low at any time, which
might encourage the growth of mildew. 0. T. , C.

Peae La Gantoise.
This is a Pear raised in Belgium by M. Narcisse
Gaujard. The leaves are broadly lanceolate, finely
toothed ; the fruit of medium size, regularly Pear-
shaped, with a thick stalk and depressed eye ; skin
green, speckled with brown : flesh white, melting,
juicy, slightly perfumed. Season February — March.
Bulletin d'Arborimlture, October.

which occupy some twenty-two houses on an average
of 80 feet in length.

Asparagus plumosus — grown here lai'gely — is a
very handsome ornamental plant lor the green-
house. We believe, however, it is only propagated
by seed, in this respect being eclipsed by A.
tenuissimus, another very desirable kind grown here,
and which has the additional merit of reproducing
itself freely from cuttings.

A desirable foliage and graceful room plant is
Ophiopogon jaburan aureo-variegatus, a rival to the
well-known Aspidistra, of both of which we saw
excellent examples. The true Dracaena rubra is a
desirable acquisition, and is much in request ; while
as a contrast to the green of the latter may be
mentioned D. Lindeni, perhaps the most distinct,
handsome and striking form introduced since D.
Goldieana. Reineckiacarnea variegata, a subject not
often alluded to, is a very pretty and desirable plant
in the young stage for vase and similar work.

Amongst Ferns, of which there is a select collec-
tion grown, Phlebodium aureum was noted as a sort
that is grown largely, and the fronds are ofthat hardy
texture so invaluable for plants that are in much use.

As we have previously remarked, a fine batch of
Ericas is cultivated here, and in about a fortnight from
hence will be in full flower. The flowers, which are in

rude health, are grown in 32 and 48-sized pots, the
staple sorts grown being the well-known E. hyemalis,
E. cafi'ra, E. gracilis, and a white-flowered form of
E. hyemalis. That the latter possesses merit may
be judged from the fact that it received a First-class
Certificate when exhibited before the Floral Com-
mittee of the Royal Horticultural Society.

Chrysanthemums are grown, not for exhibition,
but for decorative purposes, and contain the best of
the sorts now cultivated, chestnut-reds being the
colours that are most largely in demand. Vigorous
e.-iamples of Eucharis amazonica were a striking
feature.

Outdoors we noted the Irish Ivy in quantity : it
is a climber in much request; Cupressus of sorts,
Euonymus in variety, of which E. ovatus aureus
and E. aureus pictus were seen in quantity, being
mucli employed for filling window-boxes. A graceful
and symmetrically grown example of Abies lasio-
carpa was observed, and Pinus Bungeana was notice-
able, as it is said to be one of the finest examples of
the kind in the country (figured p. 9, vol. xviii.). £,

KILNSIDE, PAISLEY.

KiLNSiDE is the residence of Mr. Stewart Clark,
one of the partners of the Anchor Thread Works— a
branch of industry which is carried on witli great
activity and success in Paisley. Notwithstanding
that public works of vast extent, witli the correspond-
ing emission of smoke from hundreds of chimneys,
are against the wellbeing of plants, by skill and
attention they can be grown to compare favourably
with those in a purer atmosphere. This particu-
larly applies to Orchids. That division of plants
seems to go along well in about the worst of town
climates. True, the inflorescence may not stand out
so long, but so far as the health and appearance of
the plants go there is nothing to complain of. The
Orchids here are exceptionally good. One span-
roofed detached house cut across the middle by divi-
sions about 7- ft^et long and 12 feet wide, is filled with
cool plants in one half, and tropical plants in the other.
The Odontoglossums are in superb health, crowded
together and plunged np to the rim of the pots in
growing sphagnum. This keeps up a general moisture
suited to Odontoglot life ; and the great pseudobulbs,
the broad healthy ruby-surfaced leaves rustling to the
touch, like a piece of good silk, at once point to
sturdy constitution. As inmost places 0. Alexandras
forms the chief batch, with Pescatorei coming next,
then triumphans Halli, and all the rarer sorts. In
the centre were some excellent masses of Cypripe-
diums Boxallii and villosum, which Mr. Henderson^
the gardener, finds to do best cool grown in summer,
The same remark applies to Cattleya citrina, Odon-
toglossum citrosmum, than which for size of bulb and
general condition nothing could be finer ; and even
great masses of Ccelogyne cristata, which is grown
here in masses for cutting, and some forced on and
some retarded — all doing excellently.

The Cattleya-house adjoining is full of plants in
extra fine condition. As every one knows Cattleyas
do not seem to be so generally well cultivated as the
cooler section of Orchids, principally because of the
extra heat bringing with it shoals of insects, and
particularly those ubiquitous little red thrips tliat
play so much havoc among them. By careful
washing and repeated fumigations this enemy has
never gained a supremacy here, and, so far as we
could see, has scarcely had a foothold. Another
thing, the plants are not overpotted. Such masses
in exuberant health of C. Mendelii, Mossiai. gigas,
imperialis. Triana^, and the Warscewicz section, as
well as Eldorado, and several of the smaller growing
species, one does not often see. Each bulb seems to
eclipse its older fellow, and the leaves are broad,
succulent-looking, and glossy, with abundance of
sheaths forming and formed. Lcelias, too, are equally
goi)d, and so are the grand massive-like species of
Cvnibidiums Lowianum and giganteum and ebur-
neura. Dendrobium thyrsiflorum is also largely
grown, and what a magnificent species this is ! —
scarcely a bad fellow among the lot. Here also are

654

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEE 2fl, 1887.

gi-and lumps of Odoutoglossum grandc, growing iu
this hot climate— possibly to force into flower,
ns it is not likely to be wintered here ; also 0.
Phalasnopsis in pots, doing fully as well as one sees
them generally. This is a miffy Orchid, but one of
the most beautiful, which may yet be relegated with
vexillarium to the Miltonia division.

Further alon,g, in detached houses behind the
vineries, are great Gleichenias, and alongside of
them quite a grand group of Coelogyne cristata for
early flowering. Some of these are in tubs 40 to
48 inches in diameter ; these plants must yield a
large crop of flowers. Growing with them is a
batch of Laslia autumnalis, which is one of the best
for winter-cut flowers we have, and a goodly lot of
Miltonia vexiUaria, comparatively free from thrips.
In the Camellia-house are some capital plants,
studded with bloom-buds, mainly pushed for early
cutting, of course resting now preparatory to the
evolution of the flowers.

The new range is in juxtaposition to the house,
and comprises three houses, the centre one, hy
which an entrance is gained, being 30 by 20 feet,
and on either side one 40 by 14 feet. These are
quite full, chiefly of specimen plants, which are now
by far the finest in the West of Scotland. It is
quite delightful to see such splendid masses of Pan ■
cratium corymbosum and ovatum in 34-inch pots, with
leaves crowding together, and covering at least twice
that diameter. The flower-umbels which these bulbs
produce serve excellently for contributing to the
large amount of decoration which is expected of the
head gardener here ; and then the grand plants of
Ixora jav.anica, I. coccinea, I. Williamsii and others,
clean and beautiful, command at once attention.
The Palms and Ferns, particularly Davallia Mooreana
— than which there is nothing ttner for a specimen
plant, and which is a flt reminder of the late Thomas
Moore— is in perfection here ; and so are Anthuriums,
in large plants and in fine varieties, as well as
Maidenhair Ferns in abundance. Orchids of the
finer kinds, such as some of the white Loelia anceps,
as also L. elegans and Dendrobium Wardianum,
are suspended from the roof— and such Wardi-
anums, too, as one could like to take away. Limited
basket S]iace seems to suit this fellow, and no trifling
with it in the way of " keeping back " or resting it
too mnch.

No. 2 house is filled with Ericas, Azaleas, and the
rarer pot Rhododendrons. The Heaths here are in
splendid condition ; Marnockiana will be quite
4 feet in diameter, and as healthy as one could make
it. There are several of them not quite so large as
that, but following closely on its heels ; and so is
Aitonia, TurnbuUii, Austiniana, and all the best of
the late Mr. TurnbuU's autumn Heaths, not in puny,
but in large specimen plants. Among the best of
the others is the useful ^lacnabiana, named after the
father of the late James McNab ; and retorta major,
as well as Shannoni, and the grand, large-flowered
obbata ; these all, bear in mind, in the best of
order, in the smoky climate of suburban Paisley.
Azaleas are in grand pyramids, Duchess of Nassau,
Vesuvius, Stella, and so on, forming the chief.
About the best, if not the best, plant of Rhododen-
dron Countess of Haddington is here. It is a perfect
cone, which one requires to look up to like a monu-
ment in a cemetery ; and so is Dalhousianum and
several others of the fragrant breed.

No. ." house is chiefly devoted to foliage plants,
Ferns, and Orchids, from tropical climes. In this, as
in every other department, cultural skill of an A 1
class is app.arent. Pitcher-plants are doing well, and
so are I'hal.-cnopsis in this sweltering climate ; and
Dendrobium Dalhousieanum, with gi-and bulbs.
The larger specimens of this Orchid are mostly
grown in baskets, and suspended. Aerides and the
Harrison breed of Saccolabiums do beautifully here,
and indeed all the tropical Orchids. There is a
wealth of foliage below that holds and gives ofT
moisture in the most natural way possible, which
Beems to be exceedingly pleasing to the epiphytal
Orchids.
The conservatory adjoining tlie house is a spacious

one, and is kept up at considerable expense. It is
alw.ays bright with flowers. Its tesselated pas-
sages form the groundwork for designs in flowers and
foliage. The permanent stuff about it is chiefly all
the best forms of Kentias, and they are nobly grown
and noble to look upon. Virgin cork is used for
bracing up the plants that adorn or spring from the
walls, and form an all-round tablet for relays of
flowering plants from the other houses.

The grounds are limited in extent, but everything
is well done, reflecting the greatest credit on Mr.
Clark's head gardener, Mr. Allan Henderson. A.

Foreign Correspondence.

THE LILY OF THE VALLEY.
From year to year German growers of Lily of the
Valley are pressed by English buyers to send the
roots over by the middle of October and even earlier.
Those who nse crowns taken up so early do not
think that the largest part of the losses incurred
in the early forcing of such roots is caused mainly
by this early lifting. Wholesale growers are there-
fore often obliged to begin the sale of crowns in the
first week of October, so as to be enabled to overtake
their eng.agements ; and there is no doubt that at
this period the roots are not sufficiently ripened to
endure without much injury transport to long dis-
tances and storage afterwards, the roots suffering in
vitality ; as a consequence the grower, the merchant,
and those who buy them lose money. It would, there-
fore be much better if no buyer of Lily of the Valley
would order his roots before November 1, or about
that time. Many claims and disagreements would
thus be avoided. Dutch bulb growers cannot furnish
their customers with bulbs before they are suf-
ficiently dried, and German Lily of the Valley
growers cannot supply Lily crowns of good quality
before the roots are matured. Ch.

PLANT PORTRAITS.

Aerides Fieldingi, Illustration Horticole, t. 97.

Aerides Godefroyan'DM, Orchiduphile, August.

BoRONiA HETEROPHYLLA, Garden, November 12.

Cattleya Gaskelliana, ifsi'«e de I' Horticulture
Beige, September.

Epidendrom amabile, Orchidophile, October. — A
species with large flowers, segments lilac, lip purple.

EPIPHYLLUM RuSSELLIANDM GaRTNEKI, HcVUC Hor-

ticole, November 16. — Flowers orange - carmine.
Brazil.

HoDLLETiA ODORATissijiA, Orckidopkile, September.

Leucoium autumnale, Garten Flora, October 15.

Miltonia spectabilis Mobeliana, Beinie de I'Hor-
tioiiHurc Belr/c, October.

Peach Pboskau, Garten Flora, October 15, t. 1259.

Pear, Belle Epine du Mas, Bulletin d' Arboriculture,
September.

Pronds Pissardi, Garden, September 10.

Rhododendron kamtschaticum, Garten Flora, t.
12ti0. — Dwarf, flowers rosy-crimson.

Rhododendron virgatdm. Hook, f., Garten Flora,
September 15.

SciLLA LiNGULATA, Garten Flora, October 15.

Forestry.

Eartiiino-dp Tree Stems. — Where there is a
quantity of surplus soil to dispose of, the practice
frequently adopted is to place it in mounds around
the stems of specimen standard trees — a ])roceeding
that cannot be too strongly condemned. By this it
must not, however, be inferred that the timely appli-
cation of a slight quantity of surface-dressing is at
all injurious to trees and shrubs, far from it, it is
highly beneficial. What we object to is the con-
veying of soil or [rubbish, so as to save time and
expense, into the adjoining woods, or around the
stems of standard trees in fields or parks, where it is
levelled over ^ud perhaps sown down with grass

seeds, no more being thought of the matter until
these trees, from their sickly appearance, show that
something is wrong. A very remarkable instance
of this kind came under my notice but a short time
ago, and in which not a solitary specimen, but
dozens of trees were killed outright by burying
up their stems with earth removed from an ad-
joining cutting. The kinds of trees that sutt'ered
most were Birch, Alder, and Larch, and although
these were covered with little more than 3 feet of
soil, yet in a few months unmistakable signs of weak-
ness set in, and in less than two years every specimen
had succumbed. Where it is. as it were, compulsory
to place earth around the stems of trees, a cavity
should be left around each, and down to the old
ground-level, this to a great extent minimising the
evil, although by no means doing away with it per-
manently. Tlie natural porosity of the surface soil
must not be done away with by heaping wholesale
quantities of earth over the tree roots, else whole-
sale destruction of the trees will likewise follow, and
that, too. in a very short period of time.

The Elderasa Nurse Tree. — The Elder must be classed
as a neglected British tree, for certainly no other with
which we are acquainted is so despised for its general
inutility, although valued for its ornamental quali-
ties, but this latter more particularly in the cut-
leaved and variegated forms. No tree with which
we have had to do is so valuable as this one for
planting in wind-swept districts ; none succeeds
better ; few can stand out against the noxious fumes
and poisonous gases of our large manufacturing
cities ; while none is less fastidious about soil, or
increases naturally in such abundance.

As a game covert plant the Elder is not by any
means valueless, for in a young state it grows thick
and strong, while, when old and scraggy, it may be
made of great value by cutting over near the ground-
level, when numerous shoots will be sent out during
the following spring. Both the flowers and berries
are valued in the production of a palatable wine,
while the wood, when it acquires age, is much in
demand for rules, scales of thermometers, &c. A. D.
Webster.

The Orchid Houses.

TuE usual cleaning of the various houses should
now be pushed forward, and the pots and plants
cleaned before rearrangement is begun. Plants in
the warm divisions are safer during winter if placed
at not less than 18 inches from the roof. Soon after
plants of Cattleya Warneri have started into growth
they should be examined, and if necessary repotted,
or if still inside the rim of the pot, pick out the old
peat and moss and top-dress with new materials.
When potting or top-dressing Cattleyas, or La;Iias
carefully examine underueath the rhizomes, and see
that no white scale is present ; this will save much
labour afterwards. La^lia grandis and L. xanthina
may be termed winter-growing species, and should
occupy the warmest part of the Cattleya-house in
company with C. Warneri. Although these two
Lffilias commence growing about the same time,
they have alw.ays flowered here at different seasons,
the former in May, and the latter about September.
Some people have thought these are merely varieties,
one of the other, but there is a wide difference in
the appearance of the flowers, as might be seen by
comparing plates 23 and 123 in the Orchid Allium.
Any newly potted Cattleviis or Lajlias should be
carefully watered ; a mere damping of the surface of
the compost will be sufficient for some time.

We have grown and flowered Oncidium Jones-
ianum in the Phahcnopsis-house, but have now
placed it iu a rather cooler temperature where it
will remain until the spring. The growing season
having commenced with most of the Pleiones, these
should be examined after the flowers have faded, top-
dressing where found necessary, putting some half-
rotten Oak leaves broken rather small with the
sphagnum .and fibrous peat employed. I have always
found these to grow best when suspended near the
roof of an intermediate-house; and some which were
placed in an East Indian-house for the flrst few
weeks after potting never grew so strong as those
that were started in the cooler temperature from the
first. Until the new growths are well rooted water
very sparingly, just enough to keep the compost
moist. P. hnmiiis will now be resting and will re-
quire sufficient water to prevent shrivelling.

After Odontoglossum grande and 0. Insleayi
have made their growths and flowered, very little
water should be giveu until new growth qommenQes.

NovEOTEB 26, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEES' GEEONICLE.

G55

If desirous of having a succession of Coalop^ne
ci'istata flowers select from the early flowering
varieties the most forward plants and place them in
the lightest part of the East Indian-house, but care
should be taken to prevent water from falling upon
the flower-spikes. The night temperatures during
severe frost or snow-storms might be allowed to
fall to the following figures : — Phaltenopsis-house
63°, East Indian-house 60°, Cattleya-house 58°,
cool-house 47°. C. Woolford, Downside, Lcathcrhcad.

The Flower Garden.

Herbaceous Beds and Borders. — These parts of
tlie garden should now be trimmed up, removing the
old flowLT-stems, but not cutting those too close to
the crowns, as they are of use in keeping a few leaves
about the crown of the plant, and thus afford pro-
tection from frost, and especially valuable to the
Lilies. The decayed fronds should now be removed
from the plants in the hardy fernery, and the whole
place made tidy for the winter. Alpines on the
rockery should also be seen to, and all decayed
flower-stems and leaves removed. Where the plants
are growing on ledges of stone, they are liable to
have the soil washed from their roots by heavy
rains, and where this has taken place some fresh soil
should be afforded the plants. Air the alpine pits on
all favourable occaasion, and guard against damp ;
also see that none of the plants are standing under a
drip, and any plant which appears to be wet should
be turned over on its side until the moisture has
drained away sufficiently.

Bulbs, tfc, — Lxias, Sparaxis, &c.,may be potted five
to six bulbs in a 5-inch pot, and kept plunged in ashes
in a cold frame till February, when they can be brought
into liower in the greenhouse if so desired. Give
little water at first, until the plants are furnished with
roots ; remove the sashes on all favourable occasions.
These pretty bulbous plants may also be successfully
cultivated out-of-doors in warm situations, such as
at the foot of a south wall or in front of a hothouse.
The soil should be light loam, and good drainage
must be afforded ; keep the beds elevated above the
surrounding surface. Hoops and mats should be
used for protection against heavy rains and frosts.
If properly attended to, and not disturbed, such
beds will bloom well for several years. Tritonia
aurea, or Crocosma aurea, will not, however, suc-
ceed under the above treatment, but as soon as
the corms are formed, which is generally about the
first week in November, they are better lifted and
potted in peaty soil, three to four in a 5-inch
pot, keeping them under protection until all danger
from frost is over, when they can be planted out in a
peat bed. Thus treated, they will bloom in August
and September ; care must be taken, however, that
the plants do not suffer for want of water while
under glass.

Protection should now be afforded Alstro:?merias,
AVitsenias, Japan Lilies, and other tender bulbs in
the open air, by covering the beds with a good depth
of dry leaves or other light material. Place a good
mulch of cocoa-nut fibre over beds of Hyacinths,
Tulips, and other Dutch bulbs. If not already done,
Dahlia roots should be lifted and stored, securing
the labels with a piece of wire to each root; allow
the tubers to dry a little, prior to covering them
over with leaf-mould or old potting-shed soil, and
eee that they are secured from frost. Wm. j\I. Baillic,
Luton Hoo.

Plants and Their Culture.

Chrysanthemoti Cdttikgs. — The cultivator of the
Chrysanthemum has no relaxation from his labour,
for, by the time the late varieties are in perfection
many of the earlier kinds have growth in perfect
condition for propagation, and it is not good practice
to defer attending to them, although creditable
plants may be obtained from ffood cuttings taken as
late as February or March. Plants are usually most
satisfactory when raised without the assistance of
artificial heat, in a cool frame for instance. My mode
of treatment is to insert the cuttings singly in small
60 pots, filled with fine sandy soil, plunging the pots
in fine coal ashes placed in a shallow frame, which
should be elevated upon a bed in a house where
artificial warmth is only employed to exclude frost.
Under this method cuttings take a considerable time
to root, but it is always attended with good results.

Tlie Forcing House.— In order to keep up a display
of flowering plants it will be necessary to introduce
into the forcing-house batches of plants specially
prepared for this purpose. The plants to be forced
may consist of Azaleas, Deutsche Perle, Fielder's
White, or other sorts of Azalea indica having
prominent buds, and that were forced last year. Of
Deutzia gracilis preference should likewise be given
to plants that were forced last season. Roman
Hyacinths are very easily brought into blossom,
and are valuable alike either as pot plants or for
cutting. Some pots of early Tulips and Polyanthus
Narcissus may also be started, with a few Lily
of the Valley and Spiraea japonica, for the
sake of having some early blossoms. A por-
tion of the stock of Callas may also be placed
in heat — they will prove grand subjects for the
conservatory. Plants of the Christmas Rose
that are in pots should be kept in a light green-
house where their blossoms w"ill expand and be more
pure than those produced by plants which are in
open quarters. The best pots I ever saw were grown
by a gardener in Surrey, who grew the plants upon a
sunny border until well established, when they were
lifted early in the autumn and potted, and subse-
quently brought into blossom in an ordinary green-
house. In spring they were again planted out, and
repotted when they had regained vigour. A growing
humid temperature should be maintained in the
forcing house, and if practicable a bed of warm
leaves will be found of benefit either to plunge the
plants in or stand them upon, but as soon as their
flowers expand the plants should have a situation
in a more buoyant atmosphere, so that they may
be preserved some time in good condition. 2'.
Coombcr, Hcndre Gardens.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

PRUNING AND TEAINING.

MoKELLo Cheehies. — These fruits should be the
first to receive attention where there are a large
number of trees, the work requiring a great deal of
time to complete it, and which cannot be expeditiously
performed in the depth of winter. The pruning of
the trees consists of thinning out some of the
older branches, and laying in a sufficient quantity of
the young wood to properly furnish the trees. In
training them it is absolutely necessary that the
whole of the trees be unf:istened from the wall, so
as to allow of the proper regulation of the branches.
Cast-iron nails of an inch in length are the best for
nailing, and for wired walls fine twine is the most
suitable material for tying purposes.

Bush Fruit. — The pruning of these should be com-
menced as soon as all vacancies are made good in tlie
plantations — beginning with Gooseberries and Cur-
rants, except in districts where birds abound, and
therefore liable to destroy the buds of the Goose-
berries ; in that case it would be well to delay the
pruning of them till spring. In pruning the Goose-
berry, the crossing and over-crowding of branches
should be avoided, keeping the centre of the
bushes well opened out, removing some few of the
older branches, and leaving sufficient young growth
to replace them. Young bushes will require but
little pruning excepting a little thinning, and shorten-
ing of their branches to balance the trees. In
pruning red and white'Currants, thin out the wood to
ensure a free admission of air and light; in this case
also leave as much 'young wood as practicable, re-
moving an equal quantity of old, as far better fruit
is grown on this extension system than spurring in
to the old wood continually, of course all lateral
growths must be spurred in closely. Black
Currants are not pruned on the spur system, but
some of the wood should be cut out annually, leaving
young growth to take its place. As the work pro-
ceeds save sufficient of the strongest of the shoots
for cuttings, according to requirements, and tie up
in bunches, properlv label, and put the butt-ends of
the same into the ground, till time and opportunity
permit of their preparation. E. Ward, Hcwell, Smm-
i/rove.

the Cucumber-house. Durmg the coldest nights,
where the desired degree of heat cannot be obtained,
a covering of mats or other material should be put
on the house or pit; by this means securing genial
growing temperature within. Cucumbers, like other
plants, while fruiting, should be afforded a liberal
treatment, and which will be found to give the best
results during the winter and spring months ; hence
the good eftect of copious supplies of weak tepid
liquid-manure at the roots at frequent intervals, for
by this time it may be assumed that the bed, boxes,
or pits in which plants raised at the end of August
are growing are well filled with roots, and this being
tlie case — the drainage being perfect — and tlie plants
making growth freely, there need be no fear of
watering them in excess, provided the bottom-heat
ranges from 75° to 85°. Such plants will be disposed
to fruit freely, but they should not be over-cropped
during the next month, therefore remove all
superfluous fruits as soon as tliey appear, leaving
only a sufficient number in various stages of growtli
to keep up the supply. The fruits should be cut
before they become too large, and be kept fresh in a
cool room until wanted. Keep a night temperature
of from 65° to 70°, according as the weather is cold
or mild, and 5° higher by day with fire-heat, running
it up 10° or 1.5° with sun-heat at closing time, which
ought to be about 1 p.m., at which time, as well as ia
the morning, the plants and the house generally
should be damped with water at the same tempera-
ture as that of the house. Put a little air on at bottom
and top of the house as soon as the thermometer
registers 75° on bright sunny mornings, afterwards
increasing and decreasing the quantity given between
then and closing time, according to the rise and fall
of the internal temperature, so as to induce the plants
to make a sturdy growth. Plants which bore fruit
during the autumn will be benefited by having the
loose surface-soil removed from the beds, re- '
placing it with warmed fresh material. The stop-
jiing and thin training of the shoots should be per-
formed at short intervals, old shoots being cut away
to make room for young ones. Aphides must be
destroyed by fumigation on two or three evenings in
succession, airing somewhat freely the succeeding
day. Mildew can be kept in check by dusting over
the affected parts while damp with the flowers
of sulpiiur, and afterwards maintain a warmer and
less humid atmosphere. //. iV. Ward, Longford
Casllc.

The Kitchen Garden.

Fruits Under Glass.

Cucumbers. —In consequence of the severity of the
weather recently, hard firing has been necessary, so
that a growing temperature might be maintained iu

Globe Artichokes. — For protection against
severe frosts some light material should be placed
around the base of the leaves, having first removed
the old flower-stem and any dead leaves. Some portion
of the permanent crowns of Rhubarb outside may
now be prepared for starting, selecting for tlie
purpose some early variety, and strong vigorous
plants of from three to four years old. These should
be covered with the Rhubarb-pots, casks, or boxes,
with space and headroom sufiicient to allow of the
full development of the leaf-stalk ; prepared fer-
menting material, consisting of stable litter and
leaves, should then be placed in and around them in
bulk sufficient to create a steady warmth offrom90°to
100°, adding thereto some fresh material as required,
to maintain the necessary degree of warmth. When
growth has commenced a little air should be admitted,
to allow of any rank steam escaping, and also to en-
sure the better flavour of the produce.

The Frame Grojind. — Material should be got
together in readiness for making up hotheds ; fresh
litter from the stables, and good Oak or Btech leaves
well mixed and turned before using, are most suit-
able for the purpose, and will be improved by being
prepared beforehand. Cold frames containing Let-
tuces, Endive, Cauliflower, and the like, should be
made impervious to frost by lining the outsides with
some kind of litter, or by banking the soil up around
them; extra coverings in severe frosts will also be
necessary on the glass, and in this event great care
must be exercised in removal of the coverings, and
also in admitting air. It is very essential, in the
absence of frost, that all such frames should be freely
ventilated ; the plants also must be looked over
frequently, and all decaj'ed matter removed, the
surface of the soli between them being stirred, to
keep it in a fresh and sweet condition. Any appear-
ance of mildew amongst Cauliflower plants should
be at once checked by light dustinsjs of flowers of
sulphur. J. Austen, \Yitley Court.

656

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[NOVEMBEE 20, 1887.

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position in t]ie paper he yuaran-
teed for advertisements occupyiny less space
than an entire column.

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'T'SE GA]ll)EXi:i!S' CHRONICLE
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delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellinyton Street,
Strand, W.C.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
NOTICE tn Cnrrrsj,,„„I,;,f.<, A,l,-vrfi,crs. .S,,/,-
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for Forciyn and Inland J'eleqrams is
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J HE aARDENERS^ CHRONICLE,
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n^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

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Agent for America:— C. H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street,
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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETING.

THURSDAY, Dec. l-Linnean Society.

SHOWS.

('Eilinburgh Chrysanthemum (two

e & Morris'

Greenhouse Plants, at the Nursery,
Temple Mills Lane. Stratfonl, E.,
bv Messrs. Protheroe & Morris.

Orchids in Flower, and also Im-
ported, at Protheroe & Morris'
Kooms,

Roses, Plants, Bulbs, &c., at the
City Auction Rooms, Grace-
church Street, by Messrs. Pro-
. theroe Sl Morris.
■ Importation of Lilies, Tuberoses,
and other BuUjs, at Protheroe &
Morris" Rooms.

Bulbs of Lilium auratum and
African Tuberoses, at Stevens'
Rooms.
^ Roses, Dielytras, Lily of the Valley,

WEDNESD.4.Y, Nov. 30<

, at Stevens' Rooms.

T^^„ 1 ( Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
"^c.l-^ Rooms.

m-n o ) Im]K)rted and Established Orchids,
'''-'-• "X at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

("Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
„■ ,) Rooms.
UV.C. J< [jj,5|.j^ Dielytras. Lily of tho Valley,

(. &c., at Stevens' Rooms.

The principal exhibitions of Chry-
Chrysan le- santhemums for the .season are

mums new and

old now o\'er, so that it may not be un-

profitable to make some comment
upon them. As exhibitions they have laclied
nothing in interest and attractiveness, although
in some casej the quality of the exhibits has not
lieen up to the average. This cannot be said to
be owing to any lack of interest, either in the
cultivated plants or in the exhibitions them-
selves ; it is owing solely to the season. On all
sides it is admitted that this has not been a good
Chrysanthemum year. Tn the early part of the
year the weather was cold, and altogether
unsuitable. By-and-bye the change came to

excessive heat, and development was too rapid ;
the stems seemed to harden or ripen off before
their time, and yet the bloom was not at all
early.

Perhaps there are none of our garden favour-
ites more easily cultivated than this, and being
so hardy they do better out-of-doors during the
season of growth than inside a glasshouse of
any kind. The plants are also very cheap ; none
can be more easily purchased. The Chrysanthe-
mvim is thus essentially an amateur's flower, and
it was pleasing to witness the delight of an
amateur at a recent exhibition. He had taken
a second prize in a good competition, and was
dilating on the various points in his group, when
the remark was made that he was not far from
being first ; nevertheless ho was quite satisfied
with second honours, as he had grown all his
plants during his spare hours, and his opponent
was a gardener with two or three under gardeners
to assist.

The Chrysanthemum is, therefore, specially
valuable because it can be grown by anybody,
and it is quite indispensable as an ornament to
our greenhouses and rooms during three months
in the year. Those of us who have attended the
exhibitions near London during the last twenty-
five years must acknowledge the marvellous
improvement that has taken place in them, and
the greater variety introduced owing to the rapid
improvement in the Japanese section. It is rather
singular that nothing whatever is being done to
improve the large incurved varieties, while the
Japanese varieties are being sent out by hundreds.
This seems to show that the extreme formality of
the incurved varieties is as offensive to the taste
of some people as is the ugly contour of the
Dahlia. Except that some " sports " from the
older varieties have been obtained, we are just
where we were when Mr. John Salter's nursery
was swallowed up about fifteen years ago by the
metropolitan improvements. At that time the
Japanese were scarcely thought of as exhibition
plants, now they are much more important than
the incurved section ; and as the variety of form
cannot be restrained by any rules, the field of
operations may almost be said to be illimitable.
The old-fashioned florist will look askance at
flowers that present none of the " properties " on
which he lays so much stress, but the popular
verdict is shown, amongst other things, by the
fact that there are something like a hundred
new varieties of .Tapanese origin sent out every
year, mostly of Continental raising ; this last
season the new varieties sent out were consider-
ably over that number. It may be owing to the
peculiarity of the season that these novelties are
so very disappointing ; it cannot, indeed, be sup-
posed that a tenth part of them are worth adding
to the list of good varieties already in cultiva-
tion. They are already so very numerous that
only those varieties of a distinct character, and
which possess considerable merit as beautiful
objects in the greenhouse or for cutting, should
be admitted.

Messrs. Cannkll. & Sons, of Swanley, im-
ported last year a number direct from Japan ;
amongst them were some of a very distinct
character, possessing great merit in the form of
the flowers, and in their rich and brilliant colours.
Perhaps the best of them is Edwin Molyneux,
The flowers at their best are of the largest size,
the petals broad, spreading outwards, and incurved
at the tips, the colour deep crimson internally, the
outer surface bronzy-yellow. Charles Orchard
has also broad petals, and is nearly similar in
form ; the colour is orange-red, with yellow
tips to the petals, which .also incurve at that
part. Henry Cannell will certainly bi' an im-

provement among the yellow varieties. It was
not developed at Kingston, and failed to obtain a
certificate. The petals are incurved and twisted ;
it is best described as between Grandiflorum and
Thunberg. The pure white variety JIdlle. La-
croix, is well known ; so also is Elaine, which has
held a leading place for fifteen years. Mrs. J.
Wright is of the Mdlle. Lacroix type, with rather
broader petals, and the white is not exactly the
same ; it may be superior to it in some respects.
It is a seedling raised by Messrs. Laing, of
Stanstead Park, Forest Hill. One may con-
fidently predict that the two pure white varieties,
Mrs. Cannell and Lady Lawrence, will take leading
positions. The last-named has the broadest
petals of any white Japanese : they are pure
ivory-white and incurved. In Mrs. Cannell
the outer petals are narrow ; the centre ones
broad and incurved. Lady Cave is also pure
white, the florets very narrow and forming a ball ;
Mr. H. Williams, white with the petals occasion-
ally striped.

Edouard Audigier will also prove an excellent
addition ; the flowers are of the largest size, full,
and of a rich purple colour ; the florets are long,
twisted, and a few of them incurve in the centre.
JIaoaulay is very distinct, the flowers of a bronzy-
yellow colour, the petals curled and fringed at
the tips, forming a flower like a small neat plant
of curled Parsley. Marie Ouvray, another dis-
tinct variety, has deep violet-purple flowers with
long straight petals. All the above Japanese
varieties will probably be worth adding to the
most select collections. It would be a red-letter
year in the florists' calendar could such a list of
incurved varieties be recorded.

The groups of plants arranged to fill a given
.space have been greatly improved during the last
few years. The quality of the flowers is good,
and the arrangement much better. The im-
portance of giving prizes for plants naturally
grown was urged some time since by Mr.
DouGL-AS, and this we are pleased to see has been
carried out at some exhibitions, and nowhere
better than at a recent exhibition held at Tun-
bridge Wells, where the six plants that gained
the first prize were wonderful examples of good
cultivation. They were about a yard high, fur-
nished with leaves to the base, the stems trained
out without any twisting, and well furnished
with full-sized flowers. The second prize collec-
tion in this class was also highly meritorious, but
the cultivator had failed to keep his plants so
dwarf as the grower of the first prize had.

On referring to the schedule of the National
Chrysanthemum Society, it will be seen that all
the open classes for a specified number of plants
are for "trained" specimens. Those who grow
plants for exhibition may take this to mean that
the plants should be trained all in one way ;
that is, the shoots crossed and twisted over each
other, and the flowers dotted over the surface,
like pins in a cushion. This is unfortunately
what most cultivators of specimen plants under-
stand by the word trained. It would be better
not to use the word at all, but to say simply,
" six specimens of large-flowered Chrysanthe-
mums." A grower might not be aware that
placing sticks to the upright steins meant train-
ing, and would perhaps be afraid to exhibit his
plants in that fashion.

Messrs. John Laino & Sons have made quite a
new departure in the culture of plants intended to
produce about three blooms on each. They were
grown for the purpose of producing large exhi-
bition blooms, and this they did with great
success. Most of the plants ranged from 2 to
3 feet in height, and a large group of them
exhibited at the lioyal Aquariiun attracted con-

<^,

vl??

o.

KovEniDEii 26, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE.

,657'

siderable attention. If prizes were offered for
groups of plants trained in this way, and the
maximum height were fixed at 3 feet, there is no
doubt that in this respect something like a
revolution would be effected. In a large garden
in the Midland Counties lately visited the aver-
age height of the plants was S feet. ilr. Laixg's
plants, we are told, were cut over in June,
down to about 6 inches from the surface of the
soil in the pot. AVhen they had again started
into growth they were repotted into the pots in
which they had to produce their flowers.

Where one person grow.s flowers for exhibition,
ten at least grow them for their own pleasure at
home, but nevertheless would like to have flowers
in their own garden such as they see at exhi-
bitions. (!)ne drawback to this has been the im-
mense height of the plants. It must be good
news to such persons to be informed that, by a
slightly different course of treatment, the plants
may be produced jj^feet high instead of G or 'J
feet. Mr. Herbst, of Kichmond, was, we be-
lieve, the first to suggest giving prizes for
groups of Chrysanthemmns trained to stems
about 2 or 3 feet high.

Royal Horticultural Society.— \Ve have

been requested to publish the following note : —

" At the meeting of tlie Council of the Eoyal
Horticultural Society on the 8th inst., an informal
otfer from the Royal Commissioners of the 1851
Exhibition, to let the gardens and conservatory at
South Kensington to the Society at a ' guaranteed ' rent
or£1000ayear, was discussed. The Council felt that on
financial grounds it was impossible for them to accept
the ofi*er, as the cost of maintenance, with rates and
taxes, would amount to at least another £1000,
making an expenditure of £2000 a year for Soutli
Kensington alone, without counting office charges,
or the cost of Chiswick Gardens. It was also decided
that no advautage could accrue to the Society from
the continuance of negotiations of which the end
could only be delay and disappointment. The Council
decided to issue forthwith an appeal on behalf of the
Society to tlie horticultural public of the kingdom.
The terms and conditions of this appeal were dis-
cussed and settle.l generally. Subsequent to the
meeting Colonel E. Trevor-Claeke and Major F.
Masos resigned their places on the Council, and Mr.
William Haughtok gave notice that he should
resign at the end of the year ; these gentlemen
having been in favour of continuing the connection
of the Society with South Kensington and the Royal
Commissioners of the 1851 E.xhibition. The Council
will not take any steps to fill these vacancies without
consulting the Fellows."

Official Government Notices. —We are

desired to publish the following official notices :—
Fruit-Drying Apparatds.

" Agricultural Department. Privy Council Office,
44, Parliament Street, Westminster, S.W.,

November 17, 1887.

" Sir, — 1 am directed by the Lords of the Com-
mittee of Council for Agriculture to transmit a pro-
gramme of the Exhibition of the Fruit-drj'ing Industry
to be held at Portici, Italy, in September, 1888, their
Lordships being desirous that the contents of the
programme should be known to such persons and
Associations in this country as are likely to be in-
terested in this Exhibition, and with a view of giving
a stimulus to the industry of fruit drying in Great
Britain, which is much behind that of other coun-
tries, and in consequence enormous waste of fruit is
entailed. I may mention that the value of the
money prizes mentioned in Article 6 of the pro-
gramme, viz., 500 lire and 200 lire, would, in English
money, be equivalent to about £19 16^. and £7 18s,
— 1 am. Sir. your obedient servant. C. L. Peel.

" The Editor of the Gardeners' Chronule."

The exhibition, we may add, will be continued from
September 15 to October 15, and is open to exhibitors
of all nationalities, and will be devoted to fruit-dry-
ing machines shown in action. Railway facilities are
offered to exhibitors. Applications to exhibit should

be sent to the Committee before July 31, 1888. De-
tailed descriptions, drawings, statements as to the
nature and cost of fuel employed, amount of the work
eft'ected in twenty-four hours, and other desirable
information, must be furnished by the exhibitors.

PaVLLOXERA IN WuHTEjrBURG.

" British Legation, Stutgart,

" November 17, 1887.

" My Lord, — I have the honour to report that the
Phylloxera has made its appearance iu this province.
A focus of infection seems to have established itself
at Neckarweitingen, some three or four years ago,
and to have spread over several vineyards. This
disease was not recognised till quite lately to be the
true Phylloxera vastatrix.

"Immediate measures were taken, under the per-
sonal direction of the Home Minister, to extirpate it
thoroughly. Some twenty-five soldiers and thirty
labourers were employed for the purpose. The
diseased and all adjoining plants within a distance
of 3 metres were dug up and burned. The ground
was then saturated with petroleum and sulphuric
acid. It is not to be re]jlanted with Vines before
the expiration of five years. The Treasury has
assumed the cost of disinfection and compensation,
amounting to about £20(10. These expenses will,
however, be chargeable to the empire, by the law of
January 9, 1875. Henceforward permanent commis-
sions are to be appointed in the Vine growing dis-
tricts, for the special purpose of guarding against the
propagation of this insect. — I have the honour to be,
with the highest respect, my lord, your lordships
most obedient, humble servant, H. Barron. — To tlie
Right Hon. the Marquis of S.iLismrRT, K.G."

Rose Madame G. Bruant.— At a recent meet-
ing of the Society Nationale d'Horticulture of Paris,
M. Brdant exhibited a Rose which presented fea-
tures of special interest. It is of hybrid origin,
having been raised by the pollen of the Tea Rose
Sombreuil out of the Japanese Rosa rugosa. The
Rose in question, as might have been expected,
differs from any Rose known in cultivation. It is
described as a shrub of extraordinary vigour, which
is always growing and always covered with
trusses of large semi-double white fragrant flowers.
It is the Rose which flowers earliest and is
the last to show bloom. The bud is elon-
gated, and will certainly be appreciated bv the
bouquet-makers. It strikes from cuttings and forces
well, but does not produce seed, so that any further
variation in this direction will have to be done by
re-crossing. We take these particulars from the
official record of the Society, but for which we might
have felt the scepticism engendered by the perusal of
the description of Rose novelties iu commercial
catalogues. As it is, it seems that we have in
Madame Bruant a rival to Gloire de Dijon, as a
Rose of general utility. In his attempts to cross
this Rose M. Bruant noticed the production of four
or five flowers from the axils of the sepals (axillary
floral prolification). It would seem from this tliat
the energy which should have been devoted to the
formation of seed was here expended in the forma-
tion of adventitious buds.

Our Almanac for isss. — Secretaries of
Horticultural and Botanical Societies throughout the
country are kindly requested to send to us the names
of their societies and officers, and the dates of the
various meetings and shows to be held during the
ensuing year, so that these may be insetted in the
above.

Badly Setting Grapes.— Want of fertilisa-
tion in Grapes may arise from hereditary predisposi-
tion or structural defect, or from conditions which
are, as it were, accidentally unfavourable. M. C.
B.vLTET, of Troyes, the eminent fruit culturist, dis-
cusses in a brochure before us, entitled La Couture des
liaising (Troyes, Baltet Freees), the causes of the
evil, and the means by which it may be prevented or
overcome. Amongst the means are mentioned stop-
ping (pincement), removal of the tendrils, ringing
the branches bearing the bunches and grafting on
other stocks. These means, combined witli careful

attention to the soil, and to the propW adaptation of
plant to it, the selection of appropriate kinds, of ^ '-''
suitable manures, and a proper system of CuJtivalSon, '■.''/•
will do much to prevent the evil. ^v,^ '^^

Kerosene Emulsions.— Professor Riley con-
tinues his experiments as to the best means of
combating scale insects, and after continued com-
parative trials gives the palm to the judicious use of
properly made kerosene emulsions. He gives this
formula for their manufacture ; — Take the white of
two eggs, three tablespoonfuls of sugar, three-quar-
ters of a quart of water, and one quart and a quarter
of kerosene. Mix thoroughly, by working them
together by means of a force-pump and cyclone
nozzle for five or ten minutes. The emulsion so pro-
duced can afterwards he diluted with water to any
desired amount.

Botany for Doctors.— The immemorial
association of botany and medicine has received of
late a serious shock, and botanical teaching no longer
forms a part of the medical curriculum. This, to
our thinking, is a serious blunder, the objections
which were raised to its continuance being founded
on the faulty manner in which the subject was taught,
not on the subject itself Holding these views we
were pleased to find the Treasurer of the College of
Physicians, Sir Dyce Duckworth, thus expressing
himself in his inaugural address before the Pharma-
ceutical Society: — "I may here express my regret
that botany is now ejected from the curriculum of
medical students who do not aspire to university
degrees. I protested against that decision, my belief
being that the mental training of botany was pecu-
liarly fitted to prepare the student for the practice of
medicine, not in virtue of any specific and direct
knowledge of plants thus acquired, which is soon
forgotten, but because of the habits of observation
and discrimination necessarily entailed by this study.
Its omission, too, as a part of general biological
training I take to be very serious."

Berlin Botanic Garden. — Count Solms-

Laubach has been transferred from Gottingeu on his
appointment as Professor of Botany and Director
of the Botanic Garden, Berlin, in the place of the
late Professor Eichleb.

GYPRIPEDIUM SedenI X.— There seems to be
no end to the vagaries of Cypripedium SedeniX.
Itself of mi.xed parentage, it seems to delight in
throwing oft' all rule and order ; but there is fortu-
nately order iu disorder, and the indiscretions of the
plant often lead to the revelation of important
structural arrangements, but which for their aid we
might have difficulty iu seeing, much less under-
standing. In one flower lately received from Messrs.
Veitch the lip was present in the shape of a flattish
petal of much smaller size than the ordinary lip, and
partially adherent to the two lower sepals. By the
same post we received from Mr. Bull a flower with
two side-sepals, three petals, one central the others
placed diagonally. There were two lips, placed oppo-
site the diagonal petals. The column had two anthers,
as usual, but was destitute of any starainude ; but
the stigma was normal. A second flower united to
the aforementioned had two side sepals, two diagonally
placed petals, 'two median petals, one stamen (a1)
iu the form of a petal, the others, both outer and
inner, wanting, one stigma, the median one normal,
the other two present iu the form of petals.

A Gold Jubilee Cup for Chrysanthe-
mums.— This was offered .at the recent Chrysanthe-
mum exhibition at Devizes, by C. N. May, Esq.,
a well-kno\vn townsman, and a successful cultivator
of tlie Chrysanthemum, for twenty-four blooms of
incurved Chrysanthemums, not less than eighteen
varieties, and nine competitors made an effort to
win it. It was a bond fide gold cup — not a mere
silver-gilt one : and though of the nominal value of
ten guineas, it cost Mr. May more, for he would have
it of solid gold. It was not very large, but of excel-
lent workmanship, and it was well won by that well-

658

THE GARDENEB8' CHE ONI CLE.

[No\i:mber iifi, 1887.

known and excellent gardener, Mr. William Wild-
smith, gardener to Lord Evehslet, Heckfield Place,
Winchfield; a Silver Cup, value five guineas, given
by the ex-Mayor, Mr. Alderman Chandlek, going
to Mr. TniNDEK, gardener to Sir H. Mildmay, Bart.,
Dogmersfield Park, Winchfield, as the 2nd prize in
the class.

The Kew "Bulletin." — The November number
is chiefly occupied with a list of Apples grown in
Canada for exportation to England and home con-
sumption. Other fruits, such as Pears, Plums,
Cherries, &c., are also dealt with. The export of
Apples to Great Britain for the year ending June,
1886, were 176,505 barrels, of the value of 410,898
dols. A still larger quantity comes to us from tlie
States. A considerable portion of this might just as
well be grown here.

Tea Boxes.— Dr. Meveh, lecturer in Forest
Botany at Munich, now — we believe, on his way to
Japan — ruceutly made a tour in Northern India,
where he was made acquainted witli the scarcity of
suitable wood for the formation of tea-chests. To
supply this want. Dr. JIeveb recommends the plant-
ing of Cryptomeria japonica on the Darjeeling Hills,
and Paulownia imperialis on the plains, Terai, and
Punjaub.

LiNNEAN Society of London. -The next

meeting will be held on Thursday, December 1, at
8 P.M., when tlie following papers will be read: —
1. "Ants, Bees and Wasps" (part 2). By Sir J.
Lubbock. 2. " Myriopoda of Mergui Archipelago."
By R. J. PococK, Esq.

" Chambre Syndioale" of Ghent.— At a
meeting held on the 14th inst. the following awards
were made : —

First-class Certificates. — To Messrs. Edm. Vervaet
& Co., for Odontoglossum Alexandra; album, Cypri-
pedium Dauthieri striatum, C. cardinale, and C.
vexillarium ; to Mr. Jules Hye, for Cypripedium
Arthurianum, C. Bardeti, and C, nitens ; to Mr. L.
Van Houtte, for Odontoglossum Harryanum ; to Mr.
James Bray, for Odontoglossum Insleayi splendens
and Cypripedium conchiferum.

Ctdiural Certificates. — To Mr. L. De Smet-Duvivier,
for Oncidium varicosum and Calantlie vestita rubra
oculata; to Mr. Louis Van Houtte, for Cypripedium
Spicerianum ; to Mr. L. De Smet-Duvivier, for Sone-
rila Hendersoni argentea.

Gilberts Surprise Tomato.— a word of

commendation should be accorded this really delicious
variety of the old red-ribbed Tomato. It was, as Mr.
GiLBEET, of Burghley Gardens, informed us when he
sent the fruits, aselection which has been grown by him
for the past eight years, and we dare to say carefully
selected during the interval. The fruit is solid,
almost destitute of ribs, large, and very sweet and
juicy, the flavour being quite free from the Potato-
apple like smack to be found in some Tomatos when
eaten in the r.aw state.

Planting of a Jubilee Tree at Bridge
OF Allan.— In commemoration of the jubilee of
Her M.uesty's reign, a seedling of " Queen Mary's
Tree," from Craigmillar Castle, near Edinburgh, was
planted in Cleopatra Place, Bridge of Allan, by Dr.
Patehson, on the afternoon of the 19th inst. Agreeably
to the wish of the donor, the sapling, a Sycamore, was
named " The Queen Victoria Jubilee Tree." The
ceremonv Avas witnessed by a considerable number of
spectators.

A School of Gardening. — For some years —
indeed, ever since 1873 — an institution in which
gardening, both in the open and under glass, is
taught, has been in existence at the " Tottenham '
Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, Holland. Mr. A. M. C.
JoNGKiNDT CoNiNCK, the proprietor of the nursery,
on the occasion of a recent visit to this country,
informed us of what is perhaps not generally known
amongst gardeners, nurserymen and others inte-

rested in horticulture, that this nursery offers
opportunities to a certain number of young gardeners
to become efficient in elementary botany, com-
mercial correspondence in at least three modern
languages, and in general gardening practice, espe-
cially that relating to the propagation of plants. We
have pleasure in calling attention to these facts,
being acquainted with the requirements of
our young gardeners, and knowing, from the
frequent applications that are made to us about
such institutions, the interest felt by parents in
placing " our boys " where useful practical knowledge
of a special character can be obtained ; and where,
moreover, the surroundings are not so full of tempta-
tions to young folks as is the case in large towns.

" Lindenia." — The last issue contains ; —

Mi/tonia spectahilis Moreliana, t. 105. — A variety
with deep rosy-lilac segments, and broad lip of liglit
lilac, veined with rosy-lilac. M. Linden remarks
that the yellow colour one often sees in these plants
is not perceptible when the plants are properly treated,
and that they should not be exposed to direct sun-
light, at the same time the flowering will be defec-
tive, so that most cultivators will prefer abundant
flowering to green leaves.

Taphinia Lindcniana, 1. 106. — A new species, with
racemes issuing from the base of the pseudobulbs,
with large star-shaped flowers, with ovate-acute
segments of a white colour, deeply flushed with
chocolate-brown.

Odontoglossum crispum Tt ianie, t. 107.

Bulbophyllum grandiflorum, 1. 108. — A species from
New Guinea, witli large three-rayed flowers, witli
loug segments, with purplish-brown veins.

The -'Botanical Magazine." — The plants

figured in the November number are : —

Landolphia jlorida, Bentkam, t. 6963. — A plant to
which special interest attaches as being the source
of the indiarubber produced in Central Tropical
Africa from east to west. The plant had been long
known to botanists, but Colonel (now Sir J. A.)
Gkant was the first to notice it .as the source of
indiarubber. In SpeJce's Journal, and in the Trans-
actions of the Linnean Society, Sir J. Grant speaks
of this plant as " a woody climber named MTIoouga
(Kis.), found at Madi, Derembe, in a sliady spot by a
rocky burn. Its trunk travelled, like a boa con-
strictor, along the ground till it found a tree to climb
np, and was 25 inches in circumference. Ascending
to the topmost branches, it threw down pendents of
foliage and clusters of lily-white scented flowers.
The milk, if rubbed upon the skin, adheres like bird-
lime, and can scarcely be rubbed off. .... The
Wahiao people make playing balls from the juice,
and consider its rubber to be the most adhesive
known."

As a stove climber, its bold, oblong leaves and
clusters of white fragrant flowers are very at-
tractive. It is a near relative of Stephanotis,
or MandeviUa, and other attractive Apocynaceous
plants.

Vicia Dennessiana, H. C. Watson, t. 6967. — A
remarkable plant, closely allied to our common
Vicia cracca, but differing in the colour of the
flowers, which are at first of a fine purple, becoming
dull slate-coloured as they expand, then passing on
to a dingy fawn, and when dry assuming a russet-
brown hue. This, says Sir Josepu Hookeh, is one
of the very few plants endemic in and peculiar
to the Azores, and, like the Campanula Vidalii,
t. 47.58, it is most restricted as to area. Mr.
Watson said of it : — " This is a remarkable
plant in itself, and in its history .... for chance
alone seems to have saved it from becoming
an extinct species almost immediately after it
became known at all. It was. in fact, found in one
spot only in the island of San Miguel, from which it
has since disappeared through a landslip." Mr.
Watson named the plant in honour of Mr. Dennes,
Honorary .Secretary of the Botanic Society, and grew
the plant in his garden for some years, and at his
deatli the plant was transferred to the Royal
Gardens, Kew, where it flowered in the present year,

being a living fossil, if such an expression be
permitted.

Phalfsnopsis Marice, BrRBiDGE, t. 6964. — A native
of the Sulu Archipelago, where it was discovered liy
Mr. Bdrbidge. The species is remarkable for the
bold violet bars, regularly disposed on the snow-white
sepals and petals.

Polemonium flaviim, E. L. Greene, t. 6965. — A
species not unlike the common Jacob's Ladder, but
with pale yellow flowers and sharply pointed petals.
It is a native of New Mexico, and flowered in the
Cambridge Botanic Garden.

Morina betonicoides. Bektham, t. 6966. — A peren-
nial herb, native of the Sikkim Himalaya, with sessile
opposite broadly lanceolate leaves, provided with
stift' bristles at the margins, and with terminal heads
of rosy-purple funnel-shaped flowers, each about an
inch long. As a hardy plant for the rockery, this
may be specially commended.

The Weather.— Mr. Jenkins' system of fore-
castmg the weather, brought before the Royal
Academy of Belgium, and commented on by us in a
previous number, comes well out of the test in this
present month. The preceding week was one of
exceptional cold for the season, and this is well indi-
cated in Mr. .Jenkins' chart. For the remainder of
the month high alternating with low temperatures
and with a falling barometer and high wind are pre-
dicted. Nous verrons.

" Ammonium dimethylamidoazobenzene-

SULPHONATE." — Chemists, at least, must not be
accusers of naturalists in the matter of nomencla-
ture. Chemists express the proximate com-
position of various substances in tlie names they
applv to them, as if we spoke of a man as a " headed-
necked t w oarmedtwohandcdtrunkedtwoleggedtwo-
footed animal." This system of nomenclature no
doubt has its advantages, but we do not recommend
its adoption on garden labels.

How They Manage in Belgium.— We notice

that one of the Professors, in the School of Horti-
culture at Ghent, Jlr. Frederick Bdrvenich, is to
give lectures in Flemish or in French, on practical
horticulture, arboriculture, &c., at Ghent, Alost,
Courtrai, Lokeren, Roulers, and Ruysselede, at inter-
vals between November and .July. M. Jdles Bur-
VENicn is to give similar practical instruction at
other Belgian towns ; while a like course is to be
given at Tournai by M. Griffon. It must be
remembered that these are practical demonstrations,
of which the poorer classes may avail themselves
without cost. We have time after time advocated
the adoption of a similar plan here, but we see no
present cliance of its adoption. A resuscitated
national Horticultural Society might not deem such a
matter beneath its notice.

Chrysalids and their Colour. — Mr.

PooLTON has contributed to the Philosophical Trans-
actions a paper detailing numerous experiments on
the colour of the chrysalids of butterflies as alfected
by the colour of their surroundings. This relation,
which had been matter of observation, Mr. Poolton
has put to the test of experiment by placing the
caterpillar when about to become a chrysalid, on
])aper of various colours and by other means. The
object of this colour-relation is to protect the insect.

O Tamakoare. — A strange title for English
readers ! It refers to an enumeration by Mr.
Baeuosa Rodrigdes of certain new species of
TernstruemiaceiC, the order to wliich Tea and
Camellias belong. Tamakoare is the Brazilian name
for a species of Caraipa, the juice of which is milky,
and contains oily and resinous matters, and the bark
is astringent.

The Phylloxera is responsible for a great
many things, amongst others for a large increase in
the consumi)tion of beer in France, and a consequent
increase in the number of breweries and in the
acreage of Hops cultivated iu that country.

XOVESIBER ill, 1887.]

TEE GABDE NEBS' GEEONICLE,

659

Hooper & Co. (Limited), Covent Garden.

— We learn that the report of the accountants of
this company, recently presented to the board,
showed a profit of 9 per cent, for the first half
of the present year, and that it was decided to pay
an interim dividend at the r.ate of 0 per cent.

The Emperor of Brazil.— His llajest)-, who

is a member of the Institute of France — a body into
which no Emperor, merely as such, is admitted — has
lately visited the Villa Thuret, at Antibes, to wit-
ness tlie experiments in naturalisation carried on
there b)' M. Naudin, and inspect the magnificent
collection of plants originally brought togetlier in
that spot by If. THnnET. It appears from our cor-
respondence, that tlie Emperor entertained favour-
ably an idea submitted to him by M. Naudiv as to
the formation of two experimental gardens in Brazil,
one in the north for trojiical plants, the other in the
south, at St. Paul, for those of warm temperate
regions.

Manchester Horticultural Improvement

Society. — The second meeting for the winter

By Professor Dewak, M.A., F.E.S., &c. ; The
Rolling Contact of Bodies. By Professor H. S. Hele
Shaw (Royal Institution of Great Britain). — Arjri-
cultural Bettiriis of Great Britain (London : Etee &
Spottiswoode).

EOSA POLYANTHA.

[See Supplementahy Sheet.]
KosA POLY-VNTHA IS Unquestionably one of the
most decorative Roses in existence. It is true that
the individual flowers are single, and not large,
but the countless myriads in which they are pro-
duced, and the immense size of the trusses (each
generally containing several dozens of blooms),
render the display made by the plant in blossom, not
only far more striking, but also of longer duration
than that made by most double Roses. The flowers aro
pure white, with bright golden stamens, and owing to
their being so abundantly produced it is almost in-
credible how dense a mass of snowy bloom the plant
in flower appears literally to consist of, for practic-
allv all stems and foliage are obscured from

-ROSA POLTANTHA; FLO^VERS WHITE.

session was held on Thursday evening, Nov. 1", in the
Memorial Hall, Mr. Bruce Findlay, the President, in
the chair, and the paper for the evening was read
by Mr. W. Swan, on I'erns.

Publications Received.— i//); a}id Labour.
By S. Smiles, LL.D. (London ; J. iluRBAY, Albe-
marle Street). — Entomological Writings of Dr. AlphciiA
•Spring Packard. By. S. Hexshaw (Washington :
Government Printing Office). — Manuel de VAccli-
mateur. By Ch. Naudin* and Baron F. vox Muller
(Paris: Societe d'Acciiraatation, 41, Rue de Lille).
— Temperance in the Hay and Harvest Field. By J.
Abbey (London : Church of England Temperance
Depot, 9, Bridge Street, Westminster, S.W.).— Pn/-
ceedimgs of the Third Annual Convention of the Societg
of American Florists. (Boston, U.S.A.: The Gunn
Curtis Co., 31, Hawley Street.)— Bat anische Jahr-
— h'ucher fiir Systcmatik, PJlansengeschichte und Pjfan-
zengeographie, I. and II. By A. Enqler (Leipzig:
WiLHELM Engeliiann). — Repos Hivernal dcs Plantcs
de Serrcs. By H. J. van Hulle (Ghent: C. Axnoot-
Breckman). — Nova Scotia Principal Government Crop
Report, October, 18S7 (Nova Scotia Oflice of
Agriculture, Halifax), — Li'jht as an Analytic Agent.

view. As it is always difficult to give in words a
clear idea of the exact appearance of a plant which
is not generally known, a photogi-aph, repro-
duced in the Supplement, was taken last June by
Messrs. Byrne, of Richmond, of a large plant of Rosa
polyantha in full bloom, to show the habit and appear-
ance of this beautiful Japanese species as it grows here
(Sunningdale) This particular plant is about lo feet
high, and 18 feet across, and might undoubtedly have
extended infinitely further, both in height and width,
but that it is already taller than the fence of split
Larch slabs against which it grows, and consequently
gets broken off by the wind at that level ; and on the
one side it is bounded by a railway fence, while any
attempt at extension on the other side is promptly
checked by being shut in the door, which is in con-
stant use there.

As a little plant out of a travelling pot this Rose
was planted in its present position nearly six years
ago, and for the last four summers it has annually
presented an appearance similar to that now shown
in the accompanying plate, in addition to having
furnished many hundreds, if not thousands, of cut-
tings for stocks. The plant is growing in very sandy
soil, which was manured at the time of planting, and

beyond having its long branches tied back to the
fence in spring, the Rose has since taken care of
itself. Besides presenting so beautiful an appear-
ance, the flowers are deliciously fragrant, and
prove a source of great attraction to the bees. The
plant is absolutely hardy, and has even been de-
scribed by a well-known French grower as the
very hardiest of all Roses. In France also
it is finding considerable favour as a stock
both in the form of seedlings and cuttings, and
for some Roses it certainly seems to answer
well. It has been a good deal employed here during
the past four seasons, and among the Roses tried on
it the climbing Teas and also the stronger of the
non- climbers, such as Marie Van Houtte, Jean
Ducher, &c., as well as their relatives of the Victor
Verdier race, succeed admirably. R. polyantha is
as easy to propagate from cuttings in the open
gi'ound as Manetti ; and roots even more rapidly.
One season's cuttings were inserted in September ;
were planted out the following March, and budded
on four months later (in July) ; that is to say, they were
worked as stocks within ten months of their inser-
tion as cuttings. Of course this can occasionally
also be done with Manetti, but not with the almost
unfailing certainty of the Japanese Rose. It remains
to be proved whether R. polyantha can claim to be
as good a general stock as the native Brier, but
it does appear likely to be valuable to those who find
a difficulty either in obtaining a supply of Brier
cuttings or in making them strike, as it grows in
any soil, and the Teas thrive well upon it as they
will not out-of-doors upon Mannetti.

It is rather a curious consideration that it is from
this rampant climber that we have obtained our
most charming Liliputian Roses, the hybrid Poly-
anthas of catalogues, such as Mignonette, Puque-
rette, Perle d'Or, &c., which hardly exceed a few
inches in height. In spite of the cross with the Teas
having so altered their habit of growth, however, the
many-flowered inflorescence still remains charac-
teristic of these miniature Roselets, and their loss of
stature is compensated by their perpetual flowering —
a quality which the species lacks.

The object now, however, is not so much to prove
the value of Rosa polyantha as a seed bearer, or as
stock, or as a bee-plant — though these are all addi-
tional recommendations in its favour — but rather to
show that the mere fact of a Rose having only single
flowers does not prevent its being a most effective
garden plant, and that wherever there may be a
rough fence, an unsightly shed, or anything that
wants covering, whatever the soil or situation, the
value of at least one single Rose as a decorative
plant will be quickly proved by the planting of Rosa
polyantha. T. W. Girdlestone, Sunningdale, Berks.

[Japanese Roses seem calculated to worry the
botanists of the old school as much as their Euro-
pean congeners do. No one, for instance, seems to
be able to say definitely what are the limitations
between R. multiflora and R. Lucite, nor whether
what is above called polyantha (if it be really Sie-
bold and Zuccarini's plant so named) is referable to
either. Certainly it does not belong to R. indica, as
Miquel thought it did. Franchet and Savatier say
thatR. multiflora has theunder-surface of the leaves
slightly hairy — at any rate along the nerves — while
the styles are glabrous. In R. Lucia; the leaves are
glabrous and the styles pubescent. Next year Mr.
Girdleston can tell us to which set his plant be-
longs. Ed.].

Tobacco in Japan.— A portion of the dark-
coloured Tobacco crop of 18S5 at Kynshyn, Japan,
is reported to have been seriously injured by a
salt-storm which passed over the Tobacco districts,
•and a similar calamity befel the light-coloured
Tobacco in the districts of Hyogo in the early
part of 1886. This diminution in the yield of
the crops had a serious influence on the export
trade, and a furthor influence operating against
the export is to be found in the fact that there
is no home duty collected on that which is used
for cigarette purposes. For this, and probably for
other reasons, the use of cigarettes is superseding
that of the pipe in tiiis part of Japan.

660

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMEEE 26, 1887.

Notices of Books.

The Elements of Botany, for Beginners
AND FOR Schools. By Asa Gray. (Ivison,
Blakeman & Co., New York and Chicago.
1887.)
It is rather refreshing to turn over the pages of
this little book, framed as it is on models which were
once familiar, but which have been largely super-
seded by works constructed on a different plan. The
system of selecting a certain number of plants as
types is an excellent one in theory, but in practice
we have considerable doubt whether it presents any
appreciable advantage over the older metliod of
beginning with the grammar. When the matter
comes to be tested in the examination-room the
examiner often finds that the pupils know the
" types " fairly well, but they are in the position of
the artist who could only draw green dragons, and
when requested to depict a red lion, succeeded in
producing a portrait which was more like the
traditional dragon than the constitutional lion.
So we have found in the examination-room that
while the student would recognise, for instance,
a Mucor or an Aspergillus, and give a good account
of those plants, he would be quite unable to say any-
thing about an Oidium or a Peronospora. Show him
a Buttercup, and the chances are that a perfectly
accurate account will be given ; place a Columbine
before him, and it will not be recognised, nor will
any but a very incorrect account be forthcoming.
Students will often retort on the examiner by in-
forming him that such illustrations as we have men-
tioned are not " types," they are not in the books
they have used, or that " they only know the types."
It is as if a pupil were familiar with the multiplica-
tion table but could not compass the multiplication
of decimals, or work a rule-of-three sum.

It may be that our inferences are incorrect, but
we cannot help thinking that in practice students
were better able to apply what they had learnt under
the old system than they are under the new. It is
like the Hamiltoniau system of learning languages —
a quick and ready means of learning certain books,
but not a method for developing scholars. Dr.
Gray's book may be compared to a grammar, it need
hardly be said an excellent one. " It is intended to
ground beginners in structural botany and the prin-
ciples of vegetable life, mainly as concerns flowering
plants, with which botanical instruction should
always begin ; also to be a companion and interpreter
to the Manuals and Floras by which the student
threads his flowery way to a clear knowledge of the
surrounding vegetable creation." It is thus intended
to be used as an introduction to American Floras just
as Mr. Bentham's " Outlines " of structural botany
are prefixed to the several Colonial Floras. The
great advantage of this plan is that travellers, who
have not access to many books, and amateurs without
previous botanical knowledge, may by the expenditure
of very little trouble acquire sufficient botanical
information for ]iractical purposes, and, moreover,
sufficient to enable them to grasp the general prin-
ciples on which the science is based, and, in parti-
cular, to appreciate those speculations and theories
which exercise so much fascination among intelli-
gent readers now-a-days, and which have exerted so
potent an influence on many departments of know-
ledge besides natural history.

After a brief introduction to a flowering plant as
a whole, through the medium of a Flax plant, the
characteristics of which are pointed out, Dr. Gray
proceeds to discuss in that concise, clear, accurate,
and withal pleasant manner, of which he has so
great a mastery, the morphology of seedling plants,
the mode of gi'owth from buds, the nature and forms
of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, &c. Of
course, there is nothing particularly novel in the
mode of treatment of the subject ; but the only flaw
welTcan [find in the book, if flaw it be, under the
conditions, is that too little heed is given to the
relative value or due subordination of characters.
The student might be led, for instance, to infer

from this book that all the variations in the form of
leaves were of equal intrinsic importance and equal
in relative value to the modifications observable
in the construction of the flower. The ripened
judgment of the author is not likely to be possessed
by the class for whom this volume is intended. It
does not enter into the plan of this work to discuss
the origin and significance of these variations in form,
but a slight sketch of the anatomical structure and
mode of growth of plants is afforded merely, as the
author says, as an indication ; and it is free fri^m the
unnecessary neologisms with which our modern text-
books are flooded. A similar chapter on classification
and nomenclature might be read with profit, even by
those not specially interested in botany. We sub-
join an extract relating to kinds and relationships,
which well show the author's easy way of handling
his subject : —

" Plants and animals have two great peculiarities :
1st, they form themselves ; and 2ud, they multiply
themselves. They reproduce their kind in a con-
tinued succession of individuals. Mineral things
occur as masses, which are divisible into smaller,
and still smaller ones, without alteration of proper-
ties. But organic things (vegetables and animals)
exist as individual beings. Each owes its existence
to a parent [parents] and produces similar individ-
uals in its turn. So each individual is a link of a
chain, and to this chain the natural historian
applies the name of species. All the descend-
ants from the same stock therefore compose one
species. And it was from our observing that the
several sorts of plants or animals steadily reproduce
themselves, or, in other words, keep up a succession
of similar individuals, that the idea of species origi-
nated. There are few species, however, in which
man has actually obsen'ed the succession for many
generations. It could seldom be proved that all the
Pine trees or Oiiks of any forest came from the same
stock. But observation having familarised us with
the general fact that individuals proceeding from the
same stock are essentially alike, we infer from theii
close resemblance that these similar individuals
belong to the same species. That is, we infer it
when the individuals are as much like each other as
those are which we know, or confidently suppose, to
have sprung from the same stock.

" Identity in species is inferred from close simi-
larity in all essential respects, or, whenever the differ-
ences, however considerable, are not known or reason-
ably supposed to have originated in the course of time
under changed conditions. No two individuals are
exactly alike ; a tendency to variation pervades all
living things. In cultivation, where variations are
looked after and cared for, very striking differences
come to light, and if in wild Nature they are less
common, or less conspicuous, it is partly because
they are uncared for; when such variant forms are
pretty well mai-ked they are called varieties. The
White Oak, for example, presents two or three varie-
ties in the shape of the leaves, although they may
be all alike upon each particular tree. The question
often arises, and it is often hard to answer, whether
the difference in a particular case is that of a variety
or is specific. If the former, it may commonly be
proved by finding such intermediate degrees of dif-
ference in various individuals, as to show that no
clear distinction can be drawn between them, or else
by observing the varieties to vary back again in some
of its offspring. The sorts of Apples, Pears, Potatos,
and the like, show that difl'erences that are perma-
nent in the individual, and continue unchanged
through a long series of generations when propagated
by division (as by offsets, cuttings, grafts, bulbs,
tubers, &c.), are not likely to be reproduced by seed.
Still they sometimes are so, and perhaps always tend
in that direction. For the fundamental law in or-
ganic nature is that offspring shall be like parent.

" Uaces are such strongly marked varieties capable
of coming true to seed. The dift'erent sorts of
Wheat, Maize, Peas, Radishes, &c., are familiar
examples. By selecting those individuals of a species
which have developed or inherited any desirable
peculiarity, keeping them free from mingling with
their less promising brethren, and selecting againthe
most prominent plants raised from their seeds, the
cultivator may in a few generations render almost
any variety transmissible by seed so long as it is
cared for and kept apart. In fact, this is the way
the cultivated domesticated races so useful to man
have been fixed and preserved. Races, in fact, can
hardly, if at all, be said to exist independently of
man. But man does not really produce them.

Such peculiarities, often surprising enough, now and
then, originate, we know not how — the plants sport,
as the gardeners say ; they are preserved, pro-
pagated, and generally further developed by the
cultivator's skilful care. If left alone they are
likely to dwindle and perish or else revert to
the original form of the species. "Vegetable
races are commonly annuals which can be kept
up only by seed or herbs, of which a succession
of generations can be had every year or two, and so
the education by selection be completed without great
lapse of time. But all fruit trees could probably be
fixed into races in an equal number of generations.
.... Species are the units in classification.
"Varieties, although of the utmost importance in
cultivation, and of considerable consequence in the
flora of any country, are of less botanical significance,
for they are apt to be indefinite, and to shade oft" one
form into another ; but species tlie botanist expects
to be distinct. Indeed, the practical difference to
the botanist between species and varieties is the
definite limitation of the one and the indefiniteness
of the other. The botanist's determination is partly
a matter of observation, partly of judgment. In an
enlarged view varieties may be incipient species:
and nearly every related species probably came from
a common stock in earlier times, for there is every
reason to believe that existing vegetation came Iron",
the more or less changed vegetation of a preceding
geological era. However that may be, species are
regarded as permanent and essentially unchanged in
their succession of individuals through the actual
ages."

The work concludes with a glossarial index, and
we have no hesitation in recommending it to our
readers as being, within its limits, one of the very
best introductions to general botany that it has been
our lot to meet with.

A Manual of Orchidaceous Plants. Part II.

Cattleya and Ltelia. James Veitch & Sons,
Chelsea.

To all who were wise enough to purchase Part I.
(Odontoglossum), of this excellent work it will be
sufficient to say that the present issue is in every
way worthy of the one preceding it. The same plan
of dealing with the genera, species, and varieties is
maintained throughout ; that is to say, after an
enumeration of the essential points of the genus, a
general review of the species is given touching on
their characteristics, and the relation which each
bears to the others ; a full account of their geogra-
phical distribution and general cultural notes
follow, the general intelligence of locality being
plainly set forth also by means of the names of the
species being printed in dark letters over the
regions they occupy on the map of the district they
inhabit, three of which are included in the part
under notice, viz.. Southern Brazil with Cattleya
and La;lia ; Colombia-Guiana region of South
America, with Cattleya ; and Mexico and Guatemala,
with Cattleya and Lielia habitats.

The value of these maps illustrating the geo-
graphical distribution of the plants is very great, as
a knowledge of the localities and altitudes in
which the plants are found is of great importance in
aiding the cultivator ; and the power now afl'orded of
distinguishing at one glance their relative positions,
is an advantageous arrangement of the matter that
could scarcely be conveyed in a better manner.

In dealing with each subject in its turn, Messrs.
"Veitch give the fullest particulars concerning its
discovery, introduction, and many facts concerning
its peculiarities of growth and flower, both in its
native home and under cultivation, which renders
the careful perusal of the work throughout, or the
mere opening of it for the purpose of reference, a
pleasure. Dip into it ivhere we will, we come across
pleasant reminiscences of Humboldt, Schomburgk,
Skinner, and other dead but not forgotten travel-
lers, who have identified themselves with Orchids,
of the good things cultivated by Mrs. Lawrence at
Ealing, Sigismund Pucker, and those who have
passed away who preceded or were associated with
them in their love for Orchids, but whose
places in this engrossing pursuit have been so well
taken by those of the present day. All this saves

November 2G, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHE ONI CLE.

661

the work from any suspicion of dulness, and renders
it pleasant and instructive reading for plantsmen
of all degrees, and not for Orchid growers alone.

In the botanical arrangement some few alter-
ations have been introduced, but they are chiefly
of a kind generally admitted, but not generally
used in gardens. For example, all the large-
flowering Cattleyas of the C. ]Mossia; and C.
Mendelii class are enumerated as varieties of
Cattleya labiata, the principal sub-varieties being
enumerated under each variety. Under Liclia, L.
glauca and L. Digbyana, generally called Brassavola
in gardens, are enumerated ; and with both Cattleya
and La^lia full descriptive lists of the hybrids are
appended. Tlie work, which is profusely and cleverly
illustrated, also includes the allied genera Lailiopsis,
Schomburgkia, Sophronitis, and Tetramicra (Lep-
totes), and in conclusion we heartily recommend it to
all pending the arrival of Dendrobium, Part III., and
Part IV., Cypripedium, already well advanced. For
those who require a fine library edition it will be as
well to state that a limited number have been pub-
lished in 4to form.

Die Palmen ihren Gattungen und Arten

{Palms, their Specks and I'arieties), pp. 184. By

Carl Salomon. (Parey, Berlin.)
This book will be found of considerable value
as a book of reference by those able to read the
German language. The work treats of such
Palms only as by their moderate dimensions
and slow growth are suited for cultivation in
glasshouses and dwellings. In the introductory
chaptei-s the geographical distribution of Palms is
noticed, and concise but ample instructions are
afforded in the important matter of sowing, raising,
and cultivating the plants. The systematic arrange-
ments of the genus, according to Oscar Drude,
and of Bentham and Hooker, are likewise given.
The other useful information, afforded in convenient
form, consists of the popular and aboriginal names
of species, synonyms, native countiy, habitat, together
with references to authorities. The descriptive
matter is given in tolerably popular phraseology, and
is assisted by numerous woodcuts of the best known
Palms.

Home Correspondence.

STOCK versus SCION. — I have read the accounts
from time to time in the Gardeners' Chronide bear-
ing on this subject with much interest, but have
failed to detect any influence whatever in the
following experiments ; — 1st, Black Hamburgh
grafted on the \Yhite Sweetwater stock ; 2nd, Muscat
of Alexandria on that of Black Hamburgh. 1 have
here three varieties of Grapes growing on one Vine
stock, viz.. Black Hamburgh, Jladresfield Court, and
Muscat of Alexandria; twoonanother — aBlack Ham-
burgh grown on the extension method, a Hamburgh
graft being on each side with Muscat of Alexandria
occupying the centre portion of the Vine. It may
be stated that in each case the Grapes coloured
splendidly, the Black Hamburghs being as black as
Sloes, and the Muscats of a splendid amber colour.
I may sav that the Hamburgh stock is always far
advanced in growth before the Muscat scion shows
any sign of moving. 8. G. Jones, Mickleficld, Baiudon,

ACONITUM NAPELLUS.— This plant grows in
extreme profusion (almost " by the acre ") in Red-
lynch Park, near Wincanton, Somersetshire, belong-
ing to the Earl of Ilchester. When in flower it-is
quite a feature in the landscape. A good deal of
beekeping is carried on in the vicinity, but there is
no report that the flower has any injurious effect
upon the honey. Rabbits swarm in innumerable
quantity, the black and cream-coloured varieties
almost outnumbering the ordinary ones. Either
they avoid the plant, or no injurious effects follow
the eating of it. Pheasants are also numerous, and
it is quite possible that pheasants would not refuse
the tuberous roots of the Aconite if pressed for food.
The question as to whether the plant be " alien,"
" denizen," or " native," I leave to British botanists.
Somersetshire is one of the recorded localities for
it, but 1 have seen no more precise indication.
R. McL. [Our correspondent would oblige by for-
warding a specimen next summer. Ed.]

LATE ROSE BLOOMS. — On Saturday, November
12, I cut three very fine half-blown Dupuy Jamain
Roses from the open border. These had a slight
perfume, and are now almost fully expanded in
water in my dining-room. On the bush off which
these were cut, upwards of a dozen buds were left,
but there has been frost and snow since, so 1 fear
" the last Rose of winter " has been taken from that
bush. Dupuy Jamain should be in ^yery garden ; it
is a robust grower, and produces an abundance
of well-formed brilliant carmine-crimson blooms,
delightfully sweet-scented. W., Coldstream, KM.,
November 17.

PETROLEUM HEATING STOVE.— We have re-
ceived from the patentees, Jlessrs. Wright & Butler,
of Birmingham, through their agent, Mr. T. B.
Browne, 150, Queen Victoria Street, E.G., one of
their stoves suitable for lieating a small conservatory
or for warming a room, by means of petroleum. The
illustration (tig. 128) represents one of the smaller
forms of apparatus, which, however, evolves a
considerable amount of heat, and has an ad-
vantage over coal fires, for amateurs, whose
greenhouses do not require much heating, that
the labour connected with the stove is light.
The stove may well be described as a large lamp, and
is not at all an unsightly object wherever it may be
placed. One great advantage, too, is that the cost
is small as regards initial outlay, and the oil does
not cost much either. As is well known, the fumes
generated by the combustion of petroleum are not
injurious to plant life. Having given it a trial we

Flu. K^8.— STOVE FOR SMALL GREEXHOUSE.

can recommend the stove as well fitted for the
purposes for which it is intended.

GERMINATION OF CYCLAMEN. — I was much
interested in the article on the germination of
Cyclamen (vide Gardeners' Chronicle, November 12),
having been much puzzled by the behaviour of some
seeds sown a year since. After lying dormant for
months they almost suddenly emerged from the soil
in the form of tiny bulblets, each surmounted by an
equally tiny leaflet, without any previous production
of cotyledons, of which I can see no trace whatever.
The early stage of many Cactaceous plants is appa-
rently very similar, notably in Echinocactus. W,
Thompson.

CREOSOTED WOOD.— I see that one of your
subscribers has been making enquiries respecting
the use of creosoted wood for hothouse work ; per-
haps the following information may be useful to you
as well as him. Near this place a railway points-
man built himself a small house, in which to grow
Tomatos and Cucumbers out of some old creosoted
railway sleepers that had been in use many years ;
but both Cucumbers, and Tomatos and other plants
refused to grow in the house. This last spring he
made his walls of other materials, and the crops have
been good and the plants healthy. 1 have often
noticed that where a post or rail has been allowed to
remain a few hours on the grass it has killed it.
This last spring 1 was induced to try kyanised wood
for a new footpath in two of my vineries, as
it was recommended for use in houses, being free
from smells and without injurious effect upon
vegetation. My early Grapes were just colouring
when the new path was laid down. In about ten days
or so all the bunches had the appearance of a severe
attack of shanking, then the oldest leaves began to
turn brown and drop off. The whole of the fruit was
perfectly worthless, and the Vines did not bring one
leaf to perfection, and I dare not stop the lateral

growth. The other house is an intermediate vinery,
and was not started so early, and had more air
given it. The fruit in this house was eatable, but
ripened of a bright red colour. The Fig trees
on the back wall cast both crops of fruit as
soon as they were the size of Walnuts,
and the leaves kept dropping the whole of the
summer. I complained to the merchants who sup-
plied the timber; they said they never had any
complaint before, but in future would recommend
their customers to always paint the woodwork that
is kyanised ; but you cannot paint a footpath very
well. 1 hope the above account of my experience
with these substances may be of use to your readers.
Thomas Jones, Bibston.

MANDEVILLA SUAVEOLENS. — I have noticed
your rem.arks relative to two instances of Mande-
villea suaveolens fruiting this season, and apprehend
this occurred in the course of ordinary greenhouse
cultivation. But it may perhaps be of interest to men-
tion that at Battle Abbey, from 1862 to 1868, a fine
plant of Mandevilla, planted by the then gardener,
Jlr. .lack, flowered profusely every year. It grew on
the face of the time-worn south wall of the banquet-
ing hall of the Abbey. The plant was never other-
wise protected than by having some Spruce boughs
fastened to the wall over it. About the year 1864 it
developed and matured fine seed-pods in considerable
numbers, and has continued to produce them, more
or less, each year since. A plant of Stauntonia
latifolia — also standing against this wall — began to
develope its peculiar fruits about the same time, and
has continued to db so every year. I believe that
this was the first record of Stauntonia having pro-
duced fruit in this country. R. McF., Helen Glen,
Farkstone. Dorset. [For figure of tlie Stauntonia see
vol. xix., 188.3, p. 345. Ed.]

PLANTING HOLLY AS A WIND SCREEN.— I
have read on p. 622 of the Gardeners' Chronicle Mr.
Webster's recommendation to plant Holly with ever-
green Oak on the edges of old or open woods. Now
what I want to know is, how is it to be protected from
rabbits and hares ? To plant Holly near where
rabbits are 1 find throwing money away, as in a few-
days they are eaten up. This is my experience of
Holly planting here. W. M. Geddes, Tlirumpfon,
Derby. [If Holly be planted in a line it can be pro-
tected by two lines of rabbit-proof netting until
large, when the animals seldom attack the bark or
shoots. Ed.]

DENDROBIUM CCELOGYNE.— In your No. 46, of
the 12th inst., at p. 587, I note the "description of a
very peculiar Orchid which 1 received from Manda-
lay in 1881, but which has never flowered. The
name given is Dendrobium Cadogyne, but 1 presume
Dendrobium is a misprint for Bulbophyllum, as in
the description I find " combination of Bulbophyllum
and Ccclogj-ne ; " and again, further down, in describ-
ing the flower, occurs, " as we find in some other
species of Sarcopodium, to which subgenus this
plant belongs.'' The plant I have has made strong
growths, and consists of pseudobulbs in four divisions,
14 inches high. It is in a Teak basket, and has been
in a Cattleya temperature ; but I have now placed it
over a water tank with Phaltenopsids and Nepenthes.
H. J. Ross. [The plant in question is rightly named
D. Coclogyne — see Rchb. f,, in Gardeners' Chronicle,
1871, p. 186, and, again, our list of garden Orchids,
January 7, 1882, p. 26. The growth is what botanists
call sympodial. Starting from the base of the plant,
No. 1 bulb produces near the top a side bulb, which,
however, does not grow sideways, but straight up,
and in its turn gives rise to No. 3, and this to No. 4,
and so on. In point of fact, real side-buds assume
the direction of true terminal buds. Ed.]

HONEYDEW.— I have of late been living under
the impression that all the viscid matter found occa-
sionally upon leaves, especially upon those of the
Lime, was but the excreta of aphides that, in fact,
honeydew, so called, was not a dew in any sense, but
an insect deposit. Looking over that useful book,
the Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary, I find, under the
heading '' extravasated sap " the following: — "Heat
attended by dryness of the soil, as during the drought
of summer, is very liable to produce an unnatural
exudation. This is specially noticeable upon the
leaves of some plants, and is popularly known as
honeydew." This may be a very non-scientific decla-
ration, and it is hard to see how an exudation pro-
duced by natural causes can be unnatural ; but the
statement provokes scepticism in the insect theorv,
and it would be very interesting to learn how far the
quotation may be exact or otherwise. The words

662

THE GARDENERS' GHROl^ICLE.

[iioVEMBBB 26, 1887.

which follow are, however, more didactic than clear :
—" It is somewhat analogous to that outburst of blood
which in such seasons is apt to occur to man." Docs
the writer mean by this simple perspiration, "and
arises from the increased action of the secretory and
circulatory system, to wliich it affords relief " ? Lucid
physiology that. "There is this great and essential
difference", however, that in the case of plants the
extravasation is upon the surface of the leaves, and
in proportion consequently to the abundance of the
exuded sap are their respiration and digestion im-
paired." Now I venture to ask whether all this is
real science, or wliether it is rank nonsense, and
specially in the face of its assumed authoritative
teaching sliould I like to learn the real truth as to
the formation of so-called honeydew. A. J). [This
subject was fully discussed at the meetings of tlie
Scientific Committee in 1S72, as may be seen from
the Journal of the Society for April 3. 1872, and
in our own columns, pp. 409, 468, and 609, the same
year. Ed.]

THE FEATHERY ASPARAGUS.— Fronds of A. plu-
mosus nanus and A. tenuissimus are most useful for
decorative purposes because tliey will stand so long
in a cut state, some floral decorators say for a fort-
night. In an intermediate-house it will grow all the
winter, and large plants in vigorous growth will
supplv great quantities of decorative material. Mr.
Chadwick, of Hanger Hill House Gardens, Ealing,
has a fine specimen of each : they stand on a low
plant stage in the centre of the house, and the speci-
men of the former has its leading shoots trained up-
wards to the roof by means of pieces of cord fastened
to the rafters and to the rim of the pot. This method
of training encourages the specimen to make a very
free and elegant growth, and so supplies an abund-
ance of material for decorative purposes. In sumraer
the plants form very fine examples for exhibition
purpose. S. 1>.

THE EMPLOYMENT OF AUTUMN FOLIAGE.—
At the recent Chrvs.anthemum show held in the
Town Hall, Birmingham, it should be mentioned
that an admirable stand of sprays and a bouquet of
vellow flowers and autumnal leaves was exhibited by
Messrs. Hans Niemand & Co., nurserymen. Har-
borne Road, Edgbaston. These were the productions
of Mr. W. Chambers, in the employment of the firm,
who has already gained much praise for his ability
in this line. It is but fair that this should be men-
tioned, as the stand in question was one of the spe-
cialties of the show. W. Robinson.

ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGED PLANTS AT GUNNERS-
BURY PARK.— In one of the stoves at Gunner,sbury
Park there can now be seen two very fine and striking
specimens of ornamental foliaged plants, one being
Alocasia Thibautiana, the other Anthurium Waroc-
qucanum. The former is a grand example, with twenty-
eight large leaves, and a few smaller in size, the
leaves finely developed and handsomely marked.
This specimen is 5 feet or so in height, is of striking
and symmetrical proportions and in full vigour. The
pot in whicli the plant is growing is plunged rather
more than half its depth in a gentle bottom-heat.
The specimen of Anthurium 'Warocqueanum has ten
leaves, nearly all grandly developed ; the largest
measures 4 feet 6 inches in length and 15 inches in
width. It seems difficult to imagine two finer, more
striking, and distinct ornamental foliaged plants than
these two. and they make grand exhibition speci-
mens. E. I).

Societies.

EDINBURGH BOTANICAL.

KovEMBEn 10.— The Society held its first meeting
for the session at 5, St. Andrew Square. Mr. Taylor,
and afterwards Dr. Craig, the new President, in the
chair.

The Society elected the following oflice-beareTs: —

President.— William Craig, M.D., CM., F.R.S.E.,
F.K.C.S.E.

Vice-Presidents. — Robert Lindsay, Rev. John Mac-
Murtrie, M.A. ; Symington Grieve, Andrew Taylor.

Councillors. — l-iev. .T. M. Robertson, M.A. ; Wil-
liam Watson, M.D. ; William B. Bovd, of F.aldon-
side; Thomas A. G. Balfour, M.D., F.R.S.E.,
F.E.C.P.E. ; Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith Palace Gar-
dens; Alexander Galletlv, David Christison, M.D. ;
Professor F. O. Bower,' M.A., F.R.S.E., F.L.S.;

Alexander Buchan, M.A.. F.R.S.E.; Hugh Cleg-
horn, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S.E.

Honorary Secretary. — Professor Sir Douglas Mac-
lagan, M.D.. LL.D.

Honorary Curator. — The Professor of Botany.

Foreign 'Secretary. — Andrew P. Aitken, M.A.,
D.Sc, F.R.S.E.

Treasurer. — Patrick Neill Fraser.

Assistant-Secretary. — John M. Macfarlane, D.Sc,
F.R.S.E.

The following communications were read : —

I. " The Flora of the Canaries." By Mr. G. F.
Scott Elliot, M.A. Cantab., B.Sc. Edin.

This paper gave an account of some of the more
interesting plants of tlie islands, illustrated by
specimens and photograj)lis. The majority of the
plants, after due allowance for introductions by
man, was shown to be of a distinctly Mediterr-
anean type: this being especially shown by the
fact that the neatest relations of many of the
peculiar plants are now found in that region. Some
evidence was given in favour of a former laud con-
nection with the continent of Africa, .ind the simi-
larity of the flora of the cloud region with that of
the "miocene in the South of Fr.ance, was held to
imply that the connection d.ated from miocene times.
Certain general tendencies of the climate in modify-
ing the plants thus introduced were also indicated.

II. " The Marine Algso of Elie, with Map of the
District." By Mr. G. N. Traill, Joppa.

III. " On Temperature and Vegetation at the Royal
Botanic Gardens." By Mr. R. Lindsay, Curator.

July. — All outdoor vegetation suffered severely
from the excessive drought which prevailed during
the month of July. There were frequent showers
of rain during the month, but the ground had become
so thoroughly parched that very little benefit was de-
rived therefrom. The day temperature was frequently
above 80°. the highest being 89°, on the 9th, and the
lowest 66°, on the 31st. The highest night tempera-
ture was 02°, on the 3rd, and the lowest, 35°, on the
6th. Many trees and shrubs had their growth
arrested. "Herbaceous plants were dwarl', but con-
tinued to fiower freely. Annuals and bedding plants
suffered least of all from the drought. On the rock
garden 235 species and varieties came into flower
during July, as against 282 during the corresponding
month last year.

August. — During this month the heat and drought
which characterised the previous months were con-
tinued well into the middle of the month, after which
time the weather became cooler, .and showers of rain
more frequent. The greatest difficulty was experi-
enced in keeping alpine and herbaceous plants alive
through the long-continued drought. Leaves of
trees were already turning yellow, .and artificial w,ater-
ing appeared to do more harm than good. It was
interesting to observe how well some plants were
capable of resisting drought. A few which seemed
to enjoy it were Zauschneria californica. Epilobium
obcordatum, Phygelius capensis. Escallonias, and
Ceanothus, all of which were finer flowered than
usual. The highest day temperature was 83°, which
occurred on the 28th ; and the lowest was 62°. on
the I7th. The lowest night temperature was 37°,
which occurred on the 22nd ; and the highest 56°,
on the 6th. There were twenty-one dry days. On
the rock garden seventy-three species came into
flower during August, as against eighty-six during
last August.

September. — This month was, on the whole, favour-
able, a good supply of rain fell during the first week ;
all danger from drought was now at an end. Occa-
sional heavy showers occurred at intervals during
the remainder of the month, but at no time was the
rainfall in excess. There were nineteen dry days.
The first frost this season took place on the night
of the 27th, when the thermometer registered 32°
On the 8th, I3th, and 18th, 36° were registered re-
spectively. The highest day temperature was 73°,
on the 1st, and the lowest 54 ', on the 14th.

Deciduous trees and shrubs shed their leaves
early ; Elm, Lime, and Lilac were among the first to
become denuded. Autumn tints were less interest-
ing than usual on most trees, an exception being
Pavia fiava, the foliage of which attained a rich
golden hue, and continued for a considerable time
without a leaf falling. Many plants made a second
growth, and instances of abnormal flowering were
pretty frequent. A fairly good crop of seeds of lier-
baceous plants was secured in excellent condition.
On the rock garden thirty-one species of plants came
into flower.

October.— 'Vbe past month has been cold and dry.

The thermometer was at or below the freezing point
on nine nights, indicating collectively 31° of frost
(while in October last year the thermometer just
reached the freezing point on one night). The
lowest readings were — on the 12th, 24° ; 15th, 28° ;
22nd, 25° ; 24th, 27° ; 25th, 29°. The lowest day
temperature was 42°, on the 24th, and the highest,
65°, on the 3rd. There were twenty-one dry days
during the month. Dahlias and other tender
bedding plants were cut down by frost on the 12th ;
the flowers of Anemone japonica .and its varieties
were injured at the same date. Kniphofia uvaria and
nobilis flowered exceedingly well, and were very bril-
liant throughout the month, as were also the various
species of Aster, or Michaelmas Daisies, Chrysanthe-
mum, Helianthus, Rudbeckia, and other Composita^.
Fruit was most abundant on Pyrus Aria and lati-
folia, Cotoneaster frigida and microphylla. Walnut,
and Holly ; while Yew, Thorn, Elder, and Snow-
berry produced moderate crops. Hardy Rho-
dodendrons, Azaleas, and other Ericaceous plants
are finely set with flower-buds, as was to be expected
from the thorough ripening the wood has under-
gone during and exceptionally dry and warm summer.
Fine eft'ects from autumnal tints were produced by the
common Beech ; Azalea pontica, Ampelopsis and
Liquidambar had also well coloured leaves. Biota,
Crvptomeria. .and other Conifers assumed their cha-
racteristic brown winter tinge early in the month.
On the rock garden, although a considerable number
of plants were still in blossom, only sixteen opened
their first flowers during October.

The tot,al number of species and varieties which
have flowered on the rock garden since January 1 is
1401. At the same dtite last year 1165 had flowered.

IV. "On Tempenature, Vegetation, &c., at the
Botanic Gardens, Glasgow." By R. BuUen, Curator.
Juli/. — The weather during the month has been
comp.aratively dry, a large proportion of flne days
having been recorded. Several days have been
change.able, with frequent but mostly very light
showers. Wh.at few heavy rains we have had have
generally fallen during the night or early morning,
and have had a very beneficial effect on vegetation :
but it is only within the last few days that the soil
was moistened to any .appreciable depth.

The unprecedented hot weather of last month was
not continued beyond the 2nd of July, since
which date we have experienced a normal July
temper.ature. The highest registered day tempera-
ture (in the shade) varied from 70° to 77°, but these
records were reached on seven days only. The
lowest night readings were— 37° during the night of
the 5th, and 39° during the night of the 17th. On
the latter date the record was 71° in the shade and
93° in the sun, which shows a sudden fall of tem-
perature.

All kinds of plants h.ave bloomed profusely,
although on most plants it has been of short dura-
tion. Most annuals, although planted on suitable
soil, have arrived at maturity in a stunted state.
Half-hardy plants have at last begun to make satis-
factory growth, so that now there is some prospect
of obtaining a few cuttings from them.

August. — Another very fine month falls to be re-
corded, but the rainfall has been deficient, conse-
quently many hardy shrubs have suffered much,
especially tliose under trees, where the few showers
that have fallen have been unable to reach them.

The m.aximum and minimum thermometers have
recorded no extreme of temperature, but generally
the readings have not been so high in any August
since 1884.

All kinds of hardy trees and shrubs in the open
ground have made excellent growth, and mostly
bear an abundance of fruit, but, owing to the pro-
longed drought. Apples have fallen from the trees
prematurely, and those which have ripened are veiT
small, in fact all fruits, though abundant, are small.
A good supply of seeds will be gathered from the
hardy herbaceous plants. What few annuals we
have were spring sown, and h.ave not done well.
This may be .attributed to the dry season and those
sown being saved from our own grown plants.

Experience has convinced us that our climate and
short seasons (even the most favourable summers)
cannot mature the seeds of Californian annuals suffi-
cient to germinate a strong and healthy plant. Most
bedding-out plants have been very floriferous up to
d.ate.

September. — The month may be considered a fine
one, bright sunny diiys having been frequent. No
frost has been registered here, the lowest reading
being 33°, but the mean temperature has been low
during the latter part of the month. The highest

NOVEMBEB 26, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

6fi3

maximum temperature (in the sliade) was 03'^ on the
1st. No heavy rain-storms have fallen since the
afternoon of August 31. Although showers have
been frequent during the ni;i:ht and early morning
the rainfall has not been above the average.

Many half-hardy plants, such as Dahlias, Helio-
trope, Ageratum, &c., are still in excellent bloom,
which is a sure indication of the absence of frost ; and
e/erything in the way of bedding-out plants has lat-
terly made excellent growth. Herbaceous plants
have ripened an abundance of seed. Fruits of all
kinds are small, but have rijif-ned well. This closes
one of the finest and most fruitful seasons recorded.

October. — During the month the thermometer has
been at or below the freezing-point seventeen times,
the lowest reading being 23°, or 9° of frost, during
the night of the 11th ; 8'^ were registered during the
nights of the 14th and 24th respectively — total, 6G° ;
and four times at freezing-point. These are the
lowest total minimum temperatures recorded in
October for many years. On the night of October 24.
1885, 12^ of frost was registered, but the total for the
month was only 29°. The rainfall has been light,
and except for the heavy fall of snow which clad the
mountains generally throughout the country on the
morning of the 10th, and the low night temperatures,
a very fine antumn month has been experienced, the
day temperature having been comparatively high.
The frequent frosts have quickly denuded the
deciduous trees of their foliage, which, owing to the
favourable season, was never seen to better advan-
tage.

DEVIZES CHRYSANTHEMUM.

NovEMDKR 15. — This is an annual exhibition, held
in connection with the Bazaar of the Benevolent
Society of Devizes, in order to raise means for the
dispensation of relief to the poor during the winter.
There was an admirable show, a very large company,
and a substantial gai» to the benevolent fund.

Some of the best plants staged this season were
seen at Devizes. In the class for six incurved varie-
ties, Mr. Heale, gr. to C. N. May, Esq., Elm Lodge,
])fvize3, was 1st with rather low trained but excel-
lently grown and bloomed plants, averaging 4.^ feet
across, and carrying from fifty to sixty fine blooms ;
the varieties were Lord Alcester, Empress of India,
John Salter, Mr. G. Bundle, Mr. Dixon, and White
Globe.

In the class for four plants, the only exhibitor was
Mr. J. Webb, gr. to W. Stancomb, Esq., Blounts
Court. Potterne ; a 2nd prize being awarded. Some
line plants of trained pompons were shown. Mr. H.
Clark, gr. to Major Colston, Roundway Park, De-
vizes, had the best six ; Mr. Webb had a 2nd prize
for four pompons. Specimen plants of Japanese were
also finely shown by Mr. Hall, his plants large, finely
grown and bloomed, and averaging thirty to fifty
blooms each. The varieties that secured for him the
1st prize were Madame de Sevin, a very fine speci-
men ; Hiver Fleuri, Bertha Rendatler, Soleil Levant,
Belle Fleur, and Maiden's Blush; 2nd, Mr. G.
Tucker, gr. to Major Clark, Trowbridge, with good
plants, but not up to the form of the others. Mr. H.
Clark had the best four, staging capital specimens.
In the class for three specimens, onf each of Mr. G.
Bundle, Mrs. Dixon, and George Glenny, Mr. Hall
was an excellent 1st, staging finely grown and
bloomed examples.

In the cut flower classes there was an excellent
competition, and some very fine blooms were staged.
In the class for twenty-four blooms, of not less than
tfighteen varieties, there were nine competitors, the
1st prize being a Gold Jubilee Cup, given by C. N.
May, Esq., Elm Lodge, value ten guineas, a real
gold cup, that must have cost more than this sum.
This was won by Mr. W. Wildsmith, gr. to Lord
Eversley, Heckfield Place, Winchfield, with excellent
blooms of Golden Empress, Queen of England,
Bronze Queen of England, Lord Alcester, Jeanne
.VArc. and Lord Eversley. 2nd. Mr. G. Trinder, gr.
to Sir H. Mildmay. Bart., Dogmersfield Park,
Winchfield, Hants, the 2nd prize being a Silver
Cup, the best blooms being Prince Alfred, Queen of
England, Golden Empress. Jeanne d'Arc, Nil Des-
perandum, Jardin des Plantes, Lady Hardinge. and
Mrs. Heale. 3rd, Mr. J. Horsefield, gr. to Lord Hey-
tesbury. Heytesbury, Wilts. Mr. Allen, gr. to Sir
Charles Russell, Bart., Swallowfield, Reading, had
the best twelve blooms of incurved out of nine com-
petitors, .staging in very good form Lord Alcester,
Lord Wolseley, Empress of India. Queen of Eng-
land ; 2nd, Mr. J. Horsefield, with Bronze Queen of
England, Golden Queen, and Queen of England, as
his best flowers. Then there was a class for the

same number of flowers, but to be shown with
4 inches of stem and foliage ; here Mr. C.N. May was
1st, with some very fine flowers; 2nd, Mr. J. Horse-
field. also showing some good flowers.

There were five stands of twelve blooms of re-
fiexed varieties, Mr. W. Allen being Ist with fine
flowers of Mdlle. Madeline Tezier, Cloth of Gold,
CuUingfordi ; 2nd, Mr. Wildsmith, and a close 2nd
too — his leading flowers being Amy Furze, Golden
Christine, Cloth of Gold.

There were eight stands of twelve large Anemone-
flowered varieties. Mr. F. J. Cole, Kockleaze,
Bristol, being Ist, with a very fine lot, consisting of
Ratapoll, Fabian de Mediana, Madame Bertha
Pigny, Lady Margaret: 2nd, Mr. Wildsmith, with
some very good blooms.

There were two classes in which ladies were the
competitors ; one was for a vase or epergne of cut
flowers or foliage for table decoration : Miss Louie
Jlerritt, Maryport Street, Devies, was 1st. But a
still more attractive class was for a basket of hardy
autumn foliage, and a goodly number of charmingly
arranged baskets were staged. Miss Hilda May,
Elen Lodge, was 1st.

Prizes were also offered for cottagers for six Chry-
santhemums in pots, and also for vegetables.

CLONMEL CHRYSANTHEMUM.

On Tuesday, November 1.5. this annual event, now
regarded with so much interest in the district, took
jilace at the Court House, Clonmel, and the anticipa-
tions of its success were more than realised. There
was a larger entry than, and the exhibits all round
exceeded in quality anything that had ever been
witnessed here before ; while the attendance of visi-
tors, at least in the afternoon, was greater than the
previous show. The quality of the exhibits was pro-
nounced, we understand, by the Curator of the
Dublin Botanic Gardens, Mr. Moore, who acted as
one of the Judges, to have been superior to any that
he had ever had an opportunity of judging, even in
Dublin, whilst the standard of merit was equal to
that of the best of the London shows. Last year
there may have been one or two blooms superior in
size to any shown upon the present occasion, but the
all-round merit of this year's exhibition exceeded
all its predecessors, and the prizes were verj' evenly
divided amongst the exhibitors, thus showing the
care generally bestowed upon the cultivation of the
Chrysanthemum in this district.

Large and beautiful collections of exotic and other
plants were kindly sent for decorative purposes, by
several residents of the neighbourhood. Amongst
their contributions were some very beautiful Orchids
in flower. Begonias, Caladiuras, Crotons, Maidenhair
and other Ferns, Draccenas, and other foliage plants.
These were arranged along the centre of the stage,
and contrasting with the magnificent bloom of the
Chrysanthemums all round, added greatly to the
general effect.

WINCHESTER CHRYSANTHEMUM.

NovEMiJEE 1.5 AND 16. — This Comparatively young
Society held its Chrysanthemum show in the large
rooms of the Guildhall, and ofl^ered a decided im-
provement on that of last year. Fruit and cut blooms
were placed on tables in the centre of the great
hall, with good effect as viewed from the gallery.
Cut blooms formed the leading feature, there being
an improvement upon other years in point of
numbers, and in the quality of the blooms.

In the class for forty-eight blooms five competi-
tors entered, making on the whole a capital show, Mr.
E. Molyneux, gr. to W. H. Myers, Esq., Swanmore
Park, Bishop's Walthara, was 1st, his incurved blooms
being considered better than those he had .staged
the previous week at Portsmouth in the contest for
the Cup, while the colourand general finish were very
superior. 2nd, Messrs. W. & G. Drover, nurserj'-
men, Fareham, with excellent blooms, the Japanese
being of massive proportions, and set up with skill ;
the incurved were also represented by many handsome
blooms ; 3rd, Mr. W. Neville, gr. to F. W. Flight,
Esq., Cornstiles, Twyford, Winchester, with fresh
neat specimens.

For twenty-four blooms, not less than eighteen
varieties. — 1st, Mr. J. Bowerman, gr. to C. Hoare,
Esq., Hackwood Park, Basingstoke, who had an
easy victory ; 2nd, Mr. S. Trinder, gr. to Sir Henry
Mildmay, Dogmersfield, Winchfield, who depended
chiefly on his Japanese varieties.

For twelve incurved. — 1st, Mr. Molvneux, for

capital (-'xamples of leading kinds ; 2nd, Mr. Neville,
with very creditable blooms.

For twelve Japanese. — 1st. Messrs. Drover, with
a fine stand, the bloom of Jeanne Delaux being a
very fine one ; Mr. Neville followed, with a fresh lot.

Twelve reflexed. — 1st, Messrs. Drover, with full
deep blooms.

Messrs. Drover took 1st for twelve Anemone
blooms.

For twelve blooms. — 1st, Mr. Dauncey, gr. to J.

B. Stane, E.sq., Buckfield, Basingstoke ; who was
followed by Mrs. Dewsberry, Twyford.

For twelve varieties of pompons, arranged in
bunches of three. — 1st, Mr. Molyneux, with a good
lot ; 2nd, Mr. Neville and the Hon. Secretary, the
latter taking 1st honours for twelve blooms in the
maiden class.

For the best collection of Chrysanthemums
arranged in a space 8 feet by 6 feet. — 1st, Mr. W.
Wareham, gr. to T. Cooke Burnell, E.sq., Egmont,
Winchester, with plants well adapted to the purjiose,
having fine blooms and foliage.

For six specimen Chrysanthemums, distinct. — 1st,
Mr. AVakeford, gr. to W. G. Harris, E.sq., Shirley,
winning easily with very fine specimens.

For the best miscellaneous group of plants in a
space 8 feet by 8 feet.— 1st. Mr. J. E. Alford, gr. to

C. Shipley, Esq., Twyford Moors, Winchester; and
2nd, Mr. JS^eville.

Grapes were well shown in the class for three
bunches, distinct. — Ist, Mr. J. Bowerman, staging Mrs.
Pearson, of extra good colour ; Muscat of Alexandria,
capital ; and Black Alicante. 2nd, Mr. Molyneux,
his bunches of Barbarossa being the most noticeable
of the exhibits.

For two bunches of black Grapes Mr. Molyneux led
the wav with good specimens of Black Alicante ;
2nd, Mr. Weaver.

For two bunches of white Grapes Mr. Bowerman
was easily Ist, with capital examples of Muscat of
Alexandria.

A bunch of Barbarossa of 8 lb. 12 oz. in weight
secured for Mr. Molyneux the Ist award for weight.

Dessert Apples were shown bv Mr, G. Best, gr. to
C. W. Chute, Esq., The Vyne, Basingstoke, and
others.

Kitchen Apples were shown by Mr. W. Butt, gr.
to the Earl of Xorthbrook, Alresford ; and Pears by
Mr. Trinder, who had good dishes of fruit in season.

Messrs. Bunyard, Maidstone, staged 1.50 dishes of
Apples and Pears, in capital condition.

CHELMSFORD AND ESSEX HORTI-

CULTURAL.

Perhaps the befit exhibition of Chrysanthemums
ever held by this Society was arranged in the Com
Exchange, Chelmsford, on Wednesday, the I6th
inst. The entries were more numerous than
usual, and the quality of the exhibits was very good.
The gi-oups of plants are now a prominent feature at
all these exhibitions. Messrs. Saltmarsh have
always been prominent in the class for groups, and
their arrangement was verj' tasteful, but they
were placed 2nd this vear, as the group from the
garden of H.C. Wells," Esq. (Mr. S, Pragnell, gr.),
contained more blooms of first-class quality, but it
was not so well set up. Another class was set apart
for groups, and the 1st prize was awarded to plants
from the garden of W. W. Duflield, Esq. (Mr. J.
Burrell, gr.). Excellent specimen plants were sent
from the gardens of Colonel Lowe (Mr. W, Danre,
gr.), and from Walter Gray, Esq. (Mr. T. Brazier,
gr.). An immense specimen of Japanese Fair Maid
of Guernsey with about 400 blooms on it, was
awarded the 1st prize and Certificate of the National
Chrysanthemum Society ; it was sent from the
garden of the Archdeacon of Essex (Mr. T. Green,
gr.). Mr. Pragnell was the leading exhibitor of cut
blooms, and won the Ist prize for twenty-four, in-
curved. Messrs. Saltmarsh were in the 1st place
for twenty-four Japanese. Those two exhibitors
also won the Silver Medals of the National
Society. Mr. T, Brazier also exhibited excellent
blooms of Japanese varieties, and won 1st prizes Ib
the classes for six and twelve varieties. Excellent
Pears were sent by Mr. S. Moore, gr, to the Bishop of
St. Albans, Danebury ; and by Mr. G. Gadd, gr. at New
Hall, Boreham. Dessert Apples from Mr. Gadd, and
kitchen Apples from Mr.W. Smale, gr. to Robert Wood-
house, Writtle, also won Ist prizes in their respective
classes. The collections of vegetables were also
exceptionally good, that from Mr. Pragnell taking
the 1st place, A basket of splendid Tomatos was
exhibited by Mr. T. Harris, of Chelmsford ; fruit and

664

THE GABDENERS' CHFONICLE.

[JIOVEMBEB 2G, 1887.

vegetables by Mr. T. Simpson, also of Clielrasford.
Extra prizes were awarded to both the last-named
exhibitors. Excellent Chinese Primulas and plants
for dinner-table decoration were exhibited, and really
good productions in other classes. Special mention
should be made of a collection of sixtv-seven varie-
ties of Potatos from Mr. W. French, of Harlow ;
they well deserved the extra prize awarded to them. '

YOBK FLORISTS' CHRYSANTHEMUM.

The Ancient .Society of York Florists held their
annual show of Chrysanthemums on Wednesday,
November IG, in the Yorkshire Fine Art Institution.
This Society has done much in the past to stimulate
floriculture, and their periodical exhibtions of flowers
during the past summer have been of the most suc-
cessful character. But of course the gi-eat show of
the Society is that devoted solely to the exhibition of
Chrysanthemums. On entering the Central Hall,
the visitors' attention was at once attracted by the
magnificent disjday of Chrysanthems of varied colour.
Passing into the Great Hail there was found even a
more brilliant display of these flowers. The Society
has for some time experienced considerable difliculty
in getting together groups of miscellaneous plants,
which, when shown, added variety to the exhibition.
This difficulty was chiefly owing to the lateness of
the season, when gardeners do not think it desirable
to expose tender exotics to the chill atmosphere, and
the committee decided to discontinue that class, and
this gave the exhibition a more distinct feature as a
Chrysanthemum show.

The show of gi'oups, interspersed with foliage
plants arranged for effect, and occupying a space not
exceeding 100 feet, was very fine, and a decided im-
provement on last year. The 1st prize, a Silver Cup,
given by Aid. Sir Joseph Terry, was won by Mr. J.
T. Kingston, of the North Riding Asylum (gr., Mr.
Mcintosh), who also took the cup last year. Dr.
Baker, of The Retreat (gr., Mr. D.awe), came next,
the other prizes being awarded to Mr. James Key and
* Mr. Councillor Makins.

In the 64 feet groups, Chrysanthemums only, Mrs.
Gutch (Mr. Everard. gr.) obtained premier honours.
Dr. Baker coming next, while the 3rd prize was car-
ried off by Mr. J. Pillmor,,an am.ateur, who exhibited
a very creditable collection. Amongst the exhibi-
tors of Japanese varieties incurved and re-
flexed varieties are a number whose names are
familiar to our readers from the interest they have
taken in these flowers for several years and the
number of prizes they succeed in obtaining each ye.ar.
The specimens were of excellent quality, the Japanese
especially showing a decided improvement, while the
incun-ed were remarkably well cultiv.ated. Primulas
were also an excellent "show. The bouquets and
epergnes were very tastefully arranged.

One attractive feature of the exhibition was un-
doubtedly tlie Grapes, wliich were displaved just in
front of the orchestra. Tlie 1st prize," value £5,
given by the Vice-President and the stewards,
for six bunches, three varieties, two bunches of
each, was won by tlie Earl of Harrington (gr., Mr.
Goodacre), who showed the Gros Colmar, Muscat of
Alexandria, and Mrs. Pearson varieties. The Gros
Colmar were fine large berries, but the bunches
were not so large as those which took the prize last
year, though it is only fair to add that last year's
exhibits were of extraordinary size and quality.
Mr. Neville, of Grantham, was '2nd, with Muscat of
Alexandria, Lady Downe's, and Black Alicante ;
and the 3rd prize was awarded to Lord Hotham,
who, in addition to showing Muscat of Alexandria
and Black Alicante, introduced Muscat of Ham-
burgh.

The galleries were occupied with the vegetables
and Apples and Pears, of which there was an excel-
lent collection. Messrs. James Backhouse & Son,
of York, exhibited a large collection of Apples and
Pears, not for competition ; and Messrs. H. Deverill
& Co., of Cornhill. Banbury, showed a splendid collec-
tion of Onions. York Herald.

BYSE, ISLE OF WIGHT, CHRYSAN-
THEMUM.

This show was opened on Wednesday, the lOtli
inst. The Mayor, in opening it, congrtitulated the
committee on the success of their eft'orts. The
various exhibits filled both halls, more than 900 cut
blooms of Chrysanthemums being displayed. The
classes for lady exhibitors were well filled ; baskets
of Chrysanthemums, epergnes, autumn foliage,
attracted great attention.

The Silver Cup, value £5, presented by J. 0.
Brook, Esi|., for growers in the Isle of Wight only,
caused a sharp contest between Messrs. H. Drover &
Son, Ventnor, and Mr. Wilkins, gr. to S. W. Ridley,
Esq., the latter only winning by two points.

In the classes for fruit, the black Grapes exhibited
Ijy T. B. Riley, Esq., the principal prize-taker, were
well finished.

Group of Chrysanthemums 7 by .5 feet. — 1st and
Cup, Jlr. J. Taplin, florist, Ryde ; 2nd, Messrs.
James & Son, Kyde.

Six specimen plants.— 1st. Mrs. Barnes ; 2nd, S.
E. Riley, Esq.

Single specimen, Japanese variety. — 1st, Jlrs.
Harvey, Shanklin ; 2nd, S. W. Ridley, Esq.

Single specimen, incurved.— 1st, S. W. Ridlev,
Esq. ; 2nd, S. E. Riley.

Thirty-six cut blooms, twenty-four varieties. — 1st,
Messrs. W. & G. Drover, Fareham ; 2nd, E. Rat-
cliffe, Esq.

Twenty-four cut blooms, eighteen varieties. — 1st,
W. & G. Drover ; 2nd, D. Hamilton, Esq.

Twelve cut blooms, Japanese, distinct.— 1st, W. &
G. Drover.

Twelve Anemones, Japanese. — 1st, W. & G.
Drover.

Twelve cut blooms, Japanese, all white. — 1st, W.
& G. Drover.

Hand Bouquet.— 1st, Mrs. C. Taplin ; 2nd, Mrs.
W. Drover. There were fifteen entries.

The amateur class. Isle of Wight onh-. — J. 0.
Brook, Esq., took the premier prizes.

Special Prizes. — Best bloom in show. Isle of Wight
only, was awarded to Mr. J. Wilkins, for a grand
bloom of Thunberg ; Messrs. Drover & Son were
very close, with a good bloom of Val d'Andorre,
not full, but of fine colour. E. Ratclifl'e, Esq. (gr.,
Mr. J. Atwill), was awarded, on Cannell's system of
judging, the 1st prize, accompanied by a piece of
plate, for a stand of fifty-four blooms.

The cottagers' class, consisting of more than
fifty entries, was a remarkably good one.

■The other attraction of the show consisted of a
competitive display of cage birds.

Great credit is due to Mr. Eley, the popular
Secretary, for the way the Ryde sliows are carried
out.

TAUNTON DISTRICT GARDENERS'
ASSOCIATION CHRYSANTHEMUM,
PRIMULA, AND FRUIT SHOW.

The above exhibition was held in the London
Hotel Assembly Rooms on November 17. In conse-
quence of the weather being exceptionally severe
several collections were unavoidably not staged, still
there was sufficient shown to fill the allotted space.
About seventy classes were provided by the schedule,
with liberal prizes, the result being a very excellent
display of plants, cut flowers, and fruit. Cut blooms
especially were good. A Silver Cup, value five
guineas, given by the Hon. C. Allsop, M.P., was won
by Mr. C. Lucas, gr. to J. Marshall, Esq., with a grand
lot of Japanese and incurved varieties, eighteen of
each. Mr. Thomas, gr. to Wilfred Marshall. Esq., and
R. W. Beachy, Kings Kerswell, were the other princi-
pal prizetakers for cut blooms. Plants were well shown,
Mr. Thomas taking the piece of plate for 1st prize
given by the Mayor of Taunton. Table plants and
Primulas formed also a great feature of the show, the
classes being well contested. Grapes were unusually
good and numerously contested in the various classes.
Apples and Pears were very good indeed.

SEVENOAKS CHRYSANTHEMUM.

A CHnTs.iNTHEJicJI and fi-uit show, in connection
with the Gardeners' Mutual Iinjirovement Society,
was held in the Kippington Parish Room on tlie
16th and 17th inst. A capital collection of plants,
cut blooms and fruit was brought together. The
arrangements made by Mr. 4. Hoadley, the Hon.
Secretary, assisted by the committee, were all that
could be desired.

Specimen plants were in fine condition, the blooms
being large and foliage good. For the best six
trained specimens Mr. W. Searing, gr. to R. Moncton,
Esq., Oak Lodge, was 1st, with medium-sized plants
of high merit, his best being Val d'AndoiTe and
Roseum superbura ; 2nd, Mr. J. Smith, gr. to J.
Moore, Esq., The Mount, who had large plants, but
not quite at their best ; 3rd, Mr. S. Cooke, gr. to
De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield.

Although there was a falling off" in the numbers of
groups of Chrysanthemums for eflTect, as compared

with last year, there was much improvement ob-
served in the quality of these. The 1st prize was taken
by Mr. S. W. Searing, who had a very nice arrange-
ment ; his plants which consisted principally of
Japanese varieties, ranged in height from 18 inches
to 6 feet. Mr. S. Cooke was a good 2nd, with a
similar arrangement.

Single specimens. — Here Mr. Searing was again to
the fore with a finely flowered Val d'Andorre.

Cut Btoonis. — For twelve varieties, incurved. — 1st,
Mr. Searing, with an even box of medium-sized
blooms ; Mr. S. Cooke was a good 2nd.

Twelve varieties, Japanese. — 1st, Mr. Searing.

Ferns were well shown by Mr. G. Latter and Mr.
.1. Smith ; and table plants by Mr. J. Bolton and
Mr. J. Smith.

E.xcellent Poinsettias were staged by Mr. J. Smith ;
and Chinese Primulas by Mr. A. Hatton, gi". to Mrs.
Swanzy, The Quarry.

Grapes and hardy fruits were shown, but nothing
that was worthy of especial notice was observed. A
Correspondent .

RUGBY AND DISTRICT.

NoVEMHEE 16 AND 17. — The first annual show of
the Rugby and District Chrysanthemum, Fruit and
Floricultural Society was held at the Town Hall,
when, although the entries were confined to a radius
of ten miles, they were so numerous that both the
Assembly Room and the Market Hall had to be
utilised. The M.arket Hall was almost entirely
occupied by the groups each of which covered a
space of 80 square feet, the blooms being remarkably
fine, their colours being blended tastefully. It was
noticeable that few incurved varieties were to be seen
among the pot plants ; the Japanese sorts were vastly
predominant.

In the open class equal Ists were given to the
groups sliown by Mr. J. Parker, of the Victoria
Nurseries, and Mr. B. Robinson, gr. to Mrs. Calde-
cott. The Lodge, Rugby. The 3rd prize in this
class went to a handsome collection staged by Mr.
H. King, gr. to Dr. Percival, the head master of
Rugby School.

Four groups were staged in the class for residents
in Rugby and New Bilton, and the 1st prize went to
a rich display sent by Mr. .J. Morton, gr. to the I^ev.
F. D. Morice ; Mr. Vf. G. Michell was a good 2nd.
In addition to these groups, two collections of well
bloomed plants were sent by the Misses Pennington,
Southfield, not for competition, and Mr. J. Paiker
arranged a nice group of Palms, Ferns, Crotons. &c.
The cut blooms were remarkably fine, and included a
large proportion of large, well-gi'own incurved varie-
ties, while the Japanese sorts were particularly
striking for their immense size and diversity of
colouring.

Mr. Robinson obtained the premier position in tlie
open class for the collection of twenty-four blooms,
and also of twelve natural spikes ; Mr. A. J. Kil-
bourne, Bilton Hall Gardens, who was 2nd for
blooms, staged a well-grown lot. The honours for
specimen plants were divided between Mr. Robinson
and Mr. Parker. Mr. J. Arnsby, gr. to Mr. A. H.
Harrison, Dunchurch Hall, was 1st for a superior lot
of Primulas.

The competition for Apples and Pears was very
brisk. Mr. E. Hancox. gr. to Colonel Caldecoti,
Holbrook Grange, and Mr. Robinson, Mr. King, and
Mr. A. J. Kilboume were the most successful exhibi-
tors, their fruit being very fine. Mr. Hancox also
sent thirty-four dishes of handsome Pears and
Apples, not for competition, wliich were supplemented
by a collection of Apples and some ornamental Gourds
sent by Mr. Bottrill, gr. to Mis. Tunn.ard, Rugby.

The cottagers came out very well in Chrysanthe-
mums, and some well-grown specimens were shown.
The vegetable and fruit productions were, however,
by no means largely represented.

The collections of vegetables in the open class
were very good, Messrs. C. Kimberley & Son, Stoke
Nurseries, being 1st ; and we must not omit to men-
tion a basket of very large Potatos exhibited, not
for competition, by Mr. Andrews, Cambridge Street.

WELLINGTON CHRYSANTHEMUM
AND FRUIT.

November 18. — Tliis was the first exhibition (f
Chrysanthemums and fruit the above Society has
held. The grand display brought together augurs
well for the future, tiie quality of the plants, cut
blooms, and fruit comparing well with any exhibited
at the neighbouring exhibitions. The principal

NovmiBEE 26, 1887.]

THE GAB DENE BS' CEBONICLE.

665

class for cut blooms was keenly contested. Mr.
Cooper, gr. to C. L. Collard, Esq., Abbotsfield,
Wiveliscombe, was deservedly awarded 1st prize ;
2nd, Mr. C. H. Fox; 3d, Mr. "Barnes, p;r. to Sir T.
C. Daniel, Stoodleigb Court, Tiverton ; Mr. McMillan ,
gr. to Sir Geo. Stuckley, Bart., Bideford, sharing the
honours in the other classes. Each competitor staged
excellent blooms, the judging in every class being
rather difScult.

Fruit was very good, especially the Grapes, in
which Mr, Cooper took 1st and ^ir. Barnes 2nd in
the principal class.

Scotland.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIA-
TION'S CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW.

A MEETING of the sub-committee of the above
Association, appointed to conduct the organisation
of the second Chrysanthemum show to be held under
the Association's auspices, was held on Saturday, the
19th inst., at 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, Mr.
D. P. Laird, President, in the chair. The business of
the meeting was to hear and consider the Secretary's
report on the prospects of the forthcoming show, and
meantime to make arrangements for the preliminary
work of the committee in connection with the show.
The show, as has been announced, takes place in the
Music Hall, Edinburgh, on the 29th and 30th inst.,
and is to be opened by the Lord Provost, Sir Thomas
Clark, Bart. Nothing can yet be said as to the
number of entries, as they did not close till Friday,
the 25th inst., but there are promises of support
from all parts of Scotland. The interest in the Chry-
santhemum has been growing steadily in Scotland
during the past few years, and found expression in
public for the very first time in Edinburgh last year,
when the Association took the matter up at the
solicitation of many of its members in ditFerent parts
of the country. Many growers have been preparing
for the coming show, and there is every reason to an-
ticipate that it will be thoroughly representative of
the country and altogether good.

North of Scotland Hoeticultural Association.

The fortnightly meeting of the members of this
Association was held in the Music Hall Buildings.
Aberdeen , on Friday evening, the 18th inst. Mr, James
Cocker, Sunnypark, President, occupied the chair.
Three papers were read to the members, of whom there
was a good attendance. The first paper was read by
Mr. Peter Harper, Duthie Public Park, Aberdeen
the subject being " Horticulture in and around
London." The paper contained a deal of valuable
hints and information, and was well received. A
paper contributed by Mr. Gray, of York, was next
read by Mr. Alexander Robson, an Honorary
President of the Association. The subject of Mr.
Gray's paper was Orchids, and these plants were
dealt with in a very exhaustive manner by the
writer, who gave valuable information regarding the
diflFerent species of Orchids, native and exotic, the
characteristics of the best species, describing the
composts best suited for them, and hints regarding
their cultivation and selection. At the close the Presi-
dent said the paper was one of the best ever read to the
Association, and thought they should get it printed
and circulated. This proposal was supported by Mr.
Kobson, and it is understood the suggestion will be
carried out. Mr. \Vm. Reid, Secretary, then read a
contribution on " Tea Roses in Pots on their own
Roots." by Mr. A. Innes, Linn, Keith. Like the
others, this paper was very well written, and con-
tained some practical hints as to the cultivation of
Tea Roses in pots. A short discussion followed the
reading of each paper, and at the close votes of
thanks were accorded Messrs. Harper, Gray, and
Innes, for their contributions, and also to Messrs.
Robson and Reid for reading the papers from York
and Keith.

A cordial vote of thanks to thePresident for pre-
siding terminated a most instructive and enjoyable
evening's proceedings.

Gardeners' Term.
November 11 is a notable day in the Calendar for
journeymen and foremen gardeners, and it is no less
80 for the nurserymen and seedsmen of Edinburgh.
From all parts of the country young gardeners flock
at an early hour in hundreds to the Northern capital,
so as to be present at one or other of the shops or
offices ot the firm with whom their late employer
may have dealt. They have left their situations, in
which perhaps they have served twelve or more
months, and have come to Edinburgh on the mere
chance of being sent out to others, on their present-
ing themselves to the firm to whom they are
accredited. If he does not like the conditions or the
prospects of the engagement offered him he must
stand aside and shift for himself, as he very rarely
gets other than Hobson's choice.

Arrangements are usually made by letter be-
tween the head gardeners in distant parts of the
country and the nurserymen with whom they deal
as to the number of men that may be changing
places. Head gardeners at convenient distances
from Edinburgh usually come into the city on the
morning of the term day, and select their own men
personally. But all pass through the nurseryman's
liands, and his books record the destination of each
young man engaged. The scene in the neighbour-
hood of some of the larger shops on Friday last was
suggestive. Three or four score young men sur-
rounded the doorway, blocked the footway, and over-
flowed into the street about mid-day. Perfect good-
humour prevailed, notwithstanding the expression of
expectancy that marked each countenance. It was
understood that the supply greatly exceeded the
demand, so that probably not half the number of
candidates would find places. An hour or two later
the crowd had diminished considerably. The for-
tunate ones had been called to the inner sanctums
and heard their fate, and had gone elsewhere on
business or pleasure; those that remained weie
evidently less expectant. Each individual betrayed
the conviction that was deepening on his mind with
the departure of every member of the lessening
crowd — that there was one chance the le*;s for him.

The actual numbers that pass through the nur-
serymen's hands on any particular November 11
cannot be accurately ascertained, for reasons which
we need not now explain ; but on the last term day,
perhaps, the number that presented themselves to
the several firms in Edinburgh must probably have
exceeded 300. Of this number probably not one
half got situations. In ordinary times the surplus
men usually find employment in the various nur-
series till spring, when they may be sent out as
supernumeraries when cropping and other work in
the garden renders additianal labour necessary. We
fear that very few of the unengaged will this
winter find an asylum in the nurseries. They were
already overstocked with hands before the term, and
the prospects of trade are too flat to induce nur-
serymen to increase their labour account. The chances
of employment for a hundred or more able-bodied
men suddenly thrown on the market, as in this case,
are bare indeed.

There is a fine patriarchal aspect about this
system of dealing with the destiny of young gardeners.
It has all the marks of an institution of other days.
It took shape at a time when the means of com-
munication and correspondence between North and
South were more cumbersome, slow, and costly, than
now, and when Edinburgh was a sort of half-way
house between the propagating-beds of Northern
gardeners and the goal of their ambition, the wealthy
and more prosperous South. In those times, no
doubt, it answered well. Edinburgh was then, per-
haps, the best centre in Britain from which to draw
young men of fair education and good professional
training to fill the gaps in the ranks, and by-and-
bye to lead in their various capacities the horticul-
tural forces of England. But now Edinburgh has no
monopoly of this business. Surely, therefore, some
better way might be devised of disposing of the future
of young men for even only twelve months — the
usual duration of a journeyman's engagement — than

that of inducing him to incur the expenses of a
journey of 50 miles, less or more, on the mere chance
of getting a situation. The matter is in the hands
of the masters and the young men themselves, and
we would merely venture to suggest that an improved
system might be found in the ordinary channels of
correspondence, and direct exchanges by mutual
agreement between masters and men.

Mrs. Johnston.
The late Mr. George Johnston, of Glamis Castle
Gardens, has, we are informed, left his widow and
family in straitened circumstances. To remedy this
state of things his friends have started a subscrip-
tion, to which, doubtless, many of Mr. Johnston's
friends would gladly contribute. The treasurer is
Mr. George Nicoll, Tay Beach Cottage, West Ferry,
by Dundee.

The Weather.

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature aoove or
below 3y' F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for on
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Above or

Accumulated.

Sd

So

below the

t,

M

01 "-s

t'Z

Mean for

•2 j^

'S.M*

i s

the week
ending

^is

>

n"

^■=g

-m

Nov. 21.

Si

Zs^

if

<:*

nJ3

Principal Wheat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day-

Day-

ducing Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg. deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

1 below

8

28

+ 42 + 70

1. Scotland, E. ...

2 below

2

35

+ 69 + 84

2. England. N.E....

9 below

0

45

— 83 + 124

3. England, E. ...

8 below

0

f5

— 1.52

+ 248

4. Midland Cos. ...

8 below

0

65

— 121

+ 248

5. England. S. ...

8 below

0

48

214

+ 253

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

3 below

3

38

- 89

+ 101

7. England.N.W....

8 below

0

48

- 97

+ 155

8. England, S.W. ...

7 below

3

38

- l,-8

+ 232

9. Ireland. N. ...

4 below

3

32

f 10.

t 38

10. Ireland, S.

6 below

7

38

t- 10c

^- 136

— Channel Islands

5 below

18

9

- Ill

f 85

Rainfall.

Bright

Sunshine.

DISTRIOTB.

1,;

1^

•s=s

5il

1-

1*

H

ill

Principal Wheat-pro-

Tenths of

ducing Districts.

0. Scotland, N. ...

1 more

207

34.7

16

23

1. Scotland, E. ...

4 IMS

156

21.8

20

32

2. England, N.E. ...

5 less

146

17.6

19

32

3. England, E. ...

4 less

139

17.1

35

40

4. Midland Cos. ...

4 less

124

17.3

30

36

6. England, S.

2 less

128

13.7

21

40

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

7 less

154

31.8

2.-1

35

7. England.N.W....

8 less

134

21.0

28

36

8. England. S.W....

4 less

131

23.5

40

46

9. Ireland, N.

4 less

158

27.8

22

32

10. Ireland, S.

0 (aver).

133

24.0

39

40

— Channel Islands

1 more

149

21.2

44

50

666

TEE GAEDENEBS' CERONICLE.

[November 26, 1887.

MEAN TEMPERATITEE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING DEC. 3. (AVERAGE OP
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Not. 27 ...

... 41°.4

Doc. 1

. 410.3

„ 28 ...

... 410.4

„ 3

.. 41°.3

„ 29 ...
.. 30 ...

... 4I°.4
... 41''.3

„ 3

Mean for the week

.. 410.3
. 410.3

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Nov. 21, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office: —

*' The weather has been cloudy or dull generally,
with a good deal of mist or fog at all our more
southern stations. During the ISth snow and sleet
were experienced in the south-eastern districts, and
towards the end of the week rain fell in most parts
of the kingdom.

" The temperature has been below the mean ; in
Scotland the deficit ranged from 1° to 3°, and in
Ireland from 4° to 6°, while over the greater part of
England the average temperature for the week was
as much as 8° or 9"^ below the normal value for the
season. The highest of the maxima, which were
recorded on irregular dates, ranged from 45° in the
' Midland Counties,' to 50° or 51° over ' Scotland,' and
in ' Ireland, S.' The lowest of the minima were gener-
ally recorded either on the 15th or 16th, when the
thermometer fell to between 16° and 22° over Eng-
land, and to between 19° and 22° over Ireland and
Scotland; in the 'Channel Islands' the minimum
was 31°.

" The rainfall has been rather more tlian the m^an
in ' Scotland, N.,' and the * Cnannel Islands,' and
equal to it in ' Ireland, S.,' but in all other districts
it has been considerably less.

"Bright sunshine shows an increase on that recorded
last week, the percentage of the possible amount of
duration ranging from 16 in ' Scotland, N.,' to 35
in ' England, E.," 39 in ' Ireland, S.,' 40 in ' England,
S.W.,' and 44 in the ' Channel Islands.' In London
the percentage was only 7."

FRANCOIS LACHARME.— We extract the follow-
ing notice of a famous Rose grower from our con-
temporary the Gardeners' Magazine: —

"Francois Lacharme, born January 28, 1817, at
St. Didier-sur-Charonne, Ain, France, died Novem-
ber 5, 1887, at Lyon. His father was an agriculturist,
and was desirous to see his son pursue the same
profession, but the Roses in his fathers garden at an
early age had attracted his attention and admiration,
and inspired him with the desire to devote himself to
their cultivation. At last his father consented to
his wishes, and placed him, in 1836, as an apprentice
with Mr. Poncet, at Lyon, where he made the
acquaintance of Mr. Piantier, the rosarian, who
engaged him to go to Paris, and gave him an intro-
duction to Mr. Pirolle, the founder of the Bon Jar-
dinier, who obtained for him a situation in a large
horticultural establishment in the neighbourhood of
the Palace of the Luxembourg, the gardens of which
were directed by Mr. Hardy, the well known amateur
of Roses. It was here Francois Lacharme spent all
his leisure time in admiring and studying thp Roses.
In 1840 Mr. Piantier offered him to concede him his
Rose establishment, which he accepted and returned
to Lyon. Assisted by Plantier's counsels, he began
to sow Rose seeds, and obtained soon a new variety,
which he named Hybrid Remontant (Ernestine de
Barante), which was sent out in 1843. Since that
time he continued to sow Rose seeds very exten-
sively, and obtained a great number of very fine
varieties, which nearly all continue to ornament the
collections everywhere. Fran9ois Lacharme was
esteemed by all those who knew him as a very
laborious and intelligent man, and straightforward
in all his speech and conduct. Jean Sisley, Lyon."

Enquiries.

*' He that questioneth much shall learn mitch." — Bacon.

Narcissi. — Ilaworth, in his Monograph of those
plants, speaks of his dried specimens as being tlip
vouchers for his descriptions^ Can any one kindly
tell me where any dried specimens, or MS., of Ha-

worth's are now preserved ? Sabine and Salisbury
both wrote and interested themselves ranch about
Narcissi, and I am anxious to know if dried speci-
mens were left by either, and where they are now.
Are there any original drawings or M8. of Salis-
bury's relating to Narcissus in the British Museum ?
I should esteem it a great favour if Mynheer Krelage
would kindly tell me if there is any special Mono-
graph of Narcissus published in Holland, or in what
Dutch works the numerous seedlings of Narcissus
Tazetta are best figured and described. Are there
collections of original drawings of Narcissi preserved
in any of the public librafies of Holland? F. JV. B.

Notices to Correspondents.

African Grasses for Vases : Old Broad Street.
These are not grasses, but various species of
Restiaceie, a group of plants abounding in the
south-west districts of Cape Colony, and of which
a monograph has been published by Dr. Masters.
They are of little use save, perhaps, for thatching
and paper-making ; but many of the species of
Thamnochortus are very suitable for the purpose
indicated.

Books : X. Johnsons Gardeners' Dktionari/, with
supplement, is published by G. Bell & Sons, York
Street, Covent Garden, London, to whom you
should apply for the price.

Calanthe : Miss S. Union of two flowers not un-
common. Many thanks.

Chrysanthemum Queen of England : A. H. The
blush — the original flower — was raised by Salter,
and was found at exhibitions previously to 1850.
The yellow form. Golden Queen of England, was
a sport from it obtained by Salter.

Correction. — At p. 630, bottom of col. c. Rose
" Therese Levet " should read Souvenir de Therese
Levet.

Mice and Snowdrops and Crocuses: W.H. When
planting these, chopped up Furze foliage strewn
over the corms and bulbs before filling in the holes,
acts as a great deterrent. Trapping is the best
remedy for the evil afterwards. Poison might be
used, but it is often destructive of other life one
would rather preserve, and is therefore not to be
recommended generally.

Moss Litter : J. E. This is the best absorbent and
deodoriser as litter ever used, and is in conse-
quence of great value as a manure for veget.ables,
or anvthing else. Your gardener misapprehends
its value as a plant invigorator. Its effects are
rapidly made visible.

Xames of Fruit : G. S. 1, Jersey Gratioli ; 2, not
known; 3. Gipsey King; 4, Golden Knob; 5,
Court of Wick ; 6, 7, Fearn's Pippin. — A. Black.
1, Mere de Menage ; 2, 3, not known ; 4, Colonel
Vaughan ; 5, Brabant Bellefleur ; 6, Yorkshire
Greening ; 7, King of the Pippins ; 8. Mother.
Pears : 1, Beurr^ Bosc ; 2, Britisli Queen ; 3,
Duchesse d'Angoulfime ; 4, Althorp Crassane ;
5, Ne Plus Meuris; 6, Glou Mor9eau ; 7, 8, Beurr6
Diel; 9, Easter Beurr6. — Hants. 1, Urbaniste ; 2,
not known ; 3, Old Crassane ; 4, Huyshe's Vic-
toria ; 5, Beurre Bosc. The fruit badly packed,
and over-ripe in several cases. — Geo. Bugg. Pear
Winter Crassane; the Apples we do not recognise.
— W.H. Pear Marechal de la Cour ; Apple not
known: a worthless sort. — J. B. 1, Hacon's
Incomparable ; 2. Beurre gris d'Hiver ; 3, Huyshe's
Bergamot ; 4, King of the Pippins ; 5, Court
Pendu Plat ; 6, Hoary Morning. — Subscriber J. H. S.
1, New Hawthomden ; 2, rotten; 3, Napoleon;
4, b, Beurre Diel ; 6, Hacon's Incomparable. —
J. H. W. 1, Tnimpington ; 2, King of the Pip-
pins ; 3, Golden Noble. — D. M. 1 and 3, we are
not sure of ; 2, Warner's King ; 4, Nonesuch ; 5,
Crimson Queening. — H. F. 7, Wareham Russet ;
8, Mannington's Pearmain : 9, Beauty of Kent ;
10, Manks' Codlin ; 11, Court Pendu Plat; 12,
Duchesse d'Angouleme. — J. G. J. The large
Apple is Emperor Alexander ; the other Calville
rouge d'Automne. — J. Bryan. 1, Round Winter
Nonsuch ; 2, not known ; 3, Gloria Mundi. —
A. Moore. 1, Tom Putt ; 2, not recognised ; 3,
Passe Colmar ; 4, Catillac ; 5, Huyshe's Victoria.

Names of Plants : A. J. Y. We do not undertake
to name Chrysanthemums. — E. H. C. 1, 2, 3, all
forms of Rhamnus Alatsrnus. — G. G.]L. 4, Salvia
involucrata ; 5, S. eplendens ; 6, S. Monaieur

Issanchou. — A. M. 3. Syringa emodi ; 6, Asple-
nium umbrosum. — W. J. A. 1, Selenipediiun
Sedeni, a monstrous form ; 2, S. longifolium. —
Morgan. 1, Oncidium flexuosum; 2, AgathoBa
ccelestis ; 3, Maranta Makoyana ; 4, Streptocarpus
Rexii ; 5, Echium vulgare.

Orchid Flowers : A. de M., Gendbriigge. The liquid
should consist of glycerine and water in equal
proportions.

Scale on Peach Trees : G. S. As a winter dressing
for these fruit trees there is nothing so safe and
effectual as Gishurst Compound, used at the rate
of 4 oz. to the gallon of water. To this mixture
should be added clay and a little cow-manure and
soot, which will make a better body to cover up
the scale, and which will adhere better than the
soap and water when used alone.

The Pansv : B. G. We know of no recent work that
specially treats of the Pansy, but much informa-
tion may be found in works on gardening such as
Thompson's Gardeners' Assistant, Macintosh's BooX:
of the Garden, and others. The numerous varie-
ties now found in gardens have been obtained by
hybridising the native Viola tricolor with the
exotic V. grandiflora and V. altaica.

Vines : F. G. What you purpose doing to renovate
the neglected Vines and get rid of the mealy-
bug present would be aided by your using
petroleum in the soapy water used on the walla
and woodwork of the vinery, and in small
quantity — a wineglass to 3 gallons of water — in that
used to cleanse the Vines themselves. " Petro-
leum Emulsion," sold by some nurserymen, is
excellent as a dressing for Vines infested with
insects. To cut ripe Grapes on July 1, start the
house in the third week of January. The hot-
water pipes in the soil at the back of the house
should, for greater safety, be placed in a brickwork
channel. To have the Muscats ripe at the date
named (Sept. 30), start them not later than the
middle of March. Keep an eye on our Calendar,
" Fruits under Glass."

Communications Received.— J. D. B.— J. E. F.— W. T.—
H. W.— H. Low & Co.— C. S.— G. W. U.— W. M. B.— A. D.
—J. J. W.— R. T.— F. S. & Co.— D.— G. H. D.—W. B.—
East Anglia.-J. B.— H. B.— K. G. \V. (yes; pleiise send
report). — T. Harris (many thanks, but your note came to
hand too late for use).— W- G. S.— R. B. L.— G. N.— A. A.
Peeters, Brussels.— R. Florence.— S. B.— E. B.—W. T.,
Berlin.— O. D., Dresden.— G. V. V., Brussels (fruit will be
tiguredshortly).- MissSallivan.- Secretiiry, R, H.S.— W. F.,
Hawaii.— R. A, R.— W. Soutar.— S. H. M. H.

Correspondents sendint/ plants or fruits to be named, or

asking questions demanding time and reaearcti for tlieir soluti
must not expect to obtain an answer to their enq
current week.

tlit

Markets.

COVENT GARDEN, Novnnber 24.

[We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the mibjoined
reports, -which, however, are furnished to us regwltirly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the princip^
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past ■week
must not be taken as indicating the particular prices iit
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Supplies heavy, with little demand. James Webber,
Wholesale Appk Market.

Fruit.— AVEBAGE Wholesale Prices.

Apples, f sieve ... 13-36
Plums, ^sieve ... 16-40
Grapes, per lb. ...10-30
— Channel Isl.. lb. 0 6-09
Kent Cobs. 100 lb.. ..60 0- ...
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0

Melons, each
Peaches, dozen
Pears, ^si

. 0 &- 20
.20-90
.26-60

10-11

dozen

Pine-apples.Eng-.lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 3 0-50

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

s.d. s.d.
Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ...
Beans. Kidney, lb.... 0 9- ...
Beet, red. per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle

Green Mint, bunch..
Herbs, per bunch ..
Leeks, per bunch ..
Lettuce, per dozen ..

16-20
0 6-10
2 0- ...

Lettuce. Cos., earh... 0
Mushrooms, punnet 1
Mustard and Cresa,

punnet 0

Onions, per bushel ... 5
Parsley, per bunch... 0
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4

,, kidney, percwt. 4
Shallots, per lb. ... 0
Spinach, per bushel... 3
Tomatos, per lb. ... 0
Turnips, new, bunch 0

0- ...
4- ...
0-50

0- 5 0
6- ...
0- ...
i»- ...

8- ...

PoTATOS. — Regents. 505. to 120s. ; Magnum Bonums.
80s.; Beauty of Hebrone, 100s. to 110s.; Victorias
per ton.

NOTHMBKR 26, 1887.]

THE GAB DENE ES' CHRONICLE.

%m

VjjkSTS vx Pots.— Aterioe Whot.tvsat.tc Fbioes.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Chrysanthemums.

per dozen 6

Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Drac£ena terminolis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Epiphyllum, doz. ... 9
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

fr-18 0
0-24 0
0-12 0

O-«0 0
0-24 0
0-24 0
0-18 0

s.d. s.d.
Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6 0-34 0

Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0
Ficus elastica. each .16-70
Foliage plants,

Marguerite'*, df
Myrtles, per dozen.

Pelargoniums,
let, per dozen

2 0-10 0
9 0-12 0
8 0-12 0

each 2 6-21 0

Cut Flowebs.— Average Wholesale PBiOEa.

Abutilons, 13 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Azaleas. 12 sprays ...
Bouvardias, per bun.
Camellias. 12 blma...
Carnations, 12 blms.
Chrj-santh., 12 bun.
— larjje, 12 blooms
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Hyacin.. Rom., 12 sp.
Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette. 12 bun.
\arciss., paper white,
12 sprays

3 0-60
6 0-90
10-16
0 6-10

2 0-40
10-30
6 0-lS 0
10-40
6 0-80

3 0-60
0 6-10
0 9-16
3 0-60
10-30

16-30

Pelargoniums, 13 spr. 0 9-16

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 6-09
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-10

Roses, Tea, per doz. 10-30

— coloured, dozen. 10-40

— red. per dozen ... 2 0- 3 0

— Saffrano.dozen... 0 9-16
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 0-12 0
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 9-16
Violets, 12bunche3... 10-16

— French, bunch... 16-20

— Fr. Pamie. bun. 3 0-50
White Lilac, French.

per bunch 7 0-80

SEEDS.

London ; Xorctiihcr 23. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report seeds
of all kinds as exceedingly firm. With regard to
red Clovers higher quotations are cabled both from
the Continent and the United States. A few choice
samples of new English Cow-grass have been
realising high rates. Alsike and white keep steady,
but without much business passing therein. The
supply of Trefoil appears small. Italian Kye-grass
has made further progress upwards, and Irish seed
has also followed suit. Rape seed is firm. Canary
seed still goes against buyers. Hemp seed, with
large arrivals, is easier. Linseed hardens in price.
I'eas and Haricots unchanged.

COBN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended November 19 :— Wheat, 305. bd. ; Barley,
29«. Qd. ; Oats, I5s. 6d. For the corresponding
week in 1886 :— Wheat, 31s. id. ; Barley, 27«. Sd. ■
Oats, 17s. Id.

FBXnT AND VEGETABLES.

CoLCMBiA : Kiiirmbcr 23. — Fair supplies of all
kinds of farm and market garden produce. Trade
moderately active at undermentioned quotations : —
Brussels Sprouts, 2*. 6rf. to 4s. per sieve; Cauliflowers,
7s. to 12s. per tally ; Savoy Cabbages, is. to 8.'. do. ;
bunch Greens, 25. to 35. per dozen ; bunch Turnips, 25.
to 3s. do. ; bunch Carrots, Is. 6d. to 25. do. ; bunch
Beetroots, 2s. dd. to 3s. do.; Celery, 6s. to Us. do.;
English Onions, 9s. to lOs. per cwt. ; foreign do.,
75. 6d. to 85. (>d. per bag of 110 lb. ; cooking Apples,
3s. to 55. per bushel ; dessert do., 4s. to 65. do. ;
Blenheim do., 5s. dd. to 6s. 6d. do. ; Carrots, 28s. to
425. per ton.

Stratfohd : November 22. — Trade and supply
during the past week have been good. Quotations ;
— Savoys, 8s. to Us. per tally ; Greens, 25. to 4s.
per dozen bunches ; Cauliflowers, Is. 9d. to 25. 3d.
per dozen ; Turnips, 355. to 50s. per ton ; Carrots,
household, 40s. to 60s. do; do., cattle feeding, 285.
to 35s.. do. ; Parsnips, 9d. to Is. per score ; Mangels,
IBs. to 20s. per ton ; Swedes, 21s. to25s. do.; Onions,
Belgian, 65. to 7s. 6d. per bag ; do., German, 8s. 6d.
to 9s. do. ; Apples, 4s. to 9s. per pad ; do., 25. 6d. to
7s. per bushel ; Celery, lOd. to Is. 3d. per roll ;
Carrots, 25. 3d. to 3s. per doien bundles ; Turnips,
2s. 6d. to 3s. do.

POTATOS.

BoKoooH AND SpiTALFiELDS : November 22.— Full
supplies and fairly good demand for best samples,
second qualities in moderate request. Quotations :
—Regents, 60s. to UOs. ; Hebrons, 905. to 1155.;
Early Roses, 70s. to OOs. ; Magnum Bonums, 355.
to 50s ; Dutch Rocks, 50s. per ton.

CoLUJiBiA (East London) : November 23. — Quota-
tions:— Beauty of Hebron, 90s. to 110s.; Victorias,
60s. to 80s. ; Magnum, 50s. to 80s. ; Regents, 60s.
to 90s. per ton.

Stbatford: Nomnher 22. — Quotations: — Scotch
Regents, 70s. to 90s. ; Magnums, 6O5. to 708. ; Fen-
land do., 45s. to 55j. i Essex Regents, 60<. to 70«.
per ton.

OENUINE — RELIABLE.

JARMAN'S BULBS.

Collection No. 3, 1000 Choice Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, 21s. delivered free.
Large Elustrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(Registered),
CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

THE BEST CELERIES.

HARRISON'S EARLY ROSE. —The most excellent early
variety, blanches quickly, very solid, crisp, large size, and very
fine flavour. Per packet. Is. To the Trade, per dozen pkts., 6,<.

HARRISON'S LEICESTER RED.— Acknowledged to be the
best for general use. Pronounced by the Royal Horticultural
Society as the best in cultivation ; very solid and crisp, nutty
flavour, and very hardy. Per packet, Is. To the Trade, per
dozen packets, 6s.

PENGELLY WHITE.— The finest white variety, good size,
solid and crisp, splendid quality, very handsome. Per packet.
Is. To the Trade, per dozen packets, <6s.

Each variety. Free by Post for 12 Stamps.

HARRISON & SONS. Seed Growers. LEICESTER.

OF

SPECIAL CULTURE

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of
Fruits post-free.

The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGWORTH, HERTS.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16.5. per 100;
ditto in large pota. 2.i.!. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD S.MITH AKD CO., Nnrserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.

D Reduced Prices to meet Depression.
E S C K I P T I V E CATALOGUE,
comprising tine transplanted FRUIT TREES. ROSES,
Hardy CLEMATIS, RHODODENDRONS. CONIFERS
TREES and SHRUBS, CLIJIBERS, FOREST TREES, &c.,
free on application to

GEO. JACKMAN & SON,

WOKINU NURSERY. SURREY.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATALOGITE, of over i;iOO species and varieties, including
Descriptive "List of New. Rare, and Choice Ferns,"'
and " Hardy North American Ferns," free on application.

w. & J. bTrkenhead,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

FOR FORCING.

azaleas, fine Ghent -,

,, mixed Covered

„ PONTICA with

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ( Buds.
RHODODENDRONS, fine named I
SPIR^A PALMATA

A general a-ssortment of NURSERY STOCK, in the finest
possible condition, covering many acres ; one outlying piece of
several acres now being cleared, and great bargains may be
obtained. FRUIT TREES. Trained Pyramids. Standards. &c.

800 yards from Sunningdale Station, S.W.
Railway, one hour from London.

CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT.

Three Days' Auction Sale this vi/ionth.

B U LBS.

Very long experience"enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
WOROZSTZB.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
12 inches high, is. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegana, Phoenix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high. Is. 6rf. each,
16i. per do/en.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
Euterpe edulis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
hifjh, lis. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-fohaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15^1.
per pair.

GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill. London, N.

UTBUSH'S MILL-

TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWK.
—Too well known to require descrij)-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6rf. per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages ana printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited). Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Hi^hgate Nurseries, N.

SUTTON S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READfUC.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Pkize Medals
Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All

PEAT, best brown fibrous
PEAT, best black fibrous ...
PEAT, extra selected Orchid
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .

cks included.)
;k3 for 22s. 6d.

5 sacks for 20s.

5 sacks for 25s.

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush., 14s. half ton, 24* ^on,

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest Imported ... 8rf: lb., 28 lb. 18k.
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialite) Zd. lb., 28 lb. 18s.
MITSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack ... 6s. per bushel.
CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-') In bags.

TILISER, the Best Food for f * ^

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, fTina. 71b. 14lb.281b. 561b. 1 cwt.

Fruits. Vegetables, &c. ..J 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CRirSHED BONES, best quality 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIRGIN CORK, best quality only — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-

HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, ditto. 2s. 6rf. per busheL

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is each ; 10 sacks. 9s. ; 15 sacks, 13s. ; 20 sacks, 17s. ;

30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

25s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated,

in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD. MttWALL. LONDON. E.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATH.S. FERNS. PHODODENDRONS,

and other choice Plants.

The Beat In the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London, E.G., continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have NO Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates.

SAVE H ALF TH E COST.

G A R S I D E'S

BEDFORDSHIRE

SILVER SAND,

Coarse and Fine.

Is admitted by the leadinK Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality obtainable in the Trade.
Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these

NO TRA\'EUERS OR AGENTS.

Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price.

All Orders executed with the utmost promptness

find under personal superoision.

GEORGE GARSIDE, Jun., LEIGHTON BUZZARD, BEDS.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OTTTDOOB "WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greeniiouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt, and Oil Mixture. Free to all Stations.

Non-Foisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatoriea, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE BAUVAOE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.O. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLDf,— ZHjOMilrt for Cat\.

668

TEE GAFDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEK 26, 1887.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NTIT FIBEE REFUSE.

4rf. per bushel ; 100 for 255. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
405. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BKOWN FLBKODS PEAT, 6s. id. per sack j 6 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, id. each

BLACK FIUROUS PEAT. 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 23s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per hall
ton ; 26s. per tou, in L'-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, 15. per bushel

SPHAGNU.M MOSS. 8s. 6i(. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.O.

Turf— Turf— Turf.

FOR SALE, 10 Acres of First-class TURF.
To be sold on the ground, or delivered to any part, or
put on rails. Lowest terms for cash. Apply to
JAMES CRAKER, Contractor, 20, Woodbine Grove, Penge.S.E.

EAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for

Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Khododendrou and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM. 7s. 6rf. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine. 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Faruboro' Station, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.
PEAT.— Excellent for Heaths and general use, 7s. per yard,

4s. per sack. Orchid (<!pecialite), finest selected Fern fibre.

65. 6(/. per sack. Rhododendron, 10s. per ton; not less

than 5 tons.
LOAM. — Good fibrous, I3s. per ton. ls.9rf. per sack.
LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.
SILVER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. <6d.

and 8s. per ton.
SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh, 6s. U. per sack.
GRAVEL.— Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths.

8s, 6rf. per ton.

6ATEEELL & SON, Peat Merchants, Ringwood.

TREPHOforORCH I DS,

For Potting. Eafla. Blocks. &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.E.B.3., F.E.H.S.,

76i, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, B.C.; and

SWAN PLACE. OLD KENT KO.iD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all Hohtioultural Requisites post-free,
POTTERY of all descriptions.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Orchid PEAT Special

or A -r- FOR AZALEAS. HEATHS, OCA IT
n't/^ I FERNS. RHODODENDRONS, rC,/^ I
For general purpos.''^. Loam, Sand, Leaf-Mould, Sphagnum,
Cocoa-Nut Fibre, Charcoal, and all kinds of Nursery Stock, at
the old-established Horticultural Sundries Dep6t and Nurseries.
Eingwood, Hants. For Price List apply EPPS & CO.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

ORCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,

FERNS,
and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the sack, or by the yard ; also first-rate
PEAT MOULD.—For printed particulars.apply, D.CAMERON,
Forester. Mount Mascal Estate, North Cray, Foot's Cray, Kent,

JENSErS

Every ^ain fertilizea because the Guano is perfectly
pure. It is most economicAl, one part of Manure to

100 parts of soil being ample for garden use.
Write for Pamphlet, Testimonials and Instructiona.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voeloker's analyeiB guaranteed. FISH-POTASH
oontaias Ammonia, Phosphates and Potash in large
proportioDB, which are the principal elements of
fertilization.

GUANO.

CUANO - 2-lb. Tins, Is. ; In Bags, 7 lbs , 2s

14 lbs., 4a. ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d. ; 66 lbs., 10b. 6d. ;

1 cwt., 16s. ; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid.

Special terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED.
109, Fenchurch Street, London, E.G.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best tjun/tti/. <!.<: supplied to the Roi/al Gardens, ^c.
BEST C0C(1A-XUT FIBRE REFUSE, 10 sacks for 10s.. 15 for

14s., :'ilforlSs...'Jijtor2.=ii-.; two ton truck, 26s. Freeon raiL
RUSSIA MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, .'is. per sack, 6 for 22s. id.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 4s. id. per sack, 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel; 14s. §-ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 3s. per sack. [25s. per ton.

YELLOW FLBEOUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
RATFIA. LABELS. STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, «s. per sack,
SPBCIALITB TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each 8rf. per lb.

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London. S.E.

VINE and FE.TTIT BORDERS and
ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES, &c.

JRepleiiishinff, Potting, and Beneu-ing Season.
Tlie best permanent Fertiliser is W. & Son's

"LE FRUITIER, "£16perton.

Best BONES, pnre new crushed, dust to J inch, £s 10.^.
Best Yellow Fibrous LOAM, White WOOD and PEAT ASHES.
Rougll Lump CHARCOAL. PEAT, SAND, COMPOSTS, MATS,
RAFFI.A, TOBACCO PAPER, NETS, INSECTICIDES, MAN-
URES, &c. Samples ;iud prices post-free.

WOOD & SON, Wood Green, London, N.

p ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

VjT Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew.
Thrips, Green Fly. and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces .is winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. id.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

^T?W[CBY, WAINWRICHT & CO,

SHADINGS Neptune Works, Manchester.

I COTTON WOOL and WADDING for Florists

TIFFAN'y. land Nurserymen. Send lor Samplesand Prices.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

ASD AT lis. QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C,

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c.

Special EstimatM ffiTen for TJaige Contracta in Fencing,
Roofing, &c. Personal Surreys «f Estates made, and practical
advice given as to the best and moat economiml Fences to put

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOKEDITCH, LONDON, E.

' Now for the golden wine of English meadows !
A cool. deep, sparkling beaker of liquid topaz

rReii

r Rhin

can match !

MOTT & CO.'S

CELEBRATED LEICESTEKSHIRE
COWSLIP WINE,

of the flue 18S7 vintage, is. NOW perfect.
Gold Medal. London
jlfjffff(TKonoVGiihY Genuine Wii

rRADE Jk

■M V^ «f4 p^/Thoboughly Genuine Wine. Pale,
^B m^""*^ brilliant, slightly sparkling, exquisite
^J 0f^^ colour, delicious flavour ; not too sweet.

1 Largely used for Dinner, Supper,

' Dessert. Balls, and Picnics.

Excellent Nerve-soother for Neuralgia or Toothache.
Sold by Wine Merchants and Grocers throughout Great Britain.
Exported to America, Cliina, Australia, &c.
Pamphlet and List of Agents, post-free.
Price 16s. per dozen, case, &c. included. Carriage paid on

MOTT & CO., AVine Merchants, LEICESTEB.

Hyacintlis in Pots.

POTS made expressly for HYACINTHS can
be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. Weston-9uper-Mar«.
Price List free.

Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing.
iTRONG, well-made PUTi-i for the above can

? b.- supplied bv

J. MATTHEWS, Royal l'..tt..ry.' Weston-super-JIaro.

To Nursemnen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

WPETEKS AND SUNS, 44, Tenter St.,South,
• Goodman's Fields, London, E., are now selling, at
extremely Low Prices. New Season's best quality heavy full-
siie Archangel MATS; also St. Petersburg MATS, Packing
MATS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address.

^HE ABO\'E and many other PATTERNS

. are made in mat-.rials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
J KITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little i

once put down i
further labour or expense, s
do "grown" Edgings,
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

P. RUSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.'W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elalxirate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Pavine of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SILVER SAND,

O fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates iu any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N,B, —Orders promptly executed bv Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing /ree. and delivered to any London Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

16 oz. 21 01.
13} by 8} for 10/- for 14/-

12 ,, 9 „ 10/- ,, 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6.
12 ,, 10 „ 11/- .. 1.V6 or 2.50 squares 8i by 6J. or 220
14 ,, 10 ,, 13/- .. 1(*^- squares, 9^ by 6}, or 170 squares,
14 .. 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7}, or 150 squares, 10 by 8,
12 12 13/- ,, 20/- for 105. Carriage paid for all orders

18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- over £3.
20 ,. 12 .. 24/- „ 35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use.
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. BOBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSB,
14, Moor Lane, Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window CASES,

OAVES. W.iTF.RFALLS. WINDOW BOXES. AQUABU.
ARTIFICIAL KOCKWORK for Ballrooms. Halls. Stairca,ses.
&c.. temporarily erected and constructed, under personal
superintendence of

HARPHAM ANi) HOWES.

Horticultural Depot. 107, Church Street, Edgwiro Kood, N.W.

Estimates awl Illusfrmtfed Liste Freo.

NOTBHBEB 26, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

669

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-»«^en.
CHAMPAGNE, "JpCEY," 30/-°««"

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

Every Lady is invite 1 to send for
Patterns, post-free, of

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S
SELECT DRESS FABRICS.

{^<^J^g The Court Circular (under
■^^^^v Royal Patronage) says : — " Robin-
*'^®^^**^ son & Cleaver's Dress Patterns are
so admirably chosen, and so excellent a taste
is shown in their selection, that no intending
purchaser can find the slightest difficulty in
making up her mind. Thus time and trouble
are saved by Robinson & Cleaver's method,
which we cannot too highly recommend."

Ladies are invited to send for Patterns,
post-free, distance being no object ; and as
inducements are offered in quality and price,
which will be found on compamson.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER,

BELFAST.

Please name Gardeners Chronicle

Hot -water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
4 Dch Pipes at Is. 6(i. per yard.

sffiWL. SADDLE, VERTICAL,

' '-f j^^l^^^Jfel and all other Wnds of
*"— ^^;:^r"tl^'' BOILEKS.

Improved Ventilatinc/
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &c.
Oil UCQTFR'Q PATENT STEEL TRENTHAM BOILER is far the best, cheapest, and

UILl LU I LH U ^no.^t economical Hot-water Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring

perfect combustion saves fuel &ni prevents smoke, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT- WATER HEATING APPABATTJS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete ; efficiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACHINERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, ^-c.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL 'WORKS, NE-WCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

il, Wellington Street, Strand,
LONDON, w.o.

1887.

Months,

Please send me " The Gaedenees' Cheonicle " for

commencing ,for which I enclose P.0.0. .

^ Please Note that all Copies sent Direct firom tUs Office must be paid for In advance. ,£1

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, 16s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6i. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9<i. ; Po3^[ree.

I'OEEIQN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. id. tor 13 Months. India and China, 19s. t

Beceipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DBTJRY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. „..<lC.j

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

KEEP OUT THE FROST.

Wright & Butler's

PRIZE MEDAL PORTABLE

OIL STOVES

ALL SIZES. ALL PRICES.

UNIFORM TEMPERATURE
ALWAYS MAINTAINED.

Nov. 26, 1887.

WITH OR WITHOUT THE

HOT-WATER ARRANGEMENT.

For Heating: the Greenhouse or Consei-vaforj- these Stoves
are a marvel of utility. They require no tixin^ and need
attention but once or twice each day ; can be trimmed and
lighted in five minutes, and with no more trouble than that
required to trim and lisht an ordinary table lamp. A build-
ing meaaming- 20 by 15 feet can b? heated in an efficient
manner at a cost of one farthing per hour. A.sk your Iron-
monger for Illustrated Catalogue, which gives all particulars
eoncerning- these stoves. When purchasing, insist upon having
the genuine article with brass label attached tearing our name.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenliouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHOUSES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without attention. ROBERTS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses, Bedrooms. Sec. Pamphlets, Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's,

THOIIAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
I Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
! WATSON AMD SCtJU,, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

670

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NovBMBKB 26, 1887.

THE gardeners: CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

4 Lines ..£030 15 Lines . . £0 8 6

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

;o

3

0

0

3

6

0

4

0

0

4

6

0

5

0

0

5

6

0

6

0

0

6

6

0

7

0

0

7

6

0

8

0

0 9 0

0 9 6

0 10 0

0 10 6

0 11 0

0 11 6

0 12 0

0 12 6

0 13 0

0 13 6

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s.

If set across three Columns the lowest eharRe will be 30.

PuL-e. £S; H.ilf I'iiL-e. £1 lo.-. ; Column. £3.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address. Is 6d.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant

Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cmdioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ojfic
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the Ofice by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United Kixgdom : 12 Months. ISs. ; 6 Months,

7s. 6d. ; 3 Mouths, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China): including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d.

Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office.

42, DKURY LANE, W.C.. to W. Richards.

Pdblishixo Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above siies, in 100 and 200 feet boxes
3da and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ felass in
20O feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOKOE FAHMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MEKCHAMS

34, St. John Street, West Smlthfield, London EC

Stock List and Pric

pphc

Quote Chronicle.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and norlsts.

J BLACKBURN and StlNfS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags. Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and .5. Wormwood Street, E.C.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS.

121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, £.0.

W. H. LASCELLES AND CO. will fjive Eatimateg for e%
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in vari
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121. Bunhill Row, London. E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses.
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Sta
sent post-free on "application.

GREENHOUSES.

„h Ho

No. 4. Span-roof, plain, but of
I t best construction. Price,
rected complete (with brick-
\\ jrk), -within 15 miles of Lon-
lou Bridge ; proportionate
prices in any part of the conn-
try Lean-to's in proportion.

\\ iter Apparatus (fixed) extra as below.

Size. Price. H.W. Ap.

2.5ft. by 15ft. JS58 0 £10 15
30ft. by 15ft. £71 0 £12 5
40tt. by I7ft. £111 0 £23 0

L. ughl

Size. Price. H.W. Ap.
lift, by 8ft. £20 0 £5 16
15tt. by 9ft. £30 0 £6 5
20ft. by 12ft. £43 10 £8 15

ILLUSTR.ATED SHEETS of Conservatories. Gree.n-
HOU.SES. &c., with Prices for Erecting and Heating, FREE.

SIIRVEYS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY
FREE OF CHARGE. Designs and Estimates FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

LONDOX BTUDGE.

Horticultural :

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the mo-t useful kind of
tor Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, andean be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted :— „„ , - „

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £3 1.5 0

12 feet long, 4 feet wide \ J? 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ ,. ? }„ „

12 feet long, 5 feet mde b 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London Agent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2. HoUoway Road, N.

WATERPROOF TREE LABELS,

and all qualities of

DIRECTION LABELS,

for Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
Samples and PRICK LIST on application.

FISHER, CLABE & CO.,

LABEL MANUFACTURERS, BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.

OR SALE, a good Eange of

Five GLASSHOUSES, in first-rate condition.
Roden Hall, Wellington, Shropshire.

GARDEN MATS, LOAM, &c.— New Arch-
angel MATS (large size), 10s. per bundle of ten mats;
Large Heavy Russian. 7s. 6tf. perdozen. Yellow Fibrous LOAM,
Silver SAND (coarse and fine). Brown Fibrous PEAT, at lowest
prices, by the ton or truck. RAFFIA. 7s. 6<f. and 9s. per
dozen pounds.— BRINKWORTH iSD SONS. Reading.

NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA
MATS of all descriptions, RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MARENDAZ and FISHER, 9 and
10, James Street, Covent Garden. W.C.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PETERSBURG, and PACKING
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH. RAFFIA, PEAT
LOAM, SILVER SAJiD and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLT, DIBBLE & tJO., 129, Oommerclal Street,

Spitalfields, London, E,

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA FIBRE.

SPECIAL QUOTATION.^ on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

136, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E

THOMAS'S

FiniNCS FOR WIRING WALLS

straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.
As illustrated above, price 3s. 3rf. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Termina Holdfasts.— No. 632.
No. 633A.

Per doz.
2S.

2 2J 3 »i inches. r^Ct^_^ 2S. Sd.

3d., 4d., Bd., Td. iwr do?.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., la. 6d., Is. 9d.

per 100 yards.
Illustrated CATALOGl'E on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C;
Works: 362. EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

''PAMWORTH RED PIGS.— The Aylesbury

X Dairv Company have young BOARS and SOWS for
SALE, from their celebrated herd of this valuable breed of pigs.
See Prizs Lists Royal Agricultural Society of England, York,
Shrewsbury, Preston, Norwich, and Newcastle.

For price and particulars, apply to the AYLESBURY DAIRY
COMPANY, Limited, Horsham, Sussex.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL— COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Injuries to Special Constables.

The Directors of the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY have agreed that gentlemen holding their
Policies of Assurance against ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS
shall be covered against risk of assault in the discharge of their
duty when acting as Special Constables, without extra charge.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Office, 61, Cornhill.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six -weeks on s'Jiting the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Counties
Herald Office, Birmingham.'' The Midland Counties Herald
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

NovEMBEB 26, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

671

A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition.

NOW READY.

VINES AND VINE CULTURE

THE BEST BOOK ON GRArES
EVER PUBLISHED,

ARCHIBALD F. BARRON,

XII.
XIU.
SIV.

XV.
XVI.

xvn.

XVIII.

xrx.

XX.

XXI.
XXII.

XX in.
xxrv.

XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.

Plates I.-

CONTENTS.

Historical Sketch.

Propagation of the Vine.

Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed.

Vine Borders : their formation, soils, &c.

Structures for Grape Growing.

Heating of Vineries.

Planting Vines : when and how to do it.

The General Management of Vineries.

Pruning and Training the Vine.

Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots.

Setting the Fruit.

Thinning the Fruit.

Keeping the Fruit.

Packing Grapes.

Pot Culture of Vines.

Fruiting Vines in Pots.

Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants.

Ground Vineries.

The Great Grape Conservatory at Chiswick.

Vines on Open Walls.

Commercial Grape Culture.

Diseases and other Injuries.

Noxious Insects.

Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes.

The Classification of Grape Vines.

The Varieties of European Grapes.

The Varieties of American Grapes.

■XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes.

"JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE,

171, FLEET STREET. LONDON, E.G.

Demy 8to, Handsomely Bound in Cloth.

Price 53. ; Post-free, 6s. 6d.

REVUE de riK iRTICULTURE BELGE
et ETR.-VNGERE (Belgiuu and Foreign Horticultural
Review) — 13th year. — Among the principal Contributors are : —
A. Allard, E. Andre, C Baltet, F. Burvenich. F. Crepin,
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jon^kindt Coninek, J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. OHveira,
H. Urtgied, E. Pvnaert. E. Rodigas, O. Thomas. A. van Geert
Son. H. J. van Hulle. J. van Vobtem, H. J. Veitch, A West-
mael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appejirs on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year
14s. pavable in advance.

Publishing OfBce : 134, Rue de Bruxelles. Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
Ghent.

The lady

3Pil *^ ^t"*n?^ fcr* ' ge^7r&*rtffl!)*nj|

GARDENING APPOINTMENT.

Me. George Temple, late of Malvern Hall,
Solihull, has been appointed as Head Gardener
to — Wy.n'ne, Esq., of Cornbury Park, Charl-
bury, Oxon.

WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR-
DENER. where two are kept, with assistance. Must
be thoroughly efficient in the growth of Orchids. Roses, and
Chrysanthemums, for exhibition.— Apply. R. E. CATER, Avon-
dale," Bath.

ANTED, a MAN, that understands

Laying-out Ground (total abstainer).— Apply by letter
to the MANAGER. Manor Lane Nursery, Lee, Kent.

WANTED, a WAREHOUSEMAN or FORE-
'MAH, for Wholesale Seed Trade, Must be good
Packer, and liave a thorough knowledge of Peas. — Apply by
letter only to WAITE, NASH and CO., 79, Southwark Street,
London, S.E.

Traveller.

WA^NTED, a thoroughly reliable, energetic,
sober, steady, and obliging young MAN. Must have
a good knowledge of all branches of the Trade, and have already
taken journeys. — Apply, stating age, experience, salary ex-
pected, &€., P. L., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Stxeet, Strand, W.G.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS. —To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is veri/ important ik Remitting bv Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable to No. 42. DRURY LANE,
to ir. RICHARDS, as. tmless the nitmber of a Postal Order is
hwivn, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands tt may fall from negotiating it.

N.B. -The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

letters addressed " Poste RestaJite" to initials or to fictitious
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the
vjr iters.

Situations Wanted.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, having filled many
important places, can RECOMJIEND with every conli-
dence, energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and
first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Gar-
deners and Bailiffs, or Gardeners for first-rate Establishments,
or Single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying to us. No fee charged. — JOHN LAING
AND SONS, The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— Several very supe-
rior MEN on our Books, whom we can recommend with
utmost confidence. Established 1717.— AUSTIN and McAS-
LAN, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, 16, BuchananStreet. Glasgow.

^ C 0 T C H GARDENERS.

O —John Downie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-
engagements. He will be pleased to supply full particulars
to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener.

RICHARD SMITH and GO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcfster.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will

JOURNEYMEN.— Several smart young
Scotchmen (trained in some of the best Scotch places),
are anxious to find appointments in England.— DICKS0N8
AND CO., Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series. Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man erf excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN. who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable o£ Managing Large
Establishments.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle-
man requiring the services of a thoroughly practical
trustworthy man. Good reference!^.— E. H. BRADLEY, Head
Gardener to A. Holden, Esq., Woodlands, Bradford.

GARDENER (Head); age ii9.— Mr. James
Douglas, Gardener to F. E. Whitbourne, Esq., Great
Geariss, Ilford, Essex, can recommend his Foreman Henry
Young, to any Gentleman in want of a first-class Gardener.
Seventeen years' experience.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen
years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Flowers, and Vegetables; also Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character and testimonials. Charles Arthur ToUey.
—Apply, Mr. CYPHER, Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham.

p ARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married, no

vT family.— W. J. Ireland, late of Nostell Priory, and
previously with the Marquis of Headfort, is open for re-engage-
ment. Thoroughly conversant with all matters relative to
Horticulture, Left at own request. Testimonials of the
highest order.— Leasgill, Milnthorpe. Westmoreland.

r^ ARDENER (Head), where two or three Under
V_J Gardeners are kept. — Age 45 ; an excellent all-round
Gardener, of long practice, would be glad, to meet with a
situation. High wages not desired; moderate wages accepted.
—Letters to be addressed to F. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Head AVorking, or Single-
HANDKD). — Experienced in Flower and Kit^ihen Garden.
Good character. Abstainer. Disengaged. — H. T., Fisher's,
Albert Cottage. Farningham Road, Tottenham.

GARDENER (Head Working, or Single-
handed). — Married ; fifteen years in last situation.
Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches.
—CHARLES CAPLING, Bedhamptfln Hill. Havant.

GARDENER (Head, where one or more
are kept), or FOREMAN in a good establishment,— Good
references from past and present employers. — J. ROBINSON,
Wootton Park, Ashbourne, Derbyshirt^

GARDENER (good Single-handed), or where
two are kept. — Age 28, married, no family; fourteen
years' experience. — G. S., 31, Nascot Street, Watford, Herts.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).
— Age 23 ; eleven years' experience, and good character.
Total abstainer.— T. H. WORLD, Puddletown, Dorchester.

GARDENER (Second), where two or three
are kept. — Age 20 : experienced Inside and Out. Strong
and active. Good character.— T. A, BELCHER, Brightwaltham,
Wantiige, Berks.

GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.—
One year and eight months in last situation, chiefly ia
the houses.— A. COLE, Greentord, near Southall, Middlesex,

GARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
ment.— Age2.T: single. Nine years' experienco Inside
and Out : with excellent character. Bothy preferred. — F,
KELHAM, Billow Barrow, Markheld, Leicester.

GARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN,
in the Houses. —Age 20 ; good characters.— C, M. SMITH,
Shenton, Nuneaton.

ORCHID GROWER or FOREMAN, in a
good establishment. — J, Stewart. Langford Park
Gardens, Maldon, Essex, can with every confidence recommend
his Foreman, E. Bhistow, who has been with him tive years,
as a thoroughly competent and trustworthy roan.

FOREMAN, in the Houses; age 26.— Mr.
Thomas Kino, Gardener, Devizes Castle, will be pleased
to recommend an active and intelligent man as above. Thir-
teen years' experience, with excellent character. — Address as

ROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard and

Soft-wooded Plants.— Age 25 ; good references.- State
wages and particulars to JOSEPH HOLMES, Kingsdown,
Burwash, Hawkhurst, Sussex.

JOURNEYMAN, under Glass, with good expe-
rience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Good character.
— A. M,, Boston Grove, Boston Spa, Yorksliire.

JOURNEYMAN. — Age . 23. Engagement
desired. Good references. Abstainer.— J. TURNER,
Dalton-Holme, Hull.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19;
five and a half years' good character. Abstainer. — Y. Z.,
Mr. Humy. Head Gardener, Warsash House, Fareham. Hants.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Housee.— Age 21;
six years" experience. Thorough practical knowledge. —
G. TURNER. The Gardens, Craufield Court, Newport Pagnell.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good
Garden. — Good references. Leaving through reduction of
establishment.- J. BAKER, The Gardens, Frankshall, Bartford,

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good
establishment. — Age 21 ; good recommendation from last
situation with a Nobleman. -R. WEBB, Higli Street, Dux-
ford, Cambridgeshire.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.—
Mr. Dance, Gosi^.eld Hail Gardens, Halstead, Essex, will
be pleased to recommend a young man with seven years' expe-
rience as above.

OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good

establishment; age 20. — The Gardener can with confi-
dence recommend him. Has been with him seven years.
Abstainer.— W. ASHTON, Elsham, Brigg. Lincoln.

JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER, in a Gen-
tleman's Garden. — Age 21 ; bothy preferred. Excellent
character. — Apply, stating wages, to GEORGE HALL, Ivy
Bridge, Devon.

0 MARKET GROWERS and NURSERY-

MEN,— Situation w.anted with Market Grower or Nur-
seryman by experienced and energetic man. Would Invest
Small Capital if required with a view to Partnership, or would
Manage Private Place wheie the Produce is Grown for Profit.
—X. A., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

PPRENTICE.— W. Whibberley wishes to

Apprentice a smart youth (aged 18) in a large estab-
lishment for three years. A Premium will be paid. — W.
WHIBBERLEY, Oulton Park, Tarporley, Cheshire.

''f^RAVELLER, on tlommission ; experienced. —

J- Mr. Nappeh (age 33) is now disengaged. He could do
well for a good Firm of Nurserymen or Seed Merchants desirous
of extending their connection in the Western Counties. For
twenty years he has been at the Exeter Nursery, and is a com-
petent Seedsman. General Salesman, and Traveller. He is
also conversant with all matters relating to a Nurseryman's
Counting-house. Excellent testimonials. — Alphington, Exeter.

SHOPMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 28, mar-
ried; good Book-keeper and Correspondent. Thirteen
years' experience. Excellent references.— RESEDA, Hillside,
Canterbury Grove, West Norwood, S.E.

H O P M A N (AssLSTANT),— Age 211 ;

five years' experience. Good Counter Hand. Good
references.- A. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HOLLOW AY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
As winter advances and the weather becomes more and
more inclement and trying the earliest evidences of ill-health
must be immediately checked and removed, or a slight illness
may result in a serious malady. Relaxed and Sore Throat,
Quinsey, Influenza, Chronic Cough, Bronchitis, and most other
Pulmonary Affections will be relieved by rubbing this cooling
OINTMENT into the skin as nearly as practicable to the seat of
mischief. This treatment, simple yet effective, is admirably
adapted for the removal of these diseases during infancy and
youth. Old Asthmatic Invalids will derive man-ellous relief
from the use of Holloway's remedies, which have wonderfully
relieved many such sufferers, and re-established health after
every other means had signally failed.

672

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEE 26, 1887.

THE TRADE IS RESPECTFULLY INVITED TO INSERT IN THEIR CATALOGUE

HARRISON & SONS'

NEW and CHOICE VEGETABLES for 1888.

ALL HIGH-CLASS QUALITY.

HARBISON'S EARLY ECLIPSE PEA.— The earliest and best of
all early varieties, and the most popular variety in cultivation.
Per Quart, I.--.

HARRISON'S "MAYOR OF LEICESTER" PEA.— A grand main
crop, blue, wrinkled variety ; height about 3 ft., very prolific, large
pods, tightly tilled with seven to ten Peas of immense size, of a rich
and buttery flavour ; introduced this season for the first time.
Per Quart, 2s. &d. ; per Pint, Is. 6d.

HARRISON'S LEICESTER DEFIANCE PEA.— A grand selection
of the I'rizetaker class, acknowledged in all Pea-growing districts
to be the best stock in the country. Per Quart, 8d.

HARRISON'S EXHIBITION MARROW PEA.— A vastly improved
stock of Ne Plus Ultra, acknowledged by the Trade to be the best
selection of that old and valuable variety. Per Quart, Is. Ad.

NORTH'S "WONDER PEA.— A very prolific Pea, height ^ to 4 ft.,
a dwarf Ne Plus Ultra ; the Peas are extra large, and of very fine
flavour and colour. Per Quart, 2s.

CHARMER PEA (Laxton). — A very heavy cropper, of fine quality,
long pods, tightly filled ; highly recommended to Market Gardeners.
Per (^uart, 2s,

WALTON HERO PEA (Laxton).— A cross between Telephone and
British (^ueen ; seed white, wrinkled, pods large and handsome; one
of the best of Mr. Laxton's raising. Per Quart, 2s.

CHELTENHAM GREEN-TOP BEET —Handsome roots, very deep in
colour, green foliage; well known at Cheltenham and neighbourhood.
Per Ounce, 8d.

HARRISON'S IMPROVED BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— Very large
and compact, grown from Mr. J. Bath's selection (Borough Market).
Per Ounce, 6d.

THE WROXTON BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— A fine distinct strain,
selected and saved with great care. It is perfectly hardy and very
productive, the .stem being covered with fine, large, firm sprouts.
Per Packet, Is.

JOHN HARRISON BEAN (Laxton).— A very fine long-podded Bean.
The pods, which are large and well filled, contain from six to eight
Beans in each. Per Quart, Is.

HARRISON'S NEW WEST COTES BROCCOLI.— A new superb

variety, of quick compact growth, with beautiful white heads, of

excellent flavour. Comes fit for use about April and May.

Per Ounce, Is.
HARRISON'S EMPEROR LONGPOD BEAN.— A grand selection,

pods nearly as large as the Seville, and as prolific as Johnson's

Wonderful. Per Quart, 'M.
HARRISON'S LEICESTER RED CELERY.— Pronounced by the

Royal Horticultural Society to be the best in cultivation ; well known

to the Trade. Per Packet, l.«.

HARRISON'S EARLY ROSE CELERY.— An early selection of the
Leicester Ked, being lighter in colour and blanching much quicker.
Per Packet, Is.

PENGELLY WHITE CELERY.— An exceedingly good variety;
large, solid, crisp, and of excellent flavour. Per Packet, Is.

HARRISON'S EARLY MARKET CARROT. — The handsomest
and earliest for bunching, intermediate size and shape, with a
bright scarlet colour. Per Ounce, id.

HARRISON'S SCARLET INTERMEDIATE CARROT— Extra

selected, grown from large picked roots, of fine quality and
beautiful colour. Per Ounce, id.

HARRISON'S VICTORIA CABBAGE.— A very large early variety,
of beautiful shape and colour, bears the highest cultivation.
Per Ounce, 8d.

HARRISON'S IMPROVED HEARTING KALE. — A very
superior selection ; hearts nearly as solid as a Cabbage, unequalled
by any other ; very hardy. Per Ounce, 6d.

BALLOON COS LETTUCE. — A large self-folding variety ; close,
hard heart, very crisp and sweet. Per Packet, 6d.

LYON LEEK. — Attains a great size and weight without coarseness, and
at the same time is perfectly hardy ; the white part when blanched
often exceeds 16 inches in length and 9 inches in circumference.
Per Ounce, Is.

ROUSHAM PARK HERO ONION.— Remarkably handsome variety,
grows to an immense size, is of a light straw colour, deep in the
bull), heavy, and good keeper. Per Ounce, Is.

HARRISON'S EXTRA TREBLE CURLED PARSLEY. — A

splendid selection, beautifully curled, fine dark green colour.
Per Ounce, 4d.

HARRISON'S KING KOFFEE SAVOY.— A small compact variety,
of a deep glossy green colour, very early, and finely crimpled ; may
be grown close together. Per Packet, Is.

HARRISON'S IMPROVED EARLY DRUMHEAD SAVOY.—

A'ery large, early, and of excellent qiiality. Per Ounce, id,

HARRISONS IMPROVED LATE DRUMHEAD SAVOY.— A

dark green, curly and handsome, selected from a favourite stock,
cultivated by one of the principal growers for the London Markets.
Per Ounce, 4d.

HARRISON'S MARBLE TURNIP.— A quick growing variety, green
top, remarkably solid, grown extensively for Manchester Market ;
is hybridised with the Orange Jelly, and liable to sport. Highly
recommended as the hardiest and heaviest in cultivation.
Per Ounce, Sd,

HARRISON'S WOODGATE HERO TOMATO.— A selection from
Criterion, oval shape, brilliant colour, medium size, hea%'y cropper,
finest quality ; saxed from picked handsome fruit. Per Packet, Is.

HARRISON'S MAGNUM BONUM PARSNIP.— A greatly improved
selection of the Hollow Crown ; this seed is all grown from picked,
large and handsome roots. Per Ounce, 3d.

TRADE PRICES ON APPLICATION.

HARRISON & SOMS. SEED GROWERS. LEICESTER.

Inspection is inviled to Exhibits in Gallery durimj the Birmingham and S»iithjield

Fat Cattle Shows.

BditonalCkjmmunicatioiii should b« addressed to "The Editor;" AdTertisements and Business Letters to "Thp Publisher." at tie Office, 41, Wellington Street, Oovent Garden. London. W.C.

Printed by V, ILLUM BlOHABDS, at the Offlce of Messrs. Biujjbobt. Aqnew Sl Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of I.ondon. in the County of Middlesex, and published by the

•aid WILLIAM RlOHAaDB, at the Office, 41, Wellington SUeet, Pariah o( St. Paul's, Oovent Oarden, in the suid County Satubday, Norember aii, 1887. Agent for Manchester— JoKlt Hktwood.

Established

No. 49.-Y0L. 11. {J--}

SATUEDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1887.

Newspaper./ Pf'CE 3d.
V Post-free, 3jd.

CONTENTS.

Adiantum Fergusoni ...
AngriECum luhneumo-

690

Narcissi

692

Nepenthes Curtisii

681

neum

6S1

Obituary : —

Autumu foliage, baskets

Atlee, J

617

of

,W1

Moore, E

697

Bulb garden, the

6»ti

Orchid notes and glean-

„ mile, the

Iilt2

ings

6S.S

Cattleyji exuuiensia X ...

t>H7

Orchids at Bull's

683

Coelogyne maculata vir-

Oxalia, double-flowered .

681

mi

Plant notes

684

Copley Medal, the

69U

Plants and their culture

687

Cryplophoranthus, the

Presentation to Mr. Ja-

genua

fiaa

mieson ...

690

Dammara robusta

1)90

Ravenala madagascarien-

Darwiu'3 Life and Let-

sis

69.1

ters

Ii79

Ro^es

Dendrobmm tr-gonopu3 .

683

Rubus arcticua

6a,T

Douglasia Iflevigata

HH4

Saxe-GothKa

684

Euoiivraus japonicus

Societies:—

fruitiug

69(1

Aberdeen

696

Flower garden

6,S7

Baubury

mc.

Forestry

6y6

Chichester

6":«

Frosts, effects of recent...

691

691

Fruits under glass

6S7

National Chrysanthe-

Gardening appointment

701)

mum ...

69.1

Grapes, heavy crop of ...

691

Reading

694

Hardy fruit gLirden

6S7

St. Albans

69.T

Helleborusuigervar.ver-

Scottish Horticultural

697

nalis

691

Stourbridge

696

Herbaceous plants

682

Tunbridge Wells

69,=;

Kitchen garden

6H7

Wilts .

Landes to Bayonne,

Tomato seed, cleansing .

691

through the

6h:(

Trade notices ... ...

Larch, the Weeping ...

684

Tring Park

697

Lilium speciosum vars....

691

Vegetable physiology.

Mormodes vernixium ...

m-j

study of

688

Mushroom failures

691

Weather

698

ILLUSTF

ATIONS.

Larch, pendulous

68.1

Masdevalha Davana

BP'I

Mushroom, a monstrous..

696

Nepenthes Curtisii

689

Oxdlis imbricata

Ravenala Madagascariens

s

69,1

Saie-GothEea

.

684

Advertisers are special^/ requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, ca?i any
particular position he guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

NOTICE TO aUB.'SCIilBERlS.— All Numbers
of the "Gardeners' Chronicle" from January 1
of this year are still to be had.
OYAL HUKTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

South Kensington. S.W.

A SPECIAL GENERAL MEkTING of the Fellows will be
neld at 2 o Clock, p.m., on TUESDAY. December 1.3. in the
Conservatory, to receive a Report from the Council, and to
consider the statements and proposals contained therein.

N.B. — Entrances N.E. Orchard House, Exhibition Road, and
East Side of Royal Albert Hall.

/"CARNATION, '■ GLUXRE DE NANCY."—

\J Thrs lovely large white Clove-scented flower, larger
than the old Red Clove, more robust and freer. Every florist
should grow some of this for cut. Ihe blooms are from
2 to 3 inches across, and pure white ; forces well. Ihaveafew
thousand good rooted layers, at 25s. per 100 ; 50 for 154. ; 25
for 8i. Cash with order.
E. C0LLIK3 isD SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willes-

ICHARD WALKER can supply the

following for cash with order ;— SEAKALE. best Crowns,
forcing, 10s. per 100; ASPARAGUS, forcing, £2 per 1000;
best Sovereign RHUBARB in cultivation, forcing, 6s. per
dozen. — The Market Gardens. Biggleswade, Beds.

SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1888
will be ready about December 19, price Is., post-free.
The finest work of its cla.'is yet issued, and a very useful
Christmas present for all interested in Gardening.
SUXTON iND SONS, The Queen'a Seedsmen, BEADING.

TRY ROSES from a COLD CLIMATE.—
Unequalled for hardiness, strength, and fibrous roots.
Seventy-five First Prizes awarded this season at leading shows
in England and Scotland. Send for CATALOGUES to
JAMES COCKER akd SONS. Ro« Growers. &c., Aberdeen.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHAKPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocka of GARDEN SEEDS, will be pleased to Bend Special
Offers of same od application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

"PUONYMUS.

-Li grown specim

—20,000 :

all

nice

bushy

well

ns, 9 to 30

in.he

s. 16s.

to f 7 pe

100;

about 150 large ones.

3s. 6rf. to 5j

each.

J. J. CLARK

Goldstoiie Farm,

West Brighton.

To tlie Trade.

GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, and
GLADIOLUS COLVLLLU Alba (The Bride), all extra
large roots, at very low prices. Apply to

Mr. P. VAN TIL. Jz.. Bulb Grower, Hillegom. Holland.

ROSES— ROSES— ROSES, cheaper than ever.
50,000 Dwarf ROSES, only the best leading varieties,
and warranted true to name, from our well-known collection,
from 22J. per 100. £10 per 1000. Send for sample dozen. 3s.
Terms cash. Send for a LIST.
A. J. AXD C. ALLEN. Stone Hills Nursery. Norwich.

HODODENDRONS, Hybrids, all colours,

2 to 2J feet, some in bud, 405. per 100 ; Dwarf ROSES,
very strong, 30a. per 100; London PLANES, 9 to 13 feet. 60.';.
per 100; also strong Austrian PINE, Scotch FIR, LARCH,
SPRUCE, 2 to 3 feet, very fine and cheap.

W. JACKSON. Blakedown. Kidderminster.

RUIT TREES.— Well-ripened Clean Trees,

well rooted and grafted on best stocks. All best sorts of
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES. Standards and
Pyramids, Trained. APRICOTS. NECTARINES, and
PEACHES. Trained. Standard and Dwarf ROSES, all the
finest sorts. Fruit Trees in pots. CATALOGUES Gratis.
JOHN LAINO AND SO.XS, Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E.

SEAKALE for l<Ul-iCli\Lt, superior selected
Crowns. tO.«. per 1000 ; under oOO, 9s. per 100. Orders to
be accompanied by cheque or Po.-t-olhce Order.

ALFRED ATWOOD, Grower, 51. ShiUington Street, Batter-
sea. S.W.

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) Receive and
Dispose of any quantity of above at best Market Prices.
Bojces, &c., supplied. — Address, Commission Department,
HOOPER AND uO. (Limiled), Covent Garden, London. W.C.

C y U ELCH AND B ARiS H A M,

O North Row. Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN TO DIS-
POSE OF any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES.
TOMATOS, CUCU.MBERS, FKEN'CH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES. CHOICE FLOWERS, tec Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels .supplied. References given.

MESSRS, GREGORY and EVANS,
NURSEHYMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" CO.MMISSION, SIDCUP."

ANTED, CHOICE CUT FLOWERS,—

Advertiser is OPEN TO SELL Large or Small
Quantities ot above on Commission. Address,

GROWER, 44, Portsdown Road. Maida Vale, London, W.

Chrysaatheimuna-Clirysantlieniuins.

WANTED, above, in quantity ; also
EUCHARIS. ORCHIDS, and every description of
choice CUT BLOO.M. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash.
Empties free.— WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden. W.C.

USCATS— MUSCATS— Gro3 Colmar, Gros

M;iroc. Alicantes, &c. ; also Marie Louise PEARS.
Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and well
packed Fruit of the above.

WISE AUD RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

-I-i bulbs, is., lis., 9s., 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen ; extra
strong, 30,v. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 636, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

OSES— ROSES— ROSES.— Qur collection of

Hybrid Perpetual and Tea Roses embraces all the best
varieties, new and old. The plants are hardy and well ripened,
and are sure to do well in almost any situation. Selections of
H.P.'s from 7s. per dozen, post-free; do. Teas, f rom 1 l.v. per
dozen, post-free. Rose CATALOGUES post-free on application.
DOBBIE AND Co., Seed Growers and Florists, Roth^-ay.

AIDENHAIR EEKN, bs. per dozen

bunches. Always ready. Terms ca^h.
TUDGEY. Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames.

/'"CHRYSANTHEMUMS.- Descriptive CaTA-

\J LOOUE of 1000 new and old varieties considered worth
cultivation, with Cultural Directions, by E. Molyneux, written
specially for this Catalogue. Post-free lour stamps.

ROBERT OWEN, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead.

ARR'S SELECTED BULBS

have gained many Medals and Prizes I Prices moderate I
Quality unsurpassed 1 Full descriptiveCataloguefreeon appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BARR AND SON. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

OSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES 1 ! !— The best

i\n'\ c)ionpest in *he world ; 40 choice Perpetuals for 2l5.,
purchaser'sselection from 400 best varieties. Cataloguea free oa.
application. Ten acrea of Rosea; 100,000 grand planti to select
from. Plant now. —JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter.

B

Natal, Soutb Africa.

BULBS, TUBERS, ROO'lb.— A Wholesale
CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ADLA.VI. Maritzburg. Natal.

c

UT LILIES OF THE VALLEY and

MAIDE.SHAIR FERNS. Regular supplies during tho

Apply
lANNdCH. The Lily Nursery. Ders

.King's Lynn.

BOUVAKDIAS, bushy plants, in variety, in
48'h, in bud and llower, 12s. per dozen.
EEtlCAS, in variety, in 4«'3. in bud and llower. 12s. per dozen.
PALMS, in variety, in 60's, suitable for Table Decoration
12s. per dozen. Package free for cash with order.

•TUHN STANDISH AND CO.. Kuval Nurseries, Ascot.

Carter's Direct Importations.

LILIUM AURATUM.— 1 he liiiest Bulbs.—
Selected Bulbs of this charming hardy Lily are obtainable
at the following low prices, direct from the importers, plump
and sound as English-grownRoots:— Price4s..6s.,9s.,12s., 18s.,
and 24s. per dozen, carriage free ; price per ca^e (as imported)
253. per 50 Bulbs, 42s. per 100 Bulbs, carriage free.— CARTERS',
Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H..M. the Queen and H.R.H.
the Prince ot Wiiles. 237 and 2,'». High Holborn, London, W.C.

FOR fine Specimen STEPHANOTIS FLORI-
BUNDA. also good young bearing PEACH TREES, late
varieties, to average 9j ft. in height, llj ft. in width, apply to
R. GILBERT. High Park Gardens. Stamford.

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns.

HERBERT TITE begs to offer FTERIS
TREMULA. in thumbs, for growing on. good strong
stuff, packed and put on mil in London. £t per 1000 for cash.
Also stiong Forcing SEAKALE : price on application.
The Nur-eries, Hampton-on-Tliames, Middlesex.

I .("'RUIT TREES in Rots, prepared for forcing,
. covered with Fruit Buds, a large and fine stock. Standard
trained PLUMS and CHERRIES, Maiden PEACHES. NEC-
TARINES. &c. ; GRAPE VINES for fruiting; SEAKALE,
ROSES, STRAWBERRIES, and ASPARAGUS. LIST free.
WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery. Hampton, Middlesex.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 6 feet high, for immediate
disjwsal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
ChamEcrops escelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10-% per pair,
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

674

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeb 3, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS.— GREAT UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. FROTH EROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., overv JIOXDAY,
THURSDAY, and SATURD.VY, at half-v^i'i 11 -' : ■ I. i i' -
ctaely, extensive Consignments of HY'.\' I ■ I i: ' i I i r>,
CROCUS, NAKCISSUS, and other BULBS, i, .;,; il. n, i. m
excellent qnality, lotted to suit the Trade ;iii. I Tim ii ■ IIm..!-.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalosiie^ had.

En&eld Lock, Middlesex,

60,000 DWARF ROSES.

Important to Rose Growers. Great Clearance Sale, the Land

being required for Building Purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
in^lru.ted to SELL by AUCTION, ou the Premises, the
KoseO.ii 'i !i , .! - ; I T^nfield Lock Railway Station, Middle-
B-x, on ^\' I 1 ' ^ 1 -^ I ' \ ^ , December 7, at 12 o'clock precisely, the
entirc--l ' ' ■ I iWARF ROSES, well grown, 1 and 2-yr.

old, hu.l . i ■! ii'tti Stock, consisting of tlie choicest

Eiliiba.uu Wiiia.,.-. :juLli Tea and Hybrid Perpetual; also a
quantity of well mide packing boxes with tubes. First-class
Certificates have been taken for the flowers at all the important
Rose Shows in the country.

. May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had of Mr.SHARPE on the Premises, of W.H.Punnett.Esq.,
Surveyor, 35, Moorgate Street, E.C., and of tlie Auctioneers,
Bstate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.

N.B. — It is proposed to offer the whole of the Land in Build-
ing Plots in the spring of next year. Its proximity to the
Railway Station and Small Arms Factory rendering it particu-
larly attractive for cottage property.

Wednesday Next— Extensive Importatlono.

15,000 LILIUia;AUR.ATUM, from .Tapan.

30,000 Double African TUBEROSES, the last of

the Importation.

A splendid collection of various English grown LILIES, Barr's

DAFFODILS and IRIS. Standard and Dwarf ROSES,

CAMELLIAS, AZ.ALEAS, PALMS, and other PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the ahove by AUCTION, at tlieir Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, December 7, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
Very flue BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL liy ArcTIDN, at

their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheai'-.i-. T, l-.n r c .

on FRIDAY' NEXT, December 9, at halt-i i ' ' ■ ; i.

cisely, a specially iine importation of L.l-^l I \ \ '- i i: \ I \,

in superb health, embracing masses w, li , : lull

of foliage, with sound dormant eyes, and bull - : - .■.

Also splendid consignmenta of the follow m . _ ! . I m

fine condition ;—CATTLEYA LEOPOLDII. i I - i I IMI i>I \.
C. 'WAKNERII. L.KLIA ELEGANS, MILTnM w l:i i,\),l,l,
the rare ONCIDIUM MICROPOGdN. o. I I.I \l .isi m, ,..
CRISPUM (line masses), ZYGOPE'lWr.r.M i IMSIIl M.'iN.i-
DIUM RUIIES, MAXILL.1RIA HVIMIISi'M II. -M 1IY\( IS
THIFLOKA,- a fine new ODONTii'lI.i ^ssr \|, oN.llill.M
TRULLIFElirM STANHnl'IiA ^yv,-\,-. Iuu'.'IIht nilli a liii.'
lotof ODONTdlil,^ i--l M II m;I:VAXI'.M, liUNGORA .■■pecies.
and many other i ■;::::, 'S,

Mr. Sander d. i i i il attention to tlie L.ELI.V

PURPURATA iii Mil >.!' , 111. y are from a well known spot
whence he received some ie\ en years since the grand varieties
now in collections.

The masses are well leaved, and really splendid.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday Next.— (Sale No. 7.566.)
BULBS from Holland.

MR, ,T. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covcnt Garden, W.C., on MONDAY NEXT, December 5, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, several hundred lots of BULBS
for present planting, from Holland, and lotted to suit all
Buyers. Also SPIR.EA JAPONICA, S. PAiMATA, DIE-

LYTRAS, &c.
Out"

; of Sale, and Catalogues had.

■Wednesday and Saturday Next.
Choice named S: i i I i lu. nf I :i 'SRS from well-known
growers, l"l:i II i|:l I 111:' IIS and CONIFERS,

BORDER 11 1 I 1,1 II, „i a fine selection

of DUTCH M III- I I ■ - .i I- "iiiiis.

MR. J. C. .slK\L.\.-5 rtill .SELL the above
by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.O., on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY
NEXT, December 7 and 10, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely
each day.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next— (Sale No. 7569).
ESTABLISHED and SE.MI-ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, .at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, Decem-
ber 8, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine lot of ESTAB-
LISHED and SEMI-ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising
some rare species and tine varieties, a portion of which will be
in Flower and Bud.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7669.)
IMMENsi; IMI''ii;T.ATIOXS from .TAPAN.
6000 GRAND BULIIS of LILIU.M AURATUM, .500 L. A.
RUBKO-VITTATU.M, loiju L, AURATUM VAR., 2000
L. SPECIOSUM ROSEUM, .500 L. S. ALBUM, 2(00 L.
LONGIFLORUM. 1(J00 L. COEIDION, 1000 L. CON-
COLOR. L. BROWNII, L. LEITCHLINn, L. ELEGANS,
just received from Japan, in the finest possible condition.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above
by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, December 8, at
half- past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower.

MR. J, C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud will
take place at his Great Rooms. 33. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, December 14. at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if Gentlemen desirous
of ENTERING PLANTS for this SALE will send particulars
not later than THURSDAY NEXT.

Nurserymen, Florists, and Others.

FOR IMMEULVTE DLSl'O.s.VL, by order of
Trustee, tlie LEASE, STOCK, and PLANT of a S.MALL
NURSERY, at Jliteliara. Five Glassliouses, and healthy stock.
Incoming about £iiln.

COOK AKD SMITH. 47 and 48, King William Street, E.G.

Cradley, near Malvern.

TO BE LET, KllXiW.W HOUSE, with
Cottage. OutbuiI.lnv,'s, Gur.liiis and Orchard, in all
0ver2acres; also long r.inges r.f Il.itlioiises. including Pe;ich-
honse and Vineries, each 150 feet long; Tomato and Fig-
houses, Forcing Pits, &c. The soil of this locality is specially
adapted for the Growing of Grapes and Stone Fruit. Early
possession may be had.

For further particulars, apply to Messrs. CORSER AND
WALKER. Solicitors ; or to GATES. PERREXS ash WOOLD-
RIDGE, Land Agents, all of Stourbridge.

To Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Others.

TO BE LET, by Tender, for a Term of Years,
with immediat* possession, ST. GEORGE'S GARDENS.
St. Anne's-on-the-Sea. The Grounds are well laid out and
arranged both as Pleasure Grounds and Market Gardens, and
comprise Vineries, Hothouses, &c.

Full particulars from WILLIAM H. NUTTER. St. Anne's-
on-the-Sea.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, norist and Seed

BUSINESSES to I.- lUSI'ciSED OF.

MESSRS. Pl!i)TI!i;i:ui: and MORRIS'
HORTICULTI'l: u. Ill: contains full parti-
culars of the above, an. l i, iriatis, at
67audi;<. i - > 111 Ion. E.G.

ORCHIDS

An immense Stock.
Thousands Showing for Bloom.

NEW CATALOGUE
ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,
GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL^

T3ALM SEEDS.— Write for Special Offer to

X the Trade, and samples, to

H. DAMM.ANN, -Inn., lireslau, Germany.
Fresh to hand now are Areca, Keutia, Phoenix, Ravenaln,
Sabal, &c. ; also Araucaria imbricata.

W GORDON, Importer of Orchids from
• all parts of the world. An immense Stock of
recently imported plants compels a Sale of the Established
Plants to make room. These have not yet flowered, but are
all flowering plants, and must be sold at a great sacrifice.
Very valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great
bargains. See Public Journalsfor high prices recently ob-
tained. The special offer affords a paying investment to anyone
with glass at command which should not be overlooked. Such
plants may never again be offered to tlie Public and the
Trade.

LILIUM AURWUM, for Ghrislmas presents. Fourlh
arrival of tiOOO bulbs, the best that money can buy, id., tsd..
9rf., Is., 1.?. Gd. Specially imported ne phis ultra bulbs, 2s. 6d.
each. Very liberal allowance to the Trade.

LILIUM ALBUM KKAEZERI, the most lovely white
Lily grown — throws seven to ten flowers, which sell in market
at 25. per dozen ; beautiful and rare. Is. each, 105. per dozen.

LILIUM SPECIOSUM RUBRIIM CRUENTUM, the dark
form of this lovely Lily, most exquisitely marked. Is. each,
10s. per dozen.

LILIUM AURATUM PLATYPHYLLUM RUBRO-VITTA-
TUM, crimson, striped with gold : VIRGINALE, pure white,
and spotted, with gold band. All these lovely new and distinct
forms of Auratura, suitable for show purposes, very fine bulbs,

LILItJM HARRISn, 10s. per dozen ; and all other LILIES
equally cheap. Banksian Silver Medal awarded August, 1887.

JAPANESE NOVELTIES, 80 varieties ; IRIS, Tree
P.EONIES, MAPLES, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS. Please
apply for special offer to

W. GORDON, The Nurseries. Amyand Park Road, Twicken-
ham, Middlesex.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

E WING'S CATALOGUE contains short and
plain Cultural Notes, besides Descriptions and Prices of
the best Roses ; and in addition 28 pages are devote.l to (irna-
menlal Trees, Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Climbing Plants, Horti-
cultural Requisites, &.C. It is forwarded post-free to applicants
on receipt of three penny stamps, or Gratis to Customers.

Abridged LIST of low priced carriage and package free col-
lections of high-class Roses, gratis and post-free.
EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hampshire.

TO THE TRADE.— True Berlin Crowns
LILY OF THE VALLEY, BEDDING HYACINTHS, in
distinct colours; African TUBEROSES, .and SNOWDROPS.—
Prices on application to

JAJIES CARTER. DUNNETT, AND BEALE, 237 and 238,
High Holborn, London.

0 iTe SOLD, CHEAP,

FOR WANT OF ROOM ;—
1 LATANIA BORBONIGA, 7 feet high, 10 feet through, lefronds.

1 LATANIA BORBONIGA, ofeet high, 7feet through, 11 fronds.

2 DRACENA L.ATIFOLIA, in good tubs, IJ feet high, 6 feet

through. For particulars apply to
E. GmiAX. Ingeatre Gar<lens, Stafford.

Chrysanthemums.

MESSRS. W. AMI G. DROVER, growing
lOOOI'liiii ' I I! Kin Bloom, can offer good Cuttings

of Plants. \> I iliis season 42 Prizes and Silver

Medals; Oiii I '. h il. New Japanese, Maggie Mitchell ;

Certificates lii 'i in, Snuthampton, New Japanese. W.

G. Drover. .Mr. i;. .iloK iieux. Mr. G. R. Fetch, and other
noted growers very highly recommend it. CATALOGUES
3d. each. Nurseries, Fareham, Hants.

Special Cheap Offer.
J ARCH, 3 to 4 feet; Scotch FIR (genuine

' "' to 3 feet. Sample and price on application.
"" " 1. Jedburgh, Roxburghshire.

J. GHARLESWORTH,

HEATON, BRADFORD,

ORCHID IMPORTER AND GROWER.

Laiye Stock of all Leading Sorts.
INSPECTION INVITED.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS I

THE £-20 in FOUR PRIZES that we offered
at tfie National Society's Show at the Royal Aquarium for
the twelve best blooms of our New Varieties sent out by us \n»t
year brought some grand flowers to the front, which were the
centre of attraction. They have also been shown with the like
re-^ult at Hull. To arrive at the correct judgment of the same,
*■ h 'IImi ■■ \^ 1- ■,.!m|, !.■.[, \N JM.Ii iirovedamarvelloussuccess; oftei
till t-iiifeach exhibit was obtained, a3

Il \ . ' Hii-ing contrivance ever made.

< I I , - I I i ■ ! 1 \ i , -■ ■ -tor next year are even of "reatei

v:ilii M- Ml I ■ M 1, iiDwii ri'itir, ■^;t\-^. in T'/t (V(7rrfen,

III- ■ ' . WWW' ■! ■!. it li.' h 1- }r.-r„ -rowiii- forus)

W,rj.. .I.,!,,,,,.^,. ,n .xi-t..nno. It

al distinct kinds

COME AND SEE m.,,

CUTTINGS for imnirili It. ih .

;uid vigour, and the very foLimtation of success.

SEND FOR A CATALOGUE.

Mr. D. LiXDSAY, Otterspool Gardens^ Aigburth, Liverpool.

" I must congratulate you in placing on a sound basis judging
by ballot at shows. I should like to compete for your prize, but
we are so late in these parts."

Mr. W, RUSSELT., 15, Gibson Street, Sittingbourne, Kent,
November 18, 1887.

"The Chrysanthemums I had from you carried me to victory
at our show. Three First Prizes for cut blooms and two First
Prizes for specimen plants. Had the ^v^'athe^ been favourable
I should have run to the front in other classe-;."

H. CANNELL & SONS,

Tin.: no_irE of flowers.
SWANLEY. KENT.

WINTEB-FLOWERING

CARNATIONS,

Established in Pots.

All the best and newest varieties. Immense stock o£

splendid Plants, healthy and vigorous— full of flower-buds.

ROSES,

EstabUxhed ni Pots.

Many thousands extra stronf; busliy plants, specially grown

for forcing, from

18s. per dozen,

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QITEEN'S IvURSERYMEN,
CHESTER.

December 3, 1887.]

TEE GARDENEBS' CERONICLE.

675

SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.—
Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, Ads. per 100. Abies
Dougliisii, ] year, 205. per 1000. Abiesorientaiis.StoO inch, 12s.
per 100. American Arbor-vitte. 10 to 12 inches, 505. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni. 12 to 15 inches, 60s. per 1000. Cnpressus
erecta viridis, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000 ; ditto, 1 to 1^ foot,
extra, \0s. per 100. Cupressus stricta, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per
1000 ; ditto, 1 to 1 J foot, 12s. per 100. Cedrus Deodara, 6 to 9
inches, 6s. per lOO ; ditto, 12 inches, 12s. per 100. Pinus
insignis, 1 year, 45. per 100. Pinus Cembra, 2 years, lOs. per
1000. Pinus Nordmanni. 2 years, 6s. per 100. Pinus exeelsa,
1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis, 1 year, 5s. per 100.
Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches, 10s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa, 6 to 8 inches, 4^. per 100 ; ditto, 10 inches, 8s. per
100. Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 40s. per 1000. Thuiopsis
dolabrata, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100; ditto, 12 inches, fine, 12s.
per 100. Yew, En";lish, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Common Laurel, 12 to 14
inches, 35s. per 1000, RJiododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inches,
50s. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 inches, 30s. per 1000.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegans, Latauia borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, oOs. per 100. Package3 and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans, Phceuix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high, Is. Orf. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
Enterpe edulis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegana, 4 feet high, 15s.
per pair,

GAUDEXER. Holly T-n<lffe. Stamford Hill. London, N.

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EV E K G U E E N HEDGES.

The three best Shrubs for forming Hedges : —
THULA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet. 6s. per dozen, 30s. per 100.
YEWS, English, 2 to 2J feet. 8s. per dozen, oOs. per 100 : 2J to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 75s. per luO; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per
dozen, 130s. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, IJ to 9 feet, 5s. per dozen, 30s. per 100 ; 2 to
2^ feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2J to 3 feet, 12s. per
dozen, 75s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS axd SON, Billing Road Nurseries,
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address-" QUICK," NORTHAMPTON.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS, nxtra fine. —
Sir J. Paxton, Dr. Hogg, and President, 2s. per 100.
18s. per 1000.
GOOSEBERRIES, three leading varieties, 8s. per 100.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, line, 6s. per 100.
BOX, three varieties, good pot stuff, 15 to 18 inches, 12s.

per 100.
QUICK, extra strong. 4 years. 1.3s. per 1000.
WALLFLOWERS, Belvoir Castle and Harbinger, strong and

bushv, transplanted. 2s. per liX>.
DAISIES. The Bride, strong. 4s. per lOO.
MYOSOTIS. transplanted, 2s. per 100.
SILENE PENDUI.A COMPACTA, strong. 2s. per 100.
PAXSIES, bedding, blue, white and vellow, 6s. per 100.
PRIMROSE, single lilac, strong, (js. ]ier 100.

WILLI \M BALL, Bedford Kotid Nurseries. Northampton.

AVENUE TREES.— Well rooted, with
straight stems and good heads : —
ELM, Chichester, 8 to 10 feet, IO5. per dozen, 70s. per 100 ; 10
to 12 feet, 155. per dozen, IOO5. per 100 ; 12 to 14 feet,
2I5. per dozen.
„ English, 6 to 8 feet, 95. per dozen, 6O5. per 100 ; 8 to 10
feet, 12s. per dozen, 80s. per 100; 10 to 12 feet, 15s.
per dozen.
LIMES, Ked-twigged, 8 to 10 feet, 12s. per dozen, OOs. per 100 ;

10 to 12 feet. 18s. par dozen.
POPLAR, Black Italian, 8 to 10 feet, 6s. per dozen, iOs. per
100 : 10 to 12 feet, 9s. per dozen, 60s. per 100 ; 12 to
14 feet, 12s. per dozen.
,, Balsam, 8 to 10 feet, 12s. per dozen; 10 to 12 feet, 18s.
per dozen.
MAPLE, Norway. 8 to 10 feet, 15s. per dozen ; 10 to 12 feet,
ISs. per dozen.
JNO. JEFKERIES AXD SON, Royal Nnrseries, Cirencester.

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS

of 1887 :— Each.-s. d.

EDWIN MOLYNEUX, First-class Certificate 5 0

LADY T. LAWRENCE. First-class Certificate 3 6

DUKE OF BERWICK, First-class Certificate 2 6

WILLIAM COBBETT, First-class Certificate 2 6

MRS. J. WRIGHT, 2 First-class Certificates 3 6

MR. C. ORCHARD, Firstrclass Certificate 5 0

MR. H. CANNELL. First-class Certificate 5 0

MRS. H. CAXNELL, First-class Certilicate 7 6

MK. GARNER, First-class Certificate 2 6

ORMONDE 2 6

M. J. A. LADJG ... 2 6

OTHELLO 2 6

The above 12 varieties for

... £2 0 0

from Princess Teck, First-class Certificate. National Chrys
themum Societv. Nov. 9, 1887, 2j. 6<f. each.

CATALOUUE of aU the best New and Old Exhibition
Varieties, 3 stamps.

G. STEVENS, Chrysanthemum Grower, St. John's Nursery,
Putney, London, S.W.

N S '

VE, E T E G
GARDEN NOVELTIES.
BRAMBLES for Fruiting. I RASPBERRY, Black Fruited.
BRAMBLES for Flowering. RASPBERRY, Golden Fruited.

RARE and beautiful Shrubs. HEBBACEODS and Alpines.
RARE and delicious Fruits. | LAPAOERIA alba and rubra.
Illustrated LISTS post-free.
R. H. VEKTEGANS, F.R.H.S., Chad VaUey Nurseries,
Birmingham. Telegrams—" VEETEaANS, Birmingham.

QA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV^V/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants : extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-ineh pots, 2s. tia.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers,
France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections
ot FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CA-
MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT TREES,
&c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from
Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honoiu- at the
Universal Exhibition at Paris 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AKD SCULL,
90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G.

THe New Raspberry.

LORD B E A C U N S F I E L D .
(A Seedling.)
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First-
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canes, £3 per 100 ; 9s. per dozen. Smaller Cane^, 6s.
per dozen.

Trade supplied. Cash witli order.

A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen. Hungertord.

DIANTUM CUiNEATUM.— Afew thousand

toilispose of, very strong and healthy, in thumb-pots,
£7 per 1000.

W.M. MITCHELL, Nurseries, Enfield Highway.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others

intending planting Slirubs and Trees, &c., this Autumn.

ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call
attention to hia large and varied stock of tlie above,
more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES.
LIMES, ELMS, CHESTNLTts. EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to meBtion. Free delivery
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £o and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.

The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. S.W.

To the Trade.

Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.

HAND F. SHAKPE are now prepared to
• make special offers of their fine selected storks of
■\^GETAULE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have
harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very
advantageous to purchasers.

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHAUPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed tlu' harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of SWEDES. TURNIb-S. MANGELS, and other AGRI-
CULTURAL SEEDS, will be pleased to send special offers of
same on application.

Seed Warehou-se, Sleaford.

ARGE SHRUBS. — American Arbor-vitje,

2 to 2^ feet, 16s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, 2Qs. per 100.
Aucuba japonic;), Ij to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; ditto, 2 to 2^ fet^t.
40*. per 100. Berberis aquifolia. 1 to 1^ foot, 50s. per 1000.
Box Trees, 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Gri^liuia litoralis, 1^ foot, 30s.
per 100. Laurel. Common, 2 to 2^ fett. 10s. per 100. Laurel.
Portugal, 1^ to 2 feet, 20s. per lixi. Laurel, Colchic, 1^ to 2
feet, 10s. per 100 ; ditto. 2 to 3 f.-et, 16s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 4
feet, 20s. per 100. Laurel, caucusicum, 2 to 3 feet, extra, 20s.
per 100. Rhododendron ponticum. 1 foot bushes, 20s. per 100 ;
ditto, IJ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; ditto 2 to 2| feet, 40s. per 100 ;
ditt3o, to 3J feet, 70s. per 100. White and other colours, strong
and bushy, 70s. per 100. English Yews. 2 feej, 26s. per 100. Abies
Douglosii, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. ppr 100 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 45s. per
100. Araucaria imbricata, 1^ to 2 feet, 24s. per dozen; ditto,
2 to 2^ feet, 36s. per dozen ; ditto, 3 to 3| feet, 50s. per dozen.
Cupressus macrocarpa, 2 to 3 feet, 50s. per 100. Cupressus
Lawsoni, 2 to 3 feet, 25s. per 100. Cupressus erecta viridis,
2 to 2i feet, 35s. per 100. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 feet, 3os. per
100 ; ditto, 3 to Z^ feet, 18s. per dozen. Retinospora plumosa,
1^ foot, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2f feet, 30s. per 100. Retino-
spora plumosa aurea, 1 to 1^ foot, 50s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa, 12 to IS inches, 20s. per 100; ditto, 2 to 2J feet, 50s.
per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 2 to 2| feet, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 4 to 5
feet, 12s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2 to 2| feet, 50s. per
100. Thuia dolabrata, 1 j to 2 feet, 18s. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 3
feet, 30s. per dozen.

GARLIES AHTCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,

HilleKom, near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCILLaS (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

HINHAM'S INDUSTRY GOOSE-

BERRY.— The original stock of this variety, raised
by the late Mr. Robert Whinham. of Morpeth, offered in tine
plants, 4s. per dozen. Trade price on application.

THOMAS MATHESON, Nurseries, Morpeth.

'^rHE IRREPRESSIBLE BRAMBLE,

J- WILSON, JUNR.— We have a fine stock at Glenfield. of
home-grown Plants, at 6s. per dozen, cash with order, carriage
and packing free. The indications are that all will be wanted,
and more ; these are certain to grow and do well. If we are
compelled to import, we f^hall quote at Buyer's risk.
RASPBERRIES a specialty.
CATALOGUE of Choice Novelties in these and other fruits
gratis and post-free.

VICCARS COLLYER and CO., Central Hall, Leicester.

To the Trade.

SEED POTATOS.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to make
• special offers of their carefully selected stocks of
SEED POTATOS, raised on their own farms expressly for seed
purposes. Seed Growing EstaUishment, Wisbech.

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

BECKIVKD BY

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswiclc, London, W.

DOBBIE'S COMPETITION GUIDEj
1683 Edition.
For 25 years we have made the requirements of Exhibitors
and Competitors our special study, and our select strains ot
Flowers and Vegetables are known to be unsurpassed in the
United Kingdom. Our Guide, which extends to nearly 100
pages, is one of the most useful, original, and practical hand-
books in the Trade, and ought to oe in the hands of every
grower, whether professional or amateur. A copy will be sent
gratis and post-f.ee (in the first week of January) to all who
apply for it before then.— BOBBIE AND CO.. Rothesay.

T?OREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,

X 18s. per 1000. Ash, IJ to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000; ditto,
2 to .3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech, IJ to 2 feet, 14s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 18s. per lOOO. Birch, 1 to IJ foot, 18s. per
000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Eta,
i to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000: ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000;
litto. 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch. IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ;
litio, 2 to 3 feet. 14s. per lOOO ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. id. per
000 ; ditto. 4 to 6 feet, 20s. per lOOO. Spruce Fir, 1 to It foot.
Is. per 1000; ditto. lJto2feet, lOs. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 2j feet,
2.!. per 1000. Scotch Fir. IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000. Oak, 11 to
z feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000. Pinus
austriaca, 2 years transplanted, line, 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet,
' 0 2J feet, 26s. per 1000 ; ditto. 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore,
10 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000.
orns. 1 to 11 toot, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. 1 J to 2 feet. 1.5s. per
000; ditto. 2 to 2J feet, 17s. ^i. per 1000. Special offers for
ixtra quantities.

GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer.

RHODODENDRONS, Hybrid, 18 inches to 2
feet, £6 to £6 per 100 ; PONTICUM, 18 inches to 2 feet,
£2 to £2 10s. per 100.
AZALEA PONTICUM, 12 to 18 inches, S2 to £2 10s. per 100.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 3 to 4 feet, £2 to £2 10s. per 100

2i to 3 feet. JEI 1.5s. per 100.
COTONEASTER SYMONDSII, 4 feet, £1 Is. per 100.
LIGUSTKUM OVALIFOLIU.M, 3 to 4 feet, £5 per 1000.
HOLLY. Green. 12 to 18 inches, £5 per 1000.
LAURELS. Colchicum. £1 Is. per 100.
PINUS AUSTRIACA. 21 to 3 feet. £1 6s. to £1 10s. per 100.
RICHARD MASON, Windlesham Nursery, Bagshot, Surrey.

To the Trade only.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND offers to the
Trade SEEDS in limited quantity of the tollowin^ ;
price on applicatioji :—
CARNATION, " WHITE ROSETTE," for JIarket Growers.
The finest White, and most floriferous sort grown, aud
deliciously " Clove-scented." Three plants presented with
quarter ounce orders for trial grounds.
PINK— the Clove-scented " Mrs. Sinkins."
PRIMULA obcouica — selected.
NARCISSUS corbularia conspicuus.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND. Old-established Garden Seed
Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

R U I T T i E E i?

10,000 VICTORIA PLUMS.
6.000 GISBORN PLUMS.
5,000 PRINCE OF WALES PLUMS.
5,000 FARLEIOH PROLIFIC DAMSONS.
20,000 of other good sorts.
20.000 PEARS, in 60 sorts.
40.000 APPLES, in 100 sorts.
Brompton, Brussels, aud Common PLUM STOCKS,
strong. 2-vr. wood.
Strong trained Morello CHERRIES.
Price per 100 or 1000, on application to
FLETCHER BROS.. Ottershaw Nursery. Chertsey, Surrey.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best
and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready. Is. 6(/. per dozen, 10s. per 100 ; plants in January,
2s. Qd. per dozen. 16s. per 100. W. E.'s selection cheaper.
Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mous. Delaux's grand set
ot 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, 2 stamps.

WM. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans-
combe, Kent.

BLACKBERRIES, for Gardens, Eields, Rail-
way Banks, &c. The most suitable variety for this country
is VERTEGANS' " BEST OF ALL." at 7s. per dozen ; 52s. lid.
per 100. I can also supply -WILSON JUNIOR," at 6s. per
dozen. 40s. per 100. Other varieties at os. per dozen. 35s. per 100.
N.B, — All home grown. Carriage and Packing free.
For many other Novelties, Fruits, &c., not toI>e found in any
other Catalogue, see Vertegans' Illustrated LIST of Special-
ties, gratis and post-free.

VERTEGAJJS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Binmngham.

676

THE GAEDENER8' CHRONICLE.

[Decbmbbk 3, 1887.

BULBS.

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

ISrUESERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
WOBCESTEB.

FOR FORCING.

AZALEAS, fine Ghent

,, mixed I Covered

,, PONTICA 1 with

ANDBOMEDA FLOBIBUNDA | Buds.

BHODODENDRONS, fine named!

SPIK^A PALMATA

I A general a^ortmeiit of NURSERY STOCK, in the finest
possible coutiition, covering many acres ; one outlying piece of
several acres now being cleared, and preat bargains may be
obtained. FRUIT TREES, Trained Pyramids, Standards, &c.

800 yards from Sunningdale Station, S.W.
Railway, cue hour from London.

CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT.

Three Daiis Auctiun Sale this manth.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, in SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATALOGUE, of over i:}00 species and varieties, including
Rare, and Choice Ferns,''
Ferns," free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.
Reduced Prices to meet Depression.

DE S G K I P T I V E CATALOGUE,
comprising line transplanted FRUIT TREE*!, ROSES.
Hardy CLEMATIS, RHODODENDRONS, CONIFERS,
TREES and SHRUBS. CLIMBERS, FOREST TREES, &c.,
free on application to

GEO. JACKWIAN & SON,

WOKINfi NURSERY, SURREY.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots. 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100;
ditto in large pots. 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST tree.

RICHARD SMITH a.vd CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES. SAWBRIDGWORTH, HERTS.

THE BEST CELERIES.

HARRISON'S EARLY ROSE. — The must excellent early
Tariety, blanches quickly, very solid, cri^p, large si/e, and very
fine flavour. Per packet. Is. To the Trade, per dozen pkt9.,6s.

HARRISON'S LEICESTER RED.— Acknowledged to be the
best for general u^e. Pronounced by the Royal Horticultural
Society as the best in cultivation ; very solid and crisp, nutty
flavour, and very hardy. Per packet. Is. To the Trade, per
dozen packets, tis.

PENGELLY WHITE.— The finest white variety, good size,
■olid and orisp. -plendid quality, very handsome. Per packet.
If. To the Tra<le, per dozen paukets. 6s.

Each variety. Free by Po«t for 12 Stamps.

HARRISON & SONS, Seed Growera. LEICESTER.
GENUINE — RELIABLE.

JARMAN'S BULBS.

Collection No. 3, 1000 Choice Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, 21.S. delivered free.
large Illustrated Catalo^e sent free ou application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(Rkoisthredi,
CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

FRUIT GROWERS,

IMPORTANT.

AN IMMENSE STOCK OF

HARDY FRUIT TREES

in every form and variety— pronounced

by competent judges

"THE BEST In the Kingdom."

(See Reports Chiswick Conference, &c.)

Prices most moderate.

CATALOGUES on application.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN,
CHESTE R.

KOSES and FRUIT TREES.
HOSES, Dwarf H.P., all the best varieties, our selection,
.=i3s. per 100. 60 for 20s., 12 sent free by post for 8s.
ROSES. Dwarf Tea, from open ffround, including GloiredeDijon,
Marechal Niel, and otner good varieties. 9s. per dozen.
APPLE TREES, Standards for Orchards. ISs. and 24s. per doi.
,, ,, Buslies, 6s, per dozen, 4,^5. per 100,
.. .. Pvramids, 12s.. 18s.. and 24s. per dozen.
FRUIT TREES, 12 assorted Dwarf-trained. 30s. per dozen.
APPLE and PEAR TREES, 12 assorted Pyramid, 18s. per doz.
CURRANT TREES, assorted, Black, Red. and VPiiite. 2s 6d. per

dozen, 18s. per 100.
GOOSEBERRIES, Warrington and other best named sorts,

2s. &d. per dozen, 18s, per 100.
VINES, strong planting Canes, Black Hamburgh and Muscat
of Alexandria, and others, 4s, each.
Terms Cikh. CATALOGUES on application.

CARAWAY & CO.,

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that
without seeing it it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

FRUIT TREES, WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING
PLANTS,

• lu.ilit

INM'

unil^'

Tlie Glass Structures iDver an area of 282,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.

pUTBUSH'S MILL-

yj TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price. Gs. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d, per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignatureattached.

WM. OUTBUSH AMD SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Highgate Nurseries. N.

jfOREST, jf RUIT

U ALL OTHER

XTrees a b^lants.

»o*«|v««o»«tx^«\.

Descriptive Catalogues Post Free,

-jAA OF THE BEST DWARF ROSES,

^^^ well rooted, good sorts, and good plants, for 25s.,
packing free on rail. Cash with orders onlv,

E. LOCKE. Royal Rose Farm. Witliam, Kent.

CATALOGUES,

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,

HEREFORD

{Established 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,

FOREST TREES,

RHODODENDRONS,

CLEMATIS,

and other IPARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers will be made for Large Contracts.

MARECHAL NIEL ROSES!

NICE PLANTS, in fi-inch pots, 4 to 6 feet
long. Is, and Is. 6d. each.

FINE PLANTS, in 7-inch pots, with 2 and 3

shoots. 10 to 12 feet long. 2s., 2s. 6t/.. 3s., 3s. 6rf., & .Ss. each.

MAGNIFICENT PLANTS, in 10-inoh pats,

With2and3shoot3. 12 to 15 feet long. 7s. 6(i. & 10s. 6i. .•ach.
Tfie ctlove cannot be sttrpnssea.

The Company have also a large and fine stock of other
CLIJIBING ROSES in pots, and also UWARF TEA ROSES,
in pots, in great variety.

LIST with full particiilnrs on npplicatinn.
The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOH.V CiiWAN). Limiteil, The X'lni-var.l ami Nurseries.

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NnT FIBRE REFUSE.

4d. per bushel ; 100 for 25s, ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),

40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. 6d. pep sack ; 6 sacks,

25s. ; sacks, id. each
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22j. ; sacks,

COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. 9rf. per bushel; 15s. per hall
ton : 26s. per ton. in 2-bushel bags, 4rf, each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIROm CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write tor Price LIST.—
H. O. SMYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21. Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a. Coal Yard). W.C.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

(PUBLISHEBa OF May'S PRESS GUIDE,)

ADVERTISING AGENTS,

159, PICCADILLY,

LoifDON, W.,

RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London, Provincial,
Coutinental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publications, for one or any number of ini>ertious, and are pre-
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.

Special advantages to Large Advertisers.

Established ISftO.

Only AddrMS— 1&9, PICOAPILLY, London, W.

DscsuBBB 3, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

Q77

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(Established 1804.)

ROSES (20 acres)

Parkinp and Carriai
STANDARDS. 155. per

FRUITS (74 acres

BUSHES. 83. per dozen.
60s. per 100.
Parkinp and Carriage Free for Cash with Order.
STANDARDS. 155. per dozen, or 100 tree for 1205.

Best Varieties. Every form
and kind of tree at low

SHRUBS, &C. (9! acres.) ly\^^^^^^,:

FLOWERING PLANTS (8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100).
FOREST TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000), %o'??ro1X*!^

15s. to iJ6s. per dozen.

ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

4s. per dozen. 25.?. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

3 Planting. 4s. per 100.
J Forcing, l&s. to 2hs, per 100.

PI CMATIC ^hite to Dark Purple. Single and Double,

Famous Planting and Forcing Asparagm and Seakale.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful Information, free on application.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Roots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try William Clibran & Sox, who are probably in a
better position than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers the^e desirable conditions. Statements of this
class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way. a few facts as to the progress of our
business may be named.

Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 2 acres of ground are now
covered with Glass and Buildings. Wages paid first year, about £250, to four men and a boy. now are £5000 per annum
r 100 hands regulariv employed. Rent then. £.36: now. near £800. Acreage at start, 6J ; now. 85, and still increasing

and extending c

alls

^^^M. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NTTRSEBIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BOWDON ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,

have the pleasure to offer

Table Decorations.

PALMS. FICUS Er.ASTICA. ASPIDISTRAS, grand plants

for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured; good

plants, for immediate effect. 18s.. 2\s., and 30s. per dozen.

SOLANUMS. full of beautiful berries. 9s.. 12s.. and 18s. per

dozen. The finest Stock in the North of England.

Winter Flowers for Indoors.
EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLOKA, bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Sprars. &c., 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA. scarlet heads. 9s., 12s. perdoz.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERARIAS, 6s.

per dozen.
BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12s. per dozen ; small. 4s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Clumps of SPIR.EA JAPONICA. S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, 6s. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing. 6s. per 100 ; clumps. 12s. and 1.5s. per dozen.
Seedling CINEEARIASand CALCEOLARIAS. the fineststrains.

Is. 6rf. per dozen ; in pots. 2s. 6rf. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud. 12s. and I8s. per dozen.
AZALEA PONTICA. 6s., 9s.. and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS, 18s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a maasof buds. 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
PRETTY CYTISUS, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, the fine«t variety of all tor large white

flowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and 30s. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS. CANTERBURY BELLS, SWEET WIL-
LIAMS. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen. 50 for 3s. ,100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ARABIS. AUBRIETIAS. DAOTYLIS, white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS, PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNAKLA
TOMENTOSA, ALYSSUM. Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

CATALOG

General Stock as under : —

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

DAISIES, red, white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 5s. per 100.

40s. per 1000.
VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours. Is. per

dozen. 6s. per 100.
PYRETHRIJMS, strong clumps, 4s. per dozen.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the best

kinds, 3s. per dozen, 21s. per 100.

Boses— Roses— Roses.

DWARFS, from the ground, of the best sorta of Hybrid

Perpetuals. 6s. per dozen. 50 for 21s., 100 for 40s,
TEA SCENTED, in pota. the best kinds. 15s. and 18s. per dozen .
STANDARDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees.

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety. Standards and Pyramids. 6s., 9s..
and 12s. per dozen ; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s.. 183,.
and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. per dozen ; Trained, 18s.

and 24s. per dozen.
PLUMS. Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. perdoz.; Treined, 24s. per doz.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS. 2s.. 3s., and 4s. per dozen.
RASPBERRIES. FILLBASKET, Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sorts. 4s.. 6s., and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS (or Window-boies,

pots. &c.. in beautiful little plants. 6s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens. &c., in great variety and sizes, from is.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, 3s. 6d.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, aa broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS. lovely kinds. 3s. per doz., 16s. and 20s. 100.
PLANTS for Hedges. Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

5s. to 15s. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from 16s. to 30s. per
I 1000; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100; HOLLIES,

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

UES FREE.

VrHL. CLIBBAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and 12, Market Street, KEancliester.

THE GOmCER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free Sjd. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 63 ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, SOs.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. BICHABDS, 41, "WELLINGTON STBEET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST ROSES,

The BEST CAMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, ice.

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHEtlBS,

The BEST PAKK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUIT TREES and GRAPE VINES,

The BEST SEEDS, &c..

May be seen and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

w A

lear " Walths
1 hour from I
vited.

PAULS NURSERIES.

LTHAM CROSS

im Cross" Station, Great Eastprn Railway, lialf

JERSEYFF5U1T TREES.

** t" ' » «J 1^ ' Carriaae Pa d. Cordons n si.w.alito

JOSHUA LE Cul^^^

Write for Illustrated Catalo"
iSD SON. High View Nurser
paid for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for Zls"

Early orders secure extra strong plants.

(Ka.x'dLlly-Cjri^o'ss-]:!) ^

FRUIT TREES.

NEW CATALOGUE (NO. 339) POST FREE.

YERY EXTENSIYE & SUPERIOR STOCK.

i^AU the Most Desirable

Varieties in Cultivation.

Habdier.thtjs succeeding viuch hetterTUKK Tbees
Gbown in Wabm & Sheltered pahtb of England.

^a gealeii ^crjicil BWacrajjt.

"James Dichon & Sons"

"NEWTON" Nurseries,

Chestex*.

HANS NIEMAND & CO.,

THE ROYAL NURSERIES,
BIRMINGHAM,

RE3PE0TTULLT CALL ATTENTION TO THEIR

LARGE COLLECTION of PALMS,

varying in height from 1 to 16 feet,

and filling two large houses of the following dimensions,

viz., 70 feet by 30 feet, and 70 feet by 20 feet.

As it is difficult to describe these grand plants, purchasers

are respectfully invited to call and see for themselves.

The General Stock is also well worth attention, filling
twenty-three large houses, and consisting of about : —
1000 CHRYSANTHEMUMS,
2000 POINSETTIAS,
1000 DOUBLE PRIMULAS.
1000 CYCLAMEN,
50U0 FERNS,
Other ORNAMENTAL and FLOWERTNG PLANTS in
proportion. Also about
4000 CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.
Dtscripti

lUlTTR

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

J HHEAL&.QONS

WiM Crawley, \3 Sussex,

678

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeb 3, 1887.

F, C. LEHMANN , imperial German Consul in Popayan fCaucaJ, Republic of Colombia,

begs to offer the following ORCHIDS, ^-c. .—

1. — ADA, sp. nov. Flowers orange-soarletj

lip pure white...

2.— ANGULOA spec, aff. A. EUCKERI. .

3.— BATEMANIA WALLISI, Rchb. f. . .

4.— „ aff. B. GUSTAVI, Rchb. f.

5.— CATASETl'M EXPAXSUjVI, Eohb. f.

6.— „ LEITMANXI, ligl

7.— „ OCIIKACEUM, Rchb. f.

8.— CATTLEYA CHOCOEXSIS . .

9. — ,, „ selected large masses . .

10.— ., ., var. ALBA

11.— „ TRIAN^I, Lindl. and Rchb,

f., Papay.an variety ...

12. — „ „ masses of from 50 to 100 bulbs

13.— „ „ var. ALBA

14. — „ „ „ ALBIDA, sepals and petals

pure white, the expanded part of the lip
soft pink

15.— COMPARETTIA FALCATA, Popp.

and Eodl.

16.— „ SPECIOSA, Rchb. f

17.— CYCNOCHES LEHMANNI, Rchb. f.
18.— HOULLETIA CHRYSANTHA P . .
19. — „ spec.
20.— LUDDEMANNIA LEHMANNI,

21.— LYCASTE MESOCHL.ENA, Rchb. f
22.-

Eacb.

! s. d

0 '5

0 6
0 6
0 10

0
0
0
0
5 0
5 0

PRICE.
Per 100.

12 0

15 0

20 0

20 0

0 10 0
0 15 0

1 0 0
3 0 0

3 0 0
0 2 0

0 10 0

0 3 0

0 3 0

0 10 0

49.—

50.—
51.—
52.—
53.—
54.—
55.—

spec. Sepals brown, petals and lip

23. — „ ,, (lowers white . .

24.— „ XYTRIOPHORA, Liud. and

Rchli. f.

25.— MASDEVALLIA.— These plants not

travelling, unjes^ attended to personally
on the voyage, the naming of species has
been omittted here. I cultivate about
40 species in Popayan, of which strong
plants, established in baskets, maybe had
from 55. to £1 each.

26. — MAXILLARIA FRACTIFLEXA, „

Rchb. t. 0

27.— „ GRANDIFLORA, Lindl. . . 0

28.— „ LEHMANNI, Rchb. f 0

29.— „ LEPIDOTA, Lindl 0

30.— „ „ var. ALBIDA, Rchb. .f . . 0

31.— „ LUTEO ALBA 0

32.— „ SANDERIANA, Rchb. f. ..060

33.— „ spec. aff. MAX. FRACTI „ , ^

TLEXJE 0 4 0

34.— „ spec. aff. MAX. LEH-

MA>rNI. Flowers 16—18 cm. (6—7 inches)
acro'*'; ; ^^ep<^I3 white with rosy tip-
petals white, streaked with light purph
lip rose, streaked with purple, the in3i(
yellow. This is the r.irest and most .^ n a
beautiful of the Keiuis. Cultivated plants .i 0 0
„ From the natural haliitat collected

35.— MESOSPINIDCUM ROSEUM. Rchb. f.

36.— „ SANGUINEUM, Rchb. f.

37.— „ VULCANICUM, Rchb. f.

38.— ODONTOGLOSSUM ANGl'STATUM.

Lindl.

39.— „ CLAVICEPS. Rchb. f

40.— „ CIRniinsOl, Lindl

41.— „ CRISrr.M, Lindl.

42.— „ „ var. LEHMANNI, Rchb. f. ..

43.— „ CRISTATELLUM, Rchb. f.

44.— „ EDUARDI. Rchb. f

45.— „ EPIDENDROIDES, H. B. K. . .

46.— „ HALLI, Lindl

47.— „ „ var. XANTHOGLOSSUM,

Bchb. f.

48.— „ LEHMANNI, Rchb. f. (whether

procurable is doubtful, the woods in which

15 0 0

15 0 0

15 0 0

40 0 0

20 0 0

75 0 0

0 0
0 0

25 0 0

10 0 0

10 0 0

25 0 0

20 0 0

15 0
15 0

12 0 0

10 0 0

10 0 0

20 0 0

6 0 0

10 0 0

0,10 0 0
20 0 0

12 0 0

40 0 0

8 0 0

6 0 0

15 0 0

8 0 0

10 0 0

8 0 0

Per 1000.

e s. d.
60 0 0

100 0 0

135 0 0

35 0 0

55 0 0

100 0 0

35 0 0

55 0 0

100 0 0

60 0 0

45 0 0

35 0 0

75 0 0

40 0 0

50 0 0

40 0 0

10 0 Oi 50 0 0

8 0 0

12 0 0

10 0 0

25 0 0

8 0 0

10 0 0

40 0 0

60 0 0

50 0 0

45 0 0

50 0 0

0 2
0 3

8 0 0
10 0 0

0 5 015 0 0
0 10 0

10 0 0

15 0 0
50 0 0

„ „ spec. Flowers white . .

,h5g.eatesrv?lca;^icetuptXsoteer''n' ,, „ „ 106.- „ (KEFERSTEINIA) GRAMI-
■ in Ecuador) .. 2o 0 0 NELM, Rchb. f.

I^^'TEO-PURPUREUM, Lindl.,^ 3 010 0 0 55 0 0 108:=ZYGOPe71lUM ' TcWdRO-

var. Thp flowers' smaller .".^ 0 3 O 8 O 0 45 0 0 ^^ _ rhyncha) chestertoni ...

?m vv'^\VTln'-v'p hv,V in n n k^ n n lio'— EUCHARIs'SANDERIANAi Bat.

^^^^.M^;^^^^^'- :: ;; f, II 'III ii^-«™R^,?irAJ^B.I?^e^h^^^^^^^°-

var. XANTHINUM .. .. 10 0 0 55 0 0 112.— PH^EDRANASSA ' CHLORACRA,

SCEPTRUM 10 0 0 50 0 0 Herb

ROEZLII, Rchb. f 050 15 00 75 00 113.— „ LEHMANNI, Rgl.

Large established plants ..|l 0 0i , 114.— „ SCHIZANTHA, Bat. ..

Conditions -.—Juices are quoted in English Sterling, and where not expresslif otherwise stated, correspond to plants collected from their natural habitat, delivered free of all charges at the port
of shipment. From there Buyers take all risk and expense. On orders of 2000 plants of the same species a reduction of lb per cent, is allowed. The packing is executed under F. C. Lehmann's
personal care, and the methods employed, whifih an experience of twelve years has proved him to give the best results. But under no conditions will F, C. Lehmann hold himself responsible for
the state or condition of the plants on their arrival: and Consignments once shipped at tho port, are entirely at the risk and .expense of the persons who havp ordered them. .To secure the
arrival of tlie Plants in good condition Consignment^^if not expressly other^vise ordered — will be dispatched only when the Plants are in fit condition to travel ; the months beiiig January to
April, and Jidy to October ; and as the communication in this country" is defective and wearisome, and the months "being few during which shipments can be made, orders should be sent in as early
as possible, so as to allow ample time for their execution. The amount of the Orders will be covered by Bills of Exchange drawn on the issue of the Bills of Lading'; amounts under £-'5 three days
above that amount 90 days after sight payable. Payments abo may be effected through jieBjrs, ROSINO BROTHERS & CO., 10, Baslnghall Street, London, B.C.

Each.

; s. d.
0 3 6
0 15 0
0 5 0

0 2 0

0 2 6

0 6 0

0 7 6

0 10 0

1 0 0

No.

57.— ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXIL-

LARIU.M, Rchb. f., var. RUBELLUM ..
,, ,, Large masses, established
58.— „ var. LEHMANNI, Rchb. f.
.59.— ONCIDIUM AURIFERUM

Rchb, f. ■

60.— „ JAMESONI, Lindl

61.— „ KRAMERI, Rchb. f 0

62.— „ NURIGENUM, Lindl

63.— „ OP,RYZATUM, Rchb. f. . . 0

64.— „ OLIVACEUM, H. B. K

(CUCULLATUM var. MACROCHILUM. .
Lindl.) 0

65.— „ PYRAMIDALE, Lindl. . . 0

66.— „ VIRGULATUM, Rchb. f.
67.— „ WELTONI, (FUSCATUM

Rchb. f.)

68.— „ (CYRTOCHITUM) MACRAN-

THUM, Lindl.

69.— „ „ „ var. HASTIFERUM . .
70. — „ „ spec. Scape 40 — 60 cm. high

Sepals chestnut-brown, petals yellow,
spotted with brown. Very
ornamental

71. — „ „ spec. nov. Spike 4 — 5 metres

long ; branches with r> — 6 large flow
brown ; petals barred with yellow

72.— „ „ SERRATl'M, Lindl.

73.— „ „ UNDULATUM, Lindl.

74. — „ „ large established plants . . 0 10

75.— PAPHINIA RUGOSA

76.— PERISTERIA ELATA

77.— RESTREPIA ANTENNIFERA

78.— „ CUCULLATA, Lindl. .■."

79.— „ GITTTULATA, Lindl

80.— RODRIGUEZIA SECUNDA, H.B. K.
81.— „ (BURLINGTONIA) NEO-

GRANADENSIS

82.— SCHOJIBURGKIA, spec

83.— SELEXIPEDIUM (CYPRIPEDIUM)

IIARTWEGI. Hchb. f. ...

84.— „ „ RETICULATUM, Rchb. f.
85.— „ „ ROEZLII, Rchb. f. . .
86.— „ „ WALLISI, Rchb. f.
87.— STANHOPEABUCEPH.ALUS,Liiidl. 0

88.— „ CONNATA, Kltzsch 0

89. — ,, spec. Flowers pure white, with
a little purple in the cavity at base of the
lip

90. — „ spec. Raceme 8 — 12 flowered,

light orange, spotted with dark carmint

91.— „ TRICORNIS, Lindl

92.— TRICHOCENTRUM spec. Flowers

pale yellow, lip spotted with red
93. — „ spec. Very rare; flowers as large
as those of Odontoglossum Warscewiczii...

94.— „ TIGRINUM

95.— TRICHOPILI A FRAGRANS, Rchb. f .

96.— „ LAXA. Rchb. f 0 2 6

97. — „ spec. Flowers small, yellow ,

98.— UROPEDIUM LINDENI, Liiidl. .".' 0 3
99.— ZYGOPETALUM (BOLLEA) CCE-

LE.STE. Rchb. f.

100.— „ (PESCATOREA) DAYANUM,

Rchb. t.

101.— „ „ KLABOCHORUM, Rchb. f,
102.— „ „ LEHMANNI, Rchb. f.
10.3.— „ „ ROEZLII (EUGLOSSUM),

Rchb. f.

104.— „ (WARSCEWICZELLA) VE-

LATU.AI, Rchb. f.

PRIOR
Per 100.

£ s. d
12 0 0

15 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

8 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

20 0 0
25 0 0

35 0 0

15 0 0
15 0 0

Per 1000.

75 0 0

35 0 0

45 0 0

45 0 0

35 0 0

45 0 0

35 0
30 0
35 0

40 0 0

100 0
125 0

75 0 0
75 0 0

15

0

0

12

0

0

60

0

0

6

0

0

30

0

0

5

0

c

30

0

0

6

0

0

35

0

0

5

0

0

30

0

0

5 0 0
12 0 0

0 5 0

25 0

50 0

10 0

.50 0

20 0 0

20 0 0

25 0 0

20 0 0
0120 0 0

0 5 020 0 0

0 15 0

12 0 0

10 0 0

8 0 0

8 0 0

8 0 0

20 0 0

020 0 0

o;2o 0 0

6 25 0 0

0
0 6 0

0 5 0

15 0 0

15 0 0
15 0 0

35 0 0

45 0 0

50 0
40 0

40 0 0

5

0

0

25

0

0

5

0

0

30

0

0

3

0

0

20

0

0

Dbcembee 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

679

JENSEN'S GUANOS

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WRITE for TESTIMONIALS.

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In GAEDElSr and GEEENHOUSE.

JENSEN'S GUANOS

ABE

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WRITE FOR

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TO

J. JENSEN & CO.

(LIMITED),

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CHARLES SHARPE & CO.'S

SPECIALTIES, 1887-8.

SHARPE'S

FEA.

3s. 6d. per pkt.

SHARPE'S

PE4.
23. 6d. peri pint.

SHARPE'S

PEA.
3s. per pint pkt.

SHARPE'S

PEA.
Is. 6d per pint

packet.
13. per J pt. pM.

SHARPE'S

PEA.
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packet.
Is. per i pt. pkt.

SHARPE'S

PEA.
Is. 64. per pint.
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SHARPE'S

POTATO.
Is. Per Pound.

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2s. 6d. per stone.

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2s. 6d. per pkt.

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BEOCCOLI.

Is. per packet.

VICTORY.

First-class Certilioate, K. U.S., iaS6.
This magnificent variety surpasses every-
thing we have ever seen. Tlie habit of
the plant is vigorous and much branched.
Pods produced in pairs, occasionally, three
together, well iilled with large Peas, ten
to eleven, of extra fine flavour, and
deep green colour when cooked. Height
2 feet.

EMPRESS.

An improved NePlus Ultra. DeepRreen
pods of immense size, containing ten or
more tine large deep green Peas, of exqni-
site flavour. Height 5 feet.

QUEEN.

A crand Blue Marrow; height 3 feet.
Pods large, d«ep green, mth large, green,
dtdiciously flavoured Peas. It is so con-
tinuous u cropper that a constant supply
may be maintained by it alone after the

SIR F. A. MILBANK.

A magntiicent, large. Blue Wrinkled
Marrow. Peas extra large — deep greeu.
^'ery hardy. Height 5 feet.

TRIUMPH.

A fine Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrow,
tine flavoured and heavy cropper — sixty-
nine Pods, with nine to eleven Peu^ in
each, gath^■^ed from one plant.

PARAGON.

Hardiest and earliest large Wrinkled
Marrow. Successive crops can be had for
four months.

lirst'C/ass Certificate B.H.S., 1884.

STANDARD.

The linest round Potato ever sent out.
An extraordinary oropper, flesh white,
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large flatti&h-round tubers.

VICTOR.

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Is. per packet.

CONQUEROR.

The longest -podded variety known.
Pods often 16 to 18 inches long. Fine for

Exhibition.

EPICUREAN.

The most prolific, earliest, deepest in
colour, and finest in flavour of any variety
grown. Fruitlongand very handsome. It
is simply perfection.

EMPEROR.

The finest of the glossy-leaved varieties
used for bedding. Leaves metallic in ap-
pearance and very deep in colour. The
root is deep red, without rings, and very
rich in flavour.

ECLIPSE,

A remarkably prolific variety. Fruit
globular, smooth, growing in large clusters
at every joint ; exquisite flavour, colour
bright cherry-red.

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-# r-

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1887.

D A K W I N .

NO reviewer cognisant with the state of
science a quarter of a century ago, and
familiar with the general course of its progress
since that time, can undertake the perusal of
these volumes * without a feeling of awe and
reverence. Every working naturalist educated
to hold, almost as an article of religious belief,
the dogma — for such it was — of the immutability
of species, will recognise that we do not over-
state the case. The overthrow of the idea of
sanctity pertaining to species, the stupendous
change, the utter revolution of thought, not
only in natural history, but in almost all de-
partments of human knowledge, which have
occurred as a consequence of the general accept-
ance of the principle of evolution, may well
inspire a feeling of awe. This, of course, will
not be experienced by the younger generation,
who in this particular have no lessons to unlearn,
no old prejudices to discard, no false beliefs to
divest themselves of. Reverence, however, for
the noble simplicity of Charles Darwin, and
admiration of his straightforward pursuit of
truth, will be felt alike by young and by old.

So much has been said in the public press of
late upon the character and career of the great
naturalist, that not much that is new remains to
be told. But looking at the book before us as a
biography, it will be found that the prophet-like
character of the man, the nature of his message,
and his method of acquitting himself of his task,
excite an interest far deeper than that attaching
to the hero of a romance, and this in spite of
the fact that the details of his life were in
themselves uneventful. The story of his career
and the leading features of his character have

» The Life and Letters of Charles Daruin. including an
autobiographical chapter, edited by his son, Francis Darwin.^
In three volumes, 8vo. (Murray.)

680

THE GABDENEBS' CTTBONICLE.

[December S, 1887.

been slietched ao often of late (and on various
occasions in these columns), that we feel now
under no necessity to dilate either upon the one
or the other. We may, however, at the outset
congratulate and thank Mr. Francis Darwin for
the admirable delicacy and tact in which he has
performed his difficult task. He has drawn, or,
shall we say, caused to be evolved a life-like
portrait of his father. He has carefully avoided
placing his own name conspicuously in the
corner of his picture, and he has, as it seems
to us, been marvellously skilful in steering
clear of possible offence to the over-sen-
s tive. The events of his life are told partly by
Darwin himself in an autobiographical sketch,
p rfy in a chapter written by the son,
and in which the pure happiness of the family
life at Down is reverently hinted at rather than
paraded, and his father's method of work
described. Darwin's amazing appetite for work
in various fields is rendered the more remarlfable
from the almost constant ill-health under which
he suffered. After the return in 1836 of the
Berigle from its five years' voyage — a voyage, the
importance of which will, in the future, be esti-
mxted by the fact that it evolved a Darwin — the
life of the philosopher becomes, so far as the
public is concerned, identified with his books.
The greater part of the three volumes before us
is, in consequence, taken up with a history of
the genesis and development of the numerous
books and memoirs written by him. Darwin
himself is made to tell the tale in a series of
letters written by him to many of the leading
naturalists of the day.

These letters are delightful reading ; they pre-
sent the psychologist and student of character
with a wealth of material which is sure to be
turned to account in the future. And what a
picture they present of the philosopher ! How
they bring into clear relief his insatiable appe-
tite for collecting facts, and carrying on experi-
ments ; his no less remarkable tactical power of
grouping those facts in support of his views — the
perfect candour, which led him to adopt what he
calls a " golden rule," and to note objections and
facts that ran counter to his views with even
greater care than those which might be adduced
in their support, and this, in order that, as he
tells us himself, he might not allow his bias to
induce forgetfulness or unfair treatment on his
part — his mode.sty and self-abnegation — his
meekness and patience uuder the virulence with
which he was at first assailed — his hearty
appreciation of the work of others — all this
an J much more that is cognate comes out quite
unconsciously and spontaneously in these letters.
Lest it should be thought that this is an ideal
sketch — something supernatural or impossible in
practice — it may be as well to add that there is
an element of humour which peeps out now and
again, and there are occasional traces of irrita-
bility, atttributable to persistent ill-health.

But these letters are of greater importance
still, regarded as elements in the history of
science. We have here, in fact, the thoughts and
opinions, not only of Darwin himself, but of the
great masters of science upon the questions of
the day in a form most valuable for study. The
scientific career, for instance, of Sir Joseph
Hooker is incidentally sketched almost in as de-
finite outlines as that of Darwin himself, and
many a naturalist who is not a botanist will be
thankful to get the insight into Sir Joseph's
views on "Distribution of plants over the sur-
face of the globe," which is here afforded. Oh,
that the fragment of the Flora Indica by Hooker,
and his friend Thomson, with all its wealth of
morphological detail, could have been completed

in the light of the Orujin '. But this is a vain
regret. To pursue our subject, we have in these
volumes delineations of the character of the
thoughtful, cautious Lyell, the eloquent Huxley,
the Paladin of Evolution ; the clear-headed Gray,
and many others brought before us in a perfectly
natural manner, so natural that were not another
line written, the nation would still know more
than a little of its greatest men. The history of
the Origin of Species, its inception in 1837, its
long incubation, its ultimate publication in 1859,
its reception and its development, will of
course form the points of greatest interest for
the general naturalist. There are, however,
special reasons why in these columns we should
confine ourselves more particularly to those
books in which Darwin availed himself so
freely of the results gained by practical horti-
culturists, such as Rivers, the Pauls, Masters,
and others, and those researches by means of
which he personally threw so much light upon
certain points of vegetable physiology, and which
lie at the basis of all successful practice. To do
otherwise would demand an amount of space and
time far beyond the limitations imposed upon us.
A thrill of pride which, under the circumstances,
is surely justifiable, comes over us as we see from
the pages of the volumes before us, and espe-
cially in the Variation of Aiiiy^iah and Plants
under Domestication, what large use was made
of the records in these columns. Dar\vin's own
contributions to our pages began so long ago
as 1844, p. 218. In that year the facts
upon which, many years after, his book on the
Formation of Vegetable Mould through the ActioJi
of JVorms was based, were laid before our readers,
having previously been made the subject of a
paper read before the Geological Society of
London. For many years after that, indeed
nearly till the end of his life, Mr. Darwin con-
tributed notes to this journal, or availed himself
of its correspondence columns as a means of
obtaining information. On turning over the
volumes of the Life and Letters, and noting how
frequent and how varied were the inquiries made
of cultivators and others, we can but feel some
regret that the purpose of these inquiries was
not more often made known than it was.
To the initiated, of course, these inquiries,
relating either to out-of-the-way things, or
to the commoner experiences of the breeder
and cultivator, were intelligible enough ; but
to others not behind the scenes, or less
well informed on points of natural history, the
enquiries must, one would think, sometimes have
provoked a smile less of admiration than of sur-
prise, that one should be found giving time to
such unimportant matters. After the publication
of the Origin the importance of all these
supposed little matters became obvious. They
all fell naturally into their places, and were seen
to be the constituent stones of a vast and sym-
metrically planned edifice. The work on the ferti-
lisation of Orchids and that on the movements
of climbing plants enhanced the impression.
This fact once perceived, Darwin became the
recipient of a countless host of communications
on all sorts of subjects, some of value, others, we
fear, very much the reverse. These, or some of
these, found a place in that most marvellous
collection of facts (though of diverse degrees of
value), gathered together in the Variation of
Animals and Plants under Domestication. This
book at once disposed of the shallow and ignorant
scoff heard at one time, that Darwin was a
theoriser only. Some who read the Origin paid
no heed to the author's statement that his specu-
lations wore almost all inferences and inductions
from facts, but when the armoury itself wiis

made visible by the publication of the Variation
the veriest Gradgrind must have been more than
satisfied. The merits of such a book could
scarcely fail of recognition from a horticultural
journal, and therefore it is of some interest- to
note (vol. iii., p. 77) that Darwin himself appre-
ciated the notice given in our columns. '" There
is " (says he, writing to Hooker) " a capital
review in the Gardeners' Chronicle which will
sell the book if anything will. I don't quite see
whether I, or the writer, is in a muddle about
man causing variability. If a man drops a bit
of iron into sulphuric acid he does not cause the
affinities to come into play, yet he may be said
to make sulphate of iron. I do not know how
to avoid ambiguity. After what the Pall Mall
Gazette and the Chronicle have said I do not

care a d ! "

Next in order of publication to the Origin,
and before that of the Variation, was the
book on the Fertilisation of Orchids. This
had the greatest charms for the botanist, as it
rendered so clear the simple plan upon which
these complicated flowers are constructed as
well as the association of form and function
and gave meaning and purpose to what before
had seemed merely capricious, or at the best
unintelligible. " I think," siys Darwin, in his
letter to the publisher, ''this little volume will
do good to the Origin, as it will show that I
have worked hard at details." It is true, con-
tinues his biographer, " that his botanical work
added a mass of corroborative detail to the case
for evolution ; but the chief support to his
doctrines, given by these researches, was of
another kind. They supplied an argument
against those critics who have so freely dog-
matised as to the uselessness of particular
structures, and as to the consequent impossibility
of their having been developed by natural
selection. His observations on Orchids enabled
him to say, ' I can show the meaning of some of
the apparently meaningless ridges [and] horns.' "
This work, in which the author was greatly
aided by the authorities at Kew, by Messrs.
Veitch and other Orchid growers, probably did
much to disarm opposition in certain quarters by
showing the all-powerful agency of I'urpose.
'• Many of the Germans," says Darwin, in a
letter to Mr. Dyer, " are very contemptuous
about making out the use of organs, but they
may sneer the souls out of their bodies, and
[but ?] I for one shall think it the most interest-
ing part of natural history."

That this has been the general opinion among
the public has become conspicuously evident by
the large numbers of amateurs and others who,
stimulated by Darwin's example, have continued
to observe and experiment, and found delight
therein, such as the mere collection and deter-
mination of species and names never would have
afforded.

The books on the Effects of Cross and Self-
Fertilisation of Flowers, and on the Different
Forms of Flowers in Plants of the Same Species,
may naturally be mentioned next in order.
These, too, were largely based on record contained
in the Gardeners' Chronicle, but more especially
on the author's own personal experiments, in
the course of which the advantages of at least an
occasional cross were fully established, although
nothing was said to discredit the advantages
of self-fertilisation under certain circumstances.
We cannot here enter into particulars, but- it
will be admitted by all raisers that those con-
tributions of Mr. Darwin's alone raised him to a,
rank equal with the Knights and Herberts of a
former generation. The experiments he -per-
formed, as remarkable for ingenuity, simplicity

Decembeb 3, 1S87.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

681

of method, and we might almost say roughness
of appliance, as for the labour bestowed upon
them, gained their author adherents and sympa-
thisers among a class not likely to sympathise
with abstract speculations.

The work on Imectivorous Plants, published
in 187.") -which, by the way, is omitted from the
appendix at p. 3H4 of vol. ii. — was based on ex-
periments the results of which were communi-
cated to the Linnean Society. Great scepticism
prevailed on the matter, especially among gar-
deners, who doubted (as some still do) whether
any advantage to the plant really accrues from
the absorption of nitrogenous matters. To phy-

the experiments has been challenged by com-
petent observers in Germany, but that does not
affect the marvels of the facts themselves.

\\'ith this we must close our present notice)
although the subject is one at once so intensely in-
teresting to naturalists, and so important in its
bearings on the cultixation of plants, that we
may, at a future time, recur to the subject.

A DOUBLE FLOWERED OXALIS.

Whilst at the Cape last spring, I called at the
Botanic Gardens, in Port Elizabeth, where Mr. John

Fig. 129. — oxalis imbeicata, bocble floweeed vae. ; flowers hose-coloched.

siologists, however, so little is the matter now
doubted, that it is by them universally accepted
as a modification of the universal process of
digestion alike in animals and in plants.

The researches on the movements and habits
of climbing plants, afterwards developed into a
book, entitled The Puwer of Movement in Plants,
caused the greatest astonishment and interest.
Indeed, we do not know anything in the whole
range of physiology so wonderful as the endow-
ments possessed by the rootlets of seedling and
other plants, and which were made known by the
experiments of Mr. Darwin, aided by his son, the
editor of the present volumes. It is true that
the interpretation given by Darwin to some of

Wilson is Curator. Amongst the plants and seeds I
obtained from him for Kew were some tubers of an
Oxalis, which he had gathered at Uitenhage, about
30 miles from Port Elizabetli. aiid which he described
as having pretty rose-coloured double iiowers. The
drawing herewith (tig. 129), represents one of the
plants obtained from these tubers, and it will be seen
from this that the flowers are perfectly double, as
much so as the most double of Chinese Primulas.
The colour is a deep rose. It is apparently a variety
of 0. imbricat.a — a species found in t'itenhage.
Hitherto we have known of only one double-flowered
Oxalis, viz., O. cernua, var. fl. pi., of which there is a
figure in Flore dc Serres for 1873. In this the flowers
are umbellate on an erect scape 6 inches high, lemon-
yellow in colour, and as double as that here figured.

It was distributed by Mons. Louis Van Houtte, but
I have never seen nor heard of it in cultivation. W.
U'a/son, Kew.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

NEPEXTHES CUKTISII, Mast., .-^p. nov*
This is a handsome species, introduced from Borneo
by Mr. Curtis to the establishment of Messrs. Veitch
of Chelsea, and lately exhibited by them at the
Royal Horticultural Society, where it obtained a First-
class Certificate. The illustration (fig. 133, p. 689),
obviates the necessity of any further description than
the technical one appended to this note. Sulfice it
to say that it is a handsome form, whose large trum-
pet shaped pitchers are likely to improve by culti-
vation.

Their colour is a dull green thickly mottled with
purple. The lid is ovate-acute, about the size
of the mouth of the pitcher, and prettily marbled
witli purple on a pale ground. The midrib projects
at the base of the inner or lower surface of the lid in
the form of a flattened knob, and also near the apex
in the form of a spur. It is nearly allied to X. Bos-
chiana and to N. Katttesiana, but may be dis-
tinguished by the shape of the leaves, the looser
arrangement of the nerves, and more especially by the
shape of the operculum with its two projecting horns
on the inner or lower surface, one near the apex, one
at the base, and by the midrib on the back of the
pitcher being prolonged into an excurrenfc horn, not
just at the base of the lid, as it is generally, but from
the back of the pitcher some distance below the top.
The true botanical position cannot with certainty be
ascertained till the plant has flowered. M. T. M.

Angim:cum icHNEUMOXEtm, Lindl.

This plant, a discovery of the excellent traveller
Mr. Gustav Mann, has at length appeared alive in
England. I believe I had it in September last from
Mr. J. O'Brien, but as there was no leaf, and as the
flowers were nearly gone, I did not dare name it.
Later on I received a very good inflorescence and a
leaf from Mr. J. Day, who has a living plant. It
has a long inflorescence, quite in the way of that of
Listrostachys rutila, odoratissima, &c., but the
flowers are arranged rather loosely on a long axis,
each with a short cyathiform bract. The sepals and
petals are ligulate, blunt, acute, of a dirty ochre-white
with a curious spur, the upper half of which is fili-
form, while the inferior apicular part is much thicker
and apparently usually full of honey. Scientifically
I call it Listrostachys ichneumonea, as the two
caudicles adhere to one gland. Dr. Lindley thought
the two caudiculai were freeman oversight exceed-
ingly easily made in the examination of dried pressed
Angraica, where it even may happen that the gland
is broken in two pieces, as I have experienced
myself and it is very rarely that dried specimens
are provided with anthers and their contents in
Angrieca.

The ligulate dark green leaves, a foot long by 2 inches
wide in the wild specimens, are rather shining, un-
equal at the apex, mucronate on one side, shorter

* Nepenthes Cttrtisii, Ma^t., sp. nov. — Glabra vel parce
puberula ; caule cylindrato ; foliis approximatiti, petiolis
concavis basi amplexicaulibus late alatis longitudine
■i cm., laminis sub-coriaceia superne glabris subtus glandulia
parvia conspersia, 20 cm. longis obloagis, basi modo rotun-
(latis aliqiiando in petiolum augustatis, apice inter lobulos
duos rotunda to3 obliquos cirrifero, nervis parallelibus obscurie ;
a;5cidii3 ad 20 cm. ascendentibus bucciniformibua viridibus
purpureo-maculatis, postice (quoad axin plantte) alatis alia
(lentato-fimbriatis, antice nervo medio prominente versus
apicera in calcar excurrente notatis, ore aperto elliptico antice
ill collum erectum opercuUferum longiuscule producto, peri-
.'tomio recurvo costia tenuibus cequabilibus purpureo-fuscia
instructo, fauce glauco nitido, operculo cordato-ovato-acuto
pulcherrime marmorato, intua glanduUs parvis obsito,
3-nervio nervo medio prominente ad basin processu unguli-
formi obtuso, nee non ad apicem processu calcariformi prarcdito.
Ab in3. Borneo in hort. Veitch a dom. Curtis illata. Flores
adhuc ignoti. Ad, N. Boschianam vel N. RafHesianam forte
iilteriiis referenda, differt tamen nervatione Eoliorum, opercuUs,
forma sitaque procfs^^uum, M. T. M,

6S2

THE GABDENEnS' CHRONICLE.

[DECEjroER 3, 1887.

and decurrent on the other. It is an Orchid for
botanists, not for amateurs. H. G. Rc/ih.J.

Dendeohium thigonofus, n. sp. *

I received this from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. in
April, 1887. It is a very interesting plant. The in-
floresence at hand is one-flowered. There is, how-
ever, an indication of its being .able to produce a second,
or even more flowers. The strong ovary is evidently
trigonous. The mentum is very blunt. The sub-
st.ance of the golden-yellow flower is quite as thick
as in Vanda tricolor. The sepals are ligulate, acu-
minate, keeled on the midrib. Petals oblong, apicu-
late, broader, and shorter. The claw of the lip is
rather long, dilsited into a broad lamina, whose
lateral segments are nearly square, toothletted out-
side, separated by a narrow sinus from the anterior
semi-ov.ate, denticulate lacinia. The colour is yellow,
with a row of red transverse lines superposed on each
side of the disc between the side-lacinia;, and a
green area in the centre of the anterior lacinia. The
whole surface is more or less rough. The column is
trigono-pandurate. The posterior lacinia of the
androclininm is subulate, the side-lacinia: are rhom-
boid. Anther emargin.ite at the top. The flower
exceeds in size a good flower of Dendrobium Cam-
brigeanum.

I received once a fusiform, curved, sulcate, shining
bulb, having four much developed and some short
joints, 6 to 7 inches high, more than one-third of an
inch in the widest diameter when fresh.

I applied to my excellent and most intelligent
correspondent, Mr. J. Day, for more details. This
gentleman prepared for me a very fine sketch at the
end of June. It showed that only the uppermost
joints have ligulate oblong-acute leaves, 3—4 inches
long, hispid, mostly underneath, as well as on the
sheath. Mr. Day also stated that the plant came
from Birmah. " The leaves are thick, papery, dull
green, rather rough, slight hirsute at the back, and
the youngest over both surfaces. The old bulbs are
much sulcated, and of a purplish-brown colour."

My opinion, expressed before, is, that wc cannot
maintain the nigrohirsuta for all the nigrohirsute
species. This one belongs to Dr. Lindley's group,
Dendrocorynffi. It is very easy to object to this
group, but nothing better has as yet been suggested,
so far as my opinion and knowledge go. Dendro-
bium Brymerianura, indeed, affords evidence that a
Dendrocoryne can produce a rather thin stem, but I
never saw the swollen part missing, unless, perhaps,
in a certain herb.irium specimen, in the authenticity of
which I do not believe, and which has no flower.
S. G. Echh.f.

MonMODES VEnNIXU'M, M. sp.'\

This was introduced from Roraima by Mr. F.
Sander. Its inflorescence may be well compared
with that of Mormodes buccinator, inasmuch as the
flowers are in a close raceme. The expanded lip has
quite the shape of that of Mormodes variabilis, but
there are no hairs on it, and that species has a long and
lax inflorescence. Tlie flowers of vernixium are equal
to those of a good Mormodes buccinator, and of an
almost blackish black-purple. The sepals and petals
are broad and shining, as if varnished. The lip
has its mid-line a little lighter, with blackish-purple
spots, whilst the remaining portions are like the

• Dmdrobulm tri/jonopiis, n. sp. (Dendrocoryne inflorescen-
tiis lateralibm) : caulibus humilibus demum iiulcatis apice
mono— tripliylli» : toliis primum ac vaginis hispidulis, oblongo-
ligulatisacutu; petlunculo unilloro (vix semper), ovario pedi-
cellato bene trigone mento obtuso; sepalia tepalisque sub-
stautiffi valdc firmir ; sepallsligulatlsacuminatissupra nervum
medium carinati-s; tepalls latioribus, brevioribus, apiculatis,
labello ungniculato dllatato trifido, laciniis lateralibufs sub-
quadratis ejttus denticulatis, lacinia mediana semirotunda
denticulata, superflcleasperrima ; columDCcbrevlssubpanduratffl
lacini.i androcliniari postica subulata, laciniis latcralibns late
rhombeis; antheraemarginata. Flores pulchra flavi. Striole
rabriE seriatO! utrinque juxta discum inter lacinias superiores.
Discus laclniffi antic* viridis. Ex Birma, Imp. exc. H. Low.
B.G.Bchb.f.

t Mm-mode9i vcmiriim, n. sp. — Aff. :Momio.li buccm.ltori,
Undl. : racemo demo; sepalis tepalisqiie oblongafis angulis
aculis ; labelli lamina transversa elliptica medio nutice porrectn
subquadrata cum apiculo, glabra. Ex Koraima (Ouiana), imp.
czF. Sander. H. «. ItcM.f.

sepals and petals. The column is just as twisted as
we expect it to be in a Mormodes. It is light
mauve-purple, with numerous dark spots. The
lip is hairless, as stated above, and the central part
in the top is retuse, with an apicnlus, and is pro-
tracted with a fold eacli side, just as in M. varia-
bilis. H. G. EM. f.

C<T-,I,00VNE (PlEIOSe) 3I.1C0LATA {Lilldl.) VinC:IKE.\,

n. var.

This lovely plant has its lip tinted with light
sulphur and there are a very few nearly evanescent
purple lines in the middle, which you may most easily
overlook. All the dark purple margin.al spots are
lost. There are five well developed lines of fila-
ments but the outer ones are nearly obsolete. It
is stated to have appeared amongst a lot of Ctelo-
gyne maculata imported three years since. The
bulbs are described as pale green, without any mott-
ling. It was kindly sent by Mr. C. J. Rowe, gr. to
W. II. Scott, Esq.,"Nunfield, Dumfries, N.B.

Nearly the same variety was sent me by Mr. W. S.
Kimball, Rochester, N.Y., as maculata alba. It
appears narrower in the sepals and petals, the yellow
of the lip is darker, and there seem to be no light
purple lines. The bulb, kindly added, shows that
long tubular neck, whilst the superior part of the
thickened body beneath it is constricted in the mid-
dle, and is lobed marginally. Mr. Kimball appears
to have an excellent collection, and his catalogue
of the Cypripedia is quite bewildering by its riclies.
H. G.Iichh.f.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

(Coiidmkd from p. 616.J
We have filled about 3 feet of the front of our
long border witli plants of comparatively low growth.
Perhaps some of these, as, for instance, Fraxinella,
may be taller than some others which we have spoken
of for a less forward place. This depends in a great
measure upon the soil. The border ought to be well
furnished with Lilies. I omit nil of doubtful temper.
L. aunatum and L. speciosum have been quite given
up here amongst hardy plants, nor can the choicer
Californian Lilies be trusted to behave well with me
in the open ground; but there are so many good
Lilies of which the hardiness is beyond suspicion,
that we regret less the absence of those which will
not stand rough weather and wet winters. The
hybrids of L. croceum, sold .as L. davnricum or L.
umbellatum, are excellent for the mixed border, and
the typical forms, or L. croceum and L. bulbi-
ferum', should be added. The Martagons are
good, especially the white, and the very dark
L. pyrenajum is not a general favourite, but
make's up for shortcomings by being satisfied any-
where : and the red variety is also worth notice, L.
chalcedonicum.does well near the back, sheltered by
tall plants and trees. The best Lily I grow is L.
colchicum, which has several names, but all the
varieties I have seen may be produced from the seed
of one pifint. It should be grown from seed, which
comes up readilv, the bulbs flowering about four
>ears old. It hates being disturbed or transplanted,
and likes stiff soil. Another good kind is L. testa-
cenm, which .also likes to be let alone, but incre.ases
rapidly.

For L. tii'rinum the soil must be made light, and
the drainage perfect. As for L. candidnm, I plant
it plentifully, but it seldom makes really fine heads.
L. pomponium I find a little capricious, but when it
makes a good head it is more brilliant than L.
chalcedonicum. L. canadense is good, and does
better in the soil of the mixed border than in peat.
L. pardalinum and its varieties I have not planted ;
they increase fast, and are rather untidy in appear-
ance, and do best in peat. The above are all
the Lilies I have planted, and they .are arranged
amongst other plants according to their height. I
have mentioned them altogether for convenience.
Perennial Asters, too, greatly as they vary in height,
may be noticed together. These require great care

in selection, or they soon get shabby. A. amellus
and A. bessarabicus m-ust of course be planted.
Also an early but first-r.ate Aster, bright blue in
colour. A. spectabilis. Then there is A. versicolor
in three difi'erent heights, the habit being good and
compact. Its best form, of medium height, is sold
as A. discolor major, and is one of the best in culti-
vation. A. longifolius formosus is also a good
dwarf in spite of its wrong name, and A. sericeus is
worth growing for its silvery leaves. A. cordifolius
and A. undulatus both continue for long without
requiring division, and hove several good forms,
A. panicnlatns has white flowers in .abundance. A.
turbinellus and its variety, wrongly called A. Chap-
manni, may be .admitted. A tall and richly-coloured
form of A. punctatus, often called, I think, A. acris,
retains a good compact habit. I know of hardly any
others which will not spread and be tiresome, or
degenerate quickly. I have not admitted Columbines.
The commoner kinds are coarse and troublesome by
seeding into other plants, and the choicer species and
hybrids are very short-lived and had better be treated
separately.

We must give the names of a few plants between
2 and 4 feet high, which satisfy the required con-
ditions. Tliere are several good Campanulas ; the
varieties of C. persicifolia, the form of C. latifolia
known as macrantha, also Scabiosa caucasica. Core-
opsis lanceolata— the only perennial of the genus
worth growing here ; Iris sibirica in several varieties ;
Thalictrum aquilegifolium, witli purple flowers as
well as with buff; Rudbeckia speciosa, Centaurea
ruthenica, good and distinct ; C. dealbata, clear rose
colour ; C. stricta, a great improvement on the coarse
C. montana ; Inula glandulosa and I. ensifoli.a, the
latter very neat, compact, and floriferous. though as
a rule the genus Inula consists of worthless weeds ;
Senecio japonicus, which is a grand plant .and does
fairly well here ; Eryngium 01ivieri.anum and phanum,
the latter, I think, often confused with alpinum. Also
the best forms of TroUius europ.xus and T. asiaticus ;
these may be planted rather far back in proportion
to their height, being robust, and early to flower.
The best of them, T. Fortunei, I regret to say, fails
here. Varieties of Trollius are sold by many names ;
most of them, I believe, belong to T. europffius,
which crosses here spontaneously with T. asiaticus,
though no good results have yet been established.
Erigeron (alias Stenactis) speciosum should also be
mentioned.

It remains to speak of a few good back-row plants.
We have already indicated two or three tall Asters;
perennial Sunflowers suggest themselves, but the
difficulty about these is thjit most of them are great
trespassers ; H. doronicoides, rigidus, and lajtiflorus
are quite inadmissible on this account, though every
gardener will find places for them somewhere. The
best late Sunflower for our purpose is one with black
stalks, growing into a bush 6 feet high, with flower-
ing branches from top to bottom. Ware used to
sell it as l.-ctiflorus; at Kew they insist th.at it is a
Jerusalem Artichoke, and n.ame it II. tuberosus. so I
suppose it is a hybrid of that species. The only other
Sunflower I can admit is H. multiflorus in several
forms, n. Maximilhani, or dw.arf forms of H. gigan-
teus, might do, but I am doubtful whether to try
them.

Rudbeckia californica and R. subtomentosa are
very different plants, both of them good in their
way. Heliopsis Ixvis or scabra. for I cannot distin-
guish them, is excellent, producing flowers of the
brightest gold. Veratrum nigrum is worth a place,
so are Galega officinalis and Clirysanthemum lati-
folium, the latter far better than Pyrethrum uligi-
nosum, with its green disc. Helenium autumnale
flowers quite to tlie frost. Veronica virginica and
sibirica are two very distinct forms of the same
species, and both should be grown. Papaver brac-
teatum in its best forms may be introduced plentifully,
doiuf well anywiiere, and being contented to efface
itself till winter as soon .as tlie flowering is done.
Centaurea macrooephala is a grand plant while it
lasts, but wants room above ; it does not spread at
the base. Cimicifuga racemosa and Spir.xa aruncus
are both excellent for their tall feathery plumes of

December 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

683

flower; Delphiniums, of course, must not be for-
gotten—I mean the best florists' varieties, which
come pretty well from seed. "We must have Lychnis
chalcedonica, double anil single ; two or three of the
more compact forms of Dav Lily, Hemerocallis Thun-
bergii and H. MidJendorfiana being especially good.

And now I think my list, .is far as my own planting
has gone, is about completed. Those who have any
knowledge of plants will of course distinguish
between plants which flower from side branches, like
Delphinium, .ind those which flower only at the
summit, like Lychnis chalcedonica, and apportion
their room accordingly.

I sav again, in conclusion, that I have omitted
many plants excellent for ornament and useful for
cut flowers, because for some reason they would be
out of place in a permanent border of perennials.
C. Wollei/ Dod, Ed.qc Hall. Xovcmber 19.

Nursery Notes.

ORCHIDS AT MR. BULLS.

At this establishment, when inspecting the winter
flowers, we first came to a houseful of Cymbidiums,
with many charming specimens of C. JIastersii in
flower, together with several of the graceful C. ele-
pans, and a good example of the rare C. afiine, with
large white flowers and broad leaves like C. Parishii,
the whole giving a very good reason for devoting a
house to them. When last we visited this collection
the same house was gay with C. eburneura, C. gigan-
teum, and C. Lowianum. Some of the last-named
are again in bud; and thus it is with every large
genus of Orchids — if grown properly, and in sufficient
quantity, each genus gives a supply of flowers almost
all the year round. The Cymbidiums here are grown
nearly as cool as the Odontoglossnms .and the
Vandas (which are in gi-and condition), but very little
wanner. 'With the latter is a splendid lot of Ccclo-
gyne cristata varieties, among which a good batch
of the C. cristata alba prominently figures.

The Cypripediums appear in well flowered plants
of C. Spicerianum, C. Harrisi-anum X , C. hybridumx,
C. barbatum pictum, C. b. 'Wameri. C. Lawrence-
anum, C. Ashburtoniie X, C. Crossianum X, C.
supercilhare X, C. porphyreum X, C. Sanderianum,
C. concolor Regnieri, which is certainly freer to
flower than the old species ; C. longifolium, and a
very fine series of C. insigne vars., the best being
C. i. violaceo-punctatum, although C. i. Chantini, C.
i. albo-marginatum, and C. i. maculatum are each
very handsome, and moreover these and the rest of
the Cypripediums do not seem to be affected by the
fog which sadly dims the lustre of many other
Orchids.

The Cattleyas and Lajlias in the large house here
are grown to perfection, and bear flower-sheaths in
profusion, but at present few are in flower. Some
very bright and varied C. bicolor, a few C. Eldorado,
C. luteola, C. Bowringiana, and a plant of L.xlia
elegans alba, however, brighten the house, and in a
comer of it is a fine and well budded batch of
Angr.xcum sesquipedale, which thrives well in this
intermediate temperature. The long house, con-
taining the large specimens of Odontoglossum
crispum, is just beginning its show, with a few dozens
of grand spikes of the finest type. These are placed
at intervals along the whole house, and their fine
sprays of flowers varj-ing from ten to sixteen on each,
bending over the path, give a pretty efl'ect, the large
white ones contrasting admirably with the few coloured
species and spotted forms arranged with them.
The O. vexillarium, which are always admirable
here on account of their vigour and cleanness, are
grown slightly warmer than the O. crispum, and so
also are the 0. Phalffnopsis and 0. Roezlii, some of
which are still in bloom. In other houses were in flower
a fine lot of the fragi'ant white Pilumna nobilis, a
magnificent pure white Lycaste Skinneri alba, 'Vanda
Sanderiana, Odontoglossum hastilabium, Oncidium
bicallosum, 0. pnmilum, and a curious species of
Esmeralda hardly expanded yet.

Among the JIasdevallias in bloom we found
several specimens of M. racemosa (Crossii), M.
Schlimii, M. torta, many M. ignea, M. Chel-
soni and other smaller species ; and in an
adjoining cool house a fine display of Oncidium
tigrinum, and O. varicosum, with some O. Forbesii,
O. pra:textum, 0. chcirophorum, 0. incurvum,
Odontoglossum madrense, a bright batch of scarlt t
Sopronitis, another of wdiite Masdevallia tovarensis,
a third of the different species of Miltonia, the most
attractive being M. spectabilis bicolor, M. s. More-
liana, M. Candida, M. Regnelli purpurea, and a fine
new form of M. Clowesii. with rich Indian-yellow
sepals and petals sparsely barred with chestnut, and
large pure white lip with violet base. In the same
house in flower were Ccclogyne ocellata maxima, C.
barbata, C. Gardneriana, Mesospinidium vulcani-
cum, Dendrochilum uncatum, D. Cobbianum, Jlaxil-
laria grandiflora, and Liclia pr.xstans.

The next cool house has a grand lot of Oncidium
macranthum, finely bloomed plants of the old favourite
Odontoglossum grande, and pretty O. Insleayi leo-
pardinum and 0. 1, splendens, Oncidium Phalmnopsis,
Odontoglossum Rossii majus, Trichosma suavis, &c.

Another house has a quantity of Lrclia autumnal is
atrorubens, which were magnificent before the late
fogs, which it is to be hoped the rare collection of
white varieties of L. anceps in bud will escape, as
well as the L. albida, which will be in bloom about
the end of the year.

In the warm houses are a few Phatenopsis in
bloom, and a well-grown lot of varieties of Oncidium
Fapilio and 0. Krameri, in bud ; some Saccolabiums,
Burlingtonias, and a very strong lot of Oncidium
sarcodes. Among the plants, other than Orchids,
which, by their brightness catch the eye, may be
mentioned a fine batch of the lovely blue Tillandsia
Lindeni, the gold and green Dracwna Lindeni, and
the new and brightest scarlet Bouvardia, President
Cleveland.

Palms, grown in small pots, in moderately heated
frames, are a special feature here, such graceful kinds
as Cocos Weddelliana, Ptychosperma rupicola, and
the Kentias being selected for the purpose. Some
idea of the extent of this culture may be formed from
the fact that 3000 Kentias were being packed as one
item in an order going away at the time of our visit.

THROUGH THE LANDES TO
BAYONNE.

It would be out of place here, and would occupy
far too much space, to attempt to give anything like
a full description of the physical peculiarities and
geography of the Landes. Charles Kingsley says,
" To form a conception of these famous Landes, it is
only necessary to run down hj the South-Western
Railway through the moors of 'Woking or Ascot,
spread them out flat, and multiply them to seeming
infinity. The same sea of brown Heather, broken
only by the same dark pignadas, or Fir plantations,
extends for nigh a hundred miles ; and when the
traveller northward has lost sight, first of the
Spanish mountains, and then of the Pyrenean snows,
he seems to be rushing along a brown ocean, with-
out wave or shore." Only about a century ago a
stretch of country measuring about 125 miles along
the sea-coast, with a maximum breadth of 60 miles,
was a dreary stretch of shifting sand dunes, gaining
in breadth each year by an average of about
20 yards. This was practically an arid desert in
summer and a marsh in winter. Now, thanks to
the enormous plantations of Pinus Pinaster — broken
at intervals by stretches of Oaks, &c., to keep
within bounds the forest fires which frequently
occur — the shifting sand has been fixed, and the
invasion of the dunes arrested. The resin yielded
by the Pines is a very important article of commerce,
and its collection gives employment to a large pro-
portion of the population in this thinly-inhabited
region. Trunks showing the long cuts and the mode
of collecting the resin, the efl'ect of this on the trees,
and the tools, &c., used in the process, are exhibited
in a large case in Museum No. 3 at liew.

Arcachon is a pretty town, situated on a Pine-
fringed lagoon, the so-called Bassin d'Arcachon,
famous for its oyster beds. Here we noticed two or
three species of Cistus in abundance. Nearer
Bayonne the Cork Oak is regularly planted along
the borders of the Pine woods, and the cork fur-
nished by the trees in Giiscony, according to Joanne's
excellent guide-book, commands in the English and
French markets a higher price than that from any
other country. Erica vagans, the Cornish Heath,
is common everywhere, and E. scoparia, growing as
high as a man, is abundant as an undergrowth in the
more open woods. The stems and rootstocks of this
last species furnish the hrmjin pipes — rechristened
briar-root by British shopkeepers. In the boggy
woods here and there the Royal Fern is abundant,
and some of these have been transferred into tubs,
and ornament the small not particularly gay looking
station. The rootstocks of the specimens in one
locality were clothed with the delicate branches and
blossoms of the pretty little Wahlenbergia hederacea.
The mantle of white noticed on a few small ponds
turned out to be a profusion of flowers of Alisma
natans— a rather rare British plant. In the southern
part of the Landes Erica cinerea .attained a consider-
able size, growing through the top of the quickset
hedges along the railway, and clothing them with
their sprays of brightly coloured flowers. The pre-
vailing Oak wiis our common British one, Q. pedun-
culata. As in Britain Q. sessiliflora wsis much more
local. Q. pubescens, although met with abundantly
in L.anguedoc, was uncommon in the west. The
only shrubby plant in flower not previously men-
tioned was Ulex nanus.

BlARElTZ.

The spring and early summer flora of this neigh-
bourhood is rich and varied enough, but the lateness
of the season (August 1.3), iind the long-continued
drought of the past summer, prevented us from find-
ing, amongst the wild plants of garden interest, any-
thing more than Erica vagans. Tamarisc was every-
where, but most of it certainly planted. For clothing
banks close to the seanothing seems toequal this pecu-
liarly graceful shrub. In the higher part of the town
an open space overlooking the sea was planted with
rows of standard Tamarisc, the stems being straight
and even, about 3 or 4 inches in diameter, with round
heads pruned in to about 5 feet in diameter. Tecoma
radicans is common as a creeper on houses, and T.
grandiflora .as specimen bushes on lawns and in shrub-
beries. Lagerstrtcmia indica was the only other
ornamental shrub in flower. The general impression
left in our minds, both here and in many other south-
em towns, was that the population seem satisfled
with the natural beauty of their neighbourhoods, and
that gardening, as we understand it in England, was
much neglected. About 35 miles from Bayonne is
the Spanish Brighton, San Sebastian. The town
was decorated in honour of the Queen Christine's
visit, and flags, triumphal arches, &c., were every-
where. Some of the porticos and verandahs of the
fine houses in the principal streets were tastefully
decked with evergreens, &c., a few with Orange
branches laden with flowers and fruits. Here, as in
Biarritz, standard Tamarisc occurred in some num-
bers. The gardening proper seemed much below the
level of that in England or of the North of France.

Pai;.

The Taiv in this famous health resort is a long
strip of Beechwood, the upper portion being high
above the Gare de Pau. In the flat lawn-like stretch
at the bottom of the steep Beech-clad slopes, a
number of Conifers are grouped, but none merit
special mention. The Pare Beaumont, however — a
private property of about 20 acres, bought by the
town for the public enjoyment — contains many
things of interest. Foremost perhaps was a remark-
ably fine bush of Lagerstraimia indica in full flower ;
this specimen was about 20 feet high and 15 feet
through, and the effe produced by its mass of rosy-
pink blossoms in the bright sunlight was very won-
derful. Eriobotryajaponica is a favourite shrubbery
plant, almost as common as the Cheriy Laurel ii?

THE GABDENERS' CHIWNICLE.

[Decemdek 3, 1887.

many English gardens ; it flowers here in November,
and ripens its pleasantly-tasted fruits in June. Pho-
tinia Lindleyana and 1\ serrulata thrive well, and
when in flower must be very fine. Melia Azedarach
was met with here again, as well as the beautiful
Sterculia platanifolia, first seen at Bordeaux. Very
large Spruces, 'Weymouth Pines, good Evergreen
Oaks, Scarlet Oaks, and one ot the largest Red
Cedars we have seen, were also noted.

The finest lot ot shrubs and trees, in a compara-
tively small space, we met with in the garden sur-
rounding the church of St. Martin. Here again the
species were arranged in groups. Near the principal
door of the church were two groups of three Trachy-
carpus Eortunei, the one planted in a clump of
variegated Pittosporura Tobira, the other in a mass
of silver-variegated Euonymus, which matched the
Pittosporum. Round the church were masses of
Nerium Oleander— the colours not mixed — Pistacia
Lentiscus, Clerodendron foetidum, Photinias, ever-
green Euonymus of sorts, Ligustrum lucidum tricolor
(in the neighbourhood of London, at any rate, this
barely keeps alive in the open air) ; Tecoma grandi-
flora, &c. A fine and effective edging to the shrubbery
was made up of a line of Zinnia elegans, and another
of Ageratum. The trees of most interest were
Kcelreuteria paniculata, in fine fruit ; Albizzia
Julibrissin, in flower ; the Judas tree, Sterculia
platanifolia, Magnolias, and the Kentucky Coffee
tree, Gymuocladiis canadensis.

LARt'NS AND EaUX BoNNES.

The Vallee d'Ossau is one of the most picturesque
of all the Pyrenean valleys, and on the mountains
surrounding it are hosts of beautiful plants. The
diligence ride from Laruns to Eaux Bonnes affords
an opportunity of noting a number of good things.
Malva alcea, a plant resembling, but more beautiful
than, our English M. moschata, is common in all the
meadows; and along the dripping rocks, by roadsides,
the Grass of Parnassus, Parnassia palustris, and the
yellow-flowered Saxifraga aizoides, were abundant,
as well as a Pinguicula, probably P. grandiflora.
Hypericum nummularifolium clothed damp vertical
rocks, and formed an exceedingly pretty object ; in
English rock gardens this latter is very rarely seen
in good condition, probably because it is not allowed
sufficient moisture. In comparatively dry spots in
the clefts of the rocks or in walls were large masses
of Asplenium trichomanes, A. lanceolatum. Poly-
podium Phegopteris, calcareum, and here and
there Cystopteris fragilis, and the Holly Fern,
Aspidium lonchitis. Prunuella grandiora was com-
mon, as also Cirsium monspessulanum, a hand-
some Thistle, 3 to 4 feet high, with small
purplish flower-heads and large leaves bordered with
long slender spiny teeth. The two other most
imposing Composites were the stately Carduus erio-
phorus, with its large woolly purple flower-heads ;
and Carlina acaulis, a plant rather difficult to handle,
and still more so to prepare as a herbarium specimen.
Dianthus monspessulanus, a pretty species with large
fringed flowers varying from white to pink, was abund-
ant, as were also Phyteuma spicatum and Erica
vagans. Nearly the whole of the I'oute to Eaux
Bonnes from Laruns was planted with trees mostly
exotic, American Maples, Oaks, &c., Sequoias and
other Conifers. In chinks of some perpendicular
rocks Cotoneaster microphylla was thriving high
above the road, and to those unacquainted with bota-
nical geography presented all the appearances of a
truly native plant.

LODKDES.

On the hill above the now famous Grotto were a
number of British plants, the common Ling, Erica
cinerea, E. vagans. Box, Juniper, &c., and a number
of crustaceous Saxifrages, which, not being in flower,
could not be named with certainty. Fine plants of
the Maidenhair Fern, Adiantum Capillus-veneris,
were growing out on the roofs of some of the numer-
ous caves — fortunately far too high for tourists to
eradicate. The large rosy-pink Dianthus seen at
Eaux Bonnes was common here, as was also a Vince-
toxicum, with its long horn-like seed-vessels. Helian-
themum fumaria. a pretty rock Rose, with cylindrical
leaves and yellow flowers, was abundant on the dry
expoeed rocky ground. In the valley Walnut trees
weri '.drgely planted along the roadsides and the
borders of the fifdd. Maize, which attained a con-

siderable height, was a common crop, and here and
there the large black spongy mass formed on its stems
by the fungus, Ustilago maydis, was conspicuous from
the roadside. N.

SAXE-GOTH.EA.

Although introduced so far back as 1849, by Mr.
William Lobb, from Southern Chili, to Messrs.

THE AVEEPING LAECH.

Foe breaking up the monotony of round-headed
trees or other formal groups, there are few better
trees than the Weeping Larch represented at fig.
132. Baron Ernouf, from whose work, lately noticed
by ns, our woodcut is taken, recommends it to be
associated with the Cedar of Lebanon ; and cer-
tainly the contrast between the light feathery Larch,
with its graceful branches and cheerful foliage, and
the massive and somewhat formal and dark-coloured
Cedar is sufliciently great. This Larch should be
allowed plenty of room wherein to expand, and
should not be placed in too close proximity to other
trees. This variety must not be confounded with tlie
pendulous American or black Larch, the habit of
which, as Messrs. Veitch tell us in their Manual,
is not satisfactory, owing to its straggling and irre-
gular habit of branching, and which has shorter leaves
and smaller cones. The timber of both kinds needs
no commendation. The pendulous Larch originated
as a seedling variety, and is usually grafted on the
common kind We do not know ,if the seedlings
reproduce the pendulous habit of the parent.

Fig. 1.30.— bba.n'ch of saxe-goth.ka : beeuceb.

^^eitch's establishment, this elegant tree is rarely
met with in our gardens, the reason being that it is
ill suited for the climate of the midland and
northern counties. In the south-west, the west
coast of Scotland, and many other localities, we
might expect to find it more frequently. How

FlO. 131.— lEAVES OF SAXE-GOTH,EA : REAL SIZE

Plant N tes

finely it grows in the neighbourhood of Dublin is
shown by some fine branches obligingly sent us by a
correspondent. The habit is like that of a Yew, but
the branches are more pendulous and looser than in
most Yews. The foliage also is like th.it of the
Yew. We have never seen the flowers produced in
this country, but it must be of great interest as
having the male flowers of a Podocarp, the female
flowers of a Dammara, the fruit of a Juniper, the
seed of a Dacrydium, and the general aspect of a
Yew, (See figs. LW, 1.31.)

DOUGLASIA LAEVIGATA.

A KEw species of a little known genus, recently
introduced through Dr. Gray, and at present flower-
ing in the Royal Gardens, Kew. Dr. Lindley, the
founder of the genus, says, in reference to D. nivalis,
" it was discovered by the traveller wliose name it
bears blossoming while covered with snow on the
Rocky Mountains of America." This description is
fully borne out by its flowering just now, a habit
which appears quite natural to this charming little
plant. It belongs to the Primrose family, forming
little dense tufts, or masses, of short, thick, oblong,
lanceolate leaves, glabrous, or sometimes with a few
branched hairs. The flowers are borne in groups of
2 — .5 on raised pedunculate umbels, about the size of
Primula floribunda, and of a pretty soft rose colour.
The present species was found on the mountains of
Oregon by Howel, Mrs. Barrett, and others, and it is
almost certain to prove quite hardy in our gardens ;
if so, it will certainly be a charming addition to our
not over-plentiful list of tufty alpines. It is a fast
grower and an abundant flowerer. The other species
of this interesting genus are D. nivalis, with its variety
dentata, montana, and arctica, none of which, so far
as we know, are at present in cultivation in our
gardens. D. nivalis, Lindley, is figured in the
Botanical Register, t. 1886, and has purple flowers.
A figure of D. laivigata. Gray, will shortly appear in
the Botanical Magazine.

iETHIONEMA COEIDIFOEI0M.

This is the name of a pretty Crucifer well known
in gardens, and another plant very near to it is also
widely distributed under the name of Iberis jucunda.
In Boissier's Flora Orientalis, vol. i., p. 347, JR- cori-
difolium, DC, is given as the proper name, and
Iberis jucunda, Schott and Kotschy, as a synonym.
Lately we have received plants under both names
from Mr. W. Thompson, of Ipswich ; and so far,
with, of course, only leaves to judge from, they are
certainly diff'erent. This difference, however, could
easily arise from seed variation, and this may pro-
bably be the true explanation.

The Rose of Shabon.
A proper understanding about what is really the
true Rose of Sharon appears to be as difficult to arrive
at now as it was twenty years ago. We had occasion, a
short time ago, to examine some Christmas cards in
which Crocus vernus, well drawn and truly coloured,
is given as the true Rose of Sharon, and again in that
useful book Popular Flotoers, this name is given to
Hypericum calycinum. In Mr. John Smith's Bible
Plants Narcissus Tazetta claims the title, and

December ;3, 1887.]

THE GABBK NEBS' GHBONICLE.

685

this is doubtless nearest the truth, though a Crocus
might have an almost equal claim.

RUBUS ARCTICUS.

This plant, when in good fruit, makes one of the
prettiest pictures we have ever seen ; and though
difficult to establish (such, at least, is our expe-
rience), it repays all trouble when at last thoroughly
at home. After ti-yiug it in various positions with
only partial success, a well established pot plant was
put in a bed fully occupied with Rubus chamiemorus.
and now, after only two years, the latter is nearlv, if
not quite crowded out, and so rapidly does R. arcticus
spread, that it has already got quite beyond the

fectly ripe, and if sown as soon as gathered, germi-
nate almost immediately. I am afraid, if kept any
length of time, they would not germinate. S.

Agave Utahensis.
This very pretty and distinct plant is very in-
teresting on account of its hardy nature and very
dwarf habit, taking but little room to accom-
modate, it being only a few inches diameter. It is
quite distinct from any other Agave that I know, it is
of a glaucous colour, tliick leaves, and strong spines
for a small plant. I have grown it for some years
now, in a cold pit, on a shelf, summer and winter,
within a few inches of the glass. It grows and

such is the case sometimes with a plant, but as a
rule I myself am pretty successful with most of them.
J. S. C.

^^w

-! *^-^' ._ ^

J-'

T\''

Fig. 132. — rnE pexdulocs larch, (see p. (584.)

limits of the bed, and it will soon annihilate other low
growing plants near at hand. The bed is on a level
with the gravel path, with a north-east exposure,
and receives plenty of moisture at all seasons.

Polygonum affine.
The past season has suited this plant admirably, not
only as regards flovrering, but also as to its beautifully
tinted leaves in autumn. Always a free-flowerer. it
lias quite surpassed itself this summer, the spikes
literally touching each other. P. sphwrostachyuni,
lately introduced from the Himalayas, surpasses all
the others, with its bright crimson flowers. It
appears a very slow grower, but as it ripens seed
freely it may be readily increased in this way. The
seeds, however, seem to drop before tliey are per-

flonrishes there as well as others in greenhouses with
iire-heat during winter ; and to show that it is
healthy, I have taken two young ones from it, and it
has now six or seven offsets, and one of the former is
nearly as large as its parent. It is taken but little
care of, for some times the lights are left open in
winter, when forgotten, but as a rule they are shut
at night, and in very severe weather get a mat or
two thrown over them, but very frequently nothing
at all. There are growing with them. Yuccas,
Opuntias, Echinocereus, and Echinopsis, with Sem-
pervivums, and the latter flower just as well as those
grown in heated quarters ; and in many cases better.
I saw some time since a correspondent in your columns
said he had some difficulty in growing this Agave,
and I think, if I mistake not, failed with it altogether ;

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

PLEIONES.

None of the cooler Orchids produce a prettier
show of flowers in October and November than do
Pleionea, and none, if they are treated properly,
flower with greater profusion. The absence of
foliage at the time of flowering, which is common to
all true Pleiones except one, is their only defect, and
even this can be overcome by associating them at
that period witli Ferns or similar foliage plants. It
is this deciduous habit, together with the flask-
shaped pseudobulbs, that chiefly distinguishes them
from Ca'logyne, of which genus they now form
a section. Their cultivation is very easy, and
failure with them is invariably due to want of
attention to a few essential matters. Of these,
perhaps the one to which it is important to pay
jjarticular attention is the time for repotting. The
flowers are produced from small scaly buds at the
base of the pseudobulbs, and as these buds begin
to root immediately after the flowers have faded, it
is then that potting should be done. For the sjiecies
lagenaria. Wallichiana (priccox), and maculata, which
are now in flower, it should not be later than the
flrst week in December. If neglected until the new
roots have attained any length it is impossible to
repot the plants without injury. It is sometimes
stated that Pleiones do not require repotting oftener
than every other year, but after having tried both
methods I strongly recommend it to be done every
year.

With regard to the soil — we have found that the
most suitable is a compost of about two parts peat
to one of loam, with an addition of chopped moss
and a little sand. As the roots refuse to enter soil
which is close and heavy, it is important that most of
the flue particles be shaken from both peat and loam :
care should also be taken to fix the preudobulbs
firmly in the soil, which can be more readily done by
\vi-apping a little sphagnum round the old roots,
after having shaken the soil from them, and so
making an artificial ball. They are best g/own
in well-drained pans about 5 inches in depth.
From the time the young leaves show themselves,
which will not be until February or March, the plants
should remain in the Cattleya-house, and at this
time must be watered as carefully as Calanthes.
During the summer they may stay in the cool-house
and water may be given in almost unlimited quan-
tities, manure-water being applied two or three
times a week, while fish manure, if used in modera-
tion, is also a valuable stimulant. They enjoy a
constant supply of air, and succeed best close to the
glass. Although Pleiones are described as bearing
solitary flowers the majority of our plants, treated as
above, are carrying twin-flowered scapes, and some of
the pseudobulbs are 6 inches in circumference.
W. B.

L-ELIA AtrrUSINALTS ATRO-RUBENS.

The above handsome La^lia is now in bloom, and
is much admired for its beautiful colouring ; but on
approaching near, its perfume is so offensive that
one cannot have more than one plant even in a good-
sized house. 0. T. C.

Cypripedium Spiceriandm.
Specimens no^v in flower at Woolton Wood are
well worth inspection. Jlr. Gaskell informs me that
his collection of Cypripediums was very extensive
long before the genus became so popular as it is now,
and he has kept adding from time to time the best of
the new species and hybrids. C. Spicerianum still
remains in many respects as unrivalled as when a
single lead of it cost ten guineas. Although more
plentiful now it is as much admired, though several
plants can be purchased for the same cost as was
paid for one when first introduced.

686

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[Decembeb S, 1887.

At the present time the plants in flower at Woolton
Wood form a remarkable group. Nearly 150 flowers
are fully expanded, with many more in various stages
of growth, and such flowers for size and colour I —
many of them twin flowers oa tall stems. While
all are good there are some so distinct as to merit
special names being given them. The plants are
grown in small pots in the Phalrenopsis-house, and
have fi-om six to twelve flowers on each. The
small pots, which are the rule here for Orchids, are
looked upon as part of the material for the rooting
of the plants quite as much as the peat fibre and
sphagnum ; when the foliage almost hides the pots
the roots take a firm hold of the outside, and the
whole becomes one compact mass.

There are here a number of seedlings from the
best varieties of Cypripedia and other Orchids, some
showing flower ; and one day we shall be surprised
by an interesting, if not startling, novelty, to add
still more variety to collections. B. T.

MvsT.iciDirM riLiconSE.

This minute Orchid, a native of the Cape, has
only recently been introduced as a garden plant
although it has been kuowa to botanists for many
years. The genus is closely related to Angrajcum,
and includes about twenty species ; it is distinguished
by having the pollen masses affixed to thread-like
stalks [(stipites) — a character distinctly marked in
this species. M. filicorue has flowered in several
collections during the present year, and may now be
seen in that condition at Kew. The flowers are
wholly white, and measure a little over an inch
across, the sepals and petals being lanceolate, and
the labellum developing a slender spur, upwards of
2 inches in length. The short spike bears nine
flowers, but more would probably be produced in
fully established plants. The flowers are arranged
as in the small Angrajcums, being set in two rows
with all the spurs pointing downwards. This species
may be grown on blocks or in baskets of sphagnum,
and requires an intermediate temperature. A figure
of it was given in the present volume of the Gar'
doners' Chronicle, at p. 135. W. B.

Roses.

POT HOSES.

Tea Roses in pots indoors must be kept steadily
moving ; applications of weak manure-water, of the
same temperature as that of the house, should be
given at every watering. The temperature of the
house should range from 50° at night to 65° by day,
with sun-heat. The plants will be found to be greatly
benefited by a gentle dewing overhead morning and
afternoon, and the air should be kept in a genial moist
state. Cold outside air must be admitted with cau-
tion, or the youngtender foliage will sufi'er, and should
never be admitted by the side ventilators, but should
be att'orded either by overhead ventilation, or by those
on the side opposite to that from which the wind is
blowing. Fumigate with tobacco on the first appear-
ance of greenfly, but be sure that the foliage is quite
dry at the time, and the temperature'rather below than
above the mark. The thanatophore is the safest fumi-
gator, as the operation can be carried out whatever
state the plants may be in. Should mildew appear,
moisten the foliage very lightly, and dust with flowers
of sulphur.

A pit should be prepared with leaves to secure a
gentle bottom-heat of 75° to 80° for starting hybrid
perpetuals if flowers are wanted in February. Tlie
plants in pots with ripest wood should be selected for
this purpose ; these sliould be pruned, and the drain-
age examined. Should worms be found in the soil,
an application of lime or soot water will speedily
oust them. Kemove with a pointed stick all the
inert soil on the top of the ball, and top-dress with
good fibrous loam two ]>arts, wood ashes and leaf-
mould, free of decaying wood, one part ; to this add
an 8-inch potful of Thomson's Vine and plant
manure to each bsrrowload. Make the soil pretty

firm ; the pots may then be plunged to the rims in
the leaf-bed, dew over the foliage twice a day in
bright weather, using tepid water, and do not saturate
the soil and plunging material. Roses purchased now
and potted, pruned, and tested for a few weeks, will
yield a fair amount of flower when treated as above
described.

Cool Rose-house.
Roses planted out in this house should now be
pruned, the glass and woodwork washed, and a coat
of paint given to the latter. The Rose trees should
be painted with a mixture of soft-soap, tobacco-water,
and flowers of sulphur, adding a little clay to cause it
to adhere to the bark. This should be applied care-
fully with a soft brush, the surface soil should then
be moved down to the roots with a hand fork, and be
replaced with a compost similar to that recom-
mended for the pot Roses, following with a thorough
watering of tepid water. The ventilators sliould be
closed, and a little fire-heat applied to prevent the
temperature falling below 45° during cold weather.

Ro.ses Oct-of-doors.
These should now receive a good dressing of
manure over their roots, this may be slightly forked
in, removing all suckers as the work proceeds. Some
sort of protection is necessary for the more tender
sorts of Roses especially the Teas, whether as stand-
ards or dwarfs ; a hay band or some dry Fern, twisted
round at the union of stock and bud, will keep all safe,
while a few twigs of Spruce branches, point upwards,
may be tied to the stems. In the case of dwarfs, a
few handfuls of dry leaves placed round the stems,
and a few Spruce twigs stuck around to prevent these
blowing about, with a few broken fronds scattered
over the heads, will eft'ectually secure them against
injury from frost. Be careful not to make the cover-
ing too dense, else the buds are liable to start into
growth during mild weather. Some similar protec-
tion should be given to Marechal Niel and other
climbing Teas on walls. As the wood is not well
ripened this year, owing to the dry summer prevent-
ing the plant making growth at the right season, and
the moisture and heat of autumn causing the plants
to start into growth too late, the formation of
new Rose buds and the renewal of old ones should
now be undertaken, choosing favourable weather for
the work. Where drainage is not good, the surface
of the beds ought to be made a foot or even a little
more above that of the surrounding surface. Give
plenty of rich manure, and fresh loam should be
artbrded to the plants when the ordinary soil is of a
poor nature. ]ym. M. BailUe, Luton Hoo.

The Bulb Garden.

NARCISSUS VIRIDIFLOHUS.
Bdlbs of this most interesting curiosity, planted in
the open air at Kew in 1885, are now (November 19)
in full flower; the latter expression, however, does
not convey much to any one not knowing the plant,
for they are so near the colour of the stems and
leaves, that were it not for the withered spathe, and
the drooping habit of the flower, they might easily
be passed over. The individual flowers are very
small, the segments narrow and pointed, and the
light green cup, or corona, just visible beyond the
tube. As a general rule, I think, when this bulb
flowers no leaves are produced until afterwards, but
in the present instance one of the stronger bulbs has
already thrown up two leaves besides a flowering-
stem, the former, so far, being twice the length of
the latter. The bulbs receive no protection what-
ever, unless from rains in summer and autumn, and
now only in severe weather, to guard against the
flowers being injured.

COLCHICUM SP.

There is a bulb known in the trade at present under
the name of Merendera sobolifora, but now it has
flowered clearly proves a Colchicum, though its true
place cannot be ascertained until leaves are pro-

duced. It begins to flower after all the other Col-
chicums are over, and it will be useful in the rockery
in continuing the flowering season over a longer
period. The flower is of good substance, and not
readily injured unless with pretty severe frosts. In
Merendera the segments are free to the bottom, and
there is no tube ; but in the present plant the tube
rises 2 or 3 inches above the ground, as in true Col-
chicums. The flowers are lilac-purple, not tessel-
lated, segments f inch broad, \\ — ii inches long,
linear, lanceolate, styles white, fllaments white,
anthers orange-yellow. The most curious thing
about it is the bulb, which exactly resembles a Meren-
dera, not like the ordinary Colchicum at all.
Another handsome little Colchicum for the cool-
house or frame is C. Troodii. Its flowers are small,
not much bigger than C. luteum, but pure white,
going off lilac or rose. A long succession of flowers
is produced from one bulb, continuing a month or
six weeks. It is a native of the island of Cyprus. D.

Forestry.

Avenue Trees. — An evil very prevalent in the
formation of avenues is the planting of trees of too
formal a habit of growth. For instance, what can
be more objectionable, wliat more devoid of good
taste, than an avenue planted from one end to the
other with specimen Araucarias. And yet nine out of
every ten that one comes across is formed in this
way. Tlie Araucaria is a remarkable tree, and one
that is of gi'eat value when properly used, but to
plant both sides of a drive, at equal distances apart,
with it, and in single line, is a growing practice that
cannot be too strongly condemned. What we want
for bordering an avenue is a judicious mixture of
ornamental trees, on whicli the eye can rest with
pleasure, and without becoming tired — not a mono-
tonous repetition of stiff and formal -looking speci-
mens, be these ever so fine and healthy. More-
over, the Araucaria is not just the tree for roadside
planting unless in certain localities, for not only does
it suffer from severe frosts, but it frequently loses its
lower branches, either of which mar its beauty for
filling the important position at present under
consideration. TJie Wellingtonia and Lebanon or
Deodar Cedars are far preferable for using as avenue
trees to the Araucaria, these being thoroughly hardy,
of the easiest and freest growth, and not at all liable
to get deprived of their lower blanches. Then,
again, it often happens that in planting, the trees are
placed too close to the margin of the road, thus
causing in after years the necessity of lopping off and
cutting back the lower branches, which completely
spoil the effect at first intended to be produced.

The Wellingtonia should be planted at least 80
feet back from the margin of the road, and the
Cedars at about the same, although the Indian form
(C. Deodara) may, without fear of harm, be placed
at from 50 to 60 feet; this will allow of a grass
border of iiTegular width between the trees and the
road, and also between the individual specimens,
which should be placed at irregular intervals of from
60 to 100 feet apart. PiceaMorinda and P. orientalis
associate well with the trees just named.

Evergreen Screens. — Very often indeed is the
forester called upon to screen or shut out from view
an untidy-looking building or other object that tends
to mar the prospect. Several trees and shrubs have
been recommended as being suitable for this purpose,
but amongst those usually employed none can sur-
pass, and few equal, the Spruce Fir as an evergreen,
or the Pojilar as a deciduous tree. When well
attended to the Spruce forms perhaps the best shelter
or screen-fence that can be imagined, and as it is of
free and rapid growth, perfectly hardy, and capable
of withstanding the worst blasts to which we are
subjected, by no means fastidious about soil, and
moderately cheap to purchase, it offers induce-
ments for planters of screen-fences to place first
on their list so desirable and valuable a tree. Not
long ago we had the pleasure of examining several
screen-fences made of the Spruce Fir, these being
about 20 feet in height and nearly 2 yards in thick-
ness, and which were, from the common-sense way
in which they had been treated, perfect in G\GTy
lespect, being compact walls of the freshest of
foliage.

In forming such fences the best plan is to plant
the trees doubly thick at first, those of 4 or 5 feet
in height being placed so that their outer branches

December 3, 1887.1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

687

just touch each other and no more; and in a few
years, when they have become fairly established and
started freely into growth, every alternate one may
be removed. No pruning of the leading shoots
sho uld take place until the fence is nearly of the
height desired, although straggling and far extending
side branches may be cut back in early spring, or
just previous to the season's growth commencing.
So formed and managed, a fence will be a treat to
behold, a shelter from the worst winds to which we
are subjected, and a screen to shut out any unsightly
object from view. The Yew and Holly, likewise,
make excellent screen-fences, but the former can
never be used in places to which fiiiin stock have
access, while both are of comparatively slow growth,
and rather expensive to purchase, even at the smallest
cost at which we have seen them offered. Poplar
as a screen-fence plant is excellent, but, being de-
ciduous, is somewhat objectionable. A, D. Webster,

Plants and Their Culture.

Gardenias. — These are invaluable to cut from,
and they are accommodating, inasmuch as their
flowering season can be considerably advanced or
retarded with ease. They winter satisfactorily in a
night temperature of 55° or 60°, with 5° more in
the daytime, and during that period moisture should
be used in moderation both in the atmosphere and
at the roots, and the plants should be thoroughly
freed from insects. The date at which to increase
the heat in order to hasten the time of flowering
must be regulated by requirements, but when early
blooms are desired no time should now be lost in
attending to this matter. A warmth at night of about
65° with the usual rise by day, and an increase of
moisture will soon cause the buds to commence
swelling, when the temperature may be safely raised
5° more. The plants should have a light position
near the glass, over a warm bed of leaves, if it can
be obtained, and be stimulated with liquid manure.
Clay's, or some similar fertiliser; while those planted
out iu beds will be benefited by a mulching of fresh
horse-droppings mixed with soot, which should be
replenished occasionally. G. florida intermedia is
the best variety to grow for cutting, and amongst
others, G. Stanleyiana, a single-flowered species,
deserves to find a place in every collection of flower-
ing stove plants. In appearance its blossoms some-
what resemble those of Nicotiana affinis.

Toxicopfdaa spectabihs. — Few winter flowering
plants are more deserving of culture than this. It
is not difiicult to manage, is very floriferous, and its
clusters of delicately scented, white flowers are pro-
duced freely during December, and January upon
plants subjected to ordinary stove treatment. It
flowers freely even in a young state, and these small
plants are desirable for decorative purposes. There
appears to be a spurious variety, a fact which intend-
ing purchasers should bear in mind.

Epiphyllum truncafum. — These graceful and showy
plants are seen to great advantage when they are
grown in, or their pots are plunged in suspended
baskets, and under any condition they are splendid
subjects for the conservatory. Standards worked
upon the Pereskia stock are also very effective when
arranged upon side stages, and over hanging dwarf
Ferns, or similar plants. Although a night tempera-
ture in the winter of about 50° suits them, their time
of flowering may be advanced, without injury to the
plants, by affording them stove-heat. After they
have attained a good size they will keep in good
condition for years without being repotted, provided
the drainage is perfect and they are not over-
watered. Much water is fatal to their well-doing,
particularly when supplied during winter, when they
are in a low temperature. T. Coomber, Hcndre Gardens.

The Flower Garden.

Annuals and Semi-hardt Plants. — Late-sown
annuals which are intended to stand out-of-doors all
winter to flower early should be thinned out, to keep
them stocky, and they will winter much better than
if allowed to remain in close masses. Some protec-
tion should be given to them in very severe weather;
Spruce or other boughs thinly stuck in a slanting
position through the beds answer the purpose well.
Fuchsias should also receive some protection in the
shape of dry leaves, long litter, or coal-ashes placed
round the collars of the plants ; a spadeful or two of

cocoa-nut fibre, old tan, or ashes should also be placed
round the rootstock of Hollyhocks.

Bcddhig-oid Stock. — This must now receive careful
attention, especially when it is stored in cold pits;
and in case of severe frost protection from mats, and
straw or bracken must be placed over the sashes. If
frost does then penetrate the pits, be careful not to
remove the coverings until such time as the plants
are thawed naturally. During bright fresh weather
freely expose the plants to the air by wholly removing
the sashes during the day ; carefully examine them,
and remove all decaying foliage, and only give water
where it is really required, doing this as early in the
morning as possible, iu order that the drippings from
the pots may be dried up before closing the sashes.
Where the stock is preserved in pits and houses pro-
vided with heating apparatus, the ventilators should
be thrown open on fine days and a little artificial
heat turned on after watering; keep the bulk of the
plants ou the dry side, especialy the more succulent
])lants. IF', il/. Baillie, Luton Hoo GanJcns.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

FnuiTs FOR Orchards. — Amongst Apples that
can be grown as standard trees, and that can gene-
rally be depended upon as certain bearers in most
seasons, may be mentioned Keswick Oodlin, Lord
Suffield, Ecklinville Seedling, Nelson's Glor}', Haw-
thornden, Stirling Castle, Worcester Pearmain,
Blenheim Orange, Cats-head, Yorkshire Greening,
Northern Greening, Devonshire Quarrenden, Kerry
Pippin, King of the Pippins. Golden Pippin ; and
many other varieties could be added, according to
the locality, and climate. Crabs are also very useful
as ornamental fruits, and for making jellies — the
trees can be grown as standards. Medlars and Mul-
berries should be accorded warm positions in the
orchard. Quinces are useful in many ways, the
Pear-shaped and Portugal being the best varieties.

Nuts and Filberts may also be grown in the
orchard under the partial shade of the fruit trees.

Of Pears there are but few varieties suitable for
this purpose— the old Aston Town, Hazel, Autumn
Bergamot, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Seckle, Swan's
Egg, Bon Chrdtien, Fondante dAutomne, Knight's
Monarch, andCatillac, can all be grown as standards,
with a certainty of obtaining a fair crop of fruit in
most seasons.

Tliere are many varieties of Plums suitable for
orchards, the most generally useful being Green
Gage, Jefferson's, Orleans, Pershore, Victoria, Mag-
num Bonum, and Winesour.

Damsons are amongst the most useful of our
culinary fruits, and of which a good number of trees
should be grown, as there is generally a large demand
for the fruit. Tlie best are Prune, or Shropshire,
Farleigh Prolific, and Crittenden Prolific. In
orchards where the soil consists of a deep holding
loam, holes for the trees should be dug out to the
depth of 2 feet, and 6 feet in diameter, a good layer
of concrete being put in at the bottom before plant-
ing the trees, to prevent the main roots going into
the subsoil — by that means ensuring fruitfulness.
K. Ward, Hcweli, Bronisgrove.

Fruits Under Glass.

Pines. — Plants which are swelling their fruits
should have a minimum temperature of 70°, with 15°
or 20° with sun-heat at closing time (about 1 o'clock
in the afternoon), when the walls and plunging
materials should be slightly damped, using water of
the same temperature as that of the house. Do not
let any water get into the crowns, as that would cause
them to become unduly large. When necessary give
tepid liquid-manure sufticient to moisten the whole
ball of earth. In order to keep the fruits swelling
steadily until the ripening stage is attained a
bottom-heat from 85° to 95° should be maintained.
Keep the evaparating troughs on the pipes filled
with guano-water. Where there is any difficulty
experienced in keeping up the night temperature it
will be advisable to cover the house with mats.

Succession Plants. — Plants in every stage of gro\vth
should be still kept rather dry, but plants of Smooth-
leaved Cayenne require more moisture than do other
varieties, and should be kept moderately moist. The
night temperpture should range from 60° to 55°,
according to the weather ; 5° higher by day with
fire-heat, admitting a little fresh air wheu the ther'

raometer registers Qb°, and afterwards regulating
the ventilators according to the rise and fall of the
outside temperature, giving abundance of air after .
the thermometer has reached 75° on bright days.
Where the old-fashioned pigeon-hole Pine-pits are
still in use the bottom-heat should not be much
under 80''. The heat must be maintained both at
top and bottom by adding fresh materials to the
linings, and thus, in the absence of severe frost, no
recourse need be had to the hot-water apparatus.
The above temperatures should be sustained until
the beginning of the new year, then the night tem-
perature should range from 65° to 70° and 75° by
day with fire- heat, rising to 80° by sun-heat,
putting a little air on when the temperature rises
above this point; bottom-heat at 90°, and to induce
fruit-forming giving water (at a temperature of 90°)
sufticient to thoroughly moisten the soil. H. W.
Ward, Lonr/ford Castle, SalUbun/.

The Kitchen Garden.

Cauliflower and Cabbage. — Seedlings which
were pricked out into frames, &c., to stand the
winter, must be well ventilated and exposed to the
weather on every available opportunity, to prevent
luxuriance, the aim in view being to secure sturdy,
hardy plants and not weakly drawn-up ones. As a
precaution, however, against failure, it is advisable to
pot up plants from the latest sowings of autumn
Cauliflower into 3-inch pots and place these in a
cold, close frame until rooted, afterwards giving a like
treatment as that afforded the above. These plants in
early spring and before they become pot-bound, can be
repotted very firmly into larger ones, using a mixture
of good stiff loam and well rotted manure in equal
proportions. Treated in this manner strong plants,
for early planting can be obtained tliat may be relied
on. Where a limited number only are required, this is
a method of securing Cauliflower plants for spring
planting to be recommended.

Cabbage plants from the seed beds also should be
pricked out on to other beds during favourable
weather, thereby giving them a beneficial check, and
the opportunity to become sturdy. Those planted
out on permanent quarters should be hoed and
earthed-up as they advance in growth, and all
withered leaves removed. Dustings of fresh slacked
lime will also be needful to keep slugs in check.

Salading. — Useable Lettuce and Endive in frames,
will require constant attention to prevent decay. Air
should be given liberally, but excluding rain, and
keeping the plants moderately dry at the roots. Cos
Lettuces should have a strip of matting passed round
them a week or ten days before they are required for
use. Endive to be thoroughly white, tender, and
free from bitterness, should be allowed quite three
weeks for bleaching, and before being covered or tied
up must be as dry as possible, otherwise they are
liable to rot during blanching. Frames that are
cleared of their occupants maybe refilled with plants
from outside, or the thinnings from store frames.

Chicory. — This must also be thoroughly bleached,
which is best done in a dark corner of the Mush-
room-house or similar place, where the benefit of a
gentle heat can be obtained. Roots should be intro-
duced from time to time in sufficient quantities to
meet the demand.

Mustard and Cress at this season is best sown in
small shallow boxes, using light soil made firm ; the
seed after being sown should be kept moist, and
shaded until it germinates.

Radishes. — Late sown ones outside, and in cold
frames, should still be available for salads. For
early ones, seed can be sown in a gentle hotbed on
from 6 to 8 inches of fine light soil, the seeds lightly
covered, and little if any air admitted until they
germinate.

The Frame Ground: Potatos. — When the tubers
which are to be used as sets have made shoots from
3 to 4 inches long, they should be planted either on a
moderate hotbed or in 10 or 12-inch pots, using
liglit, rich soil, and planting them deep enough to
allow of soil being added later on ; very little water
will be needed for some time, and should always be
used sparingly during the first stages of growth.

Carrots. — For an early supply of these roots a hot-
bed should be prepared from stable litter and leaves,
which should be allowed to settle down before soil-
ing and sowing ; moderately rich fine sandy soil, from
8 to 9 inches in depth, wiU'be suitable, which, being
made firm, the seeds may be sown thereon in shallow
drills, or broadcast, John Austen, Witley Court,

688

THE GAUDENEHS' CHJWNICLE.

[Dkcembeb 3, 1887,

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'T'JII! GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETINGS.

WFDNFSDAY Drr 7 ,' Nutionnl Chrysnnthemnm Society
Wi'.U-NbSUAl, IJF.C. 1-^ Floral Committee.

gi National Eose Society: Anniin
\ General Meeting.

THURSDAY.

SALES.

! Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &Morris'
N-iiise"'- Stock, at Mr. Noble's
I Nursery, Bagshot, by Mr. Stevens
\, (three 'days).

/Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs. Border
I Plants, Dutch Bulbs. &c., at
I Stevens' Rooms.
15,000 Lilium auratum, .3n,nOii
WEDNESDAY, Dec. 7 , Tuberoses, and other Bulbs, at
Protheroe & Morris' P.ooms.
[Clearance Sale of iVl.oiin Dwarf
Roses .It Enfield Lock, bv Messrs.
Protheroe & Morris.

THUKSDAY, Dfx. S < at Stevens' Rooms.

( Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
^ Rooms.

r-DTTi.v T^T-^ Q» Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &

FRIDAl, DEC. 9-j Morris' Rooms.

i Roses, Fruit Trees, Border Plants,
Dutch Bulbs, &c., at Stevens
Rooms.
i Dutch Bulbs, at Proth eroe & Morris
' Rooms.

A great change has of late year.i
The Study of come over the subject of botanical
^'^^Mogjr'''" teaching in thi.s country. Up till
recently much stress was laid upon
the investigation of the outward conformation of
flowering plants especi.illy, and upon their orderly
classification according to the natural .sy.stem.
Minute anatomy, such as requires the aid of the
compound microscope, and of chemical reagents,
was less attended to, while vegetable physiology
or the investigation of the mode of action of living
plants was almost entirely neglected. The lower
orders of plants, so called, were little studied — so
little, indeed, that even a Bf.ekf.i.ey thought it
requisite to state in his celebrated Introduction to
Cryptogamic Botany, that the student of crypto-
gams need not blush for the subject of his choice !

Of late years, chiefly owing to the introduction of
Cierman methods of tuition, and to the mode of
instruction by means of specimens selected as
types of each principal group, matters have
greatly altered. The system of instruction from
type specimens was introduced into this country
by IIuxLEY and Rolleston in the case of
animals, and adopted by Dyer in the case of
plants. The plan, in general terms, consists in
the lecturer detailing to his audience the salient
features of each group, illustrating them by
diagrams or black-board illustrations, and then
pLtcing in the hands of the pupils specimens
of the plants in order th.at they may for
themselves work out the details sketched in
outline by the lecturer. The pupil, according
to this method, is compelled, not only to use his
ears and attend to what the lecturer or the text-
book may tell him, but also to prove its correct-
ness by his own Individual exertions. The
efforts of the student in following out this plan,
and especially the necessity incumbent upon him
of making drawings of what he sees, are .specially
valuable as discipline ; and for those who wish to
gain a general idea of the whole subject no
better plan can be conceived. For the acquisi-
tion of special knowledge, howex'er, there is
nothing to equal the preparation, under the
master's eye, of a comparative monograph of a
single group. It is a question whether the
pupils of the present day, though better trained
as general biologists, are as likely to turn out
such good botanists and naturalists as were their
predecessors, for once out of sight of their " type "
they are more at sea than were their predecessors,
who learnt their grammar .systematically.

Vegetable physiology proper — a subject of pro-
found importance to the cultivator — still lags in
arrear in this country. AVe have had our (srew,
our Hales, our Egbert Biiowx, our Thcjmas
Andrew Knight; but since the time of the
latter — if we except Darwin, who is exceptional
in all ways — we have had few men who could
claim to occupy a foremost rank as vegetable
physiologists. The fact is, that vegetable phy-
siology, apart from 'the investigation of the mi-
croscopic .structure of plants has become chiefly
a matter for students of physics and of chem-
istry, and students of these sciences have pre-
ferred to study the abstract sciences in their
laboratories rather than follow up their applica-
tions in the living plant. Chemists, indeed, have
told us a good deal concerning the chemical
constitution of dead plants. They cremate them
and then study their ashes — an odd method, it
would seem, of studying the life-action of plants.
Combined, however, with practical observations
and well devised experiments in the laboratory
and in the field or garden, such a method renders
invaluable assistance. A\'e e.trncstly hope, there-
fore, that the younger school of botanists now
coming forward will see the great need
there of their services, ami actively take
upon themselves the task of unravelling
the problems of plant life. As a precious aid
in this direction we may call attention
to Professor Marshall Ward's lately pub-
lished translation of Sachs' Lectures on the
Physiology of Plants." Those who are familiar
with the E.vperimental Physiology of the cele-
brated Cierman author and with his Lectures,
as here translated, will know how greatly
superior those works are in grasp and lucidity
to his Te.rtbook, and hence students will
feel specially grateful to Professor AVard

* Lectures on the Pht/siology of Plants. By Jl'LIL'S von
Sachs, ti-anslated by H. Marshall Ward, Professor of
Botany in the Forestry School, R.I.E. College, Cooper's Hill.
Oxford : Clarendon Press.

for this translation of the I'orlesungen, and for
the admirable way in which he has accom-
plished it.

The first part of the work is morphological,
being devoted to the structure and conformation
of the various organs of plants of all categories,
high or low. The second part is devoted to the
conditions of plant-life, such as light, tempera-
ture, &c. ; while the nutrition of plants is ad-
mirably treated of in a series of chapters in the
form of lectures constituting the third part.
Growth occupies a fourth part ; irritability or
sensation is discussed in the fifth ; while the sub-
ject of reproduction, whether by simple buds or
by the reciprocal action of two elements, is
treated of in the sixth part. A good index ter-
minates the work. The typography is good and the
illustrations adequate for their purpose. It would
have been a boon to the student had Professor
"Ward added head-lines to the principal para-
graphs, or broken up the long sentences, and still
longer paragraphs, into divisions and sections
less fatiguing to the reader.

It is impossible here to attempt anything like
a critical investigation of such a work. A few
points may, however, be alluded to. Sachs, like
his predecessor, Schleidex, is not free from the
\ice of sneering at those who look upon matters
from a different point of view from his own. To
what this leads may be illustrated by the un-
righteous joy that was felt in some quarters
when ScHLEiDEN, the unmerciful castigator
of others, was himself proved to be in the wrong
in a most important matter. Trnth is not served
by such aggressiveness on either side. From
this same point of view a protest of Sachs
against neologisms comes with singularly bad
grace.

How different are the experiences of different
people may be illustrated by a statement made
at p. 3.i0 of the present volume, where the author,
alluding to the periodicity of growth, says he has
often attempted to induce Onion bulbs and
Potato tubers to sprout in the winter (November
to .Tanuary). They certainly sprout more freely
in spring, but Professor .Sachs must have got
hold of some curious varieties, or have treated
them very unphysiologically, if he could not suc-
ceed in getting them to sprout in winter. Some
tubers dug in autumn, and placed on a mantel-
piece, are before us as we write, and are sprouting
vigorously ! At p. 60.-<, Sachs says " that Dar-
win held that all the movements of irritability
in the vegetable kingdom depend upon circumnu-
tation." "SA'e do not consider th.at this is a fair
rendering of Darwin's meaning. Darwin says
that certain " important classes of movement all
arise from modified circumnutation " — an awkward
expression, perhaps, but one which we take to
mean, that the several movements mentioned are
modifications and variants of those which are
comprised under the term circiunnutation.

The researches of the last few years have
greatly cleared and consolidated our views of
the relations of structure and function, and have
rendered the lineage and descent of plants more
intelligible than before, and these matters are
clearly set forth in these pages. Anthers and
pollen are now unmistakably shown to be homo-
logous or typically identical with spore-cases and
microspores respectively , whilst the embryo sac and
its contents are as clearly spore-case and macro-
spore. The great gulf formerly thought to exist
between not only flowering plants and crypto-
gams, but also between male and female spores,
is thus bridged over, and the " sporangium," or
spore-ease, in its structure and mode of develop-
ment, is shown to be the same in essentials, whether
it show itself as pollen-case or an embryo sac

Drcembeh 3, 1887.]

THE GAUD ENE US' CHRONICLE.

689

Fig. 133. — nepenthes cubtisii, a new pitcher-plant fkom dokneo. (see p. OSl.)

690

THE GARDENEBR' CHBONIGLE.

[DECEjraEH 8, 1887.

or in spore-oases of varied size, shape, and office.
This is truly a most significant generalisation.

The subjects, however, treated of in this
volume are too vast and too varied to permit of
discussion here. It must suffice to say, that
though in its present form not adapted, or indeed
intended, for practical wae by the cultivator, it is
a book which no advanced student of physiology
can afford to dispense with — a book which every
reader, and still more every writer who has to
refer to this subject, must have close at hand.

^\'hat is wanted now is an elementary treatise
in which the leading facts important to culti-
vators shall, as far as possible, be made
clear. Details of simple experiments, such
as the student can perform for himself, or
in a well-equipped laljoratory, and suggestions
for experiments in water-culture and field
experiments, are greatly needed. The practical
handbooks of JiowEn and "S'ines in a different
department will illustrate our meaning. Will
not I'rofessor ^VAnD, who is so capable, supply
the want 'f

Royal Horticulturul Society. -A special

general meeting of the l-'cllows of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society will be hekl in the conservatory at

2 P.M. on Tuesday, December 13, to receive a report
from tlie Council, and to consider the statements and
proposals contained therein.

The Copley Medal.— This, tlie highest dis-
tinction British science has to offer, was awarded at
the anniversary meeting of tlie Royal Society on the
30th ult. to Sir Joseph Hooker, The President,
Professor Stokes, in presenting the Medal, alluded
to Sir Joseph's travels in the Antarctic regions, in
the Himalayas, in Palestine, Morocco, and North
America, He compared his results with those ob-
tained by HgjiBOLDT, adverted to his services in
bringing the labours and speculations of Darwin
before the scientific world, made mention of his
splendid work in Geographical Distribution, as illus-
trated by his essay on the Flora of Australia, his
monographs on Wehvitschia and Rhododendron, in
which horticulture is as much concerned as pure
science, his numerous " Floras," and his publication
with BENTH.iM of the standard Genera Plantaruni.
The feeling uppermost in the minds of naturalists
as to this award is not as to its appropriateness, but
one of surprise that it was not made before.

National Rose Society. — The annual general

meeting of the above Society will be held at the
rooms of the Horticultural Clnb, 1, Henrietta Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on Thursday, December 8, at

3 o'clock, for the purpose of receiving the report,
electing the officers and committee for the ensuing
year, confirming or otherwise the arrangements made
by the general committee for the exliibitions of 188.S,
and the transaction of other general business. The
tenth annual dinner of the National Rose Society
will take place on the same day at 6 o'clock. The
Hon, and Rev, J, T. Bosc-iwen, Vice-President, in
the chair. It is proposed to hold the metropolitan
e.'chibition at the Crystal Palace on July 7, and
the provincial show at Darlington about the middle
of the same month.

Adiantum Fergusoni, Moore.— Dr. Trimex

writes to us from Ceylon : — " The facts as to the dis-
covery of this curious Fern in Ceylon, are not quite
correctly given in your note at p, 470, People in the
tropics do not keep their plants in "conservatories,"
but place the pots or tubs containing them in the
verandahs of their bungalows. It was in the verandah
of the house of a native gentleman at Negorabo, a
town on the coast, some 20 miles north of Colombo,
that my late observant friend, Mr. W. Ferocson,
first noticed this Adiantum. It was not a seedling
but a fine, fully grown plant. I'nfortunately, no one
was able to give any information about it, and its
origin thus remains quite unknown. It has, how-

ever, now become a common Fern in Colombo
gardens, being very easily grown from the spores,
which are always copiously produced. Tlie progeny
has never been observed to diS'er in the slightest
degree from the parent, and the plant has certainly
more claim to a distinctive name than the majority
of the Maidenhairs on which horticulturists have re-
cently bestowed them. Henrt Trimes. "

M. Verlot. — We learn that this gentleman, long
attached to tlie Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, has
resigned his appointment and entered into the service
of MM. VlUIORIN-, AxDBiEnx & Co.

EUONYMUS JAPONICUS.— The fruiting of this
species is so unusual that we may do well to note
the receipt from the lion, and Rev. J. T. Boscawes
of a bo.x of ripe capsules from western Cornwall.
On the sunny side the valves of the capsule are
purplish, while on the less exposed side they are
whitish, so that the capsules have a particolored
appearance, rendered even more striking when the
valves burst open and show the seeds with their rich
orange coating, which is doubtless an adaptation to
secure the attention of birds and the consequent
dispersal of the seed.

Chiswick Gardeners' Mutual Improvement

Association.— We learn that, at the meeting to be
held on December 21, Mr. F. 'W. BcKmnoE, F.L.S.,
will contribute a paper on Plant-Names.

A Chrysanthemum Show and Bazaar

was opened on Nov. 24, at the Town llall. Fare-
ham, by Lady Fitz-Wvur-VM, in aid of tlie restoration
of the parish church, which resulted in the sum of
£430 being taken at the Bazaar, and about 900 per-
sons paid for admission to the show. Messrs. W.
& G. Droveh carried out the arrangements for the
latter, and assisted the display by sending twenty-
si.K dozen of specimen blooms which were sold at the
conclusion of the show, in aid of the object above
stated.

Dammara ROBUSTA,— Mr, S. G, Shattock gave
a communieatioa to the Linnean Society on
November 'A expounding his views as to the scars
occuiring on the stem of this plant. He says that
the process of disarticulation of the branches is like
that by which a leaf or other organ is shed. The
parenchymatous cells across the whole zone of articu-
lation multiply by transverse division, a layer of cork
resulting from the formation of this secondary
meristein, and through the distal limits of this, solu-
tion of continuity occurs. Afterwards tlie slender
connecting bond of wood is broken across by the
weight of tlie branch or the first trivial violence ;
this completion of the process being aided, perhaps,
by the tension made upon the wood in conse-
quence of the cell division of the surrounding
parenchyma which occurs across its axis. It
thus happens tliat the whole of the parenchymatous
system of the stem is closed by cork before the
brancli is actually shed.

Pear Knight'S Monarch. — Although it is

some sixty years ago since this variety was raised,
it still holds its own among the winter kinds, and
is second to none in cropping qualities or flavour.
Tlie tree, as Mr. Rost remarks, has one great fault,
it will very often all at once slied its fruit before the
proper time for gathering arrives; but thinning the
fruit, and watering thoroughly the roots in August,
partially obviates this evil ; but even then, without
rhyme or reason, some fine morning one finds half
the crop at the foot of the tree, and thus bruised and
spoiled for keeping. This year Mr. Rust adopted the
plan of ]>lacing a net under the tree. Into this the
fruit fell, and was daily collected and placed on the
fioor of the fruit-room. This is one of the few
Pears which do not ripen simultaneously ; one ripens
here and one there in the lot, as can easily be known
by gently pressing the fruit at the base of the stalk :
when the fles'i yields, and not otherwise, it is ripe.
Fruit, as a rule this year, is ripening before its

time, owing to the unusual warmth of the late sum-
mer months. In many cases fruit-rooms are kept too
warm ; 38° to 42° is sufficiently high, and doors
should never be left open when sorting the fruit,
thus causing a change of temperature.

Pruning for a Crop. — Pruning is one of
tlie nio^t important factors in hardy fruit culture,
and where the knife is used with judgment, other
conditions being equal, the results are invariably
satisfactory, but when used indiscriminately, without
regard to the nature or character of the tree, the
reverse is more often the case. The following re-
marks of our correspondent, Mr. Watson, of Engle-
hurst, on this subject are well worthy attention : —
Take bush or pyramid Apple trees, for instance ; we
freiiuently see the trees cut hard in every season to
the old stems, with scarcely a fruit spur on them, the
branches disposed regularly all round, and of uniform
shape and height — pretty to look at wlien in growth,
but when fruit time comes the crop is small or none :
the few fruits they do bear no doubt being of good
size and quality. This close pruning may answer with
some varieties but not with the greater number of the
varieties of Apples. Young trees by careful root-
pruning may be brought into bearing without much
use of the knife, but too fre(iuent pruning of the
roots has a tendency to stunt the tree, and fruit of
best quality cannot then be expected. A mode-
rate healthy growth is necessary to produce a full
crop of fine fruit, and this should be the object
in all pruning. Trees having made healthy shoots
from 1 to 3 feet in length, and having few or no fruit
spurs among the older branches, sliould have the
terminal shoots on all the main branches left their
entire length, while all the inner growths should be
cut back to an eye or two. The shoots left will,
during the following season, form fruit-buds at
almost every eye, and these buds invariably grow
into fruit-spurs, and bring the tree into a fertile
condition. The tree having got well furnished with
bearing wood, the annual growths may then be cut
back to an eye or two, leaving the leading shoots a
little longer. Some varieties form their flower-buds
towards the ends of their shoots ; such should only
have the branches thinned out when they are too
thickly placed, and those branches that are getting
extended too far should be chosen for removal.
There are some varieties, amongst wiiich may be named
Northern Greening, that form fruit-buds and spurs,
no matter how hard the trees are pruned ; but where
satisfactory results are expected, fruit trees must be
allowed a fair amount of natural development. The
same princijiles of pruning Apples apply also to
Pears and Cherries. Plums may be pruned in closelv,
and still bear fair crops, but where fruit of high
quality is required, a considerable amount of annnal
growth must perforce be left. Gooseberries and
Currants were formerly spurred in hard, but now we
simply thin out the brandies, and get better crops,
and finer fruit. These remarks apjily, of course, to
fruit trees grown in the open, but the principle
applies with equal force to trees on walls. Pear
trees on walls which only bear a few fruits at the
extreme end of their branches (and tliat is mainly
where the young wood is left) are often got to bear
all over by leaving at intervals on the branches a
few strong shoots, which can be fastened in neatly in
a line with the main branches, afterwards cutting
away the old barren spurs to let in sunlight ; such
shoots will form fruit-buds during the following
season, and will carry fruit the next.

Presentation.— On Tlmrsday evening, Novem-
ber 24, a presentation was made to Mr. A, Ja.mieson,
head gardener to the Earl of Crawfokd and Bal-
CARREs, on the occasion of his leaving the district,
Mr. Jamieson has had charge of the extensive gar-
dens at Haigh Hall for the long jieriod of fifteen
years, and his uniform courtesy and kindly disposi-
tion to every one who has come in contact with him,
have gained him universal esteem. It was, therefore,
decided amongst his friends, to make liini a hand-
some presentation, as a recognition of the many
kindnesses and sterling qualities he has exhibited.
A committee was appointed to obtain the necessary
subscriptions, which were soon forthcoming, and it
was decided that the presentation should take the
form of a timepiece and a tea and coffee service.

Uecembeb 'S, 1887.]

THE GAFBENEBS' CHRONICLE.

691

Home Correspondence.

^P" Correspondents will greatly oblige hy seiidiiig early
intelli']cnce of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring und-er the notice of horticulturists.

Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of reiiiarkable
plants, trees, <X'c., are also solicifcJ.

FAILURES IN MUSHROOM GROWING.— Xo sur-
prise need be felt at inexperienced amateurs failing
to succeed in the cultivation of the Mushroom, for,
simple as is the work when well understood, it is
almost impossible to say oti'hand in any case what
the cause of failure may be, as the preparation of
the material and the making and spawning of the
beds must of necessity be more or less perfectly
understood. But when it happens, as it frequently
does, that a gardener of mauy years" standing fails in
getting a crop, when all the conditions necessary to
success have been observed, failure is most disap-
pointing to, and often has very unpleasant conse-
quences for the gardener. I will not go so far as to
say that it is always the fault of the spawn, but I
will state a recent case in my experience, showing,
without a duubt, that inferior spawn was the cause
of failure in this case. On September 3 last I had a
bed spawned, one-fourth of it with purchased spawn,
and the remainder with spawn made at home. The
result obtained is that from the home-made article.
I have had a most excellent and satisfactory crop,
whereas from that part of the bed in which bought
spawn was used not a single llushroora has yet
appeared. The conditions were exactly identical in
each case. The home-made spawn was six months
old ; spawn over twelve months old should never be
used, and gardeners in buying the article should be
careful to stipulate that the article they buy is well
within this age, then failure in Mushroom growing
by gardeners would be almost unknown. Head
Gardener.

KEEPING GRAPES FRESH AFTER" BEING CUT.
— I cut the Grapes in the usual manner, and in
the rain-water put into the bottles in which the
shoots are inserted I put powdered saltpetre at the rate
of 4 oz. to 4 gallons of water. The Grapes keep
better in this way than in any other that I have
tried, the water keeping perfectly clear and sweet ;
I have now some that is so after ten years. JVm.
Smythe, Basing Park, Alton.

HELLEBORUS NIGER VAR. VERNALIS.— It is a
bold thing for me to differ with such a famous
authority on Hellebores as Mr. Brockbank. I have
the plate (186 of Sweet's Flower Garden) now before
me, and find it exactly fits the variety referred to by
me, under the heading niger varieties and given in a
supplementary notice in the Gardeners' Chronicle last
October. Mr. Ware's plant is no doubt dwarf, and late
in blooming, but it has dark flower-stems as well as leaf-
stalks, both features of nearly as deep a purple as what
we get in var. maximus. I always thought we had at
least three varieties of H. maximus, but feared to ven-
ture another muddle ! The plants in my possession
at Temple Hill, and of which I have a good number, I
recognise as Helleborus niger var. vernalis. Mr.
Barbidge of Trinity College Gardens, Dublin, will be
able to say if I am correct, as I sent him a plant by
special desire last month. I hope Mr. Brockbank
will not consider this " Hartland's Muddle " number
two, my experience with Mr. Ware's plant is worth
one hundred. W.Baylor Hartland, Cork.

EFFECTS OF RECENT FROSTS.—That there has
been considerable harm done amongst some hardy
trees and plants by the late excessively humid frosts
there can be little doubt, but the results are rarely
seen until some time has elapsed, and then the causes
are not always rightly attributed. Nothing even now
is more common than to hear the bursting of water-
pipes attributed to the thaw instead of to the frost.
A curious case of frost effect was noted here a few
mornings after the late heavy fog. A few old plants
of^the Japanese Chrysanthemum, Tokio, each con-
sisting of a cluster of stems, were observed to have
gathered about the lower part of the stems what
seemed to be collected snow, although no snow had
fallen here. Upon further examination it was found
that from the ground upwards the bark of the stems
had been torn off from the wood in ribbon lengths of
3 to 4 inches, and from the naked wood had escaped
sap, which was frozen just like snow all round

the stems. The material was very brittle, more so
than snow usually is — doubtless due to the peculiar
nature of the liquid substance which had been frozen.
The rupturing of the bark must have been productive
of great waste or liberation of sap, as the frozen par-
ticles stood out fully half an inch round the stems.
The plants were checked in growth during the
drought of summer, but had improved considerably
during t)ie autumn, the wood being therefore much
fuller of sap than is usual in such cases at this
season of the year. None the less, this circumstance
serves to illustrate the effects of hoar-frosts on trees,
producing fractures, which are seldom seen until the
cause has been forgotten. A. D.

(See Gardeners' Chronicle, November 26, p.

595.) — In the neighbourhood in which I reside the
effect of the very sharp frost in October on several trees,
notably the Ash, was to cause the leaves to drop sud-
denly without any alteration of colour. At one place
near the railway station, the air being quite still, I
noticed a heap of entire Ash leaves, not leaflets, laid
regularly one upon another, the heap being at least
6 inches deep in the middle. That colouring is due
to the combined action of light and possibly moisture,
as well as cold nights. I fuel sure from a curious fact
that I observed the other day. On picking a twig
with beautifully coloured leaves upon it, I observed
that where one of the leaves was covered by a piece
of the twig the red colour was not developed. The
crimson leaf [as is very common in Apples pressed
on one side or against a branch] had a yellow line
right across it where the twig had hidden it from the
light (and moisture ?). E. M. H.

BASKETS OF AUTUMN FOLIAGE. — At the

recent Chrysanthemum exhibition at Devizes prizes
were offered for baskets of autumn foliage and
berries, and the ladies of the town, with others,
brought so many that it formed a charming feature.
The arrangement generally was in excellent taste,
and some of them were of a high order of artistic
merit. It is a feature worthy of being encouraged
at Chrysanthemum shows. Unlike baskets of flowers
at summer shows, the contents of which fade almost
before the judges can inspect them, these baskets of
autumn foliage remain fresh for several days, and
come in very useful for indoor decoration. The
tables or stands of cut Chrysanthemums can be
rendered much more attractive if a raised stand
were placed between the two lines of stands and
then baskets placed upon them, or, failing these, a
line of small plants of Palms, Crotons, &c., of
table size, will be found very useful for the purpose,
B.D.

LILIUM SPECIOSUM VARS. — After reading
*' G. R.'s" remarks I feel compelled to send you a
few more of my own respecting the white form of L.
speciosum with yellow anthers, " G. R." has evi-
dently done his best to defend his own statements
and to render mine erroneous, and while I freely
forgive his frequent misrepresentations of facts, I
cannot allow incorrect statements to go unchallenged.
" G. R." admits it to be like Kraetzeri in many
respects, but still contends that it has nothing to do
with it ; as a matter of fact it differs in one respect
only, and that the anthers ; it is not a spotted white,
but a pure white flower, therefore punctatum, if
applied to it, would be misleading to any one know-
ing the meaning of the latter term. If" G. K." has
the opportunity of referring to the Floricultural
Cabinet for 1839, he will discover how wrong his
notions are, too, as regards what we now regard as
the true punctatum with yellow anthers. In that
volume it is figured as L. lancifolium var. roseum ; it
is very perfect, yellow anthers and all complete, and
is thus described in the text :— " This very beautiful
Lily was sent by Dr. Siebold from Japan, and we
had the pleasure of seeing it in bloom last summer at
Messrs. Low & Co.'s nursery, Clapton, and at
Messrs Loddiges', Hackney." I adhere to my state-
ment, that this particular Lily grows in company
with liraetzeri, and reaches us as such. I have this
season proved this beyond doubt in several consign-
ments, all of which, with one exception, contained
flowering bulbs of the yellow anthered variety, and
furthermore, the very same thing occurred at the
Hale Farm Nurseries during the summer of 1887,
and were there for any one to see. I have never
said that the name Kraetzeri is known to the Japanese,
My words were, " it really reaches us as Kraetzeri," by
which I meant that it was, as soon as it reached our
shores, Kraetzeri, as known to the French, Dutch, and
English growers, who have supplied the majority of
names for Japanese Lilies. In a roll of native Japan-
ese drawings in my possession, liraetzeri is — as far as

the flower goes — most faithfully depicted, and its
native name is therein given as Shiro Kanako. Now
I come to a very important matter, which I cannot
pass by. " G. R." distinctly asserts "that Mr. Ware
receives direct from Japan every year quantities of
this Lily without a single bulb of Kraetzeri among
them ; '" but Mr. Ware in a variety of ways con-
tradicts this himself. At p. 311 in the original note,
Mr. Ware says " it is very rare;" this is a remarkable
contradiction, and I think it will fairly master " G. R."
and his assistants to reconcile such statements ; it is
further alluded to in Mr. Ware's Catalogue for 1887,
as "very rare, "while it has been so "very rare" in pre-
vious years that not a single bulb was offered of it
during the years 1883, 1884, 1885, and 1886, and
this, in Mr. Ware's special Lily list. Where, then, are
these annual quantities which are received, and which
are to astonish me ? Will " G. R." tell us that they all
rotted in transit, and that he has only a heap of putre-
faction to show for these valuable and "very rare"
bulbs? I am willing to be astonished, and as your
correspondent has a "lot of this," I am now await-
ing his invitation to see them, and I will give a
truthful report — if permitted — of what I see in the
])ftges of the Gardeners' Chronicle. Further, I will
give £5 for a sight of every thousand of this
astonishing lot, which he can show me, and
witness in flower in the summer of 1888, the lot
to be seen at once, and samples to be placed
in competent hands for which full price shall be
paid; and I would further suggest, that, these
failing to comply with the statements of " G. R.,"
he shoitld give a like sum for every thousand
failing — the money in each case to be handed
over to the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution.
This will give your correspondent an opportunity of
substantiating his statements. Lastly, your corre-
spondent refrains from giving the exact date of
flowering; this, however, I have supplied as far as
this season is concerned ; and I have done so from a
large bed which has stood undisturbed for three suc-
cessive seasons, and Kraetzeri under similar con-
ditions side by side. Better proof is not needed, and
only when left undisturbed can any fixed time be
taken even in any one locality. But even here
" G. R." contradicts himself. At p. 474 he says : —
'■ First of all it flowers at least three weeks before
Kraetzeri commences,'* while at p. 630 he tells us
he " must state once more that our Lily commences
flowering at least ten to fourteen days before L.
Kraetzeri," which proves the fallacy of his state-
ments. How can " G. R." make it three weeks, or
ten or fourteen days either before Kraetzeri, when
he cannot fix a date for the latter ? E. Jenkins,
Waterloo Villa, Hampton.

HEAVY CROP ON A BLACK HAMBURGH GRAPE.
—I herewith forward a sample of the fruit of the
true Black Hamburgh cut from a Vine which carried
a hundredweight — a weight that it has borne yearly
for about twenty years, and smaller crops for ten
years previously. From its appearance the Vine
looks likely to go on cropping well as long as before.
The Grapes always finish well, but neither bunch
nor berry is large, although it can be said, taking
them as the produce from so old and heavily cropped
a Vine, they are not a bad sample. The treatment is
strictly that of a greenhouse, the house being always
full of plants, and in winter is crammed with bedding
plants, the only fire-heat used being to keep out
frost and dispel damps, &c. At some future time I
may perhaps give you more particulars as to pruning,
&c., if it will be acceptable to you or readers of the
Gardeners' Chronicle. W. Divers, Weirton House,
Maidstone. [The Grapes were good in flavour if
a little deficient in colour. Ed.]

CLEANING TOMATO SEED.— Had "A Foreman"
(p. 474) been content with cleaning his Tomato seed
in a muslin bag, without putting it in water, I should
have agreed with him; I only grow at the most just
sufficient for my own use, and my plan is simply
this : — The fruit being quite ripe I take the Tomato
and cut all round the fruit ; holding the stalk in my
hand, having a piece of flannel which has been wrung
out of clear water fairly dry, with a knife I get all
the seeds out, without much pulp; gently rub these
seeds with the flannel — ^and it does not take long to
clean a quantity of seed in this way. I venture to
say my Tomato seed, some of which is several years
old, has more germinating power than this season's
washed seed [?]. It does not take a very skilful hand
to so clean the seed that it is free from particles of
wool off the flannel. Then when fairly dry, take the
seeds from the flannel on to a sheet of paper, but do
not put in the sun to di-y, nor in a hot place. No

692

THE GA I? D E NEBS' C HE ONI CLE.

[December 3, 1887>

doubt, " A. D.," by his method, p. 503, can do more
bulk in the time ; but there are several things
in it which I cannot credit. That fruit is ripe is
sufficient test for me that the seed is the same ; then
to allow the seed to lie until the fruit is partly de-
composed is considered an error in practice. Some of
your readers who see this will know by their own e.\-
perience, that Tomato seed soon spoils itself by self-
sprouting. I should be sorry to clean any Tomato
seed by the water plan, in fact I can see no need of
it, the seed saved by me being white, or light-brown,
and good. My method admits also of the fruit being
eaten while in prime condition. That the more solid-
fleshed Tomatos are nearly seedless I know full well,
and to grow Tomato seed for sale must be done at a
loss. I was oftered '2s. Qd. per pound once. These
remarks of mine I commend to the man who has a
good Tomato, and wishes to save its seed. S. Ctist/i;
West Lijmi.

THE BULB MITE. — I found several of my
Eucharis bulbs were attacked by this pest and have
been making some experiments under the micro-
scope, with the following results. I put six in some
clean water to see if they would drown : they
seemed quite to enjoy this treatment and increased
in number to forty-two in twelve hours. I then
tried a batch in strong salt-water: they seemed quite
comfortable in this, and were alive after twelve
hours, although their offspring had perished. Next,
I put some in lime-water which has the reputation
of killing them: I found them quite healthy and
nimble after twelve hours' immersion. Strong
tobacco-water seemed to have no appreciable effect
on them, but a bath in a mixture of paraffin and
water killed them in about an hour. I am now
making further experiments by soaking in paraffin
a bulb that has the mite in it. I shall then pot it
up and let you know the result. Perhaps some of vour
readers may be interested in knowing something
about tills destructive insect, and those who have
not seen it under a microscope in water, or salt-
water, have a treat in store, if they can avail them-
selves of it, and would not regret the time spent on
this wonderful specimen of creation. In water, it
seems to throw out dark clouds as big as itself from
every portion of its body and legs, and drawing it in
again in a most marvellous manner. Edward Collins.

TO DESTROY MEALY-BUG AND THRIPS ON
STOVE PLANTS AND ORCHIDS. ^After nianv vears'
trial I find the following mixture the safest and
most efficient to use :— One pint of salad-oil, a quarter
of a pint of camphorated spirit, well mixed. It may
be put on with a camel-hair pencil wherever the
pest is seen. I always keep a small bottle in tlie
stove ready for use. For thrips I find it more con-
venient to use one pint of water with which a quarter
of a pint of camphorated spirit has been mixed, and
sponge the leaves over. This insecticide is not
offensive to the sense of smell, and should be used
when the foliage is dry. Wm. Sim/t/ic. Basiiiij Pari-
Alton. ■ -^

NARCISSI (see p. 666).— ^ye have in the botanical
department here numerous drawings of Narcissi by
Salisbury, with manuscript notes and specimens':
some of the latter represent Haworth's varieties, and
one, at least, was given by him to Salisbury. They
will be found in the second volume of the " Botanical
Manuscripts," and drawings of R. A. Salisbury,
which the late Dr. J. E. Gray presented to the de-
partment. James Britten, Xati'iral History MiiseiiM.

THE GENUS CRYrTOPHORAN-
THUS, OR WI^DO^^'-BEAKI^'G ORCHIDS.

Thbocohodt the whole range of the extensive
Orchid family it would be difficult, if not indeed im-
possible, to find a more extraordinary little group
than the one now under notice, and to which the
term Window-bearing may well be applied. The
flowers do not open at all in the ordinary manner,
but the sepals remain united both at base and ape.x —
two small lateral openings, one on either side, where
the upper sepal joins the lateral ones, being the only
openings into the flower. That of one species has
been compared to the head of a bird, with a perfor-
ation where the eyes should be. And while all the
species are remarkable on account of their structure,
some at least are of considerable interest from a hor-
ticultural point of view. But thev are known under

other names. In fact, the genus is practically a new
one as far as gardens are concerned, though it was
described six years ago. But even at the present
time the species have never been collected together,
and the object of the present paper is to supply this
deficiency. Two of them came into my hands a
short time ago on two consecutive days, one from an
esteemed correspondent, the other flowering in the
Kew collection, and as the latter required a name I
had to overhaul the genus to find one. And now for
its history, for it will be seen that our knowledge
has accumulated but slowly, and that its claim to
rank as a distinct genus has been very tardily
recognised.

In 1836 Lindley described (Bot. Re,/., sub t. 1797)
the first species of the genus, under the name Speck-
linia atro-purpurea, the specimen seen by him being
a cultivated one, from a plant imported from
Jamaica. Specklinia was then considered a distinct
genus, but as Lindley afterwards came to the con-
clusion that it could not be maintained as distinct
from Pleurotliallis, all the species were by him trans-
ferred to the latter, and our present one became Pleuro-
thallis atro-purpurea {Bot. Reg., 1842, Misc., p. 81).
In 184.5 the plant was figured by Sir William Hooker
(Bot. Mag., t. 4164) as Masdevallia fenestrata, Lindl.
MSS., not a word being said about its previous pub-
lication under the aforementioned names. Sir

William called the plant the " Windowed Masde-
vallia," and remarked : — " This is one of the verv
curious productions of Nature of which there are
such frequent instances in the orchideous plants.
The plant is not only singular in colour, the flowers
being externally of a deep blackisli blood colour, but
still more singular in form, with the sepals united
below and at the apex, leaving a sjiace much below
the apex, which is open and window-like, the whole
representing the head of a bird, with a perforation
where the eyes should be." This plant was sent from
Jamaica by Purdie in 1843, and flowered during
October and most of the winter months at Kew.

In 1875 a second species appeared, Professor
Ueiclienbach describing Masdevallia gracilenta in
these columns (n. s., iv., p. 98) from Costa Rica;
whence it was introduced by Endres, and flowered
by the Messrs. Veitch, and also at the Hamburgh
Botanic Garden. It was described as near M. fenes-
trata, but smaller, the flowers blackish-purple, and
with the aperture much greater. A third species
appeared in 1878, Masdevallia hypodiscus being
described {Gard. C'/iron.,n. 6.,x., p. 234) from some un-
published locality. It was introduced by Lehmann
for Mr. Stuart Low, who flowered it. It is said to be
twice the size of M. gracilenta, its nearest ally, the
flowers to be deep violet-purple, with a very long
narrow window, and numerous whitish fringed crests
all over the principal veins. JIasdevallia Dayana

soon followed, in 1880 (Gard. Chron., n. s.. xiv ,
p. 295), from New Grenada. Mr. Day obtained it at
a sale of Linden's plants. It was also sent by Wallis
to the Messrs. Veitch. Professor Reichenbach
observed, when describing it : — " I always think of
certain birds — partridges — when seeing the flower."
It is a large and handsome species, the flowers being
1.} inch long, the window very long and narrow, and
the colour very different from that of the preceding
ones. The upper sepal is honey-coloured, heavily
blotched with dark purple behind, shading off to
blackish-purple towards the apex ; the lateral sepals
bright yellow, with a few minute purple spots, but
shading off to a dull purple towards apex. A figure
which recently appeared in these columns (n. s., xxvi.,
p. 428, fig. 86, here repeated) well shows its pecu-
liarities.

Two Brazilian species also appeared, not, however,
as Masdevallias, but this time described under Pleu-
rothallis. Rodriguez, in 1877 (Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov.).
described Pleurothallis fenestrata (p. 12) and P.
cryptantha (p. 13), both from Brazil. The former
he describes as having numerous flowers borne in
fascicles, the colour blackish-purple, except the base,
which is dirty yellow with purple spots, and the
plant, with the exception of the flowers, having the
general appearance of Oncidium pumilum. The
latter he describes as having minute leaves, the
flowers much smaller than the preceding, and borne
from one to three together below the leaves; the
colour of the sepals white spotted with lilac outside,
but wholly lilac within, the petals white, the lip
white spotted with lilac, and the column yellow.

In 1881, Rodriguez published a second part of the
above work, and having come to the conclusion that
the above two species could not be retained in Pleuro-
thallis, he made a new genus for their reception,
which he called Cryptophoranthus, in allusion to the
hidden parts of tlie flower — i.e., the petals, lip, &c. —
being concealed within an almost closed flower, the
only opening into which was by a pair of small
windows at the side. He also added a third species.
C. punctatus, with very small pendulous flowers, the
colour greenish with brown-carmine spots outside,
and dark brown inside ; the petals apricot-yellow
margined with brown, and the lip wine-coloured.
All these seven species have the same remarkable
windowed flowers, and the one abovementioned as
now flowering at Kew is an eighth species, which
will be described at the close of this paper. All
agree in structure, and will have to be brought to-
gether.

The question now arises. Do they constitute a dis-
tinct genus, or a mere section either of Masdevallia or
of Pleurothallis ? Cryptophoranthus is not included
in the main body of the Genera Plantarum, but Mr.
Bentham obtained Rodriguez's work in time to men-
tion the genus in a note in the Addenda, where he
speaks of it as perhaps forming a distinct section of
Pleurothallis, and in this work he retains Masdevallia
fenestrata in Pleurothallis. But in his " Note on Or-
chidea; " (Joiini. Linn. Soe., xviii., p. 292) he says : —
" Distinct as are the characters which separate Mas-
devallia from Pleurothallis, there is one species
which has apparently with equal right been published
by Lindley himself in both genera — Pleurothallis
atropurpurea or Masdevallia fenestrata. It has the
stem elongated below the leaf, and the sepals with-
out spreading points, as in Pleurothallis ; but the
flowers are large, as in Masdevallia, under which
genus it has been figured, and has established itself
in our collections." Professor Reichenbach, as we
have already seen, retains it in Masdevallia. I
think, however, every one who has followed me thus
far will agree that Cyrtophoranthus has as much
right to be considered a section of one genus as of
the other, or, in other words, that it belongs to
neither, but constitutes a distinct genus, as distinct
— indeed, more so — than many other groups which
are universally admitted as genera.

Eight species of Cryptophoranthus, then, are
known, and as they range over an area from the
West Indies to the Andes and Brazil, it is probable
that other species remain to b.- discovered. The

December 3, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

G93

furtilisatiun ot this remarkable genus, and llie
ecouomv of the peculiar structure of the flowers,
remains a mystery. Darwin investigated it minutely,
but was completely baffled with it, and I cannot do
better than conclude with a summary of his remarks
upon it. ^lasdevallia fenestrata was the species he
experimented upon, and the full account may be
found at p. 168 of his Fertilisation of Orchids.
Speaking of the flower, he says that " the three sepals
always cohere together, and never open, two minute
lateral oval windows seated high up the flower and
opposite to each other, affording the only entrance
into it. The presence of these two minute windows
show how necessary it is that insects should have
access in this case as with all other Orchids. How
insects perform the act of fertilisation I have failed
to understand. At the bottom of the roomy and
dark chamber formed by the closed sepals the minute
column is placed, in front of which the furrowed
labellum stands, with a flexible hinge, and on each
side of the two upper petals, a little tube being thus
formed. Hence, when a minute insect enters, or a
larger one inserts its proboscis through either win-
dow, it has by touch to find the inner tube in order
to reach the curious nectary at its base. After
cutting away the sepals I vainly endeavoured, by
pushing a bristle into the tubular flower, to remove
the poUinia. The whole structure of the flower
seemed carefully intended to prevent the withdrawal
of the poUinia, as well as their subsequent introduc-
tion into the stigmatic chamber. Some new and
curious contrivance has here to be made out." Thus
far Mr. Darwin, who only knew one species, and now
that eight are known, the flowers varying from a
quarter to 1.^ inch long, and the windows diff'ering con-
siderably in shape and relative size in the different
species, our curiosity is enhanced. The following
are the species, beginning with the large and ending
with the small-flowered ones : —

Crifptophoranthits, Rodr., Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov.,
ii., 7'J.

1. C. Dayaiiiif, Rolfe. — Masdevallia Dayana,
Rchb. f., in Gard, Cliron., n, s., xiv., 295 ; xxvi., 428,
fig. 80. New Grenada.

2. C. hypodiscits, Rolfe. — MasdeA'allia hypodiscus,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., n. s., x.. 234. Locality
not stated.

3. C. o.tropurpurem, Rolfe. — Specklinia atropur-
p irea, Lindl., in Bot. lleg., sub. 1. 1797. — Pleurothallis
atropurpurea, Lindl., in Bot. Reg., 18i2, Misc., p.
SL — Masdevallia fenestrata. Lindl., e.v Hook., Bot.
Mar/., t. 4164. Jamaica and Cuba.

4. C gracilentm, Rolfe. — Masdevallia gracilenta,
Rchb. i, in Gard. Chron., n. s., iv., 98. Costa
Rica.

0. C.fcneslratiif, Rodr., Gen. el Sj>. Orch. Nov., ii.,
80. — Pleurothallis fenestrata, Rodr., I.e., i., 12,
Brazil.

6. C. cryptanthiis, Rodr., I.e., ii., 80. — Pleurothallis
cryptantba, Rodr., I.e., i., 13. Brazil.

7. C. punctatiis, Rodr., I.e., ii., 80. Brazil.

8. C. inaeiilattis, Rolfe, n. sp. — Stems extremely
short. Leaves elliptic.xl, obtuse, very fleshy, with
numerous purple spots or small blotches on the
upper surface, 1} — 2^ inches by J — 1|^ inch ; apex
minutely tridenticulate. Flowers numerous, two
lines long, situate at the base of the leaf on the very
short stem (so short that the flowers actually lie on
the soil), obovoid, obtuse, pubescent, yellow, densely
spotted with crimson ; the windows extending from
the middle half-way to the apex of the sepals, half as
broad as long. Petals spathulate, obtuse, yellow,
with crimson at apex, and a few spots of the same
colour below. Lip cordate-elliptical, obtuse. Column-
wings small, denticulate above. Petals and lip half
equalling the sepals.

A very remarkable little plant, lately flowering at
Kew, sent by Mr. Walker, no locality being given ;
but as another plant which came with it proved on
flowering to be the Brazilian Saundersia mirabilis, I
think this, too, may have come from Brazil. It
appears to be allied to the preceding species, but
difters in the broader spotted leaves, the propor-
tionately longer, obtuse petals, diflFerently shaped lip,
and other characters. H. A. Rnl/r.

RAVENALA MADAGASCAE-
lENSIS.

We give at fig. 133 a representation of this striking
tree, from a photograph kindly sent us by Mr, Hart.
The specimen was planted in 1876 at King's House,
Jamaica. In this country it is only in tropical stoves
of the largest size that this noble plant can be grown,
but the imposing character of the foliage is such that
some sacrifice is well endured for its sake. We
append a brief description from the Treasury of
Botany : — "A splendid Madagascan plant, constituting
a genus of Musacea;. Tlie trunk is like that of the
Palm, and is built up by the sheaths of the leaf-
stalks, and they diverge from the upper portion of
the stem somewhat in the same manner as the ribs
of a fan, from its centre. The flowers are closely
crowded in the axils of large bracts or spathes which
are arranged in two rows along the terminal flower-
stalk. In botanical characters the flowers are similar
to those of the species of Jfusa and Strelitzia, but
they differ in the stamens, which are six in number.
The fruit also is woody, capsular, three-celled, and
three-valved ; and the seeds are arranged in two rows,

these sales ; but what could be done would be to
insist upon getting bulbs at something like the price
they are sold under the hammer.

Bulbs of Hyacinths of fair quality have been sold
this year at Ad. per dozen — blues and reds, named ;
sorts such as Lord Macaulay at 6(?. a dozen, and
mixtures at as low a price as \s. 6f/. per hundred.
Large bulbs of Polyanthus Narcissus have been
sold at prices from 2s. to 6s. per hundred ; yellow
Crocus, fair bulbs, as low as 10(^. per thousand (see
invoice enclosed).

It may be observed that few white Hyacinths are
sent to these sales ; but many good sorts, such as
Norma, white Baronness Thuyl — the white varieties
fetching Is. iSd, to 2s. per dozen. Anemones to name,
Crocus, Ranunculus. Lilies. &c., are among the
bulbs disposed of at these absurd prices. Poxye <$■ Sons.

in each of the compartments of the fruit, and have
a pulpy blue arillus suiTOunding them. This noble
plant is called by the French the Traveller's Tree,
probably on account of the water which is stored np
in the large cup-like sheaths of the leafstalks, and
which is sought for by travellers to allay their thirst.
The broad leaves are used as thatch to cover the huts
in Madagscar. The seeds are edible, and the blue
pulpy aril surrounding them yields an essential oil.
The blades of the leaves are oblong in form, and are
larger in size than those of any known plant, being
simple, except the Victoria regia."

Trade Notices,

UNFAIR TRADING IN BULBS.
As dealers in bulbs we think the trade ought to
make some combined stand against the prices the
Dutchmen charge for their bulbs to dealers, and
then immediately afterwards flood the towns with
bulbs to be sold at any price they will make. Here
in Birmingham we have had from thirty to sixty
cases sold by auction per week since the commence-
ment of the season, and we have no power to stop

Societies.

LUTON HORIICULTUBAL.

NovEJiBEH 10 AND 17. — The fourth annual Chry-
santhemum soiree and show of fruits, roots, and
vegetables, in connection with this Society, was
held in the Waller Street Plait Hall, and although
the number of exliibits was not quite so numerous
as in some previous years, yet the quality of the
exhibits and the general an-angement of the
specimens was a distinct advance upon former ex-
hibitions.

The collections of Chrysanthemums were arranged
round the sides of the hall, the background being
relieved by an assortment of greenery, which had a
very pleasing eflfect.

The cut blooms with the fruit and vegetables
occupied commodious tables running do^vn the centre
of the hall, this being further embellished by numerous
foliage plants and a fine collection of Primulas, not
for competition, from the conseri'atoriesof C. R. Fen-
wick, Esq. (gr., Mr. J. Underwood), High Firs, Har-
jienden. While in some classes the competition was
not very keen, in others a good number of exhibits
were shown, the vegetables being particularly worthy
of note.

Plants. — For a group of Chrysanthemums, any
variety, not exceeding 9 feet by 7 feet, the 1st prize
went to Mr. Edwin Coupers, Old Bedford Road, for
a cleanly grown and well balanced group as to
colours ; 2nd, Mr. J. J. Kershaw, Bedford Road House ;
the 3rd prize was awarded to j\Ir. W. Phillips, The
Lancrets, whose group contained some excellent
])lants of the Barbara variety, but the block was com-
posed of too many white varieties to be effective.

In the class for six specimen plants, distinct, Mr.
E. Coupees again was the successful competitor ; Mr.
H. Gibbons, Park Street, taking 2nd : and ^Mr. .T. J,
Kershaw was a rather bad 3rd.

For six pompon plants, there w^as but one exhibi-
tor, whose plants were certainly poor.

Ctd Blooms. — Twelve (incurved), distinct. — 1st,
Hon. Baron Dimsdale (gr..Mr. W. Jarvis), Essenden
House, Hatfield, a beautiful lot which easily secured
premier honours, and contained -John Salter, Jeanne
d'Aro, a grand white variety ; Beauty, Lady Har-
dinge, Mr. Bunn, Mr. Cobay, Princess Beatrice, very
fine ; Queen of England. Lord Wolseley, Empress of
India, Bronze Jardin des Plantes, and Prince Alfred.
2nd, Mr. W. Phillips, a nice lot, some good blooms
of Cherub, Emily Dale, and Princess Beatrice.

Twelve (Japanese), distinct. — The Hon. Baron
Dimsdale was unquestionably 1st, with a fine display
of Japanese, Val d'Andoire, Soleil Levant, Madame
C. Audiguier, Thunberg, Duchess of Albany, Edward
Audigier, Elaine, Belle Paule, Mons. John Laing, an
exquisite variety ; Comtesse de Beauregard, very
beautiful. The 2nd place was secured by Mr. W.
Phillips with Comte de Germiny, J. A. Davis, Peter
the Great, M. Burnet, a lilac-mauve, very pretty ;
Album plenum. Bras Rouge, Mary JIajor, and Ja-
ponaise.

Six bunches of pompons, three trusses each. — 1st,
Mr. H. L. Sell, Windsor Street, Luton.

In the amateur divisions for plants and cut blooms
some very creditable exhibits were staged, which
must have been very gratifying to the executive,
while at the same time the collections reflected much
credit upon the growers.

Mr. George Barford showed some very fair speci-
men plants artistically trained in a pyramid form
which were awarded a 1st prize.

694

THE GABDENERS' CEBONICLE.

[Decembee 3, 1887.

Baskets. — Some very prettily arranged baskets of
cut blooms of Chrysanthemums with Ferns and other
foliage intermixed, were shown by lady exhibitors,
sprays of the creeping Ivy being used with excellent
effect by most of the competitors. 1st, Miss Higgins,
Luton; 2nd, Miss A. A. Healey, Harpenden ; 3rd,
Miss E. Debenham, St. Albans. In the opinion of
many, the winner of the 3rd prize should have been
placed 2nd.

Fruit. — In this division some fine collections were
shown, the Apples from the gardens of East Hyde,
exhibited by Mr. T. Hogg, being greatly admired,
both for size and quality ; while the black Grapes
(Gros Colmar), and the wdiite Grapes (Muscat of
Alexandria), staged by B. Bennett, Esq. (gr., Mr.
James Higgins), of Cheverills Park, Dunstable, were
in good condition.

A dish of Pears, of the variety Hacon's Incom-
parable, shown by C. 11. Fenwick, Esq. (gr., Mr. G.
Underwood), were the best we have seen for some
time, and of immense size.

For a collection of six dishes of Pears, Mrs. T>rake
Garrard (gr., Mr. G. Tilbury), Lamer Park, Wheat-
hamstead, secured first honours.

The display of wild fruits was unique; the collec-
tion to which was awarded 1st prize containing fifty-
three varieties, all properly named botanically, being
set up by Master J. Bloomfield, who is to be highly
commended for his painstaking effort. 2nd, Master
AV. Hnnt, for forty-four varieties. 3rd, Mastei A.
J. Hudson, forty-one varieties.

Vegetables. — These were good all round, Potatos
being particularly worthy of notice, more espe-
cially, considering the adverse conditions of the
season. For a collection of Potatos, eight distinct
kinds, eight tubers of each — the prizes for which were
offered by Mr. C. Fidler of Eeading— Mr. H. L. Sell
took 1st, and Mr. W. Eling 2nd. The collections
comprised among others. Adirondack, Schoolmaster,
Beauty of Hebron, Reading Giant, Magnum Bonum,
White Elephant, Fidler's Prolific, and General
Gordon. The attendance was not so large as could
have been wished, the heavy fog and severe wintry
weather experienced doubtless diminished the
number of visitors.

READING CHRYSANTHEMUM.

No\-EMBER 18. — As usual, a very fine exhibition
took place at Eeading, the old Town Hall being quite
filled with plants and flowers ; the new one was also
well furnished with flowers and fi'uit, and the lobbies
had also to be utilised. The day was very wet and
dull, but the show is popular at Reading that a very
large number of people visited it.

Flants. — The gi'oups of plants arranged for effect
were ranged round the sides of the old Hall. The
best — a fine and well-arranged lot of Chrysanthe-
mums— came from Mr. Hatch, gr. to S. B. Stevens,
Esq., Reading ; Mr. Balchin, gr. to Mr. Alderman B.
Simonds, Reading, being 2nd. Three other prizes
were awarded to meritorious gi'oups.

The best six plants, Japanese varieties excluded,
came from Mr. Surman, gr. to C. II. Witherington,
Esq., Sonning, finely-grown and bloomed plants of
the Pink and Golden Christines, Mrs. G. Rvindle,
Prince of Wales, Dr. Sharp, and Mrs. Dixon. Mr.
Hatch was a very good 2nd. Mr. Booker, gr. to R.
Tompkins, Esq., Reading, had the best three, staging
capital plants of George Glenny, Golden Empress,
and Mrs. G. Rundle. Mr. Franklin, gr. to F. A.
Lucas, Esq., Sonning, was 2nd. Mr. Surman also
had the si.x best plants of Japanese varieties, good
specimens, showing excellent culture ; Mr. Booker
being 2nd. Mr. Franklin had the best three.
Standard plants were also shown in threes, and
in single specimens, but they had a very formal
appearance.

The best si.x short table or window plants, in
6-inch pots, came from Jlr. Surman, who had very
nice dwarf bushy well flowered specimens, he being
placed 1st out of five competitors. The plants were
about 1.5 inches in height, and carried good heads of
bloom; H. Clarke, Esq., Reading (Mr. Armitage,
gr.), was 2nd. Mr. Booker had the best three pom-
pons, and also the best single specimen, the last a
naturally grown standard plant. Mr. Franklin was
2nd in both classes.

Other plants included those for table decoration
(Mr. Waite, gr. to the Hon. W. P. Talbot, Esher,
being 1st), berried plants — consisting of Solanuras.
Skimmia japonica and Rivina humilis — Roman Hya-
cinths, and Ericas.

Orchids. — A. Palmer, Esq., Reading, was 1st, with
Cattleja Bowringiana, JIaxillaria grandiflora, and

Cypripedium insigne; Mr. Turton, gr. to J. Har-
greaves, Esq., Maiden Erieigh, being 2nd, with three
fine specimens of Cypripedium insigne. Prizes were
also offered for Chinese Primroses, Eucharis amazo-
nica (Mr. Armitage having a good specimen), Poin-
settias, Violets, Cactus, Epiphyllum truncatum, Bou-
vardias. Tree Ferns, &c.

Cut Blooms. — These were large and very finely
shown in all the classes. There were ten stands of
eighteen incurved blooms. Mr. Lane, gr. to Miss J.
D. Smith, Ascot, being placed 1st, with a remark-
ably good lot, large and well finished ; the leading
varieties being Lord Wolseley, Golden Empress,
Queen of England, Lord Alcester, Alfred Salter,
Empress of India, Hero of Stoke Xewington, Emily
Dale, Bronze Jardin des Plantes, Jeanne d'Arc,
Nil Desperandum, Empress Eugenie, Isabella Bott,
Barbara, Mrs. Heale, Cherub, and Mabel Ward.
These varieties may be taken as representative of
the sorts shown throughout the classes. Mr.
Russell, gr. to Dr. Lewis, Henfield, Sussex, was a
good 2nd. Mr. G. Marshall, Taunton, had the best
twelve varieties; Mr. Ashman, gr.,Billingbear Park
being 2nd. Eleven stands competed in this class.
Mr. Fletcher, gr. to T. Neighbour, Esq., Shiplake,
had the best six blooms.

Reflexed flowers were numerously and very flnely
shown. F. W. Flight, Esq., Winchester, was 1st
with a remarkably good lot represented by Magda-
lene Tezier, Amy Furze, Cullingfoi-di, King' of
Crimsons, Cloth of Gold, and the golden and pink
forms of Christine. The Anemone-flowered selection
was remarkably well represented also, but two of the
best stands had to be disqualified through contain-
ing Japanese varieties. Mr. Russell was 1st, and
Mr. Wildsmith, Heckfield Gardens, Winchfield, 2nd,
but very close up; Lady Margaret. Marguerite
d'Anjou, Georges Sand, Fleur de Marie. Acquisition,
J. W. Pethers, Margaret Villageoise, Louis Bonamy,
Laing's Anemone, and Nouvelle Alveoli, were the
leading varieties. Stands of twelve cut blooms,
pompons excluded, were composed generally of
four Japanese, four incurved, and four Anemone-
flowered varieties ; Mr. Asliman had the best.
Bunches of pompon varieties in 6's, made a pretty
feature ; Mr. J. P. Kendall, Roehampton, took the
1st prize.

Japanese varieties were numerously shown. There
were several shades of twelve varieties, and the com-
petition was very keen. Mr. W. G. Marshall,
of Taunton, was" placed 1st ; and Mr. Lane 2nd.
Mr. T. Neighbour had the best six, Mr. B. Gulliver,
Aylesbury, being 2nd.

Table Brcurat ions, (jr. — Large vases of Chrysan-
themums made a fine and imposing feature ; those
shown were intended for halls. The 1st prize went
to Mr. J. 0. Cooper, Calcot Gardens, Reading, with
a highly meritorious exhibit, Mr. Cooper also had
the best vase for a table. Jliss Phillips, Reading,
had the best single stand of cut flowers, and a vase
of everlastings also ; and Miss L. Phillips the best
stand of autumn leaves.

Fruit. — This made a fine display; Grapes were
remarkably good and numerous. Mr. Perkins,
Greenlands, Henley-on-Thames, had the best two
bunches of Black "Alicante; Mr. Jennings, Farn-
borough, those of Gros Colmar. Jlr. Woodford had
the best two bunches of White Muscats. Mr. Per-
kins had the best six dishes of fruit ; Jlr. Allen,
Swallowfield Park, being 2nd. Dessert and culinary
Apples were largely shown. Altogether, there were
about 150 dishes of Apples and fifty dishes of Pears
staged in competition. There were classes also for
Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Mushrooms.

In the way of miscellaneous exhibits, Messrs. G.
Bunyard & Co.. JIaidstone. had 150 dishes of Apples ;
Mr. R. Owen, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead, stands of
new Chrysanthemums ; and Mr. G. Phippen, nur-
servman, Reading, a large white cross. They were
all'highly commended.

WILTS HORTICULTURAL.

November 17 .\nd 18. — The second annual Chrysan-
themum and fruit show was held in a portion of the
Market House, Salisbury, and was in every respect
a success.

Groups and Plants. — There were three classes
provided for groups arranged for effect, which resulted
in several good arrangements being staged. Dr. F.
W. Coates, Salisbury, was 1st, for an effectively
arranged group of Chrysanthemums, finished off at
the margin with well-flowered little plants; Mr.
Pearce, High Street, Salisbury, was a good 2nd.
Mr, E. L. Brown, Portland Place, Salisbury, was 1st,

for a group not open to exhibitors in the preceding
class, and put up a number of fresh, well-flowered
specimens ; Mr. J. Chalk, gr. to G. Read, Esq., West-
wood, Salisbury, was a good 2nd. Mr. G. Inglefield,
gi-. to Sir J. W, Kelk, Bart., Tedworth House, Marl-
borough, with a group of miscellaneous plants, was
a good 1st, the arrangement being light and effective ;
Calanthes, Bouvardias, Cypripediums, &c., were
dotted about in the groundwork, composed of Ferns.
Mr. J. Currey, gr. to Col. Pepper, Milford Hill,
Salisbury, was 2nd, with a good arrangement, but
the plants employed were rather heavy for the pur-
pose. With six flat-trained plants of Chrysanthe-
mums Mr. J. Chalk was 1st.

Cut Blooms. — The chief class was for twenty-four
blooms, and not more than two blooms of one variety.
Several good stands were put up. Mr. J. Horsefield,
gr. to Lord Heytesbury, Heytesbury, Wilts, was 1st
with a fine lot of blooms, and was pressed hard by
Mr. H. W. Ward, gr. to the Earl of Radnor, Long-
ford Castle, Salisbury, and Mr. Inglefield. Mr.
Horsefield's best blooms were Lord Alcester, Alfred
Salter. Jardin des Plantes, and Mr, John Laing.
Mr. Ward's stand contained fine, deep, full blooms
of Empress of India, Empress Eugenie, Hero of
Stoke Newington, and Gr.andiflorum. Mr. Inglefield
was very strong in Japanese. Mr. Horsefield was
again deservedly 1st for twelve incurved, his flowers
of Queen of England, Golden Empress, and Empress
of India being very good ; Mr. Inglefield was 2nd;
and Mr. Charles W.irden, gr. to Sir F. H. Bathurst,
Bart., Clarendon Park, Salisbury, was 3rd, both
showing well. Five competitors engaged in the class
for Japanese — Mr. Horsefield once more leading the
way with a dozen good fall blooms, of which
Triomphe de la Rue des Chalets, Jeanne Delaux,
and Moonlight, were remarkable. Mr. Inglefield and
Mr. Ward were 2nd and 3rd with good stands. With
twelve reflexed, Mr. Copp. gr. to W. E. S. Drax, Esq.,
Holnest House, Sherbourne. and Mr. Ward, were 1st
and 2ud in that order, showing each excellent stands
of fresh and even blooms of great substance. With
twelve blooms of Anemones, Mr. Richard West, gr.
to J. E. Wigram, Esq., Northlands, Salisbury, was
1st ; Mr. Ward being a close 2nd, and Mr. Ingle-
field a good 3rd. With eighteen blooms, not less
than twelve varieties (open to amateurs only), Mr.
John 'Voce, gr. to Mr. A. Williams, Church Fields,
Salisbury, was 1st ; and Mr. Tubb, gr. to Mrs. Ferry-
man, Redlynch House, Downton, was 2nd with
twelve blooms, not less than si.x varieties (open
only to those who do not keep a regular gar-
dener), Mr. S. Melhuish, Sandford Street, Exeter,
was 1st; andMr.Maynard, Wyndham Park, Salisbury,
was 2nd.

Ladies' Classes. — Mrs. Farrant, Bemerton, Salis-
bury, was 1st for a dressed vase with a light and
elegant arrangement of white flowers and Maiden-
hair Fern ; Miss Lavinbond, St. Anne Street, Salis-
bury, was a good 2nd.

Mrs. E. Brittan, Wiiterloo Nursery, Salisbury, and
Miss Mathews, Avonbourne, Salisbury, were 1st and
2nd in that order for tastefully dressed baskets, both
flowers and arrangements being strikingly alike in
both baskets ; Miss Brown, Portland Place, Salisbury,
was a good 3rd, her basket containing fine blooms of
the Catherine Mermet and Niphetos Roses. The
last-named exhibitor was a good 1st for three shoulder
sprays, which were much admired, and justly so ;
Miss C. A. Mathews was 2nd ; and Miss Amy Waters,
Sa^'ings Bank, Salisbury, were 2nd and 3rd respec-
tively. The prizes for six buttonhole bouquets went
to Mrs. E. Brittan, Miss Mathews, and Miss Brown,
in the order in which the names appear, for very
creditable exhibits. Lady Hulse, Breamore House,
Salisbury, contributed, not for competition, half a
dozen neatly arranged buttonholes, composed of
Violets, Tuberoses, and Feni, and which were greatly
admired.

Fruit. — Mr. Ward was 1st, for a collection of six
kinds of fruit, showing good bunches of black and
white Grapes, Smooth Cayenne Pine, Lockinge
Hero Melon, of good shape and colour : Chaumontel
Pears, and Ribston Pippin Apples. Mr. Warden was
a good 2nd, his best dishes being superbly coloured
Grapes — Black Alicante and Muscat of Alexandria — ■
and Salway Peaches. Mr. Warden was 1st for two
bunches of Black Alicante Gr!i.pc9, of good size and
colour. Mr. Ward wjis easily 1st out of seven lots of
any other black Grapes, with large well-coloured
bunches of Gros Guillaume ; Mr. Richardson, Clay-
land, Salisbury, was 2nd. with medium-sized well-
coloured bunches of Gros Colmar. Out of a like
number of stands of Muscat of Alexandria Grapes
Mr. Ward was 1st, with clusters of large perfect
berries. Mr. Ward was again to the front for any

December 3, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

695

Other white, with tnro large well-coloured bunclies
of Trebbiauo.

Apples. — These made a good show. Mr. W. Scott,
Bath Koad, Exeter, was 1st, with large, clean and
highly coloured fruits. Mr. Scott was also 1st for
three dishes of culinary Apples.

With three varieties of Pears, C. W. Gater, Esq.,
Oakley, Milford, Salisbury, was 1st, with large clean
fruits.

Miscdlaticous (not in competition). — Two groups
of well-flowered and effectively arranged plants of
Chrysanthemums, surmounted by large plants of
Latania borbonica and Arancaria excelsa, put up by
Messrs. Keynes & Co., commanded the attention ol
visitors as they entered the exhibition, to the effect
of which they contributed not a little. They also
served to show the usefulness of the plants so gi'own
for cutting purposes. Mr. Ward and Mr. Ilorder,
Milford Hill, Salisbury, put up a few good stands of
cut blooms, and IMr. Warden put up two large
bunches of Black. Alicante Grapes, which, together
with a Corfu Melon, exhibited by the Earl of Radnor,
who received it from Malta a few days before the
show, attracted a good deal of attention — the latter
by reason of its ornamental appearance, the lower
part of the fruit being a bright red, the top yellow
and streaked with red, and depressed in shape. W.

TUNBRIDGE WELLS, MID-KENT, AND
EAST SUSSEX CHRYSANTHEMUM.

The exhibition of the above Societv was held at
the " Calverlpy " Hotel, Tunbridge Wells. The large
room adjoining the hotel was well filled ; indeed,
the groups of plants might be said to be rather
crowded, nevertheless they were very effective, quite
filling up one end of the hall, the other being set
apart for specimen plants. The incurved blooms
were very good indeed. Perhaps they lacked the
finish of the best metropolitan exhibits, but they
gave evidence throughout of skilful culture. As
much or more may be said in favour of the Japanese
cut blooms — they were really wonderful examples
of good culture.

The best twenty-four incurved blooms were from
the gardens of R. Cunliff*e, Esq. (Mr. A. Stringer, gr.),
Stoneleigh — Golden Empress, Beauty, a distinct
lilac peach-coloured flower ; Antonelli, Empress of
India. Lady Slade, &c.

For twelve — Thornton, Esq. (Mr. J. Hopkins, gi-.).
was 1st. Lord Alcester, John Salter, Queen of
England, Mabel Ward, and Lord Wolseley were the
best blooms.

The best twenty-four blooms of Japanese were sent
from the gardens of — Byass, Esq. They were of
large size and well finished, the best of them being
Elaine, Corate de Germiny, Golden Dragon, Jeanne
Delaux, Mdlle. Lacroix, Dr. Macary, Boule d'Or,
Pere Delaux, Belle Paule, Flamme de Punch, and
Balmorean.

In the class for twelve blooms," W. Strickland, Esq.
(Mr. J. Winchester, gi-.), Bell Bank, Hailsham, was
the winner. The following varieties were very fine :
— Duchess of Albany, Belle Paule, Triomphe de
la Rue des Chatelets, Hiver Fleuri, and Comte de
Germiny.

All the above prizes were won against a good com-
petition, and excellent blooms were shown in other
classes.

Mr. Stringer won the 1st prize for eight specimen
plants arranged for eff'ect, with George Glenny,
Golden Glenny, Prince of Wales, Baron Beust, and
Mrs. Bundle.

Mrs. Hall (Mr. J. Sraooker, gi-.), Brathay House,
took the lead for six trained plants; they were
Baron Beust, George Glenny, and Mrs Eundle, as
the best. The plants were dwarf, very healthy, and
furnished with excellent blooms. Single specimen
Japanese, from H. Hewitson, Esq. (Mr. G. Tickner,
gr.), Broadwater Do^vn, was a well grown one of
Madame B. Rendatler. Jlr. Stringer won the 1st
place with an excellent specimen of George Glenny.

All the above classes for plants (trained), which
were well filled, bore evidence of over-training.

As an example of skilful culture, we might allude
to the six untrained plants from Mrs. B. Byass,
Newell Court (Mr. R. Smith, gi-.) ; they were perfect
in flower and foliage, and would be about 3 feet high.
The varieties were: — Jardin des Plantes, Barbara,
Prince of Wales, George Glenny, Golden Glenny,
and Mrs. Rundle.

Groups, as previously stated, were well arranged.
The best was from the garden of C. Riley, Esq., The
Priory, Newell Park, the quality of the blooms in
nearly ali the classes being exceptionally good — An-

tonelli, Princess of Teck, Mrs. Shipman, Mrs.
Rundle, Meg Merrilies, Fabias de Maderanaz, and
Madame C. Audiguier, being conspicuous.

Mr. Tickner had by far the best Solanums ; they
were good-sized plants, and were laden with large
berries.

Primulas were well shown in two classes. Mr.
Smooker had the best six plants. For eight plants
the competition was very keen, and the 1st prize was
well won by Mrs. Cripps (Mi". W. Reid, gr.). Mount
Calverley Lodge ; they were an excellent strain of
Chiswick Red and a good pyramidal white form.
There were fifteen collections in the two classes.
Poinsettias were, as usual, very fine.

In fruit the exhibits were a credit to the county,
or would have been to any county. The winner of
the 1st prize for a collection was J. W. Temple, Esq.
(Mr. T. C. Moorhouse, gr.), Leyswood, Groombridge.
He had excellent Alicante and Black Hamburgh
Grapes, two vSmooth-leaved Cayenne Pines, very
good Apples and Pears.

All the Grapes were good, even those that failed
to obtain prizes. Alicante from Mr. Learnwell were
large in bunch and berry, quite black, and covered
with a dense bloom. The Rev. E. H. Boardman
(Mr. Legg, gr.). Glen Andred, Groombridge, also
showed well in this class ; and easily won with
Muscats, large in berry and well coloured, in
another class.

Apples and Pears, both of kitchen and desseit
varieties, were plentiful, and of excellent quality.
The best were sent from Lord de Lisle (Mr. F.
Bridger, gr.), Penshurst. In a class for six dishes
dessert Apples, kitchen Apples, and Pears he won
easily; the dishes of Pears, such as Doyenne du
Cornice, Beurre Diel, Duchesse d'Angouleme, and
Beurre Clairgeau were very good.

The same exhibitor took the lead with six dishes
of kitchen Apples, of which Peasgood's Nonsuch,
Blenheim and G'^lden Noble were the best ; also
for three dishes of dessert Pears — Duchesse d'An-
gouleme, Beurre Diel, and Doyenne du Comice ; and
for six dishes of dessert Apples of superb quality —
Orange Pippin, King of Pippins, Blenheim, Duchess
of Gloucester, Welbank Seedling, and Quoining.

Mrs. Molyneux Williams (J. McFeist, gr.), Hun-
gerford Park, won with an excellent lot of dessert
Pears ; they were Doyenne du Comice, Doyenne
Boussoch, Beurre Diel, Beurre Hardy, Marie Louise.
and Beurre Superfin.

ST. ALBANS AND DISTRICT HORTI-
CULTURAL.

No^"EMBER '2.2. — Althougli this is a newly-formed
society, the exhibits shown on the occasion of its
first meeting were excellent, and in sufficient quan-
tity to make a creditable display. The contest in
the open classes for cut blooms brought many good
flowers. Mr. Lazzell, gr. to Rev. K. F. Gibbs.
Aldenham Rectory, taking 1st prize for twelve
incurved ; and Mr. Rumbolds, gr. to G. Lake, Esq.,
Bushey House, Watford, was 1st in the class for the
same numbers of Japanese varieties.

In the local classes Mr. Brown, of St. Albans, had
the best collection of Chrysanthemum plants, and Miss
Debenham, Ivy House, St. Albans, was 1st for cut
blooms. Many good exhibits were sent which were
not for competition, Mr, Beckett contributing fine
plants of Chysanthemums, and stands of forty-eight
incurved, forty-eight Japanese, and pompon varieties.

An excellent collection of fruit and vegetables was
shown. Some effective groups were arranged by Mr.
T. Nutting, gi-. to Mr. J. B. Maple, Esq.. Childwick-
bury, President of the Society; by Mr. Emptage, gr.
to J. S. Hill, Esq., Hankswick : Mr. Whitelaw, gr. to
Lord Grimthorpp ; and by Mr. Shaw, gr. to H.
Rokeby Price, Esq.

Messrs. Lane & Son, Great Berkhamstead, exhi-
bited sixty dishes of Apples. Amongst them were
very fine specimens of Prince Albert, Warner's King,
and Lady Henniker.

and very promising variety (First-class Certificate).
From >Ir. Joseph Lowe, Uxbridge, Miss Annie Lowe,
a charming primrose sport from the large Anemone-
fiowered Lady Margaret (First-class Certificate).
From Mr. E. Mizen, Mitcham, Charles Gibson, a
distinct and highly promising bi-onze sport from the
yellow Mrs. Norman Davis, itself a sport from the
white Princess Teck (First-class Certificate). From
Mr. F. W. Flight, Winchester, Agnes Flight, a
charming pure white Japanese — quite a lady's fiower
— very pleasing (First-class Certificate) ; and Alba
fimbriata, a fine white Japanese, of the style of
Elaine, promising to make a very useful exhibition
flower (First-class Certificate). And from Mr. Buss,
Epsom, pompon Osiris, bright rose, the reverse of
the petals pale gold ; of good size and excellent
shape : very free, and highly promising for exhibition
as also for decorative purposes.

From Mr. T. S. Ware came a Chrysanthemum
named Governor of Guernsey, in the way of Peter
the Great. Mr. R. Owen, Floral Nursery, Maiden-
head, had a white variety of the reflexed type named
Mr, Glover (Commended). From Messrs. James
Carter & Co., High Holborn, came an imported
Japanese variety named C. H. Sharman, bright rose,
with a silvery reverse ; and Mrs. Dunnett, a blush-
pink Japanese. From Messrs, Fromow & Son,
nurseryman, Turnham Green, came Mrs. S. A, Lee,
a silvery sport from the incurved Lady Hardinge,
but scarcely distinct enough. Mr. Goulbert, of
Guernsey, sent what was represented to be a sport
from the Japanese Belle Paule, but it is well known
this fine variety varies considerably under cultivation ;
also Mrs. Wheeler, a Japanese of the Comte de
Germiny type (Commended),

The Silver Medal of the Society, offered for twelve
new Chrysanthemeums of the present year, was
again won by Mr, G. Stevens, of Putney, who set up
Putney George, a fine and striking crimson of the
reflexed type ; Ralph Brocklebank, Lord Eversley,
Mr, Wildsmith, a fine white sport from Princess
Teck ; Lady Lawrence, and Mrs. Nicholls. Mr.
Stevens also had a stand of fine flowers of Lord
Eversley. Mr. R. Owen received the Bronze Medal,
having M. Gamier, Mrs. Norman Davis, the golden
sport from Princess Teck, Ralph Brocklebank, Mrs.
J. H. Jones, or the yellow Ethel, &c.

Jlessrs. Henry Cannell & Sons, nurserymen. Swan-
ley, sent some very fine Primula sinensis, among
them Emperor, a pucy-rose coloured flower of large
size and substance (First-class Certificate).

A meeting of the General Committee took place
at the " Old Four Swans," Bishopsgate Street, on the
27th nit., E. Sanderson, Esq., President in the chair.
The Secretary, Mr. William Holmes, announced that
the Marchioness of Downshire had signified her
desire to become a patroness of the Society. The
Secretary also announced that two protests received
by him as arising out of the recent exhibition at the
Royal Aquarium had been dealt with as prescribed
by the rules. Mr, Holmes also announced that the
sum of £286 bs. was a\varded in prizes at the great
show at the Aquarium. Twenty-eight new members
and one fellow were elected, bringing the total up to
470. The annual dinner of the Society to be
held at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, was fixed for
Tuesday, December 13, a sub-committee being ap-
pointed to make the necessary arrangements. Some
other routine business was transacted.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEIVCUM.

NovEMHER 23. — A meeting of the Floral Com-
mittee of this Society took place at the Royal
Aquarium on the above date, there being a large
attendance of members, and it proved one of the
most interesting gatherings yet held. Several very
fine novelties of Chrysanthemums were shown,
especially among the incurved section. From Messrs,
Drover, nurserymen, Fareham, came Japanese
Maggie Mitchell, rosy-salmon and white, a distinct

BANBUBY CHRYSANTHEMUM.

November 23.— The second show of the Banbury
Chrysanthemum, Winter Flower, and Fruit Society
w^as held at the Exchange Hall, and proved of
a very successful character. The entries have
sprung from 208 last year to 276 this, and many
of the competitors came a considerable distance.
Owing to the number of the entries on this occasion,
in arranging the exhibition beauty and etTect had to
give way to utility. Last year, it may be remem-
bered, the platform was adorned in a most artistic
manner with gi'oups of Chrysanthemums and other
plants, in the centre of which the band was placed,
and thus an excellent and imposing effect was
secured. AVith regard to the plants, the show was an
improvement on that of last year, and the schedule of
prizes had been enlarged to a considerable extent,
and special prizes were given by the Mayor, Mr. C.
Neighbour, Mrs. Perry, Mr. A. Johnson, Mr. J.
Boxold, and Mr. H. A. Strange.

In the class for six large-flowered varieties Mr. J,
Green, of Oxford, exhibited some white dwarfs,
beautifully trained. There was no 2nd prize in this
class, and Lord North was 3rd,

696

THE GAB DENE BS' GHBONICLE.

[Decembek 3, 1887.

For six plants, Japanese, Jlr. M. Jeft'eries, of
Oxford, took leading honours, with large and beau-
tiful plants, which included fine samples of Prince
of Orange, Mr. Astie, Sccur Melanie, and St. Michael,
the latter being remarkably good. Mr. Green had
a good collection for the 2nd place, and Lord North
was 3rd.

Jonathan Gillett, Esq., Iiad the 1st prize fora Japan-
ese specimen plant, showing an exceedingly p?-etty
specimen of Hiver Fleuri, which attracted much
attention for the beautiful formation and size of the
blooms. The 2nd prize was awarded to Mr. J. Green
for a plant pyramidally trained.

The pompons were a good show, and for the best
specimen plant Mr. J. Green showed a well trained
example, but the foliage of the 2nd prize one (Mr.
Jefferies) was somewhat thin.

The standards were a new feature, and were a very
good class, the prizes going in the order named-
Mr. Green, Mr. Jefferies, and Lord North.

In the class for groups the 1st prize was awarded
to W. Mewburn, Esij.. of Wykham Park, for a
splendid collection of blooms, and which presented
a very imposing a|)pearance, and certainly reflected
much credit on the .-ibility of Mr. Basket, the gar-
dener. The 2ud prize went to Jonathan Gillett, Esq.,
who took the 1st prize last year. This collection
was not so highly staged as the others, thus follow-
ing the example set at the National Chrysanthemum
Show, and the result was that every bloom almost
could be carefully inspected. The 3rd prize went to
Lord North, and lay between him and Mr. A, Mac-
naughton, of the Vineyard Nurseries, who sent a
very nice group, and who, in the opinion of some,
ought to have had a place.

The cut flowers, more especially the incurved,
were hardly so good or so numerous as last year, but
the season fully accounts for this.

For twenty-four distinct varieties, P. Southby,
Esq., of Bampton, had a remarkbly fine and a well-
grown selection, and took leading honours, followed
by Mr. Allen, Beading, and Mr. Gulliver, of Ayles-
bury, whose exhibits had not the freshness which
characterised Mr. Southby's.

In the nine, F. J. Myers, Esq., was 1st, showing
some new varieties ; Mr. Spokes was 2nd, with some
good colours ; and Viscount Valentia 3rd.

The Japanese bad much to recommend them,
many of the exhibits being very meritorious ; espe-
cially was this the case with the twenty-four shown
by Mr. Southby, in which there was a Gloriosum of
magnificent proportions. He had the 1st prize,
followed by Mr. S. Gulliver and Mr. Jefl'eries.

W. C. Cartwright, Esq., was 1st for twelve, sending
a good stand of blooms, and was closely followed by
the Kev. R. E. Elliott, Farthinghoe, and Mr. J.
Green.

For twelve blooms, i-eflexed, Mr. P. Southby was
1st, exhibiting Golden Christine and a new specimen.
Amy Furze. In Mr. Gulliver's 2nd prize lot there
was a new variety, Ethel De Fraine. The Anemones
were very attractive.

The exhibits for the table of winter-flowering and
foliage plants occupied nearly the width of the hall.
The premier honours here went to Mrs. P. J. Perr)-,
whose collection was tastefully arranged. Lord
North's collection included some beautiful Orchids
and other good plants, and he secured the 2nd prize ;
while the 3rd went to Mr. Jonathan Gillett.

The Primulas added greatly to the appearance of
the tables, which, we may mention, showed with
advantage from the galleries, and the hall was so
crowded that the upper regions were much frequented.
Mr. Macnaughton's epergne arranged with Chrysan-
themums was far and away the most tasteful and
pleasing of the exhibits in this class, presenting a
very light and chaste appearance, and deserved the
foremost place awarded to it. Viscount Valentia
was 2nd, and Jliss Percy, Guy's Clift'e, was 3rd.

The bouquets, if we remember rightly, were more
numerous last year than this, and both the leading
prizes went Warwick way — to Miss Percy and C. G.
Lefroy, Esq., Wellesbourne Hall ; Mrs. Perry
being 3rd.

Fruit. — The fruit classes filled well, and there was
a magnificent array of Ajjples and Pears, and promi-
nent amongst the former were Blenheim Orange and
Nelson's Glory ; the quality, however, was perhaps
hardly up to that of last year. Mr. J. Boxold was
highly commended for a dish of Blenheim Orange,
which were sent for exhibition only, and some of
which, we understand, weighed over a pound. They
were certainly of marvellous size and good colour.
The weight of the dish of Apples was U lb. Uk oz.

Mr. Allen secured the 1st prize for Grapes with
Bome well coloured Muscats ; Colonel Cartwright the

2nd, for some good black Alicantes ; and Mr. Lefroy
a close 3rd, with the same kind.

Tliere was a magnificent show of Potatos, and we
believe it would even have been finer but for the
forthcoming show at Birmingham, to which some
samples have been sent from this neighbourhood.

The Onions, too, were a marvel for size and sym-
metry. R. A. Cartwright, Esq., had the 1st prize ;
the 2nd went to Mr. Southby. for Deverills Cocoa-
nut ; and the 3rd to the Earl of EUesmere for
Rousham Park Hero, so well known in these lati-
tudes.

The amateur classes for Chrysanthemums did not
fill so well as might have been expected, and we
hope that in the future they will turn up in stronger
force, as the cultivation of this popular flower seems
extending in many directions. The show in all
I'espects was of the most creditable character.

sent for competition, as well as those sent only for
exhibition, were well grown and nicely arranged.

The group shown by Mr. G. Elwell were well grown,
but the blooms were not so large as in the other col-
lections.

Tlie cut blooms, which occupied the stage, were
remarkably fine, some of the specimens being ex-
(juisite. Among those who sent flowers not
for competition were Mr. Elt (highlv commended),
Mr. Godfrey, Mr. A. D. Cochrane, Mr. R. Willcock,
and Mr. Prothero. The cut blooms shown by Mr.
Cochrane (Mr. Penrice, gr.). were very attractive.

STOURBRIDGE CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Althoi'qh there was perhaps never a time when
more interest was taken in the cultivation of flowers
it is a remarkable fact that societies in this district
having for their sole object the encour.agement of
fiower, vegetable, and fruit growing have languished
for want of public patronage. The Stourbridge
Society and the Halesowen and Ilagley Society,
which have in the past done so much to create among

CHICHESTER AND -WEST SUSSEX
CHRYSANTHEMUM.

November 24. — This was held in the Corn Ex-
change. The groups of Mr. J. Barnes, gr. to \\. W.
Gibbs, Esq., and of Mr. Alderman Purchase, made
an effective show. Mr. G. Lambert showed well in
specimen plants which gained him a prize. In cut
blooms, open classes, Messrs. "W. & G. Drover, Fare-
ham, excelled, carrying off the 1st prize, also setting
u|) a large number of blooms not for competition.
In the class for cut blooms there was a good display,
the flowers surpassing in size and beauty any observed
at previous shows. The competition for collections
of vegetables consisting of twelve distinct sorts were
well contested, Gen. Hardy, C.B., being 1st, and the
Bight Rev. the Lord Bishop of Chichester 2nd.

Fig. 1.36. — monstrous JIL'SHROOM. (see XOTICES to CORnESPOXDEXTs).

the working classes a love of flowers, have become
extinct. It is, therefore, pleasing to find that the
want caused by the extinction of these two societies
had been to a great extent met by a newly formed
Society, called the Stourbridge, Briei-ley Hill and
District Horticultural Society, in connection with
which it has been decided to hold two shows yearly.
It will be remembered that last year a Chrj'santhe-
nium show was held at Delph, hut although the
exhibition was a most attractive one it was not finan-
cially a success, the result being that the promoters
had to defray the debt incurred. It could not, of
course, be expected that in the face of this loss upon
the first exhibition the management committee
would venture upon another show ; and hence it was
decided, in order to make the Society as comprehen-
sive as possible, to take in Stourbridge and Brierley
Hill.

The first show of the newly formed society, held in
the New Town Hall, Stourbridge, on Tuesday, was
an unqualified success, both financially and as an
exhibition. There have recently been several Chry-
santhemum shows in neighbouring towns, and these
have been much larger than the one at Stourbridge ;
but for beauty and variety of shape and colour of ex-
hibits it has been unsurpassed. The large hall was
filled with the most lovely specimens of this popular
flower, as well as a quantity of other flowei-s, plants,
and fruit. The naturally grown Chrysanthemums
and the fruit deserve special mention, both being ex-
ceptionally fine. The banks of Chrysanthemums

Scotland.

UUYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF
ABERDEEN.

The Annoal Meeting. — The annual general
meeting of the members of this Society was held on
Saturday evening, November 26, in the Music Hall
Buildings, Aberdeen. The annual report, which was
read by the Secretary, Jlr. A. M. Byres, C.A.,
showed a clear surplus of £1 3s. 'id. in favour of the
Society. The Chairman, in moving the adoption of
the report and the year's accounts, said that they
were met that night, for the first time for more than
ten years, in a position to say they owed no man
anything. He referred to the success of the Duthie
Park exhibition, and to obligations under which the
Society lay to the gentlemen who opened the shows —
Lord Aberdeen, SheriffBrown, and Lord Provost Hen-
derson. As to the expenditure of the Society, he said
that while they had drawn a large amount of money
in connection with the Duthie Park show, the ex-
pense was correspondingly heavy, and one very
serious drawback to the Society was the want of a
marquee. The large sum of £41 was placed against
the loan of marquees last year, and he was of opinion
that as soon as the Society had a little money laid

Decembie 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

697

aside, the first thinp: they should do was to purchase
a good marquee. He recommended the Society to
have every year, as was the case in large towns in
the South, an open-air fete in connection with their
exhibitions.

The next business was the appointment of
directors for the ensuing year, Lord Provost Hender-
son beinc elected. Nominations were then made of
gentlemen to serve as directors for the ensuing year,
the following being appointed, viz.: — Gardeners:
Proctor, Devanha House; G. Ross, Cranford ; A.
Grigor, Fairfield ; and W. Ogg, Morken. Market
gardeners: A. Milne, Rubislaw ; A. Mortimer, Tul-
los, Nigg ; G. Taylor, Raeden ; and W. Anderson,
Cornhill. Nurserymen : D. Darling, of Cadno &
Darling; J. Cocker, sen.. Sunnvpark ; A. Robson,
of Smith & Son ; and J. M. Troup, of Ben Reid
& Co. Amateurs: G. Minty, Canal Road; A. Lyon,
Garden Place ; D. Smith, Argyll Plact ; and Dr.
F. M. Moir. Working classes : A. Ewen, Hard-
weird ; A. Gillespie. Jack's Brae ; J. Craigen, Hil-
ton ; and W. ShirefFs, Esslemont Avenue. Mr. A.
M. Byres was unanimously reappointed Secretary.
Mr. A. Robson, in accordance with notice given,
then moved, " That only one show be held in 1888,
on a day to suit the convenience of the exhibitors —
probably in August." The motion, after some dis-
cussion, was agreed to.

Scottish Horticultural Association's Chrysan-
themum Show.

The second Chrysanthemum show of this Associa-
tion was held in the Music Hall, Edinburgh, on the
20th and 30th ult. Regarded from nearly all points
of view the show was a great success. The entries
were in all the classes something over L30, or about
three times the number that were put in on the
occasion of the first show held in December last year,
and which was organised and carried through suc-
cessfully with only three or four weeks' announce-
ment and preparation on the part of the Association.
This season's show is something the Association may
well be proud of. It is representative of many parts
of Scotland, and the splendid cut blooms that were
staged would do credit to any show in the South. The
immense size and perfect development of the Japa-
nese blooms showed unmistakably, that this class is
the most favoured in Scotland at the present time.
They were the feature of the show, in fact, and the
admiration of the public was exhibited by the appre-
ciative crowds that surrounded the tables on which
they were placed on both days of the show. Incurved
flowers were also fine, many enormous in their pro-
portions, but they were less equally good than
the Japanese blooms. Reflexed flowers were less
numerous, and hardly so meritorious in point of
growth and quality. Pompons were poorly repre-
sented, and singles were i^w, and only exhibited in
sprays, for which style of setting up they are parti-
cularly well fitted.

Plants were the weak point of the show. The
entries were pretty numerous, but the plants were
generally too leggy, and bare of foliage below. The
1st prize lot in class 1 were capital samples of what
should be aimed at in growing Chrysanthemums for
either exhibition or home decoration. They were
only about 3 feet in height, furnished with foliage to
the base, staked in a free manner, upright, and well
ilowered. leaving something, however, to be desired
in the size and substance of the flowers.

Although the schedule only provided for Chrj'san-
themnms there was a considerable display of fruit.
Apples were well represented in numerous and
highly meritorious collections sent in by Mr.
Dunn, Dalkeith ; Mr. Brotherston, Tyningham ; Mr.
McKelvie, Broxmouth Park ; Mr. McKinon, Mel-
ville Castle ; and Mr. Day, Garlieston ; the latter
also exhibiting some very handsome Beurr^ Sterck-
mans and other fine varieties of Pears. Each of these
exhibitors received the Association's Certificate for
excellence.

Some snperior samples of Grapes were shown by
some three or four gardenere. Mr. Leslie, Pitcullin,
Perth, showed some perfectly finished Muscat of
Alexandria. Mr. Murray, Parkball, handsomo mag-
nificent Groi Colmar, and a superb bancb of Lady
Downe's, the form and general appearance of which

resembled in its handsome outline, bloom, and even
the form of the berries, a perfect sample of Muscat
Hamburgh. Mr. McHattie, Newbattle Abbey, had
some very superior Gros Colmar, Alicante, and
Muscat of Alexandria ; but the palm in black Grapes
fell to Messrs. "Wm. Thomson & Sons, Tweed
Vineyard, Clovenfords, whose Gros Colmar were
marvels in size of berry, colour, and finish ; their
exhibit consisted of four tray-like baskets tabled in
the precise way in which they send them to market.
The Association's Certificate was awarded to each of
the foregoing exhibitors.

Messrs. Laird & Sons had a fine display of Chry-
santhemum blooms of large size and perfect form ;
Messrs. Thomas Jlethven & Sons a pretty table com-
posed of Crotons and other foliage plants, and a
groundwork of Perns, on which was displayed a
number of choice Chrysanthemum blooms. Messrs.
Dickson & Co. contributed a tasteful table of Ericas,
Soianums, and miscellaneous foliage plants. Messrs.
Jas. Dickson & Sons, a neat table of Chrysanthe-
mum flowers of considerable merit and variety on a
bed of Maidenhair Fern. Messrs. Robertson
Munro & Co. exhibited wreaths of Chrysanthemums
and cut blooms of the same, and a trophy of dried
grasses and dried flowers. Messrs. Todd & Co. had
a very pleasing display, illustrative of various styles
of table decoration, lit up with fairy lamps and
varied with fountains.

Briefly glancing at the prize-list, it may be noted
that the competition was very keen in the leading
classes of cut flowers. This was especially so in the
case of class 10, viz., twelve Japanese and twelve
incurved blooms. The 1st. 2nd, and 3rd prize lots
were so close in their merits, that the judges
had no enviable task in making their awards, and
it were little wonder if there should be some
mutterings of dissent among the three successful
competitors — Messrs. Hepburn, Ericht Bank, Kirn,
Argvllshire ; McHattie, Newbattle ; and Grossart,
Oswald Road, Edinburgh, who obtained honours in
the order named with as fine sets of bloom as could
be wished. In the next class Mr. Grossart was
boldly in advance with twelve remarkably flne
blooms of incurved varieties; Mr. Dorward, Town-
head, Thornhill, Dumfries, being a very good 2nd.

Mr. Hepburn came again to the front in the class
for twelve Japanese, with a very fine lot ; but was
closely followed by Mr. McHattie and Mr. Grossart,
who took 2nd and 3rd position in their order. Mr.
Hepburn again took 1st honours in six incurved
flowers, with Mr. McHattie a close 2nd.

In the next class, six Japanese blooms, Mr. John
Foster. Wellwood Park, Selkirk, was a worthy 1st,
but was closely pressed by Mr. McHattie, in the 2nd
position.

Pompons were rather indifferently represented alike
in numbers and in quality. The 1st prize for twelve
pompons, in six sorts, not less than three blooms to
astem, went to Mr. Foote, Parson's Green, Edinburgh ;
and Mr. Donaldson, Ormalie, Edinburgh, took 1st
position in the class of six pompons.

In the reflexed class, twelve blooms, six sorts,
distinct, Mr. Grossart again came to the front with a
fine lot ; and in six sprays, double flowers, in six sorts,
Mr. W. Copeland, Oswell Lodge, Edinburgh, was 1st
with a heavy lot, which suggested that something
should be done in framing the terms of the schedule
to assist judges and exhibitors in future to arrive at
a conclusion consistent with the object intended by
the committee in introducing these as a class in
competition. Single-flowered sprays were few, but
much more tasteful than the double-flowered ones.
The 1st prize in this class was easily won by Mr.
McMillan, Trinity Cottage, Ferry Road, Edinburgh.

Plants, as we have already said, were the weak
point of the show, but there were still a few remark-
able plants observed. Mr. Robert Cockburn, the
winner of lat prizes in both the classes, six large-
flowered and three large-flowered, showed in his
plants two most desirable points in a Chrysanthe-
mum, viz., com pact dwarf habit and abundant
foliage from top to bottom, along with plenty of
bloom, the latter falling short, however, in point of

size and substance ; but the grower who can pro-
duce such neat, well-balanced specimens without
resorting to the unnatural method of twisting the
branches and tying them down to a framework of
wire, may be expected to combine the highest
quality in the flowers with the other points of
excellence mentioned. Other notable examples
of superior plants were to be seen in the specimen
of Madame Lacroix in the lot of six plants which
was awarded the 3rd prize — Mr. Jardine, Ravel-
ston, Edinburgh^a plant about 5 feet through, and
profusely balanced ; and also in the still more re-
markable specimen from Mr. Carruthers, Hillwood,
Corstorphine, who did not on this occasion enter for
competition, but largely contributed to the attrac-
tions of the show by his exhibit of plants and well-
developed blooms.

The show was opened by Sir Thomas Clarke,
Bart., Lord Provost, assisted by Dr. McGregor and
other gentlemen interested in fostering horticultural
enterprise in Edinburgh.

AVINTER FLOWERS AT TRING
PARK.

Mr. Hill is certainly an adept at growing a
profusion of flowers for any season of the year, but
especially for the winter. In Lord Rothschild's
garden he now has a grand display, of which the
main items may be mentioned : — A large house of
splendidly-bloomed scarlet, white, rose, crimson,
and other coloured Pelargoniums ; a still greater
quantity of winter-blooming Carnations, a profu-
sion of Chrysanthemums, a flne lot of Cyclamen
persicum, cultivated in the very best manner ; a
couple of houses of Poinsettias and Maidenhair
Ferns; a fine lot of Bouvardias, and an equally
well-grown batch of the different varieties of
Calanthe now in full bloom, together with otht-r
Orchids. Plenty of bloom can be got in winter,
evidently, but it requires much forethought,
and careful and consistent culture of the proper
plants.

Cattleyaexoniensis : probably the finest infloresence
of this which has ever been produced is now in
flower in this garden. The last-made growth, which
bears the fluuer-spike, is about 2 feet in height
to the tip of the leaf (1 foot bulb, 1 foot leaf),
and resembles a stout growth of Lselia crispa,
which plant, with Cattleya Mossiee, are generally
supposed to be its parents. No accurate record
of the cross was kept, and some think it a Ljelia
purpurata hybrid. Weak specimens, however, even
more than strong ones, seem plainly to exhibit the
crimping and elongation of the lip observed in L.
crispa. The flower-spike of Mr. Hill's plant is
nearly 18 inches in height, and bears six mag-
nificent flowers. Cattleyas and Lrelias are grown
marvellously well at Tring Park ; among other fine
examples recently flowered, C. gigas with six flowers
on a spike. The Odontoglossuras, too, are in good
order.

©Ijttuars*

ELIZABETH MOORE. — We prreatly regret to have
to announce the death, on the 27th ult., of Elizabeth
Moore, widow of the late Thomas Moore, of the
Botanic Garden, Chelsea, in her seventy-third year.
Mrs. Moore has survived her husband only about
eleven months. The greatest sympathy will be felt
for the only son and other relatives in this particu-
larly sad loss. Mrs. Moore was buried at Brompton
Cemetery on the 1st inst., in the grave marked by
the stone lately placed in memory of her husband by
a few of his old friends and associates.

JANE ATLEE, widow of Eichard Atlee, nursery-
man, Stockwell, and many years gardener to H.
Beaufoy, Esq., South Lambeth, died on Friday, the'
25th alt., in her hundredth year. She had bean a
peniloner of the Gardeners' Benevolent Institution
•ince the year 1804.

698

THE GJEDENERS' GEE ONI CLE.

[December 3, 1887.

The Weather.

MEAN TEMPEKATUKE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING DEC. 10. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THREE YE.AKS.)

Dec. 4 ...

... 41°.3

Dec. 8

. 41°.0

„ 5 ...

... 41°.2

„ 9

.. 40''.0

„ 6 ...

... 41°.2

„ 10

.. 40°.9

„ 7 ... .

... 410.1

Mean for the week

. 41''.0

[jcumulated temperatureindicatesthecombined i
duration of the excess or defect of temperature i
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees— a " Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatube.

Above or
below the
Mean tor
the week
ending
Nov, 28.

Accumulated.

Districts.

"2 .a

Above 42' diEference
from Mean since Jan.

4, 1887.
Below 42° difference
from Mean since Jan.

4, 1887.

Principal Wheat^pro-
ducing Districts.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day- Day-
deg. deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

1 below

7

33

-H 41 — 78

1. SCOTLASD, E. ...

1 above

6

32

+ 68 -H 85

2. England. N.E. ...

1 above

10

23

— 82-1- 121

3. England, E. ...

1 above

12

2S

— 162 + 252

4. Midland Cos. ...

1 above

11

30

— 120 + 248

5. England, S. ...

1 above

22

13

— 208 -1- 217

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

0 (aver.)

9

25

— 92 -)- 102

7. Enqland.N.W....

0 (aver.)

11

21

— 98'-l- 163

8. England, S.W. ...

1 below

22

14

— 160 -1- 234

9. IfiELAND, N.

1 below

12

25

+ 9il + 43

10. Ireland, S.

1 below

16

26

+ 99 4- 146

— CttANNEL Islands

0 (aver.)

30

0

— 123'-)- 85

Rainfall

Bright
Sunshine.

DISTEICTS.

1=

ill

0--

1:1

a

Hi

hi

Hi
1^1

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. SOOTLAKD, N. ...

1 less

211

36.0

16

23

1. Scotland, E. ...

1 less

162

22.4

19

33

2. Englanb, N.E. ...

4 less

149

17.9

14

32

3. Engi^and, E. ...

3 less

143

17.5

16

40

4. Midland Cos. ...

4 less

128

17.5

19

36

6. England, S. ...

1 more

131

19.4

18

40

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

2 more

159

33.3

19

36

7. England, N.W....

1 less

139

21.9

19

36

8. England, S.W....

5 less

136

24.1

25

46

9. Ireland, N.

1 less

163

28.4

27

33

10. Ireland, S.

2 less

137

24.6

29

40

— Channel Islands

4 less

154

21.8

10

49

THE PAST WEEK.

The following Bummary record of the weather for
the week ending Nov. 28, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has continued cloudy or dull gene-
rally, with. occasional but not heavy falls of rain.

" Tjhe tenypcratiirc has not difi'ered materially from-
the meaa; in th^ ! Wheat -producing ' districts it
has been 1° higlier, and in most of the, 'grazing }
districts 1° lower than its normal value. The highest

of the maxima, which were registered during the
latter part of the period, ranged from 52° in ' Scot-
land, N.,' and ' Ireland, N,,' to 5a° in Scotland, E.,'
and 'Ireland, S.' The lowest of the minima, which
were generally recorded either on the 22nd or 24th,
varied from 18° in 'England, S.W.,' and 19° in
'Scotland, AV.,' and 'Ireland, S.,' to 29° in 'Eng-
land, S.,' and 37° in the ' Channel Islands.'

" The rainfall has been slightly in excess of the
mean in ' England, S.,' and ' Scotland, W.,' but less
in all other districts.

" Bright sunshine has been less prevalent than it
was last week in nearly an places. The percentage
of the possible amount of duration varied from 10
in the ' Channel Islands ' and 13 in 'England, S.,' to
25 in ' England, S.W.,' and to between 27 and 29 in
Ireland. At Glasgow and York the percentage was
only 3, and in London 5."

Enquiries.

" He that qtiestioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon.

Vines and Cold. — A correspondent sends us the
following enquiry, which perhaps some of our readers
will kindly answer : — "I should be glad if you
would inform me, through your valuable paper, as to
the following points. I planted five Vines last
spring, which did well, and made nice canes ; but
when the frost came, a month or six weeks ago, I
found one morning two of them with their leaves
flagging. These did not recover, but gradually
withered and fell oft'. The leaves on the other three
Vines are still on them. My opinion is that the
frost ruptured the sap-vessels of tlie canes just out-
side the vinery, ivhere they enter the border, thereby
stopping the flow of sap to the leaves. Do you think
they will, after tliis, start properly next spring?
W. S.B.

Rosa moltiflgea (Poltantha) Doudle-flow-
ered Variety. — Can any one say where this can be
obtained ? (See Bof. Mag., 1059).

Notices to Correspondents.

Azalea ixdica Deutsche Peule : W. D. The
flowers ^vere very fine and large for this or any
other season of the year. There is an agreeable
perfume to the variety.

Books : Suhscriber, Dublin. The one you speak of is
published by Kothschild, of Paris, and may be had
here from Williams & Norgate, 14, Henrietta
Street. Covent Garden, W.C. It has not been
translated into English.

BonvARDiAs : S. P. We cannot, within the limits
of these notices, give you a treatise on the culti-
vation of these plants. They are inmates of the
greenhouse during the cold months, and of cool
frames and the open border in summer, and are of
easy culture. See " Plants under Glass."

Cherries on a North Aspect : JV. S. There
should be no difficulty with the varieties you men-
tion, especially as the soil is hea\'y and sub-
stratum chalky. Possibly the drainage is imper-
fect, and the roots too deeply placed. Try shallow
planting, and examine ^e drainage. Do not use
the knife too freely on the robust branches, or you
will induce that fatal disease, gumming.

Cypripedium insigne: G. W. R. We have seen
such growths before, but we do not know to what
cause they are due.

Dried Specimens of BRITI^ h Plants : C. H. We
think you would do well to advertise your wants.

Exhibiting One Variety of Apple in Two
Classes : G. B. The person who showed Blen-
heim Orange Apple in the dessert class, and like-
wise in the culinary, was sLrictly within his right,
this variety being good for either purpose.

Fuel for a Tortoise Stove in a Small Green-
HocsE : L. I). Still continue to use finely broken
coke, but with the addition of a little anthracite
coal. The small stoves will scarcely burn all-
night without attention. Such a stove as was
figured Last week in our pages would be more
trustworthy."

Horticultural Papjsrs : P. C. F. B., Btnmark.
The Jmmml of Horticulture. 171. Fleet Street, E.C. ;

The Gardeners' Maganne, 4, Ave Maria Lane, E.C. ;
The Garden, 37, Southampton Street, Strand, W.C. ;
The Gardening World, 17, Catherine Street, Strand,
W.C. All these are publislied in London.

Ixvebted Mushroom ; G. W. B. When you remem-
ber what an intricate mass Mushroom spawn is,
you will hardly be surprised at the topsy-turvy
arrangement your specimen presents. It is not at
all uncommon, see fig. 136.

Moss AND Lichen on Fruit and otuee Trees :
D. P. Liraewash, or brine, thrown on the branches
and stem during this season of the year will destroy
these gi'owths. Their presence points to a wet
condition of the soil, which should be remedied
by draining it.

Names of Fruits : J. E. F. 1, Colonel Vaughan ;
2, Cellini; 3, Dumelow's Seedling; 4, Northern
Greening.— i^. iV. 4 and 12, not recognised ; 9,
NapoWon; 10, Glou Mor^eau ; 11, Duchesse d'An-
gouleme ; 13, Beurre Ranee. — J. B. B. 1, Bess
Pool ; 2, Winter Codlin ; 3 and 4, not recognised.

— W. T. We are unable to name the fruit sent.

Names of Plants : J. T. Ardisia crenulata. —
W. W. Cymbidium Mastersii. — J. W. 1, Pteris
serrulata ; 2, Adiantum capillus-veneris ; 3, A.
concinnum ; 4, Pteris argyrea ; 5, A. hispidulum.

— W. K. V. Serioographis Giesbrcghtii. — J. H.
A leguminous plant, but we cannot name it with-
out flowers. — E. S. Probably a seedling form of
Nerine crispa.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

F. & A. Dickson & Sons, Upton Nurseries, Chester
— Forest and Ornamental Trees.

Hogg & Wood, Coldstream and Dunse.N.B.— Nursery
Stock.

Wm. Fell & Co., Wentworthand Fellside Nurseries,
Hexham — Forest Trees, &c.

R. H. Vertegans, Chad Valley Nurseries, Birming-
ham— Specialties, &c.

Thomas Laxton, Bedford — New Potatos.

Martin Grashoff, Quedlinburg, Germany— Seeds ,
&c.

COMMDNICATIOXS .RECEIVED,— Dr. !P.—W. T.. Berlin. — H. H,
D'O.— E. H. C— J. C Didcot (many thanks).— J. R., Paris.
— F. S. & Co.— S. Courtlanll.— L. L., Brussels.- J. H. V.—
Asa Gray.— H, E. Bltton.— G. H.— Eegnier.— T. C— Dr. M.
— E. B.— Harpham & Hoves.— J. B. (too late.)— G. H. D.—
.1. C. & Co.— W. S.— L. N. O.—W. R.— S, P.— R. T. H.—
H. & H.— Walter Davies (please send specimen of work).—
G. W. U.— C. J. B.— .T. T.— H. W. B.— P. G.— E. A. R.—
J. M.— C. S.— W. J. M.— J. W.— N. E. B.— J. G. B.— Thos.
C— W. B.— .T. D.— J. Dav.— W. G.— Oilman— J. W.— S. H.
— M. H.— H. H.
(^ Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or

asking tjtiestions demanding timeand research for their solution,

must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries

current week.

the

Markets.

COJ^NT GABDEN, Becemier 1.
The market very dull, with no alteration. James
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

per dozen 6 (>-24 0

Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0
FicuB elastica. each . 1 ft- 7 0

Alalia Sieboldi. doz. 6 0-18 0
Chrysanthemums,

per dozen 6 0-18 0

Cyclamen, per dozenlS 0-24 0
Cyperus, per dozen . 4 0-12 0
Draceena terminalis,

per dozen .30 0-60 0

— viridis, per doz. 9 0-24 0
Epiphyllum, doz. ... 9 0-24 0
Ericas, various, doz. 9 0-18 0
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6 0-18 0

COT Flowers.- Average Wholesale Prices.

ous. each

2 0-10 0

Marguerites, doz. ..

9 0-J2 0

MjTtles. per dozen..

6 0-12 0

Palms, in var., each

2 6-21 0

Pelargoniums, scar

let, per dozen ...

3 0-- 6 0

Abutilons, 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies. 12 blms.
Azaleas. 12 sprays ...
Bouvardias, per bun.
Camellias. 12 blms...
Carnations, 12 blms.
Chrysanth., 12 bun.
— large, 12 blooms
Cyclamens, 12 blms.
Eucharis, per dozen
(jardenlas. l2 blooms
Heliotropes. ■ 12 spr.
Hyacin,,Rom:,12sp.
Marguerites. 12 bun.
Mignonette, 12 bun.
Karciss., pa per white,
12 sprays

s.d.s.d.

3 0-60
6 0-90
10-16
0 6-10

2 0-40
10-30
6 0-18 0
10-40
13-19
6 0-80

4 0-90
0 6-10
0 9-16

3 0-60
10-30

16-20

Pelargoniums. 12 spr. 0 9-16

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 6-09
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0 9-10

Roses. Tea. per doz. 16-40

— Christmas, doz. 10-20

— coloured, dozen. 2 0- ...

— red, perdozen ...2 0-3 0

— Safrano. dozen... 10-20
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 0-12 0
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0 9-16-
Violets, 12 bunches... 10-16

— French, bunch... 16-20

■ — Fr. Parme, bun. 3 0-50*
White Lilac. French. "
per bunch 6 0-76

Decxmbbb 3r 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHBONIOLE.

Fbuit.— Average Whoi.esai.e Pbioes.

Apples, ^sieve ... 13-36
Plums, |-sieve ... 16-40
Grapes, per lb. ...10-3 0
— Channel Isl.. lb. 0 6-09
Kent Cobs. 100 lb.. ..60 0- ...
Lemons, per case ...13 0-21 0

Melons, each ... 0 6- :i 0

Peaches, dozen ... 2 0- 9 0
Pears, f sieve ... 2 6-60

— French, dozen... 10-16
Pine-apple3,Eng..lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50

Vegetables. — Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per banch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6-2 0
Cucumbers, each ...0 6-10
Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ...
GreenMint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...
Lettuce, per dozen

POTATOS.

1 6- .

s.d. s.d.
Lettuce, Cos., each... 0 3- ...
Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet ... ... 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel... 5 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

,. kidney, percwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 3 0- ...
Tomatos. per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, per bunch... 0 8- ...

its, .505. to 120s. ; Magnum Eonums. 5U.?. to
805. ; Beauty of Hebrons, 100s. to 110s. ; Victorias, lOUs.
per ton.

SEEDS.

London : November ^0. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report to-
day's market firm but quiet. All descriptions of
seeds keep exceedingly steady in value, and for the
time of year a fair business is doing. Red Alsike
and white Clover seeds are without quotable change.
For Trefoil the tendency is upwards. Imported
Italian is strong, the supply of choice seed in France
being apparently exhausted. Sanfoin continues
scarce. Bird seeds are unaltered. Blue Peas and
Haricot Beans realise former rates. Not much
doing in either Mustard or Rape seed.

FROTT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia : Koveniber 30. — Fairly good supplies of
all kinds of fresh vegetables ; trade steady, prices
fair. The Potato trade rather dull, large supplies.
Fruit trade brisk for best samples. Quotations : —
Cauliflowers, 2^. ijd. to 9s. per tally ; Savoys, bs. to
7s. Qd. do. ; Cabbages, 45. to 5s. do. ; Spinach
(winter), Is. ^d. to 2s. Qd. per sieve ; Brussels
Sprouts, 2^. Qd. to Ss. per half-sieve ; Turnips, 25. to
3s. per dozen bunches ; Greens, 25. Qd, to ^. do. ;
Carrots, Is. 6rf. to 2s. Qd. do. ; Beetroots, Is. 'M. to
25. do. ; English Onions, 9s. to lOs. per cwt. ; foreign
do., 7s. Qd. to Ss. 6d. per bag of 110 lb. ; Carrots, 30s.
to 435. per ton ; dessert Apples, 4s. to 65. per bushel ;
cooking, do., 3s. to 6s. do. ; dessert Pears, 7s. to lOs.
do. ; cooking Pears, 5s. to 6s. do.

Stratford : Kove7?iber 29. — Good supplies of
all kinds of produce, and a brisk trade was done at
the undermentioned quotations: — Cabbages, 5s. to
65. per tally ; Savoys, 10s. to lis. do. ; Greens,
25. 6d. to 3s. cwt. ; Turnips, 35s. to 50s. per ton ;
Carrots, household, 455. to 50s. do; do., cattle
feeding, 28s. to 345.. do. ; Parsnips, 9d. to Is. 6d. per
score ; Mangels, 16s. to 20s. per ton ; Swedes, 2l5. to
25s. do.; Onions, Belgian, 7s. to 85. per bag; do.,
German, Ss. Qd. to 9s. per case ; Watercress, Qd. per
dozen ; Apples, 4s. to 9s. per pad ; do., 2s. to 75. per
bushel ; Pears, 3s. to 6s. do. ; Celery, Is. to Is. 2d.
per roll ; Carrots, 2s. 6^^. to 3s. per dozen bunches ;
Turnips, 25. 6d. to 35. do.

POTATOS.

BoHOUGH AND Spitalfields ; November 28. —Rather
large arrivals, and principally of second qualities,
which sold unevenly, and in some cases lower. Best
samples upheld their value. Quotations: — Regents,
6O5. to 105s.; Hebrons, 8O5. to 110s.; Magnum
Bonums, 50s. to 90s ; Champions, 45s. to 75s. ; Dutch
Rocks, 50s. ; German Reds, 60s. to 70s. per ton.

Colombia (East London) : November 30. — Quota-
tions:— Beauty of Hebron, SOs. to 100s. ; Magnums,
50s. to 75s. ; Regents, 60s. to 80s. ; Victorias, 55s.
to 70s. per ton.

Stratford : November 29. — Quotations : — Scotch
Regents, 75s. to 90s. ; Magnums, 85s. to 95s. ; best
English do., 60s. to 80s. ; Fenland do., 45s. to 55s.
per ton.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 89s. to 985. ;
inferior, 65s. to 82s. ; hay, prime, 70s. to 92s. (\d. ; in-
ferior, 45s. to 75s ; and straw, 27s. to 40s. per load.

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse.
T STEVENS AND CO. direct supply truck-

fj • load of 2 tons. £1; in La^s '20, Us.; 40, 25s., bags
included, all free on to rail. Cash -with orders.

Greyhound Yard, and 153. High Street, Battersea. S.W.

Ad Valorem-' ACCORDING TO VALUE "-Our Motto*

JAMES'S

BLACK DRESS

FABRICS.

any part of the World

WILL EECEI\E, not little scraps, so
minute as to render impossible a judg-
^„ meut of their quality and value, but

'I? LAKGE PATTERNS, enabling them with

ease to NOTE THEIE MAKE, and
ASCERTAIN THEIE VAXUE, BY
CoaiPABISON.

I A r\|pO ARE ASKED to keep the Patterns

■~*» L^ I d O .several days, and place them alongside
the Products of any Firm in the Universe,
;)£: ('DMPARISdN BEING THE ONLY

TRt'E TEST OF CHEAPNESS.

I A n I P Q ^'^^ NOTICE that every Pattern has
^f^ Li/ I & O a small portion marked in crayon, WHICH

THEY ARE REQUESTED TO CUT OUT

and ret.iiu. so as to ENSURE, to their
^ satisfaction, the goods ordered being

IDENTIC.U.LY THE SAME as the

Patterus.

only BLACK DRESS MATEEIAXS and
SERGES are sent, to find such a large
variety in this one class of goods, and tlieir
Detail will, it is hoped, PROVE INTER-
j. ESTING, as not only is the WIDTH of the

vf material GIVEN, but the WEIGHT PEE

YARD also— helping thus to the " TEST
OF VALUE."

All Parcels Carriage Paid.

I A m P Q "'" ^° DELIGHTED at the GET IT
^r^ L^ I d O of these patterns, nothing of the kitid hav
incj ever beat attempted before, and the
variety will befoimd as charming as it is
comprehensive, embracing almost every
known kind of material, from the homely
^ Serge to the exquisitely finished produc-

tions of French Artists, all classified and
arranged in book form, elegant enough in
their outward cavers to grace a lady's
boudoir.

*

Telegram

I'atterus by Return of Post, FREE to any
part of the World.

JAQUES & JAQUES,

NOETHGATE HOUSE,

DARLI NGTON.

Please name this paper.~\

[r..'ablis/iedl872.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals. _

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown librous ... 55. jier sack, 5 sacks for 225. 6rf.

PEAT, best black fibrous ...4s. lid. „ 5 sacks for 20j.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 7s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 35*.

LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST (Is. per bush., 3s. per sack

LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... ( (sacks included).

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush., lis. half-ton, 2is. ton.

RAFFIA FIEEE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Bd. lb. ; 28 lb., 18j.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., is. per sack.

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-1 IN Bags.

TILISER (the Best Food for ( ■ ^

all kinds of Plants. Flowers. ("Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruits, \-egetabIe3, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- .V- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CHRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VmOIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/-

RUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANES, PERUVIAN GUANO,
NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHAKCOAX, &c.

PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and
Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales. Gs. each.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubbs special process),
sacks, Is. 3d, each ; 10 sacks, lis.: I.t sacks, 15s.: 20 sacks, 18s.;
30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. : Truck-load, loose, free on raU,
28s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated,
iu sacks only. 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.
(Bankers, I'Mon Bank of London.)

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FEKRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

PEAT and BAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 105. per yard. In bags at 2s. Qd. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat, 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 75. 6rf. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine. 135. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Famboro' Station, Hants.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

Peat of first- rate quality, suitable for

ORCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,

FERNS,

and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the sack, or by the yard ; also first-rate
PEAT MOULD.— For printed particulars, apply, D. CAMEEON,
Forester. Mount Mascal Estate. North Cray, Foot's Cray, Kent.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT.— Excellent for Heaths aiid general use, 75. per yard,
4s. per sack. Orchid (specialite), finest selected Fern fibre,
6s. lad. per sack. Rhododendron, 10s. per ton ; not less
than 5 tons.

LOAM. — Good fibrous, 135. per too, Is.^d. per sack.

LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.

SILA':ER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. 6rf.
and 85. per ton.

SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh, 6s.6rf. per sack.

GRAVEL. — Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths,
85. 6rf. per ton.
The above prices are the lowest ever offered to growers, and

will be in force three months only.

GATERELL & SON, Feat Merchants, Blngwood.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS. FEENS, RHODODENDRONS.

and other choice Plants.

The Best in the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London, E.G., continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have NO Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

by innumerable unsolicited Testimonials. Rhododendron PEAT.
LEAF-MOULD. LOAM, SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NtJT
FIBRE. CHARCOAL, &c.. and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials,

EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS,,

CARSON'S PAIINIT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergv, for all kinds of

OTJTDCOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials. Post-free.

LA BELIX SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C.

BACHELOK'S WAiK, XlVBim .—Discount firr Cash.

700

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[December 3, 1887.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best qualitt/, as supplied to the Roi/al Gardens, J^c.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. 10 sacks for 10s., 15 for

U.t., 2nforl8.5.,30for26s. ; two ton truck, 25s, Freeon rail.
RUSSIA MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT. 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 6s. per sack, 5 for 22s. id.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 4s. id. per sack, 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, l.s. 6a!. per bushel; 14s. *-ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 3s. per sack. [25s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3.5. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
KAFFIA. LABELS. STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM, MOSS, 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack.
SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each Sd. per lb.

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

VINE and FRUIT BORDERS and
ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES, &c.

Replenishing, Potting, and Renewing Season.
The best permanent Fertiliser is W. & Son's

"LE FRUITIER," £16per ton

Best BONES, pure new crushed, dust to J inch. £8 Ws.
Best Yellow Fibrous LOAM, White WOOD and PEAT ASHES.
Rough Lump CHARCOAL. PEAT, SAND. COJIPOSTS. MATS.
RAFFIA. TOBACCO PAPER. NETS. INSECTICIDES, MAN-
URES, &c. Samples and prices post-free.

WOOD & SON, Wood Green, I.ondon, N.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 18.59 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft^water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. id.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
■wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and 1,«,, from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CAJS'DLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

ARDEN MATS, LOAM, &c.— New Arch-

angel MATS (large size), 10s. per bundle of ten mats;
Large Heavy Russian, 7s. id. perdozen. Yellow Fibrous LOAM.
Silver SAND (coarse and fine), Brown Fibrous PEAT, at lowest
prices, by the ton or truck. RAFFIA, 7s. id. and 9s. per
dozen pounds.— BRINKWORTH axd SONS, Reading.

OR SALE, a valuable HERBARIUM, the

collection of a noted Botaninst, containing nearly 35,000
specimens, of which 9500 (American) are mounted, and the
remamder, from all parts of the globe, in papers. The speci-
mens are named by best authorities— Gray. Torrey. Watson.
Engelmann, Chapman, Hooker, Benthami &c. Many were
received direct from describers and discoverers. The Foreign
Collection would be desirable for a College of Pharmacy. Price
£400 for the whole, or £320 for the American. For further in-
formation address P. V. LE ROY, care of .7. M. Thorburn &
Co., Seed Merchants, 15, John Street. New York. U.S.A.

''PO FLORISTS and HORTICULTURISTS.

-L —A large quantity of 4-inch Iron Hot-water PIPES and
FITTINGS have been removed in consequence of alterations at
the North Surrey District School, Anerley. The Managers
invite offers for same, and for a quantity of OLD IRON.

To be seen on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of the
School.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL. PETERSBURG, and PACKING
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH. RAFFIA. PEAT
LOA.M. SILVER SAJJD and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & UO.. 129, Oommerclal Street,

Spitjlfields, London. E

EW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA

MATS of all descriptions. RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
KAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9 and
10, James Street, Covent Garden. W.C.

J To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and FlorlBta.
BLACKBURN and SONS are offeringArch-
• angelMatslowerthananyotherhouseinthe trade; also
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bajs. Ralfia Fibre. Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free —4 and 5. Wormwood Street. E.C.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
PETERS and SONS, 44, Tenter St., South,

Goodman's Fields, London, E., are now selling, at
y Low Prices, New Season's best quality heavy full-
Anlnngel MATS; alw SI. IMer.sburg MATS, Packing
.« „.,HB,,,r,r,. "---„ application lo al»ve address

w

MATS, and RAFFIA.

N°E*T^i?l^s. RICBY, WAINWRICHT & CO.,

HOTHOUSE I .■^r.i.^'rFACTriums.

BHADIN03. [ Neptune Works, Manchester.

niT';;^77T, I COTTON WOOL and WADDING for Florist!

TIFFANY, land Nurserymen. Sond for Samples and Prices.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window CASES,

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA FIBRE.

SPECIAL QUOTATION.S on APPLICATION.

JAMES tT^A^TDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to ani/ London .Station

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

CAVES, WATERFALLS. WIXDCJW BOXES. AQUARIA.
ARTIFICIAL ROCKWORK for Ballrooms. Halls. Staircases,
&c.. temporarily erected and constructed, under personal
superintendence of

HARI'HAM AND HOWES.

Horticultural Depot, 107, Church Street, Edgware Road, N.W.

Estimates and Illustrated List^s Free.

13§ by ^ for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/-

or 300 squares 1.5 ounce, 8 by 6

13 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6

or 250 squares 8^ by 6^, or 22(

14 „ 10 „ 13/- „ 19/-

squares, 9} by 6J, or 170 squares

9 by 7^, or 150 squares, 10 by 8,

12 „ 12 „ 13/- „ 20/-

for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders

18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/-

Glass cut to anv size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd, per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. KOBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE.

14, Moor Lane. Cripplegate, London, E.C.

" Now for the golden, wine of English meadows !
A cool, deep, sparkling beaker of liquid topaz
Nor Reims, nor Rhine can match !"'

fRADE 1 WIOTT & CO.'S

CELEBRATED LEICESTERSHIRE
COWSLIP WINE,

of the fine 1SS7 vintage, is now p.Tfe.'t.
G.ii.T> M.'dnl, London.
>Jfy^/?/CTHOR0UGHLY (itNUiNK Wine. Pale.
brilli;int, sliglilly sparkling, exquisite
colour, delicious flavour; not too sweet.
Largely used for Dinner, Supper,
Dessert, Balls, and Picnics.
Excellent Nerve-soother for Neuralgia or Toothache.
Sold by Wine Merchantsand Grocers throughout Great Britain.
ExPORTELi to America, China, Australia. &c.
Pamphlet and List of Agents, post-free.
Price 16s. per dozen, ca.<«, &c. included. Carriage paid on

two dozen.
MOTT & CO., Wine Merchants, LEICESTER.

R

WATERPROOF TREE LABELS,

:iuJ all qualitie> uf

DIRECTION LABELS,

for Nurserymen, Seed&men, and Florists.
Samples and PRICE LIST on application.

PORTABLE CTJCTJMBEB FRAMES.

H A L L I D A Y and CO. deaire to

draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p^^vinir ( 3 10 0
3-lightframe, 12feetby6feetV„^^f7|J 5 5 0
6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet \ ^^^^ "^^^ | 10 0 0
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pita at proportionately low prices.

B. HALLIDAY &

Hothouse Builders ami Engiue
ROYAL HORTICtlLTUK.iL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

M.INCIIESTEK.

London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,

2, HoUoway Road, N.

W. H. LASCELLES &. CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHHX ROW, LONDON, E.C.

CO.,

"■-""■"-■"•aiai.

FISHER, CLARIS & CO.,
LABEL MANUFACTtlRERS. BOSTON'. LlNCOLNSHlnE.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. ivill Rive Estimates for ever
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, tree of charge, an
send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in variou
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunhill Row, London, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, an
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stage;
sent post-free on application.

When you Require a NEW DRESS
Write for Patterns, POST-FREE, of

ROBINSON
SELECT

The Court Journal

& CLEAVER'S

Every dress piece is guaranteed
the best, and anv length will be
cut at WHOLESALE PRICE.

DRESS
MATERIALS,

" Kobinson & Cleaver have
obtained considerable reputa-
tion on account of the judg-
ment they display in the selec-
tion of patterns by which the
diflBcnlty of making a choice,
so often experienced, is re-
duced to a minimum."

They effect ft saving of 25 per Cent., and render
DISTANCE NO OBJECT.

Patterns jost-free.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER,

BELFAST.

DSCEMBEB 3, 1887.]

THE OABDENESS' CHRONICLE.

J-Ol

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., coustructfa on our improved plan, are the

perfectiou of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the vert best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens desiLrned architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the sm;illest to tlie lurge^t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes. &c^ always in stock.

I-'luns, Estimates iutd Catalogues free. Customers waited an in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-»»'en.
CHAMPAGNE, "GEVENCEY," 30/-°o«"

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c

'15

1^

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Welllnffton Street, Strand,

LONDON. W.O.

1887.

Months,

Please send me " Thb Gabdenebs' Chronicle " for

commencing ,for which I enclose JP.0.0. .

@° Please Note tliat all Copies sent Direct from tills Office must be paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KIKGDOM :— 12 Months. 16s. ; 6 Months, 7s. M. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9i. : Post-free.
FOREIGN SUBSOKIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6d.
Receipts for lees than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. ^

P. 0.0. to be rfiade payable at the Post Office, i i

No. 42, DBUBY LANE, London, to W. BICHAB.DS.
Cheques should be crossed " DE.UMMOND."

Deo. 3, 1887.

GAEDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mate, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

THOMAS'S

FiniNGS FOR WIRING WALLS

Straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.
Aa illustrated above. prii;e ."is. 3d. per doz.
■iiij? Eyes.— No. 631. Termina Holdfasts.— No. 632.
r^ No. 6.32a. (El

lOj »al^ Per doz.

raa 2b.

2 2} 3 3J inches. c-cgV 2S. 6d.

3d., 4d., 5d., 7d. per doz. . ^iifiB»l«#l

Best Galvanised Wire, is. 3d., is. 6d., is. 9d.

per 100 yards.
niustrated CATALOGUE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C;
Works: 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Iron»vork. Wc*od, or Stone.

tered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be

applied cold by any ordinary labou

CA UTION.

Every Cask bears the above
-Registered Trade Mark. Beware
of cheap imitations.

HILL & SMITH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin,

20x15

20X16 V.
(7 22X16 -^^
24x16 C^i
20x18
22x18
21X18

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes
3d8 and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
C^lasa Articles, can be obtained from

GEOBGE FASUILDE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUK MERCHANTS.

7Q^

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembek 3, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

4 Lines

5 „

6 „

7 „

8 7,

9 „

10 „

11 „

12 „

13 „

14 „

Head Li

£0 3

r charijed d

0 I 15 Lines

16 „

17 „

18 „

19 .,

20 „

21 „

22 „

23 „

24 „

25 „

0 9
0 9
0 10
0 10
0 11
0 11
0 12
0 12
0 13
0 13

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two ColumDa, the lowest charge will be 20s.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30:

Page. £<<: H.ilf Pnge. £1 Ills.; Column. £3.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 worils, iuL-luiling name ami aJilress, Is tirf..
and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST

This scale does not apply to announcements oE Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ujftces, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current xoeek MUST reach the Office by

Thursday mon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kinodo.m : 12 Months, 153. : 6 Months,

7s. 6d.: 3 Months, 33. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 Mouths; India and China 19s. 6d.

PostolHce Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE. W.C, to W. Richards.

PoBLiSHivG Office and Office for Ad\erti'<emems

41 ^^ ellmgton Street Mran I London \\ t

FAWKE^ blo«-oombub-
tionllClTINC VPPUliTUs
-Fourth si-asov — numerous im
portant improvements introluce 1
Most efficient and cheapest in ex
iatence. Requires no sunk stokehole
and no brick setting Will K t all
night without attention Will burn
house cinders therefore co ts next to
nothing for fuel Any one can fix it
A domestic servant can stoke it
Boilers Delivered Carriage Paid
from £2 10s

Numb

all <

r th

Slow

„/.

country.

Only
Combustion Ap-
paratus of the

Bewa
efficient
plete Apparatus
which rcdl not
last all night

Full particulars
and Prices of
every sized Ap-
paratus, and
numerous Testi
menials for last

showing enorm

free on applica
tion.

CROMPTON & FAWKES,

CHELMSFORD.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

t-in. Expansion . I I ll"f " ,t, r li|--, '. t long,

4-iu Socket llut-n.iKT I'U"-. '.•l.-t lung, isAjd. each.
Full Illustrated ItcvLSal J 'ncc IiiC on applieatum. .

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE

HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

This is the simplest,
heapest, and most
powerful apparatus
made. It requires no
trick setting, no stoke-
hole, and no hot^water
titter for fixing. The
" the

^o that thewholeotthehea'tfrom the Boiler
itself is utilised. It bums over twelve
_ hours without attention, at a nominal cost.

Price, as engraving, with Boiler, open feed syphon, 12 ft. of
4-inch hot- water pipe, and patent joints, complete, £4 4^.

Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.

Cost of apparatus COMPLETE for Greenhouses as below

delivered free, with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

ft. ft.

£ s. d.\ ft. ft.

I ft. ft.

10 X 6... 4 14 0 I 16 X 9... 5 10 8(25x12... 6 16 8

12 X 8... 5 1 0 I 20 X 10 ... 6 0 0 | 40 X 16 ... 13 12 4

Profwrtionate prices for other sizes. Estimates free.

Illustrated List, with full particulars of the'^e and every

description of Fuel, Giis. and Oil H.-atin;; Stoves fn-.'.

DEANE & CO.,

HoRTici'i/ruKAL Guilders and Hot-watf.k Knuinkkrs,-'

"^■^eTt!"^^" LONDON BRIDGE.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !

ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHDl SES ll.-ati-.l i4 Hours for
about One I'.-iinv, ivithoiit attention. ROBERTS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTfA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenliouses. Bedrooms. &c. Pamphlets, Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

^HE ABO\ E and many other PATTERNS

- are mil m m it rials of gre.at durability. The plainer
rts are specially suited for
jiklKlLEN GARDEN!
\ harbour
lecta take up littU
1 once put down
further labour or expense,

grown" E<"_'
qucntly being much cheaper.
GARDEN V ASES FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S,E. ; King's Koad, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Koad, E.

Agenta for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAJIES,
PLANT COVERS, and PKOPAGATINQ BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, Sec,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Desipn, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.

Larders. Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved find other Stable

Pavinc of great durabiiity. Wall Copill>:•^. Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great van.-ty. Slates. Cement. &c.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

AND,

> by post, per Ton

Q I L V Ji K

K3 fine or coarse grain as desired.

or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from

Pita to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.

FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.

KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest riitea iu oi
quantities,

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

CAMOMILE PELLS.

onfulently

\plc but certa

• ended a
■medyfu.

^:;; INDIGESTION;-"^

See Testimonial, selected from hundreds:—

CROYDON, 1 83$.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, 1 am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
"J. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magasines.
Sold everywhere, price is. iW., 2s. gd. and lis.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GEATEFUL-COMFOE'nNQ.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Injuries to Special Constables.

The Directors of the

RAILWAY PASSE^;GEK1S' ASSURANCE
COMPANY have agreed that gentlemen holding their
Policies of Assurance against ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS
shall be covered against risk of assault in thedischarge of their
duty when acting as Special Constables, without extra charge.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Office, 61. Cornhill.

FRANCIS MOORE'S ALMANAC, besides
the usual Calendar, contains a full account of the
Eclipses and Astronomical Phenomena of the Year, Lists of the
Members of the Government, Houses of Parliament, Bankers,
Public Offices and Institutions, a List of the Principal Business
Fairs throughout England and Wales, Postal and other useful
Information. Price tW.
The STATIONERS" CD.. Stationers' Ilall, Ludgate Hill, E.C.

Dr. Smiles' New Work.

LIFE AND LABOUR: or, Characteristics of
Men of Industry, Culture, and Geniu-!.
Post 8vo. 6s., now ready.
Works by the same Author.

MEN OF INVENTION AND INDUSTRY.
Tost 8vo. 6s.

JAMES NASMYTH, Engineer. An Auto-
biography. With Portrait and 90 Illustrations. Post
8vo. 6s.

LIFE OF GEORGE STEPHENSON. Large
Svo eilition, lllustrateil, 21s. Crown 8vo edition, IlliK-
tratp.l, "s. lid. Smaller Edition, with Portrait, 2s. 6rf.

LIVES OF THE ENGINEERS. Illustrated
by 9 Steel Portraits, and ;il2 Engravings on Woo'l.
5 Vols. 7s. 6rf. each.

TNDUSTRIAL BIOGRAPHY.

X Post Svo. 6s.

DUTY: with Examples of Courage, Patience,
an.l Eiulurance. Post Svo. 6s.

SELF-HELP : with Examples of Conduct
and Perseverance. Post 8vo. 6s.

CHARACTER: a Book of Noble Character-
istics. Post 8vo. 6s.

THRIFT: a Book of Domestic Counsel.
Post Svo. 6s.

T IFE OF A SCOTCH NATURALIST.

-L> With Portrait and Dhistrations by George Keid, R.S.A .
Post Svo. 6s.

LIFE OF ROBERT DICK. With Portrait
etched by Eajon, and numerous Illustrations, mostly by
the Author. Crown Svo. 12s.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

The L§dy

Decesiber 3, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

703

THE ORCHID ALBTOI (Williams).- 6 Vols.,
complete, rinite new, for disposal nt retiuced price.
WM. LEIGHTON. Seed Mercliant, 89, Union Street. Glasgow.

EVUE de THORTICULTURE BELGE

et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Eeview)— 13th year. — Among the principal Contributors are : —
A. Allard, E. Andre, C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Crepin,
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck. J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliveira,
H Urt-nes, E. Pynaert. E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert
Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van VoUem, H. J. Veitch, A West-
mael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 21 pages, Svo, vnth two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom :— One year
14s. pavablp in advance.

Publishing Office : 134, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
Ghent.

WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER; no
fiimilv. Wife to undertake Dairy. Must have
recently fiileil similar situation. Cottage provided, no fuel. —
Appiv first bv letter, stating age and wages asked, to JOHN
ARKCOLL. Foley House, Maidstone.

WANTED, an experienced practical MAN, to
Grow Ro-es, Ferns, Tuberoses. Azaleas, Flowering
Plants, &c., for JIarket. Must be skilful in the above, and
able to take Charge of a Branch Nursery.— Full particulars,
with references, wages required. &c., to JAMES WINGFIELD,
Widmore Hill Nursery, Bromley, Kent.

ANTED, a Young MAN, as Second Man

in Garden, to take Charge of Three Small Houses.
Must have competent knowledge of Orchids, also of Stove and
Greenhouse Plants. None need apply without good references.
— State wages, and send references as to character and ability,
to Rev. J. P. WAY, Warwick.

ANTED, a young MAN, for the Houses.

Age about 25. Catholic. Must be steady, active, and
good workman. —ANDREW ROCHE, The Gardens, Cossey
Hall. Norwich.

WANTED, in a Wholesale House, a Young
Man, as ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. Must write a good
Plain Hand, and be used to parcelling. —Apply by letter only,
addressed ASSISTANT. Sir. Alfred Legertou, Seed Merchant.
5, Aldgate, E.

"A^X^ ANTED, MANAGER, or MANAGERESS,

VY without family, for Horticultural Depot and Fruit
Business.— Experience in Florist's Business and Books indis-
pensable; must be highly recommended. Three unfurnished
rooms on premises, if desired. — Apply, with particulars and
salary expected, to RALPH CROSSLING, Penarth Nurseries.
South Wales. ^

ANTED, a young LADY, for Florist's

stall in North London.— References and salary to S.
, Stimifor.l Hill Nursery. Amhiirst Park. N.

w

GARDENING APPOINTMENT.

Mr. Henry Gadd, late Foreman at Stoke
Place, Slough, Bucks, has been appointed Head
Gardener to Lieut.-Colonel Inglis, Eastcote
Hall, Eastcote, Pinner, Middlesex,

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, aiid
Others. — It is very important in Remitting b>/ Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable to A'o. 42. DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made par/able at a particular officf., and
to a particidar person, it is impossible to prevetit any person
into whose hands it may fall from iiegotiating it.

N.B. -The best afid safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addressed " Poste Resta?ite" to initials or to fictitious
names are not forwarded, but are at once rettir/ied to the
writers.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many

Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
jjostmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they zvish repeated.

ICH ARD SMITH and Ca

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
■will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

O C O T C H GARDENERS.

lO —Jows DoWNiE (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
Seedsman, 14-t, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH G.tRDENERS, waiting re-
engagements. He will be pleased to supply full particulars
to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STKWARDS, BAILIFFS, Or G.A.RDENERS.

JAMKS CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn. W.C.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cow.in), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another M,AN, who, in addition to bt'ing
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Largo
Establishments.

GARDENER (HEAD).~Age 39, married; for
the last eight years to the late Archbishop Beresford, of
Armagh. Well recommended. England preferred.— THOJLIS
SHEASBY, Castle Dillon, Armagh.

GARDENER (Head), where four or five are
kept.— Mr. R. Pakkkr. Inipney Gardens, Droitwich,
would be pleased to recommend his Foreman to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a thorougli practical Gardener.

GARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly practical
in all branches of Horticulture and Management of
large establishment. Highest references.— H. IKELAND,
15. Elgin Terrace. Maida Vale. W.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle-
man requiring the services of a thoroughly practical
trustwortliy man. Good references.— E. H. BRADLEY. Head
Gardener to A. Holden. Esq., Woodlands, Bradford.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen

years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Flowers, and Vegetables; also Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character and testimonials. Charles Arthur Tolley.
—Apply. Mr. CYPHER, Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham.

p ARDENER (Head); age 32, married, no

vT family.— W. J. Ireland, late of Nostell Priory, and
previously with the Marquis of Headfort, is open for re-eiigage-
meut. Thoroughly conversant with all matters relative to
Horticulture. Left at own request. Testimonials of the
highest order. — Leasgill, Milnthorpe, Westmoreland.

GARDENER (Head), where two orthree Under
Gardeners are kept.— Age 45 ; an excellent all-round
Gardener, of long practice, would be glad to meet with a
situation. High wages not desired; moderate wages accepted.
—Letters to be addressed to F. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Head) ; a^e 30.— Mr. Jaques,
Gardener to the Biiron T. ■!■ T;-(!i-. IiiM, Wadde^don
Manor, Aylesbury, will be gl.)'! : 'h^' 1 In any Noble-
man. Lady, or Gentleman a (I ■ ■ ' X!'. !:■ n.-c<l manin all

branches, as Head Gardener. 1 m ■ ,.■ ;.i-, Im.ii' \rars principal
Foreman at Waddesdon, previou>;, m Jii-. lii^LLe tlie Dnke of
Sutherland's Gardens, and other k-adiag places.- A. WILLIS,
Waddesdon.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 33, married, one
child (age 7).— Stephen- Davis, Head Gardener to
Captain Drummond. EnderbyHall, Leicestershire, is at liberty
to engage with any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentlemen requiring
the services of the above. Nineteen years' experience in large
establishments, seven and a half in present situation. Leaving
through the Hall being let. Highest references may be had in
London, Canterbury, or HuddersHeld.

GARDENER (Head Working).- Age 36,
single; good experience in well Irept establishments.
Seven years in last situation. Good references. — J. B., " Horse
and Groom," East Acton, London, W.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37,

married, no family; tlioroughly practical in every de-
partment. Over three years' good characterfrom last situation.
— J. D., School Street, Higher Brinksway, Stockport.

ARDENER (Head Working); middle-aged,

married. — A GENTLEMAN wishes to recommend a
thoroughly industrious, trustworthy, and good Gardener, who
has served him eighteen years. Good Kitchen and Flower
Gardener. Orchard, Plant-houses. Forcing, &c. — J. O. B..
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ARDENER (Head Working, or Single-

HANDED). — Married ; fifteen years in last situsitiou.
Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches.
—CHARLES CAPLING, Bedhampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Head Working), where tv/o
or three are kept, or good Sixgle-hakded.— Age 27;
well up in all branches. Fir.-t-cla^s character.- WILLIAM
COLLINS, Welcombe House Gardens, Stratford-on-Avon.

ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).—

Age 36, married; experienced. Nine years with last
employer. Understands Herbaceous Plants, modern Bee-
keeping, &c.— ALPHA, Wm. Etherington, Swancombe, Kent.

ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).—

Age 30. married, no family ; understands Fruit. Flowers,
Vines, Kitchen Garden. Good reference. Also UNDER GAR-
DENER; understands general working, — B. GLENSIDE, Felix-
stowe, Suffolk.

GARDENER (Head), where two or more
are kept, or FOREMAN in a good establishment.— Good
references from past and present employers.— J. ROBINSON,
Wootton Park. Ashbourne, Derby-hire.

GARDENER (goodSiNGLE-HANDED), or where
two are kept.— Age 28. married, no family; fourteen
years' experience.— G. S., 31, Nascot Street, Watford, Herts.

i^^ ARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise).

VJT — Age 23; eleven vears' experience, and good character.
Total abstainer.— T. H. WORLD. Puddletown, Dorchester.

ARDENER (Second), in a good establish-

ment. — Age 29 ; experienced Inside and Out. Good
testimonials.— H. C. 10, Campden Street, Kensington, W.

a ARDENER (Under, or Third).— Married,
no family ; well up in all Outdoor Work.— Mr. J. LOWE,
The Gardens, Strensham Court, Tewkesbury.

GARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN,
in the Houses. — Age 20; good character. — C. M.
SMITH, Shenton. Nuneaton.

FOREMAN in the Houses, in a good esta-
blishment.— Age 25 ; eleven years' experience in all
branches. Well recommended.— E, ASHWELL. The Gardens,
Newlands Park, Sydenham, S.E,

FOREMAN (Working). — Eighteen years'
experience. Good Propagator and Grower. Well up in
Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, and Floral Decorations. Good
reference. — H. J., Barkby, near Leicester.

FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN.— Age 26 ;
ten years' good practical experience at home and abroad.
Bothy preferred. Good references.— WM. E. EVERINGHAM.
16. St. Paul's Terrace, York.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER of Plants, &c.,

for Market. — Fifteen years' experience. — A. Z.. Gar-
deners' Chronicle Olfice. 41. Wellington Street Strand, W.C.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER, in a good

Nursery.— Age 24 ; eleven years' experience. Good
references.- Please state particulars to E. C. 4, Ebenezer
Road, Child's Hill, N.W.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22;
eight years" practice under glass.— F. LANGRIDGE, The
Gardens, Rolleston Hall, Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire.

OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, with Florist
or private establisliraent.— Age 24 ; good character.-
H. B.. Mr. T. Wells, Barkby, near Leicester.

JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER, in a good
establishment. — Age 21 ; seven years' experience Indoors
and Out. Can be well recommended. — A. PAYNE, Worth
Hall, near Crawley, Sussex.

IMPROVER. — Eighteen months in present
situation; leaving through establishment breaking up. A
Frimium will be given.— T. PHILLIPS, Castleward Garden.
Downpatrick, Ireland.

npO NURSERYMEN and MARKET

X GROWERS.— Wanted a situation. Age 23. Thorough
practical knowledge of Plant Growing, Propagating, &c. Good
character. Can be well recommended.— RICHD. LAWRENCE,
Sherrymere Hill, Merriott, Crewkerne, Somerset.

PUPIL. — A Gentleman wishes to place his
Son (age 19) as Pupil with a eood Nurseryman, where
there are one or two other pnpils. Willing to pay a fair Pre-
mium.—"No. 98," 33. Fleet Street, E.C.

PPRENTICE.— W. AVhibbery wishes to

Apprentice a smart Youth (age 18) in a large establish-
ment for three years. A Premium will be paid.— Oulton Park,
Tarporley. Cheshire.

To Nurserymen, &c.

TRAVELLER, OVERSEER, SALESMAN,
or GENERAL MANAGER, in a good establishment.—
Age 40 ; over twenty years' experience. Good appearance and
address. Undeniable testimonials and trade references.- G. C,
W. Howland, Esq., Merrefield, Mount Pleasant, Lewisham, S.E.

MANAGER, or SHOPMAN. — Age 40,
married ; tborouph knowledge o£ Seeds, Bulbs, Nursery
Stock, &c. Good Book-keeper and Correspondent, Excellent
leferences. — W., Elm Cottage, Beddington, Surrey.

SHOPMAN, or MANAGER. — Age 35 ;

O eighteen years' experience in all branches. Highest
references.— C. M., Charles Turner, Koyal Nurseries, Slough.

SHOPMAN (Head, or good Sec nd).— Age
28; has done a journey. Twelve years' thorough practical
experience in Whol.'sale and r.etail. — SEEDS, Gardeners'
Clira/iide Office, 41. Wel!in-lnn Stn^et. Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN, CLERK, '^or^' TRAVELLER.—
Seventeen years' experience ; thorough knowledge of
Garden and Agricultural Departments. Exoellent-references.
— L., Postmaster, Stewarton, N.B.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age ■2\h;
five years' experience. Good Counter Hand, Good
references.— A. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

EED TRADE.— Advertiser (age 26), ten
years' experience with three of the principal Provincial
Seed Firms.- BOUVARDIA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

'"PC NURSERYMEN.— The Advertiser (age •2'2)

J- seeks a situation in OfEce. No objection to Assist in
Shop. Eight years' experience with Paul & Son, " Old "
Cheshunt.— T. JUDD, Windmill Street, Cheshunt.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS. — AVhen inclement
weather checks to a considerable extent the action of
the skin an alterative is required to compensate the body by
means of other channels. HoUoway's Pills can be confidently
recommended as the easiest, surest, and safest means of attain-
ing this desirable end without weakening the most delicate or
incommoding the mostfeeble. Whenfromfrequently recurring
chills or the inhalation of impure air the blood becomes foul and
the secretions vitiated, these Pills present a ready and efficient
means of cleansing the former and correcting the latter. By
this .salutary proceeding disease is arrested at its outset, its pains
and inconveniences averted, and the nervous structure saved
from the depressing effects entailed upon them by an illnesSi-r-

704

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decehsbb 3, 1887.

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. caU Special Attention to their

PATENT WROUGHT-IRON MUNICIPAL OR ANGULAR CHAMBERED AND TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

OAnni r Onil CDO \^'tli waterway backs and WELDED BOILERS, any c,t wliich are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories. Churches, Chapels.
OAUULl DUILLnd) Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls. Warehouses. Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant.

The MVXICIPAL and TVBILAR ones are ramarkable Jar their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will bur,, without rerjuiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE a SILVER MEDAL, at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, Juno 1, 1881.

. SECTlUr.

SECTIONAL PLAN,
water space and V-^haped back.

SIZES AND PRICES

M B 1 3 ft. 2 in. long by 2 ft. 0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep

MB2 4 0 ., by2 0 ,, by2 0

MBS 50 ,. by2 3 ,, by2 6 ,,

MB 4 6 6 ,, by3 O ,, by 3 0 ,,

MBS 8 6 ,, by4 0 ,, by 3 9 ,,

TESTIMONIALS.

Price £15
21
32
60
85

Messrs. THOS. GREEN and SON. Ltd., NORTH STREET. LEEDS. Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's 0(fi,,. Municipal Buildings. Leeds. January 9, 188

Gentlemen. — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hot-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.

The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of piping in tlieni, varying in size from 1^ in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The si
offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather.

T\vo of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers. No. 4. work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the con:
tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Enginee

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November lOM, 188'

Gentle.men. — The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5,000 feet of 4-inch, pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite aun
it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their healing powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.
Messrs.. THOS. GREEN and SON, Ltd.. LEEDS. Yours faithfully. (Signed) O. W. BASHFOKD.

AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REQUIRED.

NEW EDITION, CORRECTED UP TO DATE.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Eeprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle.

Price 3d., Post-free 3id.;
Twenty-five Copies 5s., Fifty 10s., and One Hundred 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.
Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Editorial Cominunications should bo addressed to "The Editor;" AdvertiMment'* and BuHinesa Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office. 41. WoUiiiKton Street. Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Printed by William Richard.-*, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbuht. Aonkw &. Co., Lombard SUeet, Precinct of Whitefnara. City of Ivondon. in the County of Middlesex, and published by th e
1 WlU^LUi filCHAluw, at the Ut&ce, 41, WoUin^toa street, Paruh of Ht. Paul's. CoT«ut Uaxden, in the s&id County.— ^^.Tuao ay, Uecember 3, 1661,. Agent for Majichestor— Joiuf Hi£¥WOafi.

Established i84i

No. 2450.

No. 50.-VOL. 11. {s^--}

SATUEDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1887.

/Regt. as a Newspaper, f PRICE 3d*
\WITH SUPPLEMENT.\ POST-FREE, 3Jd.

CONTENTS.

Almanac and the post,

Alocasia marginata
Apple trees, canker on .

Athrotaiis ■

Book:—

Roses for Amateurs ...
Chrysanthemums, vases

of

Colonial notes

Fertilising moss

Viewer gardi^u

Flowers In winter, forced
Foreif^n correspondence .

Forestry _ ...

Fruits under glass
Gardening apfroinlments
Gardeners' Orphan Fund
Hardy fruit garden
Hooker. Sir J. D.
Imperial Insti tute

Kniphofia Kirkii

Laelia exonieusis

Lily, a new Indian
MasdevaUia soroscula ...
Miltonia spectabilis ni-

dians ... - ... ' ...
Mushroom, monstrous, a
Nailing timber trees
Obituary ; —

tx)rd Hawke

Octomeria supra-glauca .

Odontoglossums at Ho-

wick House, Preston...

Orchid houses

Oxalis, double flowered .
Papaws

Plants and their culture 'i
Potato crop, the . .. ... 5

Roses, planting ',

Royal Horticultural So-
ciety :

Scotland ]

Simaba Cedron '

Societies : —

Dundee

Liverpool

Manchester '

Royal Horticultuml ... '

Smithfield Club ... '

Southern and Central

France, holiday in ...
Tobacco cultivation

Trade Notices '

Variation in plants

Vines and cold

Weather, the

Illustrations.

Athrotaxia cupressoides 73o

,, laxifolia 725

., selaginoides 724

Carica (Papaw) fruit and details 716, 717

Odontoglossums at Howick House, Preston. (Supplement.)
Staphylea colchica 713

Advertisers are specially requested to 7iote, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire colum7i.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the ^'Gardeners' Chronicle" from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

Now ready, lu clotb, lis. Gd.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1887.
"W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ROYAL liOUTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington, S.W.
A SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING of the Fellows will be
held at 2 o'Clock, p.m., on TUESDAY. December 13. in the
Conservatory, to receive a Report from the Council, and to
consider the statements and proposals contained therein.

N.B. — Entrances N.E. Orchard House, Exhibition Road, and
East Side of Royal Albert Hall.

BIRMINGHAM and MIDLAND COUNTIES
CHRYSANTHEMUM, FRUIT and FLORICULTURAL
SOCIETY. — The NEXT EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS. FRUITS, &c., will be held in the Town Hall, on
WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 21 and 22, 1888.
Schedules of Prizes will be issued in due course.

L ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
bulbs, 45.. 6s.. 9i\, 12s., 18s.. and 24s. per dozen ; extra
strong. 30s. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Jlj. WILLIAJI BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 636, King's Koad, Chelsea. London. S.W.

ISTLETO and CHRISTMAS TREES,

various sizes. Prices to the Trade on application.
EICHAKD SMITH jlsd CO.. Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.

Now Eeady,

THE GARDEN ANNUAL Almanac and
Address Book for 188S. The most complete and accurate
reference book for the use of all interested in gardens, contain-
ing Lists of the Horticultural Trade, the Principal Gardens.
Country Seats, and Head Gardeners in the United Kingdom, aud
of the American Trade. New Plants, Fruits and Vegetables, and
much other useful information. Price, Is. ; post-free. Is. 'id.,
of all Booksellers. Newsagents, and Nurserymen, or from the
Publishing OfHce— 37. Southampton Street, Strand, W.C.

L ILIUM AURATUM. — Cakters' Direct
Importations.— Selected Bulbs of this charming hardy
Lily are obtainable at the following low prices, direct from the
importers, plump andsound as English-grown Roots : — Price 4s..
6s..(ls..l2s.. l&s., and 24s. per dozen, carriage tree.— CARTERS'.
Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen and H.R.H.
the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238. High Holborn, London. W.C.

BOUVARDIAS, bushy plants, in variety, in
48's, in bud and flower. 12s. per dozen.
ERICAS, in variety, in 48's. in bud and flower. 12s. per dozen.
PALMS, in variety, in 60's, suitable for Table Decoration.
12s. per dozen. Package free for ca>li with order.

JOHN STANDISH and CO.. Royal Nurseries. Ascot.

A Tew Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Lat,ania borbonica. Seaforthia elegaus.
Chamrerops eicelsa. and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s, per pair.
GARDENER. Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill. London. N.

FOR fine Specimen STEPHANOTIS FLORI-
BUNDA. also good young bearing PEACH TREES, late
varieties, to average 9^ ft. in height, 11^ ft. in width, apply to
R. GILBERT. High Park Gardens. Stamford.

pUT LILIES OF THE VALLEY and

Kj MAIDENHAIR FERNS. Regular supplies during the
season. Apply to
T. JANNOCH. The Lily Nursery. Dcrsingham. King's Lynn.

MAIDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per
bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TUDGEY, Home Farm. Walton-on-Thames.

dozen

BARR'S SELECTED BULBS
have gained many Medals and Prizes I Prices moderate I
Quality unsurpassed 1 Full descriptive Oataloguefree on appli-
cation. Special Daffodil CATALOGUE free on application to
BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

CCELOGYNE CRISTATA, well grown, with
bloom spikes, and very cheap.
Trustees of the late J. STEVENSON. Timperley. Cheshire.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NUKSEETMEN, Sidcup, and 285. 286. 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" CO.MMISSION, SIDCUP."

CQUELCH AND BARN HAM,

O North Row, Covent Garden, W.C. are OPEN TO DIS-
POSE OF any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES.
TOMATOS. CUCUMBERS. FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

c

UT

FLOAVERS rURCHASED.

Cash returned following day.
MOYSES STEVENS, Florist, 22, Stockbridgc Terrace,

Victoria Street. Belgravia. S.W.

w

ANTED, CUT AVIIITE FLOWERS

y quantity, regular supply. Cash returned same
a. PHIPPEN. F.R.H.S., Reading.

CliryBantlieiiiums— Chrysanthemums.

WANTED, above, in quantity ; also
EUCHARIS. ORCHIDS, and every description of
choice OUT BLOOM. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash.
Empties free.— WISE AKU BIDES, Covent Garden, W.C

USCATS— MUSCATS— Gros Colmar, Gros

Maroc, Alicantes, &c. ; also Marie Louise PEARS.
Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and well
packed Fruit of the above.

WISE ASD KIDES, Covent Garden, W.C.

The Book for a. ChrlatmaB Present to Gardeners.
■\7 I N E S and VINE CULTURE.

V The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes
and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price !}S., post-free 5s. 6rf.

A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society. Chiswlck.

CUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1888

O will be ready about December 19, price Is., post-free.
The finest work of its clas^ yet issued, and a very useful
Christmas present for all interested in Gardening.

SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

Special Offer.

CHAKLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of GARDEN SEEDS, will be pleased to send Special
Offers of same on application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

INEST LILY OF THE VALLEY

CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustav A. Schultr,
Berlin. For price \vrite to

JACOB AND VALENTIN, 56, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Chrysanthemums.

MESSRS. W. AND G. DROVER, growing
1000 Plants for Exhibition Bloom, can offer good Cuttings
of Plants. We have taken this season 43 Prizes and Silver
Medals ; Certificate National, New Japanese, Maggie Mitchell ;
Certificates Birmingham, Southampton, New Japanese. W.
G. Drover. Mr. E. Molyneux, Mr. G. R. Petch, and other
noted growers very highly recommend it. CATALOGUES
3d. each. Nurseries, Fareham, Hants.

PALM SEEDS.— AVrite for Special Offer to
the Trade, and samples, to
H. DAMMANN. Jun., Breslau, Germany.
Fresh to haud now are Areca, Kentia, Phoenix, Ravenala,
Sabal, Sec. ; also Arancaria imbricata.

PANDANUS, 12 feet high from top of tub;
foliage spreading about 10 feet. Any one requiring
same will please make offer to

HEAD GARDENER. Headington Hill Hall, Oxford,

Special Offer.

RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, fine stuff,
1 J- to 2i feet, and as far through. LARCH and SCOTCH
FIR. 1^ to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet, extra strong, well furnished,
and yearly transplanted.

EPPS AXD CO.. Nurserymen. Ringwood.

OSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! ! !— The best

and cheapest in the world ; 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s.
purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. Catalogues free on
application. Ten acres of Roses ; 100,000 grand plants to select
from. Plant now.— JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exet«r.

N" EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 188(5-7.—
Special offers of tested and selected varieties, including
Marquis of Downshire. Send for LIST.
WILLIAM HOLMES. Frampton Park Nurseries. Hackney, E.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE of 1000 new and old varieties considered worth
cultivation, with Cultural Directions, by E. Molyneux, written
specially for this Catalogue. Post-free four stamps.

ROBERT OWEN. Floral Nursery. JIaidenhead.

Broccoli Seed— Crop 1887.

FOR SALE, a quantity of Gordon's Celebrated
NIDDRIE LATE WHITE, true stock.— Price on appli-
cation to P. GEMJIELL. Jan., Market Gardens. The Crooks
Murrayfield. Edinburgh.

ORCING SEAKALE.— Good strong Forcing

Seakale. Price on application.
D. S. THOMSON akd SONS, The Nurseries, Wimbledon, S.W

PPLE TREES with MISTLETO growing on

them, "s.erf., lOs. 6d., and l.is. each.— RICHARD SMITH
AXD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchant*, Worcester.

EAKALE for FORCING, superior selected

Crowns, tO.t. per 1000 ; under 500, 9.5. per 100. Orders to
be accompanied by cheque or Post-office Order.

ALFRED ATWOOD, Grower, 61, Shillington Street, Batter-
eea, S.W.

706

TBl^ CfAl^DEKEHS' CimONICLE.

itlECEMBEH If), 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Monday Next.-fSaie No. 757a.)

UUr.liSaml I'LANTS.

MR. J. C. STKVENS will SELL by
AUCTIO.N, nt his Great Roonn, 38, King Street.
Covent Garden, W.C., on MONDAY NEXT, December 12, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, several hundred lots of first-
class DUTCH BULBS, lotted to suit all Buyers. Also choice-
named Bo.-der Plants-SPIRJEA JAPONICA, S. PALMATA,
DIKLYTEA. SPECTABILE, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues Iind.

Wednesday Next— (Sale No. 7675.)
SPECIAL SALE of OliCHIDS io FLOWER.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, December 14. at
half-past 12o'Clockprecisely,afineCOLLECTIONotORCHIDS,
in Flower and Bud, comprising the largest plant ever offered
of Cypripedium Leeanum, with 28 growths; a splendid speci-
men of Cypripedium insignis punctatura or violaceura, with
about 60 growths; Cattleya Triame alba, Odontoglossnm
Krameri. Cypripedium Spicerianum, Magnilicum, Odoutoglos-
8um hebraicum, Masdevallias, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale Nos. 7.i75.)

6000 grand llulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, 2.50 L. AURATUJI
RUBRO-VITTATUM, L. SPECIOSU.M ROSEUM and
ALBUM. L. AURATUM vars., and many other LILIES,
jvist received direct from Japan; 250 NYMPH.EA
ODORATA ROSEA, from America; South Alrican
TUBEROSES, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in
his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. :«. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT.
December 11, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7.574.)
A consignment of choice named Indian AZALEAS, A. MOLLIS,
Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, P.ALMS of sorts, &c., re-
ceived direct from (ihent.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his S.4.LE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
December 14. at half-jiast 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday and Saturday Next.

A splendid assortment of fine named CARNATIONS and
PICOTEES, from one of tlie best known amateur growers,
including nearly all the best known show varieties.
Also Standard and Dwarf ROSES, Pyramid and Dwarf-
trained FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS. CONIFERS, Orna-
mental STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, DUTCH
BULBS, SPIR.EAS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above
by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street.
Covent Garden. W.C. on WEDNESDAY and SAIURDAY
NEXT, December 14 and 17, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely
each day.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7576).
FINE ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 39. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, December 16,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a
choice lot of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, chiefly in flower and
bud. the whole in fine health; together with tine consign-
ments of the following ORCHIDS, in extra condition, vii. ;—
LYCASTE TETRAGONA.
CORYANTHES EXIMEA.
CAriLEYA SANDERIANA.
,, MENDELII, with sheaths.
,, LEOPOLDII.
„ INTERMEDIA.
ODONTOGLOSSUM INSLEAYTI LEOPARDINUM.
„ KRAMERII, in flower.
,, CERVANTESII, with spikes.
ONCIDIUM TIQRINUM, in flower.
„ INCURVUM, with spikes.
„ ORNITHORYNCHUM, with spikes.
,. MICROPOOON. in flower.
LEPTOTES BICOLOR, LJELIA PURPURATA. fine mnsscs,
well leaved, with sound eyes; L. ELEGANS. MAXILLARIA
HiRRISONL-E, ZVGOPETALUM CRISITU.M, MILTONIA
REGNELLI, GONGOHA species, and many other ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 75715.)

UTRICULARIA KROMERIANA.

ATR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-

1*X TION. at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, December 15. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, n new
white UTRICULARIA, producing upwards of ten large round
flowers, of fine shape, on an erect spike, having a very beautiful
and showy effect.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutch Bulhs.

The LAST SALES this Season, entirely without reserve. Every
MONDAY. WEDNESDAY, THURSDDY, and SATURDAY
until December 22.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 63. Cheapside. London, E.C. every MONDAY,
WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, until Decem-
ber 22, 200.000 HYACINTHS, 150,000 TULIPS, 400,000 CRO-
CUS, lOO.OOO NARCISSUS, and other DUl'CH BULBS, to suit
Large and Small Buyers. Nearly 1000 lots each day.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.

6000 LILIUM AURATUM. from .lapan ; a splendid collection
of various English grown LILIES; hardy ORCHIDS in
variety; CARNATIONS. PICOTEES. EREMURUS;
thousands of NARCISSUS. GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
DWARF ROSES ; and also the GREENHOUSE STOCCK
of the late New PUnt and Bulb Company, for Sale by
order of Messrs. R. M. and H. H. Wallis. including 1000
FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA, extra large Bulbs; her-
baceous P/EONIES and IRIS. For absolute Sale without
the least reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68. Clieapside, London, E.C, on WEDNES-
DAY NEXT, December 14, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
CYPRIPEDIUM GODEFROY.E.— An extensive importation of
twenty-nine cases of this beautiful ORCHID, collected in
flower by Mr. C Roebheleu, and sent over direct by him for
Absolute Sale, without the least reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to announce that they will SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.
on FRIDAY NEXT, December 16, at half-past 12 o'clock
preciselv, without ih.> Ir^i-it ri'.i,Tve, by order of Mr. CRoebelen,
the nbo've ,M. i ;i„!..ri iii,.u of CYPRIPEDIUM GODE-

FROY.E. Th. ,,!.,. ted in flower, and the spikes

on the plants ^^ I i. i' many had two flowers on each

spike. Full il.-i n|.( s (.f III,- plant will appear in the

Catalogue. Also tiio cases cf CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR.

The Sale will include a grand Importation of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM ALEXANDR.I; of the best type— one of the finest
consignments yet received iu this country— from Messrs.
Sliuttieworth. Carder & Co.

Together with some valuable ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS
from the well-known collection of E. Wischliusen, Esq.. of
Lordship Lune, Wood Green, N., including Cypripedium Mor-
gauie and Cattleya exoniensis, very line plants.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

Valuable ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from the well-known
Collection of E. Wischhusen, Esij., of Lordship Lane,
Wood Green, N.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
favoured with instructions from E. Wischhusen, Esq.,

to include in their SALE by AUCTUI^N,

December 16, thefollow' ' '"

I splendid health :■
Cypripedium euryandrum
,, fenanthum superbum
,, MorgauEO
,, Sedeni candidibulum
„ Ashburtonise

On \

Cattleya exoniensis, grand

Angra-cam sesquipedale
Cypripedium Leeanum super-

shad.

Friday Next.

one of the finest received in this country.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR,E. a grand importation,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are in-
structed by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Garden &. Co., to in-
clude in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, December 16. a grand
importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM ^VLEXANDRiE. of the best
ype, in splendid condition; .also a good lot of O. VEXIL-

LARIU.M, forunr.

» had.

Flowering Orchids.

SPECIAL SALE BEFORE CHRIST-MAS instead of the last
Tuesday in the Mouth, as usual.

ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS de-

junce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of
ORCHIDS in FLOWER will take place on FRIDAY,
December 23, for which they will be gl,ad to RECEIVE
NOTICE of ENTRIES as soon as possible.

W^,

TTOR SALE, a SMALL NURSERY, SEED

-I? and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, in first-rate locality ; good
Jobbing connection. Price low to immediate purchaser.
Apply to F. R. BRUCE, Uibridge Road. Ealing Dean,

FOR DISPOSAL, a NURSERY, comprising
7 Spans. 45 feet long, 3 rows of Frames, 60 feet. 6-Roomed
House with Stables, Coach-house, and Sheds. Under 3 miles
from Covent Garden.

Apply, 53, Hammersmith Road, W.

'^PO BE SOLD, a good going concern, in the
-JL immediate neighbourhood of the Largest Manu-
facturing Towns in England, a SEED FRUIT and FLOWER
BUSINESS, with good Residence.

For particulars apply by letter to J. B.. Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Florists, Nurserymen, and Others.

TO BE LET or SOLD (with immediate pos-
session). The NURSERIES. Linsladc. This valuable
property, consisting of good Shop, Residence, Conservatory,
and 6 Glasshouses. A rare opportunity. Three minutes' walk
from Leightflu Station, London and North- Western Railway.
For particulars, apply to Mr. H. WILLIS, Leighton Buzzard.

''pO LET, with immediate possession, a SMALL

X. NURSERY, all Glass, in a good Town. CJuite a genuino
going concern.— A. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Street, Strand, W.C.

To Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Others.

TO BE LET, by Tender, for a Term of Y'ears,
with immediate possession, ST. GEORGE'S GARDENS.
St. Anne'i-on-the-Sea. The Grounds are well laid out and
arranged both as Pleasure Grounds and Market Gardens, and
comprise Vineries, Hothouses, &o.

Full particulars from WILLLAM H. NUTTER, St. Anne's-
on-llie-Sea.

ORCHIDS.

All immense Stock.
Thousands Showing for Bloom.

NEW CATALOGUE
ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

I'Vee on appliration to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYAED & NURSERIES,

GABSTON, near LIVEBPOOL.

Royal Parks, &c.— Grass Seeds.

THE COMMISSIONERS of HER
MAJESTY'S WORKS. &c.. are prepared to RECEIVE
TENDERS for the SUPPLY of GRASS SEEDS for use in the
Royal Parks, &c., during the year 1888. Forms of Tender,
containing full particulars, may he obtained at this Office any
day excepting Saturdav, between the hours of 12 and 3 o'clock.
Tenders are to be delivered before 12 o'clock noon, on THURS-
DAY, the 22nd instant, addressed to the SECRETARY,
Her Majesty's Office of Works, &c., 12, Whitehall Place.
London, S.W.," and endorsed " Tender for Grass Seeds, Royal
Parks. &c."

The Commissioners do not bind themselves to accept the
lowest or any Tender. „ ^ PRIMROSE, Secretary.

Her Majesty's Office of Works, &c.,

12, Whitehall Place, S.W.— December .5, 1887.

fVE PLANTS CARRIED TO THE

CO.N'TINENT and all parts ABROAD, at cheap through
rates by PITT AND SCOTT'S FOREIGN EXPRESS, 23, Cannon
Street, E.C, and?, Carlton Street, S.W., London.

N.B.— Phylloxera Regulations of any country and Priuted
Tariffs free."

HE ROCKS at BATTERSEA PARK,

eaid to be a, true imitation of Nature but allowed
to be overgrown, and the other so called good examples at
HIGHNAM COURT and BEARWOOD,
recorded in thin Journal recently, were all executed by

PU L H AM ANP S ON,

BROXBOURNE.

Choice New Roses.

PAUL AND SON offer now:— GLOIRE DE
MARGOTTIN (new, 1887). said by the raiser to be the
brightest H.P. known ; raiser's plants, bs. each.
TEA THE BKIUE.— Proves the finest forcing -white Tea for
winter blooms; in pots. 2s. 6rf.. 35. 6d., and 6s. each.
,, MISS ETHEL BROWNLOW, 5s. each.
„ MADAME A. ETIENNE. a^. 6rf. each
,, SCIPION COCHET, Zs. 6rf. each.
For further Lists and Descriptions of New Rosea, see PAUL
AND SON'S CATALOGUE.

The " Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt. N.

WGOKDON, Importer of Orchids from
• all parts of the world. An immense Stock of
recently imported plants compels a Sale of the Established
Plants to make room. These have not yet flowered, but are
all flovveriiig plants, ami must be sold at a great sacrifice.
Very valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great
bargains. See Public Journals for high prices recently ob-
tained. The special offer affords a paying investment to anyone
with glass at command which should not be overlooked. Such
plants may never again be offered to tJie Public and the
Trade.

LILIUM AUR\TUM, for Christmas presents. Fourth
arrival of 6000 bulbs, the best that money can buy, 4d., 6d.,
9rf., Is., Is. 6rf. Specially imported kc plm ultra bulbs, 2s. 6d.
each. Very liberal allowance to the Trade.

LILIUM AXBUM KRAETZERI, the most lovely white
Lily grown— throws seven to ten flowers, which sell in market
at 2s. per dozen ; beautiful and rare. Is. each, 10s. per dozen.

LILIUM SPECIOSUM RUBRUM CRUENTUM, the dark
form of this lovely Lily, most exquisitely marked, Is. each,
lOs. per dozen.

LILIUM AURATUM PLATYPHYLLUM RUBRO-VITTA-
TUM, crimson, striped with gold; VIRGINALE, pure white,
and spotted, with gold band. All these lovely new and distinct
forms of Auratum, suitable for show purposes, very fine bulba,

LILIUM HARRISn, 10s. per dozen; and all other LILIES
equally cheap. Bankeiau Silver Medal awarded August, 1887.

JAPANESE NOVELTIES. 80 varieties; IRIS, Tree
P.EONIES, MAPLES, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS. Please
apply for special offer to

W. GORDON, The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twicken-
ham, Middlesex.

AVENUE TKEES.— Well rooted, with
straight stems and good heads :—
ELM, Chichester, 8 to 10 feet, 10s. per dozen, 70s. per 100; 10
to 12 feet, Ins. per dozen, 100s. per 100 ; 12 to 14 feet,
21.S. per dozen.
„ English, 6 to 8 feet, 9s. per dozen, 60s. per 100; 8 to 10
feet, 12s. per dozen, 80s. per 100; 10 to 12 feet, 15*.
per dozen.
LIMES, Red-twigged, 8 to 10 feet, 12s. per dozen, 90s. per 100 ;

10 to 12 feet, 18s. per dozen.
POPLAR, Black Italian, 8 to 10 feet, 6s. per dozen, 40s. per
100 ; 10 to 12 feet, 9s. per dozen, 6Us. per 100 ; 13 to
14 feet, 12s. per dozen.
,. Balsam, 8 to 10 feet, 12s. per dozen; 10 to 12 feet, 18s.
per dozen.
MAPLE, Norway, 8 to 10 feet, 15s. per dozen ; 10 to 12 feet,
18s. per dozen.
JNO. JEFFERIES a^d SON, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.

DECE^^reK 10, 1SS7.]

THE G An DE NEBS' CHRONICLE,

707

1:j'IlUIT TREES in Pots, prepared for forcing,
- covered with Fruit Buds, a large and fine stock. Standanl
trained PLUMS and CHERRrES. Maiden PEACHES. NEC-
TARINES, &c. : GRAPE VINES for fruiting: SEAKALE,
EOSES, STRAWBERRIES, and ASPARAGUS. LIST free.
WILL TAYLER. Osborn Nur?fT)-. Hampton, Middlesex.

To the Trade.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to make
• special offers of their carefully selected stocks of
SEED POTATOS, raised on their own farms expressly for seed
purposes. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

E WING'S CATALOGUE contains short and
plain Cultural Note-', besides Descriptions and Prices of
the best Roses ; and in addition 28 pages are deroted to Orna-
mental Trees. Shrubs, Fruit Trees. Climbing Plants. Horti-
cultural Requisites. &c. It is forwarded post-free to applicants
on receipt of three penny stamps, or Gratis to Customer:^.

Abridged LIST of low priced carriage and package free col-
lections of high-class Roses, gratis and post-free.
EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries. Havnnt. Hampshire.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom. near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCfLLaS (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 405. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

LARGE SHRUBS. — American Arbor-vitje,
2 to 2^ feet, I6.t. per 100 ; ditto. 3 to 3J feet, 20s. per 100.
Aucuba jnponic^i, I^ to 2 feet, 30*-. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2J feet,
40s. per 100. Berberis aquifolia, 1 to IJ foot, 605. per 1000.
Box Trees, 3 feet, 205. per 100. Grislinia litoralis. J^ foot, 305.

Fer 100. Laurel, Common, 2 to 2J feet. 105. per 100. Laurel,
ortugal, 1| to 3 feet, 205. per 100. Laurel, Colchic. 1^ to 2
feet. 105. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 165. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 4
feet. 205. per 100. Laurel, caucasicum, 2 to 3 feet, extra. 20s.
per 100. Rhododendron ponticum. 1 foot bushes, 20s. per 100 ;
ditto. IJ to 2 feet. 30s. per 100 ; ditto 2 to 2^ feet, 405. per 100 ;
ditt3o, to 3J feet, 70s. per 100. White and other colours, strong
and bushy. 70s. per 100. English Yews. 2 feet, 26s. per 100. Abies
Dougla.sii, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100 ; ditto. 4 to 6 feet, 45s. per
100. Araucaria imbricata, IJ to 2 feet. 24s. per dozen ; ditto,
2 to 2| feet. 365. per dozen ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet. 50s. per dozen.
Cupressus macrocarpa. 2 to 3 feet, iiOs. per 100. Cupressus
Lawsoni,2to 3 feet, 25s. per 100. Cupressus erecta viridis.
2 to 24 feet. 355. per lOO. Pinus Nordmaoni, 2 feet, 35s. per
100 ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, 18.^. per dozen. Retinospora plumosa,
l^ foot, 20*-. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2| feet, 30s. per 100. Retino-
5pora plumosa aurea, 1 to 1|^ foot, 50s. per 100. Retinospora
squnrrosa, 12 to 18 inches, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2^ feet, 50s.
per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 2 to 2^ feet. 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 4 to 5
feet, 12s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2 to 2^ feet, 50s. per
1(10. Thuin dolabrata, IJ to 2 feet, 18s. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 3
feet, ;JOs. pfT d07cn.

GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHAKPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now .■ompleted the harv-esting of their celebrated
stocks of SWEDES. TURNIPS. MANGELS, and other AGRI-
CULTURAL SEEDS, M ill be pleased to send special offers of
same on application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

To the Trade.

Home-grown ^'EiiETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.

HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to
• make special offers of their fine selected storks of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have
harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very
advantageous to purchaser-*.

Seed Growing Estahlishment. Wisbech.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others

intending planting Shrubs and Trees. &:c., this Autumn.

"POBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call

XV attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to tho?e varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES
LIMES, ELMS, CHESPNUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
-within a radius of 10 miles, on nil Orders amounting to £5 and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.

The Nurseries. Trinity Ro.nd, Wands^vorth Common, S.W.

ADIANTUM CUNEATUM.— A few thousand
to dispose of, very strong and healthy, in thumb-pots,
£7 per 1000.

WM. MITCHELL, Nurseries, Enll -Id Hi-hway.

The New Raspberry,

LORD BEACOInSFIELD.
(A Seedling.)
The finest Raspberry and beat cropper ever kno«n. First-
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, I8v^;f.

Strong Canes, £3 per 100 ; 0s. per dozen. Smaller Cane;, %s.
per dozen.

Trade supplied. Cash with order.

A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen. Hungerford.

NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Anders,

France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections
of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS. CA-
MELLIAS, ROSES. SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT TREES,
&c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freiglit from
Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Htmeur at the
Universal Exhibition at Paris 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON a>-d SCULL,
90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.G.

QA 000 CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

KJ\J9^\J\J\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into ,5^irirh pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester.

CARTERS' TADE MECUM for 1888.—
This valuable Guide to the Amateur Gardener will be
published December 16. price 1.*., post-free and gratisto intend-
ing customers. It contains 8 elegant coloured illustrations of
Carters' Tested Vegetables and Flowers. Itis certain to be the
handsomest and most useful Catalogue of the year, and should
be in the hands of all Gardeners. — Seedsmen by Special Royal
Command, 237 and 238, High Holbom. London. W.C.

DOBBIE'S COMPETITOR'S GUIDE.
1S88 Edition.
For 25 years we have nuide the requirements of Exliibitors
and Competitors our special study, and our select strains of
Flowers and Vegetables are known to be unsurpassed in the
United Kingdom. Our Guide, which extends to nearly 100
pages, is one of the most useful, original, and practical hand-
books in the Trade, and ought to be in the \xamU of every
grower, whether professional or amateur. A copy will be sent
gratis and po^t-fiee (in the first week of January) to all who
apply for it before then.— DOBBIE and CO., Rothesiy.

T:> OSES— ROSES— roses.— Our collection of

J-V Hybrid Perpetual and Tea Roses embraces all the best
varieties, new and old. The plants are hardy and well ripened,
and are sure to do well in almost any situation. Selections of
H.P.'s from 7s. per do^en. post-free; do. Teas, from 14s. per
dozen, post-free. Rose CATALOGUES postrfreeon npplication.
DOBBIE AND CO., Seed Growers and Florists. Rothesay.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best
and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready, 1.^. Qd. per dozen. 10s. per 100 ; plants in January,
2s. 6rf. per dozen. Itjs. per 100. \V. E.'s selection clieaper.
Many of the b^st prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mons. Delaux'a grand set
of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with Es'^y on Cultivation, 2 sUimps.

Natal, South Africa.

T:>ULBS, TUBERS, ROOTS.— A Wholesale

XJ CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ADLAM, Maril/.burg. Natal.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GAKDENS, PxEADINCt, BERKS,

IS THE

LARGEST GROWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE
IN THE KINGDOM.

Price Lists and Pamphlets on application.

C^ARNATION, " GLOIRE DE NANCY."—

\~J This lovely large white Clove-scented flower, larger
than the old Red Clove, more robust and freer. Every llorist
should grow some of this for cut. The blooms are from
2 to 3 inches across, and pure white ; forces well. I have a few
thousand good rooted layers, at 25s. per 100; 50 for lbs.; 35
for 85. Cash with order.

E. COLLLVS AND SOXS, Cumberland Park Nursery, "Willes-
den Junction. W.

FOREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,
18s. per 1000. Ash, Ji to 2 feet, 10s. per lOOO ; ditto,
2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech. 1^ to 2 feet, lU. per 1000-
ditto. 2 to 3 feet. 18s. per 1000. Birch, 1 to 1$ foot, 18s. per
1000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Elm,
IJ to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000;
ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000-
ditlo. 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto. 3 to 4 feet, 17s. tirf. per
1000 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet. 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to U foot
8s. per 1000 ; ditto, li to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000 ; ditto. 2 to 2% feet
12s. per 1000. Scotch Fir, 1 J to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000. Oak, U to
2 feet. 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000. Piuus
austriaca. 2 years transplanted, fine, 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet,
2 to 2^ feet, 26s. per 1000 ; ditto. 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore
U to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per lOOo!
Thorns, 1 to IJ foot, i2s. per 1000 ; ditto, li to 2 feet. I'ts per
lUiHi; ditto. 2 to 2A feet, 17s. 6rf. per 1000. Special offers for
extra quantities.
GARLIES MITCHELL. Xurser>-man, Stranraer.

EstabliBhed 1827.

BRIARS (DOG ROSE), SEEDLING,
FOR STOCKS.
1-yr., extra choice, per 10,000, £7.
l-yr., No. 1 choice, per 10,000, £5.
1-yr., No. 2 choice, per 10,000. £2 10s.
2-yr. transplanted, extra choice, per 10,000, £10.
2-yr. transplanted. No. 1 choice, per 10,000, £7.
FRUIT TREE STOCKS.— Pears, 1 and 2 years ; Quince,
Plums, Apples, seedling. Paradise, Doucin, Myrobolant. Ma-
haleb, Mazard ; Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
Young stocks from seeds or cuttings disposable by millions.
Stocks very fine and very cheap. Prices and CATALOGUES
sent on demand to

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay, Seine, France.

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

WILL BE TnANICFCUY REOEITEr BT

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London, W.

Mu:

Each.-

IVTEAV CHRYSANTHE

-L^ of 1887:—

EDWIN MOLYNEUX. Firat-claas Certificate ...
L.U)Y T. LAWRENCE, Firstclass Certificate ...
DUKE OF BERWICK, First-class Certificate ..,
WILLIAM COBEETT, First-class Certilicate ...
51RS. J. WRIGHT, 3 First-class Certificates ...
MR. C. ORCHARD, First-class Certificate
MR. H. CANNELL, First-class Certificate
MRS. H. CANNELL, First-class Certificate

5IR. GARNER, Firstclass Certilicate

ORJIONDE

M. J. A. LAING

OTHELLO

The above 12 varieties for jEa 0 0

Good strong plants ready to send out the end of Februari*,
1888. LORD EVERSLEY, new Incurved pure white sport
from Princess Teck, First-class Certificate. National Chrj-sau-
themum Society, Nov. 9, 1887, 2,. id. each.

CATALOGUE of all the best New and Old Eihibitiou
Varieties, 3 stamps.

G. STEVENS, Chrysanthemum Grower, St. John's Nursery,

Putney, London. S.W.

^TRAWBERRY PLANTS, extra fine. —

O Sir J. Paiton, Dr. Hogg, and President, 2s. per 100,

18.5. per 1000.
GOOSEBERRIES, three leading varieties. S,i. per 100.
CURRANTS, Red and Blaclt, line, 0'. per 100.
BOX. three varieties, good pot stulf, 15 to 18 inches, 12j.

per 100.
QUICK, eitra strong, 4 years, 13j. per lOOO.
WALLFLOWERS. Belvoir Castle and Harbinger, strong and

bushy, transplanted, 25. per 100.
DAISIES. The Bride, strong, 4s. per 100.
MYOSOTIS. transplanted. 2s. per 100.
SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA. strong. 2s. per 100.
PANSIES. bedding, blue, white and yellow, 6s. per lOO.
PRIMROSE, single lilac, strong, 6s. per 100.

WILLUM BALL, Bedford Koad Nurseries. Northampton.

E Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.
VEKGREEN HEIJGES.

The three best Shrubs for forming Hedges ■—
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet, 6s. per dozen, 305. per 100.
YEWS, English, 2 to 2J feet, Ss. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2* to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, I85. per
dozen, 130s. per 100.
HOLLY, Greeo, IJ to 2 feet, 5s. per dozen, 30*. per 100; 2 to
2J feet, 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100 ; 2 j to 3 feet, ISs. per
dozen, 75s. per 100.
The above are strong, bushy, well groTvn, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS and SON, Billing Road Nurseries,
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address—" QUICK." NORTHAMPTON.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
Btrong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Phosnix reclinata,
12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans, Phcenii reclinata,
and Corypha auatralis, 20 to 24 inches high, 1*. 6rf. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
Enterpe edulis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s.
per pair.

GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London. N.

SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFEU^.—
Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 40s. per 100. Abici
Douglasii, 1 year, 20s. per 1000. Abie9orien(a]is.8to9 inch, 12*.
per 100. American Arbor-Tita>, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni. 12 to 15 inches, 60s. per 1000. Cupressus
erecta viridis, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000 ; ditto. 1 to 1^ foot,
extra, 10s. per 100. Cupressus stricta, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per
1000; ditto, 1 to IJ foot. 12s. per 100. Cedrus Deodara, 6 to 9
inches, 6s. per lUO; ditto, 12 inches, 12s. per 100. Pinus
insignis, 1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus Cembra, 2 years. 10s. per
1000. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 years, 6s. per 100. Pinus excelaa,
1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis, 1 year, 5s. per 100,
Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches, 10s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa. 6 to 8 inches, 4.<. per 100; ditto, 10 inches, 8s. per
100. Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 40i. per 1000. Thuiopslfl
dolabrata, 6 to 8 inches. 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 12 inches, fine, 12*.
per 100. Yew, English, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 300. Laorel.
Portugal. 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Common Laurel. 12 to U
inch&s, 35s. per 1000, Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inohea,

708

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[Decejibee 10, 1887.

Only to the Trade.

J. C. SCHMIDT,

Nurseryman and Seedsman to His Majenty the
Emperor of Germany,

ERFURT, GERMANY,

BEUS TO ANNOUNCE THAT HIS

GENERAL TRADE CATALOGUE

OF SELF-GROWN BEST ERFCRT FLOWER

AND VEtrETAiJLE SEEDS,

at moderate prices, is now publislied, and will be forwarded

post-free on application.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such maKuitude that
Without seeing it it is not easy to form an adequate conception
oE its unprecedented estent.

FRUIT TREES, WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING
PLANTS,

Of fine quality and immense number?.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass Structures (tover an area of 232,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLATTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.

yOREST, jf RUIT

te. ALL OTHER

•gREES & JI^LANTS.

^^%,^^'^-^^^>\

Descriptive Catalogues Post Free.

fla IT TREES

ORKAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

.1 rHEAL&SONS

|#«M_Crawlej, W Sussex-

NE\A^ MELON,

" TEMPLENEWSAM HYBRID."

The above new and distinct variety was raised by Mr. Dawes, Gardener to the Hon. Mrs. Meynell-
Ingram, Templenewsam, and is tlie result of a cross between the well-known varieties, Hero of
LocKi.N'GE and Read's Scaelet. It was awarded a First-class Certificate at the Spring Exhibition
of the Manchester Botanical Society, 1887, and it has on several occasions been locally exhibited,
never failing to win golden opinions from competent judges.

TEMPLENEWSAM HYBRID is a very handsome oval-shaped Melon, with a rich golden-yellow
.skin, beautifully netted. The flesh is white, deep, rich and melting to the rind, and the
flavour is all that can be desired. It is early, arriving quickly at maturity, is of free growth,
an excellent setter, produces fruits averaging from 4 to 4J lb. each, and when fully ripe
remains a long time fit for use.
Mr. CoLKMAK. Tlic Gardens, EastTWT Caath, says :— " A good size, shape oval, sT^in bright golden, and beautifully netted.
Flc^h \vhite, deep, and melting quite through to the rind. Flavour excellent, reminding me of my own Eastnor Castle."

;ely netted, with a thick soft

Seedling Melon I consider a first-clasa variety, and worthy of

Many other thoroughly practical Gardeners have seen this variety, and verify by their
opinions the high characteristics that we claim for it, and with which we have great pleasure in
bringing it under public notice.

Price, 28. 6d. per Sealed Packet, post-free.

Special offer to the Trade on application.

DICKSON & ROBINSON,

SEED MEECiHANTS, &c ,

(2, OLD MILLGATE, MANCHESTER.

CroinploTi &FawKes

CLATE T H-P DENNIS £< Co)

Horticultural Builders

' Chelmsford .

NEW BOOK of Photo-Lit^
«:ervatories 5.t_
of the country with particulars of the

sful Hot water Heating \pparatus of the centurj Po t fret

Pot Roses for Forlng.

PAUL AND SON have a splendid lot of the
finest Planta yet offered, in good plump condition for
pruning, or for placing at once in heat ; 42s. to 60s. per dozen.
The ■•Old "Nurseries. Cheshunt, N.

ROSES and FRUIT TREES.
ROSES. Dwarf H.P., all the best varieties, our selection,
63s. per 100. 50 for 20s., 12 sent free by post for 85.
ROSES, Dwarf Tea, from open ground, including Gloire de Dijon,
Marechal Niel, and other good varieties. 95. per dozen.
APPLE TREES. Standards for Orchards. I85. and 245. per doz.
,. ,, Rushes, 6s. per dozen, 4.'is. per 100.
.. .. Pyramida, 125.. I85.. and 24s. per dozen.
FRUIT TREES. 12 a-ssorted Dwarf-trained. 305. per dozen.
APPLE and PEAR TREES. 12 a-sorted Pyramid, I85. per doz.
CURRANT TREES, assorted, Black, Red, and White, 25 6d. per

dozen. I85. per 100.
GOOSERERRIES. Warrington and other best named sorts,

25. 6rf. per dozen, 18s. per 100.
VINES, strong planting Canes, Black Hamburgh and Muscat

of Alexandria, and other;

Terms c

CATALOGUES on apphcatic

CARAWAY & CO.,

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion Pnce, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or tirf. jier
cake , free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ag''s and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with OUT signatureattached,

WM CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited). Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, K.

MARECHAL NIEL ROSES!

XICE PLANTS, in o-inch pots, 4 to 6 feet
long. Is. and Is. Qd. each.

FINE PLANTS, in 7-inch pots, with 2 and 3

shoots, 10 to 12 feet long, 2s.. L's.6(i.. 3s., 3s,6ii., & Sj.each.

MAGNIFICENT PLANTS, in 10-inch pots,

with2and3shoots, 13 tolSfeetlong, Ts.id. St. 10s. 6i, each,
T/ic above cannot be surpassed.
The Company have also a large and fine stock of other
CLr.MBING BOSES in pots, and also DWAKF TEA ROSES,
in pots, in great variety.

i/.sr tuith fall particulars on application.

The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JoH.N Cowan). Limited. The Vinevard and Nurseries.
GARSTON. near LIVERPOOL.

YE R T E G A N S '
GARDEN NOVElTrES.
BRAMBLES for Fruiting. I KASPBERRY, Black Fruited.

BRAAIBLES for Flowering. RASPBERRY, Golden Fruited.
RAHE and beautiful Shrubs. HEBBACEOUS and Alpines.
KAUE and delicious Fruits. I LAPAGERIA albu and rubra.
Illustrated LISTS post-free.
R H VERTEGANS, F.R.H.S., Chad Valley Nurseries,
liirmingham. Telegrams—" VERTEGANS, Birmingham,

LACKBERRIES, for Gardens, Fields, Kail-

way Banks, &c. The most suitable variety for this country
is VERTEGANS' " BEST OF ALL." at 7s. per dor.en ; 52s. 6a.
per 100. I can also supply -WILSON JUNIOR," at 6s. per
dozen. 40s. per 100. Other varieties at 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

N.B — All home grown. Carriage and Packing free.
For many other Novelties, Fruits, &c.. not tobe found in any
other Catalogue, see Vertegans' Illustrated LIST of Special-
ties, gratis and post-free.

VERTEGANS, Chad Valley N

I, Binningham.

December 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

709

FRIDAY NEXT—

CYPRIPKDIUM GODEFROY^E.

An extensive importation of Twenty-nine Cases of this beautiful Orchid, collected in flower by Mr. C. Roebelen,
and sent over direct by him for Absolute Sale, without the least reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS beg to announce that they will SELL by AUCTION, at

their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, December 16, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, without
the least reserve, by order of Jlr. C. Roebelen, the above extensive importation of CYPRIPEDIUM GODEFROY^E. The whole were collected in
flower, and the spikes on the plants will indicate that many had two flowers on each spike. Full descriptions of the plants will appear in the Catalogue.

Also Two Cases of CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR.
The Sale will include a grand importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRyE of the best type — one of the finest consignments yet received
in this country — from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co. Together with some valuable ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from the well-known collection
of E. Wischhusen, Esq., of Lordship Lane, Wood Green, N,, including Cypripedium Morganoe and Cattleya exoniensis — very fine plants.

On view moniing of Sale, and Catalogues had,

FRIDAY NEXT.

ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRiE,

A Grand Importation^ one of tlte finest yet received in this Country.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Shdttlewobth, Carder & Co.
to INCLUDE in their SALE, on FRIDAY NEXT, December 16, a grand importation of ODONTOGLOS-
SUM ALEXANDER of the best type, in splendid condition ; also a good lot of 0. VEXILLARIUM for
unreserved Sale. q,i uigio morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

DWARF ROSES, extra strong plants, 30s.
per 100 ; strong bushy LAURELS. 12s. per 100 ; LONDON
PLANES for avenues, Jtc 10 to 12 feet. £3 per 100; strong
Pyramid APPLES, PEAES, PLUMS, and DAMSONS, best
kind3. Vis. per 100.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown. Kidderminster.

F

R

E E S.

U I T T R

10,000 VICTOKTA PLUMS.
6,000 GISBORN PLUMS.
S.OOO PRINCE OF WALES PLUMS.
5,000 FAELEIGH PROLIFIC DAMSONS.
20.000 of other good sorts.
20.000 PEARS, in 60 sorts.
40.000 APPLES, in 100 sorts.
Brompton, Brussels, and Common PLUM STOCKS,
strong. 2-yr. wood.
Strong trained Morello CHERRIES.
Price per 100 or 1000, on application to
FLETCHER BROS.. Ottershaw Nursery. Chertsey. Surrey.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

OUR New, Kevised, ILLUSTRATIVE AND
DESCRIPTI^ CATALOGUE of the above, including all
the best new varieties of the year, will be posted during the week
free to all lovers of this flower. Should any fail to be delivered,
please to notify the same. Our stock of both plants and cuttings,
the fonner in 4-inch pots to travel safely anywhere, is the largest
in the world. The siime with our cuttings ; and as we do not
compete, all our energies are devoted to the production of plants,
&c., for the supply of amateurs throughout the Globe, the
success of which is well nigh incredible.

All the good old varieties, our selection, cuttings, li. 6rf. per
dozen ; 10s. per 100 ; 500 varieties, cuttings, 40s. ; plants, £6.
Orders for our Grand Jubilee varieties are dispatched by return
of post.

Mr. W. TRICKER, Gardener to Judge BeTiedict, A«t Dorp,
S./.. New York. U. S. America, November 17, 1887

" Plants came to hand in splendid condition ; I forward you
order for more Chrysanthemums. My collection originally sup-
plied by you, was the admiration of all at the New York Chry-
santhemum Show, where I was awarded Nine First Prizes."

Mr. C. GIBSON, The Gardens, Morden Park. Mitcham,

December, 5. 1SS7.

•■ The Chrysanthemums received in good order; they are a

nic* lot. Many thanks. Send me enclosed order when ready."

H. CANNELL & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWERS,

SWANLBY, KENT.

TRY ROSES from a COLD CLIMATE.—
Unequalled for hardiness, strength, and fibrous roots.
Seventy-five First Prizes awarded this season at leading shows
in England and Scotland. Send tor CATALOGUES to
JAMES COCKER akd SONS. Rose Growers. &c.. Aberdeen.

^iiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

I JO planters!

i Stock Unique i

I & Unequalled, i

|NURSERIES over 200 ACRES =

I MOST MODERATE PRICES. |
I TRUCK LOADS Carriage Free. |

= CATALOGUES GRATIS. |

I Ff'A. DICKSON 'SONS I

E THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN, =

I -CHESTER.— I

iiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiitiiiiiiiiir;

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

4d. per bushel ; lOO for 25s. ; truck Goose, about 2 tons),
40^'. ; 4-bufdiel bags, id, each.

LIGHT BROWU FIBROUS PEAT. 6s. id. per sack j 6 sacks,
25s. : Backs, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, Bs. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel; 15s. per hall
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id, each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Ij. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GAPJ)EN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. O. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately culled 17a, Coal Yard). W.C.

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse.

J STEVENS AND CO. direct supply truck-
• load of 2 tons, *1; in bags, 20, lis.; 40, 26s., bags
included, all free on to rail, Cash with orders.

Greyhound Yard, and 163, High Street, Battetsea, S.W.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best quality, as supplied to the Royal Gardens, i^-c.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. 10 sacks for 10s., 15 for

14s., 20forl8s.,30for25s.; two ton truck, 26s. Freeoaruil,
RUSSIA MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5s. per sock, 5 for 22s. M.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack, 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6d. per bushel; 14s. }-ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 3s. per sack. [26s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAJI 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA, LABELS, STICKS. BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL JUNUBES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack.
SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each Sd. per lb.

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London. S.E.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Orchid PEAT Special

PEAT

For general purposes. Loam. Sand. Leaf-Mould. Sphagnum,
Cocoa-Nut Fibre, Charcoal, and all kinds of Nursery Stock, at
the old-establi^lied Horticultural Sundries Dep6t and Nurseries,
Hingwood, Hants. For Price List apply EPPS &; CO.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY. Comprising the names. History, and
Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full
Eiplanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth. Price26s.

BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D.. F.B.S.. late Eiaminer in Botany. University
of London. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. 6rf.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students.
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo. cloth. Price 6s. id.

LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.
With Illustrations. 8ro. cloth. Price 9s.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMI-
CAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustrations. Svo.
cloth. Price 5s.

LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Self-Instruction and th« Uie of Schools. Pliw
Is. sewed.

London: BRADBURY, AQN^EW AHD CO., 9, Bouyeii*
Street, fi.C,

710

THE GJEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[December 10, 1887.

LAING'S Seedling CHRYSANTHEMUMS
(Japanese). — Agnes Flight, F.C.O., 2.<. id. ; Alba
limbriata. F.C.C., 2s. 6d.; Alpha. F.C.C. 2s. 6i/. ; liertha
Flight, F.C.C, 2s. 6i/. ; Evulyu, Is. 6d. ; Mrs. J. Wnght,
F.C.C, 2s. 6. ; Mr. D. B. Chapman, F.C.C, 2s. id. ; Mr. S.
Clarke, Is. »d. ; Mr. W. H. Burbridge, Is. id. ; P.ose Beauty,
Is. id.; Stanstead White. F.C.C, 2s. id. These distinct
vnrietiesshould be added to every collection. Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE of all the best kinds in cnltivation free on application.
JOHN LALVG AND SUNS, Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
Forest Hill. S.E.

To the Trade only.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND offers to the
Trade SEEDS in limited quantity of the following :
price on application : —
CAHNATION, "WHITE ROSETTE," for Market Growers.
The tinest White, and most floriferoua sort grown, and
deliciously ** Clove-scented." Three plants presented with
quarter ounce orders for trial grounds.
PINK— the Clove-scented " Mrs. Sinkins."
PRIMULA obconica— selected.
NARCISSUS corbnlaria conspi

Planting Season.

The Planting Season having now begun,

RAND A, MORRISON, NUESEEYMEK,
• Elgin, beg to direct the attention of Planters to their
estensive Stocks of FOREST TREES of all kinds, suitable for
Hill Planting, which they are offering at

UNPRECEDENTEDLY LOW PRICES.

Samples and Priced List on application to
B. ASP A. MORRISON.

F R U I T T R E E S.
HUGH LOW & CO.

Invite inspection by intending purchasers of the
very large and fine stock growing at BUSH
HILL PARK NURSERY, easily reached by
trains from Liverpool Street Station of Great
Eastern Railway.

Victoria Plums rind Morello Cherries l(j the 1000.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON-
NOVELTIES FOR 1888

ECKFORD'S CULINARY PEA, *' FAME."

— First-cluds Certiticate EoyiU Horlicultural Society. A
Muin Crop Wrinkled Pea, growing 4 feet, producing pro-
fusely deep green, square ended, well lilled pods. An im-
proved Ne Plus Ultra, comiug into use much earlier thiin
the fine old variety of that name. Flavour exquisite.
la sealed half-piut packets, '2s. ^d. each.

ECKFORD'S CULINARY PEA, ** SHROP-
SHIRE HERO." — Fir-^t-cUisa Certificate Royul Horti-
cultural Society. A Wriukled Pea. of robust growth.
Height, 2J feet. Second early. Produces abundantly
long, square, haiid-;ome, well filled pods; well adapted for
market growers. Flavour exquisite. A great acquiaitiou.
Id sealed half-piut paokets, 2s. ad. each.

ECKFORD'S SWEET PEA, ** SPLEN-
DOUR."—First-class Certificate Koyal Horticultural So-
ciety. Colour, rich bright piukish-rose, shaded with
crimson. Flower, large and of the finest form. A superbly
distinct variety. In sealed packets of 25 seeds, Is.Qcl. each.

ECKFORD'S SWEET PEA, *' APPLE

BLOSSOM."— Th.> standards bright pinkish-rose, the win-s
blu-h. A beautiful Apple Blossom. Very pretty unJ dis-
tinct. Ill sealed packets of 25 seeds, Is.m. each.

ECKFORD'S MIXED SWEET PEAS.—

Special strain, saved from choice uunamed varieties of
Mr. Eckford'd raising, and includes many af great merit.
In sealed packets of 2b seeds, Is. each.

HENRY ECKPORD,

Gardener to Dr. Saukey.
BOREATTON PARK, BASCUURCH, SALOP.
Messrs. HURST i.yT> SO?i. 1.52. Houndsditch. Loudon, E.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST ROSES.

The BEST CAMELLIAS.

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, tc,

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHRUBS,

The BEST PARK and ROADSIDE TREES.

The BEST FRUIT TREES and QBAPE VINES.

The BEST SEEDS, &c..

May be seen and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAUL'S NURSERIES. '

WALTHAM CROSS

(near '* Waltham Cross" Station, Great Eastern Railway, half
i possibl«. Inspection .

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Roots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try William Clibran &, Son, who are probably in i
better posilion than any firm in the kingdom to secure to tlieir customers these desirable conditions. Statements of thi
and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way, a few facts as to the progress of ou

business may be named.
Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; ove
"" ' " "' " Wages paid fir-;t year, about £250. to four men and a boy,

covered with Glass and Building

uployed. Heat then, £36;

9 of ground a
re £5000 per

audstiir

VS^M. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELB NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BO\\'DON ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,

hare the pleasure to q^
Table Decorations.
PALMS, FICUS Er,ASTICA. ASPIDISTRAS, grand plants
for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured; good
plants, for immediate effect. 18s.. 24,!., and aOs.per do/en.
SOLANUMS, full of beautiful berries. 9s., 12s.. and 18s. per
dozen. The finest Stock in the North of England.

Winter Flowers for Indoors.

EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA. bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Spravs. &c., is. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSETTIA PULCHERRUIA, scarlet heads, fls., 12s. perdoz.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and wliite ; and CINERARIAS. 6s.

BOUVARDIAS. beautiful plants, with many shoots. 9s. and

12s. per dozen ; small. 4s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots. 9s. and 13s. per dozen.
Large Clumps ot SI'IRyEA JAPONICA, S. PAXMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS. Tjs. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing. 6s. per 100 ; clumps. 12s. and 15s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARIAS and CALCEOLARlAS.the finest strains.

Is. id. per dozen ; in pots. 2s. id. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud, 12s. and 18s. per dozen.
AZALEA PONTICA. Bs.. 9s.. and I2s. per dozen.
GHE.VT AZALEAS. ISs. and 24s. per dozen.
iVZ ALEA INDICA. a mass of buds. 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the fiTiest sorts.
PRETTY CYTISUS. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, the fine.t variety of all for large white

flowers, freely produced; clumps to produce a number of

tlowers. 24s. and 30s. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS. CANTERBURY RELLS. SWEET WIL-
LIAMS, SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA. MYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA. lovely PRLMROSES ot all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen. 60 for 3s. ,100 for 5s.. or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ABABIS. AUBRIETIAS. DACTYLIS. white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS. PRIMROSE, single while; ANTENNARIA
TOJIENTOSA, ALYSSUM, Is. 3d. per dozen. 8s. per 100.

[fTer General Stock as under : —

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

D.IISIES. red. white, or rose, Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100.

40s. per 1000.
VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours, Is. per

dozen, is. per 100.
PYRETHRIJMS, strong clumps. 4s. per dozen.
HERBACEOUS PL.ANTS in immense variety, of the best

kinds, 3s. per dozen. 21s. per 100.

Roses— Roses— Roses.

DW-ARFS. from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid
Perpetuals. is. per dozen. .3O for 21s.. 100 for 40s.

TEA SCENTED, in pots, the best kinds, los. and 18s. per dozen.

STANDARDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees-Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees.

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds. 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety. Standards and Pyramids, is., 9s.,
and 12s. per dozen; Trained Trees, for Walls. 12s.. 18s.,
and 24s, per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. per dozen ; Trained. 18s.

and 24s. per dozen.
PLUMS. Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. perdoz.; Treined, 24s. per doz.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, 2s., 3s., and 4s. per dozen.
RASPBERRIES. FILLBASKET. Is. per dozen. 6s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sorts. 4s.. 6s., and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boiea,

potrf, &c.. in beautiful little plants, 6s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for jilanting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens. &c., in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, 3s. id.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 6s. per dozen, 3os. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS, lovely kinds. 3s. per doz.. 15s. and 20s. 100.
PLANTS for Hedges. Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

5s. to 15s. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from 15s. to 30s. per

1000; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per lOO; HOLLIES,

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

CATALOGUES FREE.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

(Established 1804.)

FRUITS (74 acres). =-y

kind of tree at low

SHRUBS, &C. (91 acres.) Sv°e^„'/ ?e1eI;

ROSES IN POTS (80,000), Vr^rnllJ^'

los. to ytjs. per dozeu.

ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

4s. per dozen, 25s. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'e Selection).
Ol nAWDLnnltb, Forcing, 'l6s'. to 25s. per 100.

PI C M ATIC White to Dark Purple, Single and Double,
U LL III A 1 1 0, 12s. to 24s. per dozen.

Famous Planting and Forcing Asparagus and Seakale.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, contalnlns an immense amount of useful Information, free on application.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3id. ;
Twenty-five Copies, Ss ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.
Not leas than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W-C.

Decbmbbh 10, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEJRS' CERONICLE.

711

OENTJINE— RELIABLE.

JARMAN'S BULBS.

Collection No. 3, lOOO Choice Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, '2\s. delivered free.
Large Dlustrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(Kk.,imhu.:i.).
CHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

THE BEST CELERIES.

HARRISON'S EARLY ROSE. — The most excellent early
variety, blauches quickly, very solid, crisp, large size, and very
tiue flavour. Per packet, 1^. To the Trade, per dozen pkts., 6s.

HARRISON'S LEICESTER RED.— Ackno\\ledged to be the
best for general use. Prououuced by the Royal Horticultural
Society as the best iu cultiviition ; very solid and crisp, nutty
flavour, and very 'hardy. Per packet, Is. To the Trade, per
dozen packets, 6i".

PEXGELLY WHITE.— The finest white variety, good size,
solid and crisp, splendid quality, very handsome. Per packet.
Is. To the Trade, psr dozen packets. 6s.

Each variety, Free by Post for 12 Stampa.

HARRISON & SONS. Seed Growers, LEICESTER.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NPRSERIES. SAWBRIDGWORTH, HERTS.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 4^. per 100. Plants in small pots. 165. per 100;
ditto in large pots, 2os. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

KICHAKD SMITH and CO., Nnrserymen and Seed
Merchants. Wo

Reduced Prices to meet Depression.

DE S C R I P T I A- E CATALOGUE,
comprij-iiig fine transplanted FRUIT TREES, ROSES,
Hardy CLE.M.VTIS. RHODODENDRONS, CONIFERS,
TREES and SHRUBS, CLIiUJEBS, FOREST TREES, &e.,
free on application to

GEO. JACKMAN & SON,

■n'OKrXG NURSERY, SURREY.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varieties, including
Descriptive " LIST OF New, Rare, and Choice Ferns,"
and**HA.EDY North American Ferns," free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

FOR FORCING.

AZALEAS, fine Ghent ^

,, mixed | Covered

„ PONTICA [ mth

ANDROMEDA FLORIBTJNDA ( Buds.

RHODODENDRONS, fine namedj

SPIR^A PALMATA

~A general as.sortment of NURSERY STOCK, in the finest
possible condition, covering many acres ; one outlying piece of
several acres now being cleared, and great bargains may be
obtained. FRUIT TREES, Trained Pyramids, Standards, &c.

800 yards from Suuningdale Station, S,W,
Railway, one hour from London,

CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT.

Three Days' Aiicfion Sale this month.

BULBS.

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as proved
by hundreds of testimonials.

Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select, and com-
prising important NOVELTIES, on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO..

NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
•WORCESTER.

THE GREAT HARDY NURSERY
PAUL & SON,

OF CII£SIIUNT,

" The Old Nurseries," Established 1807,

Respectfullv in\ite Orders for

ROSES,

in all ways and iu any quantity. The Stock
is exceedingly good this year.

FRUIT TREES.

40,000 Standards, unsurpassed in the country,
and large stocks of Hue trees in all forms,
Jntatdiiig Phmturs should see tit! Trees.

ORNAMENTAL TREES

AND SHRUBS.

Paul & Son have the most varied collection
in England —
Avenua LIMES. HOLLIES, CONIFERS, PICTURE TKEE3,

including all Aoiielties.

HARDY HERBACEOUS

AND ALPINE PLANTS,

grown on 10 acres, at the Broxbourne
Nursery of the firm, in large quantities of

good PLANTS.

The above are amongst the Special Cultures of
the firm. Descriptive CATALOGUES, describ-
ing the actual stock, post-free, on application to

PAUL & SON,

"THE OLD NURSERIES," CHESHUNT.

CATALOGUES,

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEREFORD

(Established 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & GO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,

FOREST TREES,

RHODODENDRONS,

CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers will he made for Large Contracts.

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THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
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NEW EDITION,

Corrected up to Date,

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THE

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1887.

FORCED FLOWERS FOR
"RIXTER.

NO phase of modern gardening is possessed of
an interest equal to that displayed in the
cultivation of plants for the decoration of the
conservatory and dwelling during the gloomy
months of winter. The particular fashion of
bedding-out prevalent during the period begin-
ning with 1850, and now happily less eagerly
followed, ran it very close in general popularity
for many years ; Orchid cultivation is, at the
present time, another rival ; but both of these
features of modern horticulture can of necessity
be indulged in only by the man of large means,
whereas winter-gardening finds its admirers and
earnest practitioners amongst all classes. Even
those whose means or environment do not admit
their being the possessors of a " bit of a glass-
house," or a garden frame, can still have their
plants in the window, in the Fern case ; and their
bouquets of flowers. Ferns, and foliage, in vases.
The decrease of " bedding-out " has in many
establishments placed at the disposal of the
gardener a considerable amount of space in the
forcing-houses ; and to what better use could such
be put than to the growth and preparation of
half-hardy and hardy subjects, hard-wooded, soft,
and bulbous plants, for employment in the con-
servatory, greenhouse, and dwelling during De-
December and the following months of winter ?
The months of Oetober and November are not
those of winter in a floricultural sense, and the
flowers which are used to enliven them are not
those to which " forcing " in the ordinary sense
needs to be applied to hasten the opening of
their flower-buds. The Chrysanthemum, Poin-
settia, zonal Pelargonium, Tree Carnation. Bou-
vardias, late-flowering Fuchsias, Nerines, and
Primulas of many sections, afford us then, and
later, plenty of flower, even if it be that of such
hackneyed kinds as those mentioned.

712

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Dkcembee 10, 1887.

The true winter flora begins with the advent
of the Roman Hyacinths and Van Thol and Tour-
nesol Tulips, neither of these sun-loving flowers
looking very happy in our sunless winter days,
but yet affording a bit of bright tinting that
could be ill-spared. Camellias soon make their
appearance after the commencement of Decem-
ber, from plants put under a special course of
treatment as early as the previous February or
March ; so that the early ripened wood shall put
forth its flower-buds as soon as the end of July.

Indian Azaleas are indispensable in all good
gardens, and of the much sought-after white
varieties that so often do duty on festive occa-
sions, none are so good in every way as Deutsche
Perle — a large, sweetly perfumed semi-double
flower; Fielder's White, and the old white variety,
still thought one of the best by market men.
In reds, roses, and purples, the choice is em-
barrassing, and we need not specify them, but we
cannot avoid di'awing well deserved attention to
a showy, large flowered purple, seldom seen
now in collections — the Azalea purpurea. It
is present in most, but unsuspected, as it
forms the stock on which the other varieties
are most frequently " worked." With these
appear Itiohardia rethiopica, very well grown
now by gardeners and maAet growers, and
treated differently to what was the case years
ago, when that unfortunate Aroid stood
in the same pot for years without other
attentions than being kept well watered in
iummer, and severely dry in winter. Gardenias
can be obtained with ease at this season of the
year, and are grateful to most persons, and those
to whom the odour is objectionable may fall
back on some of the new double-flowered tuber-
ous Begonias, or those of the Mexican Choisya
ternata, or the flowers of Carnation The Bride,
all of which may be had in flower in the winter,
and supply its place admirably.

In orange and yellow, pink and rosy-red flowers,
fine additions have been made in recent years in
the case of numerous varieties of Azalea mollis.
These are uncommon tints, which the older gar-
deners found only in the straggling growing
Ghent Azalea, and in A. sinensis — the last a
lovely thing, but always too scarce with us.

Among the more important plants neady to
the band of the forcing gardener are Rhododen-
dron hybridum, and the warm-house varieties in-
cluding the beautiful species and hybrids of Rhodo-
dendron raised by Veiteh, Williams, and others,
looking like Brobdingnagian corymbs of Jasmine
bloom, but vieing with Azalea mollis in their rich
tints. The first-named species of Rhododendron
furnishes numerous varieties well adapted to force,
of which we need only mention a few : — Everest-
ianum, a lovely rosy-lilac ; Helen Waterer,
one of the purest whites ; Brayanum,
a vivid crimson ; Blandyanum, rosy-crim-
son ; Atrosanguineum, and Nero, a large
purple— very bright. The varieties of Rho-
dodendron arhoreum, consisting chiefly of
shades of crimson come into flower with but
little forcing late in the winter, and naturally,
during the months of spring. These are noble
looking plants when grown as standards, and
should find a place wherever large houses exist.
Whilst among peat-loving plants, Andromedas
and Kalmias should not be forgotten, as they
both bear, without injury, a certain amount of
mild forcing. Hitherto plants with persistent
foliage, with few exceptions, formed the subject of
comment, but the deciduous section furnishes like-
wise a large proportion of subjects amenable to
various methods of forcing, so as to furnish flowers
in the winter, sometimes with and at others
without their foliage. The first place must be

accorded to the indispensable Lilac, in great
variety, the supply of which is at present in the
hands of our French neighbours, who have learnt
the treatment necessary to secure beautiful
plumes of snowy whiteness so early as the middle
of November. AVe ought to do as well in our
southern counties, and grow also small flori-
ferous standards of Lilac in pots for use in the
spring, if not during winter itself. Deutzia
gracilis is another plant we could not well spare ;
and for later flowering I), crenata, a stronger
growing but more graceful plant, with faint pink-
tinted flowers, and doing quite as well in a pot or
tub. As standards or bushes, few things are
prettier than the double white and pink varieties
of the Cherry, especially the latter, a novelty
from Japan. With these naturally assort Al-
monds, Prunns in variety, and Peaches with
double flowers. These three last named are ex-
cellent in effect when used sparingly among
Palms, Ferns, Fjous, Camellias, &c.

In our list of the plants available for forcing
mention must be made of Staphylea colchica, a
species of Bladder-nut with pendulous racemes
of white flowers, larger than those of the better
known ternata (fig. 1.3", p. 713); of various
Spirteas, notably japonica and S. callosa ; of
Hydrangea hortensis and II. paniculata.

The gardener who turns his peacheries and
vineries, as they become started for the season,
into miscellaneous plant forcing-houses as well,
would do well to pay particular attention to the
cleanliness of the plants brought into them, for
the mealy-bug that so frequently infests Gar-
denias, Crinums, and Euoharis, and the thrips
nearly always found on Azalea indica, are sure
to find congenial quarters on the permanent
inmates of the houses. Fruit-houses, therefore,
would be more appropriately employed if set apart
as store houses in which the hardy plants, ex'er-
green and deciduous, could be harboured pre-
viously to being brought into the forcing house
proper — the latter an adjunct to the garden
which should never be wanting where quanti-
ties of flowers are required in the winter. In
small gardens, where the requirements are
limited, a brick forcing pit which admits of the
inmates being attended to in any state of the
weather would sufiice. And to warrant success
either in a small or large way, the preparatory
treatment of all the plants intended to be forced
must be of the proper kind. Generally speaking,
this will consist in endeavouring to get the
flowering wood, tubers, bulbs, and corms, well
ripened early in the season ; in full exposure to
sun-heat — in so far as hardy plants are concerned
— and in permitting no check to growth from the
attacks of insects.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

KNIPHOFIA KIRKII, Bahi; n. sp*
This is an interesting new species, closely allied to
the well-known Kniphofla Uvaria, which has just
flowered at Kew for the first time. It was sent to
the garden by Sir John Kirk in 1884. We do not
know its exact station, but no doubt it came from
some of the mountainous regions of the interior of
South-east Tropical Africa. Besides the Abyssinian
species and one from the highlands of Madacascar,
two other Kniphofias have lately been discovered in
that part of the world— one by Mr. Joseph Thomson

" Kiiiphofia Kirkii, n. sp. — Foliis eDsiformibus 5—6 pcdalibug
acuminatis utrinque virUiibus margiue vix acaberulis, pedun-
culo valido foliis paulo breviori, floribua dense racemosis,
pedicellisbrevibus; bracteismagaisobtusisconcavis; perianthio
subcylindrico 16—17 lin. longo, segmentis parvia rotundotis;
geaitalibus demum brevissime.exsertis. /. G. B,

on Mount Kilimanjaro (K. Thomson!, Baker), and
another by Mr. Buchanan in the Zambesi coimtrj-, on
the slopes of Mount Zamba.

Leaves ensiform, 5 — 6 feet long, 1.^ inch broad
low down, tapering gradually to a long point, green
on both sides, very acutely keeled, scarcely at all
scabrous on the edge. Peduncle 4 feet long, bearing
two large bract leaves. Flowers in a dense raceme ;
pedicels very short ; bracts oblong, thick, concave,
quarter to half an inch long. Perianth subcylindrical,
reddish-orange, sixteen to seventeen lines long, quarter
of an inch in diameter in the upper half; segments
suborbicular. Anthers oblong, one-eiglith of an inch
long, those of the longest stamens just exserted
beyond the tips of the segments. J, G. Baker.

Alocasia marginata, N. E. Br., n. sp.

There is a little mystery connected with this fine
new Aroid ; it is something like the mysterious coin
or ring with which a conjuror performs, and which,
after being apparently deposited in one place, is
afterwards discovered in some other unexpected
locality.

All tlie species of Alocasia hitherto known
are natives of the East Indian region, but this one
was introduced this year b}' Mr. Bull, from Brazil !
There can he no mistake about this, as Mr. Bull was
kind enough to show me the letters and documentary
evidence concerning it ; for all that, it is somewhat
difficult to believe that this plant is a genuine native
of Brazil ; still, until it is proved to have been intro-
duced there, we must accept the evidence as it stands,
and should it really prove to be a Brazilian plant,
the fact will lend an additional interest to what is
really a bold habited foliage plant ; and I may note
a similar singularity of distribution obtains in the
genus Spathiphyllum, which is confined to Tropical
America, with the exception one East Indian species.
The following are the characters of Mr. Bnll's
interesting novelty : — ■

Petioles 2 — 3} feet long, stout, sheathing from
one- third to one-half the way up, light or pale green
(the young ones rosy-tinted), marked throughout,
and very densely on the basal part, with irregular
zigzag bars of blackish-brown, formed of short con-
tiguous lines, the sheath broadly margined with
blackish-brown, and sometimes with some broad
stripes of the same colour near the border. Blade of
the leaf lit — 2 feet long, 11 — 14 inches broad, broadly
cordate-ovate, margin slightly sinuate, and rounded
into a shortly-pointed apex ; basal lobes 5 — 6 inches
long, and about the same in breadth, oblong, very
obtusely rounded at the apex, with a deep narrow
sinus between them, sometimes they overlap one
another ; upper surface dark green, under surface
dull leaden-green, or sliglitly purple-tinted, with
pale reddish-tinted midrib and nerves, which
are slightly prominent above, more prominent
beneath, and rounded on both sides ; primary
lateral nerves five to six on eacli side of the raid-
rib ; the hindward branches of the midrib giving off
three lateral nerves from their upper edge, and two
from their lower edge, all the nerves are straight or
slightly sinuous, not regularly curved. Peduncle
about 0 — 10 inches long, subterete, pale rose-
coloured, barred in a similar manner to the petiole,
but more sparsely. Spathe tube 1 — IJ inch long,
gi-een, more or less marked with blackish lines and
dots; lamina 4.} — 5); inches long, about 2 inches
broad, a little arching forward, oblong, boat-shaped,
obtuse with a mucron a quarter of an inch long, pale
greenish-white, paler inside, usually marked on the
back with stripes and spots of dull purple. Spadix
6 — 7 inches long, exceeding the spathe; female part
half an inch long, ovaries closely packed and
angular from compression, pale green with yellowish-
white stigmas ; neuter organs between ovaries and
male part occupying about half an inch, milk-white;
male part three-quarters of an inch long, anthers
milk white with pink pores ; appendix compressed,
terete, acute, cream-coloured.

The name is given in reference to the blackish-
brown margins of the leaf-sheaths. N. E. Brown
Herbarium, Kcw.

December 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' C HE ON I CLE.

713

MiLTONIA SPECTABILIS (Lllldl.) RADIANS (I^L'kh.f.).

A very fine instance of what I propose to call
tiilabelliacontinua [" irregular peloria " of Masters]
(not peloria, as that would involve a tritepalia) has
occurred lately in the grand collection of Sir Trevor
LawTenc^, Bart., M.P. The first specimen was sent
me in November, 1886. The petals, which were not
unusually broad, had at their bases four mauve-purple
bars, and at the very base a yellow stripe in the

continua. Mr. W. Lee's plant of Oncidium pnctex-
tum Leeanum, an analogous thing, had borne no
flowers for two years. Usually, this means in this
affinity of Oncidium crispura "French leave."' Bat
Mr. W. Lee does not like that system, and sent his
plant to his fine " orchidic hospital." There it has
recovered, and when replaced amidst its ancient
friends it has flowered once more this summer
as the totally abnormal variety. The assistance 1

as tall. The lignlate acute leathery leaf has its long
petiolar part very thick, very dark green, and under-
neath there is a purple hue. The peduncle is one-
flowered, pedicel very long, bract small, sheath-like,
just as lax as in the grand sister. The cohering
cap has a strong angular mentum, and is nearly one-
lifth the length of the whole flower, including the
tails. The upper tri.angle is prolonged into a much
longer strong tail. The lateral sepals have very

Fig. 137.— staphtlea coichica : flowers white : A winter-forcing plant, (see p. 712.)

centre — all longitudinal of course. The plant made
wonderful progress this year. Its much larger flower
appeared as early as August, and the petals were very
much broader. They were tinted with the lightest
purple, and covered with the warmest dark purple
stripes, and between them at the base were some
yellow stripes. It was quite magnificent. It is very
interesting to see how such abnormal beauties pro-
pagate by their fresh breaks, decidedly partly
nourished by the contents of the old bulbs which
gave origin to the original abnormal flowers.
I may add a most astonishing case of "trilabellia "

have had for a series of years from the gentleman
above-named must be acknowledged with warmest
thanks. H. G. Bchh.f.

Masdevallia sororcula, n. i>p.

This is the younger sister of Jl. elephanticeps
itself. It is nearly the same thing in shape and in
its long tails. There are but two strong diff'erences
excepting colours and smaller size. The angular
projection at the oiigin of the fissure of the
lateral sepals is not developed, and the lip is most
decidedly three-Iobed. It is scarcely more than half

short free triangles and long tails. Petals ligulate
acute ; lip three-lobed ; side-lobes rounded ; central
lobe elliptic, hispid. Column with an argute border
around the lateral angles and androclinium.

The perigone is greenish outside. There are
tliree lines of purple dots over the chief veins of
the upper part, .and similar lines, but rather obscure,
are to be seen on the lateral sepals. The inner side
of the median sepal is pallid, with three purple
lines inside of the lateral sepals, quite purple, with
greenish tails. Petals white, with a dark purple mid-
line evanescent in the apex. Side lobes and disc

71i

THE GAUD E NEILS' ClinoniCLE.

[December 10, 18S7.

cf the lip with a reil mid-line, white .Trljacent areas,
purple siile-Iobes with dark cloudy Indian-purple
spots, mid-lobe indian-purple.

Wlien visiting Sir Trevor Lawrence's glorious
collection in the possessor's absence in September,
1886— Messrs. J. Day, 'VV. Lee, and 1 saw this
curiosity in flower, and I obtained the single flower
and a leaf. This year, when at the same orchidic
Eldorado with Mr. J. D.iy, guided by Sir Trevor
himself, there was no vestige of a flower. The
species of this affinity are very shy flowerers. Thus
I publish the plant after having so much desired to
see a second flower. It is very awkward to describe
a species from one flower only — often it is quite
impossible; in this case there are at least most
remarkable characters, the constancy of which we
may hope to experience. //. G. R,:hh.f.

A HOLIDAY IN SOUTHERN AND
CENTRAL FRANCE

{Conthuied from p. li^i.)
From Lotjedes to riEnnEFiTTE,— Nestalas is the
terminus of the railway in this direction. The line
passes through an interesting and picturesque
valley. "Various shrubby Leguminosa: were abund-
ant on the dry gravelly slopes, high above the water-
courses, but as tliey were not in flower, and w-e could
not get pieces for e.xamination, we cannot say more
than that they appeared to be species of Genista.
Pierrefitte is situated at an elevation of 497 metres
above sea-level. The road to Cauterets, more than
6 miles long, is one of the finest in the Pyrenees, and
must have considerably tried the skill of the French
military engineers. It ascends a savage defile with
the mountains on each side, abruptly rising from
the gave— a name, by the way, everywhere employed
for mountain torrent in the Pyrenees. In some
places the mountain sides were clothed with Beech.
Fir, and Birch — these generally stop in the Pyrenees
at an elevation of 2000 metres— and Pines and
Juniper, wliich with llhododendron ferrugineum, as
a rule, disappear at 2500 metres. The lower parts
of the bleak, desolate, non-wooded slopes, were
apparently covered with nothing but a sparse growth
of Erica scoparia — a species, by the way, which in old
gardens and arboreta in this country is generally
misnamed E. arborea, a distinct Heath, abundant
near the Mediterranean. Sambucus racemosns, the
scarlet-fruited Elder, was conspicuous enough ; where
its roots could obtain a sufficiency of food, it had
attained the proportions of a small tree, but
on mossy rocks with no soil, plants not larger
than a specimen Heath at a London exhibition were
laden with the brightly coloured fruits. Lonicera
nigra, a dwarf bush Honeysuckle with black berries,
was also noted ; and in open spots at the lower end of
the valley the pretty large yellow-flowered Ononis
natrix. In the neighbourhood of Cauterets the
charming little Gypsophila repens, with its flesh
coloured flowers, and Anthyllis montana, with
purplish-rose blossoms, were frequent on the way-
side. Cauterets itself, one of the first of the
watering-places in the Pyrenees, is situated at a
height of 932 metres above the sea. During the
earlier part of the season this must be a perfect
paradise for the peripatetic botanist.

Luz TO Gavaenie.
As time was an object with ns, no attempt v.ns
tnade to cross the mountains on foot, and we had
to ride from Cauterets to Pierrcfltte and ascend the
valley of the Gave de Pan to Luz. Here there was
little of botanical interest. The only notes in my
memorandum-hook refer to a curious church, attri-
buted to the Templars of the twelfth century; not
only is this crenellated and fortified — as are many in
the Pyrenees— but it is still further defended bv a
fortified enclosure. In the church there are twelve
skulls, wliich are said to be those of the knights who
wers slain in 1307, when the order was abolished.
The village of Gavarnie, about a dozen miles from
Pierrefitte, and at an elevation of 1.350 metres,

appears close to the famous Cirque, the bottom of
which is IGiO metres .above the sea. It, however,
takes an hour's walk before the entrance is reached,
and half an hour more to get to the cascade — as far
as height is concerned the first of European water-
falls, the stream, when water is abundant, forming a
single fall of 422 metres. It is somewhat of a
temptation to enlarge on the beauties of this magnifi-
cent natural amphitheatre, surrounded by mountains
from 8000 to 10,000 feet in height, whose peaks are
covered with eternal snow; but a full account of these
can be found in the guide-books of Baedeker, .Joanne,
or Murray. In the short grass of the small fields near
the village of Gavarnie were thousands of the purple
Colchicum-like flowers of Merendera bulbocodium ;
and in the niches of rocks by the wayside, number-
less clumps of Ramondia pyrenaica and Primula in-
tegrifolia. Clambering down towards the noisy
stream to get at some blue and yellow Aconites — A.
napellus and A. lycoctonum — we came upon a bunch
of fresh stems of Lilium pyrenaicura which some col-
lector had tired of carrying and had thrown away.
About here, too, we had the pleasure of finding for
the first time the beautiful little Linaria alpina, also
Acttea spicata, the Baneberry of the limestone
copses of "y'orkshire and Westmoreland. Rhododen-
dron ferrugineum was abundant on the rocky slopes,
&c., and when the Cirque w.as reached the tall stems
of the so-called English Iris, I. xiphioides, were con-
spicuous. Late as was the period of our visit some
of these still showed the colour of their flowers. In
chinks of the almost perpendicular limestone moun-
tain near the waterfall the beautiful rosettes of Saxi-
fr.aga longifolia were plentiful, most of them safe
enough from even thecoolest headed of mountaineers.
Along the course of the glacier-fed stream, there con-
fined to the centre of its broad rocky bed, there was
a fringe of Pinus uncinata varying a good deal in siie
and general habit.

Close here, 'too, is thehabitat of Dioscorea pvrenaica
(the only member of the genus Dioscorea of which
Europe can boast), a species of small stature resembling
in general aspect one from Chili. This was collected
and distributed by M. Bordere, a schoolmaster at
Gidre, whose labours connected with the Pyrcnean
flora have been recognised by his being decorated
with ribbon of the Legion of Honour. Sample
fascicles of Pyrenean plants, carefully dried, localised,
and correctly named by this gentleman, are to be met
with in the hotels in this part of France.

MoxTBEjE.vr.
Situated on a plateau, above the Garonne, whence
a splendid view of the Central Pyrenees is to be had.
this thriving and interesting little town, although
well worth a visit, seems neglected by the great
majority of tourists. In the broad valley of the
Garonne the vineyards are apparently well managed,
and the "Vines clear of disease ; but they were culti-
vated on a plan which was new to us as far as
France is concerned. The common JIaple, Acer
campestre, seemingly propagated from cuttings, and
grown on with single stems to a height of o or 6 feet,
and then headed in, is planted in rows 6 or 8 feet
apart, and 8 or 10 feet or more from row to row.
Two or three Vines are planted at the foot of each,
and the canes fastened to the stems. Both Vines
and Maples are apparently spurred back when the
leaves fall, but during the period of growth the
Vines are allowed to run at random amongst the
branches of the Maple to which they attach them-
selves by means of their tendrils ; the under cro|i
was tor the most part Buckwheat, the seeds of which
are ground into flour and used for making bread.
From a picturesque point of view this mode of culti-
vating Vines is superior to the system which obtains
in so many places of growing them to single stakes
little more than 2 feet high. In spite of the poetry
which surj-ounds the Vine, a vineyard under such
conditions is not more beautiful, when seen even
at a short distance, than an English Potato field.
On manure heaps, &c., by the roadside between the
station of Montrejeau and the town, we noticed the
Quingombo of the Brazilians, Hibiscus esculentus,

with its curious fruits, which in many ti'opical
countries are cooked as a vegetable. This part of
the country is an Apple-growing one, and Mistleto
was quite at home ; indeed in some orchards Apple
trees were actually killed by the parasite. In the
tov/n itself, too, a large number of the broad-eaved
houses had bunches of Mistleto suspended over the
doors or from the balconies.

Sr. BeUTRANU DJi CoMINGES.

This curious old Merovingian town — famous
enough under the Romans — is now principally
visited on account of its cathedr.al, one of the most
remarkable in Southern France. On the ruined
crumbling walls of the town we noticed a large
number of familiar plants, amongst which may be
mentioned the Wallflower, Sedum Fabaria, S. album,
and S. reflexum, Centranthus ruber. Erinus alpinus,
Silene otites, and Asplenium Trichomanes, A.
Ceterach, the Scale Fern, and the Wall Rue, A.
llutamuraria. Between the walls of two houses in
one of the narrow streets was a sheet of the common
Polypody of extraordinary size — the fronds measuring
2 feet long. The only other point of " garden "
interest which we noticed inside the town was a
group of which a statue of the Virgin, built into a
wall, formed tlie centre ; the shrine was flanked on
each side by China Roses in full flower, and its
summit crowned with Opuntia, all growing from
between the chinks of the stones. Outside the walls
of the town, on one of the very steep slopes, were
some fine trees of the small-leaved Lime, Tilia cor-
data, perhaps better known under the name of T.
parvifolia. The dwarf Elder or Danewort, Sam-
bucus ebulus, was abundant, but this appears to be
one of the conmonest plants of France, as during our
travels of upwards of two thousand miles we perhaps
did not miss a day without seeing it. N,

TOBACCO CULTIVATION
ENGLAND.

IN

A coNFEREKCE of English Tobacco growers was held
on Thursd.ay, December 1, at the Salisbury Hotel, Salis-
bury Square, Fleet Street, under the presidency of Sir
E, Birkbeck, JI.P. Among those present were — Mr.
Kn ins- Jackson, Mr. Faunce de Laune, Mr. Sharman
(Carter & Co.), Jlr. C. C. Knight (Farnham), Mr.
Wigan (Kent). Mr. John Graves (Boston), Mr. Kerr
(Dumfries), Jlr. Moore (Chelmsford), and the Rev.
Wyndham Madden (Kent). Specimens of English
grown Tobacco, as well as cigars and cigarettes
manufactured from Tobacco grown in difi'erent parts
of the United Kingdom, were exhibited in the room.
After a short discussion.

The Chairman said tliat they all mnst be agreed
that they had to contend against many obstacles,
dirticulties, and novelties. With regard to the pre-
sent season they had had a very dry summer followed
by a cold and damp September, besides which, he was
sorry to say, they had encountered many difficulties
with the Inland Revenue authorities, though he was
bound to add, as regarded his own district, that the
Inland Revenue had rendered him every possible
assistance. Among the growers there was more than
ever a spirit of determination to persevere with
Tobacco culture in England, and they were convinced
that they would ultimately be able to master all the
difficulties they had had to contend with. He be-
lieved that in the future Tobacco culture in England
could be made as successful as it was 200 years ago,
when it was prohibited by Act of Parliament. As
regarded his own crop he would simply sivy that he had
grown four sorts during the year — viz., the "Vir-
ginian, the Big Frederick, the Kentucky, and the
Yellow Prior. He had been rather severely criticised
by Mr. Kains-Jackson because he had topped his
Tobacco, reducing the number of leaves to about
eight, but he felt it was far better to have a small
number of leaves with better quality than to have
more leaves and an inferior quality. For some reason
or other this year the curing of his Tobacco had been
far easier, the leaves had turned much quicker, and
he had not had the difliculties that were usitally met,

Decembek 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

715

This might have been in consequence of liis liaving
utilised a malt-house for curing the Tobacco. lie
suggested that growers of English Tobacco sliould
take into their consideration the question of having
a central bonded warehouse in London where they
could send their crops when they were dried, so that
they might be under the control of one or more com-
petent persons. The warehouse would be an im-
mense help to the Inland Kevenue authorities, inas-
much as they would only have to watch ( ne ware-
house instead of numerous premises, and when any
grower desired to remove his Tobacco to sell it he
might be allowed to do so. He had received a letter
from Lord Walsingham expressing great regret at
his inability to be present, and enclosing an account
of the culture of a quarter of an acre of Tobacco at
Merton, in Norfolk. It was Lord Walsingham's
opinion that Tobacco of commercial value could be
grown in England in many varieties. He would
merely add, in conclusion, that he could see no right
or justice in maintaining the duty on home-gi'OW"n
Tobacco.

]Mr. Kains-Jackson said that in the month of
September last he sent out to the chief Tobacco-
growers in England a series of questions with respect
to their modes of culture and the methods they
adopted for curing the leaf, and he had received in
many cases most interesting answers, which, if
printed, would form a most useful book. The London
Chamber of Commerce were offering two prizes, of
£50 each — one for the best specimens of foreign
grown leaves, and the other for those of home-
grown.

Jlr. Wigan, Mr. Knight. Mr. Graves, and Jlr.
Madden having related their experiences in connec-
tion with home-grown Tobacco,

Mr. Sharman said that, with regard to the cultiva-
tion of Tobacco by Messrs. Carter this year, they had
had something like sixty-four varieties. They had
sent to every quarter of the globe, and had obtained
every possible variety of seed, and, as far as he could
see, they had not made any very great mistake as to
the sort which they had already stated to be the best
for general cultivation in this country. The yellow
Tobaccos would no doubt pay better than the darker
sorts, and the Kentucky and the 'White Burley, and,
for bulk, the Big Frederick and the Connecticut,
were perhaps the best. In his opinion the home-
grown leaf was essentially a cigar leaf and not a
pipe leaf.

After a short discussion it was decided that a
committee should be formed to arrange for an
adjourned meeting, to authorise the printing of such
reports as might be considered useful, and to con-
sider the question of a central bonded warehouse for
maturing and perfecting the crops, and the desira-
bility of drafting a Bill to lay before Parliament as
to the conditions under which Tobacco land in the
United Kingdom might be cultivated ; the committee
to consist ol Lord Walsingham, Sir E. Birkbeck, Jlr.
Kains-Jackson, Mr. Faunce de Laune, and Jlr.
Wigan.

The proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to
the Chairman. Tiiiics, Dec. 2.

OE ANGE S.

Eablt this year Jlr. Corner, of Xew I'ork, who h.ad
been travelling in Brazil, brought me some Oranges
of enormous size, as he knew I was interested in any
new commercial plant. He said that he found
them in small quantities, and he thought that they
would be a 'great treat in London and New York, as
they were so full of juice.

Jly first impression on seeing them was that he
had made a mistake, and that they were large
Pomelos, for they measured 4} inches in diameter.
The one I opened had a thin v'ellow skin, and
looked internally like an Orange, and the flavour
was remarkably fine, in no way resemblin" a
Shaddock or Pomelo, but only like an Orange, but
it was without pips.

The vendor told him that he could not take them
to Europe for they would not support the voyage,

and to a certain extent this was verified, for few
reached here in good condition, although every care
was bestowed on the packing, and any that went oft
were removed. I sent over to one of my correspondents
a description, and asked if I could have a few plants
sent over in a Wardian case.

I next heard that search was being made, and then
that the Royal JIail steamer had brought me some
packages of Orange trees, and the agent, acting
promptly as he usually does when receiving live
plants, sent them out to my house at Sydenham.

1 found, much to my surprise, that my correspon-
dent had sent home sixty trees, measuring below the
graft 2 inches to 3\ inches in circumference, and
nearly as much above, and having a height of from
4 to 5 feet, and that they had arrived in fine order.
The bold growth showed that they could not have
been got into a Wardian case.

On discussing the matter of this large shipment
with Jlessrs. Keeling & Hunt, the largest Oiange
brokers in the City, they advised me to see Jlr. .J.
Kaibil, and after discussing the position with hiiu,
he dwelt on the dilficulty of transporting the fruit in
a sound condition, yet,' if Oranges such as these
could be produced in a ripe state, they would com-
mand a high price. It was his opinion that it would
pay to grow these trees in greenhouses here, as only
those who have travelled know the splendid flavour
of a freshly culled ripe Orange.

As far as Italy is concerned, supposing that the
law admitted the introduction of trees — which it does
not, owing to the fear of Phylloxera — it would be
useless oflering them to the owners of plantations,
as their trade has been ruined by the American
Orange markets, Florida and California producing
such fine fruit. He even doubted if they would go
to the trouble of grafting the stock.

I learned during the course of conversation that
the spot found best for Oranges is that on the sandy
slope of a hill where Fir trees have grown ; but
Orange trees will not support continuous frosts. He
thought that there was much to be done in sending
high-class Orange stocks to the Cape, Australia, and
Egypt. A demand was sure to arise for high-class
fruit, not only for consumption on the spot, but for
transport on the steam lines. I shall be glad to let
any Botanic Gardens or gentlemen interested have
some of the plants at cost price. T/ios. Christ;/.

Foreign Correspondence.

NARCISSUS.

" F. W. B." has associated my name with some en-
quiries made respecting the Dutch literature concern-
ing Narcissus, in the Gardeners' Chronicle, of Nov. 26
last, p. 666. I shall try to answer the questions made.
I am not acquainted with any special monograph of
Narcissus published in Holland ; the only special
treatise on Narcissus I am acquainted with in the
Dutch language is that of Jlr. H. Witte, the well
known curator of the Botanic Garden at the Leyden
University. This is a popular pamphlet, of serenty-
si.x small 8vo pages, and forms Nos. xiii. — xiv. of
a series of popular treatises published under the
title of Floralia Haiidbockje voor de Kennis cii het
Kweekcii van LieicUngs Bloemcn, published at the
Hague (Henri J. Hemberg), 1882. It is a similar
undertaking to the series Lieblivgs Blu/iien, published
in German, by Jloritz Kuhl, at Leipsic ; the Dutch
pamphlets, however, are not translations but original
papers.

There is no special Dutch work wherein a lai-ger
number of varieties of Narcissus Tazetta are figured
and described. The best series in our time of
figures of bulbous plants is the Album van Eeden,
Flora of Haarlem, Coloured Plates of Dutch Bulbs and
Bulbous Plants, edited by A. C. van Eeden & Co.,
Haarlem, 1872—1881. Tliis work, which was pub-
lished in one edition with Dutch text and in another
one with English text, gives, besides those of other
kinds of Narcissus, three plates of Narcissus Tazetta,
viz., pi. 10— Grand Monarque and Grand Soleil d'Or ;
pi. 58— three unnamed varieties, one dark yellow,
one sulphur, one white ; pi. 110— the double Roman
and the paper-white or totus albus.

In 1794 there was published at Amsterdam (T. B.
Elwe) a periodical, in 4to, under the title of
Kcderlau'Isch Blocnv.verk door een Ge;:elschap Geleer-
den, wherein a number of bulbous plants are described
and figured. Here are coloured plates of the fol-
lowing:— N. Tazetta, pi. 12; N. afiicanus flavus,
Polyanthos, pi. 24 ; N. latifolius flore primus flavo,
pi. 37 ; N. d'Argiers, Polyanthos totus luteus.
There are besides a few other Narcissus flgured.
As was the fashion of the time, there is figured
on every plate some insect. As far as I know there
are no drawings of Narcissus preserved in any of
the public libraries in Holland. In my private
collection of drawings there are some of Narcissus,
but not of paramount scientific interest. As for the
varieties of Narcissus Tazetta now existing in
Dutch collections, the gi'eater part of them are of
more recent origin. In a catalogue sent out by the
firm of Voorhelm und Schneevoogt at Haarlem,
in 1788, I find the following varieties which exist
at present in collections mentioned, viz.: — Golden
yellows, Etoile d'Or; yellow and orange, Aigle
d'Or, Grand Soleil d'Or ; white with orange,
Bazelman major, Bazelman minor, a double flower;
white with citron. Czar de Moscovie, Luna, Primo
Citronia. All the others (about 150 varieties) are prob-
ably totally out of cultivation, having become super-
seded by the introduction of much better varieties.
The varieties now in cultivation, with the exception
of a few older ones, are the gains of the latter part
of the present century and from different origin,
but all from Dutch seedlings. The first who ob-
tained a large number of such novelties, of which
many h.ave now a stand.ard position in collections,
was the old firm of Valentine Schertzer & Sons, of
Haarlem.

In a recently published note on Polyanthus Nar-
cissus are mentioned the large number of varieties
of Polyanthus Narcissus cultivated in Holland. I
agree with the writer of th.at note, that twenty-
five or thirty of the best varieties are sufficient for
ordinary purposes, but for an amateur collector of
these Narcissus a much larger number of varieties
may be acceptable, as there may be found a much
greater number which are readily distinguished one
from the other, and all have fine fiowers. It is, how-
ever, rather difticult, if not impossible, to give in
words a good account of the distinctions of the vari-
ous varieties (of these as well as of other florists'
plants), by examination of only a few specimens. To
obtain a good idea of the difterences between two
such varieties, a larger number of individuals grown
on the same ground must be examined, and the
prominent points of difference will then easily be
found, and if once these have been imprinted on the
memory, later they may be detected in every single
specimen. I think the salient points of distinction
between varieties of florists' flowers ought to rest on
the same system ; for if the exact portrait be given
of a single specimen of any particular variety, it may
happen that it does not possess the standard charac-
teristics of that variety ; but if the painter's first
studies are directed to the delineation of points of
general differfence between two or more varieties,
those characteristics in which these differences prin-
cipally consist can be faithfully given in the por-
traiture. J. H. Krelage, Haarlem.

Hawaii.
The photograph sent herewith represents interior
of the best private greenhouse in the Hawaii Islands,
and the genial proprietor makes any lover of plants
welcome. As the thermometer seldom is below 60°
Fahr., the chief need of glass is to insure protection
from winds and rain. All the n.ative Ferns that will
grow near the sea-level, and all exotic Ferns obtain-
able, are here collected, and planted out, as the
paths are dug out like trenches. I should say many
Filmy Ferns, as beautiful as Todea superba, flourish
in the mountains, but refuse to live in Honolulu;
while Adiantum Farleyense makes superb fronds,
and scarcely any rhizomes. The centre plant is a
Jtaranta, and many Orchids are also grown ; Jlexican
and Central American species do not flourish (they
do well nailed to trees at a higher altitude in some
of the other islands), butPhalrenopsis, Saccolabiums,
and Dendrobes, are at their best, making fine
growths, and flowering freely. The soil used for
Ferns is decomposed coral, white and sharp, for sand,
and dead Tree Ferns, chopped small, roots and
trunks; and not only Ferns, but Anthuriums and
their kindred revel in it. A singularity about the
rain is, that it may be pouring down on one side of
the road, while on the other, say 50 yards off', not a
drop falls. Hawaii,

716

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE,

[Deceiujer 10, 1887.

Colonial Notes.

NIPA FRUTICANS.

I HAVE read with interest the note on Nipa fruti-
cans in the Gardeners' Chronicle of August 6, p. 157,
under the head of " Garden Palms." Strangely, my
experience here with it is quite the reverse of that of
Dr. King, there described. Four years ago, at my
request, Dr. King sent me a AVardian case of ger-
minated nuts, by a coolie ship. I forget the period
the ship took for the voyage, but, as a rule, it ranges
from three to four months. They travelled well. On
their arrival I had a bed, well dug and manured, pre-
pared on the side of one of our lakes in the gardens.
An earth bank was raised across the front to regulate
the admission of water, with wire guard on the top
to keep the alligators out from crushing the plants.
It was subsequently kept constantly covered a few
inches deep with water. In this the sprouted nuts
were planted 1 foot to 18 inches apart. They
made good growth from the first, and about
a year later, when 1.^ to 2 feet high, the greater part
of them were removed to other sites, some on the
banks and others to beds made in the centre of the
lakes. All have from about 3 to 15 inches of water
permanently over the surface of the soil in which
they are growing. Those that were not transplanted
are much the larger, but all are in perfectly robust
health and flowering and fruiting freely, and I must
Bay, in opposition to the opinion of your correspondent,
that among dwarf Palms, as growing here, Nipa fru-
ticans is a decidedly handsome plant. The water is
quite fresh, being that brought down irom the savan-
nahs of the interior, which, by the way. are not
connected with rivers, by means of a large
canal for the use of the city of Georgetown.
The soil is a stiff dark clay. When in charge
of the Botanic Gardens in Jamaica, years ago,
I tried, like your writer, to grow Nipa as a pot plant,
and failed completely. I have found, too, that some
of our Guiana Palms which inhabit the low banks of
rivers that are often flooded, and which fail as a rule
under pot culture, invariably thrive when planted in
the ground and kept sufficiently moist. Mauritia
fiexuosa and Manicaria saccifera are examples. I
hope from its present prosperous state that in the
course of time Nipa fruticans will naturalise itself
here; and possibly the day may come when this
immigrant from the East will crowd the banks of
the estuaries of our rivers, as firmly established and
prosperous in its new home as are the peoples of the
East, who are gradually populating this Western
land. G. S. Jcnman., Government Botanist, British
Guiana.

A NEW HARDY PA PAW.

Thanks to the courtesy of M. Van Volxem, of
Brussels, we have been enabled to see some fruits of
a hybrid Carica raised by him. The parentage is
complex. First Carica porphyrocarpa was ])ollinated
bv C, candamarcensis. Tlie flowers of the hybrid
offspring were again pollinated by C. candamarcen-
sis. C. candamarcensis was first made known (but
not named) by Mr. Spruce and M. de Mello in a
piper in the Joiirval of the Linvean Society, vol. x.,
1857, and wherein it is mentioned as the common
Carica of the Ecuadorian Andes, where it is culti-
vated up to an elevation of 9000 feet for the sake of
its edible fruit. Jlr. Spruce adds, that in February
he found the gi'ound strewn with the ripe and rotting
fruits of this species which were 8 — 9 inches long,
smaller and sweeter than those of the common Papaw,
and which were the favourite food of the bears which
infest the forests of the mountain of Tunguragua.
Growing at such a height the tree in question i.s
comparatively hardy, and it has, indeed, flowered in
the open air, but it requires at least greenhouse tem-
perature to ripen its fruit.

Sir Joseph Hooker, who gave a coloured figure
aid full description of the plant in the Bot.
Mif/., 1875, t. 6198, vouches for the delicious scent
anl grateful taste of the fruit, in both of which
quilities it differs from the common Papaw. C. can-
d imarcensis is a " graceful little tree," almost hardy,
with oblong obovoid, ribbed, yellow, fragrant fruit,
the size of a large egg, or larger in its native country.

0. porphi/rocarpa is a tender stove tree, which dies
off after flowering, and produces scentless red ovoid
fruit. The hybrid between the two species named,
raised by M. Van Volxem, is as hardy as C. canda-
marcensis, and produced a dark red scentless fruit,
larger than that of either parent. The flowers of thia

last-named hybrid, pollinated by C. candamarcensis,
yielded a metis, the fruits of which are now before us.

They are about 4 inches long by 2\ at the greatest
diameter, oblong obovate, slightly ribbed. 5-sided, of
a rich red colour, and fragrant. As for the flavour of
the fruits we cannot speak favourably, as, before we
tasted them, owing to their ornamental qualities they
had been allowed to remain on the plant for a twelve-
month, and even then they had to be cut off.

Here, then, we have an ornamental greenhouse
plant of the first rank, and one which, moreover, pro-
duces edible fruit.

As happens occasionally in other fleshy fruits, the
seeds sometimes begin to germinate while still
within the fruit, so that on cutting open the fruit it
may be found filled with young seedling plants
(see fig. 139, p. 717). In the natural state the seed
{see fig. 139) is filled with white perisperm or albu-
men, which surrounds the embrvo and provides a store
of food for it (fig. 138, b). This is well illustrated
in some of the sprouting seedlings in the fruit before
us, which have used up the albumen of the seed, and
left the empty husks (fig. 138, c). In some cases the
young rootlets may be seen attacking the albumen,
and when that is used up they avail themselves
of the pulp in the fruit. A similar occurrence
ha])pens in Pernettya mucronata very frequently, and

cited, but the name is sometimes written cundina-
marcensis, from the name of the province in which
it grows — Cundinamarca.

Fig. 138.— GER>ns

OF CABICA.

, S(.'eil ; B, Section to show perisperm and embryo : c. Em-
bryo; 1), Seedling, showing one rootlnt still left in the
hollow seed-husk ; e. Section of the caulitle showing the
arrangement of the vascular bundles ; F. Cotyledon*.

we have seen a similar occurrence in Tomatoa,
Melons, and other pulpy fruits.

The Papaws (Carica) are interesting for another
reason. It was long ago alleged that tough meat
could be rendered tender by enveloping it in leaves
of the Papaw, or by hanging it amid the branches of
the tree. We fearthesestatements were either looked
on as travellers' tales, or an explanation was pro-
vided by the heat of the climate. Neverthe-
less modern chemistry has proved the accuracy of
the statement by demonstrating the presence in the
railky juice of the plant of a substance called papain,
which, like pepsin, really has the property of softening
and ultimately dissolving albuminous substances, on
which account it has been introduced into medicine
as an aid to digestion, and as an application for the
purpose of dissolving the skin-like membrane which
forms in the throat in cases of diphtheria. It is as
well to mention that the leaves and unripe fruit are
filled with a milky juice which has acrid properties,
which disappear as the fruit ripens.

As to the name candamarcensis, that, it appears,
was first given in Belgian gardens, and adopted by
Sir J. D. Hooker in the Botanical Magazine before

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

OCTOMERIA SUPRA-GLAUCA, S»lfe, n. sp.

A KEAT and compact little Octomeria is now
flowering at Ivew, which I am unable to identify
with any of the sixty or so described species. Nor
is the locality known, tliough I woiild suggest Brazil
as the most likely. This is on account oi its
evident affinity with 0. exchlorophyllata, a Brazilian
species described by Rodriguez as remarkable for the
upper surface of the leaf being composed of a tissue
without chlorophyll. This character is possessed by
both species, though I cannot suggest any cause for
the peculiarity. Possibly now that one of them is in
cultiration this point may be investigated. ["Water-
bearing cells ?] It forms a dense tuft 2 inches high, the
stem attaining an altitude of three-quarters of an inch,
while the leaves measure 1 — 1^ inchlongby eight lines
wide. Theyare elliptical, sub-obtuse, and fleshy; glau-
cous, or whitish-green above, owing to the absence of
clilorophyll in the upper part of the tissue, dark
green, and obscurely tessellated with blackish-purple
beneatli, and transversely furrowed with minute
furrows. The two to three-flowered peduncles arise
from the leaf bases, and are three-quarters of an
inch long ; the flowers are eight lines long, the seg-
ments lanceolate acuminate, and of a pale glassy
green ; the sepals, which are a little broader than
the petals, being faintly sufl'used outside with light
purple, especially along the central line. The lip is
only a fourth as long as the segments, as broad as
long, sub-obtuse, and entire or very obscurely triden-
ticulate in front ; the side lobes somewhat incurved,
the front one recurved ; the colour is yellowish-
green, with a large lurid purple square blotch in the
centre, running out to the apex along a broad obtuse
keel. There are three keels behind, the central one
very indistinct, the two lateral ones more prominent.
Column green, with yellow anther-case. 0. exchlo-
rophyllata, mentioned above, has more acute leaves,
segments yellow above, and white at base, lip
wholly yellow, and column white. The flowers of O.
supra-glauca are large for the size of the plant.
I!. A. Bi.Ifc.

The Parentage or L.elia exoniensisX.
I am indebted to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons
for a fine inflorescence of this, one of the earliest of
Dominy's hybrids, and which still remains one of the
most beautiful of its race. But I should like to say
a few words about its parentage, which I believe has
not yet been correctly recorded. In their excellent
Manual of Orchidaceous Plants the Messrs. Veitch
say : — " Owing to the irregularity with which crosses
were registered in the early days of Orchid hybrid-
isation, the parentage of this beautiful hybrid is
unfortunately involved in obscurity. Two hypotheses
have been suggested, viz., Cattleya labiata Mos-
si;;: X Liclia purpurata, and L. crispa X L.pur-
pnrata ; the results of more recent crossings of this
species tend to strengthen the second supposition."
Now, the fonner of these suggestions seems to
me out of the ([uestion, firstly, because both are
late spring bloomers, while the hybrid flowers in
autumn ; and secondly, because there seems no evi-
dence of L. purpurata blood in the hybrid. The
second suggestion I am inclined to think has been
written inadvertently, but in any case is even more
improbable than the former, because the pollinia
clearly prove that one parent was a Cattleya. Lailia
purpurata, as already remarked, seems out of the
question, but the beautifully crisped petals of the
hybrid are so eminently characteristic of L. crispa
that I think that species must have been one of the
parents. There is no other Lielia which so closely
corresponds with the characters required, and it is
also more of an autumn flowerer than L. purpurata.
The other parent was also most probably an autumn
flowerer, like the hybrid, and all the characters of

December 10, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHnONIGLE.

717

the latter point in the direction of a late-flowering
form of C. labiata, probably the genuine old autumn-
flowering form. There is a remarkable correspond-
ence in the lip, especially in the dull crimson veins
at the base, and the clear yellow blotch, which must
have been derived from this or a closely allied form.
This parentage has been doubtfully suggested for
L. caloglossax, a plant which I have not seen, but
as it is an early fiowerer, and further, as Lxlia lobata,
which flowers usually in April and Jlay, has been
suggested as a more likely parent than L. crispa, I
suspect it must have been C, Mossia;, or some other
early-flowering form of labiata which was used. The
parentage of these hybrids is such an interesting
matter that it is to be hoped some crosses from the
above-named species have been made, which may
before long decide the matter one way or the other.
E. A. R.

Dendeobium PhAL-ENOPSIS.

Two very handsome forms of this showy species

have reached me from the Messrs, Veitch, which are

attractive, being of a uniform pale green throughout
the organs of the flowei'. It is the total absence
of markings wliich strikes one as rather novel, and
which will probably secure it a place in representa-
tive collections, rather than where beauty alone is
sought after. U. A. S.

Vanda Sanderiana.
One of the great recommendations of this recent
introduction is the fact that comparatively small
plants are now producing capital spikes of bloom. Xo
doubt the stems of these plants were of several years'
growth ere they were introduced, and so will have
attained a certain degree of maturity ; but when
such is the case with the species V. suavis and V.
tricolor, we do not find that the plants flower so
freely, or bring such a number of flowers on a spike,
as plants that have been longer under cultivation.
It is probable that we have not as yet seen this grand
species in full perfection, but since most collections
possess one or more specimens, and as the treatment
afforded individually will differ in many respects, it

Fig. 139. — carica fbuit asd section, showino oeemination of the seeds in the fruit : colour, crimson

(see p. 710.)

Vandas almost invariably turn yellow, and must be
removed It always seems to me that when Vandaa
are found with bare stems, 2 to 3 feet high, there is
something evidently wrong in their management.
Where such exist it may now be well to remind
those who have charge that heat is not nearly so
essential as it is often considered to be, and that if
thpse Vandas are placed among Cattleyas they
would do much better ; the leaves would be shorter,
but they would make up in breadth what they lack
in length, and withal the foliage would be thicker
and more solid in appearance than others grown in
high winter temperature. At the present time these
Vandas may safely be grown in a house where 55°
is the maximum night temperature ; Go° during
the daytime is desirable if the weather be mild and
moist, but should intense cold prevail a few degrees
lower should be the rale. Vanda.

deserving of a short notice. The first is of excep-
tional size, measuring 3 inches in diameter from the
tip of the dorsal sepal to that of the lip, and 3}
inches from tip to tip of the petals. Together with
the large size, the very deep colouring of the lip is
especially noticeable. The other is a little smaller,
but of unusual colour ; the sepals and petals, as well
as the front lobe of the lip, are very pale, nearly
white ; but the crimson veining of the lip is thrown
out with unusual brilliancy by the pale ground
colour. This species is one of the best of autumn
flowering ones, and much easier of cultivation than
most of the other Australian species.

Masdevallia platyglossa.
This very singular Masdevallia is flowering at the
present time in the Kew collection. The leaves are
very similar to those of M. rosea, for which it might
easily be mistaken when out of flower. But the re-
semblance extends no further. The flower is very
broad, in shape very similar to the curious M. por-
celliceps, which flowered here a short time ago.
The colour is unusual and unfortunately not very

will be interesting to know under what conditions
the highest degree of success has been achieved. No
doubt, during the past ten years a great modification
in the treatment that was usually considered neces-
sary to the well-being of the Vandas, as well as many
of the Aerides has taken place. In the earlier years
heat in abundance was given, and, as a consequence, it
was a great rarity to see a well-grown plant of Vanda
suavis or V. tricolor ; and where the same course of
treatment is persisted in, the results will certainly be
the same as then. Not but that good plants are met
with here and there where a high degree of tempera-
ture is maintained for, say, eight or nine months of
the year, and where a considerable degree of humidity
is always present. These conditions I know are in
some houses very favourable to growth and develop-
ment, more especially if the house should be devoted
to stove plants, or as a Pine stove, where the tan-
bed throws off some large amount of moisture
and life-sustaining gases ; but if the same high
temperatures be maintained in an ordinary Orchid-
house, when the plants are in need of less moisture,
the consequences are that the lower leaves of the

VARIATION IN PLANTS.

Mr. Patrick Geddes, at a recent meeting of the
Linnean Society, presented a communication on this
subject, from which the following notes were taken ;^

(1) Starting from the origin of a flower as a
shortened branch, it is evident that this cannot be
attributed to natural selection, since the apparent
alternative of lengthening cannot exist, vegetation
being checked by reproduction. The same explana-
tion holds good (2) of the shortening of the inflores-
cence from raceme through spike or umbel to capitu-
lum and even Fig; (3) of the shortening of the axis
within the flower itself, giving the transition from
hypogyny through perigyny to epigyny ; (-1) of the
reduction and coherence of the floral envelopes ; (5)
of the reduction of stamens ; (G) of carpels; (7) of
ovules. These constitute the leading modifications
of the flower, and the essential characters of the
natural order are then seen to be continuously deve-
loped as a consequence of vegetative subordination
and reproductive preponderance, natural selection
furnishing more frequently the check to evolutionary
change than the impulse or aid to it. Floral colour
is seen to have arisen in the same way, the reds and
yellows of flowers, as of spring and autumn foliage,
being simply the imperfect veget.ation of immaturity,
reproduction, and decline. The tendency to its
accumulation is primarily associated with the pro-
gressive shortening of the axis for reproduction,
although here a certain measure of acceleration
through natural selection— (.f., by aid of insects— is
not denied. An examination of floral details shows
many of the most peculiar " adaptations " to be
more simply interpretable in terms of the characters
of the leaves of which they are the checked equiva-
lents—c.^., not only the pinnate sepals of the Hose,
or the swollen bases of the styles of Umbelliferaj
from their characteristic leaf bases, but even the
tailed stamens and cupped stigma of the Violet or
the springing fruit of the Geranium. Passing
next to the variation of plants under domesti-
cation, we find their apparent indefiniteness cleared
up by the application of the same principle ;
thus the many well marked variations of Cabbage
(ICale to Cauliflower), arrange tliemselves in a
single series and are seen to represent only so many
stages along a single groove of change. The ap-
parently obvious and generally accepted origin
of spiny plants through the natural selection of
browsing mammals is not verified by a re-examina-
tion of the evidence, for many of those forms are un-
eatable to begin with, or often occur in regions {eg.,
New Zealand) where there have been no bi-owsing
mammals to attack them. The real explanation of
the origin of species is to be found in soil and climate
on the one hand, and in a more or less distinct ebb-
ing of the vegetative activities back from the grow-
ing point. The origin of sex, of monoecious and
diojcious plants, is next interpreted, and the paper
concludes with an application of the same principles to
the classification of plants. Among monocotyledons we
find the central liliaceous type specialising into the
supreme floral Orchid, on the one hand, or into the

■18

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembee 10, 1887.

typically vegetative grass on the other ; so it is with
all other alliances, each in some degree exhibiting
types of vegetative or more reproductive preponder-
ance. This may be traced through orders, genera.
or even species and varieties : Larkspurs and Meadow
Rue represent respectively these extremes among
Banunculacoa3, or the sub-species, as of their struc-
tural details, comes primarily to be explained by
reference to that oscillating equilibrium of the essen-
tial functions of individual and reproductive life.
Modification by descent is seen to take place along
a definite line or groove of cliange within which the
action of natural selection can at best somewhat
accelerate its journey when it does not actually
retard or terminate it.

ORCHID NAI*IING.

'Wheke are we, and where are we going? is again
the question in regard to this intricate subject. In
tlie Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 490, the names of three
new Orchids are given, viz., Cattleva Miss Harris,
Lailia Novelty, Cypripedium Charles Canham,
n. hybrid. The precaution is taken to define tlie
last named as a new hybrid, but tliere is not a woid
or sign to show that the others are, except in the
letterpress. There may be something to say against
giving these hybrids botanical names, but there is
more in favour of it, I think. When a cross between
two distinct species of Orchids is effected in the same
genus, the progeny very nearly resemble each other,
and may all take the same Latin name. Take as an
instance of this the oldest named hybrid Cattleva of
any importance, C. exoniensis X . I believe something
like fifty plants of this were raised, nearly all of
them slightly dift'erent in the colour of the sepals
and petals, and in the intensity of the richly
coloured lip, but all of them as easily recognised as
C. exoniensis X as the various forms of C. Mossioe are
recognised as that species. Such a common name
as Novelty, for instance, may be used by anybody.
Suppose a good and distinct form of C. Mendelii,
Mossia;, or other species was to flower from an
importation, tlie o\Ynor might say *' That is a dis-
tinct and novel form, I will call it Novelty." It
might be done without any ulterior motive ;
but, on the other hand, an unprincipled man
might act in this way for the purpose of trading upon
the reputation of a plant already well known. Why
could the hybrid alluded to not as well be named
C. Harrisa: as Miss Harris ? It may be that the new
nomenclature will work better than appears at first
sight, and that the object in view is to prevent a
greater confusion which might arise from continuing
to raise garden hybrids to specific rank. The new
departure is at least of sufficient importance to
require the thoughtful attention of cultivators.

The tenth part of licieheiihach'm is just to band,
and led me to exclaim, "Where are we going?"
when I read the account of Odontoglossum hebraicum,
by Dr. Reichenbach. I have carefully studied the
genus in the new Manual of Orchidaceous Vlanis, by
Messrs. .Tames Veitch & Sons, which is supposed to
be the standard work, as they have followed " with
but trifling deviations the arrangement of Bentham
and Hooker, as elaborated in their GeneraPlanlaruj/i,''
and in the nomenclature of the species they " have
adhered to the laws of botanical nomenclature
adopted by the International Botanical Congress
held at Paris in August, ISO"." Although fortified
by such high authorities tlie arrangement in the
Mamiul is totally diiTerent from that given by the
learned Professor in the li'-icheiihachia. There is a
faultless coloured plate of Odontoglossum hebraicum
in Mr. Sanders splendid work, but for my part I
have some misgivings as to Dr. Reichenbach's
arrangement as well as to his conclusions.

If we take Messrs. Veitch'a arrangement first, we
will find that it has the merit of simplicity, and I
think decision. Odontoglossum odoratum, of Lindley,
takes specific rank, and the following are all classed
as under : — O. odoratum var. baphicanthura, 0. o. var.
deltoglossum, 0. o. var. hebraicum, 0. o. var. Leeanum.
The synonymy of O. odoratum is certainly " somewhat

complicated." It was first discovered by M. Linden
in 1842 — 43 " in the humid forests on the Sierra
Nevada, of Merida, in western Venezuela, at 5000 —
7000 feet elevation." This was Dr. Lindley 's plant,
and ought to take priority. The same plant was
gathered by Schlira in the Oak forests on the eastern
Cordillera of New Grenada, and described by Reichen-
bach under the name of 0. gloriosnm. There is,
iu the Reichcnbachia an analytical figure of the
typical specimen ; and Dr. Reichenbach now declares
tliat he never intended to give 0. hebraicum specific
rank ; but on referring to the Gardeners Chronicle,
vol. xi., n. s., p. 462, there is no mark to
indicate that it was not considered a species, and
the Professor says it is in the way of 0. odoratum.

Williams, in the Orchid Album, also follows the
Gardeners' Chronicle, and describes it as a species,
t. 194. Now we have the following as the new classi-
fication, given in the last number of the Reichcnbachia.
It gives one primary type as Odontoglossum lanceans,
and others as secondary, thus : —

OdOSTOQLOSSDM X L.\KCEAXS.

a. ITlowers typically white.

1. Odontoglossum X lanceans Andersonianum.

2. ,. X „ Jeningsianum.
b. I'lowers typically mauve and white.

3. Odontoglossum X lanceans Euckerianum.

c. Flowers typically yellow.

4. Odontoglossum X lanceans baphicanthum.
.^>. .. X ,, hebraicum.

•i. ,, X „ Brassia.

7. ,, X ,, deltoglossum.

8. ,, X „ Leeanum.

The Professor adds : — " For my correspondence I
use the older names." Why use one arrangement
for correspondence, and another for publication ?
When doctors differ who is to decide ? The only
remark I have to make is this— that ordinary Orchid
growers are greatly puzzled which guide to follow. We
ought at least to have something permanent, and it
does seem to me that a complete arrangement of the
whole genus, such as that given in Messrs. Veitch's
Manual, based on the best available scientific
authority, and simple withal, ought to be adopted.
J. Douij!as.

THE POTATO CROP.

Since the publication in this journal (August 20,
1887) of the results of some German investigations
respecting the origin and cause of Potato scab,
several important communications from English hor-
ticulturists have been received, giving the experience
of growers in our own country.

Scab. — The opinions expressed have been very con-
flicting, so that but little can be gathered with the
present information as to the true cause of this par-
ticular disease ; but most are agreed that in England
Potato scab is more prevalent in dry seasons than in
wet ones, and worse in dry gravelly soils than in wet
clayey soils, which is contrary to that found in the
German experimental stations.

Farmyard dung is upon some soils said to favour
the development of the disease, or the fungus growth
that usually attends the disease. Upon other classes
of soil the application of farmyard or stable dung
is stated to be the best preventative manure against
Potato scab. Coal-ashes, especially on liglit soils,
and when used iu large quantity, is distinctly stated
to favour the development of scab.

Erperimenls with Manures. — The Rothamsted Po-
tato experiments, conducted by Sir J. B. Lawes and
Dr. Gilbert for twelve years in succession on tlie
same land, and generally with the same manurial
application to the same plot each year, ought, one
would think, to give us some indications of value in
this matter.

Two acres of land have been divided into ten plots,
one of which has received no manure at all since the
commencement of the experiment. Three plots have
each received farmyard dung alone, or with super-
jiiiospiiate of lime or nitrate of soda.

Two other plots receive a nitrogenous manure
alone, either in the form of ammonia salts or nitrate
of soda ; another a mixed mineral manure, containing
phosphates and potash, but without nitrogen; and
two other plots each receive a similar mineral
manure, combined with ammonium salts or nitrate
of soda.

Here, then, we have ten distinct manurial treat-
ments each year to the same variety of Potato, on a
loamy clay soil.

In the present season (1887), at the time of lifting
the crop, which this year took place on October
17 — 19, very little scab was observed on the tubers
from any of the plots, notwithstanding the excep-
tionally hot weather experienced during the greater
part of the usual growing period. Tiiere were two
plots which showed Potato scab much more than the
others, and one of these plots had received farmyard
dung at the rate of 14 tons per acre, and the other
had received ammonium salts alone.

Neither of these plots developed much haulm in
the present year, the Potato stems on the ammonia
plot being scarcely more than 0 inches high, possess-
ing a black, shrivelled, and unhealthy appearance ;
the proportion of small or "pig Potatos " on the
ammonia plot being at the rate of 103 per cent.
The dunged plot gave 72 per cent, of small tubers,
and for comparison we may mention that the un-
manured plot gave 112 lb. of small Potatos out of
each 100 of the total crop.

The variety of Potato grown in the Rothamsted
experiments is the Champion, and the heaviest crop
this year reached b\ tons per acre, being obtained by
tlie use of the mineral manure and nitrate of soda.
So unfavourable has been the season for the suc-
cessful growth of the Potato crop, that all the jilots
with one exception have given a smaller crop than
the average.

Analysis of the Crop. — From some partial analysis
of the Potatos which have been already made it
appears that the tubers contain a less quantity of
starch than usual, which doubtless accounts for the
bad cooking properties of the Potatos this year.

Probably this may be explained by the fact that
the Potato plants were kept by the very hot weather
and want of moisture in a state of comparative
inactivity for several weeks before the tubers had
attained to any size or maturity, and just at that
period when they would in ordinary seasons have
been storing up starch in the tubers.

The mnch needed rain, which came in this district
on the last day of August and the first few days of
September, started the Potato haulms in full vigour
of growth, and the tubers began to enlarge rapidly.
This continued until the severe frosts of October
prostrated the tops, whicli were still quite green, and
consequently before they hjid fully deposited their
starch into the tubers.

The influence of different classes of soil on the
composition of the Potato tuber is shown by some
American experiments conducted by the Connecticut
Agricultural Society, which are as follows : —

Percentage of Water in Potato Tubers. — Crops
grown upon very sandy soil, 13 87 per cent, of water ;
crops grown upon stiff clay soil, 19 05 do. : diB'erence,
5-18 do.

Thus we see, that soil, as well as season and
manure, has much to do with the chemical com-
position of tlie Potato tuber, and hence, too, its
susceptibility to disease.

In regard to the various Potato diseases, Ville
says, when the Potato is deprived of some essential
ingredient in the manurial supply necessary to a
healthy and vigorous existence, tlian the tubers are
more liable to become a prey of inferior organisms,
such as microscopic fungi, &c. For many years this
phenomenon has been observed at Vincennes, and
with invariable regularity whenever potash and
phosphates have been omitted from the manure
applied. John J. ll'illis, Harjviidcn.

The Orchid Houses.

Masdevallias. — In a mixed collection of Orcliids
the houses will begin to look gay. A number standing
together of Masdevallia tovarensis is a pleasing sight
when in flower. This Orchid, if grown in a moist house,
with the temperature ranging from 00^ to 53°, will

December 10, 1887,]

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

719

keep in better health, and the shining darlt green
foliage show up the pure white flowers better, tlinn
in a higher temperature. Plants of M. ignea, M.
Schlimii, M. amabilis, M. polysticta, and M. Davisii
mixed with the former make an agreeable contrast.
There is no genus of Orchids I am acquainted with
in which more improvement can be made in the
flowers by growing the plants under suitable condi-
tions thiin the Masdevallias. To enable the plants
to produce fine flowers, strong foliage must be
obtained — not drawn, but wide and sturdy leaves,
which it is impossible to have, if thrips are allowed
to cripple them when in a young state. There are,
1 think, no Orchid flowers more difficult for the
aitist to imitate than those of the more brilliant
Masdevallias ; and other species, which appear
rather dull in colour at first sight, are beautiful when
closely examined. The varieties of M. Harryana
and ill. ignea vary much in the quality of their
flowers, and it is therefore desirable to make pur-
chases when the plants are in flower, excepting in
the case of named varieties, which are known to be
good.

C'//yc(>frf;««i.s.— TheoldCypripediuminsigne,ifwell
groivu, still holds its own, even when placed side by
side with such fine forrasof it as Chantini, puuctatum,
violaceum, and Maulei. There are several plants
growing together here under the latter name, but the
ditference in the flowers is so small as not to require
separate names to define them. We have one plant
(not at present in flower) which is said to be the
true C. insigne Maulei, but it is doubtful if this be
correct, as it is but a poor form, possesses a narrow
dorsal sepal, and is the same plant that is often seen
figured as C. insigne Maulei ; while I believe that
Messrs. Maule's original ])lant, which is figured in
the Floral Maga-inc, is identical with the best
types. These varieties of C. insigne are very useful
plants, as they can be used to fill vacant spaces
in any house regardless of the temperature ; but
we find them to produce the finest flowers when
grown near the glass in company with jVIiltonia vex-
illarium, and where the temperature is kept rather
coolerthan theCattleya-house.and more moist. Large
spikes of the fragrant Oncidium tigrinuni, with from
sixtv to seventy flowers, add greatly to the beauty of
an Orchid-house, and one feels very reluctant to cut
them ofi", but if they are allowed to remain on the
plant until all the flowers have faded the plant soon
deteriorates.

Where cut flowers are in demand a few of the
most forward Dendrobium nobile, D. Wardianum,
and D. crassinode, may be placed in the Cattleya-
house for a week or two, after which time they
should be suspended (if not too large) in a light part
of the East Indian-house to open their flowers, water
being afforded very sparingly, particularly to D.
Wardianum and D. crassinode, otherwise the plants
will start rapidly into new growth, thereby causing
the flower-buds to be abortive. C. Woolford, Down-
side, LcatJicrlicad.

Plants and Their Culture.

C.orELLiAs. — The wijiter management of the
Camellia entails close watchfulness during severe
weather, to prevent the artificial heat whicJli has to
be applied rising to a degree sufficient to cause bud-
dropping. In some cases the cause of this misfor-
tune is difficult to define, but very frequently it may
be traced to too great fire-heat, or dryness at the
root, and sometimes to dryness of the atmosphere,
especially if the plants have been placed outdoors
during the summer and autumn. When it is neces-
sary to use artificial heat for the purpose of excluding
frost, no more should be employed than is absolutely
needful, and at such times it is wise to damp the
pathway and the gi'ound under the stage so as to
disengage moisture. If it be desirable to forward the
season of flowering, although the Camellia will not
withstand forcing, it may be submitted to a night
temperature of about 48°, with 5° more by day.
Under this treatment the plants should be syringed
daily in fine weather and draughts of cold air should
be avoided. With the Camellia it is safer to
allow flowering to take place naturally. Pot
plants and those in beds or borders should be
examined frequently, as on no account should these
be permitted to suffer from want of water ; and weak
manure-water should be applied, which will be bene-
ficial in giving size to the blossoms. Worms, which
are sometimes troublesome, may be dislodged by
applications of lime-water, and the foliage kept clean
by sponging.

Azaleas. — The autumn season is the best time in
which to train Azaleas, the shoots being tlien less
brittle, but the operation, through pressure of other
work, has often to be deferred to a later date; there
should, however, be no time lost now in attending
to it. In training, tastes vary, but perhaps the form
that meets with most favour is the loose pyramid
which, when well blossomed, is showy and not un-
graceful ; whereas, those that are more formally
trained are inelegant, and moreover take more time
to tie.

Young plants which it is desirable to grow quickly
into specimens should have their blossom-buds
removed, so that they be not weakened by flowering,
and all that they need in tlie way of training is to
keep them a little in shape by tying down the strong
and straggling shoots. Before training is com-
menced the plants should be thoroughly cleared from
thrips and other insects.

Few plants can be more successfully forced than
the Azalea. A warm humid atmosphere soon puts
them in motion ; and they may be retarded by being
placed in a north house, where frost is merely kept
out. During the winter months water must be
administered judiciously, so as to keep the balls of
soil in a moderately dry state — neither too wet nor
too drv, extremes in this particular soon ruining the
health'of the I'lants. T. CvomIki; Hendre Gardens.

The Flower Garden.

Improvixo SHnoBS, Thees, &c. — Should any of the
ornamental trees on the lawns show signs of ex-
haustion, which will manifest itself by the growths
becoming stunted and the foliage of a yellowish tint,
a top-dressing of mild manure and loam soil should
be placed over the roots, or, better still, a trench may
be cut in a circle at the extremity of the branches
to the width of 3 to 4 feet, and two feet deep ; this
will be of ample depth for the Fir tribe, these being
surface rooters. With a steel fork remove as much
of the bad soil as possible, working towards the bole
of the tree, using all due caution not to injure the
roots. Have some fresh soil at hand, and fill up as
the work progresses, laying the roots carefully in at
the levels from which' they radiate from the bole.
Make the soil as firm as possible by treading to pre-
vent subsidence. Cypresses, Junipers, and other
upright growing subjects, are often disfigured for
years by snow lodging amongst their branches and
"breaking them off, or forcing them outwards : a few
rings of galvanised wiie placed around the branches
at intervals of 18 inches, will effectually guard the
trees from such injury. Neat screens, hedges, or
arbors may be formed with Ivy, by straining a few
wires on standards or framework of any shape,
covering the same with good substantial wire-
netting. JIany of the newer ornamental-leaved
Ivies may be planted against the netting, in and
through which the growths will make their way and
be secure from displacement by wind. Little
trouble is entailed in keeping such hedges in good
condition beyond an occasional trimming with the
knife ; and in a few years a capital covering will
be secured.

> Ivy banks may now be planted, and existing ones
trimmed ; all that will be necessary is to place a line
along the top and bottom and cut the margins.
Where one part is growing more vigorously than
another, it may be necessary to reduce the exuber-
ance of the shoots with the knife ; at the same time
applying a suitable top dressing to those parts which
are not growing so freely.

Laurel banks may now be trimmed with the knife,
care being taken to cut them evenly and not muti-
late the foliage. If well managed, few things look
better than these Laurel banks with a few Conifers
as dot plants placed near, and a good background
of shrubs and trees. Uabbits, however, are very
detrimental to their well-being, as, "during snow-
storms, when food becomes scarce, they b.ark the
stems and cause the death of the plants. Where
blanks exist, it is often better to fork up the soil in
such places, adding a little new, and pegging down
the adjacent shoots, than to plant young plants, as
roots speedily start from layered shoots. After the
banks have been trimmed, a top-dressing of road
scrapings or ditch scourings which have been laid
up for twelve months, may be with advantage applied.
Laurel cuttings may now be put in nursery lines ;
choose as cuttings those pieces which have a heel of
old wood, as such will be found to root with cer-
taintv. Win. M. Baillie.

FRUIT8 Under Glass.

Strawberkv Forcing. — Where ripe Strawberries
are required at the end of February no time should
bo lost in getting ready a batch of plants of some
approved variety. These should have the drainage
seen to and the surface soil scratched over with a
pointed stick, the loosened soil removed, and ti.e
ball of earth and roots pressed down with the hands.
Then a compost of sifted loam and horse-droppings,
iu equal parts, sboidd be used as a top-dressing. If
a pit is at command it can be filled with Oak cr
Chestnut leaves to within 9 inches of the top ; and will
be a very suit.able place in wdiich to bring on the
plants. These should be plunged therein to the
rim of the pots and afterwards allowing the soil to
get moderately dry before giving tepid water at the
roots. The gentle bottom-heat and moisture sup-
plied by fermenting leaves will lead to the production
of flower-spikes by the first week in January.

The pits must be kept close by day, and a sufficient
covering of Fern or other protecting material be put
on at night to keep out frost. The pots should
then be washed and the plants removed to the shelves
of the forcing-house, and if they are placed near the
ventilators the setting, and flavour of the fruit will
both be enhanced. A dry buoyant atmosphere, at a
temperature of 50° at night .and 10° to 16° higher by
sun-heat, should be maintained in the flowering
stage; and to assist the setting of fruit the pollen
should be distributed by pjissing a carael's-hair
pencil, or a rabbit's tail over them every day when the
flowers are drv. Atter this the night temperature
should range 'from 50° to 00°, according as the
weather is cold or mild, and 10° higlier by day with
fire-heat, running it up to 85° with sun-heat at
closing time. The plants should be damped over-
head with tepid water in the afternoon, in addition
to damping the house generally to promote a growing
atmosphere.

When the plants require water sufficient must
be given to moisten the whole ball ; and from the
time they have set their fruit until it begins to
colour, weak liquid manure at a temperature of 75°
should be given when watering is necessary. Where
no Ipits .are available the plants should be put on
shelves fixed in an early vinery or Peach-house as
soon as they are got ready, syringing the plants over-
head when damping the Vines until they come into
flower, when it should be discontinued for a time,
and the plants treated as already advised, //, IK,
Ward, Longford Caslle.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Prukino and Training W.ai.1, Trees. — Some
work of this kind should be taken in hand while the
weather is not too cold for the men to engage in it,
beginning with the trees occupying west walls in tl,»
morning, and going to those on east aspects in the
afternoon. Fhiins and any other fruits on north
walls can well be left till last. In the case of Pear
and other fruit trees which are furnished with fruit
spurs of great length, a few of these latter should be
removed annually till all have become shortened
back to the required length. This sort of pruning
will also cause the br.anche3 to form new spurs in
fresh places, and better fruit is obtained from young
fruit spurs than from old ones, hence the necessity
for annual removal of some of these. Most fruit
trees are the better for having young branches trained
iu as opportunity offers, removing at the same tiina
some of the oldest, by this means keeping the trees
in a fruitful and healthy condition.

Pyramid and Bmh Trees. — Afford these the
requisite attention in regard to pruning as oppor-
tunities offer. As a rule, the summer pruning, if
followed up, will obviate the necessity for much
winter pruning, but of necessity there will always
be a certain amount to be done, such as the removal
of dead wood, thinning the branches to admit light
and air amongst them, and the thinning of tlie fruit
spurs where too thickly placed. Before commenc-
ing to prune, discrimination must be exercised, as
in the case of very vigorous growers a much larger
amount of new wood must be left than is neces-
sary in those of weak growth ; for this reason llie
too close pruning of vigorous trees always tends
to prevent the formation of fruit-buds, whereas
weaker growing ones may be cut in nmch closer,
with the certainty of promoting greater fruitfulness,
E. Ward, Hcwctl, Bromstjrovc.

720

THE GAB DE NEBS' CIinONICLE.

IDecember 10, 1887.

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
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GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
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The Subscription to America, iucludiug Postage, is §4.30 for

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETINGS.

^ Royal Horticultural Society; Couii

Fruit and

) Special

(Royal Horticultural Society;
cil. Scieutitic, and Fruit
Floral Committees; also S
General Meeting, at 3 P.M. '
(General Meetings of National Auri-
cula Society, and of the Carnation
and Picotee Society, at South

WEDNESDAi',
THUBSD.4.Y,

WEDNESDAY, Dec. U'

Kensington Horticultural Club,
j^ ( Koyai Microscopical Society,

[ Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
t Rooms.

[ Lilium auratum and other Bulls,
I at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
loses, Fruit Trees. Slirnbs, Green-
house and Border i'lants, Dutch
Bulbs, Orchids in Flower, Japan
Lilies, Sec, at Steveus' Rooms.

/Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Jlorris'
J Rooms.
Dec. 15 1 Vahinble Imported Orchids, from
i Mr. F. Sander, at Stevens'
\ Rooms.

Tif,^ ^a * Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris'
DLC 11). I Ecoms.

i Dutch Bulbs, atProtheroe &Morris'
Rooms.
D] c. 17 .| Roies, Orchids, Fruit Trees, &c., as
previous Wednesday, at Ste-

On Tuesday next a meeting will
The Royal jjg ]j^,|(^ j^ ^jjg conservatory of the
Sic;ety. Eoyal Horticultural Society at

South Kensington, the issues of
which will, in all probability, be so momentous
that it is to be hoped that all who are interested
in the fate of the Society will be present. It
is really a question of life or death. AVe need
not go back ii ancient history and recall old
disputes, the main questions now are— Shall the
Society live or i-hall it die ? Is it of any use ?
If not, let it de, and the sooner the better. If
it is of use, by all means let us do our best
to rehabilitate it. Ko one questions the
enormous influence it has had for good in
the past ; nay, more, in these last few years,
when it has seemed to some, and especially to
outsiders, to have sunk beyond recall into the
slough of sloth, discord, and ineptitude, it has
dune — nay, still is doing — work which no other
society has done or could do. We refer espe-
cially to the work of the three committees, and
to that done in the experimental garden at C'his-
wick. We may also mention the publication of

the reports of the several Congresses held of late
years, and of the Frost Committee — reports
which, for solid utility, have never been sur-
passed, we may even say equalled, at any period
of the Society's history, and which have never
been outdone in the history of any society
whatever.

lluw is it, then, that a society which has done
aud is doing so much for hortioultm-e has sunk
to so low an ebb ? To answer this question we
should have to dive into the waves of that
troubled sea of ancient history which, for many
reasons, we do not think it desirable to plunge
into. The lessons of that history, however,
afford beacon-lights which may serve to prevent
the Society from utter wreckage. First and
foremost, they show that the Society has — avoid-
ably or otherwise we need not stop to consider — lost
touch with the horticultural feeling of the
country. Horticultural societies have multiplied
to such an extent that scarcely a town in
England is without its local society. Special
societies for Eoses, Chrysanthemums, Pelargo-
niums, Dahlias, Carnations, Potatos have in-
creased and prospered. The Horticultural Press,
which used to number two or three principal
organs, is now represented by nine or ten, in-
cluding no fewer than four low-priced ones
that reach a multitude of sympathisers beyond
the dreams of our forefathers, and every
agricultural paper and almost every provincial
journal has its gardening column — at such
a time the parent of all these enterprises,
the titular representative of the whole, has
come to such a pass that men are seriou.sly
discussing whether it shall live or die ! The
state of things is most deplorable, no doubt, but
does it warrant despair ? A\'e think not. The
main issue which will be brought forward
on Tuesday next is as to the course that
shall be followed at the present crisis. At a
previous meeting it was agreed — as far as agree-
ment can be assumed from the proceed-
ings of so small a meeting — that the home
of the Society (good gracious, the home
of the Society !) should be transferred from
South Kensington to some other place not yet
decided on. Many of the Fellows will remember
the brilliant auspices under which that home was
inaugurated at South Kensington. They will
call to mind the enormous outlay expended on
the garden and its buildings — they writhe under
the moral injustice inflicted by the Commis-
sioners to whom their troubles are mainly due,
they lament very uselessly the mistaken view
of their duties which the Commissioners have
taken, they wonder that while other bodies, with
much less title to public support, have been
benefited by a body supposed, before all things,
to advance Science and Art, the lioyal Horticul-
tural Society has been dragged through the mud,
and all but ruined by the action of the Com-
missioners. All this is to no purpose, and
yet there are many, and among them some who
have been among the staunchest supporters of
the Society, who would still, if they could, main-
tain the connection with the Commissioners and
endeavour to remain at Keusuigton. They
hope against hope, as it seems to us, that
the Commissioners will be generous and
recognise the i"- ociety as one of public
utility, and allow the Society to remain at
a peppercorn rent. Meantime, the price of
peppercorns is fixed at .-£2000 or thereabouts,
with incidental expenses, which would not mount
up to much less. As we write a rumour
reaches us that the Commissioners have, since
the refusal of the Council to accept the terms
offered, asked the Council to say on what con-

ditions they would remain. Kensington, no doubt,
has its advantages as a place of meeting — no one
doubts that ; but they may be too dearly pur-
chased. To remain at Kensington involves
subjection to the Commissioners, and necessitates
catering for fashionable pleasure-seekers. Unless
Koyalty and the fashionable world can be in-
duced to support the Society, it must, if it re-
main at Kensington, fall to pieces. But here
comes in one of the lessons of ancient history.
The Society did cater for the fashionable
world ; it neglected its proper work in order
to do so, it expended thousands upon thousands,
it got into unmerited disgrace, it alienated the
horticulturists, it did little or nothing for the
working gardeners of the country — little or
nothing for the rising generation; little or
nothing for trade interests ; it tacitly permitted
the upgrowth of a host of special societies —
it is now in ruins. This is the upshot of catering
for fashion and pleasure-seekers.

But, it is said, the Society cannot live without
the guineas of the fashionable ; those willing to
pay subscriptions on account of horticulture
proper may, it is said, be counted by the score
while it is the Upper Ten who are wanted to fill
its coffers. How fallacious this argument is,
is shown by the present state of things. The
Society did try to amuse the aristocracy by
expensive exhibitions, Ijands, croquet-lawns, and
we know not what else. It sold its library, aban-
doned three-fourths of Chiswick, neglected its
proper horticultural work, and gradually came
to its present position. So much for its efforts
in this direction ! We do not for a moment
doubt that if the smiles of royalty could be again
lavished at Kensington — if a royal Prince could be
persuaded to become President, aud lords — and
we may specially add ladies — could be induced to
take part in the government of the Society — that
a period of prosperity would be again insured ;
but we belie\-e equally firmly that it would not
be permanent, that the best interests of the
Society would again be neglected, and sooner
rather than later the troubles would re-appear
in an aggravated form.

Whatever, then, be the issue of Tuesday's
meeting, we believe the days of the Society's
connection with South Kensington may be
counted without the aid of many figures. The
Council may have some surprise in store for us
on Tuesday, but we incline to the view that they
will make their appeal, not to the world of
fashion, but to that of Horticulture, and to those
who, if not horticulturists, are in sympathy with
any honest endeavour to promote art, science and
the general well-being of the community.

It will be said — it is said by some — that the
horticulturists are not numerous enough, wealthy
enough, influential enough, nay, more, not sufti-
ciently interested in their own business, to sup-
port the Society adequately. We take leave to
doubt this, nay, more, we say that it will be
decidedly the fault of the Council or the govern-
ing body if it should prove so. Their policy is
to conciliate the horticulturists, to bind them al
into one federal union, to give as much home-
rule as is consistent with the integrity of the
Society, to place themselves not only nominally,
but really at the head of all the horticultural
societies of the kingdom. We have been at the
pains of collecting a list of the horitcultural
societies of the country — a list which we shall
shortly publish. It will surprise some people by
its length, it will surprise more by the fact that
all, or almost all, these societies are relatively
unorganised associations, existing for a local and
temporary purpose only ; they resemble so many
special constables, who might be organised into a

O o

ft 5

D O
O ^

a
o

Dkclmbei! id, 18S7.]

THE GARDENEnS' CHBONIGLE.

721

very efficient army under the general direction
of the head society, and for the common benefit
of the community. In the meantime all these
societies, instead of beino; a source of strength to
the parent society, divert from it shillings and
guineas which might be much more profitably
expended in the interests of horticulture gene-
rally, if contributed proportionally to the head
society.

Look, too, at the Special societies ; by all
means let the Eosarians and the " '3Iums " have
their special exhibitions if they think fit ; let
the noble tubers exult in their washed jackets ;
but, in the name of all that is horticultural,
what secret is there, what .specialty, in growing
a Rose or Picotee which an ordinary gardener
cannot compass if he chooses 'r A\'hy have a
Special society to teach a gardener how to grow
or show a Dahlia or a Potato ? But it will be
said specialisation is the tendency of the age,
and it is productive of great benefits ; men con-
centrate their energies upon one thing, and
arrive at a degree of excellence they could not
attain to if their labours were diffused. Quite
true ; but then the specialists before they become
specialists must be well grounded in generalities
and first principles. There are special eye-
doctors, special ear-doctors, and so forth, but
how could they possibly follow their specialties
if they were not thoroughly well grounded in
anatomy, physiology, and medicine ? Could there
be a college of eye-doctors or of dentists, whose
work was confined to the use of the opthalmo-
scope or of the tooth forceps ? The thing is absurd :
the practitioner must first be thoroughly well
grounded in the general learning which under-
lies all specialties, and then he may diverge as
inclination or circumstances dictate.

To revert to Horticulture. A\'hilethe poor old
Horticultural Society, which, without at all dero-
gating from the praise due to the special societies,
has done, and is capable of doing more real good to
horticulture in general than all the minor societies
put together, is dying of starvation, the Chry-
santhemum Society can spend, let us say, .£600
a year, the Carnation Society £160, the Itose
Society £300, and so on all along the line. The
figures may not be correct — we put them down
as mere guesses — but they are accurate enough
to illustrate the fact that many hundreds of
pounds are already rai.sed by horticulturists —
and we may say thousands when we count the
local societies — when it suits their purpose, and
they afford an answer to the taunt, that the
horticulturists cannot support the Pioyal Horti-
cultural Society, and that that venerable body
must, in consequence, go on fawning upon the
fashionable, the great body of whom care as much
for horticulture as the Lama of Tibet does for
the Institute of France.

Let the horticulturists then subordinate their
minor sectarian divisions for the common good ;
let them remember that the Society, properly
supported, can do an amount of benefit to the
community, and promote the advancement of the
science, art, and commerce of Horticulture, far
more efficaciously than any number of minor asso-
ciations, however admirably managed, could do.
And it is for the Council of the Society to re-
member that they hold office for the benefit of
Horticulture — they are not so many Mikados to
whom, though all unseen, the Fellows are to pay
homage ; they are rather the tacticians and the
officers to whom the Fellows look literally for
light and for leading. In the past (we do not
speak of individuals) they have not recognised
this sufficiently : in the future they must do so
or give place to others. If Council and com-
munity work in harmony, and both do their

duty, we have no fear for the future of that old
Society to which, in their heart of hearts, all
horticulturists own allegiance.

The Royal Horticultural Society.— ^Ve

are informed that at tlie next meeting, on tiie l.'ith
inst., the President, Sir Trevok Lawrence, Bart.,
will exhibit a collection of seedling bulbous Calanthes.

The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— a well

attended meeting of the executive committee of the
above took place at tlie Caledonian Hotel, Adelplii
Terrace, W.C., on the I'lid inst., Mr. George Deal,
the chairman of the committee, presiding. The
Secretary, Jlr. A. F. Barron, reported that since
the last meeting he had received the names of sixty-
six new subscribers, who had contributed in dona-
tions £15 9a'., and in annual subsciptions £17 lOs.,
making a total of £32 19s. ; also that nine local
secretaries had just sent in tlie sum of £29 10s. 6(/.
The total amount subscribed up to date was, as dona-
tions, £941 13s., of whicli £014 15s. had been paid,
and as annual subscriptions, £211 10s. Iiad been
promised, and £128 IGs. 11(^ paid. A copy of tlie
Declaration of Trust ^vas produced, under which the
trustees of the fund are proceeding to invest
the sum of £500 in 3 per cent. Consols. The
Chairman then submitted a financial statement, intro-
ducing it by saying that under tlie rules the committee
were required to fund all donations ; and having
regard to the support given to the Fund all over the
country, he thought the committee might safely
assume that by the end of the first financial year,
which closes on June 30 next, they would be in a
])osition to invest in the Funds a second sum of £500.
lie then set forth what might be reasonably regarded
as the sum available in July next for boarding out
orphan children under these rules, after deduct-
img all working expenses, and he put it to the
committee whether they sliould take early action
with a view to placing some cliildren upon the Fund ;
or defer proceedings until a later period. No elec-
tion could take place until the first annual meeting
in July next. After some discussion, in which the
committee were unanimous as to taking early action,
the following resolution was carried : — " That in the
opinion of the executive committee the success whicli
has attended the establishment of the Gardeners'
Orphan Fund is sufficiently assured to justify them
in inviting subscribers to the Fund to submit the
names of orphan children as candidates ; and that at
the annual meeting in July next, at least six orphan
children shall be elected on the Fund. A sub-
committee was appointed, consisting of Messrs.
Geo. Deal, W. Rohpell, C. H. Sharma.v,
B. Wynne, and A. F. Barkon (Secretary), to make
the necessary arrangements for the ensuing election,
and submit the same to the executive committee.
liCtters were read from Miss Mason, an inspector of
boarded-out children under the Local Governraeut
Board, and from Miss Akers, the Secretary of an
organization which arranges for and takes the over-
sight of boarded-out children under the provisions
of the Local Government Board, both of whom pro-
mised assistance in the matter. A letter was read
from the Rev. H. H. D'Ombkain, the secretary of the
Horticultural Club, offering the use of a room at
the Horticultural Club for the meetings of the com-
mittee. A hearty vote of thanks was passed to Mr.
D'Ombrain. The Secretary also announced that
some firms in the nursery and seed trade had taken
between them 40,000 subscription-forms for placing
in their catalogues. The proceedings closed with a
hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman, whose labours
on behalf of the Fund are beyond all praise.

The Botanic Garden, Oxford.— Some time

since we announced that Mr. Baxter, after more
than forty years' service, had retired from the
Curatorship of the garden he had done so much to
embellish and render interesting. The following
extract from the Universiti/ Ga::ette will show what
the University proposes to do for its old and faithful
servant. It should be added that Mr. Baxter has to

leave his house, and that no provision is made for
him in the future in this respect, though as superin-
tendent of the park we may hope that this omission
will speedily be remedied ; —

" That the Curators of the University Chest be
authorised to pay a sum of £30 a year from January 1,
188S, towards the retiring pension of Mr. Baxter,
Head Gardener of the Botanic Garden.

" Note. — Mr. Baxter is retiring from the office of
Head Gardener after more than forty years of service,
and it is proposed that he should receive a pension of
£45 a year, of which one-third will be provided out
of the funds of the Botanic Garden. Mr. Baxter
will in future give more time to the superintendence
of the park, and will receive an increased salary from
the Curators."

Asa Gray. — We deeply regret to announce that
a telegram has been received at Kew, announcing the
very serious illness of Dr. Gray, whose eminence as
a botanist, and whose qualities as a man are held in
as high esteem here as they can possibly be in his
own country.

Horticultural Club d, Henrietta Street,

Covent Garden). — The usual monthly dinner and
ronversazionc will take place on Tuesday, Decem-
ber 13, at 6 p.ji. ; subject for discussion, " The Royal
Horticultural Society."

Royal Microscopical Society, (King's

College, W.C.). — The next meeting of the Society
will be held on Wednesday, the 14th inst., at
8 o^clock precisely, when the following papers will be
read : — A. D. Michael : " A New Soaking Me-
dium ; " T. B. Rossiter : " Generative Organs of
Ostracoda;" W. S[. Maskell : "On the Genus
Micrasterias."

SIMABA Cedron.— Mr. J. R. Jackson, Curator
of the Museum, Kew, informs us that in a recent
number of the Proceedings of the Agri-Horticultural
Soviet!/ of Madras a translation is given from a German
publication of an account of the uses of the Cedron
(Simabra Cedron). which will, no doubt, be of some
interest to our readers. It is as follows : — " ' During
my journey in Panama,' writes Mr. John Penn
CtJRREY, ' I observed in front of my tent a rattle-
snake about 15 paces distant. It bit a bird sitting
upon a branch about 3 feet from the ground, and
before I could kill the snake it bit the bird again. 1
counted fourteen rattles on the tail of the snake.
The bird, a kind of bustard, recovered so far that it
flew a distance of 25 paces, where it pecked at a
shrub which resembled the American Quince, and
then rose into high air as if nothing had happened.
I drew the attention of one of my native ser-
vants to the occurrence, but, looking at me with
astonishment, he laughed at my ignorance of
this well-known remedy against the bite from
poisonous snakes and insects. " We care as little for
the bite of a rattle, moccasin, copper-snake, or
tarantula as we do for that of a mosquito," he said ;
"the Cedron-bean kills the poison in five minutes."
We all doubted his assertion ; but on the following
night he caught a large rattlesnake, and next
morning, in front of the whole camp, he allowed
himself to be bitten several times on the left hand,
and then killed the snake. The punctures of the
i)ite were as large as a pin's head, and soon assumed
a purple inflammation, which spread over the whole
hand. We offered the wounded man our heln, but
he declined, and pulled from his pocket a Cedron-
bean of the size of a Chestnut, gnawed at it, and
spread the saliva over the wound. He then prepared
with the scrapings of the bean and hot water a
decoction, which he swallowed, and after half an
hour all the external symptoms of the inflammation
had disappeard. " Tony " only felt a little nausea,
but after two hours he was quite well again.
Other experiments confirmed this experience. I
took some beans with me to San Francisco, where
Professor Langwert, at my request, made several
experiments with the best success.' In the Altu
California and London Lancet reports have been
published on the medical virtues of the Cedron-bean.

722

THE GABDENEBS' CHJ?OXJCLE.

[December 10, 1887.

A Cedron tincture of a quarter bean and 2 oz. of
alcohol in doses of 15 to 20 drops twice a day, is very
effective in cases of obstinate gout. The natives
of Central America also affirm that in no case of
hydrophobia a fatal termination occurs, the remedy
being an infusion of the Cedron-bean. Even dogs
have been observed gnawing occasionally at the
bean.'' Tlie foregoing account is only a recent con-
firmation of what has been often said regarding
Simaba Cedron. It was very fully described in
Hooker's Journnl of llvtmii/. vol. ii., p. 377, and
vol. iii., p. 69. Seeds of the plant were sent to Kew
by PuRDiE in 1846. Further researches on the sub-
ject are published in the Pharmaceutioal Journal for
Feb. 7, 1885, p. 638, and Aug. 8, 1885, p. 126.

The Imperial Institute of the United
Kingdom, the Colonies, and India.— We e.x-
tract the following particulars from the Keport of
the Organizing Committee : —

" They (the committee) submit that the object
of the Memorial will be best indicated by giving to it
the title of the Imperial Institute of the United King-
dom, the Colonies, and India.

" They think that the Institute should find its
home in buildings of such a chaiacter as worthily to
commemorate the Jubilee Year of the Queen's reign,
and to afford accommodation suitable for an institu-
tion combining the important objects which they now
proceed to describe.

" It is obvious that several departments of the
Institute, such as the hall, conference-rooms, &c.,
which will be found described under the Colonial and
Indian Section and the United Kingdom Section
respectively, will be common both to the Colonies
and India and to the United Kingdom ; but as others
have special rel.ation to a particular portion of Her
Majesty's dominions, it will be found convenient to
make tiie following division ; —

" Colonial and Indian Section.

"The object of the Colonial and Indian Section
will be to illustrate the great commercial and indus-
trial resources of the Colonies and India, and to
spread a knowledge of their progress and social con-
dition.

"To this end provision should be made for: —

" 1. The display in an adequate manner of the best
natural and manufactured products of the Colonies
and India, and in connection with this the circula-
tion of typical collections tlironghout tlie United
Kingdom.

"2. A hall for the discussion of Colonial and Indian
subjects, and for receptions connected with the
Colonies and India.

"3. The formation of Colonial and Indian libraries,
and establishing in connection therewith reading,
news, and intelligence rooms.

" 4. The incorporation in some form into the pro-
posed Institute of the I'oyal Colonial Institute and
Koyal Asiatic Society, if. as is hoped, it be possible
to bring about such a union.

" 5. The collection and diffusion of the fullest in-
formation in regai'd to the industrial and material
condition of the Colonies, so as to enable intending
emigrants to acquire all requisite knowledge. Such
information might be advantageously supplemented
by simple and practical instruction. An emigration
office of this character should be in correspondence
with the provincial towns, either through the free
libraries or by other means, so that information may
be readily accessible to the people. These objects
would be greatly facilitated, if, as ni.iy be hoped, the
Government should consent to the transfer to the
buildings of the Institute of the recently formed
Emigration Deparment, which would, by a close con-
nection with the Institute, largely increase its
usefulness.

"Facilities might be afforded for the exhibition of
works of Colonial and Indian Art. It is also con-
sidered desirable that means should be provided, not
for a general exhibition, but for occasion.al special
exhibitions of Colonial and Indian produce and
manufactures. At one time a particular Colony or
portion of the Empire m.ay desire to show its pro-
gress ; at another time a general comparison of \Mxr~
ticular industries may be useful. Whilst the per-
manent galleries would exhibit the usual commercial
or industrial products of the several Colonies and
India, the occasional exhibitions would stimulate
and enlist the sympathies of Colonial and Indian
producers, and keep up an active co-operation with
the industrial classes of this eountrv.

" United Kingdom Section.

" The leading objects of this section will be to ex-
hibit the development during Her M.ijesty's reign
and the present condition of tiie natural and manu-
factured products of the United Kingdom, and to
afford such stimulus and knowledge as will lead to
still further development, and thus increase the in-
dustrial prosperity of the country. We submit that
these objects may be carried out by making provision
fur the following purposes : —

■■ 1. Corapreliensive collections of the natural pro-
ducts of the United Kingdom and of such products
of other nations as are employed in its industries,
with full scientific, practical, and commercial infor-
mation relating tliereto.

" 2. Illustrations of manufactured products,
typical of their development and present con-
dition, of trades and handicrafts, and their progress
during the Queen's reign, including illustrations of
foreign work when necessai-y tor comparison, together
with models illustrating naval architecture, engi-
neering, mining, and architectural works.

" 3. A library for industrial, commercial, and
economic study, which should contain standard works
and reports on all subjects of trade and commerce.
It will be desirable also to include a library of inven-
tions of the Empire, and as far as possible of the
United States and other countries.

"4. Heading and conference rooms supplied with
English, colonial, and foreign commercial and tech-
nical periodicals, and a fully-equipped map-room for
geographical and geological reference. The con-
ference rooms would be of value for meetings of
Chambers of Commerce and other bodies of a kin-
dred nature.

" 5. The promotion in affiliation with the Imperial
Institute of commercial museums in the City of
London and in the commercial centres of the pro-
vinces. To these the Institute would contribute
specimens, samples, and exhibits of the commercial
products likely to be specially valuable in particular
localities. Tiiere should also be an organisation to
connect the Imperial Institute with the provincial
centres, by lectures, conferences, the circulation of
specimens, and other means.

" It is hoped that the Institute m.ay lead to the
organisation of high schools of commerce, such as
are now established in the chief commercial towns of
most Continental countries, but which have as yet
unfortunately no existence in the United Kingdom.

"Though sensible of the objections that may be
urged against the situation at South Kensington, the
Committee think that the advantage must be obvious
of obtaining a sufficient site virtually free of cost, so
that the whole of the subscriptions may be devoted
to provide a building for and establishing and m.^in-
taining the Institute.

" In that locality are combined the City and Guilds
Technical College, the Royal College of Music, and
tiie Government Museums and Schools of Science
and Art which ought to be in immediate proximity
to an Imperial Institute of the character which we
have described.

" The technical character of the collections and
exhibitions of the Imperial Institute has a natural
connections with the collections of Science and Art
in the Government Museums.

" General Oesebvations.
" An Imperial Institute for the United Kingdom,
the Colonies, and India would fail in its chief object
if it did not constantly kee]) in view that it ought to
be a centre for diffusing and extending knowledge in
relation to tlio industrial resources and commerce of
the Empire."

Fruit-growing in British Columbia.— The

Canadian correspondent of tlie Liverpool Journal of
Commerce states that a Fruit Growers' Association for
IJritish Columbia has been formed, with every pros-
pect of usefulness.

National Auricula Society and National
Carnation and Picotee Society.— Mr. Jamus
DonoLAs, Ilou. Secretary of tlie above, informs
us that the annual general meeting will be held,
by permission of the Council of the Royal
Horticultural .Society, in the conservatory. South
Kensington, as soon after 12 o'clock as pos-
sible on Tuesday, December 13. The business of
the meeting will be the election of oflicers and com-

mittee, the receipt of the Secretary's and Treasurer's
report, the election of judges for the ensuing year,
and any other necessary business as may pertain to
the annual general meeting.

National Rose Society. — The annnal

general meeting of the above Society will be held,
by the kind permission of the Horticultural Club.
at their rooms, 1, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden,
on Thursday. December 8, at 3 o'clock.

Scientific Committee.— We remind members
of this Committee, that owing to the general meet-
ing to be held on the same day, Deceraljer 13, the
meeting of this Committee is fixed for 12 (noon),
instead of 1 p.m.

Plants of Asia Minor.— Herr Padl Sm-

TENis, of Kupferberg, Silesia, is about to proceed to
Kurdistan for the purpose of collecting dried plants,
bulbs, &c. Mr. W. Threlfall is also about to visit
the same regions for botanical purposes, going to
JIossuI (Nineveh), and purposing to collect plants ia
the Djebel Haurin mountains, and making his way
northward in spring.

LiNNEAN Society of London.— Tlie next

meeting will be held on Thursday, December 15,
at 8 P.M., when the following papers will be read ; —
" Myriapoda of Mergui Archipelago," by Mr. R. J.
PococK ; " Divergent Evolution through Cumulative
Segregation," by the Rev. J. T. Golick ; " Apogony
and Apospory in Trichomanes," by Professor
Bo^vER ; and " Fertilisation of Arauja sericifera," by
Messrs. Johnston and Morgan.

Exhibition Honours— Last spring Jlessrs.

Sutton consigned to Adelaide for the great Jubilee
International Exhibition a collection of seeds and
models of vegetables and agricultural roots, grasses,
grass-seeds, and other articles bearing upon horti-
culture and agriculture, and they have received from
Sir Akthue Blyth the intelligence that the juries,
have awarded them five First Orders of Merit, each
carrying the Highest Prize Medal.

" Permanent and Temporary Pastures."

— This work of Mr. Martin J. Sutton has received
recognition from the juries at the Adelaide Jubilee
Exhibition, it having been awarded a First Order of
Merit and Highest Prize Medal. The fact that
laying down land to grass is of such extreme im-
portance in Australia must render this honour all
t!ie more gratifying.

Harpenden, — A very successful exhibition of
Apples has been held tliis week, and a Congress in
connection therewith, the report of which is at hand,
and will be published in our ne.xt issue.

Devon and Exeter Horticultural Society.

— The general meeting of the subscribers of the above
Society was lield on Friday, the 2ud inst. C. T. K.
Roberts, Esq., the late Hon. Secretary, and the
Mayor of Exeter for the present year, was elected
President of the Society for this year. It was
decided to hold two exhibitions in 1838, viz., one on
August 17, and another on November 16.

Paris Horticultural Congress.— a meet-
ing of this kind has now become an institution in
Paris. Those who intend to bv present, or who
propose to oft'er subjects for discussion, are requested
to communicate with the Secretary, Mr. Ernest
Bergmann, 84, Rue de Grenelle, Paris, at an early
date. Jlembers of the National Horticnltural
Society of France, have the privilege of travelling to
Paris on this occasion at half fares, so far as the
French railways are concerned.

Christmas Cards —We have received from
Mr. S. C. Harding, 45, Piccadilly, a series of floral
designs, coloured and uncoloured, whicli are elegantly
got up and prettily drawn. It is a pity, however,
that many artists — we fear we must add many lady
artists — are deficient in the requisite botanical
knowledge, and so produce representations of abor-

December 10, 1887.]

THE CrABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

728

tions and cripples, interesting as patliological studies
aud certainly jirctt)' hut distasteful because inaccurate.

Monstrous Mushroom.— llr. R. LivEBMonE

kindly sends us a Mushroom similar to that figured
last week (p. 606), but even more singular, inasmuch
as four Mushrooms were growing in one mass. The
lowest one (1) was in its natural position, with the gills
downward ; the one next above
had its gills directed up\vards ; 4. -^

the third had the gills turned 3 .1 -

upwards; while the topmost, or j '

fourth, was in the natural posi- "(

tion. We may indicate this by 1. ^ ~"

the accompanying scheme, in
which the thick lines represent the gills, and the
thin the top surfaces of the Mushroom.

Mr. a. D. Webster. — AVe are pleased to hear
that Mr. Webster, from whose contributions on
Forestry and Arboricultural matters our readers
have derived so much advantage, has been appointed
to the charge of Lord Derby's est.ite at Holwood
Park, near Bromley.

OUR ALMANAC AND THE
POSTAL AUTHORITIES.

For some years past we have been ia the habit of
presenting our readers at the beginning of each year
with a coloured Almanac as a supplement to the
Gardeners' ChronicL'. This arrangement, owing to the
decision of the postal authorities, we can no longer
carry out. In order to conform to the Post Office
regulations, and at the same time to benefit our readers,
we intend, in the first number of the New Year, to
publish our Almanac in another form, which we trust
will be more serviceable to our subscribers generally,
as we shall also incorporate in the number for that
week a variety of calendarial information which the
limited space at our command has previously pre-
vented us from giving.

As the regulations illustrate the ways of the
department towards the public, we lay the facts
before our readers, assuring them that we trust they
will be found to be the gainers by the change.

The ultimate decision of the postal authorities is
given in these words: — "The Gardeners' Chronicle
Almanac is not admissible as a supplement, inas-
much, as the greater portion is neither ' news ' nor
' advertisements.' " AVe first published a sheet
Almanac in 1873, and for several years it passed un-
challenged by the Post Office, till they suddenly
discovered that it was not a supplement within the
meaning of the Act ; however, after some discussion,
they ruled that if we gave a short explanatory
article in the same number that the Almanac was
published, it would be allowed to pass ; this
was in 1879, and ever since then this has been
done. In the list of Christmas numbers, &c.,
allowed to go through the post at the usual
newspaper rate, which the Post Office sends
out a few weeks before Christmas, the Gardeners'
Chronicle has been included for several years past.
The authorities now, however, decline to admit that
it was through any suggestion of theirs that the
Gardeners' Chronicle Alvcyansic has been allowed to go
through the post unchallenged for so many years.

Another illustration or two of Post Office Regu-
lations may interest our readers. On June 5, 1886,
we published a four-page supplement containing Mr.
Sherwood's address to the subscribers of the Gardeners'
Royal Benevolent Institution, &c., and two pages
of advertisements : 10,000 extra copies, wire-stitched,
of this number were sent through the post on Friday,
June 4 — the following morning we received infor-
mation that over 4000 copies had been stopped at the
General Tost Office, because we had stitched the sup-
plement as well as the paper. This error on our part
cost U3 a half-penny extra on each paper : they might
have charged us 3c?. extra, so we ought, perhaps, to be
thankful for that concession. Oddly enough, had we
omitted the word " supplement " we might have
stitched it without any fear of being surcharged !

The latest regulation of the General Post Office

concerns the postal wrappers For many years past
our wrappers have been printed thus : —

THE GARDEN ERS' CHRONICLE.
Established 1841.

■11. WELLrXGTON STREET, COVENT GAUDKN.
LONDON'. W.C.

At the beginning of this year we made a slight
addition, thus: —

Price
3,7.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONCILE :
Established 1841. '

11, WELLLNUTi'N STREET. COVENT

GARUEN. LONDON, W.C. ;

Price
3r/.

when, after a few weeks, we were officially informed
that we must delete not onlj' "Price 3f?." but the
familiar words "Established 1841." And why ? we
asked. " Because it is an advertisement for the Gar-
deners' Chronicle!" Injustice to the Post Office
authorities it is but fair to state that we believe this
last regulation does not emanate from them, but from
tlie Lords of the Treasury, and we have been allowed
to make use of those still in stock.

"We frankly admit that the work of the Post Office
is done marvellously well, and with the exception,
ill the case of one of the former Secretaries, we have
always been received and treated with the greatest
courtesy in the various departments. We think the
time, however, has arrived when some of these
absurd restrictions should be done away with. The
mere fact of the General Post Office taking fourteen
years to decide whether our Almanac is a supple-
ment or not, proves conclusively that they do not
know themselves how to define a " supplement," and,
that being the case, we might have been permitted
to have the benefit of the doubt.

SIR J. D. HOOKER.

The Copley Jledal for the year has been awarded
to the eminent botanist, your former President, Sir
Joseph Dalton Hooker, It is impossible, within the
limits to which I must confine myself on the present
occasion, to do more than briefly refer to some of the
more salient features of his scientific career, extend-
ing as it does over nearly half a century of unceasing
intellectual activity ; and I need hardly say that in
attempting to give some idea of important labours
which lie outside my own studies, I am dependent
on the kindness of scientific friends.

As a traveller he can perhaps only compare with
Humboldt in the extent to which he has used travel
as an instrument of research. To quote a remark by
Prof. Asa Gray, " No botanist of the present century,
perhaps of any time, has seen more of the earth's
vegetation under natural conditions." His Antarctic
voyage in 1839—43 supplied the material for a series
of well-known works of first-rate importance on the
vegetation of the southern hemisphere ; and these in
their turn formed the basis of important general
discussions. The journey to India in 1847 — 51
yielded, in the Himalayan journals, as Humboldt has
remarked, " a perfect treasure of important observa-
tions." The maps made of the passes into Tibet are
even still unsuperseded. The fine work on the
SilJdin Rhododendrons was at once a revelation to
the botanist and to the horticulturist. His account
of the glacial phenomena of the Himalayas supplied
facts both to Darwin and to Lyell. A journey to
Morocco in 1871, and a later visit to North America,
led to important conclusions on plant distribution.

Perhaps Sir Joseph Hooker's most important
place in scientific history will be found in the rational
basis upon which he placed geographical botany.
De Candolle, while admitting the continuity of
existing floras with those preceding them in time,
still adhered in principle to the multiple origin of
species. To quote a remark by Prof. Asa Gray,
" De Candolle 's great work closed one epoch in the
history of the subject, and Hooker's name is the first
that appears iu the ensuing one." According to

Lyell, " the abandonment of the old received doctrine
of the ' immutability of species ' was accelerated in
England by the appearance, in 1859, of Dr. Hooker's
Essay on the Flora, of Australia." This essay effected
a revolution. It was quickly followed, in 1860, by
the classical essay on the Distribution of Arctic
Plants, aud in 188(i by the Nottingham lecture on
insular floras. The fact of widely dissevered localities
for species, which De Candolle found an insuperable
obstacle to abandoning the doctrine of multiple
origin, has, in the hands of Hooker and A. Gray (as
stated by Benthara), alforded the most convincing
proof of the genetic relationship of the floras of
which such species are components.

In systematic botany Hooker has perhaps had no
rival since Robert Brown. The Genera Plantarum,
the joint work of himself and his friend Bentham,
and the Flora Indica, to the completion of which our
colleague is devoting the leisure of a well-earned
retirement, form only, as it were, the head of an
immense body of taxonomic memoirs.

Nor have his services to botanical science been
confined to geographical botany and to taxonomy.
His researches on various groups, such as Wel-
witschia and others, deal in a masterly way with
morphological problems of the highest interest and
oi extreme difficulty.

While no one would attempt to minimise the com-
manding and unique position of j\Ir. Darwin, the
scientific historian of tiie future will recognise how
much the development of the modern theory of
evolution, from its first conception in the mind of
Mr. Darwin, was facilitated by the interaction upon
one another of the work and minds of Darwin,
Hooker, and Lyell. It was due to the earnest efforts
of his two friends that Mr. Darwin was induced to
publish the first sketch of the origin of species at all.
And no one, had he been alive, would have more
cordially recognised than Mr. Darwin how vast an
armoury of facts the wide botanical experience of
Hooker constantly placed at his disposal in fortify-
ing and supporting his main position. From Prof.
Sto/,-es' Address to the Hoyal Society.

ODONTOGLOSSUMS AT HOWICK
HOUSE, PRESTON.

[See Supplementary Sheet.]

I TAKE the opportunity of forwarding you a couple
of photographs of groups of Orchids we have just
had taken here. The Odontoglossum group shows a
fair sample of over 200 spikes that have flo>vcred this
spring, amongst them being some forms of excep-
tional size and beauty.

These plants are grown during the summer and
autumn in a north house kept continually cool and
moist, but in the early winter were moved into a
span-roofed house where more light and air could be
given, and as a consequence ttie spikes pushed up in
greater numbers and with increased vigour. When
the bright days of spring came round again the
whole were moved into the north house again, where
the young growths are now freely pushing up, and
doubtless some grand bulbs will shortly be made, the
sure precursors of stout and vigorous spikes. The
photograph was takeu by Mr. W. Beattie, Fisher Gate,
Prestou. W. S. [We take this this opportunity of ask-
ing for the address of a correspondentwho sent us some
nionths since a view of a similar group of orchids,
and which has been mislaid. Ed.]

Roses.

THE PLANTING OF ROSES.
" Wild Rose "did well to call attention to the time
and mode of planting in a recent number of the Gar-
deners' Chronicle. He also does good service in in-
structing would-be rosarians as to the manner of
Roses to plant. On the latter point, however,
there is gi'eat diversity of opinion as well as
of results. Singularly enough, abreast with the
Gardeners' Chronicle containing "Wild Rose's"
advice to shun the Manetti, came tiie catalogue
of a large grower announcing that all his dwarfs
were on the Manetti. On the same day I met in the
garden of an enthusiastic amateur striking proofs
of the force of one of " Wild Rose's" heaviest indict-
ments against the Manetti stock. In a circular bed

724

THE GAI?DENE1?S' CHBONICLE.

I December 10.

of choice perpetuals, obtained from one of onr best Rose
nurserseries, almost half hart reverted to the stock
without any suspicion ou the |)art of the grower.
Those who note my signature will nut be surprised
to learn that I prefer dwarfs on tlioir own roots.
Wonders have been done among perpetuals or Teas
on Brier cuttings and seedlings ; but equal success
has been obtained on their own roots; and Roses that
are all Roses, can never be confounded with their
stocks, nor the latter carefully cultivated when the
Roses have perislied. But as I like to raise Roses as
high in the world of art and in gardens as possible,
I cannot agree in disparaging standards, nor see the
consistency of any one who does so proposing to
mount dwarf Roses on Brier roots. A few inches or
feet difference in stature changeth not the nature
nor functions of Briar-roots. Besides it is often
convenient to raise the Rose up to us, instead of
bending to the earth to fully enjoy their fragrance
and their beauty ; and I still believe that a maiden
bloom on a Brier has never yet been beaten, and
also that " Wild Rose "has won many brilliant victories
with many such in his time.

I have nothing to add to " Wild Rose's " excellent
advice as to bringing Roses from a worse to a better
climate— tlie choice of ripened plants, the sort of
soil to plant in, and the importance of firm planting.
Very many failures result from inattention to those
vital points. One other matter, perhaps, hardly
receives the prominence its importance merits. All
that is urged about the importance of bringing Roses
from a worse to a better climate, as a factor in their
future well-doing, applies with equal or greater force
to soil.

Commercial Rose growers are compelled for trade
reasons to grow their Roses in deep rich tilth. In
such the roots run deep and wide, and the top
growths bear a pretty close relation to the root
ramifications. But, alas ! the major portion of those
strongand succulent roots are left in the ground when
transplanted, and the tops areperforce obliged to face
the next season's heat and drought without the major
portion of their roots. This is trial enough-in all con-
science for any Rose, however strong. But, supposing
insult is added to injuiy by planting in poverty-
stricken soil as well. This would be increasing the
difficulties of the newly-planted ose by a sort of
compound interest.

It is also a fact that Roses form most fibres in
soils of medium quality, or even on those that may
be termed poor. The top growths on Roses grown on
such tilths, if not so vigorous, are better matured.
The roots are also hungry instead of being gorged
with food or sap. Shift these on to richer tilths
and they will make for the food supplies at once, like
beggars who sit down to a feast : hence, while Roses
set on the down grade, from richer to poorer tilths,
are caught up by the winter before their sulking
roots have decided whether they can live on the
poor commons set before them, those on the up
grade, from poorer to richer, will have doubled the
number and multiplied indefinitely the feeding
forces of their roots before their activities are
arrested by the frost.

Quite a new and unexpected difficulty has pre-
sented itself this season in the planting of Roses and
other trees and shrubs. In not a few districts the
soil, a few inches under the surface, is still as hard
and dry as it was during the intense and long-con-
tinued drought of the past summer, and this not
only on shallow tilths, but in kitchen and flower
gardens, and on well cultivated fields that have been
under liberal treatment for years. Nothing furnishes
such forcible proof of the extreme severity of the
drought as this parched state of soils and subsoils
during November. In an experience of many years
I have never seen the lower strata of surface soil and
the top of the subsoil so hard and dry at this season.
This will greatly increase the labour and the risks of
planting. It also enforces advice often given, to
prepare all ground for Roses and other plants a few
months before the planting season. Had these hard
tilths been broken up sooner, manured or otherwise
enriched and made more porous, the rain must have
penetrated deeper into them by this time.

It seems almost absurd to counsel watering the
ground before or even immediately after planting in
November ; but it is needful, nevertheless, this

season, and in all cases in which the root runners are
found in such arid condition. Only last week the
pick had to be used in a prepared anil well jiloughed
field for forest trees and shrubs, and the soil, by no
means stiff, came up in lumps more like sandstone
rock than tolerably mellow earth, as it always was
till this year, as an old labourer forcibly expressed it.
Had water in quantity been within reach, it would
have paid well — alike in labour saved and in future
results on the soil— to have flooded the second spit
before attempting to raise it. By getting these hard
dry tilths up as soon as possible, the frequent rains

FlQ. 140.— SPRAY OF ATHROTAXIS SELAaiNGIDKS.

Fig. 141. — FOLIAGE OF A. SELAOINOIDES (REDUCED).

now falling may sufficiently moisten them to pre-
vent the necessity of flooding our Rose plants this
November. Rosa.

ATHROTAXIS.

These are Tasmanian trees, which are rarely seen
to advantage in England, but the receipt of splen-
didly developed branches from the neighbourhood of
Dublin leads us to give some illustrations of them.
We do this the more readily, as the names of the
three species are sorely muddled in gardens. The
most common species is —

A. cuprcssoidcs (figs. 144 and l-iri), which has pro-
duced cones in Mr. Noble's nursery and elsewhere,
and which has the leaves so closely appressed that
the branches resemble whip-cord. It is sometimes
called imbricata. A figure of the plant with the cones
was given in our number for August 29, 1SS.3, p. 273.

A. lai'lfolia (figs. 142 and 143) is very similar, but
the leaves are longer, more pointed, and spreading,
not appressed. It has been called A. Doniana. A
figure of this species was given in our number for
November 7, 188.5, p. 585.

A. fehginoides (figs. 140 and 141) is the most dis-
tinct of the three, and resembles Araucaria Cun-

ninghami in foliage, its leaves being much longer,
more sharply pointed, and more spreading than in
the other species, but at the same time incurved.
This is the least common of the three.

The plants are evidently suited for a milder winter
climate than is experienced in the greater part of
England, but in the south-western counties in Ire-
land, as well as in many of our Colonies, they form
handsome and desirable trees. For their distinct
habit and rich colour no collector will omit growing
them, and they are sufficiently distinct to merit a
place in the conservatory, where the climate is too
tender for their growth out-of-doors.

Notices of Books.

Roses for Amateurs : A Practical Chtide to the

Selection a7id Cultivation of the best Eases for
Exhibition or mere Pleasure, by that large section
of the Gardening World, the Amateur Lovers
{sic!) of Boses. Illustrated. By the Rev. H.
Honywood D'Orabrain, Hon. Secretary of the
National Rose Society ; Editor of the Rosarian's
Year Boole, &c. (London : L. Upcott Gill, 170,
Strand, W.C. 1887.)

Rosarians generally will gladly welcome the latest
contribution to Rose literature from the pen of the
able and energetic Secretary of the National Rose
Society, in spite of the modest intimation of its
preface, that Bo&es for Amateurs is intended only for
beginners ; for though on certain points in Rose
culture, as in most other things, there will always
be almost as many opinions as there are grower?,
nevertheless the information afforded by this genial
writer is invariably of value, and is, moreover, so
pleasantly conveyed, that his book is certain to be
read by cultivators at large ; at the same time, unlike
so many so-called " Guides," these sixty pages really
fulfil the avowed purpose of their author in providing
clear and sound practical instruction on Rose grow-
ing for the benefit of amateurs of little or no
experience.

Seeing that exhibitors always have the finest
blooms, Mr. D'Ombrain logically counsels the adop-
tion of the method of cultivation that exhibitors
employ, even though growers should not be desirous
to exhibit, and the wisdom of this excellent advice
cannot be too strongly insisted on ; for since
the one object of the exhibitor is to obtain
the most beautiful flowers possible, it is essen-
tial that his Rose trees should be kept in a
state of perfect health, and therefore any growers
who follow the means by which the exhibitor obtains
this result will have their plants in a state of the
greatest healthiness — that is, in their state of
greatest beauty ; and there is no doubt that for
the attainment of this desirable end, beginners can-
not possibly do better than follow minutely the
excellent instructions on choice of situation, selec-
tion, planting, pruning, and general culture, omitting
only the unsightly and unnecessary processes of
summer — staking and shading. In a manual designed
chiefly for the use of non-exhibiting amateurs
(although the directions for exhibiting are clear,
concise, and very practical), it is, perhaps, not to be
wondered at that the questions of stocks and budding
should be only somewhat generally treated ; but con-
sidering the fact that, as a rule, as soon as people begin
Rose-growing they are seized with a desire to increase
their possessions by budding some plants themselves,
it is rather surprising to find so practised a grower
advising the purchase of stocks instead of explaining
the very simple process of stock-making.

The immense value and beauty of the Tea-scented
Roses, and the fact of their being not more perma-
nently injured by the winter than the hybrid per-
petuals, are ably set forth by the author, wlio, how-
ever, unduly maligns Marechal Kiel as a climber out-
of-doors, in accusing it of always producing flowers
with outer petals discoloured and looking half dead !
— a state of things surely to be attributed to an un-
skilful cultivator niihor than to the plant. Teas

Ukceuber 10, 1887.1

THE GAEDEXERS' CHRONICLE.

725

under glass are also treated of, and a good selection
of varieties is given, in regard to which, however, it
may be well to point out that Madame de AVatte-
ville has disappointed a good many indoors, as the
great attraction of the flower — namely, the clear dis-
tinction between the pure white of the petal and its
rosy margin — is liable not to be maintained imder
glass, where the whole flower is generally of a uni-
form pale rosy tint.

Mr. D'Ombrain makes a good point, and one which
cannot be too much insisted on, in showing that
many of the Koses most valuable for exhibition are
also the best garden Roses ; this is a jjroposition to
which, of course, there are numerous exceptions, as in
the case of single Koses, some of the best of which
are recommended ; but it is of great importance to
combat the popular superstition which still survives
in many localities, to the eflect that Koses which
produce flowers fit for exhibition are of no value for
the decoration of the garden, or that vigorous garden
Koses will never bear flowers fit for exhibition.

In the list given of the best varieties for exhibition
there are a few to which some exhibitors would pro-
bably take exception, and which are certainly not
often seen at shows, while there is a notable absentee
in Ulrich Brunner among the hybrid perpetuals, and
several of the finest Teas are not included.

The book is illustrated by excellent reproductions,
reduced in size, of the plates in the illustrated cata-
logues of the National Kose Society, and is rendered
additionally valuable and handy for reference by a
good index. There are a few misprints which, how-
ever, are not likely to be of much consequence to
beginners inKose-growing, with the exception of one
on p. 54, where, in the list of Teas, the novel name
of Imaene Viola — presumably a printer's variation
on Innocente Pirola — occurs ; and it may safely be
said, that while the novice will find clearly set forth all
the information requisite for successful Kose-culture,
there are no true rosarians who will not derive
pleasure from the work of so sympathetic a wTiter.

Scotland.

EOYAL HORTICULTUKAL SOCIETY OF
ABERDEEX.

The acting directors of this Society met in the
office of the Secretary, Mr. A. M. Byres, C.A., Aber-
deen, on the 30th ult. The re-election of Town
Councillor Lyon as Chairman was unanimously
agreed to, and Mr. James Cocker, sen., was appointed
Vice-Chairman. It was agreed to hold a grand floral
fete next year, about the third or fourth week in
August, to extend over three days.

Scottish Prijicla and AtmicuLA Society.
The last annual meeting was held in Edinburgh on
the 1st inst., Mr. M. Dunn, Dalkeith Gardens, in the
chair. Mr. Straton, Secretary and Treasurer, submitted
his report. The proposal to establish an Auricula
Society for Scotland had been well received, and the
financial condition of the Society was encouraging,
£8 lOs, being the balance. K. Cathcart, Esq., Pit-
cairlie, Fife, was re-elected President, and Mr.
Straton, Annfield, Broughty Ferry, still remains as
Secretary and Treasurer. The next exhibition will
be held on May 9, 1888, when Mr. Straton will offer
a Gold Medal for competition.

IloYAL Caledonian" Horticulural Society.
The annual meeting was held on the 1st inst., in
tho Music Hall, Edinburgh, Henry H, Norrie, Esq.,
Coltbridge Hall, in the chair. Jlr. P. Neill Eraser,
Treasurer, stated that the total receipts amounted to
£1398 7s. 7''., and that the expenses left a deficit of
£147 19s. Wil., due mainly to the printing of the
report of the Apple and Pear Congress, and to expen-
diture in connection with the Kose show, Mr. John
Stewart, Secretary, announced that the retiring Vice-
President was the Duke of Buccleuch, and that the
retiring members of the Council were Professor
Dickson and Jlr. Dunn. The Marquis of Lothian
was re-elected President of the Societv, Viscount

Fig. 142.— athrotaiis LAxiroiiA.

Fig. 143.— foliage of a. laxifolia.

Fig. Hi.- AIHROTAXIS Ct'PRKSSOIBES, SPRAY.

Fig. 115.— foliage or a. cupsessoides.

Jlclville was elected a Vice-President, and Mr.
Robert Lindsay, Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens,
lOdinburgh, and Mr. Alexander Laing, gardener,
Salisbury Green, Edinburgh, were elected members
of the Council. The Secretary and Treasurer were
again re-elected, as was also the Auditor, Mr. A.
Davidson Smith.

Scottish IIorticcltuhal Association.
This Association held its monthly meeting on the
llth inst., at 5, St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh, the
I'resident, Mr. D. P. Laird, in the chair. A paper,
by Mr. John Thomson, Tweed Vineyard, Cloven-
fords, on " Facts and Fallacies in Vine Culture," was
read by Mr. Riddell, Grange Cemetery, in the absence
of Mr. Thomson through illness.

DONDEE HORTICDLTDRAL SoCIETv's CHRYSANTHEMnM

Show.

The first Chrysanthemum show of this Society was
opened in the Kinnaird Hall, Dundee, on the 2nd
inst. The show was an excellent one in so far as
cut flowers were concerned. Plants in pots were
limited in number and poorly gi-own.

In the class for twenty-four blooms, twelve varieties,
open to gardeners and amateurs only, Mr. James
Kennedy, gr., Ardarroch, proved a worthy 1st with
some grand flowers of white and golden Empress of
India, Criterion, Lord Alcester, and Boule d'Or.
Mr. J. Machar, gr.. Corona, Broughty Ferry, was a
good 2nd, showing splendid flowers of Ralph Brockle-
bank, Boule d'Or, and Lord Alcester. Jlr. Thomas
Mackie, gr., Edenhall, Broughty Ferry, being 3rd.

For twelve blooms incurved, Mr. Kennedy was
again placed 1st, Mr. Thomas Blackley, gr. "to H.
Sandeman, Esq., Perth, being an excellent 2nd. In
Japanese blooms, twelve distinct, Mr. Kennedy
again led, with Mr. Grossart pressing him close as
a 2nd.

In the smaller classes the honours fell to other
exhibitors. For six Japanese Mr. James Grant, gr.
to Miss Bannerman, Aberdeen, was placed 1st, the
most meritorious blooms in his set being Jeanne
Delaux and Elaine. Mr. Holman, gr. at Vine Bank
Gardens, was a good 2nd. With six incurved blooms
Mr. Grant again took the 1st place, followed by Mr.
Saunders, Lismore.

In the nurserymen's class for twenty-four cut
blooms, distinct, Messrs. K. B. Laird & Sons, Edin-
burgh, were the only competitors. Their stand was
much admired botli for the excellent culture and
finish displayed in the blooms, and the novelty and
distinctness of the varieties, the following being the
most remarkable amongst them ; — Moonlight, Jilons.
W. Holmes, Carew Underwood, Mons. Astorg,
Gloriosum, Japonaisc, and Sccur Dorothee Souille.

Exigencies of space forbids our particularising the
competitions in the classes for plants in pots, and,
indeed, in several of the classes there were no
entries.

One class only was provided for cut flowers for
amateurs, which was for eight blooms, not less than
four varieties ; this brought out four competitors, the
1st prize being taken by Mr. Wm. Stuart, St. Mai-y's
Terrace, Dundee.

There were some notable features of the show,
apart from the Chrysanthemums. The several col-
lections of Apples and Pears exhibited at the
Edinburgh show last week were exhibited here also,
and in addition to these an excellent collection of
Apples and some splendidly finished Grapes were
exhibited by Mr. Scott, gr., Rosely, Arbroath.
Some capital Grapes were also put up by Mr.
Mcintosh, gr., Taymount ; and a few dishes of superior
Apples and Pears by Mr. Christian, gr., Brackenbrae,
West i>rry. About seventy varieties of Apples, by
Mr. Williamson, gr., Tarvit, were exhibited on the
table of Mr. Spence, fruiterer, Dundee.

The orchestra was tastefully decorated by Messrs.
Laird & Sinclair with graceful groups of Palms, Tree
Ferns, and other foliage plants, interspersed with
Chrysanthemums and other flowering plants. Messrs.
Storrie & Storrie formed an attractive central group of
decorative plants, and another table exhibited an

726

THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONIGLE.

[December 10, 1887.

assortment of cut flowers. Mr. James Jloir, gr.,
Clement Park, Locbee, exhibited some of the finest
cut blooms in tb.e show, wliich were remarkable aliki'
for their size and purity of colour; and Messrs. Lainl
& Sons. Edinburgh, made a brilliant display of single
and other decorative Chrysanthemums made up in

Home Correspondence.

^" Comsjjoiidents loill greatly ohliye hy sending eurlij
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.

Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkable
plants, trees, cj-c, are also solicited.

NAILING TIMBER TREES.— It U odd that thij
pernicious practice still survives, and that there are
people about who have no more appreciation of the
purposes for which timber trees are grown than lo
use thera as posts to nail rails to. to turn them
to account for posts to temporary sheds in corners of
fields and the like. Such treatment of growing trees
can only arise from sheer thoughtlessness, and 1
regret to say that the farm labourer, who generally
gets the discredit, is not the only ofl'ender, as there
are plenty of cases where tlie farmers themselves,
shrewd enough in dealing with a horse or a cow, are
aiders and .abettors in damaging tlieir landlords' pro-
perty. I do not say that is done of malice prepense, as
I do not believe it is ; but from whatever cause, it is
high time that some step should be taken by land-
owners to put a stop to the business once for all. Tt
is very convenient to seize a rail, and nail it to the
nearest trees, where there is a gap in the hedge,
and to nail the roof of a temporary stall in another
part of the field. But what is the result when the
tree comes to be felled ? Simply that the nails are
visible, and that the owner of the timber has to make
serious allowances, as the damage is always to the
best part of the tree, or the mischief is concealed.
and the saws of the purchasers have in due time to
crash against the iron. Gate-hooks, again, are very
favourite articles for driving into shading trees, and
I have even known chains embedded beneath the
bark. We must not, I suppose, resuscitate the old
penal laws, or a few hours in the stocks would be a
salutary lesson to such as possess no better judgment
than to treat growing timber trees in the way I have
described. J). J. Y.

A NEW INDIAN LILY. — About a month ago 1
sent a note to the Gardeners' Chronicle announcing
my intention of introducing to the botanical public
a new Indian Lily which my son. who is neither a
botanist nor a gardener, had found in Eajpootanah.
A lady who knows the neighbourhood informs me
that Gloriosa snperba is abundant there. This might
so easily be mistaken for a Lily, and the flower of it
corresponds so exactly to my son's description, that
I think the " new Lily " is probably nothing else ;
but in that case my son was mistaken about the root,
which he described as composed of scales like those
of a Lily. C. Volley Pod, Edgr Hall, Malpas.

DESTROYING WORMS ON LAWNS. — Will Mr.
Prewitt kiTidly tell me wliat time of the year is best
to apply corrosive sublimate on the lawns, and which
is the best time, dry or wet weather? J. M.

POINSETTIAS. — An arrangement of much beauty
and simplicity may now be seen in the Upton Nur-
series. Chester, where a house of Maidenhair and
other Ferns have a number of Poinsettias and Tube-
roses in flower studded amongst them. Two houses
full of Tree Carnations in flower thinly interspersed
with Palms, present a warmth of colour and a picture
of much gi-acefulness. The Old Hand.

FERTILISING MOSS.— Turning over last month's
Gardeners' Chronicles to-day I came across the note
in November 12, p. 587, " Gardening at Gnnners-
bury," and read of Mr. Roberts' success with
Bouvardias in " Fertilising Moss." The writer with
the initials " R. D." seems also to have been struck
with the success of Mr. Roberts' experiments, and
one could wish that Mr. Roberts would wield his own
pen as well on such a subject. Would any of your
readers like to see a plant, now nearly three years
old, that has never been in earth or felt the benefit
and eff'ects of virgin loam ? If so, my address is at

their service, and they have only to call. But what
1 have now taken up my pen more definitely for is
to ask whether this medium of culture is as new to
most of your readers; and, whether any of your
correspondents can and will give myself and your
other interested readers — for I know of sever.al who
would like to gain information on this subject— the
benefit of their experience. Q.

DOUBLE-FLOWERED SPECIES OF OXALIS— In
last week's issue Mr. Watson called attention to a
wild double-flowered Oxalis that he had brought
from South Africa, and states that hitherto the only
other known double-flowered species of Oxalis is O.
ccrnua. In this he is mistaken, as he has evidently
overlooked my note upon a wild, double-flowered form
of Oxalis semiloba, from Natal, in the Gardeners'
Chronicle Sot 1883, vol.xix., p. 48, entitled, " A Wild
Double Oxalis." If that plant were introduced I
think it would prove of greater horticultural value
than the double form of 0. imbricata, figured last
week, as the peduncle is several-flowered in O. semi-
loba, wliilst in 0. imbricata it is but one-flowered.
The double form of 0. cernua is exceedingly pretty,
but I have only seen it once, several years ago, in
the collection of Mr. Wilson Saunders, with whom
the species of Oxalis were favourites. X E. Brown.
Herbaria,,!, Kcic.

CANKER IN APPLE TREES. — One of the oddest
remedies for canker in certain kinds of Apple trees
is to graft on to a leading branch in each tree a scion
of the old Cock]iit— a variety still largely grown in
Middlesex, although very little heard of. This
practice is adopted with such kinds as Lord Suffield
and Early Julien, both very early fruiting and pro-
lific kinds, neither robust growers, and yet subject to
canker. The experimentalist in this case is one of
our leading market growers, who declares the result
to be very successful in preventing canker, by carry-
ing off' all superfluous sap. The graft kind is easily
kept in check by pruning, should it develope too
robust a tendency. We have in this case another
evidence of the diverse opinions which exist as to
the cause of canker ; and what with fungoid attacks,
unripe wood, sour soils, tap-roots, intense frosts,
crude sap, and excessive sap production, there are
bewildering beliefs, all of which are, doubtless, more
or less correct. Whilst canker is ever with us more
or less, it certainly displays itself in its worst forms
after cold wet summers, when followed by severe
frosts. But that canker products may be a diverse
form from that which seems with many sorts of
Apples to be constitutional, although the result is
the same. Then we often see stout hard wood of
several years' production ulcerated .and broken, as
though harmed by some iron instrument that must be
the result of undue accumul.ation of sap in particular
spots, especially just about the base of a smaller
branch, which, frozen in the winter, bursts the sap-
vessels, and causes disintegration. Possibly other
forms of canker have similar origin, but promoted
in a diverse way. A. D,

VINES AND COLD.— In answer to your lor-
respondent I would say that some ye.ars ago I had
the stem of a 'Vine frozen early in March, just as
the Gr.apes were making their first swelling. All
the foliage flagged, but by shading and syringing I
managed to revive the greater portion of it, after-
wards filling up bare spaces with laterals. Some of
the Grapes left on for experiment ripened, but never
swelled more after the stem was frozen. The next
season the 'Vine bore, and went on as though no
misfortune had befallen it the previous season.
Horlnt.

Several instances have come under my

notice, but not with 'Vines so young as those men-
tioned by " W. R. B." In two instances the Vines
were from six to eight years old ; severe frost had
been allowed to get into the house, and the foliage
drooped and never revived. The crop next year
was not so good as usual. In another instance,
but with a very old Viue, the thermometer sank
below zero ; the foliage also drooped, and never
looked up again, but withered away. The Vine broke
the following year very weakly, and the crop was poor
—it gave in altogether the next year. This Vine,
which was certainly not under seventy years of age,
must have withstood the cold at zero several times ;
why should it hiive given in or have been aff"ected by
zero the last time ? This occurred in the early part
of the winter of 1877 or 1878, I cannot remember
which ; the localitv was Soutli Northumberland — the
Vine was a Black Hamburgh, and was in a late
house. The reason, I think, was this— the severe

frost came early, before the wood was pro])erly
ripened ; the Vine was later than usual in ripening,
but there was no neglect in any respect. I do not
think " W. R. B.'s " "Vines will break as strongly as
they would have done, but I think they will ultimately
recover. J. H. S. II.

Your correspondent " W. R. B.," p. 698. is

right in the conclusions he has arrived at respecting
the cause of two out of his five "Vines losing their
leaves prematurely. Had he shaded the Vines
from sunshine for a few days after he discovered
the leaves flagging, in addition to syringing the
"Vines lightly overhead once or twice a day for a
few days, they would have retained their leaves
until their functions were completed. Owing to
the Vines in question having lost their leaves be-
fore the proper time, the growth will not be strong
or very earlv next spring. I would advise
your correspondent next spring to put haybands
round that portion of the stems which is exposed
outside the house before the sap rises in the 'Vines,
otherwise the evil complained of may be repeated in
a worse degree after the Vines have pushed into leaf.
It would be interesting to know if the stems of
three Vines in the same house, which do not appear
to have sustained any injury were similarly exposed
to external conditions. H. W. 11*.

VASES OF CH.'SYSANTHEMUMS AT EXHIBITIONS.
— Here is a feature worthy of a pl.ace in all schedules
of prizes for Chrysanthemum shows. At the recent
large exhibition at Reading there were two classes
for vases for cut flowers, one for a large hall vase,
with Fern or any other foliage, the rase not to ex-
ceed 9 inches in diameter .at the mouth ; these were
generally of a bold and striking character when
filled, .as most of them were, with fine blooms of Chry-
santhemums of various types, relieved by foliage. It
was noticeable that the incurved varieties had a very
imposing appearance when cut with long stems and
foliage and tastefully arranged. There were a goodly
number of them; and it is a novel feature that may
be commended to the notice of the National Chry-
santhemum Society. The other class was for a vase
for a table, the mouth not to exceed 5 inches in dia-
meter; .and in this case also some charmingly
arranged exhibits were staged ; though from their
smaller size they did not present such an imposing
appearance as did the larger ones. For these, the
small-flowered pompon and Anemone Chrysanthe-
mums can be employed, a little foliage being dis-
tributed among the blossoms. B. D.

Forestry.

CoNiFEns FOB Wet Soil. — The question is often
asked, " What coniferous trees do best in wet
soil ? " and in replying to this we may say that,
having but little faith in the success of trees planted
in wet soil without any previous preparation, we can
only recommend the following as being to a greater
or less extent ad.apted for planting in situations
where stagnant moisture does not exist, although a
damp state of the soil may constantly prevail. First
on the list we feel inclined to place the deciduous
Cyyress (Taxodiura distichum), which in favoured
low-lying localities will thrive well enough, even
where a wet state of the soil is constantly main-
tained. It is, in truth, a swarap-Ioving tree, and one
that has been found perfectly well suited for planting
in almost any part of the British Isles, although it
succeeds best and attains to largest dimensions in
low-lying and sheltered situations.

Abies canadensis, the Hemlock S])ruce, likewise
thrives in a fairly satisfactory way when jdanted in
soils that are surcharged with moisture, and being a
tree of great beauty and free growth, should be planted
more largely than it is at present. In damp peat bog
we have found both this and the following tree to do
well and wear as rich a garb and thrive quite as
luxuriantly as others planted in drier situations, and
in what might be considered better soil. Picea
Menziesi delights in a cool, rich, and moist soil, and
for this latter reason is peculiarly well adapted for
planting where excessive moisture is present in the
gi'ound.

Other species of Picea that do well in such a place
are P. nigra, the Black American Spruce, an admir-
able subject for using where dampness prevails to
anv great extent in the gi-ound ; in fact next to the
deciduous this may be put down as the most valuable
tree for the purpose with which we are acquainted.

Cupressns Lawsoniana is also a good tree for

Decejieek 10, 1887.]

THE GARDENEHS' CHRONICLE.

•27

planting- in damp ground, although it will not succeed
at all satislactoril/ where stagnant moisture is pre-
sent, which may also be said of Abies 33ouglasii,
Thuia gigantea, ami Taxodium sempervirens. A. D.
Wehstcr.

[PinusStrobus, Thuia pUcata, Juuiperus virginiaua
will grow fast, but should be planted in groups of
many trees together, single trees being easily over-
blown on such soils. Ed.]

Societies.

EOYAL HOKTIOULTITRAL.

The Council of tlie Koyal Ilorticiiltmal Society
request tlie horticulturists of tlie United Kingdom
to le.ad and consider the following st.ateraent and
appeal : — ■

1. The grounds at Suutli Kensington, known as
the gardens of the Koyal Horticultural Society,
having been devoted to the Imperial Institute, the
Council endeavoured, in obedience to the wishes so
graciously expressed by Her Majesty the Queen, the
Patron of the Society, to obtain from the Eoyal
Commissioners of the 1851 Exhibition such a site
as would justify them in advising the ITellows to
remain at South Kensington.

2. The lloyal Commissioners were, howevei',
unable to olfer any adequate site, and gave tlie
Council distinctly to understand that the erection of
offices, committee-rooms, &c., on their land would
not be held to confer any claim whatever, either
legal or moral, to the use of the conservatory and
gardens for the purposes of the Society. Tlie
negotiations consequently came to an end. An
informal oifer has since been made by the Royal
Commissioners to let a portion of the gardens and
the conservatory to the Society at a guaranteed rent
of £1000 a-year, which, with rates, taxes and main-
tenance, would involve an expenditure of £2000
a-year at least — a sum far beyond the resources of
the Society.

3. The Society has been in existence for eighty-
three years, having been founded in 1804, and incor-
porated by Koyal Charter in 1809. It has done
much to advance the interests of practical and
scientific horticulture, and it is the recognised
authority on all horticultural questions. In addition
to the valuable work of the Scientific Committee,
presided over by Sir J. D. Hooker, K.C.S.I.. C.B.,
F.K.S., new and rare plants, fruits, and vegetables,
collected abroad or raised at home, have been con-
tinually submitted, in large and increasing numbers,
to the judgment of the Fruit and Floral Committees,
whose verdicts are accepted witliout question. The
Society has also continuously carried on valuable
trials of plants, fruits, and vegetables at Chiswick.
It has published during the last three years the
following, viz. ; —

■■ Report of the National Apple Congress, held at
Chiswick, October, 1883."

" Report of the Orchid Conference, held fat South
Kensington, May, 1885."

" Report of the National Pear Conference, held at
Chiswick, October, 1885."

" Report of the Primula Conference, held at South
Kensington, April, 188(3, and of the Orchid Con-
ference, held at Liverpool, June 30, 1886."

" Report on the Efi'ects of Frost on Vegetation
during the Severe Winters, 1879-80, 1880-81— pub-
lished in 1887."

4. The Council are of opinion that the connection
of the Society with South Kensington, however pro-
mising at first, has proved adverse to its true interests
and permanent welfare. They recognise that altered
circumstances require a complete reorganisation of
the Society on a more popular basis. They believe
that, while local horticultural societies attract local
support, a central metropolitan society (to which
local societies may be affiliated) is, in "the interests
of horticulture, indispensable. Under analogous
circumstances the Koyal Agricultural Society pros-
pers, although there are local societies in every
county of the kingdom.

5. The Council do not believe that the Society can
be carried on any longer under the trammels of the
existing charter, which was granted in 1860 in view
of a wholly different state of things; nor do they
think a charter will be requisite for its future work-
ing. They believe that the numbers of the Council
should be considerably increased, and their mode of
election modified and made popular, and that the
ordinary work of the Society should be carried on by

committees, under powers delegated to them by the
Council. They hold that the Society should hence-
forth devote itself strictly to the advancement of
practical and scientific horticulture.

6. The view of the Council is that the expenditure
of the Society should be reduced as much as possible,
and its resources devoted to the following objects : —

(1) The maintenance of the Chiswick Gardens, and
the conduct of plant, fruit, and vegetable trials
there ; and possibly the establishment of a School of
Gardening.

(2) The immediate engagement of such premises
i.i a convenient and central situation as may suffice
fur office requirements, the safe housing of the
I-.indley Library, the meetings of the Society's com-
mittees and its fortnightly shows, to the maintenance
of which they attach great importance.

(3) The publication of periodical reports of the
work done at Chiswick, and by the Society's com-
mittees, and on horticultural subjects generally.

7. For many years the nature of the accommo-
dation whicli the Society has been able to obtain at
South Kensington has virtually prevented meetings
being held for discussion by the Fellows of points of
interest in the practice of horticulture. It is essential
that these meetings should be resumed, and it is
believed that they will be of great value in bringing
together those who take an active part in British
horticulture. It is also hoped that such meetings
would give an opportunity for the consideration of
the numerous directions in which the rural economy
of the country seems likely to be modified by the
substitution of horticultural for agricultural methods.

8. The Council would recommend that the sub-
scription should be in future £2 2s. for Fellows, and
that a grade of member or associate, at £1 Is., should
be created for professional and practical gardeners,
who have rarely hitherto belonged to the Society.
They calculate that the maintenance of Chiswick
will cost £1500 a year, and th.at for other purposes of
the Society a further sum of not less than £1500
a year will be required. During 1887 150 Fellows
have paid £4 4s., and 623 Fellows £2 2s., making a
total of £1938 ^s., a sum altogether insufficient for
the working and requirements of the Society.

0. lu conclusion, the Council believe that the
extinction of the Koyal Horticultural Society would
be regarded by all interested in horticulture as a
national loss. The history of the Society, and the
good work it has done, and is doing, entitle it to the
consideration and support of the horticultural world,
to whom the Council make this appeal. They address
it with equal confidence to amateurs and to the trade,
in the belief that their interests are identical, and
that for the protection and advancement of these
interests the maintenance of the Royal Horticultural
Society is essential. The Council have had difficult
duties to perform. While they are willing to continue
to discharge these duties, if desired, they believe that
the best course would be for them to place their
resignations in the hands of the Fellows at the end
of the year, so as to leave the Society entirely un-
fettered. But they consider it due both to the
Fellows and to themselves to say tliat, unless they
receive assurances of adequate support in response to
this appeal, the Society must necessarily come to an
end.

10. The favour of an early answer is requested on
the enclosed foi-m. Tlie donations would be devoted
to the cost of establishing the Society in its new
home, and to similar purposes.

MANCHESTER HOBTICULTtrRAL
IMPROVEMENT.

The fortnightly meeting of the above Society was
held on Thursday, December 1, at the ^Memorial
Hall, Albert Square. The room was crowded with
members.

The President, Mr. Bruce Findlay, who was in
the chair, said Mr. Robert Tait, jun., was to read a
paper that evening on " Flower Seeds and their
Culture." Before he did so he (Mr. Findlay) would like
to say a few words about seeds in general, and also
about seedsmen. The hatter should be like Cresar's
wife, above suspicion. For unless they supplied a
genuine article it must lead to failure in our crops
which would undoubtedly be a great calamity. Some
few years ago seed adulteration was carried to such an
extent that a number of gentlemen in the seed trade
got the Government of the day to introduce a bill into
Parliament, and it was passed into law. It was
called the Seed Adulteration Act. He was not ac-
quainted with the clauses contained in th« Act, but if

they were not stringent they ought to be. A trades-
man dealing honestly need not care how stringent
the law was. It would only be put in force to detect
those who were deceiving their customers. In many
kinds of seeds it was most difficult to detect bad ones,
and both good and bad had to grow together till
harvest time. He knew of nothing more provoking
than to be disappointed with the result of one's seed
growing. From the time the seed was deposited in the
soil till it yielded its flower or fruit, it was a period
of expectation and hope deferred. The uncertainty in
the quality of seeds might be owing in part to their
having been produced in part in a bad climate, the
husks alone being formed without the jiresence of a
living germ within. Another cause was the destruc-
tion of the vital principle in consequence of the seeds
having been stored before they were dried, the inevit-
able effect of which was the loss or fatal weakening of
germinating power. In some instances an eager gar-
dener gathei's them before they are ripe, as was
much the case with those seeds which were not
seeds at all, but seed vessels. These might be fair
to the eye although empty within. These causes, to
sav nothing of others, were more or less in continual
operation, and seedsmen themselves could by no
means always guard themselves against being de-
ceived by appearances. But it was evident that
unless seeds were uniformly alike in quality there
could be no certain rule by which to determine the
quantity to be sown. It might be alleged that those
who sold seeds were interested in leading their cus-
tomers to purchase as much as possible. Supposing
it to be so, and making every degree of allowance
for that feeling, it still remained evident that the
quantity of seed required for a given space could not
be determined by fixed rules, but that so many
adverse influences were in action as to render minute
calculations worthless, and compel submission to a
large amount of waste. In order to judge what was
the real germinating power of a sample of seed it
was the practice among the principal seedsmen to
have " trial books," in which they record the per-
centage of seed that grows under the following cir-
cumstances. A hundred seeds are sown in a garden
pot filled with fine light soil. The pot is placed in
a gentle hotbed, and as soon as the young plants had
fully appeared they are counted. If the seed was
wholly good the return was a hundred, if good only
in part it may be any lower number — say fifty. In
that case, as only half grows, it would require two
pounds to do the work of one. This was a very old
practice, aud seemed at first sight to be unexcep-
tionable. Nevertheless, it was far from being so
good as it looked. It was well known that in earth
constantly damp and warm, seeds having very
feeble vital power would grow satisfactorily, and
soon gain vigour from the surrounding atmo-
sphere, but in cold soil they lie and perish.
Now all our hardy seeds were committed to the
ground at that time of the year when even at
raid-day its temperature is not above 45*^, and when
at night the thermometer may even fall to 30°,
Under such conditions, which were wholly unlike
those of the " trial pots," the same result could not
be expected. All know how loud and ceaseless are
the cries of gardeners as well as amateurs, that the
seeds they purchase would not grow. It never
seemed to occur to the complainants that they them-
selves were executioners and the seeds their victims.
Seeds of a plant inhabiting a dry country with little
winter's cold, and a genial early steady spring, are
sown here in the open border in March or April. There
they lie in most uncongenial soil, exposed to wet and
cold. But the force of life is strong within them.
Nature would have its way. Germination begins
some bright sunny day, after which comes an ice-
cold dew at night, and the young embr}'0 is rendered
torpid. Nevertheless, weakened as it is, the suc-
ceeding day sees a renewed effort at growth, followed
by renewed torpidity. The same alternation of
paralysis and revival goes on for a little while, till at
last the ]>owers of Nature are exhausted, and the
seed expires. Now these early efforts are out of
sight ; no eye watches the struggle, and the seeds
die while buried, and the seedsman is abused. De-
pend upon it, in eight cases out of ten the fault lies
with the person sowing the seeds. If they were
sown when the weather was warm, and were covered
at night for a week or two with a screen, or with a
thin coating of straw such as the market gardeners
raise their spring Radishes under, very little dis-
appointment will take place.

Mr. Tait then read his paper. He said his inten-
tion was not so much to say which were the best
methods of raising plants for seed as to give the
members of the Society an account of the way in

728

THE GABDE NEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Decejibeh 10, 1887.

which the work was managed on the principal flower
farms in German)', where he had spent three months
in one of the busiest centres. The cultivation of
flower-seeds was most successfully followed in many
l)arts of Northern Germany. The two principal
centres were Quedlinburg and Erfurt, and it was of
the first of these that he should speak, having spent
eleven out of twelve weeks of his stay in that town.
(.Quedlinburg was a small town about lUO miles south-
east of Hanover, and had a population of about
18,000. Of this number the gardeners and others
employed by tlie various seedsmen constituted a con-
siderable proportion. There were, he believed, about
eight large firms in the neighbourhood, besides
several minor ones. The firm he was with trade
under the title of Jlessrs. Dippe Brothers, and was
the largest in the place, if not in the whole of Ger-
many. The piles of buildings used as warehouses
and offices belonging to the firms were astonish-
ing; they constantly employed about 1000 work-
people, aud upon special occasions this number was
greatly exceeded. There were also some 160 horses,
and ninety oxen. The land owned by the firm con-
sisted of about 4000 English acres, of which nearly
300 were devoted to flower-seeds. The remainder
was used for vegetables, cereals, and sugar Beet.
Immense tracts of land were used for a single variety
of flowers, and no one who had not seen it could
imagine the sight presented by a field of 20 acres
of Asters in full bloom. It presented the appear-
ance of a gigantic carpet such as, however, could not
be made by human hands. Mr. Tait then went on
to speak of the principal seed plants on the farm,
and gave the meeting a brief description of each.
He said that hardy and half-hardy annuals were cul-
tivated on the farm in beds of various sizes, ranging
from 5 to 20 yards square. Many hundreds of
varieties were to be seen, and as all annuals were
improved by being grown in masses they form a very
interesting sight. Messrs. Dippe believed in giving
the plants plenty of room in which to develope, which
was undoubtedly the correct method, for where
plants were grown close together and so crowded
that the air could not get among them, the flowers
deteriorate.

The President, Messrs. W. B. Upjohn, Honorary
Secretary, Robinson, Lunt, and Griffiths Hughes, took
part in the discussion that followed.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL ASSO-
CIATION.

NovEMUEit 2'.J. — The eighth autumu exhibition of
this Association was held in St. George's Hall. The
first day proved very unfavourable, rain falling nearly
the whole of the day, and therefore the hall was too
dark for a proper comparison of the blooms. The cut
blooms proved the most creditable section. Chrysan-
themums in pots were more numerous than at any
previous show of the Society, the plants being well
flowered. Fruit was shown in plenty and of good
quality. The Orchids showed a slight falling oft' on
previous years, as did also the stove and greenhouse
plants.

Cut Flower/. — The competition in some of the
classes was extensive and keen. In the class for
those who have never before won a prize for cut
blooms at the Association's exhibition sixteen entries
were made For the silver-plated tea service pre-
sented by Mes.srs. J. Williams & Co., and money
oft'ered for forty-eight blooms, twenty-four in-
curved and twenty-four Japanese, Mr. A. K.
Cox, gi-. to W. H.' Watts, Esq.. Wavertree, was
the successfnl exhibitor. The finest specimens
were Golden Empress, Empress of India, Queen
of England, Lord Alcester, Lady Hardinge, John
Salter, Barbara, Boule d'Or, Belle Paule, Mdlle.
Lacroix, Japonais,Jeanne Delaux. Mr. J. Jellicoe
gr. to F. H. Gossage, Esq., Camp Hill, Woolton, was
a good 2nd, his Japanese being better than those
shown in the 1st prize lot ; his best were Lord Alcester,
Princess of Wales, Japonais, and Jeanne d'Arc.

The Veitch Memorial Medal and £.3 went to Mr.
W. Mease, Wyncote, Allerton, for a grand lot. which
included Gloriosum. .leanne Delaux, Boule d'Or
(this was awarded the prize for the premier Japanese
bloom in the show;, Bronze Queen, Golden Emjiress,
and Jardin des Plantes.

For twenty-four incurved Mr. G. Eaton, gr. to
W. H. Shilev. Allerton, was the victor amongst five
exhibitors ; Mr. D. Forbes, gr. to A. Holt, Esq., 2nd.

For eighteen, Mr. J. J. Jellico was 1st, with fine
blooms.

For twenty-four Japanese, Mr. G. Eaton was
again successful ; Mr. J. .Tellico being 2nd.

Mr. C. Osborne, gr. to H. J. Kobinson, 'VVooUon,
scored 1st for six Anemones ; and Mr. W. Wilson
was successful in the reflexed class.

For twelve pompons, in six varieties, Mr. A.
Collins, gr. to S. Smith, Esq., M.P., staged those of
the greatest merit.

Chri/santheiiuiMS in pots. — For four large flowering
varieties .Mr. J. Hanson, gr. to Mrs. Bateson, Allerton,
st.agcd plants of superior merit, having Mrs, Dixon,
Lady Hardinge, John Salter, and Mrs. G. Kundle ;
Mr.'j. Hughes, gr. to J. Maclver, Esq., Allerton,
was a good 2nd.

For one large flowering, Mr. T. .Tones was l»t.

For four pompons Mr. J. Hai'rison had again the
best ; Mr. J. Bustard, gr. to J. Lewis, Esq., Aigburth,
having the 2nd.

Groups. — For a group of Chrysanthemums arranged
for eft'ect, to occupy a space of 60 square i'eet, Mr.
W. Bustard was 1st, but was hardly up to the usual
standard ; Mr. P. Barber followed.

Plants. — Six stove and greenhouse, not less than
Ihi-ee to be in flower, were best from Mr. A. 15. Cox,
showing Ixora coccinea. Azalea amcena. Calamus
cilicaris, Phccnocoma prolifera Barnesi, and Croton
Queen Victoria; Mr. A. Crosbie. gr. to Bernard
Hall, Esq., Wavertree, was 2nd. For four, not less
than two to be in flower, Mr. Crosbie turned the
tables on Jlr. A. K. Cox, who, however, led for four
stove and greenhouse Ferns, distinct. For three
Palms or Cycads, Messrs. A. Crosbie and T. Jones
were placed in the order named.

For three distinct Orchids, Mr. Tunnington was
the only competitor, and showed well. For the
single plant of great rarity, Mr. A. Smith was 1st,
with a splendid variety of Vanda Sanderiana ; and
Jlessrs. A. R. Cox and T. Gowers were equal 2nd,
the former staging Cattleya Sanderiana, a fine
coloured variety ; the latter having a grand
variety of Odontoglossum gi'ande, carrying seven
flowers.

Fruit, as stated, was in great form, some hundreds
of dishes of Apples being staged. Over a hundred
bunches of Grapes entered into competition. For
foixr bunches, dissimilar, six competed, Mr. G. U.
Goodacre, gi*. to the Earl of Harrington, being 1st,
with Gros Colmar, Lady Downe's, JIuscat of iVlex-
andria, and ilrs. Pearson ; Mr. J. Hollingsworth was
2nd. For two bunches of black, Muscat flavour,
Jlr. J. Richards, Rock Ferry, was 1st, for two
bunches of Alicante. Mr. Doivnham staged the
finest for two black of any other variety. Mr. J.
Hollingsworth led the way with Lady Downe's for two
whites of Muscat flavour. Mr. D. Lindsay, gr. to
Sir T. Edwards Moss, Otterspool, was 1st, with
Muscat of Alexandria. For two white, not Muscat
flavour, eight lots were staged, Mr. Goodacre being
1st. with Golden Queen.

For twelve dishes of fruit, distinct, ilr. G. H.
Goodacre was 1st, with a good lot. including Gros
Colmar Grapes, Melon Hero of Lockinge, and a
splendid Pine; Mr.' Bennett, gr. to the Hon. C. H.
Wynne, Nortli Wales, was 2nd. For six, distinct.
Pines excluded, Mr. G. H. Goodacre was .again 1st ;
Mr. J. Bounds, gr. to A. L. Jones, Esq., Aigburth,
2nd. Mr. (i. Gibbou had the best two Pines, and
Jlr. J. Bennett 2d. For the single Mr, J. Bennett
was 1st.

For eight distinct dishes, Pears, Mr. G. H. Good-
acre had a grand lot ; Mr. W. Meare a good 2nd.
For four varieties (local), Mr. R. Foster had the
finest, likewise for the single, staging Marie Louise.

Twenty-four dishes of dessert Apples, distinct, were
best from Mr. J. Davis, gr. to the Rev. H. Arkwright,
Leominster. Mr. Hannagan had the best three (local).
For eight di-shes culinary Apples, Mr. J. Davis was
1st ; and for four dishes (local), Mr. R. Pinnington
occupied a similar place, eight lots being staged ; for
the single twenty-four entries, Mr. E. H. Harrison
had the premier dish.

Miscfllamous. — A goodly number of exhibits were
staged, not for competition. Messrs. R. P. Ker &
Son showed a very fine collection of Cyclamens, bear-
ing large fiowers of good substance. Mr. John
Watkins, Witherton, Hereford, showed a collection
of 170 dishes of well coloured Apples ; Jlessrs. F.
& A. Dickson & Sons, Chester, staged a similar
exhibit ; and the Liverpool Horticultural Com-
pany (.John Cowan) showed a collection of stove
and greenhouse plants. Orchids, bouquets, wreaths,
&c., of great merit. Pernettya mucronata in
berry was largely staged by Messrs. W. Cutbush &
Son, London ; "and Jlrs. Southam and Jlrs. Vestey
both showed skeleton leaves, dried flowers, &c., of
great excellence, A splendid selection of Cabbaging
Kale was shown as grown by Jlr. J. Jellico ; the
plants were sturdy and curleil.

SMITHFIELD CLUB SHOW.

TnE exhibition was held during the past week in
the Agricultural Hall, Islington. Fine cattle, sheep,
and pigs were well represented, but for particulars of
these classes reference must be made to the columns
of other journals. The leading seed firms once again
contributed extensive and interesting exhibits,
although roots are generally small this year, Mangels
being the best crop.

Jlessrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden, showed a
number of good Potatos and cereals ; these latter
were also sent from Jlessrs. .J. Dickson & Sons,
Chester, who had also samples of quicks and small
Conifers. Messrs. Harrison & Sons, Leicester ;
Jlessrs. A. Hall & Sons, Westbury, Wilts; Jlr. J. K.
King, Coggeshall, Essex ; Jlessrs. Webb & Sons,
Wordesley, Stourbridge; and the Agricultural and
Horticultural Association, each contributed credit-
able stands of roots, &c.

Jlessrs. J. Carter & Co., High Holborn, London,
sent a collection of good roots and specimens of
their Wheats ; they also showed samples of English
grown Tobacco. Potatos sent by this firm were also
noticeable.

A large exhibit was that of Jlessrs. Sutton & Sons,
Reading, whose roots were specially fine samples.
Farmers and others noticed with interest the
samples of JIaize and Sorghum and the Japanese
Wheat, which are recommended as forage crops, and
which are rapid growers, the latter being ready for
cutting in about six weeks from the time of sowing.
Flax in different conditions was also shown, and
English Tobacco likewise.

Ensilage, which is still advancing in favour, was
well represented by the Ensilage Society's exhibit.

Messrs. Raynbird, Caldecot, Bawtree, Dowling &
Co., Basingstoke, showed good roots, various hays,
seeds, &c.

Trade Notices,

AMERICAN FLORAL AND HORTICLTi-
TURAL COJIPANT.

W. .1. Ieoxs & Co., trading under the above title,
have taken the premises, 43, Islington, Liverpool,
from the Liverpool Corporation, for the purpose of
carrying on the business of salesmen, by auction, of
nursery stock, and the holding of periodical sales
of trees, plants, shrubs, roots, bulbs, seeds, &c., home
grown or collected by their agents on the Continent,
in America, South Africa, India, New Zealand, and
Australia.

JIessus. Shanks & Sox.

Messrs. Alexander Shanks & Son, engineers and
lawn mower manufacturers, of Dens Ironworks,
Arbroath, N.B., have changed their London office
address from 27, Leadenhall Street, to 110, Cannon
Street, E.C. Their warehouse and show-room will
be at 44, Tenter Street East, Goodman's Fields, E.

Lord Hawke. — We regret to learn tliat Lord
Hawke died suddenly at the Midland Hotel, St.
Pancras, last Jlonday. Lord Hawke will be remem-
bered by florists .as an ardent lover of Hollyhocks and
Carnations when he was the Rev. Edward Hawke,
Rector of Willingham, in Lincolnshire. Several
years ago his lordship was a frequent visitor to the
Royal Horticultural Society's shows, and an occa-
sional contributor to our columns.

The Weather.

MEAN TEMPERATITKE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
rsa, THE WEEK ENDING DEC. 17. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Dec. 11 ...

... W.8

Dec. l.>

. 40"'..'i

„ IL' ...

. ... 40».7

,. II!

. 40°. 4

„ 13 ...

... 4ii'>.7

,. 17

.. 40°.2

„ H ...

... .1C]°.6

Mean for the week

. 40°.6

Dkcembek 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' CHBONICLE.

729

[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifyiog 1* continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatube.

Above or

ACCDMtTLATED.

|d \tn

below the

,,

,,

t*^ w'-s

Mean tor

.2ji

.2 ji

^||!^-s|

the week

•^i

^ 5J

ending

.'.is

¥

if if

<ii bI

Pr

ncipal Wheat-pro-

Day-

Day-

Day- Day-

ducing Districts.

deg.

deg.

deg. deg.

0

SCOTLAMD, N. ...

2 above

11

24

+ 42- 78

1

SOOTLXKD, E. ...

4 above

14

27

+ 71+ 82

2

England, N.E. ...

3 above

11

21

— 84 -H 116

3

England, E. ...

3 above

10

25

— 157-1- 248

4

Midland C09. ...

2 above

14

28

— 124! -1- 250

i

England, S. ...

2 above

23

9

— 205

-1- 203

Principal Grazing, &c..

Districts.

6.

Scotland, W. ...

3 above

24

11

— 82-1- 93

7.

Esgland.N.W....

1 above

19

10

— 94-1- 145

8.

England, S.W. ...

1 above

26

9

— 262-1- 232

9.

IBELANS, N.

2 above

24

10

-f 106-1- 34

10

Ireland, S.

1 above

26

10

+ 100 -1- 143

-

Channel Islands

0 (aver.)

30

0

— 129-1- 82

Rainfall

Bright

Sunshine.

DiflTBIOTS.

1 S .

1-

1^
-2

(2

s.gS
■sec-

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. SCOTLI-ND, N, ...

1 less

217

30.5

7

23

1. Scotland. E. ...

4 less

163

22.7

9

32

2. ENQLUfD, N.E. ...

3 less

153

18.3

23

32

3. Enqlahd, E. ...

4 less

146

17.7

25

40

4. Midland Cos. ...

4 less

131

17.7

27

36

5. Enqlakd, S. ...

5 less

133

19.6

22

39

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

4 less

165

34.5

9

35

7. England.N.W....

3 less

144

22.0

14

35

8. England. S.W....

7 less

141

24.5

31

45

9. Ibeland, N.

1 less

168

29.2

6

32

10. Ireland, S.

1 less

143

25.3

15

40

— Channel Islands

5 less

159

22.3

28

49

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summaiy record of the weather for
the week ending Dec. 5, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

"The weather has been somewhat finer than that
experienced of late over the greater part of England,
but in Ireland and Scotland the conditions have
continued very unsettled, and the sky generally
overcast.

" The temperature has been above the mean in all
districts excepting the ' Channel .Islands,' the excess
ranging from 1*^ over the western parts of England,
and in the south of Ireland, to 3° in ' Scotland, W.,'
and 4° in ' Scotland, E.' The highest of the
maxima, which were registered on rather irregular
dates, varied from 62° in ' England, S.,' and ' Ire-
land, N.,' to 55° in ' Scotland, E.,' the ' Midland
Counties,' and 'Ireland, S.' The lowest of the
minima were generally recorded either on Novem-
ber 29 or December 5, when the thermometer fell to
21° in ' Scotland, N.,' to between 23° and 29° in
most other parts of the kingdom, and to 34° in the
Channel Islands.

" The rainfall has been less than the mean in all
districts.

" Bright sunshine shows an increase in most of tlie
English districts, but a decrease elsewhere. The
percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged
from 7 to 9 in Scotland, from 6 to 15 in Ireland, and
from 14 to 31 in England. "

Enquiries.

" He that questioneth much shall learn much." — Baoon.

Painted Pots. — A correspondent asks where the
small vermilion-coloured pots in which dwarf Cacti,
&c., are grown, can be obtained. Those who have
such things for sale should advertise them.

Notices to Correspondents.

Books : Some Novices. How to Lay Out a Garden^
by Edward Kemp (London ; Bradbury & Co.,
Bonverie Street). You will also find good plans,
&c., in Guide Pratigue du Jardinier-paysagiste
(Paris: J. Kothschild, 43, Rue St. Andr6-des-
arts).

Dbied Specimens : C. H. If " C. H." will write to
J. J. Willis, High Street, Harpenden, he will pro-
bably obtain what he is in search of.

E.\nLiEST KiDXEY PoTATos : Market Gardener.
Rivers' Royal Ashleaf; Queen of the South, re-
sembling Magnum Bonum ; Early Rose ; King
Oflfa, a great improvement on Myatt's Ashleaf;
Fidler's Prolific, a fine white variety ; and Dr.
Bob, white, very early, resists the disease well.

Mealy-bog on Vines and Buown Scale on Peaches :
X. Petroleum emulsion rubbed into the Vines
will destroy mealy-bug — not at once, where there
are many, but if the remedy be persevered with.
Thorough lime-washing of the walls and painting
the woodwork of the houses must be done. The
whole of the soil to a depth of 4 inches should be
taken away and replaced with new. Keep a sharp
look-out during the summer, and destroy every
one seen. Gishurst Compound, at the rate of
4 oz. to tiie gallon of water, forms an excellent
paint when mixed with clay, soot, and cow-dung-,
wherewith to dress Peach trees before starting
them. See also Gardeners' Chronicle for last week,
p. 692.

MoRELLO : Leirion. In the earliest records of this
useful Cherry the name is written Milan. Leroy,
however, says the word comes from the Latin,
Morum — Mulberry, the colour and the acidity
being like that of the Mulberry.

Names of Fhdits : J. Gcddes. l.Duchesse d'Angou-
Ume ; 2, Vicar of Winkfield ; 3, BeurrtS Ranee ;
4, Winter Nelis ; 5, Bergamotte d'Esperen ; 6,
Marie Louise. — J. Day. 1, Grange's Pearmain ; 3,
Golden Noble ; 4, Barchard's Seedling ; 5, Cat's-
head ; 2 and 6, not recognised. — S, H. M. H. 1,
Urbaniste ; 2, Forelle ; 3, Knight's Monarch ; 4,
decayed. — Cordon. 1, Beurr^ Sterkrnans ; 2, BeurriS
Diel ; 3, Suzette de Bavay ; 4, rotten ; 5, Winter
Crassane. — Joseph Willis. Apples: Scarlet Non-
pareil.— Hants. 1, Vicar of Winkfield ; 2, Comte
de Flandres ; 3, Glou Mor9eau. — E. Oilman.
Pear: Bellissime d'Hiver.— ff. W. C. 3, 19, Dume-
low's Seedling ; 10, Cox's Orange Pippin ; 7, Ribs-
ton Pippin ; 6, Warner's King; 4, Cellini ; 5, 11,
Cox's Pomona ; 15, Old Pearmain ; 14, Blenheim
Orange ; 20, Bedfordshire Foundling ; 2, Goff ;
others not recognised.

Names of Plants : J. K. 1, Cupressus macrocarpa ;
2, a species of Juniperus, probably occidentalis ; 3,
Thuia gigantea ; 4, T. borealis ; 5 and6, Cupreasus
Lawsoniana. — J. C. Iris foetidissima. — A. J. Z.
We do not undertake to name Chrysanthemums. —
F. J., Oakham. Adiantura ciliatum ; Serico-
graphis Giesbreghtii ; Diplazium zeylanicum ;
Davallia Mooreana. — H. G. W. 1, Doodia cau-
data ; 2, Cystopteris fragilis ; 3. Lastrea rigida ; 4,
Aspleniura marinum ; 5, Atliyrium Filix-foemina ;
6, Selaginella AVildenowi of gardens ; 7, Asple-
nium falcatum. — C. Wilson. Bidens angustissi-
mum probably. We should be glad to have a good
specimen. Ed.

Salvia adrea : P. H.4' Co. The seeds of the plant
in question are quoted in the list of W, Thomp-
son, 34 and 36, Tavern Street, Ipswich.

TiABELLA cordifolia: G. H. M. Try Ware, of
Hale Farm, Tottenham ; or Messrs. Paul, of Brox-
bourne.

Tomatos, to Ghow dndeb Glass : Market Gardener.
Sutton's Perfection, Gilbert's Surprise, and Orange-
field.

Tdlip Tbee by a Ritee-side: Old Subscriber. If
permitted by the authorities, protect the bank by
some kind of durable piling ; rough outsides slabs of
Elm or Oak would do. When this is done, fill in
with good soil made firm, and in this lay the
e.xposed roots of the tree.

^ iNES : T. J. With the Frontignan you purpose to
plant, you could also have Buckland Sweetwater,
Black Hamburgh, Foster's Seedling; but if you
place due value on flavour, plant as many of the
Frontignan class as you have room for.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Jabdin Alpin d'Acclimatation, Geneva, Switzer-
land— Seeds of Alpine Plants.

Charles Sharpe & Co., Sleaford — Specialties.

Thos. Chipps & Son, Tunbridge Wells, Kent—

Clabk Bbothehs & Co., 65, Scotch Street, Carlisle
— Forest and Ornamental Trees.

PoTz & Roes, Erfurt, Germany— Trade Seed List.

John Lainq & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E. —
Special Chrysantliemum List.

TEoLus Waterspeay General Ventilating Com-
pany, 124, High Holborn, London, W.C.— Ven-
tilators, &c.

CoMMUSICiTloxs Received:— G. W. D.— J. C. Westbrook.—

A. K.— J. F. C— I. R.— J. T. B.— J. D.— J. Linden.— W. C.

—J. P.— L. M.— S. C— G. H.— S. C. H.— E. C— Sir T.

Lawrence.— A. D. W.— Max Leichtlin (Baden-Baden).— R.

V. & S.-F. & P.— C. M. O.— W. G.— W. G. S.— Q. YL.~Live

Stock Journal.— \V. S.— C. W.— T. W. 6.— J. C— Jmtus C.

— R. M.— W. S.— D. J. y.— G. H.— W. H.— A. D. W.— J. L,

—J. M.— J. R. J.— T. D.— R. L.

gf° Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or
asking questions demanding time and research for their solution,
must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the
current week.

DIED, on December 3, at Roydon Hall, Diss,
Norfolk, Geokge Edward FEEREi F.R.S., in his
eighty-first year ; a very old correspondent of this
Journal.

IARKET8.

CO VENT GARDEN, December 8.

A SLIGHT improvement in trade this week. Large

consignments of Nova Scotia and Canadian Apples

to hand, good prices being realised, JdTnes Webber,

JlTiolesale Apple Market.

Fbxxit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Apples, J-gieve ... 13-36
Grupei, per lb. ... 10-30
— Channel Isl., lb. 10-16
Kent Cobs, 100lb....55 0- ...
Lemou9, per case ...12 0-31 0

Melons, each ... 0 6- a 0

Peara. ^sieve ... 2 6- 6 0

— French, dozen... 10-16
Pine-apples, Eag., lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. doz.,.. 6 0- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb.... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 4- ...
Celery, per bundle... 16-20
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6- 1 0
Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 1 0- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 S- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ...
POTATOS. — Kegenti, 505. to 120s. ; Magnum Bonums. 505. to

805.; Beauty of Hebrons, 100s. to 1105.; Victorias, 100s.

per ton.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Mushrooms, punnet 16-20
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ... 6 0- „.
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ...
Spinach, perbushel... 3 0- ...
Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ...
Turnips, per bunch... 0 S- ...

..30

Bouvardia, per dozen 9
Chrysanthemums,

per dozen ... ... 6

Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Draceena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Epiphyllum, doz. ... 9
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4

0-18 0
0-42 0
0-12 0

0-18 0
0-24 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0
0-24 0
0-18 0

, 2 0-10 0

s.d. s.d.

per dozen 6 0-24 0

Ficus elastica. each . 1 6- 7 0
Foliage plants.

Hyacinth (Roman),

per dozen 10 0-12 0

Marguerites, doz. ... 9 0-13 0
Myrtles, pec dozen... 6 0-12 0
Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ... 3 0-60
Primulasinensis.doz. 4 0-60
Solanum, per dozen . 9 0-12 0
Tulips (pots of), doz. 8 0-90

730

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeb 10, 1887.

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Azaleas, 12 sprays ...
Bouvardias, per bun.
Camellias. 12blms,„
Carnations, 12 blms.
Chrysanth., 12 bun.

— large, 12 blooms
Cyclamens, 12 lilms.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Hellebore, or Clu'ist-

mas. Rose. 12 blms.
Hyacia.. Rom., 12 sp.
Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette, 12 bun,
Poinsetttift, 12 blms.

.0-16
16-10
10-40

1 0-18 0
0-4 0

I b- 1 0

i 0- 8 0
0-9 0

16-10

19-20
6-10
0-6 0

J\arciss., paperwhite,

12 sprays 1 0- 1 ri

Pelargoniums, 12 spr, 0 9-16
— starlet, 12 spr.... 0 6-09

— single, 12 bun.... 4 0-60
Roses, Tea. per doz. 16-40

— coloured, dozen. 2 0- ...

— red, perdozen ... 2 0-3 0

— Safrano, dozen... 10-20
Stephauotis, 12 spr. 9 0-12 u
Tuberoses, 12 blms.... 0 9-16
A'iolets, 12bunche3... 10-16

— French, bunch... 16-20
-- Fr. Parme. bun. ;i 0- .■> 0

0- :i 0 White LiUi

... 6 0- 7

SEEDS.

LcwDON ; Beccmher 7. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report firm-
ness of values all I'ountl as the leading feature in the
trade for farm seeds ; but, as usual at this season, no
great bulk is changing hands. American cables
speak of hardening prices for red Clover. German
Alsike is somewhat lower. More money is asked for
English Trefoil. White Clover seed keeps firm.
Full prices are asked for Italian Eye-grass. Tlie
supply of Sanfoin continues small. There is no
quotable change in bird seeds. Blue Peas move ort'
slowly on former terms. For Haricot Beans there is
a moderate inquiry.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended December 3: — Wheat, 31s, 'id.; Barley,
29*. 3(/. ; Oats, \Qs, \d. For the corresponding week
in 1886 :— Wheat, 3i. Id. ; Barlev, 27s. Id. ; Oats,
17.'. If'. ■

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Columbia : Decendier 7. — Fairly good supplies of
all kinds ; demand steady. Potato trade dull ; large
supplies. Quotations : — Brussels Sprouts, 'Is. to ;is.
per half-sieve ; Savoys, 6s. to 12s. per tally ; Cauli-
flowers, Is. to 2s. per dozen ; Celery, 95. to Is. per
bundle ; Greens, 2s. to 4.s. per dozen bunches ; Car-
rots, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Beetroots, Is. Qd. to 't^l>. do. :
English Onions, 9s. to 10s. per cwt. ; foreign do.,
7s. 6ii. to 8s. Qd. per bag of 110 lb. ; Carrots, 30s. to
43s. per ton ; Turnips, 2s. to 3s. 6rf. per dozen
bunches. Fruit: Dessert Pears, 6s. (id. to 8s. Of/.
per bushel ; stewing do., 4s. to ."is. do. ; dessert
Apples, Zs. &d. to Qs. Qd.. do. ; cooking do., 'ds. IW. to
6s. do. ; Blenheim, .5s. ^d. to 7s. do.

Stiiatfohd ; Ueccmbcr 0. — Trade and supply have
been fair, and a brisk trade was done at the follow-
ing prices :— Cabbages, 4s. to 4s. Qid. per tally ;
Savoys, 10s. to 10s. fid. do. ; Greens, 4s. dd. to
5s. loose ; Cauliflowers, 5s. to 6s. 6d. per tally ;
Turnips, 2s. (id. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; do., 35?.
to 505. per ton ; Carrots, household, 45s. to 50s
do; Parsnips, 9rf. to Is. per score; Mangels, Uis. to
205. per ton; Swedes, 21s. to 25s. do.; Onions,
Dutch, 6s. to 7s. per bag ; do., German, 8s. Gd. to
9s. per case ; Watercress, Id. per dozen ; Apples,
King's, Os. per bushel ; do., Blenheim, 5s. to 7s. do. ;
Pears, 3s. to 65. do. ; Sprouts, 3s, to 3s. (Sd. do. ;
Celery, Is. to Is. '2d. per roll ; Spinach, Is. per bushel.

POTATOS.

BoHOUGH AND SpiTALFiELDS : December 6. — With
increased supplies and little if any improvement in
demand prices are weaker, except for quite top
qualitiss Quotations : — Hebrons, 80s. to 110s. ;
Kegents, 60s, to 105s, ; Magnum Bonums, 8O5, to
90s; Champions, BOs. to 75s. ; German Reds, 60s. to
70s. ; DutchKocks, 30s. per ton.

CoLCsmiA (East London) : December 7. — Quota-
tions ; — Magnums, 55s. to 70s. ; Regents, 60s. to
755. ; Victorias, 60s. to 70s. ; Beauty of Hebron,
100s. to 120s. ; Champions, 60s. to 70s., per ton.

Stratford ; December 7. — Quotations : — Scotch
Magnums, 75s. to 90s. ; light land do., 60s. to 90s. ;
Regents, 75s, to 90s. ; fenland Magnums, 45s. to 55s.
per ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 5168 bags from Hamburgh, 20 Ostend,
200 Antwerp, 97 Ghent, 8987 Harlingen, 16 Flush-
ing, 17 sacks Rotterdam, 400 packages Bremen, and
3 packages from Boulogne,

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.
Quality. THE BEST In the Market, (All sacks included.)
peat, best brown librous ... 5s. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. 6(/.
PEAT, best black fibrous ... is. ad. ,, 6 sacks for 20s.
PEAT, extr.i selected Orchid 7s. lid. ,, 5 sacks for 35s.
LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST 1 Is, per bush., 3s, per sack
LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... ) (sacks included).
SIL\'ER SAND, coarse. Is, id. per bush., 14s. half-ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIPKE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER 8rf. lb. ; 28 lb., 18.!.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., Is. per sack.
CHUliB'S" PERFECT" FER--\ I.v Bags.

TILISER (the Best Food for ( • .

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. 2Slb. o61b. 1 c^^ f .

Fruits. Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- ,V- 8- 14'- 2L' -
CHRUSHED BONES, or Boue Dust L2 2/- 3 6 6/- U' -
VIKGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17-
RUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANES, PERUVIAN GUANO.

NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &i-.
PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and

Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales, 6s. each.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubbs special process),

sacks, Is. Sd. each ; 10 sacks, Us.; 15 sacks, 15s.: 20 sacks, 18s.;

.'jO sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

28s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated,

in sacks only. 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.
(Bankers, Union Bun/. 0/ London.)

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E,

GARDEN REQUISSTES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT.— Excellent for Heaths aiui general ime, 7..-. per yard,
4s. per sack. Orchid (specialite), finest selected Fern fibre,
Gs. 6d. per sack. Khododendron, 10s. per ton ; not les3
than 0 tons.

LOAM. — Good fibrous, 13s. per ton. ls.9d. per sack.

LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.

SIL\'ER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. 6(i.
and Ss. per ton.

SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh, Gs.6d. per sack.

GRAVEL. — Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths,
Ss. *5d. per ton.
The above prices are the lowest ever offered to growers, and

will be in force three months only.

GATERELL & SON, Peat Merchants, Ringwood.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

Peat of tirst-rate qu:iHty, suitable lor

ORCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,
FERNS,

and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the sack, or by the yard ; also first-rate
PEAT MOULD.— For printed particulars, apply, D. CAMERON,
Forester. Mount Mascal Estate, North Cray, Foot's Cray, Kent.

EAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for

Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at lbs. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. &d. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Famboro' Station. Hants.

JENSEN'S

Every prain fertilizeB because the Gaano is perfectly
pure. It in most economical, one part of Manure to

lOO parta of ooil being ample for garden use.
Write for Pamphlet, Testimonials and Instructions.

FISHPOTASH

Dr. Voeloker's analysis guaranteed. FiSII-POTASH
contains Ammonia, Phosphates and Potash in large
proportioDB, which are the principal elements of

GUANO

GUANO — 2-lb. Tins, Is. ; In Bags, 7 lbs, 2s. ;

14 lbs., is. ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6(1. ; 66 lbs., 10s. 6d. ;

1 cwt., 16s. ; 2 cwt., 30s., carriage paid.

Special terms for larger quantities.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED.
109, Fenchurch Street, London, E.G.

TREPHOforORCHIDS.

For Potting, Rafts, Blocks, &c. To be obtained only from
BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.B.S., F.R.H.S.,

CATALOG tJE of all Horticultural Requisites postrfree.
POTTERY of all descriptions.

SAVE HALF TJ^E COST.

G A RSI D E'S

BEDFORDSIIIKE

SILVER SAND,

Coarse and Fine,

Is :Himitt.-l liv the leadinK Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality ..1.1;i!,m1.1- in the Trade.

tnii-ijiiifr. -Iif.ukl Buy Direct from the Owner of the'*
( . 1. l.iMt.d ;in.l Kxten&ive Pits, which contain a practically in-
rNli:iii.,tibIc Miiijily of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the
onlliiiirvcost.

NO TRAVELLERS OR AOENTS.
Anply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price.

All Orders eiecuted Willi the utmost promptness

iind under personal suptrvision.

GEORGE GARSIDE, Jun., LEIGHTON liVZZAKD, BEDS.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS. HEATHS. FERNS, RHODODENDRONS,
and otiier choice Phmts.

The Best In the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London. E.G.. continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. Sc Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have NO Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thripg, Green Fly, and other Ulight. 1 to a ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes. Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots di-y and soft cm
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CAia)LE COMPANY
(Limited). Loudon.

GARDEN MATS, LOAM, &c.— New Arch-
angel M.\TS (large size). lOs. per bundle of ten mat-s;
Large Heavy Russian, 7s. 6(/. perdozen. Yellow Fibrous LOAM,
Silver .SAND (coarse and line). Brown Fibrous PEAT, at lowest
prices, bv the ton or truck. RAFFM. 7«. W. and 9s. per
dozen pounds.— BRINKWORTH and SONS, Reading.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON iND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street. London. E.C.

FOR SALE, a valuable HERBARIUM, the
collection of a noted Bolaninst. containing nearly 35,000
specimens, of which S,=iOO (American) are mounted, and the
remainder, from all parts of the globe, in papers. The speci-
mens are named by best authorities— Gray, Torrey, Watson,
Engelmann, Chapman, Hooker, Bentham, &c. Many were
received direct from describers and discoverers. The Foreign
Collection would be desirable for a College of Pharmacy. Price
£400 for the whole, or £320 for the American. For further in-
formation address P. V. LE ROY, care of J. M. Thorburn &
Co., Seed Merchants, 15, .lolin Street, New York. I'.S.A.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window GASES,

CAVES. WATERFALLS, WINDOW BOXES, AQUARIA,
ARTIFICIAX ROCKWORK for Ballrooms, Hnlls, Staircases,
&c., temporarily erected and constructed, under personal
superintendence of

HARPHAM iKD HOWES.

Horticultural Depot. 107, Church Street. Edgware Road, N.W.

Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to am/ London Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

15 oz. 21 oz.
131 by 8J for 10/- for 14/-

12 ,, 9 ,, 10/- ,, 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6,
12 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6 or 250 squares SJ by 6J, or 220
14 ,, 10 ,, 13/- „ 19/- squares, 9J by 6^, or 170 squares,
14 „ 13 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7J, or 150 squares, 10 by 8,
12 „ 13 „ 13/- „ 20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all Order*
18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- over £3.
20 „ 12 „ 24/- „ 35/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,

14. Moor Lane, Cripplegate, London, E.C.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16.000 of the Nobilitv. Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

0T7TD00B WORK, CONSERVATOKIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Misture, Free to all Stations.

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatories, Ike.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YAED, LUDGATE HILL. E.C. ;

BACHliLUll'S WALK, DUBLIN,— £liscoi»i( for Cash.

Dkcember 10, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

731

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELO IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, caU Special Attention to their

PATENT WROUGHT-IRON MUNICIPAL OR ANGULAR CHAMBERED AND TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others -with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

OAnni C Dnil CDO ■^^"I' waterway backs anil WELDED BOILEES, nny of wliieh are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories, Churches, Chapels,
OAUULL DUlLtnO) schools, PubUc Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant.

The MVXICIPAT. nnd TL'Bl'LArL ones are romarlMble Jot their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will bum without requiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE a. SILVER MEDAL, at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881.

sectional plan.

The longitudinal

MBl
MBS
UBS
MBi
HB5

SIZES AND PRICES

3 ft. 2 in. long by S ft. 0 in. wide by S ft. 0 in. deep

6

by 2

0

by 2

3

by 3

0

by 4

0

, 1000 ft.
1280

Calculated to

heat 4-in. piping -s 2200

as follows I— / 4000

Wooo

Price £15
21

32
60
85

Uessbs. THOS. green axd son, Ltd., NORTH STREET, LEEDS.

by 2

,, t>y2 6

,, by3 0

,, by 3 9

T E S T I ]\I O N I A L S.

Re HEATIITG APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's Office. Muaicipal Buildings, Lpeds. January 9, 1886.

Gentlemen, — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hot-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.

The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from 1^ in. to 6 in. diameter, with their conuectioiis, &c. The several
offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, eveu in the coldest weather.

Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consump-
tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer.

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November 10th, 188f3.

Gentlemen, — The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its wort satisfactorily; it is heating 5,000 feet of 4-inch, pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that
it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.
MESSRS.. THOS GREEN and SON. Ltd., LEEDS. Yours faithfully, (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD.

AND HTTNDBEDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REaUIRED.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

From To

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellinoton Stbbbt, Siband,
LONDON, W.C.

Please
commencing _

send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for
, for which I enclose P. 0.0

1887.
Months,

IS° Please note that all Copies sent direct from this Office must be paid for in advance.

THE UNITED KINGDOM: — 12 Months, 15*.; 6 Mouths, 7s. Sd.; 3 Months, Ss. Qd.; Post-fre».

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, \7s. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19a. Gd,

Receipts for lees than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made pay (^U at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheque* ihould be crossed " DRUMMOND."

732

THE GABDENERS' GHBONICLE.

[December 10, 1887.

To Nurserymen. Seed Merchants, and Florists.

J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch-
• angel Matalowerthananyother house in the trade : also
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and .'i. Womnvood .Strt-et. E.C.

KEEP OUT THE FROST.

Wrighf&Butler's

PRIZE MEDAL PORTABLE

ALIi SIZES. AX.Z. FRIGES.

UNIFORM TEMPERATURE
ALWAYS MAINTAINED.

WITH OR WITHOUT THE

HOT-WATER ARRANGEMENT.

For Heating the Greenhouse or Conservatory these Stovea
are a marvel of utility. They require no fixing and need
attention but once or twice each day ; can be tnramed and
lighted in five minutes, and with no more trouble than that
required to tiim and light an ordinary table lamp. A build-
ing measuring 20 by 15 feet can b? heated in an efficient
manner at a cost of one farthing per hour. Ask your Iron-
monger for Illustrated Catalogue, whicli gives all particulars
concerning these strives. "WTicn purcha*;ing. insist upon having
the genuine article with brass label attached bearing our name.
MANUFACTORY : BIRMINGHAM.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHOUSES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without attention. KOBERTS'S
PATENT TEKRA-COTTA STOVES tor COAL give pure
and ample beat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Oreenhousea. Bedrooms. &c. Pamphlets. Drawiugs. and
authenticated Testimoninli sent. S.h in use at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

HyaciatliB In Pots.

pOTS made expressly for HYACINTHS can

-'- be supplied by

.T. JUTTHEWS, P.oval Pottery, Weston-super-Mare,
Price List free.

S Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing.

TRONG, well-made PUTS for the above can
be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

THOMAS'S

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS

Btrainlng Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 636.

As illustrated above. prir:e (Js. '6d. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Termina Holdfasts.— No. 632.
/ -.\ No. 632a.

23.

2 n 3 3} inches. e:ElgL 2a. 6(

3d., 4d., Bd., 7d. per doz. IWiSm

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

per 100 yards.
niit-^trated CATALOGUE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;

Works: 362. EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

Rosher's Garden Edging TUes.

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials of great durabiUty. The plainer
Horts are specially suited for
^ KITCHEN GARDENS,
tliey harbour no Slugs
Lsecta, take up little :
id once put dowa inc
further labour or expen
do "grown" Edgings, c
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Eoad, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road. E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXXEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Po3t. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, ■with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

QILVER SAND,

O fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wliarf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

To Nuraeiynien and Otlier3. _

FOR SALE, 600 ROOF LAMP GLOBES,
10 inches wide bv 7 inches deep.— Can be seen at LILLIE
BRIDGE WORKS. District Railway. West Brompton, S.W.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

AXD AT 113, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G.

IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS.

Special E.tirade-* gixt-^i f r T

irjjp L iitricts in Fencing,

Rooting. &(. IVr^-uiiJtl hur\r\su

LaLates made, and practical

advice guen as to the be--t a.ud m

ust tLouomical Fences to put

down.

Illuatiattd Catalogu

es Free by Pott

" Now for the golden wine of English meadows I
A cool, dtep. sparkling beaker of liquid topaz
Nor Reims, nor Rhine can match I"

//?/£>£• ^ MOTT & CO.'S

CELEBRATED LEICESTERSHIRE
COWSLIP WINE,

of the fine 1887 vintage, is NOW perfect.
Gold Medal, London.
4f4/7/^TnoRoUGHLY Genuine Wine. Pale,
brilliant, slightly sparkling, exquisite
colour, delicious flavour ; not too yweet.
Lakgelv used for Dinner, Supper,
Dessert. Balls, and Picnics.
Excellent Nerve-soother for Neuralgia or Toothache.
Sold by Wine Merchants and Grocers throughout Great Britain.
Exported to America, China, Australia, &c.
Pamphlet and List of Agents, post-free.
Price 16a, per dozen, case, &c. included. Carriage paid on

two dozen.
MOTT & CO., AVine Merchants, LEICESTEB.

TAMWORTH RED PIGS.- -The Aylesbury
Dairy Company have young BOARS and SOWS forSALE,
from their celebrated herd of this valuable breed of pigs. See
Prize Lists Royal Agricultural Society of England, York,
Shrewsbury, Preston, Norwich, Newcastle. Over 200 of these
Pigs have been sold to Foreign Governments and other Buyers
abroad and in the United Kingdom since January 1, 1837.

For price and particulars, apply to the AYLESBURY DAIRY
COMPANY, Limited. Horsham. Sussex.

HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

A large quantity of all descriptions and
sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices.

NICHOLLS & CLARKE,

SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E.

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-°o«"
CHAMPAGNE, "GEVENCEV," 30/- «h.

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

Decesiber 10, 1887.]

THE GAJRDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

733

Hot -water Pipes and
Fittings

OF EVERY DESCKIPTION.
4 1 ih riijos at Is. lid. i)or jarj.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

}\ and all other Muds of
BOILEBS.

Lnproved Ventilating
Arrangement

For GREENHOUSES, &C.
Qll VFQTFR'Q patent steel TRENTHAM boiler is far the best, cheapest, a7id

OILVLO I Ln 0 most economical Hot-water Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring

perfect combustion saves fuel and 7;rci'rafss)«oA-f, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. These T.oilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete ; efficiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACHINERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, ^-c.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

When you Require a NEW DRESS
Write for Patterns, POST-FREE, of

ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S

SELECT

Rob ubon &. Clea r li e
obta ned conb denble reputa
t on on account of the ]u 1„
raent they d spl n the sele
t o of patterns ty h h the
d ffi ulty of malt ng a cl o

o often exper enct; 1 r

i ed toam n mum

t WHOLESALE PRICE.

DRESS
MATERIALS.

Tlf

effe t ut 1 r C t 1 :

DISTANCE NO OBJECT

ROBINSON & CLEAVER,

BELT AST.

MESSENGER & CO S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus,

JiLt 3 ued II he found the mo t umpl Le pra t al aud rel able gu de to all about to bu Id alter or heat greeuhousea
Ulustrat ons of e r> de cnpt on of &las,hou e, from the large t range of V, nter Gardens to tl e b mplest forms of Portable
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-\vater Pipes, and all appliances for
heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building aud heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2S. pOSt-free.

A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys
made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

LEAS-TO CONSERV.ITORY Oil GREENHOUSE.

No. 51. — A remarkably pretty design, at a very moderate
price. Prices given are for erecting complete (with brick-
work), within 15 miles of London Bridge. Proportionate
prices in any part of the country.

Loughborough Hot-Water Apparatus (fixed) extra, as below.
Size. Price. H.W. Ap. I Size. Price. H.W. Ap.
10ft. by 6ft. £\9 10 JE5 5 20ft. by 10ft. f:B 0 £6 15
12ft. hv 8ft. £24 0 £5 15 25ft. by 12ft. £48 10 £7 10
15ft. by 9ft. £38 0 £6 5 | 30ft. by 13ft. £66 0 £8 10

ILLUSTRATED SHEETS of Conservatories, Greek-
houses, &c., with Prices for Erecting aud Heating, FREE.

SURVEYS JIADE IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY
FREE OF CHARGE. Designs and Estimates FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-Mater Engineers,

''"■ 'I'frlet;"""" \ L OND ON BRID GE.
W. H. LASCELLES &. CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS

121 BUNHILL BOW LONDON, E.C

W H LASCELLES and CO w llgve Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK free of charge and
send competent assi tants w hen necessary

LASCELLES' NEW BOCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
121, Bunhill Row, London, E.C.

niustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and
CJonservatories, and Ckincrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages,
sent post-free on'application.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted :—

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0
12 feet long. 4 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 4 15 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 3 15 0

12 feet long. 5 feet wide 6 10 0

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

ROYAL HUR'^ICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London ii^ent : Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &g.,
2. Holloway Road, N.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and Iths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miacellaneoufl
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARUILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. John Street, West Smlthfield, London, E.C.

stack List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

7S4

THE GABDElSlEnS' CHBOniCLE.

[t)ECEsn3Eit 10, 18S7.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

/frnd r.uic chnrqed as two.

i Lines

. . io

H

0

15

Lines .

£0 8

u

5 „

.. 0

a

6

16

0 9

0

6 „

.. 0

4

0

17

0 9

6

7 „

.. 0

4

6

18

0 10

0

8 „

.. 0

r,

0

19

0 10

fi

9 „

.. 0

i)

t)

20

0 11

0

10 „

. . 0

fi

0

21

0 11

0

11 .,

.. 0

6

fi

22

0 13

0

12 „

.. 0

7

0

23

0 U

6

13 „

.. 0

/

6

24

0 13

0

14 „

.. 0

8

0

25

0 13

fi

AND

SIXPENCE rOE Ef

CRY ADDITIOXAL

LINE.

n set ncr

o^s tiTO Colum

ni (

nill be 20.<.

< l1ir,.o Coliira

lis t

pst charge

will be ::!(

r.

„-. £^: II

ill 1

iiR".

i-1 IfK

; Column

£.1.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and tiddresi^, Is 6rf.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THKSE ADrrP.TISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, whii,'h are charged sit the ordinary scale.

IMPOHTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are caidioned
against having Letters addressed to btitials at Post-offiees, ns
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Death.^ and Marhiag-es, 55. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office bij

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kingdom: 12 Months, 16s.; 6 Months.

7s. 6d, : 3 Mouths, 3s. 9d.

FOREIOX (excepting India and China); including Po^tag.

17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d.

Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post Offic<

42, DRURY LANE, W.C. to \V. Richards.

PuuLisHiNu Office and Office for Advertise

41. Wellington Street, Strand, London, "VV.C.

SAViS YOUK FHUIT VHw^

"W. RICHARDSON & CO.

Horticultural IJutLiu.ii^ am> IIot-watkr Knoine
DARLIISrGTON.

WATERPROOF TREE LABELS,

nnd all qualities of

DIRECTION LABELS,

for Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florist",
Samples and rillC/i LIST on ,ii>pl,catioii.

FISHER, CLARK & CO.,
LABEL MANUFACTIliKRS. Bd.'iTON. LINCOLN.SHIRK.

nI^t^^Ig^ RICBY, WAINWRICHT & CO.,

HOTHOnsE ' MAXI FACTIKEH.s.

SHADINGS i Neptune Works, Manchester.

' \ COTTON WOOL and WADDING for Florists

TIFFANY, land Nnrs.rymen. Send for Saroplesand Frice'i.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

KAFFIA FlUKE.

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS en APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

136. COMMERCIAL STREET. LONDON. E.
EW ARCHANGEL MATS.— RUSSIA

MATS of all deseriptions, KAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO
RAG and PAPER, supplied to the Trade at Lower Prices than
any other firm this season.— MARENDAZ and FISHER, 9 and
H). Jamea Street. Covent Garden. W.C.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

W PETERS AND SONS, 44, Tenter St., South,
• Goodman's Fields, London, E., are now sellinf;, at
extremely Low Prices, New Season's best quality heavy full-
sine Archangel MATS; also St. Petersburg MATS, Packing
M.tTS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL. PETERSBURG, and PACKING
MATS, TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, RAFFIA, PEAT,
LOAM, SILVER SAND and COCOA-FLBRE REFUSE,
GARDEN TOOLS.

SL7, DIBBLE & UO., 129, Commercial Street,

Spitalfields, London, E

MADE WITH BOILINa WATER,

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFOETINO.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Injuries to Special Constables.

The Directors of the

RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY have agreed that gentlemen holding their
Policies of Assurance against ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS
shall be covered against risk of assault in the discharge of their
duty when acting as Special Constables, without extra charge.
WILLIAM J. \-IAN, Secretary.
OfBce, 61, Comhill.

Dr. Smiles' New Work.

LIFE AND LABOUR : or, Characteristics of
Jleii of Industry, Culture, and Genius.
PostSvo. 6s., now ready.
Works by the same Author.

TX/fEN OF INVENTION AND INDUSTRY,

I'A Post 8vo. 6s.

TAMES NASMYTH, Engineer. An Auto-

fj biography. With Portrait and 90 lUustratious. Post
Rvo. 6s.

T IFE OF GEORGE STEPHENSON. Large

i^ 8vo edition. Illustrated, 2Is. Crown 8vo edition, Illus-
trated, 7s. 6rf. Smaller Edition, with Portrait, 2s. 6rf.

IVES OF THE ENGINEERS. Illustrated

by 9 Steel Portraits, and '6^ Engravings on Wood.

L

5 Vols. Is. 6rf. each,

TNDUSTRIAL

BIOGRAPHY.

D

C

Post 8vo. 6s.

UTY: with Examples of Courage, Patience,

and Endurance. Post 8vo. 6s.

CELF-IIELP : with Examples of Conduct

^^ and Perseverance. Post 8vo. 6s.

HARACTER: a Boole of Noble Character-
istics. Post 8vo. 6s.

'"PHRIFT: a Book of Domestic Counsel.

A Post 8vo. 6!.

T IFE OF A SCOTCH NATURALIST.

1-i With Portrait and Illustrations by George Reid, U.S.A.
Post Svo. 6s.

T IFE OF ROBERT DICK. AVith Portrait

A-i etched bv Rajon. and numerous Illustrations, mostly by
the Author. Crown 8vo. I2.s.

.TOIIN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

TheLady|||

LIFE OF CHARLES DARWIN,

AND NEW EDITIONS OF HIS WORKS.

^

Fifth Thousand, with Portraits, 3 vols., Svo, 36s.

THE LIFE and LETTERS of CHARLES
DARWIN, F.R.S. With an Autobiographical Chapter.
Edited by his Son, Fkascis Dahwin, F.R.S.

New Library Editions.
''PHE ORIGIN of SPECIES by MEANS of

X NATURAL SELECTION ; or the Preservation of
Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Large Type Edition,
1 760 pp.) 2 vols. 12s.

'■PHE DESCENT of MAN, and SELECTION

A in RELATION to SEX. Larqe Type Edition. (900 pp.)
■2 vols. 1.5s.

Cheaper, and Uniform Editions.
V NATURALIST'S VOYAGE ROUND

-i V the WORLD. 7s. 6rf.

■"PHE ORIGIN of SPECIES by MEANS of

J- NATURAL SELECTION. 6s.

''PHE VARIOUS CONTRIVANCES by which

A ORCHIDS are FERTILISED by INSECTS. 7s. 6rf.

VARIATION of ANIMALS and PLANTS

UNDER DOMESTICATION. 2 vols. 15s,

''PHE DESCENT of MAN, and SELECTION

-1. in RELATION to SEX. 7s. 6rf.

EXPRESSION of the EMOTIONS in MAN
and ANLMALS. Illustrations, (/n the Press.

MOVEMENTS and HABITS of CLIMBING
PLANTS. 6s.

EFFECTS of CROSS and SELF-FERTI-
LIZATION in the 1'EGETABLE KINGDOM. 9s.

"TNSECTIA'OROUS PLANTS.

-L 9s. [/ii the Press.

DIFFERENT FORMS of FLOAVERS on
PLANTS of the SAME SPECIES. 7s. id.

T>OWER of MOVEMENT in PLANTS.

A 9s. [In the Press.

FORMATION of A'EGETABLE MOULD
THROUGH the ACTION of WORMS. 6s.

T IFE of ERASMUS DARWIN.

-L/ New Edition. Portrait. 7s. 6rf.

.lOHN MURRAY', Albemarle Street.
L. REEVE & CO.'S NE"W •WORKS.

M '*,7'""

'OMTiTc^ Ajf* ' ^etsri^wnrMTj

Now ready, the New Volume (42 of the third series)
for 1886, 42s.

'T'HE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. Figures

X and Descriptions of New and Rare Plants. By Sir J. D.

Hooker, K.C.S.L, &c. Published monthly, with 6 Plate%
',i-:. Gd. coloured. Annual subscription. A'Js. V0I3. 1 to 42,
cncli 42y., or the set of 42 volumes complete to date, £75 125,
ca-^li, with order.

With 48 beautifully Coloured Plate?. 31'.?.

'^FHE NARCISSUS : its History and Culture.

X By F. W. BURBIDGE, F.L.S., with a scientific Review
of the entire Genus, by J. G. Bakeb, F.R.S.. F.L.S.

" It is no slight boon to have in so accessible a form so large
a series of illustrations." — Gardeners' Chronicle.

"We have tfsted it on various jroints, and have found it
thoroughly satit^factory in every particular." — Gardeners'
Magazine,

FLORAL PLATES, beautifully Coloured
by Hand, 6d. and Is. each. List of over 1000 varieties',

BOTANICAL PLATES, or Plant Portraits,
beautifully Coloured by Hand, 6d. each. List of nearly
L».'iOO varieties, <hree stamps.

ORCHIDS ; and How to Grow them in India
and other Tropical Climates. By Sa.-ml'EL .Te.\m.vgs,
F.L.S., F.R.H.S.. late Vice-President of the Ap:ri-HorticuUxiral
Society of India. Royal 4to. Cloth, gilt edges, 63s.

A SECOND CENTURY of ORCHIDA-
CEOUS PLANTS, selected from the Subjects published
in Curtis's " Botanical Magazine " since the issue of the " First
Century," Edited by James Batesian, Esq , F.R.S. Roya!
4to, 100 Coloured Plates, £o os. Dedicated by Special Per-
mission to H.R.H. the Princess of Wales.

MONOGRAPH of ODONTOGLOSSUM, a
Gennsof the Vandeous Section of Orchidaceous Plants.
By .lAJiia Bateman, Esq., F.R.S. Imperial folio, 30 Coloured
Plates, clotli, *6 16s. 6f/.

q^HE RHODODENDRONS of SIKKIM-

A HIMALAYA ; being an Account, Botanical and Geo-
graphiciil, of the Rhododendrons recently discovered in the
Mountains of Eastern Himalaya, by Sir J. D. Hooker, r.R.S.
By Sir W, J. HoOKEB. F.R.S. Folio, 30 Coloured Plates,

£4 14s. M.

L. REE\i: AND CO., .5, Henrietta Street, COvent Garden, W,C,

ZADKIEL'S ALIVIAHAC, 1888.

i:normou5 Circulation— Fulfilled Piophecirs— Weather Fore-
casts—Bot Times for Sowiii|T and Planting. &c.

London :— COUSINS ft CO., 6, Helmet Court, Strand.

Price 6rf»

Decembeb 10, 1887.]

THE gaudenehs' chuoi^icle.

^35

Estate Sales.

The best County medium for Advertising Sales of

THE WORCESTER HERALD, the largest
iinU leading County pajrer. Extensive circtilation among
the upper and middle chisses in Worcestershire and adjoining
counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for relerence
and distribution, plans and particulars of EstJites, Catalogues
of Machinery. Furniture, Books, and other property advertised
in the colums of the Woi-cester Herald. Specimen copies sent
free. Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d.

Offices, 7:?, High Street, "Worcester.

Sales of stock and Agricultural Effects.
''PHE WORCESTER HERALD is the moat

JL effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of
this class, It is the largest and leading Agricultural paper in
the county, and circulates most extensively among Agricul-
turists in and around Worcestershire. Specimen copies free.
I'ublished Friday for Saturday, price 2d.

Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester.

Farms to be Let.

LAND AGENTS, ESTATE MANAGERS, and all having Farms
to Let. would do well to Advertise in

'^rHE WORCESTER HERALD, the Largest

-L and Xeading County Paper. Specially adapted for
bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large Circula-
tion, moderate charge. Specimen free. Price 2d. Published
Friday for Saturday.

Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester.

W/'AXTED, a young MAN (Florist), of good

V» address, and a good Correspondent, to extend a
Business, where every encouragement will be given ; the posi-
tion is unequalled in the metropolis. Capital not less than
£300.— FLORIST. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

ANTED, UNDER GARDENER, for the

country, in a Gentleman's garden. Wages, 15s. per
week, with cottage, garden and milk. Must be thoroughly
well up in Kitchen and Flower Gardening, and must have
first-class character. — Wri te full particulars to S. B., Gardennrs.'
Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, of ex-

perience, for Outside Work, as well as in the Houses.
5Iust be strong and have a personal character. Wages lbs.
Bothy on premises. Firing and milk when convenient. — Apply
byIettertoT.CHRISTY,F.L.S..MalvernHouse, Sydenham. S.E.

WANTED, a PLANT GROWER and
PROPAGATOB.— Must be clever and energetic, with
good character. — Apply, with particulars and wages expected,
to FLORIST, Garde?iers' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

ANTED, a MARKET GROWER. E^^

perienced. t'sed to all kinds of Forcing, especially
Cucumbers and Tomatos. Abstainer preferred. — J. P., West
Hall. Mortlake.

ANTED, a Young MAN, as Second Man

in Garden, to take Charge of Three Small Houses.
Must have competent knowledge of Orchids, also of Stove and
Greenliouse Plants, None need apply without good references.
— State wages, and send references as to character and ability,
to Rev. J. P. WAY, Warwick.

WANTED, a young MAN, Outdoors, in
the place of another, during a severe illness (a few
months certain). Bothy, &c., found. — Mr. A. J. BALL-
HATCHET, Head Gardener, Fulham Palace, S.W.

WANTED, a JUNIOR ASSISTANT, one
who has been accustomed to a Counter Trade, and is
smart in the Putting-up of Orders. — State experience and
salary expected to GEO. COOLING and SONS, NurserjTnen
and Seedsmen, Bath.

WANTED, a BOUQUKTIST, WREATH
MAKER, and SAIESMAU, to take charge of Florist's
Shop. — Apply, stilting wages required and full particulars, to
(iAHAWAY AND CO., Durdliam Down, Clifton, Bristol.

GABDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mb. Geo. Boi'xd, Foreman at Ringwood Gar-
dens, Chesterfield, has been appointed Head
Gardener to the Hon. Mrs. Dougla.s.s Pennant,
Bucknell Manor, Bicester, Oxfordshire.

Mr. E. Hunt, Gardener to the late R. II.
Cotton, Esq., Etwall Hall, Derby, has been
appointed Gardener to the Rev. R. G. Buckston,
Sutton Hall, Sutton-on-the-Hill, Derby.

Mr. W. J. iS'o'i'ET.L has been appointed as
Grardener and Bailiff to Mrs. Anson, Catton
Hall, Burton-on-Trent.

WANT PLACES.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER. BAILIFF. FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN'. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the best selections for the
different capacities will be made.— Holloway, N.

iiJCOTCH GARDENERS.

O —John Downie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
S->edsman, 141. Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH G-UIDENERS, waiting re-
engagements. He will be ple;xsed to supply full particulars
to auy Lady. Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener.

t>ICHARD SMITH and CO.
v beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
Slc. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

GARDENER (Head Wokking).— Age ;i4,
married; being disenga<:;ed after Christmas, begs to
offer his services as a good all-round man, and as being a
thorough Plantsmnn. Can be well recommended by present
employer and previous.— C. COTTON, Gardener to A. West-
rup. Esi].. Red Hill. Surrey.

GARDENER (Head), where four or five are
kept.— Mr. R. Pakkfk, Inipuey Gardens, Droitwich,
would be pleased to recommend his Foreman to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a thorough practical Gardener.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen
years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Flowers, and Vegetables, also Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character and testimonials. Charles Arthur Tolley.
—Apply. Mr. CYPHER, Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham.

p ARDENER (Head); age 32, married, no

VX family. — W. J. Ireland, late of Nostell Priory, and
previously with the Marquis of Headfort, is open for re-engage-
ment. Thoroughly conversant with all matters relative to
Horticulture. Left at own request. Testimonials of the
highest order. — Leasgill, Milnthorpe, Westmoreland.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mr. .Iaqi-es,

Gardener to the Baron F. de Rothschild, Waddesdon
Manor, Aylesbury, will be glad to recommend to any Noble-
man. Lady, or Gentleman a thoroughly experienced man in all
branches, as Head Gardener. For the last four years principal
Foreman at Waddesdon, previously in His Grace the Duke of
Sutherland's Gardens, and other leading places.— A. WILLIS,
Waddesdon.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
several are kept.— Middle-aged, married ;' understands
Gardening in all its branches ; also Land and Stock if rer|uired.
Excellent testimonials from present and previous employers.
— E. M., The Gardens, Weybridge Park, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working); middle-aged,
married. — A Gentlema:? wishes to recommend a
thoroughly industrious, trustworthy, and good Gardener, who
has served him eighteen years. Good Kitchen and Flower
Gardener, Orchard, Plant-houses. Forcing, &c. — J. O. B.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

ARDENER (Head Working, or Single-

HANDED). — Married ; fifteen years in last situation.
Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches.
—CHARLES CA FLING. Bedhampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Head AVorking, or good
Sl>-<iLE-nAXDFD), or FOREMAN in a good establish-
ment. — Age 26, single; thoroughly experienced in all
branches. Highest references and character.- A. PEACOCK,
West End, Kimbolton, Hunts.

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed). —
Married ; understands Flower and Kitchen Garden,
Greenhouses, &c. Seven years' character. State wages. —
C. C, 12.5, Holderness Road, Bournemouth.

(~^ ARDENER (Head), where one or more are

VX kept, or FOREMAN in a good establishment.— Good
references from last employer.- H. OSBORNE, The Laundry,
Neatishead, near Norwich, Norfolk.

GARDENER. — Age 23. Re-engagement
desired in any subordinate capacity in private establish-
ment or Nursery. Good Shorthand Writer and Book-keeper as
a Vade-mecum to the latter. Good references. Abstainer. —
PHONO. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Working), seeks employment.
Good man; well trained. Understands Flowers and
Plants thoroughly. Holds excellent testimonials for last eleven
years. Will be highly recommended by last employer, with
whom he remained seven years. — P. B., Housekeeper, 60,
Queen Victoria Street, E.C.

GARDENER (good Single-handed, or other-
wise).—understands Vines, Orchids, Stove and Green-
house Plants, &c. Has had eleven years' experience; three
years in last situation. Total abstainer. — A. P. A., 4, Upper
Teddington Road, Hampton Wick.

GARDENER (Second, or Under).— Age 24 ;
nine years' experience Inside and Out. Good character.
J. CRACKNELL, The Gardens, Fuhvell Park, Twickenham.
Middlesex.

GARDENER (Second), or FIRST .TOUR-
NEYMAN. in large establishment. — Age 22; eight
years' experience Inside and Out. Can be well recommended
by present and previous employers. — Please etate wages and
particulars to J. MAJOR. Malquoits. Ewhurst, Guildford.

G

^ ARDENER (Second, or Single-handed).

Everley's Cottages, Staines Boad, Hounslow Heath.

GARDENER (C4ood Single-handed, or
other wise).^Age 28; married, no family. Experienced
in Early and Late Forcing, Vines, Stove and Greenhouse
I'lanta ; Flower and Kitchen Garden. Total nbstaiuer. Three
and a half years' good character. — R. W., Mrs. Godfrey, The
Cottage, Boreham Wood. IJlstrec, Herts.

GARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN,
in a large establishment, where Gardening is carried on
with spirit.- Age 24. single. Nine years' experience Inside
and Out. Highest references.— W. OWEN, 5, Gladstone Ter-
race, Leeds Road. Harrogate, Yorks.

FOREMAN, in the Houses; age 2t>.— Mr.

X^ Thomas King. Gardener, Devizes Castle, will be plea'ed
to recommend an active and intelligent man aa above. Tliir-
teen years' experience, with excellent character. — Address as

L''OREMAN (General), in a good place. —
X? S. Randall, Nurseryman, Exeter, wishes to highly
recommend a young married man. Good experience and refer-
ence.— Address as above.

r^OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN in a

X. good establishment. — Age 25; eleven vears" experience
in all branches. Well recommended.— E. .\SHWELL. The
Gardens. Newland's Park, Sydenham. S.E.

lY URSERY FOREMAN.— Eighteen years' ex-

i-^ perience. Good Propagator and Grower; well up in

T)ROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market.—

X Age 30, single ; well up in the general routine of the Cut
Flower and Plant Trade.— T. B., 11, The Flats, Walton-le-Dale,
Preston.

JOURNEYMAN, in the House.s in a good es-
tablishment.— Age 20 ; the Gardener can with confidence
recommend him. Abstainer.— W. ASHTON, Elsham, Brigg,
Lincoln^

JOURNEYMAN, or good IMRROVEK.—
Can be well recommended from present situation.
Leaving through establishment being reduced. Bothy pre-
ferred. Protestant.- T. McCOUBREY, Gardens, Caetleward,
Downpatrick, Ireland.

0 NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN.—

John Cranston & Co., can confidently recommend man
(ajied 40), with good references, as Estate Agent, Bailiff, Head
Oardener, or to Manage Fruit Fann. Was for five years Head
Jliinaser of the extensive Fruit Farm of E. Pe.ise, Esii.—
JOHN CRANSTON, King's Acre Nurseries, Hereford.

O SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS.— Advertiser

(age 28). with twelve years' thorough practical experi-
ence, seeks re-engagement in any capacity aa above, at home
or abroad. Good address, active, and obliging. Unexceptional
references. — RAFFIA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Street. Strand, W. C.

To the Trade.

MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN. —Age
30; Advertiser who has had thirteen years' experience
in the Seed and Nursery Trade, desires an engagement as above.
Highest references; five years in present situation. — L. A.,
Gardeners' Chronicle omce. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

To Seedsmen. Florists, and Nurserymen.

MANAGER, TRAVELLER, or SHOPMAN.
— Age 27 ; eleven years' good experience, seeks re-en-
gagement. Well np in Wreaths, Bouquets, and Floral Decora-
tions. Thorough knowledge of Seed Trade. Convers.aut with
Covent Garden Market and Fruit Business. Understands
Book-keeping.— ,T. .TOHNSON, .'5, Fairfield Koad, Burgess HiU,
Sussex.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Head, or good Second). — Age
28 ; has done a journey. Twelve years' thorough practical
experience in Wholesale and Retail. — SEEDS, Gardcnprs^
Chromcle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 27 ; thirteen years' thorough
practical knowledge of Wholesale and Retail Trade.
Good references.— SAMPLE, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, CLERK, or TRAVELLER,—
Seventeen years* experience ; thorough knowledge of
Garden and Agricultural Departments. Excellent references.
— L., Postmaster, Stewarton, N.B.

Seed Trade.
^HOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 24 ; six

KJ years' experience. Whole.sale and Retail. Excellent
references.— ERICA. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Street. Strand, W.C.

CASHIER, BOOK-KEEPER, or LEDGER
CLERK. — Advertiser seeks engagement as above with a
good firm. Thoroughly experienced. Firstclass testimonials.
Abstainer.— B. HITRST and SON. Houndsditch. Loudon. E.

c

To Seedsmen, &c.
L E R K . — Age 25 ; good references. —

N., 21, Leswin Road, Stoke Newiugton, N.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
In all outward complaints a desperate effort shouM be
made to at once remove these annoying infirmities, and of
establishing a cure. The remarkable remedies discovered by
Professor Holloway will satisfactorily accomplish this desirable
result, without any of those dangers or drawbacks which
attend the old method of treating ulcerative inflammations,
scrofulous affections, and scorbutic eruptions. The most timid
invalids may use both the Ointment and Pills with the utmost
safety with certain success, provided a moderate attention be
bestowed on their accompanying "Directions." Both the pre-
parations soothe, heal, and purify. The one assists the other
materially in effecting cures and renewing strength by helping
exhausted Nature just when she needs such s

736

THE GABBENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[Decembbh 10, 1887.

ho™™al BOULTON & PAUL

Obtain Estimates from
us before giving out
Orders.

Every requisite made
for Gardeners and
Grounds.

HEATING

APPARATUS.

CO^^I M VKil ir^?, PLVM IKH^rS Sl()\]^ ind GUI I MIOl --I -

p> ^cii iioi ^Ls, roRciN( not '>r%

Designed in a Practical Manner. Best Materials and Krperienced Workmen. Estimates Free.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS. NORWICH^ ^sho^7h!Lo^XM88^

AWABDED

GOLD and SILVER
MEDALS,

NEW PEA,-SHARPE'S QUEEN.

Our New Pea — Queen — in habit, cropping qualities, colour and flavour, is the perfection of a I'ea for every purpose, and by successi\'e sowings, «o
continuous a crop can be obtained that it will be almost unnecessary to cultivate any other variety.

The Queen is a blue wrinkled Marrow Pea, about 2 to 2^ feet in height, of a sturdy branching habit. It requires to be sown thinly, as the pods are
produced from the very bottom of the plant to the top. The pods are large, green, slightly curved, and so filled with Peas that when opened it would
appear impossible they could be contained in the pod. The Peas are large, oval, deep-green, and of a delicious flavour when cooked. We feel we camiot
Bay too much in its praise, and are confident our Customers will agree with us, it is one of the very best Peas ever sent out.

REPORT OF CHISWICK TRIALS, 1887.

" SHAHPe's Queen (Sharpe). — Large, deep-gref
filled, eight to ten Peas, bushy habit, strong grower, 1

-inkled, large, long, curved pods, well
crop, height 3 feet."

From the " Gardeners' Chronicle," July 16. 1887.

*' New Peas.— Amongst New Peas of this season's introduction. Queen and Jubilee with mc
are the most promising, and appear to be two ^rand Peas, large in pod, and well-tilled with
large Peas of first-class flavour. Of the two Peas iu question. Queen, with me, is, I think, the
best, and is a few days earlier than .Jubilee."

" Fine, large, well-filled pods of Peas with a sweet flavour."— Ed. C. C.

Price, 3s. per Pint Sealed Packet ; Is. 6d, per Half-pint Sealed Packet, Post-free.

CHARLES SHARPE iSc CO., SLEAFORD,

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

The Thames Bank Iron Company

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(Telegraphic Address—" Hot Water," London; Telephone, No. 4763), have the Largest and Most Complete Stock in the Trade.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

WITH WATERWAY END,
and every other Boiler of known merit, kept in Stock.

THE NEW

HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER.

This Boiler is made in several sizes from 6 feet 6 in.
long, and is fitted with Water Bars, as shown in the
illustration. The Furnace Door being hung upon the
front of Boiler is complete in itself, thus ensuring the
acme of simplicity in fixing.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, Price
Price LIST on application, free.

HOT-WATER PIPES, CONNECTIONS,

and all Ca.stings for Horticultural Purposes.

HOT-WATER and HOT-AIR APPARATUS Erected Complete, or the Materials supplied.

Editorial Communications should bo addressed to " The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by WnjjAM BIOHABDS, at the Office of Messrs. BRADBiniY, Agnew Sl Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
laid WziiLLUl BxoHABSfl, at th« Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said Ooanty.— Satubdat, December 10, 1887. Agent for Mancheater—JOHK HKTWOOD.

Established

No. 51.— YoL. II. {s^H«S.} SATUEDAY, DECEMBEE 17, 1887.

./Price 3d.

\ Post-free, 3Jd.

CONTENTS.

American Florists, So-

Lilac, forced

7.i.i

ciety of

.. 765

Lord Hawke, the late ...

I'M

ATinals of Botany

.. 755

Mushroom spawn

7S7

Apiary

.. 701

Narcissus of Haworth ...

'/4,s

Athrotaxis in Britain

.. 749

National Chrysanthemum

Bfddiug out

.. 747

Society

7r.4

Bfffoma, the tuberous
Beigigue Horticole

.. 753

„ Dahlia Show

■|n4

.. 755

Obituary : —

Hooks—

Eyles, G

VM

l>ie Haselnu98 ...

.. 756

Odontoelossum + crista-

Forestry of West Afri

a 766

tellum

7-IH

Corrosive sublimate

n

Orchid naming

7.17

lawns

.. 757

,, notes and gleanings

747

Dean Hole

.. 754

Orchids at Liverpool ...

7.i.i

Dendrobium rutriferum

. 746

Phalienopsis Lowii

74li

„ Wardianmn

.. 747

,, Reguieriaua

74li

Drying flowers ...

.. 761

Plants and their culture

IM

Fertilising Moss at Gu

n-

,, certificated

747

nersbury Park ...

.. 757

Potatos, new varieties of

7.i.S

Florists' flowers ...

.. 756

Rhododendrons from

Flower garden ...

.. 751

Yun-nan

K-n

Forestry

.. 750

Royal Horticultural So-

France, a holiday m

.. 743

ciety

K?.

Fruits under glass

.. 751

Societies :—

Garden allotments an

d

Harpendcn

im

small holdings...

.. 750

National Chrysanthe-

Gardening appointmen

; 767

mum

760

Grafting, double...
Grape Vine, a huge

.. 750

National Rose

V«(l

.. 755

Royal Horticultural ...

7.iS

Grapes at Longleat

.. 748

Scottish Horticultural

71)1

Hardy fruit garden

.. 751

Solanum cornigerum ...

7.ili

Honey, Trebizond

.. 74a

Sudbury House, Hammer-

Hvbnds

smith

7.i7

Kitchen garden ...

.. 751

Tomato seed, cleaning ...

7.i7

Lathyrus species...

.. 757

Trees and shrubs

74S)

Le Notre

.. 748
.USTR

Vines and cold

ATI ONS.

767

Le Notre, portrait of

749

Phulrcnopsis Lowii

74.'i

Solanum cornigerum

75:)

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances wTiatever, can any
particular position he guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the "Gardeners' Chronicle" from, January 1
of this year are still to be had.

SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL

O SOCIETY.

NEXT TEAR'S SPKING and SUMMEK SHOWS of this
Society have been filed for M.iiiCH 23, and AUGUST 22 and
23, 1888. Schedules in due course may be had from

ADNITT AOT NAUNTO-S, Hon. Sees.

The Square, Shrewsbury.

Tbe Book for a Cbrlstmaa Fresent to Gardeners.

VINES and VINE CULTURE.
The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes
and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 55., post-free bs. 6d.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society. Chiswicl;.

CHRYSANTHEMUM, "MRS. C. CAREY."—
Latest and best pure White for Cut Bloom. Cuttings per
100 or lOOOonapplication.— W. GILL, Catel Nursery, Guernsey.

^CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Descriptive CATA-

\J LOGUE of 1000 new and old varieties considered worth
cultivation, with Cultural Directions, by E. Molyneux. written
specially for this Catalogue. Post-free four stamps.

ROBERT OWEN, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead.

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1886-7.—
Special offers of tested and selected varieties?, including
Marquis of Downshire. Seed for LIST.
WILLIAM HOLMES, Frampton Park Nurseries. Hackney, E.

MESSRS. STUAKT and CO.'S CATALOGUE
has now been posted. Customers not having received a
Copy will please write to

19, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

E

RRATA.— GARAWAY and CO.,

Durdham Down, Clifton, Bristol.

ROSES. Dwarf H.P., 53s. per 100 : see Gardeners' Chronicle,

ar. 19 and 26. and Dec. 3 and 10. For 6.3s. read 35s. per 100.

SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1888
will be rendy about December 19, price Is., post-free.
The finest \York of its cla^ss yet issued, and a very useful
Christmas present for all interested in Gardening.

SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

Garden and Flower Seeds, Spring Bulbs, &c.

He. G. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun.,
• Haarlem, Holland.

WHOLESALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on appHcatiou to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 2.5, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.G.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

-1-i bulbs, 4s., 6«., 9S., 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen; extra
strong, 30s. and 42s. per dozen. All other pood LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants. 536, King's Road. Chelsea, London, S.W.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completetl the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of GARDEN SEEDS, will be pleased to send Special
Offers of s.ame on application.

Seed Warehouse. Sleaford.

ISTLETO and CHRISTMAS TREES,

various sizes. Prices to the Trade on application.
RICHARD S.MITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

AIDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per dozen

bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TUDGEY. Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames.

PPLE TREES with MISTLETO gromng on

them, 7s.6(f., 10s. 6<f.. and Iris, each.— RICHARD S-MITll
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

ORCING SEAKALE.— Good strong Forcing

Seakale. Price on application.
D. S. THOMSON and SONS, The Nurseries, Wimbledon, S.W.

CQUELCH AND BARN HAM,

O North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN TO DIS-
POSE OF any quantity of MQSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily: Cheques weekly or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. P.eferenccs given.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

NUESERVMEN, SidcuD. and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, ore open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

Chrysanthemums— Clirysantlieniums.

WANTED, above, in quantity ; also
EUCHARIS, ORCHIDS, and every description of
choice CUT BLOOM. Highest Market Prices. Prompt cash.
Empties free.— WISE and RIDES. Covent Garden. W.C.

USCATS— MUSCATS— Gros Colmar, Gros

Maroc. Alicantes, &c. ; CUCU.MBEES, MUSHROOMS,
&c. Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and
well pacKed Fruit of the above.

WISE AND RIDES. Covent Garden. W.C.

ANTED, PLUM STONES, PORTUGAL

LAUREL and HOLLY BERRIES, in quantities.—
State price, per bushel or peck, to

J. S. RICHARDS, 9, Flint Street, Reading.

ANTED, Blenheim Orange Standard

APPLE TREES, in large or small quantities. Stems
must be straight, and at least 6 feet, -with good heads. Seud
particulars and price to

L. M. CASELLA, 47, Fltzjohn's Avenue, London, N.W.

w

ANTED, Fidler's Reading Giant and

Sharpe's Victor POTATOS. State quantity and price to
0. FIDLER, Merchant, Reading.

Now Ready,

THE GARDEN ANNUAL Almanac and
Address Book for 1888. The most complete and accurate
reference book for the use of all interested in gardens, contain-
ing Lists of the Horticultural Trade, the Principal Gardens,
Country Seats, and Head Gardeners in the United Kingdom, and
of the American Trade. New Plants, Fruits and Vegetiibles, and
much other useful information. Price, Is. ; post-free. Is. 3(f.,
of all Booksellers, Newsagents, and Nurserymen, or from the
Publishing Office— 37. Southampton Street, Strand, W.C.

White LUac.

WHITE ENGLISH LILAC, Forced and Sold by

KDROST, Kew Nursery, Richmond, S.W.,
• and 30, Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C.
Any quantity to be had at a minute's notice.
Teleghaphic Address— "DROST. RICHMOND. SUKHEY."

Lily of the Valley Flowers.

WILLIAM ICETON has a very large batch
of LILY of the VALLEY in Flower, which he offers at
low rate. Also some recently moved extra sized bearing
PEACH TREES from walls, on application.

Granard Gardens, Putney Park Lane, S.W.

Clearance Sale.

BULB.S for Spring and Summer Blooming.
All in iine condition. Prices greatly reduced. Price
LIST free on application.

BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

OR fine Specimen STEPHANOTIS FLURI-

BUNDA, also good young bearing PEACH TREES, late
varieties, to average 9f ft. in height, llj ft. in width, apply to
R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
ChamEerops excelsa, and Phcenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

BOUVARDIAS, bushy plants, in variety, in
48's, in bud and flower, 12s. per dozen.
ERICAS, in variety, in 48's, in bud and flower. 12s. per dozen.
PALMS, in variety, in 60's, suitable for Table Decoration,
12s. per dozen. Package free for cash with order.

JOHN STANDISH and CO.. Royal Nurseries, Ascot.

DIANTUM CUNEATUM.— A few thousand

to dispose of, very strong and healthy, in thumb-pots,
£7 per 1000.

WM. MITCHELL. Nurseries, Enfield Highway.

UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,

Hillegom. near Haarlem. Holland, beg to offer CIUONO-
DOXA LUCILI^ (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) Receive and
Dispose o£ any quantity of above at best Market Prices.
Boxes, &c., supplied. — Address, Commission Department,
HOOPER AND CO. (Limited). Covent Garden, London. W.C.

UONYMUS.— 20,000: all nice bushy well
grown specimens, 9 to 30 inches, 15s. to £7 per 100;
about 150 large ones, 3s. 6rf. to 5s. each.

J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm, West Brighton.

RY ROSES from a COLD CLIMATE.—

Unequalled for hardiness, strength, and fibrous roots.
Seventy-five First Prizes awarded this season at leading show,
England and Scotland. Send for CATALOGUES to

JAMES COCKER AND SONS. Rose Gr<

. &c., Aberdei

DWARF ROSES, extra strong plants, 80s.
per 100; strong bushy LAURELS, 12s. per 100 ; LONDON
PLANES for avenues, &c., 10 to 12 feet, £3 per 100; strong
Pvramid APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and DAMSONS, best
kinds, 40s. per 100.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

Natal, South Africa.

BULBS, TUBERS, ROOTS.— A Wholesale
CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ADLAM, Maritzburg, Natal.

738

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 17, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Monday and Tliursaay Next,

DUTCH BULBS The LAST SALhSol tlieSeaaon. Thousands
of named HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS,
and other BULBS from Holland, in lots to suit Large and
Small Buyers.

MESSRS. PROTHEEOE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C.. on MONDAY and
THURSDAY NEXT. December 19 and 22, at half -pastil o'clock
each day.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.

Last SALE of the Season at the City Auction Rooms,
38 and 39. Gracechurch Street. E.G.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
■will SELL by AUCTION as above, on TUESDAY
NEXT, December 20. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a very
fine assortment of CAMELLIAS. AZALEAS, and other
PLANTS, Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES,
Hardy EVERGREENS and CONIFERS, RHODODENDRONS,
CLIMBING PLANTS, DUTCH BULBS, &o.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues may be had at the
Rooms, or of the Auctioneers. 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C.

Wednesday Next.
6000 LILIUM AURATUM. from Japan ; 20.000 Double African
TUBEROSES. 30.000 Berlin Crowns LILY of the VALLEY,
2000 HELLEBORliS, 7000 Seeds of KENTIA WEND-
LANDIANA. just arrived in splendid condition ; a consign-
ment of SARRAl ENIAS, and other Plants, from New
.lersey; 2000 SPIRiEA JAPONICA, an extensive assort-
ment of English-grown LILIES (including extraordinary
Bulbs of many varieties) ; NARCISSUS, CARNATIONS.
PICOTEES, &c. ; Standard and Dwarf ROSES. GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, FERNS, and PALMS, for Christmas
Decoration.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms. 67 and 63. Cheapside, London. E.C, on WEDNES-
DAY NEXT, December 21. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

SACCOLABIUM CCELtSTE. Kchb.f.

THE BLUE SACCOLABIUM.

GRAND niPORTATION.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C,
on FRIDAY' NEXT, December 23, at halt-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, a grand importation of the lovely and rare SACCOLA-
BIUM CCELESTE, just to hand, in splendid condition, in
large masses, and strong plants, with fine foliage, and sound,
healthy roots. In describing this marvellously beautiful plant
in the Gardeners' Chronicle, Professor Reichenbach says : —
"One of the finest surprises I ever enjoyed." Its showy blos-
soms, which are produced on erect spikes, are of the clearest
sky-blue, the centres being dark blue, and very attractive.
AERIDES MITRATUM.

One of the most beautiful of all Aerides. and the rarest,
being very difficult to import alive. The flower spike is long
and fine, the flowers being of a most beautiful rosy tint, with
dark markings. The Sale will include a very fine importation of
the scarce and exceeding beautiful ONCIDIUM UNDULATUM.
Its blossoms are large and fine, the sepals chocolate-brown, of
a wax-like appearance, the petals being white, with bars and
spots of bright chocolate ; throat much expanded. It received
a First-class Certificate, April 27, 1886.

1000 ONCIDIUM JONi:SIANUM.
Magnificent importation.

A grand consignment just arrived of this valuable introduc-
tion. The plants now offered are in simply superborder, every
bulb being perfect, and some grand masses are amongst them ;
having been collected with the greatest possible care and atten-
tion. Oucidium Jonesianum is, without doubt, one of the
most valuable introductions. Its beautiful white and purple-
spotted blossoms are of considerable size, and produced on
branching spikes in great abundance, and on some of the plants
offered above a dozen spikes and more will be seen.

It has been admirably figured in the Reichenbachia, which
conveys an adequate idea of the beauty of its flowers.

Together with a fine lot of BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS.
On view mornine of Sile. and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
FLOWERING ORCHIDS. — SPECIAL SALE BEFORE
CHRISTMAS instead of the last Tuesday in the Month,

M'eSSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C. on FRIDAY NEXT, December 23. a large
quantity of ORCHIDS in FLOWER from various collections,
together with alxiut ,W lots of very fine ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS from a well-known private collection.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Monday Nert.-(Sale No. 7579.)
An immense assortment of Hardy BULBS and ROOTS, com-
prising a fine collection of Home-grown LILIES, DAFFO-

PINKS, and other Border Plants; SPIR^A PALMATA
and S. JAPONICA, and several hundred lots of first-class
Dutch BULBS. &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY' NEXT, December 19, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely.

On V

ting of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.-(Sale No. 7.'i8i.)
6000 grand Bulbs of LtLIUM AURATUM, L. SPECIOSUM
ROSEUM, RUBRUM, and ALBUM. L. AURATUM
EUBRO - VITTATUM, L. LONGIFLORUM, &c.. just
received from Japan in the finest possible comlitiou.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above
by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Oovent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, December 21,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 75si).

Choice named Standard and Dwarf ROSES, from well-known
English Growers; Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT
TREES, BORDER PLANTS in variety, several hundred
lots of DUTCH BULBS, 60J0 Berlin LILY of the VALLEY
Crowns, SPIRAEA PALMATA, and S. JAPONICA.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEX'T.
December 21, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

w

ANTED IMMEDIATELY, ON LEASE,

a SMALL NURSERY and FLORIST'S BUSINESS,
near good Provincial Town. Midlands preferred.

Apply. A. B.. 17, Park Street. Worcester.

Ground Wanted.

WANTED TO KENT, a piece of cheap stiff
GROUND, about 2 acres, within six miles of Richmond.
Apply, N., 41. Wellington Street. Stran.l. W.C

TO BE SOLD, a good going concern, in the
immediate neighbourhood of the Largest Manu-
facturing Towns in England, a SEED, FRUIT, and FLOWER
BUSINESS, with good Residence.

For particulars apply by letter to J. B., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

Sale of Wood on the Estates of Scone and Taymount,

by Private Bargun.

THERE WILL BE OFFERED FOR SALE,
within the " Royal George '• Hotel, Perth, on FRIDAY,
December 23. at 2 o'clock afternoon —

Lot I.— SCONE ESTATE.— In Druid Seat Plantation, near
Suildtown. 6770 TREES. SCOTS FIR, of 43 years' growth, all
Cut and Lotted. A large proportion of the Spars measure from
4 to 8 inches on the side, and the smaller class is fit for Mining
purposes. Pit Props. &c.

Lot II.— TAYMOUNT ESTATE.— In Douglasii Plantation,
about a mile north of Stanley Station, on the side of the road
to Caputh. 647 DOUGLASII SPARS. Cut and Lotted, suitable
for Temporary Sleepers, Mining purposes. Fencing, Pit
Wood, &c.

This is the first lot of any consequence of this valuable kind
of Timber that has ever been offered for Sale in Scotland.

Thomas Archibald, Forester, New Scone, will show Lot I.,
and Lawson Ross, Forester, Taymount, Stanley, will point out
Lot II.

Sealed Offers, for each Lot separately, will be received at the
"Royal George" Hotel. Perth, on FRIDAY, December 23, at
2 o'clock afternoon, by W. M'CORQUODALE.

The Exposer does not bind himself to accept the highest or
any Offer for either of the Lots.

Jennie Bank. Perth. December 7, 1887.

T°

LET, SMALL FLORIST BUSINESS,

ear Richmond. House and Shop. First-class position.

Walled

in ground, with Glass in rear. Long Lease.

A. B.,

2. Henwood Road, Gomm Road. Soutlnvurk Park. S.E.

To Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Others.

TO BE LET, by Tender, for a Term of Years,
with immediate possession. ST. GEORGE'S GAEDENS,
St. Anne's-on-the-Sea. The Grounds are well laid out and
arranged both as Pleasure Grounds and Market Gardens, and
comprise Vineries, Hothouses, &c.

Full particulars from WILLIAM H. NUTTER, St. Anne's-
on-the-Sea.

To Nurserymen and Florists.

TO BE LET, in densely populated locality,
large piece of GROUND, with Two lireenhouses and Pot-
ting Sheds. Good living for industrious Man. Rent £20.
Apply to Mr.ALKRED RICHARDS. LowerTottenham. N. (6202).

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
tural Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

Eoyal Parks, &o.— Grass Seeds.
''PHE COMMISSIONERS of HER

X MAJESTY'S WORKS. &c.. are prepared to RECEIVE
TENDERS for the SUPPLY of GRASS SEEDS for use in the
Royal Parks. &c., during the year 1888. Forms of Tender,
containing full particulars, may be obtained at this Office any
day excepting Saturday, between the hours of 12 and 3 o'clock.
Tenders are to be delivered before 12 o'clock noon, on THURS-
DAY, the 22nd instant, addressed to the SECRETARY,
Her Majesty's Office of Works, Sec, 12. Whitehall Place.
London. S.W.," and endorsed " Tender for Grass Seeds, Royal
Parks, Sec."

The Commissioners do not bind themselves to accept the
lowest or any Tender. „ .„ PRIMROSE, Secretary.

Her Majesty's Office of Works. &c..

12, Whitehall Place, S.W.— December 5, 1887.

RCOLLYER, Nurseryman, Cart House
• Lane. WoVing Station. Surrev. begs to offer about SOO
Dwarf ROSES on Manetti, price 22s. 6rf. per 100. Also
Standard ROSES. 80s. per 100, or 12s. per dozen, good sorts,
my own selection. Cash with order. Also good Half-Standard
Variegated HOLLY, all good specimen plants.

PANDANUS, 12 feet high from top of tub;
foliage spreading about 10 feet. Any one requiring
same will please make offer to

HEAD GARDENER. Headington Hill Hall, Oxford.

FOR SALE, CHEAP.
20.000 OAKS, 6 to 12 ft., 30s. per 100.
1000 CHESTNUTS, 10 to 12 ft.. 40s. per 100.
100 SYCAMORE, 14 to 18 ft., 60s. per 100.
60 LIMES, 12 to 14 ft.. 24s. per dozen.
THOS, HEDLEY, The Gardens, Putteridge Park, Luton, Beds.

9 000 000 SCOTCH FIR

^«( V/V/V^VV/V/ fGnarauteed Genuine Native High-
land).—2-yr. Seedlings. Is. 6rf. per lUOO, £-1 per 100.000. Trans-
planted, 8 to 18 ins.. 6s. per 1000, £28 per 100.000; 12 to 18 ins.,
6«. 6rf. per 1000, £30 per 100,000 ; 18 to 24 inches, 7s. per 1000.
£33 per 100.000. All other FOREST TREES extraordinarily-
cheap. PObt Samples Free, or 500 as Sample at price quoted.
WISEaMAN. Nurseryman. Elgin, N.B.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Othera

intending planting Shrubs and Treed. &c., thi^ Autumn.

ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call
attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES.
LIMES. ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £5 and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.
The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. S.W.

LARGE SHRUBS. — American Arbor-vitffi,
2 to 2i feet. 16s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 3J feet, 20s. per 100.
Aucuba japonica, 1^ to 2 feet. 30s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2^ feet,
40s. per 100. Berberis aquifolia, 1 to Ij foot, 50s. per 1000.
Box Trees, 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Grislinia litoralis. 1 J foot, 30s.
per 100. Laurel, Common, 2 to 2^ feet, 10s. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal. \^ to 2 feet. 20s. per 100. Laurel, Colchic, Ij to 2
feet, 10s. per 100 ; ditto. 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 4
feet, 20s. per 100. Laurel, caucasicum, 2 to 3 feet, extra, 20s.
per 100. Rhododendron ponticum. 1 foot bushes. 20s. per 100;
ditto, 1* to 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; ditto 2 to 2^ feet, 40s. per 100 ;
ditt3o, to 3^ feet, 70s. per 100. White and other colours, strong
and bushy. 70s. per 100. English Yews, 2 feet. 26s. per 100. Abies
Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100 ; ditto, 4 to 6 feet, 45s. per
100. Araucaria imbricata, \^U>2 feet, 24s. per dozen ; ditto,
2 to 2J feet. 36s. per dozen ; ditto, 3 to 3| feet, 50s. per dozen.
Cupressus macrocarpa. 2 to 3 feet, 50s. per 100. Cupressus
Lawsoni, 2 to 3 feet, 25s. per 100. Cupressus erecta viridis.
2 to 2^ feet, 35s. per 100. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 feet, 35s. per
100 ; ditto. 3 to 3^ feet, 18s. per dozen. Retinospora plumosa.
1^ foot. 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2^ feet, 30s, per 100. Retino-
spora plumosa aurea, 1 to IJ foot. 50s. per 100. Retinospora
squarrosa. 12 to 18 inches, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2J feet. 50s.
per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 3 to 2J feet, 20s. per 100 ; ditto. 4 to 5
feet, 12s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2 to 2J feet, 50s. per
100. Thuia dolabrata. 1^ to 2 feet, ISs. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 3
feet, 30s. per dozen.

GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer.

R U I T T R E E S!

10,000 VICTORIA PLUMS.
5,000 GISBORN PLUMS.
5,000 PRINCE OF WALES PLUMS.
5,000 FARLEIGH PROLIFIC DAMSONS.
20,000 of other good sorts.
20,000 PEARS, in 50 sorts.
40.000 APPLES, in 100 sorto.
Brompton, Brussels, aud Common PLUM STOCKS,
strong. 2-yr. wood.
Strong trained Morello CHERRIES.
Price per 100 or 1000, on application to
FLETCHER BROS.. Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey.

WGOHDON, Importer of Orchids from
• all parts of the world. An immense Stock of
recently imported plants compels a Sale of the Established
Plants to make room. These have not yet flowered, but are
all flowering plants, and must be sold at a great sacrifice.
Very valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great
bargains. See I*ublic Journals for high prices recently ob-
tained. The special offer affords a paying investment to anyone
with glass at command which should not be overlooked. Such
plants may never again be offered to the Public and the
Trade.

LILIUM AUR.4TUM, for Christmas presents. Fourth
arrival of 6000 bulbs, the best that money can buy, 4d..6rf.,
9rf., Is., Is. 6rf. Specially imported ne plus u/tra bulbs, 2s. 6rf.
each. Very liberal allowance to the Trade.

LILIUM ALBUM KRAETZERI. the most lovely white
Lily grown— throws seven to ten Howers, which sell in market
at 2s. per dozen ; beautiful and rare. Is. each, 10s. per dozen.

LILIUM SPECIOSUM RUBRUM CRUENTUM, the dark
form of this lovely Lily, most exquisitely marked, Is. each,
10s. per dozen.

F

id spotted, with gold band. All these lovely new and distinct
furms of Auratum, suitable for show purposes, very fine bulbs,

LTLIUM HARRISn. 10s. per dozen ; and all other LILIES
equally cheap. Bank-*ian Silver Medal awarded August, 1887.

'JAPANESE NOVELTIES. 80 varieties; IRIS, Tree
P.EONIES, aiAPLES, CAMELLIAS. AZALEAS. Please ,
apply for special offer to

ORCHIDS.

An immense Stock.
Thousands Showing for Bloom.

NEW CATALOGUE

or

ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

Free on applicutiun to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD k NURSERIES,
GABSTON, near LIVEBFOOL.

Decembkb 17, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

739

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(Established 1804.

BULBS.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000), '^^r'S^a'^^-

lbs. to '6<ijs. per dozen.

ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

4s. per J02en. 25s. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selectiou).

3 Planting. 4s. per 100.
, Forcing, 16s. to 25s. per 100.

CLEMATIS,

FRUITS (74 acres). anj liin^a' oi tree at low
prices.

SHRUBS, &C. (91 acres.) £v°e^^^ ?r1eI;

FLOWEKINO PLANTS (8s. per dozen. 50s. per 100),
FOREST TREES.

Famous Planting and Forcing Asparagus and Seakale.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an Immense amount of useful information, free on application.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Roots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try William CLIBRiJf & Son, who are probably in a
better position than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers these desirable conditions. Statenaents of this
class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way, a few facts aa to the progress of our
business may be named.

Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 2 acres of ground are now
covered with Glass and Buildings. Wages paid first year, about £250. to four men and a boy, now are JE5000 per annum
to over 100 hands regularly employed. Rent then, £36; now, near dESOO. Acreage at start, 6^ ; now, 85, and still increasing
and extending on all sides.

^VM. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NURSEBIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BOWDON ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,
have the pleamre to offer
Table Decorations.

PALMS, FICUS Er.ASTIOA, ASPIDISTRAS, grand plants

for standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured ; good

plants, for immediate effect, 18s., 24s., and 30s. per dozen.
SOLANUMS, full of beautiful berries. 9s.. 12s.. and 18s. per

dozen. The finest Stock in the North of England.
Winter Flowers for Indoors.
EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA. bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Sprays, &c.. 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POraSETTIA PULCHEKRIMA, scarlet h^Jds, 9s.. 42s. perdoz.
PRTMLILA SINENSIS, red and white'; and CDTERARIAS.'es.

per dozen.
BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12s. per dozen ; small. 4s. per dozen.
SRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Clumps of SPIR.EA JAPONICA, S. PALIIATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, Os. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing, 6s. per 100 ; clumps. 12s. and 15s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARIAS and OALCEOLAMAS.the finest strains.

Is. 6d. per dozen ; in pots, 2s.<od. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud, 12s. and 18s. per dozen.
AZALEA PONTIOA, 6s., 9s., and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS, 18s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a mass of buds, 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
PRETTY CYTISUS, 9s. and I2s. per dozen.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, the finest variety of all for large white

flowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and 30s. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, CANTERHURY BELLS, SWEET WIL-
LIAMS, SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, JfYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen, 50 for 3s. ,100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

AKABIS, AUBRIETIAS. DACTYLIS, white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS, PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNARIA
TOMENTOSA, ALYSSUM, Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

CATALOG

General Stock as under : —

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

DAISIES, red, white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 5s. per 100,

40s. per 1000.
VIOLAS and EEDDINO PANSIES, separate colours. Is. per

dozen, 6s. per 100.
PYRETHRUMS, strong clumps, 4s. per dozen.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the best

kinds, 3s. per dozen. 21s. per 100.

Roses— Rose3=Rose3.

DWARFS, from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid

Perpetuals, 6s. per dozen. 50 for 21s., 100 for 40s.
TEA SCENTED, in [lots, the best kinds, 15s.and 18s. per dozen.
STANDARDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees- Fruit Trees.

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds, 9s., 12s.. and 18s. per dozen.

PEARS, of the best variety. Standards and Pyramids, 6s., 9s.,
and 12s. per dozen; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s., 18s.,
and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. per dozen ; Trained, 18s.

and 24s. per dozen.
PLUMS, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. perdoz. ; Treined, 24s. per doz.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, 2s., 3s., and 4s. per dozen.
RASPBERRIES, FILLBASKET. Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sorts, 4s., 6s., and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boxes,

pots, &c., in beautiful little plants, 6s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens, &c., in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, 3s. 6d.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, aa broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATHS, lovely kinds. 3s. per doz.. 15s. and 20s. 100.
PLANTS for Hedges, Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet.

5s. to 15s. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from 15s. to .30s. per

1000 ; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100 ; HOLLIES,

for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

UES FREE.

VnS.. CLIBBAN & SOIT, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and 13, Market Street, Manchester.

THE GOHAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3|d. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 53 ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, SOs.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered. Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

"W. RICHABDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, SXItAND, LONDON, W.C,

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND

Donations and Subscriptions pro-
mised or sent.

TENTH LIST.

Donations.

Subscr

P-

£

,

d.

£

,^

d.

Crowley, P.. WaddonHouse, Croydon ...

5

d

0

Allen, W. C, Sleaford

0

5

0

Auvergne, Rev. E. F. D., Lindfield,

Sussex

0

10

0

Balchin, W., The Nursery, Hassooks'

Gate

0

5

0

Bentley, J., Fruiterer, Lincoln

o'

"i

0

0

5

0

Blathwayt, R. W., Sandy Downs, Lym-

ington

0

5

0

Bolas, G., The Gardens, Hopton Hall,

Wirksworth

1

3

0

Bridgman & Co., A., 108, Golden Lane,
E.C

0

10

6

Bruce, Lord Henry, M.P., 36, Eaton Place

0

10

0

Burton, W., sen., The Nurseries, Upper

Hoiloway

0 10

0

Burton, W., Jan., The Nurseries, Upper

Hoiloway

0

5

0

Call, Mrs. G., Lunt House, Lindfield ...

o'

io

0

Clark. B., Foreman, and Young Men,

Moor Park, Rickmansworth

0

10

0

Clarkson, J. C, The Gardens, Redale

Hall. Bedale

0

b

0

Coomber, W., Royal Botanic Gardens,

Regent's Park

0

s

0

Cole, Rev. A., Lockinge Rectory,

Wantage

0

10

0

Collins, H., Leopold House, Reading ...

1

6

0

Coward, J., The Gardens, Haverholm

Priory, Sleaford

0

6

0

Cutbush & Son, W., The Nurseries,

Highgate

I

1

0

D'Ombrain, Rev. H, H., WestweU

Vicarage, Ashford

0 10

0

Elliott, Sir H., Ardington House,

Wantage

1

0

0

Ewer, A. H., Richmond Cottage, Wal-

lington, Surrey

0

10

0

Eyre, E., The Gardens, Hasland House,

Chesterfield

0

6

0

Farrell, W., The Cabin, Lindfield

0

5

0

Foster, C, The Gardens, Meathering-

ham Heath, Lincoln

0

i

c

Francis, E, G., 69, Fulham Palace

Road, S.W

2

3

0

Gledhill, A., 21, St. James's Market,

Bradford

0

10

0

Goodacre, J. H., The Gardens, Eivaston

Castle, Derby

0

6

0

Graham, A., Royal Gardens, Hampton

Court

1

0

0

Griffin, O., The Gardens, Slebeck Park,

Haverfordwest

0

5

0

Harrison, T., jun.. The Nurseries, Lei-

cester

1

1

0

Hodges, J., Gardener, Great Walstead,

Lindfield

0

5

0

Hopkins, H.. The Gardens, Kington

House, Chippenham

0

5

0

Howard, Rev. H., BrightWaltham Rec-

tory, Wantage

0

5

0

Humphries, Mrs., Horsted, Keymer,

Sussex

0

5

0

Hutchings, J., Nurseryman, Rickmans-

worth

0

5

0

0

5

0

Jefferies & Son, J., The Nurseries,

Cirencester

1

1

0

Jeykell, Miss, Munstead, Godalming ...

0

10

0

Knight, W., The Nursery. Hailsham ...

0

10

0

Lawrence, J,, The Nurseries, Upper

Hoiloway

0

6

0

Long, M. C. A., The Gardens, Bloxholm

Hall, Sleaford

0

5

0

Lumsden, D., The Gardens, Bloxholm

Hall, Sleaford

0

6

0

Mallett, S., The Nurseries, Upper Hoi-

loway

0

5

0

McKerchar, J., The Nurseries, Upper

Hoiloway

0

S

0

Oldfield, J., The Gardens, Chirk Castle,

North Wales

0

6

0

** P. J." (per Mr. A. J. Brown, Lind-

field, Sussex)

1

0

0

Parsons, F., The Narseries, Upper Hoi-

loway

0

5

0

Phillips, J., Royal Nurseries, Harborne

Road, Edgbaston

0

5

0

Ravenhill, W., 324, Goldhawk Road,

Hammersmith

0

10

0

Ridsdale, J. , The Gardens, Nacton Hall,

Lincoln

0

5

0

Root, F. W., The Nurseries, Upper

Hoiloway

0

5

0

Smith, W., The Gardens, Oxenford

Castle. Dalkeith

0

6

0

Stevens. J. C, 38, King Street, Covent

Garden

1

1

0

Stevens, W., 21, Ashbrook Road, Upper

Hoiloway

0

5

0

Storey, 0., The Nurseries, Upper HoUo-

""^

0

5

0

Fiirt/ier Donations and Subscriptions v:ill be thankfully

received by

A. F. BAEEON, Honorary Secretary,

ROY-AL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS

CHI3W1CK. LONDON, S.W.

740

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeh 17, 1887.

J. GHARLESWORTH,

HEATON, BKADFOED,

ORCHID IMPORTER AND GROWER.

Large Stock of all Leading Sorts.
INSPECTION INVITED.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

E WING'S CATALOGUE contains short and
plain Cultural Notes, besides Descriptions and Prices of
the best Roses ; and in addition 2i pages are devoted to Orna-
mental Trees. Shrubs. Fruit Trees, Climbing Plants, Horti-
cultural Requisites, &c. It is forwarded post-free to applicants
on receipt of three penny stamps, or Gratis to Customers.

Abridged LIsT of low priceii carriage and package free col-
lections of high-class Ro^es. gratis and po^^t-free.
EWING AND CO.. Sea View Nurseries. Havant, Hampshire.

Cliiysantheinums.

MESSRS. W. AND G. DHOVER, growing
1000 Plants for Exhibition Bloom, can offer good Cuttings
of Plants. We have taken this season 42 Prizes and Silver
Medals; Certificate National. New Japanese. Maggie Mitchell ;
Certificates Birmingham. Southampton. New Japanese. W.
G. Drover. Mr. E. Molyneux. Mr. G. R. Petch. and other
noted growers very highly

CATALOGUES

Zd. each.

Nu

HARRISON'S General Seed CATALOGUE
for 1888 is now ready, and will be forwarded Post-free
on application. Customers who do not receive a Copy by
December 24, please inform us.

This Catalogue is arranged to meet the requirements of
Seedsmen. Market Gardeners, Farmers. Gentlemen, and
Amateur Gardeners. It contains all the most approved Novel-
ties in V'rgetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds, with much useful
information. Post-free on application.

HARRISON AN-D SONS, Seed Growers, Leicester.

ALM SEEDS.—Write for Special Offer to

the Trade, and samples, to
H. DAJIMANN, Jnn., Ereslau, Germany.
Fresh to hand now are Areca, Kentia, Phoenix, Ravenala,
Sabal. &c. ; also Araucaria imbricata.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of SWEDES. TURNIPS, MANGELS, and other AGRI-
CULTURAL SEEDS, will be pleased to send special offers of
same on application.

Seed Warehouse. Sleaford.

FRUiT GROWERS.

IMPORTANT.

AN I .11 M E N S E STOCK OF

HARDY FRUIT TREES

in every form and variety — pronounced

by competent judges

"THE BEST In the Kingdom."

(See Reports Chiswick Conference, &c.)

Prices most moderate.

CATALOGUES on application.

F. & A. DICKSON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN,
CHESTER.

FRIDAY NEXT.

SACCOLABIUM CCELESTE, Rchb. f.
THE BLUE SACCOLABIUM.

Grand Importation.

MESSES. PEOTHEROE and MOEEIS are instructed by Mr. F.
SANDER to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and US, Cheapsidi-,
London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, December 23, at half-past 12 o'Clook precisely, a grand impor-
tation of the lovely and rare SACCOL.-VBIUM CffiLESTE, just to hand, in splendid condition, in
large masses, and strong plants, with iine foliage, and sound, healthy roots. In describing this
marvellously beautiful plant in the Gardeners' C/tronirle, Professor Reichenbach says: — "One of the
finest surprises I ever enjoyed." Its showy blossoms, which are produced on erect spikes, are of the
clearest sky-blue, the centres being dark blue, and very attractive.

AERIDES MITRATTTM.

One of the most beautiful of all Aerides, and the rarest, being very difficult to import alive.
The flower-spike is long and fine, the flowers being of a most beautiful rosy tint, with dark
markings. The Sale will include a very fine importation of the scarce and exceeding beautiful
ONCIDIUM UNDULATUM. Its blossoms are large and fine, the sepals chocolate-brown, of a
wax-like appearance, the petals being white, with bars and spots of bright chocolate ; throat much
expanded. It received a First-class Certificate, April 2", 1886.

1000 ONCIDIUM JONESIANUM.

Magnificent Importation.

A grand consignment, just arrived, of this valuable introduction. The plants now offered are
in simply superb order, every bulb being perfect, and some grand masses are amongst them, having
been collected with the greatest possible care and attention. ONCIDIUM JONESIANUM is,
without doubt, one of the most valuable introductions. Its beautiful white and purple-spotted
blossoms are of considerable size, and produced on branching spikes in great abundance, and on some
of the plants offered, above a dozen spikes and more will be seen.

It has been admirably figured in the ReicJtenbachia, which conveys an adequate idea of the
beauty of its flowers.

Together with a fine lot of BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, IVIIODLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., coustruoUM on our improved plan, are ihe

perfection of growing liouses, and fur praLticiil ulility, economy. a,iid duriiliility Ciiuuot be equalled. We only do cue class of work,
and timt thk very dkst.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the asaiatance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success giiarantei'-d

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

}Haiis, Estimates and Catalogue.'; free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

UO DERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS.

Catalogues post-free.

Obtain Estimates from
ns before gning out
Orders.

Every requisite made
for Gardeners and
Grounds.

BOULTON & PAUL,

CONSERVATORIES, PLANT HOUSES, STOVE and GREENHOUSES, VINERIES,
PEACH HOUSES, FORCING HOUSES,

Designed in a Practical Manner. Beat Materials and Ii.rperienced Workmen. Estimates Free.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH.

HEATING

APPARATUS.

Lists post-free.

AWARDED

GOLD and SILVER
MEDALS,

Royal Horticultural
Show in London, ISSI.

Decembeb 17, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

741

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(EstabUshed 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING,

NOTICES OF ALL HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST,

EEPOETS of EXHIBITIONS, REVIEWS of BOOKS, and
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

Origiiial Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds,

may be named : —

ALPINE PLANTS :-

BACKHOUSE, J.

BALL. J., F.R.S.

THUKCHiLL, a. C. Clifton, BristoL

CORREVON. H., Gonova.

DEWAR, D., Kew.

DOD, Rev. C. W.

.TEXKTNS. E., Potter.

AMATEUR GARDENING r—

BADGEK, E. \X.

BOYLE, Hon. Mrs. E. V. B.

" S. BRIGID."

BRIGHT, the late H. A. ( ■• Notes

from a Lancashire Garden").
CLARKE, Col. Trevor.
EWBAKK, Eev. H., Ryde.
LOWNE, B. T.
OWEN, Mi^, KnockmuUen,
PHILBRICK, Q,C.

ASEORETUM :-

BARRON. W., Borrowash.
LAVALLEE, Alphonse, the late.
NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar-
dens, Kew.
S.IEGENT, Prof.. Boston, U.S.A.
WEBSTER. A. D.
YOUNG, Maurice.

BEE-KEEPING ■■—

CHEMISTRY :-

CHURCH, Prof., Kew.
DEHERAIN. Prof., Paris.
DYEK, Bernard.
GILBEBT, Prof., Bothamsted.
LAWES, Sir J., Rothamsted.
WARINGTON. R., Rothamsted.
WILLIS, J. J.

DISEASES OF PLANTS :-

ARTHUR. Prof., New York.
BASTIAN, Dr. Charlton, F.R.S.
BEIJERINCK, Prof., Wageninpen.

COOKE, Dr. M. C.
MURRAY, G., British Museum.
PAGET. Sir James, F.R.S.
PHXLIPPS, W.
PLOWMGHT, C. B., (Fungi).
SMITH. W. G.
SORAUER, Prof., Proskau.
WARD, Prof. Marshall, School of
Forestry.

FEEN8 :-

BAKER, J. G., Royal Garden-s, Kew.

DRUERY, C.

HEMSLEY. A.

MOORE, T., Botanic Gardens, CheUea.

FLOaiSTS' FLOWERS :-

DEAN, R.. Ealing.
DODWELL, E. S., Oxford.
DOMBRADf, Rev. H. H.
DOUGLAS, J., nford.
DOWNtE. J.. Edinburgh.
HORNER, Rev. F. D.
MOLYNEUX, E.
PAUL, G., Paisley.
TURNER, C, the Ute.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :-

ANDKE, E., Paris.

ANTOINE, F.. the late, Vienna.

BENNET, H., M.D., Mentone.

BERGMAN. E.. FerriSres.

BONA VIA, C, Lucknow.

CARUEL. Prof.. Florence.

CASPAR Y, Prof., Koenigsberg.

DE MAR. J. A., Bositon, U.S.A.

DRUDE. Prof., Dresden.

DUCH^UITRE, Prof.. Paris.

EICHLER, Prof., Director, Imperial

Botanic Gardens, Berlin.
FENZI, Car. E., Florence.
HANBURY. T., Mentone.
HFNRIQUEZ, Prof., Coimbra.
JOLY, C, Paris.
KOLB, JIai, Munich.
KRELAGE, E. H., Haarlem.
LANGE, Prof., Copenliagen.
MEEHAN, T.. Philadelphia.
MONTEIRO, Chev., Lisbon.
MORREN, the late Prof., Liege.
NAUDIN, C, Autibes.
NELSON, O. J., Orange Free State.
OLtVEIRA. J. D.', Oporto.
OLIVER, Captain S. P.. Madagascar.
PL.INCHON. Prof.. Montpellier.
PYNAERT, E.. Ghent.
REGEL, E.. St. Petersburg.
RODIGAS, E., Ghent.
SURING.Ut, Prof., Leyden.
TROUBETZKOI, Prince (Eucah-ptus).
VILMORIN, H. de. Paris.
WITTMACK. Dr., Berlin.
WOLKENSTEIN, St. Petersburg.

FORESTRY :-

BRACE. C. J., France.
FRANCE, C. S., Aberdeen.
MICHIE. C. Y., Cullen, Aberdeen.
WEBSTER, A. D., Carnarvonshire.

FRUIT CULTURE:—

BARRON, A. F.. Chiswick.
ELACIOIORE. R. D.
BUNY-AED, G., Maidstone, Kent.
CHEAL, J., Crawley, Sussex.
RIVERS, T. F.
WARD, E., Hewell Grange.

GARDEN BOTANY :-

BAKER, J. G., F.R.S.

BALFOUR, Prof., Oxford.

BALL, J., F.R.S.

BENTHAM, the late G., F.R.S.

BROWN, N. E., Herbarium, Kew.

BURBIBGE, F. W., Botanic Gardens.

Dublin.
CLARKE. Col. Trevor.
CLARKE, C. B., F.R.S.
COOKE, Dr. (Fungi).
OORNU. Prof. Mai. Paris.
DECAISNE, the late Prof., Paris.
DE CANDOLLE. A., Geneva.
DYER. W. T. T., Director, Royal

Gardens, Kew.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J. (Lilia,). [fers).

ENGELMANN. the late Dr. G. (Coni-
FRANCHET, Paris.
GRAY, Prof. Asa, Boston, U.S.A.
HEMSLEY, W. B., Kew,
HOOKER. Sir J. D., K.C.S.I., late

Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
JACKSON, Museum. Royal Gardens,

Kew (Eoonomio Botany).
LEICHTLDI. Max, Baden-Baden.
MAW, G. (Croons). [Gajdens. Kerv.
MOEHIS, D., Asdstanl Director, Royal

GARDEN BOTANY :-

NAUDIN, C. Antibes.
OLIVER, Prof.. F.R.S.
RIDLEY, H.. British Museum.
ROLFE, Royal Gardens, Kew.
SMITH, W. G. (Fungi).
STEIN, Breslau Gardens.
STRICKLAND, Sir C.
TODARO. Baron, Palermo.
WATSON. Sereno, Boston, U.S.A.

GARDEN INSECTS :-

MACLACHLAN, R., F.R.S., Pres. Ent.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS :-

BAKR. P., Covent Garden.
CREWE. Eev. H. llarpur, the late.
DOD, Rev. C. W.
ELLACOMBE. Rev. Canon.
ELWES. H. J.. Cirencester.
HARTLAND. Baylor, Cork.
PERRY, Tottenham.
POTTER. W., York.
WILSON, G. F., F.R.S.

INDU AND THE COLONIES :-

ADLAM. H., Natal.

BANCROFT. G., M.D., Queensland.

BENNETT, G., M.D.. Sydney.

BONAVTA, Dr.. N. W. P.. India.

COOPER, Sir Dan,, Bart., Sydney.

DUTHIE, J. F.. Saharunpore.

HART, J., Jamaica.

m THURN, Everard, British Guiana.

KING, Dr., Director, Royal Botanic

Gardens, Calcutta.
MACOWAN, Prof.. Cape Town
MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. V.,

Melbourne.
MURTON, H. J., Siam.
PRESTO, H., Trinidad.
SCHOMBURGK, Dr., Adelaide.
SJUTH. T., New Zealand.
SYME. G., Jamaica.
TEDIEN, H.. Ceylon.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING :-

ANDRE, E,, Paris.
BOSCAWEN. Hon. and Eev. J. T.
BURVENICH, F.. Ghent.
JACKMAN, J.. Woking.
JULIAN, G. Richards.

ORCHIDS :—

ANDERSON. J.. Meadowbank.
BACKHOUSE, I., York.
BRADSHAW, A., Waddesdon Gardens.
BULL. W.
BULLEN, E., Botanic Gardens,

Glasgow.
BUYSSON, M. Le (3omto.
CRAWSHAY, De B.
LAWRENCE, Sir Trevor, Bart.. M.P.,

President, Royal Horticultural Soc.
LEE, W., Downside.
LINDEN, Lucien, Ghent.
O'BRIEN, James.
PFITZEE, Prof., Heidelberg.
REIOHENBACH, Prof.. Hainburgh.
RIDLEY, H. N., British Mussum.
SANDER, F.
SMEE, A. H.

SWAIT, W., Howick House, Preston.
VEITCH, H.
WILLIAMS, B. S.
WOOLFOKD, 0., Doivnside.

PRACTICAL GARDENING:—

ATKINS. J.

AUSTEN. J,. Witler Court Gardens.

B.AILLEE, \V. M., Luton Hoo Gardens.

BAINES, T.

BAKER, G. [Oxford.

BAXTER. W. H., Botanic Gardens,

BLAIR, T., Shrublaud Gardens.

C.AJiMICHAEL, A. M., Henley in Arden.

CHALLIS, T.

CHRISTIE, A.. Warwick Castle.

COLE.MAN, W., Eastnor Castle

Gardens.
COOMBEB, J., The Hendre.
COOMBER, W., Regent's Park.
CROSSLING, R., St. Pagan's Castle

CULVERWELL. W., Thorpe Perrow.
DEAN. A. (Potatos, &c.).
DEWAR, D.. Royal Gardens, Kew.
DOUGLAS, J., Great Gearies, nford.
DUNN. M., Dalkeith.
EAELEY, W.. Ilford.
EVANS. A., Lythe HiU Gardens.
FINDLAY, B., Manchester.
FISH. D. T., Hardwicke Gardens.
FOWXER, A.. Castle Kennedy
FRASER, J., Kew. [Gardei's.

GIBSON, W. M. (Town Gardening).
GRIEVE, P., Bury St. Edmunds.
HARRIS. G., Alnwick Castle.
HEMSLEY', A. (Market Plants).
HUDSON, J. (Stove Plants).
INGRAM, W., Belvoir Gardens.
L'YNCH, R. J., Botanic Gardens,

Cambridge.
MiClNDOE. J.. Button Hall.
MELVLLLE. D.. Dunrobin Gardens.
MILES, G. T., Wycombe Abbey

Gardens.
MILLER. W., Ooombe Abbey.
MOORE. F. W.. Glasnevln Botanic
O'BRIEN, T. [Garden.

RICHARDS, G. H., Somerley (Jardens
ROBERTS, J.. Gunnersbury.
RUST, J.. Bridge Castle.
SAUL. M.. York.

SHEPPARD. J., Wolverston Gardens
SMITH, J.. Mentmore Gardens.
SMYTHE, W., Basing Park.
TEMPLE, M„ Carron House, N.B.
THOMAS, O.. Chatsworth Gardens.
THOMSON, W.. Olovenford (Vines).
WALLIS, J.. Keele Gardens.
WARD, E., HewellGrange. Bromsgrove.
WARD, H. W., Longford Castle

Gardens.
WATSON, W., Royal Gardens, Kew.
WEBSTER, J., Gordon Castle Gardens.
WILDSiaTH, W., Hcckfield Gardens
WILSON, D.
WILSON, G. F. (Lilies).

BENNETT. H.

D'OMBEAIN, Eev. H. H.

FISH, D. T., Hardwick, Bury St.

FISHER, Eev. O. [Edmunds.

GIBDLESTON, I. W.

PAUL, G., Cheshunt.

PAUL, W., Waltham Cross.

VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY :-

BENNETT, A. W.
BOULGEE. Prof.
DARWIN, Charles, the late.
FOSTER. Prof. Michael.
GARDINER, W., (lunbridge.
OLATSHlgR. James (Meteorology.X
HEN9L0W. Rev. G. '

742

THE GABDENEIiS' CniiONICLE.

[Decembee 17, 1887.

FOR FORCING.

AZALEAS, fine Ghent s

,, mixed Covered

., PONTICA I with

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA Buds.

RHODODENDRONS, fine named!

SPIBiEA PALMATA

A Ei-nernl assortment of NURSEKY STOCK, in the finest
possible condition, covering many acres ; one outlying piece of
Kerernl acres now beinp cleared, and great bargains may be
obtained. FRUIT TREES, Trained Pyramids, Standards, &c.

800 yard.s from Sunningdale Station, S.W.
Railway, one hour from London.

CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT.

Three Dai/s' Auction Sale this month.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATALOGUE, of over 1<300 species and varieties, including
Descriptive "List of Nfw, Rare, and Choice Ferns,"
and " Hardy North Amekioan Ferns." free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

Reduced Prices to meet Depression.

DE S C K 1 r T I V E C A T A E O G U E,
comprising fine transplanted FRUIT TREES. ROSES,
Hardy CLEMATIS, RHODODENDRONS. CONIFERS,
TREES and SHRUBS. CLI.MBERS, FOREST TREES, &c.,
free on application to

GEO. JACKWIAN & SON,

WOKIN'O NURSERY, SirRREY.

F R U I T T R E E S.
HUGH LOW & CO.

Invite inspection by intending purchasers of the
Tery large and fine stock growing at BUSH
HILX. PARK NURSERY, easily reached by
trains from Liverpool Street Station of Great
Eastern Railway.
Victoria Plums and Morello Cherries hq the 1000.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON.

STRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100;
ditto in large pots. 265. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGWORTH, HERTS.

THE BEST CELERIES.

HARRISON'S EARLY ROSE. — The most excellent early
variety, blanchea quickly, very solid, crisp, large size, and very
fine flavour. Per packet. Is. To the Trade, per dozen pkts., 6s.

HARRISON'S LEICESTER RED.— Acknowledged to be the
best for general use. Pronounced by the Royal Horticultural
Society as the best in cultivation ; very solid and crisp, nutty
flivour, and very hardy. Per packet. Is. To the Trade, per
dozen packet*?. Qs.

PEXGELLY WHITE.— The finest white variety, good size,
solid and crisp, splendid quality, very hand-*om?. Per packet,
Is. To the Trade, per dozen packets, 6s.

Each variety, Free by Post for 12 Stamps.

HARRISON fe SONS. Seed Growers. LEICESTER.

GENTJINE— RELIABLE.

JARMAN'S BULBS.

Collection Xo. :i, 1000 Choice Selected Flowering

Bulbs, in best varieties, 21s. delivered free.
Large Illustrated Catalostie sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

("UF-GIiTEREL)),

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY,

of its uoprecei^ented f

FRUIT TREES, WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING
PLANTS.

Of fine quality and immen.se numbers.

Lnspection Invited.

The Glass Structures oover an area of 283,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.

fRUITTRMs

INAMEHTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

J HHEAL^QONS

W a 1?^ Crawley, \3 Sussex..

><nv.

OREST, jfRUIT

hL ALL OTHER

ITREES & IftLANTS.

s«|,«t.«»^«il^«\

9^°^ ^v

Descriptive Catalogues Post Free.

Only to the Trade.

J. C. SC H M I DT,

NiirdPrymau nud Seedsman to Hn Majesty the

E R F U R tT ° GERM ANY,

CENERAT'TRKiAfALOCUE

')F SELF-GROWN BEST ERFURT FLOWER
AND VEGETABLE SEEDS.

nt moderate jJricb's, is now published, aiid will bo ftfr\^-arde3
pb?t-frtt} on applif^tioii.

ROSES and FRUIT TREES.
ROSES, Dwarf H.P., all the best varieties, our selection,
3ns. per 100. 50 for 205., 12 sent free by post for 8*.
ROSES, Dwarf Tea. from open ground, including Gloire deDijon,
Marechal Niel, and other pood varieties, 95. per dozeft.
APPLE TREES. Standards for Orchards. 18s. and 245. perdoz.
,, ,, Bushes, 6s. per dozen, 4fls. per 100.
.. ,, Pyramids, I2s., 18s., and 24s, per dozen.
FRUIT TREES. 12 assorted Dwarf-trained. 305. per dozen.
APPLE and PEAR TREES, 12 a-sortcd Pyramid. 185. per doz.
CURRANT TREES, assorted, Black, Red, and White, 25 6rf. per

dozen. 185. per 100.
GOOSEBERRIES, Warrington and other best named sorts,

2s. 6rf. per dozen, 18s. per 100.
VINES, strong planting Canes. Black Hamburgh and Muscat
of Alexandria, and others, 4s. each.
Terms ca^h. CATALOGUES on application.

CARAWAY & CO.,

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST EOSES,

The BEST CAMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c„

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHRUBS.

The BEST PAEK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUTT TREES and GRAPE VINES.

The BEST SEEDS, «tc..

May be seen and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAUL'S NURSERIES.

WALTHAM CROSS

(near " Waltham Cross" Station, Great Eastern Railway, haU
an hour from London). Prices as low as possible. Inspection
invited. Priced CATA LOG VES Free.

lERSFY FRUIT TREES.

W LA I % %^ Km. ■ Carriage Paid. Cordons a specialite.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORNIT
iND SON. High View Nurseries, who will send, carriage
paid for cash with order, FOKTY JERSEY ROSES fOr 21s.
Early orders secure extra strong plants.

CATALOGUES.

THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEBEFOBD

{Established 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,
FOREST TREES,
RHODODENDRONS,
CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers will be made for Large Contraets.

MARECHAL NIEL ROSES!

NICE I'LAXTS, in 5-inch pots, 4 to 6 feet
long. 15. and Is. ?id. each.

FINE PLANTS, in 7-inch pots, with 2 and 3

shoots. 10 to 12 feet long. 2s.. 2s. Hi.. 3s.. 3s. 6i., & Ss.each.

MAGNIFICENT PLANTS, in ]0-inoh pots,

with2and39hoct3. 12 to 15 feet long. Ts. (jrf. & 10s. 6ii. each.
The above cannot be s^trpcisssj.

The Company have also t
CLI.MBIXG ROSES in pots,
in pots, in great variety.

ndals<

£/.Sr ivitk fun fnrHr„^„r- on arpHcition.

The LIVEBPOOL HORTICULTtTRA];, CO.

aniTV CoWAU). Limited. The Vm>'vard and N'urseries,
OARBTON, near LIVERPOOL.

Decbubsb 17, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

743

BLACKBERRIES, for Gardens, Fields, Rail-
way Banks, &c. The most suitable variety for this country
is VERTEGANS' " BEST OF ALL," at 7s. per dozen ; 62s. id.
per 100. I can also supply ■■WILSON JUNIOR,^' at tis. per
dozen. 40s. per 100. Other varieties at 5s. per dozen, S.'is.per 100.
N.B. — All home grown. Carriage and Packing free.
For many other Novelties, Fruits, &c., not tobe found in any
other Catalogue, see Vertegans' Illustrated LIST of Special-
ties, gratis and post-free.

VERTEGANS. Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham.

MALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^;.—

Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 40s. per 100. Abies
Douglasii, 1 year. 20s. per 1000. Abies orientalis, 8 to 9 inch, 12s.
per 100. American Arbor-vitie, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 1000.
Cupressus Lawsoni, 12 to 15 inches, 60s. per 1000. Cupressus
erecta viridis, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000; ditto. 1 to IJ foot,
extra, 10s. per 100. Cupressus stricta, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per
1000; ditto, 1 to 1^ foot. 12s. per 100. Cedrus Deodara, 6 to 9
inches. 6s. per 100; ditto, 12 inches, 12s. per 100. Pinus
insignis, 1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus Cembra, 2 years, 10s. per
1000. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 years, 6s. per 100. Pinus excelsa,
1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis, 1 year, 6s. per 100.
Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches, 10s. per 100. Retinoapora
squarrosa, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 10 inches, 8s. per
100. Thuia Lobbii. 10 to 15 inches. 40«. per 1000. Thuiopsis
dolabrata, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto. 12 inches, fine, 12s.
per 100. Yew, English, 8 to 9 inches. 6s. per 100. Laurel,
Portugal, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Common Laurel". 12 to 14
inches, 35s. per 1000, Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inches,
50s. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 inches. 30s. per lOOO.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurserj-man. Stranraer.

PALM S, — A few hundreds, well-grovni,
strong and healthy.
Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans. Phoenix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high. Is. 6rf. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans. Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata,
Enterpe edulis. and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s.
per pair.

GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London. N,

Evergreen Hedges.— Evergreen Hedges.

EV E K G K E K N II E U G E S.

The three best Shrubs for forming Hedges ; —
THUIA LOBBII, 2 to 3 feet. «s. per dozen, 30s. per 100.
YEWS, English, 2 to 2J feet, 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100 : 2} to
3 feet, 10s. per dozen, 75s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per
dozen, 1.30s. per 100.
HOLLY, Green, 1^ to 2 feet, 5s. per dozen. 30s. per 100; 2 to
2J feet, 8s. per dozen, 50s. per 100 ; 2^ to 3 feet, 12s. per
dozen, 75s. per 100.
The above ar« strong, bushy, well grown, and have all been
recently transplanted, therefore will remove safely.

JOHN PERKINS A.-«D SON, Billing Road Nurscriee,
Northampton.

Telegraphic Address— " QOTCK." NORTHAMPTON.

FOREST TREES, &c.— Alder, 3 to 4 feet,
18.!. per 1000. Ash, 1} to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000; ditto,
a to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Beech, U to 2 feet, 14s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 18s. per 1000. Birch, 1 to IJ foot, 18s, per
1000. Spanish Chestnut, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Elm,
IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ;
ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ;
ditto. 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet, I7s. 6(f. per
1000 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to U foot,
8s. per 1000; ditto, 1 J to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 2J feet,
I2s. per 1000. Scotch Fir, IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000. Oak, IJ to
2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000. Piuus
austriaca, 2 years transplanted, iine, 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet,
2 to 2J feet, 26s, per 1000 ; ditto, 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore,
IJ to 2 feet, 13s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000.
Thorns, 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto. IJ to 2 feet, 15s. per
1000; ditto, 2 to 2' feet, 17s. 6^. per 1000. Special offers for
extra quantities.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer.

C^ARNATIUN, " GLOIRE DE NANCY."—

V-^ This lovely large white Clove-scented flower, larger
than the old Red Clove, more robust and freer. Every florist
should grow some of this for cut. The blooms are from
2 to 3 inches across, and pure white ; forces well. I have a few
thousand good rooted layers, at 25s. per 100; 50 for 15s. ; 25
for 83. Gash with order.

E. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willea-
den Junction, W.

HRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varietie.?, best

and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready. Is. 6rf. per dozen. 10s. per 100 ; plants in January,
2s. 6rf. per dozen. 16.5. per 100. W. E.'s selection cheaper.
Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mons. Delaui's graud set
of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with E&%ay on Cultivation, 2 stamps.

WM. ^/THERrNGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower. Swans-
combe, Kent.

OBBIE'S COMPETITOR'rf GUIDE.

1888 Edition.
For 25 years we have made the requirements of Exhibitors
and Competitors our special study, and our select strains of
Flowers and Vegetables are known to be un-iurpas^ed in the
United Kingdom. Our Guide, which extends to nearly 100
pages, is one of the most useful, original, and practical hand-
books in the Trade, and ought to t>e in the hands of every
grower, whether prof>'Ssional or amateur. A copy will be sent
gratis and po-^t-f ee Tin the Prst week of Jaiuifiry) to all who
apply for it before,thea.— DOEBLE and CO.. Rothesay.

TD0SES—I-t08ES— ROSES.— Our collection of

X.\i Hybrid Perpetual and Tea Roses embraces all the best
varieties, new and uld. The plants are hardy and well ripened,
and are sure to do well in almost any situation. Selections of
H.P.'s from 7s. per dozen. po3l>frce; do. Teas, from 145. per
dozen, post-free. Rose CATALOGUES post-free oa application.
DOBBTE LVD CO., Seed Growers and Florists, Soth»sav.

CARTERS' VADE MECUM for 1888. —
This valuable Guide to the Amateur Gardener is now
ready, price 1.^,. post-free and gratis to intending customers.
It contains 8 elegant coloured illustrations of Carters' Tested
Vegetables and Flowers. It is certain to be the handsomest and
most useful Catalogue of the year, and should be in the hands
of all Gardeners. — Seedsmen by Special Royal Command, 237
and 238. High Holborn. London. W.C.

pARTERS' DIRECT IMPORTATIONS.
ILIUM AURATUM.— The Finest Bulbs.—

Selected Bulbs of this charming hardy Lily are obtain-
able at the follow^ng low prices, direct from, the importers,
plump and sound as English-grown Roots:— Price is., 6s., '^s.,
]2s.. 18s., and 24s. per dozen, carriage free.

CARTERS', Seedsmen by Royal AVarrants to
H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.

To the Trade only.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND offers to the
Trade SEEDS in limited quantity of the following;
price on application : —
CAfiNATION, "WHITE ROSETTE," for Market Growers.
The finest White, and most floriferous sort grown, and
deliciously ** Clove-scented." Three plants presented with
quarter ounce orders for trial grounds.
PINK— the Clove-scented " Mrs. Sinkins."
PRIMULA obconica— selected.
NARCISSUS corbuluria conspi

LAING'S Seedlinf? CHRYSANTHEMUMS
(Japanese). — Agnes Flight, F.C.C., 2s. 6rf. ; Alba
fimbriata, F.C.C., 2s. 6rf. ; Alpha, F.C.C., 2s. &d. ; Bertha
Flight, F.C.C., 2s. &d.-, Evelyn, Is. 6<i. ; Mrs. J. Wright,
F.C.C., 2s. 6.; Mr. D. B. Chapman, F.C.C., 2s. 6rf. ; Mr. S.
Clarke. Is. 6rf. ; Mr. W. H. Burbridge, Is. 6rf. ; Rose Beauty.
Is. 6rf.; Stanstead White, F.C.C., 2s. 6d. These distinct
varietiesshould be added to every collection. Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE of all the best kinds in cultivation free on application.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Nurserymen and Seedsmen,
Forest Hill. S.E.

To the Trade.

SEED POTATOS.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to make
• special offers of their carefully selected stocks of
SEED POTATOS, raised on their own farms expreasly for seed
purposes. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

N S

VE R T E Ct
GARDEN NOVELTIES.
BRAMBLES for Fruiting. I RASPBERRT, Black Fruited.

BRAMBLES for Flowering. RASPBERRY, Golden Fruited,
BARE and beautiful Shrubs. HEBBACEOUS and Alpines.
BARE and delicious Fruits. 1 LAPAGEBIA alba and rubra.
Illustrated LISTS post-free.
R. H. VERTEGANS, F.B.H.S., Chad Valley Nurseries.
Birmingham. Telegrams—" ^'ERTEGANS, Birmingham.

pEREUS PERUVIAN US.— On Sale, one of

\J the finest Specimen Flowering Plants in England, 6 feet
hiph bv 12 inches in circumference. Enormous white sweet-
scented flowers. It is in perfect health. Price, £5 6s.

ECHINOPSIS rORMOSA.— One Grand
Specimen Plant. Over 30 years of age. In perfect
health and shape. Price, £6 tis.

Also Specimen ALOES, AGAVES, and YUCCAS.
JOHN ATHERTON. Cadley, Preston.

c

UT FLOWERS.

The Advertisers are now offering : —
LILY OF THE VALLEY,
ROMAN HYACINTHS,
CAMELLIAS, White,
Scarlet TULIPS,

EUCHARIS AMAZONICA— for Christmas, in quantity.
TURNER BROS., Green Hill Nurseries, Allerton, Liverpool.

^(\ i\i \t\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the
Ov^vUV finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-inch pots, 2s. 6a.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RIOHABD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers,
France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections
of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CA-
MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES,
&c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from
Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Hooour at the
LTniversal Exhibition at Paris 1878.

Orders muit be addressed fo Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL,
90, Lower Thames Street, London. E.G.

The New Raspberry,

LORD B E A C 0 N S F I E L D.
(A Seedling.)
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First-
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society,_1883.

Strong Canes, £3 per 100 ; 9s. per dozen. Smaller Canes, 6s.
per dozen.
Trade supplied. Ca.sh with order.

■ A. FAI'LKNOR. Inkpeu. Hungerfnrd.

To tlie Trade.
Home-grown VEGETABLE and FffiLD SEEDS.

HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to
• make special offers of their fine selected storks of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have
harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very
adTilntagfeo^lS to purchasers-
Seed Growing EstabV«hmfent, Wisbec'h.

As a Supplement

TO THE

Gardeners' Chronicle

FOR

Next Week, Dec. 24,

WILL BE

Published an Inlc-Pho tograph^

BEPRESENTIKG A

Flowering Branch

OF

EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS

(BLUE GUM).

THE

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1887.

A HOLIDAY IN SOUTHERN AND

CENTRAL FRANCE

{Continued from. p. 714.)

Bagnehes-de-Luchon'.

BY the sides of the railway, before reaching the
picturesque town of Bagneres-de-Luchon,
the fences for some distance consisted of cordon
Apples planted about 18 inches apart, and
made to cross each other at an angle of about
45°, by far the greater number being in good
health, nicely pinched in, clean and apparently
well cared for. A splendid avenue of Planes
planted one hundred years ago leads from the
railway terminus to the old town with its small
houses and narrow tortuous streets. Further on
comes the new town with its splendid buildings,
open spaces, and beautiful promenades. Luchon
as it is generally called, is situated at the head of
the valley of the same name, and is the most con-
venient spot whence to make excursions to the
Maladetta, to the Port de Vi5nasque, and other
mountains of the Central Pyrenean group. In
the garden of the Casino, prettily laid out and
nicely kept, we noticed a large bed of Begonia
heracleifolia bordered with blue Ageratum.
Another large mass was composed entirely of
Gaura Lindheimeri, The shrubs and trees here
were more or less repetitions of what we had prp-
viously seen and noted. No visitor to the Casino,
or indeed to Luchon, should fail to see the models
of the entire chain, and that of the Central
Pyrenees, on a larger scale, both executed
by L^zat, the engineer. The botanical
collections mentioned in the guide-books
do not appear to be very extensive, and
the fauna of the district is very poorly repre-
sented. The so-called " English garden " is a
piece of ground laid out after the English style,
with small lake, flower-beds, shrubberies, &c. ;
it, as well as the promenade, winding amongst

744

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[ErcEMBEE 17, 1887.

the Pine trees on the mountain side above it,
commands a series of beautiful views.

Lb Pic de l'Eniecade.
The road from Luchon leads through Beech
forests, in which we noticed a considerable
number of interesting plants. Shortly after
leaving the town and beginning the continuous
asoent a charmingly graceful Composite, Pre-
nanthes purpurea, with its slender, unbranched
stem and branched inflorescence of small purple
flower-heads, was conspicuous on the steep slope
of the wayside. This deserves to be cultivated
' in any English rockery or wild garden. Sweet
William (Dianthus barbatus) was a companion
plant, but we noticed no variation in colour, only
a deep blood-red, and the individual flowers, as
might be expected, were not nearly so large as
those produced by this old-fashioned, justly
popular plant in English gardens. Astrantia
major occurred in masses under the Beech trees,
and, in fairly open spots, the common Lmg and
the Whortleberry. Silver Fir and Spruce take
the place of Beech as the frontier of Spain is
approached, and the undergrowth is more sparse
in quantity, and limited in number of species, than
in the Beech forests. Quite close to the "Hospice'
large masses of Asplenium septentrionale were
observed in the clefts of huge blocks of stone in
the full sunshine. The extremes of temperature
to which these are subjected must be very great
under the burning sun, at the time of our finding
them, the rock was quite hot, whilst during the
night and early morning — even in summer — the
air is very cold. Leaving the " Hospice " the
route dwindles into a mule track, winding along
the sides of the steep treeless slopes clothed with
short wiry grass. In the lower portions the
large-headed Composite (Carlina aoaulis) and
Asphodelus albus are abundant, as well as the
English Iris previously noticed. Viola cornuta,
too, was conspicuous in patches here and there,
and a bit of bright colouring was afforded by the
Maiden Pink (Dianthus deltoides). Rhododen-
dron ferrugineum grows in quantity on the
sheltered sides of the stones near the cairn which
marks the division between France and Spain.
On the top of the peak there is a magnificent view
of the Maladetta, or Accursed " Mounains — a
granitic group whose utter desolation it is impos-
sible to describe. Every step here brings us to
something of interest in the way of plants. Dryas
ootopetala, Sempervivum arachnoideum, Globu-
laria nana, Arenaria grandiflora. Paronychia
oapitata, crustaoeous and mossy Saxifrages,
Erigeron alpinus, and a host of other things
growing out of the chinks of the rooks, which
only rise to a height of a foot or two above the
graas. Myosotis alpestris — to my mind the most
beautiful of all the Forget-me-Nots — and Daphne
oneorum, were growing out of the grass in company
with the Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)
Plantago maritima, AlchemiUa alpina. Eye-
brights, Veronicas, alpine Willows, Silene acaulis,
Juniperus nana, and a number of other plants,
any or all of which one might find on any Scotch
raonntain. Just under the peak there is a turf-
oovered hut with a little straw on the floor —
ibout thrice as large as a respectable dog's
kennel — half excavated in the mountain side ;
this forms the summer residence of a number of
Spanish herdsmen, not by any means prepossess-
ing in appearance, whose duty it is to guard the
cattle, which, so deceptive are distances, we took
for sheep shortly after leaving the Hospice.

To TocrLOCSB.

Near Carbonne we noticed a large number of

fine white Mulberry trees, but on inquiry we

found that silkworms are practically no longer
bred in the neighbourhood ; about a score years
ago disease attacked the worms, and the in-
dustry soon ceased. If anyone wishes to see
for himself what a change in the aspect of a whole
country-side can be wrought by insect agency
let him go to the neighbourhood of Toulouse
and study the Phylloxera question on the spot.
The large patches of peculiar pale yellow green
foliage here and there in the vineyards were
masses of Phylloxera-infested plants, v<hich
would, in all probability, not again produce
leaves. Patches, of various sizes, of naked dead
stems — where these could be seen through the
weeds which had been allowed to grow without
let or hindrance — showed the past progress of
the pest. The Vines about here were not staked,
and the vineyards in every way afforded a strik-
ing contrast to the scrupulous cleanliness and
vigour of those of the Medoo country. We
learned that such a state of affairs had
only sprung into existence since the advent of the
Phylloxera, many cultivators having been ruined,
and most having lost heart. Several inhabitants
told us gloomily that in a few years there would
be no more vineyards in France. Such a fore-
cast was doubtless made in good faith, and
founded on their own limited experience ; but
we afterwards learned in Paris, from official
sources, that very large areas have been planted
with Vines within the last year, and that if the
same rate be maintained for a few years longer
France will, as far as extent of vineyard is con-
cerned, regain her former position. In one low-
lying district near a good water supply, we saw
an attempt by means of several engines to sub-
merge the vineyard from water derived from one
of the small tributaries of the Garonne. The
never-failing specifics largely advertised on walls,
&c., had either not been much used in fighting
the Phylloxera, or had utterly failed. Near
Toulouse Fig trees of great size bearing large
crops of fine ripe fruit were to be seen in every

TouLonSB.

Volumes have been written on the history and
antiquities of this noble city, but all that the
reader may care to find about Toulouse from
these points of view can be found in the various
guide-books. My own notes on the subject of
horticultural interest are numerous enough, and,
I am afraid, too bulky for reproduction, so that
only a selection is here given. The Jardin
Royal, a public garden, beautifully laid out, and
perfectly kept, seems s triumph of landscape
gardening. It is a long, somewhat narrow paral-
lelogram, bounded on one side by a street of tall
houses, and on the opposite by a stately boule-
vard with four rows of Planes. The massing
system obtains, and fine effects are the result —
so different from the meaningless plan adopted
by so many English gardeners who place in the
same shrubbery a score different species in as
many yards. Under the massing system there is
no occasion to duplicate, and the consequence is,
that in an ordinary belt or shelter shrubbery
the visitor who takes any interest in the subject
is bound to make the entire tour. The orna-
mental water, which seems to be always present
in French gardens of this kind, is well managed.
It is divided into two sheets, the supply coming
in through a pipe hidden by Pampas-grass and
a tangle of Ivy and golden variegated Lonicera.
Bamboos and variegated Arundo Donax are
planted along the margin, and in the water itself
groups of Thalia dealbata, Pontederia cordata,
Payrus antiquorum and Sagittarias. The bridge
which crosses the neck oonneoting the two pieces
of water has its parapet formed of the backs of

the seats placed there, and beautiful curtains of
Wistaria on one side, and of "\'irginia Creeper on
the other, almost fill the arch. A fine mass of
Colocasia eaculenta, as fine, my companion in-
formed me, as any he had seen in the tropics,
was planted in a conspicuous spot, and not far
off a huge bed of seedling Petunias furnished a
glowing sheet of colour. Weeping trees in
groups. Willows, Birches, &c., were also planted
near the water. A few single specmiens were
dotted here and there ; among these was a very
fine Abies Pinsapo, Melia Azederach, Salis-
buria, &o.

Square La Fayette
is a good example of how much can be made of
a small piece of ground by a clever gardener.
The finest trees noted were a couple of large
deciduous Cypress, a pair of Salisburias, and a
tall Magnolia grandiflora. This latter tree was
not, however, met with in any place in as fine
examples as those in the Tours Botanic Garden.
Shade was provided by evergreen Oaks and
Paulownias, &c. A very pretty raised carpet
bed of succulents, &c., crowned by a large centre
plant of Dasylirion, occupied a conspicuous spot
near one of the entrances.

La Place de l'Ail,
or the Giarlic Market, an open space in which
were neatly piled huge heaps of Garlio (all roped
into strings by plaiting together the dry withered
necks), perhaps contained a larger quantity than
is cultivated in the whole of England. In the
South of France one frequently sees large fields
of Garlic. To show its importance, from a
culinary point of view, and to enable a stay-at-
home reader to form an idea of the differences
between British customs and those which obtain
in Southern France and Spain, it will be suffi-
cient to say that we saw infinitely more Garlio
than Potatos, the latter being offered in some of
the weekly markets by peasants whose entire
stock for the day's sale was often not more than
a peck.

Exhibition.

The large buildings, &o., forming the Exhibi-
tion were constructed in the Jardin des Plantes
— nearly opposite the Jardin Royal — one of the
most beautiful of the Toulouse promenades.
Machinery in motion, &o., had no charms for us,
particularly as we learned that the thermometer
in the section in question registered upwards of
100° Fahr. Luckily there was much to see in
the garden, and the following notes are an
attempt to select a few of the most interesting,
and compress them within reasonable limits.

First of all the carpet bedding must be noticed.
Although by no means advocates of this
system of garden decoration, my companion and
myself were much struck with it as seen at
Toulouse. The designs were larger and bolder
than any we had seen in England, and conse-
quently the plants could be allowed to develope
much more freely than is the case in the neat,
involved patterns so popular in the neighbour-
hood of London, where plants which would like
to grow 6 or even 12 inches in height, are
pinched and tortured every few days to keep
them from attaining more than 3 or 4 inche*.
The oonsequence was that at Toulouse the plants
looked much more natural and the colours ware
splendid, though, of course, the burning southern
sun would have much to do with the brilliancy
of the foliage tints. As it would be difficult
to describe any particular ajr&ngemeot with-
out drawing a plan, I pass on to other subjects,
simply stating that all the species, &c., of plants
used are to be met with any season at Hampton
Court or Hyde Park. Large single specimens of

746

TBE GAnDENEnS' CHRONICLE.

[bECEMBEB 1?, 1887.

Oleander were dotted here and there on the lawns
near the walks, and bore a profusion of blossom
such as is perhaps never seen in our comparatively
sunless clime ; the undergrowth to some of
them was Phlox Drummondi. A fine permanently
raised oval bed was made up of lines and figures
of different varieties of the large-leaved Euony-
nius japonicus, with a centre of Yucca aloifolia ;
the former were kept cut in to about a foot, and
the contrast in the colours was very pleasing. A
striking effect was prodnced by an oval bed about
1-") yards long with a centre of good strong dwarf
pyramidal plants of variegated Negundo and tall
dirk-leaved Cannas, with a margin of I'erilla.
At some distance from this bed, plunged out in
the beautiful lawn, was a group of large Phcenixes.
Another pleasing combination was formed by
Pampas-grass in the centre, then variegated
Arundo Bonax, variegated Eulalia, blue Agera-
tum, and an outer band of Stachys lanata.
Specially noticeable, too, was a noble group of
Yuccas (a good collection), and another of Agaves
exhibited by Dr. Besaucole, one of the municipal
councillors, who seems particularly interested in
ornamental gardening. A small Araucaria
imbricata was conspicuous by reason of its sur-
roundings— an undergrowth of variegated Ophio-
pogon with a broad margin of Saxifraga sar-
mentosa.

Good collections, in small plants, of orna-
mental trees and shrubs were exhiljited by some
of the local nurserymen, perhaps the most
numerous being the lot of Monnier et Fils. A
group, too, of pyramidal Piobinias — as far as habit
is concerned quite a counterpart of the Lombardy
Poplar — was interesting enough, this tree being
not often met with in English gardens. N.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

DENDROBIUM RUTRIFERUM, n. sp*
This is a Pedilonum. Its furron'cd stem is as
thick as a good gooseqiiiU. The raceme has a very
short rachis, covered witli a rather capitate umbellate
inflorescence. Bracts light ochre-coloured, triangular
acuminate, very small. Ovaries stalked, rather long,
rose-coloured. Sepals triangular blunt, rose, tfie
lateral ones extended into a longrathcrretuse pouch,
connate at its anterior b.ase, nearly half as long as
the stalked ovaries. Petals spatulate, rose at the
base, whitish at the blunt end. Lip ligulate-pan-
durate, with indexed borders, thus saccate at the
apex, where the borders are denticulate ; there is a
transverse emarginate linear callus in front of the
base. Androclinium tridentate. Posticous tooth
subulate, lateral ones broad, retuse, bidentate.
The flowers come very near those of Dendrobium
pleiostachyuni, but the saccate apex of the lip is
quite different. They might also be compared to
those of Dendrobium trichostomum, but that has no
transverse callus ; the upper borders of the lip are
flat, and the chin is much shorter. The flowers are
as large as those of Dendrobium secundum.

It comes from Papua, where its nearest allies are
to be found. It was kindly sent me by Messrs,
Linden, directors of L'Horticulture Internationale of
Brussels. H. G. Rvhh.f.

OdOSTOGLOSSUM + CnlSTATELLUSt, Uchh. f.

An unusually fine, really grand, specimen of this is
to be found in the collection of Mr. R. II. Measures,

» n^nirnUnm riitri/enim, n. sp.— (Podilnnum) ranlctlensum
Bulcato calamura anseriimm cni'^^o; pedunculo brevi urabellato
capitato 'niultinoroi bracleh triangulis minutis; mento
ploiijiato retuso ovarium itedicellatum diniidium a-iiuante ;
Bepalis trianptilis : topalis spatulatis obtusis; labelloligiilato-
paiidurato calceolari llmbis infleiig, ostio antico deuticulato,
callo tranaverso lineari ante basin; androclinii margine tri*
dentato, deiite portico subulato, dentibug lateralibus latis
bidentatis. //. G. Itckb.f.

The Woodlands, Streatham, S.W. I have at hand a
glorious raceme laden with fourteen flowers, which
are equal to those of a good Odontoglossum luteo-
purpureum ; the sepals and petals are not very broad,
but neatly undulate. The keels of the lip are very
well developed, tlie anterior laraellie being unusually
large. The plant itself is quite like a plant of
Odontoglossum luteo - purpureum. Odontoglossum
cristatellum appears to be very rare. I had it first
fiom Mr. W. Bull in 187S, from Messrs. .lames Veitch
& Sons in 1.S79, from Mr. Schneider, Manchester, in
1881 ; from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P ,
P.K.H.S., in July last; and now the richest of all is
bi'fore me. Xo two of all those fine peduncles were
(juite alike in the colour and shape of their flowers.
//. G. Ilchh.f.

PHAL-'ENOr:SIS Rkonieuiana, n. pp.*

This Siamese novelty was kindly sent to me by
Mons. Regnier, of Fontenay-sous-bois, Seine. It
m.ay be compared with Phalienopsis Esmeralda and
P. antennifera, about which I interpolate a few re-
marks. Phalrenopsis Esmeralda appears no longer
to be in existence in Europe. It is very well
characterised by its small cuneate, narrow, bhmt
acute leaves, by its delicate flexuose flower rachis,
and by a curious chin with a retrorse apex. Mons.
Godefroy-Lebeuf, the discoverer of the plant, has
expressed the same opinion, of course quite inde-
pendently.

Onr plant is much nearer the much stronger
and plumper Phalainopsis antennifera, which appeals
to be found in Cochin China as well as in ISirma.
Gi'eat doubts have been expressed by some of my
correspondents about the lost-mentioned habitat,
but I believe strongly in it. I obtained dried
Birmese flowers from Mr. Stuart Low, my oldest
English correspondent. Mr. B. S. Williams also
kindly sent me fine peduncles, distinctly stating them
to be of Birmese origin.

Our novelty has very thick acute leaves, at least
they taper so much that they must be acute, but the
two good leaves at hand have no apices. The two
peduncles I have bear from nine to twelve flowers,
equal to those of P. antennifera. Tliey are rose
coloured, with a fine dark purple column and a lip
that is nearly wholly dark purple.

The genuine character of the species is to be seen
in the lip, which is widely distinct from that of
Phalxnopsis antennifera. There are two rather
small white teeth in lieu of the antennoid processes,
and the blade of tlie lip is entirelv distinct. The
side-lacinix are triangular and small. The central
lacinia is much larger, oblong-lanceolate, apicu-
late at the apex, and much thickened underneath,
thus indicating an affinity with Phatenopsis Ludde-
raanniana, &c. The anterior part of tlie stalk is
white, as is also the small depressed threc-lobed
callus.

I have great pleasure in dedicating this plant to
Jlons. Regnier, who appears to have au inexhaustible
store of novelties. li, G. Bvhh. f.

CvPBiPEDicM " JIns. Canham," «. hijh.
This is a new and handsome hybrid, with much of
the general appearance of the one described a few
weeks ago as C. Charles Canham, and of precisely
the same dimensions. Like that, it is a plant of
considerable horticultural interest. Both were
acquired by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chel-
sea, from an amateur who raised Ihem, and they
inform me that the present one was obtained by
crossing C. superbiens with the pollen of C. villosum ;
thus it has an inverted parentage of the one pre-
viously described. Botanically speaking, that one was
C. superbienti-villosnm, this is C. villoso-superbiens.
Yet the two are by no means identical, although
singularly enough the influence of the pollen-parent
seems to preponderate in each case. The leaves of

• Plinhnwpns Rerinieriimn, n. sp.— Affiiiij Plialimop^idi an-
temiifiTir, lahelli angiisti unguiculati ungiie utrlnque miniite
unidentato; laminie laclniis lateralibus parvls trinugulig,
lacinia mediaaa oblongolancea npiculata, subtus incrassata,
callo depre330 trllobo in apice unguis.— Ex Siam, introduc. esc.
Kc,;iiier. //. G. hchb.f.

this are proportionally narrower and less dis-
tinctly tessellated, the upper sepal is more obtuse, and
the purple-brown markings much more pronounced,
and extending further towards the apex ; the numerous
spots on the petals of that are here absent ; the lip
is more like that of C. villosum, and more uniformly
coloured than that of the first-named hybrid ; but
most distinct of all is the staminode. In the former
hybrid I pointed out " the total absence of any appre-
ciable approach to the large and more elongated
staminode of C. villosum, with its curious tooth-like
projection," but in this one the staminode is larger,
and there is a bright green, very distinct projection,
as in villosum, though not so large. The interest
attaching itself to these points is the different way
in which the influence of the respective parents has
exerted itself in the offspring. The varnished ap-
pearance which is so apparent in botli reminds one
of C. TernixiumX, to which and C. HarrisianumX,
there is a somewhat general resemblance, which is
distinctly traceable to the viilosum parentage. A
more technical description it seems scarcely necessary
to add, though I may say that the upper part of the
dorsal sepal shades off through faint green to pure
white, and that the upper half of the petals is darker
than the lower ones ; the nerves of both being a
little darker than the ground tint. E. A liolfe.

PHAL.ENOI'SIS LOWII.

This Phahcnopsis was introduced and flowered for
the first time in 1862, when Messrs. Hugh Low &
Co. exhibited a plant of it at South Kensington. It
w,as shortly afterwards described by Professor Reich-
enb.ach. and a figure was also published in the
Botanical Maga:ine, t. o357. Usually this species
has leaves about 23 inches long, a slender unbranched
flower-spike about 8 inches long, bearing four or five
flowers. It is understood to be deciduous, and diffi-
cult to keep in health ; at Kew, however, it is
represented by plants which are much more robust
in every way than is usual in cultivated examples of
this species. An illustration of a Kew plant is given
at p. 745 (fig. 140). This specimen has been grow-
ing at Kew since 1884, when it was introduced from
Moulmein. The leaves are 4 inches long by l.t
inch wide, deep olive-green, tinged with purple, and
there are four or five on each plant.

This year the strongest plant bore a flower-
spike 2 feet 9 inches long, with three branches,
the longest 14 inches in length, and it produced
nineteen flowers. Last year the same plant bore a
spike 3 feet long, with three br.anches, but, owinc to
bad weather, it developed only fifteen flowers. There
ii a specimen of thisspeciescollected by Parish inI87o,
and sentto Kew, which isof still largerdimensionsthan
that figured here. Parish said of it ;— " This plant
had leaves (3 to 7 inches long, and bore two flower-
stems and twenty-four blossoms." Another remark-
able fact is, that the Kew plants are not deciduous
having at no time been without good healthy leaves
since tliey arrived in 1884. This proves, either that
there are two distinct forms of this species, one
deciduous, the other evergreen, or that it assumes
the former character only when forced to do so by
the conditions of its natural habitat, but under more
uniform conditions it is as evergreen as the other
kinds.

The treatment given to this species at Kew is
exactly the same as that which suits P. grandiflora,
&c., viz., a high stove temperature, atmosphere
always very moist, shade from sunshine, and water
at the roots all the year round, the sphagnum about
them being perfectly fresh and green now. The
plants are attached to Teak rafts, a little sphagnum
only being placed about the roots.

The flowers are 1.} to 2 inches in diameter, sepals
and petals white, faintly blushed with purple; lip
violet-purple, the two side-lobes slightly paler than
the central ones. The curious beak-like rostellum
has been compared to an elephant's trunk ; indeed,
I believe on this account Parish proposed the name
of P. proboscideum for the species ^vhen he first dis-
covered it. If*. Watmii. Kew.

hECEMBEK Vi, 188^.]

THE GABDENEIiS' CHRONICLE.

7i7

NEW PLANTS CERTIFICATED

BY THE KOYAL HOETICULTITRAL SOCIETT

DURING THE LAST HALF YEAR, 1887.

TTic foUotving received First-class Ccrti/icntes:^

Adiantiira Efgina H. B. May. Dec. 13.

Aeriiles expansum Leonid ... F. G. Tautz. June 28.

Asplenium soanciens Veitch & Sons, Aug. 23.

Aster (bouquet) rjri.m d il ( Vilraorin, August 23. (Straii

Rose 1 commended.)

_ ■ ., ■ |J. Lain)! & Co., July 12.

Begouin -wonis ) Veitch & Sons, Nov. 8.

alba magna r, Laing & Co., July 12.

„ Claribel

„ Edelwei*

„ Jubilee

„ Jupiter

. Laing & Co., July 12
Cannell & Sons, July 26.
J. Laing & Co., July 12.
J. Laing & Co., July 12.
J. Laing & Co., .luly 12.

,, Major Lendv Cannell & Sons July 26.

„ Mrs. L. Castle Cannell & Sons, July 12.

,. Perfection J. Laing & Co., July 12.

.. Frince of Oninge ... Cannell & Sons, July 12.

„ rosea compact^i J. Laing & Co., July 12.

„ Shirley Hibberd Cannell & Sons, July 25.

.. Snowball J. Laing & Co., July 12.

Berberis aristnta integripetala Veitch &. Sons, July 12.
Bouvardia President Cleve-
land Veitch & Sons, Oct. 25.

Ciilanthc Hall! W. Hall, Nov. 8.

„ sanguinaria Sir T. Lawrence, Dec. 13.

Carnation -iliee Ayres ... T. S. Ware. July 26.

,, Amber C. Turner, July 12.

.. Gravetye Gem J. Dickson & Sons, Julv 26.

„ Pink Malmaison C. Turner, July 12.

Catasetum Bungerothi ... Baron Schroder, Aug. 9.

Cattleya labiata leucophayi ... F. G. Tautz, June 28.

Chrysanthemum Ed. Audigier Veitch & Sons. Nov. 8.

., (.Japanese) L'Atricnine... W. Holmes, Oct. II.

.. leucanthemum semi-
duplex Saltmarsh & Son. June 28.

,. LordEverslev G. Stevens. Dec. I.'t.

.. Marie Ou\Riy \V. Holmes. Oct. 2.3.

.. (.Japanese) Mrs. J.

Wriglit G. Stevens. Oct 2.5.

.. Mr. R. Brocklebank ... T. Winkworth. Nov. 8.

., (.Japanese) William Cob-

b.-tt G.Stevens. Oct. 11.

Cvpripedium Harrisianum su-

perbum F. G. Tautz, Aug. II.

„ orphanonuu F. G. Tautz. Aug. 9.

,, priestans 51. M. Linden. Aug. 23.

.. superciliare Sir T. Lawrence. June 28.

Dahlia (decorative) Honr%-

Patrick T. S. Ware. Sept. 27.

,. (decorative) Zulu ... T. S. Ware. Sept. 13.

., (f incv) Frank Pearce ... Rawlings. Sept. 27.

„ (fancy) Plutarch ... Turner, Sept. 27.

.. (pompon) W. Carlisle ... C. Turner. Sept. 13.

.. (show) Glowworm ... C. Turner. Sept. 13,

., rshow) Lustrous C. Turner, Sept. 13.

.. (show) Olivia C. Turner. Sept. 13.

., (show) Purple Prince ... C. Turner. Sept. 13.

,. (single) Canterbury Tales Paul & Son. Sept. 27.

., (single) Maude Millett... T. W. Girdlestone. Sept. 13.

., (single) Miss Gordon ... T. S. Ware. Aug. 23.

.. (single) Miss H.HenMiaw T. S. Ware, Sept. 13.

,, (single) Mrs. Harry

Whitfield Paul & Son, Sept. 27.

Delphinium Britiinnia Kelway & Son. June 28.

., Cbarmont Kelwav & Son. June 28.

Deudrobium stratiotes Sir T. Lawrence, Sept. 13.

Epidendrum Parkinsonianum H. M. Pollett. July 12.

Gaillardia Admiration T. S. Ware, Aug. 23.

,, Vivian Grey Kelway & Son. June 28.

.. W. Kelwa>^ Kelway & Son, Aug. 9.

Gladiolus Bonavia Kelway & Son, Aug. 2:J.

,, Edgar Wild Kelway & Son. Aug. 23.

.. Halle Kelway & Son. Aug. 23.

„ .Tolm Dominy Kelway & Son. Aug. 23.

.. 3Iary Anderson Kelway & Son. Aug. 23.

,, Princess Royal Kelwav & Son. Aug. 9.

,. W. Roupell Kelway & Son. Aug. 9.

Habenaria militaris Sir T. Lawrence. Sept. 13.

Heuchera sanguinea T. S. Ware, June 28.

Hollyhock Scarlet Gem ... Webb & Brand. Aug. 9.

.. W.Archer Webb & Brand, Aug. 9.

Iris Acquisition Veitch & Sons, July 12.

,, Criterion Veitch & Sons, July 12.

„ Eclipse Gordon, July 12.

,, Exquisite Gordon, July 12.

,, Unique Veitch & Sons, July 12.

Iresine Colemani W. Wildsmith, Sept. 1.3.

LTslia Batemaniana Baron Schroder. July 12.

Marigold Lemon Queen ... Bobbie & Co.. Aug. 9.

.. Prince of Orange ... Dobbie & Co.. Aug. 9.

Nepenthes Curtisii Veitch & Sons. Sept. 13.

Nerine Manselli J. L. Manscll. Dec. 13.

Odontoglossum Harryanum ... F. Sander & Co.. July 26.

,, Schroderianum; Baron Schroder, Sept. 13.

,, Vuylstekianum macu-

latum Sir T. LawTence. July 12.

Opiismenus albidus Veitch & Sons, Sept. 1.3.

Paeony Glory of Somerset ... Kelw.ay & Son, Juno 28.

Primula Bridesmaid Cannell & Sons, Dec. 13.

Pteris claphamensis W. Soper, Dec. 13.

Phalrcnopsis Harrietie X ... Veitch & Sons, July 26.

Rhododendron Thetis Veitch & Son.s, Sept. 13,

Rose (Tea) Cleopatra H. Bennett, June 28.

„ Lady Alice Paul & Son, June 28.

„ Paul's single White Per-
petual Paul & Son, Aug. 9.

Saccolabium Heathi Baron Schro<ler, Aug. 9.

Schubertia grandiflora ... A. C. Bartholomew, Sept. 13.

Scolopendrium vulgare var.

crispata Smbriata ... F. W. &H. Stansfield. Aug.23.

„ vulgare Vallaisii Veitch & Sons, July 12.

Streptocarpus kewensis ?< ... Royal Gardens, Kew, July 26.

., Watsonix Royal Gardens. Kew, July 29.

Sweet Pea Mauve Queen ... Eckford, July 12.

., ,, Primrose Eckford, July 12.

,, ,, Splendour ... ... Eckford, July 12.

BOTANICAL CERTIFICATES.

Cirrhopetalum oniatissimum . F. G. Tautz. Oct 25.

Disacornuta A. H, Smee, Aug. 23.

Masdevallia cnlex Sir T. Lawrence, Sept 13.

FRurr.

Apple Beauty of Bath Cooling & Son, Aug. 9.

,. Bismarck Veitch & Sons, Oct. 11.

.. Gascoyne's Scarlet See<l-

ling Hon.&Rev.Boscawen. Oct. II.

.. Newton Wonder Pearson & Sons, Dec. 13.

Cherry Emperor FrancisJoic;ili T. Rivers & Sons. Aug. 9.

Pear Mdlle. de Solange ... Veitch & Sons, Aug. 9.

VEGETABLES.

Pea Exonian

.. Chelsea Gem

.. Grads

.. St. Dinthus
Potato Lord Tennysf

.. Day's Sunrise
Maincrop Kidney

R. Veitch & Son. July I.
J. Veitch &Son3, July I.
Laxton, July 1.
Holmes. July H.
Fletcher, Sept. 21.
Day, Sept. 21.
Johnson, Sept. 21.

.. Early White Be luty ... Webber, Sept. 21.

Tomato Horstord's Prelude ... Horseford & Pringle. Sept. 21.

.. Perfection Farquhar, Sept. 21.

.. Golden Queen William. Sept. 21.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

DENOROBIUAl WAliOIANUM AS A WINTEK-
BLOOMING PLANT.

Thk natural time for the above Orchid to bloom
is the spring, but by adopting a certain mode of
treatment it becomes an easy matter to have it in
bloom from now until the mouth of May.

As a clioice wintti" or spring flower this Den-
di'obium stands in the foremost place, and the wonder
is we do not And hundreds grown where there are
but scores ; and as for those who have the convenience
and do uot grow it at all, they are to be pitied.

There is scarcely anotiior ]>Iant grown in gardens
wiiich is so well adapted by its habits of growth for
extensive cultivation. It may either be grown in
pots or on rafts and baskets. If grown in pots it
will succet'd in any odd corner of the stove while
making its growth, and is content to occupy an
obscure place in the greenhouse or cool vinery to
mature its growths. If grown on rafts or baskets,
the plant may be suspended to the roof of any warm
glasshouse, where it will be quite out of the way
whilst making its growth, and when this is com-
pleted there cannot bt; a better place for resting thorn
than a cool vinery or Peach-house, where they are
exposed to much light and air.

Good useful free-flowering bulbs can be grown in
this manner, but to grow to perfection it will be
necessary to have suitable houses to grow the plants
in. It is oftnn a wonder to me that our commercial
cut-flower growers do not cultivate this plant in
larger numbers than they do, as, in experienced
hands, I am sure this Orchid could be grown to pay
handsomely. A stock of it may be purchased at
moderate cost, and it increases freely.

My first lot of plants is now (November 130)
coming in flower, and by introducing a few into heat
at intervals of a month or so, I hope to have a suc-
cession in bloom until May. I may explain that the
plants flowering now have been forced for a succes-
sion of years, and that the bulbs now in flower are
the result of early growth last winter, which was
early matured this spring. Had tlie flowers been
wanted earlier, I believe I could have obtained them
three weeks earlier. Those wishing to have earlv
flowers should begin by selecting their forwardest
bulbs as soon as the flower-buds are plainlv seen,
and introduce them into strong heat, when the flowers
are quickly developed, as well also as the growth, which
will flower in due course next year. By continuing this
method flowers may be had earlier every season. I
advise repotting the plants annually, if possii»le,
being careful not to over-pot them. The best time
to do this is as soon after the plants have flowered as
is practicable. T,

TRICHOS:\tA SCAVIS.

The flowers of this Orchid are both pretty and
Bweetly scented — characters which, together with its

neat habit and lasting qualities, ought to render it a
favourite with all Orchid growers, although at
present it is not widely cultivated or even known.
The genus is monotypic, and is nearly related to
Ccclogyne. In some horticultural works it is spoken
of as a " rare stove epiphyte;" I have found, how-
ever, that if grown in a stove the leaves soon become
spotted, and the plant generally unhealthy. It
grows on the Kh.asya Mountains, and like its npjgh-
bour, Vanda ctcrulea, requires cooler and more airy
treatment 'than is possible in a st'^ve. It succeeds
admirably, and flowers every autumn with unfailing
regularity if potted in flbry peat and sphagnum, and
placed with the Odontoglossums. The flower-sheaths
are apt to turn brown and dry during the summer,
but no notice need be taken of this, as it does not
interfere with the development of the racemes at
their proper season. Several plants are now flower-
ing at Kew. IF. B.

Odontjclossu-M RoEZLIt.

This is an Orchid that is showy during November
and December. A plant in this garden, growing in
an 8-inch pot, is now carrying thirty-five flowers.
The plant does well placed in the same house with
the cool Odontoglossums during the summer months,
and removed to the plant stove in early autumn.
The warmth of this house often goes down to 60*^'
during verv cold nights, J. Maync, Stowford Lodyc,
L:yhri,li,c. '

The Bkieiu, Cuisleiicrst,

Tlie collection here, whicli is being formed by
— Watts, Esq., is now looking remarkably gay for
the time of year. Amongst other things in flower
the following are a few which deserve notice : —
Cypripedium Harrisianum, C. porphyreum, and
others ; Calanthes in variety ; Saccolabium gigan-
teum ; Loelia anceps, L. autumnalis atro-rubens,
and a very pretty Uendrobium, having the name
palpebral attached to it ; in habit it somewhat
resembles D. Farmerii ; the petals, sepals, and lip
are pure white with yellow centre to the lip. It is a
native of Moulmein and Ceylon. There are fine
spikes of Oncidium tigrinum, Odontoglossum Ins-
leayi leopardinum, O. grande, 0. Alexandra;, 0. ma-
cranthum, O. aiirosum, Oncidium Forbesii, O.
pr»te.\tum. and Masdevallia Roezlii rubra. The
Phalienopsis, although small, are looking very clean
and healthy, and there is every appearance of a
good display of Cattleyas and Dendrobes in the new
year. W. Rohhins.

BEDDING OUT.

FoH a long time it has been the fashion to abuse
bedding plants and the bedding S3'stem, and, no
doubt, like all other things that take the general
taste, it was in many cases carried to extreme
lengths ; yet it is a question, after all, 'if we ever had
too much colour in the garden. I think the fault
was more in the arrangement than in the quantitv;
a mass of glowing colours in the centre of a grass
plot may be out of place and tiring to the eye, but
the same amount of colour blended with the shrubs
on one or both sides of the same grass plot might be
made to afford a continued pleasure. But for want of
knowing better, we first put them in the centre of
the lawn, in full view of the windows, and when we
became tired of the perpetual glare we discarded the
plants, and rushed to the border of mixed herba-
ceous plants for relief; but there is no more beanty
in the haphazard mixture there to be found than in
any other indiscriminate mixture of colours; but at
any rate we have gone from one extreme to another,
and become weary of both. Now, I take it that the
aim should be to t.ike all the good things that can
be found amongst suitable plants, and so use them
that the graceful foliage and varied forms of the
herbaceous plants shall contrast with the dwarf and
sometimes formal habit of many of the plants used
in bedding.

Relief and harmony can be obtained by the eroplor-
ment of shrubs which have fine fl»wers or beautifuj

■4R

THE GAh'DENEnS' CHIWNICLE.

[Dkcemcek 17, 1887.

foliage. We will suppose, for instance, a background
of Rhododendrons, in front of these some plants of
Acer Negundo var., several of Tritoma uvaria, and
Cactus Dahlias. In the front of these may run an
irregular band of the width of 4 feet planted witli
pink China Roses. Outside of this band let there
be groups of pl.ints of the variegated Pelargoniums,
the whole liaving a margin consisting of Viola Blue
Bell, or any other dark colour, between which and
the grass may be planted a row or more of Alter-
nanthera magnilica. In sucli a combination we have
a bed that will be a distinct feature in any garden
for four months of the year, yet two-thirds of the
plants are hardy, and require very little care or
attention during the cold season, when bedding
plants require so much. Among all the herbaceous
plants there are few kinds more useful for the deco-
ration of the garden than the Spirajas. Lindleyana,
one of the shrubby varieties, and also S. aria, should be
in every garden, for both flowers and foliage have
grace and prettiness. S. aruncus and S. palmata are
likewise of much use in beds. G. B. [When every gar-
dener makes himself acquainted with the wealth of
our gardens in hardy herbaceous ])lants, alpines,
flowering, evergreen, and deciduous shrubs and trees,
there will be no difficulty in making the garden less
monotonous, and consequently more enjoyable than
is now the case. Ed.]

Foreign Correspondence.

NARCISSUS OF HAWORTH.

In reference to the inquiry at p. 666 (Nov. 26),
I am in possession of a trade catalogue of the firm
of Whitley & Osborn, previously Whitley, Beames,
& Milne, of Fulham, near London, for the year 1846.
This catalogue, without prices, treating of her-
baceous plants, gives the scientific authority after
each name as is the custom in the catalogues of
BotJinical Gardens. There is at p. 9—10 men-
tioned a collection of Narcissus of sixty-five varieties
all named according to Haworth ; and as I have all
reason to su|)))osp named correctly. The whole collec-
tion of these Narcissus was at that time bought fi-om
the Fulham firm by my father, and introduced into our
nursery collection, where it formed the first stock of
the present collection, and w'here, with few excep-
tions, these sorts have been cultivated until the
present time from that same source. In late years
these Narcissus have been sent back to England re-
gularly in large or small numbers. J. H. Krelage,
Haarlem,

Tbebizond Honey.

Returning to this subject, which was mentioned in
your journal in vol. xx., p. 763, 188.3, I see that a
discussion has appeared in the PhannacetUicalJuttntal
and Tmnsaclions of November 12, 1887.

Reference is made to my reply in the Gardeners'
Chronicle, p. 821, to a question of Mr. Ale.x. Nesbitt at
p. 763. Mr. Nesbitt thought the plant which produced
the poisonous honey of Trebizond might be the Olean-
der (Nerium Oleander), and not the Azalea pontica.
To which I answered that the Oleander did not
grow on the Black Sea. The Rev. Wolley Dod also
contributed a very interesting note on the subject at
p. 793.

At the meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society, Mr,
Holmes thought I was mistaken in saying that the
Oleander did not grow at Trebixond, and Mr. E. G.
Baker, on the authority of Boissier's Flora Orknlalis,
agreed with him, and added " that species of Rhodo-
dendron were known to grow at Trebizond."

There is but one species of Rhododendron at Tre-
bizond, the R. ponticum, which forms a high under-
growth in woods, but which also grows independently
on the sides of hills, forming a dense copse ; and
the Azalea pontica grows in the same sites. And
the two plants are found both mixed together and
in separate patches.

But I repeat, that going .as I did from Malta,
where the Oleander is a common plant, I never saw
it on the Black Sen, although I know Batoum, Tre-

bizond, Cuich, Samsoon, and Sinope, and was in the
habit of of ascending the river courses and streamlets
in quest of pheasants and woodcocks, and thus knew
all the grounds favourable to the growth of the plant
had the climate been warmer.

Where I did find the Oleander in Asia Minor was
on the plains between the Taurus and the Medi-
terranean. Descending on my way from Kaissariah
to Adana by the well-like gorge of the Kulek
Boghaz (in Turkish meaning Bucket Pass), I could
trace the streams for miles over the plain by the
pink ribbons formed by fringes of Oleanders on their
banks. But where they grew was a very different
climate to that of the Black Sea. With them, on
the upper dry stony plain, were the Camel Thorn
and gazelles ; and lower, in the rich swampy fields.
Cotton, Sugar-canes, and Francolin partridges. The
Date Palm also here first appeared. All these
belong to flora and fiiuna of a climate where frosts are
rare.

Mr. Consul Biliotti has started another theor}-.
He says : — "It is presumed that the poisonous
principle contained in the honey is gathered by the
bees from the flowers of Datura stramonium, which
grows in abundance on the coasts ; beehives are,
therefore, only remunerative for their wax." If by
presumed he means the opinion of the natives, he is
piistaken in the pKant, as the people in the country
attribute the poisonous qualities to the Azalea pon-
tica, and, as a matter of fact, in the neighbouring
districts where the Azalea does not grow, as at Sam-
soon, the honey is innocuous. I do not believe that
Datura stramonium is to be found at all at Trebi-
zond, unless possibly as a plant escaped from gardens,
and I am led to the extraordinary conclusion that
Mr. Biliotti has mistaken the Azalea for a Datura !
He is also in error that beehives are only remuner-
ative for their wax, as I have already shown that the
honey is commonly used after the poisonous proper-
ties have been evaporated by fire-heat.

The non-poisonous honey from Trebizond I have
no doubt is derived from the ui>per districts farther
from the sea coast, beyond the region of the Azalea
and Rhododendron, as they only ascend to a certain
height, the great mountain chain, which, rising from
the coast, forms the first of the great steps upon
which is reared the high Armenian plain. H. J.
Jloss, Castagnoh, Lastra a Signa, November 25.

LE NOTRE,

" PROB.iBLT the most celebrated French gardener
that ever existed," is the judgment of Loudon on
this famous landscape gardener. Le Notre was
born in Paris in 1613 : he was the son of the
king's gardener, who destined his boy to be an
architect. An architect he became, in a different
sense from thatwhich his father intended, and in due
time he succeeded his father as superintendent of the
king's gardens. According to our present notions
formality and grandeur were leading characteristics
of Le Notre's style, but it was a formality charac-
terised by none of the pettinesses and extravagances
sometimes associated with formality. Le Notre's
work is .always remarkable, as Andre well remai'ks in
his Trailc General, for dignity and proportion. If
he does introduce architectural features it is in sub-
ordination to the 'landscape effect ; if he does in-
dulge in knots and beds and intricate parterres, it is
alw.ay8 done appro])riately. Hence, now, when these
minor matters have disappeared, and only the main
lines of his work remain, there is still left the
impression of a great designer, with whom details are
subordin.ate to principles. The parks at Versailles,
St. Cloud, Chantilly Vaux-Praslin, and a number
of other creations in France, were the work of Le
Notre. The success of the artist at Versailles led
to his being solicited to make designs for the parks
at Greenwich, and elsewhere in this country. St.
James's Park was originally jjlanted under his
direction. His style, essentially based on geo-
metry, is more fit for parks in the vicinity of
towns than for those remote from habitations. A
circle or an ellips? with straight avenues radiating

in various directions, would be too formal in the
midst of the country, but in association with archi-
tectural features it is appropriate enough.

If the avenues themselves be formal and mono-
tonous in their furnishing, there is space in the
intervening plantations for a selection of such trees
and shrubs as may be suitable or agreeable to the
fancy of the owner ; while in the smaller areas there
is ample scope for the parterres and flower beds, the
mazes and the summer-houses in which many take
delight. Terrace gardens were a great feature of
Le Notre's work wherever circumstances permitted,
as at St. Germain's, and it must be admitted that
when well proportioned and not extravagantly frit-
tered they add much to the dignity of the mansion.

The portrait of Le Notre, for which we are in-
debted to Mr. Rothschild, is characteristic of the
age — formality indicated by the outlines of the heavy
wig. intricacy of detail in its curls I The age of
Louis XIV. was indeed .an age in which grandeur of
idea was associated with elaboration of petty details,
to use no harsher expression. Le Notre was ennobled
by Louis XIV. and died in 1700.

GRAPES AT LONGLEAT.

Owing to the prominent position which the Long-
leat Grapes have occupied at the metropolitan and
leading provincial fruit shows daring the last few
years, a few remarks respecting the Vines and the
treatment which led to such satisfactory results
m.ay be both interesting and useful. The vinery in
which the Grapes in question are grown, is a
span-roofed house, 220 feet long. 30 feet wide, and
proportionately high. The air is admitted through
the front sashes, which are regulated by machinery
from the central pathway, and through a ventilating
lantern-roof, the top of which has an angle of about
35°, which corresponds with that of the roof.
This range, in the three compartments, runs north
and south, each division having been planted with
four Vines, one in each corner of the house between
the pipes and the front wall, and the rods trained
horizontally, from which suflicient canes to fill the
house, at 5 feet apart, are trained up under the roof
to a curvilinear-shaped trellis until they meet a con-
siderable distance underneath the apex. The main
stems of these Vines, which have been planted about
nineteen years, are from 20 to 24 inches in circum-
ference, but the individual rods and fruit-bearing shoots
proceeding from these are by no means over-strong.
A fact worthy of speciiil notice in connection with the
Longleat Grapes is, that in every case the largest and
best finished branches were located on the Vines im-
mediately over the front hot-water pipes, thus plainly
showing that the largest and best matured buds were
situated on the lower extremity of the Vines, and
within the immediate influence of the heat radiating
from the said hot-water pipes, which are liberally
supplied to the house both in the front and on either
side the central pathway, and these are efficiently
heated by two of Weeks & Co.'s upright tubular
boilers set side by side, but it is seldom necessary to
work more than one boiler at a time. I may state that
one division of this spacious vinery is planted with
Bl.ack Hamburgh, one (the middle division) with
JIuscat of Alexandria, and the third with Mrs. Pince,
Lady Downe's. Alicante, and Gros Guillaume. These
and other varieties are also grown in lean-to houses
in another part of the gardens. The Black Ham-
burgh Vines, in the big house Mr. Pratt, the Marquis
of Bath's head gardener at Longleat, allows to start
naturally, afterwards keeping them back as much
as possible until about a fortnight before they
come into flower. Then the temperature is raised
to 05° at night, falling to 60° by the morning ;
rising 5° higher when tlie bunches are in flower
with a corresponding rise in the temperature by day
with fire-heat. The Muscat-house is started the
middle of March, and is given a minimum tempera-
ture of 75°, when the bunches are in flower, the
bottom and top ventilators being left open a little
day and night until a good set is secured. After
which time the night temperature is lowered to 70° ;

Decembeu 17, 188T.]

THE GAnDENERS' CHRONICLE.

'40

the whole surface of the borders in all the vineries
after tlie Grapes are set and when the weather is not
dull, is damped over with tepid water about 10
o'cloclc in the morning and again just before shutting
up the Iiouses in tlie afternoon, when the tempera-
ture is run up to 90° with sun-heat. The Vine
borders are well dressed with Thomson's Vine
Manure, which is forked into the borders before the
Vines are started in spring, when sufficient tepid
water is given to moisten the entire mass of soil and
roots ; and after the Vines have pushed into leaf and
until the Grapes are ripe, applications of warm w.iter
are given at the roots once a fortnight, including
liberal supplies from the farmyard drainage-tank,
into which a quantity of lime is put, the whole being
well stirred before being used.

The only difference in the treatment of the Black
Hamburgh-house and the one containing Black
Alicante and other late Grapes, is that the latter is
s'arted about the middle of March, the former being.

in the year, viz,. Black Hamburgh, Muscat of Alex-
andria, Madresfield Court, Alnwick Seedling, Gros
Colmar, Buckland Sweetwater, Foster's Seedling,
and Muscat Hamburgh, and which Vines he intends
fruiting next year.

In conclusion, I may say that a new feature at
Longleat is the getting together within the last two
years of a grand lot of Pines of Smooth Cayennes,
Queens, and Rothschild, the plants promising well
for ne.\t vear. //. W. W.

TREE8 AND SHRUBS.

THE CRAB AS A LAWN TREE.
I (jniTE agree with those who place the Crab in
the list of ornamental trees, as it is extremely charac-
teristic in its habit, and is well suited for secondaiy
positions upon the lawn. A well-grown Crab has

LE NOTRE. (See p. 748.)

as already stated, allowed to start naturallv towards
the end of April. With regard to the weight of the crop
which these Vines ripen, I may say that 300 bunches,
of the average weight of 3 lb,, have been cut off the
four Hamburgh Vines, and about 350 bunches of
Muscat of Alexandria, of a like average weight, have
been taken off a like number of Vines ; and what
surprises most gardeners is that such small wood
should bear and ripen such large bunches, consist-
ing of large, even, and superbly coloured berries.
The i\Iuscats are admitted by all gardeners who have
annually seen the Grapes at Longleat to be better
this year than they were any previous year. And in
support of this we may say that Mr. Pratt took 1st
prize everywhere he staged Muscats this year, with
one exception, when he was a good 2nd — viz., Shrews-
bury, Salisbury, Taunton, Weston-super-Mare, Bath,
Frome, Manchester, Bristol, the Aquarium, London,
and the Crystal Palace. This unprecedented success
fairly entitles Mr. Pratt to the title of " Champion
Muscat Grape grower," until at least some one more
successful than he can lay claim to the title. Mr.
Pratt planted a house this last spring with Vines of
the following varieties, raised from eyes raised early

many lines of beauty in the conformation of its
branches and smaller twigs, especially when it
assumes a drooping form. There are some standard
Crabs in the hedges near here which, if transferred
to ornamental grounds, and properly isolated, would
produce a capital effect, even at this season. What
they are in full leaf and bloom we all know ; at any
rate, for some weeks in the spring these Crabs form
one of the most beautiful sights hereabouts. D. J. Y,

Athrotaxis in Bbitain.
A very interesting chapter in the history of this
curious Tasmaniau genus was'given at pp. 724, 725,
with figures of each of the three species. It was there
pointed out that these trees are eminently suited for
a milder winter climate than that experienced in the
greater part of England. This is certainly the case,
as is abundantly demonstrated by their splendid
development in Ireland. That the three species
should be established in the British Islands at the
present time is very interesting, but what is still
more i-emarkable is the fact — now, I believe,' fully
established — that they, or two of them at least, were
at one time genuine natives of Britain, now reintro-

duced, after a long absence, to their ancestral home.
This m.ay read like a chapter from Baron Mun-
chausen, but facts are often stranger than fiction,
and this may be put down as a very sober fact.
Some distance back in the geological series, in what
is known as the Eocene period, somewhere about a
million years ago (more or less) the flora of Britain
was very different to what it is to-day, and the fossils
of this ancient flora have recently been the subject
of an extensive memoir by Mr. J. Starkie Gardner,
F.L.S., entitled, A Monograph of the British Eocene
Flora, published by the Palajontographieal Society.
Here Mr. Gardner remarks ; — " There is now no
representative of the fast-diminishing Taxodieoj in
Europe, nor within 5000 miles of Great Britain ; but
then every genus was represented within its area, for
we not only had the Glyptostrobus of China, but the
gre,at deciduous or swamp Cyprus of Florida. Both
types of Sequoia seem to have formed part of our
Eocene flora, although some of our Eocene foliage
is merely placed in the same genus with the Cali-
fornian Redwood on account of the resemblance it
bears to Sequoia. We had, however, two'undoubted
and beautiful species of the genus Athrotaxis,
never previously found fossil, and now exclu-
sively confined to the far-off island of Van Diemen's
Land, nearly 12,000 miles away. Further and re-
peated examination has confirmed the opinion that
the Sheppey form is practically indistinguish-
able from Athrotaxis selaginoides, while the
exquisitely preserved llardwell specimens are
identical with Athrotaxis cupressoides. While
these were flourishing in England the well-known
Cryptomeria of Japan was thoroughly estab-
lished in Ireland and Scotland." This opinion of
one of our most accomplished geological botanists is
certainly well borne out by the numerous facsimile
drawings of the fossils (branches with attached
cones) in question. Speaking of the Conifera: which
flourished during Eocene times, the history of which
can be deciphered only by a study of their fossil
remains found preserved in the rocks of the period,
he observes, that " in some cases the fossil and tlie
living plants are, so far as their organisation is com-
pared, unquestionably the same species ; " and that
" for all practical purposes their identity might, in
some cases, be as safely admitted as that of a verte-
brate animal from its skeleton, or a mollusc from its
shell." This ancient vegetation, then, is of a very
interesting character, and if only a portion of it can
be thus restored it will enable us to compare the
floras of these two widely scattered intervals of time
with each other, and with the floras of more distant
regions. The question cannot be better related than
in Mr. Gardner's own words. Of the fossils of the
period he remarks : — " If among them there are few
strange and extinct types to marvel at, we must at
least become lost in wonder at the extraordinary
plant migrations they disclose, and the great changes
in the relative positions of land and water, and of
climate, necessary for such migrations to have been
practicable. The time is not yet when we can dis-
cuss profitably what these changes must have been,
but at a future time we may be in a position to do
so. We shall only show that, during the vast lapse
of time known as the Eocene, what are at present
the shores of Great Britain supplied a common home
for genera and species of Conifera3 which now only
inhabit the remotest parts of the earth."' So much
for British Eocene Conifers generally. To return to
the genus Athrotaxis, we find that the genus has
an ancient as well as a modern history, and this fact
cannot but heighten the interest with which we
regard them, even as ornamental trees. The history
of their wanderings from Britain to Tasmania, and
the adventures they met with on their way, has yet
to be written, if. A. Bolfc, Kcw.

Hafodunos.
In Mr. Sandbach's Pinteum at Hafodunos are
many fine trees at 1000 feet altitude. Abies
Albertiana is of large size, indeed the first specimen
in this country is supposed to be there. The
Umbrella Pine is the largest and healthiest I have
seen ; while Pinus muricata is 0 feet 8 inches in

750

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Dkcembee 17, 1887.

girth. P. aristata also does well, while Abies mag-
nlfica is granil, ami Cephalotaxus pcdunculata fasti-
giata shows well its peculiar habit. Tlie Umbrella
Pine, I forgot to sav, lias produced botli male aiul
female cones for some years, and there are u
number on it at present. IF,

POLYQALA CHAM.13B0X0S PCIiPOfiEA.

Yesterday morning, and again to-day, we had 12°
frost here, with a thin covering of snow that fell tlie
previous day. I was much interested in observing
the impunity with which this pretty dwarf shrub
bore the severity of the weather. A tuft about
12 inches in diameter is full of flower, and tliere are
many buds yet to open. Not a leaf or blossom
shows the least sign of injury from the cold. At
noon to-day the effect of the blossoms of briglit
purple with yellow centres glancing between the
partially melted hoar-frost resting on the evergreen
foliage was very pretty, and so different from the
forlorn appearance of most plants in our borders
when overtaken by frost and snow. /. S. Gray, Yurk
Nurseries, No v. 17.

GARDEN ALLOTMENTS AND
SMALL HOLDINGS.

Although ridicule of a very ungenerous kind did
8)raething towards checking the aspirations of those
who desired a couple of years since to improve the
position of the labourer by means of small holdings
and allotments of land for agricultural and garden pur-
poses, yet so irrepressible is the subject that the
present Government carried through Parliament
during last session an Allotment Act, the object of
which is (under somewhat difficult conditions) to
place garden allotments, not exceeding an acre in
e-ttent, at the disposal of the labouring population.
As explanatory, in a very clear and comprehen-
sive way, of the provisions of tliis Allotment Acts
o( 1887 we have to commend a very instructive
pamphlet, entitled How to Ohtain Allotments,* from
the pen of Mr. Corrie Grant, of the Middle Temple,
and which gives to inquirers in admirable fashion,
all needful information, short of what a study of the
Act itself affords. Here it is shown how the
sanitary authorities (Local Boards or Boards of
Guardians) in any district have been made the local
authorities for the purposes of this Act, and how
the working classes are to set in motion the needful
formula to ensihle them to obtain tlie desired allot-
ments. The authority, unhappily, is about the worst
that could have been devised, because in nine cases
out of ten composed of persons out of harmony
with the labouring classes. That fact is partly
recognised by Mr. Grant, and facts are every day
showing that only superior power will compel boards
of guardians in many districts to face their new
responsibilities.

So universally is it agreed that a widespread
addition to our cottage gardens in some shape or
other is needful that it is needless to argue as to the
good which must result from the Act if fairly and
liberally worked. All we can say is that if there are
any persons who may wish to help its operation in
their districts, they can hardly do better than obtain
one of Mr. Grant's pamphlets. A somewhat more
sentimental and ambitious project is found in the
pamphlet entitled A Sclieme for KstaUishimj
Small Holdi>iffS,i by Mr. James A. Adams, a gentle-
man who claims to have risen from the position of a
mere field labourer. We, nevertheless, cannot sub-
scribe to all his conclusions, although his kindly
motives lift his paper above criticism.

Mr. Adams is, as we all are, deeply concerned in
the terrible competition for existence which is going
on in our towns, and also in the continuous drifting
of the labouring population from the land to the

» /you' to OUtiin Allotmmts. By Corrie Grant. Mid.llrt
Tempi,-. (The National Press Agency, M, Whitetriurs Street,
Fleet Street, E.C.)

t A Sc/ume for t/te Ettalilishment r.f Small HoUtngs. By
Jumea A. Adams. (Alexander & Sbepheard, Lonsdale Build-
ingi, 27, Cliwiier)- Line, W.C.)

towns, promoting poverty and distress ; and he pre-
sents his antidote in the form of suggestions to form
large areas of small or three-acre Iioldings, with cot-
tages attached in divers parts of the kingdom, even
proposing that tlie Government should start the
scheme.

This will be regarded as socialism with a vengeance,
and shows where all our efforts at national redress
of poverty are leading us. The scheme is a con-
tribution towards the solution of a great problem,
whicii seems to be more marked by good intent than
by practical suggestion. With the author's estimate
of the importance and value of sp.ade labour on the
soil we heartily agree ; indeed, there can be no doubt
but that the garden cultivation of land as compared
with ordinary field cultivation doubles its produce at
once.

A very interesting though somewhat egotistic
story is found in Mr. .1. H. Boddy's Britain's Needs
ani lieiM'dies,* in which the writer sets forth his
very remarkable experience in the cultivation of
tU acres of land at Land's End, Cornwall. Readers
of this pamphlet will perhaps allow sometliing for
the colouring natural in a man of sanguine tempej-a-
ment, and something for the extreme south-westerly
position of Land's End, which gives climatic advan-
tages almost analogous to those found in the Channel
Islands.

Mr. Boddy early in life went to Canada, but not
finding a Paradise there returned to his native
Cornwall, and there, on that small plot of land,
]>roceeded from time to time to erect vineries and
other glasshouses, to produce wonderful Grapes,
and other products, even securing the acceptance of
some of his fruits by the Queen, the story of which
royal condescension is told with considerable unction
and satisfaction. Had more of this pamphlet been
occupied with a record of Mr. Boddy's methods and
operations, and less with crude talk about national
difficulties, it would have had greater interest for the
gardener. Garrulity is, however, seldom practical.
Whilst Mr. Boddy seems to recommend that a
remedy for all Britain's ills is to be found in the
following of his example, he forgets that thousands
of such acres and halves would soon render his little
holding profitless. After all, we want the land to be
producing food in abundance first, and then luxuries
may follow. It is the unskilled labour question just
now which needs solution.

Forestry.

DOUBLE GRAFTING.

We are glad to receive from M. Charles Baltet a paper
concerning a practice far too little employed in this
country. The late Jlr. Ilivers was alive to its utility
in cei'tain cases, but very few persons now practise
it. It is just one of those things that should be made
the subject of careful experiment, on a large scale,
in an experimental garden like that of Chiswick.
All Pears, for instance, will not succeed on the
Quince stock, but by grafting on the Quince a suit-
able Pear the desired variety can subsequently be
engrafted on the Pear. The intermediate, or primary-
graft should, as M. Baltet points out, always be of
strong constitution and moderate degree of branch-
ing. The fruit of these double-grafted plants is
usually of superior quality.

Of Pears which will not succeed on the Quince
(unless by the intervention of double grafting), M.
Baltet mentions Arbre CourliiS, Beurri? d'Apremont,
Beurri Bretonneau, Beurre d'Angleterre, BeurrS de
Luijon, Broompark, Delices de Lovenjoul, Doyenn^
Goubault, Kaont Sarah, Grand Soleil, Madame
Cliandy, Mario Louise, Sucr(5e Troyenne, &c. — sorts
many of which are not well known in this country.
By grafting on to the Quince at the ground level a
hardy variety like Beurre Hardy, the desired variety
can afterwards be grafted or budded on the first
scion. The practice is also recommended where it is
desired to obtain tall standard varieties with a clean
stem and good head.

Wet Soils and Tkee Giiowth. — 'That the amount
of moisture in soils has a considerable etfect upon
tree growth is generally admitted, but I have never
seen any especial comment upon the way in which
fiat and imperfectly drained land acts upon the pro-
portion of sap-wood and heart-wood. The following
are the facts in relation to an Oak wood with which
I am well acquainted. In looking through the
fellings of the last two years I was much struck
with the very much larger proportion of sap-wood on
some of the trees than on others. To all appearance
the trees are of the same age, and the soil — a stiff
clay — is the same throughout. The only dif!'erenee
apparently is that a portion of the drift where the
fellings occurred is upon a northerly slope, and the
other portion is upon a dead level, with little or no
outfall. A closer investig.ition showed that the sappy
and on the whole larger trees had come from the
slope, and that the timber with the most heart-wood,
though not generally so large, had come from the
level at the bottom of the drift. In a conversation
subsequently I called the agent's attention to these
facts, and the only conclusion we arrived at was that
at which I have already hinted, viz., that the wetness
of the soil was the chief cause of such a marked
difference. Assuming this to be correct, it clearly
points in the direction, where possible — especially on
strong retentive land — of giving preference to a
sloping site for establishing woods and plantations.
On the level and consequently wet soil, the growth
is much slower, or at any rate the trees prematurely
cease to increase in size, whereas on the slope the
growth is relatively rapid, and still continues. It is
certain that planters cannot always pick and choose
their sites, but where there is a choice I believe the
foregoing facts are worth attention. There is also
another aspect of the case, viz., that foresters would
do well, before finally settling upon their periodical
cuttings, to test the maturity of the timber in the
various sections of the woods by felling a tree here
and there, and duly noting the proportions of sap
and heart-wood. If there is but a thin band of sap-
wood, as a rule there need be little hesitation in
cutting, but if the quantity of sap-wood is at all
large it may be taken that the timber is still making
good progress, and that it will be unprofitable if cut
in such a stage of its growth. D. J. Yco, Li/nehaui,
Wills.

* Britain's Needs and Remedies. IJy Jolm Hartley Boddy.
(.Unrtickltural Times. 127, Strand, W.C.)

Plants and Their Culture.

BouvAUDi.As. — I see a question has been asked
respecting Bouvardias. There is no better time than
the present in which to begin preparing for next
season, by selecting a few strong plants of each
v.iriety, and placing them in a cool house, where
the soil in the pot should be allowed to get dry
gradually, and the plants thereby rested for a few
weeks; at the end of that time they should be cut
back and subsequently placed in a stove, Cucumber-
house, or a similarly heated structure ; the soil kept
moist and the plants syringed daily. Cuttings will
be freely produced, and if taken when about 2 inches
in length, inserted in small pots (prepared in the
ordinary w.ay for cuttings), and put in stove heat
under a hand-light, or similar appliance, will soon
take root. A mistake in the culture of the Bou-
vardia is sometimes made by deferring its propaga-
tion until late in spring, and thus shortening its
season of growth.

Daphne mdiea. — Notwithstanding the fact that
this is one of the sweetest of scented flowers, it is
seldom met with in private gardens in good con-
dition. It is naturally somewhat sparse of foliage,
and being also a scant rooter it usually thrives best
where confined to rather small, well-drained pots, in
a compost of fibry peat and light loam, in equal
parts, liberally mixed with sand. It is also
impatient of free watering. Its value when in
blossom in the conservatory can scarcely be over-
estimated, where its delicate odour and pretty white
flowers are always appreciated. Although this
Daphne generally grows most satisfactorily when
confined in small pots, I can call to mind seeing
some large healthy plants growing in a border in an
old-fashioned conservatory, where such plants as
Eutaxias, Magnolia fuscata, Khyncospermums, Aca-
cias, Myrtles, &c., were prized occupants. Here it
blossomed profusely, but was not permitted to get
disfigured by having its flowers cut.

December 17, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHliONICLE.

751

Anthuriitm Dechardli—lw this we have an easily
grown species not so commonly grown as some of
the more showy varieties, yet deserving of more
notice than it usually receives. It is easily increased
in the spring-time by suckers, which quickly form
plants sufficiently strong to produce spathes ; these
are cream-coloured, and are effective in the winter
time. We have this plant in good condition at the
present time in one of the stoves, and the perfume
from the spatlies pervades the house during the day ;
it is singular that scent is not emitted at night.

Glon^ra Jasmi/iijlora. — This desirable plant should
be found a light position in a warm stove, and must
not be suffered to become very dry at the root, as
this would result in a check that would injuriously
affect its flowering. When in blossom it should be
kept in an atmosphere that is rather dry, so that the
freshness of the flowers may be preserved as long as
possible. ]f properly managed it blossoms freely,
and the blooms are etlective either upon the plants or
when cut. T. Coombcr, Hendre. Gardens.

The A'lianjllis. — We have just prepared tlie
potting soil for these, in readiness for repotting
during the first month in the year. It is as follows :
— One part good fibrous peat, three parts turfy loam,
one part leaf-mould, and one part sharp white sand.
I like all such composts to lie in a heap two, or three
months before using it for potting. The bulbs are
now in a dormant state, and the soil in the
pots dusty dry ; but notwithstanding the principal
fibrous roots will be alive at the time of potting, and
they will be carefully preserved. We shake out all
the old soil from amongst them, and replace with the
fresh material, pressing it rather firmly with the
hands, but not using a wooden rammer, as it might
come into contact with the bulbs and bruise them.
Potting time also affords a good opportunity to clean
the woodwork and glass of the house ; and the bed
where the bulbs are to be plunged should be of tan,
if it can be obtained, as it affords a genial amarylUs
warmth, but not more so than good Oak leaves,
which are in some districts more easily obtained. A
very small portion of short fresh stable manure mixed
with the leaves will soon cause them to heat if they
do not of themselves. I have grown Amaryllis
well without any bottom-heat at all, and when this
cannot be obtained there is no other alternative. I
would warn those who have not had much expe-
rience in the culture of these plants against the
danger of over-potting. Large bulbs, even of vigorous
growing varieties, ai"e better not to have large
pots, but when we come to such delicately consti-
tutioned varieties as A. Ackerraani pulcherriraa, and
which are also slow of increase, even the largest
bulbs ought not to have larger than 5-inch pots.
Seedlings of various sizes require different treatment,
and they cannot usually be afforded much room.
The plants from seeds saved this year have made
very good progi-ess ; they are quite green, as we
have kept them growing freely all up till now.
Three of the largest plants will be planted in 6-inch
pots, and the smaller ones in 4 or 5 inch, according
to their vigour. Oft'sets, too, require careful manage-
ment. The more choice varieties are planted one
in each pot, and nursed on carefully, so that they
may speedily make flowering plants. J. Dou-glas.

The Flower Garden.

Walks. — It. is no uncommon thing to see walks
so badly made that during wet weather, and espe-
cially after frost, they are almost impassable. This
ought not to be, provided they are properly laid
down in the first instance. The first essential is
drainage, to allow of the rapid passage of water from
the surface. A good tile drain should be run down
the centre ot each walk, with eyelets at the side.
Each of those eyelets should have a cesspit 1 foot
square and 1 foot below the drain-pipe to prevent
any sediment or other obstructive matter from
entering the drains, and these should be cleared
out periodically. The eyelets should be placed
at such distances apart as to be able to receive all
the rain which may fall during a heavy thunder-
storm. Where there is a steep declivity they must
be placed at shorter distances, to prevent water
accumulating in such volume as to cut channels in
the walks. Water-grids should be placed on the top
of each eyelet. For walks of 6 feet wide grids
6 inches square will be ample. Have the bars as
close as possible, so as to prevent the admission of
leaves, which will soon block the drains. To con-

struct a walk, the soil should be removed to a depth
of 9 to 12 inches, to allow G to 9 inches of stones,
clinkers, or other rough porous material, to be put
in as a foundation, which will secure the rapid pas-
sage of water to the drain below (the drain itself
would be all the better for being filled in with
similar material. Over this material put some
coarser gravel as a blind, and the surface should
then be finished off with a couple of inches
of gravel passed tlirough a j-inch sieve, and
then in a fine sieve to clear away all sand or
clay. Make the centre or crown of the walk 2 to
3 inches higher than the sides ; this will secure an
excellent clean substantial walk during all weatliers.
Where walks are in a soft sticky state, the best
thing to do with them is to commence at one end
and lift the whole walk, sifting the material,
replacing the rougher at the bottom and the finer ou
the top.

Lawns. — After heavy rains any defects of drainage
on lawns will be apparent. It often happens that
after the lapse of a few years tree roots find their
way into the pipes, and completely close them up ;
the only remedy is to lift the drain, and in the
immediate vicinity of the trees fill the joints with
Portland cement. ' Ash and Elm trees are the most
troublesome, as the roots will travel a great distance
in search of moisture. The present is a good time
to attend to this sort of work, and where new drains
are put in they must be constructed with a due regard
to the nature of the soil which is to be drained. If the
soil be clay, the drains should be filled with clinkers
or other porous material to within a few inches of
the top: be careful in securing a lall of a few inches
on every 20 feet i( possible, and put the drains in at
a distance of 12 feet apart in adhesive soils. In the
case of free porous land 12 yards or more will be
close enough.

Plantiiir).—ln laying out and planting new ground
care should be taken not to dwarf the building by
planting tall-growing trees in close proximity, unless
it be desirable to hide the building. Such trees as
evergreen Oaks, Hollies, Mountain Ash, Cupressus,
with an undergrowth of Rhododendrons, Kalniias,
Bay and Portugal Laurel, Spiraias, Syringas, Ribes,
Guelder Rose, &c., are good to employ. At a dis-
tance from the mansion, Wellingtonias, Araucarias,
Douglas and Silver Firs, Elms, Beeches, scarlet,
green, and Fern-leaved Sycamores, Maples, &c., may
be used with good ett"-ct, with an undergrowth
similar to that already mentioned.

Hose Stocks. — Where it is intended to bud any
quantity ot Roses during the next season, no time
should be lost in securing the requisite number of
stocks for the purpose ; select only such as have green
bark, and reject all which are brown or covered with
moss, as those will not contain the same amount of
vigorasatwo-year-old plant. In lifting them from the
hedgerows or plantations, be careful to secure as many
of the smaller roots as possible, as this will insure a
better measure of success th.an if the bulk of the roots
be mutilated in the operation. Previous to planting,
let the roots be neatly trimmed with a knife, and see
that the stocks are not planted too deeply, as the
Brier is a surface-rooter, and nothing is more likely
to lead to failure, or partial success, than plant-
ing them too deeply : from 4 to 5 inches is quite
deep enough. They should be secured to stakes
immediately they are planted, to prevent the wind
blowing them about and breaking the roots. Wm.
M. Baillie, Luton Hoo.

Fruits Under Glass.

Peach and Nectarine Trees. — The trees in late
houses should be pruned at once, and the glass, wood-
work, and other parts made clean and sweet. As
much of the old wood as can be dispensed with must
be cut out, as well as extra strong shoots made in
the past season, and some of those left should be
shortened back to a wood-bud whei'e necessary to
secure a sufficiency of shoots. This done the trees,
if affected with blight, should be carefully washed
with soft soap (4 oz.), dissolved in 1 gal. of warm water,
adding two handfuls of sulphur well mixed, and
should scale exist on the trees a wineglassful of
petroleum should be added to the solution. Train
the shoots about 5 inches apart, observing an equal
angle in the branches on each side of the tree, tying
the wood so that it may expand without injury to
the rind. The surface of the border should then be
pricked over with a fork, the loose soil removed, a
good surface-dressing of Thomson's Vine and plant

manure should then be worked into the border with
the fork, following this with a top-dressing consist-
ing of three parts loam and one of wood-ashes and
old lime-rubble, and over this put a mulching of
horse-droppings or short dung to the thickness of
2 inches. Then give the whole a thorough watering,
and afterwards ventilate the house freely day and
night until the time the trees should be started.

Fiy Trees. — The trees in late houses should be
attended to, and treated as recommended in the Gar~
deners' Chronicle for November 12, p. 591.

Vineries. — A dry airy atmosphere and a minimum
temperature of 50'^ should be preserved here. Look
over the bunches three or four times a week, and
remove any bad berries, giving the same attention
to those in the Grape room. W. H. Ward, Longford
Castle.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Insect Pests. — Pears, Plums, and Apples, are
often infested with scale and other insects which,
unless the trees receive an occasional dressing
when the pruning is completed prove very in-
jurious."^ The stems and branches ought to be painted
over with a solution of Gishurst Compound, at the
rate of 4 oz. to the gallon of water, the required con-
sistency being given to it by adding a little clay,
lime, sulphur, and soot ; and this should be put on
with a brush.

Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots should now
have their branches loosened from walls, and have a
dressing of the same compound, which may be applied
in this case with a syinge or the garden engine.
Should the trees be badly infested with scale, they
will require to be painted over with the same mixture
as recommended above for other trees.

Mosses and lichens. — Clear all the trees of these
growths by scraping the stems and larger branches
with a wooden instrument, afterw.ards powdering them
with freshly slaked lime to which a little soot has
been added to render it the less conspicuous ; and
syringe the smaller br.anches with limewash. Lime-
wash or even dusting with lime is also a great pre-
ventative of bud picking of Plums and Gooseberries
by birds, and can be applied after the pruning is done.
E. Ward, Hncell, Bromsgrove.

The Kitchen Garden.

The McsHKOOM-HotisE. — In this structure a
uniform moist temperature of about 60° should be
maintained. As a rule the paths, walls, &c., will
require damping daily, morning and evening, but this
in a great measure will depend upon and be regulated
by the amount of fire-heat necessary to maintain the
required degree of warmth, and the kind of structure
it is. The beds when dry on the surface should be
moistened with tepid water, applied lightly with a
fine-rose waterpot, or syringe. In Mushroom culturf.
particularly at this season of the year, care should be
taken not to over-water, especially in the first stage,
and until the beds come into bearing. An indica-
tion of the want of more moisture is for the Mush-
rooms to become cracked in the skin, tough and
leathery in texture. A little salt dissolved in the
water, at the rate of 1 oz. to the gallon, not only
stimulates growth but tends to keep away worms
and other insects. More material for new beds
should be collected and placed in an open
shed ; fresh horse-droppings, with the long litter
shaken out, being preferred, and frequent turnings
will be necessary to render it sweet, and in proper
condition for making the beds, the object in view
being to secure a steady continuous heat of not more
than 90° at the time of spawning, and long enough
sustained to ensure its running freely into the bed
throughout. If the material has been properly pre-
pared, the beds when spawned, should at once be
cased over the surface with 2 inches of fine, sifted
loam ; this will tend to conserve the heat, and keep
the whole in a fit and proper condition.

Bhuharh, which was started recently, will now be
making rapid progress, and when from 3 to 4 inches
in height should be liberally supplied with water;
another batch should be introduced as a succession,
after which the supply should be drawn from that
forced under pots, &c., in the open. The lifted clumps,
when done with should be retained, and covered
with soil, afterwards cut up into divisions in spring,
for replanting as stock, J. Austen, Witley Court.

752

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

IDecembee 17, 1887.

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Strand, W.C.

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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

Har.ly Plants and Roots. Dut.li

Bnlbs, Slc, at Stevens' Rooms.

Dutch Bull«, at Protheroe & Morris'

Rooms.

(Shrubs, Roses, &c., at the City

t-J Auction Rooms, by Protlicroe &

( Morris.

WEDNESDAY, Dkc. 21 i

jilies from .Japan, Roses. Fruit
Trees, Bulbs, &c., at Stevens
Rooms.

THl'RSDAy,
FRIDAy,

^ 92 * Imported aud Flowering Orchid
Ui-c. JJ.J ij, Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

The general meeting on Tuesday
The Royal j^jj ^^g jjj gg f^^ satisfactory that

Horticultural ,, „ , . , , ■' , ,

Society.

it confirmed in substance the

policy enunciated at the former
meeting. There were only four dissentients out
of a meeting which we will not attempt to
enumerate, but which was certainly large and as
certainly I'epresentative of all interests. After
what we have already said in our last week's
issue, and in view of the full report in another
column, it is not necessary to do more here than
say that the policy which received such emphatic
support is sufficiently expressed in the phrase,
"Horticulture for Horticulturists." Horticulture
is so comprehensive and diversified that there is
ample room for the inclusion of specialists of all
descriptions. Strict utilitarianism, commercial
requirements, scientific evolutions, scsthetic aspi-
rations— all these are comprehended in the term
horticulture, so that there is little room for a
charge of narrowness of aim.
■ A regenerated society carrying out a horti-
cultural policy on these lines should not be
exposed, as the old one has been e\er since we
remember it, but very often unjustly, to a charge
of cliquism. The only serious objection we have
seen raised is the financial one. It is said that
unless the Itoyal Horticultural Society distinctly
caters, either for the crowns of the fashionable
or the shillings of the masses), it must necessarily
come to a standstill for want of means. The

answer to that is surely to be found in the fact
that many thousands have been spent in this
direction without other result than landing the
Society in a position within measurable distance
of insolvency, and in oppressing it with intoler-
able burdens from which it escaped only with an
amount of obloquy and dishonour which were
certainly not justified.

The '■ gate money," upon which so much
stress is laid by some, positively often did not
suffice to pay for the cost of the bands ; and the
income of the Society steadily diminished year
by year, while attempts were made to attract the
fashionable residents at the A\'est End. These
attempts were no more successful in attracting
the " masses " than they were the " classes,"
though, horticulturally considered, the exhibi-
tions were, as a rule, of first-class quality and in-
terest.

The public in this country has no idea
of the intrinsic importance of horticulture,
even from the point of view of commer-
cial interests and of the capital involved,
and presents, as Mr. Dyer in his forcible
speech pointed out, a strong contrast with
the state of things in Belgium, where the
importance of horticulture to the State is recog-
nised by all classes from the King downwards.
In Belgium it is no case of subsidies or bounties,
but simply of .sympathy and co-operation ; and
the result is that official horticulture is honoured
and fostered by all classes, while here it is left
to take its chance, or what is far w"orse, left to
the untender mercies of unsympathetic Coinmif-
sioners, who do not or cannot rise to the level of
their plain duties.

The upshot of the meeting at Kensington
on Tuesday we take to be this — the Society
must leave Kensington, it must reorganise
its constitution either with or (as seems to us
quite practicable) without a new charter ; and
it must get money, and, having got it, .spend
it judiciously.

The question of site is very difficult, no doubt,
but it is not fatal, for if worst comes to worst,
it can retire to Chiswick tetnporarily — and it
might do worse than that, for there is a large
local connection to be got there for the working.

The re-organisation of the working element
in the Society ought to present no real dilficulty,
though perhaps some trouble, now that tlie
Council is practically unanimous. In the mean-
time a committee has been appointed to confer
with the Council on this matter, and, with the
good feeling displayed on all sides, we cannot
doubt that useful results will be attained.

Thirdly, it must get money. This is where,
according to the dissentient minority, the Society
will fail. Time will show ; meanwhile, judging
from past experience, we are sadly more afraid
the greater risk is that the money will be spent
injudiciously than that it will not be forth-
coming. Last week we indicated the large sums
raised and spent by special and other horticul-
tural societies, and now we can announce that
already some members of the Council have suli-
scribed £700 for the purposes indicated: and
before the appeal which we printed last week had
been issued twenty-four hours £'200 had been
promised from outsiders. A\'e cannot doubt, now
that the appeal has been widely circulated, and a
definite programme arrived at in principle, that
funds will fall in. In fine, be.iring iii mind the
general diffnsion of ^horticultural taste, the
immense commercial interests involved, the im-
portance of horticulture as the exemplar and
precursor of agriculture, and the source of supply
of unmeasured economic resources ; and con-
sidering, last, but by no means least, the great

importance of horticulture, regarded from its
purely scientific side, we cannot doubt that a
properly administered representative society will,
in the future, attain a degree of prosperity
beyond what it has done in the past,

A word is due to the dissentient members of
Council. They are but three, or, .at most, four,
out of fifteen, but they are men for whom we can
but express a feeling of gratitude and respect.
It is not invidious to single out from among
those who retire the honoured name of Colonel
Trevor Clarke. As a horticulturist, there is
not one on the Council, or off it, who can be
named as surpassing him in knowledge of plants,
from a horticultural aspect, or one who possesses
a greater general knowledge or deeper .sympathy
with horticulture and its practitioners. There
may be good reasons which may well induce
him to abstain in the future from the duties he
has for so many years fulfilled. Of one thing we
are well assured, it is not a falling off in his love
for the old Society or his passion for horticulture.

Of Mr. Haughton we would speak with respect,
as one who has lent valuable and continued aid
to the Society through more troublous times than
these. "We are not in harmony with Mr.
Haughton's views as to the policy of the
Society, but it would be ungrateful not to
acknowledge the disinterested services he has
rendered to the Society and to the trustees of
the Lindley Library.

Major Ma.sox was for a time Secretary of the
Society — so thankless an office that we need do
no more than mention that as his greatest title
to our re.spect.

Our florists have not as yet quite
^''LjcJuir""' l'i'0"Kht tlie tuberous species of

the Begonia within their special
domain, but they are bidding fair to do so within
a short period ; we shall then have rules laid
down by some of them as to the size, form, and
arrangement of the petals of the new adoption.
Special exhibitions of the fiower are then as sure
to follow later as night to day. A\'hile ailmitting
the great usefulness of the tuberous Begonia as a
decorative plant for the greenhouse and the
fiower garden — especially the latter — we have to
deplore in many of the hybrids the loss of grace-
fulness in the Hower, but this may eventually be
regained ; and, morever, we think it will not be
loved by every one as are the zonal and noseg.-iy
Pelargoniums, for two reasons : one is, that it has
no scent, and the other that it is not so radiant
as are those ffowers. The colours are rich, but
they do not tell so well in the mass — do not light
up, even when scarlet-coloured flowers are chosen.
All credit is due to those raisers who are en-
deavouring, and with every outlook of success,
to supply our gardens with Begonias that will
flower during the winter when grown in an
intermediate house. Messrs. A'eitch, of
Chelsea, have Adonis and John Heal ; and
Messrs. Canneix a pure white double flower of
small size, shown by them at the last National
Chrysanthemum Society's show.

Being nothing if we are not impartial, we will
let our well-known correspondent,Mr. J. Douglas,
relate the doings of the raisers of new hybrids,
knowing that many of our readers will endorse
the opinions therein given of those novelties.

" The remarks on this subject at p. 5(30 are not
only appropriate at the present time, but most inte-
resting reading to those wlio have studied the subject
of liybridisation in its multifarious phases. The
summer-flowering tuberous Begonias have, by the
skill of the hybridist, and especially of Mr. .T. Laing,
of Forest Hill, been developed into objects of mar-

Dkcembbb 17, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' GHIWNIGLE.

753

vellous beauty, and they ai'e so easily raised from
seeds, and come into flower so soon after tlie plants
vegetate, tliat any one may have a large greenhonse
full of flowering plants of the richest and gorgeous
colours six or eight months after purchasing half-a-
crown's worth of seeds. So much fur the summer-
flowering section : what we now require is a race of

firm obtained possession of Begonia eocotrana
some few years ago through Professor Balfour, and
before it was introduceil to the general public
through the usual trade channels it liad been
used as a pollen or seed bearer with the best
of tlie tuberous varieties. Tlie first cross made
in Messrs. Vmrcu's nursery produced a pretty

the award of a First-class Certificate from the Royal
Horticultural Society. It forms a distinct and dwarf
jjlant of a highly decorative character. The bright
rose-coloured flowers are produced freely all
through the winter months ; and to cut for placing
in small vases they are of great value. This plant is
not only the forerunner of a new race of Begonias,

Fia. 148. — soLANUM conNiQEiirM : truits oeange. (see p. T^'iO. )

distinct and handsome winter-flowering kinds, and
as Messrs. Canneli, of Swanley, have gone into this
department of floriculture, doubtless they will soon
produce some novelties worthy of our consideration.
In the meantime, as remarked in the article alluded
to above, there are other workers in tlie same field.
Considerable progress 1 as been made in Messrs.
Veitch's nursery in the King's Road, Chelsea. The

variety named Autumn Rose, which begins to flower
in autumn, and continues to freely produce its hand-
some flowers all througli tlie dark, dull days of mid-
winter. To obtain this variety the pollen of B.
socotrana was used on a variety named B. insignis.
Another crossed with B. socotrana pollen produced
John Heal.

" Two years ago this very pretty variety obtained

but is in itself a standard variety, which may be
taken as a model to work up to. It has been used
as a pollen bearer, however, with other tuberous
varieties, and it is rather remarkable that seeds
cannot be obtained from it ; no female blossoms being
produced. The best of the seedlings produced
from it is Adonis, a variety with much larger
flowers than are produced on the pollen parent,

754

THE GAEDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[December 17, 1887i

of a pale rosy-pink colour. It has some of its
peculiar characteristics, especiall\- that of a paucity
of female blossoms ; one or two are produced
at the end of a truss, when they are nearly flowered
out. In this way seeds have been obtained, and now
Adonis may be the parent of a yet better type of
winter flowering varieties.

" Amongst numerous unnamed seedlings one is
irresistibly attracted to a considerable group of tliem
in flower, which have been obtained by crossing B.
socotrana and B. Ilex. The last-named is an old in-
habitant of our gardens, although I well remember
its introduction, and the efl^ort made by those of us
who had charge of collections of plants to excel in its
culture. The group of plants are all distinct seed-
lings, some of them are much like B. Rex in foliage,
others are between B. liex in character and B.
socotrana, both parents being easily traceable. Others
again, have foliage much more like that of B. soco-
trana than B. Rex; most of the plants were in flower
and producing vigorous spikes of flowers on long
stems, the flowers of a clear pale rosy colour and very
pretty.

" It will be seen from the above that considerable
progress has been made in the production of winter
flowering varieties of Begonias ; and that the field of
operations may almost be said to be illimitable.
Other good foliaged varieties are available besides
Rex, indeed there is one in the nursery at the
present time of gj-eat beauty and distinctness. The
leaves are of a purplish-rose colour, marked with
deep olive-green veins. Here we liave not only
plants which may be made to pioduce beautiful
flowers in winter, but also distinct and handsomely
marked foliage. For instance, B. Hex itself and
varieties of that type will produce flowers in winter ;
it is possible that by crossing with those summer
flowering tuberous forms, such as Messrs. L.\ing
have produced, we may have a new race, with
gorgeous flowers IS inches in circumference, and
beautifully variegated foliage flowering in winter.

" It will be seen from the above that we have
reached a point of excellence far beyond the limits
of the remarks in the article at p. 5(10, and that not
only is there a good starting point, but at the same
time there are beautiful varieties for the decoration
of our greenhouses and conservatories."

Dean Hole. — Our Rosarian friends will rejoice
at the appointment of Canon Holk to the Deanery
of Rochester, vacant by the death of Dr. Scott,
the eminent lexicogi'.ipher, so well known to the
present race of schoolboys. \Ve have often heard from
the whilom Canon's lips jokes about the " Dean of Eal-
ing ; " and now it is for us, on the part of our constitu-
ency, to offer our congratulations to the Dean of
Rochester. It will be remembered that another Dean
— Dean Hehbeet, of Manchester — liolds a foremost
place in the estimation of physiologists and gardeners
for his labours in hybridisation. A .still earlier Dean,
Dean Tcrser of AVells, has earned by his labours in
the sixteenth century the title of " father of English
botany,*' and practised gardening both at Cologne and
at Wells. We may trust that Dean Hole may,
amid his zealous duties in the Church, still find
a modicum of learned leisure to devote to the
history of Queen Rose, of whom he has been
so devoted a subject, and that among the congre-
gations that hang upon his words his old friends
the gardeners may still ocetisionallty have the
advantage of his witty teachings and ripe experience.

Grand National Dahlia Show. — The

usual annual meeting of tlie subscribers to
this Society took place at South Kensing-
ton, Mr. Shirley HinnERD in the chair, there
being a good attendance of those interested in
the annual exhibition. The Treasurer's financial
statement showed that the receipts from all
sources had amounted to £133 Is. Oil., inclusive of
£62 5s. Gd. as annual subscri])tion3, and £50 from
the Crystal Palace Company. The expenditure also
amounted to £133 Is. Gd., including £118 paid aa

prizes, but tliere had been a deduction from the trade
growers prizes as provided under Rule 10. It was then
•■esolveJ to change the title, and form a National
Dahlia Society, the Kev. Charles Fellowes, Shottesham
Rectory, being elected President ; and Messrs. James
Mcintosh, Shirley Hibberd, — CuUingford, and G.
Harris (of Orpington), Vice-Presidents. The follow-
ing were appointed a committee : — Messrs. II. 'Tur-
ner, Williams, Cannell, Arthur Rawlings, E. Mawlev,
T. W. Girdlestone, J. Henshaw, and .1. T. West,
with Mr. Henry Glasscock as Hon. Treasurer and
Secretary. .Some suggestions were made in the
direction of the revision of the schedule of prizes,
Mr. G. Pail contending that it should be framed
much upon that of the lines of the National
Rose Society, so that the growers of limited
quantities of Dahlias, both nurserymen and ama-
teurs, should be able to exhibit under more
favourable terms. The revision of the schedule
was referred to the committee. Mr. H. Glasscock
announced that September 7 and 8 next, had been
fixed by the Crystal Palace for the Dahlia Show, and
he stated that he iiad written to the company asking
for the same donation towards the prizes as usual,
and was awaiting their reply. It was ultimately re-
solved that the committee should meet in the second
week in .lanuary.

National CHRvsANTHEfviuM Society.— The

annual dinner of this prosperous Society took place
at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, on Tuesday the
13th inst., Mr. E. Sanderson, the President of the
Society, in the chair, supported by Sir Gregor
Hunter, M.P., nearly 120 persons sitting down to
dinner. The utmost enthusiasm prevailed, and the
arrangements, dining and musical alike, were carried
out in the most admirable manner by the stewards.
In submitting one of the toasts Mr. R. Dean sug-
gested that a fraternal greeting should be sent from
the President, committee, and members of the National
Chrysanthemum Society, congratulating the Rev.
Canon Hole, President of the National Rose Society,
on his appointment to the Deanery of Rochester. In
responding to the toast of his health, Mr. W. Holmes,
the Hon. Secretary, gave some interesting statistics as
showing the growth of the Society. 'The amount of
over £278 had been paid that day in prizes, and an addi-
tional £20 in value in plate. In 1878 there were
fifty-five members, and the full income of the Societv
for that year was £84. A year ago tlie number of
members was 35-3 ; that evening he would announce
the large number of 497 members ; and it seemed
extraordinary indeed that in the space of one year
there should have been an increase of 144 members.
At the last November show at the Royal Aquarium
there were 428 entries, and 419G cut blooms were
staged for competition. At the various meetings of
the Floral Committee as many as 370 new flowers
were staged for examination, and forty Certificates
of Merit awarded. Although so prosperous, the
Society had yet an important work, and to properly
accomplish it the utmost the friends of the Society
could do to support it was required. One thing was
certain — the rapid growth in the varieties of all types
of the Chrysanthemum made it necessary that a
revised and enlarged catalogue of Chrysanthemnms
should be prepared during the coming year. The
Treasurer, Mr. J. Stahlino, in the course of the
evening took occasion to refer to the Reserve Fund,
which amoauts at present to £70, and earnestly
impressed upon the members the importance of
increasing it in the face of possible contingencies.
The sum of £50 was subscribed during the evening
towards the usuul special prize fund.

National Auricula and Carnation and

PiCOTEE Societies.— The annual meeting of the
members of these Societies took place in the conser-
vatory of the Royal Horticultural Society on Tues-
day, the 13th inst., the Rev. H. H. D'Cmuhain,
chairman of the committee, ]>residing. Tlie report
was read by Mr. ,T. Douglas, the Honorary' Secretary,
and adopted ; and a statement of accounts was sub-
mitted by the Treasurer, Mr. Suirlet Hibberd,
showing a substantial balance in favour of each

Society. The officers and committee were reap-
pointed, and Mr. H. Selfe Leonard was added to the
latter body. The revision of the schedules of prizes,
the election of judges, and the appointment of places
for the shows was left in the hands of the committee,
more especially in reference to the latter point, in
face of the present uncertainty as to wliether the ex-
hibitions can take place as usual at South Kensing-
ton. The proceedings closed witli a vote of thanks
to the Chairman.

Mr. G. EylES.— Of late years this gentleman,
whose death on the 8th inst. we regret to have to
announce, had not been much seen in the horticultural
circles. At one time, however, he was well known as
an energetic and capable practitioner, and a clever
landscape gardener. He was in the employment of
Sir Joseph Paxton, at Chatsworth, and afterwards
took a large share in the formation of the gardens
at the Crystal Palace. When the Royal Horticul-
tural Society entered upon the possession of the
ill-fated gardens at South Kensington, Mr. Eyles
carried out the elaborate plans of Mr. Nesfield, now
all swept away and almost forgotten, and for some
years acted as Superintendent of the Society at Soutli
Kensington. Though for several years unconnected
with the Society, it is a strange coincidence that he
should have died just at the time when the Society
has determined to put an end to its disastrous con-
nection with South Kensington.

Oxford Botanic Garden.— We learn that

Mr. W. Baker, heretotore a member of the Kew
staff', has been appointed Curator of the Botanic
Garden, Oxford, in the place of Mr. W. H. Baxter,
who retires on a pension.

The Late Lord Havvke.— The death of Lord
Hawke removes from among the band of florists one
who for some years, when the Rev. Edward Hawke,
of Willingham Rectory, Gainsborough, made the
Hollyhock famous as a successful cultivator, raiser,
and exhibitor. Lord Hawke commenced to exhibit
about 1862, and continued to do so for a short time
after his elevation to the peerage. Almost up to the
close of the Bishop Auckland Horticultural Society's
exhibition he sent flowers for competition, and at
one time was the leading amateur exhibitor of the
day, his flowers being characterised by splendid
finish. The leading Hollyhocks rai.sed by him \yere
Eleanor, Gem, Gladiator, Margaret, Mr. William
Chater, Octavia, Ruby Queen, and Willingham
Defiance.

The People's Palace.— On the occasion of
the visit of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, on Decem-
ber 10, the graceful floral decorations in the build-
ing were the work of Messrs. J. Laing & Co., Forest
Hill, S.E.

French Fern, LeIRION. — An arbitrary name
for any Fern suit.ible for decorative purposes. Mar-
ket-growers and sellers do not care for France, or for
Ferns per ss. It is a piece of unusual luck when,
as ^in this case, the name is right — the plants are
Ferns, but they are certainly not French, even in a
market sense, as they are grown in England.

The "Botanical Magazine."— The Decem-
ber number contains coloured figures of : —

Anthurinm Veitchii, Masters, t. 6968. — No Araceous
])lant surpasses the subject of this plate in stateliness
and beauty of foliage. It was first described and
figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. vi. (1876),
p. 772, fig. 143.

HelicophijUum Alberti, Kegel, t. 6969. — A plant
with much the aspect of our common Arum, but with
deep violet-coloured spathes, green at the base. The
leaves are hastate, the two lateral lobes widely
spreading, but much narrower than the central lobe.
It is a native of Bokhara, and is named after the
intrepid explorer of Central Asia, Dr. Alrert Regel,
the accomplished son of Dr. Von Regel, the Director
of the Imperial Botanic Garden of St. Petersburg.

Hubus rostffoliiis, Smith, t. 6970. — A pinnate-
leaved species, the leaflets of which are ovate-lanceo-

DECEMBEn 17, 1887.]

THE GAI?DENEI?S' CHRONICLE.

755

late, deeply serrated, green above, silvery beneath,
the flowers white, succeeded by oblong red fruits.
According to Sir Joseph Hooker, it is a native of
tiie Himalayas, though introduced into most tropic.il
and sub-tropical countries, and ]>rovided accordingly
with numerous synonyms.

OiKidiuni micropoffon, REiCHENnAcii, f.. t. 0071. —
One of the yellow-flowered Oncids. with narrow seg-
ments, barred with chestnut. The pseudobulbs are
sulcated. The native country is not known.

lihododcndroii (Amka) rhouMmm, Miqcel, t. 6072.
Sir Joseph Hooker emphasises the fact that between
Azaleas and Rhododendrons there is no hard-and-
fast line to be drawn, and that the distinctions, such
as they are, are purely arbitrary. K. rhombicum is
a nat i\,' of the Island of Niphou. The specimen figured
flowered in a bed of Azaleas in the Royal Gardens
Kew, and has deciduous, rhombic, hirsute leaves.
The flowers, which are produced with the leaves, are
borne in trusses, each lilac-rose, about \h inches
across. Stamens ten.

The centen.iry volume of this publication, whose
history has occupied so much of our space lately, is
completed with the December number. The enor-
mous permanent value of this long-continued series
of plates is due, of course, to the fact that for a long
series of years it has been conducted by Sir William,
and, in succession to him, by Sir Joseph Hooker.
The wide experience and vast knowledge of the one,
and the zeal, caution, and acumen of the other,
have rendered this periodical unique amongst its
fellows. How well the editors were, for a very long
series of years, supported by Jlr. W. H. Fitch, the
artist, needs no pointing cut here. The present
volume is dedicated to Sir Johx Kirk, late H.M.
Consul at Zanzibar, who has done so much to
promote the knowledge of the natural history of
Eastern Tropical Africa. The quotation from
Chaucer on the titlepage is by no means familiar, so
that we are tempted to reproduce it : —

" I will nat long hold you in fable
Of all this garden delectable,
I mote my tongue stinten nede,
For I ne may withouten drede
Naught letten you the beautie all,
Ne half the bountie therewithall."

Forced Lilac— In contravention of a remark
made in our last number about Lilac in the winter
season not being as yet so much grown bv our own
countrymen as it might be, Mr. Drost, Kew Nur-
sery, Richmond, sends a bunch of white Lilac, well
furnished with flowers and foliage, as fine, in fact, in
every respect, as any supplied to our flower markets
by French growers. We are glad to find that at
least one florist has taken up its production, and
hope that many more will do so. Among private
growers Mr. D. T. Fisu must be mentioned for his
skill in the production of forced Lilac.

Richmond Horticultural Society.— The

annual meeting was held on December 2, when it
was announced that, after a favourable season, the
receipts were £550 14s. lli?., the balance in hand,
after payment of all e.ipenses, being £10 4s. id.

The Horticultural Club.— At the dinner of
the Club, after the meeting of the Royal Horticul-
tural Society, we learn that a discussion took place
on the events of the day at Kensington, and that a
general approval of the proceedings at the meeting
was expresse<t.

" La BelGIQUE HorticOLE." — We have a
number on our table just received, and dated as for
September — December, 1885. It forms a very sad
memorial to its Editor, the brilliant Professor whose
energies were so cruelly cut short by agonising disease,
Edward Mobren died in harness. Rest, which all
his friends counselled, would have but added to his
misery. For him work, while work was possible,
was a necessity of existence. The only reproach
made to him is that he did not concentrate his work
suSiciently, but spread it over the University
the Academy of Belgium, the Horticultural Federa-

tion, his journal, the Bt-hjique Horfioole, not to men-
tion the innumerable other calls on his time and
attention as a Professor, a man of science, and a
" public characier." The Botanical Institute at Liege,
with its laboratories, herbaria, conservatories, &c.,
and which have elicited the high approval of com
petent judges, remains a monument to his un-
tiring energy and zeal, while the number before
us shows the immense amount of literary work
in connection with horticulture and botany that
he got through. The loss to Belgian horticul-
ture is most severe, and more or less associated
as we were with him for twenty years, we may
truly say that hardly a day passes without recalling
the memory of a colleague as genial as he was erudite,
as brilliant as he was sound. The present number
is devoted to the publication of the tributes paid to
his memory by his friends official and otherwise, and
to the issue of a few memoirs found ready for publi-
cation. Amongst these are a notice of Pitcairnia
Uoezlii, Glabba alba. There is also a paper of much
interest on the action of sulphurous acid vapours on
vegetation. This is the more noteworthy as one of
the most important and most elaborate papers at
the famous IJotanical Congress of 1,S66 was one on
the same subject by Edward Morbes, who then
became known for the first time to many of his col-
leagues in this country, while his legacy to them is
the paper on the same subject now before us, and c-f
which we propose to ]>ublish an abstract hereafter.

Scottish Meteorological Society.— The

Journal of the Society for 188(3 has been published
(Blackwood & Sons). It contains, as usual, a large
amount of valuable information and elaborate statis-
tical tables, which are indispensable for reference.

A Huge Grape Vine.— There is a Grape Vine
in Carpenteria, the property of Jacob Wilson, that
exceeds the famous Jlontecito Vine that was for-
warded in 1870 to the Centennial. At the butt it
measures 5 feet 10 inches, and 5 feet from the ground
5 feet 2 inches. It is of the Miston variety, and is
reputed to be the largest Grai)e Vine in the world.
It is supported by a trellis, covering an area of ground
almost 100 feet square. Mr. Wilsox informed us
that the Vine, two years ago, produced four tons of
Grapes. — "Santa Barbara Ind-pciidmf," cit^-d in
" American Gardeners' Montlihj''

Hybrid between Wheat and Rye.-M-.

Carman, of the liural Neio Yorker, is stated to have
obtained a hybrid between Wheat and Rye, and has,
it is alleged, like Mr. Saf.sders, of London, Canada,
secured a hybrid between the Blackberry and the
Raspberry.

Lily of the Valley in Sumivier. — The
American florists adopt the plan of keeping the
crowns in ice-houses until tluly, when they flower
well. They are packed in sand, "frozen," and laid
away in the storage houses.

Orchids at Liverpool Exhibition.— At the

recent Chrysanthemum show at Liverpool a very nice
specimen plant of Vanda Sanderiana was shown in
the collection of Orchids staged by Mr. A. Smith, gar-
dener to D. DE Ybarrondo, Esq., of Ullet Road, Liver-
pool. This jilant, though not much more than LS inches
in height, had a capital spike bearing eight flowers
of flne colour and substance. Another good speci-
men at the same show, was a dark variety of Calanthe
Veitchii, shown by Mr. V.'. Tonnington, gardener to
Mrs. MacIver. This plant was not a made-up one,
and had produced bulbs 8 to 12 inches in length ;
ten spikes of blooms were from 3 to 4 feet long, full
of flower, with a considerable number of buds yet to
open, which would be sure to increase the spikes a
foot or more in length. A good dark variety of this
valuable winter blooming Orchid always improves in
appearance when shown under artificial light. A
plant of Cattleya Sanderiana shown by Mr. A. R.
Cox, gr. to W. H. Watts, Esq., though only bear-
ing three flowers on a spike, waa considered by many
to be a form of exceptional merit. In a group of

plants staged by the Liverpool Horticultural Com-
pany, Limited, were two small plants in bloom of the
true L.-clia furfuracea.

" Annals of Botany."— The .second number
is of more varied interest than the first. It contains
the account of a new genus of Pontederiacea-., by Sir
flosEPH Hooker ; an excellent paper on the sieve-
tubes of Laminaria, by Mr. F. W. Oliver ; some
valuable papers by Messrs. TnErn, Bower, Morris,
Vines, and others. In his account of tlie antidotes
to snake-bites furnished by species of Aristolochia,
Mr. Morris has omitted mention of Mr. Temple's
paper before the Society of Arts in 1855 (see also
Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. xiv., p. 40.3).
Professor Bower, we are interested in seeing, finds
as great a difficulty in drawing an absolute limitation
between stem and leaf as his predecessors, and shows
how the alleged dirterences break down. In his
])aper on Calamus, the word " adhesion " is used, as it
is commonly, where the real phenomenon is inseiiar-
ation or concrescence attended by displacement.

Society of American Florists.— With com-
mendable rapidity the Proceedinc/s of the Chicago
Convention, held in August last, have been published.
More than six hundred nurserymen and florists are
associated in a common association for the purpose
of extending their business relations, increasing and
diffusing useful knowledge, and cultivating friendly co-
operation. An interesting feature, as we noted at the
time, was the cordial welcome extended at Chicago
to Mr. Bennett, of Rose notoriety, and his remarks
on hybridising afford an 'Uustration of what should
be done more frequently at our own horticultural
societies. The Orchid and Primrose Conferences
sufficed to show what we can do in this way. As
another illustration of the necessity for organised
work, we may mention that Mr. Starr, the raiser of
some excellent Carnations, stated that one of his
best seedlings was raised " with his eyes shut," the
speaker going on to state that he was without any
known law to go by. Just so. Scientific men do their
best in the attempt, and sometimes succeed in
evolving laws to go by, but from want of adequate
co-operation the practical men still go to work with
their " eyes shut." Mr. Besxett clearly is not of
them, but what we want to emphasise now is that
our countryman is heard with respect at Chicago,
while at our own Royal Horticultural Society, or even
at the National Rose Society, so far, little or no
opportunity is now offered for practical men to state
their experiences. It is now-a-days left for the
Horticultural Club to do work which more strictly
pertains to the official societies.

Orange Trees.— Mr. Tunuridoe, gardener at
Brooklands, Broomfield, reports that on one Orange
tree he has had twenty-three full-sized Oranges. He
gathered four ripe fruits last week from this tree.

Yun-nan Rhododendrons.— Sooner or later

we ma}' hope to get in our gardens some of the fine
new Rhodendrons discovered in Yun-nan by the
Abbe Delavav, and described by M. Fbaxchet, in the
current volume of the Bulletin de la Societi Botaniqiie
dc France, 1887, p. 280. They include—

li. irroratum. — A very pretty species, remarkable
for its glaucous tints and white flowers spotted with
brown,

B. hidlatumSe&r to R. Edgeworthii, but with
flowers considerably smaller, and the corolla has
hyaline scales on its outer surface.

R. Burcavi. — A beautiful species, also allied to
Edgeworthii, and well characterised by the thick,
reddish-brown tomentum which covers the lower
surface of the leaves and young branches. Thirty-
two new species in all have been found by JI, Dela-
VAT on the mountains of Tsang-Chan and Lankong,
at an elevation of 2500 metres. It is expected that
many more will be found on the slopes of Li Kiang,
hitherto unexplored, .tnd the more probably as
each species seems to have a very limited range, and
each little group of mountains to have its own types.

B. /cay/aiis— found in Siberia according to Maxi-

"5()

THE GAB DENE US' CHBONICLE.

[Dkcembek 17, 1887.

Mowicz — is also found near Lankong at the foot of the
mountains (lat. 26° — 27°, N., alt. 2500 metres) ; its
range thus extending from the polar circle almost to
the tropic.

1{. anHiopoi/iiii, a Himalayan species, is very nearly
allied to R. fragrans, but differs in its floral charac-
teristics.

Presentation. -- The Bnulford Gardeners'
Mutual Improvement Society held their fortnightly
meeting on the 14th inst., at the Central Coffee
Tavern, Westgate, Bradford, when Mr. E. II. Br.\d-
LEY, gardener at The Woodlands, was presented with
a testimonial in the shape of a handsome illuminated
address, inscribed with the signatures of sixty mem-
bers of the Society, on the occasion of his leaving
his situation.

SOLANUM COENIGERUM.

The plant which produces the remarkable fruit
represented in fig. 148 is a straggling, slender shrub,
with few branches, attaining a height of about 5 feet.
The leaves as well as the stem are covered with a
fine pubescence and many thorns. The flowers are
solitary, and in colour violet or white, and, "although
of large size, not very showy. The fruit is a brilliant
orange, which colour it retains for about tliree months.
The inner pericarp is thick, white, and pithy, the
seeds numerous, small, brown, and flat. The specimen
figured came from the precincts of the village of
Fernando Noronha, and I also found it very abun-
dant on Platform Island, one of the same group,
round an old fort., It is not indigenous here, nor, I
believe, on tlie mainland of Brazil. It is omitted
from Martins' F/oi-a of Brazil, and its native country
does not seem to be known. There is a figure of the
plant in the Scouc Hort'uvh for 1868, at p. 33. This
was drawn from a plant flowered at Hyc'-res by
Hiiber, who had received it under the name of S.
corniculum, but without indication of locality. Andre,
in describing it in the lievue Horticoh, p. 33, not
approving of the name, called it in his description S.
cornigerum. This plant was overlooked apparently by
Dunal in I)e CandoUe's Prodromits, who gave the same
specific name to another species. It is allied to S.
mammosum, L. In Fernando Noronha it has a great
reputation as a medicine for att'ections of the liver,
and is called Jurubeba — a name also applied to other
Solanums resembling it. H. N. Rklleii.

Notices of Books.

Sketch of the Forestry of West Africa.

By Alfred .Muloncy. C.M.ti. London: Samp-
son Low, Marston, & Co., 1887.
In compiling this work Captain Moloney lias done
good service to West Africa in bringing together
a vast amount of scattered information on the pro-
ducts of a country that has attracted a considerable
amount of attention of late years, and the resources
of which still remain to a large extent undeveloped.

The title of the book is not the happiest that
could have been chosen, for it is not a review of tlie
forestry of the country in the sense in which that
word is usually accepted; it treats indeed of
the whole natural products, not excepting the
birds, insects, shells, reptiles, &c. The bulk of
the book, which comprises 533 pages, is taken uj)
with a consideration of the vegetable product"^.
From Captain Moloney's personal experience of
Western Africa he is able to give many interesting
notes on the several important economic plants.
Tliat lie has a real interest in the resources of
Western Africa cannot be doubted, for occasionally
he writes with much enthusiasm ; on the subject of
gums, for instance, he says; — "I satisfied myself
by securing specimens . . . that the Acacia verek
(Acacia arabica or A. Senegal), known in trade as the
Soudan gum — for which there is at present a large
demand — with other gum-yielding Acacias, is to

be found somewhat extensively flanking to some
considerable length and depth the many arms of the
Gambia River. Why cannot such Acacias be
similarly utilised in that colony through the medium
of the Gambia River, which permeates such a vast
and rich e.Ktent of country ? Let business men tui'n
their attention to my remarks. Why do they not
get down some of the gum hunters of the Senegal
and explore our own fields ? The result would, I am
confident, be beneficial and profitable."

Speaking of the resinous gums or copals which
fetch a high price in the English market for varnish
making, the author says : — " Resin abounds on the
Gold Coast behind Accra and in Aquapini, the
Akims and Croboes, also in Appolonia ; and its
greater development requires attention and tlie
friendly defeat of the prejudices of the natives."

The development of the trade in gums and resins
would no doubt be of very great advantage to Africa,
as well as to the English trade, and it is remarkable
that more is not done to open up these resources.
The same, indeed, may be said witli regard to oil
seeds. There is a continued demand in Europe
for oils for lubricating as well as for culi-
nary purposes, and a market for the cake after
tlie oil has been expressed ; but though new oil seeds
do frequently find their way from Africa into the port
of Liverpool, their appearance is of a very spasmodic
character, appearing once, and then perhaps not
again for years, by which time their properties are
quite forgotten by the importers. Amongst the
West African oil seeds that have recently ap])eared
in the Liverpool market may be mentioned Hyptis
spicigera, Trichilia emetica (?), Pentacrypta macro-
phylla, and Lopliira alata ; and it is very probable
that none of these are now known by the brokers at
Liverpool. These are only a few proofs of the rich-
ness of the vegetable resources of Western Africa,
which, though not unknown in this 'country, remain
still undeveloped products. The wide circulation of
Captain Moloney's book will, it is hoped, help to
bring these products more prominently into the light
of day, so tliat they may come into our markets
regularly, and not periodically as now,

" The list of economic plants of Western Africa,"
which occupies a large portion of the book, has been
compiled by Mr. J. M. Hillier, of the Kew Museum.
It is the first time that anything like a complete list
of the useful plants of Africa has been made, and
Jlr. Hillier has performed his share of the task in a
very creditable manner. The access he has had to
the Kew Museums, Herbarium, and Library has
resulted in the bringing together of a miss of valu-
able notes that could not liave been prepared any-
where else than at Kew.

The plan of arrangement he has adopted is that
of the Genera Plantantm, the plants being arranged
under the heading of each natural order. Thus,
under Meliace.T we find the following ; — " Cait-
cedra, or Maliogany tree of the Gambia (Khaya
senegalensis, Tuss.). A lofty tree, the wood of which
is adapted for building, carpentry, and joinery, and
for turning. The bark is used as a bitter tonic and
as quinine by the blacks. — Cataliipue de^ Produila
d"s Cdloni'-S Frauraises, Rvposilion Uiuerrselle de 1807.
p. 116. Distribution: Upper Guinea, Nile Land,
Mozambique District."

It will be seen that the native and common names
are first given, then the scientific name, followed by
a note as to the character of the plant, whether tree
or shrub, a short description of its uses, and a refer-
ence to the source whence the information has been
obtained, concluding with the geographical distribu-
tion of the plant. In this way ranch valuable infor-
mation is brought together from books not come-
atable by general readers, and the references
to the volumes and pages of the books whence tlie
information has been obtained is also a .special
feature.

We are of opinion that this part of Captain
Moloney's book might be made more useful to the
commercial world by simply rearranging the mattir
under the heads of the various products — as oils,
fibres, resins, gums, &c., reprinting it in a separate

book form, and selling it at a low rate, so that it
might circulate largely.

One thing that is always wanted to make a book
useful is a good index, and the absence of one in
the present book is a most serious omission.

Die HaSELNUSS. By F. Goesclike. Pp. 00. (Paul
Parey, Berlin.)

Until the appearance of the present volume no
monograph of the genus Corylus existed, but a com-
mencement of one was made by the late Karl Koch ,
of Berlin, who had abundant herbarium material at
his disposal for the jiurpose.

The Hazel-nuts are treated by the author in the
sections of wild and cultivated varieties, and also in
regard to the estimation in which they are held in
the various countries of Europe and America, autho-
rities in each being quoted. Mention is made of the
classification adopted by Dochnahl, and published in
the Secheren Fiikrer in die Ohstlmiule (Nurnberg,
1860). The value of the work is greatly enhanced
by the addition at the end of the text of eighty-six
plates of the various wild and cultivated varieties,
giving of the natural size figures of the fruits, shoots
with female and male blossoms, and a leaf and
bud.

We gather from the preface that the English
grower has little to learn from his German brethren
concerning the cultivation of the Hazel-nut, and
that the culture at the present time stands at a very
low ebb in most other countries, and as regards
the country of the author it is apparently likely to
remain in that condition for many years to come.

FLORISTS' Flowers.

THE AURICULA.

This is a trying season of the year for show Auri-
culas. The old leaves caught by sharp frosts con-
tinue to decay rapidly, and unless frequent attention
is given to remove them, the plants may decay and
die off at the neck. In the neighbourhood of London,
where our plants are grown, the atmosphere is so
damp at this season, that the leaves are seldom dry
even at mid-day. We have ceased to give any water
to the established plants, except they should show
signs of shrinking by the extreme dryness of the soil
ia the pots. It is also desirable to admit plenty of
air to the frames at this season ; allow the wind to
blow through amongst the plants, by having the ven-
tilation left open back and front. In anything like
Hue wmither the lights should be removed from the
frames altogether. The point is to give the plants
now as complete rest as it is possible to give them.
We have seedling plants in various stages of deve-
lopment, from the tiny plant just pushing through
the ground to the large full-grown specimens that
are likely to produce some surprising trusses next
season. The large-flowering plants as to dryness at
the roots and in other respects are treated exactly
like the named varieties. The smaller fry receive
more water; none of them get dusty-dry at the
roots. While the weather was mild in Octo-
ber greenfly seemed to increase, but to make
sure of its destruction, the whole collection
was fumigated with tobacco-smoke. Primulas of
many species are grown in frames, much in the same
way as we grow Auriculas, ^[ost of them are kept
dry at the roots, or comparatively so, for it is not to
be supposed that those species and varieties which
naturally grow in bogs will take to dry treatment
like the alpine section which are found on dry
spaces. We are finding suitable places for many
species out-of-doors, and in selecting such the rock
garden will be found to be the best place for them,
on the north or east side of a stone, so as to break
the force of the sun's rays when at their hottest.

The laced Polyanthuses are more difficult to
manage than any Primulas. No other plant known
to me is so liable to be attacked by red spider. This
troublesome pest establishes itself in the downy

Uecemder 17, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEBS' GTinONICLE.

■57

substance, ou the under surface of the leaves, so that
even when the whole plant is dipped in the solution
intended to kill the insects, some escape owing to
the fact of the water not touching them.

All the plants intended to be grown in pots should
have been placed in them during the months of
August and September. They are likely to produce
the best trusses and the most perfectly laced flowers
when potted at tliat time. Of course they may be
taken up from the open ground so late as February,
and even then produce fairly good trusses. Although
the named varieties of these Polyanthuses will not
succeed out-of-doors during the winter months we
And no difticulty in growing seedlings from them,
and they flower in spring with great vigour, but even
these plants, when propagated for two or three
seasons, are as difficult to maintain in good health
as the named varieties of long ago. J. Douglas.

SUDBURY HOUSE, HAMMER-
SMITH.

On the occasion of a recent visit to the collection
of plants grown by Mr. Peacock many species of
Masdevallia were in bloom ; amongst them M.
Tovarensis, loaded with its charming white flowers ;
the purplish-coloured M. Simula, honey-yellow in
front : and M. cucuUata, curious and interesting— of
a claret-red. Very large masses of Cypripediums
made a great display, C. insigne and C. Maulei being
observed in specimens of 2.V feet in diameter. Two
hundred healthy plants of Miltonia vexiilaria give
promise of an abundant harvest of flowers at a later
])eriod.

Plants of Ccelogyne eristata are verj' floriferous
this season here, and it is calculated that there will
not be less than 500 spikes yet to expand. The
Chatsworth variety is represented by a specimen
carrying forty-eight spikes of bloom. La:lia autum-
nalis is abundant and very showy, and L. elegans —
out of season — is likewise flowering in great beauty ;
L. anceps. Baker's variety, seemed to be a most de-
sirable variety to have in bloom at this season.
Dendrochilum glumaceum, in several examples, was
here flowering in profusion.

In succulent plants, in which the collection is still
rich, Cereus J. T. Peacock was bearing a beautiful
scarlet flower, tinted purple, a decided acquisition,
and better than C. Hoveyanum. All round, the
gardens bear testimony to the intelligence brought to
bear on the management by Mr. Vicary. B.

Home Correspondence.

^^ Correspondents will greatly oblige hy sending early
intelligence of local events likely to he of interest to
our readers, or of any niatters which it is desirable to
bring tmder the notice of horticulturists.

Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkable
plants, trees, cj'r., are also solicited.

MUSHROOM SPAWN.— I can endorse what " Head
Gardener " says in your last issue, regarding the
condition in which Mushroom spawn should be for
proper cultivation, Some few years ago (when I was
foreman here) my predecessor called my attention to
some beds of Mushrooms at a neigbouring place.
They certainly were a capital lot and ours were
quite a failure in comparison to them, still I did not
like to bear all the blame. One grievance that I had
to contend with was, that there was always about a
bushel of spawn from the previous year to use up,
and the spawn we got fresh could not have been
good. After I was appointed head gardener here I
changed my spawn by getting it from a local seeds-
man. The result of the change was surprising, as
Mushrooms with us have since been most plenti-
ful, in fact more than can be used by our family. I
still only get the same quantity of spawn (viz.,
2 bushels), and the treatment is the same now as
was followed when I was foreman, excepting that
one barrowload of half-decayed leaves is used to
every four of horse droppings, whereas before the

latter was employed without the leaves. I find it is
most important to have the material as dry as
possible, and for this purpose it is kept in an open
shed, and turned over frequently until the bulk of
the rank heat has escaped. After the bed has been
made it frequently rises to over 100°, and when it has
fallen to about 80°, the spawn is inserted and the
bed is covered with fine maiden loam. Our Mush-
room-house, which is usually kept at a temperature
of 55°, is heated by hot-water, and the frequent use
of the syringe about the walls and patli, and lightly
over the bed when it looks dry is most beneficial,
and especially so when the Mushrooms commence to
appear ; but in the case of a close and unheated
shed, where the bed is made on the ground floor and
coveretl with hay, one or two dampings are suflicient
during the lifetime of the bed. I shall be happy to
exchange with " Head Gardener " a brick of the
bought spawn which I am using for one of his own
make. Jamrs Lockhart , The Gardens; Alton Hall, near
Warrington.

VINES AND COLD.— In reply to " W. 11. B.'s" en-
quiries I may say I was similarly situated this last
March. The' facts were as follows : — The canes in
one of my late vineries had made growths of some
12 to 15 inches in length, and on entering one morn-
ing, after a severe frost, 1 was surprised to find one of
the Vines (a Golden Queen) drooping. I examined
the Vine, and xipon going outside found that tlie birds
liad scratched away all the protecting material from
this one Vine, leaving it quite bare. Having found
out where the mischief lay I at once had the Vine
shaded and syringed, but, after doing all I possibly
could for three weeks the Vine dropped whenever
the sun came out. 1 decided to cut the Vine down,
just inside the house, and in the course of ten days'
time it began to throw out strong, healthy shoots,
and having selected the strongest I encouraged it to
grow, and the result is a grand fruiting cane, and
not once did I perceive it to droop during the whole
season. In the middle of November, 1880, a friend
of mine had a Vine injured in the same way as
■■ W. K. B.," and the following spring he told me that
he could not perceive any difference between that
one and the other Vines in the same house, which 1
think myself may be accounted for by the Vines
being partially at rest, instead of, as in my case, in
full growth. E. Milncr, Sundornc,

FERTILIZING MOSS AND GARDENING AT GUN-
NERSBURY. — Is this experiment of Mr. Koberts
a case of plant culture " under difficulties " [vide the
'■ spongy soil " mentioned by your correspondent
" R. D." in the Gardeners Chronicle, p. 587), or is it
really a case of the " happy medium "? One heard
so much of the Dumesnil Fertilizing Moss, three or
four years ago, that there were great expectations, but
only small results were attained — that is so far as
readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle are concerned. 1
am inclined to think that your coiTcspondent was, at
the time of his visit to Gunnersbury, wearing his
rose-coloured spectacles. But if Bouvardias such as
these can be grown, matured, and wintered — for the
latter is to be kept sight of — why should not other
stuff (soft as well as hard wooded) succeed in the
Fertilizing Moss, or rather by its aid? I recollect
during some part of this season receiving by post a
little book sent out by a firm of horticultural sun-
driesmen in which the Fertilizing Moss was referred
to, and claimed by them as being their own specialty.
AVhether this is in any way different from the Du-
mesnil moss, and which quality it is that Mr.
Koberts uses, are questions I should like to have
answered. I, for one, am anxious to give this mate-
rial a trial, though I must say that at present I am
rather dubious about the results, and am also in-
clined to think that there is nothing better than a
good fibrous loam. How does Mr. Roberts think it
would suit Fuchsias and Gloxinias, for instance?
No doubt Coleus and similar free-rooting things
would do well in it, but what about fine-foliaged
plants and tuberous-rooted Begonias? I trust that
Mr. Koberts, " K. D.," or some one acquainted with
the details of the moss-culture will further ventilate
this matter. Win. Bell, Amieslcy Park.

ORCHID NAMING. — Without going into the
general question (in which most persons who know
a score or two of Orchids seem to wish to have a
hand), allow me to say that I entirely agree with
Professor Reichenbach in his arrangement of Odon-
toglossums which Mr. Douglas cites from the last
number of the Eoichcnbacfiia. The eight varieties
there placed under O. X lanceans undoubtedly come
from the same parentage, viz., between 0. cnspum

and O. odoratum, although widely difieriug from
each other, after the manner of seedlings and hybrids
generally, and hence requiring the final varietal
name for garden purposes. The use of the specific
name "lanceans/" to connect the whole, isjno innova-
tion, but comes in the same way as the admitted
name "labiata" for the greater part of the large-
ilowered Cattleyas for botanical purposes and for the
use of those who like, but my experience is that
gardeners do not use the names which apply to the
groups, but kindly take to any which briefly describes
the plant. James O'Brien.

LATHYRUS CCERULEUS AZUREUS AND L. MA-

GELLANICUS, — Can anyone explain the difference
between these ? Last spring I bought a packet of
seed of the first-named as anew and beautiful variety ;
the colour is very nice for a Fea, but when I saw the
seeds I said " It is Lord Anson's Pea." I planted it,
and when in flower, instead of spcing something new,
there stood an acquaintance of forty years ago. I
bought of a large leading flrm the second named sort
as one growing 1 foot high ; well, that was a correct
statement, as it grew to about 3 feet, and proved,
like the other, to be Lord Anson's. Of course, after
purchasing a plant at six times its real value, I was
much disappointed, as well as deceived. It is time
that more care be taken to supply the thing as offered,
I know of many very old things that are brought out
again after a few years as new ; such things ought
not to be, at all events let us hope that the lists of
1888 will be guiltless. J. S. C.

CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE.— In reply to " J. M. s "
inquiries as to what time of the year is best to put
corrosive sublimate on lawns, and which is the best,
dry or wet weather, I put it on any time from May
until September, but find the former best, as it keeps
the lawn free from worms for the summer. It can
be applied in either wet or dry weather, but I find
the worms come to the surface quicker if put on
after a shower on a warm evening. W. J. Prewett,
Bitterne, Southampton. [Great care should be taken
with this poisonous substance. Ed.]

CLEANING TOMATO SEED.— Doubtless " A. D.,"
]). 503, has had more experience in cleaning Tomato
seed than I liave, but I cannot quite understand
letting the fruit remain two or three weeks after
being gathered, absolutely ripe. My experience
is that Tomatos rapidly decompose when quite
ripe. Three years ago a few fruits were put
on one side for seed, we not being able to
clean them at the time. In the course of a few
days all the fruits turned black and the seed had
germinated. Perhaps the temperature they were
in may have had something to do with their decay,
the black colour being the work of a species of
mould. Since that time the seeds are cleaned as
the fruits are gathered. These remarks are not in-
tended for such extensive growers as " A. D.," but
for those who, like myself, save a small quantity for
their own use. I was not aware before that water
had any injurious effect upon the germinating power
of seeds, as Mr. S. Castle stated on p. G'Jl, or the
sun in drying them. Neither the one nor the other
seems to have done so here, as our seeds always ger-
minate well. I sowed a pinch of this year's seed in a
pot on November 15, every seed of which, I believe,
has grown. Perhaps Mr. Castle will kindly tell us
what effect water and sunlight have on the seed,
and also if the same rule holds good with Melon and
Cucumber seed, &c. A Foreman.

Mr. Castle is fully entitled to submit his

method of cleaning Tomato seed — a terribly tedious
one in the case of a bushel of fruit however —
but he is not entitled to suggest that seed cleansed
by washing in water is spoilt or unfertile. It
is little less than absurd to assume that seed
which has for weeks been maturing in a semi-
liquid pulp is harmed by being cleansed by im-
mersion in water for a few moments. So far from
harm resulting, I have ever found seed so treated to
be full of growth when sown. When a quantity of the
fruit is expressed into some utensil, especially when
the pulp has somewhat decayed — and that is Nature's
own process of liberating the seed for future germina-
tion— two or three runnings through of water
carries off all the pulp and light or useless seed, so
that what is left is perfect or matured seed ; then
strained through a flne sieve, and next through a
coarse cloth, the seed is half dried by pressing, and
when exposed to a dry but not hot air it soon dries.
The argument that fruits after being cut in two, and
the seed removed, may be utilized, will do very well
for people who are not too nice, but will hardly

758

THE GARDENEkS' CHBONICLS.

[Decembeb it, 1887.

avail with those who have ordinary stomachs. As to
the price of Tomato seed, something depends upon
the sorts, but it is certain that at wholesale prices
sixpennvworth of fruit will yield not more than three-
pennyworth of seed. All the same I cleaned up
this "year the product of a large quantity of
fruits, and may say that the product in seed
rather exceeded that of last year ; thus showing that
ample sunshine has something to do with seed pro-
duction. I should like to learn how the Continental
growers clean their Tomato seed, assnmingthey do so
largely. .(. -0.

NEW VARIETIES OF POT ATOS.— Many readers of
the Ganh-nrrf:' Chronicle may be glad to have a few
facts on the above subject from one who has for many
years tried tlie various new Potatos offered by the lead-
ing seedsmen to the public, and I have been careful
to take note of the results given by them. There is,
I fear, an oi>inion current amongst the smaller
growers and amateurs, that the list is already too
long, and therefore we have no need of new ones ;
in other words, they question the ability of tlis pro-
fessional grower of seedlings to jiroduce an improve-
ment. I have this season proved to my entire satis-
faction, that this is far from being correct. I, how-
ever, willingly own that some sorts are not suited to
the soil of some districts in this country, and that
others, at first good, soon deteriorate. But the
public is not perhaps aware of the gi'eat care the
seedsmen take to prove the merits of Potatos
thoroughly, before admitting them to their catalogue.
Most of the new seedlings are sent to the trial
grounds of the Eoyal Horticultural Society, besides
being tested by the seedsmen themselves. The fol-
sowing were gro^vn by me on moderately liglit sandy
loam : — Sutton's No. 40, twelve tubers weighed
33 1b.; Daniels' Empire State, twelve very hand-
some tubers weighed 26 lb.; Sutton's No. 30, six tubers
weighed 14 lb. ; other varieties also did remarkablv
well, viz.. Carter's Ashtop Fluke, Bedfont Prolific, The
Dean, Chancellor, Dean's Snowball, The Colonel,
Daniels' Charter Oak, Beading Russet, Fidler's Snow
Queen. Cli|>|ier and London Hero, and Bluebeard and
Fidler's Beading Giant, were all a very fine sample
of tuber, and a heavy crop. Sutton's No. 44 pro-
duced 13 lb, from a single root. The method of
cultivation employed is to have the ground deeply
manured with farmyard manure and dug in the
autumn. In the early part of March trenches are
opened with a hoe as for Peas, 5 inches deep and 2ti
— 30 inches apart ; tlie Potatos set along about 18 —
20 inches ajiart in the row ; the mould is then drawn
over as in earthing-up in the ordinary way. Being
an exhibitor at the International and other shows 1
have been anxious to guard against scab in the
tubers, which occurs in sandy soils, and which
troubled me very much for some time. Noticing that
sets from chalky clay soils did not suffer in this way,
I concluded that the cause was due to the presence
of lime in such soils. I then tried gas-lime, which
had the desired effect, and as a preventative against
the ravages of slug. That which I found gave the best
result was Norwegian fish manure — a substance rich
in phosphate of lime. I now strew this manure on the
soil before the furrows are made, every spring. X.

Societies.

RO'S'AL HORTICULTURAL.

SPl'X'IAL GENERAL MEETING.

Decemdeh 13. — A largely attended Special General
Meeting of this Society took place on Wednesday
afternoon, in one of the crush-rooms of the Royal
Albert Hall. Great interest was taken in the pro-
ceedings on account of the division among the mem-
bers of the Council. The President, Sir Trevor
Laivrence, Bart., JI.P., occupied the chair. The
special meeting was called for the purpose of re-
ceiving a report from the Council relative to tlie
position of the Society, and the action proposed to
be taken in the future. Many well known horti-
culturists were present and most of the members of
the Council.

The Ch.iikman in opening the proceedings ex-
plained that a question had been raised as to the
strict legality of the meeting, but that would not give
rise to any difficulty in carrying any resolutions which
might be passed, as the Council would rail a special
general meeting subsequently, to give legal validity
to any resolutions. He then went on to say that in
pursuance of the resolutions come to by the Society

to make the best efforts they could to secure such a
site as was pointed out by those resolutions, it
had been found that any site offering any advantage
Avould be so extremely costly that it would practi-
cally preclude the Society, in its present pecuniary
position, from going to sucli an expense. Several
sites, among others, some on the Embankment, had
been examined, but having regard to the great cost
the Council thought they could not recommend the
Society to embark on any of them, and the result
was that they were left in a position to some extent
unfavourable. Personallv he entirely agreed with the
remarks made in the Times that morning. He did not
think the Commissioners of the 18.51 Exhibition had
dealt either generously or liberally with the Society.
When it was considered that the Society had
expended close upon £100,000 in beautifying the
gardens, and in building arcades, &c., the whole of
which had been practically swept away by the action
of the Commissioners, he thought it certainly not too
much to say that they had not been dealt with with
very great liberality. Sir Lyon Playfair — there was
no disguising the fact — who was the principal voice
in directing the operations of the Commissioners of
1851, had never viewed the Society very favourably ;
and Sir Lyon I'layfair had himself told him that the
Commissioners felt it necessary to make an income
out of the gardens for their own purposes. As they
were aware. Her Majesty the Queen had expressed a
desire that the Society should remain in South
Kensington, and the Council had felt bound
by the expression of Her Majesty. He did
not think the Commissioners had felt equally bound,
and at all events the only proposal which had
emanated from the Commissioners had been one that
the Society should pay them a rental of £1000
a year for the use of what remained of the gardens
after the requirements of the Imperial Institute had
been met. The Council calculated that it would
involve the Society in an expenditure of at least
£2000, and inasmuch as that was more than the
total income of the Society, they did not see their
way to entertain any such proposals. It was now the
unanimous opinion of the Council, because some
gentlemen who held opposite views had either sent
in their resignations or were proposing to do so,
that the connection of the Society with South
Kensington had been one gravely disadvan-
tageous to the former. The question was, what
were they to do? The view of the Council was
that they should devote their attention to the main-
tenance of the Chiswick Gardens, and the con-
duct of plant, fruit, and vegetable trials there, and
possibly to the establishment of a school of gardening,
to the immediate engagement of such premises in a
convenient and central situation as miglit suffice for
office requirements, the safe housing of the Lindley
library, the meetings of the Society's committees,
and its fortnightly shows, to the maintenance of
which they attach great importance. He might
mention that the Society had been in possession of
Chiswick Gardens for sixty-five years, the results of
which would be thrown away if they ceased to occupy
the gardens. It was impossible to get similar accom-
modation anywhere else for the purposes which
those gardens had served so many years, and he con-
fessed itcould not but be absolutely destructive to the
Society and to any hope of future utility, and a serious
national loss were anything to happen to Chiswick
Gardens. The gardens would not cost more than
£1500 a year, and that was less than they had been
costing. He was very glad to see th.at whatever
might happen to the Society the Scientific Com-
mittee had no intention of being dissolved, and he
understood that tlie Fruit and Floral Committee
were animated by a like intention of continuous
vigorous existence. These two circumstances were
very gratifying. In regard to the past, the work of
the Society ought not to be forgotten, and one could
scarcely go a day's walk or ride into any part of the
kingdom without seeing evidence of the past activity
of the Society in the beautiful introductions by
Douglas, by Fortune, and many others ; and it ought
not to be forgotten that it was in no small degree
owing to the fact that the Society sent Fortune
to China, and that he was engaged by the East India
Company for the purpose of introducing Tea into
India. Indian Tea will next year be imported in
larger quantities than China tea — the first time in
the history of this kingdom. Another ]>oint was
whether the publication of the work done by tlie Society
might not be dealt with in a more systematic and satis-
factory way. Something in the way of more detailed
reports might be dra\vn up and periodically published.
With regard to the financial position of the Society,
at the end of the year they would probably be— as

they foresaw in June last— in debt about £1000.
Speaking for himself, he was not alarmed at that sum,
as in past years the Society had been more heavily
in debt. On one occasion it was in debt £17,000,
and on another £10,000. The fault had been —
if they might gather wisdom without criticising
their predecessors — that when they had had a term
of prosperity they immediately said the whole savings
must be spent, and on one such occasion, a large
dinner was given at Chiswick, which was attended
by a large number of the fashionable world. When
they had spent the whole of the money, they used
to get into debt as rapidly as possible again. There
would be an end of this sort of thing if the Society
were to devote itself strictly to the advancement of
practical and scientific horticulture, and they would
not then be catering for the fashionable world, of
which he thought they might entertain a legitimate
contempt. That fashionable world changed from day
to day, and what it loved one day it hated the
next. If they put their trust in the fashionable
world they would be depending on a broken reed.
The Chairman next spoke about the charter, and
mentioned that he had received a letter from the
Society's solicitors, and it appeared one of the most
difficult things in the world — having once had the
advantage of being under a charter — to get rid of it.
He was sorry to say it was very much like the Old
Man of the Sea who got round Sinbad's neck. It
would, perhaps, be better for him to read the letter.
He then proceeded to do so. the letter stating that it
would take from four to six months, at least, to ob-
tain a new charter, and that the cost would be about
£200. In the case of opposition the expenses would
be considerably increased. The solicitors con-
cluded the letter by stating " On the whole,
therefore, it seems that a new charter is the
only feasible mode of reconstructing the Society.''
The Chairman then went on to observe that,
as far as the Council were concerned they were
perfectly prepared to resign their positions in view
of enabling the Fellows to take what course they
considered advisable. He might add that to carry
on the Society the Council, or any modification of it,
should have sufficient funds, and it had been esti-
mated that £3000 a year was not at all too much to
ask, in view of the great work which had been done
by the ancient Society. He was quite sure that the
Society had not flourished, and had not done as good
work latterly, owing to the fact that it had been at
the beck and call of the Commissioners of the 1861
Exhibition. With regard to the debt of the Society,
had it not been for the loss on the Liverpool exhi-
bition the accounts would about balance. He thought
there would be no difficulty, in point of time, in get-
ting premises immediately for the purposes of the
Society in order that the fortnightly shows might
still be carried on, supposing that they got encourage-
ment from the Fellows in that direction. He had
received promises of donations amounting to about
£U00 towards establishing the Society in its new
home, and he had also received encouraging promises
of healthy support from numerous firms connected
with horticultural w^ork, while others were anxioas
to know more of what was proposed to be done
before they decided whether they would be able to
help the Society.

Replying to some questions, the Chaikm.vn said a
strong feeling had been expressed about the desirability
of increasing the numbers of the Council. So far as
the Council were concerned they were most willing
that that should be done, but that could only be done
under a suiijilementary charter, and not under the
existing one, because the latter distinctly stated that
the Council should consist of fifteen members.

Mr. Smee asked if members of the Society were
not, jointly and severally, liable for debts of the
Society.

Dr. HoQG replied that there was no personal
li.ability.

Mr. Smee said he would be willing to subscribe
towards obtaining a new charter, and he moved that
steps be taken in that direction.

Major Lendy thought there would be no difficulty
in raising the necessary funds, and seconded the
motion.

Jlr. Shikiev Hiuuekd urged that the present
Council should not be allowed to go, after their expe-
rience of 1872.

The Chairman said it was not with any idea of
showing the white featlier that the Council had made
that suggestion.

Jlr. Shiki.ev IlmnEED said he did not attribute
motives, but he wished to come to business. He
considered that a great deal more might be done at
Chiswick than had been the case in the past, and

hECEjraER 17, 188?.]

T:^E GARDENEnS' GUI^O'NICLE.

759

the unnamed rubbish which had been grown there
should give way to things of sterling value"; and
Chiswick should be a place of final proof only.
Every person sending plants for trial to Chiswick
should be charged, thereby making an lionest income
for the Society.

Mr. Peaksox said it appeared necessary that a new
charter should be obtained, and they should take
steps to form a new Committee partly of the members
of the Conncil and partly of the general Fellows, to
draw up the draft of a new charter.

Mr. J. J. Watts seconded tlie motion.

Mr. Haughton did not think the Society could be
governed under its existing charter. The minority
on the Council, of which minority he was one, looked
upon the question as a financial one. Funds should
be obtained, and these could not be obtained from
the purely scientific class of the community. The
Society had once a subscription income of £10,00U.
In 1874 it was £8000, and in three years it was
reduced by half by the taking away of the privileges
of the Fellows of the Society. If the horticultural
world meant to have a purely scientific society they
must put their hands in their pockets. That was
the plain issue between the two sections, and unless
the pure horticulturists were prepared to supply the
money, it was useless discussing the question. The
Society must go forward on one of these two lines, or
fall between them.

The Chairman pointed out that under the ex-
isting system, enough money was not taken at the
doors to pay for even the bands, therefore Mr. Haugh-
ton was labouring under a delusion. Anrthing more
hopeless than endeavouring to get money out of the
South Kensington people for the Horticultural So-
ciety never entered into the mind of man.

Mr. Veitcu said he should like to take that
opportunity to pay a tribute to the memory of
the late jlr. Geo. Eyles, a pupil of Sir Joseph
Paxton, who had done so much for horticul-
ture and in the laying out of the garden. He was
sure the majority of those present agreed to cor-
dially thank Sir Trevor Lawrence and the other
members of the Council who had conducted the
affairs of the Society under all difficulties. They,
however, wanted to see the Council enlarged if the
Society were to go on. They should also have a
paid Secretary, who would be called upon to devote
the whole of his time and knowledge to the Society,
as it was impossible for Mr. Lee to be at their beck
and call. If they could have committees for various
purposes, and were to act more on the lines of the
Royal Agricultural Society, there was still a future
before them. It was no use endeavouring to get the
Society to work under rules made in 1809 ; and unless
there was a remodelling he did not think they had
any future.

Kev. W. Wiles considered that fifteen members of
the Council were quite sufficient, and that " too
many cooks would spoil tlie broth." All that was
needed was that the Council should alter its rules
as to the election of the Council, and make regula-
tions to suit the popular and democratic sympathies
of the present day.

Professor M. Foster thought that some reconsti-
tution of the Council should take place, in order that
its members might be in closer touch with the
Fellows, and that a larger and more frequent infusion
of new blood into the Council might take place.

Mr. Dyer, Director, Royal Gardens, Kew, said
they wanted something more than money, and that
was a horticultural policy ; and he did not tliinkthey
could look for assistance from the public unless they
had a very different programme. They had catered
for the fashionable world, and had had skating-
rinks, fashionable gardens, and the like, but that was
not horticulture. The majority of the Council
thought that they must devote themselves to the in-
terests of horticulturists. There was no horticulture
in the world wiiich compared for a moment with the
excellence of the horticulture of this country. It did
seem astounding, seeing the enormous capital which
was sunk in horticulture in this country, that they
could not have a representative society at which they
could meet to talk about various matters, and gain
the knowledge which was essential to the horticultur-
ists of the country, and which they would not get in
any other way. If they had any rival it was
Belgium, where the recognition of horticulture by
the people was such that he did not see any corres-
ponding state of things in this country. It was no
use considering whether they were right or wrong in
going to South Kensington ; successive Councils had
done their best and had failed. To speak plainly,
the game was up. They could now retreat with
honour, and he did not despair at all. They should

make no rash experiments foreign to their business,
but should stick to their last, and try to impress upon
the public their earnestness to do good work in the
future.

Mr. JoH.v Lee considered that one-third of the
Council should be working horticulturists, who
should be leading seedsmen, and intelligent gar-
deners. They would then have a thorough working
Council.

Dr. Masters suggested that they should adopt some
such plan as a Grand Council, to which a large amount
of the work done by the Council might be delegated,
without necessitating the infliction of a new charter.
He moved a resolution embodying all the foregoing
motions, to the eftect that the Council carry out the
suggestions in paragraphs 0 and 8 of the appeal
issued, that that body should consider the desirability
[or not] of obtaining a supplemental charter, and
meanwhile vary the bye-laws in such a manner as
to insure the full control of the Fellows over the
election of oflicers and Council of the Society at the
annual general meeting. The following gentlemen
were also nominated by the same resolution as the
committee referred to: — Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.,
M.P. ; Baron Schroder, Jlr. G. F. Wilson, Professor
M. Foster, Mr. G. Smee, Mr. H. J. Pearson, Mr.
H. J. Veitch, Mr. Shirley Hibberd, Mr. Geo. Paul,
and Dr. blasters.

Mr. Pearson seconded the motion, which the
Chairman declared carried, with four dissentients.

The Chairman in closing the proceedings, said
the policy of stopping at South Kensington had been
tried, and found not to succeed. He assured them
that the Council had no desire but to do everj'thing
possible to resuscitate and reinvigorate the Society.
They believed that the continued existence of the
Society was necessary in the interests of the horti-
culture of the kingdom, and he should be very greatly
surprised if the people of this country did not sub-
scribe for the very modest sum they required for
carrying on the .Society. It was quite true thev
might create another Society in the place of the
present one, but their Society had a history and
traditions which could not be created in a day. It
was the intention of the Society to confine its efforts
to the maintenance of scientific and practical horti-
culture.

The following extract from the Proceedings in
Council of November S will be of interest at the
present juncture ; —

" Xovemher 8. — At a meeting of the Coucil held
this day — Present : Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.,
JI.P., in the chair; Col. Clarke, Col. Beddome,
Major Mason, Mr. Wilson, Jlr. Courtauld, Baron
Schroder, Jlr. Thiselton Dyer, and Jlr. Haughton —
a letter from the JIanager of the London Countv
Banking Company. October 14, sanctioning an over-
draft of £10fX) on the Society's account, was read.

" A verb.al communication made by the Assistant-
Secretary 1851 Exhibition Commissioners to the
Assistant-Secretary Royal Horticultural Society, to
the effect that it was now open to the Society to
lease the gardens at South Kensington at a rental of
£1000 per annum— such rent being guaranteed — was
reported. After some discussion, and taking into
consideration the financial position of the Society,
and that the acceptance of the above off'er would
involve the Society in an expenditui-e of £2000
a-year, at the least, for the gardens at South
Kensington alone : on the motion of the President,
seconded by Jlr. Thiselton Dyer, it was re-
solved by si,x votes to three, 'That the Council,
having regard to the present circumstances and
position of the Society, are unable to entertain
the proposal made, and are not prepared to enter
into further negotiations with the Royal Commis-
sioners of the 1851 Exhibition, for a lease of the
Gardens, in the belief that it is impossible to arrive
at a result which would be acceptable both to the
Fellows and to the Commissioners.'

" The following protest against the resolution was
made : — ' We, the undersigned, request that our pro-
test against the refusal of the offer of H. JI. Com-
missioners of 1851, communicated this day, without
the sanction of the Fellows of the Society, may be
entered in the minutes of Council this dav.
C F. JIason.

Signed \ William Haitchiox,
I R. T. Clarke.'

" The terms of a proposed appeal to horticul-
turists in support of the Society, as set forth in a
draft prepared by the President (see p. 727), were
discussed, some additions and alterations made and
agreed to, and a resolution passed, ' That the appeal
be printed and circulated, together with a copy of

Professor Foster's letter to the President, dated
July G, 1887.'

"A letter from the Assistant-Secretary, October 22,
in explanation of his resignation, was read. He was
informed that it would be open to him to withdraw
his resignation anv time before the next meeting of
Council."

THE COMMITTEES.

December 13. — These, the last meetings of the year,
were held in the conservatory at South Kensington,
on the above date, and were largely attended by
members of the various committees drawn thither by
the fact that a general meeting would be held to de-
cide the fate of the Society.

With regard to the exhibits brought to the meet-
ing, these were found in some considerable number
and variety, considering the unfavourableneas of the
weather for tender plants.

Floral Committee.

There were present: G. F. Wilson, Esq., in the
cliair ; and Jlessrs. J. Fraser, H. Herbst, W. Holmes,
W. H. Goldring, R. Dean, C. Noble, H. JI. Pollett,
E. Hill, H. Ballantine, J. Dominv, J. O'Brien, A. F.
Lendy, H. Turner, W. Wilks, and F. Baring, B.
Wynne, and J. Douglas.

From the garden of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.,
JI.P., came a showy and interesting collection of
varieties of Calanthe, consisting of C. nivea, C.
Veitchii lactea, C. V. oculata, C. amabilis, C. por-
phyrea, C. rosea, C. dubia — these mostly white or
pink of various shades, deeper and more vivid colour-
ing being found in C. 'Veitchii splendens, C. sangui-
naria, and C. Sedeni. In some instances, whether
by design or otherwise, two varieties were found
growing in one pot, and with pleasing eft'ect. A large
plant of Epidendrum pallidiflorum, comprising quite
a thicket of erect slender pseudobulbs surmounted bv
briinched panicles of creamy-white fiowers. The award
of a Cultural Commendation was made for this plant.
Of other plants in the Burford group mention may be
made of the pretty Cypripedium (enanthum grandi-
florum, a single plant with two or three blooms ; and
Cypripedium Leeanum maculatum, the conspicuous
dorsal sepal of a white colour marked with a middle
line of purple, on each side of which are purple spots
varying in size and density the further they are from
the central line.

A small plant of La^lia acuminata was exhibited
by A. S. Smith, Esq., Silvermere, Cobham (gr., Mr.
(iuartei-maine) ; the pale lilac flowers— the throat of
which is deep purple in colour — are not without
grace ; and a group of plants in a house would be a
relief where all else is showy. Two plants of Zygo-
petalnm JIackayi and Z. [maxillaria came from the
same grower.

R. T. Jleasures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge. Camber-
well (gr., Jlr. Simpkins), exhibited Cypripedium
Harryanum, a new species ; the lip is bronzy-green,
the petals are 2.} inches in length, the basal portion
coloured like the lip and the upper half tinted faintly
with rose, the dorsal sepal has the upper margin
white and is lined throughout with brown.

Some varieties of Orchids came from the garden
of T. G. Tautz. Esq., Studley House, Shepherd's
Bush (gr.. Mr. Cowley). These consisted of the fol-
lowing : — Lycaste plana rubroglossa, a cylindric-
ally formed flower, three sepals of which are
brownish-green, the petals of white, and the lip of
carmine colour ; Cypripedium Amesianum, C. Ash-
burtonix var. calopilum, C. lo, and others.

Jlessrs. J. 'Veitch & Sons, King's Road, Chelsea,
exhibited a stand of cut flowers of their hybrid forms
of warm - house Rhododendrons and several new
winter flowering Begonias, of which the newest was
Winter Gem, another of the hybrids raised by cross-
ing B. socotrana and a summer flowering tuberous
variety ; the flowers are rosy-crimson, and borne well
above the foliage, which is dwarf, round, and
peltate. An exquisite Adiantum, named Regina, was
sliown by Jlr. May, Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper
Edmonton. The plant has a dwarfish spreading, yet
compact habit, the stipes are shining and black, and
the pinn.-c are large — half an inch in the wider part
— diamond-shaped, with edges coarsely dentate : the
colour, as seen, was of a lively green. Jlr. W.
Soper, .'307, Clapham Road, S., showed a dense
habited Fern, Pteris claphamensisX, raised from P.
tremula and P. serrulata. It is distinct in habit
from others of the species, and likely to be of value
as a decorative subject.

Jlessrs. J. Carter & Co., 237, High Ilolborn, re-
ceived the award of a Silver Banksian Jfedal, for
a representative collection of their own varie-

■60

THE GAL'DENEBS' CHBOXICLE.

[Decemdeb 17, 1887.

ties of Ciiiiiese Primula. Tlie plants sliowu were
very well grown and bloomed, and occupied a larp;e
amount of table space. The latest novelty was Hol-
born Novelty, a flower white in the middle parts of
the petals, and stained with pink towards the edge.

Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, exhibited
plants of Friraula sinensis, Bridesmaid, a large
flower, somewhat fringed at the edge, the colour a
soft shade of i)ink ; P. s. King of Primulas, dark
crimson, excellent ; and many cut flowers of other
varieties. Some strangely beautiful hybrid Canna
blossoms, likewise came i'rom Mr. Cannell. These
bright flowers, of orange, yellow, crimson, scarlet,
will be found of great use in warm conservatories in
winter, and in the open air in summer-time.

Nerine Manselli, a flower of bright pink colour,
tinted with mauve externally, was shown by J. L.
Mansell, Esq., 2, Somerset Terrace, Guernsey.

Chinese Primulas, Empress, White and Crimson
King, were shown by Messrs. James, Woodside,
Earnham IJoyal ; and varieties of Christmas Koses
were shown by Jlr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham. Some
blooms of varieties of yellow and white Chrysanthe-
mums were sent by Jlr. A. H. Guilbert, gr. to Miss
Mansell, Queens Ivoad, Uuernsey, Mr. G. Stevens,
St. John's Xursery, I'utney, exhibited Lord Evers-
ley, a white incurved Chrysanthemum, a sport from
Princess of Teck, that has already been awarded a
Certificate by the National Chrysanthemum Society.

EiRST-CLASs Certificates.

To Adiantum Regina, from M.r H. B. May.

To Calanthe sanguinaria, from Sir T. Lawrence,
Bart., M.P.

To Pteris claphamensisX. from W. So]ior, Es<j.

To Primula Bridesmaid, from Messrs. Cannell &
Sons.

To Nerine Manselli, from J. L. Mansell, Esf|.

Tii Chr)'santhemum Lord Eversley, from G.
Stevens, Esq.

To Apple Newton Wonder, from Messrs. Pearson
& Sons.

Fruit Committee.

Present: Dr. R. Hogg, in the chair: and Messrs.
T. F. Rivers, J. Lee, J. Willard, W. Uenning, C:.
Ross, T. J. Saltmarsh, A. H. Pearson, J. Smith, G.
Norman, 3. Burnett, J. Woodbridge, H. J. Veitch,
W. Paul, S. Ford, P. Crowley, G. Bunyard, and
R, D. Blackmore.

Several lots of seedling Apples were shown ; but
none seemed to have been thought worthy of rank-
ing, excepting Newton Wonder, a large culinary
fruit, obtained by crossing Dumelow's Seedling with
Blenheim Orange. It is a high coloured fruit par-
taking something in form of both parents, 'and was
adjudged a Eirst-class Certificate.

Sir H. Thompson, llurstside. West Moulsey
(gr., Mr. Haskings), exhibited a Japanese plant,
Stachys afiinis, with edible tubers, new to this
country. It is of a dirty, semi-transparent
colour, and is about the size of a thrash's egg.
In shape it is like a Pear, constricted in two
or three places, and in flavour it resembles the
Jerusalem Artichoke. The plant grows about 1.^
foot in height, and produces numerous tubers at a
sliort distance from the surface of the soil. It was
Highly Commended. The plant is Stachys attinis,
described and figured in the Hcviie Hortico/c, 1885,
p. 2-3(5.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Eloral Comjiittee : Deceimber 7. — On this, the
last meeting for the present year, a good number of
Chrysanthemum sports were staged, some of them
promising, but scarcely one in the beat form. Prom
Mr. J. P. Kendall, the gardens, Templeton House,
Roehampton, came Japanese Chrysanthemum C.
Collins, a variety of American origin, the flowers
large, colour rich orange-red, witii a golden-yellow
surface ; a very fine and promising variety (First-
class Certificate).

From Messrs. W. & G. Drover, nurserymen, Fare-
ham, came Japanese II. Waterer, a large-flowered
variety with ribbon-like florets of a deep golden-
yellow colour, which was denied a First-class Certi-
ficate by one vote only ; also Japanese W. G. Drover,
deep rose with white centre, very large in size, but
somewhat coarser shown ; also J. Collins, described
above.

Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
sent Japanese Governor of Jersey, much in the
way ot Peter the Great, deeper in colour, as
well as blooming later: It promises to make

a very useful variety for blooming at the end
of December. From Mr. R. Mills, Southdown
Nursery, Shoreham, came Japanese Lizzie Miller, a
distinct sport from Peter the Great, brownish-red,
with yellowish -bufl' reverse. Under the name
of Jubilee came a sport from Hereof Stoke Newing-
ton, sent by Mr. Jas. Greyton, Station Road Nursery,
Belton, Great Yarmouth ; the colour pale rose, but
scarcely distinct enough : also a stand of pretty
single varieties, and a vote of thanks was awarded to
the exhibitor. Fiom Mr. Sullivan. Roehampton,
came Japanese Mrs. D. B. Chapman, deep purple witli
long florets— a taking variety, but scarcely distinct
enough. From Mr. J. Hamlin, Bletchley, Bucks,
came a sport from the Japanese Meg Merrilies, with
better arranged and flatter florets.

The usual competition for the Silver and Bj'onze
Medals of the Society with stands of varieties of
new Chrysanthemums took place. On this occasion
Jlr. R. Owen, Floral Nursery, JIaidenhead, was 1st
with a very good lot indeed, the -Japanese varieties
being Ralph Brocklebank, Mrs. Castle, delicate pink ;
Emilie Belloc, purple and white ; Mons. JIathonnet,
lilac-pink and rosy-purple ; Alcyon, rosy-purple ;
JIawett Postula, bright rose — very pleasing ; C.
Wagstaff, ])ure white ; Anna Roudiere, rosy-pink ;
Le Dauphinois, bright orange ; and Lady Cave, a
l>retty white variety — very free and pleasing, which
was commended for decorative purposes. Jlr. Owen's
stand also included Mrs. Norman Davis, a golden
sport from Princess Teck ; and Putney George, a
fine reflexed variety of a brilliant crimson colour.

The Bronze Medal was awarded to Jlr. G.
Stevens, .St. John's Nursery, Putney, who had
of Japanese varieties, Ralph Brocklebank, Jli-.
Tweedie, Jliss Nicholls, rosy-pink ; Bombardier,
bright magenta ; John Stevens, crimson, the reverse
gold ; Mr. H. Wellam, ivory-white, with slight
flakes of purple ; and Mrs, Norman Davis and Putney
George. From Mr. Taylor, gr. to Sir .J. Lubbock.
Bart., JI.P., came a fine collection of cut blooms of
incurved and Japanese varieties. Awarded a vote
of thanks.

From Jlessrs. Henry Cannell & Sons, nursoiymen,
Swanley, came a remarkable stand of very fine zonal
Pelargoniums. Bridesmaid, pure, large, and very
fine, and Swanley Gem Improved, were awarded First-
class Certificates of Merit. Other striking varieties
included Lily, pure white ; Countess of Derby, blush-
white ; J. L. Baldwin, shaded scarlet ; and Brilliant,
deep crimson. Advantage was taken of the last
meeting of the Floral (Committee to pass cordial
votes of thanks to the President, Jlr. E. Sanderson,
and the Hon. Sec, Mr. W. Holmes.

NATIONAL BOSE

The annual general meeting of the above Society
was held, by permission of the Horticultural Club, in
their rooms at the Covent Garden Hotel, South-
ampton Street, on Thursdav, the 8th inst.

The Vice-President, the Hon. and Rev. J. T. Bos-
cawen. and the Hon. Secretaries, the Rev. H. H.
D'Ombrain and E. Jlawley, Esq., together with thirty-
four members, were present.

The Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain read the annual report,
which bore testimony to the continued prosperity
and influence of the Society in its special s])here.

The financial statement, which was read by Mr. T.
B. Haywood, was entij ely of a satisfactory character.
The balance in its favour at the beginning of the
financial year now closing was £6 19s., and there
remains at the present moment a sum of £48 Ss. 2d.
to carry forward : the total expenditure having been
£■555 -is. 5f/., and the total amount of money received
£(;03 7s. 7''. In addition to the amount raised by
annual subscriptions, a further sum of £100 has been
contributed by members of the Jubilee Fund.

Having regard to the uncertainty prevailing in
regard to the future of the Royal Horticultural So-
ciety, the committee felt that it would be desirable
to make independent arrangements for the ensuing
year, the results of which have been, that the
Society's metropolitan show will be held at the
Crystal Palace on Saturday, July 7 ; and the pro-
vincial show iit Darlington on Friday, July 20.

HABPENDEN HORTICTTLTURAL.

Apple and Pear Exhibition and Congress :
December 7. — This proved a decided success, the
extent of the exhibition exceeding the expectations
of the promoters. There were eleven classes for
Apples and I'ears, and in most of them there was a
good competition, about 170 dishes being staged.

In addition, Jlr. Norman, gr. to the JIarquis of Salis-
bury, Hatfield ; Jlr. F. Emptage, gr. to J. S. Hill,
Esq., St. Albans ; Jtessrs. H. Lane & Son, nursery-
men, Great Berkhampstead : Jlessrs. J. Cheal & Son,
nurserymen. Crawley; and Jlr. G. Underwood, gr. to
C. R. Fenwick, Esq., High Firs, Harpenden, all had
miscellaneous collections of Apples and Pears ; and
Jlr. G. Beckett, gr. to H. H. Gibbs, Esq., Aldenham
House, Elstree, had a stand of twenty-four blooms of
Japanese Chrysanthemums of a very high order of
merit, and included the new white Ceres, very fine ;
Carew Underwood, Jlr. W. B. Clapham, magenta,
shaded with purple, very fine and distinct ; Jladame
Dubreuil, delicate pink, with slight flush of lilac ;
President Arthur, pale pink, with a deep pink margin,
an American variety, all new. and fine forms ; also
grand blooms of Belle Taule. Gloriosum, Jladame J.
It. Pigny, &c.

Mr. Norman's excellent collection of Apples and
Fears possessed a special interest inasmuch as it re-
ju'esented varieties found to do well in the Hertford-
shire district. Of Apples there were Gloria JIundi,
Beauty of Kent, Brabant Bellefleur, Alfriston, Lord
Sutlield, Nelson Codliu, Ilollandbury, Rymer, Cellini
Pippin, Jlere de Jlenage, Round Winter Nonsuch,
strongly recommended ; Blenheim Pippin. Syke
House Russet, Lord Burghley, Cox's Orange Pippin,
and Dumelow's Seedling. Of Pears, Nouveau Poiteau,
Duchesse d'Angouleme, Beurre Clairgeau, Uvedale's
St. Germain, Triomphe de Jodoigne, Easter Beurre,
Beurre Ranee, Catillac, Josephine de Malines, and
(;eneral Todtleben.

Messrs. J. Cheal & Son had about seventy dishes
of Apples, and thirty dishes of Pears — a thoroughly
good representative collection ; and the same can be
saiil of Jlessrs. Lane & Son's ninety varieties, which
included samples of Lane's Prince Albert, grown in
the open and on a wall, the superiority of the former
being strikingly represented.

Dessert Apples. — In the class for the best six dishes
of dessert Apples there were six collections, Mr. G.
Beckett, Aldenham House, being 1st with a very
good lot, consisting of Fearn's Pippin, Claygate
I'earmain, King of Pippins, Cox's Orange Pippin,
Scarlet Reinette, and Scarlet Russet ; 2nd, Mr,
Nutting, gr. to J. B. JIaple, Esq., JI.P., Childwick-
bury, with a very good lot. also consisting of Blen-
heim Orange, Ribston Pippin, King of Pippins,
Fearn's Pippin, Court Pendu Plat, and Cox's Orange
Pippin.

In the class for three dishes there were ten com-
))etitors, Jlr. T. Turk, gr. to P. Bosanquet, Esq.,
Little Berkhamstead, being placed 1st, with very
good samples of Blenheim Orange, Cox's Orange
Pippin, and one unnamed ; 2ud, Mr. T. Sanson,
Redboume, all unnamed.

There were thirteen dishes in the class for a single
one, Mr. Turk being 1st with very fine Cox's Orange,
Mr. Sanson coming a good 2nd with Blenheim
Orange.

Citiinari/ Apples. — Jlr. Beckett had the best lot of
six sorts out of five competitors, staging remarkably
good fruit of Blenheim Orange, Jlere de Jlenage,
Dumelow's Seedling, Ilanwell Souring, Golden
Noble, and Lane's Prince Albert ; 2nd, Jlr. Nutting,
with good fruit of Blenheim Orange, Lady Hen-
niker, Baxter's Pearmain, Dumelow's Seedling,
Hoary Jlorning, and Emperor Alexander.

Tliere were eight collections of three dishes, Jlr.
Nutting being 1st, with good Jlore de Jlenage.
Blenheim Orange, and Hoary Jlorning; 2nd, Jlr.
S. Tilbury, gr. to Jlr. Drake, Garrauds, Harpenden.
with Prince Albert, Winter Hawthornden, and Red
Winter Nonsuch.

In the class for a single dish there were fifteen
competitors, Jlr. Nutting being 1st, and Jlr. Turk
2ud, with XQry fine Blenheim Orange ; and Mr.
Sanson 3rd, with well finished Dumelow's Seedling.

Pears. — 'Fhere were but two collections of six
dishes of dessert Pears. Jlr. G. Underwood, gr. to
C. R. Fenwick, Esq., being 1st with Beurre Bosc,
Beurre Diel, Beurre d'Amanlis, and three unnamed ;
2nd, Jlr. G. Tilbury, with unnamed fruit.

There were three collections of three sorts, Jlr. G.
Underwood being 1st with Beurre Bosc, Hacon's
Incomparable, and Doyenne Boussoch ; 2nd, Jlr. T.
East, gr. to W. Littlechild, Esq., St. Albans, with
unn.amed varieties.

Jlr. Pepper, Tewin Water, had the best dish of six
dessert, staging very good Easter Beurre; Jlr.
Chennell, Wheathamstead, being 2nd, with BeurrS
Clarigeau.

There was but one collection of three dishes of
kitchen Pears. Jlr. Tuck being 1st with good samples
of Uvedale's St. Germain, (jatillac, and Bellissime
d'Hiver. Jlr. Tuck had the best single dish

Decembeb 17, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONIOLE.

761

showing BenrrA Bachelier ; Misi Sibley, Annables,
Harpenden, being 2nd with Uvedale's St. Germain.

At the sittings of the Congress, which seemed to
have aroused a good deal of local interest, aud was
well attended, papers were read by Mr. Richard Dean,
Ealing, on the "History of the Apple," and also on
the " Importation of Foreign Apples and Pears, and
the Influence on the British Fruit Trade ; " by Lieut. -
Col. Darnford, Rothamated Lodge, on " Ripening,
Gatliering, and Method of Keeping Apples and
Pears ; " by Mr. J. Cheal, Lowfield Nurseries, Craw-
ley, " On the Cordon System of Training Apple and
Pear Trees," illustrated with examples of cordon
trees ; and by Mr. W. F. Emptage, Hawkswick, St.
Albans, " On the Cultivation of the Apple and
Pear," and also " On the Diseases of the Apple, and
suggested Remedies." Some useful discussion fol-
lowed in each case, and the whole work of the Har-
penden Apple and Pear Congress must be pronounced
a distinct success.

Scotland.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.

Facts and Fallacies in Vine Geowing. — At the
meeting of the above Association on December 6,
a paper on the above subject, by Mr. Thomson,
Clovenfords, was read by Mr. Riddell, Grange Ceme-
tery.

Grape growing, the writer stated, had enormously
increased both in private establishments and as a
commercial speculation within the last thirty years.
There had also been great progress made in the
methods of culture, so that superior Grapes were now
less rare than in former years. Yet it had to be
admitted that there was a very large proportion of
the Grapes that were produced at the present time
which could only be characterised as second-rate in
point of quality. This might be expected always to
be the case so long as penny wise and pound foolish
methods of treatment were indulged in. The re-
quirements of different sorts of Grapes as regards
temperature and otlier atmospheric conditions
were not sufficiently studied by many Grape
growers. Some varieties required much more
heat than they actually get, and others succeeded
better under cooler conditions, but the " cool "
system advocated by some writers was not generally
applicable, and was, in the writer's opinion, a " com-
plete fallacy." An interesting fact in connection
with the Vine was, that when extended through
several houses, treated to start at different dates, the
plant accommodated itself to the varied conditions,
and presented the curious phenomenon of a plant at
rest in one house, in active growth and in fruit at
others, without any apparent injury resulting from
such an unnatural state of existence. With regard
to the practice of cutting and bottling Grapes,
the writer gave it as his opinion that while it
was expedient to do so in order to conserve the
energies of the Vine, the Grapes suffered in
quality thereby as they were always freshest and
best in flavour when cut direct from the Vine.
The subject of over-cropping was dealt with arrd
condemned, and alluding to the theory that had
sprung into practice in some quarters of pulling all
out of the Vines that could be got in a few years
and replanting; Mr. Thomson considered it was a
measure of questionable utility, and not likely to be
generally adopted. On the subject of manures the
writer was of opinion that the inordinate use of farm-
yard manure, so commonly practised in the past and
even now, was a fallacy, and stated that at Cloven-
fords they had used it only most sparingly for
some years past, and had relied for both nutriment
and stimulant almost solely on their own "Vine
and plant manure."

Considerable discussion followed bearing chiefly
on the question of the relative value of ma-
nures, the general opinion appearing to coincide
with that of the writer, that a more sparing use
of cfnde manure is beneficial. On the subject of
Grapes shrivelling after they are cnt and bottled,
Mr. MoHattie, New Battle Abbey, was of opinion
that it was chiefly due to defective fsftilisation, aa he

invariably noticed that the worst affected berries were
either stonelesa or partially so.

At the same meeting a paper on the " Culture of
Cattleyas and Laelias " was read by Mr. Laing, Salis-
bury Green. Adverting at the outset to the un-
rivalled beauty of the genera, the writer remarked
on the close relationship of the two, and on the fact
that, in a general way, the cultural requirements of
each are similar.

Exceptions to the general rule as regards tempe-
rature were pointed out, as in the case of Cattleya
citrina, which was better associated with Odonto-
glossums, and, as in the case of Mexican species,
which should receive cooler treatment than those
of Brazil and Columbia. The paper led to a brief
discussion on points such as air giving and syringing,
the temperature of the water, aud other points of
a practical sort.

The thanks of the meeting were cordially voted to
both Mr. Thomson and Jlr. Laing for their excellent
papers.

The only exhibit presented was a collection of
pompon Anemone Ctirysanthemums by Mr. Foote.
Parson's Green, Edinburgh.

Trade Notices.

THE LAWSON NURSERY AND SEED
COMPANY.

We learn that the company has sold its stock and
interest in the business carried on at Bangholm
Nurseries, Ferry Road, Edinburgh, together with
the reversion of the lease, to Messrs. James and
Robert B. Ferguson, both well known and respected
names in the trade. The latter gentleman has been
manager of the Lawson Company for some time, and
was for seventeen years counected with the Newton
Nurseries, Chester (Messrs. Jas. Dickson & Sons) in a
similar capacity. Mr. James Ferguson has managed
the Northumberland Agricultural Supply Associa-
tion's business for fourteen years, and was formerly
manager of Messrs. Jas. Dickson & Son's (Chester)
seed department.

The Apiary.

■WAX.

I HAVE not yet been able to ascertain whether it is
possible for wax to be better one year than it is
another. Of course, honey varies very much both in
quality and quantity. The British Bee Journal (a very
great authority) says that this year the quality of the
honey is very good, though the honey season was
short. For the last year or two the comb I could
spare for wax extracting has been very small indeed,
but this year I have had a good clear-up, and found
myself with about 2 bushels of old and broken pieces
of comb. My time being fully occupied, I set a boy
to put all the pieces into a sack, and ram it down
tight, and tie np the mouth of the sack. This
done, said boy was told to light the copper-fire, the
bag liaving been put in previously, and the copper
filled with water. A heavy stone was put on the
bag to keep it down. As there was so much combs, I
allowed it to boil some time, till I thought all the
wax was out of it, when the fire was allowed to go out,
and all left till the next morning. 'When examined
I found all the wax on the surface, and though of a
very good colour, there was a little mixture of refuse.
I might say here that there was not a particle of wax
left in the bag — nothing but refuse.

The wax was all collected, put into a large tin
vessel about half-full of boiling water. The wax,
being broken up into small pieces, the vessel was
placed on the fire till the wax all became liquid.
There was a slight scum on the top, which was
removed, then all was allowed again to cool. 'When
the water was quite cold a beautiful thick cake of
wax was at the top, and though I have carefully
extracted wax many times, I .have never had such

clear wax before, hence my remark at the beginning
of this article. Of course If a cook reads this article
she will say this is nothing new, as wax, being fat,
it is the proper way to clarify it.

While speaking of wax I would strongly advise bee-
keepers, especially cottage bee-keepers, to work
their bees so as to get wax as well as honey. Good
wax will always fetch a good price in England, and
I have previously said that Continental bee-keepers
value the wa.x more than the honey, and instead of
having a surplus stock can hardly supply the market :
this probably because of its use as candles in the
ceremonials of the Romish Church. Inferring from
my results this time I should say if your comb be
large in quantity use the copper— if small, use the
extractor. Walter Chitty, Pewsey.

Variorum.

Method for Preserving the Colours of
Flowers in Dried Specimens.— The preservation

of the colour in dried flowers, leaves, and stems is a
matter which has interest for a considerable section
of the public, and as a method, not generally known,
in Britain, by which this is secured, has been prac-
tised in Berlin with great success for several years,
I propose to give a description of it. It is described
by Mr. Hennings in the Abhandlungen des Botaiiischen
Vereins des Proving Brandeiiburg , bd.- xvii. (1885)
The flowers to be preserved are put into water satu-
rated with sulphurous acid, to which methylated
alcohol (ordinary strength) is added in the proportion
of one part of alcohol to three parts of water. Plants
with thick leaves are left in the fluid for a day or a
day and a half, delicate flowers only from five
minutes to half an hour. The specimens are then
removed and the fluid on the surface is allowed to
evaporate by exposure to the sun or artificial heat,
and when this has taken place the specimens are
then placed between sheets of drying paper in the
usual way. As a rule it is not necessary to change
the paper. Treated in this way plants either retain
from the first their natural colour, or, as sometimes
happens, the colour, which alters slightly at first, or
even disappears altogether, is regained in a short
time. Flowers especially scarcely lose any of their
natural splendour. A difficult part of the process, in
the case of delicate flowers, is the laving out of the
parts upon the drying paper after treatment in the
solution. Not only does the method preserve colour
but it also hastens the process of drying. As in-
stances of this Mr. Hennings mentions that the glo-
bose stems of Euphorbia globosa were dried in th.ree
days ; the juicy and thick rosette of species of Eche-
veria, Crassula, and Sempervivum in two days ; the
fleshy inflorascences of Orchidere, Araceas, Melasto-
maceaa in one day; and all kept their natural colour
completely, or nearly so. Plants, too, which usually
turn black on drying, such as Lathraea squamaria,
Melampyrum, and others, when treated in this way,
keep their natural colour. A solution once made may
be used over and over again. Selmar Schd?iland
Oxford, in "Annals of Botany."

The Weather.

MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
ING THE WEEK ENDING DEC. 24. (AVERAGE OF
FOKTY-THHEE YEARS.)

Dec. 13 ...

... 40°.0

Deo. 22

.. 39».0

„ 19 ...

... 39°.8

„ 23

.. 38°.9

.. 20 ...
„ 31 ...

... 39°.7
. ... 39».4

„ 24

Mean for the week

.. 39°.4

THE PAST WEEK.

Thb following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Dec. 12, is furnished from the
Meteorological OflBce : —

" The weather has been in a very changeable and
unsettled condition over the whole kingdom.

762

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembbe 17, 1887.

3?requent and rather heavy rain has fallen over the
southern parts of the country, and rain, sleet, or
snow in the northern districts.

"The temperature has continued a little above the
mean in ' England, S.W.,' and the ' Channel Islands,'
and has been equal to it in ' England, S.,' but in all
other districts it has been below. In ' Scotland, N.,'
the deficit has been as much as 7°. The highest of
the maxima, which were recorded on the 8th, varied
from 46° to 52° in Scotland, from 53° to 5S° in Ire-
land, and from 52° to 59° over England. The lowest
of the minima were generally registered either on the
11th or 12th, when the thermometer fell to 11° in
' Scotland, N.,' 16° in ' Scotland, E.,' and to between
21° and 25° in all other districts excepting the
■' Channel Islands,' where the lowest reading was 33°,
. " The rainfall has been rather less than the mean
in ' England, N.E.,' and ' England, E.,' and equal to
it in ' Scotlond, E.,' but more in all other districts.

" Bright sunshine shows an increase in Scotland
and in ' Ireland, N.,' but a decrease elsewhere. The
percentage of the possible amount of duration
ranged from 8 in ' Scotland, N.,'and from 10 to 20 in
most other districts to 28 in ' Scotland, E.'

Notices to Correspondents.

[ Acciimulated temperature indicates the combined i

duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
dejjrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1' continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatttbe.

Above or
below the
Mean for
the week
ending
Dec. 12.

Accumulated.

DtBTRicre.

SI

li

5 c^
III

il

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

Day-
deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

7 below

0

71

-1- 39 -H 108

1. Scotland, E. ...

4 below

0

61

-t- e.'i -^ 97

3. England, N.E. ...

4 below

0

46

— 91 -f 119

3. England, E. ...

3 below

1

42

— 165 -f 24.5

4. Midland Cos. ...

1 below

5

41

— 128] -H 240

5. England. S.

0 (aver.)

14

,33

— 203

-1- 199

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland. W. ...

3 below

1

41

— 8.8' -(- 138

7. England,N.W....

3 below

2

33

— 100 -)- 143

8. England, S.W. ...

1 above

28

14

— 149 -f 220

9. Ireland, N.

3 below

6

34

-h 102 -^ 29

10. Ireland, S.

1 below

15

2S

+ 102' -^ 138

— Channel Islands

1 above

33

0

— 120' -^ 73

Rainfall.

Bright

Sunshine.

Districts.

°l

2i

ill

III

•1"-

|||

Principal Whcat^pro-
dutiog Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. Scotland, N. ...

3 more

224

38.8

8

23

1. SCOTtAMD, E. ...

0 (aver.)

170

23.4

28

32

2. Esa\.iXD. N.E. ...

2 less

158

18.7

17

32

3. ENQLAin), E. ...

2 lesa

150

18.1

14

39

4. Midland Cos. ...

Imore

1.37

18.4

12

38

8. England, S. ...

4 more

139

20.7

11

39

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

171

36.5

13

34

7. England, N.W....

4 more

160

23.7

10

35

8. England, S.W....

7 more

147

26.3

21

45

9. IKELAND, N.

4 more.

174

30.3

20

32

10. Ireland, S.

6 more

148

26.8

13

39

— Channel Islands

4 more

166

23.6

IS

49

Books — Rose Cultivation : W. J. P. For your
requirements The Hose Garden^ by W. Paul, is the
best. (London : Kent & Co., Paternoster How.)

Bocssisgadltia ; A. P. To get this plant to grow
freelv, and flower, it should be planted in well
enriched sandy loam, and the situation should be
warm and thoroughly draiced. The flowers of B.
baseloides are white,; and altiraately become black.
They are produced in clusters towards the ends of
the branches. B. Lachasmei, a species requiring
stove treatment, has pink flowers.

Chevsanthemuji Sport from Etoile Dn Midi :
H'. S. We think it is a fine flower, and well worthy
of being grown for exhibition or general decorative
uses.

Chrys-^nthemums : W. Power. We cannot depart
from our rnle with regard to florists' flowers. Send
them to a trade grower of the flower.

Clematis Grafting : A. P. This operation is done
during the months of February and March, ripened
shoots 2 — 3 inches in length being grafted on
vigorous pieces of the roots of C. flammula, or on
the entire root of seedlings of that species, care
being taken to cut sufficiently low that no buds are
likely to be emitted by the stock. The grafts may
be clayed, or grafting-wax used, to exclude air and
water, and placed in sandy loam over slight bottom-
heat.

Cosccta : C. M. 0. Chlorophyll is only relatively
absent ; it exists in the embryo, at least we think
we remember to have seen it.

Notice to Quit Occupation of Land : A Constant
Header. It would be advisable to take legal advice
in the absence of any agreement.

JIanetti Stocks : .1'. Y. Z, Please send some more
specimens.

Monthly Record of Bright Sunshine : T. D. "We
do not know of a monthly record, but a weekly one
is to be found in our columns, together with other
information about the weather for the past week.

Names of Fruits : J. W. 3, London Pippin ; 2, King
of the Pippins ; 5, Allan's Everlasting ; 6, Lamb
Abbey Pearmain. Pear : Quite decayed. — No
~ "" Orange; 4, Rymer; 5, not

Beurre Clairgeau.— T. F. C.
S.—J. C. W. In spite of
repeated notices that " we can only ns.me six
fruits at a time " you have sent us over forty,
several decayed, and very badly packed in dirty
decayed evergreen Oak catkins, full of maggots,
without a scrap of paper, so that every fruit had
to be wiped clean to enable us to see the colour of
the skin. We name a portion in the best way we
can: — X , Court Pendu Plat; 4, Warner's King;
4, (orchard) New Hawthornden ; 2, (orchard)
Waltham Abbey Seedling ; 9, Sweeney Nonpareil ;
10, Claygate Pearmain; 3, and x'x, Hanwell
Souring ; 18, 11, and XXX, Dumelow's Seedling ;
21, Dutch Mignonne ; 48, French Crab; 84,
resembles American Mother; 57, Fearn's Pippin ;
111, Rymer; 13, Lord Grosvenor ; 68, Golden Noble;
85. Cox's Pomona. Pears : 8, Knight's Monarch ;
l.Uvedale's St. Germain; 90, Glou Morceau ; 29,
Old Colmar ; 15, Josephine de Malines ; 14,
Verulam ; 30, Old Crassane ; 41, Beurre de
Capiaumont. It is no part of our bargain to name
your fruits, though we are very willing to oblige as
far as we can do so consistently with other obli-
gations. Really, if you require us to name so
many fruits, you should in fairness reimburse us
the costs connected therewith. — C. Sims. 1, Golden
Noble ; 2, Waltham Abbey Seedling ; 3, Rymer.
— Thos. benny. Pear Beurrfi Langelier. Apple:
Gravenstein.

Names of Plants : J. B. Can you not find a
withered leaf, or wait till the spring, and send us a
leaf? The Ash is covered with a scale insect like
that whicli attacks the Beech. Cut the tree down,
and bum it. — E. L. 1,3 and 4, Athrotaxis cupres-
soides ; 2, A. selaginoides. Oh ! that everyone sent
such carefully labelled specimens as you do. — W.
A. Ti'. Next week. Such inquiries should be addressed
to the Editor ; he has nothing to do with the
financial or business department of the jmper. —
T. S. 1, Tradescantia discolor; 2, Griselinia
lucida ; 3, Ficus PSrcelli ; 4, Hoft'mannia Gies-
breghtii_variegata ; 6; Acalypha Macafeeana. We
do not name Crotons. Next time, please address
.your enquiry to the Editor. It is not a business

letter. 3, Blenheii
recognised. Pear
Northern Gr

question. — J. McY. 2, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,
double-buff; 3, Adiantum ciliatum ; 4, Gymno-
grammatartarea ; 5, Davallia Tyermanni ; 6, Asple-
nium Belangeri. — A, K. H. 2, Polypodium
aureum ; 2, Loraaria spicant ; 3, Maxillariapicta;
4, Adiantum hispidulum. Capital specimens,
well packed. If all our correspondents were as
thoughtful, our labours would be much diminished.
— W. W. Your Cattleya is not C. aurea, but a
badly developed C. gigas.

Peach Buds Falling : EnnisJcerry. The wood is
not so well matured as the wood of Peaches under
glass should be. The trees are possibly too far
from the glass, or there may be too much wood
laid in yearly. Bud dropping is usually caused by
dryness at the root, and especially in autumn and
winter, when the trees are resting.

Podocarpus Roots : C. M. 0. In those you for-
warded before the tissues of the root were hard
and woody and seemed unlikely to be the home
of fungus, but the specimens now sent will receive
more careful examination.

Ruthin Castle : H. F. Views of the Castle alone
would have no value for us ; but garden views
would have. Please send specimens.

Seeds : G. H. Seeds of some Bignonia or allied
plant ; it is impossible to say exactly which one
without further evidence.

Superphosphate of Lime : A. P. This manure is
made by dissolving bone-dust with one-fourth of
its weight of oil of vitriol, adding an equal quantity
of water after each portion of the acid. It is phos-
phate of lime, the other being the trade name,
implying its excellence as a manure for quick-
growing crops.

T'welve Apples for Market Purposes at Cork :
G. L. Ecklinville, Keswick Codlin, Cox's Orange,
King of the Pippins, Hoary Morning, Ballyfatten,
Red Kane, Kerry Pippin, Court ot Wick, Wor-
cester Pearmain, Irish Peach, Warner's King.

Vineyards : E. We repeat some instructions from
a former volume, together with tiie Editor's com-
ment at the time : — "Plant your Vines 4 feet apart
every way ; dig holes, and in each put a very little
rotten manure ; place your plant in the centre,
and firmly press the soil round the plant ; cut
layers down the first year, cuttings the third year,
leaving about six eyes only to break from ; this to
be performed in February. Select three of the
strongest shoots to remain to each plant ; always
retain last year's wood for bearing. The summer
pruning consists in stopping each shoot when
4 feet high ; at which height they must remain,
and cutting away all laterals ; the three shoots to
be tied loosely, as Raspberry canes, to admit the
light, &c. ; the ground to be kept clean by hoeing
only. Each plant will produce, on an average, a
dozen bunches ; the lowest produce from 1 acre of
poor ground, worth 10«. an acre, as follows : —
3500 plants, 42,(X)0 bunches of Grapes at one
farthing per bunch, £43 odd. Good wine cannot
be made in England ; and bad wine may be bought
cheaper than it can be made," was the editorial
comment at the time.

Communications Received.— D. M.. Kew. — L. Sutton. —
E. B.— E. P.. Ghent (letter will follow).— Dr. T.. Padua.—
J. S. Bowdon.— W. W.— L. L., Brussels.— W. E. G.— F. D.
. H.— R. H. M.— D. O. (thanks).— T. C. Photos (many

ink

.— T

C

Y.
-W

— C
M.-
B.

Si
-E
-J

b'

H.

W

c.

s.

.-F
-W.

L.
H.

■

— W.-
-N. E

Sir
B.

s.-

-s.

H

E.-

-N.-

ARKETS.

COVENT GARDEN, December 15.

Prices remain the same ; business again quiet.
James Webber, Whohsale Apple Market.

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. dor.... 6 0- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ,.. 0 4-
Celery. per bundle .,

Green Mint, bunch..
Herbs, per bunch ' ..
Leeks, per bunch ..
Lettuce, per dozen ..

16-20
0 G- 1 0
2 a- ...

Mushrooms, punnet 16-30
Mustard and Creas,

punnet ... ... 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel... 6 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ...
Potatos, per cwt. ...4 0-5 0

,, kidney, perrwt. 4 0-60
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 &- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 3 0- ...
Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ...
Turnips. j»r bunch.-.. 0 8- ...

Potatos. — Regents. 60«. to 1205. ; Magnum Bonums, 60*. to
803.; Be&uty of Hebi-ons, 100«. tO llO«.; VictoTtas, lOOT.
, per too.

Decembek 17, 1887.]

TEE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

763

FBtriT.— Average Wholesixb: Pbioes.

Apples, f-siere ... 13-36
Grapes, per lb. ...10-3 0
— Channel Isl., lb. 10-16
Kent Cobs, 100 lb.. ..55 0- ...
Lemons, per case ...lU 0-21 0

. d. s, d.

■ 2 0

Melons, each ... 0

Pears, ^sieve ... 3

— French, dozen... 10-16
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-50

Plants in Pots.— Ateraqe Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Azalea, per dozen ...30
Bouvardia, per dozen 9
Chrysanthemums,

per dozen 6

Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dractena terminalis,

per dozen

Epiphylli
Ericas, v

Euonymi ,

per dozen
Ferns, in v

per doz. 9
doz. ...18
doz. 9

0-18 0
0-42 0
0-12 0

0-18 0
0-24 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0
0-24 0
0-18 0

, doz! 4 I

per dozen 6

Ficus elastica. each . 1
Foliage plants, van

Hyacinths, doz. !!! 9
Lily of Valley, 12 pts.SO
Marguerites, doz. ... 9
Myrtles, per dozen... 6
Palms, in var., each 2
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ... 3
Poinsettias, doz. ...12

0-10 0
0-12 0
0-36 0
0-12 0
0-12 0
6-21 0

Prii

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons. 12 bun ...
Arum Lilies, 12 blms.
Azaleas, 12 sprays ...
Bouvardias, per bun.
Camellias. 12 blms...
Carnations, 12 blms.
Chrysanth., 12 bun.
— large, 12 blooms
Cyclamens, 12 blma.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias. 12 blooms
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Hellebore, or Christ-
mas, Rose, 12 blms.
Hyacin..Rom., 12 sp.
Lily of Valley, 12 spr.
Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette, 12 bun.
Foinsetttia. 12 blms.

10-40
0-3 0
1 0-18 0
10-60
16-10
.0-80
0-9 0
16-10

9-2 0
6- 1 0
0-2 0
0-6 0
0-6 0
0-9 0

Narciss., paper white,

12 sprays 1

Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0

— Starlet, 12 spr.... 0
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0

— single, 12 bun.... 4
Roses, Tea, per doz. 1

— coloured, dozen. 2

— red,perdozen ... 2

— Safrano, dozen... 1
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0
Tulips, 12 blooms ... 1
Violets, 12buDches... 1

— French, bunch... 1

— Fr. Parme, bun. 3
White Lilac, French,

per bunch 6

6- 4 (
0- 4 (
0- 3 (
0- 2 (
0-12 {

SEEDS.

London : Dcceinher 14. — Messrs. John Shaw &
Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., write
that the quietude customary towards Christmas now
characterises the trade for field seeds. Quotations
all round continue exceedingly firm: meantime no
transactions of importance are taking place. Ameri-
can cables report red Clover seed strong. The
supply of Sainfoin is still extremely short, and more
money is again demanded. There is but little Italian
Rye-grass, apparently, now held in France. In
bird seeds there is no quotable variation. Other
articles at this quiet season offer no subject for
remark.

CORN.

Averages. ^O^c'ial statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended December 10 :— Wheat, 31s. 2d.; Barley,
295. ; Oats, 15s. lid. For the corresponding week
in 1886:— Wheat, 33s. Id.; Barley, 27«. ; Oats,
16s. 9d.

CATTLE.

The Christmas Market. — Islington : Decen^her 13.
— The supply of cattle at the Christmas market was
not so great as last year by 500 head (the number
shown this year was 6420. The quality of those
offered was, however, uniformly good, and there was
an advance in price. On the other hand the supply
of sheep was much larger than in 1S.S6, and prices
declined as compared with last year.

Cattle. — That supply was judiciously adjusted to
the requirements of the occasion was shown by the
result of the day's business, in which a fair clearance
was effected without depression, at the advance in
prices. Of the choice cattle, including Scots, Devons,
and Herefords, the prices ranged from 6s. to 5s. 4rf. ;
exceptionally, bs. 6d. ; shorthorns, 4s. \0d. to 5s.
These prices are about 2d. to 4id. per 8 lb, above the
rates obtained at last year's market.

Sheep. — The supplies were, as above noted, larger
than in 1886 (13,330 against 11,390), and the col-
lection was extremly even and prime, consisting
almost entirely of Downs and half-breds, which are
most in favour at this period. The trade was rather
disappointing, the pick of the Christmas qualities
rai;iging frWm be. to Ss. \d., being Qd. per 8 lb. loVer
th^ the Christmas market last year.

FRTHT AND VEGETABLES.

CoLDMniA : December 14. — Good supplies of all
kinds of farm and market garden produce, with a
fairly good demand, at following quotations: — Sprout-
ing Broccoli, 2s. per sieve; Turnip-tops, 2s. to
2s. 6(^. do.; Spinach, 2.t. to 2s. 6rf. do.; Brussels
Sprouts, 2s. Qd. to 3s. 6rf. per half-sieve ; Cauliflowers,
2s. 9cZ. to 10s. per tally ; Savoys, 45. to 14s. do. ;
Turnips, 2s. 9rf. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots,
Is. Qd. to 2s. Qd. do. ; Greens, 25. 9rf. to 4s. do. ;
Beetroots, 2s. to 2s. 6rf. do. ; English Onions, 10s. per
cwt. ; foreign, do., 7s. to 8s. per bag of 110 lb.;
stewing Pears, 4s. to bs. ^d. per bushel ; dessert do.,
4s. to 7s. 6rf. do. ; cooking Apples, 2s. 6^. to bs. do. ;
dessert do., 3s. to 7s. do. ; Carrots, 30s. to 46s. per ton.

Stratford : Deceniher 14. — Both trade and supply
have been good. Quotations : — Cabbages, 2s. Qd. to
bs, per tally ; Savoys, 7s. Qid. to 10s. do. ; Greens,
3*. to 3s. Qd. per dozen bunches ; Cauliflowers, Is. Qtd.
to bs. per dozen ; Turnips, 2s. Qd. to Ss. per dozen
bunches ; do., 355. to SOs. per ton ; Parsnips, Of/, to
Is. per score ; Mangels, 16s. to 20s. per ton ; Swedes,
2l5. to 245. do.; Onions, Dutch, 6s. to Is.Qd. per bag ;
do., German, 8s. Qd. to 9s. per case ; Apples, Ameri-
can, 14s. to 18s. per barrel ; Watercress, 6<^. per
dozen ; Celery, Os. to 12s. do. ; Carrots, 2s. Qd. to 3s.
per dozen bunches.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : December 13.— The
market has been fully supplied with second qualities,
but best goods not so plentiful. Quotations : —
Hebrons, 80s. to 110s.; Regents, 60s. to 105s.;
Magnum Bonums, 80s. to 90s; Champions, 60s. to
75s. ; German Reds, 60s. to 70s. ; Dutch Rocks, 50s.
per ton.

Columbia (East London) : December 14. — Quota-
tions:— Beauty of Hebron, 80s. to 120s.; Champions,
50s. to 60s. ; Regents, 55s. to 70s. ; Victorias, 55s. to
705. ; Magnums, 47s. Qd. to 70s. per ton.

Stratford : Deecmher 14. — Quotations : — Scotch
Magnums, 75s. to 90s. ; Regents, 75s. to 90s. ; English
light land Magnums, 60s. to 70s. ; fenland do., 47s.
to 55s. per ton.;

Imports. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 8196 bags Hamburgh, 2225 Harlingen,
4 Ostend, 2 Ghent, 2005 packages 1200 cases Bremen,
15 bags Boulogne, 20 cases Bordeaux, and 1 case
from Rotterdam.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 80s. to 98s. ;
inferior, 65s. to 82s. ; hay, prime, 705. to 92«. Qd. ; in-
ferior, 4.^5. to 75s ; and straw, 27s. to 40«. pflr load.

Publications Received.— JWe sur un Pied de

Vigne en Californie. Par Ch. Jolt. (Paris: G.
RouQiER &'CiE., 1, Rue Cassette.) — Complete Series of
Sketches in Relation to the Petite Culture System,
&c. ; Christmas Supplement. Edited by D. Nicole.
(London : Council of the Engineering and Sanitary
Association, 12, Buckingham Street, Charing Cross,
W.C.)— ^ Schema for Establishiiig Small Holdings.
By J. A. Adams. (London: Alexander & Shep-
HEARD, Lonsdale Buildings, 27, Chancery Lane, W.C.)
— The Banana Trade. By J. H. Hart. (Trinidad:
Government Printing Oflice, Port of Spain.) — The
Cosmopolitan Masonic Calendar, Diary, and Pocket
Book for 1888. (London : G. Kenning. 16 and
IGa, Great Queen Street, ^\C)—How to Obtain
Allotments. By Corrie Grant. (London; National
Press| Agency (Limited), 13, Whitefriars Street, Fleet
Street, E.G.) — Gdrtcjikunst und Garten So7ist und
Jetzt (Gardening Past and Present). Von H. Jager.
(Berlin : Paul Parey.) — Market Gardening in the
South of Ireland. A letter by W. B. Hartland.
(Cork : Gut & Co., Limited, 70, Patrick Street.)—
Congres Horticole de Paris en 1887, son Organisa'
Hon ses Travaux. (Paris: Soci6t6Nationaled'Horti-
culturede France,, 84, Rue de Crenelle.) — On the Use
of Certain Plants as Alexipharmics, or Snake-bite
Antidotes. ByD. ^Forris, M.A., F.L.S. (Reprinted
from The Annals of Botany.) — Morton's Almanac for
Farmers and Land nvncrs. Edited by J. C. Morton.
(London: Vinton & Co., Limited, 30, Hamp^tead
Road N.W.)

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BT

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London, W.

ROSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! ! !— The best
and cheapest in the world ; 40 choice Perpctuals for 21s.,
purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. Catalogues free on
application. Ten acresof Roses ; 100,000 grand plants to select
from. Plant now.— JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from I85. to 865. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well knoAvn to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6<i. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages ana printed cultural directiooB
enclosed, with ouTsignatureattached.

WM. ClITBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Highgate Nurseries, N.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best quality, as supplied to the Royal Gardens, ^e.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 10 sacks tor 10s., 16 for

14s., :J0forl8A.,30for2a!. ; two ton truck, 2os. Freeonrail.
RUSSIA MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 for 22s. 6d.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack, 5 for 20s.
COARSE SIL\'ER SAND, Is. M. per bushel; 14s. J-ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 3s. per sack. [25s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
KAFFIA. LABELS, STICKS. BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack.
SPEOIALITIJ TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each Sd. per lb.

28 lb. for Igs. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (best only),

Is. per sack, .30 sacks, 20s. ; Trucks (about 2Jtons>, freeonrail,

20s. PEAT, LOAM, TOBACCO PAPAK, &c.
}. WEARS AND CO., 3, Bury Court. St. Mary Axe, London, E.C

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS. HEATHS, FERNS, RHODODENDRONS.

and other choice Plants.

The Beat in the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,
• London, E.G., continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, elating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J, & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have NO Authorised Agents repre-
senting their Peat Estates.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patroni.sed by 16.000 of tlie Nobilitv, Gentry,
and ClerRy, for all kiii.ia it

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials. Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAOE YAKD, LUDGATE HILL, EC. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DIPBLIN.— Dtsc/iuRf /br Cash.

764

THE GJEDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 17, 1887.

GARDEN MATS, LOAM, &c.— New Arch-
anffpl MATS (large size). 10s. per bundle of ten mats;
large Heavv Russian. 7s. id. perdozen. Yellow Fibrous LOAM.
Silver SAND (coarse and fine), Brown Fibrous PEAT, at lowest
prices, bv the ton or truck. KAFFIA. 7s. 6i. and 9s. per
dozen pounds.— BRIXKWOKTH AXD SONS. Reading.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, &c.

.iblef.i:

OKCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, HEATHS,

FERNS,
and other choice Plants, for Sale in any quantity at mode-
rate prices either by the sack, or by the yard ; also tirst-rate
PEAT MOULD.— For printed particulars, apply, D. CAMERON,
Forester. Mount Masrul Estate. North Cray. Foofs Cray. Kent.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.
PEAT. — Excellent for Heaths and gpiieral use, 75. per yard,

4s. per sack. Orchid (ppecialife), finest selected Feni fibre,

6s. %d, per sack. Rhododeudrou, lOi. per ton ; not leas

than 5 tons.
LOAM.— Good fibrous, 135. per ton, l5.9£:^. per sack.
LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.
SILVER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sliarp, 85. 6d.

and 8s. per ton.
SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh, Qs.^d. per sack.
GRAVEL.— Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths,

8s. 6rf. per ton.
The above prices are the lowest ever offered to growers, and
will be in fori;e three mouths only.

GATEEELL & SON. Peat Merchants, RlngT^ood.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

T^vo Prize Mfdals.
Quality. THE BEST in the Market. (All

PEA

PEAT, best black fibrous ...4
PEAT, extra selected Orchid 7.
LOAM. PREPARED CO.MPOST
LEAF, or PEAT MOULD
SILVER SAND, coarse, Is. id. pe
RAFFIA FIEEE, best only
TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER .

r sack. 5 s

:k3 included.)
ka fur 22s. id.

6t^. „ 5 sacks for 20s.

bd. „ 5 sacks for 3.7S.

) Is. per bush., 3s. jier sack

1 (sacks included).

bush., 143. half-ton, 24s. ton.
Is. per lb.

M.n>.; 28 lb.. 18s.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., fs. per sack.

CHUBB'S" PERFECT" FER-1 In Bags.

TLLISER (the Best Food for ( . '

all kinds of Plants, Flowers. (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. 1 cw
Fruila, Vegetables, &o. ...) I/'U 3/- .V " ' '

CHRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6- 12-
VIRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- .V6 10,6 17,-
EUSSIAN MATS. BAMBOO CANES. PERUVIAN GUANO.

NITR.VTE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCnAL. &c.
PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and

Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra larfie Sample Bales, is. each.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, Is. Zd. each ; 10 sacks, lis.; 1.^ sacks. 15s.: 20 sacks. 18s.;
30 sacks, 25s. : 40 sacks, 30s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
28s. Limited quantities of G.. special quality Rranulated,
in sacks onlv. 'is. i-ach. Terms, strictly Cash with order.
(Bankers, C'mon Bank of London.)

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MttWALL, LONDON, E.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE
PL.ANTS. FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

by innumerable unsolicitcdTestimonials. Rho<lodendron PEAT.
LEAF-MOULD. LOAM. SAXD. SI'ILiGNU.M. COCOA-NUT
FIBRE. CHARCOAL. &c.. and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials.
EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

JENSEN'S

Every f^niin f-Ttiliz^s bf-rau-e the Guano is porfeclly

pure. It is most economical, one part of Manure to

100 parts of soil being ample for garden use.

FISHPOTASH

FISH-POTASK contains Ammonia, Pho^iphrites and

Potash in large proportions, which are the principal

elements of fertilization.

6UAN0.

GUANO - 2-lb. Tina, la. ; In Bags, 7 Iba , 23. ;

14 Iba., 4s. ; 28 lbs,, 6s. 6(1. ; 86 lbs., lOa. 6d. ;

1 cwt., 16s. ; 2 cwt., 30s. Special terms for

larger quantities. Analysis guaranteed.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED.
109, Fenchurch Street, London, E.G.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhottse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. id. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 6s. per bag. Fre^h SPHAGNUM, is. id. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine. 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO.. Farnboro' Station. Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons),
40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5s. id. per sack ; 6 sacks,
2.5s. ; sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6!. per sack. 6 sacks. 22s. ; sacks.
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SANI). Is. 9rf. per bushel; 16s. per half
ton ; 26,":. per too. in 2-bushel bags. id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. Is. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17i. Coal Yard). W.C.

SUSSEX and BEDFORDSHIRE SILVER
SANDS. Sussex. Kent, and Hampshire PEATS. Sussex
and Surrey Loams. Rockery Stone. &c,. forsaleatmoderatequo-
tations.— W. SHORT. Horticultural Dep6t. Midhurst. Sussex.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew.
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressingfor Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes. Is., 3s., and 10s. id.

f^ ISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry <ind soft on

\3r wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wliolesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

W PETERS andSONS, 44, Tenter St.,South,
• Goodman's Fields. London. E.. are now selling, at
extremely Low Prices. New Season's best quality heavv fuU-
si'.e Arcliongel MATS; also St. Petersburg MATS. Pa'cking
M.ITS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address.

WIOTT & CO.'S

CELEBKATED LEICESTERSHIRE
COWSLIP WINE,

of the fine 1N^7 \int.isc, la now perfect.

Pale,
lliant, slifihtly sparkling, exquisite
colour, delicious flavour ; not too sweet.
Largely used for Dinnkr, StfppEB,
Dessert. Balls, and Picnics.
Excellent Nebve-soother for Neuralgia or Toothache.
Sold by Wine Merchants and Grocers throughout Great Britain.
Exported to America. China. Au.-.tralia. &.c.
Pamphlet and List of Agents, post-free.
Peice 163. per dozen, case, &c. included. Carriage paid on

MOTT & CO., Wine Merchants, LEICESTER.

Medal, Loud.

yJfyJ/y/tTHOBOUGHLr GESUIN

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent "mb^titute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,

and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood

the test of forty years' trial. Kequires no miring; can be

ajfplied cold by any ordinary labourer.

lufactory, or carriage-paid
\s. 8rf. per gallon in casks of 3tj, 20, or
10 gallons.

C A U T I 0 iV . Kegif^tered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

Price Is. Qd. per gallon at t

HILL & SMI TH

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.O. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

RUSSIA MATS.

Importers of ARCHANGEL, PETER.SBUBG. and PAOKIKQ
MATS. TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH. RAFFIA. PEAT,
LOAM. SILVER SAND and COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE.
GARDEN TOOLS.

SLY, DIBBLE & t!0.. 129, Commercial Street,

SpiLalSeMs. Lonilon. E

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S AKCHANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA FIBEE.

SPECIAL QCOTATIOXS on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON. E.

^^11.. RICBY, WAINWRICHT & CO.,

: MAXr F.ICTUBERS,

ShIdSJgs Neptune Works, ManoHester.

' COTTON WOOL and WADDING for Florists

TIFPANY. and Nurjerymen. Send for Samplcsand Prices.

pARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,

Vjr VirRinCork. BalSa. Mats, Bamljoo Canes. Rustic Work.

Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of

WATSON iNT> SCULL. »0. Lower Thames Street. London. E.C.

THOMAS'S

FiniNGS FOR WIRING WALLS

StraJnlns Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 635.
As illustrated above, price 'As. 3d. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Termina Holdfasts.— No. 632.
No. 632i. ,„.

Per doz.
2s.

2 2J 3 3J inches.
3d., 4d., 6d., 7d. per doz.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is. 6d., Is. 9d.

per 100 y.irds.
ntustrated CATALOGCE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.;
Works: 362. EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window CASES,

CAVES, WATERFALLS. WI>-DOW BOXES. AQUARIA.
ARTIFICIAL ROCKWORK for Ballrooms. Hall3, Staircases.
&c.. temporarily erected and constructed, under personal
superinteudence of

HARPHAM AND HOWES.

Horticultural Depot, 107, Cburch Street, EdgwareEoad, N.W.

Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free.

21-OZ. Foreign of the abo^ e -^i/es, in 100 and 200 feet borne?,
3ds and 4th3 qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propiigiiting and Cucumber Glasses, and ail MiscellaneouB
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FABSriLOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MF.RCHANTS.

34, St. Jolin Street, West Smithfleld, London, EC.

.stock l.ttt r.nd Prices or, n,iphc

Quote Chronicle.

FREDERICK L. MAY & CO.,

(PUBLISHEKS OF May'S PkESS GUIDE.)

ADVERTISING AGENTS.

159. PICCADILLY.
London. W..
RECEIVE ADVERXISEMEXTS for aJl London. Provincial.
Continental, Colonial, and Am&rican Xe^-spapers and oth'

Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and flj« pr---
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.

SpeciaJ advantages to Large Advertisers.

E&tabUshed ISoOT

Only Addiesa— 159, Piccaphxy, London, W.

Decembee 17, 1887.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

7G5

TERMINAL END

and FLUED SADDLE

BOILERS

BOULTON & PATJIi,

MAKERS OF BOILERS, VALVES. PIPES, FITTINGS.

Of all Kinds and St :c!. Price LISTS on application.

Amateurs' Independent

NEW H PIECE poller — l he ipe t fi r t u i New Screw down

VALVE '''"'"■ '■ '" ^^"''' Elbow Valve

Full Water way

OUB SPECIAL BOILER.

TERMINAL CHECK END
SADDLE

made. Lists and Testii
Manufacturers, NORWICH.

Heating Power Price

300 feet JE7 0 0

eOO feet 8 10 0

1000 feet 13 0 0

2000 feet 30 0 0

3000 up to 5000 feet.

LISTS and full particulars

on application.

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LI8TRAC," 16/-«n.
CHAMPAGNE, "GEVENCEY," 30/- ™

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

M^ A PERFEe*:*:;S;ew ing^i^machTn E .

|BANj£iS\i'ubsDN * SONS Lm°/s&& j,oArz}OW

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,
T,o>,'DnN. rv.c.

18S7

Please send me " Th3 Gaedenkhs' Chhonicle " for
commencing ,for which I enclose P. 0.0.

^Months,

@° Flease Note that all Copies sent Direct ft:om this Office must be paid for In advance. ^

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, 16s. ; 6 Months, Is. id. ; 3 Months, 3j. id. ; Postfree.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (eicepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6i. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6i.

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,

No. 42, DBTJUY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND."

O C,
Deo. 17, 1887.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Station.
100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

20

Gla

12

11/-
13/-
17/6
13/-
21/-

220

or 30O squares 1.S ounce, 8 by 6
or 250 squares 8^ by ti^
squares, 9^ by 6^, or 17U squares,
9 by 7i, or 150 squares. 10 by 8,
for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders

35/-

r£3.
i at the above proportic

!pric

Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTl'. PAINTS, ready mixed for o
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD ANU GLASS WAKEHOUSE,
14. Moor Lane. Cripplegate, London, EC.

THOS. W. ROBINSON

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

r r fi 4 / ea h

full Illustrated R-D ed Pri e L to appl cat on

Roslier's Garden Edging TUes.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are ma<lt; in materials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are speciallv suited for
KITCHEN GARDENS.
tiiey harbour no Slugs
take up little i
' put down incur i
further labour or erpeuse,
do "groi^-n" Edgings, cons
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAms.&c, in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design,

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers. Upper Ground
Street. Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Koad, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also tor
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
IlJiLStrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, HaJls, Corridors, Balconies. &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TLLES. for Lining Walb of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all fefndfi. Rooting Tile.s in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

^ILVEK SAND,

k^ fine or coarse grain aa desired. Price bv post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pita to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest

quanta tiea.

F. ROSHER AKT> CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orters promptly executed by Rail or to Wharvea.

▲ liberal Dfsoount to the Trade.

766

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decbmbeb 17, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising-.

Head Line charged as two.

Lines . . £0 3 0 , 15 Lines . . £0 '<

0

3

6

16

0

4

0

17

0

4

6

18

0

5

0

19

0

5

6

20

0

6

0

21

0

(i

6

22

0

7

0

23

0

7

0

24

0

8

0

25

..090
..096
. . 0 10 0
. . 0 10 6
.. 0 11 0
. . 0 11 6
. . 0 12 0
.. 0 12 6
. . 0 13 0
. . 0 13 6

,XD SIXPEXCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

acrois two Column'!, the lowest charge will be 20s.
crosB three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s.
rage. £■); Half Piige, £4 10s.; Column. fS.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 wonls. including name and ailJress, Is id.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVEBTISE.MENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ojfices, as
aH Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office bg

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kingdo.m ; 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

78. 6d. ; 3 Mouths, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

178. 6d. for 12 .Months ; India and China 198. 6d.

Post office Orilers to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DKURY LANE. W.C. to W. RICHARDS.

PoBLisHiNQ Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

TAMWORTH RED PIGS.- -The Aylesbury
Dairy Company have young B0.4RS and SOWS forS.ALE,
from their celebrated herd of this valuable breed of pigs. See
Prize Lists Royal Agricultural Society of England, York,
Shrewsbury, Preston, Norwich, Newcastle. Over 200 of these
Pigs have been sold to Foreign Governments and other Buyers
abroad and in the United Kingdom since January 1, 1887.

For price and particulars, apply to the AYLESBURY DAIRY
CO.\IPANY. Limited. Horsham. Sussex.

DVERTISEMENTS

Inserted in the DArLY NEWS aai in all

LONDON, PBOVINCIAX, and FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.

Exceptional Terms for a Series.

CONTRACTORS for the SPECIAL CORNER POSITIONS

On PAGES 2, 3, and 6 of the GLOBE.

The SPECIAL CORNERS of the EVENING STANDARD,

And the SPECIAL CORNERS on FRONT PAGE of the

PEOPLE.

Sole Agents for all Advertisements in the

OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT POLICE GAZETTE.

WILLING'S, 126, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Telegraph Address — " WILLING'S, London."

Telephone No. 2773.

THE BEal K:iMtUf l-O.-^: llMUItita I lU^N.

NORTONJJ
CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are co>!fidenth recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

^^ INDIGESTION ^-^

See Teatimouial, selected from hundreds:—

CROYDON, 1 88s.

' ' Having been a s^lfferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, 1 am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffer ins, from the same.
"J. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. i\d., 2s. gd, and lis.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

Injuries to Special Constables.

The Directors of the

EAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY have agreed that gentlemen holding their
Policies of Assurance against ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS
shall be covered against risk of assault in the discharge of tlieir
duty when acting as Special Constables, without extra charge.

Office, 64, CornhiU.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, So(

etary.

Cheap Edition.

GOLDEN GATE. Mr. Shirley Hibbehd's
Phantasy of Fact and Fiction, Philosophy and Fun.
Stories, Fables, Verses, Sense, Nonaense, and Incense. Price
2s. Gd., postrfree.

E. W. ALLEN, 4, Ave Maria Lane. E.C.

D

Dr. Smiles' New Work.

LIFE AND L.VBOUR : or, Characteristics of
Men of Industry, Culture, and Genius.
Post 8vo. 6s., now ready.
Works by the same Author.

MEN OF INVENTION AND INDUSTRY.
Post 8vo. 6s.

TAMES NASMYTH, Engineer. An Auto-

fj biography. With Portrait and 90 Illustrations. Post
8vo. 6s.

T IFE of GEORGE STEPHENSON. Large

X^ 8vo edition. Illustrated, 21s, Crown 8vo edition. Illus-
trated, 7s. 6d. Smaller Edition, with Portrait, 2s. 6rf.

LIVES OF THE ENGINEERS. Illustrated
by 9 Steel Portraits, and 342 Engravings on Wood.
5 Vols. 7s. 6d. each.

TNDUSTRIAL BIOGRAPHY.

A Post 8vo. 6s.

UTY' : with Examples of Courage, Patience,

and Endurance. Post 8vo. es.

SELF-HELP : with Examples of Conduct
and Perseverance. Post 8vo. 6s.

CHARACTER: a Book of Noble Character-
istics. Post 8vo. 6s.

THRIFT: a Book of Domestic Counsel.
Post 8vo. 6s.

LIFE OF A SCOTCH NATURALIST.
With Portrait and Illustrations by George Reid, R.S.A.
Post 8vo. 6s.

T IFE OF ROBERT DICK. With Portrait

JLi etthed bv Rajon, and numerous Illustrations, mostly by
the Author. CrowQ 8vo. 12s.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Estate Sales.

The best County medium for Advertising Sale3 of
Estates is

THE WORCESTER HERALD, the largest
and leading County paper. Extensive circulation amons
the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adj<
counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for ret*
and distribution, plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues
of Machinery. Furniture, Books, and other property advertised
in the colums of the Worcester Herald. Specimen copies sent
free. Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d.

Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester.

Sales of Stock and A^cultural Effects.

THE WORCESTER HERALD is the most
effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of
this class. It is the largest and leading Agricultural paper in
the county, and circulates most extensively among Agricul-
turists in and around Worcestershire. Specimen copies free.
Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d.

Offices, 72, High Street. Worcester.

Farms to be Let.

LAND AGKNTS, E^l'ATK MANAGKItS. and all having Farms
to Let, would do well to Advertise in

THE WORCESTER HERALD, the Largest
and Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for
bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large Circula-
tion, moiierate charge. Specimen free. Price 2d. Published
Friday for Saturday.

Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester.

A Bevised and Enlarged Cheap Edition.

NO IV HEADY.

VINES AND VINE CULTURE

THE BEST BOOK ON GR.'^PES
EVER PUBLISHED,

ASCHIBALD F. BAHBON,

Superintendent of the Royal Hobticultihial Society's
Garde.ns, Secretary of the Fruit Committee, &c.

XVI.

xvn.
xvrii.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XX rn.
xxrv.

XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.

Plate3 I.-

CONTENTS.

, Historical Sketch.

, Propagation of the Vine.

. Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed.

, Vine Borders: their formation, soils, &c.

, Structures for Grape Growing.

, Heating of Vineries.

, Planting Vines : when and how to do it.

, The General Management of Vineries.

. Pruning and Training the Vine.

, Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots.

. Setting the Fruit.

. Thinning the Fruit.

. Keeping the Fruit.

. Packing Grapes.

. Pot Culture of Vines.

Fruiting Vines in Pota.

Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants.

Ground Vineries.

The Great Grap-.i Conservatory at Chiswick.

Vines on Open Walls.

Commercial Grape Culture.

Diseases and other Injuries.

Noxious Insects.

Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes.

The Classification of Grape Vines.

The Varieties of European Grapes.

The Varieties of American Grapes.

-XXX. : niustrationa of the best kinds of Grape*.

'JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE,

171, FLEET STREET. LONDON, E.C.

Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound In Cloth.
Price 5s. ; Post-free, 6s. 6d.

THE SYDNEY MAIL.

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS —

DTTERCOLONIAI, and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S
LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS,

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (DraTvn and engraved especi-
ally for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTUEE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGIN.AL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPULAK ENGLISH and AUSTRALLAN
AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL ha3 a wide circulation throughout the

Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains

a large amount of information on a great variety of subjecta.

Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.

Single Copies. (W. ; Stamped. Id.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street. Sydney. New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the
SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYTJNEY MAIL :—

LONDON Messrs. Geo. Street &. Co., 30, Comhill, E,C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester... James and Henry Grace. 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh ... Robertson & Scott. 13, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 16, Royal Exchange

Place

^g" Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers,

Decembes 17. 1887.]

TEE GABDENERS'' CHBONIGLE.

767

THE ROCKS at BATTEKSEA PARK,
said to be a true imitation of Nature but allowed
to be overCTO\TO, and the other so called good examples at
HtGHN.UI COUKT and BEAKWOOD,
recorded in this Journal recently, were all executed by

PULHAJI AND SON,

BROXBOURNE.

Important ;to Gardeners, Amateur and Professional-

FIFTV-FIKST YEAR OF PfBLICATION.
Just Ready, price One Shilling.

G LENNY'S ILLUSTRATED GARDEN
ALJIANAC and FLORISTS' DIRECTORY for 1888.
containing ; —
SEVERAL ORlGrNAL PAPERS on subjects of interest and
importance to Gardeners, including Garden Pests, and how to
deal with them— The Storage of Rain Water— Good things for
Gardeners. Professional and Amateur— The Calendar for the
Year — Directions for Garden Work from Month to Month— A
List of Novelties in Fruits. Flowers, and Vegetables brought
out in 1886, with a carefully revised list to date of all Nursery-
men. Seedsmen, Fruit Growers, and Florists throughout the
United Kingdom.
London : WARD, LOCK, AMD CO.. Salisbury Square, E.G.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review) — 13th year. — Among the principal Contributors are : —
A. Allard. E. Andre, C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Crepin,
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck. J. Kickx. T. Moore. C. Naudin. B. Oliveira,
H. Ortgies. E. P^'naert. E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert
Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van VoUem. H. J. Veitch, A West-
mael, and P. Wolkenst^in.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages. 8vo. with two coloured Plates and i
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One ^
\is. pavable in advance.

Publishing Office: 134. Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgiu

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties
Herald Office. Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herald
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since I860, by F. BuBVE-
KicH, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Huixe,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

INDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.

"With Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 9s,

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and (ECONOMI-
CAL BOTANY. With numerous Dlustratious. 8vo,
loth. Price 5s.

LINDLEY'S BESCRIPTI^^E BOTANY.
For Self -Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price
Is. sewed.

CO., 9, Bouverie

WANTED, ALL APPLICANTS to my
la«t week's Advertisement to read this; — Owing to a
large number of Applicant-s (184) for the vacant Situation, I
take this means of answering them. I have ENGAGED ONE
to till the vacancy.— A. J. BALLHATCHET. Head Gardener
and Bailiff. Fulham Palace. S.W.

WANTED, a SECOND GARDENER. Must
understand Growing Melons, Peaches. Chrysanthe-
QS for Exhibition, and be willing to assist Outdoors occa-
ally. Total abstainer preferred. Send particulars, with
copy of testimonials stating age, and wages expected. —
A. J. BROWN. The Gardens, Finches, Lindfield, Sussex.

WANTED, a PLANT GROWER and PRO-
PAGATOR — one who has had considerable experience
in a Market Nursery. To a thoroughly practical man liberal
wages will be given. Good character indispensable. — Apply by
letter, stating experience, to JAMES HOLDER, Crown Nur-
sery, Reading.

WANTED, a PLANT GROWER and
PROPAGATOR.— Must be clever and energetic, with
good character. — Apply, with particulars and wages expected,

WANTED, a young MAN, about 18 years of
age. used to Potting and Attending the Fires. State
wages required and references. — W. OWEN^ 98. Stamford
HiU, London, N.

ANTED, a strong LAD, for the Florist
Trade. — One used to Potting, Watering, and General
Work.— Apply, by letter only, to Q. BLUNDELL, Florist.
Ridgeway Oaks, Enfield.

Seed Trade, Sontli of Ireland.

WANTED, a HEAD SHOPMAN, where
three or four hands are kept; must be married and
above 30 years of age. A ptovincial person preferred.— State
full particulars to WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTT.Axn Seeds-
man, Cork.

WANTED, a young Man, as ASSISTANT
at Seed and Floral Stall. State experience and wages
expected.— Z.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a PORTER, in a Seed Ware-
house. One used to Carrying Sacks and Stacking.—
NUTTING AXD SONS, 10(5, Southwark Street. S.E.

WANTED, a BOUQUET 1ST, WREATH
MAKER.andSAiESWOMAN. to take charge of Florist's
Shop. — Apply, stating wages required and full particulars, to
GASAWAY AND CO., Durdham Down, Clifton, Bristol.

OARDENINQ APPOINTMENT.

Mr, Henry Garnett, late Gardener at
Bystoek, has been appointed Head Gardener to
R. L. LoPES, Esq., Sandridge Park, Melksham,
Wilts.

WANT PLACES.

that it'shoiild be /lied in payable to No. 42, DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, luiless the number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B. -The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addressed "Paste Restante" !
names are not forwardtd, biit are
writers.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances
Remittances in Paym^tt of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they wish repeated.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c.— St. John's Nurseries. Worcfester.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.

O — JoHX DowxiE (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-
engagements. He will be pleased to supply full particulars
to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener,

To Noblemen and Gemtltmen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

TAMES CARTEli and CO. have at all

fj times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are persouallv well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made tc 237 and 23S, High Holbom. W.C.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN, who, in addition to being
ft good General Grardener, has had great experience as an
■ ■ " " " " e capable of ii^naging Large

GARDENER (Head), where four or five are
kept.— Mr. R. Pakker. Impney Gardens, Droitwich,
would be pleased to recommend his Foreman to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a thorough practical Gardener.

G^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married ;
A twenty-two years' experience — fourteen years as Head
Gardener. Thoroughly understands Gardening in all branches ;
also Land and Stock.— C. WORSLEY, Harpenden, Her^^.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen
years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Flowers, and A'egetables, also Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character and testimonials. Charles Arthur ToUey.
—Apply, Mr. CYPHER. Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Head) ; middle-aged.— W.
Swan, who has served over thirty years in first-class
places, is seeking a fresh appointment. Practical knowledge
of all branches of the profession. Orchid growing a specialty.
First-class references and testimonials. — 82, South Meadow
Lane, Preston.

p ARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married, no

VT family.— W. J. Ireland, late of Nostell Priory, and
previously with the Marquis of Headfort, is open for re-engage-
ment. Thoroughly conversant with all matters relative to
Horticulture. Left at own request. Testimonials of the
highest order. — Leasgill, Milnthorpe, Westmoreland.

GARDENER (^Head Working).— Middle-
aged, m;irried; has a thorough knowledge of his pro-
fession. Six and a half years' good character. — W. B., Long-
hurst Cottage, JluU Brook, Bracknell, Berks.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30,

married; begs to offer his services. Excellent charac-
ter. Has been with the Earl of Londesborough twelve years,
and can be well recommended by the Head Gardener, Londes-
. orough Gardens, Kingston, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working); middle-aged,
married. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend a
thoroughly industrious, trustworthy, and good Gardener, who
has served him eighteen years. Good Kitchen and Flower
Gardener, Orchard. Plant-houses. Forcing, &c. — J. O. B.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Of^ce, 41, Wellington Street. StEand,W.C.

GARDENER (Head Working, or Single-
handed).— Married ; fifteen years in last situation.
Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches.
—CHARLES CAPLING. Bedhampton Hill. Havant.

GARDENER (Head Working, where two
or three are kept, or good Sinule-hasded).— Age 27 ;
well up in all branches. First-class character. — W. HUTT,
The Gardens, Lovel Hill House, Winkfield, Windsor, Berks.

GARDENER; age 29.— Mr. Mitchell, Head
Gardener to Mr. Frank Hatchard, Stapleton Park,
Pontefract. Yorkshire, wishes to recommend his late Foreman
(G.Farrington), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough
Gardener, who understands all branches of his profession.
Highest reference from previous situation.

GARDENER (WoRKiNa).— Age 38; wanted
by a middle-aged man a situation as a good Working
Gardener, Wife (age 40), if required, a most experienced
Laundress. Highest references. Please state wages. — M., 23
Triton Street, Bow, E.

GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out, or
JOURNEYMAN, Inside ; age 21.— C. J. Waite will be
pleased to recommend a young man as above, having served
under him in the Houses and Outside.— C. J. WAITE, Glen-
hurst Gardens, Esher, Surrey.

FOREMAN, in the Houses; age 26.— Mr.
Thomas King. Gardener, Devizes Castle, will be pleased
to recommend an active and intelligent man as above. Thir-
teen years' experience, with excellent character. — Address as

NURSERY FOREMAN.— Eighteen years' ex-
perience. Good Propagator and Grower ; well up in
Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, and Floral Decorations. Good
reference, — H. J., Barkby. near Leicester.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, in a good
Market Nursery. — Fourteen years' experience in Pro-
pagating and Growing Bouvardias, Primulas, and Forcing for
Cut Bloom. Good references. —H. EDEN, Sharman's Cross,
Solihull.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, for Market.
— Age 30, single; sixteen years' experience in the Cut
Flower and Plant Trade. Wreaths, &C.—T. B., 11, The Flats,
Walton-le-Dale, Pre?ton.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Roses in
quantity, Indoor and Out, and General Nursery Stock,
Cut Flowers, &c. Twenty-five years' practical experience.
State wages.— G. F., Mrs. Trowers, Henfield, Sua»ex.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant), Indoors, in a
good Nursery. — Age 24 ; eleven years' experience.
Good references.— Please state full particulars to E. CARD-
WELL, Handsworth. Sheffield.

JOURNEYMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentle-
man's Garden. — Age 23 ; five and a half years' experience.
Reference to previous employers.- ROBT. MITCHELL, Clea-
barrow, Windermere.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age -27 ;
well recommended. Good references. Eight years in
previous situation.— POMONA, 6, Merchland Road, New
Eltham, Kent.

TMPROVER.— George Bishop, Ketton Hall,

A Stamford, will be happy to engage with any Nobleman's
or Gentleman's Gardener. — For full particulars, apply to
K. GILBERT, Burghley, Stamford.

To the Trade.

SALESMAN and ORDER COLLECTOR ;
age 30. — Advertiser, over thirteen years with his present
employer. Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria Nurseries, Upper Hollo-
way, seeks an engagement in either of the above capacities or
both. Could also take charge of Packing Department. Has
also had good experience in Decorating and Attending Exhibi-
tions, and Nurserv Work in general. Good references from the
above.— W. ROOT, 22, Giesbach Road, Upper Holloway, N.

MANAGER or SHOPMAN.— Age 35 ; eigh-
teen years' experience in all branches. Highest re-
ferences.— C. M., Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries. Slough.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21; nearly
seven years' experience. Accustomed to brisk Counter
Trade. — H. G., Messrs. Hurst Sc Son, Houndsditch, London, E.

SHOPMAN (Assistant), or IMPROVER.—
Age 18 : nearly four years' experience. Good references.
Salary moderate with good opportunity of improving. — C,
GREENWOOD, 43, St. George's Street, Canterbury.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
Counsel for the Delicate.— Those to whom seasons of
changeable temperatures are protracted periods of trial should
seek the earliest opportunity of removing all obstacles to good
health. This cooling Ointment, perseveringly mbbed upon th o
skin, is the most reliable remedy for overcoming all diseases of tfce
throat and chest. Quinsey, relaxed tonsils, sore throat, swollen
glands, ordinary catarrh, and bronchitis, usually prevailing at
this season, may be arrested as soon as discovered, and every
symptom banished by Holloway's simple and effective treatment.
This Ointment and Pills are highly commended for the facility
with which they successfully conquer influenza; they allay in an
incredibly ehort time the distressing fever and teaaing cough.

768

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeb 17, 1887.

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES

RHALLIDA\ AND CO desire to
• draw special atteutiun to their CuLUmber Frames,
of which they always have a large st^tk. ready gla/-ed ami
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England : — £ i. d.

----- - 3 10 0

2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p..i,,„<, I
S-light frame, 12 feet by 6 feet ^pases "reel
6-light frame. 24 feet by 8 feet ) ^""'^ "' (
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

6 6 0
10 0 0

B.

CO.,

HALLIDAY &

Hotliouse Builders and Engine
KOYAL HOKTIOIILTURAL W0RK3, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road, N.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, £cc.

GREENHUUaES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, \vithout attention. EOBEETS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses, Bedrooms. &c. Pamphlets. Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. .S.-e in use at Patentee's.

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE

HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

Thi3 is the simplest,
clu'apest, and most
powerful apparatus
made. It requires no
brick setting, nostolte-
. hole, nnd no hot-water
' htter for fixing. The
Boiler stands in tlie
li4pfeiS^lilllBiP'"iil'i Greenhouse the front only being outside,
/J^^A^HKBlili ^ thnt the w hole of tlie heat from the Boiler
f^^ '^ilMllBlllllifflilS it^ielf H utilised It burns over twelve
ur-. %vithout attention, at a nominal co^t.
vith Boiler open feed syphon, lUft. of
uii patent joints complete, £t 4s.
Delivered free to any station Discount for caah.
Cost of apparatus complete for Greenhouses as below

delivered free, with pipes cut and fitted readv forfixing.
ft. ft. ~ ' ■ '■ - " ' ' "■ '"

10 X 6

4 inch hot i

Iter pip

rf. I ft. ft.

£

I ft. ft.

4 14

5 10 8 25 X 12 ... 6 16 8
: 10... 6 0 0 I 40 X 16 ... 12 12 4
Proportionate prices for other sizes. E-^timates free,
riu-itntted List, with full particulars of these and every
description of Fuel, Gas, and Oil Heating Stoves free.

DEANE & CO.,

street.

West End Brancli,

4, Duncannon St.,

CHARING CROSS.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

OBTICULTUKAL BITILDERS

121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, E.C

descri]tonof H JKrK ULT L P IL W llUK free of i
send competent a^s tants when necessarj

1 I BunhiU Row London E C
Ulustrated Lists of Wooden Buililiii(?3, Greenhousea, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabsfor Walls, Paths, and Stages.
Beat post-free on application.

WEEKS'S PATENT

DUPLEX BOILER

IS FiR AHEAD OF ALL OTHERS IS
EVERY RESPECT.

NOTE A FEW ADVANTAGES

Averuge Durability, 20 years.

10 years' guarantee of large f'ze.",

subject to printed conditions.
Greater Power, and Economy of Fuel

and Labour.
A certain " Gardeners' Friend " by day

and night.
Can be Cleaned out internally, and any

Section can be repaired.
Is the Cheapest and Best Boiler in the

Market.

PRICE LIST and full particulars Post-free
on application to

J. WEEKS & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS.

KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

trSEFTJL PRESENTS FROM IRELAND.

Hemstitched : —

3^. Qd. I Gents'

CAMBRIC ^
POCKET HANDKERCHIEFS.

Embroidered llaiidkeri_-liu-fs, from l5. each.

Tretty FANCY BOXES, suitable for half-dozens or dozens of Handkerchiefs,

encased iii Cardboard Covers, so as to pass uninjured by post,

Zd., 6rf., 9d. to Is. 6d. each.

IRISH DAMASK

TABLE LINEN.

Sanples and Illustrated Price Lists, post-free.

FISH NAPKINS, 2s. lid. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, 5s. 6d.
per dozen. Table Cloths, S yards square, 2s. llrf. ; 2^ yards by 3 yards,
6<. lltL each. Kitchen Table Cloths, 11.W. each. Strong Huckabacit Towels,
4.'. 6il. per dozen. Monograms, Initials, «;c., Woven and Embroidered.

ROBhMSON & CLEAVER,

By Special Appointments to H.M. the Queen and H.T. nnd R.H. the Crown Printess
of tjeniiany,

BELFAST.

ROB I N SO N

AND

CLEAVER'S

MATCHLESS

SHIRTS.

Be=t Quality Long Cloth, with 4-fohi
finest Linen Fronts. 35^. 6;^. per huU-do/.,
(to measure or pattern, 2'- extra). Pat-
terns of materials used, also of newest
styles in Fancy Cotton, Flannel, Silk, and
Silk nnd Wool Shirtings sent free on np-

OLD

SHIRTS

ade i

good

the half-dozi'

Price Lists and Samples of Linen Collars
C\iiU, Handkerchiefs, Table Linen, an(
all kinds of Linen Goods, post-free.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER

(Telegraphic A.ldress : — " L I N E N ")
BELFAST.

HORTICULTURAL BTEUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION. In EITHER WOOD or IROK, or BOTH COMBIKED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &C.

as

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS OP EVERY DESCRIPTION.

Editorial Oomn

Printed by Wn

Hid WlLLliJI BICI

itions should b« addressed to " The Editor : " Advertisement, and Business Letters to " The Publisher." at the Offloe, 41. WeUinirton Strejt, Ctorent Garden, London WC.
M BlCHiRHS at the Office of MeiwTS. BBiDBOTlT. AOHKW i Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whftefriars. Citvof I,ondon. in t'e Oonnty of Middlesex, and published by the
». at the Offloe, 41, Wellinftton Street. P"i»h ot St. P>nr«, Co»eut Garden, in the said County.— SATUBDit. December 17. I,sa7. Agent for Manchester— Johm Hktwood

Established i84i

No. 52.-VOL. 11. gZZ}

SATURDAY, DECEMBEE 24, 1887.

/Regt. as a Newspaper. / P R I C E 3d.
\WITH SUPPLEMENT.\ POST-FREE, Sjd.

CONTENTS.

Anthurium acutum

77«

Herbaceous border

779

Apple tree diseases

780

Kew BiMetin

7«.'>

Apples and Pears, keep-

Kitchen garden

7K.'i

■V.i

Lielia anceps morada ...

VHH

■im

777

Black Bryony, the

793

Mulberries

792

Black Hamburgh Grapes

Orchard house

783

for late use

7i)»

Orchid houses, the

783

Books-

,, notes and gleanings

787

Comparative Morpho-

„ at Mr. Measures' ...

788

logy of the Fungi ...

78«

Palm-leaf wall-pockets...

78.S

Manuel dc rAcclima-

Pears, Christmas

781

teur

71)0

Plant portraits

782

Bulb garden, the

7HI)

Plants and their culture

7KM

Conifers, nomenclature of

7.H,')

Privets and their uses ...

778

Crinum Moorei

7D4

Pyrus spectabilis

7K«

Crmums

7«ll

Quince, the Chinese ...

78ti

Cypripedium Marshallia-

Roses

788

Dum

7HK

Royal Horticultural So-

,, orbum

■i'lH

ciety

79')

Chrysanthemums, new...

780

Scotland

7911

Dendrobium Cybele

778

Selaginella cffisia, hardi-

„ Lodiiigesi

786

hood of

7Kfi

Florists' flowers

7811

Societies--

Fruit register

781

Edinburgh Botanical...

790

Fruits under gla.ss

783

Manchester

794

France, a holiday in

Royal Horticultural ...

794

Southern and Central ,

77.5

Stancliffe Hall, hothouses

Gardening appointment

7W

at

790

Gordon Nursery, Twick-

Tree-stays, wire

793

enham

779

Trees and shrubs

778

Gum trees

784

Vegetables

Hardy fruit garden

783

Vine Congress at Mapon .

78.S

Haworth's Narcissi

793

Vineyard at Blackheath, a

V ;9

ILLUSTF

ATIONS.

Eucalyptus coccifera

787

789

„ giobulu.s (and Supp

)

777

781

Stancliffe Hall, hothouses

at ,

791

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances tvhatever, can arty
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the ''Gardeners^ Chronicle" from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1888.
Now ready, Is., post-free, or gratis to Customers ordering
goods value 205. and upwards. Beautifully illustrated with
coloured plates and numerous engravings, and containing
accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatoa, and
Flowers, together with Practical Hints on Garden Management.
Will be pronounced the finest work of its class ever issued.
SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

ARR'S SEED CATALOGUE,

ready in a few days.
In addition to the usual valuable information, will be found
special remarks on the CULTURE of the TOMATO and
TOBACCO AS INDUSTRIES, with a Special List of HIGH-
CLASS POTATOS, handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and
bountiful croppers. Catalogue free on application to
BARR iXD SON, 13 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Geowebs,

Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCILIiE (Ulory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40.?. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

White Lilac.

WHITE ENGLISH LILAC, Forced and Sold by

KDROST, Kew Nursery, Richmond, S.W,,
• and 30, Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C.
Any quantity to be bad at a minute's notice.
Telegraphic Address—" DROST, RICHMOND, SURREY."

OR fine Specimen STEPHANOTIS FLORI-

BUNDA, also good young bearing PEACH TREES, late
Tarieties, to average 9J ft. in height, 11^ ft. in width, apply to
K. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford,

w

CHARTERS' VADE MECUM for 1888. —

\J This valuable Guide to the Amateur Gardener is now
ready, price Ix., post-free and gratis to intending customers.
It contains 8 elegant coloured illustrations of Carters' Tested
Vegetables and Flowers. It is certain to be the handsomest and
most useful Catalogue of the year, and should be in the hands
of all Gardeners. — Seedsmen by Special Royal Command, 237
and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.

To the Trade.
AITE, NASH AND CO. have Posted their

General CATALOGUE to all their Customers. If not
received another Copy will be forwarded on application.
79, Southwark Street, London, S.E.

To the Trade.

NUTTING AND SONS'
Wholesale CATALOGUE of GARDEN and FLOWER
SEEDS for 1888, has been Posted to all their Customers. If
not duly received please inform them, and another shall be sent.
106. Southwark Street. London. S.E.

00 PER, TABER and CO. (Limited),

90, Southwark Street, London, S.E., and Rivenhall,
Witham, Essex, beg to announce that they have just issued
their New Sea.son's CATALOGUE. Should any of their
Correspondents have failed to receive one a Copy will be sent
on application.

A Few Large Healthy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal -~ Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans,
Chameeropa excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford HiU, London, N.

''FRY ROSES from a COLD CLIMATE.—

JL Unequalled for hardiness, strength, and fibrous roots.
Seventy-five First Prizes awarded this season at leading shows

ADIANTUM CUNEATUiM.— A few thousand
to dispose of, very strong and healthy, in thumb-pots,
£1 per 1000.

W.M. MITCHELL. Nurseries, Enfield Highway.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

NUBSERT.MEK, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.

Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

C QUELCH AND BARN HAM,

O North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN TO DIS-
POSE OF any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given.

United States Tropical Nursery Company, Trinidad.

WANTED, CATALOGUES
and BOTANICAL and HORTICULTURAL PAPERS.

ANTED, Stock Plants of POINSETTIAS

PULCHERRIMA, PULCHERRIMA MAJOR, and
ROSEA CARMINATA, true, in quantity.

State price and quantity to C. S., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, 3000 Strong

Bushy SNOWBERRY PLANTS, 3 feet high or over.
State price delivered in Aylesbury, to

W. ROBINS, Hartwell, Aylesbury.

ANTED, Dwarf BOX, about 15 inches high

and 7 inches through. Full particulars to
JAMES DICKSON AND SONS, "Newton" Nurseries, Chester.

ANTED, JERUSALEM and CROWN

ARTICHOKES, and SHALLOTS. Sound samples.
Quote lowest price to
A. B. C. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street.WC.

WANTED, a Large Set' of DRAWERS,
suitable for a Seed Warehouse. State particulars, &c,
C, Eason & Son, Advertising Agents, Dublin,

The Book for a Christmas Present to Gardeners.

VINES and VINE CULTURE.
The mobt complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grupus
and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price bs., post-free 5s. Qd.

A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society, ChiswicTc.

Begonias a Specialty.

LAING'S BEGOMA SEED.— Awarded Four
Gold Medals. From Prize Plants. Unequalled quality.
Choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, U.. 2s. tirf., and 55.
per packet. Collections — Single, 12 named varieties, separate.
5j. 6d. ; 6 ditto, 'is. Order direct from us, to procure the
genuine seed.

JOHN LArXG ASD SONS. Seedsmen. Forest Hill. S.E.

f CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Descriptive CATA-

\J LOGUE of 1000 new and old varieties considered worth
cultivation, with Cultural Directions, by E. Molyneux, written
specially for this Catalogue. Post-free four stamps.

ROBERT OWEN, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead.

CHRYSANTHEMUM, *'MRS. C. CAREY."—
Latest and best pure White for Cut Bloom. Cuttings per
100 or 1000 on application. -W. GILL, Catel Nursery, Guernsey.

ALDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per dozen

bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TITDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames,

ISTLETO and CHRISTMAS TREES,

various sizes. Prices to the Trade on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting of their celebrated
stocks of GARDEN SEEDS, will be pleased to send Special
Offers of same on application.

Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

X.J bulbs. 45., 6s., 9.^.. 12s., 185., and 245. per dozen ; extra
strong, 305. and 425. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

STUART AND CO.'S CATALOGUE
has now been p>03ted. Customers not having received a
Copy will please write to

19, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Garden and Flower Seeds, Spring Bulbs, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun.
• Haarlem, Holland.

WHOLESALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON. 25. Savage Gardens.
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

ALM SEEDS.— Write for Special Offer to
the Trade, and samples, to
H. DAMALVNN, Jun., Breslau, Germany.
Fresh to hand now are Areca, Kentia, Phoenix. Ravenala,
Sabal, &c. ; also Araucaria imbricata.

Also good Half-Standard
1 plante.

I^'INEST LILY OF THE VALLEY
CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Qustav A. Schulti
jBerlin. For price write to

JACOB ASD VALENTIN, 156, Cheapside, London, E.C.

RCOLLYER, Nurseryman, Cart House
• Lane. Woking Station, Surrey, begs to offer about 800
Dwarf ROSES on Manetti, price 225. &d. per 100. Also
Standard ROSES, 80s. per 100, or 12j. per dozen, good sorts,
my own selection. Cash with order " . .. . ^.

Variegated HOLLY, all good specin

JOHN LAING AND SONS beg to announce
that their New Seed and General Plant CATALOGUE for
1888 is now published, and will be forwarded gratis and post-
free on application, to intending purchasers.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E.

APPLE TREES with MISTLETO growing on
them, Is.ed., 10s. M., and lijs. each.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

770

TEE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembee 24, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Wednesday and Saturday Next.

(Sales. Nos. 75S5 ami 7SS8.)
HAKDY PLANTS nnd liULBS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 33, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C. on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT,
December 28 and 31. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, first-
class Standard and Dwarf EOSES, Pyramidal and Dwarf-
trained FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS, and CONIFERS; a variety
of BORDER PLANTS, LLLY of the VALLEY Crowns and
Clumps. SPIRiEAS. DUTCH BULBS for present planting. Sec.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

ORCHIDS.

An immense Stock.

Thousands Showing for Bloom.

mursday Next.— (Sale No. 7686.)

6000 Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, L. A. RUBRO-
VITTATUM, L. SPECIOSUM, ROSEUM, ALBUM,
EUBRUiM. and many other LILIES, received direct from
.Tapan ; several cases of ABAUCARIA EXCELSA, just
to hand, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38,
Kin" Street. Covent Garden. W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT.
December 29. at halt-past la o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7586.)

ODONTOGLOSSUM RUSSII MAJ US, splendid importation.
1000 ONCIDIUM JONESIANUM.
AERIDES MITRATUM.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, .18, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. December 29.
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. V. Sander, a
splendid importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSII MAJUS,
in tine order, and masses collected in the locality from whence
have come the finest varieties now in collections. Also a large
consignment of the beautiful ONCIDIUM JONESIANUM,
every bulb being perfect, and many grand masses amongst
them having been collected with great care and attention. It
his been admirably figured in the Rcichmbachia, which
c inveys an adequate idea of the beauty of its flowers. Fine
h'althy plants will also be offered of the scarce SACCO-
L VBIUM CtELESTE, with sound foliage and fresh roots. In
d -icribing this marvellously beautiful plant in the Gardeners'
Ctronicte, Professor Eeicheubach says ;— " One of the finest
aarurises I ever enjoyed."

Together with plauts of the scarce AERIDES MITRATUM,
E 'IDENDRUM BHIZOPOKUM, various ONCIDIUMS from
Brazil, and many other choice ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Orchids In Flower and Bud.

MR. J. 0. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud will
take place at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden.
W.C, on WEDNESDAY, January 18, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, and he will be glad if gentlemen desirous of entering
plants for this Sale will send list as soon as possible.

Notice.

MESSRS. PROTHERUE and MORRIS
desire to announce that, in consequence of the CHRIST-
MAS HOLIDAYS, there will be only ONE S.4LE at thei

Rooms NEXT WEEK,

unde

THiursday Next.
Instead of tlie usual Wednesday's Sale.
6000 LLLIU.M AURATU.M, 10,000 Double African TUBEROSES,
English-grown LILIES, PLANTS, ROSES, and DUTCH
BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms. 67 and
68, Oheapside, E.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, December 29. at
half-past 12 oClock precisely. 6000 Bulbs of LILIUM AURA-
TUM from Japan, 10,000 Double African TUBEROSES, a
splendid assortment of various English-grown LILIES,
thousands of NARCISSUS, BARR'S DAFFODILS and IRIS,
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, HARDY PLANTS and
BULBS, 500 Standard and Dwarf ROSES, GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, FERNS, and PALMS, together with about 400 lots
of HVACINTHS. TULIPS. CROCUS, and other BULBS, from
Holland. , ,

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

NEW CATALOGUE
ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

J'Vee on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL GO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

FOR SALE, a SMALL NURSERY, SEED
and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, in a firstrrate locality ; good
Jobbing connection. Price low to immediate purchaser.
Apply to F. R. BRUCE, Uibridge Road, Ealing Dean.

''PO BE SOLD, in the immediate neighbour-
X. hood of the best manufacturing towns, a SEED, FLOWER,
and FRUIT SHOP.

Atidress, J. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

^PO iiE LET, and may be entered upon
-L immediately, WING NURSERIES. Rutland. The above
contains about IJ acre, together with five Houses, containing
3100 feet of Glass, good 10- roomed Dwelling-house, with Stable
and necessary Outbuildings. Within 1 mile of Manton Station,
and half a mile by foot-road. Rent moderate.

Apply to Messrs. ROYCE, Auctioneers. Oakham.

rpHE ROCKS at BATTERSEA PARK,

litatioii of Nature but allowed

rj_I

nnd tlie other 30 called good
"HIGHNAM COUKT and BEAKWUOD,
recorded io this Journal recently, were all executed by

PULHAM AND SON,

11 R II X II o U R N E.

ORCHIDS A SPECIALTY.

!,(. Siu-1< lit tli^ (_'I[inton Nursery is of such iiKitJiiituile

Special Offer.

CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford,
having now completed the harvesting. of their celebrated
stocks of SWEDES, TURNIPS, MANGELS, and other AGRI-
CULTURAL SEEDS, will be pleased to send special offers of
same on application.

Seed Warehouse. Sleaford.

To the Trade.

POTATOS, Village Blacksmith and Cetewayo.
Lowest price per cwt. and ton on application to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and 238,
High Holborn, London, W.C.

BOUVARDIAS, bushy plants, in variety, in
43's, in bud and flower, 12s. per dozen.
ERICAS, in variety, in48'9, in bud and flower, 12s. per dozen.
PALMS, in variety, in fiO's, suitable for Table Decoration,
12s. per dozen. Package free for cash with order.

Natal. South Africa.

BULRS, TUBERS, I'.OOTS.— A Wholesale
CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

B. W. ADLAM, Maritzburg, Natal.

FEUIT TREES, WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING
PLANTS,

Of fine quality and immense numbers.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass Structures aivcr an area of 282,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.

FOR SALE, CHEAP, the following VINES,
in pots, good strong well ripened Canes suitable for
Fruiting or Planting:—

15 MUSCAT OF ALEXANDRIA.

8 TREBBIANO.

7 RAISIN DE CALABRE.
1 GBOS MAROC.
6 BARBAROSSA.

9 ALICANTE.

11 GROS COLMAR.
6 LADY DOWNE'S.
1 MKS. PEARSON.
1 GOLDEN QUEEN.
4 BLACK HAMBURGH.
9 FOSTER'S SEEDLING.
S. A. WOODS. Osberton Gardens. Worksop.

When Science and Practice go Hand In Hand

Success is a Certainty.

GILBERT'S 8URPASSEE TOMATO draws
a smile even from Dr. Masters— see Gardeners' Chronicle ;
a hearty "Hear! Hear!" from Henry Car.nell; three cheers
from Stephen Castle ; whilst Messrs. Bennett and Barrett add
the musical Hips II

Is. per packet; enclose 13 stamps which will ensure a pacln't
beine sent. Write for CATALOGUE of Novelties to
R. GILBERT. Burghley. Stamford.

HARRISON'S General Seed CATALOGUE
for 1883 is now ready, and will be forwarded Post-free
on application. Customers who do not receive a Copy by
December 24, please inform uu.

This Catalogue is arranged to meet the requirements of
Seedsmen, Market Gardeners, Farmers, Gentlemen, and
Amateur Gardeners. It contains all the most approved Novel-
ties in Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds, with much useful
information. Post-free on application.

HARRISON AND SONS, Seed Growers, Leicester.

W GORDON, Importer of Orchibs from
• all parts of the world. An immense Stock of
recently imported plants compels a Sale of the Established
Plants to make room. These have not yet llowered, but are
all flowering plauts. and must be sold at a great sacrifice.
Very valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great
bargains. See Public Journals for high prices recently ob-
tained. The special offer affords a paying investment toanyone
with glass at command which should not be overlooked. Such
plants may never again be offered to the Public and the
Trade.

LILIUM AURATUM, for Christmas presents. Fourth
arrival of 6000 bulbs, the best that money can buy, 4rf., fiti..
9(i., Is., l5. 6rf. Specially imported yte phis ultra bulbs, 2s. 6d.
each. Very liberal allowance to the Trade.

LILIUM ALBUM KRAETZERI, the most lovely white
Lily grown— throws seven to ten flowers, which sell in market
at 2s per dozen ; beautiful and rare. Is. each, lOs. per dozen.

LILIUM SPECIOSUM RUBRUM CRUENTUM, the dark
form of this lovely Lily, most exquisitely marked, Is. each,
lOs. per dozen.

LILIUM AURATUM PLATYPHYLLUM RUBRO-VITTA-
TUM. crimson, striped with gold; VIRGINALE. pure white,
and spotted, with gold band. All these lovely new anddistinct
forms of Auratum, suitable for show purposes, very fine bulbs,

LILIUM HARRISn, 10s. per dozen ; and all other LILIES
equally cheap. Banksian SHver Medal awarded August. 1887.

JOHN STANDISH and CO., Royal Nur*

Established 1827.

BRIARS (DOG ROSE), SEEDLING,
FOR STOCKS.
1-yr., extra choice, per 10,000. £7.
l-yr., No. 1 choice, per 10,000, £o.
1-yr., No. 2 choice, per 10,000, £2 10s.
2-yr. transplanted, extra choice, per 10.000, £10.
2-yr. transplanted. No. 1 choice, per 10,000, £7.
FRUIT TREE STOCKS.— Pears, 1 and 2 years ; Quince,
Plums, Apples, seedling. Paradise, Doucin, Myrobolant. Ma-
haleb, Mazard ; Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
Young stocks from seeds or cuttings disposable by millions.
Stocks very fine and very cheap. Prices aud CATALOGUES
sent on demand to

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman. Chatenay, Seine, France.

'JAPANESE NOVELTIES. 80 varieties; IRIS,
PiEONIES, MAPLES, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS. Pier
apply for special offer to

') t\lU\ iUUi SCOTCH V I R

Z.c|' 'W\/,V;V/V/ (Guaranteed Genuine Native HiKli-
liiiiai - :; yr S.i.llings. Is. id. per 1000. £6 per 100.000. Trans-
plaited. ,MtolSuis..tis. perlOOO. £28 per 100.000 ; 12 to 18 ins.,
6!. M. p.-r 1000, £30 per 100,000; 18 to 24 inches, 7s. per 1000,
£33 per 100,000. AU other FOHEST TREES extraordinarily

WM. GUTBUSH & SON

SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1888

Is nov ready, and may l>e had, Post-free, upon
apjdication.

It contains several Sterling Novelties, both in
VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, as well
as a Select List of all the best varieties.

HIGHGATE NURSERIES, LONDON, N.

and BARNET, HERTS.

Established upwards of 200 years.

CATALOGUES.

THE NURSEEIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEREFORD

[EslahUshcd 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & GO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,

FOREST TREES,

RHODODENDRONS,

CLEMATIS,

and Other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers will be made for Large Contracts.

IF;R<5FY FRUIT TREES,

UQrVOCa I carriage Paid. Cordons a specialite.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORNU
AND SON. High View Nurseries, who will send, carriage
paid for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 318.
Early orders Becure extra gtrong plants.

Beceubeb 24, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

771

To tbe Trade.

Home-KTOwn VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.

HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to
• mnke special offers of their f ne seleite.i .storks of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have
harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very
advantageous to purchasers.

Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

OREST TREES.— LAKCH (True Native):

4 to 5 feet, 20s. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet. ISs. ; 2 to 2J feet.
16». SCOTCH FIR. 3 to 4 feet. 18s. per 1000 ■, 2 to 2} feet. 16s. ;
I to IJ foot. 14s. ; 8 to 10 inches. 8s. SPRUCE FIB. 3 to 4 feet,
4s. per 100: 1^ to 2 feet. 18s. per 1000; 10 to 15 inches. 14s.
SILVER FIR. 3 to 4 feet. 8s. per 100; 1 to It foot. 20s. per
1000. BEECH, 4 to 5 feet. 8s. per 100 ; 1 to 1} toot, 115s. per
1000. THORN, I to IJ foot. 16s. per 1000. MAHONIA
AQUIFOLIA. 10 to 12 inches, 4s. per 100 ; 1-yr. Secdlinp, tine.
6s. per 1000. TREE BOX (variegated). IJ to 2 feet, .'is. per
dozen. GOOSEBERRIES, 2s. per dozen. Black and Red
CURRANTS. 2s. per dozen. White FILBERTS. 2s. per dozen.
TRITOMA UVARIA, 10s. per 100.

DONALD McOMISH. Nurseryman, Crieff.

ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers,
France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections
of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS. CA-
MELLIAS. ROSES. SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES,
&c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from
Angers to London is very moderate. Jledal of Honour at the
Universal Exhibition at Paris 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AKD SCULL.
90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

QA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^V/V/U finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
•very shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-inch pota, 2s. 6d.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHAKD SMITH
AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester.

E R T E G A N s"'

GARDEN N0\T:LTIES.
BRAMBLES for Fruiting. I RASPBERRY. Black Fruited.
BRAMBLES for Flowering. RASPBERRY. Golden Fruited.

RARE and beautiful Shrubs. HEBBACEOUS and Alpines.
RARE and delicious Fruits. 1 LAPAGERIATCtba'and rubra.
Illustrated LISTS post-free.
R. H. VEKTEGANS, F.R.H.S.. Chad Valley Nurseries,
Birmingham. Telegrams—" VERTEGANS. Birmingham.

To the Trade.

SEED POTATO S.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to make
• special offers of their carefully selected stocks of
SEED POTATOS. raised on their own farms expressly for seed
purposes. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

BLACKBERRIES, for Gardens, Fields, Rail-
way Banks. &.C. The most suitable variety for this country
is VERTEGANS' '■ BEST OF ALL." at 7s. per dozen ; 52s. 6d.
per 100. I can also supply -WILSON JUNIOR," at 6s. per
dozen. 40s. perlOO. Other varieties at 5s. per dozen. 35s. per 100.
N.B. — All home grown. Carriage and Packing free.
For many other Novelties, Fruits. &c.. not to be found in any
other Catalogue, see Vertegans' Illustrated LIST of Special-
ties, gratis and post-free.

VERTEGANS. Chad VaUey Nurseries. Birmingham.

F R U I T T R E E S.
HUGH LOW & CO.

Invite inspection by intending purchasers of the
very large and fine stock growing at BITSH
HILL PAKK NURSERY, easily reached by
trains from Liverpool Street Station of Great
Eastern Railway.
Victoria Plums and Morello Cherries by the 1000.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price. 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine xmless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, withoursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AKD SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N.

illT TRks

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

;l nHEAL&SONS

V ■ " ^ CTawley, W Sussex,

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign

aorts, from 18j. to 36». per dozen.

Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

N E W- G E N ir I N E— R E L I A B L E.

JARMAN'S SEEDS,

POST-FREE or CARRIAGE PAID.
Large Illustrated Catalosue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(Reoistereu).

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGWORTH. HERTS.

S_TRAWBERRIES.

strong Roots, 45. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100;
ditto in large pots, 2bs. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

OF

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS,

IS THE

LARGEST GROWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE
IN THE KINGDOM.

Price Lists and Pamphlets on application.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMSIENSE STOCK, in SPLENDID CONDITION.

CATAXOGITE, of over 1300 species and varieties, including
Descriptive "List of New, Ejlbk, ash Choice Ferns,"
and ** Habst North American Ferns," free on application.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

FOR FORCING.

AZALEAS, fine Ghent n

,, mixed Covered

,, PONTIC A with

ANDROMEDA FLORIBTTNDA f Buds.

BHODODENDBONS, fine named!

SFIBiEA PALMATA

A general iu«ortment of NURSERY STOCK, in the finest
possible condition, covering many acres ; one outlying piece of
several acres now being cleared, and great bargains may be
obtained. FRUIT TREES. Trained Pyramids, Standards, &c.

800 yards from Sunningdale Station, S.W.
Railway, one hour from London.

CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT.

Three Days' Auction Sale this month.

THE GARDENERS' ROYAL
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that the ANNUAL GENERAL
MEETING of the Members of this Institution will be held at
•■ Simpson's," 101. Slrand.W.C, on FRIDAY. January 13 next,
for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee and
the Accounts of the Institution for the present year, and
Electing Officers for the ensuing year, and also for the Election
of Five Pensioners.

The Chair will be taken at 3 o'clock precisely, and the Ballot
for Five Pensioners will Close at 5 o'clock precisely.

By order. EDWD. ROGER CUTLER, Sec.

,10. Parliament Street, London.— Dec. 20. 1887.

P.S. The Voting Papers have all been delivered, any Sub-
criber not having received one, is requested to communicate
with the Secretary.

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BY

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London, W.

pARTEUS' DIRECT IMPORTATIONS.

ILIUM AURATUM.—Thk Finest Bulbs.—

Selected Bulbs of this charming hardy Lily are obtain-
able at the following low prices, direct from the importers,
plump and sound as English-grown Roots: — Price 45., Gs., 9s.,
12s., \8s., and 24s. per dozen, carrian;e free.

CARTERS', Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to
H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
2.17 and 2.'18. High Holborn, London, W.C.

OBBIE'S COMPETITOR'S GUIDE.

1888 Edition.
For 25 years we have made the requirements of Exhibitors
and Competitors our special study, and our select strains of
Flowers and Vegetables are known to be unsurpassed in the
United Kingdom. Our Guide, which extends to nearly 100
pages, is one of the most useful, original, and practical hand-
books in the Trade, and ought to be in the hands of every
grower, whether professional or amateur. A copy will be sent
gratis and post-free (in tlie f.r&t week of January) to altwho
apply for it before then.— DOBBIE anb CO., Rothesay.

OSES— ROSES— ROSES.— Our collection of

Hybrid Perpetual and Tea Roses embraces all the best
varieties, new and old. The plants are hardy and well ripened,
and are sure to do well in almost any situation. Selections of
H.P.'a from 7s. per dozen, post-free; do. Teas, from 14 s. per
dozen, post-free. Rose CATALOGUES post-freeon application.
DOBBIE AND CO., Seed Growers and Florists, Rothesay.

Clearance Sale.

BULBS for Spring and Summer Blooming.
All in fine condition. Prices greatly reduced. Price
LIST free on application.

BARR AND SON, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C.

HRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best

and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready, Is. 6d. per dozen, 10s. per 100 ; plants in January,
2s. 6d. per dozen, I6s. per 100. W. E.'b selection cheaper.
Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mons. Delaux's grand set
of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with Essay on Culti%'ation, 2 stamps.

WM. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swan3-
combe, Kent,

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Phcenix reclinata,
12 inches high. 4s. per dozen. 30s. per 100. Packages and
Carriage free.

Latania borbonica. Seaforthia elegans, Phoenix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high. Is. 6rf. each,
I6s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, PhCEnix reclinata,
Enterpe ediilis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, 3s. to 5s. each.

Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s.

GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

FRUIT TREES.

10,000 VICTORIA PLUMS.
5,000 GISBORN PLUMS.
5.000 PRINCE OF WALES PLUMS.
5.000 FARLEIOH PROLIFIC DAMSONS.
20,000 of other good sorts.
20,000 PEARS, in 50 sorts.
40,000 APPLES, in 100 sorts.
Brompton, Brussels, and Common PLUM STOCKS,
strong, 2-yr. wood.
Strong trained Morello CHERRIES.
Price per 100 or 1000, on application to
FLETCHER BROS., Ottershaw Nursery, Chertaey, Surrey.

772

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembee 24, 1887.

BEGONIAS A SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four
(Jold Medals. Quality unsurpassed. Named Singles,
from \2s. to 42s. per dozen ; unnamed Seedlingg, 12j., 18s.. and
21«. per dozen ; Bedding, choicest, 65. and 9^. per dozen ;
choicest named Doubles, from 42s. per dozen; unnamed, very
choice, 24i. and 30s. per dozen; choicest mixed, 18s. per dozen.
Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATA-
LOGUES gratis.

JOHN LAING AKD SONS, The Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E.

To those about to Plant Roses, &c.

E WING'S CATALOGUE contains short and
plain Cultural Notes, besides Descriptions and Prices of
the best Roses ; and in addition 28 pages are devoted to Orna-
mental Trees, Shrubs. Fruit Trees, Climbing Plants. Horti-
cultural Requisites. &c. It is forwarded post-free to applicants
on receipt of three penny stamp'», or Gratia to Cuslomers.

Abridged LIST of low priced carriage and package free col-
lections of high-class Ro?es, gratis and post-free.
EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries. Havant, Hampshire.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Medals.
Quality. THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

l'K.\r, l"'-t hrowii lUiruiH ... 5s. per sack. 5 sackafor 223. 6rf.

PEAT, best liUiik lil.rou, ...is.Hd, ,, 5 sacks for 20s.

PEAT, extr.t selected i)rchul 7s. 6(f. ,. 5 sacks for 3.3s.

LOAM, FKEPARED COMPOST (^ Is. per bush., 3s. per sack

LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... ) (sacks included).

SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. id. per bush., lis. half-ton, 24s. ton.

BAFFIA FIERE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER W. lb.; 28 lb.. ISs.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., f s. per sack.

CHUBBS •• PERFECT ' FER- ^ Ix Bias.

TILISER (the Best Food for ( . > ,

«11 kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. I41b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt.
Fruits, Vegetables. &c. ...; 1/6 3/- .V- 8/- 14/- 22/-

CHRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/-

VIKOIN CORK (Best Quality onlv) — 3/- S/8 10/6 17/-

BUSSIAN MATS. B.VMB0O CAJJES. PERUVIAN GUANO.
KITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c.

PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and
Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales, 6s. each.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. 3i2. each ; 10 sacks, lis.; I.i sacks, 16s.; 20 sacks, 18s.;
30 sacks, 2os. ; 40 sacks, 30s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
38s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated,
in sacks onlv, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.
(Bankers, I'mon Bank of London. J

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FEREY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON. E.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.
PEAT. — Excellent for Heaths and general use, 75. per yard.

4s. per sack. Orchid (specialite), tinest selected Fern fibre.

6s. 6d. per sack. Rhododendron, 10s. per ton; not less

than 5 tons.
liOAM.— Good fibrous. 13s. per ton, Is. 9d. per sack.
LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2s. per sack.
SILVER SAND.— Finest crystal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. Qd.

and 8s. per ton.
SPHAGNUM MOSS.— Fresh, 6s.6rf. per sack.
GRAVEL. — Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths,

8s. Gd. per ton.
The above prices are the lowest ever offered to growers, and
will be in force three months only.

QATERELL & SON, Peat Merchants, RlngT^ood.
AKDEN MATS, LOAM, &c.— New Arch-

angel MATS (large size), 10s. per bundle of ten mats;
Large Heavy Russian, 7s. 6rf. perdozen. Vellow Fibrous LOAM,
Silver SAND (coarse and fine). Brown Fibroud PEAT, at lowest
prices, by the ton or truck. RAFFIA. 7s. 6rf. and 9s. per
dozen pounds.— BRINKWORTH ANli SONS, Reading.

Bones - Bones— Bones !

CRUSHED Ji(.)NI':s 111 all sizes for Vine
Borders, Lawns. Totting, Grass Lands, Sec; also BONE
MEAL for Poultry Feeding, Garden GUANO, dissolved BONES,
and special MANURES for all purposes. For prices, apply to
HARRISON, BARBER, AND CO. (Limited), Garratt Lane,
Wandsworth, Surrey, S.W.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6d. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. 6d. per
ba«. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine. 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO., Famboro' Station, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best qttalitt/, as supplied to the lioyal Gardens, SfC.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFCSE, lu sacks for 10s., 16 for

14!..20forl8s.,30tor2,=is.; two ton truck, 28s. Freeon rail.
RUSSIA MATS, from 12j. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT. Is. per sack.
DEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 for 22!. 6i.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6rf. per sack, 6 tor 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6d, per bushel; 14s. J-ton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 3s. per sack. [26s. per too.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
I'.AFFIA. LABELS, STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, 8l. per s.ick.
KPBCLALITB TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each8(!. per lb.

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Eichange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Eoots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of good quality try William Cubran & SON, v?ho are probably in a
better position than any firm in the kingdom to secure to their customers these desirable conditions. Statement* of this
class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way. a few facta as to the progress of our
business may be named.

Oldfield Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 2 acres of ground are now
covered with Glass and Buildings. Wages paid first year, about JS'2.^0, to four men and a boy, now are j£.tOOO per annum
to over 100 hands regularly employed. Rent then, £36; now, near £800. Acreage at start, 6J ; now. 8.3. and still increasing
and extending on all sides.

y^M. CLIBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELB NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD XURSERIES, BOWDOX ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, 5[ANCHESTER,

have the pleasure to offer
Table Decorations.

PALMS, FICUS ELASTICA. ASPIDISTRAS, grand plants
far standing the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured ; good
plants, for immediate effect, 18s., 24s., and 30s. per dozen.

SOLANUMS. full of beautiful berries, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per
dozen. The finest Stock in the North of England.

Winter Flowers for Indoors.

EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA, bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Sprays, &c.. 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSETTIA PULCHERRLMA, scarlet heads. 9s., 12s. perdoz.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERARIAS, 6s.

per dozen.
BOUVARDIAS, beautiful plants, with many shoots, 9s. and

12s. per dozen ; small, 4s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Clumps of SPIILEA JAPONICA. S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, 6s. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single crowns for early

forcing, 6s. per 100 ; clumps, 12s. and 15s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERAKIAS and CALCEOLARIAS.the finest strains.

Is. 6(f. per dozen ; in pots, 2s. 6rf. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud, I2s. and 18s. per dozen.
AZ.tLEA PONTICA, 6s., 9s., and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS. 18s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDIOA, a massof buds, 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the finest sorts.
PRETTY CYTISUS. 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRIST.MAS ROSES, the finest variety of all for large white

flowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and 30s. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Ontdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBUEY BELLS, SWEET WII^
HAMS. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSITIFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen, 50 for 3s. ,100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ABABIS, AUBRIETIAS. DACTYLIS, white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS. PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNARIA
TOMENTOSA, ALYSSUM, Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

CATALOG

General Stock as tender : —

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

DAISIES, red, white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100,

40s. per 1000.
VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours. Is. per

dozen, 6s. per 100.
PYRETHRUMS, strong clumps. 4s. per dozen.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the best

kinds, 3s. per dozen, 21s. per 100.

Roses— Eoses— Roses.

DWARFS, from the grouud. of the best sorts of Hybrid
Perpetuals. 6s. per dozen. 60 for 21s.. 100 for 40s.

TEA SCENTED, in pots, the best kinds, 16s. and 18s. per dozen .

STAND.\RDS, from ground, 18s. per dozen.

Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees— Fruit Trees.

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds. 9s., 12s., and 18s, per dozen.

PEARS, of the beat variety. Standards and Pyramids, 6J., 9».,
and 12s. per dozen; Trained Trees, for Walls, 12s., 18s.,
and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. per dozen; Trained, 18s.

and 24s. per dozen.
PLUMS, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. perdoz.; Treined, 24s. per doz.
GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, 2s.. 3s., and 4s. per dozen.
RASPBERRIES, FILLBASKET, Is. per dozen, 8s. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sorts, 4s., 6s., and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boies,

pots, &c.. in beautiful little plants. 6s. per dozen.
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Villa Gardens. Sec, in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, all different, and pretty

in bloom, .3s. 6d.
COMMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 6s. per dozen, 36s. per 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HAKDY HEATHS, lovely kinds, 3s. per doz., 16s. and 20s. 100.
PLANTS for Hedges, Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

6s. to 1 5s. per 100 ; THORN QUICKS, from 16s. to 30s. per

1000 ; BEECH for Hedges, from 8s. per 100 ; HOLLIES,
1 for Hedges, from 20s. per 100.

UES FREE.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; Stamford Nurseries, Bowdon ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(Established 1804.)

BULBS.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000), ""v^^£?-

15s. to 365. per dozen.

ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

45. per dozen, 25s. per luO (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES
VINES

PI CIUIATIC White to Dark Purple, Single and Double,
ULlIVIA I lOj 1-^s- to 24s. per dozen.

Planting, 4s. per 100.
. Forcing, 16s. to 25s. per 100.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres.) 2v°eU^?r1rI;

FLOWERING PLANTS (8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100).
FOREST TREES.

Famous Planting and Forcing Asparagus and SeaJcale.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immenae amount of useful Information, fres on application.

THE GOHAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price Sd., Post-free 3jd. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 5i; fifty, 10s.; and one hundred, SOs.

Parcels of not less than twenty-iive delivered. Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHABDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, VT^C.

Decembeb 24, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

773

NEW PEA-SHARPE'S VICTORY.

First-class Certificate Koyal Horticultural Society, 1886.

CHISWICK REPORT, 1887:—

"Large, deep green, Wrinkled Marrow. Large, straight, well-filled pods, good flavour, heavy crop, deep green foliage, height 3 feet."

This magnifloent variety has proved in our trials to surpass anything that has come under our notice. It has a robust and vigorous hab't ■ th
haulm strong and much branched. The pods are produced in pairs (occasionally three) ; are of an immense size ; well filled with larce Peas \«' i
eleven in a pod ; of an exquisite marrow flavour, and beautiful deep green colour. ^ '

We are able to recommend the New Pea with the fullest confidence in its giving entire satisfaction.

Our Stock being very limited at present, we are only able to offer it in Packets at 3s. 6d. each.

CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; loo for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40j. ; 4-buahel bags, id. each.

UOHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5j. M. per sack ; 5 sacks,
2bs. : sacks, id. each

BLACK FLBSOUS FEAT, is. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SANB. Is. 9d. per bushel; I5i. per hall
ton : 26.S. per ton. in 3-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per biuihel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIROm CORK. TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called I7A, Coal Yard), W.C.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (best only),

Is. per sack, 30 sacks, 20s. : Trucks (about 2^ tons), free on rail,

20s. PEAT. LOA.M, TOBACCO PAPAR, &c.
J. MEARS AND CO.. 3. Bury Court, St. Mary Aie. London. E.C.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Orchid PEAX Special

For general purposes. Loam, Sand, Leaf-Mould. Sphagnum,
Cocoa-Nut Fibre, Cliarcoal. and all kinds of Nursery Stock, at
the old-established Horticultural Sundries Depotand Nurseries,
Bingwood, Hants. For Price List apply EPPS & CO.

SAVE H ALF TH E COST.

G A R S I D E'S

BEDFORDSHIRE

SILVER SAND,

Coarse and Fine, *

Ig admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be thfl BCSt
Quality obtainable in the Trade.

Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these
Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in-
exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the
ordinary cost.

NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS.

Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price.

All Orders executed icith the utmoal promptness

and under personal supervision.

GEORGE GARSIDE, Jun., LEIGHTON BUZZARD, BEDS.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS. FERNS, RHODODENDRONS,

and other choice Plants.

The Beat In the World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street,

XX« London. E.C. continue to receive the highest of testi-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, statins; the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON AXD CO. hare NO Authorised Agents repre-
Kntlng their Peat Estates.

TREPHO forORCHIDS.

For Potting. Rafts. Blocks. &c. To be obtained only from

BENJAMIN FIELD, F.E.B.S., F.E.H.S.,

75a, queen VICTORIA STREET, E.G.; and

SWAN PLACE. OLD KENT ROAD, S.E.

CATALOGUE of all Horticultural Reqihsites post-free.

POTTERY of nil descriptions.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1W9 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water; 4 to 16 ouncesas winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparatious intended
to supersede it. Boxes. Is., 35., and 10s. Gd.

GISHUESTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes. 6rf. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COIIPANY
(Limited). London.

HILL Sc SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

A.VD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G.

Hyacinths In Pots.
pOTS made expressly for HYACINTHS can

, ,, be supplied by

J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-snper-Mare.
Price List free.

Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing.
;;TR0NG, well-made POTS for the above can

^ be supplied by

J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

THOMAS'S

FiniNGS FOR WIRING WALLS

straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.
As illustrated above, price .'is. 3d. per doz.
Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Termina Holdfasts.— No. 632.
/2\ No. 632a. rss

«C7J iSlt Per doz.

2S.

., 13. 9d.

2 2} 3 3S inches.
3d., ii., 6d.. 7d. Iier doz.

Best Galvanised Wire, Is. 3d., Is

per 100 yards.
lllmirated CATALOGUE on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.;
Works: 362. EDGWARE ROAD. LONDON, W.

Special E=timate'^ gneo fir Liij, (.uiitruita in Fencing,
Roofing &c Personal Survejscf Lstates made, and practical
given 83 to the best and most economical Fences to put

Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post,

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, EafBa. Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work,
Manures, &o. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Tbamee Street. London, E.C

21 OZ Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qiiilities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneoua
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOBGE FAHMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
34, St. John Street, West Smltlifleld, London, E.C,

Stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

774

THE GABDENEBS' GHBONICLE.

[Decekbeb 2i, 1887.

FOR

THE BEST NOVELTIES

OF THE SEASON

SUTTON'S

AMATEURS'

For 1888 QUIDE.

Now Ready/ Price Is.. Post-free. Gratis to Customers
ordering goods value 205. and upwards.

SUTTON'S SEEDS

GENUINE ONty DIR£CTFROM READING.

Only to the Trade.

J. C. SCHMIDT,

Nurseryman and Sei-d-^mau to His Majesty the

E R F U R t7 ° G ER ivi A N Y ,

CENERAr'TRADrCAfALOCUE

OF SELF-GROWN BEST ERFLIRT FLOWER

AND VEGETABLE SEEM,

at moderate prices, is now published, and will be forwarded

po'*t-free on application.

,Va^I^

^

OREST, ipRUIT

Ij. ALL OTHER

tlREES & ipiLANTS.

^o^'^l^^^'^-^-^t-^^\^

Descriptive Catalogues Post Free.

cc/vf^fOCMce

GENUINE SEEDS.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS

BEO TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEIR

CATALOGUE of GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS

FOPt 1888,

Is now ready, and can be had Gratis and Post-free on application.

This Catalogue has noli' been Poffed to all their Customers. Anyone not having received the same,
a Duplicate Copy will imnediatehj he forwarded, Post-free, on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W.

SHARPE'S NEW PEAS.

SHARPE'S QUEEN.

OUR NEW PEA. QUEEN, raised by Mr. Culverwell, surpasses everything we have ever liad the pleasure of submitting to
our Customeia. in habit, cropping qualiities, colour and flavour ; it is the perfection of a Pea for every purpose, and, by succes-
eive sowings so continuous a crop can be obtained, that it will be almost unnecessary to cultivate any other variety.

The QUEEN is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow Pea, about 2 to 2^ feet in height, of a sturdy branching habit; it requires to be
sown thinly, as the pofls are produced from the very bottom of the plant to the top. The pods are large, slightly curved, and so
filled with Pea3 that when opened it would appear impossible they could be contained in the pod. The Peaa are large, oval, deep
gre- 1), and of a delicious flavour when cookod. We feel we cannot say too much in its praise, and are confident our customers wifi
agree with us, it is the very best Pea ever sent out.

SIR F. A. MILBANK.

SH^VRPE'S SIR F. A. MILBANK PEA.— This, one of Mr. Culverwcll's many excellent introductions, is a Blue Wrinliled
Marrow, much of the Paragon type in habit and growth, but earlier, and differing in being of a beautiful dark grass-green colour,
and even more prolific than that celebrated variety ; the pods are produced in abundance, are large, square, and closely filled
with the extra large dark green Peas, so closely packed that it would appear when opened as if the pods could scarcely have coa-
tained them. The flavour is all that could be desired by the most fastidious connoiseur, and in every respect is a variety that wo
can with the greatest confidence recommend, either for exhibition or for table purposes. It is robust and hardy in constitutiob,
nd may be sown early ; for Market Garden purposes it cannot fail to prove a great acquisition.

SHARPE'S TRIUMPHE.

TRIUMPH is a Bhie Wrinkled Marrow, of exquisite flavour; 'the pods are large, well filled with large Peas. The habit is
dense and bushy ; height 2 to 3 feet. In constitution it is robust and hardy, and i.-^ tlie perfection of Peas either for exhibition or
for ordinary use. Sixty-nine pods have been counted on one plant of Triumph — each pod containing nine to eleven large
Peas.

SHARPE'S EARLY PARAGON.

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1884.
'" Chiswick Report, 1884. accompanied with First-class Certificate : — " PARAGON — A very fine Second Early Variety, and of
good quality. Pods large, and well filled."

PARAGON is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow of fine flavour ; height from 4 to 5 feet. The pods are produced two and three together
in such abundance as to almost conceal the foliage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick biicked, containing from twelve
to fourteen large Peas.

PARAGON is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows ; it is very hardy, and will stand earlier sowing than any Pea of its
class. It is most valuable for succession crops, as it is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months can be
obtained from this one variety.

Price io the Trade on application.

CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.

WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.

MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A

Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition.
Fcap. cloth, price 7«.

HIGH-CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By William Earley, Author of " How to Grow Mu.shrooms,'' " How
to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price 4s. Qd.

TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Eablet. Price \s. stitched.
ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisheb. Fourth
Edition, revised and enlarged. Price l.«.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Bakley. Price Is. stitched.

HOW
THE

London: BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.

Dbcbmbbb 24, 1887.]

THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

775

NOW READY,

CARTERS'

SEND OKE SHILLING FOR A CATALOGUE.

\ HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen. Builders, and Others

intending planting Shrubs and Trees. &c., thia Autumn.

ROBERT NEaL begs respectfully to call
attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES,
LIMES, ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMUS. AUCUBAS. and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free deliver)'
within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £5 and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.

The Nurseries. Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

MAREGHAL NIEL ROSES!

NICE PLANTS, in 5-iiioh pots, 4 to 6 feet

long, \s. and Is. 6rf. each.

FINE PLANTS, in 7-inch pots, with 2 and 3

Ehoots. 10 to 12 feet long, 2s.. 2s. id., 3s.,3s.6ii., & 6.!. each.

MAGNIFICENT PLANTS, in 10-inch pots,

with2and33hoot3. 12toI5feetIong. Ts.M. &. 10s. 6<i. each.
The ab&ve cannot be surpassed.

The Company have also
CLIMBING ROSES in pots,
in pots, in great variety.

LIST with full particulars on application.

The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The BEST ROSES.

The BEST CAMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &o.,

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOWERING SHRUBS,

The BEST PARK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUIT TREES and GRAPE VINES,

The BEST SEEDS, &c..

May be i

I and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAUL'S NURSERIES,

WALTHAM CROSS

(near " Waltham Cross" Station, Great Eastern Railway, half
an hour from London). Prices as low as possible. Inspection
invited. Priced CATALOGUES Free.

KOSES and FRUIT TREES.
ROSES, Dwarf H.P., all the best varieties, our selection,
Zhs, per 100, 50 for 20s., 12 sent free by post for 8s.
BOSES, Dwarf Tea. from open ground, including GloiredeDijon,
Marechal Niel, and other good varieties, 9s. per dozen.
APPLE TREES, Standards for Orchards. 18s. and 24s. per doz.
„ ,, Bushes, 6s. per dozen, 45s. per 100.
„ „ Pyramids, 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen.
rRUIT TREES, 12 a.ssorted Dwarf-trained, 30s. per dozen.
APPLE and PEAR TREES, 12 a>80rted Pyramid, ISs. per doz.
CURRANT TREES, assorted, Black, Red, and White, 2s 6rf. per

dozen, 18s. per 100.
GOOSEBERRIES, Warrington and other best named sorts,

2s. 6rf. per dozen, 18s. per 100.
VINES, strong planting Canes, Black Hamburgh and Muscat
of Alexandria, and others, 4s. each.
Terms cash. CATALOGUES on application.

GARAWAY & GO.,

B.S.WILLIAMS

NOVELTIES FOR 1888.

The foHomng Splendid Novelties are my own
introdttctions for 1888, and are now ojffered
fur the first time. Sold only in Sealed
Packets bearing my Trade Mark ; —

AQERATUm, " Ada Bowman " (new).

This new variety was raised at Hylands
Park three years ago. It is without doubt
the finest Ageratum grown for bedding pur-
poses. It blooms in masses from the time of
planting out until it is cut down by the frost,
and requires no pegging down, as it is only
9i inches high ; the trusses measure from
6 to 7 inches across. It is of a very effective
and telling delicate blue colour.

It is a most valuable acquisition when pro-
pagated in pots in the autumn for early winter
flowering. Its freedom in blooming is so pro-
nounced that each pot is quite a ball of flower,
and continues so to the middle of January.
Per packet, Is. 6d.

PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA,
" Magenta Q,ueen " (new).
This new variety is of very compact habit
of growth, very vigorous and robust ; the
leaves are of a dark green colour. The blooms
are very large, measuring upwards of 21 inches
in diameter ; they are of very good substance
and a bright magenta colour, with a small
bright lemon eye. It is quite a new colour in
Primulas, and its distinctness is very pro-
nounced when associated with other kinds.
Per packet, os.

STOCK, Intermediate, WILLIAMS'
" Crimson Gem " (new).
This variety, on account of its charming
and decided colour, is an acquisition of con-
siderable merit, as it is a great advance in
richness and brilliancy of colour upon any
known kind of Stock. It will be found very
serviceable for spring bedding, window boxes
or pots, where it will produce a wonderfully
fine and pleasing effect. It is of a dwarf com-
pact habit ; the central spike and lateral
branches produce a great profusion of very
rich crimson blooms of very large size,
Per packet, 2s. 6d.

MELON, HAMSTEAD PARK
SEEDLING (new).

This fine new variety is a cross between
Golden Perfection nad Victory of Bristol. The
raiser speaks very highly of it, and says that
it does as well in a pit as in the Melon-house.
It is a first-rate setter and a very strong
grower, and never shows any sign of canker
at the collar. It is round in shape, very
handsome, and beautifully netted. The flesh
is of a very pale scarlet colour, about 3 inches
in depth, with very delicious flavour. The
fruit weighs from 4 to 61b. each.
Per packet, '2s. Sd.

Illustrated SEED CATALOGUE for 1888 Is now
ready, and will be forwarded Gratia and Post-
free to all applicants.

lUPPER HOLlSa^LONDON.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol.1., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NEW EDITION,
Corrected up to Date,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

of

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-Jree 3^d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

THE

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1887.

A HOLIDAY IN SOUTHERN AND
CENTRAL FRANCE.

(.Continued from p. 746.)

CARCASSONNE.— Shortly after leaving Tou-
louse the Almond becomes a very common
orchard tree, and green Almonds are to be seen
in every market and on all hotel tables. Un-
familiar looking plants crowd the hot dry rail-
way banks, and one which for some time we
took for small specimens of Spanish Broom,
turned out to be an almost leafless Com-
posite, Chondrilla juncea. From Toulouse to
the Canal du Midi Cypresses thickly planted
near the houses on the side next the Mediter-
ranean serve for shelter against the mistral
winds, of which it can be fairly said, "that
he who can face an eight days' mistral without
finding his life a burden must be either a very
valiant man, or have neither liver nor mucous
membrane." Leaving the station at Carcas-
sonne and going up the Boulevard de la Prefec-
ture, the traveller has the benefit of the shade
given by one of the finest avenues of Planes in
all France. There are four lines of these trees,
and all have been once cut back at about 8 or
10 feet from the ground, the trunk dividing into
three, four, or more stems — many as large as an
ordinary tree — which meet from 60 to 80 feet
above the ground. In some of the gardens a
" fence " of Oleander profusely covered with
flowers lined the walks from the street to the
house. The " Square Gambetta," with a belt of
fine Planes and a prettily laid out garden, offered
several objects of interest. Water runs sinuously
through the lawn, and skirting the stream are
specimen Conifers (such as Wellingtonia, Abies
Pinsapo, kc). Palms, and Weeping Willows, the
last named bearing numerous masses of con-
gested shoots as large as a crow's nest,
similar to the " witches' brooms " so frequent on

776

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 24, 1887.

Birch or Hornbeam in Britain. Loquat
and Photinias in mases take the place here
of the Cherry Laurel with us. A remark-
ably fine Vine, planted in the street and
trained up a three-storeyed house, at the top of
which it formed an arbour on the flat roof,
attracted our attention ; it had a thick stem, and
must have been of considerable age. Crossing the
Aude one ascends the dusty road towards the
Cite, the old town, which is considered as the
model of a fenced city ; its architecture is a
whole history engraved in stone. From the
walls is obtained a good view of the new town
with its streets laid out in careful rectangles. No
more striking contrast between the France of the
Middle Ages and the France of to-day can be
found than that afforded between the old Car-
cassonne on one bank of the Aude, and the new
on the other side of the river. If any one wishes
to learn what the Middle Ages were like, let him
go to Carcassonne and see. Here I first saw
Pomegranate grown as a permanent shrub in the
open air, and fruiting freely. Solitary specimens
of Olive trees were also noted. On the dry grey
limestone banks beneath the Citi we first found
Carthamus lanatus, a curious but yet pretty, spiny
Composite, with lemon-coloured florets ; and
Carlina corymbosa, a much more rigid relative,
with strong golden-coloured involucral scales.
Some time was spent in trying to collect seeds of
this, but the work of getting the flower-heads
cut open was anything but easy or pleasant, and
all the fruits on most of the plants were destroyed
by the larvae of some beetle.

Floube to Nahbonnb.
Here Olives were largely cultivated in orchards,
and in general aspect resembled in a marked
degree pollarded white Willows. All the trees
are carefully pruned every spring, and each speci-
men is exactly like its neighbour. On the dry
rocky sides of the railway banks the Cotton
Lavender (Santolina) was abundant. The crops
of the plain through which the railway passed,
about an hour's journey from Carcassonne, were
suffering much from the prolonged drought, the
Indian Corn, scarcely a couple of feet in height
presenting an especially woe-begone appearance.
Atriplex, Halimus, and Tamarisk occur on sandy
banks and along the roadsides in great plenty.
The Yellow-horned Poppy (Glaucium luteuni)
grew in abundance along the railway at Lezig-
nan, where nimierous trucks of dead Vine stems
were unpleasantly suggestive of the ravages caused
by the Phylloxera in this district.

Narbonne to Cettb.

Shortly after leaving Narbonne the Provence
Reed (Arundo Donax) was often used as a kind
of fence along the roadsides, and a yellow-
flowered, viscid, dull green leaved, half-shrubby
Composite (Inula viscosa), lined the railway. At
B^ziers we noticed a fine group of Yucca aloi-
folia, 8 to 10 feet in height, clothed with foliage
to the ground, and a few of the specimens flower-
ing. Before reaching Cette the railway passes
along a very narrow strip of sand bordered by salt
marshes, and the large conical heaps of snowy
white salt are the most conspicuous objects within
sight.

Cette.

Although not at all remarkable for scrupulous
cleanliness or pleasant smells, Cette gave us
plenty to do in the way of noting and collecting
interesting plants. The first morning after our
arrival a heap of brushwood shot into the street
before a baker's shop, a few doors from our hotel,
afforded us an opportunity of examining in a
living state wild specimens of many species cha-

racteristic of the Mediterranean flora. Quercus
coccifera, a pretty little evergreen Oak — which,
by the way, in spite of its southern home in low
lying districts, is hardy enough in the South
of England ; Smilax aspera, very attrac-
tive with its racemes of red fruit ; Jasmi-
num fruticans, several species of Cistus ;
the Lentisk (Pistacia Lentiscus), in fruit; the
wild Olive, and Frankenia pulverulenta, were a
few of the shrubby plants which had been cut
for fuel by the peasants in the immediate neigh-
bourhood of the town. Behind the town, on the
conical lava hill, dignified by the name of Mon-
tague, we found a blue Globe Thistle (Echinops
ritro), Plumbago europfea, Lavandula stfechas,
a shrubby Helichrysum, the two rigid Composites
first seen at Carcassonne, Clematis flammula.
Thymus zygis, Alyssum maritimum, and a host
of other plants.

In a small public garden — Chateau d'Eau —
many of the occupants were suffering from
drought, and for the first time in a public garden
since leaving England we saw the lawns burnt up
as badly as those we had left behind us. A
number of large Elms, too, presented a singular
aspect, all the soft portions of the leaves having
been eaten away by insects, only the lace-like
structure of nerves being left. A bed of Purple
Globe Amaranth apparently revelled in the heat
and drought, and was covered with flowers. Big
masses of white and red Oleander — the colours
not mixed — were happy enough, as was also a
large specimen of Rhamnus alaternus. Albizzia
julibrissin, both in flower and fruit, presented a
curious effect, as did also Sophora japonica in
fruit ; this last-named tree never ripens fruit in
England, although it is hardy enough. Buddleia
Lindleyana makes a fine shrubbery plant in these
southern climes ; it is a pity so graceful and
pretty a shrub is not hardy with us. All the
shrubbery belts were planted in the style already
noted at former places ; for instance, a mass of
Pittosporum Tobira was followed by a break of
Ligustrum lucidum, then by Laurustinus, &c.,
whilst the upper growth was made up of a group
of Kcelreuteria, with its upright panicles of red
bladdery fruits, &c.

Strange looking fishes and baskets of octopuses,
slimy and repulsive, offered for sale in the
market, emphasised the fact that both the fauna
of the country and the customs of its inhabitants
differed a great deal from those of Britain.
Aubergines and green Capsicums were to be
seen in plenty, and huge heaps of Water Melons,
varying in price from 4rf. to 8rf., were piled up
in open places. Figs we bought at '2d. per dozen,
and Grapes at '2d. per pound.

Between Teissoniere and Capdenac we first
met with Coriaria myrtifolia, and on the ter-
raced vineyards — or what had been vineyards

not far from the first-named town, the Coriaria
and Juniper were asserting their original supre-
macy, and taking the place of the Vines
which had been killed by the Phylloxera.
Travelling further north, through the very pio-
turesque valley of the Aveyron — where, by the
way, a most interesting P'ern, Nothoclasna ma-
ranta;, is to be found on the rocks — we come
again to an Apple-growing country, and noticed
a number of trees actually killed by Mistleto.
Spanish Chestnut is the prevailing tree in the
woods. From Capdenac to Brive there are
immense stretches of Oak woods, with a sparse
nndergro»vth of Juniper This is one of the
greatest Truifle-producing districts of France.

Limoges.
The Jardin Public in this important town was
very poor indeed, and presented scarcely any

points worthy of note. The trees planted for
shade purposes were mostly Limes, and most of
them were burned and browned by the sun and
the drought. An exception, however, must be
made, both in favour of the Hungarian White
Lime (Tilia argentea) and the "\\'eeping Crimean
Lime (T. petiolaris). These species were appa-
rently quite unaffected by the prolonged drought,
and should certainly be more largely planted as
town trees in preference to the other Limes bo
generally used. Spare bits of ground close to
the railway station were tastefully planted ;
amongst the objects noted w ere a large mass of
Ferdinanda eminens (more correctly Podochse-
nium paniculatum), and another of the bright rosy-
red flowered Polygonum orientale — a handsome
annual species, here attaining a height of about
8 feet. The only other note of garden interest
made at Limoges refers to a splendid Elder in
the court before the Mus^e Ceramique ; this
specimen was planted as a seedling in 1869, and
is now 25 to 30 feet in height, 36 feet through,
and has about a dozen stems almost from the
ground level. N.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

ANTHURIUM ACUTUM, N. E. Br., n. sp.
This is a dwarf-growing species, of very distinct
character, and, although it has neither variegation
of foliage, nor brilliaatly-coloured spathe, to recom-
mend it to the eyes of those who are not satisfied
with anything that has not these advantages, it is
nevertheless a rather striking plant on account of
the peculiar triangular and exceedingly acute leaves
with which the plant is well furnished. The only
other species with which I am acquainted that have
leaves at all resembling it are A. nitidum, Bth., and
A. o-Kybelium, Schott, but it is very distinct from
either, and from anything in cultivation so far as is
known to me ; its position in the genus appears to
rae to be ne.Kt to A. oxybelium. Tliis novelty wai
introduced from Brazil by Mr. \f. Bull, of Chelsea,
to whose kindness I am indebted for excellent
specimens. The following is a description of the
plant : —

Acaulescent. Petioles, 10 — 12 inches long, slender,
about 1-lOth of an inch thick, slightly convex on the
face, very rounded on the back, green ; the geni-
culus about h inch long, tumid. Blade of leaf spread-
ing, 8 — 10 inches long including the hind lobes,
6 — 7.} inches broad across the tips of the hind lobes,
and 3^ — 4 inches broad measured across the inser-
tion uf the petiole, triangular-hastate, tapering
gradually from the level of the insertion of the
petiole, in a nearly straight line to an exceedingly
acminatate point ; the basal lobes are somewhat
falcately oblong, very obtusely rounded at their
tips, the outer margin is nearly straight or slightly
concave, and the inner margin convex ; they diverge
from each other at nearly a right angle, and have an
obtuse triangular sinus 2 inches deep between them ;
both surfaces are nearly concolorous green. Midrib
slender, nearly twice as jirominent above as beneath,
rounded on both sides but less so beneath ; from
the very base of the midrib, on each side, a slender
nerve proceeds somewhat horizontally half way to-
wards the margin, and then abruptly curves up-
wards, forming an intramarginal vein about \ inch
with the margin, which is connected with the midrib
byten to twelveslender, straight ascendinginconspica-
ous veins on each side. The hindward branches of the
midrib which run into the hind lobes are scarcely
denuded at the sinus, and only prominent beneath ;
they branch into three slender nerves about an inch
from the base, the inner one of which extends to
about halfway along the hind lobes and then abruptly
curves forward and runs out to the margin, aboat
one-fourth the w.iy up the front lobe ; the middle
one extends nearly to the tip of the hind lobes and
then abruptly curves forward and soon runs out to

Decejihee 24, IS-ST-l

THE GABDE NEBS' CHRONICLE.

777

tlie margin, and the outer one is nearly parallel to
the carved margin, and runs out to the margin after
just curving round the apex of the hind lobe. Pe-
duncle 12—14 inches long, terete, brownish-green ;
spathe reflexed, 2| inches long, one-third of an inch
broad at the base, gradually tapering in a straight
line to a subulately pointed apex. Spadix subscssile.

dition with Mr. S. Courtauld, Hocking Place, Brain-
tree, Essex. This gentleman compares it both with
Masdevallia leontoglossa and M. elephanticeps. The
first-named species may be immediately distinguished
by its smaller flower, the inferior part of the perigone
only slightly divided into two very short tails. As
far as I know it has always a very short peduncle,

possess a rather fair opportunity of forming an
opinion about the species.

Our plant is smaller by at least a quarter, even
more. I have little to add to my description of
1834. The inside of the sepals is rather pretty. The
tail of the median sepal is deep yellow, and some-
what thickened on the lower side. There are three

Fig, 149.— eucalyptus olodulus at hvekes, (see p. 784.)

2|— 3 inches long, tapering, dull dark green, the
flowers one-twelfth of an inch in diameter, with the
style only just exceeding the sepals. Brazil. N. E.
Jl'roun, Hc'rharmm, Kcw.

Masdetallia Mooeeana, Hchb. f.

This apparently very rare and decidedly very

interesting species has reappeared in the finest cou-

and peeps out between tlie moss as if the flowers
were curious pigmies.

As to Masdevallia elephanticeps, its flowers are
much larger, its tails much longer, and at the very
base of their fissure there is constantly a very
characteristic angular projection. The peduncle
is very long. Having sixty-eight dried flowers
and buds in my herbarium, I believe myself to

Indian-purple lines on the under surface of the prin-
cipal nerves, the lateral ones with angles spreading
outside. The lateral sepals, half connate, have short
yellow tails, a rough warty anterior inner surface,
Indian-purple coloured, with a very pallid transverse
zone in front of the dark base. Petals white, with a
dark Indian-purple line continued to nearly the apex,
Lip a little convex, oblong, blunt acute, with threa

778

THE GAliDENEnS' CHRONICLE.

[December 24, 188^,

obscure keels, rough on the anterior side and anterior
borders. Column light green, with a ■white area and
a dark Indian-purple margin around the androclinium
and angles of the column. This looks very neat.
There is a light Indian-purple blotch under the
fovea. The leaf is cuneate oblong, ligulate acute, tri-
dentate, exceedingly stiff and strong, nearly a span
long by 2 inches in width. There are small reddish
spots on the petiolar base on both sides as well as on
the stalked ovary.

Mr. S. Courtauld sent me very fine materials, very
well packed, so that it was quite a pleasure to deal
with the plant. H. G. Bclih.f.

CiTRiPEDiCM onnuM, hyh., orig. dub.
Leaves shaped nearly as in Cypripedium barbatum,
a little narrower, but quite like them underneath
and lightish marbled above. The peduncle is hairy,
1 ^ss than a span high. Bract much shorter than the
brown ovary. Upper sepal with a median purple-
mauve line, and seven similar ones at each side,
three or four of which are green at the top, as all
are at the very base. It is wide, oblong, and blunt-
aoute. The lateral sepals are much shorter than
the lip. The petals are ligulate, a little broader at
the top, blunt acute, decurved, partly reHexed, ciliate,
brownish-purple, with numerous blackish spots at
the basilar side under the lateral sepals, bearing a
brown line in the centre. Lip very large, two-
horned, horns and anterior margin of the lightest
ochre colour, base of the sac whitish, with greenish
veins, other part purplish-brown. Staminode biden-
tate at the inner side, with a reddish apiculus, yellow-
ish with green stripes on each side. I know nothing
about the parentage of this form. It may be com-
pared with Cypripedium doliare. I have a single
flower and some sketches prepared from it. It comes
from Mr. R.H. Measures, The Woodlands, Streatham,
London. H, a.Rchb.f.

DENDaoBiuM CvBELE X , Holfc, hyh. art.

This is an artificial hybrid, raised in the nursery
of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, at Chelsea, it is
scarcely necessary to add, by the skill of Mr. Seden.
It is the result of crossing 1). Findleyanum with the
pollen of D. nobile, and, as would naturally be ex-
pected with such a parentage, is a hybrid of much
promise. Curiously enough, though a seedling from
D. Findleyanum, it partakes less of the characters of
this species than of D. nobile, the pollen-parent. Its
flowers much resemble those of the Litter, the sepals
and petals are white, slightly tipped with light rose ;
the lip is nearly white, though slightly suff*used with
pale yellow, and has a large blotch of deep crimson-
purple at the base. The stems are similar to those
of D. nobile, but more compressed, and the intemodrs
swollen laterally — thus approaching those of the
seed-parent. D. Findleyanum is a large-flowered
species, the segments white, sufi"used with pale rose ;
the lip deep yellow in the centre, shading off to light
yellow at the margin. It is allied to D. crassinode,
though the swollen internodes are twice as long and
only half as thick as in that species. The curious
circumstance in connection with our hybrid is the
almost total loss of the yellow of the lip, so well
represented in the mother species. Tlie seed was
sown in April, 1881, and has just recently flowered,
80 that it has taken six years to arrive at this im-
portant period of its history, A. D. Holfr, Ketv.

Trees and Shrubs.

T\V(] GOOD AVENUE TREES.
In passing through a nobleman's place the other
(lay, my attention was chiefly arrested by two
avenues — the one composed of Horse Chestnut
trees, and the other of Elms, The Chestnut lined
a long stretcli of road, and although they are now
entirely bare of leaves, the look of them is grand.
What they are when covered with leaves, and
especially when in full blossom, it does not need
much of an imagination to conjure up. The chief

drawback, of course, to extensive Horse Chestnut
planting is the comparative uselcssness of the wood
when grown. The Elm is free from objection in this
direction, but has not the same claim to beauty of
leaf and flower as the Chestnut has. The Elm to
which I refer formed a long avenue, some 50 or 60
yards wide, running from the front of the mansion
and extending half a mile. The trees were planted
in double rows — an arrangement greatly adding to
their effect. The portion of the avenue nearest the
house appeared to be the growth of a former genera-
tion, as they were not only much taller, but possessed
a peculiar dignity and grace which nothing but years
can give. Nevertheless, the old and the younger
trees blended well together — the latter being from .30
to 40 feet high — and left one with the impression
that, well arranged and in suitable situations, the
useful timber tree (the Elm) is also one of the best
possible trees for forming avenues worthy of the
noble piles they are intended to adorn. D. J. Y.

The Wellinotonia.
The Garclcncrs Monthly says that in the North-
eastern States of the Union the Wellingtonias
dwindle away in consequence of the attacks of a
fungus, Cercospora sequoiic. In American gardens
" not one tree in a hundred escapes. Sometimes the
tree is wholly killed before it is three years old, and
of the many hundreds we have known planted only
one exists now." The Wellingtonia (Sequoia) does
not thrive on all soils with us, but we know of no
such mortality as this.

Privets and Tircin Uses.

Although there are nearly a dozen species and
varieties of Privet that may be relied upon as being
perfectly hardy in this country, yet only one is at all
commonly cultivated, and that our n.ative plant,
Ligustrum vulgare. All the Privets are, more or
less, ornamental plants, and all are of great value in
the formation of shrubberies, arbours, and game
coverts ; indeed, in combining the useful with the
ornamental, we may say, without fear of contradic-
tion, that no other genus of plants can surpass that
now under consideration. They grow freely, nav,
even thrive luxuriantly, in the poorest of soils, bear
cutting over or hard trimming in with impunity, have
few equals as hedge plants or for game covert pur-
poses, while last, but not least, they are cheaply pro-
cured and very readily propagated.

Tht' common PrUrt {Llf/usfmni vulgare) has been
used from time immemorial in the formation of
shrubberies, and for hedgerow purposes, and this, no
doubt, owing lai'gely to the ease with which it may be
propagated, as well as its strong, hardy nature, and
non-partiality for any particul.ar soil or situation.
Few indeed are the soils that come amiss to the
Privet, and just as few are the situations — scraggy,
breezy rock, or open down — where this homely
plant cannot eke out an existence. As a hedge plant
the Privet is undoubtedly of great value, but, unless
it be in the formation of those of an ornamental cast
and where but little resisting power is required, it
should never be used alone, but in conjunction with
some stiffer growing shrub, as the Quick, Blackthorn,
or Beech, and whose strong branches act as a support
to the more feeble Privet. For game covert purposes
this plant is well worthy of commendation, it increas-
ing rapidly, bearing cutting over and pruning with
impunity, and forming a dense tangled mass of the
cosiest of underwood. It Layers well, indeed this is
the method of propagation usually resorted to in the
shrubbery and game covert, while cuttings root
freely, and quickly form stout, sturdy, well-branched
plants.

As an ornamental ]dant we have often thought that
the Privet receives far too little attention, for cer-
tainly when seen at its best, either with the ivory-
white panicles of by no means unpleasantly scented
flowers or berries of the deepest purple, it is not to'
be despised, and can well hold its own with hundreds
of other plants whose only merit, if merit we can
call it, is their rarity. Amongst the numerous forms
of the Privet— for there are gold and silver variegated

forms, those with persistent foliage, white and yellow-
berries, nd a rare but beautiful weeping variety —
perhaps the prettiest of all is the golden-leaved
plant, or rather we should say a plant whose normal
green leaves are irregularly edged with a bright
golden-yellow.

It is very effective, and we never saw it in better
form than a short time ago in a lonely dell that
was rendered semi-dark even at mid-day by the
far-spreading branches of some magnificent Beech
trees, the gloom seeming as if to impart additional
brightness to the parti-coloured leaves of this sin-
gularly handsome Privet, which were almost co-
mingled with those of a fine specimen of the Mahonia,
these being a dark and rich glossy green, and thus
well fitted for contrasting with the golden-yellow
of the plant in question.

The Oml-!cai'ed Privet {L. ovalifoKiim) is a decided
acquisition to our list of ornamental hedge plants.
It is of a more stiff and upright nature than the
common Privet, though not sufficiently so to form a
fence such as is required to prevent the inroads of
farm stock to woods and plantations. We have used
it largely for giirden division hedges and for this
purpose it is admirably suited, soon forming a dense
wall of the brightest green and as close and compact
as could well be desired. It is in reality an ever-
green species, for unless the frost is unusually severe
the leaves are retained throughout the winter and in
asperfectandgreenastateasone would wish. Pruning
it bears well, and we have found it an excellent plan
to perform this operation twice during each sea-
son— first immediately after the growths are fully
formed in spring, and again during autumn or suffi-
ciently early to allow of fresh shoots being emitted
before winter sets in. For planting as game covert
it is not of much v.alue, the growths being too stiff
and upright, and quite wanting in the pliability of
those of the common plant. It is i*eadily raised
from cuttings treated in the usual way.

L. omlifulium varkgatum, with its roundish, oval,
bright yellow leaves, is a variety that is well worthy
the attention of plantei's, but it is of too stiff a
habit for extensive use, a few well-arraged clumps,
however, havinga remarkably pleasing appearance
when placed along the margins of a shrubbery,
but particularly when associated with such dark-
follaged shrubs as the Yew, Hollv, and Evergreen
Oak.

The Chinese Privet (L. sitiensc) is an almost ever-
green species of slender habit, the branches and
shoots being pubescent, while the leaves are shining
above and hairy beneath. It is of good habit, fairly
hardy, and of an accommodating nature, thriving
well in any soil if not surcharged with moisture.
The flowers are white, in loose terminal panicles,
and usually borne in quantity during July and
August. There are two well-marked varieties of the
Chinese Privet— one having beautifully variegated
leaves, while the other, which is named Staun-
tonii, is of a semi-erect growth, and readily
recognised from the normal plant. Tliis Privet
may well be included amongst the occupants of our
shrubberies, for it is of free growth, with a wide-
spreading, bushy head, and easy habit.

The Leathcrij-lcavcd Privet (L. coriaceiim). — This,
usually known under the name of L. glabrum, is a
very distinct, interesting, and beautiful species, with
thick glossy leaves, and a dense upright habit of
growth. With us it soon forms a neat, average-sized
shrub, and, being evergreen, is particularly useful
wherever ornamental plants for clumps or shrub-
beries are in request. It bears trimming well,
sending out numerous shoots wherever a branch
has been removed, and for this reason may be
freely used even in confined spaces. As a standard
specimen it is very desirable — more so than any
other species we know of, its dense, well-br.anched
head and rather upright mode of growth being
particul.ar recommendations.

Tlie Japan Privet (L. japonicum) resembles in
its mode of growth the common form, but from
which it may at once be detected by the larger
and broader leaves and finer p.auicle of flowers.

December 2-i, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

779

It is of a robust spreading nature, but never very
tall; perhaps it is the lowest growing of the genus,
and flowers profusely from about the second week of
July till the end of August. Like all the other species
it is toa great extent indifferent as to the nature of the
soil, but seems to attain greatest luxuriance in warm
and sheltered situations. Its uses are almost similar
to those of the common Privet, while it is almost as
hardy, and quite as ornamental. Of this there is
likewise a variegated-leaved form, pnd wliich, when
seen at its best, is beyond doubt a very distinct and
desirable plant for ornamental planting. Cuttings
inserted in light sandy soil during August or Sep-
tember root freely, and quickly form fine bushy
specimens.

The above may be considered as about the most
distinct and interesting of such Privets as have yet
found their way into this country ; but there are
numerous forms which we have thought unworthy of
mention, from the fact that they are not constant
under cultivation, more particularly the variegated-
leaved and variously habited kinds. We have pro-
cured numbers of the so-called constant varieties,
but a fair trial of these has been productive of
nothing but disappointment, as they usually revert
to the normal or parent plant after a little time and
under fairly good cultivation. One or two are, how-
ever, exceptions to the rule, and these we have in-
cluded in our list.

In planting the Privet, unless, indeed, it be the
rarer and more expensive kinds, whether for orna-
mental effect or for game covert, we have found it
advisable to insert the plants doubly thick at first,
and when they begin to encroach upon each other
every alternate one may be removed, as by so doing
a finished appearance is imparted at once, while the
extra plants used when they have served their pur-
pose may be transplanted to other quarters. An
annual cutting back of all long and straggling shoots
will greatly enhance the value of the plant where a
dense low growth is of first importance, while layer-
ing is a simple as well as an inexpensive method of
causing the Privet to cover any required tract of
ground. A. D. Webster.

The Herbaceous Border.

THE BEAK'S-FOOT, OR STINKING HELLE-
BORE (HELLEBORUS FCETIDUS).

Amongst all the cultivated species of Hellebore
1 know of no more stately and ornamental a plant
than the one in question. To see it in some of the
woodlands here is something grand, for the great
3-feet square plants, with hundreds of the con-
spicuous yellowish-green flowers, which contrast so
■well with the deep green, finely-cut foliage, have
a truly picturesque effect that, at least under such
circumstances, one rarely sees equalled.

The wood in which these fine plants are now
growing so well was well thinned out a few years
ago; the result of which is, that the Hellebore
has increased wonderfiiUy in numbers as well as
individually gained in strength. In such places it
seeds freely, for I, some time ago, counted fuUv
one hundred seedling plants, from 3 to fully
6 inches in height, in a square yard of ground
surface, and outside of that limited boundary
there were hundreds more ; thus showing that,
if not truly indigenous to Carnarvonshire,
it may be considered as fully naturalised. I
can find no trace of its having been planted in
these woods, and I have not seen it growing in any
garden about, and from which it might have been
transferred to its present situation. Planted in good
strong dampish loam, and in the shade, this Helle-
bore is no mean garden plant when fully established ,
but how rarely do we see it gracing such situations,
or even massed in conspicuous portions of the wild
garden or shrubbery ! Perhaps its foetid odour is
one drawback to its extensive cultivation ; but this
should not be so, for unless handled, neither flowers
nor foliage emit the unpleasant smell for which the

plant is remarkable. The foliage is, in my opinion,
perfect in every way for decorative purposes, while
the tall spikes of drooping flowers are both effective
and pretty for placing in good-sized vases within the
house. A. D. Webster.

Anemoxe japonica alba.
Seed of this valuable border plant is so regularly
offered both in trade and retail catalogues that I am
anxious to ask through your columns if any of your
reaiers can vouch for any case of its germination.
I have frequently examined my own plants for good
seed in vain, and I have purchased samples of so-
called seed wjiich were mere trash, but I am open to
conviction on sufficient evidence. I say nothing of
the chances of its coming true. If any authentic
instance of growth, either of this or the other varie-
ties of the'Japanese Anemone, can be produced, I for
one shall be much interested. East Anglian.

A VINEYARD ON BLACKHEATH.

"We reprint from an early volume, at the request
of some correspondents, an account of a vineyard at
Blackheath : —

For the following account of a vineyard at Black-
heath we are indebted to Sir H. Bunbury, who found
it among the papers of Sir Thomas Hanmer, one of
his ancestors, who belonged to the court of Charles I.
The date of the memorandum is, however, rather
uncertain. Sir Thomas Hanmer was obliged to take
refuge in France at the close of Charles I.'s last
campaign against the Parliament; but he obtained
permission to return to England about 1653, and
remained under surveillance in Suffolk (not being
permitted to reside at his own seat in Wales), till
the restoration of the House of Stuart. He died in
1678. It is, however, probable that the paper was
written before the civil wars ; for as Sir Thomas
dwelt dnring his exile in wine-growing countries,
and was an observant and zealous gardener, he must
have been familiar in the latter part of his life with
modes of training and managing Vines w'hich were
common in France, but which appear to have struck
him as novelties at the time he wrote his account of
the vineyard at Blackheath : —

"The Eoyle of this vineyard (which was a part of
Blackheath, near Greenwich, in Kent) is extream
barren (as it seems to bee) of a light whitish sand
mixt with small stones; on the earth naturally
grows nothing but Ling and Furss. The situation
is on the side of an hill, which lyes full facing on tho
south, well defended by the hills from the north and
west wynds. The parcell of ground was betwixt
1 and 2 acres. The earth was in the summer time
or autumn digged into shallow trenches and ridges.
A little before or after Christmas, as the weather
was open and fair, the yong-rooted Vines (which
came most from cuttings, and were of three years'
growth in the nursery before removing hither) were
set in the trenches here in straight lines 2 yards
asunder each Vine. Betwixt each rank of Vines
there was a path 4 feet wide to go betwixt the Vines
and digg and pruin them ; from each root two of the
strongest shoots only were suffered to grow up every
yeare, which were tyed up to a stake of about 4 feet
high, and soe stood till the bynd Vines begin to
sprout out, which was in Aprill, and the tops of each
of these two shoots are bowed down to a stake stucke
betwixt every two roots, and tyed archwise to the
said stake ; one of the two braunches is tyed to the
right-hand stake, and the other to the left-hand
stake. Remember in May and June, when the Vines
are archt thus, and that they flower for Grapes, to
nip or cut off the great wild red shoots above the
flowers to feed and give them sap the better. These
two shoots aforesaid bowed soe downe put forth
yong braunches at the joynts, which will fall and
hang down to the very earth, and bare Grapes to the
ground. The lowest Grapes are sweetest, and are
ripe soonest, because of tho reflexion from the earth.
Every yeare the root from whence the aforesaid two
shoots grew will put forth severall new shoots, which

must bee suffered all to gi'ow till pruining-timo,
which is from Christmas till March: in that tyme
you must cut away the said two old shoots within
one joynt of the head of the old stock (which head
shold not bee a foot higher than the earth), and
suffer the two strongest new shoots of this last yeare
to stand up to be tyed to the stake till they are
archt down in Aprill or March as aforesaid. Then
you must cut away close all the sprouts and shoots
besides the two aforesaid from the roote and head of
the stocke, except two only, which must bee the
strongest next to the first two, and those two must
not bee cut of more than two eyes or joynts of the
stocke, and are left soe to serve for the two shoots
for the year following, when the other two shoots
are cut away. And this order must bee observed
yearly in pruinings of these vineyard Vines. The
pruinings of Vines which grow high on walls or trees
is quite another way. Colonell Blunt says that
Vines cannot stand too dry, nor never need water-
ing, and prosper best in a shallow earth, where the
roots cannot run down deep as on rockes or gravell.
Springs must be drained away from a vineyard, if
there bee any ; the roots cannot endure wett. The
Colonell sayth he uses no dung nor compost to this
barren earth of his vineyard, which is very strange.
The gi'ound must bee kept cleand from weeds with
bowing, and the weeds may lye to rot about the
bind-roots. The fittest Vines for a vineyard in
England are thought to bee the wliite and the Red
Muscadin ; the Red Corant Grape with stones, and
the severall Frontiniack Vines, as good as any, or
better."

Nursery Notes.

GORDON NURSERY, TWICKENHAM.

To the ranks of the comparatively few trade
growers of C.vclamens has been added the name of
" Jlr. Jolin May. Judging from a recent visit to the
nursery it is intended by the proprietor that the cul-
tivation of the Cyclamen in his nursery shall not be
allowed to deteriorate, but rather to advance. Mr.
May, previous to taking the Gordon Nursery, was
grower of the Cyclamen to such successful cultivators
as Mr. R. Clarke, Twickenham ; Mr. H. B. Smith,
Ealing ; and Mr. ,T. Odell, HiUingdon ; and the
e.Ktensive experience gained in these establishments
has been well turned to account in his own nursery.
He has erected as a beginning — for he means to
" launch out " further later on — six substantial span-
roofed houses, each 60 feet in length, containing
about 4000 plants, which it is not too much to say
would be difficult to beat, all the plants being cha-
racterised by a vigorous, healthy, bushy growth, and
a remarkable floriferousness of flower, the plants
being only about fourteen months old. Even with-
out flowers many of the specimens presented a pretty
aspect, reminding one somewhat of the foliaged
section of Begonias, the leaves being finely marbled,
or mottled and marked with silvery-grey, and of great
substance, exhibiting the rude health of the plants.

Mr. May is especially strong in the useful and
showy giganteum section, the now well known C.
corapactum being remarkably attractive, with its
large white flowers well set off with a deep purplish
base. Although the collection is so good in whites
yet it is not confined to these, the colours ranging
from white through various shades to the deepest
crimson. A good "night colour" is the rose-tinted,
showing off to much better advantage by artificial
light than the dark crimsons. Amongst the latter
we noted one of a rich velvety hue of colour — very
novel. It may not prove uninteresting to put on
record briefly Mr. May's system of culture, for the
benefit of those growers who have tried the quick
method of rearing these plants. The seed is sown in
August in pans, then pricked out, when ready, into
6-inch pots, twelve plants in a pot. Here they
remain nntil February ; they are then potted into
60'8, and from those into 32's and 48's — their final
shift. The pots are well drained nearly half-way up
the pot — an important point in successful cultivation,

•?.o

THE GJBDENEnS' CHRONICLE.

[Decehber 24 1887.

as the plants "revel" in plenty of drainage — tlie soil
used being good yellow loam and leaf-mould ; but,
above all, keep the plants scrupulously free from
those pests of the Cyclamen, thrips and greenfly, and
success will reward the cultivator's endeavours.
Some growers advocate two sowings of seed, but it
is found here that from one sowing a succession of
bloom may be obtained.

We noticed a fine batch of plants — about 200, in
8-inch pots — which will make fine stuff in early
spring, when e.ich plant will, in all probability, be
crowned with a hundred flowers. We also noted in
one of the houses what may be called a successful
utilisation of space. On one side of the structure
was a batch of Cyclamens, on the other a quantity of
well-grown plants of winter-flowering zonal Pelar-
goniums, consisting chiefly of the varieties Henri
Jacoby and Kaspail ; while trained in Vine fashion
to the sides and roof of the house was a splendid crop
of that still useful Tomato, Hackwood Park Prolific,
forming a pretty and effective drapery with its
pendent fruits. lieferring again to Pelargoniums,
we noted a good stock of that best of tricolors, Mr.
H. Cox. B.

APPLE TREE DISEASES.

The WooLtY Aphi.s and its Repbession.

Among the many diseases to which the Apple
tree is subject none is, says Professor E. W. Hil-
gard, of the University of California, so persistent
and hard to eradicate, and more widespread, than
the woolly aphis (Schizoneura lanigera). The home
of this pest seems to be obscure. In England it is
supposed to have come from America, and here it
goes under the name of American Apple blight ; it
is also found in France and Germany, but wherever
met is regarded as one of the most formidable of
pests. The Chilian Consul of San Francisco stated
several years ago that in Chili it had destroyed
whole forests of the wild Apple.

The insects are always surrounded by a whitish
woolly substance — hence the name, " woolly " aphis.
Like all aphides, this species increases with asto-
nishing rapidity, and only a few need be left on a
tree to soon spread all over it.

It has been found in the Californian experimental
station that while the presence of the woolly aphis
makes itself so conspicuous above ground, on the
branches, covering them as if with snow, yet the
most serious trouble lies out of sight, at the roots,
which, in the dry climate of California they inhabit
as freely as they do the branches, sapping the
vitality of the tree to such an extent tliat the fruit
becomes small and valueless. If allowed to go on
unchecked the trees gradually die. To the Apple
tree the woolly aphis is what the Phylloxera is to
the Grape Vine, sucking and causing swellings and
knobs all over the roots, as well as at the root-
crown. When young trees first become infested, and
it is discovered in time, a number of remedies may
be efifectively used.

Gas Lisie.
On the whole, it has been found at the Californian
experimental station that they have no remedy so
inexpensive and efficacious as gas-lime. Outside of
its penetrating odour this material has but one
objection— it is a strong medicine, that must be used
with care, and the dose must be regulated somewhat
according to the soil and subsoil, and the age of the
Apple trees. There is necessarily some diflTerence in
the strength of gas-lime, according to its freshness,
as it gradually loses some of its ingredients by
exposure to the air, and especially to rain. Never-
theless, when applied to a given spot, it has been
found to retain its efficacy for at least three years.
Instead of removing the soil and putting the gas-
lime in close contact with the Apple trees, as w.is
done in the earlier years, tlie best plan has been
found to spread about a shovelful and a half— i.e.,
about 2 or :i lb.— iu a d-y state, within a radius of
4 feet over the surface of the ground around the
tree, trusting to the rain to wash it into the soil.

To prevent the .aphis from remaining close on the
root crown, fresh aslies — a few shovelfuls to each
tree — were piled close about the trunk. The work is
done early in October, and the copious rains of that
season give good opportunity for action.

On the trees examined thus far the result has been
very satisfactory. They show, says Professor
Hilgard, by the knots and swellings on the roots,
that they were once badly infested ; still, there is no
aphis on them now, while on a few other trees left
without treatment the insects are crowded. Two
rows of trees treated several years ago, and now
treated .again, but having had no ashes placed about
them, show the aphis working downward .again. To
make the work complete, therefore, it seems neces-
sary to use ashes or some similar material close
.about the root of the tree.

The dose of gas-lime to be given to an Apple tree
should vary according to its size and age, and the
nature of the soil. In a porous, deep soil there is
less danger of injury from the lime than in a clayey
one, where the water charged with the antidote per-
meates the soil very slowly, and has time to corrode
the bark. In the case of some old trees in the Santa
Cruz Mountains treated last season, according to the
suggestions of Professor Hilgard, although the gas-
lime had been put right on the roots after the soil
had been taken away, the roots remained perfectly
sound, and all the aphis killed. The soil was a sandy
loam, underlaid by limey sandstone. Thus the ex-
act dose to be recommended is a little difficult to de-
termine. It is alw.ays safe to use a small dose first
— from one shovelful on a small tree, to four on a
very large one, spread over the surface of the soil
according to the spread of the root, will generally be
found right. John J. Willis.

The Bulb Garden.

CRINUM COMMELYNI AND C. IIILDE-
BRANDTII.
Both these species are now flowering in the Palm-
house at Kew. C. Commelyni has leaves 2 feet
long, 1.4- inch wide, and ch.annelled ; an erect scape
I foot long, bearing an umbel of four flowers ; these
are erect, the tube 9 inches long, as thick as a
goosequill, green, and the spreading linear seg-
ments are 4 inches long, slightly recurved, and pure
white ; anthers large, yellow, on bright red filaments
'2k inches long. It is a native of South America,
and requires warm-house treatment. It is easily
grown, and flowers sometimes twice a year.

CniNUJI HiLDEERANDTII

is a recent introduction from Johanna Island. It
is very similar to the former, but ]>roduces twelve
flowers in an umbel, and the segments of the flower
are a little shorter. A plant of this species growing
under the shade of the Palms, along with which it
is planted out in a large bed, is much happier than
one in a pot on the shelf devoted to African plants.
These are two pretty and easily grown stove plants,
specially useful on account of their flowering in
winter. There does not appear to be much diff'er-
ence between these two and C. erubescens and C.
americanum; at all events in habit, leaf characters,
and the general characters of the inflorescence, they
might fairly be placed under one species. W.

Crixu.m AN'orsTUM.
This is one of the very best of the large tropical
Crinums. It has an Onion-shaped large bulb, 1 foot
by (j inches in strong specimens, with a thick stem-
like neck, and twenty or thii'ty large, green, fleshy
leaves, 4 feet long by 4 inches wide, chiinnelled, and
spreading into a fine head. The flower-scape is 2 feet
or more long, erect, and bears .an umbel of half-
iioddlng flowers, the tube of which is 5 inches long
by a quarter of an inch thick, and the segments
hh inches by three-quarters of an inch, semi-erect,
whitish inside, crimson outside, with white margins ;
the colour of the tube is brown-red. .Stamens two-

thirds as long as the segments, crimson, with orange-
yellow anthers. As there are twenty-four flowers in
an umbel, the rich beauty of the inflorescence can
easily be imagined, A large example of this species
is now flowering in the Palm-house at Keiv. A
similar phant flowered iu the same house a month
ago. Culturally the Crinums divide themselves into
two gi'oups, one of which requires a period of rest
and perfect drought, the other must be kept moist —
well watered, in fact — all the year round. C. an-
gustum, C. aslaticum, C. americanum, and C.
giganteum belong to the latter set, whilst in C. flacci-
dum, C. Bainesii, and C. Forbcsianum we have
examples of the former, or rest-requiring group. To
know which of the two groups a species of Crinum
belongs to Is tlie key-note to its successful cultiva-
tion. W.

FLORISTS' Flowers.

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS WORTH
GROWING.
I AM principally indebted to Messrs. Cannell,
of the " Home for Flowers," Swanley, Kent, for the
opportunity of seeing many of the subjoined varie-
ties for the first time, and I noted a few more while
acting as judge at our local shows ; many of them I
have grown this season with others not worth growing
again for any purpose.

Incurved.

I have tried growing seedlings, but did not succeed,
although the Japanese sorts come like weeds from
seed. This is probably a principal reason why addi-
tions to the incurved class recently, of any value, are
chiefly sports, such as —

Bronze Queen of England. — I have seen this in
almost all exhibition stands, and very effective it is.
It grew vigorously with me, and was one of the very
few of some hundreds that showed a tendency to
mildew. It will be largely grown in futm-e.

Mrs. Norman Davis, oi Golden Princess Teck. —
Except in colour it is an exact counterpart of its
parent, Princess Teck. The petals are wide and
finely tapering ; the colour resembles Mr. Bunn, but,
except with advanced crown buds, the latter has the
advantage of coming in in the proper time for show
purposes.

Mrs. Norman Davis is rather late.

R-Jlcxc(l.

Sulphur Gem. — This is rather floriferous, and in
colour a sulphur-orange ; but I am afraid it cannot
be grown large enough for show purposes, and should
be classed with hybrid pompons.

Jlons. Weick Flls. — This was issued last year as
a Japanese, but to my mind it has all the charac-
teristics— at least with me — of a good reflexed flower.
The colour is somewhat brighter than King of Crim-
son, or Cullinfordi, but this is partially owing to the
petals being narrowly edged with gold : it is very
efl'ective. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons have got three
new reflexed, of which we shall likely hear more.

.Elsie. — This is a bright canary-yellow, and was
certificated at the Crystal Palace last year, but,
judging from the show reports, has not yet got to be
generally grown.

Japanese,

Anemone. — This is certainly an acquisition to an
already limited bnt beautiful class, especially as it is
pure white, and trebly fringed. The shape and
appearance is otherwise in the way of the chaste
Fleur de Marie. The central petals have a most
fascinating shade of bluish-green, that sets off the
body colour.

Ralph Brocklebank. — This is a sport from Meg
Merrilies, raised near Liverpool, and the charac-
teristics seem to have become permanent. The flo-
rets are light yellow, large, and flat : and, when well
grown, not so thin as those of the type.

Jlr. H. Wellam. — This seems to be a new depar-
ture, judging from the specimens before me, from
Swanley ; while three-fourths of the petals are flaked,

December 24, 1887.]

THE GAIiDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

the main colour of tlie flower is white, crimson-
purple. It would be very effective in a stand, and
seems to be large enough for show purposes.

Edwin Molyneux. — -This is one of the newest
Japanese acquisitions. The petals are as wide,
and somewhat resemble those of Comte de Germiny,
but there the resemblance ends, for this is a
massive flower, with a full centre, and the petals
do not curl inwards, like that variety. Like many
others this must be well grown, and with only
a few blooms allowed to remain when grown for
exhibition,

This is also a sport from Ethel, and for late flower-
ing very desirable. Tlie arrangement of the petals
resembles Peter the Great and HiverFIeuri.

Edouard Audigier. — This seems to merit all the
honour bestowed on it, and is likely, for early
show purposes, to be popular. It seems to have
the purple of Dormillion and the maroon of Jeanne
Delaux, and with the good qualities of both, with
drooping florets.

Avalanche. — This seems to have come to the front
with a bound, being found in almost all the winning
Stands, and most ett'ective. while those who grow it

Fig. 150. — eucalyptus gunnii : the hardiest species, (see p. 784.)

Mr. WilKam Holmes. — This has fully main-
tained its reputation as a brilliant crimson, and
if terminal buds are depended on it might be
suitable for the November shows ; otherwise
it is too early. It is, however, wonderfully floiri-
ferous.

Mrs. H. Cannell. — This seems a second Yellow
Dragon, or Thunberg, and for mixing in stands of
Japanese is likely to be largely grown. The centre
fills in finely. The colour is a pleasing yellow.

Lady Lawrence. — Of all the whites, with the
exception of, perhaps, Mrs. H. Cannell, this has the
largest and broadest florets of any I have seen.
These incui"ve, and form a globular flower.
L Yellow Ethel, New Year's Day, or Mrs. Jones.—

admire etill more its habit and growth. It is a pure
clear white of fine form.

Carew Underwood. — A sport from Baron de Frailly.
It was largely grown and shown in Dublin, Cork, &c.,
and is superior to its parent.

Of others which are warmly spoken of, I may
name Mrs. J. Wright, Mr. Orchard, Maggie Mitchell,
C. Gibson, and Amy Furze. W. J. Murphy, Clomiiel.

Insecticides.— Peter Henderson of New York
recommends the use of Fir-tree oil in the proportion
of one pint of oil to ten gallons of water, syringed
on once a week, and continued when necessary.
For Roses and Chrysanthemums, twice a week after
watering, tobacco dust mixed with flowers of sulphur
is shaken over the plants.

Fruit Register.

CHRISTMAS PEARS.
A NOTE on these may be of some interest at the
present time, as at no period of tlie year perhaps is
good fruit in greater request than during tlie passing
week ; it is therefore of some importance to culti-
vators to know what sorts are really suitable to grow,
and which produce good fruit. It is strange that,
although there are plenty of good varieties of Peara
in existence, few are ever to be found in market !
Why shouhl not Josephine deMalines be as plentiful
as that extremely uncertain variety, Easter Beurr^ ?
In our fruit-room here to-day (December 20) we
have exactly twelve varieties ripe and fit for table.
These I place in two classes according to quality,
class 1 being far superior in quality to class 2 ; but
all are good.

Clms I.

Josephine de Malines. — This is the leading Christ-
in.xs Pear, one of its great merits being its constant
good quality.

Beurru Sterckmanthns. — Of very great merit.

Beurri; de Jonghe.— Of delicate and extra quality,
and always good.

La Sueur GrtSgoire. — Of brisk, piquant flavour, AI.

Nouvelle Fulvie. — Generally ripens later; fine
quality.

Bergaraotte Esperen. — A well known good sort ;
constant.

dass II.

Belle apres Noel. — Generally belies its name, and
ripens before Christmas ; pretty, and sometimes
good.

Beurr6 Ranee.— An old well known variety, not
tpiite constant ; sometimes rich.

Easter Beurre. — Good sometimes, but uncertain ;
many inferior.

Old Colinar.— Moderately rich, and pretty con-
stant.

Bergamotte Cadette. — A small sort, second quality,
always the same.

Lewis. — lledium, pretty good quality.

Winter Nelis. — One of the very best Pears in ex-
istence, being all good, and always good alike, is just
finished ; also Glou Morcjeau and Passe Colmar, but
extremely uncertain varieties here.

Of those coming on to ripen, we have the Old St.
Germain, by no means a bad Pear ; Passe Crassane,
and Duchesse de Bordeaux. There is no reason why
Christmas Pears should not be as abundant as October
Pears. Tliey would sell quite as well, and would be
more appreciated ; and were their high merits better
known.^they would be eagerly sought after. A. F. B.

Apricots.
The territory of Tashkend possesses a large
number of varieties, whose fruit is, however, inferior
in delicacy to those of Europe, and they operate
injuriously on the digestive organs, and increase the
influence of miasma on travellers. The earliest
Apricots of Tashkend ripen in May. On the upper
Tarafshan and towards the upper Amu Daria, how-
ever, the Apricots hang on the trees until August,
and remain small. The Apricots everywhere are
dried on the roofs, for use as dried fruit. In the
bazaars are found mostly the large fruits of Namangan
and Andidshan. The beautiful and delicately
flavoured Apricots of Badachshan before being dried
are stoned, and then pressed into a long shape, like
Dates.

In the regions of the Amu Daria, Apricot
kernels form a favourite dainty. The preparation of
a conserve made of the juice of the Apricot in the
form of pastilles, is known to the Tadshiks of the
upper Garafshan, and to tlie Dungans of Sindun.
In Shugnan a libation is prepared from Apricot juice
wherewith the wooer after apparent rejection is made
welcome at the house door on carrying oiT the bride,
and as a token of consent. Afterwards the bride and
bridegroom drink a bowl of it in separate chambers
during the blessing. Also the wreaths wherewith
the bridegroom adorns himself in tlie wedding pro-_

782

THE GABDENEBS' CIIBONIGLE.

[Decembee 24, 1887.

cession consist chiefly of dried Apricots. A. Begel,
cited in " Report of the Montreal Horticuttural Societtj,
1S86-7."

Gkape Ghos SIahoc.

It is a matter of surprise to me tliat tliis fine Grape,
whicli lias been in this ciiuntry now for thirty years,
should be so little known amongst gardeners ; and
beyond the fact that it is a seedling, raised by M.
Vibert, and brought into notice by the late T. Rivers,
little else is known. It is grown here, and I think
very much of it. It has a splendid constitution,
does not require any extra heat to ripen its fruit
beyond that afforded by an ordinary vinery, and, if
well thinned, the berries are magnificent in size, the
colour a deep dark purple, and the bloom perfect.

It will grow under the same treatment as the Black
Hamburgh ; colours at the same time, and keeps good
for six weeks or two months longer than that variety.
I do not venture to say it has quite so fine a flavour,
but I will say that whoever plants it will not be dis-
appointed. Bunches of this Grape which were grown
here last season were the wonder of every one, but
there was nothing wonderful in the treatment the
Vines received. It may be remarked that when fine
bunches and berries are required, liberal thinning
of the berries must be resorted to, so as to allow the
berries room to grow to full size. J. Bust, Erid^e
Castle,

Vegetables.

SEAKALE FORCING.

This delicious vegetable, which is not surpassed by
any other in the garden, may be obtained by a little
forethought and systematic forcing from the end of
November to well on in the following May.

When the enormous losses sustained in gardens
by the whosale destruction of winter and spring crops
by severe frosts almost every winter are taken seriously
into consideration, I think the question may justly
be asked if this hardy British plant, which no frost
or other rough weather element can harm, has re-
ceived that share of attention from gardeners which
its undoubted merits deserve. I am afraid the
answer must be in the negative.

What a godsend a few acres of Seakale would be
to a market gardener in April or part of May, when
his land is bare of crops which the winter frosts have
destroyed ; and what a boon abundance of this vege-
table is at this time in private gardens when all
green vegetables of the previous year's growth are
scarce, and before Asparagus or any other spring
crop has come in ! So highly is this crop valued
here, that if I were compelled througli want of
time to neglect any kitchen garden ciop this would
certainly be the last I should think of neglecting.

The practice of taking up the crowns and forcing
them in pots or in beds in the Mushroom-house is
to be condemned as wasteful and highly unsatisfac-
tory. Wasteful, because you do not obtain a quarter
the weight of Kale you would, if the same crowns
were forced on the ground in which they grew ;
and unsatisfactory, because the quality of the Kale
from crowns taken up and forced is not to be com-
pared to that from crowns forced on the beds out-of-
doors. In point of time also the latter method is
to be preferred.

For the purpose of forcing it is necessary to be
possessed of forcing pots, boxes, or barrels, to
place over the crowns, and a sufficient quantity of
litter and leaves — thrown up to get rid of the rank
steam a week beforehand — wherewith to cover the
bed, so as to create a moderate heat. If the heat of
the bed of material can be kept steadily at about 90°
the shoots will be fit for cutting in about three
weeks from the time of starting, but very cold or very
wet weather will delay it. A good cover of litter
or bracken Fern should be placed over the beds as a
protection against frost after the produce is cut and
the dung cleared away. The plants will start early
into growth in the spring, when the shoots must be
reduced to two or three to a crown. If the beds are
encouraged by liberal top-dressings and good culti-
vation through the summer, the roots may be forced
for many years. For late spring su])ply I find one-

year-old beds are the best, as growth is later on those
than on other plants.

When the Kale is allowed to come on in spring at
its natural time of growth, it is not at all necessary
to place pots, &c., over the crown for bleaching. Any
light material, such as old Mushroom manure, spent
Hops, or leaf-soil placed over the crowns as growth
progresses will answer equally as well ; the only
difference it makes is that this entails the
Labour of washing the Kale when taken from the
mould. Indeed, the soil the Kale is grown in, if
comparatively light, will answer perfectly if taken
from the alley of the bed and placed lightly on, a
little at a time in dry weather. 0. T. C.

Celekiac.
This vegetable is in high repute here, both for
soups and as a second course vegetable, and also
for use in a mixed salad. For the latter purpose
the root is much appreciated by the cook, as it
gives a distinct Celery flavour to the salad with far
less bulk than by using the ordinary Celery. For
mi.xing in salads it is prepared by scraping into
thin shreds in the same way that Horse Radish is
prepared for use. Asa vegetable it may be cooked in
many ways, and once tasted it is always asked for
again. Since this root has become so popular here,
I have only to grow about one-half the usual
quantity of Celery, which is a decided saving in
labour, as it is as easily grown as a crop of Turnips.
The seed is sown at the same time as the main crop
Celery, and the young plants are treated in the same
way until planted out in beds or rows about 10
inches apart each way. The plant seems perfectly
hardy. T. [It is astonishing that so excellent a
vegetable is not more grown. Good roots fetch at
this season from Ad. to Of/, each, retail, in Covent
Garden Market. The roots come fiom France, but
only in small quantities. Ed.]

Veitch's Autumn Photecting Buoccoli.
This is undoubtedly an acquisition, and supplies a
long-felt want, viz., something to come into use
between Veitch's Autumn Cauliflower and the mid-
winter Broccoli. When not grown in too rich ground
Autumn Protecting Broccoli is much hardier than
many people suppose, that is to say, up to the time
the hearts commence forming, ivhen it should be
lifted and placed under protection at this time of
the year. This will be found the best variety of
Broccoli to grow to give a supply of heads to suc-
ceed Autumn Giant Cauliflower, over which it has
tlie advantage of being much hardier. We have been
now using it for six weeks from plants raised from
two successional sowings made on the following
dates — April 5 and May IG, and from the later
sowing we have still a number of plants out-of-doors
just commencing to heart. These will be lifted on
the approach of severe frost, and laid thickly together
in a deep frame, or planted in a pit as I may term it,
dug out in the open ground just so deep that
the foliage reaches the top. If this can be made on
high well-drained ground it is a capital substitute
for a cold frame, and is better than planting them
on the level ground, although there is little more
labour in doing it. In a pit of this description they
are well protected from the wind, and with a few
strips of wood and mats covered with litter or Fern,
the pit is easily rendered frost-proof. The edges of
the excavated pit should be made a little higher
than its surroundings in order to keep heavy rains
from draining in, and during severe frost the ground
should be covered several feet from the edge of the
pit as well as the top with the protecting material.
When freezing hard all day the mats and protecting
material need not be removed for several days in
succession, if it is necessary to keep it on, but after
such spells of darkness a little cleaning of the plants
may be required — any foliage which may have began
to decay removed. Hundreds of heads may be pre-
served by adopting such a plan. We shall have
enough of this variety to last until the end of
January, if not for a longer period, and such a long
supply from two sowings and plantings, and I venture
to say that such a supply could not be obtained from
any other variety. I will send a few further remarks
on Broccoli, a little later.

Gil

it's Univehsal Savov.

This, as grown here, is by far the best flavoured
variety that we have yet tried, perfect in shape, with
scarcely any waste in outside leaves, good for cutting
through October, November and December. It does
not seem so hardy as green curled and other varieties,
as the fi'ost experienced in November affected it
considerably.

Read's New Hearting Kale.
After trying this for several seasons, we have come
to the conclusion, that on the whole it is not so
profitable as the old tall Scotch Kale. Although
the heart of the plant produces a much better first
cut, yet afterwards, owing to its dwarf stem, it does
not produce more than half as many sprouts as the
last-named variety, the flavour and quality of the
two being similar, and on equality as to hardiness.
G. H. nichards.

PLANT PORTRAITS.

Cypbipedr-iM caud-Vtum Waescewiczii, Orchido-
phile, November.

Oncidium barbatom, lievue de I' Horticulture Beige,
December.

Philodendbon Andkeancm, flf i'KC tie l' Hortiuult tire
Beige, December.

Pybus "P. Scheideckeb," Illustrierle Monatshefte,
December.

Scuticabia Steelii, Orchidophilc, December 1.

Stellera Alberti, Garten Flora, t. 1262.— A
Daphne-like shrub, from Eastern Bokkara.

Plants and Their Culture.

Soils fob Potting. — As the progress of plants in
pots is in a great degree influenced by the condition
of the compost when made use of, the loam and peat
to be used in potting operations early in the new
year and which are stacked in the open, should now
be put into an airy shed in the required quantity, so
that it may become of a sufficiently dry state for use.
Loam of medium texture and very fibrous, suits the
requirements of the generality of plants that require
loam to grow them, while the kind of peat most gen-
erally useful is also that which is full of fibre,
of a brown colour, and of a nature tliat will with-
stand being rammed with the potting stick without
getting pasty. The black peat of a close texture,
usually found in boggy situations, is noxious to the
roots of most plants. Loam and peat should be
taken from the stacks and stored with as little
breakage as possible so that it may be torn apart,
when needed, into coarse or fine particles according
to requirements. A good supply of silver sand and
sharp river sand should also be got ready, as well as
the necessary quantity of leaf-soil, decayed cow
manure, &c.

Watering. — The plant grower's success resting in a
great measure upon the discriminate use of the
water-pot, to lay down precise rules for his guidance
is a difficult matter, but at the same time an intel-
ligent man, bent upon excelling in his work, will
acquire the necessary knowledge to become an expert
hand if he has the opportunity off'ered him, and is a
diligent observer. He will then get acquainted with
the demands of each genus or species under various
conditions, and also with those of individual speci-
mens under his care. The experienced man can,
generally speaking, discern by the characteristics of
a plant that is new to him, whether it does or does
not require much moisture. Slow growing, hard-
wooded subjects, succulents, and plants having hard
glossy foliage are, as a rule, moderate in their
requirements, and good judgment has to be used to
keep them in health ; while fast-growing plants, on
the contrary, that have flimsy foliage, require more,
and are almost invariably easier to manage. Then,
again, other plants, such as some deciduous bulbs,
cfirabers, &c., require a season of rest, and the soil
has to be brouglit gradually to a dry state by with-
holding water at the proper season, otherwise failure
will be incurred in their cultivetion. The system
of treating all classes of plants in much the same
manner is to be deprecated, and should never be
permitted.

Temperature. — For the temperature of the stove
no set figures should be strictly adhered to at this
dull season, but the thermometer should be allowed
a limited range of fluctuation in accordance with

December 24, 1887.]

THE GAR DENE US' CHBONICLE.

783

the conditions outside. During very mild weather
the night temperature of the stove may be kept up
to 63°, with a corresponding rise by day, accompanied
with a moderate amount of moisture, a little air
being given for a short time in the forenoon, if the
weather be favourable, as there is a danger of some
plants suffering if kept for several days in a stagnant
atmosphere. When high winds or severe frost pre-
vail, the temperature may safely fall 5° or even 7^
lower than the mean for a short time, in order to
avoid a dry parching state of the air in the houses,
which would injure the plants by absorbing their
juices. In houses where there is an insufficiency of
hot-water pipes, and these have to be highly heated
to keep up the desired degree of warmth, the stages,
&c., should be frequently damped. The above
remarks apply also to the forcing-house, while the
ordinary greenhouse should merely have frost and
damp excluded. Tkonms Coo>nher, Hcndir Gardens.

The Orchid Houses.

The Hygkometkh. — During severe frost it is diffi-
cult to guess at the real state of the atmosphere in
hothouses when first entering them from the out-
side ; at such times the hygrometer is a sure guide.
Here, during the evening, the atmosphere in the
Phalajnopsis and East Indian houses show 1° or 2°
of evaporation, and in the morning 2^ to 4°, but
after damping the floors, &c., it returns to within one
point of saturation, after which time it fluctuates
from 2° to 5° according to the state of the weather :
then the afternoon damping brings it back near to
the saturation point again for a short time. The
Cattleya-house hygrometer during the evening, and
in dull weather generally, shows about 3^ of evapor-
ation, and varies at other times from various causes,
as sunshine and ventilation, from 2° to 6°. The air
in the cool-house during winter is very moist gener-
filly, showing less than 3° of evaporation. The
Masdevallia-house, facing north, is often within one
of saturation.

Now flowering in a moderately cool house is the
pretty Oncidium cheirophorum, good size pieces, in
10 or 12-inch pots, producing many spikes of flower,
the yellow clusters of bloom being very attractive.
This Orchid will grow freely set over a stage covered
with shingle, if the surroundings be kept moist.

Plants of Dendrobium Falconeri which did not
finish growing at the end of the summer, were placed
in the coolest part of the East India-house until their
growth was finished. At this period of the year two
or three months in a cool house will suit them, but
at the same time suspending them where they can
get every ray of sunlight possible. Very little water
at the roots will be needed, although moisture must
not be withheld altogether, and a light syringing over-
head occasionally, especially on sunny days, will keep
the stems plump. C. M'uofford, Downside, Leatherhcad.

The Orchard House.

"WiNTEB Treatment of the Inmates. — I have
long ago come to the conclusion that, to obtain first-
rate Pears, in some districts the trees should be
planted in pots, and be grown in the orchard-house.
That first-rate Peaches and Nectarines can be grown
in pots has been proved over and over again, but we
can grow as good, or better, from trees planted out ;
whereas Pear trees planted out, so far as I have any
knowledge of them, do not succeed in some places.
When at Loxford Hall I had a score or more of
good-sized trees in pots of the best Pears in some-
thinglike a dozen varieties. These were : — Williams'
Bon Chretien, Beurre Hardy, Louise Bonne of Jerse3%
Fondante d'Automne, Beurr6 Superfin, Doyenn^ du
Cornice, Beurr^ d'Aremberg, Beurr^ Diel, Beurr(5
d'Amanlis, Josephine de llalines, and Beurre Ranee.
I have never been able to obtain such good fruit of
the above varieties from any other method of culture
as those borne^y these trees. The]trees*themselves are
much more hardy than the Peach and Nectarine trees
are, and we never scrupled to allow them to remain
out-of-doors much longer than the Peach trees ; in
fact, until the fiower-buds were far advanced. Such
plump and juicy fruits of Josephine de Malines I
never saw elsewhere as we grew annually in the
orchard-house. The great advantage of protecting the
tree when in blossom is that it insures a good crop of
fruit, whereas even wall trees are not certain to
produce a crop.

The trees in pots ought now to be out-of-doors, but
plunged up to, or over the rims in cocoa-nut fibre
refuse. I have come to the conclusion that this mate-
rial is excellent to plunge in during very severe winter
weather, but not so good for summer use. In winter
the roots are kept at a higher temperature, but in
suramerthey are very much lower than the surround-
ing atmosphere. If the trees have" not been top-
dressed, they should be seen to without any delay ;
this operation consists in removing about 2 inches of
the top soil, or more if the pots be large, and replac-
ing it with a mixture of half loam and half-decayed
manure; this should be pressed in quite firmly with a
wooden rammer, and when the work is completed it
answers best to plunge the pots over the rims. It will
be found upon examination in the early spring months,
that the roots have not been quiescent, but have run
well into the fresh dressing, and the trees are there-
fore in excellent condition to be taken into the
orchard house for the purpose of expanding their
blossoms. It is now almost too late to re-pot any
trees that may require it. unless they are to be
shifted into larger pots, and the roots are not to be
disturbed very much, when it would not matter.
Sometimes, it is necessary to reduce the ball of roots
sufficiently to get the tree into the same sized pot in
which it Iiad been previously growing. An inch or
more of the outer portion should be cut clean off
with a chopper, and as much from the base, anil
if this is done in October, when the trees are in leaf,
they speedily recover.

The same treatment applies to Peaches. Nectar-
ines, and Plums. I need not urge the importance
of seeing that the trees are quite free from scale. It
must be displaced from the bark, and the parts
washed with strong soapy water. The house should
also be thoroughly well washed, the winter season
being the time when this sort of work can be most
conveniently attended to. Strawberries, with which
any available space near the glass should be utilised,
ought not to be quite dried up at the roots. Give
just enough water to prevent them being dried up,
and when water is applied let it be done thoroughlv.
J. Doiujlas.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

PiiUNiNo Gkchard Tuees. — -Any standard trees
with overcrowded heads should now have their
branches thinned out, selecting those that cross and
interlace each other. More than this results in a
growth of large quantities of young wood. Do not
shorten back branches if it can be avoided. By
thinning out the head in this manner, light can be
admitted freely among the branches, and the thorough
ripening of wood will thereby be considerably aided,
as well as the perfect ripening of the fruit. Many
varieties form fruit-spurs very thickly, and on such
trees the spurs should be thinned out occasionally,
the fruit gaining in size and colouring by so doing.
Neglected trees, if aged, will require to have the thin-
ning out and pruning more gradually done, cutting out
but a few branches annually till the desired appear-
ance of the crown is obtained. Young trees should
also receive due attention in thinning their branches,
for if taken in hand from the first the necessity for
severe pruning afterwards is in a great measure
obviated.

Top-dressing and Renovating Fruit Trees. — Any
trees that are making small growth, the result of
carrying heavy crops of fruit, should receive timely
attention, affording a surface dressing of fresh loam
and well decayed manure, with some wood ashes added
thereto, removing a little of the soil from the surface,
about as far as the spread of the head, replacing it
with the fresh material. This should not be dug in
or the feeding-roots may get destroyed in part. The
trees soon take possession of the fresh materials in
the spring, throwing out fibrous roots in all direc-
tions. E. Ward, Hewell, Bromsgrove.

Fruits Under Glass.

Cutting and Bottling Grapes. — Late Grapes
should be cut next week with a good length of wood
attached for inserting in bottles. The bottles should
be re-filled with water once or twice during the next
four or five months, so that the end of the shoot
attached to the bunch of Grapes shall be beneath the
water.

Pruning the Vines. — In the carrying out of this
operation I never observe any hard-and-fast line, but

simply prune back to a good plump bud, irrespectiv;?
of its being the first or fourth one from the main
stem. If the latter bud is selected the two imme-
diately preceding it are cut clean away, leaving the
bud close to the rod to make bearing wood for another
year, the long spurs being cut hard back at pruning
time next year, as should be done where any such
are found on the Vines this year. If the wounds are
likely to bleed dress them with Thomson's styptic.
After thoroughly cleansing the house inside and out
proceed to remove with the hand the loose bark on
the Vines, and then wash them with a solution con-
sisting of 4 oz, of soft-soap dissolved in a gallon of
warm water, and two handfuls of sulphur, well
mixed, rubbing it well into the crevices round tho
spurs, &c., with a stilfish brush, care being taken not
to injure the buds in doingso.

The Borders. — These should next have attention.
The loose surface soil to the depth of a few inches
— indeed, down to the roots — should be removed,
and replaced with a compost consisting of fibry loam,
old mortar rubble, wood-ashes, and horse-droppings,
at the rate of \\\'C cartloads of loam, one load of
mortar rubble, and the same quantity of wood-aslies
and horse-drop)>ings, three or four barrowfuls of
fresh soot, and 3 or 4 cwt. of Thomson's Vine and
plant manure, well mi.xed ; following this with a
surface -dressing of horse-droppings, and a good
soaking of tepid water. A liberal circulation of air
must be maintained until the time for starting the
Vines in the respective houses arrives.

Early Vines. — Pot Vines and others started early
should have all superfluous shoots rubbed off as soon
as it can be seen which are the best to be left on each
Vine, and all the bunches excepting one showing on
the individual laterals should be removed as they
appear, leaving, as a matter of course, the best, and
these, after the berries are set, should be reduced, in
number to seven or nine, according to the length and
strength of each permanent Vine, and in the case of
pot Vines five bunches will be a heavy crop enough.
As soon as the buds show signs of bursting, the night
temperature should be raised to bb°, and 5° higher as
soon as the bunches appear, and 5*^ more when they
come into flower and until the berries are set, with a
corresponding increase in the day temperature. The
atmosphere in the house up to the time the Grapes
are coming into flower, should be moist rather than
otherwise, and the reverse of this when the bunches
are in flower, so as to secure a good set ; and with
this object in view a camel's-hair brush, or some
other equally light substance, should be passed over
the bunches about mid-day, until the berries are set,
when they should be thinned and a growing tempera-
ture be maintained. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle.

The Kitchen Garden.

Seakale.— The supply of this vegetable can be
provided for outside, in the manner of Rhubarb, but
unless for late supplies I prefer growing the required
number of roots annually for lifting and forcing
inside.

Asparagus. — Clumps of these which were lifted and
started as advised in a former Calendar, will be
showing heads freely, and tepid water should be
given copiously, admitting air in favourable weather,
in order to give the " grass " the natural flavour and
appearance. For a succession, more clumps should
be started, the quantity being regulated by the
requirements.

General Work — Outdoors. — Advantage should be
taken of mild weather to anticipate future operations.
During frosts manure should be wheeled to all plots
that require it, in readiness for digging, but the
latter operation should not be performed if the soil
is in a wet or frozen state. In manuring the vacant
plots it should be borne in mind that it is much the
better plan to do the work thoroughly, digging or
trenching in plenty of manure, as the case may be, and
the cropping to be so arranged that gross feeding
kinds of vegetable should receive the full benefit of
what is suitable for them and vice versa.

Indoors. — Roots should be examined, turned over,
and what is decayed removed. Onions for late use
should be tied up in bunches or roped, and suspended
in a cool airy shed. Seed Potatos for early planting
can also be sorted and placed on end in shallow
boxes or on shelves. On the approach of severe
frosts, ample supplies of all kinds of vegetables in
use should be placed in reserve, such as Leeks, Celery,
Cauliflowers, Broccoli, and the like ; these, if gathered
in a dry state, and stored in a cool cellar, will keep
fresh for several weeks. John Austen, Witley Court,

■84

THE GABDENEBS' CEBONIGLE.

[December 24, 1887.

Aiii'ertiseis ure speciulli/ requested to note, that,
wide)' no circumstmicea irhatevev, can any
particular position in the paper be yuaran-
teed for adrertisements occupyitiff less space
than an entire column.

SUBSCRIBERS TO

frHE GAitiJi:yEi!S' chronicle

•^ who experience umj difficulty in obtaininy
their Copies reyularly, are particularly requested
to communicate 7cith the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint ).

W. mCUARDS, -n, U'elUnyton Street,
Strand, W.C.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
NOTICE to Corvespondrnts. Adrrrlis,-rs, .S,,/,-
scriljers and ot/icrs. The Herjislcrcd Address
for Foreign and Inland 2'elegranu is

"GARDCimoN, London:'

NOTICE to SUBSCIilBEItS and OTHERS.

Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, BRUHr LANE.

'THE GARDENERS' CHR O NI CL E

J- IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, ia 84.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— C. H. MAEOT. 8U, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A.. to whom American Orders may be sent.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

(VEDNESB.iy, DKC.

i Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs,
28- Border Plants, &c., at Steveus'
( Rooms.

(Imported Orchids from Mr. F.
Sander, Lilies from Japan, Arau-
carias, &c., at Stevens' Rooms.
"■■■jLilium anratura, Dutch Uulbs,
I Roses, and otlier Plants, at Pro-
^. theroe & Morris' Rooms.

SATl'RDAY, Dfc. .31-

TiiE rapid growth and the value as
Gum Trees. timher and fuel of many of the

Australian Gum trees(Eucal_vptus),
have induced planters in this country to attempt
their cultivation, but the experiments have
proved beyond question that none of the species
is sufficiently hardy to bear the winters of the
eastern and central parts of this kingdom. In
some localities they escape injurious effects
during a cycle of comparatively mild winters,
giving rise to hopes that they are permanently
established, but a colder winter, or a cold, wet
autumn, followed by an ordinary winter, kills or
irremediably injures the young trees. Of the
many species tried at Kew, for instance, only
one, Eucalyptus Gunnii (fig. Io0,p. 781), has lived
through many years without some Itind of pro-
tection, and the young shoots of this have
often been destroyed. A tree of Eucalyptus
Gunnii, which for many years bore the incorrect
name of Eucalyptus polyanthema, st.jod, some
thirty years ago, near the old Mesembryan-
themum-house, near or on the site of the
present Orchid-house, and many will remember
it as the first Australian tree they had seen
growing in the open air in England. It was
then perhaps about 20 feet high, and, so far
as we remember, it was not materially injured
by the intense frost of the winter of 1860-
Gl, when large specimens of Cupressus
macrocarpa and I'inus insignis were killed
outright. That season the thermometer fell,
on two or three occasions, below zero at Kew,
where, if we remember rightly, it has never
since been so low.

Some years later, when the new range of

houses was built, the alterations necessitated the
removal of this tree, and it was transferred to the
western slope of the mound on which the Temple
of .liloliis stands, near to No. 2 Museum, and the
result was that it died to the ground, or nearly
so, but, what was surprising, it threw up new
stems, and is still ilourishing. It is a native
of Tasmania, where it is called " Cider tree,"
growing abundantly in marshy places at ele-
vations of 3000 to 4000 feet," and forming a
tree 20 to 30 feet high. The sane species
inhabits South-eastern Australia, ascending in
the alpine regions, according to 'N'on Muellkk,
the historian of the genus, up to 5500 feet, where
it is quite dwarf. But, according to the same
authority, it is also found in the lowlands, from
Guichen Bay and Lake Bonney, eastwards to
Gippsland, and under the most favourabe con-
ditions it attains a height of 250 feet. AVhether
this lowland form be hardy in the neighbour-
hood of London is questionable ; at all events,
it would be safer to procure the Tasmanian or
alpine form. There is a coloured plate of it in
Hooker's Flora Tasmania.

In the hills of Arran this species thrives well,
and even on the eastern side of Scotland it with-
stands, in certain localities, all except the severest
winters. In an interesting account of Australian
and New Zealand trees in Arran (Gardeners'
Chronicle, November 27, 1886, p. 680), the Rev.
1'. LANDSBonouGH states that there is, or rather
was last year, a tree of Eucalyptus Gunnii at
A\'hittinghanie, East Lothian, which was planted
in 1845, and which though cut down to the ground
by the frost in 1860, is now more than 60 feet high,
and matures seed, from which a stock of young
plants has been raised. The foregoing evidence
amply proves the hardiness of this species.

Another species which is apparently hardy
in the south-western and western counties, is Eu-
calyptus coccifera (figs. 151 and 152), a native of
Tasmania exclusively, growing on the tops of all
the mountains, where it forms a bush or small tree
5 to 15 feet high. In England, at Powderham
Castle, Devonshire, for instance, it has attained a
height of 60 feet, with a girth of stem of 7 feet,
and it flowers freely. In 1870 this tree withstood
23^ without injury (see Gardeners' Chronicle, n. s.,
xii., p. 113, with a figure of the tree, and xiii.,
p. 325, with a figure of the flowers and fruit
here reproduced). One noteworthy circumstance
is that it has apparently changed its flowering
season, for it produced its flowers in December
and .Tanuary at Powderham Castle in 1880,
whereas in 1883 we find it notified (Gardeners'
Chronicle, n. s., xix., p. 730) that it was in full
flower in the middle of June. Fuller particulars
will be found in the places cited, and there is a
coloured plate in the Botanical Magazine, 4637,
prepared in 1852 from a tree growing in the
nursery of Messrs. Veitcu at Exeter. This
species also flourishes in perfection in the Lsle
of Arran and other parts of Great Britain and
Ireland. The flowers of Eucalyptus coccifera
have been described as purple, but they are
represented as yellow with a purplish tinge
towards the base.

Eucalyptus alpina is a bushy species, known in
a wild state only on the . summit of Mount
William in the Australian Grampians ; and
seedlings of it raised in the Melbourne Botanic
Garden attained a height of no more than 10 feet
in a quarter of a centurj'. In Western Scotland
it seems to have found a more congenial climate,
having grown as much as 2 feet in one season.

One of the varieties of Eucalyptus amygda-
lina, supposed to be the giant variety, trees of
which have been measured exceeding 450 feet in
lieight, has proved hardy in Arran since 1871,

and last year it flowered for the first time, in the
month of August.

Eucalyptus resinifera, a native of New South
Wales and Queensland, is recorded among the
plants miinjured at Ventnor during the winter of
1879-60 ; * but its preservation was probably due
to accidental shelter rather than hardiness,
because its home is a warm country.

Eucalyptus coriacea, a tree ha-i-ing a wide range
in Tasmania, A'ictoria, and New South Wales, was
reported as uninjured at Colwyn in North AVales
during the winter of 1879-80, though it had
suffered somewhat the previous winter.

The singularly striking Blue Gum, Eucalyptus
globulus, of which we give a photographic illus-
tration in the present issue, which is now
familiar, in a small state at least, to most
gardeners, but is certainly much less hardy than
E. Gunnii and E. coccifera. It was, however,
uninjured in 1879-80 at Penzance, and at
Garron Tower, Larne, Antrim, where it had
attained a height of 50 feet. The winter of 1880-81
killed all the Blue Gum trees in Arran, except
one at Lamlash, which last year was 40 feet high,
though it had been polled to the extent of 8 feet.
But although it may survive many years in the
most favourable localities, and attain large dimen-
sions, it is perhaps not absolutely hardy in any
part of the United Kingdom, that is to say, in the
sense that it would be prudent to attempt plant-
ing it extensively with the idea of deriving
profit therefrom. The extremely rapid growth
and long growing period render this species
particularly susceptible to frost, as the shoots are
rarelysufficiently matured. Baron A'on Mueller's
interesting history of this species in the Gar-
deners' Chronicle, .July 31, 1880, is so complete, that
there is nothing we can add to it. But we may
repeat a statement concerning the truly mar-
vellous rate of growth of the Blue Gum in
Guatemala, Central America, where in twelve
years it has been known to attain a height of
120 feet, and a circumference of 9 feet in the
trunk. Assuming this rate of growth to be
maintained for twenty-five years, the result
would be a height of 2.50 feet, and a foot less
than half that yearly rate of growth for another
twenty-five years, we should have 350 feet —
about the greatest height it is known to grow.
But, allowing a hundred years as the full period
of growth, it is very short in comparison with
the life of an English Oak or Beech.

Although this species offers no claim to be
regarded in this country as a timber tree, yet its
colour and rapid growth render it very desirable
as an ornamental shrub for summer bedding
or for the so called sub-tropical garden. Young
plants are easily raised and kept in a moderate
temperature in the winter season (a cool green-
house suftices), so that they are available for
the summer decoration of the garden, where
their singular habit and beautiful colour render
them very attractive. In the South of France
these trees flower early, and their blossoms may
occasionally be seen in the marliets at^Christmas
time or soon afterwards. The great value
attributable to this tree when planted in marshy
localities is due, not entirely to the rapid
growth of the tree but also to the drainage
operations necessarily connected with its planting.
Nevertheless, some of the benefit arising from
its planting on a large scale may not unfairly
be attributable to the balsamic odours it emits,
and which are now known to bo more or less an-
tagonistic to the development of bacterial or
miasmatic germs.

The magnificent blocks of Jarrah timber ex-

Supplement to "The Gardeners' Chronicle," December 24\" 1887.

Eucalyptus globulus, (blue gum.)

l^ECEMBER H, 1887.]

THE GARDENEES' CHRONICLE.

'85

hibited at tbi' Colonial Exhibition will lie
familiar to most who visited that interesting
display. Few or no timbers excel the Jarrah
in hardness and durability. It is the produce
of E. rostrata, a species native to AVestern
Australia. To Mr. I'osisxo, of Melbourne, great
credit is due for the production of oils, tannin,
and other useful materials, which these species,
or some of them, supply in abundance.

It is impossible to speak of these Eucalypts
without calling to mind the services of Baron
Von Muelleb, not only in making known, but
in distributing seeds and plants of these most
valuable trees. Their discrimination is by no
means easy, but it is to be hoped that tbe cul-
tural experiments of M. Naudin at Antibes will
be of great service, not only botanically, but also
economically, as showing which species are
available for growth in warm, temperate, and
subtropical districts in Algeria, India, and else-
where. In purely tropical countries none of the
species seems to thrive, but on some of the Indian
hills, and in many of our Colonies, these trees
are destined to be of great value.

Royal Horticultural Society.— We under-
stand that about £1000 has already been promised
towards the fund to be raised for enabling the Society
to establish itself in a new home, and that many
new annual subscriptions have been taken up. At
the November meeting of the Gardeners' and
Florists' Club, Boston, U.S.A., the members were
furnished with an account of the work of the
Koyal Horticultural Society of London by Mr.
Jas. Faeodhak. lie described tbe gardens and
houses at Chiswick and South Kensington, and
gave an idea of tbe valuable work that is being
done for horticulture by this institution, in test-
ing new plants, investigating new processes, train-
ing skilled gardeners, and its general influence for
good, being always ready to see and acknowledge
true merit, and as ready to condemn that which
ia inferior or unreliable. His account of tbe
management of tbe exliibitions of the Society,
and of the work which is carried on in its trial
gardens, was particularly instructive. He said that
on one occasion of a Potato trial, over TOO varieties
were planted, and their growth carefully watched,
tlie final result showing that out of the 700 there
were but 270 distinct kinds, all the others being pro-
nounced synonyms. Similar results were arrived at
in trials of Pelargoniums and other plants. "Every
one interested in remedying the confusion of names
of plants in this country," says an American papei-,
" will doubtless agree with Mr. Faeqchab, that
a similar institution is one of our greatest
needs here. One statement which he made was
somewhat surprising, viz , thiit a very small pro-
portion of the new varieties of plants produced in
England are the result of the work of professional
florists, but that the most enthusiastic and successful
producers of novelties are men in other pursuits,
snch as lawyers, ministers, &c. The work of intro-
ducing new varieties, however, falls, as a rule, to the
professional florist, and in many instances the name
of the introducer is identified with the variety, while
that of the producer is never heard of."

" The Kew Bulletin.'' — The last issued
number, which is also the last of the first volume,
contains articles on Cubebs (Piper cubeba). which is
grown like ordinary black Pepper, and fetches so
high a price that its cultivation in our tropical
colonies, where conditions are favourable, is to be
desired. A figure and description of the tree pro-
ducing the excellent Sabicu timber are given. Lysi-
loma Sabicu, it appears, occurs not only in Cuba,
but in the Bahamas, in which latter island it is
called Horse-flesh Mahogany. Sabicu first attracted
general attention at the Exhibition of 1851, where
' it was used for the staircases, and in spite of tbe vast
traffic the steps were none the worse for wear at the

end. Mexican fibre, or istlc, is a harsh fibre imported
into London for the purpose of making cheap scrub-
bing-brushes. It is in all probability the product of
Agave heteracantha. Broom root, used for whisks,
are referred to Epicampes macroura, a Jlexican
grass. Jamaica Contrav erva is supplied by Aristo-
lochia odoratissima.

Our Imports.— In the year 1886, according to
the official Agricultural Returns published by Go-
vernment, tliree millions two hundred and sixty-one
thousand four hundred and si.xty bushels of Apples
were imported into this country, of tbe value of
eight hundred and fifty-seven thousand and ninety-
five pounds. "We write the quantities in words
instead of figures, to make the facts more impressive.
How many of those thousands of bushels might we
not just as well have been grown here ! In the same
year 2,707,889 cwt. of Potatos were imported, of the
value of £709,20.3.

Royal Horticultural Society of Aber-
deen.—The acting directors of this Society met on
Wednesday, the 14th inst., in the Secretary's office,
Councillor Lyon presiding. Previous to commencing
the business of preparing a prize schedule for 1888,
the Chairman drew attention to the death of Sir
Francis W. Grant, Bart,, of Jlonymusk, a gentle-
man who had taken a deep interest in the affairs of
the Society. It was unanimously agreed that an
expression of deep regret he recorded in the minutes
of the Society, and that an excerpt from the minute,
along with a message of sympathy, be sent to Lady
GnANT in her bereavement.

Our Almanac. — For reasons stated at length
in a previous issue we have been obliged to modify
our arrangements as to the publication of tbe
Almanac. We intend, however, to publish with the
first number of the New Year (January 7) an
Almanac which shall not contravene the Post Office
regulations, and which will, we trust, be more ser-
viceable than its predecesssrs. Secretaries of
societies will greatly oblige by sending us notice of
the dates of meetings, &c., as early as possible.

Hardy Ferns at Kew.— The late Mr. W. C.

Cakbonell, of L'sk, Monmouthshire, had been occu-
pied for many years before his death in forming a
collection of British Ferns, which ultimately was
regarded as the second best in the country. He had
expressed the wish that this collection should he
presented to the Royal Gardens, Kew, and become
the property of the nation. To this desire his son,
Mr. John Cakdonell, of Strawberry Vale House,
East Finchley, has now given effect. The entire col-
lection has been removed from Usk to Kew in six rail-
way trucks under tlie superintendence of Mr.DEwAn,
foreman of tbe Herbaceous Department. It con-
sisted of about 4000 specimens, representing upwards
of 1000 named and catalogued forms. The indi-
vidual plants are of striking beauty from a horti-
cultural point of view, and the whole collection is
of great interest, as showing the enormous range of
variation in a few specific types. It is proposed to
place part of the collection in tbe Temjierate-house,
while the recently constructed hardy fernery will be
considerably extended to accommodate the remainder.
Mr. W. C. Cabbonell also possessed a good her-
barium of named varieties of British Ferns. This
has also been presented to Kew, and will be incor-
porated with the Fern herbarium, acquired from the
late Thomas Mooee, of the Botanic Garden, Chelsea.

The Nomenclature of Conifers.— Under

the title of Handbuch tier Cotiifercn Bcneimung Herr
Beissneb, now Inspector of the Botanic Garden,
Bonn, has published a complete list of all tbe species
and varieties of Conifers that are hardy or half-hardy
in Germany, together with tbe synonyms and indica-
tions of the native country of each species. The
work was prepared for tbe Dresden Horticultural
Congress last year, when the subject was discussed
with a view to obtaining greater uniformity of prac-
tice among gardeners as to the nomenclature of these
plants. Mr. Beissneb's list met with the approval

of the Congress, and is now published separately by
LuDwiQ JIuLi.EB, of Erfurt, or it may be liad from
Williams & Norgate, or any other foreign book-
seller. Tlie arrangement followed is founded on
that published in tbe Gcnci-a Plantarum of Bentham
and Hooker, with a few modifications necessitated
bv more recently obtained information. It is pot
necessary to criticise such a work in detail in this
place ; suffice it to say that the author retains
Thuiopsis, Biota and Cham.Tcyparis as distinct
genera, instead of placing them all under Thuia as
BENTH.V.M did. He also retains Wellingtonia, which
seems less desirable. The Spruces are called Picea,
the Silver Firs, Abies, as is now done almost uni-
versally, the principal exceptions being English
nurserymen. The genus Keteleeria is properly
considered distinct, the discovery of the male
flowers by Professor Perotta having fully justified
the prevision of Carriere. The so-called species of
the so-called genus Retinospora are distributed
among the genera of which they are juvenile forms,
Thuia, Juniperus, or referred to Chama;cyparis.
Within the limits prescribed by tbe author the list,
accompanied as it is by a full index, will be very
useful to gardeners and others.

Christmas Books.— If you want a good laugh,

which will do you good morally as well as physically,
get Shirlev Hiuuerd's Tin GoUen Gate and Silver
Steps, of which a second edition has just been pub-
lished by E. W. Allen, Ave Maria Lane.

Palm-leaf Wall Pockets.— These charming

combinations of preserved flowers and foliage are
rightly denominated by Messrs. Hooper & Co. (Lim.),
of Covent Garden, as " elegant novelties." It is well
known that tlie long and handsome pinnate leaves of
Phamix dactylifera are diied in such a successful
manner that they are now largely employed in
various ways for indoor decorative purposes. One of
these Palm leaves forms the background of a wall-
pocket. Tlie long lanceolate pinnic at the base of
the stalk are dexterously plaited so as to form a
kind of basket, and this is filled with grasses and
preserved flowers, with the remainder of the leaf
standing erect above it ; and in tliis way they are
well adapted for placing against walls in halls, rooms,
and other places, where they have an appropriate
decorative value. In some cases the Palm-leaf is
bent over and the top fastened to the side of the
basket in the form of a bow, looking like the
handle of the basket when it is filled. These novel-
ties are well adapted for homes of taste. They are
lighter in appearance than the makart or grass
bouquets, and there is a grace about them that can
scarcely fail to win popular favour.

Birmingham Chrysanthemum Society.—

The annual dinner of this Society recently took
place at Birmingliam, Mr. W. B. Lathaji, the
chairman of the committee, presiding. There was a
large attendance, and great satisfaction was expressed,
not only with the recent exhibition, but also at the
general prosperous condition of the Society. The
annual exhibition will take place as usual in Novem-
ber next, and the schedule of prizes is in course of
preparation.

Vine Congress at Macon. — M. G.^sto.n
Bazille, speaking before the the Congress of wine-
growers at Jla^on on October 21!) last, states that
the Vine-louse, Phylloxera, continues its progress
undeterred alike by laws and insecticides. The
only wine-growing district in France at present
un.affected is the champagne district, and as this is
also the most northern, it points to the fact that
climate has the power of checking the progress of
the insect, which no other means have. In some
cases, as the old vineyards are destroyed new ones
are formed elsewhere ; thus, near the south coast,
where the stratum of sand is sufficiently deep, the
Vine flourishes, and is not injured either by the
salt subsoil or by the insect. Submersion of the
roots, wherever it is practicable, gives excellent
results for a few years, but after a time the Amines

786

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[December 24, 1887.

become enfeebled, and have to be removed. As to
insecticides, sulphide of carbon and the sulpho-
carbonates continue to give good results on
light deep uniform soils, but fail in stiff clay
soils or in very strong pebbly land, where tlie
diffusion of the sulphurous vapours is impeded.
Wherever insecticides can be adopted profit-
ably, their use is counselled, but in some
cases the remedy is more costly than the crop
is productive. There remains the practice of grafting
on the American resistant stocks, and which, in the
opinion of M. B.^zille, is the best method of
evading the enemy in five-sixths of the Frencli vine-
yards, provided they are well cultivated. M. Bazillk,
in concluding his address to the Burgundy wine-
growers, expresses in eloquent terms his firm con-
viction that the bad times are past, and that witli
hard work, perseverance, and the use of the American
stocks, French vineyards will be reconstituted.
" Believe me," said he, " this wine of France, which
sparkles in the glass, sustains health, and makes the
heart glad, will soon flow in streams, and you wine-
growers, who now listen to me, will speedily
forget the anxiety and distress of past years."

The Chinese Quince. — From Mr. Vam

VoLXEM, of Brussels, we lately received fruits of thii
species, remarkable for their delicate perfume. As,
however, the flesh is hard and leathery, we cannot
recommend it for culinary purposes. The Chinese
Quince, Cydonia sinensis, was originally described
by Thouin, in the Annalcs <lu Museum, p. 144, t. 89,
and was introduced about 1802. It was figured in
the Botanical Register, t. d05 (182.5), from a speci-
men in the nursery of WnrrLEV & Co. (afterwards
OsnanNs). The flowers are large and pinkish in
colour, and the fruits are not often produced out-of-
doors, though TuoDiN figures one from the I'aris
garden. The tree, moreover, is apt to be injured by
spring frost. Bentham and Hooker refer the genus
Cydonia to Pyrus, but for garden purposes it is in-
convenient to call Pears and Quince by the same
name, hence for gardens the epithet Cydonia sinensis
seems preferable, the more so as there is also a true
Pear which bears the name Pyrus sinensis. To meet
this difficulty, Mr. Hemsley, in his Indc.v Flora
Sinensis, calls our present plant Pyrus (Cydonia)
Cathayensis. Dr. Shearer, who gathered the
specimen at Kiu Kiang, says, in a note in the Kew
Herbarium, that " it is called by the Chinese Wooden
Cucumber, from its solidity and shape. . . . The
large and fragrant fruit is said to be used for scenting
Tea and flavouring wine. The bark is olive-green
with bald patches, and the trunk thick and con-
torted. Growing in tubs it is indeed a very hand-
some shrub."

What Not to Do.— Tlie A.nerican Florist for
December has an illustration of a huge artificial
mound in one of the Amrican parks. The mound
ii conical, and as high, according to the illustration,
as a good sized tree adjacent to it. It is planted
with " carpet bedding " plants, and surmounted by a
plant of Chamierops filamentosa. One great feature
of the design, it appears, is a camelopard with its
head uplifted to browse upon the Palm. The
creature is composed of Echeverias on a field of
Sedum acre. Battersea Park, please don't copy.

Christmas in Canada.— We learn from the

Liverpool Journal of Comiiurcc, December 21, that
the Dominion of Canada, more especially the new
])rovince of Manitoba, is largely peopled by natives
of the British Isles, who are strongly attached
to the traditions of the mother country, its institu-
tions, and its observances. In the last steamer which
left the Mersey for Halifax upwards of 100 tons of
space was occupied by crates of Holly and Mistleto,
principally on through bills of lading to Winnipeg,
Manitoba.

DENDROBIUM LODDIGESII. — It is interest-
ing to be able to fix the locality of tliis, the D.
]>ulchellum of gardens, but not the old species of
KoxBuuaH. By the courtesy of the authorities at

Kew we are enabled to publish the following note
from Mr. C. Fokd upon the subject. In a letter to
tlie Director he says ;—" I am glad to see that Mr.
KoLFE has cleared up tiie subject of Dendrobium
Loddigesii, Kolfe. There is no doubt of its being
wild in Hainan, where Henry collected it ; and now I
am able to state that it is wild in China proper also.
Last month, while on a tour in tlie Kwangtung pro-
vince, I found it growing on rocks about 150 miles
north-west of Canton." There seems now but little
doubt that this plant, so long confused in gardens
with a very diflferent Silhet plant, must have origin-
ally reached this country frcmi China.

Pyrus (MALUS) SPECTABILIS.— The leaves of
this tree (so remark.able for the beauty of its flowers)
are, it appears, used as Tea by the Ciiinese. In tlie
Kew Herbarium is a note by Dr. Henry, attached to
a specimen from Ichang, Central China, to tlie fol-
lowing effect : — " In the Patung district there are
two Tea plants — one ' wliite Tea,' used for making
the tea drunk by natives, and the other ' red Tea,'
used for making the black Tea exported to foreign
countries. This specimen is^the ' red Tea,' and the
shrub is larger than the white Tea ; the flower is
redder — that of white Tea being nearly white, perhaps
a pale pink — and hangs down more." Dr. Sueaher
says of the same tree gathered at Kiu, Kiang (East
Central China), that it produces in September and
October small red and yellow Apples, which are
eaten or strung in necklaces by the natives and sold
in the market.

" Die Naturuichen Pflanzenfamilien."—

This comprehensive publication on the history of the
natural orders of plants, edited by Professors Engler
and Prantl, is being issued with commendable speed.
The lately issued parts contain an account of the
Grasses, by Prof Hackel ; a review of the general
conformation of flowering plants, by Prof. Enqler ;
a review of Pandauaceie, by Count Solsis ; of Peppers
and allied families, by Prof Engler ; of Willows, by
Dr. Pax ; and of Beeches, by Prof Prantl, &c. The
numerous and excellent illustrative woodcuts render
tlie book valuable even to tliose who do not read
German. It may be had from Williams & Nohuate.

Facts. — The learned Professor Kopp has shown
that the reason why the Greeks made so little pro-
gress in the science of Nature, in chemistry, physics,
zoology, and botany. Lay in the habits of the people.
It is impossible to make any progress in the science
of Nature without making yourself acquainted with
the facts of Nature ; and these facts are to be ob-
tained in the practice of the various arts. It is the
blacksmith who learns something about tlie nature of
iron, some of its physical and chemical properties.
And so of the other arts. You may speculate as to
what properties matter ought to have ; your specula-
tion will not affect the facts. These must be learned
by the artisan, or in the artisan's way. The educated
Greeks were not artisans. The vulgar work of
making shoes or clothes, of digging mines or build-
ing houses — all that was the occupation of the
uneducated. Professor Crum Brown.

Destruction of a Queen'S Palace.— The

Ucrue lie I' Horticulture Beige mentions under this
heading tlie complete destruction of the stove de-
voted to the growth of the Victoria regia in M. Van
Houtte's nursery at Ghent. The building was
crushed by the fall of a Poplar during the storm of
October 30. Many of our readers will remember the
dome-shaped structure of iron and glass which served
as the Victoria-house at Ghent. It was erected by
the late Louis van, Hootte in 1851, and there, in
1852, the roy.al Water Lily first expanded in Belgium
its noble flowers. We are glad to learn that the
building is to be re-erected.

Hardihood of Selaginella c/Csia.— Though

this species is classed among the stove Lycopods it
is yet a fact that a plant of it has stood out-of-doors
and kept alive, since the summer of 1886. Mr.
FoDNTAiN, the gardener at The Elms, Hanger Hill,
Ealing, who is a gi-ower of Lycopods, broke one of

the pans in which a plant of S. caisia had been
growing, and he placed the plant on a heap of leaf-
mould, in the open air, and g.ithered up some of the
soil about the roots. Here it made root and endured
all the rigours of the winter of 188G-7, and grew
quite luxuriantly during the past summer, and is
living still. The heap of leaf-soil is under a north
wall, where little sunshine falls.

Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society.

— A tentative arrangement has been entered into
by the Council of the above Society with the pub-
lisher of the Farming World to partly meet the de-
sire of the members for a Forestry Journal. One page
of the Farming World is to be devoted weekly to
forestry subjects for twelve months, commencing the
first week of January next, the members of the
Society undertaking to supply the matter.

Ghent Chambre Syndicale.— At a meeting
held on the 12th inst., the following awards were
made : —

First-class Certificates. — To M. L. Desmet-Du-
vivier, for Cattleya velutina and C. superba ; to M.
James Bray, for Cypripedium Amesianum ; to
Messrs. Vervaet & Co., for Oncidium species; to
M. Grenier, for Cypripedium Lawrenceanum ; to M.
J. Hye, for Cypripedium Crossianum superbum, C.
insigne var., and for C. praistans.

Floral Ceitifieates. — To M. L. Spae-Vander
Meulin, for Cypripedium Spicerianum var. ; to M.
J. Hye, for Cypripedium Spicerianum var., C. Sal-
lieri, and for Masdevallia tovarensis ; to the Count
P. de Hemptinne, for Oncidium oniithorynchum.

Bananas.— M. Sagot, in the Bulletin of the
Societo Botanique de France, divides the Bananas
(Musa) into three sections : —

1. The Giant Bananas, of which M. Ensete is the
type. In this group no suckers are formed. Spike
short, decurved ; fruit leathery, seeds few. Here
belong —

M. Ensete.

Livingstoni. Central Tropical Africa,
superba. Mountains of Southern India.
nepalensis, variety of superba.
glauca, Koxburgh, not of gardens. Birma.

2. Fleshy-fruited Bananas. Stem producing
suckers ; spike long, decurved ; fruit fleshy.

M. sapientum, Linnseus.

Of this there are two varieties —
(a) with long fruit, not edible unless cooked ;
bracts and sterile flowers withering, persis-
tent = M. paradisiaca, L. (Plantain).
(j8) With smaller fruits and softer flesh, edible
uncooked ; bracts and sterile flowers wither-
ing, but deciduous.
In the Bananas wild forms are seed-bearing.
To this group also belong: —

M. aphurica, Kumphius.
Fehi, Bertero.
sinensis, Sweet,
discolor, Hort.
simiarum, Kumphius.
acuminata, Zollinger.
Small fruited forms with small leaves.

M. mindanensis, Kumphius^textilis.
amboinensis, Kumphius.
Banksii, Miieller.
uranoscopus, Kumphius.

3. Ornamental Bananas. Spike erect, bracts persis-
tent, brightly coloured, each with only two flowers ia
its axil, suckers numerous, fruit leathery : —

M. ornata, Koxburgh. India,
speciosa, Tenore.
sanguinea. Hooker. India,
coccinea. Southern China.

" Eggs is Eggs." — According to some figures
quoted by Mr. Simmonds before the Society of Arts
in the year I8S6 there were imported from France
and other countries into England 1,035,171,000
eggs, of the value of £2,884,000. Each member of
the population consumes on the average more than
twenty-eight eggs of foreign origin during the year
— facts which make one wonder why England and

Decbmbek 24, 1887.]

THE GAUDENEIiS' CHRONICLE.

787

Irelaiul do not contrive to supply their own
countrymen more fi-eely than they do, and put some
of those three millions of money in their own
pockets instead of sending them abroad. Ducks'
eggs are more nutritious, and ducks themselves more
profitable than fowls.

Money Lenders. — We are sorry to have to
caution nui-serymen and others against the alluring
baits offered by a certain class of money-lenders,
dealings with whom almost certainly lead to misery
and ruin.

flowers are seen to be pushing from the preceding
year's pseudobulbs, the plants may again be removed
to a warmer temperature. By having a few plants,
and treating tliem successionally, they may be had
iu flower from November to March, and even April.
The species, owing probably to its wide distribution
(from Java and Ceylon up to Nepauland Assam), varies
considerably both in the length and thickness of its
pseudobulbs, and in the colour of its flowers ; tlie
latter are typically'of a creamy yellow colour iu the
sepals and petals, but some forms more nearly
approach wliite,

from the roof, and forms a very pretty object. Many
Maxillarias whicli would otherwise be effective plants
are spoilt by the shortness of the flower-stalks, the
flowers being almost hidden by the foliage, but in
M. punctata they .^re 3 or 4 inches in length, so that
the flowers are shown to advantage. The sepals and
petals, which are about three-quarters of an inch
long by a quarter of an inch wide, are of a rich yellow
colour on the inner side, and cream-yellow with
irregular dark purple spots on the outer side. The
flowers have a strong perfume exactly resembling
that of Cowslips. The pseudobulbs are tapering and

FlO. 151. — EUCALTPTUS COCCIFEB.l : HARDY IN DEVONSHIEE. (SEE P. 784-)

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

DENDROBIUJI AUREUM.
Although this species is not so brilliantly coloured
as many Dendrobes are, it may still be said to occupy
a place iu the front rank among warm-house Orchids.
The powerful Violet-like odour which the flowers
emit is hardly equalled by that of any other Orchid.
This character should be sufficient to secure the
plant a place in every collection. It is one of tlie
most easily grown of Dendrobiums, requiring the
s.irae treatment during its growing period as D.
nobile, but finishes its growth earlier, when it should
be removed to an intermediate-house. When the

A distinct variety with pseudobulbs several feet
in length — philippinense — is also in cultivation ; the
flowers are similar in colour, but do not possess the
fragrance of the true D. aureum. All the forms
liave the rich reddish-brown markings on the
labellura. TK 21.

JIaxillaria punctata.
Most of the Maxillarias are remarkable for the
great number of flowers which they produce from
the base of the pseudobulbs, and this species is no
exception to the rule. A plant now flowering at
Kew carries no less than eleven flowers clustered
about each pseudobulb of this year's growth. It
is growing on a piece of i'ern stem suspended

slightly furrowed; the leaves lineal-, 10 inches in
length, and dark green.

This plant is from Brazil, and requires cool, moist
treatment. It may be treated as a pot plant, but it
is preferable to grow it on a piece of soft Fern stem,
upon which it uot only succeeds better, but when in
bloom, by suspending it from the roof, its pretty
flowers are seen better than when the plant is gi'own
in a pot or pan. W. B.

MasDEVALLIA PL

This is a species with strange-looking, but not very
handsome, flowers. They are of a pale greenish-yellow
colour, and resemble those of the Coriacea section in
not opening very widely, and iu the absence of any

788

THE GAEDENEIiS' CHEONIGLE.

[Deckmber 24, 18S7.

marked attenuation of the sepals. The lip, so incon-
spicuous in many species of Masdevallia, is of consi-
derable size in this instance, being tongue-shajied.
and measuiing three quarters of an inch in length.
A plant ia now flowering at Kew. JT,

CyPBIPEDIUM Marshalliani'm (C. concolob X C.

tenustcm).
Among the whole of the two hundred species and
varieties of Cypripedium cultivated by F. G. Taut?.,
Esq., at Shepherd's Bush, none is more quaint, and few
more beautiful, than this unique jilant, which w,is
figured in our issue, April lU, 18.S7, p. .")13. Its flowers
may be likened in form to those of a C. concolor or
C. Godefroyic, but they are much larger than either
of those species, being nearly 4 inches across. The
flowers are creamy-white fluslied with delicate rose,
the sepals and petals being profusely spotted with
dark crimson dots in more or less regular lines. The
upper sepal faintly e.xhibits the green lines peculiar
to C. venustum, and the pouch has the flattened
appearance of C. concolor, but much enlarged by the
influence of its other parent. The leaves are richly
mottled, and just intermediate between the parental
varieties. It has greatly improved since last year ;
indeed, Jlr. Cowley has put his mark on the whole
collection in an admirable manner. Besides a good
show of other Orchids of the season in bloom are
Cypripedium Tautzianum X , C. Amesianum x , C.
nitens X , C. politum X , C. Meirax X , C. lo grandis X ,
C. concinnumx, C. planeriim x , C. Aurorum X , C.
Ashburtonia; X , ■ C. A. calospilumx, and other
species of Cypripedium, and a good plant of the
pure white La^lia anceps virginalis, and the curious
new Esmeralda Clarkei which one would take for
Yanda Cathcartii before it flowers.

Orchids at The Woodlands, Streatham.

One of the richest suburban collections, and one
cultivated in the best possible manner, is that of
R. H. Measures, Esq., who was wise enough as
soon as he had fully determined to grow Orchids
to plan and build ranges of houses specially
adapted for their culture. While making every
provision for the growth of the plants, the means
of securing the best effect from them at all seasons
when in flower was provided for by neat little
show-houses, rather loftier than the growing houses,
and with an ornamental vase or fountain in
their centre. In tliese comfortable quarters fine
displays are made all the year rouud, by arranging
the Orchids of the season in them, together with, in
some cases, foliage plants and Eerns ; but in the case
of rare and valuable plants they are not removed
from their own houses, lest they should suffer by the
change.

In one of these Orchid conservatories at The
Woodlands is a very pretty arrangement of Calanthe
Veitchii, C. vestita,and its varieties ; Lmlia autumna-
lis, Epidendrum xanthinum, Vanda coerulea, On-
cidium prajtextum, and its richest dark variety, O.
p. brunneum ; Lycaste Skinneri alba, L. leucantha,
and Ma.xillaria, all being mingled with Dracajnas,
Crotons, and Maidenhairs, with fine baskets of
Davallias and numerous good scarlet Sophronitis
hanging overhead.

Another show-house with a vase in the centre,
occupied by some good specimens of the old Cypri-
pedium insigne, contains many large plants of all
the varieties of that fine old favourite, some of the
rarest of them having a dozen or so of blooms ;
among them we noted C. i. violaceo-punctatum, the
flnest of all ; C. i. Maulei, C. i. Chantini, C. i. macn-
latum, C. i. albo-marginatum, and C. i. platycepha-
lum, which has by far the largest flowers.

Among the fine general collection of Cypripe-
dium we found in flower C. ^leasuresianum X, C.
Spicerianum in quantity, C. [porphyreum X with
twenty flowers — a grand thing when so grown ; C.
Schroderaj splendens X, C. selligerum superbum X,
C. concolor Regnieri, C. Ashburtonai X, C. callo-
sum, and a new species imported with it ; C. micro-
chilura X , C. marmorophyllum X , C. calophyllura X ,
C. Eitcbianum, C, barbatum Warneri, and C. b.

O'Brienii, the latter something like Warneri in flower,
but with a beautiful silvery-white leaf, rimmed
with green ; C. Harrisianum, C. Boxalli, C. tonsum,
C. Dauthieri, and many others about to flower.

In the warm houses are some grand specimens of
Saccolabium giganteum, S. Ilarrisonianum, and S.
illustre, with eleven spikes ; a few Phahenopsis,
Vanda Sanderiana and V. suavis, Gelogyne Gardner-
iana and C. speciosa, the latter having been in bloom
eight months, In another ornamental house is a
fine collection of Cymbidiums, and in bloom were C.
afline, C. Mastersii, and C. giganteum, and many
graceful plants of Oncidium varicosum, 0. Eorbesii,
La^lia autumnalis atrorubens, Pilumna nobilis, Odon-
toglossum Uro-Skinneri, and that noble plant witli
handsome flowers, Ansellia africana nilotica.

Tlie Odontoglossum-houses have a few very line
sprays of white and spotted 0. crispum, O. cristatel-
lum, 0. Wilckeanum, and 0. Kuckerianum with
forty-six flowers ; some O. Rossi niajus, Epidendrum
vitellinum majus ; with, in some of the houses, long
rows of scarlet Soi>hronites overhead.

The Masdevallia-house has in flower Masdevallia
Chelsoni, M. ignea, many fine M. Tovarensis, M.
polysticta, and M. abbreviata, which is very neat and
pretty when grown into good tufts as it is here. The
Cattleyas and La^lias are in grand order, the varie-
ties of L. anceps making the greater part of the
show with a few L. pumila pricstans, Cattleya Ack-
landia, &c., and the whole of the collection reflects
great credit on their grower, Mr. R. C. Eraser.

CrPEIPEDIUM INSIGNE AT OAKWORTH HoUSE,

Keighley.
In this extensive horticultural establishment,
which numbers over forty houses, there is now to be
witnessed one of the best collections of Cypripedium
insigne that can be seen anywhere. There are
thirty pans of this species, and each pan has itself
forty or fifty spikes of large, well-coloured blooms.
8. Heaton.

LjELIA anceps GHANDIFI.0EA.

This plant is one which was purchased I'lom an
importation by Mr. Cowan, of the Garstou Vineyard,
some sixteen months ago, and was boughtout of flower.
It has from 500 to 600 bulbs, and has been grown on
a Teak-wood raft, 3 feet 9 inches by 2 feet 4 inches.
I succeeded in flowering the plant last season, and it
has since been grown in an intermediate-house sus-
pended close to the glass. It has now sixty spikes
in full flower, someof the spikes having three and four
flowers each : as will be seen in the photograph here-
with sent, the number of flowers in all being 140. The
variety is admitted by all who have seen it and ai'c
competent to judge to be a fine form of this beauti-
ful autumn and winter flowering species. B. Crom-
wcll. [The variety in question is a portion of an im-
portation of the Liverpool Horticultural Company,
and named Lailia anceps Morada, the latter a Spanish
word, meaning dark, in allusion to the colour of the
lip. We hope to give an illustration shortly. Ed.]

Odontoglossdm Pescatobei var. Germinyandm.

A variety with sepals white flushed with rose,
petals white, both with scattered rosy- purple spots,
lip also white with occasional rosy-purple spots,
while the basilar part bears a band of rosy-purple
on either side. Orchid Album, t. 305.

Lycaste plana Measdresiana.

Sepals reddish-brown tipped with green, petals

and lip white regularly spotted with bright rose, the

margins of the petals destitute of spotting. It blooms

in autumn. Orchid Album, t. 300.

C.iTTLEYA SORORIA.

A Brazilian species, described in our columns by
Professor Reichenbach, 1887, i., p. 70. The sepals
and petals are pale magenta, anterior part of the
lip streaked with dull magenta-purple, whilst the
side lobes are of a pale delicate rose colour. The
pseudobulbs are thinner than in the plants of the
labiata section, and must not be allowed to shrivel

for want of water. It should be grown in rough
fibrous peat and living sphagnum, which will ensure
a supply of moisture ; small pieces of charcoal or
potsherds may be added to keep the soil porous. It
requires to be grown in the warm part of the inter-
mediate-house, and requires a great deal of liglit.
Orchid Album, t. 307.

DeXDROBIUM F0RM0SU5I GIOANTErM.

This variety was originally introduced from Ran-
goon by Messrs Low. The plant is not readily
amenable to cultivation ; hence growers are recom-
mended to buy a new stock annually. Mr. Williams
grows the plant on blocks in the East India-house,
near the glass, with little shading ; it does well also
suspended from the roof of a stove, associated with a
mixed collection of tropical plants. Abundance of
^vater should be given in the growing season. To-
bacco juice employed in the thanatophore should be
used to keep down white scale and thrips. Orchid
Album, t. 308.

Roses.

CHINESE ROSES.
In the last part of the Journal of the Linnean
Sncicfi/ Messrs. Forbes and Hemsley continue their
enumeration of Chinese plants. Among them are
the following Roses : — R. anemonaflora, originally
made known and introduced by Fortune ; E.
Banksix, the wild form of which, with white flowers,
was found by Dr. Henry hanging from rocks at
Ichang and in the Nanto district. It was also col-
lected in Yunnan by the Abb(; David. R. fragarii-
flora of Seringe, is referred to the same species. R.
Fortuniana is spoken of as a semi-double Rose, intro-»
duced from China by Fortune, and probably a hybrid
between R. indica and R. Banksiic. The Macartney
Rose is entered as R, bracteata, which occurs in
Formosa and in various parts of China. R. indica,
including R. semperflorens of Bot. Mat/., t. 284, is
found in Formosa, in Ichang, and elsewhere. Dr.
Henry describes the flowers as deep red or pink. It
is not a true nativt? of India. The " Cherokee Rose,"
long naturalised in the South-Eastern States of
North America, is really a Chinese plant known
as R. laevigata. Rosa microphylla, Bot. Mag., 6548,
occurs in various districts in China, as also in Japan.
R. moschata, the E. Brunonis of Lindley, is native
to China, but has a wide distribution, being found
also in Atfglianistan, Nepal, ami Abyssinia.

Notices of Books.

The Comparative Morphology and Biology
OF THE Fungi. By A. De Bary. Translated
by Henry E. F. Garnsey ; ^Revised by I. ^B.
Balfour. {Oxford : Clareudon Press.)
The recent literature on fungi and their allies is
vast and widely diffused. The existing treatises in
the English tongue are mostly superseded by the
advances in science, a fact showing that the import-
tance of the study of these lower organisms has
become strikingly apparent iri these later years, from
their, in some cases real, in others assumed con-
nection with infectious and contagious diseases in
plants and animals.

"Hence," says Professor De Bary, "no compre-
hensive account of tlie morphology of any portion of
the vegetable kingdom, and least of all of the fungi,
can be satisfactory without constant reference to the
phenomena known as biological, that is, to their
habits of life and adaptations." The neglect of this
precaution by medical men and students has led to
hasty generalisations as to the causation of disease,
which the real facts do not in every case warrant.
The doctrine of spontaneous generation, or of the
actual and direct change from a decaying organism
into a live one of different character, receives no
countenance from the careful obsiM-vations of Pro-
fessor De Barv. A criticism of !^u:h a book in this

Dkckmdek IM, 1887.]

THE GAI?DEXEJ?S' CHRONICLE.

789

place wouUl not only be out of place, it would be
impertinent ; it must suffice to indicate the nature of
its contents. The earlier chapters are devoted to
the consideration of the elementary structure of
fungi, and of their several parts, vegetative and
reproductive. The chaos of terminology, consc-

spore " to include all those formed by sexual agency,
and of which the yoke-s])ores (zygospores) are pro-
bably mere modifications. The different modes of
origin of organs which eventually fulfil the same
purpose, should not be adopted as a basis r.f nomen-
clature, nor should anv changes which occur during

attempt to combine in one word a name or symbol,
and a true explanation of its potential meanings, is
one which is rarely successful, unless it be in the
notation ofgroups of great importance and magnitude,
such as " vegetative " and " reproductive," e.g., '' bud-
spore " or " egg-spore." After the introductory

JTia, I'J-. — ECC.iLYPTUS COCCIFERA IN DtVOKSHIRK, (sEE P, 784.)

quent upon the diverse nature of the vegetative
organs of multiplication, is partly removed by con-
fining the term " spore " to reproductive bodies pro-
duced in various manners and in various places, but
always without sexual agency. It would seem, then,
that in English, although such a course is not
suggested in the book under notice, we might well
use the general term " bud-spore " to include all
vegetative spores, and " sperm-spore " and " egg-

gi'owth and development, but which cannot be ascer-
tained by a mere examination of their ultimate term,
be used for a like practical purpose. The one thing
common to all these varied forms, be it physiological
or morphological, that it is which should be selected
to furnish a " common " name for the group. The
name, whether it be of a part of the individual
plant, or of a gi-oup of plants, species, genera, &c.,
is primarily given for practical convenience. The

matter, which occupies 130 pages— and which should
be studied by every botanist, whether he be specially
interested in fungi or not— the author proceeds to
the detailed consideration of each great group
scrialim, dividing all fungi practically into two groups
or series, that of the Ascomycetous and those which
are not Ascomycetous — which is logical, but not very
satisfactory to the student— neither is there given
any clear definition of what the author means

790

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Uecembkh 24, 1887.

by Ascoinycetes. To ascertain v.bat are the cha-
racteristics of that group we have to refer back
several pages or so, where, indeed, we find a dis-
cussion rather than a practical definition. It is fair,
however, to say that Professor De Bary's book is pro-
fessedly not devoted to details of classification. Still
it would have greatly conduced to clearness, sjiving of
time, and comfort of the student, if Professor De Biiry
had followed the plan used by systematic botanists.
In the course which he has followed, however, he has
but conformed to the general labour-consuming usage
in modern German litenature— a usage that m.ake3
the reader remember with gratitude the pithy pre-
cision of a Linna;us or a Lindley. Practical con-
venience will before long compel a resort to those
professedly artificial systems of classification which
are so unscientific but so useful.

The ch.apters on the mode of life of fungi are of
course of special interest to cultivators.whose plants are
often destroyed in a few hours by the incursion of these
lowly organised, but destructive creatures. Lichens
are classed here as Lichen-forming fungi, and a brief
but excellent summary of the state of our knowledge
on this most curious subject is given. Systematic
Lichenists, as a rule, have not adopted the view of
the composite nature of Lichens; but the experi-
ments of Bornet, Stahl, and others seem to have
settled the matter beyond dispute.

Lastly, we have a chapter on the Bacteria or
Schizomycetes, to which so much attention is now
being paid. This chapter should be specially studied
by all who are investigating this difticult group. A
glossary of technical terms and a full index add to
the value of a book which will rem.ain a classical
one for years to come. The work h.as been well
translated and conscientiously edited— almost too
much so, as the " errata," referring to p. 370, lines
17, IS, show.

Manuel de L'AccLIMATEU.R. Par Charles Naudin
and Baron Ferd. von Jlueller. Librairie
Agricolc, 26, Rue Jacob, Paris.
The names of these two distinguished naturalists
and unwearied workers are sufficient to commend
this work to all interested in the introduction
and naturalisation of useful plants. The work con-
sists, as its title informs us, of a selection of plants
recommended for cultivation for agricultural, indus-
trial, and medical purposes in Europe and in tropical
countries. It is published under the auspices of
the Societe Xationale d'Acclimatation, and is founded
In great part on Baron von Mueller's well-known Schct
Entra-Tropical Plants Readily Eligible for Industrial
Culture or Naturalisation. To Baron von Mueller's
labours M. Naudin p.ays a well-merited tribute, speak-
ing in particular of the services he lias rendered
in the introduction of v.arious species of Eucalyptus
into France and Algeria, in which latter country
the consequent benefits as reg.ards sanitation and
forest-resources have been great. M. Naudin refers
•also to the introduction of Cinchona into India and
Java, of Liberian Coffee into Ceylon, and many
other similar cases of artificial naturalization. In
an introductory chapter M. Naudin discusses the means
of carrying out experimental acclimatisation, insisting
u pon the necessity of studying the ntiture of the climate
and soil of the countries from which plants are taken,
and into which they are desired to be introduced.
To this fundamental necessity must be added an
acquaintance with the general details of cultivation,
propagation, cross-breeding, &c. All this is, as
might have been .anticipated, excellently put, but we
may further insist on the desirability of experimental
trials. Until we try we really have no knowledge of
what conditions a plant will live under. It does not
follow, because a plant grows naturally in the
warmer regions of the globe, that it will not thrive
here also. Mexican Yuccas here do not get either
the sun-lieat or light, nor, on the other hand, are they
exposed to such severe cold as tliey are in their
native country, yet they grow here very well. Who
could have foreseen that the Kniphofias of the Cape
would be hardy here ? But yet they are. Still more
remarkable, who would have thought it possible that

the Fassiflora ccerulea, a native of Rio Janeiro and
Southern Brazil, should be able to flower and ripen
its fruits out-of-doors near London ? True, it was
killed to the ground a few years ago, but at this pre-
sent time it adorns many a house in the suburbs
of London with its eleg,ant fruits. Facts of this
character should encourage directors of Botanic
Gardens to make more experiments in this way than
they usually do. If the experiments fail, at least
they will have supplied valuable information; if
they succeed, the prospects of possible utility are
greatly enhanced.

The plants mentioned are, first of all, grouped in
categories, according as they are used as food for
man or animals, for manufacturing purposes of
various kinds, medicinal use, constructional objects
(timber), or decorative employment. Then follows
a brief account of the natural orders of plants,
arranged alphabetically. To this succeeds a list of
vernacular names and synonyms. The body of the
work consists in a detailed enumeration of the several
genera which afford plants of economic utility.
Thus under the head of Aberia we have a brief de-
scription, first, of the genus, then of the species A.
Caffra, wliich yields the " Key Apple," of which an
account is given, together with indications of suit-
able localities for its cultivation.

It is evident that even two such distinguished
botanists as the authors of this volume cannot be
expected to be personally familiar with all the varied
details included in such a book as this. To a con-
siderable extent it must be a work of compilation, and
the compilers could not possibly check all the state-
ments they derived from others. Thus we find an
entry, Abies mucronata of Rafinesque, but on turning
to Parlatore's monograph, and other works on
Conifers, we are unable to discover any such
plant. Endlicher, indeed, speaks of it among
his Species pcnitus diibire, while Sargent refers
it to the Dougkas Fir (Pseudotsuga Douglasii).
The brief description given of the tree does
not fit the noble Douglas Fir unless it pertain
to the dwarf maritime variety indicated with a ?
by Sargent. While this doubtful species is
inserted, the Douglas F"ir proper is altogether
passed over — a most serious omission. Thuiopsis
borealis, which is likely to make a most valuable
timber tree in cold climates, is also passed over.
Of purely ornamental species which are capable of
introduction the list is of course incomplete, but
that could hardy be otherwise in a volume of 600
p.%ges ; indeed, it seems almost a pity to have men-
tioned any at all, seeing the impossibility of framing
a complete list, and the difliculty of making an adequate
selection. A large space is appropriately dedicated
to the Eucalypti, of which both Baron von Mueller
andM. Niiudin are ardent investig.ators. E. amyg-
dalina, coccifera, viminalis, and polyanthema are
the hardiest species ; E. botryoides is nearly as
hardy, and grows nearly as rapidly in Provence as E.
globulus ; E. calophylla is also noted as hardy in
Provence, and more beautiful than E. globulus, but
not so rapid in its gi-owth. The same remarks in
varying degree also apply to E. cornuta, coryno-
carpa, leucoxylum, melliodora, pilularis, rostrata,
viminalis.

This is a book which all interested in economic
botany must put upon their shelves.

NEW HOTHOUSES, STANCLIKFE
HALL.
In December, 1884, we had the pleasure of present-
ing our readers with illustrations of the beautiful
and remarkable rockery in the late Sir Joseph
Whitworth's garden at Stancliffe, near Matlock,
and on Jlarch 14, 1885, we g.ave a view of the
great winter garden, constructed by J. Weeks
& Co., of Clielsea. We now give a view of the
new range of hothouses recently erected by tlic
same firm (fig. 153). The houses are situated on
the side of a hill, and the ground at one end of
the range is quite 20 feet higher than the ground at
the other. This peculiarity of the site, necessitated

the frequent stepping up of the roofs, as sho\vn. But
this irregularity, so far from detracting from the ap-
pearance of the range, gives it a broken and pictur-
esque outline which agreeably relieves the eye and
harmonises well with the surrounding scenery, which
is of a beautiful and irregular character. The
arrangement adopted is that of a spacious corridor,
200 feet long by 12 feet wide, and divided by parti-
tions into compartments for forcing Peaches, F^igs,
and other fruits. From this corridor, three large
span-roofed vineries project, and a suitable site is
left for another span-roofed house at each extremity
of the range. This arrangement is seldom adopted,
owing to the necessarily large cost, but where this is
not considered it is a very convenient arrangement,
as it admits of a series of span-roofed vineries, all of
which can be visited without coming out-of-doors. The
whole of the houses are fitted with wire, to which the
Vines will be attached. The arrangements for the
warming and ventilation are of the most approved
kind.

Scotland.

EDINBURGH BOTANICAL SOCIETY.

DECEMUEn 8. — The second meeting of the session,
which was held at 5, St. Andrew Square, was opened
by an inaugural address by tlie President, Dr. William
Craig, in which he reviewed the early history of the
Society, and the late Professor Balfour's labours in
connection with its inauguration. He urged that the
Society should give its attention to the completion
of the collection of medicinal plants in the Botanic
Gardens, because they did not know how many of
their future drugs they might owe to the cultivated
plant.

Colour in Plants. — Mr. Sewell read a paper in
which he showed that more or less intense colour
always accompanies the various degrees of imperfect
vegetation. Spring and autumn tints come under
the same explanation as flower colours, in that there
is in each case a using up of previously obtained
material, not a predominance of the constructive
elements throughout the cells.

Colouring in connection with reproduction may
first be noticed among the Cryptogams, where the
reproductive parts of the plant are yellow or white,
their energy being spent otherwise than in producing
chlorophyll for a vegetative function.

Mr. Spenser and Mr. Grant Allan have both
pointed out that " incipient floral colour is present
in all imperfectly developed shoots," or " might be
expected to appear in flowers because of their low
constructive energy." Evidence of this was seen in
Caulerpa, where, yellow when in drier, less nutritive
habitats, it became gi'een wlien grown in water — a
more nutritive condition. Foliage plants, as Croton,
or such plants as Arum m.aculatuni, h.ave their
colour more intense when pot-bound, or growing in
less nutritive places ; green takes the place of the
colour when grown under more vegetative conditions,
as, for instance, when newly repotted by the florist.

It is where growth is locally restricted, as in the
petioles of Primula sinensis, as on secreting surfaces
of Pitcher plants or Drosera, or as in honey glands,
that colour tends to appear. A similar explanation
accounts for the red tips of Daisy and Pyrethrum ;
for the appearance of new colours at the apex of the
petals, as it is in the apex rather than the base, or
among the disc flowers that growth has most cer-
tainly ceased. We may similarly account for the
predominantly white colour of winter flowers because
at that time of year all growth is sluggish, there is
less actively destructive change from tlie primary
yellow colour. On the contrary, alpine flowers, grow-
ing where there is an open and sunny exposure,
favouring high destructive change, are notably
brilliant. Certainly there are not a greater number
of insects in alpine than in lowland regions : nor is
the explanation of white rather than red winter
flowers to be found in the absence of insects which
would select reds at that time, as has been suggested.

Changes of colour during the life of the flower, as

Decemder :24, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CBBONICLE.

791

seen in Convolvulus minor or Myosotis versicolor, are
but gradations of the natural series of changes ob-
servable with more or less distinctness, as it occurs
ia greater or less degiTe in ncarlj' all flowers. Such
changes occur especially just before death. They are
very noticeably caused by altered climatic conditions,
as for instance where a cold and damp winter has
been observed to be productive of white varieties, or
a hot dry summer of red ones. That white varieties
of plants normally red or blue are products of changed
or weakened constitution is shown in the fact that
such plants as white Calluna or Erica may be dis-
tinguished by the lighter green of their foliage, as
well as by their flowers.

To explain such colour variations as those of
Polygala vulgaris, we do not need to agree with Dr.
Taylor, who considers that the three colours of
Anemone patens, for instance, " .ire three kinds of
bait," which Nature has provided that the plant may
be more certain of attracting insects. AVe may un-
derstand, such varieties if not of present origination,
yet to have originated under different conditions

yVe see also that colours need not be held to be
due to slow indefinite variations, the cause of which
remains unknown — it may be a very sudden variation
brought about by climatic conditions, which sudden
variations are far more likely to be noticed by
insects than are very gradual changes of tint.

It does not need that we regard flower colour as
existing alone by virtue of the benefit it confers
upon insects any more than we allow older biologists
to regard it as produced because of its moral effect
upon mankind — it is the natural outcome of the ten-
dency towards perfection in the reproductive part
of the plant. It is a correlation necessitated by the
lessened vegetation, and though undoubtedly of use
to insects, which check or quicken tlie tendency to
colour in one case or another, they have only taken
advantage of the tendency, which cannot thus be
said to have resulted solely on their account and by
their selection.

Thorns and Spines. — Mr. Patrick Geddes brought
forward the question as to the " Origin of Thorns and
Spines," insisting on tlie insufficiency of the explana-

as examples. They are explicable as the results of
disadvantageous conditions of growth, not otherwise.

A good example of the effect of such checking of
vegetation is afforded by Vella Pseudo-Cytisus, in
which plant, at least under cultivation in this
country, the upper part of the leaf-bearing axis for
a distance of 3 or 4 inches from the apex, is pro-
longed without any leaves upon it. It is not stiff
enough to serve as a protection.. It is clear evi-
dence of failure to vegetate freely — a character
shared by Vella spinosa to a still gi-eater extent.
A''ella spinosa is probably less liable to attacks from
browsing animals than is its ally, but its more exposed
habitat warrants its more spiny nature.

Many alpine plants, as Acantholimon, have this
spiny character in their leaves. Acantholimon is
not so subject to attacks from animals as is Armeria
maritima, with its wider distribution and more vege-
tative character. Acantholimon is an example of
such plants, with a restricted distribution on account
of their feeble vegetative ability.

The grasses most subject to attacks from animals

tPmra^feP

I"lG. I.Jo. -R.INGE OP FRriT-HOVSES .\T STAXCI.U'FE. (sEE P. 790.)

of growth, which favoured a more or less actively
destructive constitution in the petals.

A Labiate, not unlike Salvia horminum, common
in Thuringia, shows all the stages of this series of
( olour change in single plants. The flowers are
yellow, whilst the bracts which terminte the floral
axis are coloured either yellow, red or purple, the
I urple being produced at the extremity of the axis
whenever present, just at the place where, from check-
ing of growth and exposure to the sun's rays, the
character of the cell contents would be influenced
most acutely.

Indeed, if we bear in mind these facts, agreeing with
tlie assertion made by Mr. Spenser that floral colours
appear at the termination of the axis, we must differ
from him in his further conclusions, " that tliis colour
tends to fade away and is only prevented from dis-
appearing by the action of natural selection."*

More or less intense colour appearing wherever
vegetation is checked, we must expect accumulation
of colour in flowers as a necessary consequence of the
reduction which is there taking place : it does not
matter how this reduction is mainly brought about,
whether by use, environment, or natural selection.

^ Prinrtplc.^ 0/ liio'offy^ rcl. ii., i . 250.

tion of these as produced solely by natural selection.
It has been recognised that, in whatever way induced,
thorns and spines are indications of checked vege-
tation, but he would suggest that environments other
than that of browsing mammals were only causes of
such modifications in by far the greater number of
cases.

Formerly he had been accustomed to regard the
fact that the Mexican species of Cycads, which were
without thorns, were so distinguished from the thorny
species of the Cape because there were no mammals
in Mexico, whilst they abounded at the Cape. But
such an explanation only takes account of one factor
in the environment of the pkant ; it leaves out of
account the very important one, that whereas the
Mexican species are found growing on comparatively
moist slopes, the African species are peculiar to the
arid exposed plateaux of the interior. Further, it is
quite probable — a fact altogether overlooked — that
the hard tissue of the Cycad is such that animals
would never have attempted to eat it.

The most conclusive evidence in favour of this
explanation is afforded by the character of the plants
of New Zealand. Here, where there are no mammals,
the plants are among the most spiny produced in
any part of the glob^. Aciphylla and Discaria serve

have not become thorny, hut appear to thrive under
such attacks. Spines and thorns are expressions of
insuBicient vegetation, however produced, and though
at times evidently of advantage, and subject to selec-
tion, Mr. Geddes considers that a great deal too
much stress has been laid on the importance of
selection in regard to them.

Tempera! ure, ifv. — Mr. Lindsay, Curator of the
Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, gave in his report
on temperature and vegetation for November : —

"During November the thermometer was at or
below the freezing point on twelve occasions, indi-
cating collectively 49° of frost as against 17° for the
corresponding month last year. The lowest reading
was registered on the 15th," viz., 23°, or 9° of frost ;
other low readings occurred — on the 16th, 24°, and on
the 24th, 29th, and 30th, 25° was registered respec-
tively. The highest morning readings v.-eTC — on tlie
1st, 43° ; 2nd, 44° ; 7th, 44° ; 8th, 45° ; 26th, 49°.
The lowest day temperature was 34° on tlie 29th ;
and the highest, 53° on the 26th. The weather was
very changeable and unsettled throughout the month.
Rain or sleet fell more or less on sixteen days; no
serious storms were experienced, and very little snow
having fallen, outdoor work was not much inter-
fered with. During the first week of the month the
few remaining leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs

792

THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE.

[Decejibeh 24, 1887.

were all cleared oft". Outdoor vegetation is now, as
nearly as possible, in a dormant condition. Few
plants are in flower in good condition, with the
exception of Jasminum nudiflorum, Helleborns alti-
folius, Schizostylis coccinea, Sternbergia liitea, and
the winter flowering variety of Daphne Mezereon.
Berry-bearing jdants, jiarticularly Yew and Holly,
are fast becoming stripped of their berries by birds —
much earlier in the season than usual, although the
ground has been fairly open. The past season has
probably rendered the berries mire palatable as
food to the birds than they usually are, at all events
they are disappearing so rapidly that in a short time
very few will be left.

" The following plants came into flower on the
rock garden, viz. : — Parochretus communis, Gynerium
argenteum, Sternbergia hitea, Plumbago Larpenta'.

" A good many stray blossoms are still to be seen
on such plants as Lithospermum prostratum, Veronica
rupestris, various Aubrietias, Heaths and Wallflowers.
In the absence of very severe frost, late flowers of
these varieties are usually to be had at this !

Mr. E. M. Holmes, P.L.S., Secretary of tlie Phar-
maceutical Society of Great Britain, in continuation
of an exhibit at the previous meeting, sent to be
exhibited several interesting fruits of species of
Martynia, Eucalyptus, and Cucumis, kindly trans-
mitted him by Thomas H.anbury, Esq., of Palazzo
Orengo, Ventimiglia, Italy, in whose garden they
were ripened,

Scottish Hohticultubal Association".

The annual supper held in connection with the
Scottish Horticultural Association took place in the
Windsor Hotel, Edinburgh, on the 16th inst., Mr.
Wm. Thomson, Sen., Clovenfords, in the chair;
and Messrs. Robertson Jlunro, Seci'etary, and
Alexander McKenzie, Treasurer, officiating as
croupiers. About a hundred members of tlie Asso-
ciation were present. After the usual loyal and
patriotic toasts the Chairman gave the toast of the
evening, " Scottish Horticulture. " In doing so, Jlr.
Thomson gave an interesting retrospect of horticul-
tural progress in the last fifty years, a period during
which he had been actively engaged in the profes-
sion. In his remarks the Chairman briefly adverted
to the principal horticultural events of the period.
The chief actors on the horticultural stage during the
time, most of whom had been intimate friends of the
speaker, were spoken of in connection with many a
kindly reminiscence or amusing anecdote. The circum-
stances experienced in tlie pursuit of gardening during
the earlier part of the period were quite a contrast to
those of the present time. Everything had changed
for the better, and the gardeners of the present time
were incomparably better oS" in all respects than
they were at the time he went to the busi-
ness. They had many advantages at present over
their predecessors, and consequently their responsi-
bilities were greater. " If there ever was a time," he
said, " in the world's history when it was important
that the science of cultivation should be known in
detail it was now. It was becoming a serious thing
for the nation that there was, generally speaking, no
class of tenants able to make the very best of the
land they held." He advised young gardeners to
give their attention to first principles in studying
their business, without which no man could hope to
rise above rule-of-thumb in his practice. Jlr. Alex-
ander McKenzie replied, and said that, notwithstand-
ing the oft-expressed opinion that the present race
of Scotch gardeners were inferior to that of the past,
he believed they would hand down the briglit tradi-
tions of their predecessors to those that were to
follow undimmed.

Mr. James Grieve proposed " The Koyal Cale-
donian Horticultural Society, the Scottish Horti-
cultural Association, and other kindred Societies,"
which was responded to by Mr. Y>. P. Laird, who
said, in alluding to the Chairman's remarks on
the subject of the advantages young gardeners of
the present had over those of the past, that he
thought some system of examination should be or-
ganised and certificates granted to the most eflicient
candidates. In his opinion this would be an addi-
tional incentive to young men to study their business
closely and on proper lines. The remaining toasts

were : — " Scottish Gardeners," proposed by Mr. Todd
and responded to by Mr. McKinnon. " Horticul-
tural Builders," proposed by Mr. J. Alexander and
responded to by Mr. George Lowe. "The Nursery
and Seed Employes," proposed by Mr. John Methven,
responded to by Mr. Jas. Greive and Mr. Alex.
Sclater. " The Horticultural Press," proposed by
Mr. Hugh Eraser, responded to by Mr. Wm. Suther-
land. "The Market Gardeners and Florists," pro-
posed by Jlr. Todd, responded to by Mr. Geo. Sin-
clair and Mr. .lohn JIcLaren, &c.

Noirra of Scotland HonricuLroRAL Association-.

On the evening of Friday, the 10th inst.,
the members of this Association held their fort-
nightly meeting in the Music Hall Buildings,
Aberdeen. There was a good attendance, and
Mr. D. M. Smith, Vice-President, in the ab-
sence of Mr. James Cocker, Sen., President, oc-
cupied the chair. The business was a discussion
on fruit, flowers, vegetables, and plants. An
animated debate on these subjects was taken
part in by many of the members. Mr. Kobson, of
William Smith & Sons, presented to the Association,
on behalf of Sir Archibald Dunbar, Bart., of North-
field, Duffus House, Elgin, a pamphlet containing a
record of Sir Archibald's experiences for forty years
iu gi-owing dift'erent kinds of hardy fruits ; and the
Secretary, Mr. lieid, was instructed to write a letter
of thanks to the donor.

Mr. Thompson, of Messrs. Cardno & D.arling, exhi-
bited a small greenhouse heating apparatus of his omi
invention, which was warmed by paraffin instead of
coals, and which was favourably commented on by
the members. A Gold Medal was presented by the
Association to Mr. B. Sim, Gateside, Banchory-
Ternan, for the best essay on " The principal points
to be considered in judging fruit, flowers, plants, and
vegetables." Another was gained by Mr. Mackay,
Westwood, for the best plan for the arrangement of a
kitchen garden of one acre ; and a Certificate of
Jlerit was awarded to Messrs. Cocker & Sons for a
beautiful collection of Orchids.

The EoiSBUnoH JIaiiket Gardeners' Association.
The annual general meeting was held in 5, St.
Andrew .Squtire, on the 20th inst., Mr. Gourltiy, of
JIusselburgh, President, in the chair. The meeting
is held annually in connection with the " stance-
letting " in the Waverley Market, and is consequently
fully attended by those who wish to use the market as
a place of business. The business before the meeting
was consideration of the general affairs of the Asso-
ciation, prominent as an item of which was the too
limited accommodation provided in the market for the
constantly growing demand for stances. The Presi-
dent was of opinion that the Town Council should
be approached on this subject. Prior to the
covering in of the market, the whole space occupied
by the building had been used by the market
gardeners, but since then a large amount of the space
at the west end was reserved for the aquarium. He
thought that if the Town Council were approached
on the subject this space might be again reserved for
the use of the gardeners. It was, at any rate, neces-
sary that something should be done to meet the
increasing demand for space, and he recommended
this course to the committee. The disagreement
that annually occurred between the Royal Caledonian
Horticultural Society and the Market Gardeners'
Committee as to the market gardeners being shut out
of the miirket on the mornings of the Society's
summer shows was a matter which he thought could
easily be settled amicably. They (the gardeners)
only wanted a small portion of the sjiace, and that
only for the early hours of the morning before
the opening hour of the show. At that season
perishable fruit, such as Strawberries, was the
principal produce offered by them, and if they
were compelled by the obstinacy of the Society to
expose it in the open air on a wet morning, it would
result in a loss to each individual seller of from 10«.
to £3. The matter could be easily settled by the
Society having their tables fitted with castors, which

would enable them to move the tables temporarily
witli little inconvenience.

The members of the Association afterwards dined
together in the " Ship " Hotel, under the presidency
of Mr. Gourlay, Mr. Thomas Stobie, Libertou, being
croupier.

MULBEKEIES.

The foliage of the green-fruited and black-fruited
Mulberry tree is very variable, but the outline of
the tree is depressingly monotonous. This tree
imparts to all the Central Asiatic cultivated dis-
tricts on this side of the mountains of the border
range of Sungaria their luxuriant appearance. The
Mulberry tree in Kashgaria, or in the country of the
Sarts, is used for silk culture — a quiet occupation
for women ; while the tasteless Mulberries are
shaken from the tree by the children. They are
considered the most valuable nourishment from the
regions of Garafshan, eastward to the Amu-Daria.
Dried Mulberries furnish a sweet food in the
countries where corn is scarce, and in every house-
hold large piles are stored for winter use. In Shug-
nan a dishful of dried Mulberries is used as the unit
of measure, and the help of the physician, as well as
the skill of the singer, is valued at so many dishes
of Mulberries. All through thi^ Taendsh district
the dried ben'ies are ground. A bagful of Mul-
berry meal forms the provision for pedestrians and
hunters. In the region of Vaendsh a heavy bread
is baked out of Mulberry meal, which replaces the
corn bread during hard times. On the upper Darvas
and in Shugnan the Mulberry juice is thickened into
a tough syrup of peculiar flavour. The Shugnanites
enjoy distilling Mulberry brandy. The wood of the
Mulberry tree furnishes to theTadshik of the upper
Amu-Daria his winter shoes and sandals, his whips
and guitars, and to the boy of Roshan his hobby-
horse. The ripening of the Mulberry announces the
beginning of summer. The last Shah of Shugnan
had set up opposite his residence, on a high hill, an
indicator, set in the direction of the point in which
the sun rose over the hills at the time of the ripen-
ing of the Mulberry. A. RcficI, cited in the " Report of
the Montreal Horticultural iSociety, 1886—87."

Home Correspondence.

1^™ Correspondents 111111 greatly ohligc hy sending early
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers, or of any matters which it. is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.

Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkable
plants, trees, if'c7., are also solicited.

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— Whilst
the Council, or perhaps the hybrid committee which
has been recently appointed, are making an appeal
to the wealthier grade of horticulturists for aid to the
Royal Horticultural Society in its adversity, will you
allow me to draw attention to the fact, that what-
ever may be expected from the rank and file of
horticulture in the way not only of present but of
enduring support, nothing has been done in the
way of ascertaining, not only whether the rank and
file can give any pecuniary support, but also what is
expected in return for that support. Now two things
are pretty evident ; first, that the great bulk of
gardeners — and especially those who live remote
from London — can have towards the old and premier
horticultural society of the kin.gdora little other than
sentimental regard ; and, 2nd, that they are neither
able nor willing to give any considerable sum annually
in support of that sentiment. Still further, it is certain
that not one gardener in fift.v — probably in one hundred
— will accept the invitation to become a guinea
member. Throughout the provinces a 5,^'. annual
subscri))tion suffices to make any one a member of
any good provincial horticultural society, and surely
lO's. 6d. is ample to pay annually for a similar
privilege in connection with the Royal Horticultural
Society. I, for instance, would readily become a half-
guinea member, and I believe very many others would
also, provided such a scale of subscription were
established. These men will decline to commit them-

Dhcbhubb 24, 1887.]

THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE.

793

selves to so considerable an annual payment as one
guinea, because they cannot honestly afford it. Let
] us remember that within the past year the Orphan
Fund has created a new charge upon gardeners' very
moderate and always uncertain incomes ; and in-
creasing charges cannot be readily borne without
strong reason; therefore it will be unwise, if not
useless, to look to the rank and file of the gardening
fraternity for larger annual contributions than half a
guinea. Naturally the question is, How many
gardeners or others are there willing to become
half-guinea members, were such a grade esta-
blished? 'And I venture to ask leave to appeal
to gardeners generally to respond to that ques-
tion by sending their names to the Editor.
Possibly other papers would not object to
adopt a similar course with their readers, and
thus the vast body of horticulturists would have
ample opportunity offered to signify agreement or
disagreement with the proposal. Of course it would
have to be clearly understood that the lesser pay-
ment must carry with it no disfranchisement of the
member, and that beyond difference in certain ticket
privileges, guinea and half-guinea members should
all stand on the same basis. With respect
to the two-guineas subscribers there could be no
objection to being classed as Fellows, and permitted,
if "thought desirable, to write the coveted F.H.II.S.
after their names ; that privilege should more than
compensate for the enhanced subscription. Now, if
but a few hundreds of half-guineas can be obtained
annually for the Society, as suggested, they would
be useful ; and if a thousand could be got, so much
the better. Still better would it be if the reduced
members' subscription led to the inclusion of the
great bulk of the gardeners of the kingdom in the ranks
of the Royal Horticultural Society; that would be
to exchange the stinking 3esh-pots of South Kensing-
ton for the substantial support of horticulturists
in the noblest and happiest way. Should there be
no response to this suggestion the thing falls to the
ground, but it will be a distressing experience to
learn that the Royal Horticultural Society is viewed
in the country with absolute indifference. Possibly
an early declaration as to what is going to be done
with the Society in the matter of home and oper-
ations may help to elicit that provincial opinion just
now so much needed. Upade.

In the present crisis of affairs of the Royal

Horticultural Society, may I crave space for a few re-
marks ? In view of the difficulty of obtaining suitable
accommodation for the Society, ai.d the enormous
rental asked even for insufficient accommodation,
have the members of the Council ever considered
the advisability of erecting a building suitable for
the needs of the Society — for instance a central
hall for meeting in, smaller rooms for the various
committees, and space for the valuable library?
I am aware that this would entail a great outlav,
which at present the Society is hardly in a position
to make ; but if money can be found to pay a heavy
rent, surely it can be found to do that which would
be the means of avoiding the necessity of paying
rent at all. When we see societies which have for
years past worked in unison with the Royal Horti-
cultural Society, seeking accommodation for holding
their shows apart, it is time some decided move was
made. This year the annual Dahlia and Chrysan-
themum shows were held, the one at Sydenham, the
other at the Aquarium, and already the National
Rose Society has made arrangements to hold its
next show at the Crystal Palace in default of obtain-
ing the People's Palace for the purpose. Surely
poor neglected Ch is wick is as easy of access as
Sydenham or Mile End, surrounded as it is by rail-
ways which communicate directly with all parts of
lK)ndon and with every large railway terminus.
Much, I think, may be said in favour of the Society
returning to its Chiswick home ; the committees at
their meetings would be able to inspect the gardens
and the work being done therein, and the Superin-
tendent would be able to devote his whole time and
energies to their proper maintenance. In conclusion
I would point out that near the entrance to the
Society's gardens a piece of land is to let on lease which
the Society should not allow to fall into the hands
of builders to erect more smoky chimneys thereon.
Sufficient space might there be found for the erection
of suitable accommodation for the Society, and when
funds would permit a conservatory for shows, &c.,
till when the large vinery might be made avail-
able. Z.

BLACK HAMBURGH GRAPES FOR LATE USE.—
At this season of the year the subject of keeping
Grapes often forma a topio of conrerBation when

horticulturists meet, and the query is frequently put
by the vendors, " Why are Black Hamburghs so sel-
dom seen at New Year, as compared with
what was formerly the case ? " The reply is
simple enough, that there are so many fine
looking kinds which are easily grown and
very easily kept without loss in quantity and very
little deterioration of quality. It is, however, hard
to persuade proprietors of gardens to partake of the
thick or tough skinned black and white Grapes, in-
ferior in flavour (Black and White Muscat kinds ex-
cepted), a preference to Hambugh while the grand old
favourite can be supplied — and to keep them to the New
Year used never to be considered, twenty-five or thirty
years ago, a difficult achievement: and why should
it be so now, with glazing and heating so efficient?
It was from the instructions we read so carefully in
the days of our youth, and which were so well
written in the Gardeners Chronicle, that we gained a
deal of our knowledge of garden management; and by
carefully putting the same into practice rendered
much of the work comparatively easy, and the
minute details given as to how to keep late
Grapes offered a stimulus to do our best. In
those days there were not so many kinds to choose
from as at present, but it was an established rule
to have good sound Hamburghs till January
or February, and we have had them fair till
March ; and the earliest Grapes were forced (in pots
or a small house) to be ready at Easter, or soon
afterwards. In those days we started Vines in
pots from eyes, and reckoned to grow the canes and
fruit them fairly within the year. The requirements
of proprietors are more easily met, and the labours
of gardeners generally much It'ss in the forcing
department than in those days. Reverting to keep-
ing of Hamburghs as late as February, better in-
struction now cannot be given than by this journal
at the period to which we refer. A primary item in
the preparation of the fruit for keeping in good con-
dition late in the season, was to thin out the berries
so that when thoroughly matured they would hang
quite clear of each other. Such advice at the present
time is not to be despised, as by this means, and by free
ventilation by day and night — especially during the
ripening period — it was possible to keep Black Ham-
burghs in very fair condition until February. Mus-
cats, black and white. Moroccos, West's St. Peter's,
Burchard's Prince, and others were kept until March.
Lady Powne's and Black Alicante became familiar
to us as long keepers which, lengthened the season
still further. After they had hung as long on the
Vines as might be deemed safe, the bunches were cut,
and with a good piece of wood attached to each, and
daubed with sealing-wax at the ends, hung up in a
dry room that was kept close and dark. We adopted
a system of "bottling" with water in the year
1862, but quite a burlesque on the system now
so common which we began to practise a few
years later, and after a season or two's practice,
we did not experience much difficulty in having
Grapes all the year round, having Lady Downe's
as late as the middle of June. At that period Black
Hamburghs and Muscat Hamburghs (the latter
grafted on the former) were ready for dessert. Ap-
pearance of Grapes in these times is much valued,
and untutored purchasers will give a much larger
sum for coarse Gros Marocs of beautiful exterior
than they would for good white Muscats. We had
an experience of this lately at a bazaar held in a
very fashionable town, where we placed three good
Muscat of Alexandria, Madresfield Courts, and Gros
Marocs, together for sale. The two latter kinds
(both large in berry, and of fine colour) were nearly
all bought up long before any of the Muscats were
sold. We found the Madresfield Courts kept well
till lately ; they were extra thinned and fired very
freely, with abundance of air on during the ripening
period. We know that free thinning is not suitable
for exhibition purposes, but it enhances flavour and
keeping qualities. Such notes of practical experi-
ence, as lately written in these pages by " O. T. C."
on Grape keeping, are very much appreciated. Scott,

WIRE TREE STAYS.— Staking trees is generally
a troublesome, and at best an unsightly business.
There are ways, however, of minimising the ungain-
liness without sacrificing rigidity. Even if wooden
stakes are employed the triangular form of support
is the most sensible. Galvanised wire, however, is
better. I have lately seen a number of young trees
of all sizes, from 4 or 5 feet high to 10 or VI feet,
which were stayed with galvanised wire in the same
way as the telegraph and signal posts are stayed. The
situation was a wind-swept hillside, yet there seemed
to be few wires out of place. Care of course was

taken at the point of junction to protect the tree
rind from becoming abraded by the rubbing of the
wire, and so far as I could see no damage had been
done in this way. As iron is so very cheap, the cost
of such supports cannot be a heavy item. It is a
great advantage that they do not rot, and at a little
distance they are invisible. Considering what a
wretched spectacle many young ornamental (?) plan-
tations cut, I think this system of wire staying ii
well worth further attention. If any disadvantages
have been noted by those who have used wires it
would be interesting to hear about them. B. J, K

THE KEEPING OF APPLES AND PEARS.— Mr.

Joseph Cheal remarked at the Apple and Pear Con-
gress, recently held at Harpenden, that Apples and
Pears were not keeping well with them this season.
But the representative of Messrs. H. Lane & Son,
of Berkhempstead. who was there with a large col-
lection, said that they were keeping well with them,
and testimony to this fact was seen in the condition
of the fruit. It is possible that it was hotter and
drier at Crawley than at Berkhampstead, but would
this fact account for the non-keeping of Messrs,
Cheal & Sons' fruit ? What is the opinion of fruit
growers as to the comparative keeping qualities of
Apples and Pears after a dry hot summer? U. D.

HAWORTH'S NARCISSI.— I am indeed very much
obliged to Mynheer Krelage, of Haarlem, for his
most interesting replies to my queries as to Narcissi.
What I really am yet most anxious to discover, how-
ever, is the present whereabouts of Haworth's dried
or herbarium specimens, supposing them to be still
in existence. Haworth, near the end of his latest
monograph of these plants, entitled JS'arcissinedrum
Monographia, second edition, published by Ridgway,
in 1831 (or only two years before the author's death),
writes thus: — "I have carefully preserved specimens
of almost the whole [of the Narcissi] and they will
be hereafter my vouchers for the truth." It is almost
needless for me to add that if these specimens could
be found they would be a great assistance in eluci-
dating the descriptions (unillustrated) of the Mono'
graphia which, without such aid, it is by no means
easy to accomplish. Any information as to Narcissi,
such as out-of-the-way references to books, prose,
poetry, or illustrations, will likewise be most welcome,
F. W. Burbidye, University Gardens, PemI}roke Road,
jyublin.

CHAMPIONS. — I am not in any way a candidate
for the above title, but I think it somewhat ridiculous
to apply the term to tlie winners of half-a-dozen
Grape prizes at such shows as Mr, Ward mentions
in his report of the Longleat Vines (p. 749), espe-
cially when the produce has been beaten by Grapes
grown m the London smoke, as was the case at
Kensington last year ; and have also been surpassed at
the Crystal Palace for the last three or four years by
gardeners having very moderate means for growing
Grapes. I think when applied to such exhibitors,
and after these tame results, it brings the term
champion into contempt. The facilities for Grape
growing to be found at Longleat are prettv generally
known to gardeners, and it is the opinion of the
writer that it would be only just to apply the term
champion to the constructor of those splendid
borders and houses for producing wonderful Grapes.
London S/noA-e.

THE LONGLEAT MUSCATS.- In enumerating his
friend's triumphs (p. 749), " H. W. W." ought to be
more accurate. May I remind him that the Long-
leat Muscats were not first at the Crystal Palace (this
year), but were placed third in two classes, by one of
the best judges of Grapes in England? B. G.

TH^ BLACK BRYONY (TAMU3 COMMUNIS). —

Judging from the number of communications I have
received from different parts of England, Scotland,
and Ireland, owing to an ofTer I made throu gh the
Press to send a lady a root of this plant, it seemf
that, although very common in the hedgerows
in many parts of the kingdom it is unknown
at any rate in its wild state. It is a plant in many
respects similar to the common Bryony (Brvonia
dioica), but botanically is quite distinct. From its
habit of growth it is an object best suited to the wild
garden or for trailing over rough structures. In
places where it succeeds, and from the character of
its root, which is a large fleshy mass, it should not
be a difficult thing to establish. It is a very inter-
esting plant for several months in the year. At the
present moment the hedges here only indicate ita
existence by the dead etems, which a short time ago

794

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Dbcembee 24, 1887.

were covered by masses of bright coloured berries,
these trails of berries being its chief beauty. The
young shoots generally appear early in May, and
when they first break .the soil they present a very
curious snake-like appearance, but as the growth of
the vine is rapid the leaves soon begin to develope.
These, when fully grown, are of a very dark green and
heart-shaped, or rather more of the form of an arrow-
head, with a certain weirdness of outline which causes
them to retain something of the snaky character.
The flowers being small, and much the colour of the
plant itself, attract but little notice, but when these
give place to the bunches of berries, which are borne
in such abundance, this trailer becomes one of the
features of the hedgerow in the early autumn.
Being so common, I have never attempted to grow
it in my garden, i.e., to train it in any way, but some
I know adopt the plan of training it, or allowing it
to train itself up stakes, in order to remove the berry-
covered vines in the autumn, and keep them for.
winter decorations. The next couple of months will
be the best time for the removal of roots from the
hedgerows, as later on the dead stems become broken
away from the roots, and this makes it difficult to
find them. 1). J. Y.

CRINUM MOOREI. — The engraving of my large
plant of Crinum Moorei, which appeared in the
Gardeners Chronicle of October 22 last, is a very good
one. The plant has been growing for at least a
dozen years in the same tub, without having any-
thing whatever done to it. It was a single bulb
when first planted in the tub, and there are now five
bulbs, whereof the original one is now the smallest.
It thrives perfectly in a vinery, but would no doubt
do well — at least, in the summer — out-of-doors. I
tried this very plant out one summer, but the leaves
are very brittle, and from the manner in which they
grow are liable to be broken by a very little wind,
much more so than those species which have the
habit of C. capense, with long flaccid leaves which
die down in the winter, and all of which I have very
little doubt will thrive out-of-doors if the bulbs be
protected from frost, either by being planted deep or
otherwise. C. W, Strickland, Hildcnley, Malton.

Societies.

ROYAL HOBTICULTUBAL,

Scientific Committee.

December 13. — Present ; A. D. Michael, Esq., in the

chair; and Messrs. O'Brien, Pascoe, W. G. Smith,

Murray. Kidley, Smee, Hon. and Rev. J. T. Bos-

cawen, Drs. Lowe and Masters.

Newton's System of Glazing. — A letter referring to
this subject was referred to the Floral Committee,
the subject coming within their purview rather than
that of this committee.

Mafformfd Odontoglossum. — -Mr. A. H. Smee brought
a flower-spike of Odontoglossum maculatum, bearing
leaves, and partly swollen like a pseudobulb. The
usual arrest and differentiation of growth had not
taken place, and the result was the production of a
structure combining the characteristics of pseudo-
bulb, leaf-shoot, and flower-stalk.

Cydonia sinensis. — Dr. Masters showed fruits of
this plant received from M. Van Volxem, in whose
garden at Vilvorde the fruits had been produced in the
open air. The fragrance is very delicate, but the
flesh is tough and hard.

Hoot Structures, ^'c. — The curious root-develop-
ment figured in a reecent number of the Gardeners'
Chronicle was shown and referred to Mr. Ridley for
further examination and report. Roots of Podo-
carpus andina from Miss Owen, and bearing tubercles
like those on the roots of Leguminous plants, were
exhibited, and referred to Professor Marshall Ward
for examination and report. According to Pro-
fessor Ward the similar tubercles in Leguminous
plants are due to the presence of a peculiar " slime-
fungus." nr Myxomycete.

Malformed' Orchids. — Dr. Masterrs showed draw-
ings of malformed flowers of Cypripedium Sedenix,
from Messrs. Veitch and Mr. W. Bull. In one case
the lip was greatly reduced in size ; in the other, in
addition to other changes, there were two lips placed
side by side. Dr. Masters remarked on the fre-
quency with which distorted and semi-double flowers
of this hybrid are produced — a circumstance
accounted for, in the opinion of Mr. O'Brien, by the
large number of plants of this kind now in cultiva-
tion, and their free-flowering tendency.

Lapageria. — Dr. Masters showed a drawing of a
malformed flower of this plant received from Mr.
Bland, in which, occupying the place of one of the
sepals, was a curious stalk-like body of the same
length as the sepals, and expanding at the top into
a hollow trumpet-shaped limb with everted edges.

New Mcinbers.— The Chairman requested sugges-
tions as to the names of gentlemen to be proposed
to the Council to fill the vacancies in the committee
for the ensuing year.

The Future of the Society. — At the instance of Dr.
Masters an informal conversation took place as to
the action of the Scientific Committee in the case of
certain contingencies. Mr. Boscawen was strongly
of opinion that under any circumstances the meetings
of the committee should be continued, and, if pos-
sible, in or in connection with the Lindley Library ;
and this opinion was in substance cordially and
unanimonsly upheld by the committee, which thus
terminated its labours for the year 1887, its delibera-
tions on this occasion having been shortened in con-
sequence of the occurrence of the special general
meeting on the same day.

MANCHESTER HORTICULTURAIi.

At the fortnightly meeting of the above Society,
on Thursday evening, December 15, Mr. Bruce
Findlay in the chair, a paper was read by Mr. F.
Robinson on the Potato.

The Chairman, in opening the proceedings, said :
Few persons had an adequate idea of the extent to
which the Potato ministers to our necessities, and
even to our luxuries ; but some notion may be formed
when it is stated that in 1870 we imported from the
Continent 50,185 cwt. of Potato flour, 693 cwt. of
Potato arrowroot, 9832 cwt. of Potato starch, and
470 cwt. of Potato starch gum, making, with
088,910 cwt. of Potatos imported, an aggregate value
of £148,500, exclusive of what is produced at home.
The imports of Potatos, of course, vary very much,
according to our own crop.

Mr. Francis Robinson then read his paper on " The
Potato," at the commencement ot which allusions
were made to its introduction into Ireland by Sir J.
Hawkins in 1563, and into England a few years later,
and the slow progress made in its cultivation at first.
With the exception of Lancashire the extension of the
cultivation of the Potato in England was extremely
slow. In Yorkshire it was known only as garden
produce till 1760, and in Somersetshire a whole
acre set aside for its benefit was a rare occurrence
so late as 1770. In 1842 the Potato became affected
by a serious disease, known as the Potato murrain,
which was first discovered in Germany and Bel-
gium. In 1844 it was found in Canada, and proved
most destructive, and in the following year it spread
to this country, causing terrible devastation here
and on the Continent.

The disease is caused by a growth of a fungus,
several forms of which were described and illustrated
in 1886 in the Gardeners' Chronicle, but as regarded
them there was a great difference of opinion. In
addition to different modes of cultivation, attempts
are being made to secure new varieties less sus-
ceptible to disease than others, but so far no great
measure of success has been obtained. Frequent
changes of seed are absolutely necessary, and hardy
varieties should be selected which have not exhibited
disease. From the official agricultural returns pub-
lished last year it appears that there were then
1,364,350 acres planted with Potatos in the United
Kingdom, and of this quantity more than 799,858
acres were in Ireland. The cultivation has decreased
since 1872, as in that year the land planted was a
quarter of a million acres over the figures of 1886. In
addition to this enormous production of our own we
annually imported extensively. In 1883 our imports
amounted to 257,000 tons, and in the three following
years the average was 125,000 tons per year.
The cultivation of the Potato in France is much
more extensive, for last year there were planted
1.463,251 hectares, which was equal in extent to
3,658,128 English acres, and the total quantity of
Potatos yielded was about 11,287,764 tons. He had
not been able to procure the returns for Germanv,
but Prussia produced in 1886 19,000,000 tons.
Owing to the number of new and so-called new in-
troductions, it was impossible to state with accuracy
the number of varieties at present known in com-
merce. New varieties of a high-class character are
always required, and concurrently with their intro-
duction and distribution those of inferior merit and
most liable to disease are discarded. He estimated
the number to be some 300 kinds of white and

coloured varieties, divided equally between the kid-
ney and round shape. Some people would, no
doubt, augment the list, but the same kinds have so
many synonyms, and were really only one variety.
For agricultural purposes from 12 to 14 cwt. of
Potatos are planted per acre, the crops from which
varied according to variety, state of the ground,
locality, season, time for planting, and after-
treatment. But under good conditions Early
Kidneys may be expected to produce 4 to 5
tons, Dalmaiioy and Scotch Regents 6 tons. Cham-
pion, Magnum Bonum, and Maincrop 8 tons ; and
Imperators 10 tons per statute acre. Under very
favourable circumstances, however, many instances
have occurred this season where farmers have
realised 12 tons, and in exceptional cases from 15 to
16 tons of the Magnum Bonum and Imperator
varieties. Among the important points on which
there is a difference of opinion is the question as to
how long one particular variety will last. In the
evidence given before the Royal Commission it was
stated that none lasts longer than twenty years.
This is a subject on which it appears no printed
records exist, but certainly twenty years is within
the mark, as the Aahleaf Kidney has been recog-
nised as a standard early variety for the past thirty
years. In addition to those interesting facts and
figures Mr. Robinson gave some valuable practical
information as to the propagation and cultivation of
the Potato, and the best varieties to be planted. A
lengthy discussion followed. Excerpt from report in
** Manchester City News," December 17.

Enquiries.

" He that quettioneth mitck shall learn much." — BacoV.

Injury to Abies Smithiana. — I herewith enclose
a few twigs of Abies Smithiana, which have been
eaten otf from the trees in the policies at CuUen
House by some unknown creature, biped or quadruped.
This has occurred regularly during the last six or
eight years, but only in the winter season. I usually
notice the first of them upon the ground about Octo-
ber, and they cease to fall after March. I have
watched late and early to see what depredator it is,
but without success. We have squirrels in the
grounds, but no crossbills, and abundance of star-
lings, but, strange to say, I never saw either one or
the other on any of the trees thus injured. The trees
are of a goodly size — say, 12 inches in diameter near
the ground, and 20 to 30 feet high, and abundantly
branched. Although the ends of the branches are
thus cropped off", the trees have no had appearance,
nor is the damage so great as to visibly afi'ect their
health ; indeed, the trees are all in excellent health,
and of goodly appearance. What I am anxious to
know is, if anything of the kind has been noticed
elsewhere, and, if so, what animal causes it. No other
tree except the A. Smithiana is touched, although
surrounded with A. Menziesii, Norway Spruce, Silver
Fir, and many other of like or allied species. I
would have blamed the squirrels for it, but for the
reason that it was done to the same extent six to
eight years ago, when no squirrels were in the imme-
diate district, nor seen near the place. I shall be
glad to furnish any further particulars if the subject
is of sufficient interest, and the case singular. C. Y.
Michie, Cullen House, Cullen, Banff,

Notices to Correspondents.

IWTBLLIGKNT READERS, do PLEASE NOTK that letters

relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of
the Paper, should be addressed to the Pudlisher,
and that all communications intended for publica-
tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming,
should be addressed to the Editor. Such com-
munications should be written on one side only
of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos-
sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should
be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the
Editor to see.

Asparagus : A'. The differences in price are not
confined to this country. In May last, within a
week, we saw Asparagus of the finest quality
marked in the Centre Row, Covent Garden, at
155. the bundle, at Boulogne at 6 fr., and at Rheims
2'75 c, quantity and quality being the same, or
nearly so.

DXCHHBEB 24, 1887.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

795

iS^ussELs Sprout Seed : W. W. The sample of seed
sent is an imperfectly ripened one. Throw it
away and procure good new seed — it will repay
the outlay.

Darwik, Letters and Contributions : A. M. 0.
The matter shall be considered.

;ii / Emigrating Gardener : Z. 0. In Belgium you would
find no chance against the native, unless you
were well supported with influential recommeda-
tions, and knew the language. Australia — in the
older colonies— would atford you a better chance
than South America; there wages are high, but
BO is cost of living. Growing for market near
some of the less well-found towns would pay the
best; but a year or two more should be spent in
service before commencing, as you would need to
learn and unlearn much before having any chance
of success. Apply to the Australian Emigration
Office, Victoria Street, Westminster, W.. for
further information.

Errata. — At p. 759, "Floral Committee," for F.
Baring, read T. Baines. At p. 747, " Certificates
to Fruit and Vegetables," for Gascoyne's, read
Gascoigne's ; for Pea Grads, read Gradys ; for St.
Dinthus, read St. Duthus ; for Horseford, read
Horsford ; for William, read Williams. At p.
762, " Names of Fruits," for Allan's Everlasting,
read Allen's Everlasting.

Manetti Stocks : .V. 1'. Z. The llanetti stocks
with one side of the stems dead are such as are
found in any bed of rooted Manetti cuttings. The
base of the inserted shoot, or cutting, has not
callused entirely round, and when the shoot has
not done so the bark dies above the part of the
cutting so unprotected. G. Paul.

Mulching on a Vine Border: H. B. P. Clear ofF
the whole of this before putting on new, even
should Vine rootlets have penetrated it, which it is
not probable they have done in great numbers.
No harm would arise if a thin layer of the soil be
taken at the same operation, but that will depend
on the depth the roots lie from the surface.

Names of Fruits : JV. Fisher. 1, Blenheim Orange ;
Yorkshire Greening.

Names of Plants : IV. Swaji. Lotus Jacobaeus.^
E. C. Next week. — F. A. 1, Odontoglossum Ins-
leayi splendens (not a good form of it) ; 2, 0.
Insleayi leopardinum.

Nursery and Seed Trade Clerk: G. W. B. If
you know French, Flemish, or the German lan-
guage you might, as you purposed, go to Belgium ;
you will there add to your lingual acquirements
and general clerkly knowledge. Neither South
America nor Australia offer many inducements to
young men in the nursery trade, this being, as yet,
very much in the hands of firms on this side.

Planting Shallots: Catford. We should have
thought the old notion of fixed days on which to
sow and plant was long since exploded. Shallots
planted on the shortest day of the year may be fit
to pull on the longest one ; and so they would if
not set before the middle of February. There is
but little root-growth during midwinter, and the
bulbs need to be repeatedly made firm in the
ground after frosts, which latter trouble can be
avoided by planting in February. The soil of
your garden being clayey, it will be advisable to
make the site where the bulbs are intended to be
planted lighter by the addition of sand, coal-ashes
finely sifted, and leaf-mould ; and, moreover, flat
ridges should be thrown up at 15 inches apart, on
which the bulbs may be set out.

Seeds of Wellingtonia (Sequoia) gigantea. W.
]V. Supposing the cones are fertilised they will
ripen in two years.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

James Carter & Co., 237 and 238, High Holbom,

London, W.C. — Seeds.
Waitb, Nash & Co., 79, Southwark Street, London,

S.E.— Wholesale Seed List.
W. H. Hudson, West Green Road, Tottenham —

Bulbs and Boots.

— R. B. W.— C M. O.— E. H. M. (maiLy thanks)— B. F.— P. B.
— M. Regnier, Fontenay-sous-Bois.-^S. Erigid.— L. Linden,
Bnisselfi. — I)r. Toni, Padua.- *^- ^" — "■ — d~j..-
T. C— Mr. Kiqjhall, Rocbaster,
Primula.— D.—E. W.— D. T. F.— J. G. B

J. O'B.— North Norfolk.— Max Leichtlin, Baden Baden—

Professor Ward.— J. W. Lever.— A. D.— C. L.— F. R.— F. S.

& Co.— W. S.

^r Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or
asking questions demanding timeand research for their solution,
must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in tht
current week.

DIED. — We announce with regret the death, on
December 19, of Jemima Eliza Talbot, wife of
David William Thomson, of the firm of Messrs.
Ireland & Thomson, Edinburgh.

The Weather.

Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 33° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1" continued for
twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Tempera TDRE.

Above or
below the

Mean for

the week

ending

Dec. 19.

ACODUULATED.

Districts.

SI

1^

u

sa
^1

V. a-

if

^2

Principal Wheat-pro-
ducing Districts.

Day-

deg.

Day-

deg.

Day-
deg.

Day.

deg.

0. SCOTLIMD, N. ...

3 be'low

0

39

-t- 31 -I- 115

I. Scotland, E. ...

0 (aver.)

1

35

+ 59' -^ 85

2. Enqlakd, N.B....

0 (aver.)

4

31

— 96' -1- 109

3. ENOLAJtD, E. ...

1 above

10

33

— 16l[+ 237

«. MiDLiKD Cos. ...

1 above

9

31

— 129-1- 229

5. England, S.

2 above

21

13

— 193 -K 180

1

Principal Grazing, &c..
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

0 (aver.)

^

30

— 90 -h 89

7. E»OLAND,N.W....

0 (aver.)

a

21

— 103 -t- 133

8. E.VGLAKD, S.W. ...

2 above

25

9

— 143 + 209

9. IBELAND, N.

1 below

8

27

-t- 98 -H 26

10. Ireland, S.

1 above

21

11

+ 107 -H 118

~ Channel Islands

2 above

36

0

— 109 -1- 63

Bainfall.

Bright
Sunshine.

DISTRIOT8.

3.

1-

S

5ii

If"'

Principal Wheatpro-
dut'ing Districts.

Tenths oE
Inch.

Ins.

0. SCOTIU-ND, N. ...

5 more

230

40.5

7

23

1. Scotland, E. ...

1 more

175

24.2

11

32

2. EnOLAND, N.K. ...

2 less

161

19.2

31

32

3. ENeLAND, E. ...

1 less

156

18.6

26

39

4. Midland Cos. ...

2 more

143

19.2

23

36

5. England, S.

1 more

145

21.4

25

39

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Diatricts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

0 (aver.)

177

•38.5

17

34

7. England, N.W....

4 more

1.57

24.9

12

35

8. England, S.W....

6 mure

151

28.0

31

45

9. Ireland, N-

7 more

181

31.8

12

31

10. Ireland, S.

2 more

151

27.9

27

39

— ChankklIslahds

6 more

173

26.1

34

48

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Dec. 19, is furnished from the
Meteorological OfBce : —

" The weather has continued dull and unsettled in
all. parts of the kingdom. Frequent and rather

heavy rains fell in most places during the greater
part of the week, but towards its close showers of
hail, sleet, or snow became prevalent.

" The temperature has been 3° below the mean in
' Scotland. N.,' while in the south and south-west of
England and in the ' Channel Islands,' it has been 2°
above ; but in the other districts it has not differed
materially from the normal. The highest of the
maxima, wliich were registered on irregular dates,
varied from 50° in the north and east of Scotland to
55° in ' England, N.W.' The lowest of the minima
which were recorded either at the commencement or
end of the period, ranged from 20° in ' Scotland, N.,'
to 30 in ' Ireland, S.,' and to .39° in the ' Channel
Islands.' Tiie changes in temperature during this
week were again somewhat frequent and sudden.

" The rainfall has been more than the mean in
all districts.

*' Bright sunshine has been more prevalent in most
places than it was last week, the percentage of the
possible amount of duration varying from 7 to 17 in
Scotland, from 12 to 27 in Ireland, and 13 to 31 over
England."

MEAN TEMPERATITRE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DCR-
DJO THE WEEK ENDING DEC. 31. (AVERAOE OF
FORTY-THREE YEARS.)

Dec. 25 ...

... 33°.4

Dec. 29

.. 37°.6

„ 26 ...

... 33°.!

„ 30

.. 37°.3

„ 27 ...
.. 28 ...

... 37°.8
... 37''.6

„ 31

Mean for the week

.. 37°.l
.. 37''.7

lARKETS.

COVENT GARDEN, December 22.

[We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly
every Thursday, by the kindness of severnl of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for tha
quotations. It must be remembered that these quota! ions
represent averages for the week preceding the dat»* of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the snmples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken u
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Thade somewhat better, but not to the extent of
the usual Christmas business. All goods well sup-
plied, but no alteration in prices. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market.

Plants in PoTa.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Azalea, per dozen ...30
Bouvardia. per dozen 9
Chrysanthemums,

per dozen 6

Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracsena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Epiphyllum. doz. ...18
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4

d. $. d.
0-18 0
0-12 0
0-12 0

0-18 0
0-24 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0
0-24 0
0-18 0

0-18 0
0-18 0

s.d. a.d.

per dozen 6 0-24 0

Firua elastica. e.ach . 1 6- 7 0
Foliage plants, vari

OU3, each 3 0-10 0

Hyacinths, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
Lilyof Valley, 12 pta.30 0-36 0
Marguerites, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0
Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ... 3 O 6 0
Poinsettias, doz. ...12 0-18 0
Primulasinensis, doz. 4 0-60
Solanum, per dozen . 9 0-12 0
Tulips (pots of), doz. 8 0-90

Cot FLOWEBS.— AVERiGE WH0LE3ALE PRICE?.

A.butilon9, 12 bun ... :
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. i
Azaleas, 12 sprays ...
Bouvardias, per bun. I
Camellias. 12 blms... ;
Carnations, 12 blms. :
Chrysanth., 12 bun. (
— large, 12 blooms :
Cyclamens, 12 blms. i
Eucharis, per dozen I
Gardeniaa. 12 blooms i
Heliotropes, 12 spr. i
Hellebore, or Christ-
mas, Kose, 12 blms. I
Hyacin.. Rom., 12 sp. i
Lily of Valley, 12 spr. :
Marguerites, 12 bun. :
Mignonette, 12 bun '

6- 1 0
0-4 0
0-3 0
0-18 0
0-6 0
6- 1 0
0-8 0
0-9 0

9-2 0
6- 1 0
0-2 0
0-6 0
0-6 0

Poinsetttia, 12 blms. 6 0- !

Narciss., paper white,
12 sprays ... ... 1 (

Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 S
— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 I

ngle, 12 bun.... 4
Roses, Tea, per doz. 1

— coloured, dozen. 2

— red, per dozen ... 2

— Safrano, dozen.,. 1
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9
Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 0
Tulips. 12 blooms ... 1
Violets, 12bunche3... 1

— French, bunch... 1

— Fr. Parme, bun. 3
White Lilac, French,

per bunch 6

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

6-4 0
0-4 0
0-3 0
0-2 0
0-12 0
9- 1 6
0-16
0- 1 6

. rf.

Apples, |-sieve ... 1 3- 3 6 Melons, each
Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 3 0 Pears, ^^ieve ... 2 6- 6 0

— Channel Isl.. lb. 1 0- 1 6 — French, dozen... 10-16
Kent Cobs. 1001b.. ..55 0- ... Pine-apple9,Eng.,lb. I 0- a 0
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 I —St. Michael, each 2 0-50

796

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembee 24, 1887.

I

Veqetables. — Ave

Artichokeg, p. doz.
Beans. Kidney, lb.
Beet, red, per dozen 1

0 9-

. 0 4- ...
0 B- ...

0 6-...

. 1 6- 2 (

1 0- 3 (
,2 0-...

Brus. Sprouts,
Carrote, per buneh..
Caulitlowerd. each ..
Celery, per bundle ..
Cucumbers, each ..
Endive, per dozen ..
Green Mmt, bunch..
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 ^ ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ...
Mushrooma, punnet 1 0- 1 C
POTATOS. — Regents, oOi. to ]

8",!.; Beauty of Hebrous,

per ton.

Mn-stard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Oniona, per bushel ... 6 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Potato's, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0- S 0
Rhubarb, per bundle 0 S- ...
Seakale, punnet ... 1 6- 3 0
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 B- ...
Spinach, per bushel... 3 0- ...
Sprue, per bundle.;... 1 0- ...
Tomatos, per lb. ... I 0- 2 0
Turnips, per bunch... 0 8- ...

3s. : Magnum Bonums, 50s. to

SEEDS.
London : December 21.— Messrs. John Shaw &
Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C.. de-
scribe to-day's market as being of quite a holiday
cliaracter. Business in farm seeds seems to be
generally postponed until the turn of the year.
Meantime prices all round continue tirm, and stocks
are for the most part witliin modei'ate limits.
Foreign Italian continues exceedingly scarce. Full
rates are asked for Trefoil. In bird seeds there is
no quotable variation. Blue Peas met with a slow
sale. More monev is asked for Haricot Beans.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week
ended December 17 : — Wheat, 31s. 2d.; Barley,
29s. Id. ; Oats, Ids. '2d. For the corresponding week
in 1886 :— Wheat, 33s. id. ; Barley, 2t)S. Id. ; Oats,
16s. Id.

FBTIIT AND VEGETABLES.

CoLOMniA : Decemler 2\. — Fairly goo,l supplies of
all kinds of market garden produce. Demand moder-
ate ; prices fair. Potato trade quiet. Quotations :
—Savoys, is. to I3s. per tally ; Cauliflowers, 45. to
lOs. do. ; Brussels Sprouts. 2^. to 25. Qd. per half-
sieve ; Spinach, winter, Is. 6(i. to 25. per sieve ;
Turnip-tops, Is. to Is. Gd. do.: Carrots, Is. 6d. to
2s. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 25. to Ss. do. ;
Greens, 2s. 6d. to 35. 3d. do. ; Beetroots, Is. 9(/. to
2s. %d. do. ; English Onions, 9s. to 10s. per cwt. ;
foreign, do., 7s. Hd. to 8s. per bag of 110 lb.; cook-
ing Apples, 25. ^. to 6s. (d. per bushel ; dessert
do., 3s. to Ss. do. ; American cooking Apples, 9s. to
14s. 6i per barrel; American dessert Apples, 10s. to
16s. do.

Stratford : December 20, — Good supplies of all
kinds of produce met with a brisk trade at the under-
mentioned prices : — Cabbages, 45. to 4s. 6cZ. per tally ;
Savoys, 9s. 6fi. to lis. do. ; Turnips, 2s. hd. to '6s.
per dozen bunches ; do., 30s. to 60s. per ton ;
Carrots, household, 3o5. to 45s. per ton ; do., cattle
feeding, 305. to 34s. do. ; Parsnips, 9(/. to Is. per
score ; Mangels, 17s. to 2l5. per ton ; Swedes, 20s.
to 245. do. ; Onions, Dutch, 65. to 7s. 'od. per bag ; do.,
German, 8s. Gd. to 9s. per case ; Apples, Knglish,
25' 6<i. to 6s. &d. per bushel ; do., American, 145. to
15s. per barrel.

POTATOS.

BoROCGH AND SpiTALFiELDs : Dcccmhcr 20. —There
are good supplies on offer, and a fair demand for best
samples, but very slack trade for all others. Quota-
tions : — Hebrous, 805. to 110s.; Regents, 60s. to
lOos. ; Magnum Bonums. 80s. to 90s; Champions,
60s. to 755. ; German Keds, 6O5. to 70s. ; Dutch
liocks, 5O5. per ton.

Columbia (East London) : December 21. — Quota-
tions : — Champions, 45s. to 6O5. ; Beauty of Hebron,
90«. to ,110s.; Kegenls, 505. to 65s. ; Magnums, 60s.
to 70s. per ton.

Stratford: December 20. — Quotations: — Scotch
Magnums, 75s. to 90s. ; Uegents, 755. to 85s. ; English
light land Magnums, 55s. to 70s. ; do. fenland, 45s.
to 50s, per ton.

Imports. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 5650 bags Hamburgh, 4019 llarlingen,
30 Flushing, 16 Kotterdam, and 1200 from Bremen.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of tiie
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Clover, prime, 8O5. to 98s. ;
inferior, 68«. to 825. ; hay, prime, 70i. tp fils.; inferior,
4.55. to fi8». ; and straw, 27«. to 40«. per load.

Write for Dr. ^■olcker■8 Report. Pamphlet. Testi-
nin,ii;,]4, .Tn,i rnstructions how to apply

JENSEN'S

Every j-raio fiTlili/ns be,-nu<e the Gu.ino ia perfretlv

pure. It IS mo-t cvouomical, one part of .M.Tiuire to

Hill p.irt3 of soil being ample for garden use.

FISHPOTASH

FISH POT.iSH contiiinsAmmnnia, rh,mpliates 1111,1

Potash ill large projKjrtioiis. «h.,h .ire Ui.' iiriu,iiial

elements of ftrtil

GUANO - 2-lb. Tins, Is. : in Bags, 7 lbs , 2s ;

14 lbs., 43. ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d. ; 56 lbs., lOs. 6d. ;

1 cwt., 16a. ; 2 cwt., 30s. Special terms for

larger quantities. Analysis guaranteed.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED.

109, Fenchurch Street, London, E.G.

To Nurserymen. Seed Merchants, and Florists.
T BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch-
tJ • angel Matslowerthananyotherhouseinthe trade : also
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags. Kaffia Fibre. Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and .S. Wormwood Street. E.C.

RIGBY, WAINWRICHT & CO.,

.V.J ,v r/-'. 1 c-r f 7iV.7,',s-,
Neptune Works, Manchester.

COTTON' wool. :,,„1 W.MiDINO for Florists
n.1,1 Niirs.rym.-n. .'i.-n,! for .Samplesand Prices.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S AKCHANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, ajid every other description

of Russian Mats.

RAFFIA FIBRE.

SPECIAL QVOTATION.S on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135. COMMERCIAL STREET. LONDON, E.

" Now for the golden >vi[i,. ,,f Kncli^h iii,-a,low7!
p. sp;irk]iiip bc:tk,-r .;,f li,|uid topaz

MOTT & CO.'S

GOLD MEDAL LEICESTERSHIRE
COWSLIP WINE,

of the fine 1887 vintage, is now perfect.
>W/4/?/CT'H0R0UGHLV GENUINE Wine. Pale,
brilliant, slightly sparkling, exquisite
colour, delicious flavour ; not too sweet.
Largely used for Dinner, Supper,
Dessert. Balls, and Picnics.
Excellent Nerve-soother for Neuralgia or Toothache.
Sold by Wine Merchauty and Grocers throughout Great Britain.
Exported to America, China, Australia. &c.
Pamphlet and List of Ag-'nts, post-free.
Price 169. per dozen, case, &c. included. Carriage paid on
two dozen. Sample Bottle, carriage free. 'la.

MOTT & CO., Wine Merchants, LEICESTER.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and dehvevM to ant/ Ijyndon Station.

100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed.

16 c

I.'ijby 8} tor 10/- tor 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- ,. H/- or 300 squares l.S ounce, 8 by 6,

15/6 or 260 squares 8} by 6}, or '^

19/- squares, 9J by 6J, or 170 squa

"" " ' "' ISO squares. 10 by 8,

11/-
13/-
17/6

220

13/- . ,
21/- „ 31/-

rje3.

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use.
in tins of I lb. to 14 lb., at 5rf. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLE.S.ILE LEAD AND GLASS WAKEHOUSE.

14. Moor Lane. Crlpplegate. London. EC.

CARSON'S PAINT

I'utroiiised bv Ifi.OOO of tlie Nobility. Uii.try
and Ojerpy. for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and OU Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Non-I'ui-.,i),,u» Paints for lu-i.le Work. Coiiwrvntories, &0.
Pri.w. patLTiis and T.-stinKininN. Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HHX, E.C. ;
BAOHELOE'S WALK, DVTilSli.- Discount for Cash.

KEEP OUT THE FROST.

Wright & Butler's

PRIZE MEDAL PORTABLE

iL£.I. SIZES. AX.X. PRICES.

UNIFORM TEMPERATURE
ALWAYS MAINTAINED.

WITH 03 WITHOUT THE

HOT-WATER ARRANGEMENT.

For Heafing the Grpenlioiist^ i.r rnn.=en'atory thpse Stoves
are a inarvol of utility. Tlit-y reqiiire no fixing and need
attention but once or twice each day ; can be tiimmed and
lighted la five minutes, and with no more trouble than that
required to trim and U?ht an ordinary table lump. A build-
in;? measuring- 20 by 15 feet can bs heated in an efficient
manner at a cost of one farthing: per hour. A^k your Iron-
monger for Illustrated Catalogue, which g-ives all particulars
concerning- these stoves. "Wlien pnrcbaainfr, insist upon having-
the genuine article with brass label attached I earing our name,
SfXANITFACTOR? : BIRnEINGHAM.

W'^i^mm^TTmmm^m

Eosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great dunibility. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
KITCHEN GARDENS,
;hey harbour no Slugs
[ii-teots. take up little
md once put dow
further labour or expeui
do"growu" Edgings,
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c.. in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety o£ design.

F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road. Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road. E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conaer\'atorie3, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c.,
from 3.t. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more ehiborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, Jfec.

N D,

C I L V E R S A

O fine or coarse grain aa desired. Price by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly exw-uted by Rail or to Wharvea.

A liberal Dlacoimt to the Trade.

I

December 2-i. 1887.]

THE GARDENEES' CHRONICLE.

797

Hot-water Pipes and
Fittings

OF E\'ERY DESCRrmON.
4 inch Pipes at Is. 6d. per yard.

SADDLE, VERTICAL,

and aU otber kinds of
BOILERS.

Improved Ventilating
Arrangement

~"" For GREENHOnSES, &C.

911 VF^TFR'^ PATENT STEEL TRENTHAM BOILER is far iha best, cheapest, and

wILV LU I Lll V most economical Hot-water Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring

perfect combustion saves fuel and prevents smoke, and the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly

prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees only.

HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected

complete ; efficiency guaranteed.

PUMPING MACniNERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, Sfc.

Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application.

CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE.

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-"™
CHAMPAGNE, "GEVENCEY," 30/-"o«"

ONLY TO BE HAD OF^

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

Children's...

... Is. id.

Hemstitched

_

Ladies' ...

... 2<. 4;i.

L.adies' ... .

. 2<. lljrf

Gents'

... 3!. id.

Gents' ... .

. 4s. lid.

USEFUL PRESENTS FROM IRELAND.

CAMBRIC
POCKET HANDKERCHIEFS.

Embroidered Handkerchiefs, from l5. each.
Pretty FANCY BOXES, suitable for half-dozens or dozens of Handkerchiefs.

IRISH DAMASK

TABLE LINEN.

Sanples and Illustrated Price Lists, post-free.

FISH NAPKINS, 2.S. Ud. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, 6s. 6d.
per dozen. Table Cloths, 2 yards square, 2s. lid. ; 2J yards by 3 yards,
Ss. Ud. each. Kit<.hen Table Cloths, lljd. each. Slronj Huckaback Towels,
4s. 6rf. per dozen. Monograms, Initials, &c.. Woven and Embroidered.

ROBIMSON & CLEAVER,

to H.M. the Queen and H.I. auC
of Germany,

BELFAST.

ROBIN SO N

AND

CLEAVER'S

MATCHLESS

SHIRTS.

Best Quality Long Cloth, with 4-fold
finest LinL^n Fronts. 35s. 61^. per half-doz,
(to measure or pattern, 2?. extra). Pat-
terns of materials used, also of newest
styles in Fancy Cotton, Flannel, Silk, and
Siik and Wool Sliirtinga sent free on ap-

OLD

SHIRTS

Price Lists and Samples of Linen Collars,
Cuffs, Handksrchiefs, Table Linen, and
all kinds of Linen Goods, post-free.

ROBINSON & CLEAVER

(Telegraphic Address : — " L I N E N "),
BELFAST.

made i

'ith be

material
bands, Cutfs and
Fronts, for 14s.
the half-dozen.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Please tend me " The Gabdbnebs' Chhonicle " for _
commeneina , for which I enclose P.O.O..

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

-— — — 1887.

___Months,

ST Please Note that all Copies sent Direct from this Office must tie paid for In advanra jn

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 .Months, 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. 6rf. ; 3 .Vlonths, 3s. M. • Post-free
rOBEION SUBSCRIFriONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. U. for 12 Months. India and China 19s 6<f
Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. '

P.O.O. to be made payable at the Post Office,
Wo. 42, DBXJKY LANE, London, to "W. BICHABDS. „ G.C,

Cheque* should be crossed " DRUMMOND," "

Dec. 24. 1887.

DEANE & CO,'S No. 9 RANGE OF HOUSES,

Prices given are for ERECTING CO.MPLETE (with brick-
work), within 15 miles of London Bridge,
Proportionate prices in any part of the Country,
Length, Width. Centre Part. Price. Estimates
24 ft. ... 8 ft. ... 10 ft. ... £43 10 for Heating
36 ft. ... 12 ft. ... 14 ft. ... £67 10 Apparatus on
60 ft. ... 12 ft. ... 14 ft. ... JBlOO 0 application.
ILLUSTRATED SHEETS of CoKSERViTORlES, Greek-
'ith Prices for Erecting and Heating, FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticullural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,
46A, K,ng WUlian, ^ ^ QJ^TJ) QN BRID GE.

T^v^iZ^tl \ CHARING CEOSS.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the
/f^ "V- Kingdom with Hot-water
w.^^^^>^ Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE
FREE.

PORTASLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without except!
Frame for Plant CJrowing. ^ud every
possess one
the boxes e

The sa.-, lies iuri

useful kind of
th a garden should
I right over one on to the other, and
th wedges, and can be taken apart
and prices, carriage paid to any station
u England, ready elazed and painted : —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 0
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, „ „ 4 1.5 0

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ ,, ,, 3 15 0

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ „ ti 10 0

The gl'ass i3 nailed and puttied in.

B. HALL;tDAY & CO.,

Hothoii-ff B-iilder^ and Enf^ineem.

ROYAL HOKTICULrrRAf, WORKS. MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

London A^ent : Mr. H. 3KELT0N. Seedsman, &c.,
2, HoUoway Road. N.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !

BOBEB'JS'S PATENT,

for OreeKiiouscB, Bedrooms, &c,

GREEMIOL'.'SES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without attention. EOBEKTS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common coal, or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses, Bedrooms. &c. Pamphlets, Drawings, and
authenticated Testimon nl?- sent. See in use at Patentee's,

THOKAS BOBEKTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

798

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Dbcembee 24, 1887.

THE gardeners: CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

. . £0 8 6
..090
..096
.. 0 10 0
. . 0 10 6
.. 0 11 0
.. 0 11 6
.. 0 12 0
.. 0 12 6
. . 0 1.3 0
. . 0 13 6

FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s.
If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s.
Page. £3; Half Page. £4 10s.: Column, £1.

4 Lines .

. £0

3

0

15

6 „ .

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3

6

16

6 „ .

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4

0

17

7 „ •

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4

6

18

8 „ .

. 0

5

0

19

0 ,. •

. 0

h

6

20

10 „ .

. 0

6

0

21

11 „ .

. 0

6

6

22

12 „ .

. 0

7

0

23

13 „ .

. 0

7

6

24

14 „ .

. 0

8

0

25

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 wordg. includiag name aiiJ JulJre-it. Is ^d.,

and 6rf. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-oJIices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
retiimed to the sender.

BiKTHS, Deaths and Marriage.^, 5s. each insertion.
Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the Office by

Thursda

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Month-?. 15s. ; 6 Months,

7S. 6d.: 3 Months, 3a. 9d.

Foreign (exceptins: India and China); including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d.

Post oltice Orders to be made payable at the Post tUEce,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C. to \V. RiCHARDS.

PoBLisHiNO Office and Office for Advertisements,

41. Wellinston Street, Strand. London. W.C.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERl

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, RC.

W. H. LASCELLES AND CO. will give E.timates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WuKk. Jree of charge, and
send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK matei ial in varioufl
coloura. Samples can be seen ard prices pbtairied at
121, Bunhill Row, J^ndon. E.G.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildinna, Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for W-IU, Vaths, and Stages,
•ent post-free on*applic3tion.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

W PETEUSandSONS, 44, Tenter St.,South,
• Goodman's Fields, London, E., are now .selling, at
extremely Low Prices, New Season's 'oest ((uality heavy fuU-
Bize Archangel MATS; also St. Petersburg MATS, Packing
ilATS, and BAEFXA, PricM on application to ubore addrwu.

FAWKES' Slow-combus-
tion HEATING APPARATUS
- FouRT

portant improvements introduced
Most efficient and cheapest in ex
istence. Requires no sunk stokehole
and no brick setting. Will last all
night without attention. Will burn
house cinders, therefore costs next to
MOthing for fuel. Any
A domestic servant can !

Boilers Delivered Carriage Paid
from £2 10s.

Numbers
use all ove

Only ' Sl3w
Combustion Ai>-
paratus of the
kind.

Beware oj in
affi.cient incom
plete Apparatus
which will not
last all night
Full particulars

every sized Ap-
paratus, and
Testi
ials for last

CROMPTON &. FAWK E S,

CHELMSFORD.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window CASES,

CAVES, WATERFALLS, WINDOW BOXES, AQUARIA,
ARTIFICIAL ROCKWORK for Ballrooms. Halls, SUircases,
&.C., temporarily erected and constructed, under personal
superintendence of

HARPHAM AND HOWES.

Horticultural Depot. 107. Church Street, Edgware Road, N.W.

Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free.

TAMWORTH RED PIGS.- -The Aylesbury
Dairy Company have young BOARS and SOWS forSALE,
from their celebrated herd of this valuable breed of pigs. See
Prize Lists Royal Agricultural Society of England. York,
Shrewsbury, Preston, Norwich, Newcastle. Over 200 of these
Pigs have been sold to Foreign Governments and other Buyers
abroad and in the United Kingdom since January 1, 1887.

For price and particulars, apply to the AYLESBURY DAIRY
COMPANY, Limited, Horsham, Sussex.

MADE WITH BOILINa WATER.

E P P S ' S

ORATETUL— COMFORTDJa.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOEUNQ MILK.

Injuries to Special Constables.

The Directors of the

KAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
COMPANY have agreed (hat gentlemen holding their
Policies of Assurance against AC IDENTS OF ALL KINDS
shall be covered against risk of assault in the discharge of their
duty when acting as Special Constables, without extra charge.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Office. 64, Comhill.

ADVERTISEMENTS
Inserted in the D.tlLYJVEWS and in all
LONDON, PROVINCIAL, and FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
Exceptional Terms for a Series.

CONTRACTORS for the SPECIAL. CORNER POSITIONS

On PAGES 2, 3, and 6 of the GLOBE.

The SPECIAL CORNERS of the EVENING STANDARD,

And the SPECIAL CORNERS on FRONT PAGE of the

PEOPLE.

Sole Agents for all Advertisements in the

OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT POLICE GAZETTE.

WILLING'S. 126, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Telegraph Address—" WILLING'S. London."
Telephone No. 2773.

FREDERICK L. MAY «&, CO.,

3 Pre«9 Gu

3.)

(PUBH3HEBS OF Mi

ADVERTISING AGENTS.

169, PICCADILLY,
London, W.,
RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London, Provincial,
Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other
Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre-
pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and
others on approval of references.

Special advantages to Large Advertisers.

Established 1850.

Only AddresK— 169, PlC0AI>Iia.T, London, W.

A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition.

l^OW READY.

VINES AND VINE CULTURE:

THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES
EVER PUBLISHED,

BY

ARCHIBALD F. BARRON,

SCPEKINTESDEST OF THE RoViL HORTICHLTUBJL SOCIETY'S

Gardens, Secretary of the Fruit Committee, fitc.

CONTENTS.

Historical Sketch.

Propagation of the Vine.

Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed.

Vine Borders : their formation, soils, &c.

Structures for Grape Growing.

Heating of Vineries.

Planting Vines : when and how to do it.

The General Management of Vineries.

Pruning and Training the Viue.

Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots.

Setting the Fruit.

Thinning the Fruit.

Keeping the Fruit.

Packing Grapes.

Pot Culture of Vines.

Fruiting Vines in Pots.

Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants.

Ground Vineries.

The Great Grapj Conservatory at Chiswick.

Vines on Open Walls.

Commercial Grape Culture.

Diseases and other Injuries.

Noxious Insects. ' . *■

.Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes.

The Classification of Grape Vines.

The Varieties of European Grapes.

The Varieties of American Grapes.

XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

XXU.

xxin.

■ XXIV.
XXV.
XXVI.

xxvn.

Phites I.-

■ JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE,

171, FLEET STREET. LONDON, E.C.

Demy Sto, Handsomely Bound In Clotb.
Price 6s. ; Post-free, 6s. 6d.

TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST,

A MONTHLY RECORD OF INFORMATION
FOR PLANTERS

Of Tea, Cacao. Cinchona. Coffee, fndiarnbber. Sugar. Palms,

Cotton. Cardamoms, Kola, Coca, Cinnamon, Nutmegs,

Fibrous Plants, and other Products suited

for Cultivation in the Tropics.

Published at Ofiserver Office. Colombo, Ceylon, on or about the

1st of each month. Commenced in June, 1881.
The "Tropical Agriculturist" has now an assured
position in its large circulation in Ceylon, Southern and even
Central and Northern India, the Straits Settlements. Sumatra,
Java, Borneo, Northern Australia, Queensland, Central
America, Natal, Mauritius, and the West Indies. From all
sub-tropical planting settlements we have had cordial approval
of the publication and an encouraging measure of support. The
English, Indian, and Colonial Press have spoken in commenda-
tory terms of the T. A., as also Directors of Public Gardens
from Sir Joseph Hooker. F.R.S., downwards, and so have all
Planters.

^" No Planter should be without it.

Rates of Subacriptlon, Including Postage, In advance :

£1 sterling. Rupees V2. Dollars 5.
Single Copies, 2^., or Rl ; Back Copies, 3s.. or R1.50.

Any one of the Four Volumes completed (1881-a, 1882-3,
1883-4, 1884-5), bound in cloth, lettered, with Comprehensive
Index, for £1 105. (or RI8), carriage prepaid.

THE TROPICAL AGRICCLTCTII.ST.

As a medium for English, American, and Australian
ADVERTISEMENTS of goods suitable for the tropica, India
as well aa Ceylon, the Straits Settlements, Java, and West
Indies (Central America being included in that term), or
connected with agriculture, the Tropical Agriculturist stands
unrivalled, the work being constantly in the hands of Native
as well as European and American Agriculturists. Being a
Monthly Periodical the Tropical Agriculturist lies on the
table and is very oft^n referred to during each month— a fact
which Advertisers will know how to appreciate.

Mr. W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S., C.M.G., Director of
Kew Gardens, writing of the T. ^., refers toit as" anastonishing
repertory of everything relating to the Economic Botany ol
the East." , , , a

l^ For the Sale of Plant.s, Seeds, Machinery. Implements,
&c., used in Tropical (Tea, Sugar. Fibres, &c.) Agriculture,
no better Advertising Medium exists.

Rates for Advertisements :—

[Nine words to a line].

Twelve Lines and under, per Line 9rf. (8 annas)

About Twelve Lines , 8d. (7 annas)

Quarter Page (once) ... 175. RIO ) 5 per Cent, off
Half ,, .. —^l 8s. R17 Mor each additional

Whole ,, £'^ Os. R24 } insertion

l^** For long contracts special reduction,?.
Communications respecting Advertisements and Subscription*

for the "Tropical Agriculturist " may be addressed to
A M. AND J. FERGUSON. Colombo.
J. HADDON AKD CO., 3, Bouverie Street, London, E.C.
g' street AMD CO., 30, Comhill, London, E.C.
Or Ag<:Qt8 in all parts of the World.

Deckmbeb 24, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

799

Now Ready,

THE GARDEN ANNUAL Almanac and
Address Book for 1888. The most complete and accurate
reference book for the use of all interested in gardens, contain-
ing Lists of the Horticultural Trade, the Principal Gardens,
Country Seats, and Head Gardeners in the United Kingdom, and
of the American Trade. New Plants, Fruits and Vegetjibles, and
much other useful information. Price, Is.; post-free. Is, 3d.,
of all Booksellers, Newsagents, and Nurserymen, or from the
Publishing Office— 37. Southampton Street, Strand, W.C.

Important ;to Gardeners. Amateur and Professional.

FIFTY-FIRST YEAR OF PUBLICATION.
Just Ready, price One Shilling.

G LENNY'S ILLUSTRATED GARDEN
ALMANAC and FLORISTS' DIRECTORY for 1888,
containing : —
_ SEVERAL ORIGINAL PAPERS on subjects of interest and
importince to Gardeners, including Garden Pests, and how to
deal with them— The Storage of Rain Water— Good things for
Gardeners, Professional and Amateur— The Calendar for the
Year— Directions for Garden Work from Month to Mouth— A
List of Novelties in Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables brought
out in 1886. with a carefully revised list to date of all Nursery-
men, Seedsmen, Fruit Growers, and Florists throughout the
United Kingdom.
London : WARD, LOCK, and CO., Salisbury Square, E.C.

Cheap Edition.

GOLDEN GATE. Mr. Shirlfa- IIibberd's
Phantasy of Fact and Fiction, Philosophy and Fun,
Stories, Fables, Verses, Sense, Nonsense, and Incense. Price
2$. 'od., post-free.

E. W. ALLEN. 4, Ave Maria Lane, E.C.

THE SYDNEY MAIL.

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS —

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTINO and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S
LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved especi-
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NATUR.A.L HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL. HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and 5IINIXG generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TAXES by POPUL.tR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN
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THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS

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COMMERCIAL NEWS.

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SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 80, Coruhill, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street. E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Building.^.
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Edinburgh ... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.
Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange

^^ Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.

EVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE

et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Eeview)— 13th year. — Amongthe principal Contributors are —
A. Allard, E. Andre. C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Crepin,
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin. B. Oliveira,
H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert
Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van VoUem, H. J. Veitch, A West-
mael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom :— One year
143. pavable in advance.

Publishing Office : 134, Rue de Bnixelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,

The Tady

iSfi

Estate Sales.

The best County medium for Advertising Sales of

THE WORCESTER HERALD, the largest
and leading County paper. Extensive circulation among
the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining
counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for relerence
antl distribution, plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues
of Machinery, Furniture, Books, and other property advertised
in the colums of the ^yorceste^• Herald. Specimen copies sent
free. Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d,

Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester.

Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects.

THE WORCESTER HERALD is the most
effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of
this class. It is the largest and leading Agricultural paper in
the county, and circulates most extensively among Agricul-
turists in and around Worcestershire. Specimen copies free.
Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d,

Offices, 73, High Street, Worcester.

Farms to be Let.

LAND AGENTS, ESTATE IIANAGERS. and all having Farms

to Let. would do well to Advertise in

T^HE WORCESTER HERALD, the Largest

X and Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for
bringing such notices before Tenant Farmeis. Large Circula-
tion, moderate charge. Specimen free. Price 2rf. Published
Friday for Saturday.

Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester.

WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER.— A
strong active single man. Wages 18s., and a furnished
room. Abstainer preferred.— G., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

WANTED, a young MAN, with a knowledge
of Orchids.— Appiv by letter only, with references, to
W. VICARY, Sudbury House Gardens, Great Church Lane,
Hammersmith, W.

WANTED, a strong married MAN, without
family, for a small Nursery. Ferns, Bedding Stuff.
House to live in.— A. G., 10, Burleigh Street, Strand. W.C.

WANTED IMMEDIATELY, an INVOICE
CLERK. Character must bear strictest investigation.
—Apply by letter only, stjlting age, experience, salary ex-
pected. &c., to .lOHN LAI.NG and SONS, Seedsmen, Forest
Hill. London, S.E.

aABDENING APPOINTMENT.

Mr. G. Edwaeds has been appointed Head
Gardener to Sir James Duke, of Layton,

Sussex.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL OR DERS.~To Advertisers, SiibxcTibers, and
Others.~It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be /lied in .payable to No. 42, DRURY LANE,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the numbtr of a Postal Order is
/mown, and it has beat made payable at a particular office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

A'.Zf. -The btst and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

NOTICE TO ADVERT I SERS.-In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement which they ivish repeated.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAiJ, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the abovi

SCOTCH GARDENERS.

—John Downie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-
engagements. He will be pleased to supply full particulars
to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
bejg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
tc. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited. The Vineyard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at present in a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GARDENER, and also another MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, has had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Both men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married;
twenty-two years' experience — fourteen years as Head
Gardener. Thoroughly understands Gardening in all branched ;
also Land and Stock.— C. WOKSLEY, Harpenden, Herts.

r^ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle-

V_>^ man requiring a thorough practical man. — Age 37,
' — ■'■■ •--' ■ ■ -J. D., School Street,

GARDENER (Head).— Ago 32; eighteen
years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruits,
Flowers, and Vegetables, also Flower and Kitchen Gardens.
Excellent character and testimonials. Charles Arthur ToUoy .
—Apply Mr. CYPHER, Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham.

ARDENER (Head); age 40, married.—

Fkederick Tho.mson, seven years Head Gardener to
Wtn. Baring, Esq., is open for an engagement with any Lady
or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical Head Gardener.
First-class Fruit and Plant Grower. Most reliable testimonials.
Leavingthrough reductionin the establishment. —FREDEKICK
THOMSON, Norman Court Gardens, Dean, near Salisbury.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married.—

R. Gilbert will be happy to recommend a thorough
practical man, who has practised Gardening in both England
and Scotland. He is well up in all matters relative to Horti-
culture. Now in the prime of life. Strong, healthy, and
willing.— For full particulars and testimonials, apply to
R. GILBERT, Burghley, Stamford.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three others are kept.— W. H. Divem, Head Gardener
to J, T. Hopwood, Esq., Ketton Hall, Stamford, will be pleased
to recommend his Foreman to anyone requiring a first-rate
Fruit Grower, and an honest and respectable servant.

ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—

A Gentleman wishes to recommend a thoroughly good
Gardener; very induatrious, active, and trustworthy; very
tasteful in the Arrangement of Plants in Conservatory. &,c. ;
excellent Grower of Chrysanthemums. Begonias, and Flower-
ing Plants generally; Early and Late Forcing. &c.— G.
FOSTER, J. R. Saunders, Esq., East Cliff, Teignmouth.

ARDENER (Head Working, ot Singlk-

HANDED).— Married ; fifteen years in last situation.
Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches.
—CHARLES CAPLING, Bedhampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Head Working, where two
or three are kept, or good Single-handed).— Age 27;
well up in all branches. First-class character.— W. HUTT,
The Gardens, Lovel Hill House, Winkfield, Windsor, Berks.

OREMAN, in the Houses; age 26.— Mr.

Thomas King, Gardener, Devizes Castle, will be pleased
to recommend an active and intelligent man as above.
Tliirtcen years' experience, with excellent character.— Address
.Ks above.

N' URSERY FORMAN.— Eighteen years' ex-
perieuce. Good Propagator and Grower ; well up in
Wreaths, Crosses, Rouqjictd, and Floral Decorations. Good
reference. — H. J., Barkby, near Leicester.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard and
Soft-woofled Plants. — Age 2.'); good references. — Please
state wages rmd full particulars to JOSEPH HOLMES, Kings-
down, "urwasi.. Hawkhurst, Sussex.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant), Indoors, in a
good Nursery —Age 24 ; eleven years' experience. Good
references.— Please state full particulars to E. CARDWELL
Handsworth, Sheffield.

TOUKNEYMAN, under a Foreman ; age 23.—

tf The Dowager Lady Freake wishes to recommend a

''pO NURSERYMEN. — Mr. John Symons,

-L Manager for the last seven years to Dickson & TurnbuU,
Perth Nurseries, has resigned his situation, and will be glad to
treat with anyone requiring his services. He can be thoroughly
recommended by several ot the leading firms in England and
Scotland.— Wellvpood Cottage, Barnhill, Perth.

MANAGER or SHOPMAN. — Age 35;
eighteen years' experience in all branches. Highest
references. — C. M.. Charles Turner. Royal Nurseries, Slough.

SHOPMAN (Assistant), or IMPROVER.—
Nearly fou.*" years' experience. Good references. Salary
moderate, with go^l opportunity of improving. — C, GREEN-
WOOD, 48, St. George's Street, Canterbury.

SEED TRADE.— Young man (age 19) ; about
four years' experience in shop and Warehouse Work.
Salary moderate. References.- PETER DUN, 1, James Street
Stirling.

Seed Trade.

CLERK and ASSISTANT BOOK-KEEPER,
at present wi;,h Wholesale London House, desires
an engagement as above. Excellent testimonials; moderate
[salary.— G. A., A1. vVaddon New Road, Croydon.

FOOTMAN, under a Butler. — Situation
wanted immediately by a young man who can have two
and a half years* good character.— W. GOBEY, R. A, C ,

HOLLO W.^Y'S PILLS.— Liver, Lungs, and
Kidneys.— Most diaea-ses of these depurative organs arise
from obstructions, over the removal of which these celebrated
Pills exercise the most perfect control. A course of them is
strongly recommended as a remedy for such chronic affections
as liver enlargements, congestion of the lungs, torpidity of the
kidneys, and other functional disorders -which cause much
present Buffering, and, if neglected, lay the foundation of
organic diseases. HoiloHey's Pills are specially adapted for
the young and delicate; their gentle and purifying action
ranks them above all other medicines. In indigestion, nervous
affections, gout and rheumatism these Pills have achiavtd for
themselves universal fame. Th«y expel all impurities from tht
blood, and thus r««tor« ch««)rfuln*3A and rigour.

800

THE GAB DENE RS' CHBONIGLE.

[Decembeh 24. 1887.

CONTBACTOBS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAB. DEPABTMENT.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.

(Telegraphic Address—" Hot 'Water," London; Telephone, No. 4763), have the Largest and Most Complete Stock in the Trade.

THE NEW

HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER.

This Boiler is made in several sizes from 6 feet 6 in.
long, and is fitted with Water Bars, as sliown in the
illustration. The Furnace Door being hung upon the
front of Boiler is complete in itself, thus ensuring the
acme of simplicity in fixing.

CAST-IRON SADDLE BOILER,

WITH WATERWAY END,
and every other Boiler of known merit, kept in Stock.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, Price Is
Price LIST on application, free.

HOT-WATEB PIPES, CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

HOT-WATEB and HOT-AIB APPABATUS Erected Complete, or the Materials supplied.

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, caU Special Attention to their

PATENT WROUGHT-IRON MUNICIPAL OR ANGULAR CHAMBERED AND TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

SADDLE BOILERS,

With VFATERWAY B.4CKS nnd WELDED BOILERS, any of which are specially aJui.tcd for HeatinR Greenhouw. Con^erratorie- Churches CLaDeU
School., Public liuiU.ng.. Entrance Hall.. Warehouse. Workshops, &c. Th.-y are the neatest, cheapest, most effective: and durable of' any e"tau,.'^
The MlWIClPALnnd Tl'BVLAKonis ure remarkablepr their great heating fewer, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will bum without rei/uiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE a SILVER MEDAL, at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881.

The longitudinal Motion gi\

SECTIONAL PLAN,
box, water space end V-shaped back.

MBl
MB2
MBS
MB4
UB 5

SIZES AND PRICES

3 ft. 2 in. long by 3 ft. 0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep

8

by 2
by 2
by 3
by 4

Calculated to
heat 4-in. piping

1000 ft.

1280

2200

4000

7000

Price £15
21

32
60
85

it has p<

I have nc
Mmsiu.. THO.

by 2
,. lays
,, by 3
„ by 3

T E S T I i\I O N I A L S.

>rouwh Engineer's Office, Municipal BtiiMings, Leeds. January 9, 18i
r Ht'iitins; Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.
? from IJ ID. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections. Sec. The b
iperature required, eveti in the coldest weather.

of tliem fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the con
a. Gentlemen, youra truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Eugiuee

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November lOth, 18S6.
a la.st year i« doing: its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5,000 feet of 4-inch, pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that
t compares favourably with my other Boilers.

. , o well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.

GHEE.S AND 3l).\\ Ltd., LF.KDS. Youm faithfully. (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD.

AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REaiHRED.

Messes. THOS. GREEX axd SOX. Ltd., KORTH STREET. LEEDS. Re HEATING APPARATUS.

Gestlemk.v,— I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency miJ stiti^facturv workiug of the Hot-w
The buildings are four storeys high, and, we have a total length of about 2a.000 feet of piping in them, varying in

officer and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the
Two of your Patent Municipal I'attern Boilers, No. 4. work the whole of this piping easily, although we have th

tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of Lhem and the apparatus so favourably.

Gentlemev.— The large Municipal Boiler which you sent r

" " * "' ' Tiuch great^-r length, while in co-<t of fuel

your Boilers iu u-ie. ,ind I cannot speak

4 flhouIH be a'ld r

Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street. Covent Garden, Londoe. W.C.

Print*-! by Willi* w Rica&Rnt, at thn Office of M^ssr^. BRiDBtniT, Aoi?bw i Co., Lomb.ini Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Citvof London, in t 'O County of Middlesex, and publi^he-1 by tb«
•aJd William Hioharos. at th« OfBoa. 41. WelUnrtan dtrwt. P«-.^ of St. Paurs, Ooveat GKrdoa. in the said Oouoty.— SAruaoAT, December 24, 1S87. Agent for Moncheater-JoKH Hctwood.

Established i84i

No. 53.— Vol. II. {g^.} SATUEDAY, DECEMBEK 31, 1887.

[Regt. as a Newspaper. ( P" ' ^ E 3d.
" «• r j^ Post-free, 3Jd.

CONTENTS.

814

Acacia, Australian spe

cies of

Amaryllis 818

Apples imported 807

Arilisia mamillata ... 810
Ashridge, notes from ... 817
Avenue trees ... 815. 817

Buxus balearica 818

Chrysanthemum shows,

judges at

Clematis vitalba 817

Conifers at Hafodunos ... 818

Cypripedium prsestans ... 814

Disaracemosa 809

Eichornea azurea ... 816

Florists' flowers 811

Foreign correspondence . 815

Fruits under glass ... 811

Gardening appointment 823

Hardy fruit garden ... 811

Honey trade 810

Lathyrus ctnmleus ... 816
Licuala grand;

ery

Mandevilla suaveoleus,

pods of 816

Muscats, the Longleat ... 817
Obituary ; —

Spary, E 820

Orchid houses, the ... 811

„ society, an 814

Oranges, growing ,.. 817

Phalasnopsis Lowii ... 816

Phyllosera laws 814

Plant portraits 814

Plants and their culture 811
Populus pyramidalis

810

Meetensis

Roses

Societies-
Aberdeen Seed and Nur-
sery Trade
„ Natural History .

Strelitzia regina var. ci-
trina

Sulphurous vapours, ac-
tion of on plants

Weather

Year, events of the

Illustrations.

Cypripedium prpcstans

Ardisia mamillata

Mandevilla suaveolens. pods of

Back Numbers of the " Gardeners' Clironlcle."
NOTICE. — On and after January -J, 188S, all
Back Numbers of the " Gardetiers Chronicle "
will be of the uniform Price of 3d. each.

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances tchaterer, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertiseinents occupying less space than an
entire column.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers
of the " Gardeners^ Chronicle" from January 1
of this year are still to be had.

Now ready, tn cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1887.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY, Royal Aquarium, Westminster.

The MID-WINTER EXHIBITION will be held on WED-
NESDAY and THURSDAY, January 11 and 12. CHRY'SAN-
THEMUIMS, PRIMULAS, CYCLAMENS, SOLANUMS, &o.
MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBrPS speciaUy invited. Schedules
and all particulars of WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.

Frampton Park Nurgeriea, Hackney.

ENUINE SEEDS. — Vegetables, Flowers,
Potatos, &c. Descriptive LIST also of my Jubilee
Begonias, to be issued in a few days.

JOHN R. BOX (for ten years J. Laing's sole partner), Surrey
Seed Stores. Croydon.

When Science and Practice go Hand In Hand

Success is a Certainty.

GILBERT'S SURPASSEE TOMATO draws
a smile even from Dr. Masters — gee Gardeners' Chronicle ;
a hearty "Hearl Heart" from Henry Cannell; three cheers
from Stephen Castle ; -whilst Messrs. Bennett and Barrett add
the musical Hips I 1

Is. per packet ; enclose 13 stamps which will ensure a packet
being sent. Write for CATALOGUE of Novelties to
R. GIXBERT, Burghley, Stamford.

CARNATION " GLOIRE DE NANCY,"
without doubt the grandest Carnation ever sent out for
Cut as well as Conservatory and the Open Border. Flowers
from 2 to 3 inches acioss, pure [white, and strong Clove-
scented. More robust than the old red Clove, and freer. Good
rooted Layers, 25s. per 100, 15s. for 50, 8s, for 25. Cash with
order. E. COLLINS and SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery,
Willesden Junction, London, W.

L ILIUM AURATUM.— The Finest Bulbs.—
CARTERS' direct importations of this charming hnrtiy
Lily are obtainable at the following low prices, direct from
the importers, plump and sound as English-grown Roots: —
Price 4s.. 6s., 9s., 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen, carriage free.

CARTERS', Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to
H.M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
237 and 238, High Holborn. London, W.C.

PALM SEEDS.— Write for Special Offer to
the Trade, and samples, to
H. DAMMANN, Jun., Ereslau, Germany.
Fresh to band now are Areca, Kentia, Phoenix, Ravenala.
Sabal, &c. ; also Araucaria imbricata.

Garden and Flower Seeds, Spring BiUbs, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun.
• Haarlem, Holland.

WHOLESALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had

free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON. 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

L ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
bulbs, 4s., 6s., 9s., 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen ; extra
strong, 3Us. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BtTLL'S Establishment for New and Bare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

AIDENHAIR FERN, K per dozen

bunches. Always ready. Terms cash.
TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-OQ-Thames.

M

CHRYSANTHEMUM, "MRS. C. CAREY."—
Latest and best pure White for Cut Bloom. Cuttings per
100 or 1000 on application.— W. GILL, Catel Nursery, Guernsey.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE of 1000 new and old varieties considered worth
cultivation, with Cultural Directions, by E. Molyneui, written
specially for this Catalogue. Post-free four stamps.

ROBERT OWEN. Floral Nursery, Maidenhead.

Begonias a Specialty.

LAING'S BEGONIA SEED.— Awarded Four
Gold Medals. From Prize Plants. Unequalled quality.
Choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. Gd., and bs.
per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named varieties, separate,
6s. 6rf. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Order direct from us, to procure the
genuine seed.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E.

Notice of Removal

WILLIAM UENMAN, Hobticultdral
Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C, REMOVES from
44a to 7, CATHERINE STREET, on DECEMBEK 31, where all
communications should be Addressed.
Registered Address for Telegrams— " EHCHARIS, LONDON."

SQUELCH AND BARNHAM,
North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN TO DIS-
POSE OF any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES,
TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW-
BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices
obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly or as preferred
by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. P.eferences given.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NUBSERTMZN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) Receive and
Dispose of any quantity of above at best Market Prices.
Boxes, &c., supplied. — Address, Commission Department,
HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C.

United States Tropical Nursery Company, Trinidad.

WANTED, CATALOGUES
and BOTANICAL and HORTICULTURAL PAPERS.

WHITE VIOLETS.— Wanted, the Address
of any one who will Supply Cut Flowers of these, in
small quantities, weekly.
Address No. 161, Keith & Co., Advertising Agents, Edinburgh.

SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1888.
Now ready, I5., post-free, or gratis to Customers ordering
goods value 20s. and upwards. Beautifully illustrated with
coloured plates and numerous engravings, and containing
accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, ana
Flowers, together with Practical Hints on Garden Management.
Will be pronounced the finest work of its class ever issued.
SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

Clearance Sale.

BULBS for Spring and Summer Blooming.
All in fine condition. Prices greatly reduced. Price
LIST free on application.

BARR AND SON. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C.

Natal, South Africa.

BULBS, TUBERS, ROOTS.— A Wholesale
CATALOGUE of select Native Plants cultivated by the
undersigned is now ready, and will be forwarded free on appli-
cation. Orders booked for spring delivery.

R. W. ABLAM, Maritzburg, Natal.

c

HOIOE GERMAN

FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS.

CATALOGUES free on application.

FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany.

FOR fine Specimen STEPHANOTIS FLORI-
BUNDA, also good young bearing PEACH TREES, late
varieties, to average y^ ft. in height, 11^ ft. in width, apply to
R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.

White Lilac.

WHITE ENGLISH LILAC, Forced and Sold by

KDROST, Kew Nursery, Richmond, S.W.,
• and 30, Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C.
Any quantity to be had at a minute's notice.
Telegraphic Address— "DEOST, RICHMOND, SURREY."

UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,

Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, beg to offer CHIONO-
DOXA LUCILLE (Glory of the Snow), strong home-grown
Bulbs, true to name, 40s. per 1000.

General Trade CATALOGUE Free on application.

DIANTUM CUNEATUM.— A few thousand

to dispose of, very strong and healthy, in thumb-pots,
£7 per 1000.

WM. MITCHELL, Nurseries, Enfield Highway.

TRY ROSES from a COLD CLIMATE.—
Unequalled for hardiness, strength, and fibrous roots.
Seventy-five First Prizes awarded this season at leading shows
in England and Scotland. Send for CATALOGUES to
JAMES COCKER AND SONS. Rose Growers, &c., Aberdeen.

A Few Large Healtliy

PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate
disposal — Latania borbonica. Seaforthia elegans,
ChanoEerops excelea, and PhCEuix reclinata — from 10s. per pair.
GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill. London, N.

To the Trade.

NUTTING AND SONS'
Wholesale CATALOGUE of GARDEN and FLOWER
SEEDS for 1888, has been Posted to all their Customers. If
not duly received please inform them, and another shall be sent,
106, Southwark Street, London. S.E.

NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers,

France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections
of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CA-
MELLIAS. ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES,
&c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from
Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the
Universal Exhibition at Paris 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL,
90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

Lazton's Bedford Seeds.
OOit IN PRIZES.— Exhibitors should send for

(^^f J T. Laxton's LIST of upwards of 100 Novelties and
Specialties in Vegetables and Flowers, the best only selected
for ijuality and e^ibition, with particulars of prizes.
T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.

UONYMUS.— 20,000 : all nice bushy wel
grown specimens, 9 to 30 inches, 165. to £l per 100
about 150 large ones, 35. Gd. to &s. each.

J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm, West Brighton.

802

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decejibee 31, 1887.

SALES BY AUCTION.

variety).

For Sale without Reserve.

The Consignment, including numerous very large masses.

MESSRS. PRUTHEKOK and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C., on TUESUAY
NEXT, January 3, 1888, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a
magniflcent consignment of 2000 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX-
ANDR.E, collected and sent home by Mr. Schmidtchen, received
in splendid condition, and including numerous unusually large

The Sale will also include a choice selection of beautifully
grown ESTABLISHED OKCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Nert.

50,000 LILIUM AURATUM

Immense Importation from Japan, for SALE without reserve.

IMPORTAVT TO THE TRADE.

In lots of 500 each, and also in cases as received.

MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on WEDNES-
DAY NEXT, January 4, 1888, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday and Saturday Next.

SALES of E.NULISH-OKMW.N I.ILIKS, CARNATIONS,
PICOTEES, Standard and Dwarf KdSES, GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, PALMS, FERNS, LILIUM AURATUM, and a
great variety of Plants and Bulbs fur the Garden and Green-
house, together with a large assortment of DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on WEDNESDAY
and SATURDAY NEXT, January 4 and 7, at half-past
12 o'clock each day.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

New and very fine ORCHIDS from the Roraima Mountain.
CATTLEYA LAWRENCEANA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.,
on FRIDAY NEXT, January 6, at half-past 12 o'clock, a
splendid consignment, just to hand, of this beautiful CATT-
LEYA, in the best possible health, well furnished with leaves
and sound dormant eyes. C. LAWRENCEANA is eitremely
rire in its native country, and one of the finest of the genus.
It has received the award of the Certificate, and has been the
admiration of all beholders, being the most lovely formed and
gliwing of all Cattleyas.

Also a wonderful mass, in grand health, with over 100
growths, of

OYPRIPEDIUM SCHOMBURGKLANUM,

This extremely rare species was discovered by Richard
echomburg, as far back as 1842, and described as a new sweet-
scented Cypripedium. No plant, however, came to this country
alive. In growth the plant resembles Pearcei, and will be
found of easy culture. Fine healthy plants of CYPRIPEDIUM
Bpecies probably a variety of LINDLEYANUM, together with
fine importations of the scarce ZYGOPETALUM ROSTRATUM.
BRASs'lA, probably new, SCUTICARIA species, BIFRE-
NARIAS, HUULLETIAS, MAXILLARIAS, ONCIDIUM
JONESIANUM, ONCmlUM species, SACCOLABIUM CCE-
LESTE, and many other fine ORCHIDS.
' On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tlmrsday Next.— (Sale No. 7589.)

6000 Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. L. A. RUBRO-
VITTATUM, L. SPECIOSUM, ALBUM, ROSEUM, and
RUBRUM, and many other LILIES, just received from
Japan in the finest possible condition ; an immense assort-
ment of Home-grown LILIES, including most of the
leading varieties, a choice collection of IRIS, LILY OF
THE VALLEY, in Crowns and Clumps, BORDER
PLANTS in quantity, several thousaud South African
TUBEROSES, DUTCH BULBS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above
by AUCTION, at his Great Booms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, January 6. at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday, January 18.
CATTLEYA EXUNIENSIS. spl h.l plant of the fine long-
leaved variety, in l,>-iiii-li pun. m tlower.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Booms, 3«. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, January 18,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Orchids In Flotrer and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud will
take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden,
W.C, on WEDNESDAY, January 18, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, and he will be glail if gentlemen desirous of entering
plants for this Sale will send list as soon as possible.

To Florists and Others.
The LEASE of a NURSERY at .Mitcham with the TENANT'S
ERECTIONS, in one lot ; and the SI'OCK in about
150 lots. By order of the Official Receiver in Bankruptcy,

M'^ESSRS. COOK AND SMITH will SELL by
AUCTION, at the Premises, Ravensbury Cottage,
Morden Lane, Mitcham, on FRIDAY, January 6, 1888, at
1 o'clock precisely, the LEASE and TENANT'S ERECTIONS,
viz. ;— Three Glasshouses, two Boilers, Piping, Sec, in one
tot ; and afterwards, in lots, the FLORIST'S STOCK, com-
prising 600 Standard Rose trees, in pots ; 1800 Callas, 850
Ferns. 2000 stock Geraniums, Azaleaa, Fuchsias, &c.
Auction Offices —
47 and 48, King William Street, London,

FOR SALE, a SMALL NURSERY, SEED
and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, in a first-rate locality ; good
Jobbing connection. Price low to immediate purchaser.
Apply to F. R. BRUCE, Uibridge Road, Ealing Dean,

TTOR SALE, FLORIST, SEED, and NEWS-

-1J AGENT'S BUSINESS. Flourishing Town. Good posi-
tion. Low rent. Greenhouse, Frames, Plants, Fixtures, jE3o.
ALPHA, White Hart Inn, Maidstone,

TO BE Sold, in the immediate neighbour-
hood of the best manufacturing towns, a SEED. FLOWER,
and FRUIT SHOP.

Address, J. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

''PO LET, on Lease, a SMALL NURSERY,

lies south of Manchester. Stock at valuatio
Apply, Mr. GILLIBRAND, 8, Robert Street. Roodeu Lane,
MauL'hester.

THE ROCKS at BATTERSEA PARK,
said to be a true imitatiou of Nature but alluwrii
to be overgrown, and the other so called good exaniiih's at
HIUHNAM COURT and BEARWOOD,
recorded iu this Journal recently, were all executed by

PULHAM AND SON,

BROXBOURNE.

ORCHIDS.

An immense Stock.

Thousands Showing for Bloom.

NEW CATALOGUE
ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS,

Free on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYAED ct NURSERIES,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL.

I L( )LKSALi: "ISEED " CATALOCJUE.—

We lutvL- uuu published our Wholesale; CATALOGUE
of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also the best
Novelties of the season. May be had on application. Any of
our Customers not having received one by Post "will oblige by
letting us know, when another shall at once be posted.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON. Seed and Bulb Merchants.
Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C. Seed and Trial

Grounds : Feltham and Twickenham, Middlesex.

SEAKALE for FORCING, superior selected
Crowns. 80s. per 1000; under 500. 9s. per 100. Orders t«
be accompanied by cheque or Post-office Order.

ALFRED ATWOOD, Grower, 51, Shillington Street, Bat-
tersea, S.W.

To the Trade.

SEED POTATOS.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to make
• special offers of their carefully selected stocks of
SEED POTATOS. raised on their own farms expressly for seed
purposes. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

W GORDON, Importer of Orchids from
• all parts of the world. Au immense Stock of
recently imported plants compels a Sale of the Established
Plants to make room. These have not yet flowered, but are
all flowering plants, and must be sold at a great sacrifice.
Very valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great
bargain?*. See Public Journals for high prices recently ob-
tained. The special offer affords a paying investment to anyone
with glass at command which should not be overlooked. Such
plants may never again be offered to the Public and the
Trade.

LILIUM AURATUM. for Christmas presents. Fourth
arrival of 6000 bulbs, the best that money can buy, id., 6d.,
9rf., Is.. Is. 6rf. Specially imported ne plus ultra bulbs, 2s. 6(/.
each. Very liberal allowance to the Trade.

LILIUM ALBUM KRAETZERI. the most lovely white
Lily grown — throws seven to ten flowers, which sell in market
at 2s. per dozen ; beautiful and rare, Is. each. 10s. per dozen.

LILIUM SPECIOSUM RUBRUM CRUENTUM. the dark
form of this lovely Lily, most exquisitely marked, Is. each,
10s. per dozen.

LILIUM AURATUM PLATYPHYLLUM RUBRO-VITTA-
TUM. crimson, striped with gold; VIRGINALE, pure white,
and spotted, with gold baud. All these lovely new and distinct
forma of Auratura, suitable for show purposes, very fine bulbs,
5s. each.

LILIUM HARRISri. 10s. per dozen; and all other LILIES
equally cheap. Banksian Silver Medal awarded August. 1887.

JAPANESE NOVELTIES, BO varieties ; IRIS, Tree
PEONIES, MAPLES. CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS. Please
apply for special offer to

W. GORDON, The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twicken-
ham, Middlesex.

2 000 000 SCOTCH F I li

■^^V/V/Vi)VVV/ (Oiiaranteed Genuine Native Hiftli-
land).— 2-yr. Seedlings, Is. ad. per 1000, £6 per 100,000. Trans-
planted, 8 to 18 ins. ,6t. per 1000, £28 per 100,000; 12 to 18 ins.,
6s. 6d. per 1000. *30 per 100,000 ; 18 to 24 inches, 7s. per 1000,
£33 per 100,000. All otlier FOREST TREES extraordinarily
cb«ap. Post Samples Free, or 500 as Sample at price quoted.
WISEMAN, Nurwryman, Elgin, N.B.

The above is now ready, and will
be forwarded Gratis and Post-free to
all applicants.

N E W- G E N U I N E-R E L I A B Is E.

JARMAN'S SEEDS,

POST-FREE or CARRIAGE PAW.
Large Illustrated Catalogue sent free on application.

THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN

(REGLSTEREl.).

CHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign

sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.

Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH &. CO.,

WORCESTER.

Only to the Trade.

J. C. SC H M I DT,

Nurserymim and Seedsman to Uis Majesty the
Emperor of Germany,

ERFURT, GERMANY,

CENERArTRADTiAfALOCUE

OF SELF-GROWN BEST ERFl'RT FLUWER

AND VEGETABLE SEEDS,

at moderate prices, is now published, and will be forwarded

post-free ou application.

Bbcbbbeb 31, 1887.]

THE GARDENEHS' CHRONICLE.

803

RUIT TREES.

10.000 VICTORIA PLUMS.
5.000 tilSBORN I'LI'MS.
6.0(X1 PRINCE OF WALES PLITM9.
6,000 FARLEIQH PROLIFIC DAMSONS.
30,000 of other good sorts.
20.000 PEARS, in 60 sorts.
40.000 APPLES, in 100 sorts.
Brompton, Brussels, and Common PLU.M STOCKS,
strong, 2-yr. wood

FLETCHER BROS.. Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey.

CHUVSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best
unil newest, strong Cuttings from general collection,
now ready. Is. 6rf. per dozen, 105. per 100 ; plants iu January,
2s. 6(/. per dozen, 16«. per 100. W. E.'s selection cheiipKr.
Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from
plants and cuttings supplied by me. Moiis. Delaux's grand set
of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See
CATALOGUE, with Es^iy on Cultivation, 2 stamps.

WiM. ETHERINGTOX, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans-
combe, Kent.

BEGONIAS A SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four
Gold Medals. Quality unsurpassed. Named Singles,
from 12s. to 42s. per dozen ; unnamed Seedlings, lUs.. 18s., and
21s. per dozen; Bedding, choicest, Gs. and 9s. per dozen;
choicest named Doubles, from 42s. per dozen; unnamed, very
choice, 24*. and 30s. per dozen ; choicest mixed, IHs. per dozen.
Order direct from UH, to procure our splendid strain. CATA-
LOGUES gratis.
JOHN LAING AND SONS. The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

PALM S. — A few hundreds, well-grown,
strong and healthy.
Senforthia elegann, Latania borbouica. Phoenix reclinata,
12 inches high, 4;;. per dozen, yos. per 100. Packages and
Carrijige free.

Latfiiiia borbonica, Scoforthia elegans, Phoenix reclinata,
and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high, Is, ^d. each,
16s. per dozen.

Seaforthia elegana, Latania borbonica, Phoenix reclinata,
Eiiterpe edulis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet
high, .Is. to 5s. each.

Fine fe;tthery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s.
per pair.

GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill. London. N.

SELECT GARDEN SEEDS.
IRELAND & THOMSON

BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEIR

CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS,

GLADIOLI, GARDEN IMPLEMENTS, BEftUISITES, &c.,

Is nuic ready, and may be had Post-free on appltcatioti.

SEED AND BULB WAREHOUSE,

81, PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH.

Important to Buyers of Plants, Trees, Koots, &c.

If you want to Buy your Plants at reasonable prices and of pood quality try WILLIAM Clibrav & SON, who are probably in a
better position than any lirm in the kingdom to secure to their cu-stomers the.se desirable conditions. Statements of this
class are common, and not worth notice without proof ; to prove it in the best way, a few facts as to th« progress of our
business may be named.

Oldfleld Nurseries were commenced about 16 years since with a Greenhouse 100 feet by 12 feet ; over 2 acres of ground are now
covered with Gla.'y? and Buildings. Wages paid lin-t year, about £250, to four men and a boy. now are £5000 per annum
to over 100 hands regularly employed. Rent then, £36; now, near £800. Acreage at start, 6^ ; now, 85, and still increasing
and extending ou all sides.

WM. CL.IBRAN & SON,

OLDFIELD NTJE SERIES, ALTRINCHAM ;

STAMFORD NURSERIES, BOWDON ; and 10 and 12, MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER,
have the pleasure to offer General Stock as under : —

Table Decorations.

PAIMS, FICITS Er.ASTICA, ASPIDISTRAS, grand plants

for standiog the dry air of dining-rooms uninjured ; good

plants, for immediate eiifect, 18s., 24s., and HOs. per do/.en.
SOLANUMS, full of beautiful berries, 9s., I2s.. and 18s. per

dozen. The tiuest Stock in the North of England.
Winter Flowers for Indoors.
EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLOKA, bright scarlet, for Ladies'

Sprays, &c., 6s. and 9s. per dozen.
POINSETTIAPULCHEERIMA, scarlet heads, 9s., 12s. perdoz.
PRIMULA SINENSIS, red and white ; and CINERARIAS, Bs.

per dozen,
BOUVAKDIAS. beautiful plants, ivilh many shoots, 9!. and

12s. per dozen ; small, 4s. per dozen.
GRAND DEUTZIA GRACILIS, for forcing early, established

in pots, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
Large Climips of SPIRAEA JAPONICA, S. PALMATA, DIELY-

TRA SPECTABILIS, 6s. per dozen.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, grand single cronms for early

forcing, 6s. per 100 ; clumps, 12s. and 1.5s. per dozen.
Seedling CINERARIAS and CALCEOLARIAS, the finest strains.

Is. tirf. per dozen ; in pots, 2s. 6d. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, well set with bud, 12s. and 18s. per dozen.
AZALEA PONTICA, 6s., 9s., and 12s. per dozen.
GHENT AZALEAS, 18s. and 24s. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, a mass of buds, 24s. and 30s. per dozen, in all

the linest sorts.
PRETTY CYTISUS, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.
CHRISTMAS KOSES, the finest variety of all for Lirge white

flowers, freely produced ; clumps to produce a number of

flowers, 24s. and yos. per dozen.

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

WALLFLOWERS, C^VNTERBURY BELLS, SWEET WIL-
LLAMS, SILENE PENDULA COMPAOTA, MYOSOTIS
DISSITrFLORA, lovely PRIMROSES of all shades of
colour. Any of these in strong transplanted roots. Is. per
dozen, 50 for 3s., 100 for 5s., or strong seedlings, not trans-
planted. Is. per 100.

ARABIS, AUBEIETIAS, DACTYLIS, white or yellow; POLY-
ANTHUS, PRIMROSE, single white; ANTENNARIA
TOMENTOSA, ALYSSUM, Is. 3d. per dozen, 8s. per 100.

CATALOG

Lovely Flowers for Outdoors.

DAISIES, red, white, or rose. Is. per dozen, 5s. per 100,

40s. per 1000.
VIOLAS and BEDDING PANSIES, separate colours, Is. per

doz.n, 6s. per loo.
PYRETHltUMS, strong clumps, 4s. per dozen.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS in immense variety, of the leit

kinds, 3s. per dozen, 21s. per 100.

Roses— Roses— Roses.

DWAEFS, from the ground, of the best sorts of Hybrid

Perjjfluals, 6s. per dozen, 50 for 21s., 100 for 40s.
TEA .Sl_ NTED, in [xits, the best kinds, 15s. and l»s. per dozen.
STANDARDS, from ground. 18!. per dozen.

Fruit Trees- Fruit Trees- Fruit Trees.

APPLES, Kitchen and Dessert, fine pyramids of the best crop-
ping kinds, 9s., 12s., and 18s. jer dozen.
PEAKS, of the beat variety, Standardi and Pyramids, 6s., 9s.,

and 12s, per dozen; Trained Trees for Walls, I2s., 18s.,

and 24s. per dozen. We are selling Pears at half their

value.
CHERRIES, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. per dozen ; Trained, ISs.

;in I 24s. per dozen.
PLU.MS, Pyramids, 9s. and 12s.per doz.; Tr."ine ', 24s. per doz.

GOOSEBEKKIES and CURRANTS, 2s., 3s , iv. per dozen.

RASPBERRIES, FILLBASKET, Is, per d.jz,-ii. cs. per 100.
RHUBARB, best sort^-, 4s., 6s., and 9s. per dozen.
Ornamental CONIFERS and SHRUBS for Window-boxes,

pots, &r,. in beautiful little plants, &s. per dozen.
FOREST IBEES and SHRUBS for planting new or replanting

old Vila G-irdrne, &c., in great variety and sizes, from 4s.

per dozen, up to large and valuable specimen plants.
Twelve lovely DECIDUOUS SHttUBS, aU different, and pretty

in bloom, 3s. tid.
OOMiMON RHODODENDRONS, fine plants, as broad as high,

from 1 foot upwards, only 5s. pe.- dozen. Sis. ptr 100.

Thinner plants at competitive rates.
HARDY HEATK S, Icely kinds, 3s. per d iz., 15s. and £0s. 100.
PLANTS for Hedges, Oval-leaved PRIVET, from 2 to 4 feet,

6s. to 15s. perlno; THORN QUICKS, from 15s. to :Ws. per

1000 ; BEE( H for Hedge ., f ri m 8s. per 100 ; HOLLIES,

tor Hedges, from aOs. per 100.

UES FREE.

WM. CLIBBAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altriucliam ; Stamford Nurreries, Bowdon ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

THE GARDENERS' ROYAL
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that the ANNUAL GENERAL
MEETING of tlie Members of this Institution will be held at
" Simpson's," 101, Strand, W.C, on FRIDAY, January 13 next,
for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee and
the Accounts of the Institution for the present year, and
Electing Oliicera for the ensuing year, and also for the Election
of Fi\e Peuoioners.

Tl... Chair will be taken at 3 o'clock precisely, and the Ballot
for live Pensioners will Close at 6 o'clock precisely.

By order, EDWD. ROGER CUTLER, Sec.

60, Parliament Street, London,— Dec. 20, 1887.

P.S. The Voting Papers have all been delivered, any Sub-
criber not having received one, is requested to communicate
with the Secretary.

THE GARDENERS'

ORPHAN FUND.

DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS

WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BY

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswiclc, London, W.

A

PPLE TREES with MISTLETO growing on

them, 7s. id., 10s. id., and l.-is. each.— RICHARD SMITH
AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

LACKBERRIES, for Gardens, Fields, Rail-

way Banks, &c. The moatsuitablevariety for this country
is VERTKGANS' " BEST OF ALL." at Is. per dozen ; 52s. &d.
per lUO. I can also supply '-WILSON JUNIOR," at tis. per
dozen. 40s. per 100. Other varieties at 5s. per dozen, 35s. per 100.

N.B, — All home grown. Carriage and Packing free.
For many other Novelties, Fruits, &.C., not to be found in any
other Catalogue, see Vertegana' Illustrated LIST of Special-
ties, gratis and posit-free.

VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nuraeriea, Birmingham.

ORCHIDS A SPEGIALH.

The Stock at the Clapton Nursery ia of su(.'h magnitude that
without seeing it it ia not easy to form an adequate conceptioa
of liA unprecedented extent.

FRUIT TREES, WINTER and SPRING BLOOUINO
PLANTS.

Of fine quality and immense number3.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass Structures cover an area of 282,600 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 26s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bu.ihel bags, id. each.

UQHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. M. per iack ; 6 sacks,
25s. : sacks, id. each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 32j, ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel ; 16s. per haU
ton ; 2t}s. per ton. in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

rELLUW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per buahel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. M. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VLRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write tor Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.C.

PEAT for ORCHIDS,

AZALEAS, HEATHS. FERNS, RHODODENDRONS,
and other choice Plants.

The Best In tHe World.

A JOHNSON AND CO., '2'i, Leadenhall Street,
• Loudon, E.C, continue to receive the highest of teati-
monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growera, stating the
ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. ia by far the best they
have ever used. Samples can be seen at above addre39, or for-
warded on application, free of charge.

A. JOHNSON AND CO. have NO Authorised Agenta repre-
senting tlieir Peat Estate.^.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT

Is acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of UHUiCE
PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their

Specially Selected do. for Orchids,

bv innumerableunsolicitedTestimonials. Rliododendron PEAT,
LEAF-.MOULD, LO,Ua, SAND, SPHAGNUM, COOOA-NUT
FlliUE. CHAKCOAL, Stc, and all kinds of Garden Requisites,
and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials,

EPPS & CO., BINGWOOD, HANTS.

804

THE GJMDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeh 31, 1887.

GARDEN MATS, LOAM, &c.— New Arch-
angel MATS (large size), 10s. per bundle of ten mats ;
Large Heavy Russian, 7s. 6rf.perdozen. Yellow Fibrous LOAM,
Silver SAND (coarse and fine). Brown Fibrous PEAT, at lowest
prices, b/ the ton or truck. RAFFIA, 7s. Sd. and 9s. per
dozen pounds.— BKINKWORTH and SONS, Reading.

Bones— Bones— Bonea !

CRUSHED BONES in all sizes for Vine
Borders, Lawns, Potting. Grass lands, &c ; also BONE
MEAL for Poultry Feeding, Garden GUANO, dissolved BONES,
and special MANURES for all purposes. For prices, apply to
HARRISON, BARBER, 4KD CO. (Limited), Garratt Lane,
Wandawortb, Surrey, S.W.

PEAT and SAND.— Light Brown PEAT for
Nursery and Greenhouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10
yards each, at 10s. per yard. In bags at 2s. 6rf. per bag.
Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15s. per ton.
Orchid Peat. 5s. per bag. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 7s. 6d. per
bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine. 13s. per ton.

WALKER AND CO., Famboro' Station. Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES,

of best qualiti/, as supplied to the Royal Gardens, SjC.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. 10 sacks for 10s., 16 for

14s.. 20forl8s.,30for25s. ; two ton truck, 28s. Freeonrail.
RUSSIA MATS, from 12s. to 18s. per dozen.
FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack.
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 for 22s. M.
BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 4s. M. per sack, 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6d. per bushel; 14s. fton;
PURE LEAF-MOULD, 3s. per sack. [25s. per ton.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack.
BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel.
RAFFIA. LABELS, STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN

CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. persack. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack.
SPBCIALITE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, each Si. per lb.

28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post.

W. HERBERT AXD CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two PitlzK Medals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market, (All sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown hbrous ... 6s. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. 6(i.
PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6(/. ,, 6 sacks for 20s.
PEAT, extra selected Orchid 7s. %d. ,, 5 sacks for 35s.
LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST I Is. per bush., 3s. persack
LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... ) (sacks included).
SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. M. per bush., 14s. half-ton, 24s. ton.

RAFFIA FIERE, best only Is. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER 8rf. lb. ; 28 lb., 18s.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., 8s. per sack.
CHUBB'S " PERFECT •' FER- •) In Bags.

TILISER (the Best Food for ( . « ^

all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 561b. 1 cw t.

Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- hj- 8/- 14/- 22/-
CHRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/8 6/- 12/-
VIRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- ,5/6 10/6 17/-
RUSSIAN MATS, BA.MBOO CANES. PERUVIAN GUANO,

NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c.
PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapestand best Bedding for Horses and

Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales, 6s. each.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is. 3d. each ; 10 sacks, lis.; 16 sacks, 15s.: 20 sacks, 18s.;

30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

28s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated,
. in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.
(Bankers, Union Bank of London,)

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FEERY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

Special Trade Price only.

PEAT.— Excellent for Heaths and general use, 7s. per yard,
4s. per sack. Orchid (specialite), finest selected Fern fibre,
6s. 6rf. per sack. Rhododendron, lOs. per ton ; not less
than 5 tons.

LOAM. — Good fibrous, 13s. per ton, ls.9ii. per sack.

LEAF MOULD.— Beech and Oak, well decayed, 2*. per sack.

SILVER SAND.— Finest crj-stal coarse, and fine sharp, 8s. %d.
and 83. per ton.

SPHAGNUM M083.— Fresh, 65. 6d. per sack.

GRAVEL.— Fine red binding, for top sprinkling paths.

GATERELL & SON, Peat Merchants, Rlnewood.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (best only),

Is. per sack, 30 sacks, 20s. ; Trucks (about 2} tons), free on rail,

20s. PEAT. LOAM, TOBACCO PAPAR, &c.
J. MEABS AND CO., 3. Bury Court, St. Mary Axe, London, E.G.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew.
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6(f. and Is., from the Trade
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London,

FRIDAY NEXT.

New and very fine ORCHIDS from the Soraima Mountain.

CATTLEYA LAWRENCEANA.

ly/TESSES. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F.

^^ SANDER to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 6, at half-past 12 o'Clock, a splendid con-
signment, just to hand, of this beautiful CATTLEYA, in the best possible health, well furnished
with leaves and sound dormant eyes. C. LAWRENCEANA is extremely rare in its native country^
and one of the finest of the genus. It has received the award of the Certificate, and has been the
admiration of all beholders, being the most lovely formed and glowing of all Cattleyas.

Also a wonderful mass in grand health with over 100 gro\vth3, of

CYPRIPEDIUM SCHOMBURGKIANUM.

This extremely rare species was discovered by Richard Schomburg, as far back as 18-12, and
described as a new sweet-scented Cypripedium. No plant, however, came to this country alive. In
growth the plant resembles Pearcei, and will be found of easy culture. Fine healthy plants of
CYPRIPEDIUM species, probably a variety of LINDLEYANUM, together with fine importations
of the scarce ZYGOPETALU.M ROSTR.ATUM, BRASSIA, probably new, SCUTICARIA
species, BIFRENARIAS, HOULLETIAS, MAXILLARIAS, ONCIDIUM JONESIANUM^
ONCIDIUM species, SACCOLABIUM CCELESTE, and many other fine ORCHIDS,

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(Established 1804.)

60s. per 100.
Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order.
STANDARDS, 15s. per dozen, or 100 free for 120s.

FRUITS (74 acres). ''I'L^^f ^i ^HVZ^

prices.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres.) ly^^^V^^Hs:

FLOWERING PLANTS (3s. per dozen. 60s. per lUO),
FOREST TREES.

for Conservatory ,
Forcing, &c.,

ROSES IN POTS (SO,

15s. to 36s. per dozen.

ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS,

4s. per dozen, 25s. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES, Forciiigfltis! SW lier 100.

Wiurn THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
1 1 n LO. , 3s. 6rf. to lOs. ed. each.

CLEMATIS,

White to Dark Purple. Single and Double,
12s. to 24s. per dozen.

Famous Planting and Forcing Asparagus and SeaJcale.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful Infonnatlon, flres on application.

WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.

MRS. LOTJDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A

Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition.
Fcap. cloth, price 7s.

HIGH-CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By William EarleS-, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How
to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price 4s. 6d,

HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. I5y William Eakley. Price Is. stitched.

THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisjeeb. Fourth
Edition, revised and enlarged. Price Is.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Eahley. Price Is. stitched.

London: BRADBURY, AONEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.

Dbcembek 31, 1887.]

TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

805

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(EstabUshed 1841)

CONTAINS AKTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING,

NOTICES OF ALL HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST,

EEPOETS of EXHIBITIONS, REVIEWS of BOOKS, and
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

Original mustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds,

may be named : —

ALPINE PLANTS :-

BACKHOUSE, J.

BALL. J., F.R.S.

CHURCHILL, G. C, Clifton, Bristol.

CORREVON, H., Geneva.

DEVVAR. D.. Kew.

DOD. Rev. C. W.

JENKINS, E., Potter.

AMATEUR GARDENING:—

BADGER, E. W.

BOYLE, Hon. Mrs. E. V. B.

•• S. BRIGID."

BRIGHT, the lat« H. A. ("Notes

from a Lancashire Garden").
CLARKE, Col. Trevor.
EWBANK, Rev. H., Ryde.
LOWNE. B. T.
OWEN. Miss, Knockmullea.
PHILBRICK, Q.C.
THOMSON, W.
WEIR, HARRISON.

ARBORETUM :-

BARRON, W., Borrowash.
LAVALLBE. Alphonse, the late.
NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar-
dens, Kew.
SARGENT, Prof.. Boston, U.S.A.
WEBSTER. A. D.
YOUNG, Maurice.

BEE-KEEPING :—

CHEMISTRY :—

CHURCH, Prof., Kew.
DEHERAIN, Prof., Paris.
DYER, Bernard.
GILBERT, Prof.. Rothamsted.
LA WES, Sir J.. Rothamsted.
WARINGTON, R., Rothamsted.
WILLIS, J. J.

DISEASES OF PLANTS :-

ARTHUR, Prof., New York.
BASTIAN, Dr. Charlton, F.R.S.
BEIJERINCK, Prof., Wageningen.
BERKELEY, Rev. M. J., F.R.S.
COBBOLD, T. S., F.R.S., the late.
COOKE, Dr. M. C.
MURRAY, G., British Museum.
PAGET, Sir James, F.R.S.
PHILIPPS, W.

PLOWRIGHT, C. B., (Fungi).
SMITH. W. G.
SORAUER, Prof., Proskau.
WARD, Prof. Marshall, School of
Forestry.

FERNS :-

BAKER, J. G., Koyal Gardens, Kew.

DRUERY, C.

HEMSLEY. A.

MOORE, T., Botanic Gardens, Chelsea.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS :-

DEAN, R.. Ealing.
DODWELL, E. S., Oxford.
D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H.
DOUGLAS, J., ntord.
DOWNIE, J., Edinburgh.
HORNER. Rev. F. D.
MOLYNEUX, E.
PAUL, G., Paisley.
TURNER, C, the late.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :-

ANDRE. E., Paris.
ANTODJE, F., the late, Vieima.
BENNET, H., M.D., Mentone.
BERGMAN, E., FerriSres.
BONA VIA, C, Lucknow.
CABUEL. Prof., Florence.
CASPARY, Prof., Ka?nigsberg.
DE M.VB, J. A., Boston, U.S.A.
DRUDE. Prof., Dresden.
DUCH.ARTRE, Prof., Paris.
EICHLER, Prof., Director, Imieris

Botanic Gardens, Berlin.
FENZI, Cav. E., Florence.
HANBURY. T., Mentone.
HENRIQUEZ, Prof., Coimbra.
JOLY', C, Paris.
KOLB, Mai, Munich.
KEELAGE, E. H.. Haarlem.
LANGE, Prof., Copenhagen.
MEEHAN, T., Philadelphia.
MONTEIEO, Chev., Lisbon.
MORREN, the late Prof., Liege.
NAUDIN, C, Antibcs.
NELSON, C. J.. Orange Free State.
OLIVEIRA. J. D.', Oporto.
OLIVER, Captain S. P., Mi
PLANCHON, Prof., Montpellii

RODIOAS. E., Ghent.
SURINGAR, Prof., Leyden.
TROUBETZKOI, Prince (Eucalyptus).
VILMORIN, H. de, Paris.
WnTMACK, Dr., Berlin.
WOLKENSTEIN, St. Petersburg.

BRACE, O. J., France.
FRANCE, C. S., Aberdeen.
jnCHIE. C. Y., Cullen, Ab6«leen.
WEBSTER. A. D., Carnarvonshire,

FRUrr CULTURE :-

BARRON, A. F., Chiswick.
BLACKMORE. R. D.
BUNYABD, G., Maidstone. Kent.
CHEAL, J., Crawley, Sussei.
RIVERS. T. F.
WARD, E., Hewell Grange.

GARDEN BOTANY :-

BAKER, J. G., F.R.S.

BAIFOUR, Prof., Oxford.

BAIL, J., F.R.S.

BENTHAM, the late G., F.R.S.

BROWN, N. E., Herbarium, Kew.

BURBIDGE, F. W., Botanic Gardens,

Dublin.
CLARKE, Col. Trevor.
CLARKE, C. B., F.R.S.
COOKE, Dr. (Fungi).
CORNU, Prof. Mai, Paris.
DECAISNE. the late Prof.. Paris.
DE CANDOLLE, A., Geneva.
DYER, W. T. T., Director, Royal

Gardens, Kew.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J. (Lilies). Cfers).

ENGELMANN, the late Dr. G. (Coni-
FRANCHET, Paris.
GRAY, Prof. Asa. Boston, U.S.A.
HEMSLEY, W. B., Kew,
HOOKER, Sir J. D.. K.C.S.I., late

Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
JACKSON. Museum. Royal Gardens,

Kew (Economic Botany).
LEICHTLIN. Mai. Baden-Baden.
MAW, G. (Crocus). [Gardens, Kew.
MORRIS, D., Assistant Dii«ctor, Royal

GARDEN BOTANY :-

NAUDIN, C. Antibes.
OLn-EB. I'rof., F.R.S.
RIDLEY, H., British Museum.
ROLFE, Royal Gardens, Kew.
SMITH, W. G. (Fungi).
STEIN, Breslau Gardens.
STRICKLAND, Sir C.
TODARO. Baron, Palermo.
WATSON, Sercno, Boston, U.S.A.

GARDEN INSECTS:—

MACLACHLAN, R., F.B.S., Pres. Ent.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS :-

BARR. P.. Covent Garden.
CREWE. Rev. H. Harpur, the late.
DOD, Rev. C. W.
ELLACOMBE. Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J.. Cirencester.
HARTLAND, Baylor, Cork.
PERRY, Tottenham,
POTTER, W., York.
WILSON, G. F., F.R.S.

INDIA AND THE COLONIES :-

ADLAM, H., Natal.

BANCROFT, G.. M.D., Queensland.

BENNETT, G., M.D.. Sydney.

BONA VIA, Dr., N. W. P., India.

COOPER, Sir Dan,, Bart., Sydney.

DUTHIE, J. P., Saharunpore.

HART, J., Jamaica.

IM THURN, Everard, British Guiana.

KING, Dr., Director, Royal Botanic

Gardens, Calcutta.
MACOWAN, Prof., Cape Town
MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. V.,

Melbourne.
MURTON, H. J., Siam.
PRESTO, H., Trinidad.
SCHOMBURGK. Dr., Adelaide.
SMITH, T., New Zealand,
SYME, G., Jamaica.
TREVIEN, H., Ceylon.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING:—

ANDRE. E., Paris.
BOSCAWEN, Hon. and Rev. J. T.
EURVENICH. F., Ghent.
JACKMAN, J., Woking.
JULIAN, G. Richards.

ORCHIDS :—

ANDERSON. J., Meadowbank.
BACKHOUSE, I., York.
BRADSHAW, A., Waddesdon Gardens.
BULL, W.
BULLEN, R., Botanic Gardens,

Glasgow.
BUYSSON, M. Le Comte.
CRAWSHAY, De B.
LAWRENCE. Sir Trevor. Bart.. M.P.,

President, Roy.al HorticulturiU Soc.
LEE, W., Downside.
LINDEN. Lucien, Ghent.
O'BRIEN. James.
PFITZER, Prof., Heidelberg.
REICHENBACH, Prof., Hamburgh.
RIDLEY, H. N., British Museum.
SANDER, F.
SMEE, A. H.

SWAN, W., Howick House, Preston,
VEITCH, H.
WILLIAMS, B. S.
WOOLFOED, C, Downside.

PRACTICAL GARDENING :-

ATKINS, J.

AUSTEN, J., Witley Court Gardens.

B/ULLIE. W. M., Luton Hoo Gardens.

BADJES, T.

BAKER, G. [Oxford.

BAXTER, W. H., Botanic Gardens.

BLAIR, T,, Shrubland Gardens.

CARinCHAEL, A.M., Henley in Arden.

CHALLIS. T.

CHRISTIE. A., Warwick Castle.

COLEMAN, W., Eastnor Castls

Gardens.
COOMBER, J., T)ie Hendre.
COOMBER, W., Regent's Park.
CROSSLING, R., St. Pagan's Castle

Gardens.
CUL'VERWELL, W., Thorpe Perrow.
DEAN, A. (Potatos, &c.).
DEWAR, D., Royal Gardens, Kew.
DOUGLAS, J., Great Gearies, Hford.
DUNN, M., Dalkeith.
EABLEY, W., Ilford.
EVANS, A., Lythe Hill Gardens.
FINDLAY, B., Manchester.
FISH. D. T., Hardwicke Gardens.
FOWLER, A., Castle Kennedy
ERASER, J., Kew. [Gardens.

GIBSON, W. M. (Town Gardening).
GRIEVE, P., Bury St. Edmunds.
HARRIS, Q., Alnwick Castle.
HEMSLEY, A. (Market Plants).
HUDSON, J. (Stove Plants).
INGRAM, W., Belvoir Gardens.
LYNCH, R. J., Botanic Gari^ens,

Cambridge.
MioraDOE, J., Button Hall.
MELVILLE, D., Dunrobin Gardens.
MILES, G. T., Wycombe Abbey

MOORE, F. W., Glasneviu Botanic
O'BRIEN, T. [Garden.

RICHARDS, G. H., Somerley (iardens
ROBERTS, J., Gunnersbury.
BUST, J.. Fridge Castle.
SAUL, M., York.

SHEPPARD, J., Wolverston Gardens
SMITH, J., Mentmore Gardens,
SMYTHE, W., Basing Park.
TEMPLE, M„ Carron House, N.B.
THOMAS, O., Chatsworth Gardens.
THOMSON, W., Clovenford (Vines).
WALLIS, J., Keele Gardens.
WAJtD, E., Hewell Grange, Bromsgrove.
WARD, H. W., Longford Castle

Gardens.
WATSON, W., Royal Gardens, Kew.

BENNETT, H.

D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H.

FISH, D. T., Hardwick, Bury St,

FISHER, Rev, O. [Edmunds.

GIRDLESTON, I. W.

PAUL, G., Cheshunt.

PAUL, W., Waltham Cross.

VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY :-

BENNETT, A. W.
MOULGEE, Prof.
DAJ4WIN, Charles, the late.
FOSTER, Prof. Michael.
GARDINER, W.. Cambridge.
GLAJSHER, James (Meteorology.)
HENSLOW, Rev. G.

806

THE GARDENERS' CERONICLE.

[Decembeb 31, 1887.

JERSEY F'RUIT TREES.

»* 1* ' * V^ t« I Carriage Paid. Cordons a speoialite.
Write for Illustrated Catalogues to JOSHUA LE CORNU
USD SON, High View Nurseries, who will send, carriage
paid for cash with order, FORTY JERSEY ROSES for 21a.

Early orders secure estra strong plants.

CATALOGUES.

THE NUBSERIES, KING'S ACRE,
HEBEFOKD

{Estahlkhcd 1785).

JOHN CRANSTON & GO.

beg to announce that their Descriptive
Catalogues of

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES,
FOREST TREES,
RHODODENDRONS,
CLEMATIS,

and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are

now published ; and which they will be pleased to

forward on application.

Special Offers will be inadefor Large Contracts,

yOREST, jfRUIT

^i ALL OTHER

^REES A B^LANTS.

.os^lv^so^'^^^^^ti^^o

Descriptive Catalogues Post Free.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6rf. per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None eenuine unless in sealed pack-
ages ana printed cultural directions
enclosed, withoursignatureattached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Highgate Nurseries. N.

iIuITTRks

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive Catalogues post-free.

I HHEAL^.QONS

W ■ M Crawley, ' %J .Sussex,

NEW SEED CATALOGUE.

DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT,

Seed Merchants to H.R.H. the Trince of ^\ ales,

CORPORATION STREET, MANCHESTER,

BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THBIB

VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEED GATALOGUE fo 1888

is now pu/i/isfieil, ami may lie had Post-free on application.

THE MOST BEAUTIFUL CATALOGUE!

EIGHT MAGNIFICENT COLOURED PLATES.

• aga§3B-iaii(ssi-ia®i!,B®iaKi-iL®iM>aa-

Send One Shilliiii/ for this Catahc/ue, and deduct the amount
ii'lien orderinfi j/oitr Seeds.

All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order.

CHE. LORENZ,

THE LARGEST AND OLDEST GERMAN SEED HOUSE,
ERFURT.

Before Orderinr/
SEEDS FOB THE SPRING,

ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE,

for Owners of Gardens
and Amateurs,

of the Largest and Oldest Seed
House on the Continent,

j\' 0 ir A- 1: A V y,

the EngUsh Edition of

LORENZ'S ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE,

with more than two hundred
beautiful Engravings,

and exact Cultural Directiona,

GRATIS AND POST-FREE,

on application.

CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT,

Sr-uJwmn bv Stjecial Warrant t/. 11. M. the Euiprr,^ „r GernMiiy, II. 51. the King of .Saxoiiv, II. JI. the King of Bavaria,
■ H.M. the King of the Netherl.inds. H.M. the King of Enumania, H.M. the King of Serbia.
H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Hesse. H.H. the Duke of Anhalt,

100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY.

All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order.

Decembeb 31, 1887.]

THE GABDENERS' CHBONIGLE.

807

J. GHARLESWORTH,

HEATON, BRADFORD,

ORCHID IMPORTER AND GROWER.

Large Stock of all Leading Sorts.

I N S P ECTION INVITED.

E R T E G A N s"'

GAEDEN NOVELTIES.
BR.1MBLES for Fruiting. I RASPBERRY. Black Fruited.
BR.OIBLES for Flowering. RASPBERRY, Golden Fruited.
RARE and beautiful Shrubs. HEBBACEOUS and Alpines.
RARE and delicious Fruits. | LAPAGERIA alba and rubra.
Illustrated LISTS post-free.
R. H. VERTEGANS, F.R.H.S., Chad Valley Nurseries,
Rirminsham. Telegrams—" VERTEGANS. Birmingham.

QA (\t\(\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV^V/UV finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants : extra strong plants, repotted into 5^in..h pots, 2s. 6(1.
each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH
AlO) CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Won^ester.

To those alDOUt to Plant Roses, &c.

EWraG'S CATALOGUE contains short and
plain Cultural Notes, besides Descriptions and Prices of
the best Roses ; and in addition 28 pages are devoted to Orna-
mental Trees. Shrubs. Fruit Trees. Climbing Plants, Horti-
cultxiral Requisites, &c. It is forwarded post-free to applicants
on receipt of three penny stamps, or Gratis to Customers.

Abridged LIST of low priced carriage and package free col-
lections of high-class Roses, gratis and post-free.
EWING AMD CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant, H.nmpshire.

To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Otbers

intending planting Shrubs and Trees, &c., this Autumn.

ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call
attention to his large and varied stock of the above,
more especially to those %'aricties most suitable for Town
Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANES,
LIMES, ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, and
HOLLIES, and others too numerous to mention. Free delivery
■within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £5 and
upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on
application.

The Nurseries, Trinity Road, W.andswortli Comn

, S.W.

H

To the Trade.

Home-grown '^'EGETABLE and FrELD SEEDS.

AND r. SHAKPE are now prepared to

I make special offi^rg of their fine selected stocks of
TABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have
ted in splendid condition. The prices will be found very
tageons to purchasers.

Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech.

F R U I T T R E E S.

HUGH LOW & CO.

Invite inspection by intending purchasers of the
very large and fine stock growing at BUSH
HILL PABK NTJBSEBY, easily reached by
trains from Liverpool Street Station of Great
Eastern Railway.
Victoria Plums and Morello Cherries by the 1000.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON.
WILLIAM BARRON & SON'S

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE or CONIFER/E

and other. Hardy Ornamental Plants for 1888.
Is now ready, and may be had post-free on application.

Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, Derby.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100 ;
ditto in large pots, 25^. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH A>rD CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester, _^ _^___^_

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

SUTTON'S

NEW MARROWFAT

PEAS FOR 1888,

Combining all the merits of the old sugary Marrow Pea
with short sturdy growth, early maturity,
3 productiveness.

FoT full particulars and lUusiratic

SUTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE,

SUTTON'S SEEDS

GENUINE ONIYDIRECTFROM READING.

RO S E S and F R U I T T K E E S.
ROSES, Dwarf H.P.. all the best varieties, our selection,
355. per 100, 50 for 20s.. 12 sent free by post for 8s.
ROSES, Dwarf Tea. from open ground, including Gloire de Dijon,
Marechal Niel, and other good varieties, 9^. per dozen.
APPLE TREES, Standards for Orchards, 18s. and 24s. per doz.
,, ,, Bushes, Gs. per dozen. 45s. per 100,
,, ,, Pyramids, 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen.
FRUIT TREES, 12 assorted Dwarf- trained, 30s. per dozen.
APPLE and PEAR TREES, 12 assorted Pyramid, 18s. per doz.
CURRANT TREES, assorted, Black, Red, and White, 2s 6rf. per

dozen, 185. per 100.
GOOSEBERRIES, Warrington and other best named sorts,

2.^. 6d. per dozen, 185. per 100.
VINES, strong planting Canes, Black Hamburgh and Muscat
of Alexandria, and othera. 4s. each.
Terms cash. CATALOGUES on application.

CARAWAY & CO.,

"^^"c^If^S.""™' BRISTOL.

THE PLANTINC SEASON.

The BEST KOSES.

The BEST CAMELLIAS,

The BEST HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c.,

The BEST EVERGREENS and FLOVTEKING SHKUBS,

The BEST PAEK and ROADSIDE TREES,

The BEST FRUIT TREES and GRAPE VLNES,

The BEST SEEDS, ice.,

May be i

I and Purchased at

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGWORTH, HERTS.

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

PAUL'S NURSERIES.

WALTHAM CROSS

(near " Waltham Cross" Station, Great Eastern Railway, half
an hour from London). Prices as low as possible. Inspection
invited. Priced CATALOGUES Free.

MARECHAL NIEL ROSES!

NICE PLANTS, in 5-mch pots, 4 to 6 feet

long. Is. and Is. 6d. each.

FINE PLANTS, in 7-inch pots, with 2 and 3

shoots, 10 to 12 feet long, 2s., 2s.6rf., 3s., 3.?.6d.. & os. each.

MAGNIFICENT PLANTS, in 10-inch pots,

with2and3shoot3, 12 tolofeetlong, Is.^d. & 10s. 6ii. each.
J^e above cannot be surpassed.
The Company have also a large and fine stock of other
CLIMBING ROSES in pots, and also DWARF TEA ROSES,
in pots, in great variety.

LIST with full particulars on application.

The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

C-IoHN Cowan), Limited. The Vineyard and Nurseries,

GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL,

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDIB CONDITION.

CATALOGUE, of over 1300 species and varietie.'*, including
Descriptive "List OF New, Rare, and Choice Ferns,"
and " Hardy North American Ferns," free on application.

As a Supplement

TO THE

Gardeners' Chronicle

FOB

Next Week, Jan. 7, 1888,

WILL BE

P uhli s h]ed
SHEET ALMANAC.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1887.

IMPORTED FRUIT.*

" npHE history of the importation of fruit
J- from foreign countries forms quite an
interesting chapter in the annals of British
commerce. Cherries and Pears were supplied
from the Netherlands at a very early period.
When the cathedrals were building, when A'enice
was in its glory, there came from the ports
in the Mediterranean Dates, Oranges, Lemons,
Almonds, Chestnuts, and Pomegranates. In the
Elizabethan age the Banana and the Cocoa-nut
made their appearance only as curiosities. The
Pine-apple was first seen in the reign of
Charles 11." (L. H. Grindon).

Let me now place before you a few figures
showing the value of fruit of all kinds imported
into the United Kingdom in the years' 1845,
186.5, and ISSo respectively, and which includes
Apples, Oranges, Lemons, Nuts, Almonds,
Currants, Figs, Raisins, &c.

In 1845 the total value was fSSe.SSl

In 1.365 it had risen to 3.18.5.984

la 1885 (twenty years after) to 7,.5S7,.523

Thus the trade in foreign fruit was in 1865 nearly
four ^times what it was in 1845, while that of
1885 'was nearly double that of 1865. Verily,
we are a fruit-eating people !

My paper has to deal more particularly with
the importation of Apples and Pears. In
1884 — 85 there were imported from tbe United
States of America 565,1.38 barrels of Apples,
and from Canada 222,647; making a total of
787,785 barrels. In 1885—86 there came from
the United States 687,666 barrels, and from
Canada 205,709 barrels; making a total of
8iJ3,.375 ; and showing an increase of 105,590
barrels. The total weight of American and
Canadian Apples imported in 1885—86 was es-

» A paper read at the Harpenden Fruit Congress, December,
18R7. by Mr. R. Dean.

808

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembee 31, 1887.

timated at 125,000,000 lb. In 1886—87 the
total importation from both countries was
906,484 barrels, showing an increase of 103,109
barrels over the previous year, and the whole of
the importation was equal to 2,980,452 bushels,
ciiming from New York, Boston, Montreal,
I'ortland, Halifax, and Annapolis.

" In the Annapolis Valley immense strides are
bung taken with regard to Apple culture, thou-
s luds of acres being laid down each year to meet
tie English and Continental demand." The
b st American Apples are Gravenstein, Northern
S )y, Baldwin, Yellow Bellefleur, Golden Kusset,
Kbiton Pippin, King of Tomkin's County, Blen-
h im Pippin, Greenings, Fallawater, Fameuse,
Nonpareil, and Newtown Pippin. By someAmer-
iom growers the Yellow Bellefleur is considered
ai having few superiors either for market or
h ime use when the trees can be made to bear ;
and mention is made of one grower who had
ei.jht trees that yielded thirty-five to forty
birrels each year for three years. Air. G. M.
Iljvey states, that Fameuse and Gravenstein are
thi finest and most beautiful Apples grown in
the Eastern States. The Baldwin is also a very
popular variety; it is large, the skin smooth,
yellow on the shaded side, and on the side next
the sun deep orange, covered with stripes of red;
flesh crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid, with a rich
and agreeable flavour. In the United States it
is very popular with growers. It is also a well
known variety.

The Editor of the Sorticultural Times has
kindly furnished me with some figures showing
the value of the barrels of American .\pple3 that
cjme into Covent Garden Market: — Newton
Pippin, the barrel averaging three bushels,
realises 18s. to 50s. per barrel ; Baldwins, 10s. to
25.'.; Greenings, 12s. to 22s.; Golden Russet,
14). to 30s.; Northern Spy, 12s. to 17s. The
foregoing may be taken as representing the
leading and most popular varieties of American
A;>p'.es coming into Covent Garden. And my
informant adds, " scores of varieties, however,
c ):ne, and I have seen seven sorts packed in one
barrel and labelled Baldwins, and sold as such.
I'l fact, 80 per cent, of the Apples sent and
la el'ed Baldwins consist of inferior varieties of
various red-coloured Apples, the names of which
no pomologist could tell." In London over
50,000 barrels of American Apples are often
sold in one week. It is stated that Apples are
imported to this country to the value of £700,000
annually. The chief supply comes from the
United States, in value about £.500,000; from
Canada come Apples to the value of nearly
£100,000 annually. In addition, we get from
Continental countries, through Belgium, annually
Apples to the value of over £100,000.

The quality of the Canadian Apples is very
fine, though it is doubtful if they exceed in this
reipect that of finely-grown English samples of
Kibston Pippin, Blenheim Orange, and Cox's
Orange Pippin. It is said that the only secret in
the matter of the ijuality of the Canadian Apples
is ni the difference of climate, the atmosphere
being so dry, and there being an abundance of
sunlight, which gives high colour, and quality
follows. The advantages of blue sky and clear
sunlight are obvious. In this country cloudi-
ness is the almost invariable rule, excepting in
such a case as the hot dry summer of the present
yar ; and then, while the Canadian atmosphere
i.i dry, here it is more or less damp.

Of the leading Apples grown in Canada, the
b 'st summer varieties are the Yellow Trans-
p irent. Red Astrachan, Duchess of Oldenburg,
ii id Montreal Peach. The best autumn and
\, inter varieties — Gravenstein, St. Lawrence,

Alexander, Golden White, Fameuse, and Wealthy.
The best late varieties — Golden Russet, Ben
Davis, and the Blue Pearmain. A selection of
118 varieties of Nova Scotian Apples was sent to
the Apple and Pear Congress held in Edinburgh
in 1885, and the observations made respecting
them, as published in the report of the Congress,
are as follows : — "A superb collection of Apples
grown in Nova Scotia, containing numerous
samples of large, handsomely shaped, and beauti-
fully coloured fruit, clear in the skin, and of the
finest quality." The fruits had all been grown
on the free stock as standard trees, and gene-
rally in orchards. Apples on the Paradise or
other dwarfing stocks are not grown to any
extent. The Canadian Apple grower appears to
be a man of great energy — active, industrious,
and enterprising. Our own English fruit-growers
for market might with advantage take a leaf out
of his book. The Canadian producers unite
together at Conferences, where the whole process
of culture is threshed out, and every system put
to the test. Such points as grafting, pruning,
variety, and soil are made the subjects of almost
endless debate ; and one important consideration
is how to pack Apples, not only carefully but
tastefully, for market.

Packing is a matter of the first importance.
The barrels should be new ones, made for the
purpose. The filling should be done on a plat-
form of boards, and not on the ground. All
wormy or bruised fruit should be rejected. The
size of the Apples is not a matter of prime im-
portance. The first layer of Apples should be
very fine and uniform in size, should be placed in
the barrel stems downwards, as the bottom be-
comes the head when the barrel is filled ; the re-
mainder should be poured in from baskets, care
being used not to bruise any in the operation,
and the barrel be well shaken after each basket-
ful until it appears full. More should then be
placed on the top projecting at least half the
thickness of an Apple above the top of the chine
of the barrel, the head placed on the Apples, and
with a screw-press gently forced into the barrel.
The barrel must be well nailed, and lining hoops
nailed around both the heads to keep them in
place.

I may here remark that the Newtown Pippin,
which is one of the most popular of American
Apples, is high in quality, but devoid of colour
of any striking tint. Ribston Pippin and Cox's
Orange Pippin, so fine in this country, take on an
acid character when grown in America; and,
therefore, fall behind our home-grown fruit in
point of quality. It is something to know that
our own Ribston and Cox's Orange Pippins can
hold their own, and something more, with
American grown fruit, but they are produced in
such limited quantities in this country. The
American Apples are so much esteemed for
dessert purposes because their flesh is so tender.

Peabs.
The importation of Pears is a matter of much
less importance than that of Apples. Pears have
a somewhat limited use. We might say they are
mainly grown for dessert purposes. It is true
there are stewing varieties, but all unripe
Pears are well adapted for this purpose. On the
other hand the main use of Apples is for culi-
nary purposes ; and English Apples, when well
grown, are always superior in texture and in
pleasing acidity to the American \arieties.
The consignments of American and Canadian
Pears are very small, and hot worth mentioning.
A great number of early Pears come into the
English market from the North of France. The
leading French Pear is Duchesse d'Angouleme,

an old favourite in this country, but regarded as
second-rate in flavour. Even twenty times more
than any other Pear is this brought over, and
often before it is half ripe — when it is inferior in
texture, acid, and even nasty. The more de-
veloped fruits are fine. This Pear comes in from
October until Christmas. At Christmas we get
DoyennS d'Hiver, or, more properly, Easter
Beurr^ ; then Marie Louise, or our Vicar of
Winkfield, or Le Cur6. Enormous quantities
of these are sent in, also of Winter Nelis, or
Nelis d'Hiver. The French people also send us
about Christmas Uvedale's St. Germain, or Belle
Angevine. From Jersey we get in October and
November Chaumontel Pears. It is the Pear
chiefly grown in Jersey ; there are thousands of
acres of it. Mr. A. F. Barron informs me that,
when in .lersey during the summer, he saw a
plantation of 25,000 trees, growing in the best
form, about 6 feet in height, but all pruned down
to flat heads. They are trained in this way to
secure the crop as much as possible against the
winds which prevail in the island. Glou Mor-
feau also comes from there in quantity, and a
few other sorts.

Some wonderfully fine Pears come to this
country in March and April from California,
especially such sorts as Easter Beurre, Winter
Nelis, and Beurre Ranee. The proper Pears to
grow and pay in this country are early ones, and
which ripen successionally up to Christmas, such
as the Smumer Doyenne, ^N'illiams' Bon Chre-
tien, Beurri5 d'Amanlis, Louise Bonne of Jersey,
Beurr^ de Capiaumont, BeurriJ Diel, and Glou
Moryeau.

Small consignments of fine Pears as Louise
Bonne and Beurre Superfin are sent from the
Cape in March and April. The samples seen had
arrived in splendid condition.

Trade Intekests.

As to the influence on the British fruit
trade of all these extensive importations from
abroad, the question may be appropriately and
reasonably asked, Are the cultivators of fruit in
this country doing their best to compete with
those of Canada and the United States ? Are
there not in this country thousands of acres of
laud that might be turned to account in the pro-
fitable culture of fruit, and especially so of the best
sorts of dessert and culinary Apples .f The
American Apples come to us in November,
December, and January ; none, comparatively,
appear after the latter month. August, Sep-
tember, and October are therefore open to our
home cultivators. After January we get no im-
portation of Apples until the Australian grown
varieties come over in May and June, when our
late varieties are past. It seems, then, that the
special care of our home cultivators should be the
production of early and of late varieties. If the
home grower will meet the foreign producer upon
his own ground, and go in for quality and quan-
tity combined, the fruit must be good, the
variety must be good, and, as a result, the profit
realised will be good also. Let the home culti-
vator plant and grow such early English cooking
Apples as Stirling Castle, Golden Noble, New
Hawthornden, Duchess of Oldenburg, Waltham
Abbey Seedling, Lord Suflield, Lord Grosvenor,
Keswick Codlin, Eclinville Seedling and Peas-
good's Nonsuch. The Early Julien is always a
good cropper, and a good Apple for culinary
purposes. A\'ith such Apples, well grown, let him
stock the markets up to November. Let him
compete with the American grower if he will in
the three mid-winter months I have named, but
his productions must be first-class.

The Americans send over good samples of
excellent quality ; their picked samples come

I

December 31, 1887.1

THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

809

to us — they have plenty of inferior Apples,
but these they -msely keep at home for their
own use. Then of late Apples to succeed the
Americans let the English producer grow
Lane's Prince Albert, Uumelow's Seedling, Ked
A\'inter Nonsuch, Annie Elizabeth, Northern
Greening, Alfriston, Gloria Mundi, and York-
shire Greening — all good Apples, that keep well
until the spring. Let all be well gro^vn ; the
fruit as large and fine as possible, the result of
careful and painstaking culture, and [in this way

New or Noteworthy Plants.

DISA RACEMOSA, L.f. (secunda, Sw.)
Thehe is, indeed, no greater pleasure for a bot-
anist than to see in a living state a lovely plant,
wiiose beauties have been guessed at for more than
1 alf a century from dried specimens. This is my
case with this plant. I have at length an excellent
four-flowered inflorescence from Mr. J. O'Brien,

six flowers, the best of which have broad sepals
nearly equalling 1 inch in length. The flowers
are of a delightful light purple colour, with
some white, some dark purple, some green.
All tliese tones are combined in such a delicate
manner, that no suggestion arisrs of garishness
or parrot-like colours. The median sepal is rhombic,
with a white, inferior narrow central area outside,
some dark purple blotches outside near the top, and
a green keel running from the base over the angu-
late central ancipitous spur. Lateral sepals oblong,

TlO. 154.— ABDISIA lU.llILtATA: 6T0VE SHECB : BEEEIES EOSE-EED, (sEE P. 810.)

good prices and large profit may readily be
secured. Letthe stupidity thatconteuts itself with
growing worthless sorts [and those badly. Ed.] be
tianished from our fruit gardens. AVe have the
finest climate in the universe for the produc-
tion of choice samples of Apples. Let us have
just land laws, the incidence of the extraordi-
nary tithe placed on a more equitable basis, fair
rates of transit, let the producer be assured his
fair proportion of profit, and then we may
reasonably expect to see the home grower con-
tented, prosperous, and glorying in the fact that
be is an Englishman,

of Marrow-on-the-llill, and of tils own growlii. 1
hope we may be told how Mr. O'Brien grew the plant.
I have no doubt the key to the problem was, that the
master was so lucky as to be able to watch his trea-
sure with his own eyes, and to apply his full intelli-
gence to it himself. I have no record of the plant
having been ever flowered before in Europe. The
last edition of Alton is silent about it. It is scarcely
credible that such a beauty should never have ex-
panded its charms in Europe — and yet it appears
to be so.

The inflorescence is one-sided, bearing about

but with a curved, gi'een central line going out into
a short apiculus beyond the apex. Petals cuneato-
triangular (rhomboid, if you please), serrate on the
upper margin, with indexed apex, green on the
upper, purple on the lower side, with delightful
dark purple transverse bars inside. Lip rhombic-
l.anceolate, narrow, small, purple, white on the
basilar part.

What is called now-a-days Disa venosa may be
distinguished by its narrow median sepal, by an
obsolete spur, forming an angular gibbosity, and " by
the elbowed lateral sepals.'' You may find this ex-

810

THE GABDENERS' CERONICLE.

[Cecembee 31, 1887.

actly in some species, also in Thunberg's Herbarinm,
but there are specimens which do not conform,
showing numerous passages to Disa racemosa, better
known as Disa secunda. The elbowed lateral sepals
are commonly seen in Disa racemosa.

The plant offers numerous intermediate charac-
teristics with Disa grandiflora, whose neighbour it
was regarded by Dr. Lindley. The green keel nin-
Tiing over the spur ceases there in some Disa grandi-
flora, whilst in others it goes on to the apex. The
same thing may happen in D. racemosa. Then the
internal picture of the petals is the same. I do not
think the column of both species is very distinct.

I conclude with the hope that many orchidists
may enjoy this beauty as much as myself. It i^
quite peculiar. //. G. Bchh. f.

Professor Eeichenbach is quite right in his sugges-
tion. I certainly did tend this plant myself until it
flowered. I got the tubers over in the summer,
potted them in peat, sphagnum moss, and crocks, and
placed them in the open air on the shady side of my
house. The pots were well drained, and hence the
plants, although inactive at first, were in a condition
to be watered with rain-water liberally without
getting too wet. Soon they grew vigorously, and
showed signs of flower-spikes, which after their
removal to a cold greenhouse shelf on the approach
of frost, they soon developed, and produced their
pretty flowers, which have the colours and at a
distance the appearance of those of La?lia autum-
nalis. Nothing seems sim|iler to me than the
culture of this Disa, which will prove very
easy to flower in the hands of all who flower
D. grandiflora; and I have reasonable hope of
introducing several other fine Disas which will go
into tlie same category, and be amenable to culture
outdoors in summer and in a cold frame in winter,
or on a shelf in a cool airy house all the year round.
Already I have flowered the pretty little white and
m.auve D. sagittalis outdoors in summer.

Disa graminifoliaand others, usually denominated
blue Disas, and having radical grass-like leaves, I
have not been so successful with in the matter of
flowering ; although I am convinced that outdoor and
very cool treatment is the right one, for such a mode of
growth. I have succeeded in getting some of the species
this year to make tubers 2h inches in length and 3 in
circumference, and in some cases far stouter than
the imported ones. If they can be grown like that
their flowering is only a question of time, for it is
recorded ofs ome of them that when growing wild in
South Africa they sometimes almost wholly miss a
season in flowering, are perhaps very sparsely dis-
tributed the next, and the following year they may
bloom from almost every little tuber.

Two things I think I have found out, viz., that
the blue Disas like a shallow depth of soil, and
that they (like the underground Lissochili) make
the best growth in loose vegetable humus, or much
decayed leaves, with a little sphagnum and some
sharp sand added ; they but do not like hard
jiotting. Another ]ilan I adopted, which I think
will bring success, was putting a dozen or so
tubers on their arrival last spring, into a shallow
jian, with only enough living sphagnum moss to
cover them. The pan was left in the open air
all summer, and kept wet, and the moss, grass,
and tubers all grew together, so that now there
is a score or so of fine white tubers in a perfect mat
of grass and sphagnum. It is in a very cold house
and I think it will certainly produce flowers which
I am anxious to see, as I think they are the same
as the fine bright blue Disa lacera, which fiowered
with Mr. Moore at Glasnevin some time ago. Mr.
A. H. Smee, The Grange, llackbridge, says : —

" We have tried the Disas in various soils, and have
found tliem growbestin Icam, fibrous peat, silver-sand,
and chopped sphagnum ; too much loam is not good
for them, and they appear to thrive best in a spongy
compost. Disa cornuta grows very strong, and
flowers freely; D. spatulata, D. lacera, D. gramini-
folia, have made fair-sized tubers ; and the rare
Habcnaria Boltoni is growing well in the same mix-
ture of soil, but instead of sand a quantity of
potsherds broken small are used."

It will be seen, therefore, that there is little to
prevent the successful culture of Cape terrestrial
Orchids, and no doubt when more growers adopt
open-air culture in summer, and when housing is
necessary on the approach of frost, are careful to
remove the plants to cool airy houses, the difficulties
which some experience with these plants will speedily
give way. James O'Brien,

AEDISIA MAMILLATA.

This is another addition to a genus which is
already well represented in gardens. The accom-
panying illustration (fig. 1.54) was made from one of
many plants which were raised in the Royal Gardens,
Kew, from seeds sent in 18.8.3 from the Botanic
Gardens at Hong Kong. From what has been seen
of the plants, yet as there is every reason to assume
that, when they become older, they will retain the
dwarf compact habit which they now possess. The
leaves may be described as oblong-elliptic, 4 inches
or more in length, and about 2 inches in width
across the centre. Tlie petioles are short, and the
margins are slightly crenulate. The dark shining
green upper surface is thickly studded with small
raised dots or mamilla, which suggested the specific
name given by Hance. On the under surface,
which is pale green in colour, there are small
hollows, corresponding to the mamilla; on the upper
side. There arises from the tip of each mamilla a
single and somewhat bristly white hair about one-
eighth of .an inch long. These hairs are also present
on the under surface of the leaves, and, indeed, on
every part of the plant, the flowers and fruit ex-
cepted. When seen between the light they impart
to the leaves a silvery aspect. The pale green mid-
rib is sunk above but is very prominent beneath.
The flowers, numbering some ten or twelve in an
umbel, are borne on axillary peduncles about 2 inches
long ; they are star-shaped and white, tinged with
rose. The berries, which are about three-eighths of
an inch in diameter, are of a brilliant rosy-red
colour, presenting a striking contrast to the dark
green foliage. The plant, even when not furnished
with flowers or fruits, is of a decidedly ornamental
character. This fact, coupled with the ease with
which it may be grown under ordinary treatment,
will no doubt lead to its becoming a favourite stove
plant. It is a native of China. A plant mav now
be seen fruiting in the stove at Kew. J. W., Kcw.

FERTILISING MOSS.

The use of mos3 in the cultivation of pot-plants
is not a new idea, and I am surprised that any gar-
dener should have any douht about plants growing
freely in a soil of which a limited portion (one-fourth)
was composed of fertilising moss. I have used moss in
the cultivation of plants upwards of twenty years,
aed have not found any other substance equal to it
for producing quick root-action. It was the rapid
ramification of the root that forced growths on our
Bouvardias from 2 to 4 feet high, and corymbs of
bloom 8 and 0 inches in diameter. Moreover, manv
of the plants carried from thirty to forty trusses of
bloom, counting from the terminal heads down to
the pot. This is a strong contrast to the state of
Bouvardia plants as usually seen when about six or
eight trusses are found on a plant in a 6-inch pot,
and the plant itself not more than a foot in height,
and incapable of producing any other trusses of
flowers than the terminal ones. A pair of " rose-
coloured spectacles " would be useful when
taking notes of such plants as these ; but none
were needed here when " R. D." took notes of our
plants, for a finer houseful of pot-grown Bouvardias
— and I say it without undue egotism — were never
Been. Unfortunately, we are not free, even at this
distance, from tlie baleful effects of the London fogs,
and the freshness and beauty of our Bouvardias suf-
fered much from the dense fogs we had a month ago ;
but the plants are still flowering freely, and will con-
tinue to do so for some time longer, so that Mr. Bell
may rest assured we shall not fail to winter them ;

and it will not be long ere the vital force beneath
them in the shape of a healthy potful of roots, will
cause them to put forth new growths for propagating
purposes, when the old heads will be removed after
flowering has ceased. Mr. Bell asks, " How it would
suit Fuchsias and Gloxinias ? " We have a stage
here in the front of an intermediate-house that
holds about 250 32-sized pots, and the whole of this
stage was filled with a regular succession of Gloxinias
from April to October, and the whole of them
were grown in a mixture of fertilising moss
and soil ; and they were favourably commented
upon in the gardening Press. They made roots in
it like quills — roots capable of imbibing large
supplies of nutriment — ^and the foliage was fine, and
good flowers followed in due course. While con-
vinced of the value of moss in the growth of soft-
wooded plants that are grown and flowered in one
season, I by no means wish to decry the value of
good fibrous loam. For all plants of a permanent
character I should not use the moss, except as a top-
dressing to assist in bringing up the roots to the
surface.

After saying so much for moss as a root- producing
medium, it may be expected that I should give some
reason for the faith I have in it for certain classes of
plants. I will endeavour to do so ; though I have
no wish to prate about the scientific theory of root-
action in the presence of the Editor, as I have no
doubt he would soon trip me up. However, I have
studied the root-action of plants under cultivation,
and I have found there are different degiees of
aeration needful at the root — according to the
nature of the plant — which are almost as neces-
sary to successful cultivation as giving plants
their proper temperatures. If you have a potful of
roots you must have that pot permeated in every
part with air if the root-action of the plant growing
in it is to be rapid and healthy. Hitherto gardeners
have used peat and loam of fibrous nature as a
means of carrying air through the soil in pots, and
now I say moss is superior to either for the same
purpose, but it is not of so lasting a nature, though
it is sufficiently lasting to carry a plant through one
season's growth successfully. It is superior to peat
or loam in its absorbent power, and this is of some
value to plants that are frequently fed with liquid
manure. I could give many instances of successful
plant growing with the aid of moss, but the above
must suffice for the present. I may add that the
fertilising moss I have used was supplied by Messrs.
Wood & Son, Wood Green, N. J. Roberts, Guimers-
bury Park Garde?is.

The Apiary.

THE HONEY TRADE.
On dit — (it is pleasing to air a little French now
and then ; it shows that one knows two words at
least) — On dit, that there are signs that trade in
general is about to improve, and tlie honey trade
more especially. Formerly the export of honey from
Great Britain was an important item, and was always
included in the Ileturns. But in 1871 the quantity
became so small that it was considered too insignifi-
cant to mention, and was accordingly eliminated,
Times have changed, honey is now getting to be
quite an " acquired taste," and, chiefly through the
labours of the British Beekeepers' Association, its
sale is vastly increasing. It has again appeared in
the Returns, never again, we hope, to be blotted out.
It appears from these, that the export of honey has
lately vastly increased, while the imports have greatly
diminished. This will, no doubt, go on, till no honey
is imported at all. This is just as it should be, and
just what we might expect. Ws say it advisedly,
that it is a wonder we have had to wait till
the year of grace 1887 for this news. There is no
honey in the world equal to British honey,
and as the world becomes awake to the fact,
the trade will go on increasing. It is
quite certain that a large quantity of what is im-
ported into this country and sold as honey is not

Decembeb 31, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

811

honey at all. Who has not seen pretty little bottles
in the grocer's shop with a little piece of honey-
comb dangling in something supposed to be honey 1
Think you it is honey ? If so, you are much deceived.
No bee ever had anything to do with what is in
those bottles. It is a compound made by man in
order to deceive his fellows, and profit by their
credulity. The British public was very slow to dis-
cover its error, but having discovered it, it is repair-
ing it with a vengeance. So good times are coming.
Bee farms are becoming plentiful, and though the
price of honey is not so large as formerly, there is a
very good margin of profit left.

We hear that the apiary of our friend Simmons, of
Kottingdean, is growing into something immense,
and is about to be turned into a Limited Liability
Company. I merely mention this to encourage those
beekeepers who are apt to get discouraged at previous
misfortunes which may have befell them in times
past. In conclusion, we wish all beekeepers a happy
and prosperous new year. Walter Chitty, Pcwscy.

Plants and Their Culture.

Florists' Flowers.

NEW WHITE JAPANESE CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS.

The year 1887 will be a remarkable one in the
annals of Chrysanthemum culture, because of the extra
number of very fine new white Japanese Chrysan-
themums it has produced ; or if not exactly pro-
duced, at least brought into notice. Mr. Henry
Cannell has been fortunate enough in introducing
two of them direct from Japan, viz.. Lady Trevor
Lawrence and Mrs. Henry Cannell ; the former of
these is a flower of large size with broad and massive
petals, white with just the slightest shading of pale
primrose that possibly bleaches out as the flowers
mature ; the petals are wonderfully broad, and when
fully developed it makes an exceedingly fine Chry-
santhemum ; and Mrs. Henry Cannell is also a pure
white variety, with large stout petals, pure white in
colour, and incurving somewhat, forming a very fine
and massive bloom. It is difficult to say which is
the finer of the two, another year's culture is required
to settle that matter. Mrs. Beale is sent out by
Messrs. James Carter & Co., who state that they
have imported it direct from Japan. It was awarded
a Certificate of Merit at the last Crystal Palace
Chrysanthemum Show. So it may be assumed to be
quite distinct from any of the foregoing. It is a
large broad petalled, pure white variety, producing
massive flowers when fully expanded. Next season
opportunity will be aft'orded for comparing it with
Mr. Cannell's two white varieties. Mrs. J. Wright
is another very fine while Japanese raised from seed by
Mr. John Laing, of Forest Hill : the flowers are
large, full, and with a beautiful pearly petal. It was
much admired when shown as a seedling at the
Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1886, but no one
thought then it would reach the size it did this
year ; but the capacity of development in a seedling
Chrysanthemum appears to be boundless. White
Ceres, a pure white sport from the delicate flesh-
coloured Ceres, is also very good indeed, and it was
very finely shown at the recent Apple show at Har-
penden by Mr. G. Beckett, who states that it opens
pure white, and remains so without any tint of
blush ; the flowers very large and full. Another
fine white Japanese is Charles \Vagsta8'; this is one of
Mr. Simon Delaux's new varieties of the present
year ; and though the first season's growth of newly
imported plants from the Continent can hardly be
expected to present the blossoms in the best form,
yet this was seen this season in good form, creamy-
white, bleaching to a purer white, with very broad
petals. Lastly comes Lady Cave, one of Mr. H.
Cannell's seedlings; as seen this year it is scarcely
large enough to make a show flower ; the petals are
narrow, and of a pearly whiteness, but it is very
pretty and free, and appears likely to rival Elaine in
its usefulness for cutting and decorative purposes.
But it may be said that this Jubilee year of Her
Majesty has introduced to us at least six new
white Japanese Chrysanthemums of undoubted high
quality. R. D.

DECORATIVE FL0^\'ER1XG PLANTS.

The Chrysanthemum season is far advanced, but
we are still able to cut plentifully good blossoms of
the following varieties : — Princess Teck, Hero of
Stoke Newington, Grandiflorum, Peter the Great, Mrs.
C. Carey, Ethel, &c. ; also Mrs. Jones, a yellow sport
from Ethel, which is an acquisition, and should be
generally grown for its lateness ; in form and size it
is a counterpart of Ethel. Our earliest batch of
Callas show a few flowers, which we find very telling
when arranged in groups in a warm conservatory,
and in the water tanks which have become bare
owing to Nymphxas, &c., losing their foliage. The
Calla pots are plunged nearly up to their rims in
the warm water — a condition which the plants seem
to enjoy. Poinsettias are now at their best : the
majority of our plants are taller than usual, but
they, however, possess stout stems and large heads,
while their height is of no moment as we employ
them to stick amongst Palms, &c. In order to keep
the flower-heads of Poinsettias in perfection as long
as possible, no pains should be spared to presen'e them
from all moisture. Plants of Euphorbia jacquiniiflora
are likewise in great beauty, and are also invaluable for
employing in a similar manner to the Poinsettias,
for which purpose we do not stake the plants but let
the shoots fall about naturally, the racemes of flowers
being more eftective and graceful thus. Cyclamens
are now becoming gay, and the best are disposed
amongst Primulas, Roman Hyacinths, &c., in the
front of beds in a show house, the worst one being
kept for cut flowers. In order to keep these from
getting drawn and injured by damp we afl'ord each
plant plenty of space and afford them more or less
air night and day when the weather is favourable,
hot-water pipes being sufliciently warm to slightly
raise the temperature of the house to 45° — 50°, and
this treatment also suits the Primulas, Begonia
Moonlight, B, insignis, and other subjects which are
flowering in the same house with them. Thomas
Coomier, Hendre Gardens.

The Orchid Houses.

Miscellaneous Orchids. — Plants of Vanda teres
that have been shy to bloom may be placed near the
roof, in the lightest part of the East Indian-house, and
kept dry during the rest of the winter season. Another
mode of treatment is to place them for about three
months in a dry cool-house, such as Dendrobiums
would rest in, afterwards giving a liberal treatment
in heat and moisture ; this will generally induce
them to flower.

The early flowering varieties of Cattleya Trianse
should have the benefit of the lightest part of the
house, which will help them to produce finer blooms.
C. Percivaliana will soon be in flower again. I may
state that I have found the blooms of this to last
longer on those plants that were opened in a tempe-
rature higher than that of the Cattleya-house. If
desirable, many species of Cattleyas can be made to
flower in succession by giving the required treatment,
and so prolonging the flowering season ; but to my
taste they are far more interesting when a good
display can be made at one time, so that the diS'erent
varieties can be compared one with the other. A
quantity of Dendrobium nobile, D. Wardianura, &c.,
can be so treated as to supply a succession of flowers
for more than half the year. This is very useful
where cut flowers are often wanted, but I think they
give greater pleasure as decorative plants when the
majority are bloomed at one time; otherwise they
become as distasteful to most persons as having the
Chrj'santhemum in bloom all the year round. C.
Wool/ord, Downside, Lcathcrhead.

gardens. All pruning and training operations of all
kinds of fruit trees have been well pursued, the
weather having seldom hindered this work. After
the pruning and training of wall trees is completed,
the border immediately over their roots, at the
foot of the wall, which has become hard from
treading during the operations of attending to the
trees, should be lightly pricked up with a digging-
fork to the depth ot 3 or 4 inches, to enable the rains
the better to descend to the roots ; and as it is seldom
that wall trees receive too much moisture at their
roots, this work should not be omitted. On change
to sharp frosty weather advantage should be taken to
wheel manure to the fruit tree borders, and the
materials for top-dressing should also be wheeled to
their respective places. All newly planted subjects
should receive a mulching of long stable litter, for
the better protection of their roots from frosts, and
also as a preventative of undue evaporation by
cold winds in the spring months. Attend to
drainage operations, where fruit quarters suffer from
stagnant moisture ; and during wet days the time
can be well employed by cutting shreds for nailing
purposes ; also stakes can be prepared and pointed
ready for use. Give the fruit-room frequent atten-
tion, taking care to remove all decaying specimens ;
make notes of the keeping qualities of the several
varieties, which will prove invaluable when ordering
fresh fruit trees. E. Ward, Hcwdl, Brotmgrove.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

General "Work. — The weather up to the present
time has been favourable for all planting opera-
tions, the soil having been in capital order for
working ; neither have we experienced continuous
frosts to hinder the work, so that but little of this
should now remain to be done in the new vear in old

Fruits Under Glass.

Pines. — First Sticcession-kouse. — The temperatures
of the first succession-house, from which fruit will be
cut in June, should be raised to Qtb^ at night, 70° by
day, in dull weather, and 10'^ iiigher by sun-heat, at
which point (80'^) a little air should be admitted. A
bottom-heat at from Sb^ to 90° should be aimed at.
Give suflBcient tepid liquid manure to moisten the
soil of any plants that indicate dryness at the roots.
The pathways, walls, and plunging material should
be damped more or less morning and afternoon on
bright days with water at a temperature of ^b^,
closing the house sufficiently early to run the tempe-
rature up to that degree of heat. Thus excited most
of the plants, if attended to as advised in Calendars
during the last six months, will show fruit by the
third week in February.

Later Sicceessional Plaiits. — These should have a
night temperature of from b6° to 60*^, according as the
weather is cold or mild, giving 5° more by day with
fire-heat, and run the temperature up 10° higher
with sun-heat. Keep the plants rather dry at the
roots, but when water is considered necessary give
enough, at a temperature of about 80°, to moisten the
soil, and otherwise treat the plants as recommended
above. Sucker plants also should be similarly
treated, but the temperature may be two or three de-
grees less than that recommended for successions.

Fruiting Plants. — Maintain a night temperature of
70° in the fruiting house, and 5° higher by day, with
fire-heat, running it up 10° or 15° higher with sun-
heat at closing time — about one o'clock in the after-
noon— when moisture should be distributed over the
pathway and plunging material between the plants.
A low temperature and humid atmosphere, together
with the soil being kept over wet at the roots, will
not only cause the latter to perish, but the fruits to
cease swelling, and ultimately to become black in the
centre ; therefore, conditions so disastrous in their
results as these must be strictly guarded against.

Melons. — Where it is desirous to have ripe Melons
by the end of April or early in May next, seeds of
some approved variety should be sown singly in
small pots in a mixture of finely sifted loam and
leaf-mould, leaving room in the pots for top-dressing
when the plants have made 2 inches of growth,
placing the pots in a hotbed or over the hot-water
pipes, with a piece of glass over them, until the
seedlings appear, when they should be put on a shelf
near the glass to prevent them making weakly
growth. A thin piece of stick should be put to
each plant for support, and great care and judgment
should be exercised in the giving of tepid water at
tlie roots, because, if the soil is kept too wet, the
young plants are almost sure to damp-off at the
collar.

Cucumbers. — Seeds of proHlic early kinds should
be sown at once, and treated in the same manner as
recommended for Melons until planting time arrives.
Rollisson's Telegraph, if obtained true to name, is a
good all-round variety. H. JV. Ward, Longford
Castle.

812

THE GABDENEBB' CUB ONI CLE.

[Decembeh 31, 1887.

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under no circumstances tcliatever, can any
particular position in the paper be guaran-
teed for advertisements occupying less space
than an entire column.

SUBSCRIBERS TO

'T'HE GARIJENERS' CHRONICLE
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forwarded with complaint).

IV. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,

Strand, W.C.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub-
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Now ready, In clotli, 11a. 6d.

rllE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. I.. Third Series, .IAN. to JUNE, 18»7.
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T'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

± IN AMERICA.

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Agent tor America :—C. H. MAEOT, 814. Chestnut Street,
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APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SALES.

(2000 Odontoglo^sum Ai,.v.,,„ir.r.
TUESDAY, Jan. .iJ and other Orchids,

( & Morris' Rooms.

WEDNESDAY,

FRIDAY,
SATURDAY,

i First Sale of 50,000 Lilium nura-
Jan. 4-; turn from Japan, and olherDulbs,

( at Trotheroe & Morris' Rooms.

1 A Fine Lot of Japanese and Ilomc-
JiX. h\ srown Lilies. Irises. Tuberoses,

I &c., at Stevens' Rooms,
, . „ ( Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
JAN. b.j Morris' Rooms.

The year now closing has been a
TheE^ients ^^^^^^ ^j^g for the horticulturist,

and it has been an eventful one.
No startling discovery ha,s, indeed, excited the inte-
rest of the naturalist, no very striking plant has
been introduced to charm the amateur, no great
buoyancy of trade has cheered the man of busi-
ness ; but for all that in few years that we re-
member has there been such a continuous stream
of activity. In consideration of the change that
we deemed it desirable to make at the beginning
of the year in instituting our third series, and in
issuing the Gardeners' Chronicle at a reduced
price, we may be forgiven for making passing
allusion to ourselves, and we may gladly avail our-
selves of the opportunity of thanking our friends
and correspondents and congratulating them-
selves and ourselves on a doubled circulation.
What we can do in the future in the way of im-
provements and increased number of illustra-
tions must of course depend upon the en-
couragement held out to U.S. Having disposed of
this " purely personal matter," we may revert to
the weather, and we have the more justification
in 80 doing in that the weather this year
ha.s been of a phenomenal character. After a
long tedious winter, when summer did come it
came with an amount of heat, and a deficiency
of rainfall, that suggested an approximation to the
Eivieran summer rather than to that of moist
rritain.

The coal bill is usually the great item in the
gardener's account ; but this year it was
decidedly the water-rate. Happy those who, in
that season of prolonged drought, had abundant
water supply. The full effect of this unusual
drought are not even now fully apparent — old
weakly trees and tender struggling herbage
succumbed ; in other cases, where the soil was
deep or well-worked, the unwonted warmth
and light seemed to give fresh vigour, and
wood was ripened and fruit set beyond the
average. In the summer came the Queen's
Jubilee, and we Britons went all for a time
more or le.ss mad. It is not for us to dwell
on the full significance of this event, but
assuredly we gardeners may look back with
pride to what was done by our community to
celebrate the Jubilee. At the instigation of Mr.
I'enny, gardener to H.R.II. the Prince of AVa' es,
and 5Ir. Clayton, a committee was formed to
establish a Gardeners' Orphan Fund ; and after a
good deal of earnest work that beneficent scheme
has bcLU successfully launched ; and children yet
unborn will live to bless the year of the Queen's
Jubilee, and the kindly feeling of their fore-
fathers. This event is highly satisfactory, and
we may fairly say highly honourable to the gar-
dening community : all the more so, as generosity
in one direction was not suffered to injure other
charitaljle institutions, and the Gardeners' lloyal
Benevolent Jubilee Fund was in its turn well
supported, and the interests of this most de-
serving institution, so far from having suffered,
as we feared might have been the case, have
prospered exceedingly. So much for our year of
Jubilee!

Garden produce and fruit crops were, in spite
of the drought, plentiful, on the whole, and of
average quality. Exhibitions were as numerous,
if not more so than ever. The great show at
Dresden was the principal event of the year in
this way — an event in which Mr. Sander, of
St. Albans, paiticipated to his great honour.
Of smaller shows the Chrysanthemum societies
have been the most remarkable. In addition
to the displays made by the highly success-
ful parent society there have been scores upon
scores of provincial meetings, betokening how
unwilling we are to lose sight of the flowers of
summer, and how welcome are those of early
winter.

Something has been done during the year in
attempting to remove or diffuse the inequalities
and anomalies of the rating of horticultural
structures ; but much more needs to be done,
and the Royal Horticultural Society could hardly
do a more useful work for a large body of its
adherents than put itself at the head of the
movement for the redress of their very genuine
grievances.

The mention of the Royal Horticultural So-
ciety naturally brings to mind the doleful
position of that body ; but so much has been
said lately, and so much more will have to be
said in future, that we may well be excused for
not dilating on that well-worn theme now.
Suffice it to say that the prospects are consider-
ably more hopeful than they were, and if only
the horticulturists will pull together, and not
fritter their energies over minor matters, there
is still a great future to be reasonably anti-
cipated for the old Society ; but we must repeat,
it depends upon the horticulturists themselves.
If they prove ungrateful and unfilial, or the
Council unbusiness-like, there will be an end to
the matter.

Among the publications of the year we would
incidentally refer to the centenary of the
Jjutanical Mngaxine, now and for many years

past edited by Sir Joseph Hooker. The history
of this unique publication has been given at
length in our columns, and it is, with some well-
marked and designed exceptions, the history of
British horticulture for the past century. The
publication of Darwin's Life and Letters has
once more shown how close is the reciprocity
between the practice and the theory of horti-
culture— " useless each without the other," for
the most rigid practitioner is, it may be un-
consciously, but still not the less truly, directly
influenced by the theories of his contemporaries
and the science of his forefathers ; whilst, on the
other hand, the man of science looks to the prac-
titioner for his materials and for the record of
experiments on a scale so gigantic that their
inevitable errors and incompleteness are to some
extent balanced by their magnitude.

Mr. Sander's magnificent Reichenbachia im-
proves, if that be possible, as it goes on. Mr.
"WiLLlAM.s' Orchid Album pursues its course of
steady usefulness. Messrs. A'eitch's work on
Orchids, of which two parts have already been
published, is a most valuable contribution to
garden literature, and the second edition of Mr.
Barron's book on Vine Culture will be welcomed
by all gardeners.

The Frost Report and the Report of the Pear
Congress of the Royal Horticultural Society are
both excellent samples of what the Royal Horti-
cultural Society could do if more support were
awarded to it. The Report issued by the Royal
Caledonian Society pays the London Society
the great compliment of imitating its re-
port, even in points of detail — a pretty good
proof of the estimate formed by our brethren
north of the Tweed.

The Obituary record is perhaps not so long as
it is sometimes, but the year opened gloomily in
the death of our old friend and colleague, Thomas
Moore, than whom for very many years none
worked more energetically in the interests of
horticulture. A memorial-stone was erected
over his grave by a few friends, which had to be
removed only a few weeks after it had been
placed in position, in order to allow of the inter-
ment of his widow. The death of Lord Hawke
took from among us an ardent florist, and a
great grower of Hollyhocks. Mr. Ki.n'khorn's
shrewd counsel will long be missed at the Floral
Committee ; while so long as Dropmore lasts, and
Conifers are cultivated, Philip Frost will be
remembered.

Our American cousins have to deplore the
loss of the old man eloquent Marshal Wilder,
whose zeal and sympathies for whatever was
good age could not quench, nor can even death
destroy their future influence.

The great agricultural chemist, BoussiNG.irLT,
rendered service of untold value to agriculture
and plant-culture. France may indeed mourn
for him as for one of the greatest of her sons.

Enough of the past — we have to make the
best of the present, and of so much of the
future as may be allotted to us. Great as ha,s
been the progress of horticulture it is as nothing
to what it might be — probably will be. The de-
pressed condition of agriculture, and the vast
amount of vegetable products imported into Britain
— a large part of which could be quite as well pro-
duced at home — will compel the landowner and
farmer to mould their practices after their brother
gardener's experiences, and the gardener will be
called to rescue agriculture from its present
low est.ate. For this purpose the resources of
the science and art of horticulture will be put
to the test — to the great advantage, we doubt not,
of the horticulture of the future, the more so as

Tbe Gardonersi' ChroniclisJ

TlO, 155, — CYPEIPEDIDM PEyEbTANS, (sEE P. 814.)

[December 31, 1887.

814

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeb 31, IBS'?.

the severer the test the greater likelihood is
there of enhanced progress and new develop-
ments.

CYPRIPEDIUM PR/ESTANS.— This fine Papuan
species was described by Professor Keichenbach in
our columns on December 18, 188(5, p. 776, and was
exhibited at the Floral Committee during the course
of the recent summer, when it obtained a First-class
Certificate. A coloured figure was given in the
Limlenia, t. 202, The leaves are destitute of spots,
the flower-stalks are pilose, many-flowered ; the
upper sepal yellowish at the back, whitish in front,
and traversed by fourteen or fifteen purplish stripes of
unequal width ; the petals are long, narrow, twisted,
with black hairy spots on each edge near the base,
the lip long, narrow, in form something like a
tobogganing canoe, shining, yellowish, flushed with
red. For our illustration (fig. 155) we are indebted
to the courtesy of the Editor of the Limienia.

Phylloxera Laws in Germany.— From our
valued correspondent, Mr. Max Leichtlin, we have
received the following communication : —

" From time to time laws and regulations have
been published in these columns, but no practical
advice has been given how to manage the despatch
of the respective sendings, in order to avoid trouble
and to secure their safe reception. My liints apply
to goods intended for Germany, and especially to
such receivers who reside in the middle and southern
parts of the empire. Permit me briefly to state what
the sender has to do.

" 1. The plants must not be packed in hampers nor
open packages ; they must be packed in closed cases.

" 2. They must not be put loose in the box, but
must be made up in bundles or bales as usual.

"3. The cases should be given up in London at
the Parcels Oftlce, of Best. Ryley & Co, Holborn
Viaduct Station, London Chatham and Dover Rail-
way ; in other yjlaces at t'le offices of the correspon-
dents of that firm ; or at the oftices of Sdtton & Co.,
to be forwarded by Parcels Express via Flushing.

" 4. The cases to be addressed, for instance : —
Jlessrs. Gabriel Brothers, from Mannheim, care of
Mr. J. J. NiEssEN, General Agent of the London,
Chatham, and Dover Railway at Kaldenkirchen ; or
Mr. WiLHELM Reiss, from Mainz, care of Mr. J. J.
NiEssEN, General Agent of the London, Chatham,
and Dover Railway at Kaldenkirchen.

" On the other hand the receiver when ordering
plants has : —

" \. To write to Mr. J. J. Niessen, at Kalden-
kirchen, appointing him as his agent.

'■ 2. To state in his letter of advice that the con-
signee is willing to pay the cost of examination and
re-expedition. In order to make this fully under-
stood, I beg to make the following observations to
the paragraphs concerning tlie sender : Nos. 1 and 2
are necessary, in order to bring the packages into
conformity with the regulations of the law and to help
the official expert judge to examine the plants in
the least inconvenient manner.

" As to No. 3, I must observe that the firms named
are in correspondence with the Imperial German
Post ; they forward the goods with care and prompt-
ness, and all goods carried by the Parcels Express
are forwarded in locked-up carriages from the vessel
at Flushing to Kaldenkirchen, thus avoiding any
examination at Flushing. As to 4, I must state that
I have of course quoted the names of Gabriel Bros.,
or Wilhelm Reiss, simply as examples ; in each
case the name of the actual consignee and his place of
residence have to be given. The addition of the word
' from ' after the name of tlie consignee is necessary
to put the address in conforniity with the postal regu-
lations, and enable the general agent of the London,
Cliatham and Dover Railway, Mr. J. J. Niessen, at
Kaldenkirchen, to act as the consignee's agent, and
to know at once where to send the cases to.

" As to the points concerning the receiver, I have
only to state that 1 and 2 are enacted in accordance
with the amendment to the law now in force.

" If the above instructions be strictly observed and
attended to by both |)arties there will be no difficulty
or trouble ; the official expert examining the plants
at Kaldenkirchen does his duty with great forbear-
ance, and charges very moderately ; the promptness
of re-expedition leaves nothing to be desired. If the
cases are heavy and the receiver wishes to economise,
he will do well to direct Mr. Niessen to forward by
goods or mail train ; if he desires speed, it is best to

forward by post. The Royal Dutch Government
does not permit the entry of any sendings, those
forwarded by parcels express excepted — unless pro-
vided with an English certificate signed by a Dutch
Consul ; it does not even permit the forwarding in
tr.ansit, whereas an English certificate is costly and
difiicult to procure, and on arrival at the German
frontier it has no effect nor value at all.

" I am very sorry to state that the louse is
rapidly spreading over the wine-producing parts of
Germany, notwithstanding laws and regulations ; but
it must be remembered that I do not wish to criticise
laws and measures — that would not be becoming in
me as a loyal subject, and would fall under a para-
graph of criminal law. Max Leichtlin, Baden Baden."

The "Australian Federal Directory''

will be published simultaneously, early in January, in
Melbourne, Sydney, and London. In the compilation
of this important work the proprietor, Mr. J. W. F.
Rogers, of Melbourne, has received the hearty
assistance of the Australasian Governments. This
claims to be the first real Directory of the Austral-
asian Colonies ; and it also provides valuable com-
mercial and statistical information, with numerous
maps, of the greatest importance to English mer-
chants. John Haddon & Co., of 3 and 4, Bouverie
Street, Fleet Street, are the London agents.

" Select Extra-Tropical Plants."— a new

and enlarged edition of this work will, we learn,
shortly be issued by Baron Ferd. von Moeller. An
edition for India was published some years since, and
we had recently occasion to notice the French
edition edited by M. NaudiN.

Iconography of Australian Species of

Acacia. — It is not long since tlie unwearied Baron
VON Mueller completed his remarkable monograph
on the Eucalypts, and now we have to announce the
publication, under the auspices of the Victorian
Government, of the first four decades of a similar pub-
lication devoted to the illustration of the Australian
Acacias. Each species is represented in a litho-
graphic plate of quarto size, showing the foliage,
flowers and minute details. There are, it appears,
about 3iX) well-marked species, many of whicli are
strikingly beautiful ornaments to conservatories in
the spring. In addition, the rapidity of their growth,
the economic importance of their wood, the value of
their bark for tanning purposes, and the copious
supply of gum they afford, render them of great
economic importance, on which account many of
them are now being cultivated in South Africa and
elsewhere. A correct knowledge of the species is,
tlierefore, all-important, and Baron von Mueller
adds by this publication another to the heavy load of
obligation under which botanists lie to him.

An Orchid Society.— a society (ceirk) has

been founded at Ghent for the purpose of exhibiting
Orchids, and of promoting good fellowship between
Orchid-lovers. M. A. de Medlenaere is the first
Secretary.

Prussian Horticultural Society.— The

Berlin Society has adopted a plan of giving certifi-
cates at the monthly meetings by a jury of seven
experts, five of whom must be present. The judg-
ment is made in public, and the votes are publicly
registered.

Chisv^ick Gardeners' Mutual Improve-
ment Association. — Ou January 25, 1888, Mr.
Lewis Castle {Journal of HortiaiUarc) will deliver
an address entitled " A Gossip on Orcliids ; " and on
February 1 Mr. Georoe Gordon (Gardeners' Maija-
zine) will discourse on " The Uses of Flowers in
Religious Services."

Durham, Northumberland, and New-
castle-on-Tyne Botanical and Horticul-
tural Society. — The Chairman of the above
Society, Thomas Gray, Esq., submitted to the
members on November 30 last the sixty-third report
of the Society's proceedings. From this report we
glean that although the season 1880 closed with

a deficit of £127, the present year closes with a
surplus of £323 95. lid. The main feature aimed at
as an attraction for the autumn show was an excep-
tionally large and rare display of fruit, and to this
end a liberal prize-list was circulated amongst the
most renowned fruit growers in the kingdom.
The liabilities incurred by the liberal prize-list
issued amounted to £470, but these were easily met,
money coming in from numerous contributors, the
executive of the Newcastle Exhibition contributing
£21 ; Sir Benjamin Browne, President of the So-
ciety, gave a donation of £10 lOs. ; George David-
son, Esq., Vice-Chairman, Mayor of Gateshead,
£5 5s. ; the Corporation of the city, £10 ; and the
trustees of the Charles Turner Memorial Fund, £10,
the last-named sum as a special prize. The spring
show is to be held on April 18 and 19, but the dates
of the later shows are as yet undetermined.

Edinburgh Chrysanthemum Society.— The

committee of this Society met on the 23rd inst. to
hear the Treasurer's (Mr, Alexander McIvensie)
report respecting the last show of the Society.
The report was a very favourable one, and showed
a balance of £25 in hand. The date of the show of
next year was fixed, and a select committee appointed
to draw up the schedule and re[)ort to next meeting
of the Council of the Scottish Horticultural Associa-
tion.

Publications Received. — Victoria Hospital
Appeal. — Almonds and Baisim (the Vegetarian
Society's Annual). — Une Lacune dans I'Histoire de
la Sexualite Vegetale. — Farthing Sinners.

PLANT PORTRAITS.

AsPLENIOJI FALCATOM, //te<TO<K)» fibrticofc, t. 29,

November 30.

CoMBRETOM cocciNEDM, Gartenfiora, December 15,
t. 1263.

Epidendrom 0NCIDI0IDE3, Illustration Ilorticole,
t. 28, November 30.

Glycine sinensis, fl.-pl.. Beetle Horticole, December
16. — A double-flowered form of the old Wistaria
sinensis.

Roses.

ROSES INDOORS AND OUT.

Three of the most useful Roses under glass at
this dead season are Niphetos, Gloire de Dijon, and
Safrano. True, the last is only useful in bud ; but
then who wants more than Rosebuds in winter ? And
Safrano, albeit its colour or lack of it, is not per-
fect, is just the thing for a buttonhole in Decem-
ber. The Glory is also finer and better out of season
than in it — if, indeed, it ever is out of season while
ever in bloom. Its buds under glass in mid-winter
are thinner, longer, and hence more elegant and
useful in winter than in summer. It is also now so
scarce as to escape suspicion of being common.
■Would even the Glory were more common at Christ-
mas than it is likely to be either indoors or out.

Niphetos is a charming mid-winter Rose — white as
snow, long and tapering, slightly fragrant, and
durable ; it is perfect either for buttonhole, hand-
bouquet, or vase. With a light house that commands
a temperature of 55° — 60°, and tliis Rose trained
close to the glass, a good supply at almost any
season is obtainable. During summer, outside or in,
the only fault of Niphetos is that there is too much of
it for buttonholes. But the winter softens and fines it
down to much smaller dimensions. Tlie great merit of
Niphetos on a roof near to the glass is that it grows
but little and blooms very much indeed. Each
growth of 6 inches or so produces or terminates in a
pure white Rose of the most elegant shape. Spur
back pretty closely so soon as the bud opens into a
quarter or, at most, a half bloom, and the base bud
breaks afresh into anotlier shoot with its embryo
bud. Thus treated, and the Roses or budlets cut as
they reach perfection, well established plants of

Decembee 31, 1887.]

TBE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

815

Niphetos will encircle the year pretty closely with
Roses. The great points are to avoid overcrowding
and stated periods of pruning. Prune piecemeal, and
the plants will flower on the same lines, for the
Niphetos, like most if not all the family to which it
belongs, is a true perpetual. With a genial tempe-
rature, and under such treatment as here set forth,
it will seldom be without flower under glass summer
or winter. Kept free from aphides and other insect
pests, its fine glossy foliage is also most useful to
fringe and separate its alabaster-like blooms — alike
in the brilliance of its youthful purple and in the
deepening depths of its more matured verdure.
Possibly the Puritan and the Bride are destined to
supplant or supersede the Niphetos ; but the time
for this is not yet, and it is well to hold on with such
a good old love as the Niphetos before being on
over-much with any new ones whatsoever.

But what shall we say of Roses from or in the
open in December ? Only this, that the Gloire de
Dijon, La France, Homer, on walls, and the old pink
and crimson China Roses, have enabled us to gather
nice pickings to fill several vases, with a few Niphetos
and others from the inside walls now (December 17)
and it is astonishing how the mixture tells in favour
of the skilful decorator. It might be supposed, and it
might happen, that the Roses from the outside in De-
cember would pull down the inside Roses to their own
level of battered and stunted mediocrity, but by the
liberal use of very fresh foliage, either from the inside
or out —Homer and La France being invaluable for
producing fresh shootlets in the autumn or winter —
as well as of the skilful setting of the more perfect
indoor blooms, the whole arrangement, or group, or
family may be lifted up almost to the high level of
the finest, freshest blooms. The art of giving fresh-
ness, an air of newness, a touch of fresh-gathered-
ness to the Roses, important at any time, multiplies
their charms manvfold at Christmas-tide. Bosa.

AVENUES.

Mr. Webster has done a service by calling atten-
tion to the kinds of trees suitable for planting an
avenue. It is frequently an important question
when laying out a new place, or in improving an old
one, if avenues should be planted in the one or
retained in the other. In planting a new park the
main considerations to be entertained when the
subject of avenues is approached, is — Does the pro-
prietor wish to have an imposing grand arcade of
overarching branches of Beech, of Lime, of Chestnut,
or of Horse Chestnut, planted at short intervals, and
not more than 25 feet from the centre of the drive ;
or is a warm comfortable promenade, with shade
trees at the sides, under whose branches he
can take shelter from the sun in hot weather, and a
road the sun can shine on and keep dry and firm
under foot, the object sought for?

If it is magnificent rows of giant trees that is
desired, I would say plant, where it will succeed, the
Spanish Chestnut or the Beech — a tree that does well
in chalky soils, or the Horse Chestnut, but not the
Elm; that tree is better in clumps, and somewhat
removed from everyday traffic. The Oak, Maple,
Tulip tree. Hornbeam, and Lime may all be used,
according to soil, position, or the preferences of the
proprietor. Any one who has seen the hundreds of
years old trees of the Spanish Chestnut at Hurst-
monceaux Castle, Sussex — the remains of what was
once a fine straight avenue, and whose smooth grey
stems seem hewn out of stone, and buttressed all
round, as is the manner of the species when old —
would not wish for a finer tree wherewith to form an
avenue. For beauty peculiarly its own the Beech
would be preferred to the first-named, and for a
great part of Southern England lying over the chalk
formation it is a fiist-rate tree to plant. The Lime
makes a good avenue tree, but it lias several draw-
backs : it leafs late, and sheds its garment early,
and, moreover, the foliage gets unsightly early in
the autumn ; but in dry soil, where other trees would
certainly fail, the Lime in its many varieties is
almost indispensable.

Whatever may be said in favour of avenues, it is
well to point out their disadvantages, as when costly
mistakes are made they seldom get rectified by those
who make them. The lines of an avenue are very
formal in any landscape, however tame the latter
may be, and are at their worst in a hilly district.
The hard, straight, or softly curved lines will not
harmonise with the surroundings, and seem to cut
the landscape into two portions ; then an avenue is
always draughty, and if it be in the direction from
whence the severest gales come, and should end at
the mansion, the latter will suffer in many ways.
The through currents of air in the avenue make it a
bad place to loiter in even when the weather is
hottest, and unless the avenue is very wide — like the
Broad Walk at Windsor — the road, if macadam, gets
rotten from drip from the trees, and want of direct
sunlight for a long enough period to keep it in a dry
hard state; and if made of turf it is either alternately
stodgy, or dried up, according as the season is wet or
very dry. M.

Nursery Notes.

ORCHIDS AT MESSRS. LOW & CO.'S
CLAPTON NURSERY.

The grand winter blooming Mexican Orchid, Liclia
autumnalis, is in fine condition here. The health)'
condition of the plants, and large number of spikes,
bearing three and four flowers each, indicates plainly
that the requirements of this are better under stood
than formerly. Had it always been managed as is
now the case, we ought to find in almost every garden
large masses of well rooted plants and plenty of
flowers, for the quantity of this Orchid that has
been despatched hither by various importers from
time to time, has been enough to have supplied
almost every garden in the country with a fair-sized
plant, whilst many would liave secured masses of
large size that ought to have become even unwieldy
in their proportions. However, too much fire-heat,
too much shade, and a too humid atmosphere have
reduced these clumps both in size and number ; and
if freshly imported pieces are subjected to tlie same
set of conditions, they, too, will meet the fate of the
earlier arrivals, and be known no more.

At Clapton this plant is grown very cool, with
plenty of light, in fact it will do without any shade
if the plants be sufficiently distant from the glass ;
but as many grow this species and L. albida in
baskets and suspend them, it is wise to protect
them for a very short time in the day when sun-
shine is exceptionally strong. The variety atro-
rubens is most beautiful, the flowers a little less in
size than many of the earlier imported masses of the
species, but the form is more compact, the sepals
and petals are broader, and the colour is much
darker. Where such plants as Azaleas, Pelargoniums,
&c., are grown, this charming Orchid may be placed
amongst them, suspended from the roof; and if kept
well watered whilst growing, and allowed a good rest,
when the blooming period is past, it is almost cer-
tain to grow and produce fine spikes of bloom to
brighten the houses in dull November and December.

The Phalsenopsis at this nursery are always a treat
to see, thousands of the genus have passed through
this same span-roof house ; and well grown plants in
baskets have become again the rule.

P. leucorrhoda with tlie peculiarities of both P.
amabilis and P. Schilleriana, was in flower. The lip
is very distinct and the rosy-pink colour is deepest
at the base of the sepals and petals. P. Sanderiana
is also flowering; many beautiful shadesof colour are
present, some of a deep violet-pink, with the lip and
side wings of the labellum pure white. One great
recommendation of this lovely variety is the true
form the majority of the flowers assume. The various
collections of P. amabilis, P. grandiflora, and P.
Schilleriana, are found in considerable numbers and
in excellent condition. Another fine subject now
flowering freely is Cypripedium Sanderianum. This
distinct species, from the region of Singapore, is in
some respects similar to the South American C. cau-

datum ; the lip of Sanderianum, however, is smaller,
in shape, somewhat like that of C. Stonei, and the
dorsal sepal is not nearly so long, and tapering as in
C. caudatum. The dorsal and lower sepals are light
yellow, and lined the whole of the length with
deep chocolate-brown ; the petals lengthened out to
18 and 20 inches in length, and are at the upper part
densely spotted with reddish-brown, the lower por-
tion being of the same colour. The lip is of a
shining mahogany colour. Of course many varieties
have appeared— some with the colours deeper than
others. There is no doubt it will by-and-bye become
a general favourite, for it has many charms to
recommend it. This species requires pot culture,
good drainage, a fair amount of heat, and plenty of
moisture.

Zygopetalum rostratum is here grown in baskets in
an intermediate-house, and flowers splendidly ; sepals
and petals light green, white at the base ; lip clear
white, with a beautiful purple crest at the upper
portion, and lines of the same colour running out
into the clear white of the labellum.

Cypripedium Haynaldianum is flowering freely,
as is Masdevallia racemosa with flowers of a deep
orange-scarlet, leather small in size, but very vivid
in colour. The spikes of this species continue
blooming some time. Calanthe Veitchii is flower-
ing very finely, and is good in colour ; Pilumna
nobilis, a very nice white winter bloomer, lasting
some time in flower; Dendrobium bigibbura, re-
quiring plenty of heat, slight hanging spikes with
several flowers on tliera. Odontoglossum crispum
was found in quantity ; a fine strain, the Sowers of
large size and of fine substance. As the light becomes
clearer, and the spikes now showing develope their
blooms, many of grand proportions will be sure to
appear amongst them. A yery pretty Oncidium in
the way of 0. bicallosum in growth, with flowers
on an erect spike of a clear canary-yellow, is also
very showy and attractive.

The immense stock of almost every species of
Orchid now to be seen in this establishment is be-
wildering to the visitor, and so quickly are the con-
signments sent home from their native habitats that
stout healthy masses ready to start away into growth
may always be secured, which, requiring little or no
acclimatising as root-action and growth answer very
quickly to the treatment accorded to the various
species at the nursery. Vatida.

Foreign Correspondence.

PLANTS OF ASIA MIXOR.

With reference to your notice on the 10th inst. o
Mr. W. Threlfall's intended visit to Mosul, I would
call his attention to a very beautiful bulbous pl.'.nt
which grows on the opposite bank of the Tigris to
Mosul, that is, on the eastern side, on the range of
low hills going north to the village of Telkef, on the
highway to Mardin and Diarbekir. These bulbs are
to be found at a distance of 2 to 3 miles from the
city. They bloom close to the ground in stony soil
under a burning sun, and have large star-like flowers
of a lilac-ameythist.

It is many years since I was there — when Botta and
Layard were excavating the ruins of Nineveh — but I
think June was the flowering season. W. J. Boss.

Olive Oil and its Adolteration.
The following interesting notes on the Olive crop
in Tuscany during the past year, and the production
of Olive oil, is from a recently issued Consular
Report : — Throughout Tuscany it is stated that the
crop following upon the abundant one of the pre-
vious year was extremely scanty, it being almost the
rule that there is never an abundant crop for two
consecutive years. In the Riviera district, the centre
of which is Port Maurizio, there was, however, an
unusually abundant crop, and in the Bari district
also things were better than in Tuscany ; hence the
export demand for Tuscan Olive oil was limited to
those markets, which must have the very best oil,

81G

TJIE GABDEKEBS' CBBO^tCLE.

[Decembed 31, 1887.

6Ucl] as tiie other districts named cannot produce.
From France the demand was almost entirely for
Riviera oil, which ranged in value fully 20 per cent.
below Tuscan. The latter fetched from 40 lire to
52 lire per barrel of 30 kilos., according to quality,
first cost in the districts of production. The ex-
portation of adulterated oil. in what are commonly
known as Florence flasks, continues, and has, indeed,
received a fresh development. Whereas formerly
the practice of certain firms was to put in these
flasks the lowest quality of Olive oil (not produced
in Tuscany, but coming from other districts, such as
he Komagna), mixed with Cotton-seed oil, of late
the Cotton-seed oil pure and simple has been sent,
the cases being branded "Olive oil" of superlative
quality ; but as Cotton-seed oil is to be had cheaper
in England than in Italy, things have culminated
logically enough in exporting the empty flasks,
packed in the usual cases, to London, there to be
filled with Cotton-seed oil, and, of course, palmed off
upon the public as " Olive oil " of fine quality. The
reason for this state of things is not far to seek. At
one time really fine and good Olive oil was exported
in these flasks, but over-competition, and the beating
down of prices by importers in England — who, be it
said, care nothing about quality, and insist only on
low prices — led at first to inferior Olive oil being
substituted, and next to adulteration with Cotton-
seed oil, not to mention short measure in the flasks.
Neither the flasks nor the cases in which they are
packed have at any time borne the true brand of the
exporter, this not being allowed by the importers, as
prejudicial to their particular interests ; hence it
followed that the best firms in the Leghorn export
trade have stood exactly on the same level with the
English public as the firms who resort to the prac-
tices described above, both being alike unknown to
the English consumer. The result is now apparent.
The Florence flask trade — a specialty of Leghorn,
these flasks not being procurable out of Tuscany — is
utterly discredited, and has been totally abandoned
by the leading firms engaged in the export trade in
Olive oil, who refuse to lend themselves to such dis-
creditable pr.actices. Therefore persons buying oil
in Florence flasks may now know what to expect.
It is not an easy matter to get the genuine Lucca oil
of fine quality in England ; the demand is chiefly for
cheap oil, the ignorance of the public being traded
on to a great extent. If the public wish to get
Tuscan, or Lucca oil, as it is generally termed, pure
and of the best quality, they must look to the stand-
ing and reputation of the firm by whom the oil has
been imported and bottled, and whose brand can be
considered a sufficient guarantee, since, unfortu-
nately, the leading firms in the export trade from
Tuscany are unknown to the public in England.
Failing these precautions they will probably get
rubbish.

Plant Notes.

iniAL.EXorsis lowii.

Mn. Watson, of Kew, in your number of the 17th
instant, raises the question whether there may not
be two varieties of this plant— one with long leaves
and deciduous, the other short-leaved and ever-
green. I have a plant which I obtained from Messrs.
Hugh Low and Co. in 1881, and at first grew it
on a potsherd which did not suit it, and now upon a
Teak raft, where it thrives. It has two leaves,
9 centimetres long — say 3.V inches — which it does
not shed more than others of its kind. The
flower-spike is branched, about a foot in length, and
bears seven or eight comparatively large flowers —
say \\ inch in diameter. W. J. R.

Stuelitzu hegina vah. cithika.
This is a new variety of the well known S. regina,
and now in flower in the Palm-house at Kew. In
the type the flowers are of a deep orange colour,
except the two united halbert-like petals, which are
indigo blue. In the variety citrina the sepals are of

a soft, clear, citron-yellow, the petals being coloured
as in the type. In habit, &c., there is no diflerence
between the two. The variety is cultivated in the
Grahamstown Botanic Garden as S. cordifolia. I
obtained a small plant of it from Mr. Tidmarsh, and
brought it to Kew last spring ; and it is this plant
which is now bearing two flower-scapes. If Strelit-
zia had been so fortunate as to be an Orchid
instead of a member of the Musa familv, this new
plant would probably have won much admiration.
S. regina was introduced to Kew in 1773 by Sir
Joseph Banks, and flowered for the first time in Eng-
land about the year 1700. It was one of the first
plants figured in the Botanical Magacinr,

LiCUALA GBANDIS.

It is now generally known that the beautiful
Palm, which was introduced and cultivated for some
years as Pritchardia grandis, is a true Licuala, it
having fiowered at Kew a year or two ago, enabling
the authorities there to set the name aright. The
historical specimen of it, see fig. 89, p. 415, vol. i.,
1874, which belonged first to Mr. Bull and then to
Jlr. Wills, and for which it is said no less a sura than
200 guineas was at one time paid, is now in the Kew
collection. It is planted in a bed in the Palm-house,
and its present dimensions are: — Stem, 4 feet high ;
head of foliage, 6 feet through ; total height, 10 feet.
It is now bearing three strong, flower panicles and as
the flowers in the genus Licuala are hermaphrodite,
it is possible that a good crop of fertile seeds will be
the result. This plant has flowered before, but the
inflorescences were removed, lest they might aff'ect the
health of this unique and very handsome specimen.

L. Vcitchii, which was introduced about three years
ago as Pritchardia grandis, true ! is also in flower at
Kew, and a flgure of it has been prepared for the
Botanical Magazine, Of course, it is a true Licuala.
W.

Scotland.

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF
ABERDEEN.
The first meeting for the session of this Society
was held in the Physiology Class-room, Marischal
College, Aberdeen, on the 20th inst. The session
should have opened last month, but owing to the
illness of the Secretary, Mr. John Roy, the opening
was deferred. Professor J. W. H. Trail, President
of the Society, presided. Mr. Andrew Mun*ay,
advocate, Inverdon, was admitted a member. The
Treasurer's report showed a balance of upwards of £7
in favour of the Society. Professor Trail was re-
elected President, Mr. John Roy and Mr. Anderson
joint Secretaries and Treasurers, and the Vice-Pre-
sidents Mr. Alexander Murray and Dr. Williamson.
The Chairman, after the election of office-bearers
had been gone about, read a very instructive and
interesting communication on the local algaj in the
late Professor Dickie's herbarium, for which he was
warmly thanked. The usual votes of thanks termi-
nated the proceedings.

Abeedeex Seed and Nheseey Trade.

The fifth annual assembly of the Aberdeen and
Nursery Trade was held on Thursday evening, 22nd
inst., in the Royal Albert Hall, Aberdeen. There
was a large gathering, some 260 people being pre-
sent. The hall was beautifully decorated for the
occasion with evergreens and rare hothouse plants,
supplied by the various nursery firms in the city,
each vicing with the other to make the assembly a
success. A conspicuous feature of the decorations
were the flower stalks of Ulva grass from the River
Congo, which were about 5 feet in length. [It would
be interesting to know what these are. Ed.]

Supper was served at 11 o'clock in the gymnasium.
Mr. I). C. Darling occupied the chair, and the
croupiers were Mr. A. Robson (Smith & Sons) and
Mr. W. Strachan. The Chairman, in proposing the
toast of " Success to the Aberdeen Seed and Nursery
Trade," expressed his regret that Mr. George Bruce,
who was to have occupied the chaii', had been unable

through indisposition to be present, and said that,
unfortunately for them, the seed trade had not been
in a very lively condition during the past few years.
He was glad, however, to say they were beginning to
see the rift in the clouds. The toast was coupled
with the name of Mr. A. Robson, who, in replying,
said it was not generally known that the position
occupied by the seed trade in Aberdeen was more
important than in any other city that he knew,
considering the population of the city and the re-
sources of the district. In no other place was the
competition so keen, and that he supposed stimulated
them to such activity that no one could live in the
North except themselves. Some people said they
were suffering from depression, but it was not de-
pression of trade they were suffering from — it was
rather depression of profits. However, they would
look forward to the time when they could make a
shilling off a bushel of Rye-grass, and when they
could get a fair return for their labours. Several
other toasts having been given, the company ad-
journed to the ball-room.

rODS OF MANDEVILLA.

As some of our readers may not have seen the pods
of this plant, we now give a reduced figure of them
(fig. 15(3, p. 817). In spite of the great difference in
form and size it will be seen that the pods are essenti-
ally of the same character as those of the Physianthu?,
lately figured by us, and indeed as those of most of
the Apocynaceous order to which the two plants
belong. Owing to tiie structural arrangements of the
flower it is obvious that cross-fertilisation, probably
by means of insects, is imperative; but we do net
know what insects are implicated in the business
either in its native country or in our own gardens.

Home Correspondence.

t^^ Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers^ or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.

Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of reiuarkahle
plants, trc^^, ^'c, are also solicited.

EICHORNEA (PONTEDERIA) AZUREA.— The no+e
by Mr. J. H. Hart in the Garfhners' Chronicle, p. 590,
is an interesting one. He describes very clearly the
results of mv introduction of this plant to Jamaica in
1883 (not 1884) ; but I doubt whether he has rightly
attributed the cause of failure — at least as regards
the Parade Garden. My own conviction is that the
plants failed, as the Victoria regia had failed before
then, because of the attacks of a species of water-snail,
Planorbis, which infested the tank. A similar pest had
entirely prevented the cultivation of the Victoria
regia in the Ceylon Botanic Gardens. It is cer-
tainly safer and better to establish plants of
Eichoraea in pots in the first instance, but I doubt
whether this is essential in every case. That they will
thrive when floating in deep water is evident by the
flourishing condition of plants now growing at Kew
where the water is nearly 3 feet deep, and where
little or no mud is found. There is also, as regards the
tropics, the question of shade to be considered ; and
this may have more to do with the success, or non-
success, of the cultivation than merely the depth of
water. The inflation of the petioles may be useful
in other ways than merely to sen'e as floats in case
of floods. While we are speculating, one theory is as
good as another. AVhy not as light but firm snppoits
to the leaves, so that they may act as sails to waft
the plants to the edge of ponds? Here they would
find the shelter and shade which would be denied
them in the open, and possibly also the nutriert
mud ! D, Morris, Assist a7it -Direct or, JRoyal Garden.',
Knv.

LATHYRUS CCERULEUS.— I have in my posses-
sion a trade list of choice seeds by a well-known
London nurseryman which contains Lathj'nis coru-
leus; the description answers that of what is known
as L. azureus, but being named L. crcruleus, the in-
ference is that it is put forward as a new species.

Decembeb 31, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

817

Now, if it is none other than Lord Anson's Pea,
which, under the name of L. azureus grandiflorus,
can be bought of any London wholesale seedsman at
od. per ounce, it is too bad that I, as a country
seedman, should be asked to buy \s. retail packets at
^d. each, when an ounce of seed at 3(^. would prob-
ably make at least a dozen of such. The flowers of
Lord Anson's Pea are of a very pleasing shade of
blue, but they burn badly under the sun, which
greatly disfigures their beauty. Perhaps it is this fact
which accounts for its being so little grown. If a
blue Sweet Pea of this colour could be obtained, and
the hue would stand, that would be an acquisition
indeed. X Y. Z.

GROWING ORANGES.— I notice in the Gardeners'
Chronicle of December 17, p. 755, a correspondent
writing about an Orange tree bearing twenty-three
full-sized fruits. I send youafruitgatheredfroraatree
bearing fifty-six fruits, nearly all ripe and of the size
of the fruit sent. I think it a great pity Orange
growing is so neglected iu private gardens. In fact
when you do meet with them they are generally
found in a very sickly condition. What can be more
pleasing, ornamental, and useful at this season
of the year than a good house full of such cultivated
Oranges ? Their management is very simple. Insects
are their greatest enemies — greenfly and scale ; the
former is easily kept down by fumigation, the latter
by a dressing of Gishurst Compound once a year.
(t. Bloxham, The GardcTis, Brickhill Manor, Bletchley,
Bucks,

NOTES FROM ASHRIDGE.— On the occasion of
the visit of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and
Princess of Wales to Ashridge, on December 16,
the reception rooms and conservatories, especially
the large conservatory, were charmingly decorated
by Mr. Lowe, the gardener, with splendid groups of
Chrysanthemums intermixed with beautiful ex-
amples of Poinsettia pulcherrima, Callas, and other
flowering plants — the abundant drapery of creepers
which cover the back and end walls setting off to
advantage the other occupants. In the reception
rjoms the Chrysanthemum was largely employed, to-
gether with Palms, Dracaenas, Tree Ferns, and large
quantities of the choicest cut flowers. F. J.

THE LONGLEAT MUSCATS.— In reply to the
remarks made by " K. G." and " London Smoke '" on
this subject in the Gardeners' Chronicle for Decem-
ber 24, p. 793, I beg to remind the former that if
he had read my note on the Longleat Grapes cor-
rectly, he would not have had the opportunity of
accusing me of being inaccurate in my information,
nor of referring to the best judge of Grapes in Eng-
land—whoever that may be — inasmuch as I stated
in support of a previous statement, that the Long-
leat Muscats were awarded 1st prize at every show
where they were shown this year, with one exception,
and that exception is the one referred to by your
correspondent. " K. G." must know as well as any
man that I am not likely to misrepresent the achieve-
ments of any gardener, whether he be an intimate
friend or comparative stranger to me ; I simply
place on record facts which are likely to prove both
interesting and useful to the readers of the Gardeners'
Chronicle. " London Smoke " — which admittedly con-
taminates the atmosphere of the metropolis — says, " I
am not in any way acandidate for the title of Champion
Muscat Grape Grower, but I think it ridiculous to
apply the term to the winner of half-a-dozen Grape
prizes at such shows as Mr. Ward mentions in his
report of the Longleat Vines (p. 748), especially
when the produce has been beaten by Grapes grown
in the London smoke, as was the case last year at
Kensington, and also have been surpassed at the
Crystal Palace for the last three or four years by
gardeners having very moderate means for growing
Grapes ; " adding, " I think when applied to such an
exJiibitor after these tame (?) results it brings the
term champion into contempt." It would appear
that " London Smoke," in his endeavour to disparage
the results secured by a gardener living in a purer
and lighter atmosphere than that in which he himself
apparently resides, has got lost in a " London fog ! "
Hence his inability to grasp the facts and meaning of
my matter-of-fact and unvarnished note on this subject,
into the discussion of which, without apparently
giving any forethought to the rash step which he
was about to take, he must rush regardless of right
or wrong. Sinceyour correspondent has endeavoured
to bring my judgment as to Mr. Pratt being
fairly entitled to the title of " Ciiampion Muscat
Grape Grower" into contempt, may I be allowed to
challenge him to name a man who is more deserving

of the title than Mr. Pratt is ? — a man who has taken
1st prize at every first-rate fruit show but one at
which he staged Muscats in good competitions during
the present or any previous year. I am not sure
whether the Longleat Muscats were not even more
successful last year than they were this, because, in
addition to taking 1st honours at most, if not all, of
the shows mentioned at p. 748, he took the 1st prize
at '* such shows " as South Kensington and the Crystal
Palace. "London Smoke,'' in other words, says the
shows at which Mr. Pratt was so victorious are of no
account ! Does he not consider Shrewsbury, Man-
chester, Bath, the Aquarium (London), and Taun-
ton, as being representative fruit shows? Before I
go any further I should like to point out to " London
Smoke " that there is a great difference between an
exhibitor of Muscat of Alexandria Grapes who takes
eight 1st prizes out of a possible nine, and one who
takes a like number of prizes out of a possible fifteen
or twenty 1st prizes— that is, the former shows at
nine representative shows and secures eight 1st prizes,
and the latter exhibits at fifteen or twenty equally
good shows, and secures only eight 1st prizes. It

would be hard to find in a given space so many per-
versions of facts and inaccurate statements as
" London Smoke's " note contains. He says that
Mr. Pratt was beaten for Muscats last year at
South Kensington and the Crystal Palace. This
is wrong, as Mr. Pratt was 1st in both
instances in a strong competition. The Gardeners'
Chronicle for September 11, 1886, pp. 342-3, says, in
the reports of the above shows: — " Two bunches of
Muscats: 1st, Mr. W. Pratt, with very fine examples,
massive, well set up — berries large, and colour a
rich yellow." In conclusion, I can assure " London
Smoke " that I have more than once in the horti-
cultural Press given Mr. Pratt's able predecessor in
the management of the gardens at Longleat due
credit for the manner in which he planned and
superintended the erection of the huge vineries and
the formation of the borders " for producing won-
derful Grapes " at Longleat ; and I am sure that
it is highly gratifying to Mr. William Taylor
to witness such ample proofs of the Vines
which he propagated and fully established in
the vineries at Longleat being still skilfully and suc-
cessfully tended by his successor, who, had he
been otherwise than a good practical Grape grower,
has been at Longleat more than long enough to have
spoiled the Vines there. Mr. Taylor has now as

good accommodation for growing Grapes as he had
at Longleat, having, as is pretty well known to
Grape growers, erected vineries and made borders of
like dimensions to those at Longleat since he has
been with Mr. Alderman Chaftin in the neighbour-
hood of Bath, and planted them with Vines of hia
own raising, and the produce from some of these has
been awarded 1st prizes at leading Grape shows
during the last two years. H. IV. Ward, Dec. 26.

CHAMPIONS. — In these days of championship
contests I see no reason why we gardeners should,
not have a " Champion Muscat Grape grower " ; and,
according to Mr. Ward's article on the Longleat
Grapes, I think that Mr. Pratt can claim more
honours than any other exhibitor of Muscats this
season. Your correspondent, hid in "London
Smoke," seems to think such eulogy ridiculous for
what he is pleased to call " tame results." There
is no objection to his giving honour to whom honour
is due, but does he think that " splendid borders and
houses " are all that is required to produce wonder-
ful Grapes ? I suppose " London Smoke " considers
such productions can be obtained without any skill
or trouble on the part of those who have charge of
the garden after the constructors of " splendid borders
and houses " have left. If Mr. Pratt had not known
his business as a Grape grower, the Longleat Vines
might now have been producing " tame results."
Vines deteriorate under bad management, even
though planted in the best of borders. G. P., Jun.

JUDGES AT CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOWS. —

Having now come to the end of the shows for this
year 1 should much like to make a suggestion to
secretaries and committees of Chrysanthemum
societies before making their final arrangements for
another year, viz., that they publish the names of
their judges in the prize schedules. This plan is
adopted by the " National " and one or two other
societies, and on all grounds is greatly to be com-
mended. I would further suggest that they appoint
practical men and not " theorists," giving preference
to men who have distinguished themselves as growers.
The ultimate result I fi-mly believe would be the
avoidance of much unnecessary grumbling and dis-
appointment. Exhibitor.

AVENUE TREES.— There is, to my mind, one
great objection to the use of the Elm for this pur-
pose which cannot be too widely known. I refer to
the liability of the branches to break off suddenly
without any previous warning when the tree has
attained middle age. These falls occur mostly when
full of leaf and after rain, during severe gales or
heavy falls of snow, the shortness of the grain in
the wood being held accountable for the peculiarity.
Against the employment of the Horse Chestnut there
is nothing to be said ; but why form avenues of one
kind of tree, and that a deciduous one? I could
instance several cases of avenues from one-half to
\k mile in length, some of Elm, others Lime, Horse
Chestnut, or other deciduous trees ; and what looks
more dreary for six months in the year, when all is
bare and often untidy — and especially in places
where it is impossible to give them a periodical clear-
ing out of dead wood? To my mind it would be far
better to plant a judicious mixture of evergreens
Conifera3, flowering and deciduous trees, allowing
plenty of breadth, so that there should always be a
good margin of fresh turf next the road, or (what
would look far better) a turf drive. With the great
variety of subjects now at the service of the landscape
gardener it should not be difficult to arrange an
avenue on these lines that would always be pleasant
to look at, and from the variety of its component
parts would never tire the beholder. W. H. Divers^
Ketton Hall.

THE TRAVELLER'S JOY (CLEMATIS VITALBA).

— Of the many good things which grow compara-
tively unnoticed in the hedges this is one of the best.
That its rampant growth makes it bad for the hedges
themselves there is no denying, but there are many
places where it can be allowed to grow on without
doing material damage to anything. An old Haw-
thorn bush covered with Traveller's Joy is one of the
most beautiful objects to be met with at this season
of the year. The delicate grey of its feathery masses
of winged seeds defies reproduction, its depth varying
in the bright light of a crisp, frosty morning, and in
the dulness of a bright December day. It is not,
however, in the dreary months alone that this plant
is a joy to the traveller, as in the dusty days of sum-
mer its abundant foliage, and scarcely less abundant
flowers, constitute always a welcome sight. From

818

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeb 31, 1887.

a garden point of view it is more suitable for forming
rough screens than for almost any other purpose.
Such things as dead tree stumps and slab fences,
which are not often desirable objects in or near a
garden, can be very quickly and eflectively covered
with this Clematis, and it has not the objection of
iiarbouring damp in the winter— an argument some-
times advanced against evergreens ; at the same time
its very numerous stems and fluffy masses of fruits,
even during the leafless period, are sufficient to form
a partial screen. D. J, Y,

LARGE POTATOS. — Tubers have been lifted in
this neighbourhood weighing from 1 lb. to 3^ lb. ;
White Elephants 3k lb. ; five tubers weighed 14'lb.—
another, six tubers, 10.} lb. ; one Magnum Bonum
2 lb. 3 oz. ; 2 lb. tubers are numerous ; Champions,
Manhattans, and Bresee's Climax from 1 lb. to 2 lb.
The following, from a contemporary before me, leaves
ray note of weights far behind. The Rev. W. Sum-
mers, vicar of Cartnel Fel, in North Lancashire, took
a White Elephant Potato from his garden 11 inches
long, and weighing 5 lb., less 1 oz. 1 do not say any-
thing in praise of these unusually large tubers, but it
is a proof that the tropical heat of the late summer
was favourable to the growth of the Potato, shallow
soils excepted. In addition to the above statements
of extraordinary growth, I may mention the fact that
more large Potatos have been lifted this season in
this neighbourhood thau ever before in the memory
of the oldest inhabitants. C. Lee, Boconnoc, Cormmll.

The Bulb Garden.

AMARYLLIS.
Your correspondent, writing on the culture of the
Amaryllis at p. 751, advocates the potting of the
bulbs now. We have here some very remarkably
fine bulbs in bloom, but our treatment is quite the
reverse of that of your correspondent ; our time for
potting is soon after the blooming season is past.
This is done very carefully, so as not to injure the
roots, and 1 use as small a pot as is practicable ;
but a 5-inch pot, as your correspondent recommends,
would be of no use to some of our bulbs. After
potting the plants should be allowed to grow away
in a moderate heat, and in the full light, so as to
keep the foliage strong and stout. In July our plants
are stood out in the open air in a warm protected
corner ; but when autumn rains and frost threaten
damage to them they are put into a cold frame and
protected for a short time and afterwards placed
in a house, the temperature of which ranges from 60°
to 66°. With this treatment the flowers come very
fine, with two spikes to a bulb, each bearing four
flowers. We are using them for decoration of the
rooms, and for this purpose I know of no plant with
such gorgeous flowers, and yet so easy of culture.
Wm. Cidccrwe/l, Thorpe Perrow.

Trees and Shrubs.

POPULUS PYRAMIDALIS MEETENSIS.
On the occasion of a visit to the renowned
nursery of MM. Simon Louis Freres at Plantieres-
lez-Metz, in the year 1886, we found to our regret
the proprietor was absent from home, but the head
gardener, M. Jouin, and the foreman of the fruit
nursery department showed us with true French
politeness the whole of what there was of interest to
be seen. On this occasion we remarked a gigantic
tree, Populus Eugenii, which stood in the nursery,
and had grown into an enormous specimen, similar in
appearance to the Quercus fulhamensis which once
stood in the nursery of Messrs. Osborne at Fulham,
and whose large and majestic proportions we had
often admired during our sojourn there.

We call the attention of nurserymen to this Poplar
— if, indeed, it is worth while to do so in the case of
Poplars. The variety is to be found in a few cata-
logues—to wit, Spath's, Rixdorf, Berlin ; and yet it
is, on the score of magnificent growth, worthy of a
suitable position in the park.

Populus Eugenii, P. pyramidalis meetensis, sprang
from seed, probably about the year 1832, and from the
Canadian Poplar. It isamalevariety, and was named
in honour of M.Eugene Simon, son of the former pro-
prietor, M. Gabriel Simon. The tree is of giant size,
as might be assumed from the extraordinarily strong
growth of the parent, and carries its limbs and shoots
perpendicularly, forming a columnar head. It grows
faster than other varieties, and is well adapted for
planting as a solitary tree in parks or in groups, but
not by roads or streets. C, Mathieu, in " Garienfiora,"
December 1.

The Minorca Box (Buxos Baleaeica).

This is a shrub that is not half so well known as
it ought to be, but further experience of its many
good and distinct qualities will, we have no doubt,
cause it to be cultivated in much greater quantity
during the next few years than it has been in
the past. True, it is, perhaps, not perfectly hardy
in the coldest parts of our island, but yet it is
sufficiently so to stand an ordinary winter, and of
which we have had ample proof during the past
ten years on a rather exposed estate in Northern
England. It forms a bush of pleasing aspect, from
10 to 12 or 14 feet in height in this country,
with light green, semi-pendulous foliage, and this
about four times as large as that of the common
Box. The appearance is very distinct and desir-
able, the leaves, in addition to being four times the
size of those of the common Box, having a light
green shining appearance, are of good substance or
thick in texture, and very closely arranged. The
flowers are produced in July, and although diminutive
in size, are yet produced in such abundance as to
render the tree quite attractive at that particular
time. They are of a greenish-yellow colour. This
pretty shrub is rendered of particular value from the
fact of its thriving well in the shade of larger grow-
ing shrubs and trees, and for this reason has been
planted beneath the Beech tree with perfect success
— a position few plants care to occupy. One of the
largest specimens 1 have seen is growing midway
between a large Oak and Beech tree, and where the
sun's rays never penetrate, yet, for all this, it looks
healthy and bright, has attained to 13 feet in height,
and is a decided ornament of that portion of the
quickly sloping mossy bank on which it is growing.

Delighting, and attaining to greater perfection, in
a cool moist loam, this shrub is useful for planting
in the damper classes of soils, or where drainage has
not received too much attention. As it has the re-
markable habit of forming autumn growths, it not
unfrequently gets cut up and the branch tips de-
stroyed, but this only occurs in early soils and
usually in cold districts. A. D. Webster,

Forestry.

CoNiFER.E AT Hafodonos, North Wales. — From
the quaint old town of Abergele, a drive of some
ten miles through a picturesque and well-wooded
mountain valley brought us to the entrance lodge of
Hafodunos, the beautiful domain of Henry R. Sand-
bach, Esq. To the arboriculturist this extensive
estate is of particular interest ; the thriving, well-
tended woods and the famous collection of Conifers,
several of which in point of size are, perhaps,
unequalled in Britain, being well worthy of inspection,
and affording lessons that are both instructive and
suggestive. Long has the present owner been known
as one of the most enthusiastic arboriculturists in
the country, the collection of rare trees and shrubs —
many of which are not met with beyond the limits
of a botanic garden^and well-planned woods showing
an amount of care and attention in culture that we
have never seen surpassed. Nor have fully fourscore
years clouded the memory of this veteran tree-lover,
for the dates of planting oi'many of the finest speci-
men Conifers were as easily narrated to us as if the
occurrence had happened about a year ago — nay,
even the iticidents connected with purchase, or the
donations of particular seeds and plants, were
vividly recalled and freely discussed.

The park ground being undulating in its surface,

and intersected by a deep and fertile valley, presents
a great diversity of aspects and situations that are
eminently adapted for the requirements of a mis-
cellaneous collection of trees and shrubs, and though
the altitudes range from 700 to fully 900 feet, yet it is
surprising how luxuriant and healthy are many of
even the so-called half-hardy Conifers.

Abies Albertiana may, however, be considered as
the pride of Hafodunos, the number of giant speci-
mens, and in the rudest of health, being alone well
worthy of a visit, for they are, perhaps, unequalled
in point of size by any others in the British Isles.
One of the largest ; which grows directly in front of
the mansion buildings, but at a considerable dis-
tance therefrom, is fully 60 feet in height, with a
stem girthing exactly 6 feet at a yard from the
ground, and with a spread of branches covering a
diameter of .j(j feet, and sweeping the greensward.
This is in truth a noble specimen, perfect in every
respect, and with the richest and greenest of foliage.
In the spring of 1878, when measured by the
surveyors of the Ordnance Survey, the following
were the dimensions of this fine tree : — Height,
56^ feet ; girth of stem at 2 feet from the ground, 48^
inches ; at 5 feet, 47 inches ; and at 10 feet, 44 inches.
So much is this unique specimen of Abies Albertiana
prized by its worthy owner, that the footpath which
runs hard by has been twice removed to a respectable
distance, so that the gracefully lithe branches may
remain unmolested by the passer-by. The Hemlock
Spruce, Abies canadensis, likewise grows with won-
derful luxuriance, many beautiful trees of fully
40 feet in height, and girthing nearly 4 feet at breast
high, having been pointed out to us, the largest and
most luxuriant occupying sheltered positions in the
dingle or valley to which we have previously alluded.

Pinus muricata, the Bishop's Pine, certainly took
us by surprise, for we wtre not before aware that
this distinct and interesting Califoruian species had
attained to anything like the dimensions that it has
done in these favoured grounds. Planted thirty-five
years ago this tree, or one of the largest, stands fully
60 feet in height ; girths G feet 8 inches at 1 yard
up, and has a spread of branches covering a diameter
of 27 feet. What is particularly remarkable about
this Pine is the persistent nature of the prickly
whorled cones, these remaining intact for a score of
years at least, and thus imparting to the branches
and tree generally an old and venerable appearance.
They are produced in clusters around the branches,
and on some of the longer branches I counted no
less than thirteen distinct whorls of cones, and, what
was most singular, these clusters were nearly equi-
distant apart. The whole tree has a rather weird
appearance, and is, perhaps not very ornamental,
this owing mainly to the generally unequal growth
of the branches.

Amongst other Pines that we noted in a thriving
and healthy condition were Pinus aristata or P.
Balfouriana, a neat and tufted semi-alpine species,
and one that we have very rarely met in with even
in well-arranged pinetums ; P. Strobus and P. ex-
celsa also formed magnificent specimens, and fully
bore out all that has of late years been written in the
Gardeners' Chronicle regarding their value for exten-
sive planting in this country.

The Umbrella Pine, Sciadopitys verticillata, is re-
presented by the healthiest and handsomest speci-
men I have ever seen, it forming a dense cone-
shaped mass of the richest green foliage, of over
5 feet in diameter at the widest part. It is planted
on a mound of fairly rich soil at a respectable dis-
tance from the carriage drive, and where it is fully
exposed to both wind and frost. Cones have been
produced for several years, and at the time of our
visit there were several of both the present and past
years ; male catkins were also abundant.

We may say, and without fear of contradiction,
that the largest specimen of the Himalayan or
Weeping Juniper (Juniperus recurva) in this
country is the specimen at Hafodunos, it being fully
26 feet in height and 7 yards in diameter of spread
of branches. A mistake into which even our
greatest authorities on Conifers have fallen regarding
the dioecious character of this Juniper is readily
enough corrected in the specimen under considera-
tion, but was likewise lucidly enough set forth by us in
these pages in noticing a specimen from the North
of England. This is a beautiful tree, or usually shrub,
and is not. for ornamental purposes, cultivated in
one-half the quantity it deserves to be. A cool,
dampish soil seems to suit it best — at least, under
such conditions have we seen the largest and
healthiest specimens.

Menzies' Fir, Picea Menziesii. is only fitted for
planting where abundance of moisture is present in

Decembeb 31, 1887.]

THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

819

the soil, as it soon puts on a rusty ill-conditioned
appearance where gravel or sand is present in too
great quantity. One specimen in particular, of
which we took note, measured 65 feet in height,
and was as healthy and well-furnished a tree as
could be desired. Cones were abundant, and from
their fawn-brown colour and gently arched s hape
impart a feature of great beauty to this Conifer.

This is a most distinct and pretty Spruce, and
being of free growth, and quite hardy, it should more
often find a conspicuous place in our woods and
parks than it has hitherto done. Its chief require-
ments are a strong soil and abundance of moisture —
not stagnant water, however. 1*. Ilookeriana and
the nearly allied, but perfectly distinct, P. Patton-
iana, grow side by side, and appear quite at home
in this elevated park. The latter is of pyramidal
growth, and with stiffish, well-set branches, and
forms a most desirable lawn specimen. Pseudo-
tsuga Douglasii Stairii is a most distinct and pretty
form of the Douglas Fir, and is here represented by
a bushy, well-habited plant of half-a-dozen feet in
height."

Abies grandis is here in all its glory, and quite
upholds the published descriptions of it, the stem
being tall and straight, and regularly furnished with
the most distinct and pleasing of foliage. There is
something about the general contour and appearance
of this tree that is very distinct from that of any of
its fellows, whether in the specimen of 16 feet
or of 60 feet in height. Abies magnilica we have
not, except on one estate in the North of Ireland,
before seen in such good form, it here growing
away freely and putting on that beautiful foliage
tint that it only does when planted under favour-
able conditions, and which so readily marks out the
difference between it and the nearly allied though
specifically distinct plant, A. nobilis. A. Webbiana
proves what we have more than once noted, that
in order to grow this peculiarly handsome Fir to
perfection in this country it must be planted
at a high altitude, and where it is not in-
duced to start into growth too early in
spring. The largest specimen occupied a high-
lying site above the mansion, but where it is par-
tially sheltered from the prevailing winds of that
mountain district. A. Pinsapo and A. Nordraan-
niana are well represented by fine, healthy, large-
sized specimens, one of the latter in particular being
a model of beauty and with foliage of the richest
description. In the giant Arbor-vitfl3, Thuia
gigantea, will be found another first-class tree for
the climate of this country, and no better proof of
how it will succeed at high altitudes can we adduce
than an examination of the many fine trees scattered
about these grounds, but particularly that large,
symmetrical, and well branched specimen that occu-
pies so conspicuous a position on the left of the main
drive and within 50 yards of the house. Long ago
have we strongly advocated the extended use of this
Arbor-vitie as a timber tree in this country, and an
examination of specimens in almost every part
of these isles clearly proves that our statements were
not incorrect.

Of Cypresses, Cupressus Lawsoniana is well repre-
sented in several large and shapely plants, the
healthy appearance of which clearly points out that
it, too, is well suited for ornamenting upland

Cephalotaxus pedunculata fastigiata is a rare tree,
or rather shrub — for we have not, even under the
most favourable circumstances, seen it exceeding
2 feet in height. It is of a semi-upright habit, with
several branches spreading out horizontally, the
foliage of these latter being distichous, while that of
the plant generally is scattered around the stem in
an irregular manner. This is well exemplified in
the plant under consideration at Hafodunos.

Coniferous trees are, however, not the only occu-
pants of the Hafodunos woods and park, for the
collection of rare shrubs and deciduous trees is rich
indeed, and must have occasioned a considerable
amount of pains and trouble in bringing together.

Two rare and distinct South American Beeches,
Fagus antarctica and F. betuloides. grow here with
great luxuriance ; and considering how ornamental
and distinct these species are, one can only wonder
that they are not more frequently cultivated in our
dressy woods and grounds. The latter is an ever-
green species, with small coriaceous and deeply
toothed leaves.

The Fern or cut-leaved Beech, F. asplenifolia,
is another highly decorative plant, and of which a
40-feet high specimen, of the most perfect outline,
ornaments a well-chosen part of the grounds. In
the Scarlet Oak, Quercus coccinea, will be found

another very ornamental tree, and which during the
autumn months presents a wealth of deep red
foliage, which it would be difficultt to excel.
The largest specimen is growing in the dell, and is
now fully 60 feet in height, and with a well-furnished
and shapely trunk. Q. glabra, with its laurel-like
leaves, which by-the-bye, are evergreen is as curious
and distinct as it is little seen. Hollies are abund-
ant : we refer to the rarer kinds, such as Ilex lati-
folia and I. balearica— two worthy occupants of any
shrubbery.

Magnolia grandiflora thrives quite as well at
800 feet altitude as we have seen it at sea-level on
the coast of Wales, and produces flowers quite as
freely.

The commoner trees, such as the Cedars, Arau-
caria imbricata, Taxodiums, and Cryptomerias, we
have passed unnoticed, not on account of their being
unrepresented, but as time and space are limited.

The rock garden is both extensive and well formed,
it being cut out of a natural rocky bank close to the
house, the shelving ledges and rugged clefts affording
all that is required for the very large collection of
alpines with which it has been planted. A. D. W.

THE ACTION OF SULPHUROUS
VAPOURS ON PLANTS.

The following conclusions were arrived at as the
result of the elaborate series of experiments per-
formed by the late Professor E. Morren, and pub-
lished in the Bdgiqite Hortiook after the death of the
author : —

Leaves are more sensitive to the action of sul-
phurous acid than flowers. A. proportion of sulphur-
ous acid gas, sufficient to affect the leaves, has no
appreciable effect on the flowers. A proportion of
1-80,000 to 1-00,000 part of sulphurous acid gas is
sufficient to cause great pathological alterations on
the leaves of fruit trees ; 1-80,000 of sulphurous acid
in the air will affect the Apple ; but one part of gas
in 100,000 of air produces no result. The changes
produced by sulphurous acid gas on leaves seems to
spread after the gas has directly ceased to act. The
prejudicial effect of sulphurous acid gas on the leaves
is shown by the appearance of yellowish-brown and
irregular specks. These are particularly noticeable
at the tips and edges of the leaves, and extend over
the cellular part of the leaf. The nerves are least
affected, and usually remain green. Adult leaves
are usually more sensitive to the action of sul-
phurous acid than are young leaves that have not
attained their complete development. The alter-
ation begins by the formation of dull greenish-white
spots, situated between the nerves and on the edge
of leaves ; these spots, which spread a little, turn
green, then rusty-brown. At length the dead tissues
are destroyed, and the leaves are perforated and
torn. The action of sulphurous acid gas (a propor-
tion of 1-80,000) is evident in a very short time,
usually in three to five hours.

Sulphurous acid gas dissolved in water, and placed
on either of the surfaces of the leaf, is almost with-
out effect on the upper, while on the lower surface,
each little drop causes the formation of a spot
of greenish-brown discoloration visible on both sur-
faces. It is proved from experiments concerning the
comparative effect of sulphuric acid and sulphurous
acid dissolved in water that this gas by its contact
with the vapour of water and the oxygen of the air is
not changed, at least not rapidly, into sulphuric acid.
Each of these two acids has a distinctly different
effect. The action of sulphurous acid, as a solution
or in a gaseous state, is as potent by night as by day.
All the sources of sulphurous acid — and these are
numerous — affect'the vegetation in the neighbour-
hood. Near certain industrial establishments which
use sulphur, or which consume pyretic fuel, the
vapours spread death around them. The action is
unvarying ; wherever a furnace is used and a chimney
is raised, this result is noticeable. We speak of
Belgium, where coal of more or less pyretic cliaracter
is usually burnt. The smallest chimney isolated in
the country influences the foliage near it, and with
a little experie;:ce we can easily pick the leaves
showing the effects of sulphurous acid. La Belgiqm
Horticole., p. 324.

The Weather.

Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and
duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or
below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day-
degrees — a "Day-degree" aignifying 1" continued for
twenty-four houra. or any other number of degrees for an
inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperatitre.

Above or

Accumulated.

sa

Sa

below the

h

b,

Mean for

•SjJ

^M

M a

the week

l^

^'mS

ending

1^

■ gs

Dec. 26.

1^

Is'

<&

nb

Day-

Day-

Day-

Day-

duciug Districta.

deg.

deg.

deg.

deg.

0. Scotland, N. ...

5 below

0

65

+ 28

+ 134

1. Scotland, E. ...

3 below

0

53

-1- 62

+ 95

2. En&land, N.E. ...

4 below

0

65

— lOOJ-1- 126

3. England, E. ...

6 below

0

6a

— 170-1- 257

4. Midland Cos. ...

5 below

0

69

— 135-1- 249

5. England, S.

6 below

0

67

— 204

+ 206

Principal Grazing, &c.,

Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

5 below

0

48

— 98

+ 108

7. England, N.W....

5 below

0

47

— 113

-1- 164

8. England, S.W. ...

6 below

0

41

— 159

+ 235

9. Ireland, N.

2 below

3

26

+ 90

+ 24

10. Ireland, S.

5 below

0

34

+ 83

-1- 129

— Channel Islands

4 below

7

16

- 128

-1- 73

Eainfall.

Bright
Sunshine.

DlSTBIOTS.

1 =

si!
1"

if

l¥

Principal Whcatpro-
ducing Districts.

Tenths of
Inch.

Ins.

0. SOOTliKD, N. ...

4 less

23S

41.1

19

33

1. Scotland, E. ...

3 less

119

24.6

6

31

2. England, N.E. ...

3 more

167

20.2

16

31

3. England, E. ...

3 less

161

18.9

18

39

4. Midland Cos. ...'

6 leas

145

19.3

17

35

5. England, S. ...

6 less

1-17

21.5

14

38

Principal Grazing, &c.,
Districts.

6. Scotland, W. ...

8 less

179

38.7

17

34

7. England, N.W....

7 less

160

26.1

29

35

8. England, S.W....

9 less

157

28.1

31

45

9. Ireland, N.

4 less

186

32.3

20

31

10. Ireland, S. ...

8 less

158

28.0

33

39

— Channel Islands

4 less

178

25.6

21

48

THE PAST WEEK.
The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending Dec. 26, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been somewhat finer generally
than that reported of late. Over the greater part of
Ireland and Scotland, however, as well as over the
north of England, showers of cold rain, sleet, or
snow have been very prevalent. In the south,
central, and south-western parts of England the
weather has been comparatively dry.

" The temperature has been below the mean in all
districts, the deficit being as much as 5^ or Q° in
most parts of England, and 2° to .5° over Ireland
and Scotland. The highest of the maxima, which
were recorded either on the 23rd or 24th, ranged
from 41° in 'England, N.E.,' to 40° in 'Scotland,
E.,' ' England, S.W.,' and ' Ireland, S.' The lowest
of the minima, which were registered on the 22nd in

8Z0

TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembeh 31, 1887.

Scotland and on varioas dates in England and Ire-
land, ranged from 9° to 17° in Scotland, from 21°
to 24° in Ireland, and from 19° to 24° over England.
In the ' Channel Islands' the lowest reading was 35°.

" The rainfall has been more tlian the mean in
■ England, N.E.,' but less in all other districts.

" Bright simshine has been less prevalent than it
was last week in the ' Wheat producing ' districts,
but rather more so in most of the ' grazing' districts.
The percentage of the possible amount of duration
ranged from 6 to 19 in Scotland, from 20 to 33 in
Ireland, and from 14 to 31 in England.

MEAN TEMPEKATIIRE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR-
INQ THE WEEK ENBINQ JAN. 7. (AVERAGE OF
FORTY-TKREE YEARS.)

Jan. 1 ...

seo.s

Jan. 5 ...

.. 36°.4

„ 2 ...

SH".!

„ 6 ...

.. 36°.4

„ 3 ...
„ 4 ...

se^.B

SB-.S

.. 7 ...
Mean for the w

eek

.. .36°.3
.. 36° .5

Notices to Correspondents.

Intellioent Readers, do please Note that letters
re/atinff to Advebtisements, or to the supply of
the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisheh,
and that all communications intended for publica-
tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming,
should be addressed to the Editor. Such com-
munications should be written on one side only
of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos-
sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should
be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the
Editor to see.

Drawing: Constant Reader. Flower drawing with
accuracy of detail would be of much value to you as
a gardener, as would be in a minor degree the draw-
ing and colouring of trees and shrubs. Archi-
tectural drawing is of small use to a gardener,
whilst the knowledge of drawing of plans for parks,
gardens, &c., can generally be turned to good
account. For the drawing of flowers, foliage, &c.,
put yourself under an adept in the art for a short
period of time, or see the useful illustrated articles
by Fitch in our volume for 1869. Plan drawing,
which is usually taught in combination with sur-
veying, may be learnt in a land agent's office. We
cannot give you an idea of the terms demanded
by teachers of either art, these varying very con-
siderably.
Germination of the Seeds Inside Tomato Chis-
wicK Red : J. C. ^ Co. This is not a peculiarity
of any one variety of Tomato, nor, indeed, of the
Tomato alone, but is met with in Melons, Gourds,
Papaw, Pernettyas. &c.
GouKD : G. F. W. We are quite unable to name the

Gourd without leaves and flowers.
Insects : E. S. P. The moth sent by your Jamaica
correspondent (the caterpillar of which was stated
by him to feed on young shoots of Maize or Indian
corn) is the Corn-bud worm moth, Phaloena frugi-
perdi (Abbot and Smith, Insects of Georgia, vol. ii.,
pi. 96). The fall army worm moth of Riley— Eighth
Annual Report, p. 48, S. 27— a variable species
which feeds on other vegetables occasionally to a
considerable extent. It belongs to the family
Noctuid-T. /. 0. iV.
Names of Plants : To.Tleth. Lielia anceps Stella.
Raisers of Japanese Chbtsanthemcms : F. W. E.
Boucharlet, Lacroi.x, Delaux, and others. Mr. W.
Thompson, florist and seedsman. Tavern Street,
Ipswich, offers seeds.
RosERiEs : T. B. T. Seeds of an Elseocarpus, an

Indian tree of the Lime family — Tiliacese.
Statistics : E. E. 1 , See the Garden Annual, or the
Horticultural Year Books ; 2, see the Board of
Trade returns ; 3, impossible to give particulars ;
4, see answer No. 1. We fear, however, that no
complete statistics on any one of the points you
mention can be obtained.
The Crown of Grass ; X. The Corona graminea
was conferred by the unanimous vote of the soldiers
on any person who had by his valour or skill saved
the army from destruction. It was composed of
grass gathered on the site of the rescue, and was
far more highly esteemed than any other " decora-
tion " conferred by emperors or generals.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Ralph Ceosslino, Penarth Nurseries, South Wales
— Forest Trees.

Alex. E. Campbell, Cove Gardens, Gonrock, N.B.—
Hybrid Gladioli.

F. RoEMER, Quedlinburg, Germany — Choice German
Flower, Vegetable, and Agricultural Seeds.

John Laino & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E. —
Seeds, Novelties, Begonias, and Plants.

B. S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,
Upper Holloway, London, N. — Seeds.

Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge — Spring Cata-
logue for 1888.

II. Cannell & Sons, Swaifley, Kent — Chrysanthe-
mums.

Jaubs Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's
Road, Chelsea, S.W.— Seeds.

F. & A. Dickson & Sons, Upton Nurseries,
Chester — Vegetable and Flower Seeds.

Chb. Lorenz, Erfurt, Germany — Seeds.

SnTTON & Sons, Reading — Amateurs' Guide for 1888.

R. Gilbert, Burghley Park, Stamford — Fruits,

Flowers, and Vegetables.
William Babhon & Sons, Elvaston Nurseries, Bor-

rowash — Ornamental Plants.

G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Ravenna Road,

Putney, S.W. — Chrysanthemums.
Dickson, Beown & Tait, 43 and 45, Corporation

Street, Manchester — Vegetable and Flower

Seeds.
Dickson & Robinson, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester

— Vegetable and Flower Seeds.
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent — Vegetable and

Flower Seeds.

Communications Received:— J. Laing & Sons (letter to
follyw).— R. H. M.— J. T. B.— Dr. Buysmann. Middlebuig.
— T. C. — W. C. — S. Courtauld. — Prof. Cornu, Paris. — Sereno
Watson. Cambridge. Mass. — D. O. — C. Naudin. Antibes (witti
best thanks).— W. B. H.— Mr. Kimball, Rochester, U.S.—
Sander & Co.— Italian Eithibition.— Prof. Ward.— G. H.—
W. H. D.— W. B.— J. G. B.— Wild Rose.— H. Low &. Co.—
a. U.—3. W. L. (shortly)— E. B.— W. S.— N. E. B.— A. D.
W.— W. W.— W. J.— W. G. S.— J. C. & Co.— J. H.— W. H.
D.— A. W.— F. J. R.— T. O — O. T.— Sutton & Sons.- W. W.
&. Sons.— X.Y. Z. (with thanks).— J. Shaw.
^° Correspondents sending plants or fruits to he named, or

asking qitestions demanding timeand research for their solution,

must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the

current week.

DIED. — Mr. E. Spart, well known some years ago
in gardening circles as the proprietor of The
Graperies, Brighton, died quite suddenly on the 27th
inst., aged eighty-four years. Mr. Spary was for
thirty-seven years a subscriber to, and latterly a pen-
sioner, of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti-
tution.

Plamts in Pots.-

Aralia Siefwldi, doz. 6
Azalea, per dozen ...30
Bouvardia, per dozen 9
Cfirysanthemums,

per dozen 6

Cyclamen, per dozenlS
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Draceena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 9
Epiphyllum. doz. ...12
Ericas, various, doz. 9
Euonymus. in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4

ARKETS.

CO VENT GARDEN, December 29.

[We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us reguliirly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, 'who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not ouly
from day to day, but often several times in one day. and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Mahket relapsed to its former quiet state, there
being little demand, and few consignments reachinf;
us this week. James Webber, JVholesale Apple Market.
Odt Flo webs.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun ... 3 0- 6 0
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 6 0-90
Azaleas. 12 sprays ... 1 0- 1 6
Bouvardiaa, per bun. 0 6-10
Camellias. 12 blms... 3 0-60
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30
Chrysanth., 12 bun.l2 0-3(1 0
— large, 12 blooms 2 0-60
Cyclamens, 12 blms. 0 6-10
Eucharis, per dozen 6 0-80
Gardenias. 12 blooms 8 0-12 0
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6-10
Hellebore, or Christ-

ma-s Rose, 12 blms. 0 9-20
Hyacin..Rom..l2sp. 0 6-10
Lily of Valley. 12 spr. 0 9-16
Marguerites. 12 bun. 3 0-60

Narciss., paper white,
Fr., 12 bunches ...
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.
— scarlet, 13 spr....
Primulas, double, 12
sprays

— single, 12 bun....
Roses, Tea, per doz.

— coloured, dozen.

— red.perdozen ...

— Safrano. dozen...
Tuberoses. 12 blms....
Tulips, 12 blooms ...
Violets, 12bunche8,..

— French, bunch...

— Fr. Parme. bun.
White Lilac, French.

per bunch

-Average Wholesajj: Pbices.

$.d. t.d.
Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6 0-24 0

icus elastica. each . 1 fr- 7 Q
Foliage plants, van

, each 2 0-10 0

Hyacinths, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
Lilyof Valley. 12 pts.lS 0-24 0
Marguerites, doz. ... 9 0-12 0
Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0
Palms, in var., each 2 6-21 0
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ...3 0-6 0
Poinsettias doz. ...12 0-18 0
Primulasiuensis.doz. 4 0-60
,, per dozen . 9 0-12 0
Tulips (pots of), doz. 8 0-99

d.s.d.
0-18 0

0-43 0

0-12 0

0-lS 0

0-24 0

0-12 0

0-«0 0

0-24 0

0-24 0

0-18 0

0-18 0

0-18 0

Fruit.— Average WHOL£sij.E Prices.

«. d. s. d. 1 «. d. s. d.

Apples, j-siere ... 1 a- 3 6 Melons, each ... 0 6- 3 0

Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 3 0 Pears, j-sieve ... 2 8-60

— Channel Isl.. lb. 1 0- 1 6 — French, dozen... 10-16
Kent Cobs, 1001b.. ..60 0- ... Pine-apples.Eng.,lb. 10-20
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 I —St. Michael, each 2 0-50

Veoetables.— Average Retail Prices.

Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ...
Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 0 9- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Bru3. Sprouts, lb. ... 0 4- ...
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 6- ...
Celery, per bundle ...16-2 0
Cucumbers, each ... 10-26
Endive, per dozen ,
Green Mint, bunch.
Herbs, per bunch .
Leeks, per bunch
Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ...
Mushrooms, punnet 10-16

2 0- .

.03-.

.d.

Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ...

Onions, per bushel ... 6 0- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Potatos. per cwt. ...40-50

,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-60
Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ...
Seakale. punnet ... 16-20
Shallots, per lb.
Spinach, per bushel.
Sprue, per bundle ;,
Tomatos, per lb.

0 «- ...
3 0- ...

1 0- ...
10-20

Turnips, per bunch... 0 8- .

Potatos. — Regents, 505. t« 120.1. ; Magnum Bonums. 50*. to
80s. : Beauty of Hebrons. lOOs. to 110s. ; Victorias, 100s.
per ton.

SEEDS.

London : December 28. — Messrs. John Shaw &
Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G.. re-
port to-da3''s market as presenting quite a holiday
appearance ; indeed all business in farm seeds seems
generally postponed until the new year, values
all round are consequently without quotable varia-
tion. The article most in favour is Italian Rye-
grass, for which holders continue to raise their
limits. Bird seeds are unaltered. More money is
asked for Haricot Beans. Blue Peas are dull. Lin-
seed is quiet, but firm.

6 0-12 0
0 9-16
0 6-09

10-16

4 0-60
16-40
2 0-40
2 0-30
16-30
0 9-16
0 9-16
10-16
16-36

5 0-70

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Colombia : Decemher 28. — Fairly goo.I supplies of
all kinds of fresh vegetables. Trade moderate ;
prices fair. Fruit trade quiet. Quotations: — Eng-
lish cooking Apples, 3s. to Ck. per bushel ; do. dessert
Apples, is. to 8s. do. ; American Apples, 8s. to 16s.
per barrel ; Brussels Sprouts, 3s. (id. to 4s. &d. per
half-sieve ; Sprouting Broccoli, \s. 'Ad. to 2s. 3d.
per sieve ; winter Spinach, 2s. to 2s. ^. do. ; Cauli-
flowers, 2s. to 4s. per dozen ; Savoys, 45. to i3s. per
tally ; Greens, 3s. &d. to 4s. 6rf. per dozen bunches ;
Turnips, 25. 6rf. to 3s. do. ; Carrots, Is. &d. to 25.
do. ; Beetroots, 2s. do. ; Celery, 9rf. to Is. &d. per
bundle ; English Onions, 8s. brf. to 9s. 6;^. per cwt. ;
foreign, do., 7s. to 8s. M. per bag of 110 lb. ;
Carrots, 28s. to 52s. per ton.

Stratford : De^:emher 27. — Trade and supply
good. Quotations ; — Savoys, 6s. to 9s. per tally ;
Turnips, 2s. 6ii. to 35. per dozen bunches ; do., 305.
to 505. per ton ; Carrots, household, 355. to 45s.
per ton ; do., cattle feeding, 30s. to 34s. do. ; Pars-
nips, 9ii. to Is. per score ; Mangels, 17s. to 21s. per
ton ; Swedes, 20,'. to 245. do. ; Onions, Dutch, 65. to
7s. 6(i. per bag ; do., German, 8s. 6i. to 95. per case
Apples, English, 2s. 6<i. to 65. &d. per bushel ; do.,
American, 14s. to 15s. per barrel ; Celery, Is. to
Is. 3d. per roll.

POTATOS.

Stratford: Decemher 27. — Quotations: — Scotch
Regents, 80s. to 905. ; Magnum Bonums, 75s. to 85s. ;
English light soil, 6O5. to 70s. ; do., dark soil, 45s.
to 60s. per ton.

Trade Notices,

REMOVAL.
Mr. William Denman, Horticultural Salesman,
has removed from No. 44 a, to No. 7, Catherine
Street, Strand, London. W.C.

Decembeb 31, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

821

TJSEFUI, PRESENTS FROM IRELAND.

Children's

Ladies'

Gents'

Hemstitched :

Ladies'

Gents'

CAMBRIC
POCKET HANDKERCHIEFS.

Embroidered Handkerch
Pretty FANCY BOXES,

:, from Is. each,
tiible for half-dozens or dozens of Handkerchiefs,
used iu Cardboard Covers, so as to pass uninjured by post,
3d.. Gd., Qd. to Is. Gd. each.

IRISH DAMASK

TABLE LINEN.

Sanples and Illustrated Price Lists, post-free.

FISH NAPKINS, 2s. lid. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, 55. 6d.
per dozen. Table Cloths, 2 yards square, 2s. llrf. ; 2J yards by 3 yards,
6s. Xld. each. Kitchen Table Cloths, ll|rf. each. Strong Huckaback Towels,
4s. Qd. per dozen. Monograms, Initials, &c., Woven and Embroidered.

ROBIiSISON & CLEAVER,

to H.M. the Queen and H.I. and
of Germany,

BELFAST.

ROBINSON

AND

CLEAVER'S

MATCHLESS

SHIRTS.

Best Quality Long Cloth, with 4-fold
finest Linen Fronts, 36s. 6*^- per haU-doz,
(to measure or pattern, 2^. extra). Pat-
terns of materials used, also of newest
styles in Fancy Cotton, Flannel, Silk, and
Silk and Wool Shirtings sent free on ap-
plication.

made as good as
new, with best
material in Neck-
bands, Cuffs and
Fronts, for 1'
the half-dozen.

Price Lists and Samples of Linen Collars,
Cuffs, Handk«rchiefs, Table Linen, and
all kinds of Linen Goods, post-free.

OLD

& CLEAVER

(Telegraphic Address : — " LI N E N "),

BELFAST.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BXriLDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

QO

and tbut

Conservatories and Winter Gardens dt-signed architecturally correct without the a9«ietance of any one out of our fir
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boitors, erected, and success guarante

in aU cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c^ always in stock.

PUais, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part ofXhe Kingdom,
Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST MATERIALS.

THE GOnAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3|d. ;

T-wenty-five Copies, 53 ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delirered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, "WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, "W.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSGRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,

LONDON, W.C.

, 1887.

Please send me " The Gabdenees' Cheonicle " for

eommencinff_

_,/or which t enclose P.0.0._

@° Please Note that all Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for In advance. „©

THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, ?s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCKIPTIONS (eicepting India and China) ;— Including Postage, 17s. M. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. M.

Keceipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially aaked for.

No.

P. 0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office,
42, DRTTRY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.
Cheques should be crossed " DEUMMOND."

JENSEN'S

Every grain fertilizes bei-ause the Guano is perfectly

pure. It is most economical, one part of Manure to

100 parts of soil being ample for garden use.

FISHPOTASH

elements of fertilization.

GUANO.

GUANO — 2-lb. Tina, Is. ; In Bags, 7 lbs., 2s. ;

14 lbs., 4s. ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d. ; 66 lbs., 10s. 6d. ;

1 cwt., 16s. ; 2 cwt., 30s. Special terms for

larger quantities. Analysis guaranteed.

J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED.
109, Fenchurch Street, Loudon, E.G.

CHEAP HORTICULTURAL GLASS.

Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Station
100 squares of Class, quality guaranteed.

15 0

21c

13} by 8} for 10/- for 14/-

12 „ 9 „ 10/- „ 14/- or 300 squares 15 ounce, 8 by 6.
12 „ 10 „ 11/- „ 15/6 or 250 squares 8} by 6}, or 220
14 „ 10 „ 13/- „ 19/- squares. 9} by 6J. or 170 squares.
14 „ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7}. or 160 squares, 10 by 8,
12 „ 12 ,, 13/- ,, 20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders
18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 31/- overjes.
20 „ 12 ., 24/- „ 36/-

Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices.
Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready mixed for use,
in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at 5d. per pound. Special quotations
given for large quantities.

J. B. ROBINSON,

WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE,
14. Moor Lane, Crlpplegate, London, E.C.

r]cby7wainwricht & co.^

MAiWfA CTUIiEItS.
Neptune Works, Manchester.

COTTON WOOL and WADDING tor Florista
TIFFAiry. and NurserjTnen. Send for Samples and Prices.

'■PAMWORTH RED PIGS.- -The Aylesbury

i Dairy Company have young EOAES and SOWS forSALE,
from their celebrated herd of this valuable breed of pigs. See
Prize Lists Royal Agricultural Society of England, York,
Shrewsbury, Preston, Norwich, Newcastle. Over 20O of these
Pigs have been sold to Foreign Governments and other Buyers
abroad and in the United Kingdom since January 1, 1887.

For price and particulars, apply to the AYLESBURY DAIRY
COMPANY', Limited, Horsham, Sussex.

ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, WINDOW CASES,

CAVES. WATERFALLS. WINDOW BOXES. AQUARIA,
ARTIFICIAIi ROCKWORK for Ballrooms, Halls. Staircases,
&c., temporarily erected and constructed, imder personal
Buperintendenoe of

HARPHAM AND HOWES.

Horticultural Depot, 107, Church Street. Edgware Road, N.W.

Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free.

Nor Reims,

1 match 1'

MOTT & CO.'S

GOLD MEDAL LEICESTERSHIRE
COWSLIP WINE,

rRADE fc

^Bf ^^ ^ of the fine 18S7 vintage, is now perfect.
«■ ^^j|£^>7/i^TH0R0UGHLY GENUINE Wine. Pale,
^^^ ^^^^ brilliant, slightly sparkling, exquisite

^B 0^^^ colour, delicious flavour ; not too sweet.

I Largely used for Dinner, Suppek,

' Dessert, Balls, and Picnics.

Excellent Nebve-soother for Neuralgia or Toothache.
Sold byWineMerchantsand Grocers throughout Great Britain,
Exported to America, China, Australia, &c.
Pamphlet and List of Agents, post-free.
Price ISs. per dozen, case, &c. included. Carriage paid on
two dozen. Sample Bottle, carriage free, 2s.

MOTT & CO., Wine Merchants, LEICESTEB.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mtzture, Free to aU Stations,

Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Worlc. Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YASD, LUDGATE HILL, E,C.
BACHELOK'S WALK, DUBLIN,— Ducoioi* for Cash,

822

THE GAEDENEFS' CEBONICLE.

[Decembeb 31, 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Chargfes for Advertising.

Head Line churged as tiro,

4 Lines . . £0 3 0 , 15 Lines . . £0

6 „ ..036 16 „

6 „ ..040 17 „

7 „ ..046 18 „

8 „ ..050 19 „

9 „ .. 0 .5 6 20 „

10 „ ..060 21 „

11 „ ..066 22 „

12 „ ..070 23 „

13 „ ..076 24 „

14 „ ..080 25 „

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s.

II set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 3t

Page, en; Half Page. £4 10s.; Column, £.!.

0 9

0

0 0

6

0 10

0

0 10

6

0 11

0

0 11

6

0 12

0

0 12

6

0 13

0

0 13

6

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address. Is, 6d..

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

Thig scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant

Situation-*, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
ogaiTist having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-of/ices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

BiHTHs, Deaths and Markiages, 55. each insertion.

Advertisements for the curreJit iveeh must reach the Office by

Thursday jioon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The U.mted Kingdom: 12 Mouthy 15s.; 6 Months,

7s. 6d.; 3 Moutlis 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 198. €d.

Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., toW. RICHARDS.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41. Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT,

for Greeiihouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHUUSES Heated 24 Hours for
about One Penny, without attention. ROBERTS'S
PATENT TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure
and ample heat with common coitl. or coal and coke. For
Greenhouses. Bedrooms, &c. Pamphlets. Drawings, and
authenticated Testimonials sent. See in u>« at Patentee's.

THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

and

(Registered Trade Mark.)
An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.
Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood

the test of forty years' trial. Requi
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price \s. 6<i. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway Btation, Is, 8d. per gallon in casks of 3(i, ilO, or
10 gallons.
n A rr m T r\ isrt Every Cask bears the above

V A. U 1 1 U Jy , Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

HILL & SMI TH,

Brlerley Ironworks. Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, B.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin.

To Nurserymen. Seedsmen, and Florists.

WPETKUSand,S(»XS,44, Tenter St., South,
• (iooilmau's ¥Md». London, E., are now selling, at
extremely Low Prices, New Season's best quality heavy full-
size Archangel MATS; also St. Petersburg MATS, Packing
MATS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

■kaiai

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE

HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

lis is the simplest,
ipest, and most
erful apparatus
le. It requires no
brick setting, no stoke-
hole, and no hot^water
titter for fixing. The
Boiler stands in the
Grptnlinusp, (lie front only being outside,
so that the whole of the heatfrom the Boiler
^. itself is utilised. It bums over twelve
' -"^"^^ hours'^Wthoutattention.atanominalcost.
Prill', a^ .-n^Taving, with Boiler, open feed syphon, 12ft. of
4-inch hot- water pipe, and patent joints, complete, £4 4s.

Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.

Cost of apparatus complete for Greenhouses as below

delivered free, with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

ft. ft.

d. I ft. ft.

d. I ft. ft.

10 X 6 ... 4 14 0 I 15 X 9 ... 5 10 8 I 25 X 12 ... 6 16 8
12 X 8... 5 1 0 I 20X10... 6 0 0 | 40 X 16 ... 12 12
Proportionate prices for other sizes. Estimates free.
Illustrated List, with full particulars of these and evei
description of Fuel, Gas, and Oil Heating Stoves free.

DEANE & CO.

■West End Branch, I. fiTT A r, ryn fin Qoo
4, Duncannon St., ( <- ^i^l-i'^-t-tl ir L.n,i./00.

HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

. mattrials of great durability. The plainer
sorts are specially suited for
KITCHEN GARDENS,
they harbour no Slugs
Insects, take up little roo
and once put down incur
further labour or expense,
do "grown" Edgings, con
quently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very
durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Eoad, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING SOKES : also for
FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS.
Illuatrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Const^rvatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Design, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED THES. for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitcheu Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great clurability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

s

ILVER SAND

desired. Price by post, per Ton

or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Itaiiway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Fern- ries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest ratc.^ in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharvea.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

JBLACK15URN and S(JN« are otTering Arch-
• angel Mata lower than any other house in the trade : aleo
Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.G.

RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.

Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description

of Kussian Mats.

RAFFIA FIBRE.

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS on APPLICATION.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON. E.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are confidently recomineuded as a simple but certain
reincdy for

^-UNDIGESTION*^

Bee TeBtimonial, selected f^om hundreds:—

CROYDON, 1 88s.
"Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, 1 am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffer ing from the same.
"J. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines,
Sold everywhere, price is. i\d., 2s. gd. and lis.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFIIL- COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILmG MILK.
Injuries to Special Constables.

The Directors ef the

I>AILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
\j COMPANY have agreed that gentlemen holding their
Policies of Assurance against ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS
shall be covered against risk of assault in the discharge of their
duty when acting as Special Constables, without extra charge,
WILLIAJI J. VIAS, Secretary.
Office, 64. Comhill.

Cheap Edition.

GOLDEN GATE. .Mr. Suibley Hibbehds
Phantasy of Fact and Fictiou, Philosophy and Fnu.
Stories, Fables, Verses, Sense, Nonsense, and Incense. Price
2s. 6tf., post-free.

E. W. ALLEN, 4, Ave Maria Lane, E.C.

Estate Sales.

The best County medium for Advertising Sales of
Estates is

'HE WORCESTER HERALD, the largest

JL and leading County paper. Extensive circulation among
the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining
counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference
and distribution, plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues
of Machinery, Furniture, Books, and other property advertised
in the colunis of the Worcester Herald. Specimen copies sent
free. Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d.

Offices, 72. High Street, Worcester.

Ti

Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects.

THE WOKCESTKi; ili:i;\fj) is the most
effective organ for ^' i .' i • announcements of

this class. It is the largf-t : , - ^ -ricultural paper in

the county, and circulati- m- ; . v ■ i » ■ ly among Agricul-
turists in and around Wuic -i.; hii. . ^pv-cimen copies free.
Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d.

Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester.

Farms to be Let.

LAND AGENTS, ESTATE M.VNAGERS, and all having Farms
to Let. would do well to Advertise in

THE AVORCESTER HERALD, the Large: t
and Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for
bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large Circula-
tion, moderate charge. Specimen free. Price 2d. Published
Friday for Saturday.

Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester,

Decembeb 31, 1887.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

823

Now Ready,

THE GARDEN ANNUAL Almanac and
Address Book for 1838. The most, complete and accurate
reference book for the use of all interested in gardens, contain-
ing Lists of the Horticultural Trade, the Principal Gardens,
Country Seats, and Head Gardeners in the United Kingdom, and
of the American Trade. New Plants. Fruits and Vegetables, and
much other useful information. Price, Is.; post-free. \s.'6d.,
of all Booksellers, Newsagents, and Nurserymen, or from the
Publishing Office— 37, Southampton Street, Strand, W.C.

The lady

,i„'3Pi[ *f tJ'yy^ (im'^€^A^rm^ ■

KEVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review) — 13th year. — Among the principal Contributors are : —
A. Allard, E. Andre, 0. Baltet, F. Burvenich. F. Crepin,
O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliveira,
H. Ortgiea, E. Pynaert. E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert
Son, H. J. van Hulle. J. van Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A West-
mael, and P. Wolkeustein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with two coloured Plates and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year
145. payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 134, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent. Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made parable to M. E. PYNAERT,
Ghent.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Platea and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
nich, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s, per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgixun.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one de^sirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' IIEKALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Cotmties
Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Comities Herald
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

WANTED (Eeb. 1), a thorough WORKING
GARDENER, married, age 25 to 40. Lad kept, and
further help if required. N'ery little Glass or Bedding, but
must understaud ordinary Greenhouse and Hardy Plants.
Care of 3 Cows, Wages, 21s. and house. More for intelligent
knowledge of Hardy Herbaceous Plant. — Address, Rev. E. R. B.,
Selborne Vicarage, Alton, Hants.

ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER, in

Kent, about 14 miles from London. Must have best
character for honesty and ability. Wages, 25s., no extras. —
Apply, with fullest particulars (by letter only in first
instance), to X. Y., G. Buchanan & Co., 25, Bucklersbury,
London, E.C.

To Market Garden Foremen and Others.

WANTED, an active WORKING FORE-
MAN to Manage 30 acres (Berks), toGrowPotatosaud
other Vegetables, &c., for London Market. Liberal wages will
be given to a man of highest character who can prove his
ability to grow profitable stuff. — Write full particulars of em-
ployment and 3to,ting age and wages required , to OWNER, 41 ,
Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

ANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, for

a Small Nursery in Cornwall. — Must be a good Propa-
gator, and well acquainted with Outdoor Plants. — Apply,
stating full particulars, with wages expected, J. D., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Nursery Foreman.

WANTED, a thorough business energetic
MAN, of from 30 to 40, as above. Must have good
knowledge and experience of Fruit Trees, Roses, Coniferous
Plants, General Routine of Nursery Work and Despatch of
Orders. One without family preferred. None need apply who
cannot have the highest recommendations as to character and
ability. — Apply stating salary expected, &c., to DANIELS
BROS., Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment, Norwich.

WANTED, a JOURNEYMAN. Must be
strong and used to Houses and Outside Work. Wages,
12s. per week, with lodgings, &c.— GARDENER, Eywood,
Titley, Herefordshire.

WANTED, in a Market Nursery, under glass,
an energetic young MAN, used to Plant Growing,
with knowledge of Roses preferred. Wages to begin, 12s. and
bothy.— WILES, Redland's, Emsworth, Hants.

WANTED, a young MAN, used to the usual
work of a Market Nursery. Wages 185. per week, —
GEO, POULTON, Fountain Nursery, Angel Road, Edmonton.

WANTED, a TRAVELLER, to attend
Markets in Yorkshire. — State experience, age, salary,
&c., to A, E., Gardeners' Chroniele Offices, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C,

WANTED, a SALESMAN of Plants,
Flowers, &c., for Market open daily, — Apply, atatinff

WANTED, for Seed and Florist Business,
an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. One accustomed to Pro-
vincial Trade. — State age, experience, and salary expected, to
A. READ. Seedsman, Newark, Notts.

WANTED, a JUNIOR SHOPMAN, strictly
active, and of good address. — Apply, stating wages,
&c., to STORRIE AND STORRIE, Seedsmen, Dundee.

WANTED, an industrious, pushing young
M.AN as Assistant in a Country Seed and Fruit Shop.
Must have had experience in a Retail Seed Business. Charac-
ter strictly inquired into. — A. R., Hurst & Son, 152, Hounds-
ditch, London, E.

ANTED, a BOUQUETIST, WREATH

MAKER, and SAXESWOMAN, to takecharge of Florist's
Shop. — Apply, statijig wages required and full particulars, to
GAKAWAY AKD CO., Duriiham Down, Clifton, Bristol.

GARDEMTING APPOINTMENT.

Mb. G. Henley, late Gardener to the Hon.
J. W. Plunkett, M.P., Dunstall Priory, Shoreham,
Sevenoaks, Kent, has been appointed Gardener
to W. MoBBis, Esq., Wretham Hall, Thetford,
Norfolk.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.^To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is verij important in Remitting by Postal Order
that it should be Jilled in payable to A'o. 42, DRURY LANK,
to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a partic^dar office, and
to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person
into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it.

N.B. -The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-
OFFICE ORDER.

Letters addresseil "Paste Restante" to initials or to fictitioiis
names are not Jorwarded, but are at once returned to the

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without 7iame, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisement ivhich they icish repeated.

RICHARD SMITH and GO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.

—John Downie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird),
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on
his List a number of SCOTCH GAKnENERS, waiting re-
engagements. He will be pleased to supply full particulars
to any I>ady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy
and competent Gardener.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holborn. W.C.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The V --"ard and Nur-
series, Garston, near Liverpool, are at presei a position to
recommend a competent man of excellent character as HEAD
GAUDENER, and also another MAN, who, in addition to being
a good General Gardener, htis had great experience as an
Orchid Grower. Roth men are capable of Managing Large
Establishments.

G -GARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married;
A twenty-two years' experience — fourteen years as Head
Gardener. Thoroughly understands Gardening in all branches ;
also Land and Stock.— C. WORSLEY, Harpenden, Herts.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen
years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruits,
Flowers, and Vegetables, also Flower and Kilchen Gardens.
Excellent character and testimonials. Charles Arthur ToUey.
—Apply Mr. CYPHER, Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Head); age 33, married, no
family.— W. J. Ireland, late of Nostell Priory, and
previously with the Marquis of Headfort, is open to engage
with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a
thorough trustworthy and competent man. Left at own
request. Very highly recommended for character and ability.
— Leasgill, Milnthorpe, Westmoreland.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married.—

R. Gilbert will be happy to recommend a thorough
practical man, who has practised Gardening in both England
and Scotland. He is well up in all matters relative to Horti-
culture. Now in the prime of life. Strong, healthy, and
willing, — For full particulars and testimonials, apply to
B. GILBERT, Burghley, Stamford.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,
married, two children ; twenty years' experience in good
families iu England and Scotland. Nearly five years in present
situation, six previous.— JOHN FINLAYSON. The Gardens,
Faruham Chase, Slough.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

or three othersare kept.— W. H. Divers, Head Gardener
to J. T. Hopwood. Esq., Ketton Hall, Stamford, will be pleased
to recommend his Foreman to anyone requiring a first-rate
Fruit Grower, and an honest and respectable servant.

ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—

Mr. Ward, Gardener to the Right. Hon. Lord Windsor,
Hewell, Bromsgrove, wishes to recommend his Foreman
(Arthur Smith) as above, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring
the services of a thoroughly experienced Gardener in all
branches of the profession. Sixteen years' experience; five
years in present situation.— Address as above.

ARDENER (Head Working, or Single-

HANDED),— Married ; fifteen years in last situation.
Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches.
—CHARLES CAPLING, Bedhampton Hill, Havant.

GARDENER (Second), where two or more
are kept ; age 22, married. — C. Long. Gardener to
E. B. Ridges, Esq., Orchard Dene, Ealing. Middlesex, can
highly recommend a man in the above capacity.— Address as

GARDENER (Second), where more are kept.
— Age 25, single ; two years' good character. Ten years
experience of Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit,
Flowers. Kitchen Gardening.- H. WHITE, Hawks Hill,
Bourn End, near Maidenhead.

GARDENER (Second), or FIRST
JOURNEYMAN in Large Establishment. —Age 22;
eight years' experience Inside and Out. Can be well recom-
mended by present and previous employers. — State wages and
particulars to J. MAJOR, Malquorto, Ewhurst, Guildford.

ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out, or

JOURNEYMAN, Inside; age 21.— C. J. Waite will be
pleased to recommend a young man as above, having served
under him in the Houses and Outside.- C. J. WAITE, Glen-
hurst Gardens, Esher, Surrey.

FOREMAN, Inside; age 24.— D. McIntosh,
The Gardens, Ashby Hall, Lincoln, can confidently
recommend a young man as above. ,

FOREMAN, in the Houses; age 26.— Mr.
Thomas King, Gardener, Devizes Castle, will be pleased
to recommend an active and intelligent man as above.
Thirteen years' experience, with excelleut character. — Address

JT'OREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
- establishment; age 24.— Mr. WARD, Gardener to the
Right Hon. Lord Windsor, Hewell, Bromsgrove, can highly
recommend Frederick Hughes as above, to any Gardener
requiring the services of a thoroughly experienced man.
— Address as above.

FOREMAN and GROWER of Plants, Cut
Flowers, and Cucumbers for Market. — E.W., 100, Avenue
Road, Acton, W.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR, or ASSISTANT.— Age 20
active and obliging. Five years' good experience. — D.
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C

JOURNEYMAN, Indoors.— Age 27 ; ten years'
experience in all branches. First-class references.—
POMONA, 6. Merchland Road, New Eltham, Kent.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.—
Mr. Ward, Gardener to the Eight Hon. Lord Windsor,
Hewell, Bromsgrove, can highly recommend, Alfred Hunt as
above. He has served in these gardens for five years, as Appren-
tice, Improver, and Journeyman, — Address as above.

OURNEYMAN, under a Foreman ; age 23.—

The Dowager Lady Freake wishes to recommend a
young man.— J. CRACKNELL, The Gardens, FulweU Park,
Twickenham, Middlesex.

TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—
-i- Age 18 ; good reference.— P. W., 5lA, Upper Berkeley
Street. Portman Square, London, W.

-■po NURSERYMEiSr. — Mr. John Symons,

JL Manager for the last seven years to Dickson & Turnbull,
Perth Nurseries, has resigned his situation, and will be glad to
treat with anyone requiring his services. He can be thoroughly
recommended by several of the leading firms in England and
Scotland.— Well wood Cottage. Barnhill, Perth.

^HOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Age 28 ;

KJ twelve years' thorough practical experience in Wholesale
and Retail. Good references. — C, Gardeners' Chronicle OtEce,
41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Nervous Debility.
— No part of the human machine requires more watching
than the nervous system— upon it hangs health' and life itself.
These Pills are the best regulators and strengtheners of the
nerves, and the safest general purifiers. Nausea, headache,

fiddiness, numbness, and mental apathy yield to them. They
ispatch in a summary manner those distressing dyspeptic
symptoms, stomachic pains, fulness at the pit of the stomach,
abdominal distension, and overcome both capricious appetites
and confined bowels — the commonly accompanying signs of
defective or deranged nervous power. Holloway's Pills are
particularly recommended to persons of studious and gedent.iry
habits, who gradually sink into a nervous and debilitated state,
unless some such restorative be occasionally taken.

824

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Decemsee 31, leSt.

W. H, LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS.

121, BUNHILL EOW LONDON, E C

W H LASCELLEb A^D CO w 11 1, i Lit m itci for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and
flcnd competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at
131. Bunhill Row. London. E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings. Greenhouses, and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages,
aent post-free on application.

E

FOBTABIiE CXJCTIMBER FRAMES.
HALLIDAY and CO. desire to

draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
ivhich they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered to any station in England ; — £ s. a.

2-light frame. 8 feet by 6 feet 1 p_.v:„„ ( 3 10 0
Wight frame. 12 feet by 6 feet ^cLe3j"ij 5 5 0
6-light frame, 24 feet by b feet ) ( lU U U

The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON.

MANCHESTER.

London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTON, Seedsman, &c.,
2, Holloway Road, N.

21-OZ. Toreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes.
3d8 and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all MiscellaneouB
Glass Article:*, can be obtained from

OEOBQE FABMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

84, St. John Street, West Smlthfield, London, E.C.

stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PAKE IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

fe«Honsr.4,t.3a.each;
ooa:, 4s. 6rf. each.
application.

MESSENGER & CCS New CATALOGTJE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus,

Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses,
niustratious of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot- water Pipes, and all appliances for
heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2S. post-free.

A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the eflSciency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys
made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

SPECIALTIES.

CHEAP BECAUSE EXCELLENT.

CLARET, "LISTRAC," 16/-°o«"
CHAMPAGNE, "jEJ/ENCEY," 30/-"»^e"

ONLY TO BE HAD OF—

JOHN C. HANDS & CO.,

9 9, GRESHAM STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

Old-Established Wine Growers' Agents and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

WEEKS'S PATENT

DUPLEX BOILER

IS FAR AHEAD OF ALL OTHERS IN
EVERY RESPECT.

NOTE A FEW ADVANTAGES.

rage Durability, 20 years,
years' Guarantee of large
subject to printed conditions.

Greater Power, and Economy of Fuel

and Labour.
A certain " Gardeners' Friend " by day

and night.
Can be Cleaned out internally, and any

Section can be repaired.
1.1 the Cheapest and Best Boiler in the

Market.

PRICE LIST anil full particulars Post-freo
on npi.liciition lo

J. WEEKS & CO.,

hortici;ltural en'gineer.s,

KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

^f^"*' GormiTiincations should he addreaaed to "The Editor;" Advertisemeuta and Buainesa Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office. 41. Wellington Street. Coven t Garden London. W.C.
, . ?J>°«d by ^^IT.T,IAM RiOHiBM. at the OfBoe of Messrs. BaiDBURr, AaNEW & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars. City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
Wia WILU^„ RioHABDS. at the OlSoe, 11. WeUingtou Street, Pi'uJi of St. Paula, Ooveat Oarden, in the said County — ^SiTURDtl, December 31. 1887. Agent for Manchester— JoHH HktwoOD.