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Containing the MeTHops of
CuLtivaTine and IMPROVING

CLL SORTS*OF hp “LY

Trees, Prants, aid Fx OWERS,
FOR: Tr &
Kitchen, Fruit, and Pleafure Gardens ;
£5 2 BS. 0 :

Thofe which are ufed in MEDICINE:

WITH

Directions for the Culture of- VINEYARDS,
and Making of W | 2 England.

In which likewife“are included

‘The Practicat Parts of SBANDRY.

Abridged from the laft Folio Edition,

By the AUTHOR, PHILIP MILLER,F.R. S,

Member of the Botanic Academy at Florence, and Gardener to He Worfhipful
Company of Arpotuecaries, at their Botanic Garden, at Chel/ea.

—— Digna manet divina gloria ruris, Virg. Geor.

In THREE VOLUMES.
We) Be Al.

The Fourtu Epition, Correéted and Enlarged.

LONDON:
Printed for the AuTHOR’;

And Sold by Joun and JAMEs bskocee at the Bible
and Crown, in St. Pan?’s Church-Yard.

M.DCC.LIV.

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Dictionary.

Vou. IL.

GA

Snow-drop.

= The Chara&ers are;
The Sheath of the Flow-

er is 0bl ng, blunt, and

; compre 4; this opins fid ER and

a

becomes a dry Skin: the Flower has
three obleng concave Petals, which
Spread open, and are og wal: in the
Middle is fituated the Ne&arium,
which is cylindrical, chtufe, and bor-
dered : in the Centre of the Flower is
fituated the Pointal, attinded by fix
Stamina: the Pointal afterward be-

_ comes an oval Capfule, having three

Cells, which are full of roundi/o
Seeds.

This Plant, as alfo
Snow-drop, was by Dr. Tourne fort

Vor. I:

the great

GA

ranged together under the Title of
Narciffoleucoium; which being a
compound Name, Dr. Linneus has
altered it to this of Galonthus; and
has feparated the great Snow-drop
from this, and given the fimple
Name of Leucoium to that Genus.
The Species are ; ;
1. Garantuus. Lin. Hort. Clif.
The Common Snow-drop.

z. ah ab ty pleno. The
double Snow-drop.

T hele ry lowers are valued for their
early Appearance in the Spring ; for
they utually flower in ‘fanuary,
when the Ground is often covered
‘with Snow. The fingle Sort coines
out the frit; and though the Flow-
ers are but fmall, yet when they are

ee in

‘in

| Wings, and the Keel:

GA

in Bunches, they make a very pret-

_ ty Appearance: therefore theie Roots
fhould not be planted fingle, as is
~ fometimes praGtifed by way of
Edging to Borders; for when they
are fo difpofed,

little Appearance. But when there

are twenty or more Roots growing

in a clofe Bunch, the Flowers have
a very good Efie&t: and as thefe
Flowers thrive well under Trees or
Hedges, they are very proper io
plant on the Sides of Wood-walks,
and in Wildernefs-quarters ; where,
if they are fuffered to remain undif
turbed, the Roots will multiply
exceedingly.

GALE. Vide Myrica.

GALEGA, Goat’s-rue.

The rg adlers are; *

It hath a perennial Root: the
Leaves grow by Pairs, foften’d to a
Mid. ibe pigssigihs3 in an odd Lobe:
the Pheer is of the papilionaccvous
Kind, confifting of a Standard, the
the Pointal
becomes a ling taper Pad, which is
filled with oblong kidney-foaped Seeds.

‘The Species are;

t. GaLeca vulgaris, foribus ce-
ruleis. C. B. Common Goat’s-rue,
with blue Flowers. |

2. Gareca vulgaris, floribus pe-—

nitus cerdicantilus.C. B. Common
Goat’s-rue, with white Flowers.

as GaLeca vulvaris, flnilus ex
caruleo purpureis. CG. 6. Common
Goat’s - rue, with bluifh-purple
Flowers.

4. GALEGA Africana, Soribus
majoribus, (P filiquis crafjicrtbus.
Ycurn. African Goat’s-rue, with
large Flowers, and thick Pods.

5. GALEeca Americana, foliis fub-
rotundis, fiovibus coccincis. Hox/?.
American Goat’s-rue, with roundifh
Leaves, and {carlet Flowers. |

6. GaLeca Americana frutefcens,

| fore purpurco, foltts fericeis. Plum.

they make very

» as hed
% A \ ad
ee * Me

Rat eae
COR: ia

r

| Shrubby American Gone ‘yrae/ Ei.

filken Leaves.

‘There are fev Hite « eties
of this Plant, wh ral oher Vat in
curious Botanic Gardens road ;
but thefe here mentioned are the
chief Sorts we have at prefent in
England.

The firtt of thefe Ciena is propa-
gated in Gardens for medicinal Ufe ;
and the fecond and third Sorts are
cooly Vaneties of the firft, from
which they only differ in the Colour
of their Flowers; and are, for Va-
riety, preferved in fome curious
Gardens: but the fourth Sort is a
diftinét Species, having much larger

_ Leaves, Flowers, and Pods.

Thefe Plants may be propagated
either from Seeds, or by parting of
their Roots. The beft Seafon for
fowing their Seeds is in the Begin-
ning of March, in a light Soil, and
an open Situation ; and when the
Plants are come up, you fhould
either hoe between them to deftroy
the Weed: (ass practifed for Onions,
Carrots, &c.)},:or elfé pull out the
Weeds with your Hands, cutting
down, or pulling up; the Plants,
where they are too clofe to each
other, that thofe left. may have
room to get Strength ; and fo from
time to time, as the Weeds come
up, you muft be very careful to de-
ftroy them ; as alfo to cut up, or
draw out, the Plants, where they
are too thick; for they fhould not
be lett clofer than eight or nine
Inches Diftance from each- other.
The fecond Year thefe Plants will
flower, and produce ripe Seeds: but
if you intend to continue your Plants
for Ufe, you fhould cut off the
Herb when it is in Flower, and not
permit it to ftand until it feeds;
which very often caufes the Plants
to decay. Thefe Roots may alfo
= parted into fmall Heads in Au-

“-. tumn

5 eS eb eae

4 i yr Tncr fe: but the feedling
Plants < are m ch preferable to thele
Off-fets; fo that the beft way 1s to

propz te this t by Seeds.
Th Sort was difcovered by
the la is Botanift Dr. William

Howfinun, a from whence
he fent the Seeds into Europe. This
Plant is an Annual, and muft_be
raifed on an Hot-bed early in the
_ Spring, and plunged into a mode-
rate Hot bed of Tanners Bark; and
when the Plants come up, and are
fit to tranfp!ant,they mutt be treated
as hath been direGted for other ten-
der annual Plants, which are kept
in the Bark-ftove. With this Ma-
nagement they will flower in Fn/y,
and in September they will perfect
their Seeds, and the Plants will foon
after decay.

The fixth Sort is alfo a Native of
America, and was difcovered By Fa-
ther Plumier. ‘This is alfo propa-
gated by Seeds, which fhould be
fown on an Hot-bed in the Spring’;
and when the Plants are come up,
they mutt be tranfplanted, and treat-
ed as other tender Plants from the
fame Country: it fhould remain in
the Tan-bed the firft Year, and ‘af-
terward may be placed in a mode-
rate Stove in Winter, and in Summer
mult have free open Air.

GALENIA.

The Title of this Genus was given
to it by Dr. Linzzus, from the fa-
mous Phyfician Galen.

The Charaders are;

The Flower is apetalous: the Em-
palement is Small, and cut into four
Segments: in the Centre is fituated

GA

Gacenia. Lin. Hort. Clif. Low
fhrubby Galenia.

This is alow fhrubby Plant, rardly
growing above three Feet high: it~
is a Native of the Cape of Cand Hope,
from whence it was brought into the
Gardens in Holland. There is very
little Beauty in the Plant; for the
Flowers are very {mall, and fome-
what like thofe of the Blite, having
no Petals; and the Empalement i is of
an herbaceous Colour. ‘This Plant
had the Name of Sherardia given to
it by Pontedera, the Profeffor of Bo-
any at Pruds, in Honour to Dr. ~

William Sherard, a famous Botanitt ;
but Monfieur V. sD of Paris have
ing applied that Name to another
Genus of Plants, Dr. Linneus has
given it this.

This Plant will not live through
the Winter in the open Air in Eng-
land ;{o mult be placed in the Green-
houfe with other hardy ExoticPlants,
where it may have a large Share of
Air in mild Weather; for it only re-
quires to be protected from Froft.
Tn the Summer it may be expofedin .

the open Air with other Plants of
the fame Country ; in dry Weather
it muft be frequently watered. 'This
may be propagated by Cuttings,
which, if plinted during any of the
Summer-months, and watered fre-.
quently, will take Root in about five
or fix Weeks; and may then be
treated as is directed for the old .
Plants.

GALEOPSIS,
nettle,

The Chara&ers ara;
It hath a labiated Flaiwer of one

Stinking Dead-

the Sicaral attended by eight flender Jingle Leaf, whofe Upper-lip is hollow

Stamina : the Empalement afterward
_ turns ta a roundife Pod, or Seed-veffel,
having two Cells, containing two ob-
long angular Seeds.

There is but one Species of this
Genus at eee known; wz.

=

Like a Spoon ; but the Under oneis di-
wid.d into three Segments, the middle
Part being large: the Cup of the
Florver as funnel Jeaped, and divided
into five Parts; and each Flower is
fuccceded by four naked Seeds.
| Biz Ty

a

GA.
The Species are ;
1. GaLEopsis anguflifolia Cretica
wifcofa, Boerh. Ind. alt. Narrow-
leav’d vifcous ftinking Dead-nettle

of Candy.

2.GaLezopsis procerior fatida /pi-
cata.Tourn. Common Hedge-nettle.

3. Gareopsis, feve Urtica iners,
fore luieo. F. B. Yellow Archangel,
or Dead-nettle.

4. GALEOPSIS procerior fatidiffi-

ma, fpica longifima alba. Michel.
The moft ftinking taller Hedge-net-
tle, with a long white Spike.

The firft Sort is a Native of the
Ifland of Candia, and fome other
Places in the Lewant ; and is too ten-
der to live in the open Air in Eng-
land, except in very mild Winters.
This Sort is of very humble Growth,
feldom rifing a Foot high: the
Branches are very flender, which are
garnifhed with a few very narrow
Leaves, which are thinly difpofed
onthem, ‘The Flowers grow from
the Wings of the Leaves, and are of
a dirty white Colour: the whole
Plant is very vifcous, and fmells like
Bitumen, This may be propagated
by fowing the Seeds on a Bed of
light Earth in the Spring ; and, when
the Plants are ftrong enough to re-
move, fome of them fhould be plant-
ed in Pots, that they may be fhel-
tered in the Winter ; and others may
be planted in warm Borders, where,

_ if the Winter proves favourable, or

>

the Plants are defended from fevere
Froft, they may be preferved.

This may alfo be propagated by
Cuttings, which fhould be planted
in Fune or July; and if they are
fhaded from the Sun in warm Wea-
ther, and-duly watered, they will
take Root in fix Weeks time,and may
then be treated as the feedling Plants:
jf the Plants, in Pots, are placed
under an Hot-bed- fianie in theWin-
tar, whcye they may enjoy the opea

GA
; ‘ : 1
Air in mild Weather, and only co-
vered when there is Froft, they will
fucceed better, than if they are treat-
ed more tenderly. —

The fecond and third Sorts grow
wild by the Side of Banks, and in
the Woods, in moft Parts of Eng-
land: therefore are not admitted into
Gardens; for they fpread greatly
by their creeping Roots, and be-
come very troublefome Weeds in
Gardens

The fourth Sort is a Native in
Italy, from whence the Seeds have
been fent to feveral Botanic Gardens,
where it is preferved for the fake of
Variety : but as this {preads at the

Root, it is not proper for a Garden;

for it will be as troublefome to de-
ftroy, where it has been permitted
to grow, as either of the Englif
Kinds.

GALEOPSIS FRUTESCENS. °
Vide Prafium,

GALLIUM, Ladies-bedftraw, or
Cheefe-rennet.

The Chara@ers are;

It is a Plant of the ftellate Kind:
the Leaves, which are neither rough
nor knappy, are produced at the Joints
of the Stalks, frve or fix in Number,
in a radiant Form: the Flower con-
Sis of one Leaf, which is expanded
toward the Upper-part, and divided
into fewveral Segments: each of thefe
Flowers are fucceeded by two naked
Seeds.

The Species are ;

1 Gautium /uteum. C.B. Yel-
low Ladies-bedftraw.

2. Gatiirum rubrum. C. B. Red
Ladies-bedftraw.

3. GALLIUM xigro-purpureum te-
nutfolium. Col. Narrow-leav’d moun-
tain Ladies-bedfiraw, with dark-
purple Flowers.

4. Gatiium faxatik, glauco fo-
lio. Boce. Rar. Ladies-bedftraw of
the Racks, with a it: Leaf,

5. Gat

CAS

oe, 5. Gatiium faxatile, glallfo fo-

‘

tio. Boce. Rar. Ladies-bed{traw of
the Rocks, with a fmooth Leaf.

The firft of thefe Plants (which is
the Sort commonly ufed in Medi-
cine) is very common in molt Mea-
dows, and in Pafture-grounds, in fe-
veral Parts of England: the other
Varieties are preferved in curious
Botanic Gardens; but as they are
Plants of very little Beauty, and are
fubje& to fpread very far, and over-
run whatever Plants grow near them,
they are feldom cultivated in other
Gardens.

Thefe Sorts may any of them be
propagated by parting their Roots,
which fpread and increafe very faft,
either in the Spring, or Autumn,
and will! grow in almoft any Soil or
Situation, efpecially the firft Sort:
the other Sorts require a drier Soil,
but will all grow in any Situation.

GARIDELLA [This Plant was
fo named by Dr, Tournefort, in Ho-

-nour to Dr. Garidel, who was Pro-

fefilor of Phyfic at Aix in Pro-
vence |.
The Chara&ers are ;

It bath a rofe-raped Flower, con-
fifting of feveral Petals, which are
bifid, and ranged in a circular Order ;
from whofe many-leav'd Cup rifes the
Pointal, which afterward becomes an
Head compofed of many oblong Pods,
which open length-ways, and are full
of roundife Seeds.

We know but one Species of this
Plant; viz.

GariveLta folits tenuiffime divi-
fis. Tourn, Garidella with very nar-
row-divided Leaves.

This Plant is very near akin to
the Nigella, or Fenel - flower; to
which Genus it was placed bythe
Writers on the Subject of Botany be-
fore Dr. fournefort ; and was by him

feparated from it, as diifering in the '

Ferm of the Flower.

GE

It grows wild tn Candy, and on
Mount Baldus in Italy, as alfo in:
Provence, where it was difcoveréd
by Dr. Garidel, who fent the Seeds
to Dr. Tournefort, for the Royal Gar-
den at Paris.

This is an annual Plant, whofe
Seeds fhould be fown in the Spring,
on a Bed or Border of frefh light
Earth, where the Plants are defigned

to remain (for they feldom thrive, if ~

they are tranfplanted): when the ~
Plants are come up, they muft be
carefully cleared from Weeds ; and
where they are too clofe, they mutt
be thinned, leaving them about four
or five Inches apart; and as they
grow up, they muft conftantly be
kept clear from Weeds, which, if
fuffer’d to grow among the Plants,
will foon overbear and deftroy
them. In une thefe Plants will
flower, and in 4ugu/? the Seeds will
ripen ; which, if permitted to fall,
will come up in Autumn, and thefe
Plants will flower early in the Sum-
mer, whereby good Seeds may be
always obtained.

GENISTA, Spani/f> Broom.

The Chara@ers are;

It hath very pliant Branches: the
Leaves are placed alternately, -or in
Whorles: the Flowers are of the pea-
bloom Kind, which are fucceeded by
fmooth Pods, containing’ feveral kid-
ney-foaped Seeds in each.

The Species are ;

1. Genista yuncEa. F. B. The
yellow Spani/h Broom.

2. Genista hortenfis major Lufi-
tanica. Vir. Lufit. The greater Por- |
tugal Broom.

3.Genista Hifpanica pumila odo-
ratijjima. Tourn. Mott fweet-{cented
low Spanif Broom.

4. Genista Lufitanica, parvo
frore lutea. Tourn, Portugal Broom,
with 2 {mail yellow Flower.

Ll4 5.GEnisz

Dp eg OT
.

es ae eae

:” Gy

_ §. Gentsta tinGoria Germanica.
C.B.P. Green-wood, or Dyers-
weed, or Wood-waxen. :

6. Genista tinGoria Auftriaca
maxima. Boerb. Greater Aufrian
Dyers-weed, or Wood-waxen.

7. GENISTA tin@oria Germanica,
foltis anguftioribus. C B.P. German
Dyers-weed, or Wood-waxen, with
narrow Leaves.

8. Genista tinGoria frutefcens,
foliis incanis. C. B. P. Shrubby

- Dyers-weed, with hoary Leaves.

9. Genista tingoria Lufitanica
maxima. Piorna Lufitanorum. Tourn.
Great Portugal Dyers-weed, called
Piurza by the Portugucfe.

to. Genista tindioria latifolia
Lucenfis. Tourn. Broad-leav’d Dyers-
weed of Lucca.

11. Genista Aumilior Pannonica.
TJeurn. Lower Broom of Panzonia.

12. Genista ramofa, foliis hype-~

rici.’ C. B. P. Branching broom,
with St. John-wort-leaves.

13.GENISTA JUNCEA, flore pleno.
The Spanif> Broom, with a double
Flower.

14. Genista Africana frutcfcens,
rufei anguftis foliis. Oldenl. Shrubby
African Broom, with narrow But-
chers- broom-leaves.

15. Genista Africana arbore-
feens, argentea lanugine pubefcens.

Oldeni. ‘Tree-like African Broom,

_ covered with aiilvery Down.

15. GENISTA Africana Srutefcens

fpicata purpurea, foliis anguflifi-

mis. Oldenl. Purple {piked fhrubby
African Broom, with very narrow
Leaves.

17. Genista Africana frutefiens
Spicata, laricis foliis, Oldenl.. Spiked

| fhrubby 4/icaz Broom, with Larch-

tree-leaves. Dee
18. Genista Africana frutefcens
capitate, laricis foliis. Olden!. Head-

ed Africax fhrubby Broom, with

Larch-tree-leaves.

GEE:

The firft of thefe Plants is very
common in the Nurferies near Lon- _
don, and-is generally fold by the Gar-
deners amongft other flowering
Shrubs for Wildernefs - quarters 5
where, by its long Continuance in .
Flower, together with its Sweetnefs,
it affords an equal Pleafure with mof
other flowering Shrubs.

The fecond Sort feems to be only
a Variety of the firft, from which it
differs only in Size: the Flowers of
this Sort are alfo much larger and
{weeter:

The third Sort was formerly in
the Englivo Gardens; but has been_
loft fince. the fevere Froft of 1740.
but there are fome young Plants
which have been raifed from Seeds,
which were procured from Spain; fo
that this Sort may in time be more
plenty in England, .

The fourth Sort has alfo been
propagated in plenty, from fome
Seeds which came from Portugal;
but this is not fo’ beautiful as the
former Sorts.

The fifth Sort is very common in
many Parts of Exgland, where it is
generally found upon firong clayey
Lands : this creeps by the Root ; fo
will foon {pread over Ground it
likes: this is gathered for the Ufe
of the Dyers; from whence it had
the Name of Dyers-weed.

The fixth, feventh, and eighth
Sorts are Varieties of the lait; from
which they differ in their Growth,
and the Breadth of their Leaves.

The ninth Sort grows a: larger
than either of the former, con-
tinues much longer in Flower: ‘this
doth not creep by the Root; fo de-
ferves a Place among other Shrubs.

_ The tenth Sort is of humble
Growth, feldom rifing above two
Fegt and an half high: but as this
Sert flowers very late in the Year,
when dew other Shrubs are in Beauty,

= -
GS:

it merits a Place in every good Gar-
den : this commonly flowers in O&o-
ber; and if the Seafon is not very
fevere, will continue in Beauty all
' November; and at that Seafon, the
Branches are loaded with yellow
Flowers.

The eleventh and twelfth Sorts
are alfo low Shrabs, which may be
admitted to make up the Variety in
Plantations of Shrubs, for their green
Appearance through the Year: and
although their Flowers are not very
beautiful, yet, by the Contraft which
they make with the other Shrubs,
they will fet off the Plantation.

All thefe twelve Sorts are hardy
enough to endure the Cold of our
Winters in the open Air, except the
third Sort, which is apt to fuffer in
very hard Froft; though in the or-
dinary Winters this Sort will live
abroad, efpecially if it is planted in
a fheltered Situation: but as it is
liable to be deftroyed by hard Froft,
a-Plant or two fhould be fheltered in
Winter to preferve the Kind. —

The thirteenth Sort is a Variety
of the firft, which has been acciden-
tally produced from Seeds, in fome
of the Gardens in Germany; but at
prefent it is rare in England: this
may be propagated by inarching it
upon the common Sort, or by laying
down the Branches : but the firft Me-
thod is the fureft to obtain good
Plants. This doth not produce Seeds;
or if there were any, the Plants fo
produced would rarely happen to
have double Flowers.

The other Sorts before-mentioned
are all propagated by Seeds, which
may be fown in the Spring, upon a
Bed of frefh light Earth, and treated
in the fame way as is commonly pra-
étiied for raifing of the Ssanif
Broom; which is fo well known,
as to need no Inftructions in this
Place. ‘ now Sats, % 3 >

open Air by degrees.
‘Mer-time thefe Plants may be placed
_ abroad in a fheltered Situation ; but

GE

All the Sorts of Brooms are very
apt to fend out long tough ftringy
Roots, which run deep into the
Ground ; therefore, if they are not
tranfplanted young, they frequently
mifcarry ; for they have few Fibres
to their Roots; fo that when they

shave ftood long in any Place, the

Roots will have ftruck deep into the
Ground, which muft be cut or torn
off in tranfplanting ; and this is com-
monly their Deftrdétion.

The fourteenth, fifteenth, fix-
teenth, feventeenth, and eighteenth
Sorts are Natives of Africa; mokk
of them grow near the Cape of Good
Hope : thefe are too tender to live in
the open Air in Winter; fo are pre-
ferved in Green-houfes ; but they
are moft of them very rare in Eng-
land at prefent.

Thefe may all be propagated by
Seeds, which muft be fown upon 4
very moderateHot-bed in the Spring;
and when the Plants come up, they
fhould have as much free Air as the
Seafon will permit to be given them ;
otherwife they will draw up weak :
as foon as the Plants are ftrong
enough to remove, they should be
planted each into a {mail Pot filled
with light Earth; and if the Pots
are plunged into a very temperate
Hot-bed, where the Plants may be
fhaded until they have taken Root, »
it will be the fafeft Method ; and
then they fhould be inured to the
In the Sum-

in Winter they fhould be placed in
a good Green-houfe, where, in mild
Weather, ‘they fhould have as much
free Air admitted to them as pofli-
ble; for if they are fhut up too clofe,
and the Air excluded from them,
they are very apt to grow mouldy,
and then their Branches will decay.

The

7") ——- . 2. -F

GE

The third Year from the Seed,
the Plants will flower very ftrong,
and continue fo todo every Year
after; and then they make a fine
Appearance among other Exotic
Plants: and as they are green all the
Year, they may deferve to be pre-
ferved as much as motft other Green-
houfe Plants.

‘Thefe Plants will grow feven or
eight Feet high; and if they are

' trained up to have clear Stems, while

they are young, they may afterward
be formed to have regular good
Heads ; for they are very manage-
able, efpecially when they are young:
and where care is taken of them to
form them handfomely, they will

make a much better Appearance in~

the Green-houfe, during the Win-
ter-feafon.

GENISTA SPINOSA,The Furz,
Whins, or Gorfe. Vide Ulex.

GENTIANA, Gentian or Fell-
wort. —
The Chara@ers are;

The Leaves grow by Pairs oppofite
to each other : -the Cup of the Flower
confifis of one membraneous Leaf: the
Flower confifis of one Leaf, and is
feoaped like a Cup, being cut into four,
frve, cr more Segments : it is fuccecded
by a membranous oval-foaped Fruit,
ending in a foarp Point, opening length-
wife into two Parts, and containing
many fiat roundijfe Seeds, which are
border’d with a leafy Rim.

The Species are ;

1. Gentiana major batea. C. B.
P. The great Gentian, with yellow
Flowers.

2. Gentiawa afclepiadis folio.
C .B.P. Gentian with a Swallow-
wort-leaf.

3. GEnTIANA Alpina, fore magn.

GF.B. Large - flower’d Gentian - of

the Alps, commonly called Gentia-
nella.

.

GE

4. Gentiana cruciata, C.B.P. -

Crofs-wort Gentian.

5. GenTiaNna anguflifolia autum-
nalis major. C. B. P. Great autum-
nal Gentian, or Ca/athian Violet.

There are feveral other Sorts of
Gentian, fome of which are Natives
of England, and others are Inhabit-
ants of the 4/ps, and other cold
mountainous Parts of Europe: but
as they are Plants which are rarely
tamed, fo as to thrive well in Gar-
dens, efpecially near London, I fhall
pafs them over in this Place, and pro-
ceed to the Culture of thofe here in-
ferted, all of which are worthy of.a
Place in every good Garden.

The firft Sort, which is the true
Gentian, whofe Root is ufed in Me-
dicine, is an Inhabitant of the Moun-
tains near Gexeva, and: the Pattures
of the A/ps and Pyrenees : this Plant
is propagated by Seeds, which fhould
be fown foon after they are ripe;
for if it be kept long out of the
Ground, it rarely grows. The beft
Method is, to fow the Seeds in a
large Pot filled with light undung’d
Earth, covering them about a Quar-
ter of an Inch thick with the iame
light Earth ; then place the Pots in
the Shade, where they may remain
until November, at which time you
may remove them into a Place where
they may have the morning Sun: in
this Situation they may remain till
March following ; by which time
the young Plants will appear above-
ground ; you muft then remove the
Pots again into a fhady Place, where
they fhoald remain all the Summer-
feafon, obferving to clear them from
Weeds, as alfo to water them in dry
Weather, which will greatly pro-
mote their Growth. ‘The Autumn
foliowing they will be fit to tranf-
plant; at which time you fhould
prepare a fhady moift Border, that

) fhould

| GE

_ fhould be well dug and loofened ;
then fhake the Earth out of the Pots,
by which means you will the more
readily take them out without hurt-
ing their Roots. The Diftance they
fhould be allowed, if defigned to re-
main for good, muft be fourteen
Inches fquare: but if they ‘are in-
tended to be removed again, four or
fix Inches will be fufficient. In plant-
ing them, you mutft obferve to make
deep Holes; fo that the Roots,
which generally grow long, may be
placed full as deep as they are in
Length, that no Part may appear
above-ground: nor fhould they be
bent at the Bottom, which would
check their downright Growth, and
greatly injure them. ‘The beft Sea-
{on to tranfplant them is in the Be-
ginning of O@ober, juft as they be-
gin to drop their Leaves: for as
thefe Plants are Natives of cold
Countries, if they remain till after
Chrifimas unremoved, they will be-
gin to fhoot; therefore it will be un-
- fafe to tranTplant them after.

- In about five or fix Years time,
if the Plants thrive well, and are not
difturbed, they will begin to flower,
and will produce good Seeds; fo
that it will not be difficult to have
them in great Plenty: but as it is
hardly worth cultivating for medi-
cinal Ufe, it being generally im-
ported hither at a very moderate
Price, the Beauty thereof is not fuch
as would recommend the having it

in great Quantities, though a few of -

them will do very well to make a
Variety.

The fecond and fourth Sorts are
at prefent very uncommon in Exg-
land, and only to be found in fome
curious Gardens ; thefe are both of
them very pretty Ornaments to a
Garden: they are propagated by
parting their Roots in Autumn, and

GE

require a pretty ftrong Soil, and a
fhady Situation.

The third Sort was formerly more’

common in the Gardens near London
than it is at prefent; but in fome

old Country Gardens it is ftill fre-—

quently to be met with: this isa
very beautiful Plant, and well worth
propagating : it is increafed by part-
ing the Roots in Autumn. Thefe
Plants require a ftrong, moift, cool
Soil, and fhould be planted where
they may have only the morning
Sun; for if they are too much ex-
pofed to Heat, they are very fubject
to decay ; nor do they care to be
often tran{planted, which will alfo
make them poor and weak: and I
am apt to believe, that this has oc-
cafioned their prefent Scarcity near
London, where People are too apt to
part and divide Plants often, in or-
der to increafe them, and thereby fre-
quently deftroy their whole Stack.
The fifth Sort grows wild in di-
vers Parts of the North, as in Yor&-
foire, Cumberland, and Northumber-
land; and is equal to any of the
above-mentioned Kinds for Beauty
but is rarely to be found near Lon-
don. ‘The Roots of this Plant may
be brought from the Places of its na-
tural Growth, and planted in a cool,
moift, undung’d Soil, where it will
grow, provided it be not under the
Drip of Trees, which this Plant by
no means cares for; nor fhould it
be often removed, but fuffered to re-
main (as was faid above) ; by which

“Means it will thrive, and produce

beautiful Flowers.

GENTIANELLA. Vide Gen-

tiana.
GERANIUM, Crane’s-bill.
The Charaers are;

\

The Leaves are, for the moft part, |

conjugate: the Cup of the Floaver
confifis of one Leaf, which is divided
| iatg

GE
tnto frve Parts, and expanded in form
of a Star: the Flowers of the Eu-
ropean Kinds confifi of five Leaves ;
and thofe of the African Sorts, for
the moft part, of four, fomewhat re-
Sembling a crefied or lipped Flower,
ewith ten Stamina furrounding the
Ovary: the Fruit is of a pentagonal
Figure, with a long Beak, containing
at the Bafe five Seed-veffels, in each
of which is contained one tailed Seed,
which, when ripe, is caf? forth by
the twifling of the Beak.
The Species are;

1. Geranium batruchioides, Gra-
tia Det Germanorum. C. B. P, Crane’s-
bill with a Crowfoot leaf, and large
blue Flowers.

2. Geranium batrachioides, Gra-

tia Dei Germanorum, fore albo. Boerh.
dnd... Crowfoot-leav’d Crane’s-bill,
with a white Flower.

3. Geranium batrachioides, Gra-
tia Dei Germanorum, flore variegato.

C. B. P. Crowfoot-leav’d Crane’s-

bill, with a ftriped Flower.

4. GERANIUM batrachioides, lon-
gius radicatum, odoratum. F. B.
-Long-rooted fweet {melling Crane’s-
bill, with a Crowfoot-leaf.

5.GERANIUM /anguineum, maximo
fore. H. Ox.
With a large Fiower.
, 6. GERANIUM /fanguineum, cau-
liculis erettis, folio obfcure wvirenti,
froribus minoribus. H.L. Bloody
Crane’s-bill, with upright Stalks,
dark - green Leaves, and {mall
Flowers. -

9. Geranium hematodes, foliis
majoribus pallidioribus, altius incifis.

Raii Syn. Bloody Crane’s-bill, with -

larger, paler, and more deéply-di-
vided Leaves.

8. Geranium hematodes Lan-
cafirenfe, flore eleganter firiato. Raii
Hifi. Bloody Crane’s- bill, with a
‘variegated I'lower.

Bloody Crane’s-bill,

4 Os 2

9. Genawium 5. xodof/um Plateau.
Cluf. Hif. Knotty Crane’s-bill. .

10. Geranium pheum five fu- |
Seum, petalis reflexis, folio non macu-
lof. H. L. Brown Crane’s - bill,
with reflexed Petals, and Leaves not —
fpotted.

11. Geranium pheum five fu-
Scum, petalis re&tis feu planis, folio
maculato. H. L.’ Brown Crane’s- °
bill; with plain Petals, and {potted
Leaves.

12. Geranium Romanum, ver-
ficolor five frriatum. Park, Par-
Roman Crane’s- bill, with ftriped
Flowers.

13.GeraniuM Alpinum, coriandri
folio, longius radicatum, flore purpureo
majore. Michel. Long-rootedCrane’s-
bill of the A7/ps,- with a Coriander-
leaf, anda large purple Flower.

14. GERANIUM batrachioides mon-
tanum. nofiras. Ger. Mountain
Crane’s-bill, with a Crowfoot-leaf.

15. Geranium Orientale colum-
Linum, fore maximo, afphodeli ra-
dice. T. Cor. Oriental Dove’s-foot
Crane’s-bill, with an Afphodel-root,
and a large Flower.

16. Geranium cicute folio, mof-
chatum>C. B. P. Mutked Crane’s-
bill of Mu/covy.

17. GERANIUM Jatifolium annuum,
cerulee flore, acu longifima. H. Ox.
Broad - leav’d annnal Crane’s - bill,
with a blue Flower, and a very long
Beak,

18. GERANIUM myrrhinum tenui-
folium, flore amplo purpureo. Bar.
O4f. Fine cut-leav’d Crane’s-bill,
with an ample purple Flower.

19. Geranium Africanum ar-
borefcens, ibifei folio rotundo, carling |
odore. H.L. African Tree Crane’s-
bill, with a round Marfhmallow-
leaf, and a Smell of the Carline- —
thiftle. |

E zo. Geranium 4fricanum athe
refcens, ibifei folio angulofo, froribus

amplis purpureis. Phil. Tranf. 388.

African Tree Crane’s-bill, with an
_ angular Marfhmallow-leaf, and large
purple Flowers. }

- 21. Geranium Africanum ar-
— borefeens, alchimille birfute folio,
floribus rubicundis. Com. Prel. Afri-
can Tree Crane’s-bill, with an hairy

‘ Ladies-mantle-leaf, and red Flowers.

22. Geranium Africanum arbo-
refeens, malve folio plano lucido,
“flore elegantiffime kermefino. Di van
Leur. Boerhb. Ind. African ‘Tree
Crane’s= bill, with a plain fhining
Mallow-leaf, and an elegant icarlet
Flower.

23. GERANIUM Africanum frute-
Scens, malve folio odorato laciniato.
H.L. African fhrubdby Crane’s-biil,
with a jagged {weet-imeiling Mai-
low-leaf.

‘24. Geranium 4fricanum fru-
tefcens, malve folio laciniate, odo-
ratoinfiar melifje, flore purpurafcente,
Boerb. Ind.- African fhrubby Crane’s-
bill, with a jagged Mallow-leaf,
fmelling like Balm, and a purplifh-
colour’d Flower. |

25. Geranium Africanum arbo-
refcens, malve folio mucronata, petalis
forum infirioribus vix con{picuis. Phil.
Tranf. African Tree Crane’s-bill,
with a pointed Mallow-leaf, and the
‘under Petals of the Flower fearce
difcernible.

26. Geranium 4fricanum fiu-
. tefcens, folio craffo & glauco, acetofe
Jepore. Com Prel, <dfrican fhrubby

Crane’s-bill, with a thick glzucous

Leaf, and an acid Tafte like Sorrel.

27. Geranium Africarum fru-
_tejcens, chelidanii folio, petalis flarum
anguftis albidis, carncfo caudice. Phil.
Tranf. Geranium <Africanum, folio
aleez, fore allo. Boerb. Ind. alt.
African fhrubby Crane’s-bill, with
a Celandine-leaf, the Petals of the

Flower white and narrow, and a
flefhy Stalk. : |

28. Geranium Africanum nu,
olens, tuberofum JF nodofum, aquilegie
joliis. H. L. African Crane’s-bill,
fmelling fweet in the Night, with.
knotty tuberofe Stalks, and Leaves
hike Columbine. ,

29. Geranium Sfritanum, folio
aleee, frore coccineo fulgidiffime,
Boerh. Ind. alt. Geranium Suria-
nenfe, chelidonii folio, fore coccinea,
petalis inequalibus. Hort. Piff. Afri-
can Crane’s-bill, with a Vervain-
mallow - leaf, and a deep - fearlet
Flower.

30. Geranium Africanum arbo-
refeens, alchimille folia hirfute, ele-
gantiffime variegato, floribus rubicun-
dis. Boerb. Ind. alt. African Tree
Crane’s-bill, with an hairy Ladies-
mantle-leaf elegantly ftriped, and
red Flowers, commonly called the
ftriped Geranium.

31.Geranium 4fricanum, foliis
infirioribus afari, fuperioribus flapbi-
difugria, maculatis, {plendentibus, FZ
acetofe fapore. Com. Pral. African
Crane’s-bil], with the under Leaves
like Afarabacca, and the upper
Leaves like Stavefacre, fhining, {pet-
ted, and taiting like Sorrel.

32. Geranium Africanum, al-
chimille birfuto folio, faribus albidis.
HL. African Crane’s-bill, with an
hairy Ladies-mantle leaf, and whitifh
Flowers.

33- Geraxium Africanum, folta
malue crafja molli odoratifjimo, fia-
culo pentapetalo albo. Boerh. Ind. alt.
African Crane’s-bill, with a thick
foft fweet-{melling Mallow-leaf, and
a {mail white Flower confifling of
five Leaves.

34. GERANIUM Americanum, nou
olens, radice tuberofa, trifle. Corn.
H. Ox. American taberofe- rooted
Crane’s-bill, fmellicg fweet in the
Night. = XS

33° Gera-

G

35. Geranium Africanum tube-
rofum, anemones folio, incarnato flore.
Par. Bat. Tuberofe-rooted African
- Crane’s-bill, with an Anemony-leaf,
and a pale flefh-colour’d Flower.

36.Geranium 4¢thiopicum, nou
olens, radice tuberofa, foliis myrrhidis
anguftioribus. Breyn, Cent. Night
fweet - fmelling Ethiopian Crane’s-
bill, with a tuberofe Root, and nar-
row Cicely-leaves.

37. GERANIUM Africanum, nou
olens, folio vitis hirfuto, tubcrofum.
H.-A. Night fweet-{melling African
Crane’s-biil, with an hairy Vine-
leaf, and a tuberofe Root.

38. GERANIUM A4fricanum, folio
coriandri, floribus incarnatis, minus.

H. Li African Crane’s-bill, with

a Coriander-leaf, and a leffer flefh-

colour’d Flower. _

39. Geranium Africanum, uve
crifpe folio, floribus exiguis rubellis.
H.L. African Crane’s-bill, with a
Goofberry -leaf, and fmall redifh
Flowers.

40. GERANIUM Africanum, beto-
nice folio, procumbens, floribus parvis
eleganter wariegatis. Pluk. Alm.
African trailing Crane’s-bill, with
a Betony-leaf, and {mall beautiful-
ftriped Flower.

The fifteen firft-mentioned Sorts

are abiding Plants: the Leaves of

fome of them decay in Winter; but
their Roots, remaining, fhoot again
early in the Spring: iome of thefe
Sorts are common in feveral Parts
of England; yet they deferve a Place
in every good Garden, where, if
they are rightly difpofed, they will
‘have a good Effect, by adding to
the Variety; and as they are very
hardy Plants, and require but little
Care in. their Culture, growing in
almoft any Soil or Situation, they
are very proper for large Gardens,
to be planted in wide Borders, or

by the Sides of Wildernefles, and

GE

other fhady Walks, where few other —

Piants will thrive; and thefe con-
tinuing in Flower moit Part of the
Summer, greatly add to the Beauty
of fuch Places.

Thefe are all increafed by parting
their Roots: the beft Seafon for’
which is in Ofober, that they may
take Root before the hard Frofts
begin; or elfe in February, that they
may get Strength before the great
Heat and Drought come on, which
would occafion their Flowers to be
{mall, and but few in Number.
Thefe Roots may remain two or
three Years unremoved, according
as you find them increafe and {pread ;
for fome Sorts will not fpread fo
far in three Years, as others will do
in one: whereas, if the fpreading

-_——

Kinds are fuffered to grow. undif- °

turbed, for two or three Years, they
will {pread the whole Width of the
Border where they are planted ; fo
that if they are not tranfplanted
often, their Roots fhould be cut
round every Year, to keep them
within Compafs.

Thefe Sorts may alfo:be propa- |

gated by Seeds, which they afford
every Year in great Plenty: but as
they are increaled very faft in the
former Way, it is hardly worth
while to fow their Sees,

The fixteenth, feventeenth, and
eighteenth Sorts are annual Plants,
and fhould either be fown every
Year, or their Seeds permitted to
featter themfelves; the latter of
which is the fureit Method: for the
Plants will come up in Autumn, foon
after the Seeds fall, and will abide
the Winter, and flower early the

fucceeding Spring; whereby you. ~

will always be {ure to have their

Seeds perfeéted, which does not con- —

ftantly happen to thofe fown in the
Spring. The fixteenth Sort is pre-
ferved in many Gardens, for the
7 {weet

4

fweet Scent its Leaves afford when
rabbed between the Fingers, which
occafioned its being called Mufk or
Mufeovy. There is but little Beauty
in the Flowers of this Plant ; how-
ever, it may be admitted to havea
Place in fome odd Corner, or fhady
Border, in a Garden, for Variety, it
being very hardy, and will thrive
in almoft any Soil or Situation.

The feventeenth and eightcenth
Sorts produce very handfome
Flowers; and as they are Plants
which take up but little room, and
require very little Trouble to culti-
vate them, it is worth while to allow
them a Place, for Variety, in fome
Corner of the Garden, thefe being
both as hardy as the former Sort.

The nineteenth, twentieth,twenty-
firft, twenty-fecond, twenty-third,
twenty-fourth, twenty-fixth, twenty-
feventh,twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth,
thirtieth, and thirty-firit Sorts are
Natives of a warmer Climate than
ours, and require to be fheltered in
Winter.

Thefe, being all fhrubby Plants,
may be propagated by planting
their Cuttings, any time in Sum-
mer, in a Bed of light frefh Earth ;
obferving to water and fhade them
until they have taken Root, which
will be in about a Month’s time after
planting ; being careful to take off
the Mats, or other Covering, every
Night, that the Cuttings may have
the Benefit of the Dews; as alfo,
whenever there may happen to be
_any Showers in the Day time, never
to cover them but when the Sun
fhines very hot upon the Bed.

In this Place they may remain.
two Months from their firft planting,
by which time they will be rooted
fuiicient for tranfplanting : you
muft therefore prepare fome Pots;
thefe fhouldvbe filled with frefh light

Earth; and having taken the Plants
up, with as much Earth as poflible -
to their Roots, you fhould piant each .
Plant into a feparate Pot, removing
them into a fhady Situation, unti#
they have taken frefh Root, obferv-
ing to water them frequently, as
they may have Occafion: and when
they are rooted, you fhould remove
them to a more expofed Situation
to harden them; in which Place
they fhould remain until the Middle
of Ogober, when the Mornings be-
gin to be frofty; at which time they
ought to be removed into the Green-
houfe, where they fhould be placed
as near the Windows as pofiible;
obferving to let the Windows be
open, that they may have as much
free Air as'poilible, until the Wea-
ther begins to be very cold.

Thefe Plants, during the Winter-
feafon, will require to be often re-
frefhed withWater; but they fhould
never have too much given them
at once: they fhould alfo be fre-
quently pick’d, to take off all dead
or decayed Leaves, which, if fuf-
fered to remain upon them, will not
only render the Plants unfightly, bue
alfo infect the Air of the Green-
houfe, efpecially when the Windows
are kept fhut clofe, and thereby be-
come injurious to all the Plants
placed therein.

You mutt alfo obferve to fet thefe
where they may be clear from the
Heads of other Plants; for they
wili by no means bear to be ftifled,.
which would caufe them to caft their

‘Leaves: nor do they require to be.

kept very warm in Winter ; for if
they are but fcreened from the Froft,
it will be fufficient; and all artificial
Warmths are prejudicial to thefe
Plants. -
. The twenty-ninth Sort is very:
fubject te caft its Leaves in Autuna,
and

a eee
‘

G

_ and thereby appears to unfkilful Per-
_» fons as dead ; but if it be fuffered to

remain in the Pot undifturbed, and
very little Water given to it during
this Seafon, it will come out again
in Winter as frefn and lively as be-
fore; but much Moiiture, during
this State of Inattivity, very often
defiroys this Plant. This, for the
Richnefs of the Colour of its Flowers,
vaftly exceeds all the other Sorts;
tho’ the 22d Sort is a very beautiful
Flower, and its Continuance moft
Part of the Summer and Autumn in
Flower, renders it very valuable; as
is the thirueth Sort, for the Beauty

of its variegated Leaves.

The twenty-fecond and twenty-
third Sorts are of humbler Growth

, than the former, tho’ they are Na-

tives of the fame Country, and there-
fore require the fame Defence in
Winter; thefe may alfo be propa-
gated by Heads cut off from the old
Plants, and treated as was directed
for the Cuttings of the fhrabby
Kinds. The thirty-fecond Sort is
very fubjeét to ramble, and affords
Supply enough of Cuttings; but the
thirty -third Sort increafes much
flower: this Plant is of an uncom-

amon ftrong {weet Scent; the Leaves,

when touch’d, fmelling fomewhat
like Anis-feed: but the Flowers of
neither of thefe two Sorts are very
beautiful; however, they fhould
have a Place in all Colleétions of
Plants, for Variety-fake.

Thefe Plants may alfo be propa-
gated by fowing their Seeds in the

‘Spring of the Year upon a moderate

Hot-bed; and when they are come
up two Inches high, they fhould be
planted into another Bed, with a
little warm Dung under it, to pro-
mote their Rooting’: in this Bed
they may be planted about fix Inches

{quare ; and when they are rooted,

you fhould harden them by degrees ;
fo that as the Weather becomes
warmer, they may the better endure
the open Air: in Fuly you fhould
tranfplant them, into Pots, as was
before diregted for the Cuttings, and
manage them in the fame manner. |
During the Summer - feafon thefe
Plants fhould be fet abroad with ©
Myrtles, Oleanders, and otherGreen- —
houfe Plants, where, being artfully
intermixed therewith, they add
greatly to the Variety, and continue
flowering moft Part of the Year.
The thirty - fourth, thirty - fifth,
thirty-fixth, and thirty-feventh Sorts
have al! knobby Roots, and increafe -
but flowly thereby; therefore, in
order to have a Stock of thefe Plants,
you fhould carefully gather their
Seeds, which they feldom fail to pro-
duce every Year, and fow them as
was directed for the other dfrican

Sorts, upon a moderate Hot-bed,

managing them alfo accordingly,
with this Difference only; wiz. that
they fhould have lefs Water; and
the Pots in which they are planted
fhould be fmaller, efpecially at firft ;
for as they are Plants which make
but {mall Roots, the putting them
into large Pots is very prejudicial
to them. Thefe are all efteemed
for the. Beauty of their Flowers,
and their agreeable Sweetnefs in the
Evening after the Sun has left them ;
for, before that, you cannot perceive
any Scent in them, tho’ afterwards
it becomes fo ftrong as to perfume
the Air to fome Diftance from the
Place where they ftand. ‘This, I
f{uppofe, may be accounted for from
the Warmth of the Sun rarefying
thofe Effuvia, fo as to be teo mi-
nute to ftrike our Organs of {mel!-
ing with any Force while the Heat_
is continued ; but when the Coo! of
the Evening approaches, thefe

Efiuvia

GE
Effuvia are of latger Bulk, and
become perceptible to us in propor-
tion tliereto. :

During the Summer-feafon thefe
Plants may be expofed, amongft
other Exotics, in the open Air, be-
ing very careful not to give them
too much Water, which often oc-
cafions their rotting, efpecially to-
wards Autumn, when their green
Leaves begin to decay, at which
time they fhould Have it very fpa-
Jingly ; and if the Seafon fhould
prove very wet, you fhould lay
the Pots on oné Side; or femove
them under Shelter, to protect them
from it: and about the Beginning
of Ofober you fhould catry them
into the Green-houfe; placing them
as near ds poffible to the Windows,
that they may have a good Quantity
of free Air when the Windows ate
cpeded; for if they are defended
from Froft, and much Wet, it will
be fufficient, they not being extreme
tender; nor will they ever require
any artificial Warmth in Winter,
But, on the contrary, as much Air
as poffible in mild Weather.

Thefe Plants require a very light
fandy Soil, but fhould not have too
thuch Dung. The Mixture of Earth,
in which I find them grow beft, is
as follows: 1ft, Take a Quantity
of frefh Eaith from a Pafture-ground
that is inclining to a Sand; and if
you have time for the Turf to rot
Before you have Occafion fof it,
add that to the Earth; then mix
2bout a third or fourth Part as much
Sea-fand, in proportion to the Light-
nefs of your Soil; add to this about
@ fourth Part as much rotten Tan-
ners Bark: mix all well together,
dnd let it lie inan Heap two or three
Months before you have Occafion
for it, obferving to turn it over two
or three times, that the Mixtures

Vout: If,

GE

may be the bettet utiited; and if,
before it is ufed, you pafs it through’
a rough Screen to take out all large
Stones; Roots, &c. it will be the
better: but by no means fift the
Earth fine, as is the Practice of many
People ; for Iam fure it is doing a
great deal of Damage, as was fhewn
under the Article Abies: when thefe
Plants are potted, you fhould care-
fully lay fome Stones or Shreds in
the Bottom of the Pots, that the
Water may the better pafs off: nor
fhould you plant them in Pots too
large ; which is equally injurious to
them; as was before-mentioned.

The thirty-ei¢hth and thirty-ninth
Sorts are Plants of fhorter Duration
thati thofe above-mentioned, rarely
continuing above two Years; fo
that, in order to preferve thefe, you
fhould fave the Seeds every Year;
which fhould be fown upon a mo-
derate Hot-bed in the Spring, and
managed as was directed for the laft- —
mentioned Sorts: thefe will often
produce Flowers and Seeds the famé
Summer ; but the fecond Year, pro-
vided they are defended from the
Froft in Winter, they will flower
early, and perfect their Seeds before
Autumn.

The fortieth Sort is annual: this
muft be fowi on a modérate Hot-
bed, and the Plants brought forward
in the Spring; but when they begin.
to flower;they muft be fet in the open
Air, otherwife the Flowers will fall
away without producing any Seeds,
This, tho’ a Plant of no great Beauty,
is worthy of a Place in every Col-
lection of curious Plants.

There are a great Number of
Geraniums, which I have not here
mentioned, many of which are Na-
tives of England, and others were |
brought from divers Parts of Europe >
but as thefe, for the moft part, ate

M m annual

GE
annual Plants of no Beauty or Ute,
“I thought it needlefs to trouble my-
felf or the Reader therewith.
VEBMANDER. Vide Chame-
drys.
GESNERA.

This Plant was fo named by Fa-
ther Plumier, who diicovered it in
America, in Honour to Conrade Ge/-
ner, a very learned Botaniit, and

_ Natural Hiftorian.
The CharaZers are;
. It hath an anomalous perfonated
Flower, confifting of one Leaf, from
whofe Cup arifes the Pointal, fixed
hike a Nail in the hinder Paré of the
Flower ; which aftereward becomes a
membranaceous Fruit, diwided into tao

Celli, which are filled with fmall

Seeds.

The Species are ;

1. Gesnera humilis, flore flave-
fcente. Plum. Nov. Gen. Low Gef-
nera, with a yellowifh Flower.

_ 2. Gesnera amplo digitalis folio
tomentofo. Plum. Now. Gen, Gel-
nera with a large woolly Fox-glove-
leaf.

_ 3. GEsnERA arborefcens, amplo
fiore fimbriato SF maculofo. Plum.
Nov. Gen. ‘Tree-like Gefnera, with
a large furbelowed and {potted
- Flower.

4. GesnERA foliis lanceolatis fer-
ratis, pedunculo terminatrici laxo fpi-
cato. Lin. Hort.Cliff. Gefnera with
fawed {pear-fhaped Leaves, and the

Stalk terminating in a loofe Spike
.of Flowers, commonly called the
Canary Fox-glove.

The firft and fecond Sorts were
found by the late Dr. William Hou/-
toun in Jamaica, from whence he
fent their Seeds to Eugland ; but by
their being along time outof the
Ground, there was not any of them
which grew. The third Sort was
» difcovercd by Father Plumier at Mar-
tinico: this Sort rifes to the He'ght

GE
of eight or ten Feet, and has a
woody Stem; but the other two
Sorts feldom rife above three Feet
high.

Thefe Plants are propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown as foon
as poftible after they are ripe; for,
being very {mall and light, if they
are kept long out of the Ground,
they will not grow: therefore the
fureft Method to obtain thefe Plants
is, to procure them in Tubs of
Earth from America. The Seeds
thould be fown in the Tubs filled
with frefh Earth, and placed in a
fhady Situation; and when the Plants
come up, they mutt be frequently
watered, and kept clear fromWeeds.
Thefe Tubs fhould remain in the
Country, until the Plants are pretty
{trong ; for if they are fent over toa
young, they will be in great Danger
of perifhing before they arrive in
England.. When they are put on
board the Ship, they fhould be co-
vered in the Heat of the Day with
‘Tarpaulins, to fereen them from the
violent Heat of the Sun ; as alfo im
bad Weather, to prevent the Salt-
water from wathing of them. Du-
ring théir Paffage they fhould be often
refrefhed with Water, while they are
in a warm Latitude; and fhould
have as much Air as poffible, when
the Weather will permit; but as
they arrive in a cooler Lititude,
they muft have a lefs Quantity of
Water given them, and fhould be
{creened from the Cold.

When thefe Plants arrive in Exg-
land, they fhould be carefully taken

-out of the Boxes, and each planted

into a Pot filled with rich light Earth,
and then plunged ivto an Hot-bed
of Tanners Bark, obferving to water
them, and {creen them from. the
Heat of the Sun until they have
taken Root ; after which time they §
fhould have frefh Air admitted to.
them |

1 a
them in proportion to the Warmth
of the Seafon, and muft be frequently
watered. In this Bed the Plants may
remain until Michaelmas, when they
fhould be placed in the Bark-ftove,
where, if they are kept in a tem-
perate Warmth, they will make good
Progrefs, and the fecond Year will
produce their Flowers, when they
will make a fine Appearance: for
they produce long Spikes of Flowers,
which are fhaped fomewhat like
thofe of the Fox-giove. Thefe Plants
do not continue many Years, fo that
new Plants fhould be frequently
raifed ; for after the Sorts are pro-
cured from Abroad, they will per-
feét their Seeds in England, if they
are carefully managed: but it will
be the fureft Method to raife the
Plants, if the Seeds are fown foon
after they are ripe: and if the Seeds,
procured from Abroad, are fent over
in the Pods, foon after they are ripe,

and fown when they arrive in Exg- |

dand, they will often fucceed ;. efpe-
cially the fecond Sort, which has
grown with me very well.

The fourth Sort has been many
Years preferved in fome of the cu-
rious Exgli/fe Gardens. This Plant
is a Native of the Canary Iflands;
fo is too tender to live in the open
Air in England: it is therefore kept

in Pots, and preferved in Green-
houfes. This Sort hath woody Stems,
and will rife to the Height of

‘three Feet, and divides into many
Branches, each of which will pro-
duce a Spike of pale orange-colour’d
Flowers at their Top; and thefe
flower frequently at different Sea-
fons, fo that the Plants are feldom
Tong deftitute of Flowers, during
the Summer-months; and fometimes

| they will flower in Winter, which
tenders this Plant more valuable.

, .. This Sort is propagated by Seeds ;

, foralthough there have been fome

GE

Plants raifed by Cuttings, yet it'is

very rare they can be fo propagated.
Thefe Seeds frequently ripen in Eags
land ; but they fhould be fown as
foon as they are ripe, in Pots filled
with frefh Earth, and covered very
lightly with Earth; and the Pots
fhould be placed in a fhady Situation,
and duly watered in dry Weather :
and in Autumn, when the cold Wea-
ther comes on, the Pots muft be
fheltered under an Hot-bed-frame,
which fhould have the Glaffes taken
off every Day in mild Weather ;
for thefe Seeds only require to be
protected from Froft. With this
Management, I have had Plenty of
the Plants come up the following
Spring; and this is the only fure
Method to obtain thefe Plants: for
if the Seeds are not fown till the
next Spting, they feldom grow; and
if they do, it is not till the Spring
following that the Plants come up.
The Plants of this Sort muft be
fet abroad toward the Middle of
May, in a fheltered Situation, and
will require frequent Watering in
dry Weather; and in Autumn they
muft be removed into the Green-
houfe, placing them where they
may have free Ait in mild Weather,
otherwife they will grow mouldy,
and decay.
GEUM, Hairy Kidneywort, or
Sanicle.
The Charaéers are;
_ The Cup of the Flower is quinquefide
the Flower confifts of five Leaves,
which expand in form of a Rofe,
having eight or ten Stamina or Threads
Surrounding the Ovary: the Fruit is
roundife, and is fplit into two Horns
at the Icp: this becomes a bicapfular
Seed-ueffel containing many fnallSeeds.
The Species are 3 e
1. Geum fpalufire minus, foliis
oblongis crenatis. Tourn. Hairy Kids
ney-wort, or Water Sanicle.
Mm 2 2. Gru

GE
2, Geum angu/flifolium autumnale,
fore luteo guttato. Tourn. « Narrow-
leav'd autumnal Sanicle, with a yel-
low-{potted Flower.

3. GEUM rotundifolium mapus.
Tourn. Great round-leav'd {potted
Sanicle.

4. Geum folio fubrotundo majori,
piflillo floris rubro. Tourn, London
Pride, or None-fo-pretty.
bo Geum) rotundifolium minus.
Tourn. Leffler round-leav’d Sanicle.

6. Geum folio circinato, piftillo
floris pallido. Tourn. Round-leav’d
Sanicle, with a pale Pointal.

, 7. Geum folio fubrotundo minori,
piftill flovis rubro. Tourn. Sanicle

with a leffer roundifh Leaf, and a -

red Pointal.

8. Geum folio circinate, acute cre-
nato, piftille floris rubro, Tourn.
Sanicle with a round tharp jagged
Leaf, and a red Pointal

9. Geum folio fubrotundo minimo.
Tourn. Sanicle with a very fmatl
roundith Leaf,

10. Geum Creticum, folio circi-
nato villofo, fore magno albo. Tourn.
Cor, Candy Sanicle, with a round
hairy Leaf, and a large white
Flower.

err. Geum Ortentale rotundifolium.
fupinum, flore aureo. Tourn. Cor.
‘Low round-leav’d Eaftern Sanicle,
with a golden Flower.

12. Geum Orientale, cymbalarie
falio molliD glabro, fore magno albo.
Tourn. Cor. FEaftern Sanicle, with
-a feft {mooth Ivywort-leaf, and a
large white Diower.

The firft of thefe Plants is found
wild upon the Mountains of Wales
and Wef!morland ; but will grow, if
tran{p!anted into a cool moift Place
in a Garden: but the fureft Method
is to plant them in Pots filled with
{trong poor Farth, and place them
in a fhady Situation, where, if they
are conftantly watered in dry Wea-

“GE

ther, they will thrive, and produ
Flowers. oy?

‘The fecond is found in fome Parts:
of Chefhire: this alfo delights ina
{trong moift Soil, and a fhady Situa-
tion : nor fhould thefe Plants be often
tranfplanted; for they delight bef
in a poor Soi], and want very little
Culture: therefore the beft Method
is to furnifh yourfelf with Roots from
their natural Places of Growth ; for
their Seeds feldom fucceed, if fown :
thefe fhould be taken up with as
much Earth about their Roots as
poffible; then plint them in fome
cold fhacy Part of the Garden, but
not under the Drip of Trees; where,
when they are once well fixed, they
will continue without any farther
Care for feveral Years, and will an-
nually produce large Quantities of
beautiful Flowers: and with thefe
Plants may juch Parts of a Garden,
where few other Things will thrive,
be fupplied to great Advantage : fo
that, did we but confider well what
Plants delight in moift and flrong
Soils, and a fhady Situation, and
what require a dry light Soil, and a
funny Expofure, we need never be
at a Lofs for Plants to embellifh a
Garden, be the Soil or Situation
what it will: and it is for want of
rightly confidering how to adapt the,
proper Plants to each Soil and Situa-
tion, that we often fee the Natives
of a low Valley planted. upon a dry
barren Soil, and thofe of dry fandy
Hills on a firong rich Soil ; in both
which Cafes they ftarve, and come to
nothing.

The third Sort is feldom planted
in Gardens, except where the Owners
are curious in Colle&tions of Plants ;
but yet it well_deferves a Place
amongft the former, in a cool fhady
Border, where it wil! thrive very well.

The fourth Sort is the moft com-
mon in the Gardens, and was fer-.

merly

GE

merly in greater Requeft than at pre-
fent, it having been in great Ute
for bordering of Flower-beds ; but
as it increafes very falt, it is apt to
fpread too far, and fometimes decays
in Patches, which renders it very
unfightly : befides, it muft be tranf-
planted at leaft once a Year, other-
wife it cannot be kept in any tole-
rable Order: however, a few Plants
of this Kind may be preferved as
proper Furniture for thady Borders ;
but it will grow upona drier Soil
than any of che former Sorts.

The five next- mentioned Sorts
grow on the 4s and Apennines in
Plenty, from whence they have been
tranfplanted into fome curious Gar-
dens by Lovers of Variety: they
are all extreme hardy; wherefore
they fhould be planted in fhady
moift Places, and a poor Soil, where
they will thrive much better than in
an open Situation. ‘They are pro-
pagated by Off-fets, which they fend
forth in great Plenty: the beit-Sea-
fon for this Work is in Ofober, that
the Plants may be well rooted before
Spring, otherwife they will not
flower fo ftrong the following Sum-
mer. Some. of thefe Plants were
formerly planted for Edgings on the
Sides of Borders in the Flower gar-
den ; but they are by no means fit
for this Purpofe; therefore appear
more beautiful when planted in
Patches on fhady moift Borders,
where few other Plants will thrive:
in fuch Places thefe Plants will make
a pretty Variety. They flower in
May, and fome of them will pro-
duce good Seeds in Autumn ; but as
they increafe fo faft by Off-fets, few
Perfons regard their Seeds.

- ‘The other three Sorts were difco-
vered by Dr. Tournefort in the Le-
' want, who fent them to the Royal
Garden at Paris. Thefe are not
F quite fo hardy as the- former Sorts,

GL

but will endure the Cold of our or-

-dinary Winters very well in the full

Ground, being never deftroyed but
by extreme hard Froft. Thefe may
be propagated by Off-fets, in the
fame manner as the former Sorts,
and fhould have a fhady Situation.

GILLIFLOWER, or JULY-
FLOWER. Vide Caryopbylius.

GILLIFLOWER, or STOCK-
GILLIFLGWER. Vide Leuco-
ium.

GILLIFLOWER, the Queen's
or Dame’s Violet. Vide Hefperis.

GINGER. Vide Zinziber.

GINGIDIUM. Fide Vifnaga.

GLADIOLUS, Cornflag.

The CharaGers are;

It hath a fifhy double tuberofe
Root: the Leaves are like thofe of
the Flower-de-luce: the Flower con-
Sifts of one Leaf, and is fhaped like
a Lily, /preading open at the Top into
two Lips ; the upper one being imbri-
cated, and the under one divided into
Sve Segments : the Ovary becomes an
oblong Fruit divided into three Cells,
which are fill'd with roundifo Seeds
wrapt up in a Cover.

The Species are ;

1. GLabioLus utringue Aloridus.
C.B. P. Cornflag with Flowers on
both Sides the Stalks.

2) GLADIOLUS caruei coloris.
Savert. Flor. Flefh-colour’d Corn-
fiag. 7
3. GiaDiotus floribus uno verfe
difpofitis, major, floris colore purpureo-
rubente. C.B.P. Great Cornflag,
with redifh-purple Flowers rang’d
on one Side the Stalk.

4. GLADIOLUS major Byzantinus.
C. B.P. Great Cornflag of Con-
fantinople.

5. GLapioLus utringue floridus,
Jloribus albis. H. R. Monf. Cornflag
with white Flowers ranged on each
Side the Stalk,

Mm 3 6: Wa

GL

6. GiavioLus maximus Indicus.
C.B.P. The largett Indian Corn-
flag.

7. Gravioius floribus uno ver fu
difpofitis, major &F procerior, flore
candicante. C.B.P. Greater and
taller Cornflag, with whitifh Flowers
yang’d all on one Side,

8. Grapiotus floribus uno verfu
dilpofitis, minor &F humilior, C. B. P.
Smaller and lower Cornflag, with
Flowers ranged on one Side.

9. GLaDIOLUs minor, fiovibus uno
werfu di/pofitis incarnatis, H. L,
Smaller Cornflag, with flefh-colour’d
Flowers ranged on one Side.

10. GLADIOLUS utringue floridus,
flore rubro. C.B.P. Cornflag with
red Flowers on both Sides.

11. GLaDioLus floribus uno ver fu
dif/pofitis, minor. C.B.P. Smaller
Cornflag, with Flowers ranged on
one Side.

All thefe Sorts of Cornflag are
propagated by their tuberofe Roots,
which the firft, fecond, and fifth
Sorts produce in great Plenty; fo
that in a few Years, if they are
fuffered to remain unremoved, they
will fpread very far, and are hardly
to be intirely rooted out, when they
have once gotten Poffeffion of the
Ground. ‘Thefe Roots are in Shape
very like thofe of the large yellow
Spring Crocus ; but are fomewhat
bigger, yellower within, and have
a rougher Outer-coat cr Covering,
The {mall Off-fets of thefe Roots
will produce Flowers the fecond
Year; therefore when the old Roots
are tranfplanted, the Off-fets fhould
be taken off from them, and planted
into a Nurfery-bed for one Year,
by which time they will be fit to
tranfplant into the Borders ‘of the
Pleafure garden. ‘Thefe Roots may
be taken up in Fu/y, when their
Leaves decay, and may be kept out
ef the Ground yntil Ogober 3 at

GL
which time they fhould he planted
into the Borders of the Pleafure-
garden, intermixing them amongft
other bulbous rooted Plants: but if
you plant them in large Borders in
Wildernefs-work, where they will
thrive and flower very well, they
need not be tranfplanted oftener
than every other Year, or once in
three Years ; whereas in Borders of
a Pleafure-garden, if they were fuf-
fered to remain fo long, they would
over run the Ground, and be very
troublefome. ;

The third and fourth Sorts are
the moft valuable, producing taller.
Stalks, and fairer Flowers : nor are
thefe fo apt to increafe ; which ren-

‘ders them fitter for the Borders of a

Flower-garden ; fo that fince thefe
have been introduced, and become
common, the other Sorts have been
rejected, unlefs in fome old Gar-
dens, or for large Wildernefs-quar-
ters, where they will grow better
than the two Jaft-mentioned.

Thefe Plants may alfo be propa-
gated by Seeds, which fhould be
fown in Pots or Tubs of frefh light
Earth foon after they are ripe: thefe
Tubs fhould be placed where. they
may enjoy the morning Sun until
Eleven o’Clock, in which Pofition
they fhould remain until Ofober ;
at which time they muft be removed
where they may. have the full Sun
during the Winter-feafon, and the
March following the young Plants
will begin to appear; when the
Boxes or Pots fhould have a little
fine Earth fifted over the Surface of
the Ground, and be removed again
where they may have only the morn- |
ing Sun; obferving, during the time
of theirGrowth, to refrefh them with
Water in dry Weather, as alfo tg
keep them clear from Weeds. —

The Michaelmas following, if the
Plants are very thick in the Pots or

Boxes,

GL
Boxes, you ‘fhould prepare a Bed or
‘two of freth light Earth, in propor-
tion to the Quantity of your young
Plants; and after levelling the Sur-
face very even, you fhould fpread
the Earth of the Pots, in which the
Roots are contained, as equal as pof-
fible upon the Beds (for the Roots at
this time will be too {mall to be
eafily taken up), covering the Bed
about half an Inch thick with light
fifted Earth ; and the Spring follow-
ing, when the Plants begin to come
up, you matt ftir the Ground upon
the Surface to loofen it, and carefully
clear the Beds from Weeds. In thefe
Beds they may remain (obferving in
Autumn to fift fome frefh Earth over
the Surface) until the fourth Year,
by which time they will begin to
fhew their Flowers: therefore you
_ may now obferve to mark out all
the beit Kinds as they blow, which
may the fucceeding Year be tranf-
planted into the Pleafure-garden ;
but the poorer Kinds fhould be
thrown out as not worth preferving:
for the good Sorts will foon mul-
tiply, and furnifh you witha fuf-
ficient Stock from Off-fets.

The Jndian Cornflag is tender,
and muft be preferved in a warm
Green-houfe, or a moderate Stove,
during the Winter-feafon. Thefe
Roots fhould be planted in Pots
filled with a light fandy Soil. The
beft time to tranfplant them is from
the Month of May, at which time
their green Leaves decay till September,
that they begin to fhoot again; and
in OGober the Pots fhould be remo-
ved into the Green-houfe: and du-
ring their Seafon of Growth, which
is chiefly in Winter, they mult be
frequently watered ; but you muft
not give them Water i in large Quan-
ae during the Summer-feafon,

if they are fuffered to remain in the
Pots, they fhould have little Moifture,

‘magno rubro.

GL
but be only removed to a fhadyPlace*

for much Wet, at the time their Roots
are inactive, is apt to rot them.

This Plant but rarely flowers with _

us; but when it doth, it makes a
beautiful Appearance in the Green-
houfe, efpecially coming in Fazuary,
when few other Flowers appear,
which rendérs it worthy of a Place
in every curious Garden.

GLASTENBURY - THORN.
Vide Mefpilus.

Poppy.
The Chara&ers are ;

The Cup of the Flower confifts of
teva Leaves: the Flower hath frve
Leaves, which are placed orbicularly,
and expand in form of a Rofe, or @
Poppy, but foon fall away: the Ovary
arifes from the Bottom of the little
Placenta, and is divided into tewe
Parts at the Extremity: this becomes
a long taper Pod, which is bivalve,
having an intermediate Partition, to
which are faftened many roundifp
Seeds.

~ The Species are;

Griaucium fore luteo. Tourn.
Yellow Horned Poppy.
2.GLaucium flore violaceo Tourn,
Blue-flower’d Horned Poppy.

3. Guaucium § hirfutum, flore
pheniteo. Tourn. WHairy Horned
Poppy, with a deep-fcarlet Flower.

4. GLaucium glabrum, fore
pheniceo. Tourn. Smooth Horned
Poppy, with a deep-fcarlet Flower.

5. Gtaucium Orientale, fire
Tourn. Cor. Eaftern
Horned Poppy, with a large red
Flower.

There are fome other Varieties of
this Plant, which occur in Botanic
Authors; but thefe here mentioned
are all the Sorts I have yet feen in
the Exgli/b Gardens. The firft Sort
is found upon the Sea-coafts in fome
Parts of England; but if fown in a

Mm, — Garden,

GLAUCIUM, The Hoined

GL
Garden, will grow very well: this
is a perennial Plant, the Roots abide-
ing, if in a poor dry Soil, two or
three Years; but when planted i ina
moift or very rich Soil, it feldom
continues longer than one Year,
efpecially if it flowers the firft Sum-
mer.
' The fe¢ond Sort Mr. Ray found
growing amougft Corn, betwixt
Swafham and Burnwel in Cambriage-
foire.
The third and fourth Sorts were
brought from abroad : -thefe are
‘annual Plants, and either fhould
be fown every Spring, or their Seeds
fuffered to fcatter themfelves; for
the Plants will arife in Autumn from

the Seeds which fall; and if the’

Winter does not pioyr too fharp,
they will abide without any Care,
and flower early the fucceeding
Spring. Thefe Plants, tho’ there is
not much Beauty in them, yet may
be permitted to have a Place in large
Gardens, for Variety, e{pecially as
they require very ‘little Culture.
They delight moft in a warm light
Soil; but will grow in almoft any
Soil, if it be not over-dung’d.

The fifth Sort was found by Dr.
Tournefort in the Levant, who fent
the Seeds to Paris. It is a biennial
Plant, which may be propagated by
Seeds, as the other Sorts ; ey: fhould
have alight poor Soil, in which it
will endure the Cold of the Winter
much better than if fown on a rich
Ground,

- GLAUX, Sea Milkwort.

TheCheneters are ;

it hath a bell-/haped Flower, con-
fifiing of one Leaf, whofe Brims are
expanded, and cut into feveral Seg-
ments: from the Centre arifes the
Pointal, avbich afterward becomes a
round Fruit or Hufe, opening from the
T op downward, and filled with fmall
Seeds, *

SI

GL
The Species are ;

1. Graux maritima. C. BOP. Sea
Milkwort, or black Saltwort.

2. Giavx maritima, fire albo.
Tourn. Sea Milkwort, with a white
Flower.

3 Graux’ palufris, fs frriato
claufo, feliis portulace. Tourn, Marfh
Milkwort, with a ftriped Flower,
and Purflane-leaves.

Thefe Plants grow wild in Eng-
land, and are rarely preferyed in
Gardens, unlefs for the fake of Va-
riety. They may be taken up in
the Places of their Growth, and
planted in Pots filled with poor. gra-
velly Earth, and in Summer mutt be
frequently watered: with this Ma-
nagement they may be preferved,
and will produce Flowers every
Year... .!

GLECHOMA, Ground-ivy.

The Chara@ers are;

It hath a labiated Flower, eonfifte

ing of one Leaf, having a narrow
compre/s'a Tube: the Upper-lip i is ered
and bifid: the Beard is large and
ope, and is divided into three; the
middie Segment being large and bor-
dered: there are four Stamina ugder
theUpper- lip, teva of them being longer
than the other: after the Flower is
paft, there are Sour naked Seeds,
avhich are inclofed in the Empale-
ment.

This Genus of Plants is joined to
the Calaminth by Dr. Tournefort 5
but by Dr. Boerhaave it is feparated,
and made a diftinét Genus, by the
Title of Chamzclema; which being
a compound Name, Dr. Linneus
has altered it to this of Glechoma,
which is a Name in Diofcorides;
and he has added to it one Species
of Marrubiaftrum : the old Name
of this Genus was Hedera terreftris.

The Species are;
. Giecnoma foliis reniformibus

pte Lin. Hort, Cif. Ground~

VY,

:

;

GL

ivy, Gill-go-by- -ground, Ale-hoof,
er Tun-hoof.

2. Gtecnoma /foliis cordato-ob-
dongis crénatis. Lin. Hort. Cif.
Stinking marfh baftard Horehound.

The Ground-ivy is very common

under Hedges, and upon the Sides
of Banks, in almoft every Part of
Exgland; {o is rarely cultivated in
Gardens; but as it is ufed in Medi-
cine, I thought proper to mention it
here ; and whoever hath an Inclina-
tion to cultivate this Plant, need only
take up fome Roots from the Places
of its Growth, and plant them ina
fhady moitt Place ; where they will
thrive, and fend out Roots from the
trailing Branches at every Joint,
which will foon overfpread the
Ground. ‘There are two or three
Varieties of this Plant mentioned
by fome Botanic Writers, which I
believe to be only accidental Va-
riations; for, on their being tranf-
planted into the Garden, they foon
altered to the common Sort.
' The fecond Sort grows wild in
moift Places in Ho//and, and other
Parts of Europe; but as it is never
cultivated in Gardens, I fhall pafs
it over.

GLOBULARIA.

The Chara&ers are ;

It hath a flofculous Flower, confft-”
ing of many Florets, which are di-
vided into feveral Segments, and have
one Lip: thefe are contained in a pro-
per Empalement, out of the Bottom of
which arifes the Pointal, fixed like a
Nail to the lower Part of the Floret,
and becoming a Seed, hidden in the
Capfule, which eters was the Em-
palement of the Floret: on that Cap-
Jule fit the Placenta’s, which occupy
the middle Part of the common Em-

palement.
The Species are;
1. GLoBULARIA vulgaris. Tourn,
Common Globularia,

GL

2. Gropuraria Pyrenaica, folie
oblongo, caule nudo. Tourn. Pyrenean
Globularia, with an oblong Leaf,
and naked Stalk.

3. GLOBULARIA montana humil-
lima repens. Tourn. The lowef
creeping mountain Globularia.

4. GLoBULARIA fruticofa, myrté
folio tridentato. Tourn. Shrubby
Globularia, with a trifid Myrtle-
leaf.

5. GLopuLaria Africana frute-
Seens, thymelea folio lanuginofo.T ourn.
Shrubby 4frican Globularia, with
a woolly Spurge-laurel-leaf.

6. GrosuLaria /pinofa.
Prickly Globularia. ,

7. GLOBULARIA Alpina minima,
origani folio. Tourn. ‘The {mallett
4lpine Globularia, with a Wild-mar~
joram: leaf.

8. GiropuLaRiIa Orientalis, flo-
ribus per caulem fparfis. Tourn. Cor.
Eafera Globularia, with Flowers
{cattered along the Stalks.

g. GLropuLaria Orientalis, fore

Tourn.

ampliffimo. Tourn. Cor. Eafterm
Globularia, with a very large
Flower.

The firft of thefe Plants grows
plentifully about Montpelier, as alfo
at the Foot of the Mountains Fura
» and Saleva, and in many other Parts
of Ita/y, and in Germany. This
Plant hath Leaves very like thofe of
the Daify, but they are thicker and
fmoother ; the Flowers grow on
Footitalks, which are about fix
Inches high, and are of a globular
Form. |

The fecond Sort grows plentifully
in the Woods, and on the Pyrenean
Mountains: this 1 is much larger than
the former, and the Footftalk is
quite naked; the Leaves.are nar-
rower, and much longer. —

The third Sort is a very low
Plant, whofe. Branches trail on the
Ground, and firike Roots out from

their

GL

their Joints, whereby it propagates
jefelf very faft. The Flowers grow
on fhort Footftalks, and are of a
blue Colour.

The firft and fecond Sorts may be
propagated by parting their Roots,
after the manner of Daifies; but
the third Sort is eafily propagated
from the trailing Branches, which
take Root. The beft Seafon for
parting and tranfplanting of thefe
Plants is in September, that they may
take new Root before the frofty
Weather comes on. They fhould
be planted in Pots filled with freth
Earth, and placed ina fhady Situation
until they have taken Root. In the
Sum mer-feafon they fhould be placed
where they may have only the morn-
ing Sun; and in dry Weather fhould
be frequently refrefhed with Water.
With this Management they will
mereafe, and produce their Flowers
every Year; but they rarely perfect
their Seeds in this Country.

The fourth Sort grows about Mont-
pelier 1 France; and in Valentia,
and feveral other Parts of Spazv.
This has an hard woody Stem, and
rifes to about two Feet high; hav-
ing many woody Branches, befet
with Leaves like thofe of the Myrtle-
tree. On the Top of the Branches
the Flowers are produced,, Which
are of a blue Colour, and globe-
fhaped. This Plant may be’ propa-
gated by Cuttings, which fhould be
cut off in Apri/, juft before they
begin to make new Shoots. ‘Thefe
Cuttings fhould be planted into Pots
filled with frefh light Earth, and
then placed into 2 very moderate
Hot-bed; obferving to water and
fhade them until they have taken
Root; when they may be taken out
of the Bed, and inured‘ to bear the
open Air by degrees, In Summer
thefe Plants may be expofed: with
other hardy Exotic Plants 5. and in

» ee

Winter they thould be placed unde?
an Hot-bed-frame, where they may
enjoy the free Air in mild Weath r;

but fhould be fcreened from hard

Froft, which will deftroy them, if
they are expofed thereto; tho’ in
mild Winters they will live in the
open Air. ‘Fhis Plant never pro-
duces good Seeds in this Country.
The fifth Sort grows in the Coun-
try about the Cape of Good Hope:
this is a Shrub which rifes to the
Height of feven or cight Feet, and
divides into many Branches, which
are clofely befet with thick ftiff
Leaves, much like thofe of the
Cneorum Matthioli: at the Divifion
of the Branches, the Flowers are pro-
duced, which are round, woolly, and
of a filver Colour; and at firft have
the Appearance of the Katkin of
the Mountain Ofier, This Shrub
may be propagated by Cuttings ;
which fhould be planted in Apri/,
juft as the Plant begins to fhoot,
in Pots filled with frefh light Earth,
and plunged into a very moderate
Hot-bed of Tanners Bark; obferv-
ing to water and fhade them until
they have taken Root; after which
time you mutt inure them by degrees
to bear the open Air; then they

emuft be taken out of the Hot-bed,

and may be placed amongft other
Exotics in a well-theltered Situation ;
obferving to water them in dry
Weather: in this Place they may
remain till O@ober, when they fhould
be removed into the Green-houfe,
and placed where they may have as
much free Air as poflible in mild
Weather: for this Plant only re-
quires to be fcreened from Froft,

being tolerably hardy: with this.

Management the Plants will thrive ;

well, and in a few Years produce
Flowers.
The fixth Sort was found’ in the

Mountains of Granada, by D. Al

bins.

|

GL

Bizus. ‘This Plant is of low Growth,
and-may be propagated as the firit ;
as may alfo the feventh Sort, which
is the leaft of all the Sorts, ‘ane the
moit hardy; therefore fhould have
a fhady Situation in Summer; but
in Winter it will be proper to fhelter
them from fevere Froft.

The eighth and ninth Sorts were
found by Dr. Tournefort in the Le-
want: thefe are fomewhat tender,
and fhould be fheltered from the
Froft in Winter; but in Summer
they may be expofed with other
hardy Exotic Plants, and require to
be frequently watered in dry Wea-
ther. Thefe may be propagated by
Seeds, or by planting the Cuttings,
as was directed for the former Sorts.

GLORIOSA, The Superb-lily.

The ei Oh ie: a are;

The Flower is naked, having fix
long waved Petals, which are refiex'd
to the Bottom: in the Centre is placed
the Pointal, which is attended by fix
Stamina, apbich are foorter than the
Petals: the Pointal afterward be-
comes an oval Pod, divided into three
Cells, which are filled with roundifh
Seeds.

We have but one Species of this
Plant; ViZ.

Guoriosa. Lin. Hort.- Cif.
The Superb-lily.

This was by formerBotanitfts titled
Methonica Malabarorum; but as
that Name alluded to the Place of
its Growth, Dr. Linnazus has rejected
it, and given this of G/orio/a to it,
from the {plendid Appearance which
the Flowers of this Plant make.

This’ is a Native of Malabar,
from whence the Roots have been
brought to E urope, and are preferved
in feveral curious Gardens, The
Roots of this Plant are long and.
flefhy, being in Size about the Thick-
nefs of a little Finger. Thefe Roots

creep in the Ground, and the Plang.,

@# lame - colour.

GL

is thereby propagated; but it is too .
tender to live in the open Air in,

England. In Holland the Gardeners
take the Roots out of the Ground in
Autumn, and preferve them in
dry Sand in their Stoves all the
Winter ; and in the Spring of the
Year they plant them in Pots fill'd
with light Earth, and plunge them
into an Hot-bed of Tanners Bark,
where they remain conftantly during
all the Summer ; obferving to give
free Air to the Plants in mild Wea-
ther, and-to water them as often as
they find the Earth dry: with this
Management they produce their
Flowers in Fuly and Auguf, and
their Stems decay to the Root in
O&eber, when they take up the
Roots.

The Stems of this Plant ufually
grow about two Feet high, having
Tendrils or Clafpers at the End of
the Leaves, by which they faften
themfelves to any thing near them ;
therefore fhould be fupported by
Sticks, to prevent their trailing on
the neighbouring Plants. The Flowers
are produced at the Extremity of
the Shoots, from the Wings of the
Leaves, which are of a beautiful
There is feldom
more than one Flower upon a Foot-
ftalk ; but as there are many Foot-

, ftalks on each Plant, they continue

to flower after each other. This
Plant is very poifonous: therefore
Care fhould be taken not to let either:
the Leaves or Roots be in the Way
of ignorant Perfons, leit they fhould
injure themfelves unawares,

GLYCINE, Knobbed - rooted
Liquorice- vetch,

The CharaGers are ;
it hath a papilionaceous Plower,

the Standard being heart-Shaped ; the :

Wings are. oblong, and oval at thé
Top: the Keel is very narrow, fal-
satsd, and refiexed at the Point,

where

—
tied canter mela “ a eels

ex

subere it meets the Standard, and is

. there broader: there are nine Stamina

collefed in a Body, and one fingle,
which are feut up in the Standard,
with a fpiral Pointal, which after-
avard becomes a cylindrical Pod, open-
ing both Ways, and jlled with kid-
xey-foaped Seeds.

The Species are ;

1. GLYCINE radice tuberofa. Lin.
Hort. Clif. Apios, or knobbed-
rooted Liquorice-vetch.

2, Grycine caule perenni. Lin.
Hort. Cif. ‘The Carclina Kidney-
bean-tree, vulgo.

The firlt Sort was brought from
Virginia, where it grows plentifully
in theWoods: this has large knobbed
Roots, which remain feveral Years
in the Ground, and annually thoot
up feveral twining Stalks, which
rife to the Height of ten or twelve
Feet, twifting round whatever flands
near them: thefe are garnifhed with
winged Leaves, having many Ale,
and ending with an odd Lobe. ‘The
Flowers are produced in Spikes from
the Wings of the Leaves, toward
the Upper-part of the Stalks, which
are of adark Flefh-colour. .Thefe
are rarely fucceeded by Pods in Eng-

never perfected, the Seafons being
too cool for them. .

. The Roots of this Plant will live
thro” the Winter in the open Air, if

_ they are planted in a light Soil, and

a warm Situation; and will thrive
much better, if they are planted in

"a warm Border, than when they are
kept in Pots : and if in very fevere.

Winters the Roots are well covered,

either with rotten Tan, or Peas-

haulm, to keep out the Froft, there
will be no-Danger of their. decay-
ing. 3 :

© Thaye feen thefePlants fet round

_ an Arbour, which they have covered
in Summer ; and when the Flowers:

GL

were blown, they made a good Ap-

pearance ; bat itis pretty late in the
Seafon before they get up high
enough to make a Shade.

The Seeds of this Sort are, fre-
quently brought from America,
which may be fown in the common
Ground in the Spring, and the Plants
will come up the fame Year; but
fhould remain in the fame Place
until the next Spring!: tho’ they
fhould be covered in Winter ; for
the young Roots will.be in more
Danger of fuffering by the Froft,
than when they have acquired more
Strength. Inthe Beginning of Apri]
the Roots may be tranfplanted where
they are to remain. Thefe alfo pro-
pagate by Off-fets from the Root,
which may be tranfplanted at the
{ame time as the Seedling-plants.

This is ranged by Dr. Tourncfort
under the Genus of Afragalus, or
Milk-vetch ; and.is titled, Afra-
galus tuberofus fcandens, fraxint
Solio. |

The fecond Sort was brought from
Carolina; but has beer fince ob-
ferved in Virginia, and fome other
Placesin North America. ‘This Sort
has woody Stalks, which twift them-

land; or if they are, the Seeds areWYelves together, and alfo twine

round any Trees that grow near,
and will rife to the Height of fifteen
Feet, or more. he Leaves are
winged, and in Shape fomewhat like
the Afh-tree, but have a greater
Number of Pinne. The Flowers.
are produced from the Wings of the
Leaves, which are of a purple Co--
lour: ‘thefe are fucceeded by long
eylindrical Pods, fhaped like thofe
of the fearlet Kidney-bean, contain-
ing feveral kidney -fhaped Seeds ;
but thefe are never perfected in Exg-
land. Le dg
- ‘This climbing Shrub is propa-
gated in feveral Nurferies near Laz-
don, where it is known by the N “ee
“ . ec 1

GCL

of Carolina Kidney-bean-tree. Is
is increafed by laying down the
young Branches in Ofober ; which
will be rooted well by that time
‘Twelvemonth, efpecially if they are
duly watered in dry Weather, and
may then be tranfplanted either into
a Nurfery for aYear to get Strength,
or to the Place where they are to
remain for good ; which fheuld be
in a warm light Soil, and a fheltered
Situation, where they will endure
the Cold of our ordinary Winters
very well; and if their Roots are
covered with Straw, Fern, Peas-
haulm, or any other light Covering,
there will be no Danger of their be-
ing deftroyed by the Froft.

GLYCYRRHIZA, Liquorice.

The Charaders are ;

It bath a papilionaceous Flower :
the Pointal, which arifes from the
Empalement, becomes a foort Pod, con-
taining f.veral kidney-/baped Seeds:
the Leawes are placed by Pairs joined
to the Mid-rib, and are terminated
by an odd Lobe.

The Species are ;

1. GLycyRRHIZA filiquofa, vel
Germanica. C.B. P. -Common Li-
quorice.

2. GLYCYRRHIZA capite echinatos
C. B. P. Rough- podded Liquo-
rice.

3. Grycyrruiza Orientalis, fii-
quis hirfutiffimis. Tourn. Cor, Eaitern
Liquorice, with hairy Pods.

The firft Sort is that which is
commonly cultivated in Exg/and for
Medicine: the other two Kinds are
preferved in curious Botanic Gar-
dens for Variety ; but their Roots
are not fo full of Juice as the firft,
nor is the Juice fo fweet; tho’ the
fecond Sort feems to be that which
Diofcorides has defcribed and recom-
mended ; but I fuppofe the Good-
nels of the firft has occafioned its be-

vA

GL
ing fo generally cultivated in Zu
rope. ,
The two Sorts laft-mentioned per-
fe&t their Seeds in England, by
which they: may be propagated 3
whereas the common Sorts feldom
produce any in this Country, They
may alfo be propagated by Roots,
as the common Sort.

This Plant delights in a rich light
fandy Soil, which fhould be three
Feet deep at leaft; for the greateft
Advantage confifts in the Length
of the Roots: the greateft Quantity
of Liquorice which is propagated
in England is about Pontefra# in
York/bire, and Godalmin in Surry 5
tho’ of late Years there hath been a
great deal cultivated in the Gardens
near London: the Ground in which
you intend to plant Liquorice fhould
be well dug and dunged the Year
before you plant it, that the Dung
may be perfeétly rotted, and mixed
with the Earth, otherwife it will
be apt to ftop the Roots from run-
ning down; and before you plant
it, the Ground fhould be dug three
Spades deep, and laid very light:
when your Ground is thus well pre-
pared, you fhould furnifh yourfelfé
with frefh Plants taken from the
Sides or Heads of the old Roots;
obferving that they have a good
Bud or Eye, otherwife they are
fubject to mifcarry: thefe Plants
fhould be about ten Inches long, and
perfectly found.

The deft Seafon for planting them
is towards the End of February, or
the Beginning of March, which muft
be done in the following manner ;
viz. Firft ftrain a Line crofs the
Ground in which you would plant
them; then with a long Dibble
made on purpofe, put in the Shoot,
fo that the whole Plant may be fet
ftrait into the Ground, with the

Head

¢ “a.
”

GL

Head about an Inch under the Sur-

face in a ftrait Line, about a Foot
afunder, or more, in Rows, and
two Feet Diftance Row from Row ;
and after having finifhed the whole
Spot of Ground, you may fow a
thin Crop of Onions, which, being
Plants that don’t root deep into the
Ground, nor fpread much above-
ground, will do the Liquorice no
Damage the firft Year ; for the Li-
quorice will not fhoot very high the
firft Seafon ; and the Hoeing of
the Onions will alfo keep the Ground
clear from Weeds: but in doing of
this you muft be careful not to cut
off the top Shoots of the Liquorice-
plants, as they appear above-ground,
which would greatly injure them ;
and alfo obferve to cut up all the
Onions which grow near the Heads
ef the Liquorice; and after your
Onions are pulled up, you fhould
carefully hoe and clean the Ground
from Weeds: and in O@ober, when
the Shoots of the Liquorice are de-
eayed, you fhould ipread a little
very rotten Dung upon the Surface
ef the Ground, which will prevent
the Weeds from growing during the
Winter; and the Rain will wath the
Virtue of the Dung into the Ground,
which will greatly improve the
Plants.

In the Beginning of March fol-
towing you fhould flightly fork the
Ground between the Rows of Li-
quorice, burying the remaining Part
of the Deng: but in doing of this,
you fhould be very careful not to in-
jare the Roots. This ftirring of the

Ground will not only preferve it

clean from Weeds a long time, but

_alfo greatly ftrengthen the Plants.

The Diitance which I have allow-
ed for plantiog thefe Plants, will, I
doubt not, by fome, be thought too
great: but in Anfwer to that, I
would only obferve, that as the Large-

GN

nefs of the Roots is the chief Advan-

tage to the Planter, fo the only Me-
thod to obtain this, is by giving them
room : and befides, this will give a
greater Liberty to ftir and drefs the
Ground, which is of great Service
to Liquorice ; and if the Plantation
defign’d were to be of an extraordi-
nary Bignefs, I would advife the
Rows to be made at leaft three Feet
diftant, whereby it will be eafy to
ftir the Ground with a Breaft-plough,
which will greatly lefien the Expence
of Labour. |

Thefe Plants fhould remain three
Years from the time of planting,
when they will be fit to take up for
Ufe ; which fhould not be done until
the Stems are perfectly decayed ; for
when it is taken up too foon, it is
fubje&t to fhrink greatly, and lofe of
its Weight.

The Ground near London, being
rich, increafes the Bulk of the Root
very faft; but when it is taken up,
it appears of a very dark Colour,
and not near fo fightly as that which
grows upon a fandy Soil in an open
Country.

GNAPHALIUM, Cudweed.

The Chara&ers are ;

It hath downy Leaves: the Cup of
the Flower is fealy, neither shining
nor fpecious: the Flowers are divided
or cut in form of a Star.

The Species are;

1, GNaPHALIUM Anglicum. Ger.
Long-leay'd upright Cudweed.

z. GNAPHALIUM minus, feu herba
impia. Park. Common Cudweed.

3. GNAPHALIUM maritimum. C,
B.P. Sea Cudweed, or Cotton-
weed. '

The two firfi Sorts are found wild
in divers Parts of Exglond, upon
moitt ftony Eleaths, efpectally in fuch
Places where the Water flood during.
the Winter. The fecond Sort is
placed in the Catalogue of Simples

annexed

GN

annexed to the College Di/penfatory,
but is not often ufed in Medicine:
thefe Plants are feldom propagated
in Gardens, except for the fake of
Variety ; for they have no great
Beauty, nor are of much Ufe. There
are alfo many more of this Kind,
fome of which grow wild in Exg-
Jand: but as they are never cultiva-
ted, I fhall pafs them over without
naming, and proceed to the third
Sort, which is often preferved in cu-
rious Gardens for the Variety of its
fine -filver-colour’d Leaves. ‘This
Plant is found upon the Sea-coatts of
Cornwall, and fome other Parts of
England; but yet will rarely abide
the Cold of our Winters near Lon-
don, if planted in the open Air; tho’,
if it be preferved in acommonFrame
from the Severity of Froft, it will
thrive very well: this is propagated
by planting its Cuttings in any of
the Summer-months, obferving to
water and fhade them from the Vio-
lence of the Sun in the Middle of
the Day ; and in about two Months
they will be rooted enough to tranf-
plant; at which time you fhould
provide a Parcel of {mall Pots, which
fhould be filled with light fandy
Earth, planting your young Plants
therein, fhading them again until
they have taken new Roots ; after
which they may be expofed until
the End of O@oder, when you fhould

- remove the Pots into Shelter for the

Winter-feafon. But although I have
advifed the planting of thefe Plants
into Pots, yet, if you have a Stock
of them, you may plant fome of
them abroad uhder a warm Wall,
where they will ftand very well in
mild Winters; but in very fharp
Frofts they are generally deftroyed.
‘They muft be frequently watered in
dry Weather, otherwife they will not
flower, |

GO

GNAPHALODES.

The Charafers are; :

it is @ Plant with a flofculous

Flower, canfifting of feveral barren

Florets: the Embryoes, which confti-

tuted the Empalement of the Floaer,

become a crefted Fruit, pregnant with
@ Seed for the moft part oblong.

We have but one Species of this
Plant at prefent in England; which
is,

GnaPua.opEs Lufitanica. Tourn.
Portugal Gnaphalodes.

This is a low annual Plant, which
feldom rifes above four Inches high,
but divides into feveral trailing
Branches, which are befet with {mall
filver-colour’d Leaves, which have
a great Refemblance to thofe of Cud-
weed ; tho’ the Flowers are fo {mall
as not to be confpicuous, unlefs they
are magnified by a Glafs. |

This Plant is feldom preferved in
Gardens, unlefs it be for the fake of
Variety ; for there is little Beauty
init. The Seeds of this Plant may
be fown the Beginning of pri/, ona

Bed of light Earth, in an open Situa-

tion ; and when the Plants are come
up, they fhould be kept clean from
Weeds, and in very dry Weather
they fhould be fometimes refrefhed
with Water : with this Management
the Plants will flower in ‘Fu/y, and in
Augufi the Seeds will ripen, when the
Plants will foon after decay.

GOOSBERRY. Vide Groffur
laria.

GORZ. Vide Ulex.

GOSSYPIUM.

The CharaGers are;

The Flower hath a double Empale-
ment, the outer being large, confifing
of one Leaf, and divided at the Brim
into three Parts ; the inner confifts of
one Leaf, which is cut into five Parts,
and opens like a Cup: the Flower con-
Sips of five Leaves, which are joined

sogether

GO
together at the Bottom, are beatt-
. feoped, and fpread open, in the faine
manner as the Mallow: in the Centre
of the Flower is fituated a Column
covered with Stamina at the Top, fur-
' rounding the Pointal, which after-
«vard turns to a roundifh Pod, open-
ing in four Cells, containing many oval
Seeds wrapp'd up in the Cotton.
The Species are }

1. Gossypium /foliis palmatis
guinguepartitis. ‘The common an-
nual Cotton.

z. Gossypium /foliis palmatis,
feptem-angularis, ramis patulis hirfu-
tis. ‘The green feeded Indian Cot-
tor.

3. Gossyrium caule ere&o arbo- _

reo. ‘The American Tree Cotton.

The firft Sort is the common Le-
want Cotton, which is cultivated in
feveral Iflands of the Archipelago, as
alfo in Ma/ta, Sicily, and the King-
dom of Naples: it is fown in tilled
Ground in the Spring of the Year;
and is ripe in about four Months
after, when it is cut down in Har-
veft as Corn is in England; and* is
fown every Year, the Plants always
perifhing foon after the Seeds are
ripe: this Plant grows about two
Feet high, fending forth fome lateral
Branches toward the Upper-part,
which produce Flowers and Fruit:
the Pods of this Sort of Cotton are
not bigger than a Nutmeg, and con-
tain but little Cotton.

The fecord Sort is a Native of
the Eaff and Wi fl- Indies; from
whence the Seeds have been brought
to Europe: this is alfo an annual
Plant, which perifhes foon after the
Seeds are ripe. It rifes to the Height

_ of three Feet or more, and fends out
many lateral Branches, which extend
to a great Diltance, where they are
allowed room to grow: fome of
thefe Branches will produce four or
ive Pods of Cotten upon each; fo

GO

that from a fingle Plant thirty or
more Pods may be produced; and-
each of thefe are as large as mid-.
dling Apples; fo there will be a
much greater Produce from this than
from the other Sort ; and the Staple
is much finer : therefore it is well
worth the Attetition of the Inhabit-
ants of the Briti/s Colonies in Ame-
rica, to cultivate and improve this
Sort; fince it will fucceed in Caro-
lina, and ‘fome other Parts of the
Continent of America, full as well
as in the Jflands : ahd ds the prefent
Ufe of this Commodity is fo great,.
as to advance the Price to double of
what it was fold for fome, Years
fince ; fo there are few things whicH
will produce mote Profit to the
Planter; than this of the fine Sort
of Cotton.

This Sort may be eafily diftin-
guifhed by the Seeds, which are
green; whereas thofe of all the other
Sorts are black, as alfo by the Size
of the Pods, which are much larger
than thofe of the other; the Cotton
is alfo much finer: the Flowers of
this Sort are large, of a pale Sul-
phur-colour, inclining to white; and
at the Bottom of each Petal there is
a large purple Spot; fo that wher
they are open, they make a fine Ap-
pearance.

The third Sort grows plentifully
in moft of the Iflands in America, as
alfo in Egypt, and many other warm
Countries: this will grow to the
Height of fifteen Feet or more, and
becomes woody ; the Plants continu-
ing feveral Years: it 1s propagated
in feveral of the Iflands in America,
as alio in Egypt ; but the Cotton is
not fo valuable as that of the fecond
Sort, therefore not worth cultivate-
ing, where the other can be ob-
tained, which is already in Plenty in
South Carclina ; {fo may be eafily
procured from thence. in

All

| GR

_ All thefe Sorts are very tender
Plants; therefore will not thrive in
the open Air in Exgland; but they
are frequently fown in curious Gar-
dens for Variety : the two firft Sorts
will produce ripe Seeds in England,
if their Seeds are fown early in the
Spring, upon a good Hot-bed; and
when the Plants are come up, they
may be planted into feparatePots, and
plunged into an Hot-bed of Tanners
Bark, to bring them forward; and
when they aré grown too tall to re-
main under the Frames, removed
into the Tan-bed in the Stove, and
fhifted into larger Pots, when their
Roots have filled the other: with
this Management, I have had their
Flowers appear in Fu/y; and to-
ward the End of September the Seeds
have been perfectly ripe, and the
Pods as large as thofe produced in
the Eaf and Weft-Indies : but if the
Plants are not brought forward early
in the Spring, it will be late in the
Summer before the Flowers will ap-
pear; and there will be no Hopes
of the Pods coming to Perfeétion.

The Shrub Cotton will rife from
the Seeds very eafily, if they are
fown upon a good Hot-bed; and

When they are fown early in the.

Spring, and brought forward in the
fame manner as hath been directed
for the former Sorts, the Plants will
grow to be five or fix Feet high the
fame Summer : but it is difficult to
preferve the Plants thro’ the Winter,
unlefs they are hardened gradually
in Auguft during the Continuance of
the warm Weather ; for when they
are forced on at that time, they will
be fo tender, as to render them in-
capable of refifting the leaft Injury.
The Plants of this Sort-muft be
placed in the Bark-flove in Autumn,
and kept in the firft Clafs of .Heat ;
otherwife they will not live through
the Winter in Bxgland,
= Vou. I.

GR

GRAFTING is the taking a
Shoot from one Tree, and infertink
it into another; in fuch a manner,
as that both may unite clofely, and
become one Tree. This is called by
the antient Writers in Hufbandry
and Gardening, IJncifion, to diftin-
guifh it from Inoculating or Bud-
ding ; which they call ix/erere Ocu-
bos. :

The Ufe of Grafting is to propa-
gate any curious Sorts of Fruits, fo
as to be certain of the Kinds; which
cannot be done by any other Me-
thod; for as all the good Fruits
have been accidentally obtained from
Seeds, the Seeds of thefe, when fown,
will many of them degenerate, and
produce fuch Fruit as are not worth
cultivating; but when Shoots are
taken from fuch Trees as do pro-
duce good Fruit, thefe will never
alter from their Kind, whatever be ©
the Stock or Tree on which they are
grafted ; for though the Grafts re-
ceive the Nourifhment from the
Stocks, yet they are never altered
by them, but continue to produce
the fame Kind of Fruit, as the Tree
from which they were taken: the
only Alteration is, that when the
Stocks on which they are grafted do
not grow fo faft, and afford a fufh-
cient Supply of Nourifhment to the
Grafts, they will not make near fo
great Progrefs, as they otherwife
would do; nor will the Fruit they
produce be fo fair, and fometimes
not fo well flavour’d.

Thefe Shoots are termed Cions or
Grafts: in the Choice of thefe the
following Direétions fhould be care-
fully obferved. ift, That they are
Shoots of the former Year; for
when they are older, they nevet fuc-
ceed well. 2dly, Always to take
them from healthy, fruitful Trees ;
for if the Trees are fickly from
whence they are taken, the Grafts

Na very

GR

very often partake fo much of the

Dittemper, as rarely to get the bet-
ter of it, at leaft for fome Years:
and when they are taken from young
luxuriant Trees, whofe Veffels are
generally large, they will continue
to produce luxuriant Shoots; and

_are feldom fo fertile as thofe which

are taken from fruitful Trees, whofe
Shoots are more compact, and the
Joints clofer together; at leaft it
will be a much greater Number of

Years before thefe luxuriant Grafts

begin to produce Fruit, if they are
managed with the greateft Skill.
3dly, You fhould prefer thofe Grafts
which are taken from the lateral or
horizontal Branches, to thofe from
the ftrong perpendicular Shoots, for
the Reafons before given.

Thefe Grafts or Cions fhould be
cut off from the Trees before their
Buds begin to fwell: which is ge-
nerally three Weeks or a Month
before the Seafon for Grafting;
therefore, when. they are cut off,
they fhould be laid in the Ground
with the Cut downwards, burying
them haif their Length, and cover-
ing their Tops with dry Litter, to
prevent their drying: if a fmall
foint of the former Year’s Wood is
cut off with the Cion, it will preferve
it the better; and when they are
grafted, this may be cut off; for at
the fame time the Cions muft be cut
to a proper Length, before they are

_ inferted into the Stocks; but till
- then, the Shoots fhould remain their

full Length, as they were taken

from the Tree, which will preferve

them better from fhrinking: if thefe
Cions are to be carried to a con-
fiderable Diftance, it will be proper
to put their cut Ends into a Lump

of Clay, and to wrap them up in

Mefs; which will preferve them
ticth tor a Month, or longer: but
thefe fhould be cut off earlier from

GR |
the Trees, than thofe which are te
be grafted near the Place where the
Trees are growing.

Having given Direétions for the.
Cions and Grafts, we next come to
that of the Stocks, which isa Term
applied to the ‘Trees intended for
grafting : thefe are either fuch old
Trees as are already growing in the
Places where they are defigned to
remain, whofe [’ruit is intended to
be changed; or young Trees, which
have been raifed ina Nurfery for
a Supply to the Garden: in the
formerCafe there is no other Choice,
but that of the Branches ;— which .
fhould be fuch as are young, healthy,
well fituated, and as have a {mooth
Bark : if thefe Trees are growing .
againit Walls or Efpaliers, it will
be proper to graft fix, eight, or
ten Branches, according to the Size
of the Trees; by which Method
they will be much fooner furnifhed
with Branches again, than when a
lefs Number of Cions are put in:
but in Standard-trees, four, or at
moft fix Cions will be fufficient.

In the Choice of young Stocks
for Gyafting, you fhould always
prefer fuch as have been raifed from
the Seed, and that have been once
or twice tranfplanted. Next te
thefe, are thofe Stocks which have
been raifed from Cuttings or Layers;
but thofe which are Suckers from
Roots of other Trees, fhould always
be rejected; for thefe are never fo
well rocted as the others, and con-
fiantly put out a great Number of
Suckers from. their Roots, whereby
the Borders and Walks of the Gar-
den will be always peftered with
them during the Summer-feafon 5
which ts not enly unfightly, but
they alfo take off Part of the Nou-
rifhment from the Trees.

_ If thefe Stocks have been allowed
a proper Diftance in the Norfery
where |

GR

Where they have grown, the Wood
will be better ripened, and more
. tompact, than thofe which have
grown clofe, and have been thereby
drawn up to a greater Height: the
Wood of thefe will be foft, and their
Veffels large, fo that the Cions
grafted into them will fhoot very
ftrong ; but they will be lefs difpofed
to produce Fruit than the’ other ;
and when Trees acquire an ill Habit
at firft, it will be very difficult to
reclaim them afterward.

Having direéted the Choice of
Cions and Stocks, we’ come next
to the Operation ; in order to which
you muft be provided with the fol-
lowing Tools :

1. A neat fmall Hand-faw, to
cut off the Heads of large Stocks.

2. A good ftrong Knife with a
thick Back, to make Clefts in the
Stocks.

3. A fharp Penknife to cut the
Grafts.

4. A Grafting Chiffel, and a fmall

allet.

. §.Bafs Strings, or woollen Yarn,
to tie the Grafts with; and fuch
other Inftruments and Materials as
you fhall find neceflary, according to
the manner of Grafting you are to
perform.

6. A Quantity of Clay, which
fhould be prepased a Month before
it is ufed, and kept turned and mixed,
dike Morter, every other Day;
which is to be made after’ the fol-
Jowing Manner : :

- Get a Quantity of ftrong fat
Loam, in proportion to the Quantity
ef Tice: intended to be grafted ;
then taxe fome new Stonehorfe
Dung, and break it in amongft the
Loam ; and if you cut a little Straw
or Hay very f{mall, and mix amongtt

| it, the Loam will hold together the

better ; and if there be a Quantity
of Salt added, it will prevent the

GR

Clay from dividing in dry Weather,
thefe muft be well ftirred together,
putting Water to them after the
manner.of making Morter: it fhould
be hollowed like a Difh, and filled
with Water, and kept every other
Day ftirr’d : but it ought to be re-
membred, that it fhould not be
expofed to the Froft, or drying
Winds, and that the oftenér it is
ftirr’d and wrought, the better.

Of late Years fome Perfons have
made ufe of another Compofition
for Grafting, which they have found
to anfwer the Intention of keeping
out the Air, better than the Clay
before prefcribed. This is com-
pofed of Turpentine, Bees-wax, and
Refin, melted together, which, when
of a proper Confiftence, may be put
on the Stock round the Graft, in the
fame manner as the Clay is ufually
applied ; and tho’ it be not above a
quarter of an Inch thick, yet it will
keep out the Air more effectually
than the Clay ; and as Cold will
harden this, there is no Danger of its
being hurt by Froft, which is very
apt to caufe the Clay to cleave, and
fometimes fall off; and when the
Heat of the Summer comes on, this
Mixture will melt, and fall of with-
out any Trouble. In ufing of this,
there fhould be a Tin or Copper-
pot, with Conveniency under it to
keep a very gentle Fire with Small-
coal, otherwife the Cold will foon
condenfe the Mixture; but you muft
be careful not to apply it too hot,
left you injure the Graft. A Pers
fon who isa little accuftom’d to this
Compofition, will apply it very faft;
and itis much eafier for him than
Clay, efpecialiy if the Seafon thould »
prove cold.

There are feveral Ways of Graft-
ing; the principal of which are
four :

Na 2

-
l
f

ee ae ee Se > ee x

GR

1. Grafting in the Rind, called
alfo Shoulder-grafting, which is only
proper for large Trees: this is cailed
Crown-grafting, becaufe the Grafts
are fet in form of a Circle or Crown ;
and is generally performed about
the Latter-end of March, or the
Beginning of 4pril.

2 Cleft-grafting, which is alfo
called Stock or Slit-grafang : this ts
proper for Trees or Stocks of a lefier
Size, from an Inch to two Inches
or more Diameter: this Grafting
is to be performed in the Months of
Fibruary and March, and {applies
the Failure of the Efcutcheon-way,
which is prattifed in ‘June, 7uly, and
Auguf.

3 Whip- grafting, which is alfo
ealled ‘Tongue-grafting: this is pro-
per for fmall Stocks of an Inch,
half an Inch, or lefs, Diameter :

‘this is the moft effectual Way of any,

and that which is moft in Ufe.

4. Grafting by Approach, or Ab-
JaGlation: this is to be performed
when the Stock you would graft on,
and the Tree from which you take
your Graft, fland fo near together,
that they may be joined this is to
be performed in the Month of 4pri/,
and is alfo called Inarching, and is
chiefly ufed for fafmines, Oranges,
and other tender Exotic Trees, which
will not fucceed by either of the
other Methods of Grafting.

We next come to the manner of
performing the feveral Wap of
Grafting :

The firft Method, which ts term’d
Rind or Shoulder- grafting, is feldom
pratiifed, but on large Trees, where

‘either theH ead, orthe largeBranches,

are cut of horizontally, and two or
four Cions put in, according to the
Size of the Branch or Stem: in do-
ing of this, the Cions are cut flat on
one Side, with a Shoulder to rett

- wpon the Crown of the Stock; then

GR
the Rind of the Stock muft be raifed
up, to admit the Cion between the
Wood and the Bark of the Stock,
which muft.be inferted about two
Inches ; fo as the Shoulder of the
Cion may meet, and clofely join the
Crown of the Stock ; and after the
Number of Cions are inferted, the
whole Crown of the Stock fhould be
well clayed over, leaving two Eyes
of the Cions uncovered therewith ;,
which will be fufficient for fhooting :
this Method of grafting. was much
more in Praétice formerly than at
prefent: the Difcontinvance of it
was occafioned by the ill Succefs it
was attended with; for as thefe
Cions were placed between the Rind
of the Stock and the Wood, fo they
were frequently blown out by ftrong
Winds, after they. had made large
Shoots ; which has fometimes hap-~
pened after five or fix YearsGrowth;
fo. that. whenever this Method: is
practifed, there fhould be fome Stakes
fattened to fupport the Cions, until
they have almoit covered the Stock.
The next Method is termed Cleft
or Stock-grafting : this is practifed
upon Stocks or Trees of a Smaller
Size; and may be ufed with Succefs
where the Rind of the Stock is not’
too thick; whereby the inner Bark:
of the Cion will be prevented join-
ing to that of the Stock: this may
be performed on Stocks or Branches,
which are more than one Inch Dia-
meter ; in doing of this, the Head
of the Stock or Branch mutt be cut
off with a Slope, and a Slit made the
contrary Way, in the Top of the
SIope, deep enough to receive the
Cion, which fhould be cut floping
like a Wedge, fo as to fit the Slit
made in the Stock, being careful to
heave that Side of the Wedge, which
is to be placed outward, much
thicker than the other; and in put-
ting the Clon into the Slit of the
Stock,

GR

Stock, there muft be great Care
taken to join the Rind of the Cion
to that.of the Stock ; for if thefe do
‘not unite, the Grafts will not fuc-
ceed : when this Method of Graft-
ing is ufed to Stocks which are not
ftrong, it will be proper to make a
Ligature of Bafs, to prevent the Slit
of the Stock from opening; then
the Whole fhould be clayed over, to
prevent the Air from penetrating
the Slit fo as to deftroy the Grafts;
only leaving two Eyes of the Cions
above the Clay for fhooting.
_. The third Method ts termed Whip
or Tongue - grafting, which 1s the
moft commonly practifed of any by
the Nurfery-men near London, efpe-
cially for {mall Stocks ; becaufe the
Cions much fooner cover the Stocks
in this Method, than in any other.
This is performed by cutting off
the Head of the Stocks floping ;
then there muft be a Notch made in
the Slope toward the Upper-part
downward, a little more than half
an Inch deep, to receive the Cion ;
which muit be cut with a Siope up-
ward, and a Slit made in this Slope
like a Tongue; which Tongue mutt
be inferted into the Slit made in the
Slope of the Stock; and the Cion
muit be placed on one Side of the
Stock, fo as that the two Rinds of
both Cion and Stock may be equal,
and join together exactly ; then there
fhould bea Ligature of Bafs to faften
the Cion, fo as that it may not be
eafily difplaced ; and afterward clay
it Over, a5 in the former Methods.
The fourth Sort of Grafting is
_termed Inarching-grafting, by Ap-
proach or Ablattation. This is only
to be performed when the Stocks,
which are defign’d to be grafted, and
the ‘Tree from which the Graft is to
be taken, fland fo near together, or
may be brought {o near each other, as
that their Branches may be united to-

gether: this Method of Grafting is
commonly practifed on tender Exotic

Plants, and fome other Sorts which

do not fucceed in any of the other
Methods, as was before obferved.

In performing of this Operation,
a Part of the Stock or Branch mu ©
be ‘cut off about two Inches ia
Length, obferving always to make
choice of a fmooth Part of the
Stock ; then a fmall Noich fhould be
made in the Stock downward, in the
fame manner as hath been directed
for Whip-grafting ; then the Branch
of the ‘Tree defigned to be inarched
fhould have a Part cut off in the like
manner as the Stock, and a Slit
made upward in this, fo as to leave
a Tongue ; which Tongue fhould be
inferted into the Slit of the Stock, .
obferving to join their Rinds equally,
that they may unite well together :
then make a Ligature of Bafs, to
keep them exactly in their Situation ;
and afterward clay this Part of the
Stock over well, to keep out the
Air : in this Method of Grafting, the
Cion is not feparated from the Tree,
until it is firmly united with the
Stock ; nor is the Head of the Stock
or Branch, which is grafted, cut off
till this time, and only half the
Wood pared off with a Slope, about
three Inches in Length; and the
{ame of the Cion or Graft.

This Method of Grafting is not
performed fo early in the Seafon, as
thofe of the other, it being done in
the Month of April, when the Sap is
flowing; at which time the Cion and
Stock will join together, and unite
much fooner than at any other Sca-
fon.

The Walnut, Fig, and Mulberry,

will take, by this Method of Grati- | |

ing ; but neither of thefe will fuc-
ceed in any of the other Methods:
there are alfo feveral Sorts of Ever-
greens, which may be propagated by

Naz this

GR

_ this Method of Grafting: but all

the Trees which are grafted in this
Way are weaker, and never grow to
the Size of thofe which are grafted
in the other Methods ; therefore this
is rarely practifed, but on fuch Sorts
of Trees as will not take by the
other Methods.

The next thing which is neceffary
to be known, by thofe who would
practife this Art, 1s, what Trees will
take and thrive by being grafted up-
on each other : and here there have

. been no fure Directions given by any

of the Writers‘ on this Subject; for
there will be found great Miftakes
in all their Books, in relation to this
Matter ; but as it would fwell this
Article to too great Size, if all the
Sorts of Trees were to be here enu-
merated, which will take upon each

other by Grafting, I fhall put down

{uch general Direétions, as, if attend-
ed to, will be fufficient to inftruct
Perfons, fo as they may fucceed.
All fuch Trees as are of the fame
Genus, z. e. which agree in their
Flower and Fruit, will take upon
each other; for Inftance, all the
Nut-bearing ‘Tzees may be fafely
grafted on each other; as may all
the Plum-bearing’Frees, under which
Head I reckon not only the feveral

- Sorts of Plums, but alfo the Almond,

Peach, Neétarine, Apricock, Se.

which agree exattly in their general
Chara&ers, by which they are > diftin-
guifhed from all other Trees: bat

any of thefe are very fubje& to,

emit large Quantities of Gum from
juch Parts of the Trees as are deeply
cut and wouaded; which, in the
tender Trees of this Kind, wiz.
Peaches and Ne€arines, as it is more
common and hurtfal, fo it is found
to be the fureft Method to bud or

- jnoculate thefe Sorts of Fruits. Vide

Jnoulation, -

GR

Then all fuch Trees as bear Cones
will do well upon each other, tho*
they may differ in one being ever-
green, and the other fhedding its
Leaves in Winter; as is obfervable
in the Cedar of Libanus, and the
Larch-tree, which are found to fuc-
ceed upon each other very well : but
thefe mutt be grafted by Approach 5
for they abound with a ‘great Quan-
tity of Refin, which is apt to. evapo-
rate from the Graft, if feparated
from the Tree before. it be joined
with the Stock, whereby they are
often deftroyed; as alfo the Laurel
on the Cherry, or the Cherry on the
Laurel. All the Maft-bearing Trees —
will alfo take upon each other ; and
thofe which have a tender foft Wood
will do well if grafted in the com-
mon Way; but thofe that are of a
more firm Contexture, and are flow.
Growers, fhould be grafted by Ap:
proach.

By ftriétly obferving this Rule, we
fhall feldom mifcarry, provided the
Operation be rightly performed, and
at a proper Seafon, unlefs the Wea-
ther fhould prove very bad, as it
fometimes happens, whereby whole
Quarters of Fruit-trees mifcarry ;
and it is by this Method that many
Kinds of Exotic Trees are not only
propagated, but alfo rendered hardy
enough to endure the Cold of our
Climate in the open Air; for, being
grafted upon Stocks of the fame Sort,
which are hardy, the Grafts are ren-
dered more capable to endure the
Cold; as hath been experienced in
moit of our valuable Fruits now in
England, which were formerly tranf-
planted hither from more Southerly
Climates, and were at firft too im-
patient of our Cold to fucceed well
abroad, but have been, by Budding
or Grafting upon more hardy Trees,

rendered

:

GR
rendered capable of refifting our fe-
vereft Cold.

And thefe different Graftings feem
to have been greatly in Ufe among
the Antients; though they were cer-
tainly miftalken in the feveral Sorts
of Fruits, which they mention to
have fucceeded upon each other, as
the Fig upon the Malberry, the
Plum upon the Cheftnut, with many
others of the like Kind; moft of
which I have already tried, and find
them all Miftakes ; or at leaft they
did not mean the fame Plants which
at prefent are called by thofe Names:

tho’ f can’t help thinking we are apt:

to pay too much Deference to the
Writiags of the Antients, in fuppofe-
ing them feldom to be miftaken, or
to affert a. Falfhood: whereas, if
their Works are carefully eximined,
it will be found, that they often
copied from each other’s Writings,
without making Experiments to
prove the Truth of their Affertions :
and it is well known, that the Rang-
ing of Plants before Ce/alpinus’s
Time (which is but about 150 Years
fince) was, by their outward Appear-
ance, or from the fuppofed Virtues
of them: which Method is now juft-
ly exploded ; and it hath been ob-
ferved, from many repeated Trials,
that however Plants may refemble
each other in the Shape and Make of
their Leaves, Manner of Shooting,
Fe. unlefs they agree in their Man-
ner of Fruiting, and their other di

ftinétive Charatters, they will not
grow upon each other, tho’ grafted
with ever fo much Art.;

GRAMEN, Grafs.

There are a great Variety of this
Tribe, which are divided into feveral
Genera by fome of the modern Bo-
tanifts; but I fhall not inlarge fo far
on this Article, as to enumerate all
the Differences which they have
made ; but fhall beg leave to infert

GR
fome of the Sorts which are com:
monly cultivated in England.
The Species are ;

1. Gramen hlhiaceum, anguftiore
Solio &§ Joica, C.B, P. Red Darnel-
grafs, or Rye-grafs.

2. GramMEn pratenfe minus feu
vulgatifimum. Raii Syz. The molt
common Meadow-grafs.

3. Grame_n /ecalinum. Ger. Emac.
Tall Meadow Rye-grafs. :

4. GraMeEn fecalinum & fecale
Jylvefire. Ger. Emac. Wild Rye, or
Rye-grafs.

5: GRaMEN /picatum, femine mi-
liaceo albo. Tourn. Common Canary
Grafs.. ©

6. GRraMEN /pica triticea, repens
wulsare, caninum dictum. Raii Syn.
Common Dogs-grafs, or Quick-
grafs, or Couch-grafs.

7. GraMEN /picatum, durioribus
&F craffioribus locuftis, [pica brevi.
Tourn. French Haver-grais.

8. GRAMEN paniculatum aquati-
cum, Phalaridis femine, folio varie-
gato. Inf.R.H. The ftriped Grafs,
or Ribband-grafs.

g. GramMen da&ylon efculentum,
C. B. P. The Manna-grafs.

The four firft-mentioned Sorts
grow pretty common in the Paftures
in moft Parts of England, and are
often intermixed in the fame Pafture;
fo that it is very rare to meet witha |
Pafture, which hath not feveral Sorts
of Grafs in it; but the Sort which is
a a fown about London, is the
Rye-grafs, which is very hardy; and
will grow on cold four Land better
than moft other Sorts ; but as it fel-
dom happens, that the Seed is faved
intire, without a Mixture of other
Grafs feeds, it is very difficult to
meet with a Pafture, which has not.
many Sorts in it.

The beft Seafon for fowing Graf. -
feeds is the Latter-end of 4ugu/?, and
the Beginning of Septemévr, that

Nn4 the

GR
the Grafs may be well rooted before
the Froft {ets in, which is apt to turn
the Plants out of the Ground, when
they are not well rooted. This Seed
fhould be fown in moift Weather,
or when there is a Profpect of
Showers, which will foon bring the
Grafs up; for the Earth being at
. that Seafon warm, the Moifture will
caufe the Seeds to vegetate in a
few Days: but where this cannot
be performed in Autumn, the Seeds
may be fown in the Spring ; toward
the Middle of March will be a gaod
time, if the Seafon proves favourable.
~The Land on which Grafs-feed is
intended to be fown, fhould be well
plowed and cleared fram_ the Roots
of noxious Weeds, fuch as Couch-
grafs, Fern, Ruthes, Heath, Gorfe,
Broom, Reft - harrow, &c.. which,
if left in the Ground, will foon get
the better of the Grafs, and over-
run the Land. Therefore in fuch
Places where either of thefe Weeds
abound, it will be a good Method
to plow up the Surface in April, and
let it lie fome time to dry; then
lay it in fmall Heaps, and burn it.
The Athes fo produced will fpread on
the Land ; and be a good Manure for
it. The Method of burning the Land
is particularly directed under the
Article Land, which fee ; efpecially
if it is a cold ftif Soil: but where
Couch-gra{fs, Fern, or Reit-harrow,
is in Plenty, whofe Roots run far
under- ground, the Land muft be
- plowed two or three times pretty
deep in dry Weather, and the Roots
carefully harrowed off after each
Plowing ; which is the moit fure
Method to defiroy them. Where
~ the Land is very low, and of a ftiff
clayey Nature, which holds Water
in Winter, it will be of fingular Ser-
vice to make fome under- ground
Drains to carry off the Wet; which,
if detained too long on the Ground,

GR
will render the Grafs four. The
Method of making thefe Drains is
prefcribed under the Article Land ;
which fee.
Before the Seed is fown,: the Sur-
face of the Ground fhould be made
level and fine, otherwife the Seed
will be buried unequal. The Quan-
tity of Grafs-feed for an Acre of
Land is ufually three Buthels, if the
Seed is clean, otherwife there muft
be a much greater Quantity allow’d:
when the Seed is fown, it muft be
gently harrowed in, and the Ground
rolled with a wooden Roller; which
will make the Surface even, and
prevent the Seeds being blown in
Patches. When the Grafs comes
up, if there fhould be any bare Spots,
where the Seed has not grown, they
may be fown again, and the Ground
rolled, which will fix the Seeds ; and
the firlt kindlyShowers will bring up
the Grafs, and make it very thick.
Some People mix Clover and Rye-
grafs-feeds together, allowing ten
Pounds of Clover, and one Buthel
of Rye-grafs to an Acre: but this
is only to be done where the Land
is defign’d to remain but three or
four Years in Pafture, becaufe nei-
ther of thefe Kinds are of long Du-
ration ; fo that where the Land is
defigned to be jaid down for many
Years, it will be proper to fow with
the Grafs-feeds fome white Trefoil,
orDutch Clover ; which is an abide-
ing Plant, and {preads clofe on the
Surface of the Ground, fending forth
Roots at every Joint; and makes
the clofeft Sward of any; and is the
{weeteft Feed for Cattle: fo that
whenever Land is laid down to
Pafture, there fhould always be fix
or eight Pounds of this Seed fown
ypon each Acre.
The following Spring, if there
fhould be any Thiftles, Ragwort, or
fuch other troublefome Weeds, come |

up

eR.
up among the Grafs, they fhould be
carefully cut up with a Spaddle be-
i” they grow large; and this fhould
9 repeated two or three times in
the Summer, which will effectually
deftroy them; for if thefe Plants
re fuffered to ripen their Seeds, they
will be blown all over the Ground,
_ their Seeds having Down adhering
to them, which affifts their Tranf-
portation; fo that they are often
carried by the Wind to a great
Diftance, and thereby become very
troublefome Weeds to the Grafs,
For want of this Care, how many
Paftures may be feen almoft over-
run with thefe Weeds, efpecially
the Ragwort; when a fmall Ex-
ence, if applied in time, would
eo intirely extirpated them! for
a Man may go over feveral Acres of
Land in one Day with a Spaddle,
and cut up the Weeds juft below the
Surface of the Ground, turning their
Roots upwards ; which if done in
dry Weather, they will foon decay ;
but this muft always be performed
before the Plants come to have their
‘Seeds formed ; becaufe, after that,
many Sorts will live long enough to
nourifh their Seeds after they are
cut, fg as to ripen them: and there
will be a Supply of Weeds for fome
Years after, which cannot be extir-
pated without a much greater Ex-
ence.

The proper Management — of
Pafture-land is the leaft underftood
of any Part of Agriculture: the
Farmers never haye attended to this,
being more inclined to the Plough ;
tho” the Profits attending that have
not of late Years been fo great, as
to encourage them in that Part of
Hufbandry: but thefe Reople never
think of laying down Land for
Pafture, to continue longer than three
Years; at the End of which time
they plow it up again, to fow it

GR

Their ufual Method is to fow
Rye grafs and Trefoil with Barley,
when they intend to lay down the
Ground; or fometinies fow only
Clover with their Barley : nor is it
poflible to convince thefe People of
their Error in fowing Corn with
their Grafs ; which they affirm to
be ufeful, in fhading the Grafs; not
confidering how much the Corn
draws away the Nourifhment from
the Grafs: but it is in vain to write
to thefe People, who are not to be
convinced, either by Argument or
Experiment; fo much are they {way-
ed by Cuftom, as not to be led or
driven out of their own Method:
but as their Practice of Hufbandry
has. greatly leflened the Circum-
ftances of the Farmers, fo that the
Lands are daily falling into the
Hands of the Owners; therefore this
Part of Hafbandry fhould by them
be principally attended to, as it may
be carried on with a much lefs Ex-
pence: for Pafture-land requires but
few Hands to manage; whereas the
fowing of Corn is attended with
great Expence, and the Profits very
precarious: but when this is attended
with Succefs, and the Grain at a mo-
derate Price, if the whole Labour is

to be paid for, there will be little

coming to the Owner for Rent,
when the Balance is fairly ftated ;
but in this moft Gentlemen deceive
themfelves, and often fuppofe they
gain by Farming, when perhaps the
whole Rent of the Land is iok :
therefore to avoid the Trouble
which attends this Sort of Hufban-
dry, it will be the beft Method to
turn as much of their Land into
Pafture, as they can ;. which, by
Grazing and Feeding of Sheep, will -
be attended with little Expence, and

a fure Profit.
The Canary Grafs is fown in fome
Parts of Englaud, for the Seeds,
ea which

_ will-devour it:

. - G R -
which are ufed to feed Birds: the
white Sort is the beft. TThefe Seeds

fhould be fown the Beginning of.
; Ground; for if the Roots are left,
they Will PARE into. the Ground

March, ona moderate light Soil
for they do not thrive well on flrong
cold Land. The Surface of the
Ground fliould be well ftirred, and
sade even, before the Seeds are
fown, that they may be equally bu-
yied. ‘Three Bufhels of this Seed
are fuficient for an Acre of Land.
When the Seed is fown, which fhould
be done in dry Weather, the Ground
mutt be gently harrowed to bury the
Seeds, and then the Whole fhould
be rolled with a wooden Roller;
which will fmooth the Surface of
the Ground, and prevent the Seeds
from being removed by {trong
Winds. When the Grafs is come
up, if there fhould be any rank
Weeds amongft it, they muft be
cut up with a Spaddle, as was before
direfted ; for if they are permitted
to grow, ‘they will do great Damage
to the Grafs. The Middle of 4ugu/,
the Seeds will ripen, when it fhould
be cut, and, as foon as it is dry,
fhould ‘be threfhed out, or ftacked ;

for if it remains abroad, the Bisds
if the Crop arrives
to any Degree of Perfection, there
will be upward of four Quarters on
an Acre of Land.

The Couch-grafs is one of the
moft troublefome Weeds in Corn-
Jands andGardens, and is with great
Difficulty extirpated: for the Roots

of this Kind run very far under-

ground, and every fmall Part of the
Root will grow; fo that if the Roots
are torn into fmall Pieces, every one
of them will propagate where-ever
they are left in the Ground. . Where
the Land is ftocked with this Grafs,
it fhould be plowed two or three
times in dry Weather, during the
Heat of the Summer; and after

each Plowing, the Ground’ fhoulé

be carefully harrowed,
Roots out, which, fhe otild be drawn

two Fee: which will rot it; ie

“GR.
‘draw the

into Heaps, ‘and. ther” h carted off the

after the firft Shower of Rain, and
foon become troublefome: fath
foul Land “is very unfit to fow
with Grain; therefore it will be
proper to fow with Turneps, and
Beans or Peas, which tequire hoeing
two or three times: which, if dose
in very dry Weather, will be of
great Ufe to deftroy the Couch-
grafs. Where this Method is
not obferved, it #8 common to fee
large Tratts of Land, which are
fown with Grain, fo. much over-
ran with this Grafs, that many times
the Crop doth not produce the fanie
Quantity of Grain as was fown on
the Ground.

In Gardens this Grafs is much
eafier deftroyed than in large Fields,
becaufe the Ground being frequently
dug, Care may be taken to pick out
the Roots in digging ; and if there
be any left, which appear afterward,
the Roots may be eafily forked out;
fo that in one Year it may be dé-
ftroyed, if proper Care be taken
But where the Ground is very: full
of the Roots of Couch-grafs, and
the Land will admit of being
trenched three Spits deep, that will
be the mott effe€tual Way of deftroy-
ing it, and will be cheaper than
picking out the Roots by Hand;
for by trenching the Ground fo
deep, ‘the Couch will be buries sear

turning the Ground fo deep, will
be moreover of great Service tt
If. iy
This Sort of Grafs is what the’
College of Phyficians have ordered’
to be uled tn Medicine; fo that
whenever Grais is prefcribed, this
4s what is meant, 4

‘Fhe

CR

The bearded wild Oats, or Haver,
> frequently found amongit Corn
feveral Parts of England, where
netimes they become troublefome
eeds ; for if they are not drawn
t of the Corn before it is ripe, it
ll be difficult to be feparated from
> Corn in the Barn: but as they
: annual Plants, they may be eafily
ftroyed with a little Care.

The ftriped Grafs is preferved in
ny Gardens for the Beauty of its
riegated Leaves, which will con-
ue frefh the greateft Part of the

ar.
This Sort is eafily propagated by
fting the Roots, either in Spring
Autumn ; for every Off-fet will
reafe to be a large Root in one
ar’s time. It will grow on any
il, or in any Situation; therefore
y be planted in any abjeé Part
the Garden, where it will thrive,
1 afford an agreeable Variety.
lis Sort is by many Perfons called
bband-grafs, from the Stripes of
hite and Green, which run the
ole Length of the Blade, like
» Stripes in fome Ribbands.
Clover-grafs. See Trifolium.
Saint Foin. See Onobrychis.

La Lucerne. See Medica.
Nonefuch.: See Melilotus.
Trefoil. See Trifolium.
Spurry. See Spergula.
GRANADILLA, Paffion-flower.
_ The CharaGers are;

lt bath a double Calyx, the frft
fifting of three Leaves, the other
five Leaves, which expand in form
aStar: the Flowers confift of five
aves each, and are of a rofaceous
‘m: in the Centre of the Flower
fes the Pointal, with a Crown
nged at the Bottom, but furnifbed
th a tender Embryo at the Top,
which fiand three Clubs, under
ich are the Stamina with rough
wfe Apices, which always incline

GR
downwards: the Embryo turns to ar
oval or globular Fruit, fle/by, and
confifting of one Cell, which is full
of Seeds adhering to the Sides.
‘The Species are; ,

1. GraNaviLua pentaphyllos, la-
tioribus foliis, flore caeruled magno,
Boerb. Ind. Comman or broad-
leav’d Paffion-flower.

z. GRANADILLA pentaphyllos, an-
guftioribus foltis, fore ceruleo magno,
Narrow-leav’d Paffion-flower.

3. GRANADILLA pentaphyllos,
anguftioribus foliis, fore minore pal-
lido ceeruleo ferotino. Late narrow-
Jeav’d Paflion-flower, with a lefler
and paler Flower.

4. GRANADILLA Hifpanis, Flos
Paffionis Italis. Cot. in Recch. Three-
leav’d Paffion-flower.

5. GRANADILLA folio tricufpidi,
hore parvo favefcente. Tourn. Paflion- -
flower with a three-pointed Leaf,
and a {mall yellowifh Flower.

6.GRaANADILLA fore albo, fruFu
reticulato. Boerh. Ind. White Paffion-
flower, with a netted Fruit.

7. GRANADILLA fetida, folio tri-
cufpidi villofo, flore purpurea varie-
gato. Tourn. Stinking Paffion-flower,
with a three-pointed hairy Leaf, an
a purple variegated Flower, called
by the Inhabitants of Barbados,
Love in a Mitt, ,

8. GRANADILLA frudu citriformi,
Soliis oblongis. Tourn. Paffion-flower
with a Fruit fhaped like a Citron, .
and an oblong Leaf, called by the
Inhabitants of Barbados, Water-
lemon.

9. Granavitta Jatifolia, frufu
maliformi. Broad -leav’d Paffion-
flower, with an apple-fhap’d Fruit.

10. GRranaDILLa fore fuave-
rubente, folio bicorni. Tourn. Paflion-
flower with a Leaf divided into two
Horns, and a foft red Flower.

11. GRaNnavitta folio ample tri-
cufpidi, frudiu olive forma. Tourn,
: | 7% Paffion-

GR

Paffion-flower with a three-pointed
Leaf, and an olive-fhaped Fruit.
42. Granavitia folio angufo
tricufpidi, frudu . olive forma.
Tourn. Pafion-flower with a narrow
three-pointed Leaf, and an olive-
fhaped Fruit.

_ 13.Granadinia andrefemi folio,
frudu jujzbino, Tourn, Paflion-
flower with a Tutlan-leaf, and a
Fruit like the Jujube.

14. Granapitta folio bafate,
Sore caruleo majore. Houft. Patfiion-
flower with a {pear-pointed Leaf,
and a large blue Flower.

15- Granavitia folio oblonga
Jerrato, flore purpureo. Toul. Pat-
fion-flower with an oblong ferrated
Leaf, and a purple Flower.

16. Granaditta folio glabro
tricufpidi &F angufto, flore vire/cente
tinime. Tourn. Paffion-flower with
‘a narrow {mooth three-pointed Leaf,
and a {mall greenith Flower.

17. GRANADILLA gue Coanene-
pili, few Contrayerva Hernand.
Houft, Paffion-flower or Contra-
yerva of Hernandez.

The firft Sort here mentioned is
the moft common in all the Exg/ifs
Gardens ; and, notwithitanding what
Mr. Bredley has afirmed, is very
different from the fecond and third
Sorts. Nor did I ever fee any Fruit
upon this Kind, tho’ planted in
many different Soils and Situations;
whereas the fecond Sort rarely fails
to produce Fruit every Year; and in
order to obferve the Truth of this,
I planted one of each Kind in the
fame Soil and Situation, where the
fecond Sort has produced Fruit every
Year fince; but the frit has not as
yet fhewn any Appearance thereof.
The fecond Sort does alfo differ in
the Colour of the Flower, which is
fomewhat paler than the firft, and
the Petals are not quite fo blunt at
their Extremities,

“GR
The third Sort has very’ narr
Leaves, and the young Branches ;
of a purplifh Colour: it isa ve
great Shooter, but does not flov
until the Laster-end of Summe
the Flowers of this Kind are {mal
and of a paler Colour, than eit
of the former. There is alfoa \
riety in this Plant with yello

blotch’d Leaves, which fome Peo:

preferve as a great Ouriofity: |
as this Variegation is but fm
and hardly to be feen in vigore
Shoots, it is {carce worth mentic
ing.
Thefe three Sorts are extre
hardy, and will endure our fever
Cold in the open Air; tho’ in ve
hard Winters their Shoots are fubj
to be killed, and fometimes th
Whole Stems quite to the Surfac
yet itrarely happens, that it deftre
the whole Plant; for if the Rog
are permitted to continue und
turb'd, they feldom fail to fhoot
again in the fucceeding Summer.
Thefe are propagated by layi
down their Branches, which in ¢
Year’s time will take good Roc
and may then be removed to |
Places where they are defigned
remain; the beftSeafon for tra
planting thefe Plants is towards
Latter-end of O@ober, or the E
of March, or the Beginning of 4p
juft before they begin to fhoot ;
if they are removed earlier, an:
fhould prove dry frofty Weatl
with cold North-eaft Winds, a:
often happens in Adarch, thefe Plz
will fcarcely endure it, which
the Occafion of the Death of
many of them, as is often obfer
upon Tranfplantation; but tk
which are removed early in Auta)
rarely fail.
The Plants fhould be pla
againit a Wall, or other Build:
which jhould face the paving
, QO!

GR.

welt ;

; where, if they are regularly
ined up to Poles, they will flower
remely well,- and haye a very
od Effe& in diverfifying fuch Plan-
‘ions. The’ beft Seafon for prune-
g of thefe Plants is in the Spring,
er the cold Weather is paft ; for
they are prand very early, and
fhould happen'to be. frofty Weather
terward, it would endanger moft
the young Branches : therefore it
much the better Way to let the
hole Plant remain untouch’d, fuf-
ring the rade Part to hang down
fore the Stem and Branches, do-
ig the Winter-feafon, which will
of Service in protecting them
ym the Severity of the Cold; and
at Michaelmas you lay a litle
ang, or other Mulch, about a
yot thick, upon the Surface of the
round near the Stems, it will ef-
Stually guard their Roots from
‘oft; which Method thould-be con-
intly praétis’d with fuch. as are
anted in open Quarters. The Man-
+ of Pruning is nothing more than
cut off all the fmall weak Shoots,
id fhorten the ftrong ones to about
ree Feet in Length: or, if the Build-
gis high, againft which they are
anted, they may be left much
nger, tho” you fhould be careful
yt to leave them too long ; for as
ey are vigorous growing Plants,
ey will foon get above the Buiid-
g,and become troublefome. Thofe
at are planted in Quarters, and
ained to Stakes, muft be cut fhorter,
order to have the Flowers nearer
ie Ground ; thefe, when their Sea-
m for Flowering is paft, fhould
uve a little Mulch laid about their
oots; and then their Stakes may
> taken away, fuffering their
ranches to lie upon the Ground,
hich will alfo be of Service to pro-

ath or elfe intermix’d -
ongt flowering Shrubs in Quar-:

\

Gk

tet the Plants from the Injaries of
the Winter ; afd in the Beginning
of Apri/ they may be trimmed, and -
ftaked up again: and when the .
Plants begin to fhoot, they fhould
conftantly be kept trained up to the
Stakes, whereby they will not only _
appear handfome, but the Place will

be clearer to work in, as alfo to pafs ~

through. :

The fruit-bearing Kind may alfa
be propagated, by fowing of the
Seeds in the Spring of the Year, in
Pots filled with light rich Earth,
which fhould be plunged into a mo-
derate Hot-bed, to facilitate the
Growth of the Seeds; and when the
Plants are come up, you muft harden
them by degrees to bear the open
Air: in thefe Pots they fhould re-
main until the fucceeding Spring, ob-
ferving to fhelter them in Winter un-
der alrame, or clfe place the Pots
into the Earth under a warm Wall,
to prevent their Roots from freezi
through the Pots; and the Begin-
ning of Apri/ you may fhake them

out of the Pots, and divide the Plants —

from each other, planting them in:
the Places where they are defigned
to remain; or, if you have not the
Ground ready, they may be put
each into a feparate Pot; fo that they
may at any time be turned out into
the Ground, without difturbing their
Roots ; for they are difficult Plants
to remove when ald,

Thefe Plants may alfo be planted
to cover Arbours or Seats in warm-
fituated Places,where they will flower
extremely well, and anfwer the Pur-
pofes of thofe Arbours, as well as
any other Plants which are at prefent
made ufe of.

The fourth Sort is fomewhat ten-
derer than any of the former: this
dies to the Surface every W inter, and
rifes again the fucceeding Spring :
and, if the Summer be warm, wilh

produce

GR

produce great Quantities of Flowers,
which are near as large as the coi-
mon Sort; but the Petals of the
Flower are narrower, and ftriped
with Purple.. This is the firft Sort
of Paffion-Adwer which we find de-
{cribed in old Botanic Authors, and
_ is what Parkin/on has figur’d and de-
fcrib’d in his Flower-garden; but
fince’ the other Sorts have been
brought into Eurepe, they have fo
much prevail’d, that this laft-men-
tion’d is rarely to be found, except
in fome few curious Gardens. This
may be increafed by parting of the
~ Roots, which fhould be done the Be-

geune of April, and mutt be either
planted into Pots filled with light
rich Earth, or in a good warm Bor-
der under a South Wall; for it is
fubject to be defiroyed in very hard
Weather. The Pots, wherein thefe
Plants are fet, may be plunged into
a gentle Hot-bed, in order to pro-
mndte their taking Root, it being
fomewhat difficult in rooting after it
is removed ; and this will promote
its Howering, provided you do not
draw it too much: and by this means
alfo you may propagate the Plant;
for, when it has made pretty ftrong
Shoots, if you lay them down, and
apply a gentle Warmth to the Pots,
they will pufh out Roots in two or
three Monehs time it for tran{plant-
ing, which if done betfoxe the cold
Weather comes on in Autumn, they
will be fettled fo as to endure the
Winter.

‘The Seeds of this Plant are many
times brought over from America
{where the Plant grows in great Plen-
ty), which, when obtained, may be
' fown in a moderate Elot-bed in the
Spring, and treated as was befure di-
recied for the common Sort, with
this Difference; wiz. That this, be-
ing more tender, fhould not be ex-
pos’d to the open Air io foon; and,

GR
in Winter, the Pots fhould be pli
ed into an old Bed of Tanners B
which has loft moft of its Heat,
it fhould be covered with Glaffes an
Mats in very bad Weather; b
when it is mild, they fhould havea
much open Air as poflible; you maj
alfo obferve, not to give them muc)
Water in Winter. |
_ The fifth Sort dies to the Grouni| |
every Year, as the laft, and rife)
again the fucceeding Spring : this i].
very hardy, enduring our feverej
Cold in the open Ground, and in
creafes very faft by its fpreadin
Roots; but this feldom produce
Flowers with us, and when it doth
they are fo {mall and ill-colour’d
that it fcarce deferves a Place in |
Garden, except for adding to th
Variety.

The fixth Sort is an annual Plan
with us, and requires to be raifev
upon an Hot-bed; the Seeds of thi
fhould be fown in February wit)
Amaranthus’s, &c. And when th
Plants are come up, they fhould b
tranfplanted fingly into {mall Pot
filled with light Earth, and plunger
into.a frefh Hot-bed, to bring then
forward ; and in a Month’s time afte
(when the Bed will begin to lofe it
Heat) you fhould prepare a frefl
Hot-bed; then fhake the Plants ou
of the fmall Pots, and put them int
larger, being careful not to breal
too much of the Earth from thi
Roots, plunging the Pots into thi
new Bed, in which Place they may
remain a Month longer, obferving ti
water them as they fhall require, a
alfo to give them Air in proportioi
to the Heat of the Weather, wher
you may remove them into the Stove
where they may be protecied fron
the Cold of the Nights, and grea
Raius; in which Situation they wil
produce great Numbers of l‘iowers

and ripen their Seeds perfectly well
bb

=

-
wnt ee, * coe

GR
fie Antupn,they decay as foon as
they have perfected their Fruit.
_ The feventh Sort is fomewhat like
“the fixth, but differs therefrom in the
‘Shape of its Leaves, which, in the
fixth Soa ire large and narrow, but,
in the feventh, broad and angular,
approaching to the Shape of the
white Briony, and are rougher, and
of a ftronger Scent: the Flowers alfo
of this are flrip’d in the Middle with
Purple, whereas the others are all
white; nor doth this Plant often pro-
duce its Flowers the firft Year with
us, but mutt be preferved in a warm
Stove thro’ the Winter; and the iol-
lowing Summer it will produce Flow-
ers, and perfec its Seeds.
. This Plant muft be fown on an
Hot-bed in the Spring, and managed
‘as was direéted for the laft, with this
Difference only; viz. that as this
feldom flowers the firft Summer, fo
thofe Plants which you intend to pre.
ferve thro’ the Winter, fhould be
trained up to endure the open Air in
the Summer, whereby they will be
better able to live in Winter
_ This is found in great Plenty in
many Places in the Wt. Indies, where
the Inhabitants cail it Love iz a Miz
The Seeds are frequently brought
into Exgicnd by that Name. Pere
Plumier fays, that he found it in
great Plenty in the Hedges in the
Ifland of Martinico,. where he ob-
ferved the Flowers conftantly open’d
before the Rifing of the Sun, after
which it feldom continued an Hour.
He alfo fays, That it continues flow-
éring almoft throughout the whole
Year; but that the Birds, Lizards,
and Ants, are fo fond of this Fruit,
that it is very difficult to find them in-
tire when ripe. The Empalement of
this Flower is netced; and this being
frretched out beyond the Petals, the
ayowers feem to be covered with an

_

=a. Bh Fe
‘ GR
Hood, which gave Occafion for the
Name of Love in a Mi/?. This Em- .
palement continues, and afterward
furrounds the Fruit.

The eighth Sort is a-durable Plant,
growing woody, and is more arbo-
refcent than any other Species of
this Plant which I have yet feen. The
Seeds of this are often brought over
from Barbados, where it is cultivated
in the Gardens for the Goodnefs of
its Fruit, altho’ the Flowers (which
are finer than thofe of the common
Sort) render it worthy of a Place in
a good Garden, had the Plant no
other good Qualities to recommend
it.

This Plant may be raifed by fow-
ing the Seeds upon an Hot-bed, as
was directed for the two other Sorts;
and moft be afterward tranfplanted
into Pots, and managed in the fame
manner ; but this never produces its
Flowers until the fecond or third
Year after fowing: fo it muft be
carefully preferved in Winter in 2
warm Stove with other tender Plants,
which come from the fame Country :
but, in the Summer, it fhould have
a good Share of free Air, efpecially
in warm Weather, tho’ it will not
bear to be wholly expofed to the
open Air.

It may alfo be propagated by lay-
ing down fome of its Branches in the
Spring, which, in two Months time,
will itrike Root, and may then be
tranfplanted into Pots, and managed
as the old Plants. During the Sum-
mer-feafon thefe Plants will require
to be plentifully watered (efpecially
if they are kept warm); but in
Winter they fhould not have too
much Wet; therefore you fhould
often refrefh them, but do not give
them much at each time. ‘The Heat,
in which they thrive beft’in Winter,
is that marked Premento, wpon the

Botanical

f

GR

Botanical Thermometers; but in
Summer they will require a much
greater Share of Warmth.

I don’t find any Authors, who have
written on this Plant, mention its
‘growing wild in any Parts of the

cft-Indies. Pere Plumiier fays, It
3s cultivated in Gardens, to cover
Arbours and Seats, for the Goodnefs
of its Fruit, which ripens in April
or May, and is of a wonderful re-
frefhing Nature; and is commonly
ufed in Fevers as a Cordial Syrup, in
the ftead of Rob of Goofberries.
The French call the Fruit of this

' Plant Pommes de Liane ; and the Exg-

L/h, Water-lemon, as chiefly delight-
ing to grow in a moift Soil. ‘The
Pliowers of this Plant have a very
agrecable Scent, and are extremely
beautiful.

The ninth Sort alfo is am abiding
Plant, but never becomes fo woody
as the former: the Stalks are com-
monly of a green herbaceous Co-
jour, and triangular: the Leaves are
broader and fhorter, but not fo thick
as thofe of the former, and of a
livelier green Colour: the Flowers
of this Kind are very large, and of
afine red Colour, ‘inclining to Pur-
ple, and very*fweet: the Fruit is
about the Size of a middling Apple,
and of an agreeable Flavour.

This may alfo be propagated by
Seeds or Layers, as the’ formér Sort,

- and muft be managed exactly in the

fame manner ; fo that I fhall not re-
‘peat here, bat only obferve, that

this will alfo grow from Cuttings, if _

planted in an Hot-bed during any of
the Summer: manths.
Pere Plamier obferv’d this Plant in

the lffe” of S#. Domingo: it flowers

therein 49777.

The'tenth Sort 1s very common in
moft Parts of the Caribdee Iflands. I
have alfo received Seeds of it from
the Bahama Uiands, from which I

aa

have raifed Platits of this Kind thae

have produced Flowers and Fruits in:

.

1
a

the Phyfic-garden at Chel/ea, It re-
quires much the fame Management |

as the two former Sorts, tho’ I could

never propagate this either by Cut-_
tings or Layers. It requires a great —

Share of Water, efpecially in the
Summer-feafon, without which it
will rarely flower; but in Winter it
muft have it more fparingly, tho’ it
will often require to be refrefhed.
This delights in the fame Degree of
Heat with the former.

The Flowers of this Plant are very |

fmall, and of fhort Duration; nor
is there any great Beauty in the Plant,
or any thing valuable in its Fruit, to
recommend it: however, it may have

a Place in great Collections of Plants, —

to add to theVariety.

The eleventh and twelfth Sorts I

have had come up in the Earth,

which came from the Weff-Indies 3

but I have not as yet feen their

Flowers: thefe may be preferved in
the fame manner as the former, but
delight to grow in a moift Soil;
therefore muft be often refrefhed
with Water. Neither of thefe pro-
mife to be of long Continuance, tho*
Tam apt to believe they may be pro-
pagated by Layers.

The thirteenth Sortisalfo a peren=

nial Plant, which is very common in

divers Parts of the Weft-Indies: the

Flowers of this Kind are very f{mall,’
and of a greenifh Colour, without

Smelt ; and the Fruit is of a fine*
purple Colour, when ripe. It requires~
the fame Management as the former, —

and may be propagated by laying

down the Branches early in the |

Spring.

The Seeds of the four laft-men-"
tioned Sorts were fent from La Vera’
Cruz, by the late Dr. William Houf= |
toun: the fourteenth Sort is new, ~

and has not been mentioned by any

~~ Botani¢ ©

GR

Botanic Writer, before the Dodor.
Since which time, this and the fif-
tenth Sort have been figured and de-
fcribed by Mr. Fon Martyn, Pro-
fefior of Botany at Cambridge, in his
fourth and fifth Decades of rare
Plants. Thefe two Sorts produce
very beautiful Flowers ; and the fif-
teenth continues flowering near three
Months, which renders it more va-
luable. The other two Sorts, having
little Beauty in their Flowers, are
only preferved by thofe who are cu-
rious in the Study of Botany. Thefe
Plants are tender, and require to be
placed in a Bark-ftove; where they
will climb to a great Height, and
produce great Plenty of Flowers,
There is now an Efpalier ina very
large Stove in the Phyfic-garden,
which is fixteen Feet high, and co-
yered over with thefe Kinds of Paf-
ion-flowers, which has a fine Effect.
But as the Plants will foon root thro’
thefe Pots into the Bark-bed, fo, if
they are difturbed, it will greatly
check their Growth ; therefore they
hould be permitted to remain in the
Bark: or if, in the firft making of
he Stove, a Border be taken out of
he Pit (on the Backfide next the
‘lues) about two Feet wide, which
nay be boarded up with ftrong Ship-
lank, and this Border filled with
darth, into which thefe Plants may
¢ planted ; they may remain feveral
Years undifturbed in thefe Borders,
ind will make a fine Appearance.
The Reafon of my advifing this
sorder to be divided from the Bark-
it with Boards, rather than by a
srick-wall, is, that the Heat of the
sark may more eafily warm the Bor-
lers, which will be of great Service
o the Plants. ,

Thefe four Sorts may be propa-
sated trom Seeds, which fhould be.
own on an Hot-bed in the Spring,
nd treated in the fame manner as

Vou. HW,

GR
hath been dire@ed for the eighth and -
ninth Sorts. |

GRAPES. Vide Vitis. ;

GRASS. The Engli> Grafs is
of fo good a Quality for Walks or
Grafs-plats, that if they be kept in
good Order, they have that exquifite
Beauty that they’cannot come up to
in France, and feveral other Coun-
tries.

But green Walks and green Plats
are, for the moft part, not made by
fewing the Grals-feed, but by lay-
ing Turfs: and indeed the Turfs
from a fine Common or Down are
much preferable to fown Grafs.

ln fowing a fine green Plat, there
is a Difficulty in getting good Seed :
it ought not to be fuch as it taken
out of an Hay-loft without Diftin-
ction ; for that Seed is always mix
ed, fo that there will be many Sorts’
of Grafs, which will be rank, and
the Stalks large, fo will never make
a good Sward; but, on the contrary,
will come to nothing but Tufts of
Weeds and Quick-grafs,- very little
better than that of the common
Fields. |

If Walks or Plats be made by
Sowing, the beft way is to procure
the Seed-from thofe Paftures where
the Grafs is naturally fine and clear,
or elfe the Trouble of keeping it-
from {piry and benty Grafs will be
very great, and it will fcarce ever
look handfome.

In order to. fow Grafs-feed, the
Ground muft be firft dug or broken
up with a Spade; and when it has
been dreffed, and laid even, itmui
be very finely raked over, and all

‘ the Clods and Stones taken off, and

covered over an Inch thick with good
Mould to facilitate the Growth of
the Seed : this being done, the Seed
is-to be fown pretty thick, that it
may come up clofe and fhort ; and
it muft be raked over again to bury

Oo and

EEE Es ee

GR

and cover the Seed, that if the Wea-

ther fhould happen to be windy, it

"may not be blown away.

As to the Seafon of fowing Grafs,
the latter End of Auguf is a good
time; becaufe the Seed naturally re-
quires nothing but Moifture to make
it grow: if it be not fown till the
Jatter End of February, or the Begin-
ning of Marcé, if the Weather proves
dry, it will not fo foon make the
Walks or Quarters green. Itis alfo
beit to fow it in a mild Day, and in-
clining to Rain ; for that, by finking
down the Seed in the Earth, will
eaufe it to fhoot the fooner. But
where Grafs is fown im Gardens,
either for Lawns or Walks, there
fhould always be a good Quantity of
the white T'refoil or Dutch Clover
fown with it; for this will make a
fine Turf much fooner than any
other fown Grafs ; and will continue
a better Verdure than any of the
grafs Tribe.

After the Seed is wel come up,
and the Grafs is very thick, and of
a beautiful Green, it will require a
eonflant Care to keep it in Order:
this confifts in mowing the Grats
often ; for the oftener it is mowed,
the fhicker and handiomer it grows :
it mutt alfo be rolled with a Cylin-
der or Ro'ler of Wood, to level it
as much as poflible.

* If Grafs be negle&ed, it will run
into Quick-grafs and Weeds; and if
ix does fo, there 1s no way to recover
it, but either by fowing it, or lay-
ing it over again, and that once in

very two Years: but if the Ground
he well cleared from the Roots of
ftrong Weeds, and the Turf be taken
froma fine Jeve} Cemmon, it wil
continue handfome for feveral Years,
provided it be well kept.

In order to keep Grafs-plats or
Waiks haudfome, and in good Or-

GR
der, in Autumn you may fow fome
tfrefh Seed over any Places that are
not well filled, or where the Grafs
is dead, to renew and furnifh them
again: but there is nothing which
improves Grafs fo much#as conitant
solling and polling it, to deftroy
Wormeaits, and thereby the Turf is
rendered fine.

It is a general Praétice, when
Turf is laid in Gardens, to cover the
Surface of the Ground under the
Turf, either with Sand, or very
poor Earth: the Defign of this is to
keep the Grafs fine, by preventing
its growing too rank. ‘This is pro-
per enough for very rich Ground,
but is not fo for fuch Land as is but
middliag or poor; for when this is
practifed in fuch Places, the Grafs
will foon wear out, and decay im
Patches. |

When Turf is taken from a Com-
mon or Dewn, there fhould be re-
gard had to the Cleannefs of it, and
not to take {uch as is fullof Weeds §
for it will be a very tedious Piece of
Work, to weed thein out after the
Turf is laid ; and unlefs this Is done,
the Grafs will never appear hand-
fome. r ff

Where Turf is defigned to remain
for Years without renewing, there
fhould be Drefiing laid upon it, ever
ether Year, either of very rotten
Dung, or Afhes; and where it can be
eafily procured, very rotten Tan &
a good Drefling for Grafs: but th
Dreilings fhould be laid on early ir
Winter, that the Rain may waft
them into the Ground, before thr
Drought of the Spring comes on
otherwife they will occafion the Graf
to burn, when the Warmth of Su
mer begins. Where Grafs is fo drefl
ed, and kept well rolled and mo
ed, it may remain very beautifi
for many Years: but where it is n¢

“GR
dreffed, or fed with Sheep, it will
rarely continue handfome more than
eight or ten Years. —

GRAVEL and Grafs are natural-
ly Ornaments to a Country-feat, and
are the Glory of the Exe Gardens,
and Things by which we excel all
other Nations, as France, Holland,
Flanders, &e. _ .

There are different Sorts of Gra-
vél; but, for thofe who can con-
veniently have it, I approve of that
Gravel on Black-heath, as preferable
to moft that we have in England; it
confifting of {mooth even Pebbles,
which, when mixed with a due Quan-
tity of Loam, will bind exceeding
clofe, and look very beautiful, and
continue handfome longer than any
other Sort of Gravel, which I have
yet feen.

Some recommend a Sort of Iron-
mould Gravel, or Gravel with a lit-
le binding Loam amongft it, than
which nothing, they fay, binds bet-
‘er when it is dry: but in wet Wea-
her it is apt to ftick to the Heels of
one’s Shoes, and will never appear
vandfome. ‘

Sometimes Loam is mixed with
Sravel that is over-fandy or fharp,
which muft be very well blended to-
rether, and let lie in Heaps; after
which it will bind like a Rock.

There are many Kinds of Gravel
which do not bind, and thereby
aufe a continual Trouble of rolling
o little or no Purpofe: as for fuch,

_ If the Gravel be loofe or fandy,

‘ou fhould take one Load of ftrong

uoam, and two of Gravel, and fo
ft them well together.

There are many different Opinions

ut the Choice of Gravel: fome
re for having the Gravel as white as
offible ; and in order to make the
alks more fo, they roll them well
ith Stone-rollers, which are -often
wna by the Matons, that they may

GR

add a Whitenefs to the Walks : but
this renders it very troublefome to
the Eyes, by reflecting the Rays of
Light fo ftrongly; therefore this
fhould ever be avoided; and fuch
Gravel as will lie fmooth, and re-
fleét the leaft, fhould be preferred.

Somé fcreen the Gravel too fine
which is an Error: for if it be caf
into a round Heap, and the great
Stones only raked off, it will be the
better.

Some are apt to lay Gravel-walks
too round; but this is likewife am
Error, becaufe they are not fo good
to walk upon, and, befides, it makes
them look narrow: one Inch is
enough in a Crown of five Feet ; and
it will be fufficient, ifa Walk be ter
Feet wide, that it lies two Inches
higher in the Middle than it does on
each Side; if fifteen Feet, three
Inches ; if twenty Feet, four; and
fo.in proportion to thirty Feet;
which is wider than any Walk ina
Garden ought to be made.

For the Depth of Gravel-walks,
fix or eight Inches may do well.
enough ; but a Foot Thicknefs will
be fufficient for any ; but then there
fhould always be a Depth of Rub-
bith laid under the Gravel, efpecially
if the Ground is wet; in which Cafe
there cannot be too much Care to fill
the Bottom of the Walks with large
Stones, Flints, Brick-rubbifh, or any
other Materials, which can be beft
procured ; which will drain off the
Moitture from the Gravel, and pre-
vent its being poachy in wet Wea-
ther. ?

In the making of Gravel-walks,
there muft be great regard had to the
Level of the Ground, fo as to lay
the Walks with eafy Defcents toward
the low Parts of the Ground, thae
the Wet may be drained offeafily; for
when this is omitted, the Water will
lie upon the Walks a confiderable

Ooz time

GR
tithe after hard Rains, which will
render them unfit for Ufe, efpecially

“where the Ground is naturally wet or

ftrong: but where the Ground is
level, and there are no Declivities to
carry off the Wet, it will be proper
to have Sink-ftones laid by the Sides
of the Walks, at convenient Di-
fiances, to let off the Wet; and
where the Ground is naturally dry,
that the Water will foon foak away,
the Drains from the Sink-ftones may
be contrived fo as to convey the Wa-
ter in Seffpools, from which theWa-
ter will foak away in, a fhert time:
but in wet Land, there fhould be un-
der-ground Drains, to convey the
Wet off, either into Ponds, Ditches,
or the neareft Place to receive it ; for
where this is not well provided for,
theWalks will never be fo handfome,
or ufeful.

The Month of March is the pro-
pereft Time for laying Gravel: it is
not prudent to do it fooner, or to
lay Walks-in any of the Winter-
months before that time.

Some indeed turn up Gravel-walks
in Ridges in December, in order to
kill the Weeds: but this is very
wrong ; for befides that it deprives
them of the Benefit of them all the
Winter, it does not anfwer the End
for which it is done, but rather the
contrary ; for tho’ it does kill the
Weeds for the prefent, yet it adds a
Fertility to them, as to the great

’ £utere Increafe of both them and

Grafs. ;

If conftant roiling them after the
Rains ard Froft will not effeétually
kil the Weeds and Mofs, you fhould
turn the Walks in Murch, and lay
them down at the fame time.

_In order to deitroy Worms that
fpoil the Beauty of Gravel or Grafs-
walks, fome recommend the wafh-
ing them well withWater, in which

Valnut-tree-lcaves have been fieep-

x
ed, and made very bitter, efpecially
thofePlaces moft annoyed with them ;
and this, they fay, as foon as it
reaches them, will make them come
out haftily, fo that they may be ga-
thered: but if, in the firft laving of
the Walks,-there is a good Bed of
Lime-rubbifh laid in the Bottom, it
is the moft effe€tual Method to keep
out the Worms; for they don’t care
to harbour near Lime.

GREEN-.HOUSE, or Conferva-
tory.

As of late Years there have been
great Quantities of curious Exotic
Plants introduced into the Exglifs
Gardens, fo the Number of Green-
houfes or Contervatories has in-
creafed ; and not only a greater Skill:
in the Management and Ordering of
thefe Plants has increafed therewith,
but alfoa greater Knowlege of the
Struéture and Contrivance of thefe
Places, fo as to render them both
ufeful and ornamental, hath been
acquired : and fince there are many’
Particulars to be obferved in the’
Conftruction of thefe Houfes,where-_
by they will be greatly improv’d, I
thought it neceflary not only to give
the beft Inftruétions for this I was!
capable of, but alfo to give a Defign’
of one in the manner I choofe to ereét
it, upon the annexed Copper-plate. «

As to the Length of thete Houfes,
that muft be proportion’d to theNum-
ber of Plants they are to contain, or
the Fancy of the Owner; but their
Depth fhould never be greater than
their Height in the Clear ; which in
{mall or middjing Houfes may be fix-
teen or eighteen Feet; but for large
ones, from twenty to twenty-four
Feet, is a good Proportion ; for if
the Green-houfe is long, and too nar-
row, it will have a bad Appearance
both within and without; nor will it
contain fo many Plants, if proper
room be allowed for pafiing in F rom

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GR

gin Pe TRE BARYE. SF Fhe Stands.

on which the Plants are placed: and
on the other hand, if the Depth of
the Green-houfe is more than twenty-
four Feet, there muft be more Rows
of Plants placed to fill the Houfe,
than can with Conveniency be reach-
ed in Watering and Cleaning ; nor
are Houfes of too great Depth fo
proper for keeping of Plants, as
thofe of moderate Size.

The Windows in Front fhould
extend from about one Foot and an
half above the Pavement, to within
the fame Diftance of the Cieling,
which will admit of a Cornice round
the Building, over the Heads of the
Windows. As it is neceffary to have
thefe Windows fo long, it will be
impoflible to make them in propor-
tion as to their Breadth; for if in the
largeft Buildings the Safhes are more
than feven, or feven and an half
Feet broad, they will be fo heavy,
and troublefome to move up and
down, as to render it very difficult
for one Perfon to perform ; befides,

their Weight will occafion their foon

decaying. There is alfo another In-
convenience in having the Windows
too broad; which is, that of fixing
proper Shutters to them, in fucha
manner, as that they may fall back

_ clofe to the Piers, fo as not to be in-

commodious; or, when open, to
obftru& any Part of the Rays of
Light from reaching the Plants. The
Piers between thefe Windows fhould

_ be as narrow as poffible to fupport

the Building; for which Reafon I

fhould choofe to have them of Stone,

or of hard well-burnt Bricks ; for if
they are built with fine-rubb’d Bricks,
thofe are generally fo foft, that the
Piers will require to be made thicker,
and the Building will not be fo fub-
fantial; efpecially if you have any
Rooms over the Green-houfe: which
is what I would always advife, as be-

fs

GR

ing of great Ufe to keep the Froft
out in very hard Winters. If thefe
Piers are made of Stone, I weuld
advife them to be two Feet and an
half broad in Front, and floped off
backward to about eighteen Inches ;
whereby the Rays of the Sun will not
be taken off or obftructed by the Cor-
ners of the Piers; which would hap:
pen, if they were fquare: but if they
are built with Bricks, it will be pro-
per to make them three Feet broad
in Front, otherwife they will be too
weak to fupport the Building: thefe
I would alfo advife to be floped of
in the manner diretted for the Stone.

At the Back of the Green-houfe
there may be ere&ted an Houfe for
Tools, and many other Purpofes ;
which will be extremely ufeful, and
alio prevent the Froft from entering
the Houfe that Way; fo that the
Wall between thefe need not be more
than two Bricks and an half inThick-
nefs; whereas, were it quite expos’d
behind, it fhould be at leaft three
Bricks in Thicknefs: and by this
Contrivance, if you are willing to
make an handfome Building, and to
have a noble Room over the Green-
houfe, you may extend the Room
over the Tool-houfe, and carry up
the Stair-cafe in the Back, fo as not ©
to be feen in the Green-houfe ; and
hereby you may have a Room twen-
ty-five or thirty Feet in Width, and
of a proportionable Length: and
under this Stair-cafe there fhould be
a private Door into the Green-houfe,
at which the Gardener may enter in
hard frofty Weather, when it will
not be fafe to open any of the Glaffes
in the Front. The Floor of: the
Green-nhoufe, which fhould he laid
either with Stone, or broad Tiles,
according to the Fancy of the Owner
(but if it is laid with Stone, the Bre
men Squares are the beft, as being
porous ; fo will not detain the Moi't-

O03 3 ’

Cz

ure), muft be rais'd two Feet above
the Surface of the Ground whereon
the Houfe is placed; which, in dry
Ground, will be fufficient: but if
the Situation be moift and fpringy,
and thereby fubjeét to Damps, it
fhould be rais’d at leaft three Feet
above the Surface: and if the Whole
is arched with low Brick Arches, un-
der the Floor, it will be of great Ser-
vice in preventing the Damps rifing
in Winter, which are often very hurt-
ful to the Plants, efpecially in great
"Thaws, when the Air is often too
cold to be admitted into the Houte,
to take off the Damps. Under the
Floor, about two Feet from the

Front, I would advife a Flue of -

about ene Foot in Width, and two
Feet deep, to be carried the whole
Length of the Houfe, which may be
returned along the Back-part, and
be carried up in proper Funnels ad-
joining to the Tool houfe, by which
the Smoke may pafs off, The Fire-
place niay be contrived at one End
of the Houfe; and the Door at
which the Fuel is put in, as alfo the
Afh-grate, may be contriyed to open

- Into the Tcol-houfe; fo that it may

be quite hid from the Sight, and be
jn the Dry; and the Fuel may be
Yaid in the fame Place, whereby it
will always be ready for Ute.

I fuppefe many People will be
forprifed to fee me dire&t the making
of Flues under a Green-houfe,which
have been difufed fo long, and by
moll People thought of ill Confe-
quence; as indeed they have often
proved, when under the Diredtion
ef unfkilful Managers; who have

_ thonghr it neceilary, whenever the

Weather was cold, to make Fires
therein. But however injurious Flues
have been under fuch Management,
yet when ‘kilfully managed, they
are of very great Service: for tho’

perhaps it may happen, that there

GR

will be no Neceflity to make anyFires
in them for two or three Years to-
gether, as, when the Winters prove
mild, there will not, yet in very
hard Winters they will be extremely
ufeful to keep out the Froft ; which
cannot be effected any other Way,
but with great Trouble and Difh-
culty.

Withinfide of the Windows, in
Front of the Green-houfe, you
fhould have good ftrong Shutters.
which fhould be made with Hinges,
to fold back, that they may fall
back quite clofe to the Piers, that
the Rays of the Sun may not be ob-
ftruéied thereby. ‘Uhefe Shutters
need not to be above an Inch and
an half thick, or little more; which,
if made to join clofe, will be fuffi-
cient to keep out our common Froft :
and when the Weather is fo cojd as
to endanger the freezing in theHoufe, ~
it is but making a Fire in your |
Flue, which will effectually prevent —
it: and without this Conveniency it
will be very troublefome, as I have
often feen, where Perfons have been
obliged to nail Mats before their
Windows, or to ftuff the hollow
Space between the Shutters and the
Glafs with Straws which, when
done, is commonly fuffered to re-
main till the Froft goes away ; which
if it fhould continue very long, the
keeping the Green-houfe clofely fhut
up, will prove very injurious to the
Plants: and as it frequently se Ne
that we have an Hour or two of the
Sun-fhine in the Middle of the Day,
in continsed Frofts, which is of great
Service to Plants, when they can en-
joy the Rays thereof through the
Glaifes ; fo, when there is nothing
miore to do than to open the Shut
ters, which may be. performed ina
very fhort time, and as foon fhut
again when the Sun is clouded, the
Plants may have the Benefit thereof

: whens,

Sok.

whenever it appears: whereas, where.

there is fo much Trouble to uncover,
and as much to cover again, it would
take up the whole Time in uncover-
ing and fhutting them up, and there-
by the Advantage of the Sun’s In-
fluence would be loft. Befides, where

there is fo much Trouble required tov

keep out the Froff, it will be a great
Chance if it be not neglected by the
Gardener: forif he be not as fond

_ of preferving his Plants, and as much
in love with them, as his Matter,
this Labour will be thought too great
by him; and if he takes the Pains
to cover the Glaffes up with Mats.
ce. he will not care to take them
away again until the Weather alters ;
fo that the Plants will be thut up clofe
during the whole Continuance of the
Froft.

There are fome People who com-
monly make ufe of Pots filled with
Charcoal to fet in their Green-houfe
in very fevere Frofts ; but this is
very dangerous to the Perfons who
attend thefe Fires; and I have often
known they have been almoft fuffo-
cated therewith; and at the fame
time they are very injurious to the
Plants: nor is the Trouble of attend-
ing upon thefe {mall ; and the many
Hazards to which the Ufe of thefe
Fires is liable, have juftly brought
them into Difufe with all fxilful Per-
fons; and as the Contrivance of
Flues, and of the Fires, are but fmall
Charges, they are much to be pre-
ferred to any other Method for
warming the Air of the Houfe.

_ The Back-part of the Houfe
fhould beeither laid over with Stucco,
or plaftered with Morter, and white-
wafhed ; for otherwife the Air in fe-
vere Froft will penetrate through the
Walls, efpecially when the Froft is
attended with a {trong Wind; which
is often the Cafe in the mott fevere
Winters. There are fome Perfons

GR

who are at the Expence of wainfcot-
ing their Green-houfes; but when’
‘this is done, it is proper to plafler |
the Walls with Lime and Hair behind
the Wainfcot, to keep out the Cold ;

and when they are lined with Wain-
fcot, they fhould be painted white,
as fhould the Cieling, and every Part

withinfide of the Houfe : for this re-

fieéts the Rays of Light in a much

greater Quantity than any other Co-

jour, and is of fignal Service to

Plants, efpecially in the Winter,

when the Houfe is pretty much

clofed, and but a fmall Share of
Light ss admitted through the Win-

dows: for at fuch times I have ob-

ferved, that in fome Green-houfes

which have been painted black, or

of a dark Colour, the Plants have

caft moft of their Leaves.

Where Green-houfes are built in
fuch Places as will not admit of
Rooms over them; or the Perfon is
unwilling to be at the Expence of
fuch Buildings, there muft be Care
taken to keep out the Frofi from en-
tering through the Roof. To pre-
vent which, it will be very proper
to haveaThicknefs of Reeds, Heath,
or Furz, laid between the Cieling
and the Tiles: in the doing of which
there muft be Care taken in framing ©
the Joifts, fo as to fupport thefe, that
their Weight may not lie upon the
Cieling-joifts, and endanger it: for
thefe fhould be laid a Foot thick
at leaft, and as {mooth as poffible,
and faftened down well with Laths,
to prevent their rifing; and ther
covered over with a Coat of Lime
and Hair, which will keep out the
Air, and alfo prevent Mice, and
other Vermin, from harbouring in
them; which, if left uncovered, they
would certainly do. For want of this
Precaution, there are many Green-

houfes built, which will not keep
out the Froft in hard Winters; and
O04 this

i a a

CR.

this is many times attributed to the
Glaffes in Front admitting the Cold,
when the Fault is in the Roof: for
where there is only the Covering
either of Tiles or Slates, and the
Cieling, every fevere Froft will pene-
trate through them.

In this Green-houfe you fhould
have Truffels, which may be moved
out and into the Houfe; upon which
you fhould fix Rows of Planks, fo
as to place the Pots or Tubs of Plants
in regular Rows one above another,
whereby the Heads of the Plants
may be fo fituated as not to interfere
with each other. The loweft Row
of Plants, which fhould be the for-

wardeft towards the Windows, fhould ~

be placed about four Feet therefrom,
that there may be a convenient
Breadth left next the Glaffes to walk
in Front: and the Rows of Plants
fhould rife gradually from the firft,
in fuch a manner, that the Heads of
the fecond Row fhould be intirely
advanced above the firft, the Stems
Only being hid thereby : and at the
Backfide of the Houtfe there fhould
be allowed a Space of at Icaft five
ect, for the Conveniency of water-
ing the Plants; as alfo to adinit of a
Current of Air round them, that the
Damps, occafioned by the Perfpira-
tion of the Plants, may be the better

, aMipated; which, by being pent

tn too clofely, often occalions a
Mouldinefs upon the tender Shoots
2nd Leaves; and when the Houfe is

- ‘clofe fhut up, this flagnating rancid

Vapour is often very deftructive to
the Plants: for which Reafon alfo
you fhould never croud them too

_tlofe to each other 5; ror fhould you

ever place Sedums, Euphorbiums,
Torch-thiftles, and other tender fuc-
enlent Plants, amongft Oranges,

-Myrtles, and other ever-greenT rees ;

fer, by an Experiment which I made

Ama 1779. I fownd that a Sedum,

GR
placed in a Green-houfe among fuch
Trees, almoft daily increafed its
Weight, although there was noWa-

ter given to it the whole time: which

TIncreafe of Weight was owing to
the Moifture imbibed from the Air,
which, being replete with the rancid
Vapours perfpired from the other
Plants, occafioned theLeaves to grow
pale, and in a fhort time they de-
cayed,and dropped off : which I have
often obferved has been the Cafe
with many other fucculent Plants,
when placed in thofe Houfes which
were filled with many Sorts of ever-
green ‘T’rees, that required to be fre-
quently watered.

Therefore, to avoid the Incon-
venience which attends the placing
of Plants of very different Natures
in the fame Houfe, it will be -very
proper to have two Wings added to
the main Green-houfe: which, if
placed in the manner exprefied in
the annexed Plan, will greatly add to’
the Beauty of the Building, and alfo’
colleét a greater Share of Heat. In
this Plan the Green-houfe is placed
exactly fronting the South ; and one’
of the Wings faces the South-eatt,
and the other the South-wef: fo that
from the time of the Sun’s firft Ap-
pearance upon any Part of the Build-
ing, until it goes off at Night, itis
conftantly reflected from one Part to
the other; and the cold Winds are
alfo kept off from the Front of the
main Green-houfe hereby: and in
the Area of this Place you may con-
trive to place many of the moft
tender Exotic Plants, which wil! bear
to be expofed in the Summer-feafon :
and in the Spring, before the Wea-
ther will permit you to fet cut the

Plants, the Beds and Borders of this

Area may be full of Anemonies, Ra-
nunculus’s, early Tulips, &c. which
will be paft flowering, and the Roots
fit to take out of the Ground, by the

time

GR

time you carry out the Plants ; which
will render this Place very agreeable
during the Spring-feafon that the
Flowers are blown; and here you
may walk and divert yourfelf ina
fine Day, when, perhaps, the Airin
moft other Parts of the Garden will
be too cold for Perfons not much
ufed thereto, to take Pleafure in be-
ing out of the Haufe.

contrived a {mall Bafon for Water,
which will be very convenient for
watering of Plants, and add much
to the Beauty of the Place: befides,
the Water, being thus fituated, will
be foftened by the Heat which will
be refle€ted from the Glafies upon
it; whereby it will be rendered
much better than raw cold Water
for thefe tender Plants.

The two Wings of the Building
fhould be contrived fo as to maintain
Plants of different Degrees of Hardi-
nefs ; which muft be effected by the
Situation and Extent of the Fire-
place, and the Manner of conduét-
ing the Flues; a particular Account
of which will be exhib:ted under the
Article of Stoves. But J would here
obferve, that the Wing facing the
South-eaft fhould always be prefer-
red for the warmeft Stove; its Situa-
tion being fuch, as that the Sun,
upon its frft Appearance in the
Morning, fhines dire€tly upon the
Glaffes; which is of great Service
in warming the Air of the Houfe,
and adding Life to the Plants, after
having been fhut up during the long
Nights in the Winter-feafon. Thefe
Wings, being, in the Draught an-
nexed, allowed fixty Feet in Length,
may be divided in the Middle by
Partitions of Glafs, with Glafs-doors
to pafs from one to the other. To
each of thefe there fhould be a Fire-
place, with Flues carried up againtft

the Back-wall, through which the

SSS...

EO EEE

In the Centre of this Area may be .

GR

Smoke fhould- be made to pafe, as
many times the Length of the Houfe, ’
as the [eight will admit of the

Number of Flues: for the longer

the Smoke is in pafling, the more

Heat will be given to the Houfe, —
with a lefs Quantity of Fuel: which

is an Article worth Confideration,

efpecially where Fuel is dear. By

this Contrivance, you may keep

fuch Plants as require the fame De-

gree of Heat in one Part of the
Houle, and thofe which will thrive

in a much lefs Warmth in the other

Part; bat this will be more fully

explained under the Article of ;
Stoves.

The other Wing of the Houfe,
facing the South-weft, may alfo be |
divided in the fame manner, and
Flues carried through both, Parts,
which may be ufed according to the
Seafons, or the particular Sorts of
Plants which are placed therein: fo >
that here will be. four Divifions in
the Wings, each of which may. be
kept up to a different Degree of _
Warmth; which, together with the
Green-houfe, will be fufficient to’
maintain Plants from all the feveral
Countries of the World; and with-
ont having thefe feveral Degrees of,
Warmth, it will be impoflible to
preferye the various Kinds of Plants
from the feveral Parts of Africa and
America, which are annually intro-
duced into the Exg/i/s Gardens: for
when Plants from very different

_Countries are placed in the fame

Houfe, fome are deftroyed for want
of Heat, while others are forced
and fpoiled by too much of it; and
this is often the Cafe in many Places,
where there are large Collections of
Plants. '

In the building thefe Wings, if
there are not Sheds running behind
them, their whole Length, theWalls
fhould be two Bricks and an half

| thick ;

°

GR

thick ; and if they are more, it will

be better ; becaufe, where the Walls
are thin, and expofed to the open
Air, the Cold will penetrate them ;
and when the Fires are made, the
Heat will come ‘out through the
Walis; fo that it will require a
Jarger Quantity of Fuel, to main-
tain a proper Temperature of
Warmth in the Houfe. The Back-
part of thefe Houfes, having floping
Roofs, which are covered either
with Tiles or Slates, fhould alfo be
lined with Reeds, &c. under the
Covering, as is before direéted for
the Green-houfe ; which will keep
out the cold Air, and fave a great
Expence of Fuel ; for the clofer and
better thefe Houfes are built, and
the Glaffes of the Slope, as alfo in
Front, well guarded by Shutters or
Reeds in hard Froft, the lefs Fuel
will be required to warm the Houfes ;
fo that the firft Expence in building
thefe Houfes properly, will be the
cheapeft, when the after Expence of
Fires is taken into Confideration.
‘The floping Glaflés of thefe
Houfes fhould be made to ‘lide, and
take off; fo that they may be drawn
down more or lefs, in warm Wea-
ther, to admit Air to the Plants;
and the upright Glaffes in Front
may be fo contrived, as that every
other may open as Doors upon
Hinges; and the alternate Glaffes
may be divided into two: the Up-
per-part of each fhould be contrived

- {6 as to be drawn down like Sathes;

fo'that either of thefe may be ufed
to admit Air, in a greater or lefs
Quantity, according as there may be

Occafion.

* But, befides the Confervatories
here mentioned, it will be proper to
have a deep Hot-bed-frame, fuch as
is Commonly ufed to raife large An-
nals in theSpring ; into which may
be fer Pots of fuch Plants as come:

GIR)
from Carclina, Virginia, &c. while) —
the Plants are too {mall to plant in
the open Air; as alfo many other
Sorts from Spain, &e. which reqaire
only to be icreened from the Vio-) —
lence of Frofts, and fhould have as -
much free Air as poffible in mild
Weather; which can be no better’
effected than in one of thefe Frames,
where the Glafles may be taken off
every Day when the Weather will
permit, and put on every Night;
and-in hard Frofts the Glafles may
be covered with Mats, Straw, Peas-
haulm, or the like, fo as to prevent
the Froft from entering the Pots to
freeze the Roots of the Plants, which

“is what wil, many times, utterly

deftroy them; though a flight Froft
pinching the Leaves or Shoots very
feldom does them much Harm : if
thefe are funk a Foot or more below
the Surface of the Ground, they will

-be the better, provided the Ground

is dry; otherwife they muft be
wholly above-ground: the Sides of
this Frame fhould be built with Brick,
with a Curb of Wood laid round on
the Top of the Wall, into which the
Gutters; on which the Glaffes flide,
may be laid: the back Wall of this

Frame may be four Feet high, and

the Front one Foot and an halfs
the Width about fix Feet, and the
Length in proportion to the Num-
ber of Plants. i

GREWIA.

This Genus of Plants was con-
ftituted by Dr. Linneus, who gave it
this Name, in Honour to Dr. Grew,
F.R.S. who publifhed a curious’
Book of the Anatomy of Plants.

The Chara&ers are ;

The Empalement of the Flower is
compofed of five thick fpearfbaped
Leaves, which are coloured within:
the Flower has five Leaves of the fame
Shape with thofe of the Empalement ;
but are Smaller; in the Centre of the

Flewer

GR

Flower is fituated the Pointal, foaped
hike a Column, having five Angles or
Borders; and is attended by many
Stamina; which are inferted into the
Column, at their Bafe, and are ftretch-
ed out to the Length of the Petals: the
Pointal afterward changes to a fquare
Fruit, having four Cells, each con-
taining a roundi/b Seed.

We have but one Species of this
Plant in the Engli/h Gardens;

Grewia corollis acutis. Lin. Hort,
Cliff, Grewia with pointed Flower-
leaves.

This Plant has been long preferv-
ed in many curious Gardens, both
in England and Holland ; and is fi-

gured by Dr. Plukenet, by the Title

of Ulmifolia arbor Africana bac-
cifera, floribus purpureis; bat by Dr.
Boerhaave it was {uppofed to be one
of Father Plumier’s American Piants,
jntituled Guidowia ulmi foliis, fore
rvofeo: but the Characters of this do
not at all agree with thofe of the
Guidonia ; that particular Species of
the Genus being in the Royal Gar-
den at Paris, which is extremely
different from this: we haye no
Englife Name for it. ~
‘This will grow to the Height of
ten or twelve Feet, and has a Stem
and Branches very like thofe of the
f{mall-leav’d Elm 3 the Bark being
fmooth, and of the fame Colour as
that of Elm when young: the Leaves
aye alfo very like thofe of the Elm,
and fall off in Autumn: the Flowers
are produced fingly, along the young
Branches, from the Wings of the
Leaves, which are of a bright-pur-
le Colour: thefe appear toward the
nd of Fuly, and continue in 4u-
i?, and the Beginning of September ;
es are never fucceeded by Fruit, in
this Country.
This may be: propagated from

Cuttings or Layers: the Cuttin
‘fhould be taken off, and planted in

GR

March, before the Buds begin to
{well ; for they do not fucceed well ’
after: they fhould be planted in
{mall Pots filled with loamy Earth 5.
and the Pots flrould be plunged into
a moderate Hot-bed of Tanners
Bark, where, if they are daly wa-
tered, and in the Middle of the Day
fhaded from the Sun, they will have
taken good Root in about two
Months; and may then be gradual-
ly inured to bear the open Air ; inta
which they fhould be removed in
June, and placed in a fheltered Si-
tuation, where they may remain till
Autumn, when they muft be re-
moved into the Green-houfe: the
beft time to lay down the Layers of
this Plant is in the Spring, before
the Buds come out; and thefe will
be rooted by the fame time the fol-
lowing Year, when they may be cut
off from the old Plants, and planted
each into a feparate Pot filled witha
foft loamy Soil. ’

The beft time to remove or tranf-
plant this Plant is, either in the
Spring, juft before the Buds begin
to {well, or in Autumn, when the
Leaves begin to drop; for in Sum-
mer, when the Plants are in full
Leaf, it will be very improper to
difturb them. . .

In Winter thefe Plants fhould be
placed in the Green-houfe ; for they
are toa tender to live abroad in Exg-
land: but they fhould have as much ©
free Air as poflible in mild Weather ;
for they only require ta be protett-
ed from Froft: and after their.
Leaves are fallen, they will require
very moderate Watering; but in
Summer they fhould be conftantly
watered, and placed in a fheltered
Situation, with other hardy Green- -
houfe Plants, where they will add ta
the Variety. - “9

GRONOVIA.

The Namg of this Genus was

i: given

GR
given by the late Dr, Hozfouz, in
Honour to Dr. Gronxowtus, a learned
Botanitt at Leyden.
The Chora&ers are ;

The Empalement is of one Leaf,
wvhich is cut into five Parts toward
the Top: the Flower hath fle fmall
Petals, which are placed circularly,
and expand in form of a Rofe; and
fit upon the Embryo; which afterward
becomes one naked win ged Seed.

We have but one Spectes of this
Genus; viz. |

~Gronovia Scand wile Spore, pam-
pinea fronde. Houft. Climbing burry
-Gronovia, with Tendrils like the
Vine. »

This Plant was difcovered by the
Tate Dr. Houffoun at La Vera Cruz ;
from whence he>fent the Seeds-to
Europe, which have fucceeded in
many Gardens. It is an annual
Plant, which fends forth many trail-
ing Branches, like thofe of the Cu-
cumber, which are clofely fet with
broad» green Leaves, in Shape like
thofe of the Vine; but they are
clofely covered with fmall Spines on
both: Sides, which {ting like the Net-
_ tle; the Branches have many Ten-
Grils orClafpers, by which they faften
themfelves to whatever Plants they
grow near; and will rife to the
Height of fix or eight Feet: the
Flowers are {mall, and of a greenifh-
yellow Colour; fo make no great
Appearance.

_» This, being a very tender Plant,
-muft be raifed on an Hot-bed early
in the Spring, and afterward placed
in the Bark-itove, and treated in the
fame Way as the Momordica; with
which Management 1% will produce
- yipe Seeds:,but this, having neither
Ufe nor Beauty, is rarely cultivated
put in Botanic Gardens, for the fake
a Variety. ,

i

~~ t P * : :
a oy j- vaee

GR

»GROSSULARIA, Bc Goofe-
berriystree.

The Cbisriterival are ;

The Leawes are laciniated, or jogged:
the whole Plant is fet avith Prickles:
the Fruit grows fparfedly upon the
Tree, hawing, for the moft part; but
one Fruit upon a Footftalk, avhich is”
of an oval or globular Figure, con=—
taining many fmall Seeds furrounded »
a pulpy Subjtance. .

The Species are

Guossoyaert “fori acino,
wel fpinofa fpluopiris. C . B. P. The
common Goofberry.

z. Grossutaria /pinofa fativa,
C. &. P. The large manured Goofe-
berry.

3. GrossuLaria fruu chfeure
purpurafeente. Cluf. Vhe red —
Goofberry. |

4. Grossutarta, five Uva ie
alba maxima rotunda. Hort. Ed.
The large white Dutch Goofberry.

5. GrossuLaRia maxima fub-
flava oblonga. Hort. Ed) The large
Amber Goofberry.

6. GrossuLaRia fru&u rotunda
maximo wirefcente. The large green
Goofberry.

7. GrossuLaria frudu rubro
majore. Boerh. Ind... The large red
Goofberry.

8. GrossuLaria /pinofa Sativa,
foliis fiavefcentibus. The yellow-
leav’d Gootherry.

g. GrossuLarRia f/pinofa fativa,
foltis ex lutco variegatis. The ttrip’d-
leav’d Goofberry. -

There are feveral other Varieties
of this Fruit, which ‘have been ob-
tained from Seeds in divers Parts
of Exg/and, which differ either in —
the Shape or Colour of the Betries +.
but as thefe are!only feminal V2-.
riations, 1f 9° needlefs, im this Place;
ta enumerate shen; efpecially fince
-

, +7 &

7

the Namber of thefe will be in-

creafed continually from Seeds.
Thefe are propagated either by
Suckers taken from the old Plants,
or by Cuttings; the latter of which
I prefer to the former, becaufe thofe
Plants which are produced from
Suckers are always more difpofed
to fhoot out a greater Number of
Suckers from their Roots, than fuch
as are raifed from Cuttings, which
generally form much better Roots.
». The beft Seafon for planting thefe
Cuttings is in Autumn, juft before
their Leaves begin to fall; obferv-
ing always to take the handfomett
Shoots, and from fuch Branches as
generally produce the greateft Quan-
uty of Fruit; for if you take thofe
which are produced from the Stem
of the old Plants (which are com-
monly very luxuriant), they will
not be near fo fruitful as thofe tajren
from bearing Branches: theie Cat-
tings fhould. be about fix or eight
Inches long, and muft be planted in
a Border of light Earth, expofed to
the morning Sun, about fix Inches
deep, obferving to water them gently,
when the Weather proves dry, to
facilitate their taking Root; and in
the Summer, when they have put
out, you fhould rub off all the un-
der Shoots, leaving only the upper-
moft or ftrongeft, which fhould be
trained upright, to form a regular
Stem. In O@ober following, thefe
Plants will be fit to remove; at
which time you fhould prepare an
open Spot of frefh Earth, which
fhould be well dug, and cleanfed
from all noxious Weeds, Roots, &c.
and being levelled, you fhould pro-
ceed to take up your Plants, trim-
ming their Roots, and cutting off
all lateral Branches; then plant
them at three Feet Diftance Row
from Row, and one Foot afunder in
the Rows, obferving to place fome

a

| GR

fhort Sticks to the Plants, in order -
to train their Stems upright and re-

guiar. In this Place they may re-

main one Year; being careful to

keep them clear from Weeds; as
allo to trim off all lateral Shoots

which are produced below the Head

of the Plant, fo that the Stem may

be clear about a Foot in Height

above the Surface of the Earth,

which will be full enough: and as

the Branches are produced cammon-
ly very irregular in the Head, you

muft cut out fuch of them as crofs

each other, or thin them where they

are too clofe ; whereby the Head of
the Plant will be open, and capable

of admitting the Air freely into the

Middle, which is of great Ufe to all

Kinds of Fruits.

After thefe Plants have remained
in this Nurfery one Year, they will
be fit to tranfplant to the Places
where they are defigned to remain ;
for it is not fo well to let them grow
in the Nurferies too large, which
will occafion. their Roots to be
woody, whereby the removing of
them will not only hazard the
Growth of the Plants; but fuch of
them as may take very well, will
remain {tinted for two or threeYears,
before they will be able to recover
their Check. The Soil in which.
thefe Plants thrive to the greateft
Aavantage, is a rich light fandy
Earth; though they will do very
well upon moitft Soils, which are not _
too firong or moift, and in all Si-
tuations: but where the Fruit is.
cultivated, in order to procure it in
the greateft Perfection, they thould.
never. be planted in the Shade of
other Trees, but muft have a free

open Expofure: the Diftance they

ought to be planted is eight Feet
Row from Row, and fix Feet afunder
in the Rows: the beft Seafon for
traniplanting them is in O@ober,

; when

_ Expofure are all deftroyed;

GR

when their Leaves begin to decay ;
obferving, as was before direéted,
to prune their Roots, and trim off
all lateral Shoots, or fuch as crofs
each other, fhortening all long
Branches, fo as to make the Head
regular.

In the pruning of thefe Shrubs,
moft People make ufe of Garden-
fheers, obferving only to cut the
Head round, as is praétifed for Ever-
greens, <Sc. whereby the Branches
become fo much crouded, that what
Fruit is produced, never grows to
half the Size as it would do, were
the Branches thinned, and pruned

according to Art; which fhould al--

ways be done with a Pruning-knife,
fhortening the itrong Shoots to about
ten Inches, and cutting out all thofe
which grow irregular, and thinning
the fruit-bearing Branches where
they are too thick 3 obferving always
to cut behind a Leaf-bud: with this
Management your Fruit will be
near twice as large as thofe which
are produced upon fuch Bufhes as
are not thus pruned, and the Shrubs
will continue in Vigour much longer:
but you muft obferve to keep the
Ground clear from Weeds, and dig
it, at leaft once a Year; and every
other Year you fhould beftow a
ttle rotten Dung upon it, which
wall greatly improve the Fruit.

It is acommon Practice with the
Gardenets near London, who have
great Quantities of thefe Bufhes, in
order to fupply the Markets, to
prune them {oon after Michaelmas,
and then to dig up the Ground be-
tween the Rows, and plant it with
Coleworts for Spring Ufe, whereby
their Ground is employed all the
Winter, without prejudicing the
Goofberries; and in hard Winters
theie Coleworts often efcape, when
thoie which are planted in an open
and

GR

thefe are generally pulled up for Uie

in February or March, fo that the
Ground is clear bebers the Goof-

berries come out in the Spring ;—
which is a Piece of Hufbandry well »

worth practifing where Ground is

dear, or where Perfons are confined |

for room.

GROVES are the greateft Orna- —
ments to a Garden; nor ean a Gar-
den be complete which has not one —

or more of thefe. In {mall Gardens
there is fcarce room to admit of
Groves of any Extent; yet in thefe
there fhould be at leaft one con-
trived, which fhould be as large as
the Ground will allow it: and where
thefe are fmall,
required in the Difpofition, to give

them the Appearance of being larger —

than they really are.

there is more Skill

Groves have been in all Ages held |

in great Veneration: the antient

Romans had a Sort of Groves neat _

feveral of their Temples, which were
confecrated to fome God, and were
called Luci by Antiphrafis, a non lu-
cendo, as being fhady and dark; and
thefe were dedicated to holy Ufes,
being Places of Solitude.and Retire-

ment, and were never to be violated

with the Ax.
Thefe Groves are not only great
Ornaments to Gardens, but are alfo

the greateft Relief againft the vio- —

Jent Heats of the Sun, affording
Shade to walk under, in the hotteit
Part of the Day, when the other
Parts of the Garden aré ufelefs ; fo
that every Garden is defeétive which
has not Shade.

Groves are of two Sorts; wiz.
Open -

open and clofe Groves:
Groves are fuch as have large fhady
‘Trees, which fland at fuch Diftances,
as that their Branches may approach
fo near each other, as to prevent the
Rays of the Sun from penetrating
through them: but as fuch Trees are

a long

“GR

a long time in growing to a proper
Size for affording a Shade; fo where
new Groves are planted, the Trees
mutt be placed clofer together, in
order to have Shade as foon as pofli-
ble: but in planting of thefe Groves,
ft is much the beit Way to difpofe
all the Trees irregularly, which will
give them a greater Magnificence,
and alfo form a Shade fooner, than
when the Trees are planted in Lines;
for when the Sun fhines between the
Rows of Trees, as it muft do fome
Part of the Day in Summer, the
Walks between them will be expofed
to the Heat, at fuch times, until the
Branches of thefe ‘Trees meet;
whereas, in the irregular Plantations,
the Trees intervene, and obftruét th
direct Rays of the Sun.

When a Perfon, who is to lay out
a Garden, is fo happy as to meet
with large full-grown ‘Trees upon
the Spot, they fhould remain in-
violate, if poflible; for it will be
better to put up with many Incon-
veniencies, than to deftroy thefe,
which will requirean Age to retrieve ;
fo that nothing but that of offending
the Habitation, by being fo near as
to occafion great Damps, fhould
tempt the cutting of them down.

Moft of the Groves which have
been planted either in England, or
thofe celebrated Gardens in Frazce,
are only a few regular Lines of
Trees; many of which are Avenues
to the Habitation, or lead to fome
Building, or other Object : but thefe
do’ not appear fo grand, as thofe
which have been made in Woods,
where the Trees have grown acci-
dentally, and at irregular Diftances ;
where the Trees have large {pread-
ing Heads, and are left, at fuch
Diitance as to permit the Grafs to
grow under them, then they afford
the greateft Pleafure ; for nothing is
more noble, than fine fpreading

GR

Trees, with large Stems, growing’
through Grafs, efpecially if the
Grafs is well kept, and has a good
Verdure; befides, moft of thefe plant-
ed Groves have generally a Gravel-

walk, made in a itrait Line between
them; which greatly offends the
Sight of Perfons who have true

Tatte : therefore whenever a Gra-
vel-walk is abfolutely neceflary to
be carried through thefe Groves, it
will be much better to twift it about, -
according as the Trees naturally

ftand, than to attempt Regularity :

bat dry Walks under large Trees

are not fo ufeful, as in open Places;

becaufe the dropping of the Trees

will render thefe Walks ufelefs, after

Rain, for a confiderable time.

Clofe Groves. have frequently
large Trees flanding in them; but
the Ground is filled under thefe with
Shrubs, or Underwood; fo thatthe
Walks which are made in them are
private, and fcreened from Winds ;
whereby they are rendered agreeable
for walking, at fuch times when the
Air is too violent or cold for walk-
iag in the more expofed Parts of the
Garden.

Thefe are often contrived fo as to —
bound the open Groves, and fre-
quently to hide the Walls, or other
Inclofures. of the Garden: and
when they are properly laid out,
with dry Walks winding through
them, and on the Sides of thefe
fweet-{melling Shrubs and Flowers
nregularly planted, they have a.
charming Effect: for here a Perfon
may walk in private, fheltered from
the Inclemency of cold or violens
Winds; and enjoy the greateft Sweets
of the vegetable Kingdom: there- -
fore where it can be admitted, if
they are continued round the whole
Inclofure of the Garden, there will
be a much greater Extent of Walk:
and thefe Shrubs will appear the

bef

ly

GU.
beft Boundary, where there are not
fine Profpects to be gaincd.

Thefe clofe Groves are by the
French termed Bo/guets, from the
Italian Word Bo/quetto, which fig-
nifies a little Wood: and in moft of
the French Gardens there are many
of them planted; but thefe are re-
duced to regular Figures, as Ovals,
Triangles, Squares, and Stars: but

-thefe have neither the Beauty or Ufe

which thofe have that are made irre-
gularly, and whofe Walks are not
fhut up on each Side by Hedges,
which prevents the Eye from feeing
the Quarters; and thefe want the

_Fragrancy of the Shrubs and Flow-

ers, which are the great Delight of
thefe private Walks; add to this,
the keeping of the Hedges in good

Order is attended with a great Ex-

pence ; which is a capital ‘Ching to

-be confidered in the making of Gar-

dens.
_ GUAIABARA, Sea-fide Grape,
wulgo.
The Chara&ers are ;
It hath a Flower confifiing of fix
Ecaves, which expand in form of a

Rofe: in the Centre arifes the Pointal,

which afterward becomes a pulpy
Fruit, inclofing one roundi/b Stone ter-
minating in a Point.

The Species are ;

¥. GuaraBARA alia racemofa,
foliis oblongis. Plum. Manuf. Sea-fide
Grape, with oblong Leaves.

z. GuaIaBaRA foltis retundiori-
bus. Houfi. ‘The common Sea fide
Grape.

3. GUAIABARA alia racemofa,

Soliis latiffimis. Houft. Sea: fide Grape,

‘with very broad Leaves.

4. GuataBara foliis minoribus
&F longioribus, frufiu racemofo mini-
mmo atro-purpurco. Houfi. Sea-fide
Grape, with fmaller and longer
Leaves, and the leaft dark-purple

GU
Fruit growing in Bunches, commoti+
ly called Chigery Grape.

The fecond Sort is very common
in Jamaica, and all the Caribber
Tflands ; where it grows on the fandy —
Shores, from whence it had the
Name of Sea-fide Grapes, the Fruit
growing in a long flender Bunch, —
This Fruit is commonly fold in the
Markets in Barbados, where it is
much efteemed. :

The firft Sort is common at Cars
thagena in New Spain, from whence
I received the Seeds; which were ©
collected by the late Dr. Wilkam
Houfloun.

The third Sort was alfo difcover-
ed by the fame Gentleman at La ©
Vera Cruz ; who fent the Seeds into
England, from which feveral Plants —
were raifed. Thefe two Sorts alfo
grow on the fandy Shores near the
Sea, 7

Thefe Shrubs ufually grow about
ten or twelve Feet high, and have
feveral Trunks arifing from the fame
Root, fo that they appear like large
Bufhes. The Fruit comes out from
the Wings of the Leaves in long
flender Bunches, which are about
the Size of an ordinary Raifin in the
fecond Sort: but the firft and third
Sorts produce very {mall Fruit,
which are feldom gathered. The fe+
cond Sort is figured in Lobel's Hiftory
of Plants, under the Title of Po-«
pulus Novi Orbis. |

All thefe Sorts are propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown in {mall
Pots filled with light rich Earth, and
plunged into an Hot-bed of Tan»
ners Bark: in about a Month after
which, the Plants will appear above+
ground. When they are about two
Inches high, they muft be fhaken
out of the Pots, and feparated care-
fully, planting each into a {mall Pot
filled with light rich Earth, and then

“plunged

edi SP

plunged into the Hot-bed agaia, ob-
ferving to fcreen them from the Sun
every Day, until they have taken
Root; after which time they fhoald
have Air admitted to them every
Day, in proportion to the Warmth
of the Seafon, and the Heat of the
Bed in which they are placed; they
muft alfo be frequently watered in
hot Weather: in this Bed they may
femain till Michaelmas; at which
time they fhould be removed into
the Stove, and plunged into the
Tan. During the Winter -feafon,
they muft be kept very warm, and
frequently refrefhed with Water ;
but it muft not be given to them in
large Quantities; but in Summer
they fhould have frefh Air admitted
to them in warm Weather, and wa-
tered more plentifully: but they
muft conitantly remain in the Stove ;
for they are too tender to live in the
open Air in this Country in the
warmett Seafon. Thefe Plants, hav-
ing thick, ftrong; green Leaves,
make an agreeable Appearance in
the Stoves ; and it may be expedted
to fee the Fruit brought to Perfection
in fome of the Stoves which have
been lately erected.

GUAJACANA,. Vide Diofpy-
TOs,

GUAIACUM, Lignum Vite,
wulgo,

The Chara@ers are;

Jt hath pinnated Leaves: the Flower
confifts of feveral Petals, which are
placed orbicwlarly, and expand in ferm
of a Rofe: the Pointal of the Flower,
which arifes from the Centre of the
Calyx, becomes a flefoy, roundifh, fiony
Fruit, or the tony Szeds are furrounded
with a thin Pulp.
| The Species are ;

1.Guatacum fore caruleo, fru&lu
ubrotunde. Plum. Lignum Vite,

Wood of Life, witha blueFiower,

aid roundifh Fruit.
V ov. II.

GU
_ 2. Guatacum ficre caerulea f=
briato, fruiu tetrogono. Plum. Lig-
num V:te; with a blue’ fringed
Flower, and a four-cornet’d Fruit.

Thefe two Plants are Natives of
the hotteft Parts of the Wt. Indies;
and are with great Difficulty tranf-
planted into Exgland; for their Seeds
feldom rife with us, unlefs they are
brought very frefh, and are fown
foon after they arrive: I have fome
young Plants in the Phyfic-garden;
which were raifed from Seeds; Anno
1726. and have come on very well;
tho’ they are naturally Plants of
very flow Growth.

Thefe Plants may be brought over
from: America in any of the Summer-
months, which is the fureft Method
to obtain them, their Seeds being
very difficult to grow: but great
Care fhould be taken to tranfplane
them into a Tub or Box of Earth at
leaft a Month before they ate put on
board the Skip, that they may be
fettled in the Earth; and Charge
given to the Sailors not to over water
them in their Pasiage; which igs
what hath deftroyed more Piants
fent from abroad; than either the
Cold; cr any other Accident o¢ Ma-
nagement whatever.

When the Plants arrive; they
fhould be immediately taken out of
the Tubs, preferving fome Earth
about their Roots, and plantéd into
Pots filled with frefh rich Earth,
and plunged into an Hot-bed of
Tannets Bark; to facilitate their
making frefh Roots, that they may
be enabled to live thro’ the Winter;
for if they are not well rooted iri
the Harth before the cold Weather
comes on, it will be diffieuit to pre-
fervé them. j

In OSoder they fhould be tenioved
into a warm Stove, where the Ther-
mometer fhould be kept up to twenty
Degrees above Tempcrate, as mark’d

Pp | on

|

b

Saw ABs any Ang ~P yg S
: - =

NE Se MO ogo Se SO ae, ei te

~N

_ is very hurtful to thefe Plants.

Mills,

GU

on the Botanical Thermometers; ~

and during the Winter-feafon they
fhou!d be often refrefhed with Water :
but it fhould be given them very
cautioufly 5 for too much Moifture

fhould alfo carefully wath their
Leaves, from time to time, to cleanfe
them from Filth, which is very fub-
ject to lodge upon the Surface there-
of: aud inSummer they fhould have

. @ good Share of frefh Air, by open-

ing the Glaffes of the Stove; but
they fhould never be wholly expofed
to the open Air, even in the hotteft
Seafon, unlefs for a fhort time, in
a gentle warm Shower of Rain,
which will wafh the Leaves, and

gently refrefh them.

The Wood of thefe Trees is fo
hard, as to break the Tools in fell-
ing them ; fo that it is feldom cut
down for Fire-wood, being very
difficult to burn,

But this Wood is of great Ufe
to the Sugar-planters in America,
for making of Wheels, Cogs for the

rope, where Bowls, and many Uten-

‘fils, are made of this Wood.

GUAJAVA, The Guava. .
The Chara&ers are ;
The Flowers, for the moft part,
confijt of five Leaves, which are
produced i in a circular Order, and ex-
pand in form of a Rofe, having many
Stamina, or Threads, furrounding the
Ovary: the Ovary is of a long tu-
bulous Figure, which becomes a pfey
Fruit, crowned on the Top, and con-
taining many mall hard Seeds.
The Species are ;
¥. Guarava alba dulsis.
he white Guava.
2. Guajava rubra actda, frudu

H. £.

| rotundiori. H. L, ‘The red Gaava.
~ 3. Guajava alba, fruGu parvo

edoruto. ‘The imall white fwect-
ieented Guava.

You’

€c. and it is brought to Eu- -

GU

The firft and fecoud Sorts a
frequently cultivated in America, fi
the Fruit; which are reckone
among the good Fruits of the Iflands
thefe produce Fruit about the Si
and Shape of Medlars: the Flefh.
the firft Sort is red, and that of th
fecond white; -the latter being
fweeter than the former, which
auftere and aftringent, fomewha
like the Pomgranate: but whethe
thefe are fpecifically different, of
both arife from the fame Seeds,
cannot determine.

The third Sort is found wild it
all the Iflands of the Weft-Indies
where it is frequently intermixec
with the two former: the Fruit o}
this Sort is oval, and about the Size
of a large Goofberry, of a dirty.
white Colour; and, when ripe
fmells exceeding fweet: a fingle
Fruit of this will perfume the Ail
of a large Stoves; which is what]
never have obferved in either of ‘a
other Sorts, which have ripen
their Fruit often in England.

Thefe Trees grow to the Height
of twenty Feet, or more, in the
W eft-Indics, and have Trunks @
thick as a Man’s Thigh: but wid
us in England they are preferved i
warm Stoves, and are rarely feet
above eight or ten Feet high: the
there are feveral Trees which hav
produced Fruit in England.

Thefe Plants are propagated b’
fowing their Seeds in an Hot-be
in the Spring ; and if the Seeds ar
frefh, they will come up very foon
and the Plants will grow pretty fal
fo that when they are about ‘|
Inches high, they fhould each
them be tranfplanted into a fin
Halfpeny Pot filled with light ric
Earth, and plunged into a frefh Ho
bed, in order to bring them forw
obferving to give them Air, in p
portion to the Warmthof the W

Se;
.

ee
ther ; and in. Summer - time they
will require to be frequently wa-
tered; and in the Beginning of
Fuly you muft let them.have a plen-
tiful Share of Air, in order to harden
them before Winter ; for if you con-
tinue forcing them quite thro’ the
ea te you will get them to be

very large in one Seafon ; but then
they’ll be fo tender, that it will be
difficult to preferve them in Win-
ter.

At the Latter-end of Auguf, or
Beginning of September, you fhould
remove the. Pots into the Stove,
where they fhould be placed in a mo-
derate Situation, z. ¢. not too near
the Fire, nor at too great a Diftance
therefrom : the temperate Heat, as
mark’d upon the Botanical Thermo-
Meters, agreeing better with them
than a greater Degree. During the
Winter-feafon they muft be often
refrefhed with Water, efpecially if
they are placed upon "Shelves in the
Stove ; but if they are plunged into
Tanners Bark, they will not require
it fo often; nor muit they have too
much given atatime. You fhould
alfo frequently wath their Leaves
with a Cloth in Winter, in order to
cleanfe them from Duft, and other
‘Filth, which have been colleéted
lupon the Surfaces of the Leaves,
during their being in the Hovfe ;
as alfo from Vermin, which are very

in very warm Weather they
may be placed abroad in a warm Si-
Iuation; but they fhould not remain

is cold : a. when they are treated
too, hardily, they will never produce
either Fruit or Flowers; whereas,

long abroad, efpecially if.the Seaion

moliiter. acudeato.

bwhen they are rightly managed, they

Dey Mets

will ower the third Seafoh after
their being fown.

Thefe ‘l'rees are planted. every-
where in the Caribbee ZIflands for
their Ufefulnefs; though the ufual
Manner of their Cultivation is by
being eaten: the Seeds, pafiing intiré
thro’ the Body, are voided in the
Excrements; fo that where -ever
the Negroes dung, there will never
want a Supply of thefe Trees; which

is often fo great, as to become trou-

blefome
Savanna’s.

‘¢ The Fruit (fays SirHazs Sloane}
“is accounted extremely pleafant,
“‘ delicious, and wholfome; and may
‘© very defervedly take the firft Place
‘© among the We/t-Indian Fruits, if
“* eaten when thoroughly ripe. They
‘“‘ have (continues he) only this In-
“‘ convenience, that being very
“ aflringent, they flop up the Belly,
“if eaten in great Quantities; and
“the Seeds fometimes flicking to
“the hard Excrement, in coming
‘* thro’ the Inteftines, efpecially the
“‘ Rectum, by their irregular fharp
*“« Angles, will. occafion very great
*‘ Pain there, and very often bring
“4 Flux of Blood.”

GUANABANUS, The Cuftard-
apple.

The Charaders are 3
The Empalement of the Flowér con-

in their Plantations and

Sifts of three Jmall. pointed Leaves:

the Flowers of fome Sorts have only
three, but in others fix Petals; in the
latter, three are alternately lefs than
the other: from the Empalement arifes
the Pointal, which afterward becomes
an oval or round Si foy Joft. Fruit,
inclafing feveral ‘oblong fimooth- bard
Seeds.
The Species are ;

1.,GUANABANUS fraud aureo, <P
Plum. Now, rel
The Cuftard-appie,

Pp is 2. Gva-

2

SEE OT ee ee

GU

2. Guanapanus frudtu e viridi
lutefcente wolliter aculeato. Plum.
Nov. Gen. The Sour-fop.

3. GuanaBanus paluffris, frud@u
havi viridi. Plum, Now. Gen. ‘The
Water-apple.

4. GuaANABANuS foliis odoratis,
fruiu fubrotundo fquamofo. The
Sweet-fop.

5. Guanasanus Perfee folio,

Flore intus albo, exterius virefcente,

. frudu nigricante fquamato, vulgo

Cherimolia. Feuille obf. The Che-
rimolia or Cherimonias:

6. Guanaganus frudu fubce-
ruleo. Plum. Nov.Gen. ‘The Sweet-
apple.

7. GUANABANUS fruciu purpureo.
Plum. Nov. Gen. The Purple-apple.

8. GuanaBANus frau viridi
levi, pyri inverfi forma. Water-
apple with a {mooth green inverted
pear-fhaped Fruit.

There are many more Sorts of
thefe Trees in the Eaf and Wef-
dndies, where many of the Sorts
produce efculent Fruits, fome of
which are efteemed by the Inha-
bitants, and brought to their Def-
derts; but others are Food for Birds,
Guana’s, and other Animals. Thefe
do many of them grow to the Size
of our Apple -trees, efpecially in
the warmeft Countries; but thofe
which grow in colder Countries, fel-
dom rife above eight or ten Feet
high, and have more the Appearance
of Shrubs than of Trees; for they
frequently rife with many Stems
from the Root.

There are two Sorts of thefe
Trees, which grow as far North as
Virginia, where one is called Papaw-
tree; but there they are never large
‘Trees, and are often injured by Cold
in Winter. Thefe Sorts thrive
much better in Carolina ; but whe-
ther either of thefe are the fame as
are found in the Iflands ef the He/-

mine: one of thefe Sorts will thrive —

GU ‘-

Indies, Y cannot abfolutely . detey-

in the open Air in England, if it is —
planted in a warm fheltered Situa-
tion; but the Plants fhould be trained
up in Pots, and fheltered in Winter,
for two or three Years, until they
have acquired fome Strength; then
they may be turned out of the Pots
in the Spring, and planted in the |
full Ground, where they are to re-
main. ‘This Sort has produced”
Flowers in the curious Garden of ©
his Grace the Duke of Argyll at
Whitton near Hounflow ; where it.
has been growing in the open Air _
for fome Years. ‘The Seeds of this”
Sort are frequently brought to Ezg-—
land from North America; and many —
Plants have been lately raifed in the
Gardens near London. The Seeds of
this Sort are very different in Shape, —
from any of thofe which I have yet
feen, which have been brought from
the Iflands of the Weft-Indies, and |
the Shape of the Leaves is alfo dif-
ferent ; and this cafts its Leaves in
Autumn, whereas all the others re-
tain their Leaves, never cafting them
until the Spring, when the new Leaves.
come out; fo that it may certainly
be deemed a diftiné&t Species. The
Seeds of this Sort frequently remain
a whole Year in the Ground; there-
fore the Earth fhould not be dif-
turbed where they are fown, if the
Plants do not come up the firft Year:
but the beft Way is, to fow the Seeds
in Pots, which may be fheltered in
Winter; and if they are plunged
into a moderate Hot-bed in thé
Spring, the Plants will come.
much fooner than they will in thé
open Air; fo will have more timi
to get Strength before the Winter.
The firft Sort ufually grows t
the Height of twenty-five Feet 0
upward, in the Weft-Judies; andi
well furnifhed with Branches o
ever

-GU

every Side: the Bark is {mooth, and
of an Afh-colour: the Leaves are
oblong, pointed, and have feveral
deep tranfverfe Ribs or Veins, and
are of a light-green Colour: the
Fruit is of a conical Form, and as
large as a Tennis-ball; of an Orange-
colour,when ripe, having a foft {weet
yellowith Pulp, of the Confiftence of
a Cuftard, from whence this Name
Was given to it.

The fecond Sort is not fo large
as the firft; rarely rifing above
twenty Feet high, and not fo well
furnifhed with Branches; the Leaves
are broader than thofe, and have a
{mooth Surface without any Fur-
rows, and are of a fhining-green
Colour: the Fruit is large, of an
oval Shape, irregular, and pointed
at the Top; being of a greenifh-
yellow Colour, and full of {mall
Knobs on the Outfide: the Pulp is
foft, white, and of a four and {weet
Taite intermixed, having many ob-
long dark-colour’d Seeds.

The third Sort commonly grows
from thirty to forty Feet in the
Weft - Indies. This hath oblong
pointed Leaves, which have fome
flender Furrows, and when rubbed
have a ftrong Scent: the Fruit of
this Sort is feldom eaten but by the
Negroes: the Tree grows in moiit
Places in all the Iflands of the Wz/?-
dadies.

The fourth Sort is a Tree of hum-
bler Growth, feldom rifing more
than twenty Feet high, and is well
furnifh’d with Branches on every
Side: the Leaves of this Sort have
an agreeable Scent when rubbed;
the Fruit is roundifh and fealy, and
when ripe turns to a purple Colour,
and hath a {weet Pulp.

The fifth Sort is much cultivated
in Peru for the Fruit; and from
thence the Seeds have been brought
to Laglanxe, and many Plants have

of any of the other Sorts.

GU

been raifed, This grows to be 2
very large Tree in the natural Coun-
try of its Growth, and is well fur-
nifhed with Branches, which are gar-
nifhed with Leaves of a bright green
Colour, and much larger than thofe
The
Fruit is fhaped like an Heart, and
is fealy on the Outfide, being of a
dark-purple Colour when ripe: the
Fleth is foft and fweet, has many
brown Seeds intermixed: this Fruit
is efteemed by the Peruwians as one
of their moft delicate Sorts. This
has produced Flowers in England,
but no Fruit. :

The fixth and feventh Sorts grow
in fome of the French Iflands, as alfo
in Cuba, in great Plenty: thefe grow
to the Height of three Feet or more;
their Fruit are efteemed by the In-
habitants of thofe Iflands, who fre-
quently give them to fick Perfons,
as they reckon them very cooling
and wholfome. y

The eighth Sort grows plentifully
in the Bahama lands, where it
feldom rifes ta more than ten Feet
high, having feveral Stems: the
Fruit of this Sort is fhaped like a
Pear inverted, the largeft End being
at the Footitalk. This is feldom
eaten but by the Negroes, and is the
Food of Guana’s, and other Ani-
mals.

All thefe Sorts, which are Natives
of the warm Parts of America, are
too tender to live in this Country,
if they are not preferved in warm
Stoves: they come up very eafily
from the Seeds which are brought
from America, if they are freth:
but the Seeds muft be fown on a
good Hot-bed, or in Pots of light
Earth, and plunged into an Hot-bed
of Tanners Bark. Thefe Seeds
fhould be fown as foon as pofiible
when they arrive, unlefs it is very
late in Autumn, or in Winter: in

Pp 3 whic

“
ae
‘

~

GU

which Cafe, they fhopld not $2 fown

till “February; becaufe if ‘the Seeds
receive much Damp in the Winter,

they will rot; and if the Plants
fhould come up at that Seafon, it

will be very difficult to preferve .

them till the Spring ; fo that when
thefe Seeds come to England, pretty
early in the Spring, it is by much
the beit time; becabfe the Plants
come up early, and will have time
to get Strength, before the cold
Weather comes on in Autumn.

If thefe Plants are kept in the
Bark-ftove, and carefully managed,
they will make great Progrefs ; “but

in warm Weather they fhould have-

plenty of frefh Air admitted to them ;
for when the Air is excluded from
them too much, they are apt to
grow fickly ;- when they will foon
be attacked by Vermin, which will
multiply and ipread over the whole

‘Surface of the Leaves, and caufe

them to decay: but if the Plants are
carefully managed, their Leaves will
¢ontinue green all the Winter, and
make a very good Appearance in

the Stove at that Seafon.

There are fome of thefe Plants in

England, which are upward of tweive |

Feet high,and haveproduc’d Flowers;
fo that they may probably produce
Fruit here. As thefe Plants advance
in their Growth, they become more
hardy, and- fhould have a greater
Share of Air admitted to them, efpe-
cially in’ the Summer: but there
fhould be great Care taken, not to
let them remain in the Bark-bed too
long unremoved ; becaufe they are
very apt to root thro’ the Holes of
the Pots into the Tan; and then
thefe Roots will be torn off, when-
ever the Pots are removéd, and the
Plants feldom furvive this; and
when they do, it is generally a long
time before they perfeGly recover
their pune Vigour. Thefe Plants,

- whee young, will require to be -
kept in the fame Degree of Warmth |

with the Avazas; but as they get

more Strength, they will thrive "ait

lefs Warmth.

The Virginia Sort may be planted
abroad, in a warm fheltered Sitwa-
tién, when the Plants have acquired
fome Strength, where they will en-
dure the Cold of our ordinary Win-
ters very well. .

GUAZUMA, Baftard Cedar tree,
wulgo. .

The Charaéers are;

It hath a reguler Flower confifting
of five Leaves, which are hollowed
like a Spoon at their Bafe; but at
their Tops are divided into two Parts,

like a Fork: the Flower-cup confifts

of three Leaves, from whence arifes .

the Pointal, which afterward be-

comes a roundifo warted Fruit, which

has frve Cells inchfing many Seeds.
The Species are;

1. Guazuma arbor ulmifolia,
Sruiu ex purpura nigro. Plum. Nov.
Gen. The baftard Cedar-tree, vu/go.

z. Guazuma frutex chamedry-
Solia, fiudtu lanuginofo, major. Plum.
Nov. Gin. Shrubby Guazuma, with

Se ——————

a Ground-pine-leaf, and a larger —

woolly Fruit.

3. Guazuma fratex chamadry-

folia, fruGu lanuginofo, minor. Plum:
Nov. Gen. Shrabby Guazuma, with
a Ground-pine-leaf, and a leffer
woolly Fruit.

The firh Sort grows plentifully

in the Low-lands in Vamaica, where

it rifes to the Height of forty or-

fifty Feet, and has a large Trunk.
The Timber of this Tree is cut into”
Staves for Cakks of all Sorts, and
ufed for many other Purpofes. The ‘

Fruit is eaten by Cattle as -it falls ~

from the Trees, and is efteemed very

good to fatten them; fo that the
often leave thele Trees —
flanding in their Savannas, when

hey ‘

Planters

| *. G U =
they clear them from all otherWood ;

decaufe, when there is a Scarcity of |

Grafs, and other Food, thefe Fruit
‘are-a great Support to their large
Cattle. :

The other two Sorts are pretty
¢ommon in feveral Parts of the We/f-
Indies, where they grow about ten
or twelve Feet high; but areof little
Ufe to the Inhabitants.

Thefe Plants may be propagated
by Seed, which fhould be fown early
in the Spring, in fmall Pots filled
with frefh light Earth, and plunged
into-an Hot-bed of Tanners Bark.
When the Plants are about three
Inches high, they muft be fhaken
out of the Pots, and parted carefully,

planting each into a ‘feparate {mall
Pot filled with frefh light Earth, and
then plunged into the Hot-bed again,
being careful to fcreen them from
the Heat of the Sun, until they
have taken new Root. In this Bed
the Plants may remain all the Sum-
mer. About Michaelmas the Plants
mutt be removed into the Stove, and
plunged into the Tan in a warm
Part of it. During the Winter-
feafon they will not require fo much
Water as in Summer: if their Leaves
fhould contract Filth, it muft be
carefully wafhed off with a Sponge ;
for if it is fuffered to remain on
them, it will greatly injure the Plants.
Thefe Plants being very tender, they
muft conftantly remain in the Stoves,
giving them a good Share of frefh
Air in Summer; but in Winter they
moft be kept very warm, otherwife
they will not live in this Country ;
but if they are carefully ‘managed,
they will thrive very well, and af-
ford an agreeable Variety in the
Stove amongit other tender Exotic
Plants of the fame Countries.
~ GUIDONIA. .

This Name was given to this

Genus of Plants by Father Plumier,

oD

who difcovered them in the Wef-’

Indies, in Honour to two Perfons of

Eminence in France; viz. Monfieur

Guido Fagon the King’s firft Phyfician, »

and Guidon Brofs, who was Inten-

dant of the Royal Garden at Paris.
The Chara@ers are;

The Empalement of the Flowver és
of one Leaf, and is divided into five
Parts: the Flower is of one Leaf,
which is in form of a truncated Cone,
having deep Furrows, and is indented
at the Brim: from the Centre of the
Empalement arifes the Pointal, which
afterward turns to an oval frefey
Fruit, which opens in four Parts from
Yop to Bottom, inclofing many oblong
Seeds, which are fafiened to the Pla«
centa.

The Species are ;

1. Guiponta ulmi foliis, flore
rofeo. Plum. Now. Gen. CGuidonia
with Elm-leaves, and a rofe-colour’d
Flower.

2. Guiponta ulmi foliis, flare
niveo. Plum. Now. Gen. Guidonia
with Elm-leaves, and a white Flower.

3. Gutponia aurantii foliis, acu-
Teata. Plum. Nov. Gen. Prickly
Guidonia, with Orange-leaves.

4. GuipoNta 2ucis juglandis

Soltis, major. Plum. Nov. Gen. Greater
Guidonia, with Walnut-tree-leaves.

s- GuiDoNnia xzucis juglandis
foliis, minor. Plum. Nov.Gen. Lefier
Guidonia, withWalnut-tree-leaves.

Thefe Piants are all of them very
tenders; fo muft be placed in the
Bark-flove, efpecially while they are
young, which will greatly forward
their Growth. Thefe may be all pro- ©
pagated by Seeds, which fhould be
fown in Pots filled with frefh light
Earth, early in the Spring, and.
plunged into an Hot-bed of Tan- —
ners Bark. When the Plants are
about three Inches high, they fhould
be carefully taken up, and each
tranfplanted into a feparate. Pot, and

Pp 4. plunged, .

hee ecg 5 ah ne Saree eels

‘UP eee. Se

have taken Root,

GU
lunged into the Hot-bed again, ob-
ferving to fhade them from the Sun
until they have taken Root; after
which time they muft be treated as

’ hath been direGied for the Guazuma.

The two firit Winters, thefe Plants
may be placed in the Bark- flove; but
when they have acquir’d Strength,

they may be inured to bear the open

Air in the warmeft Part of the Sum-
mer ; and in Winter they may be
placed on Stands in the dry Stove,
where, if they are kept in a mo-
derate Temperature of Warmth, they
will thrive very well, and produce
their F lowers every Year in July

and Augupt ; burt they rarely perfeét

Seeds jn this Country.

- They may be aio propagated by
laying ‘their Branches down into the
Earth: this fhould be done in 4pri/;
and if they are duly watered, they
will be rooted enough to tranfpiant
by the following Year ; when they
fhould be taken off, and tranfplanted
into Pots, and managed as is dj-
rected for the Seedling-plants. But
when it is propofed to increafe thefe
Plants after this manner, it will be
proper io encourage fome Shoots
near the Boi:om of the Stems of the
old Plants (from whence they are
very apt to fend forth Shoots) ; be-
caufe thefe will be much more con-
venient to make Layers, than thofe
which are placed higher from the
Earth.

_ Some of thefe Plants will grow
from Cuttings, when they are rightly
managed., ‘Thefe Cutiings fhould
be planted in the Beginning of April
(jut before the Plants begin to thoot)

-in Pots filled with rich light Earth,

and plunged into a moderate Hoe:
bed_of Tanners Bark, obferving to
water and fhade them until they
which will be in
about two Moaths, if they fucceed ;

when they may be inured to bear

GU

the open Air by degrees; and in |
4uguft they may be tranfplanted into —
feparate Pots, and afterward muft ©

be managed as is before direéted for
the Seedling-plants and Layers. The ©
Plants thus raifed, will produce
Flowers much fooner than thofe
raifed from Seed; but they feldom
grow to make fo large Plants as
thofe do.

GUNDELIA,

This Plant was fo named by Dr.

Tourn fort, in Honour to Dr. Gun-
del/chetmer, who found it in his —
Travels in Company with Dr. Tour-

nofort in the Levant,
The CharaGers are ;
It is a Plant with a fofculous
Flower, gathered into a kind of Head,

confifting of many Florets, coming out

of a common Empalement, and fitting
on the Embryoes of the SH which
are bid in the Cells of the Empale-
ment, and after ward become roundi if
Seeds ending in a Point.

The Species are;

. Guspewia Orientalis, acanthi
pron in foliis, floribus intenfe pur-
pureis, capite araneofa lanugine obfito,
Tourn. Cor. Eaftern Gundelia, with
a prickly Bears-breech-leaf, deep-

ce ™/.. SS > aS eel

<a ae

purple Flowers, and an Head wov en,

as it were, with a Cobweb.

2. GunpDELIA Orientalis, acanthi
aculeati folio, capite glabro. Tourn,
Cor. Eaftern Gundelia, with a
prickly Bears - breech - leaf, and a
{mooth Head.

The fecond Sort is figur’d and de-

{cribed in the fecond Volume of Dr, |

Tournefort’s Ttavels in the Levant.
It was difcoyered, as I faid, by Dr.
Gundelfchcimer near Baibout, in their
Journey to Armenia, growing in dry
ftony Places.

The fit Sort feems to be a Va-—

Tiety of the fecond, and was found ©
intermixed with it in the fameq

Places.

Thelg!

- Gi U : |
hefe Plants are propagated by

-

for they will not live long in a moift
ich Soil. When the Plants come
up, they muft be carefully cleared
from Weeds ; as they grow large,
hey fhould be thinned and trant-
planted out in warm Borders, leav-
ing the Plants, which are defigned to
emain, about two Feet afunder,
that they may have room to fpread.
After this there is no other Culture
required, but to keep them clear
from Weeds; and in two Years they
will produce their Flowers, when
they will make a fine Appearance
amongft other hardy Flowers in the
Pleafure-garden: but thefe Plants
rarely perfeét Secds in this Country,
which is the Cafe of feveral other
of the headed Plants; for if the
Seafon fhould prove mojft at the
time when the Plants are in Flower,
the Wet foaks into the Empalement
where the Embryoes of the Seed are
Jodged, which prevents their ripen-
ing, and caufes them to rot; fo that
the Seeds muft be procured from
Abroad. ’
Thefe Plants are apt to fhoot their
Roots very deep into the Ground,
which renders it very difficult to
‘traniplant them with Safety, efpe-
cially after they are grown to any

permit moit of the Plants to remain
in the Place where they were fown ;
and fuch of them as are removed,
fhould be tranfplanted the Autumn
following their coming up. If thefe
are fown upon a thallow Ground,
where there is a gravelly Bottom,
they will fucceed better than in a
yich deep Soil, where the Roots
frequently run fo deep into the
Ground, as to be rotted in Winter
by Moiiture, |

Size: therefore it will be proper to.

HE

Sechelt fecfrkeofedk afore

H &
AMANTHUS, Blood-

flower.

’ The Charaéers are;

The Empalement of the Flower is
large, compofed of fix oblong Leaves,
which grow in form of an Umbel,
agd do not fall off: the Flower is of °
one Leaf, which is cut into fix flender
Parts at the Top; but the Bottom is
tubulous and angular: ia the Centre
if each Flower is fituated the oblong
Pointal, attended by fix Stamina,
which are inferted at their Bafe into
the Petals of the Flower, but are
Stretched out much longer at the Top:
the Pointal afterward changes toa
roundife Berry, having three Cells,
each containing one triangular Seed.

The Speezes are;

1. Hamantuus /foliis lingue-
fornibus. Flor. Leyd. Blood-flower,
or African Tulip, vulgo.

z. Hamanruus folits lanceolatis.
Lin. Hort. Cliff. Blood-flower with
{pear-fhaped Leaves.

. Thefe Plants were brought from
the Cape of Good Hope to the curious
Gardens in Holland, where the firft
Sort has been long an Inhabitant.
This has been well figured in tome
of the old Heréals, and Books of
Flowers: in fome of thefe Books
it is called a Lily, in others Lilio-
narciffus, and Narciflus Indicus; and
by one Author Tulipa Promontorii
Bone Spei, 7. e. Tulip of the Cape
of Good Hope. Of this Sort the
Gardeners in Ho//and make two or
three Varieties, which they diftin-
guifh by the Shape of their bulbous
Roots; but they are not. diftin&
Species. ‘This Sort is only propa-
| gated

4
;

H At
gated by the Roots in Europe; for

it never produces any Seeds.” ‘The

Seafon. for. tranfplanting the Bulbs
is in Mvy or Fune, when the Leaves
are decayed, at which time they
may be kept out of the Eart). two
or three Months without Daniage;

tho’ the fooner they are tranfplanted. _

the ftronger the Roots will be, and
more likely to flower. The Soil
in which they muft be planted fhould
be one half frefh Earth from a
Pafture, and a fourth Part rotten
Dung, and the other Part Sea-fand;
thefe fhould be well mixed two or
three Months before ufed, that their
Parts may be better incorporated :
then you fhould put a few Stones in
the Bottom of each Pot, that the
Water may be the eafier drained of ;
and afterwards put the Earth into
the Pots, planting the Bulbs therein,

only fo deep as that their Upper-

parts may be juft covered: then
place the Pots in a fhady Situation,
giving them now-and-then a little
Water in very dry Weather; but
you muft obferve, never to let them
have too much Moifture, efpecially
at the time when they are deftitute
of Leaves: in this Situation they
may continue until the Latter-end

Of Auguff, when they muft be re-

moved to a warmer Place; for about
that Seafon they will begin to puth
out new Roots: but they may re-

_ main abroad until the Middle or

Latter-end of September, at which
time they fhould be removed into a
moderate Stove, where they muft

be carefully preferved, obferving
. frequently to refrefh ‘them with

Water; for now their Leaves will
appear, and will, in a fhort time,
grow toa large Size, if the Roots

- are fireng; but you muft not give

them too much Water at once, which
will endanger their rotting. ‘The
Stove. in which thefe Plants are

placed fhould be kept to near the
temperate Heat, as is mark’d o
the Botanical ‘Thermometers ; i
which they will thrive very well,
and if the Bulbs are ftrong, will
produce their beautiful Flowers lat
in Autumn, or in Winter, which
renders them very valuable, it beinga
time when few other Flowers appear,
Thefe Roots fhould not be tranf-
planted oftener than every other
Year: but the Earth in the Upper-
part of the Pots fhould be taken out
twice a Year, and fome frefh Eart
pat in, which will greatly ftrengthe
the Roots.
The Flowers of this Sort generall
come up before the green Leave
appear: but thefe Plants feldom
flower in Europe, nor do the Root
propagate much by Off-fets; for i
upward of twenty Years, which J
have had this Plant, it has produce
but one Off-fet, and has flowere
but twice in that time; nor do
find, that it flowers any better i
Holland: but they have either
Method of propagating the Roots,
by fplitting them, or they are-furs
nifhed with Seeds from abroad ; for
in fome Gardens they have plenty of
the Roots: but altho’ this Plant.
doth not often flower, yet, for the
Singularity of the Plant, it may
have a Place in the Stove; for im
Winter the green Leaves appear,
which are feldom more than two7
thefe are very long and broad, fhaped
like a Tongue, and are reflexec
backward. one on each Side, to th
Ground; fo that they fpread overt
the whole Surface of the Pots iz
which they grow, and have a dif
ferent Appearance from all t
Plants at preient known. a
The fecond Sort was brought fron
the Cape of Good Hope to the curiow
Garden of Mr. Beamont in Holland
but is now become preity common

eee es aa

‘moft of the curious Gardens in
urope. This Sort rifes up with a
‘em of one Foot in Height, which
covered with dark Spots like that
the Dragon; which occafioned:
r. Boerhaave to give it the Title of
racunculoides; but, upon examin-
ig the Characters of the Flower, it
as found to agree with thofe of
e Hzemanthos, to which it has
zen fince joined, by later Batanifts.
he Roots of this Sort are not bulb-
s, but run. out into many flefhy
g Tubers, fomewhat like thofe

pout one Foot high, from whence
né Leaves come out, embracing the
erbaceous Stalk, which are about
x Inches long, having a large Mid-
b, and are waved on their Edges :
ae Flowers grow upon ftrong Foot-
alks, which are produced from the
tems by the Side of the Leaves, and
e about one Foot and an half high,
apporting an Umbel of fine red
lowers, inclofed in ohe common
Wmpalement. ‘Thefe Flowers are
ften fucceeded by fine fcarlet Ber-
es, each having one Seed.

| It is propagated by Off-fets, which
nould be taken off in May, at which
me thefe Plants begin to lofe their
weaves; for they are ready to put
ut new Leaves in ‘Fu/y, and con-
hue growing all the Autumn and
Vinter; but toward the End of
lay the Leaves begin to decay ; at
hich time the Plants fhould be new-
otted ; and if they have any Off-
pts which are fufficiently rooted,
hey muft be taken off, and planted
p Pots filled with light rich Earth,
in tran{planting ofthefe Plants, there
uft be particular Care to lay fome
jtones and Rubbifh in the Bottom
}f the Pots to let the Moifture pafs
iff; for if the Wetis detained in the
fots, it will foon caufe the Roots

) perth, During the Seafon of.

the Spiderwort: the Stem rifes ~

H # |
their Ina&tivity, which is commonly
from the Eeginning of May to the
Beginning of uly, they muft not
have too much Water, left it rot
their Roots ; but when they are in
Vigour, they will require a little
more.

Thefe Plants muft be conftantly
kept in dry Stoves ; for they do not
thrive well, if they are fet abroad,
even in the warmeft Part of the
Summer; fo that it is much the
better Method to let them remain in
the Stove, with Euphorbiums, and
Other tender fucculent Plants, which
require a large Share of free Air in

warm Weather ; in which Situation _

they will thrive exceeding well, and
will annually produce their beauti-

ful Flowers, which make a fine Ap--

‘pearance among other rare Plants.
During the Winter-feafon they muft
be kept in a moderate Temperature
of Heat, and fhould be frequently
refrefhed with Water; but it mutt
not be given to them in large Quan-
tities, left it rot them. This Plant
is not conftant in the time of its
flowering, but the moft ufual Seafon
is in Fuly or Auguf?; but when it
flowers in the Spring, it frequently
perfects Seeds in this Country ;
which, if fown foon after they are
ripe, and preferved in the Stove till
Spring, and then placed in an Hot-
bed of Tanners Bark, will grow
very well; and by this Method a
mnch greater Increafe of the Plants
may be obtained in a Year or two,
than could be by Off-fets in many
Years.

HAMATOXYLUM, Logweod,
or Campechy Wood.

The Charafers are ;

The Empalement of the Flower con=

Sifts of one Leaf, which is cut into
Jfrve Parts: the Flower has five oval
Leaves, which fpread open, and are

larger than the Empalement: in the

Centre

H 7

Centre of the Flower is fituated the '

Pointal, attended by ten flender Sta-
ana, which are firetched out beyond
the Petals: the Pointal afterward
turns to a compreffcd Pod, which opens
both ways, and contains two or three
compreffed kiducy-/baped Seeds.

There is but one Species of this
Tree at prefent known, nor hath the
Plant been long intreduced into Exz-
rope; tho’ the Wood has been long
ufed in dyeing of Red and Scarlets;
and it is from this Wood affording
fuch Dyes, that Dr. Linneus has
given this Title to the Genus of
Hematoxylum, i. e. Bloodwood.
‘Thofe Authors who have mentioned
this Tree before him (which are but
few) have given it the Title of Cam-
pechy Wood, from its growing plen-
tifully m the Bay of Campechy: but
as itis found growing in many other
Places, that Name is very impro-
perly applied to ir.

HmatoxyLum foliis pennatis,
Joliolis ovato - cordatis. Logwood
with winged Leayes, whofe {mall
Lobes are of an oval Heart-fhape.

This Tree, in the natyral Places
ef its Growth, is from fixteen to
twenty-four Feet jin Height: the
Stems generally are very crooked
and deformed; the Branches alfo
come out very ftraggling and irregu-
lar, and are feldom well cloathed
with Leaves, fo that it makes but
_ an indifferent Appearance: bat the

Wood is of great Service in dyeing
of Reds, Scarlets, and fome other
-Colours; without which it will be
_ very difficult to dye fome of thefe
Colours. This'Tree growing plen-
tifully in the Bays of Campechy and
Honduras, which Places are in the
Poffeflion of the Spaziards, who pre-
tend to have a Right of excluding
all other Nations from cutting of
_ this Wood, has occafioned many
Differences between them and the

Year; and, while the Plants are

other Powers of Eurcpe; but pars)
ticularly with the Exg//J, who claim ©
a Privilege, granted to them by an-)
tient Treaties, of cutting this Woo
in both thofe Places: but it is to
be hoped, that the Exg/i/b maybe)
fupplied with this Commodity from)
their own Settlements in Americas)
where it grows as well, as in either)
of thofe Bays; fo that it muft be
wholly afcribed to the Indolence of
the Inhabitants of the Britis Colo-)
nies, in not cultivating thefe Trees.
in the Swamps, which will produce
little elfe, if there is not enough of
this Wood, to fupply the Engl
Cenfumption ; for thefe Trees will
grow large enough for Ufe, in tei
or twelve Years from the Seed: and
it is to be obferved, that where any)
of thefe Trees have beer planted in»
the Briti/ Iflands, they have in @
few Years produced Seeds, which
have {cattered, and filled the neigh-
bouring Ground with young Plants,
which have grown extremely well
without any Care: fo that if a few:
Trees were planted upon all the
waite fwampy Grounds ip the Iflands,
and protected from being over-run
with other Plants, they would, in 4
few Years, {pread over theje Swamps,
and a fufficient Stock of the Wood
would be produced: but I fear the
Planters have little Curiofity to try
thefe Experiments, and nothing but
the Culture of Sugar will take Place
among them. ’
This Plant is preferved in fome
curious Gardens in England, for the
fake of Variety. The Seeds are
frequently brought from America,
which, if frefh, do readily grow
when fown upon a good Hot-bed:
and if the Plants are kept in a mo-
derate Hot-bed, they will grow to
be upward of a Foot high the fame

young,.they are generally well fur-
| | nifhec

HA

ifhed with Leaves; but afterward
e Plants make but little Progrefs,
are frequently but thinly cloathed
ith them, Thefe Plants are very
ender; fo fhould be conftantly kept
in the Bark-itove; where if they are
uly watered, and the Stove kept
in a good Degree of Heat, the Plants
may be preferved very well. There
are fome of thefe Plants now in Eng-
land, which are upward of fix Feet
high, and as thriving as thofe in
their native Soil.

HALICACABUM. Vide Alke-
kengi.

HALICACABUS PEREGRI-
NA. Vide Corindum.

HALIMUS. Vide Atriplex.

HALLERIA, African Fly Ho-
neyfuckle, vulgo. —

This Plant was fo named by Dr.
Linnzus, in Honour to Albertus Hal-
fer,-Profeffor of Botany at Gottingen.

The Chara@ers are ;

The Empalement of the Flower is
of one Leaf, which is cut into three
Segments, the upper one being much
broader than either of the other: the
Flower confifts of one Leaf, and is in
Shape like the Snap-dragon, having a
Tube, and the Upper-part joined, and
reflexed, and at the Brimis divided
into four Parts: in the Centre of the

Flower is fituated the Pointal, at-
tended by four Stamina, tavo of which
are longer than the other: the Pointal
ett changes to a round Berry

aving two Cells, cach having one
Seed. /

We have but one Species of this
Plant in Exgland; which is,

Harveria foliis ovatis lengitudi-
naliter ferratis. Flor. Leyd. African
Fly Honeyfuckle, with oval Leaves

_ fawed the whole Length.

‘Fhe Englifo Name which I have
here added, has been given to this
Plant by fome Gardeners, who ob-
ferved that the Shape of the Flower

HA

had fome Refemblance to that of the
Upright or Fly Honeyfuckle, and,
for want of an Engl Name, gave
this to it; or they might take it
from the Latin Name, by which it
was called by Dr. Boerhaave, who
made it a Species of Honeyfuckle.

This Plant grows to the Height
of fix or eight Feet, having a woody
Stem, which is well furnifhed with
Branches: thefe have oval fawed
Leaves, which are placed oppofite
by Pairs, and continue green thro’
the Year: the Flowers come out
fingly, and are of a red Colour;
but, being intermixed with the
Leaves, make but {mall Appearance:
yet as the Leaves are green in Win-
ter, the Plants make a Variety in
the Green-houfe during that Seafon.

It may be propagated by Cut-
tings, which, if planted in Pots °
filled with light Earth in the Spring,
and plunged into a gentle Hot-bed,
will toon take Root. ‘Ihefe Plants
may be expoied in Summer, and
will require Plenty of Water: in
Winter they muft be houfed with
Myrtles, and other hardy Exotic
Plants.

HAMAMELIS,
vulgo.

The Charafers are;

The Empalement of the Flower is
of one Leaf, which is cut into four
Sezments to the Bottom: the Flower
confijfts of one Leaf, which is cut inte
Jour narrow Segments to the Bottom, -
and turn backward: the Pointal is
Situated in the Centre of the Flower,
which is hairy, and is attended by
four Stamina: the Poiutal afterward
changes to a-Capfule or Hufk, having
two Cells, each containing one oblong
Smooth fhining Sced.

There is but one Species of this
Plant; which is,

Hamametis coryi folii:. Witch.
hazel,

Witch - hazel,

This

ee a”

aie

eo Smee - =

a

_

HA

‘This Shrub grows plentifully in

; ‘Vi irginia, Maryland, and Carolina,

from whence I have frequently re-
ceived the Seeds, with this Name of

Witch-hazel ; which I fuppofe has

been given to it, from the Refem-
blance which the Leaves of this Plant
have to thofe of the Hazel tree.
This was difcovered by Mr. Baniffer
in Virginia, and fent to Dr. Pluse-
met, who has figured it with the
Title of Pifachia Virginiana nigra,
coryli foliis, i. e. the black Virginia
Piftachia-nut, with Hazel - leaves:

but it is of late Years this Shrub
has been introduced into the Exgijh

Gardens, where it thrives very well

in the open Air; but with us it is

a low Shrub, feldom rifing above
three Feet high, fhooting out many
lateral Branches on every Side, which
grow horizontally, fpreading near
the Surface of the Ground. The
Leaves are in Shape like thofe of
the Hazel, having many deep Fur-
rows, and are blunt at their Ends.
The Flowers appear late in Autumn,
after the Leaves are fallen: thefe
grow in {mall Clufters, and are of
a yellowifh Colour, but fall away
without producing Seed.

This is propagated by laying down
the young Branches in Autumn,
which will take Root in one Year,
provided they are duly watered in
dry Weather: but moft of the Plants

* which are in the Gardens, have been

produced from Seeds which came
from America. ‘'Thefe Seeds always
remain a whole Year in the Ground;

fo they fhould be fown in Pots, which
may be plunged into the Ground in.

a fhady Part of the Garden, where
they may remain all the Summer,

- and require no other Care but to

keep the Pots clean from Weeds,
and in very dry Weather:.to water
them now-and-then: in Autumn the
Pots may be removed to a warmer

HA
Situation, and plunged into thi

Ground under a warm Hedge; aid
if the Winter fhould prove ver

Covering thrown over the Pots
which will fecure the Seeds from be.
ing deltroyed. In the Spring th
Plants will come up; therefore a
the Seafon grows warm, the Pot
may be removed where they maj
have the morning Sun till Elever
o’Clock; and if they are duly wa
tered in dry Weather, the Plant
will have made good Progrefs by
Autumn; when they fhould be tranfé
planted, either into fmall Pots, oF
into a Nurfery-bed ; where in one,
or at moft two Years time, they
will be ftrong enough to plant where
they are defigned to grow. F:
HARMALA, Wild Syrian Rue.*
‘The Cherie are; f
The Leaves’ are produced alters
nately on the Branches: the Flower
confifis of five Leaves, which expand
in form of a Rofe: the Ovary arife £
from the Bottom of the Calyx, and
Lecomés a roundife Fruit, divided int :
three Cells.
There is but one Species of this
Plant at prefent known+4 which is, —
Harmata.. Dodi ~ Harmel, of
Wild Rue
This Plant is propagated by fowl
ing the Seeds in the Spring, upon a
moderate Hot-bed, or on a Border’
of light Earth ; and when the Plants.
come up, they fhould be tranfplanted |
into a Border of good light ve
at the Diftance of fix Inches fror
each other, where they may rem;
until the fucceeding Spring, whe cn
they may be removed to the Places
where they are to continue. The
fecond Summer after fowing they
generally produce Flowers, and, if
the Autumn proves favourable, will
perfect their Seeds. The Branches |
die. to the Stump or Head every
Antumny

x |

oP paca “es sh--s Se f es
ee 2

Autumn, and frefh are produced in
the Spring.

This Plant is mentioned in the
‘Catalogue of Simples annexed to
‘the College Difpenfatory, _as a Medi-
cinal Plant ; but it is rarely ufed in
England: nor is it a Plant of any
great Beauty; fo that it is rarely
preferved in Gardens, but for the
fake of Variety.

HAWTHORN. Vide Mefpilus.

HAZEL. Vide Corylus.

_HEDERA, The Ivy-tree.
The Charaers are;

It is a parafitic Plant, fending
forth Roots or Fibres from its Fioactts,
by which it is faftened to either Trees,
Walls, or Pales, which are near it ;
and from thence receives a great Share
of its Nourifoment: the Leaves are
angular: the Flowers, for the moft
part, confift of fix Leaves, and are
Succeeded by round black Berries,
which grow in round Bunches, each
of which, for the moft part, contains
Sour Seeds.

The Species are;

1. Hepera arboreawC B. Com-
mon Ivy.

2. Hevera arborea, faliis cymis
flavefcentibus. Common Ivy, with
the Leaves upon the Upper-part of
‘the Shoots of a pale-yellow Co-
jour.

3. HEeDERA communis minor, foliis
ex albo &§ wiridi variis. Boerh. Ind.
at. The filver-triped Ivy.

_ 4. Hepera communts minor, foliis
ex liteo variegatis. Phe yellow
variegated Ivy.

The firt of thefe Plants is very
common in moft Parts of Exg/and,
growing fometimes very large, and
forming a fort of Trees, and at other
times fattening itfelf to whatever
Tree, Wall, or Pale, it ftands near,
where it appears like a trailing
Plant ; which has occafioned mott
Botanic Writers to mention them as

6 |

two diftin& Plants, whereas in reality -

they are the fame, their Difference
being occafioned ‘by their different
Situations; as may be often ob-
ferved, when the upper Branches of
thefe trailing Plants get above the
Trees or Walls to which they are
faftened ; then they grow more
woody, and form large Heads pro-
ducing ‘Fruit; whereas that Part
which is below, never makes any

Effort ‘to produce either Flowers or —

Fruit.

Thefe Plants are eafily ee
gated by their trailing Branches,
which fend forth Roots at every
Joint; which Branches, being cut
off, and planted, will grow in almoft
any Soil or Situation, and may be
trained up to Stems, or fuffered to
remain Climbers, to cover Walls,
Pales, &¥c.

They may alfo be propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown foon
after they are ripe: but they very
often remain oneYear in the Ground
before they appear; which being a
tedious Method, moft People make

ufe of the former, which is very ex-

peditious and certain.
The fecond Sort is a-Variety of

the firft, from which at differs in :

having the Leaves upon the Upper-
part of the Branches, of a pale-
yellow Colour: this is propagated
in the fame manner as the former,
and may be preferved for the fake
of Variety.

The third and fourth Sorts are
very beautiful Plants, and are often
planted againft Walls or Buildings,
where they adhere to the Bricks,

and grow {fo clofe as to hide them.

from the Sight: thefe alfo may be
trained up to regular Stems and
Heads, and are increafed as the for-
mer Sorts.

HEDERA TERRESTRIS. Vide
Glechoma.

* HEDY-

ery -aet at ts oe

| maximo.

HE

HEDYPNOIS, Trailing crook-
ed-feeded Hawkweed.

The Chara@ers are;

The Cup of the Flower is like a
Striated Column, or a Melon: the lit-
tle Leaves of the Flower-cup, when
the Flower is fallen off, embrace ¢ach
of them one fingle umbilicated Seed ;
but in the Middle of the littl Head
are other naked Seeds, which form
an Head.

The Species are ;

1. Hepypnois, annua. Tourn,
Trailing crooked-féededHawkweed,
or common Hedy pnois.

2. Hepyrnois minor Cretica an-
nua. Tourn. Cor. Annual Hedypnois
from Crete.

3. Hepypnois annua, capite
Boerh. Ind. Annual He-
dypnois, with a large Head.

Thefe Plants are feldom propa-
gated, except in Botanic Gardens,
for the fake of Variety, as being
Plants of no great Beauty or Ufe.
‘The firft and third Species are found
wild in the Southern Parts-of France,
in Spain, and Italy; but the fecond
Sort was brought from Crete by
Monfieur Tournefort. Thefe may all

- be propagated by fowing their Seeds
’ toward the latter End of March, or

the Beginning of 4pri/, in an open
Situation, and a dry Soil, where they
may remain to flower and feed; for

_ they carenot to be tranfplanted. The

Diftance which thefe Piants fhould
be allowed, muft not be lefs than a
Foot; and if the Soil be good, a

_ Foot and an half afunder will be full
_ little enough ; for they are very apt

to fpread toa great Diftance; and
their Branches trailing upon the
Ground, would occafion their rot-

- ting, were they to ftand too clofe to-

gether. Thefe Plants produce their
Flowers in Funeand Fuly; and their
Seeds are perfected in Augu/f, when

ie aay

they fhould be gathered, and

ferved for the fuceeding Year,

HEDYSARUM, French Honey
fuckle.

The Charaéers are;

It bath papilionaceous Flowers
which are collected into an Head
Spike: the Pointal of the Flower
rifing out of the Empalement, become
jointed undulated Pod; in each «
whith Foirts is lodged a kidney-/oape
Seed. )

The Species are ;

. HepysarumM clypegtum, fi
feacleat rubente. H. Eyft. French
Honeyfuckle, with a delicate red
Flower. q

2. Hepysarum clypeatum, flore
albido. Tourn. French Honeyfuckle,
with a whitith Flower. |

3. HepysaruM clypeatum mints,
flore purpureo. Rati Hift. ‘ Smallet
French Honeyfuckle, with a purple
Flower.

4. Hepysarum triphyllum Canas
denfe. Cornut. Three-leav’d Canad@
French Honeyfuckle. i

5. Hepysarum annuum, filiqua
afpera undulata intorta. Tourn. An
nual French Honeyfuckle, with a
rough waved and wreathed Pod. ~

6. Hepysarum Alpinum, filiqua
havi, fore purpuro-ceruleo. Tourn,
Alpine French Honeyfuckle, with a
{mooth Pod, and a blue purple
Flower. i

7. HEpYsaRuM Alpinum, fliquah
levi, flore albido. Tourn. Alpine
French Honeyfackle, with a {mooth
Pod, and a white Flower. :

- 8. Hepysarum minus diphyllam,
fisre luteo. Sloan. Cat. Smaller twos
leav’d French Honeyfuckle, with 2
yellow Flower. ;

g. Hepysarum ¢triphyllum frati-
cofum, flore purpureo, filigua varie
diftorta. Sloan. Cat. Three-leav’d
fhrubby-Frexch Honeyfuckle, wil

a bas

S

HE |
a purple Flower, and a varioufly
difiorted Pod.
10. HepysarumM friphyllum fru-
ticofum minus. Sloax, Cat. Smaller
three leav’d French fhrubby Honey-
fackle. .
11. Hepysarum ¢riphy/lum fru-
ticofum Jupinum, fiore purpureo. § loan.
Cat. 'Three-leav’d fhrubby dwarf
French Honeyfuckle, with a purple
Flower.
12. HEDYSARUM annuum mozus
Zeylanicum, mimofe foliis. Tourn.
e greater annual French Honey-
fuckle of Zeylon, with Leaves like
he fenfitive Plant. |
13. HEDYSARUM annuum minus
eylanicum, mimofe foliis. Tourn.
e leffer annual French Honey-
uckle of Zeyloz, with Leaves like
efenfitive Plant. ~
14. Hepysarum arborefcens, /o-
tis mimofe. Plum. Cat. Shrubby
rench Honcyfuckle, with Leaves
ike the fenfitive Plant.
15. Hepysarum caule birfuto,
imofe foliis alatis, pinits acutis mi-
imis graminets. Sloan.Cat. French
oneyfuckle with an hairy Stalk,
inged Leaves like the {enfitive
lant, and fmalleit pointed grafs-
ike Wings.
26. HEDYSARUM minimum pro-
mbens, foliis pinnatis fubrotundis,
re luteo. Houfi. Smaller trailing
rench Honeyfuckle, with roundith
inged Leaves,and a yellow Flower.
17. Hepysarum triphylla fru-
cens, foliis fubrotundis §F fubtus fe-
iceis, fore purpureo. Houft. Three-
av’d fhrubby Freach Honeyfuckle,
ith roundifh Leaves, which are
lky underneath, ‘and a purple
lower." arige et |
18. Hepysarum ¢riphyllum bu-
ile, flore couglomerato, calyce vile
fo. Houft. Dwarf three-leav’d

You, i

é

- Honeyfackle,

nch Woneyfuckle, with Flowers -

ve

“growing in Clafters, and an hairy

Cup. | .

_19. Hepysarum triphy/lum pre-
cumbens, foliis rotundioribus {5 mino-
ribus, filiquis tenuibus, EP intertis.
Houft. ‘Trailing three-leav’d French
with fmaller and
rounder Leaves, and narrow intort-
ed Pods, |

20. Hepysarum friphyllum, caule
triangulari, foliis mutronatis, fliquis
tenuibus intortis. Houft. Three-leav'd
French Honeyfuckle, with a wiangu-
Jar Stalk, pointed Leaves, and a
narrow intorted Pod.

21. Hepysarum ¢triphyllam an-
nuum evedium, fil:quis intortis, &F
ad extremitatem amplioribus. Hoxft.
Three-leav'd annual upright Freeeh
Honeyfuckle, with intorted Peds,
which are broad at their Extremity. |

12. Hepysarum éripbhyllum Ameo
ricanum feandens, flore purpurea.
Three-leav'’d climbing. American
French Honeyfackle, with a purple
Flower.

The two firft Species are very
common in Exglazd, being propa-
gated by the Gardeners near London,
who fupply the Markets with Plants
and Flowers in the Spring of the
Year. a

, They are propagated by fowing
their Seeds in 4pr7/, in a Bed of light
frefh Earth; and when the. Plants.
come up, .they should be tranfplant-
ed into ather Beds of the like Earth,
and in an open Situation, at about
fix or eight Inches Diftance from
each other, leaving a Path between
every four Rows, to go between .

them to hoe, and clear them fram

Weeds: in thefe Beds they may ree,
main until Michaclnas; and then.
they may be tranfplanted inte the
large Borders of a Parterre or Plea-
fure-garden, allowing them at leagk
two Feet Difiance ftom other Plants, .

Qg among t

HE

amongft which they fhould be inter-
fperfed, to continue the Succeflion
of Flowers; where they will make
a fine Appearance when blown,
efpecially the red Sort, which pro-
duces very handfome Flowers.

Thefe are tolerably hardy, and
are feldom hurt but by extreme Cold,
_ or great Rains. Mortture, e{pecially
in the Winter-feafon, is very apt
to rot their Roots; therefore they
fhould be planted in a dry Soil, and
in a Warm Situation; and in the
Spring they may be removed to the
Borders ; where if they are much
expofed, or the Soil moift,
fhould not be tranfplanted ti!] March,
jutt before they begin to thoot out
their Fiower-ftems: but then they
will not produce their Fiowers fo
ftrong as thofe which are planted in
Autumn.

- In order to have a Succeflion of
thefe Plants, their Seeds fhould be
fown every Spring; for the ald
Roots feldom continue long after
they have flowered ; and when they
do remain, their Flowers are feldom
fo ftrong as from young Roots. ‘I heir

Seafon of flowering is in Zune and.

July, and their Seeds are perfegted
in Augu/?.and § September.

The third Sort is preferved in
fome Gardens for Variety ; but the
Flowers are not near fo fair as thofe
of the two former: this requires the

‘fame Management as is directed for
them.

The fourth Sort hath a perennial
Root, which will abide many Years,
af planted in a dry Soil. This is

' propagated by fowing the Seeds in
the manner directed for the former :
but when the Plants are come up
two Inches high, they fhould be
tranfplanted where they are to re-
main for good; for if they are not
too tiick in the Seed-bed, they may
be iu‘fered to remain there until the

they -

HE

March following; at which time —
they fhould be carefully taken up,
and tranfplanted into the Borders
where they are defigned to ftand; for
their Roots generally run down very _
deep, fo that it is not fafe to remove *
them often. This Plant produces i its —
Fiowers about the fame time of the —
Year as the former, and perfects its ©
Seeds in Autumn; and the Roots
will abide in the open Air very well,
refitting the fevereft Cold, provided
they are planted in a dry Soil.

The fifth, fixth, and feventh Sorts ~
are very hardy Plants ; fo will live ©
in the open Air in this Country.
Thefeare propagated by Seeds,which —
mutt be fown in March, in a Bed or
Border of light Earth, in the Place
wicre they are defigned to remain; 7
becauie as they fhaot their Roots ©
deep into the Earth, they do not
well bear tranfplanting. The Plants, §
as they advance in their Growth,
fhou!d be thinned where they are too ©
clofe ; leaving thofe which are de-—
figned for Flowering, about a Foot ©
or eighteen Inches apart. In dry ©
Weather they wiil require fomeWa-.
ter; and to keep them clear from —
Weeds, is all the Culture they want. ©
In uly they will flower, and, if the 7
Autumr proves favourable, they will 7
perfect their Seeds in Snireges :

The eighth, ninth, tenth, and @
eleventh Sorts were difcovered by ©
Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. 10 Jamaica 3
from whence the Seeds have been ~
{ent into England, and have fucceed-_
ed in feveral curious Gardens. Thefe _
are all of them annual Plants, not-
withftanding fome of them grow —
fhrubby, and will rife to the Height
of eight or nine Fee.; for they pe-
rifh as foon as they have ripened
their Seeds in the Country of their i
natural Growth. .|

The twelfth and thirteeath Sorte |
were brought from Ceylon, by the

learned —

HE

learned Botanift, Dr. Herman, to the

Phyfic-garden at Leyden; but they

are not peculiar to that Country ;

for I have received Seeds of both
thefe Sorts from feveral. Parts of

America, which have flourifhed in

the Phyfic-garden at Che//ca.
The fourteenth Sort was difcover-
ed by Father P/umier, in fome of the
French Settlements in America. The
Seeds of this Sort were fent me from
Campechy, by the late Dr. William
Houfioun.
The fixteenth, feventeenth, eight-
teenth, nineteenth, twentieth, and
-twenty-firft Sorts were difcovered by

the late Dr. William Houftoun at
La Vera Crux, Jamaica, Campechy,
and Carthagena; from which Places
he fent the Seeds and Specimens
into Exgland. The twenty-fecond
Sort I received from South-Caroliza,
which grew in the Phyfic-garden at
Chelfea.

'Thefe are moft of them annual
Plants ; and as they are Natives of
warm Countries, require to be ten-
erly managed, to have them thrive
in this Country. The Seeds of thefe
lants fhould be fown on an Hot-
d the Beginning of March; and
hen the Plants are about two Inches
igh, they mult be carefully tranf-
lanted each into a feparate {mall
ot filled with light rich Earth, and
hen plunged into an Hot-bed of
anners Bark, being careful to fhade
hem from the Sun until they have
aken Root; after which time they
uf have frefh Air admitted to them
very Day, in proportion to the
eat of the Weather: they muf
fo be frequently refrefhed with
ater, which will greatly promote
eir Growth: and as thoie Sorts
hich grow upright, rife to touch
1€ Glaffes of the Hot-bed, they
ould be removed into the Bark-

‘capa S

HE

-bed in the Stove; or into a Glaf-
cafe, where they may have room to
grow. If thefe Plants are brought
forward early in the Spring, they
will begin to flower by the Begin-
ning of Fuly, and then they will
have time to ripen their Seeds before
Winter ; for if they are backward
in flowering, they feldom perfect
their Seed in this Country.

The twelfth Sort rarely perfeéts
Seed in England; for it generally
grows to be five or fix Feet high,
and is always late before it flowers ;
but the thirteenth Sort will produce
good Seeds every Year, if rightly
managed.

The feventeenth, eighteenth, and
twenty-fecond Sorts will abide two
Years, provided they are placed in
a warm Stove in Winter; and thefe
Plants, when they are kept through
the Winter, will flower early the
following Summer, fo that good
Seeds may be obtained from them.

All thefe Plants afford an agree-
able Variety in the Stove amongft -
other Exotic Plants in Autumn, when
they are in Flower; fo that they are
preferved by thofe who are curious
in Botany. : |

HELENIA, Baflard Elecampane,
or Willow-leav’d Sunflower.

The CharaGers are ;

It hath acompeund radiated Floaver,
confifting of many Florets, which are
Hermaphrodite, and of Semiffiorets,
which are Female: the Ovaries fiand
on a naked Placenta, each bearing an
antient Crown: all tbefe Parts are
intluded in a fimple Empalement, which

_ expands, and is cut almoj? to the Bote

tom in feveral Parts. Age
The Title of this Genus has been
altered by Dr. Linnezus from Helenie
effrum, which was given to it by
Monfieur Vaitlant, Profeffor of Bo-
tany at Paris..
The

if
i
-
hi :

HE

The Species are ;

».Heventia foliis iinearibus decur-

rentibus. Baftard Elecampane, with
a longer and narrower running Leaf.

2. Hevenia foliis lanceolatis de-
currentibus. Baftard Elecampane,
with.a broader and fhorter running
Leaf.

Thefe Plants are both of them
Natives of America: the Seeds of
both Sorts I have received from Vir-
ginia and New-England, where they
gtow wild in great Plenty in the
Woods, and other fhady Places,
where the Ground is moift. They
may be propagated by Seeds, or by
parting their Roots; but the latter
is generally practifed in this Coun-
try, becaufe they feldom perfect
their Seeds here; but if Seeds. are
procured from abroad, they fhould
be fown the Beginning of March on
a warm Border of light Earth: and
if the Seeds fhould not come up the
firft Year, the Ground fhould not be
difturbed ; becaufe they often re-
main a whole Year under-ground,
before the Plants appear: in which
Cafe there is nothing more to be
done, but to keep the Greund clear
fromWeeds, and wait till the Plants

’ come up. When they appear, if the

Seafon proves dry, they muff be
often watered, which will greatly
forward their Growth; and where
the Plants come up too clofe to each
other, they fhould be thinned, and
tranfplanted ovt into Beds a Foot
afunder every Way ; being careful
to fhade them until they have taken

‘Root, as alfo to water them in dry,

Weather. In the Autumn they will
produce their Flowers, which will

continue till the Froft prevents them ;

and their Roots will abide many
Years, and afford many Off-fets, by
which they may be increated.

The beft Seafou to tranfplant the
old Roots, and to part them for In-

every large Garden, ‘Their Flowers |

| H,E

creafe, is in OGober, or the Begin-.
ning of March, juft before they be- .
gin to fheot; but if the Spring fhould
prove dry, they muft be duly water-
ed, otherwife they will not produce
many Flowers the fame Year. Thefe
Plants fhould not be removed oftener
than every other Year; for as they
do not {pread their Roots very wide,
they will very well continue two
Years within due Compafs. They
delight in a Soil rather moift than
dry, provided it be not too ftrong,.
or hold the Wet in Winter: but if’
they are planted in a dry Soil, they
mutt be often and plentifully water-
ed in dry Weather, to make them
produce plenty of Flowers.

Thefe Plants generally rife about
three Feet and an half, or four Feet —
high; therefore fhould be planted in
the Middle of large Borders, inter-
mixed with Flowers of the fame
Growth, where they will make a _
pretty Variety, becaufe they con- *
tinue a long ume in Flower: and as
they require very little Care to cul- —
tivate them, they deferve a Place in ©

~

1
refemble thofe of ‘the {maller Kinds”
of Sunflower, and have been by .
fome Botanifts ranged in that Genus. 7
The time of their Flowering is from
July until the Froft ftops them.
TELENIUM, Elecampane.
The Charzéfers are; ;
Tt hath a radiated Floaver, whofe '
Florets are Hermaphrodite, but the Se- F
mifforets are Female; both thefe are
yellow; the Ovaries, which refi on
a naked Placenta, are crowned with”
Down: all thefe Parts are included ©
ina fealy Cup: to thefe Notes may
be added, The Leaves growing alter=~
nately on the Stalks, and the Flowers”
grow on the Top of the Branches,
The Species ares #
1. Hevenium vulgare. C. B. Pe
Common Elecampane, -

2. Hews |

‘4

HE

2. Hevenium «vis va pafloris folio,
fubtus incano & tomentofo. Vaill.
Mem. Yellow Starwort, with a wild
Teafel-leaf, which is hoary and
woolly underneath. .

3. Hecenium wtllofum, conyze
Solio, magzo fore. Vaill. Mim. Yel-
low hairy Starwort, with a Flea-
Dane-leaf, and a large Flower.

4. Hevenium conyze folio, pre-
grandi fore, calyce pilofiffime. Vaill.
Mem. Yellow Starwort, with a
Fleabane-leaf, and a larger Flower,
with a very hairy Cup.

5. Hevenium Creticum, conjyze
folio, afphodeli radice. Vaill. Mem.
Yellow Starwort of Crete, with a
Fleabane-leaf, and an G dsl
root.

6. Herenium palufre, folio i
giori lanuginofo. Vaill. Mem. Marth
yellow Starwort, with a longer
woolly Leaf.,

7. HELENIUM conyze folio lanu-

ginofo, radice odora. Vaill. Mem.
Yellow Starwort, with a woolly
Fleabane leaf, and a fweet-fmelling
Roct. .
8. Herenitum paluffre vilbfum
_ edoratum, conyze folio, Vaill. Mem.
Hairy marfh iweet-fmelling Siar-
wort, with a Fleabane-Jeaf.

9. Herenrum montanum villofum
- anguftifolium, fore magno fingulari.
Vaill. Mem. Hairy mountain yel-

> low Starwort, with a narrow Leaf, -

and a large fingle Flower.

10. Herenium /aauginofum an-
| guftifolium, fummocaule ramofo. Vaill.
Mem. Woolly yellow Starwort, with
a narrow Leaf, and branching at the
Top of the Stalks.

11. HEevenium pratenfe autum-
nale, conyxa foliis caulem.amplexan-
tibus. Vaill. Meadow yellow Star-
wort of the Autumn, with Fleabane-
leaves encompafiing the Stalks, com-
monly called Conyza media.

iz. Herenrum birfutum, falicis

HE

folio, Vaill. Mem. Hairy yellow
Starwort, with a Willow-leaf.

13. HELENIUM montanum, falicas
Solio fubius incano, Veaill. Mem.
Mountain yellow Starwort, with a.
Willow-leaf, which is hoary under-
neath. *

14. Hevenium /falicis folio gla-
bro. Vaill. Mem. Yellow Starwort,
with a {mooth Willow-leaf.

1s. Herenium /fpiree folio.
Vaill. Mem. Yellow Starwort, with
a Spirea-leaf.

16. Hevenrum glabrum, myrti
lato, ferrato, cufpidatoque folio. Vaill.
Mem. Smooth yellow Starwort, with
a broad, fawed, and pointed Myr-
tle-leaf.

17. Hevenium ciffi folio non cre-
nato, magno fiore. Vaill, Mem.
Yellow Starwort, with a Ciltus-leaf,
and a large Flower.

18. Hevenitum Janugincfum, pi-

lofelle foliis. Vaill. Mem. Woolly
yellow sStarwart, with Monufe-ear-
leaves.

1g. HeLenium paluftre fubbirfu-
tum, foliis calthe.. Vaill. Mem.
Marfh roughifh yellow Starwort,
with Marigold-leaves. -

20. Hevenium falicis folio, flo-
ribus parvis, fere umbcllatis. Vail.
Mem> Yellow Starwort with a
Willow-leaf, and {nell Flowers
growing almoft in an Umbel.

21. He eR palufire anauumt,
foliis crifpis. Vaill. Annual marhh
yellow Starwort, with curled Leaves,
commonly called Marth Fieabane.

22. Hevenium pa/ufire annuum,
hyfopi folits crifpis. Vaill. Mem.
Marth annual yellow Starwort, with’
curled Hyflop-leaves.

23. HELEnNtum ramofum, cauli-
culis fparfis, calthe arwenfis folio.
fuses Mem. Branching yellow Star-
wort, with fparfe Stalks, and a Field-
bab eb leaf.e-. =

24. Herenium £gyptiacum to-

Qq 3 mentofiutis

- ga ten vie le

> by Seeds,
— moilt Bed of light Earth fcon after
_ they are ripe; for if they are kept

HE

anentofurm &F incanum, bellidis, fo-
lits crifpis. D. Lippi. Hoary woolly
Egyptian yellow Starwort, with curl-
ed Daify-leaves.

25. Herenium Zgyptiacum to-
mentofum €F incanum, polii folio. D.
Litpi. Hoary woolly Egyptian yel-
low Starwort, with a Mountain-
poley-leaf.

26. Herentum Jellidis, foliis
amplis, afphodeli radice. Vaill. Mem,
Yellow Starwort, with large Daify-
leaves, and an Afphodel-root.

27. He,entum perenne glabrum

by vpifolium. Faill. Mem. Smooth
perennial yellow Starwort, with an
Hyffop leaf.

28. Herenium perenne glabrum,
folio crafe in fummo tricu/pidato.
Faill. Mem, Smooth perennial yel-
low Starwort, with a thick three-

_ pointed Leaf.

29. HELENIUM rori/marini craffis,
obiufis, confertifque foliis. Vaill.
Mem. Yellow Starwort, with thick
blunt Leaves growing in Clufters,
commonly called Golden Samphire.

30. Herenium faxatile, hyffopi
folio villofaS glutinofo. Vail!. Mem.
Rock yellow Starwort, with an
hairy clammy Hyflop- ‘leaf.

The firft Sort is the true Elecam-
pane, which is ufed in Medicine; it
grows wild in moift Fields and Mea-
dows in feveral Parts of Exgland,
and is pretty much cultivated in
Gardens near London, to furnith the
Shops with the Roots; which is the
only Part of the Plant in Ule.

This Sort may be propagated by
Seeds, or from {mall Off-fets, which
are furnifhed with Buds on their
Tops. If you would propagate it
they fhould be fown ona

long out of the Ground, they will

not fucceed.. Thefe Seeds generally
remain in the Ground until the fol-

HE

lowing Spring, when the Plants will —

begin to appear: at which time they
mutt be carefully weeded, and if the

Seafon fhould prove dry, they muft —

be frequently watered; which will
greatly promote their Growth.” In
this Bed the Plants fhould remain till
Michaelmas following; being care-

ful to keep them conftantly clear ©

from Weeds during. the Summer-
feafon. Then you fhould prepare a

Spot of Ground in proportion to ~

the Number of Plants you have to
tran{fplant; which fhould be well
‘digged, and cleanfed from the Roots
of all noxious Weeds; then you
muft carefully fork up the Roots of
the feedling Plants, fo as not to break
them ; and witha Dibble they fhould
be planted in Rows about a Foot
afunder, and nine Inches Diftance in
the Rows.
Roots, you muft obferve to make
the Holes deep enough to receive
them without being bent or broken,
fo that the Crown of the Roots may
be juft under the Surface of the
Ground; then clofe the Earth gently
about them with your Feet. When
the Plantation is finifhed, there will
be no farther Care required until the
Spring, when the Plants begin to

fhoot ; at which time the Ground |

fhould be carefully hoed to clear it
from Weeds; which Work mnuft be
repeated three or four times in the
Spring, but always in dry Weather ;
which will intirely deftroy theWeeds,
if it be carefully performed; and
when the Elecampane-plants have
acquiredStrength, they will keep the
Weeds under; becaufe their Leaves,
being large, will fpread, and cover
the Ground. If the Ground is good
in which the Plants are placed, the
Roots will be large enough to take
up the Michackmas following + bat
if the Ground is very poor, or too
dry, they fhould remain two Years

nites ;

In the planting thefe q

HE
after planting. before they are taken
up for Ufe. Note, Thefe Roots
fhould not be taken up till the Leaves
are decayed.

If you intend to propagate this
Plant by Off-fets, you muft take
them carefully off from the old
Roots at Michaelmas (which is the
time they are taken up for Ufe), fo
as to preferve a good Bad to each
Off-fet ; then plant them in a well-
prepared Spot of Ground, in the
fame manner as hath been dire¢ted
for the feedling Plants ; and the fol-
lowing Summer they mutt be treat-
ed in the fame manner as thofe.

All thefe Plants are ranged under
the Genus of Afer, by Dr. Tourne-
fort, as agreeing in the manner of
their Flower and Seed with that
Tribe :- but as the Title of Helenium
has been applied to the firft Species
by the Writers in Botany before his
Time, and the outward Face of the
the Plant being very different from
the Starworts, as allo the Flowers
being yellow; Monfieur Vaillant,
Profeflor of Botany at Paris, has

conitituted a Genus by the Name of

_ Helenium, and feparated all the Spe-
cies which have. yellow Flowers,
from the dfers, and placed them
under this Genus; for which Reafon
I have added the Engl Name of
ycllow Starwort to all the Species.

The eleventh Sort, being very
common by the Sides of Ditches and
Ponds in moft Parts of England, is
feldom planted in Gardens ; becaufe
it creeps very much -by the Root,
and will foon overfpread a large
Spot of Ground, when it has once
taken Root. This Sort is commonly
known by the Name of Middle

- Fleabane, in England. ?

The twenty-firf Sort is a'fo very
common in England: this is an an-
nual Plant, which fows itfelf. on
amoiit Grounds, where the Water

H E

ufually ftands in Winter: it flowers
in July and Auguf?, ‘This Plant is
placed in the Catalogue of Simples
anhexed to the College-Difpenfatory,
under the Title of Conyza minor,
flore globofo: it is alfo called Pulica-
ria; becaufe, they fay, the Smell of
this Herb will drive away Fleas.

The twenty-ninth Sort grows on
the Rocks and gravelly Shores by
the Sea-fide, in divers Farts of Eng-
land; and is frequently gathered,
and brought to the Markets for Sam-
phire, and pickled as fuch. This is
often diftinguifhed from the true
Samphire, by the Title of Golden
Samphire, becaufe the Flowers are
yellow.

The other Sorts are not Natives
of this Country, but are all of them
hardy enough to thrive in the open
Air; and feveral of them will grow
in fhady Places, and under the Drip
of Trees; fothat they deferve to be
propagated in the Eng/i/> Gardens.
‘They are commonly propagated by
parting-their Roots, becaufe they
feldom produce good Seeds in this
Country. The beit time to part
their Roots is in Autumn, when their
Stalks begin to decay: in doing
this, you fhould be careful not to
divide them too fmall, as alfo to pre-
ferve fome good Buds to each Of-
fet. ‘Phele thould be planted in large
Borders in the Pleafure-garden, in-
termixed with other hardy perennial
Plants ; where they will require no
other Culture, but to keep them
clear from Weeds, and to tranfplane
the Roots every other Year, when
they may be parted to increafe them.
Tn the Summer-time, when the Staiks |
are grown pretty high, they fhould
have Sticks thruit into the Ground
by each Root, and their Branches _
fattened thereto wath Bafs, to fup-
port them ; otherwife they are often
broke: cown by heavy Rains, or

Qg4 ftrong

*

eee ee ee

a

= ST
Sima
So Te =

PP eh
—_—

cpundl

Anglo
—

ye
fone Winds, when they are in
Flewer ; which renders them very
unfighily in a neat Garden. Some
of tnefe Sorts begin to flower in
July, and others fucceed them, Un-
til the W’rofis in Autumn puta Stop
to their Flowering.

If thefe Piants are propagated by
Seeds, they fliould be fown foon
after they are ripe, in an open Bed
of frefh Earth; for if the Seeds are
kept out of the Ground til Spring,
they ieldom grow,

HELIANT HEMUM, Dwarf
Ciftus, or the little Sun-flower.

The CharaGers are $

The Fleavcr-cup -confifis of three
Leawes: the Flower, for the mofl
part, confijis of five Leaves, which
are placed or bicularly, and expand in
form of a/Rofe: the Pointal of the
Flower becomes a globdlar Fruit,
which divides into three Parts, hav-
ing three Cells, which are filled with
roundijo Seeds fixed to fmail Paper
ments.

The Species are;

t. Hevrantruemum va/lgare,

frore luteo. FB. Common Dwarf -

Ciftus, with a yellow Flower.

2. HELIANTHEMUM wu4/gare,
Flore dilutiore. Tourn, Common
Dwarf Ciftus, witha fainter Flower.

3. HevrantHemumM Alpinum, fo-
lio. pilefella minoris Fuchfi. Ff. B.
Hoary Dwarf mountain Ciftus, with
Cat’s-foot-leaves.

4. HELIANTHEMUM ‘#ontanum,
pelii folio’ Pluk. Mountain Dwarf
Cit tus, with Poley-mountain-leaves.

5. HenianrHemoum foliis ma-

joribus, flore albo. Ff. B. Great-
leav’d Dwarf Ciflus, with a white
Flower.
6. Hetrantuemum album Ger-
mmanicum, Tab, leon, White ee
Dwarf Citus.

7. HELIANTHEMUM for’ albo,

Seite ongufta birfute, FB. White’

* Heads.

_minoris, fubtus incanis. Tourn. Small —

HE

flowered Dwarf Ciftus, with narroy
hairy Leaves. “a
8. Hettanrnemum faxatile, fo :
iis &F caulibus incanis oblongis, flori=
bus albis Apennini montis. Mentz, |
Rock Dwarf Ciftus of the Apennines, |
with hoary oblong Leaves and Stalks, ©
and white Flowers. .
. HEvranTuEemuM, five Ciffus
burt folio ampfuchi,capitulis valde
hirfutis. F. B. Dwarf Ciftus, with ¢
a Marjoram-leaf, and very ‘hairy q

10. HetranTHEemum folio thymi, 4
* floribus* umbcllatis. Tourn. Dwarf ©
Ciftus, with a Thyme-leaf, with —
Flowers growing in an Umbel, 4
11. HeLtianrHEemumM polit folio |
ampliore, Lufitanicum. Tourn. Por- ©
tugal Dwarf Ciftus, with large Po-
ley-mountain leaves. i
12. HeLtiantuemumM Germani- |
cum luteum, cifti folio. Bocrh. Ger-
man Dwarf Cifus, with a yellow —
Flower, and Ciltus leaf.
13. HELIANTHEMUM /Jalicis folio. ©
Tourn. ~Dwarf Ciftus, with a Wil- 7
low-leaf. 4
14. Bei hnsaains ledi folio. ©
Tourn. Dwarf Ciftus, with a Le- §
dum-leaf, }
15. HELiaNTHEMUM flore macu- —
fofo. Col. Dwarf Ciftus, with fpot- tg
ted Flowers. a
- 16, HerianTHEMUM ‘alld! B
fore albo. Tourn, Common, {mall
Sun-flower, with a white Flower.
17. Heviantaemun ferpilli fo-
Lio, flore minore aureo cdorato. Tourn. ©
Small Sun-flower, with a Mother- 7
of-thyme-leaf, and a {maller golden ©
fweet-fmelling Flower.
18, HELIANTHEMUM anguptifo-
lium luteum. Tourn, Yellow Narrows
leav’d {mall Sun- flower. "
19. Heniantnemum foliis myrti %

Sun-flower,with lefler Myrtle-leaves, | ‘
which are hoary underneath.
20. Hae

i

20. HELIANTHEMUM fenuifolium
Jabrum erectum, Juteo flore. Tourn.
Jarrow-leav’d {mooth upright {mall
an-flower. .

| 21. HeviantTHEemuo ¢enuifolium
labrum, luteo flare, per humum fpar-
ym. F.B.. Narrow-leav’d fmooth
nall Sun-flower, {preading on the
round, with a yellow Flower.

| 22. HeriantHEemum folio thymi

ith an hoary Thyme-leaf.
| 23. HevianrHemum thymi folio
Yabro. Tourn. Small Sun-flower,
ith a fmooth Thyme-leef.
24. HELIANTHEMUM ad nummu-
wriam accedens, J.B. Small Sun-
ower, refembling Money wort.
25. HevianrHemum /foliis rorif-
arini {plendentibus, fubtus incanis.
ourn. Small Sun-flower,with fhine-
ig Rofmary-leaves, hoary under-
cath.
26. HeviantuEmuMm Mafilienfe,
ridis folio. Tourn. Small Sun-
ower of Mar/eilles, with-a fair low
Teath-pine-leaf. :
27. Heviantuemum polit folio
mpliore, Lufitanicum. Tourn. Por-
uguefe {mall Sun-flower, with a
irger Mountain-poley-leaf.
28. HevianTHEMuUM polit folio
ngufiiore, Lufitanicum. Tourn. Por-
uguefe {mall Sun-flower, with a nar-
Ow Poley-mountain-leaf.
| 29. Hetianruemum bhumilius
\ufitanicum, halimi folio nigriore,
pagno fore luteo. Tourn. Low Por-
| guefe {mall Sun-flower, with a
jlack Sea-purflain-leaf, and a large
jellow Fiower.
) 30. Heriantuemum Algarvi-
( fe, balimi folio, flare Luteo puni-

jun-flower of Algarve, with a Sea-
| urflain-leaf, and a yellow Flower
jpotted with Scarlet. |

| 31. Heviantaemum Hi/panicum,
alimi folie rotundiore. Tourn, Spa-

|

lente macula infignito. Tourn. Small ,

HE
nifh {mall Sun-flower, with a round

Sea-purflain-leaf. oo
32. HELIANTHEMUM Hi/paxicum,
halimifolio anguftiore. Tourn, Spa~
nifo {mail Sun-flower, with a narrow
Sea- purflain-leaf. |

33. HeLiantHEeMuM Hifpanicum
halimi folio minimo, Tourn. Spanifb
{mall Sun-flower, with the leatt Sea-_
purflain-leaf..

34. Herranruemum Lw/itani-
cum, mari folio incano, flore Luteo.
Tourn. Portugue/fe {mall Sun-flower,
with an hoary Marum-leaf, and a
yellow Flower.

35. HeLttantuemum Luftani-
cum, mari folio incano, capitulis
valde birfutis. Tourn. Portuguefe
{mall Sun flower. with an hoary
Marum-leaf, and very hairy Seed-
veffels. oy

36. Hettantuemum Lufitani-
cum, majorane folio, flore lutea puni-
cante macula infignito. Tourn. Pors
tugucfe imall Sun-flower, with a
Marjoram-leaf, and a yelow Flower
{potted with Scarlet.

37. Heviantuemum Hi/panicum,
halimi folio amplifiimo, incano, &F-
nervofa. Tourn. Spanifh {mall Sun-
flower, with a very large hoary rib-
bed Leaf.

38. HerianrHemum Hijpanicum,
angufio folio, flore carneo. Tourn,
Spaxife {mall Sun-flower, with’ 2
narrow Leaf, and a carnation
Flower. ;

39. HetiantTuemum Alpinum,
oleae folio, fubtus incano. Tourn,
Small Sun-flower of the 4/ps, with
an Olive-leaf, hoary underneath. —

40. HeLrantTuEemum Lufttanicumy
Solio bupleuri, fore maculata. Tourn,
Portugue/e imali Sun-flower, with an
Hares-ear-leaf, and a {potted Flower.

41, HELIANTHEMUM Luftanicum,

| globularia folio. Tourn. Portugucfe

{mall Sun - flower,

with a Daify-
leaf.

42, He-

“HE

» 42. Hevrantruemum Hifanicum,
origani folio, fubtus incano. Tourn.
Spanifh {mall Sun-flower, with an
Origany-leaf, hoary underneath,

43. HELIANTHEMUM Pplantagints
folio, perenne. Tourn. Perennial {mall
Sun-flower, with a Plantain-leaf.

44. Herrantuemum Hi/panicum,
Solio minimo rotundiore. Tourn. Spa-
nije {mall Sun-flower, with a very
{mall round Leaf.

45. HevianrHemumM Hi/panicum,
ocymi folio, fubtus incano. Tourn.
Spant/b {mall Sun-flower, with a Ba-
fil-leaf, hoary underneath.

46. Hettanruemum § pumilum,
portulace marine folio argenteo.Tourn.
Dwarf {mall Sun-flower, with a fil-
very Sea purflain-leaf.

47. HELianTHemuM Creticum,
linarie folio, flore croceo, Tourn. Cor.
Candy {mal] Sun-flower, with a
Toad - flax - leaf, and a {faffron

Flower.

48. Hetranwtuemum Creticum
annuum, lato plantaginis folio, flore
aurco. Tourn. Cor, Annual Candy
fmall Sun - flower, with a broad
Plantain-leaf, and a golden Flower.

49. HELIANTHEMUM Lufttanicum
annuum, plantaginis folio, flore tri-
colore. Tourn. Annual Portuguefe
{mall Sun-flower, with a Plantain-
leaf, and a three-colour’d Flower.
50. HELIANTHEMUM /frutefcens,

Solio mcjorane incano.T ourn, Shrubby

fmall Sun- flower, with an hoary
Marjoram-leaf.
—5t. Heviantuemum halimi folio
breviore obtufo. Tourn, Small Sun-
flower, with a fhorter blunt Sea-
purflain-leaf.

52. HELIANTHEMUM felio halimi
datiove mucronato. Tourn. Small
Sun-flower, with a broader fharp-
pointed Leaf.

53. HELIANTHEMUM Americanum

Sfratefcens, portulace folio, Plum.

HE :
Cat, Shrubby American fmall § !

flower, with a Purflain-leaf. :

The four firft Sorts are found wil
in feveral Parts of Great Britain
but the firft is the moft common ¢
them all, and is found upon th
Sides of dry Banks, and chalk
Hills, in divers Parts of England
The twelve firft Species are perefi
nial Plants, which grow woody,
of low Stature, feldom rifing abos
a Foot high; the Branches, for th
moft part, trailing upon the Ground
Thefe Plants are very ornamental
to a Garden, efpecially if plante
in a warm Pofition, and a dry Soil,
where they will thrive and flowe
exceedingly ; and are very prope
to plant in floping Borders, or litt
Declivities, where few other Plan
will thrive to Advantage: and altho
the Flowers of thefe Plants are o
no great Beauty, yet the vaft Quam
tities which are produced all ove
the Plants, for two Months toge:
ther, bends them worthy ofa Plac
in every good Garden.

The fixteenth Sort is og

vi

found wild in Exgland, and is o
a Variety of the common Sort, di
fering merely in the Colour of the
Flower.

The twenty-feven Sorts next fol-
lowing grow wild in Portugal, Spait
the South of France, and the Api
Thefe are all of them abiding Plants,
which may be propagated by Seed
in the manner before direfted: an
if they are planted on a warm B
der, or on a floping Bank, which.
expofed to the South, they will liv
in the open Air in this. Country ve
well. As thefe Plants require a
little Trouble to cultivate them
they merit a Place in every lar
Garden ; where, if they are properly
difpofed, they will afford an agreg

able Variety. fe
The

7

HE
Thefe Plants fhould not be plant-

Jin arich Soil; for they naturally
ow on chalky Hills, or ftony and
avelly Places, where they flower
uch better, and the Plants will con-
ue longer, than when they grow
arich Earth. As all thefe Plants
e of humble Growth, and fpread
eir Branches near the Ground ; fo
ey fhould not be placed among tall-
‘owing Plants, which will overbear
em; nor fhould large Weeds be
*rmitted to remain amongft them,
‘caufe they will greatly weaken the
ants, and prevent their flowering.

| Thefe are all propagated by Seeds
rhich the Plants annually furnifh
great Plenty); and fhould be fown
a warm Border of. frefh light
rth in March, or the Beginning
| April ; and when the Plants are
me up, they may be tranfplanted
o Beds of thé like Earth about
ur Inches afunder, or fomewhat
pre; in which Place they may re-
ain until September, when they
uld be removed to the Places
ere they are to continue for good,
ferving to take them up with a
od Ball of Earth to their Roots,
rerwife they are fubject to mif-
vry.

They may alfo be propagated. by
ting Cuttings of any of the
rts in May, in a Bed of frefh light
th, obferving to water and fhade
ym until they have taken Root:
ife alfo may remain in the Beds
itil September, when they fhould
(planted out, as was directed for
f: feedling Plants: but as they ge-
Pally produce great Quantities of

ccafion for propagating them
ly other way: becaufe the feedling
pnts are generally better than thofe
tained from Cuttings; and it be-
more Trouble to propagate them

HE
by Cuttings, few People prattife that
Method.

The thirteenth, fourteenth, fif-
teenth, forty-feventh, and forty-
eighth Sorts are annual Plants, and
muft be fown every Year, or the
Seeds fuffered to fall; which, if the
Ground be clear from Weeds, will
come up, and abide the Winter, and
flower early in the fucceeding Sum-
mer; which is the fureft Method to
obtain large Plants, efpecially of the
fifteenth Sort, of which if the Seeds
are fown in the Spring, the Plants
are apt to be very fmall, and pro-
duce but few Flowers; and many
times the Seeds will not come up at
all; fo that if you fow them, it _
fhould be done foon after they are
ripe: the Flowers of this laft Sore
are very beautiful, each Petal or
Leaf having a deep-purple Spot at
the Bottom ; and fince it is a Plant
which requires but very little Care,
it is well worth keeping in a Garden.

The forty-ninth, fiftieth, and
fifty-firit Sorts are fhrubby Plants,
which rife to the Height of four or
five Feet : thefeare preferved in Pots,
and removed into the Green-houfe
in Winter, being too tender to live
in the open Air in this Country
throughout the Year. They are
ufually propagated by Cuttings, be-
caufe they feldom perfect Seeds in
England: the beft time to plant the
Cuttings is in the Middle or latter
End of ‘YFune, after the Plants have
have been expofed in the open Air
a fufficient time to harden the Shoots;
for if they are taken off foon after
the Plants are removed out of the
Green-houfe, the Shoots are general-
ly too weak to make Cuttings,
They fhould be planted in a fhady
Border of light Earth, and frequenly
refrefhed with Water: in about two
Months the Cuttings will be fuffi-

| ciently

‘ciently rooted to tranfplant, when
they fhould be carefully taken up
with Balls of Earth to their Roots,
and each planted in a feparate {mall
Pot filled with frefh light Earth, and
placed in a fhady Situation, until
they have taken new Root; after
which time they may be placed
amongft other hardy Exotic Plants
in a fheltered Situation ; where they
may remain until the Middle of
Odober, when they muft be removed
into the Green-houfe: during the
Winter-feafon thefe Plants fhould
have as much*free Air as poffible in
mild Weather, and will require to
be often watered ; and in the Sum-
mer-feafon they muft be removed
into the open Air, and placed with
‘other hardy Exotic Plants, fuch as
Myrtles, Geraniums, &c. where
they may be defended from ftrong
Winds; and in hot dry Weather,
they muft be plentifully watered :
-with this Management the Plants
will thrive, and in June, Fuly, and
Augyfi, they will flower, at which
time they will make a pretty Ap-
pearance among other Exotic Plants.

The fifty fecond Sort is much
more tender than either of the for-
mer, being an Inhabitant of the
warmeft Parts of America. This was
difcovered by Father P/umier, in the
- French Settlements ; and in theYear
1731.1 had the Seeds of this Plant
fent me by the late Dr. Wilham
Houffoun, from La Vera Cruz. ‘This
Sort grows about two Feet and an
half, or three Feet bigh, and divides
Into many fucculent Branches, which
are befet with thick facculent Leaves,
fomewhat refembling thofe of Pur-
flain: on the Top of the Branches
ts fent forth a flender Stalk about a
Foot long, which is garnifhed with
beautiful {carlet Flowers, growing in

5

~a Spike; thefe Flowers are fucceed-

ed by tricapfular Seed-veflels, wh
are full of {mall Seeds. y

This Sort, which was firft p
cured by Seeds from. abroad, |
been fince propagated by Cutti
and cifperfed into feveral Parts
Europe. The beft Seafon for pla
ing of thefe Cuttings is in Fuly; t
they fhould be cut from the Ple
and laid to dry, four or five D
before they are planted, otherw
they are very fubje&t to rot. The
Cuttings fhould be planted inP
filled with frefh light fandy Eavth
and plunged into a moderate He
bed, being careful to thade thet
from the Sun in the Heat of th
Day, as alfo to refrefh them now
and-then with a little Water; _
they muft not be kept too moift, |
that fhou'd rot them. With
Management the Cuttings will tak
Root in about a Month, when the
may be expofed to the Sun, givit
them a proportionable Quantity
Air; but they fhould remain in’
Bed will the latter End of Septembs
when they fhould be removed mm

warmeit Part, where they may. ia
Sun and Heat. During the Winti
feafon they fhould be {paringly W
tered; but in Summer they ot
have a greater Share, as alfo a lar
Quantity of frefh Air; but th
muft conftantly remain in |
Stove. Ss
HELIANTHUS, 7. e. 9
flower. ;

This Genus of Plants was fit
Corona Solis, by moft of the Bota
Writers ; but this being a compot
Name, Dr. Linnzus has altered i
this of Helianthus: it has alfo-
fome been titled Heliotropium; wh
Name is now applied to anot
Genus of Plants, very different i
this. i fi

H.E
The Chara@ers are;.
he Empalement of the Flower is
ys the Scales lying over each other
tiles on an Houfe: the Flower is
ated: the outward Rays are Fe-
le: but thofe in the Dife are Her-
shrodite Flowers: thefe are tubu-
, and fit on the Top of the Ovary,
ich is. crowned with two {mall
wes: the Ovary afterward becomes
oblong blunt angular Sced, each
ing in a feparate Cell; fo that
én the Sceds are thruft out, the Va-

neycomb.
The Species are ;

. HeEniantTHus radice annua.
”. Vir. The annual Sun-flower.
. HELIANTHUS radice tereti in-
xa perenni. Lin. Hort. Cliff. ‘The
mmon perennial or everlafting
n-flower.
3. Hetiantaus radice fufiformi.
n. Hort. Clif. Tall broad-leav’d
rennial Sun-flower.
4. Hexiantuus foltis ovatis acu-

atis ferratis, pedunculis longi fjimis.
lor. Virg. Sun-flower witb. oval
yinted, and fawed Leaves, having
ing Footftalks.
)5. Hevianruus foliis ovatis cre-
tis trinerviis feabris, /quamis caly-
mis erectis, longitudine difei. Flor.
irg. Sun-flower with oval-crenated
ough Leaves, having three Veins,
jd a fealy Flower-cup.
) 6. Heviantuus foliis lanceolatis
\filibus. Fhr.-Virg. Sun- flower
yith fpear-fhaped Leaves growing
lofe to the Stem. '
. 7. Heriantuus foliis oblongo-
\eatis fcabris, radice repente. Sun-
hower with. oblong oval rough
}\.eaves, and a creeping Root.

| 8. Hetianraus radice tuberofa.

| if Hor?. Cliff, San-flower with a
jufelem Artichoke,

ies have the Appearance of an

juberous Root, commonly called Fe-

All thefe Species of Sunflowers
are Natives of dmerica, fromwhence
we are often: fupplied: with new
Kinds, it being a large Genus .of
Plants: and it is very remarkable,
that there is not a fingle Species of
this Genus that is Ezropeas ; fo that
before America was difcovered, we
were wholly unacquainted with thefe
Plants. But although they are not
originally of our own Growth 5 yet
are they become fo familiar with our,
Climate, as to thrive and increafe’
full as well as if they were at Home
{fome of the very . late-flowering:
Kinds excepted, which require a
longer Summer than we. generally
enjoy, to bring them to Perfe€tion)z
and many of them are now fo-plen-
tiful in £xg/and, that Perfons unace
quainted with the Hiftory of .thefe

Plants would imagine, them at, leaf,

to have been Inhabitants. of this
Ifland many hundred Years; parti-
cularly the Ferufalem Artichoke,
which, though it doth not produce

Seeds in our Climate, yet doth fo-

multiply by its knobbed Roots, that,

when once well fixed in a Garden, it >

is not eafily to be rooted out,
The firft Sort, being annual, muft
be fown every Spring, in a Bed of

good light rich Earth ; and whenathe »

Plants are. come .up about three
Inches high, they mutt be tranfplant-
ed into Narfery-beds. at about eight
or ten Inches Diflance every Way,
where they may continue until they
are a Foot high, when they muft be
carefully taken up with a Bail of

Earth, and tranfplanted into the |

Middle of large Borders, or inter-

mixed in Bofquets of large-growing:

Plants, ebferving to water them un-
til they are well rooted; after. which
they will require no further Care
but to clear them from Weeds,

In

HE
' In Fuly the great Flowers upon
the Tops of the Stems will appear ;
among which, the beft and moft
double Flowers of each Kind fhould
be preferved for Seeds; for thofe
which flower later upon the Side-
branches are neither fo fair, nor do
they perfect their Seeds fo well, as

thofe which are firft in Flower:

when the Flowers are quite faded,
and the Seeds are formed, you fhould
carefully guard the Heads from the
Sparrows, which will otherwife de-
vour moft of the good Seeds; and
about the Beginning of O2ober,
when the Seeds are ripe, you fhould
cut off the Heads with a fmall Part
of the Stems, and hang them up in
a dry airy Place for about a Month;
by which time the Seeds will be per-
feétly dry and hard; when you may
eafily rub them out, and put them
up in Bags, or Papers, preferving
them from Vermin until the Seafon
for fowing them.

There are feveral Varieties of this
Sort, which differ in the Colour of
their Flowers, as alfo their Seeds ;
fome of them having Flowers of a
Sulphur-colour, others yellow, fome
pale, and others deep: the Seeds of
fome are black, others Afh-colour,
and fome ftriped; and of all thefe
Varieties, there are fome with very
double, and others fingle Flowers :
but as thefe are very apt to {port,
and vary from the Sorts fown, they
fhould not be deemed as diftinG Spe-
_ cies: the double Flowers fhould be
preferred for the faving of the Seeds;
becaufe moft of the Plants which are
produced from thefe Seeds, will
have double Flowers.

The Seeds of this Sort of Sun-
flower are excellent Food for do-
meftic Poultry ; therefore, where a
Quantity of it can be faved, it will
be of great Ufe, where there are
Quantities of thefe Fowds.

HE

The other perennial Sorts rarely
produce Seeds in England; byl
moft of them increafe very faft q
their Roots, efpecially the commoi}},
and creeping-rooted Kinds. Th)
fecond Sort, which is the moft :
mon in the Engii/b Gardens, is thi
largeft and moft valuable Flower),
and is a very proper Furniture foil}
large Borders in great Gardens, a.
alfo for Bofquets of large-growi1
Plants, or to intermix in imall Quar
ters with Shrubs, or in Walks undej
Trees, where few other Piants wil
thrive: it is alfo a great Ornament
to Gardens within the City ; wh
it doth grow, in Defiance of the
Smoke, better than moft otherPlants;
and for its long Continuance in
Flower, deferves a Place in mofl
Gardens, for the fake of its Flowers
for Bafons, &c. to adorn Halls an 4
Chimneys in a Seafon when we are
at a Lofs for other Flowers. It be.
gins flowering in ‘Fyne, and continues
until Oober. |

The third, fourth, fifth, fixth, and
feventh Sorts may alfo have a Placein,
fome abject Part of the Garden, for
theVariety of their Flowers ; which,
though not fo fair as thofe of the.
common Sort, yet will add to the
Diverfity ; and as many of them are
late Flowerers, fo we may continue
the Succeffion of Flowers longer im
the Seafon. | Mf

Thefe Sorts are all of them very
hardy, and will grow in almoft any
Soil or Situation; they are propae
gated by parting their Roots into
fmall Heads, which in one Year's
time will fpread and increafe great-
ly. The beft Seafon for this Work is
in the Middle of O&ober, foon after
their Flowers are paft, or very oat
in the Spring, that they may be well
rooted before the Droughts come on;
otherwife their Flowers will be few
in Number, and not near fo fairy

pnd!

ke EEE

d by this means their Roots will
iweak ; but if they are planted in
Jeber, you will fave the Trouble
watering them ; their Roots being
ely fixed before the dry Weather,
»y will need no other Trouble than
‘clear them from Weeds. .
The Ferufalem Artichoke is pro-
pated in many Gardens for the
pots, which are by fome People as
heh efteemed as Potatoes ; but they
2 more watry and flafhy, and are
fubje& to trouble the Belly by
ir windy Quality, which hath
ought them almoft into Difufe.
Thefe are propagated by planting
2 {maller Roots, or the larger ones
jtinto Pieces, obferving to preferve
Bud to each feparate Piece, either
the Spring or Autumn, allowing
em a good Diftance; for their
bots will greatly multiply: the
tumn following, when their Stems
‘cay, the Roots may be taken up
Ufe. ‘Thefe fthould be planted
fome remote Corner of the Gar-
yn; for they are very unfightly
hile growing, and their Roots are
st to over-run whatever grows near
em; nor can they be eafily deftroy-
| when they are once well fixed in
arden. .
HELIOTROPIUM, Turnfole.
The Charaders are;
The Flower confijts of one Leaf, and
Jeaped like a Funnel, having its
entre wrinkled and folded, and its
rim cut into ten Segments,alternately
equal: theje Flowers are collected
ita a long reflexed Spike, refembling
| Scorpion’s Tail: each Flower is fuc-
eded by four naked gibbofe Seedi.
- The Species are;
1. HeLiotropium majus Dio/-
pridis. C. B. "The great Turnfole
f Diofcorides.

2. Heriorropium Americanum

ic. Blue American Turnfole, with

pameceeves,

aruleum, foliis hormini. Acad. Reg.

3. HeLiorropium Americanum
caruleum, foliis hormini anguftiori-
bus. H. L. Blue American Turnfole,
with narrower Clary-leaves.

4. Hexiorropium arborefeens,
Soltis teucrit, flore albo in capitula
denfa congefto. Boerh. ind. Tree-like
Turnfole, with a Germander-leaf,
and white Flowers growing in thick
fhort Heads.

; Heriorropium Canarienfe
arborefcens, folio fcorodonia. Hort.
Amft. Canary Tree-like Turnfole,
with a Wood-fage-leaf.

The firft, fecond, and third Kinds
are annual Plants: the firft is ve
hardy, and may be preferved in a
Garden, by fuffering the Seeds to
fall when ripe, which will come up
in the fucceeding Spring much bet-
ter than when preferved and fown

with Care; for it rarely happens, |

that thofe which are fown in the
Spring grow; fo that if it be in-
tended to be had in a different Place
from that where the Plants grew the
precedingYear, the Seeds ought to be
{own foon after they are ripe ; which
fhould be in the Place where they
are to remain; for thefe Plants fel-
dom thrive well when tranfplanted,
efpecially if it be not performed
while the Plants are young.

This Plant produces its Flowers
in Fune, and the Seeds ripen in dg-

guf..

The fecond and third Sorts muf
be fown upon an Hot-bed in the
Spring, and managed as was direct-
ed for the Cyanus Turcicus to which
the Reader is defired to turn, to fave
Repetition) ; for if they are not
brought forward in the Spring, they
feldom perfe&t their Seeds : there is
no great Beauty in thefe two Plants,
nor are they often cultivated but in
Botanic Gardens for Variety-fake.

The fourth and fifth Sarts grow
to be large fhrubby Plants: tbefe

are

a

aN.

i rh i ee <2 yee
aes ras _« = 7

~~

’ fana,

Pm

are propagated by planting Cuttings
of them, in any of the Summer-
months, ina Bed of light Earth, ob-
ferving to fhade and water them un-
til they have taken Root; and in

Auguft they fhould be tranfplanted

into Pots filled with frefh light Earth,
which fhould be placed in a fhady
Situation until the Plants are rooted
in the Pots; when they may be re-
moved into the open Air amongft
Myrtles, Jafmines, Gc. where they
may remain until OGoser ; at which
time they fhould be removed into
the Green-houfe, where they fhould
be placed fo as to have as much free
Air as poffible, and will require fre-
quent Waterings.

The fifth Sort produces Flowers
every Summer: but I have never yet
feen any on the fourth Sort, altho’

_ it isby mach the larger Plant. Thefe

two Species are confounded together
by fome late Authors.

HELLEBORE.
rus.

HELLEBORINE,; Baftard Helle-

Vide Hellebo-

bore.

The Charaers are;

It hath a fibrofe Root: the Leaves
are broad and nervous, fomewhat like
thofe of the White Hellebore: the
Flowers, which grow upon a fbort
Footftalk, are colleed into a Spike,
each confifting of fix diffimilar Leaves:
the Ovary becomes a Fruit very like
that of the Orchis,

The Species are; -

t, HeELvevorine ‘/atifolia mon-
_C.B.P. Common Baftard
Hellebore.

z. HELLEBORINE altera, atro-
rubente flore. C.B.P. Baftard Hel-

_lebore, with a blackifh Flower.

3. Heriesorine fore albo. Ger.
White-flower’d Baftard Hellebore.

4. HELLEBORINE fore rotundo,
frve Calceolus.. C..B. P. > Lady’s-
flipper. |

,

5. HELtEBorineVirginiana, fla
rotundo luteo. Banifter. Virgini
x s-flipper, with a yellow Floy

"6 HELLEBORINE Canadenfis, fc
Calceolus Maria. Icon. Robert.
nada Lady’s-flipper.

7. HeLvesorine latifolia, fla
albo claufo. Raii Syn. Broad-leav
Baftard Hellebore, with a white fhi
Flower.

8. HeLLeorine foliis pralongl
anguflis acutis, Raii Syn. Bafta
Hellebore, with longer narro¥
pointed Leaves. ,

Q. HELLERORINE paluftris noftra
Raii Syn, Marth Baftard Helle:
bore.

10. HELLEBORINE montana at
guftifolia purpurafeens.C. B. P. Nak
row-leav’d purple mountain Baftar
Hellebore.

tr. Herresorine Virginiana
ophioglo ff folio. D. Banifter. Baftat
Hellebore of Virginia, with an Ad:
der’s-tongue leaf.

12. Hee rivon tit Mariana, bu
pleuri anguftifkmo folio, purpurafcenta

jiore, caule aphyllo. Pluk. Baftard
Hellebore of Maryland, with a very
nartow Leaf, like that of Hare’s-ear,
a purplith Flower, and a Stalk witht
out a Leaf, '

13. HELLEBORINE Miavianis, fo :

pallide purpureo,trianthophoros. Plu Ay
Mantiff. Baftard Hellebore of Mas
ryland, with pale - purple Flowers
growing three on a Stalk. 4
14. HELLEBORINE Mariana moe
nanthos, fisre longo purpurafcente tik=
aceo. Pluk. Mantif. Baftard Helles
bore of Maryland, with ‘one long
purplifh lily-fhaped Flower. .
1g. HELLEBORINE Virginianay
Flore rotunda magna ex purpureo albi-
cante. Banifi. Cat. Baftard Helles
bore of Virginia, with a large round
Flower of a purputh - - white ¢

lour.
16. Hews

a EE:

16. HeLvesorine folits Lhacers,
afphedeli radice. Plum. Cat. Battard
Hellebore of America; with Leaves
like the Lily, and an Afphodcl-
oot. :

17. HELLEBORINE purpurea, tu-
berofa radice. Plum. Cat. Purple
Baftard Hellebore, with a tuberofe

18. HeELLeBorINE Americana,
Glits longiffimis, tuberofa radice.
Imerican Baftard Hellebore, with
ery long Leaves, and a tuberofe
Root, commonly called, the Flower
of the Holy Ghoft.

19. HELLEBORINE graminea, fo-
lis rigidis carinatis. Plum. Cat.
rafs-like,Baftard Hellebore, with
iff Leaves.

_ Thefe are all Natives of Woods,
nd fhady Places : the four firft-men-
ioned, as alfo the feventh, eighth,
d ninth Sorts, grow wild in the
Noods of Yorkfire, Lancafhire, and
many Parts of England: the tenth
Sert has been found in /redand, and
Ss pretty common in other Parts of

| The fourth Sort is by much the
moft beautiful of all the European
Kinds, as it is alfo the moft {carce,
reing ‘rarely to be found in any
of the Gardens in the South; for
his is an Inhabitant of the Northern
Counties. I found this Sort grow-
g wild in the Park at Burrough-
fall near Kirby-Lonfdale, the Seat
bf Robert Fenwick, Efq; ‘Vhefe may
je tranfplanted into Gardens, from
the Places of their natural Growth;
Jither in the Spring, foon after they
/ppear above-ground, or in Autumn,
when their Leaves begin to decay ;
vat if they are tran{planted in Spring,
Pee fhould be great Care had, to

jucceed. Thefe Plants hould be
lanted in fhady moift Places, and
PV ot. tf,

HE
in a ftrong undunged Soil, where
they will continue many Years, and
produce their Flowers toward the
latter Part of Summer,

The fifth, fixth, eleventh, twelfth,
thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth
Sorts are Natives of Virginia, Mary-
land, and Netv-England; from which
Places fome of their Roots have been
brought ii into EngJand. The beit Me-
thod to obtain thefe Kinds is, to pro-
cure fome of their Roots to be taken
up with Balls of Earth, and planted
into Tubs of the natural Soil in
which they grew, as clofe together
as poflible: thefe Tubs fhouild- re-
main in the Country, until the
Leaves of the Plants begin to decay,
when they may be put on board the
Ships, and fent over; for as the
Roots will then be in a State of In-
action, fo they will be in lefs Dan-
ger of fuffering in their Paflage, than
if they were in a vigorous growing
State, and will require very little, if
any Water. Thefe Plants may ‘be
planted out of the Boxes into {mall
Wildernefs-quarters,where they will
abide the Cold of the Winter very
well, and produce their Flowers in
Summer. ;

The fixteenth, feventeenth, and
nineteenth Sorts were difcovered by
Father Plumier, in the French Settle-
ments in America; thefe three Sorts
were fent by the late Dr. Wiliam
Houftoun from Famaica, where they
grow in the Woods, and thady
Places, in great Plenty. The fevea-
teenth Sort was alio fent from the
Bahama Mflands to Mr. Peter Collin-
fon, and hath been fince diftributed
to many curious Perfons in England,
Thisis a very fine Plant, and deferves
a Place in the Stove, becaufe it pro-

_ duces.a moft beautiful Spe of pyr-

ple Flowers every Year.- This and
: the fixteenth and nigereeel Sorts are
propagated by 08 fets, which they
Re fend

'

IS ee ee ee

ie
4 r]

é

HE
fend forth plentifully. The beft Sea-
fon for tranfplanting the Roots, and
taking off the Off-fets, is in the Be-
ginning of February, juft before they

begin to fhoot. Thefe Roots fhould -

be planted in Pots filled with rich
light Earth, and then plunged into
the Tan in the Stove, obferving
now-and-then to refrefh the Earth
with Water, which muift not’ be
given to them in great Quantities
until they have fent forth their

‘Leaves ; for too much Moifture will

rot thefe Roots while they are in an
unattive State. Thefe Plants fhould
conftantly be kept in the Bark-bed in
the Stove, otherwife they will not
flower. During the Summer-feafon
they will require a larger Share of
Moifture, and in hot Weather they
fhould have plenty of frefh Air; but
in Winter they muft be kept warm,
otherwife the Roots will perifh. With
this Management the Plants will
thrive exceedingly, and produce their
beautiful Flowers in Auguff and Sep-
tember. ‘The Roots of thefe Plants
fhould not be diflurbed in Winter ;
for although their Leaves decay in
Autumn, and their Roots remain
inactive, yet if they are taken up,
and kept out of the Ground, they
are very apt to fhrink, unlefs great
Care be taken of them. The feven-
teenth Sort was by Accident procu-

- red in Exgland, the Root being fent

over with a Specimen of the Plant,
which was dried, and fent to Mr.
Collinfon ; he took off the Root, and
had it planted in the Stove at Sir
Charles Wager’s Garden: it grew
and flowered; from which Root
there has been a great Number pro-
duced. This Sort produces a Spike
of Flowers near two Feet long,
which, being of a bright purple Co-
lour, make’a fine Appearance in the
Stove.

€

eae et
Pee |

The eighteenth Sort grows in
great Plenty on the Sides of the
Road between Porto Be/lo and Pana-
ma, in the Spanifh Weft-Indies, in
fhady Places, and on a ftony Soil.
The Spaniards fay, it is only to b
found in this Place; and that it can-
not be tran{planted to any other Par
of the Country, fo as to grow. T
Flowers of the Plant refemble 2
Dove; from whence the Spaniard:
give it the Name of the Holy Ghoft.
Some of thefe Roots were fent to
England by Mr. Robert Millar, Sur-
geon, who was on the Spot where
they grew: fome of which are ye
alive in England; but have not as
yet produced any Flowers. This
and the nineteenth Sort are both
very. tender Plants; wherefore if
they are brought into England, they”
muft be very gently treated : their
Roots fhould be planted in Pots filled
with a fandy Soil mixed with Lime.
rubbifh, and then plunged into an
Hot-bed of ‘T'anners Bark, being
careful not to give them much Wa f
ter until they begin to fhoot; after
which time they fhould be frequently
watered. During the Summer-feas”
fon thefe Plants muft have freth Air
admitted to them ; but in Winter
they muft have avery warm Situa

|

4

tion. ‘hey put forth their green
Leaves in Mey, which continue till
Autumn, when they decay; fo that
the Roots remain ina¢live about fix
Months. me

There are many other Sorts of
thefe Plants, which are Natives of
America; but the greater Part Of
them, growing on T'rees, cannot be
cultivated in Gardens ; wherefore it
is needlefs to enumerate them in this

Place. s
HELLEBOROIDES HYEMA-
LIS. V¥zde Helleborus. a

HE

. HELLEBORORANUN-
CULUS. Vide Helleborus.
HELLEBORUS, Black. Helle-
bore, or Chriftmas-flower.
The Chara@ers are;

It hath a digitated Leaf: the

Flower confifis of feveral Leaves,
which are placed orbicularly, and ex-
pand in form of a Rofe: in the Centre
of the Flower rifes the Pointal, which

:

is encompafjed about the Bafe bet Je-
weral little Horns lying between the
Chives and Petals, which afterward
turn to a Fruit, in which the mem-
braneous Hufks are gathered, as it
were, into a littl Head, ending, for
the moft part, in au Horn, opening
engthwife; and, for the moft part,
ull of roundifp or oval Seeds.

The Species are ;

1. Hertesorus aiger fatidus.
iC. B.P. Stinking Black Hellebore,
EB ears-foot, or Setterwort.

2. HELLEBOoRUS niger bortenfis,
lore wiridi. C.'B. P. Green-flow-
ered Black Hellebore, or Bears. foot.
3. HeELLEBorus ager, frre alba,
etiam interdum valde rubente. F.B.
‘True Black Hellebore, or Chrijimas
ofe.

4. HeLveporus niger trifeliatus.
Trifoliated Black Hel-

5. HeELiezsorus niger, flore rofeo,
wninor Belgicus.. H. R. Ble/. Smail
\Belgic Black Hellebore.

6. Hexveporus aiger hortenfis
jnlter. C.B. P. The other Garden
Black Hellebore.

f AZ Heiiesorus niger, amp/ltort-
Pus foliis. Tourn. Black Hellebore,
with larger Leaves.

bed Hriresorus niger autumna-
His, flore maximo. H.R. Par. Au-

farge Flower.

| 9. Heriesorus niger, fanguineo
Folio. Bocce. Muf. Black Hellebore,
jwith a bloody Leaf,

tumnal Black Hellebore, witha very

WP TS ee a eae

\

iE

10. Hettenorus niger Orientals,
ampliffimo folio, caule prealto, flere
purpurafcente. Tourn.Cor. HEaftern

lack Hellebore, with a very large
Leaf, a tall Stalk, and a purplifa
Flower.

11. HEttesorus foliis angulatis
multifidis, flore globofo. Lin, Hort.
Cif. Globe Ranunculus, or Locker-
gowlans.

12, Hetresorus fore falio inf-
dente. Lin. Hort. Cli if. The Winter
Aconite.

The firft, fecond, and eleventh
Sorts grow wild in ‘feveral Parts of
England, efpecially in the Northern
Counties: the firft and fecond are
Natives of Woods, and thady Places ;
but the eleventh Sort grows in very
moift Meadows, and by the Sides of
Brooks : this Sort I found in great
Plenty near the Bridge at Kirby-Lonf-
dale, by the River-fide.

All the other Sorts have been
brought from other Countries ;
which thrive as well with us ia the
open Air, as thofe that are Na-
tives. The two firft Sorts, being
Wood-plants, thrive much better
when planted in fhady moift Places,
than when they are planted in a
warmer Situation, and too much
expofed to the Sun: and as they
produce their Flowers in the Middle
of Winter, when few other Plants
appear, they deferye a Place in {mall
Wildernefs-quarters, Avenues, and
fhady Borders, where they will
flourifh exceedingly ; and, if faffer-
ed to thed their Seeds, will foon fur-
nifh a Garden with Plants enough ;°
and this is the eafielt and bef Me-
thod to propagate them.

The other Sorts are propagated
either from Seeds, or by parting
their Roots: the beft Seafon for
this Work isin O@sber, when you
may divide the Roots. inte {mall
Heads, and plant them ina Situation

ee: _ where

- Seafon:
‘sare much Jarger than thofe of any

Sp ae

where they may have the morning
Sun only all Ten o’Clock; for if
they are too much expofed to the
great Heats of the Sun, they will
not thrive: thefe fhould alfo have
amoift light Soil; but the Ground
fhould not have Dung in it, which
is very fubject to rot the Roots of
thefe Plants.

If you propagate them by Seeds,
they fhould be fown foon after they
are ripe, which is commonly in May,
in a Border expofed to the morning
Sun, where the Plants will come up

the following Spring, and fhould be:
-kept clear from Weeds; which, if

fuffered to grow, would foon deftroy
the young Plants: in this Border they
fhould remain until the February fol-
lowing ; at which time they fhould
be tranfplanted into another Border,
to the Diftance of fix Inches fquare,
obferving to keep them, conftantly
clear from Weeds; and in one Year
after planting out they will flower,
and may then be removed to the
Places where they are to remain for
ood.

The third Sort is called the Cori7-
mas Rofe, from its flowering at that
the Flowers of this Sort

of the other Species: they are white

on the Infide, and of a greenifh-

white on the Outfide ; and are pro-
duced fingly on fhort Footftalks
arifing from the Root: but when the
Roots are itrong, they Praciee a
great Number of thefe Flowers ;
fo that they make a fine Appear-
ance; and this being at a Seafon
when there are few other Plants in
Flower, it renders them the more
valuable: if the Seafon fhould prove
fevére at the time they are in Flower,
it will be proper to cover them,

_ otherwife the Froft will pinch the
aud foon deftroy their

Flower ,

Beauty. ‘

HE

The ninth and tenth Sorts a
fomewhat tenderer than the others
fo fhould be planted in a warmer
Situation ; and if one or two Plant
of each Sort are kept in Pots, and
fheltered under an Hot-bed-fram
in Winter, it will be a good Method
to preferve the Species; becaufe it
very hard Winters, thofe which ar
planted in the full Ground may be
deftroyed.

The eleventh Sort muft be planted
ina very moift Soil, otherwife it wi
not thrive in Gardens ¢ ; therefor
may be placed in any wet Spot
where few other Things will grow
in which Situation thefe Plants wil
thrive exceedingly, and produ
plenty of Flowers.

The twelfth Sort is well know
in the Gardens under the Title ¢
Winter Aconite, from its flowerin
foon after Chrifimas: the Flowe
are yellow, each arifing with a short
Footftalk from the Root, being far
rounded by Leaves. This Sort proe
pagates very fait by its Root,
will thrive in any Soil or Situa
tion.

There are great Doubts, whethe
any of thefe Species be the true Hel
lebore of the Antierts; tho’ Mon
fieur Tournefort, and fome othe
Travellers, affirm that the nt
Species is it : but the Germam
ufe the Adonis hellebori radice, ~ u
phthalmi fore for the Hellebore; at
many ether People believe it to b |
a Plant different from both thet
but it is hoped, that we fhall the rth
know, who are in the right. 7

HELLEBORUS ALBUS. a
Veratrum, iW

HELMET- FLOWER, i
MONK’s-HOOD. Vide Aco iy
tum. he
HEMEROCALLIS, The Lil
afphode], or Day-lily.. *:

1

Ki

H &

The Charafers are ;
The Flower has no Empalement, and
onfifts of one Leaf, which is cut into

Parts almoft to the Bottom, bav-
ng a foort Tube ; but expands, aid 1s
eflexed at the Brim: in the Centre
f the Flower is fituated the Pointal,
ttended by fix declining Stamina: the
ointal afterward changes to an oval
bree-corner'd Fruit ; having three
ells, which are full of roundifo Seeds :
0 thefe Notes may be added, Toe Root
zing compofed of fcveral thick fic/ey
ubers, like the Afphodel.

This Genus of Plants was titled
ilio-Afphodclus by Dr. Tournefort,
rom the Flower being fhaped like
he Lily, and the Root like that of
he Afphodel: but this, being a
ompound Name, is rejected by Dr.
innzus, who has applied this of
[emerocallis to it, and has joined
ournefort’s Genus of Liliaftram to
his ; tho’ the Flowers of that have
x Leaves.

The Species are;

1. HemerocaLiis radice tube-
‘ofa, corollis monopetalis. Lin. Hort.
Clif, The yellow Day-lily.

2 Hemerocatiis raaice tuberofa,
orollis monopetalis refiexis, ‘The
carlet Day-lily.

3. Hemerocautis radice tube-
ofa, corollis hexapetalis. Lin. Hort.
“if. St. Bruno’s Lily, or great
Savoy Spiderwort. ©
_ Where are two Varisties of the
firft Sort, one with a large,’ and the
other with a fmaller Flower; as there
are alfo of the fecond and third
rts: but thefe are not dift.nét Spe-
cies ; fo I fhall not enumerate them
here. Dr. Linneus has fuppofed the
two firft Sorts to be one Species ;
and that they differ only in the Size
and Colour of their Fiowers; but,
from thirty Years Objervation, I
ould not find, that they, by any
/

°

HE

Culture, nor from Seeds, would vary
from their original Species : the
Roots of the firft Sort do not mul-
tiply near fo faft as thofe of the
fecond ; the Flowers are much
{maller, and have a very agreeable
Scent, fomewhat like the Flowers
of the Tuberofe; for which it is
efteemed by many Perfons; and
from thence fome have given it the
Name of yellow Tuberofe: as this
Sort doth not grow fo tall, nor fpread
by the Root fo much, as the fecond
Sort, fo it may be admitted to have
a Place in the Flower-garden, where
it will thrive in almoft any Soil or
Situation; therefore this may be
planted in fuch Places, where few
better Plants will grow.

It is chiefly propagated by parting
the Root: the beft time for doing
of this is in O&ober, when the Leaves
are decayed: this fhould not be done
oftener than every.other Year; be-
caufe when they are too often re-
moved, or the Roots parted too
{mall, they will not produce many
Flowers; nor will the Flowers be
near jo large.

The fecond Sort multiplies fo fait,
as to fpread over the Beds where
they are planted very foon; there-
fore is feldom allowed to havea Place
in- good Gardens; but in large
Wildernefs-quarters, and other fhady
Places, they may be planted to hide -
the Ground ; for this will grow well
under Trees; and in fuch Places
this Plant will add to the Variety.

The Flowers of both thefe Sorts
are of very fhort Duration: they |
open early in the Morning, and by
Noon they begin to decay ; and be-
tore the Evening they are quite wi-
thered, and do not open again; from
whence they had the Name of Day-
lily: if the Floweis of the fecond
Sort are handled, there will be a

Rr 3 fine

a ee

fine Copper-colour come off, which
_ will colour the Hands and Face :
and fome unlucky People advife Per-
fons, who ate ignorant of this, to
fmell to the Flower ; in the doing
of which, their whole Face will be
dyed of a Copper-colour.

The Savoy Spiderwort, or, as the
French call it, St. Bruno’s Lily, is a
Plant of humbler Growth than either
of the former: this Sort flowers
earlier in the Year: the Leaves of
this Sort are fomewhat like thofe of
the Spiderwort ; and pretty firm,
and grow upright : the Flower-ftalks
grow about a Foot high, and have
feveral white Flowers at the Top,
fhaped like thofe of the Lily, which

hang on oneSide, and have an agree-—

able Scent: thefe are but of fhort
Duration, feldom continuing in
Beauty above two or three Days;
but when the Plants are ftrong, they
will produce eight or ten Flowers
upon each Stalk; fo they makea
good Appearance while they laft.
This Sort is ufvally propagated
by parting the Roots: Autumn is
the beft Seafon for doing this Work,
as it alfo is for tranfplanting of the
Roots ; for when they are removed
' Gn the Spring, they feldom flower
the fame Year; or, if they do, it
is. but weakly: thefe Plants fhould
‘pot be tranfplanted oftener than
every third Year, when the Roots
may be parted to make an Increafe
‘of the Plants; but they fhould not
be divided too fmall; for if they
are, it will be two Years before
they flower: this Sort delights in
a light loamy Soil; and in an open
Expofure; fo muft not be planted
under the Drip of Trees: but if they
are planted to an Eaft Afpett, where
they siay be protected from the
Sun in the Heat of the Day, they
will continue in Beauty longer than
when they are more expofed. ©

4

; The Species ares

“ble Liverwort. &

/

HE |
HEMIONITIS, Moonfern.
This is a Plant which is feldomt

propagated in Gardens; therefore I

fhall not trouble the Reader with

any Account of it more than this
that whoever hath a mind to cul-
tivate it, may fee full DireCtions for
that Purpofe under the Article Lin)
gua Cervina, to which this Plant is
nearly allied, and delights im they

fame Situation and Culture. ‘a
HEPATICA, Noble Liverwort. ©

The Chara&ers are ; q

The Root is fibrofe and perennial:
the Leaf confifts of three Lobes grow-
ing on a Pedicle, which arifes from
the Root: the Pedicle of the Flower
is nakcd and fingle, arifing from thé

Root: the Cup of the Flower is, for

the moft part, compofed of one Leaf,

aubich is fometimes cut into three or four

decp Divifions: the Flower confifts o

many Leaves, which expand in form

of a Rofe: the Fruit is globular, con=

Sifing of one fingle Cell, which is cure”

wated, as in the Leffer Celandine.

1. Hepatica’ trifalia, caerulea”
frore. Cluf. The fingle blue Hepa-~
tica, or Noble Liverwort. 5

2. Hepatica frifolia, flore ca=
ruleo pleno. Cluf. The double blue~
Hepatica, or Noble Liverwort. ;

3. Hepatica ¢rifclia, flore albd”
fimplici. Boerh. ind. The fingle white”
Hepatica, or Noble Liverwort. ~

4. Hepatica trifolia, rubro flores
Cluf. Single red Hepatica, or No=

5. Herarica trifolia, flore rubra)
pleno. Berh. Ind. Double-red, oF
peach-colour’d Hepatica. . =

Thefe Plants are fome of thé
greatelt Beauties of the Spring : theif”
Flowers are prodaced in@Februa yo
and March in great Plenty, befor |
the green Leaves appear, and ma a
a very beautiful Figure in the Bor-

| +e ae Me

HE

monly continue a Fortnight longer
in Flower than the fingle Kinds, and
the Flowers are much fairer. I have
feen the double white Kind often
mentioned in Books, but could ne-
wer fee it growing; tho’ I don’t
know but fuch a Flower might be
obtained from Seeds of the fing!le
white, or blue Kinds. I have fome-
times known the double blue Sort
produce fome Flowers in Autumn
which were inclining to White; and
“thereby fome People have been de-
ceived, who have procured the Roots
at that Seafon, and planted them in
_ their Gardens ; but the Spring fol-
lowing their Flowers were blue, as
before : and this is a common thing
when the Autumn is fo mild as to
caufe them to flower. But whether
the double- white Sort, mentioned
in the Books, was only this acci-
dental Alteration in the Colour of
the Flower, I can't fay; tho’ it feems
very probable it was, fince I never
could hear of any Perfon who ever
faw the double white Sort flower in
the Spring.
The fingle Sorts produce Seeds

every Year, whereby they are eafily

propagated ; and alfo new Flowers
May be that way obtained. The
beft Seafon for fowing of the Seeds

is in the Beginning of 4ugu/), either |

in Pots or Boxes of light Earth,
which fhould be placed fo as to have
only the morning Sun, until Oc?ober,
when they fhould be removed into
the full Sun, to remain during the
Winter-feafon: but in March, when
the young Plants will begin to ap-
pear, they muft be removed again to
a fhady S‘tuation, and in dry Wea-
ther fhould be frequently watered ;
and abou the Beginning of dugu/
they will be fit to be tranfplanted :
at which time you fhould prepare a
Border, facing the Eaft, of good
‘

re ‘
“ - I .

“cially the double Sorts, which com-

SOT ee? Ce ea | woe wre oye

frefh loamy Earth, into which you
fhould remove the Plants, placing
them at about fix Inches Dittance
each Way, clofing the Earth pretty
faft to their Roots, to prevent the —
Worms from drawing them out of
the Ground, which they are very
apt to do at that Seafon ; and in the
Spring following they will begin to
fhew their Flowers: but it will be
three Years before they flower ftrong,
and till then you cannot judge of
their Goednefs; when, if you find
any double Flowers, or any ofa dif-
ferent Colour from the common
Sorts, they fhould be taken up, and
tran{planced into the Borders of the
Flower-garden, where they fhould
continue at leat two Years before
they are taken up, or parted; for
it is remarkable in this Plant, that
where they are often removed and
parted, they are very fubject to die ;
whereas, when they are permitted to |
remain undifturbed for many Years, || —
they will thrive exceedingly, and
become very large Roots,

The double Flowers, which never |)
produce Seeds, are propagated by
parting their Roots, which fhould |
be done in March, at the time when |
they are in Flower: but you fhould
be careful not to feparate them into
very {mall Heads ; nor fhould they
be parted oftener than every third
or fourth Year, if you intend to have |
them thrive, for the Reafon before ti
given. They delight in a ftrong |
loamy Soil, and in an Eattern Po- [7
fition, where they may have only |
the morning Sun; tho’ they will 7)
grow in almolt any Afpedt, if they |).
are planted in ftrong moilt Ground, |
and are never injured by Cold. Mh
HEPATORIUM. Vide Eupa-
torium. : ; : , ie

HEPTAPHYLLUM, Vide Pena!)
taphyllam,

Rr 4 ‘HEI M

HE

HERACLEUM. Vide Spondy-

jum, ovd Panax.

_ HERBA GERARDI. Vide An-
. gelica fylveftris minor.
HERBA PARIS. Vide Paris.

HERMANNIA.

The CharaGers are;

The Cup of the Flower confifts of
one Liaf, which refembles a Bladder,
and is cut inio five Segments: the
Flower confifis of five Leaves, the

bowermoft of which are narrow, but

having a pentangular Owary in the
Centre, which is furrounded by five
Stamina, ard if afterward turn'd
to a five-corner'd long Tube.

The Species are ;

t. Hermannia frutefcens, folio
oblonzo ferrato latiori. Boerh. Ind.
Shrubby Hermannia, with a broader
oblong ferrated Leaf.

z. HERMANNIA fratefcens, folto
grffulariz parvo hirfuto. Boerb.
Ind. Sorubby Hermannia, with a
{mall hairy Goofberry-leaf.

ibifti hirfuto molli, caule pilofo. Boerh.
Ind. Shraubby Hermannia, with a
foft hairy Marfhmallow-leaf, and a
woolly Stalk.

4. Hermannia frutefceus, folio
oblongo ferrato. Tourn. Shrubby
Hermannia, with an oblong ferrated
Leaf...

§. Hermannia fratefeens, folio
eblengo molli cordato hirfuto. Boerb.
ind,. Shrubby Hermannia, with a
foft oblong hairy heart-fhaped Leaf.

6. Hermawnia /frutefcens, folio
multifide tenut, caule rubro. Boerh.
Ind. alt. Shrubby Hermannia, with
a narrow. multifid Leaf, and a red
Stalk.

HenmAnnta frutefeens, folio

ify ee ieee latiorl! (F cbtufo, fiore

porwo aures. Boerh. Ind.alt. Shrubby

the upper ones are broad, and twifted,

3. Hermannia frutefcen:, folio

Hermannia, with a broad blant La-

verider-leaf, and a fmall golden
Flower.’ ‘a
All thefe Sorts of eatin ate
Natives of the Cape of Good Hope,
from whence they have been brought
into the European Gardens,
_ The fourth Sort is the moft com- |
mon in Furope, and was the firft
known in the Gardens: this will
grow to the Height of eight or ten
Feet: the Branches generally grow ©
erect, and the Stem becomes woody : -
but the Flowers of this Sort, being
of a whitifh- green Colour, make
but little Appearance. .
The firft and fecond Sorts do-
not grow fo high as the other, and
fhoot their Branches more horizon-
tally. Thefe produce their Flowers
in fmall Spikes, from the End of ©
their Branches, which are of a yel- 7
low Colozr; and in the Month of |
April, when they flower, make a
fine Appearance in the Green-houfe. ©
The third, fifth, fixth,and feventh |
Sorts are yet of humbler Growth ©
than either of the other. Thefe fel- —
dom gtow above three Feet high, —
end put out many Branches on every ©
Side, fo as to form bufhy Heads. 7
The Flowers of thefe Sorts are pro- —
duced in very {mall Clufters, feldom 7
more than three growing together 5 my
but thefe continue much longer in |
Flower than any of the other Sorts; g
fo make an agteeable Variety among ©
other hardy Green-houfe Plants. i!
Thefe Plants are all propagated ©
by planting Cuttings of them during 9
any of the Summer-months, in a Bed 7
of frefh light Earth, obferving to”
water and ihade them until they ate®
weil rooted, which will be in-about 7
fix Weeks after planting; then you 7
fhould take them up, preferving ay
Ball of Earth to their Roots, and ~
plant them into Pots filled with frefh
light Earth, placing them in a fhady ©
: Situation

gation until they have taken frefh
oot ; after which they may be ex-
fed to the open Air, with Myrtles,
‘eraniums, &c. until the Middle
Latter-end of O@ober, when they
uft be removed into the Green-
pufe ; obferving to place them in
te cooleft Part of the Houfe, and
here they may have as much free
ir as poflible ; for if they are too
juch drawn in the Houfe, they will
Dpear very faint and fickly, and
Idem produce many Flowers ;
hereas, when they are only pre-
ved from the Froft, and havea
reat Share of free Air, they will
pear ftrong and healthy, and pro-
ace large Quantities of Flowers in
pril and May ; during which Sea-
m they make a very handfome
ew in the Green-houfe: they muft
\fo be frequently watered, and will

|

ice’ every Year, 7. e. in May and
eptember ; otherwife their Roots
vill be fo matted, as to prevent their
srowth.

| Thefe Plants rarely produce good
jeeds with us, except the fourth
ort, which ripens its Seeds every
ear in Exgland: but when they
e obtained from abroad, they muft
je fown upon a moderate Hot-bed ;
nd when the Plants come up, they
uft be tranfplanted into {mall
ots, and plunged into another very

jnote their’ Rooting ; after which
|hey muit be harden’d by degrees,
jo endure the open Air in Summer,
'nd may then be treated as the old
Plants. .

_HERMODACTYLUS, The
Hermodaétyl, commonly called '

Snakes-head Iris.
The CharaGers are;

icing of one Leaf, and fhaped exadtly
ke an Irs; but has a tuberofe Rect,

’ i

equire to be new potted at, leaft -

jnoderate Hot-bed, in order to pro- -

| It hath a lily foaped Flower, con-

HE
divided into tevo or three Dugs, like
oblong Bulbs.

We have but one Species of this
Plant; viz.

Hermopactytuvs folio quadran-

gulo. C. B. P. Snakes-head Iris,
vulgo. This is alfo called ris tu-
berofa Belgarum; i.e. The tube-
rofe Iris of the Dutch.
_ This Plant is eafily propagated
by its Tubers, which fhould be taken
off foon after the green Leaves de-
cay, which is the proper Seafon for
tranfplanting the Roots; but they
fhould not be kept long out of the
Ground, left they fhrink ; which
will caufe them to rot when they
are planted. They fhould havea
loamy Soil, not too ftrong; and mutt
be planted to an Eaft Afpeét, where
they will flower very well. Thele
Roots fhould not be removed oftener
than once in three Years, if you
defign to increafe them; but then
they fhould be planted at a farther
Diitance from each other, than if
they were to remain but one Year;
and the Beds fhould be kept clear
from Weeds, and at Michaclmas
there fhould be fome fine Earth laid
over the Beds, which will greatly
ftrengthen their Roots. The Diftance
which thefe Plants fhould be allowed
is fix Inches fquare ; and they fhould
be placed four Inches deep in the
Ground. ‘Thefe produce their
Flowers in May, and their Seeds are
ripe in 4uguf? ; but as they multiply
pretty fait by their Roots, few People
are at the Trouble of raifing them
from Seeds ; but thofe who have an
Inclination fo to do, muft treat them
in the manner directed for the bulb-
ous Iris’s.

The Roots of this Plant are very
apt torun deep into the Ground,
and then they feldom produce
Flowers ; and many times they
fhoot fo dcep as to be loft, efpecially

where

Bete ot ee

where the Soil is very light : there-
fore, to prevent this, it will be pro-
per to lay a Thicknefs of Rubbifh
under the Border, where thefe are
planted, to hinder them from getting
down. This fhould always be prac-
tifed in light Ground ; but in ftrong
Land there will be no Occafion to
make ufe of this Precaution ; be-
caufe they do not fhoot downward fo
freely in that.

This Plant has by fome Botanic
Writers been fuppos’d the true Her-
modactyl ; but what has been long
ufed in Europe for that is the Root
of a Colchicum.

HERNANDIA, Jack-in-a-Box,

wulgo.
The CharaGers are ;

It hath a feort multifid Spreading
bell-haped Flower, er a rofaceous
Flower, confsfiing of Several Petals,
avbich are placed in a circular Order;
thefe are fome of them barren, and
others are fertile: the Cup of the
Flower afterward becomes an almoff
Spherical Fruit, which is fwelled and
perforated, containing a frriated
roundife Nut.

We have but one Specivs of this
Plant; which is,

Hernannia amplo hedere folio
— ginbilicato.: Plum. UWernandia with
a large umbilicated Ivy-leaf, com-
monly call’d in the Weft- Indies, Jack-
-in-a-Box.

This Plant is very common in
Famaica, Barbados, St. Chriftophers,
and many other Places in the W</-
dndies; where it is known by the
Name of Jack-in-a-Box. The Frait
of this Plant, when ripe, is perfo-
rated; and the Nut in the Infide be-
‘comes hard: fo that when the Wind
» blows through the Fruit, it makes a
_whiftling Noife, which may be heard
ata Diftance; from whence, I fup-
pote, the Inhabitants gave this Name
to the Plant. - dt grows in the Gul-

Ss peti sn

HE
lies, where there are Rills of | V
ter.

In Exrope this Plant is preter
curious Gardens, with other ten
Exotic Plants. It is propagated”
fowing the Seeds on an Hot-bee
the Spring ; and when the Pla
come up, they muft be planted it
feparate Pots, and plunged into
Hot-bed again; and afterward &
be treated in the fame manner’
other tender Exotic Plants, alw,
keeping them in the Bark-ftove.

The beit time to fhift thefe Pla
isin Fuly, that they may be well re
ed before the Cold approaches ; |
the Wintes-feafon they fhould h
a moderate Share of Heat, and
the Summer they muft have ple
of Air in hot Weather. With ¢
Management the Plants will groy
the Height of fixteen Feet, or
and the Leaves, being very lar
will makea beauciful Appearance
the Stove.

This Plant hath not as yet flow
ed in England, though we may
pect fome of the large Plants”
flower in a fhort time.

HERNIARIA, Rup: urewort, if

The CharaGers are; ‘

The Calyx is quadrifid, or, il b
mofi part, guinguejid, and expan
form of a Star, having five Stam
in the Centre: the Fruit ( web
grows on the Bottom of the Flu
becomes a membranaceous furre w
round Capfule, which is divided tii f
eight Cells, each of hich con iia
one fall pointed Seed. 5

The Speczes are ; I

1 Heeniaria glabra. Fal
Smooth Rupturewort. ae

2. Herniaria birfata. Jad
Rough or hairy Rupturewort, a

3 HERNIARIA abfines folio. Tours
Rupturewort with a Chickw ee
leaf. a

4. enaeaee eee witich 4

lign v

+ f

>=

|
4
«|

OE NO ee ———e Se ee

‘
\

ort, with woody Branches.

Thefe Plants are feldom cultiva-
d but in Botanic Gardens, for the
e of Variety : the three firft are,
r the moft part, anual Plants, fel-
m continuing longer than one
ear ; and muit be permitted to fhed
eir Seeds, whereby they are bet-
preferv’d than if fown with Art.
he fourth Sort is an abiding Plant,
hich may be propagated by Cut-
ngs: but as they are Plants of no
eauty, they are not worth cultivate-

“The firft Sort is what fhould be
fed in the Shops, but is rarely feen
London; the Herb-women com-
only bringing the Parfley Break-
one to the Markets, which is fold
ftead of this Plant.
HESPERIS, Dame’s-violet, Roc-
et, or Queen’s Gilliflower.
"The Charafers are;
— The Flower confifts, for the moft
art, of four Leaves, which expand
n form of a Crofs: out of the Flower-
‘up arifes the Pointal, which becomes
a long taper cylindrical Pod, which is
livided into two Cells by an interme-
late Partition, to which the imbri-
ated Values adhere on both Sides, and
ate furnifbed with oblong, cylindrical,
r globular Seeds.

The Species are ;

1. Hesperis hortenfis, flore pur-
bureo. C. B. P. Garden Dame’s-vio-
et, with a purple Flower, or fingle
purple Rocket.

2. Hesperis hortenfis, fore candi-
do. C.B.P. Garden Dame’s-vio-
let, with a white Flower, or fingle
white Rocket. ©

3. Hesperis fylveftris inodora.
C. B.P. Unfavoury wild Dame’s-
violet, — .

4. Hesperis hortenfis, fore varie-
gato. Fefficu. Garden Dame’s-violet,
with a variegated Flower.

mofis. C.B. Shrubby Ruptare-

5. Hesperis hortenfis, flore pur=
pureo pleno. H. R. Par. Garden
Dame’s-violet, with a double purple
Flower, commonly call’d Double
purple Rocket.

6. Hesperis hortenfis, flore albo
pleno. H. R. P. Garden Dame’s-vio-
Jet, with a double white Flower, or
double white Rocket.

7. HesPeris hortenfis, flore varia
pleno. H. R. Par. Garden Dame’s-
violet, with a variable Flower.

8. HEsPER!Is maritima /upina exi«
gua. Tourn. Low maritime Dame’s-
violet.

9. Hesperis montana pallida odo-
ratifima. C.B.P. Pale mountain
Dame’s-violet, with. a very {weet
Smell.
_ 10. HEsPERIS maritima angufii-
Solia incana. Inff. R. H. Dwarf an-
nual Stock, fometimes call’d Virgi-
nia Stock.

11. Hesperis folits multifidis,
Flor. Leyd. Annual Dame’s-violet,
with fmall white Flowers, and Leaves
finely cut.

12, Hespertis lutea, fliguis firi-
Giffimis. Inft. R..H. Yellow Dame’s-
violet, with very narrow Pods. _

13. Hesperis allium redolens.
Mor. Hifi. Dame’s-violet f{melling
like Garlick, commonly. call’d
Sawce-alone, or Jack-by-the-Hedge.

14. Hespertis leucoii folio ferrato,
filiqua quadrangula: Infi. R. H.
Dame’s-violet with a Wallflower-
leaf, and a {quare Pod.

15. Hesreris maritima latifolia,
Ailiqua tricufpidi. Inf. R. H. Broad-
leay’d maritime Dame’s-violet, with
a three-pointed Pod.

The feven firft-mention’d Sorts are
abiding Plants, and may be propa-
gated by parting their Roots in 4u-
guf, efpecially thofe with double
Flowers, which never produce Seeds;
but the fingle Kinds are better pro-
pagated by fowing their Seeds in

March,

SERA ET Se ones

March, which will produce ftronger
Plants than thofe obtained from Off-
fets. The Heads, which are divi-
ded, fhould be weil furnifhed with

- Roots, otherwife they are very fub-
- ye& to mifcary : nor fhould the old

Roots be feparated into very {mall
Heads, which would occafion their
flowering weak the fucceeding Sea-
fon. The Soil in which thefe Plants
fhould be planted, ought to be freth,
and inclining to a fandy Loam ; but
fhould not be mixed with Dung,
which often caufes the Roots to rot:
but if you bury fome rotten Wood-
pile Earth, or very rotten Tanners
Bark, juft deep enough for their
Fibres to reach it, the Plants will
thrive exceedingly, and produce great
Quantities of very large fair Flow-
ers, as I have feveral times experi-
enc’d: but if this fhould be fo thal-
low as to touch the main Roots, ’tis
ten to one if they don’t rot away ;
which is very often the Cafe with
thefe Flowers, when they are plant-
ed ina rich dung’d Soil. The double
white Rocket is by far the moft beau-
tiful Plant of all the Kinds, the
Flowers of which are as large and
double as the faireft double Stock-
gilliflower : it was formerly planted
in great Plenty in the Gardens near
London, to fupply the Markets with
Flowers for Bafons; for which Pur-

-pofe there is not any Plant better ad-
_ apted, and will continue in Beauty

for a long time: but of late Years
thefe Plants have not fucceeded fo
well as formerly, which may be ow-

- Ing to the dunging of the Soil; for

it is obfervable, that in frefh Ground,
which has not been till’d, thefe Plants
fucceed beit. The fingle Kinds have
very little Beauty in them, when
compar’d with the double, and are
therefore feldom cultivated in Gar-

_ Gens: but as they are much hardier

than the double, and will thrive ina

HE |
fhady Border, they may be admitted
for Variety. Thefe all produce theiz
Flowersin May,and the fingle Kind:
will perfect their Seeds in Auguff
which, if fuffer’d to fhed upon the
Ground, will come up very well, anc
fave the Trouble of fowing them. —

The eighth, eleventh, fourteenth,
and fifteenth Sorts are low annuaf
Plants of little Beauty ; fo are {ele
dom preferved ‘but in Botanic Gar-
dens. Thefe may be fown either i
the Spring or Autumn, upon a Bor
der of light Earth, where they are
to remain; for they do not bea
tranfplanting well. The autumnal
Piants will grow much ftronger than
thofe which are fown in the Spring
and if the Seeds of thefe are iufferg
ed to fcatter when they are ripe, the
Plants will come up, and require no
other Culture, but to keep them
clear from Weeds. :

Thé- twelfth Sort is an abiding
Plant; but, having no Beauty, is
feldom allowed a Place in Gardens. —

The thirteenth Sort grows wild by
the Sides of Ditches, and in fhady
Woods, in moft Parts of Exgland 5
and being of late much ufed in Mes”
dicine, I have inferted it here. It is”
2 biennial Plant, which perifhes foon
after the Seeds are ripe. _—

The eleventh Sort is a very low”
Plant, which may be fown for Edge”
ings, or in Patches on the Borders of ©
the Pleafure-garden, as the Dwarf
Lychnis, Venus-looking-glafs, and
other low annua! Piants, are ufually”
cultivated to embellith the Botders
in Autumn, after moit other Flow-
ers are paft: for which Purpofe this
Sort is juftly efteemed. The See
may be fown in April or May, t
flower late. But the Method to have
this Plant in the greateft Perfection
is, to fow the Seeds in {mall Patches:
in the Borders under warm Walls in
Augufi, which will come up ; 000

7 after, |

ta
5 UE
ad
a.

A
a

H I
fter, and the Plants will .get
trength enough to endure the Cold ;
nd in the Spring following thefe
ill produce much larger Flowers
han thofe which come up in the

pring. ee a

The ninth Sort is a biennial Plant,
eldom continuing longer than two
ears : this muft be propagated by
owing the Seeds in the mannet di-
e€ for the firft Sorts, and the fe-
ond Year the Plants will flower ;
hich if you intend to preferve,
ou muft cut of moft of the Flower-
ems, before the Flowers decay ;
which will eccafion the Roots to put
out new Heads, if they are found,
thereby they may be often con-
tinued two or three Years.

The Flowers of this Sort are
ery {mall, and of a white Colour;
fo make no great Appearance ;_ but
they have a very agreeable Scent in
the Night, fo that many Perfons cul-
tivate it in their Gardens; and fome
plant them in Pots, to place in their
Rooms in the Evening, for the fake
of its Fragrancy. |

HIBISCUS, Vifcous-feeded Mal-
low.

_ This Title was formerly applied
to the:Marfh-mallow; but the Title
of Althea having been more gene-
tally applied to that Genus, by the
modern Botaniits, this of Hrbi/cus
has been difufed, till Dr. Linnvus
applied it to this Genus: but to this
he has added Tournefort’s Genus of
Ketmia; which, if the Fruification
be admitted as a Character, will by
‘ho means agree with this.

_ The Chara@ers are;

The Flower is of the malvaceous
Kind: the Petals are twifled at the
Bottom, and clofely embrace the Co-
lumn, which is in the Centre: there
és a double Empalement to the Flower,
the outer being compos d of feveral
marrow Leaves but the inner is of

H I
one Leaf, cut at rhe upper Part into
Jive Segments: the Pointal afterward
changes to a roundifo Fruit, having
five Cells, each containing a fingle
Seed, and the whole Fruit inclofed
with a foft pulpy Flefh like a Berry.

We know but one Species of this
Genus; viz.

Hirziscus folsis cordatis crenatis,
angulis lateralibus folitariis parwis.
Lin. Hort. Cliff: Malvarifcus, ‘or
vilcous-feeded Mallow.

This grows to the Height of
twelve or fourteen Reet in Exg/and;
but in Famaica, and other Parts of
the Wf- Indies where it isa Native,
it grows to bea large Shrub upward
of twenty Feet high.

Toward the Extremity of the
Branches, the Flowers come out
fingly, from the Footftalk of the
Leaves : thefe are of a. fine fcarlet
Colour ; but the Petals of the Flow-
ers being twiited, they never ex-
pand, but are fhut ap, and clofely
embrace the Column of Stamixa,
which is ftretched out beyond the
Petal of the Flower: after the
Flower is paft, the Pointal changes
to aroandifh pulpy Berry of a red
Colour, inclofing ‘the Seed-veflel.

This Plant may be eafily propa-
gated by planting Cuttings, during
any of Summer-months, in Pots
filed with light rich Earth, and
plunged into a moderate Hot-bed,
where they muit be fhaded from the
Sun in the Heat ef the Day, until
they have taken Root; which, if
they are duly watered, will be in
fix Weeks after planting; and in
about a Month after, the Cuttings
will have mace fufficient Root to be
tranfplanted ; when they fhould be
each planted into a feparate Pot *
fill'd with light Earth, and placed
in the Shade until they have taken,
frefh Root.

The

Hl

The Plants of this Sort muft be
placed in a Stove in the Winter,
where they may enjoy a temperate
Warmth, in which they will thrive,
and produce Flowers, moft Part of
the Winter, and the Spring; and
fometimes the Fruit will ripen well
in Exgland: in the Summer thefe
fhould be placed abroad in a warm
Situation; and although they will
not grow much while they are
abroad, yet they will be in better
Condition for flowering in the Win-
ter, than when they remain in the
Stove all the Summer ; becaufe they
are apt to draw, and produce weak
Shoots; and the Leaves are fubjeét
to exude a fweet clammy Dew,
which their whole Surfaces are co-
vered with; and this draws Num-
bers of Infects, which infeft both
Leaves and Shoots, and thereby
ftints the Growth of the Plants,
and renders them unfightly: bat this
rarely happens to thofe Plants which
are placed in the open Air.

If this Plant is propagated by
Seeds, they fhould be fowa upon a
good Hot-bed in the Spring; and

when the Plants are ftrong enough
to remove, they fhould be each
_ planted into a feparate Pot, and
plunged again into the Hot- bed, to
facilitate their taking frefh Root ;
and then they mutft be treated in the
fame manner, as thofe which are
raifed from the Cuttings. As this
- Plant flowers in the Winter apd
Spring, fo at thofe Seafons it makes a
good Appearance in the Stoveamong
other tender Plants:

HIERACIUM, Hawkweed.

- The Charaders are;

The Stalks are branched and flender:
the Leaves are produced alternately :
the Cup of the Flower is fbort, frm,
and expanded: the Flower confijis of
many Leaves, which are placed in an

H I

orbicular Order, and open in form of q
Marigold: the Seeds are flender
angular, or furrowed: to which ma
be added, The whole Plant hath
milky Sad

The Species are ;

HigRACIUM murorum, fi
pileffi mo. C. B. P. Golden H
weed, with hairy Leaves. 4

z. Hieracium Pyrenaicum, foi
cerinthes, latifolium. Schol. Bot. P
renean Hawkweed, with a bre
Honeywort-leaf.

3- Hizracium folio dentis leonis
Flore fuave-rubente. C, B.P. RB i
flowered Hawkweed, with Dz
lion-leaves.

4. Hieracium Janatum, Soul
vel erigerontis facie. H. L. Do
Hawkweed, with the Face of Som :
thiftle or Ground(el. |

5. Hieracium medio-nigrum Be
ticum majus. Par. Bat. Greatet
Spanifo Hawkweed, with yellow
Flowers, having black Bottoms. —

6. Hieracium medio-nigrum Be
ticum majus, flore fulphureo. Gree t

:

Spanifo Hawkweed, with brimftodl
colour’d Flowers, having black Bot.
toms.

7. Hieracium barlatum medi
nigrum minus. H.L. Leffler fa
weed, with yellow Flowers, havin
black Bottoms.

8. Higracium ladifolium pil b
fum coccineum umbellatum Indicum
H.L. Froad-leav’d Indian Ha vk:
weed, with fcarlet Flowers grown
in an Umbel.

g Hieracium Jongtus padicall
Ger. Emac. Long-rooted Haale
weed. +

10. Higracium minus, premorf
radice. Park. Hawkweed
bitten Roots, or yellow Devil’s-bit.

roe ‘Hieracium primum latifo
lium. Cluf. Broad-leav’d Hungari t
Hawkweed.

ta

12.

Hi

Hreracium /ruticofum Jati-
birfutum, C. B. Bufhy Hawk-
eed, with broad rough Leaves.
}13. Hieracium fruticofum
tifolium glabrum. Park. Theat.
moother broad-leay’d bufhy Hawk-
eed. ;

14. Hieracium fraticofum an-
upifolium majus. C. B. Narrow-
fav’d buthy Hawkweed.

(15. Hieractum pulmonaria di-
jum, anguflifolium. Raii Syn. Nar-
ow-leav’d Hawkweed, commonly
alled Golden Lungwort.

16. Hivracium macrocaulon hir-
tum, folio rotundiore. D. Lawyfon.
ound-leav’d rough Hawkweed,
ith a tall Stalk. eee,

17. Hieracium birfutum, folio
mgiore. D..Lawfon. Slender-
alk’d rough Hawkweed, with a
onger Leaf.’

| a8. Hreracium murorum lacinia-
mm minus pilofum. C. B. Golden
uungwort, with more jagged Leaves.
1g. Hteracium murorum, folio
ngiore diffedo, maculis ividis a/per fo.
aill. Mem. Acad. Scien. Long cut-
eay’d Golden Lung-wort, with {pot-
ed Leaves.

! 20.:Hisracium cafforet odore,
onfpelienfium. Raii Syn. Hawk-
weed of Montpelier, {melling like
aftor. ’

} 21. Hueracium /uteum glabrum,
ive minus birfutum. 7. B. Smoother
vellow Hawkweed.

) 42.

cory-leav’d mountain Hawkweed.

| 23. Hieracium maximum, chon-
drille folio, afperum. C. B. The
greateft rough fuccory-leav’d Hawk-

24. Hisracium echioides, capi-

eed like Vipers Buglofs, with
Heads like the Blefled Thiitle, com-
monly called Ox-tongue.

Wulis cardui benedi@i. C. Bo Hawk-

HI

25. Hicracium pulmonaria &-
Gum latifolium bumilius, ramulis ex-
panfis. AG. Phil. N. 417. Dwarf
branching Hawkweed, with bread
Leaves.

26. Hreracium Sabaudum altifi-
mum, foliis latis brewibus crebrius na-
Scentibus. Mor. Hif?, Talleh Sawop
Hawkweed, with fhort broad
Leaves, | |

27. Hieracium fruticofum, arx-
gufiifimo incuno folio. H.L. Buthy
Hawkweed, with very narrow heary
Leaves.

28. Higracium Pyrenaicum re-
tundifolium amplexicaule. Inf. R. H.
Round-leav’d Pyrenean Hawkweed
whofe Leaves embrace the Stalks. "

23. Higracium murorum, folsis
maculis (f lituris atro-rubentibus
pulchre variegatis, Vaill. Mem. Acad.
Scien. Hawkweed whofe Leaves
are beautifully marked with dark-
red Spots. |

30. Hieracium fruticofum lati-
folium, foliis dentatis, glabrum,
C, B. Broad-leav’d bufhy Hawk-
weed, with {mcoth indented Leaves.

31. Hieracium magnum Daic-
champit, folio minus laciniato. Greater
Hawkweed of Dalcchamp, with lefs
cut Leaves.

32. Hieracium megnum Dale-
champii, Solio majus laciniato. Greater
Hawkweed of Dalechamp, with more
cut Leaves.

The firft, ninth, tenth, eleventh
twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fif-
teenth, fixteenth, feventeenth, eigh-
teenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twen-
ty-firlt, twenty-fecond, twenty-third,
twenty-fourth, and twenty-fifth
Sorts grow wild in Exgland, but
particularly in the Northern Coun-
ties; fo are rarely introduced into
Gardens: but whoever hath a mind

to cultivate them,’ need only to fow

their Seeds, or tran{plant their Roots
into the Garden, where they wilj
thrive

Hil

thrive faft enough, in any Soil or
Situation: they are moft of them
abiding Plants.

The fecond, twenty-fixth, twenty-
feventh, twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth
and thirtieth Sorts are alfo abiding
Plants, which grow upon the A/ps
and Apennines; and are preferved
in the Gardens of fuch Perfons as
are curious in having a Variety of
Plants; but as there is little Beauty
in their Flowers, they are not much
cultivated in Exgland. |

The eighth Sort is an abiding
Plant, which produces Tufts of
fcarlet Flowers, which continue a
Jong time in Beauty; and being a
very hardy Plant, is frequently ad-
mitted into Gardens: this is fome
times called Grim the Collier, and
Gelden Moufe-ear.

The thirty-firft and thirty-fecond
Sorts grow wild in the South of
France, and in /taly; yet are hardy
enough to endure the Cold of our
ordinary Winters, very well in the
open Air. The Seeds of thefe Plants
fhould be fown in the Spring, on a
Bed of frefh undung’d Earth, where
they are defigned to remain, becaufe
_ they feldom “facceed when they are
tranfplanted. When the Plants are
come up, they fhould be cleared
from Weeds; and where they are
too clofe, they fhould be thinned,
leaving them about eight or ten
' Inches afunder. Some of thefe
Plants will flower the firft Year they
are fown; but thefe will not pro-
duce good Seeds ; but thofe which
live over the Winter wil! flower early
the following Summer; and, if the
Seafon proves favourable, will pro-
duce good Seeds in Augu/?. Thefe
Plants feldom continue longer than
two Years; fo that Seeds fhould be
annually fown, in order to preferve
their Kinds ; for as a slsey coatinue ip

HI
Flower the greateft Part of the Su
mer, they merit a Place in eve
good Garden. q
The other Sorts here mention
are annual Plants, which, for 4
Variety of their Flowers, deferve
Place in a Garden; thefe Plants
much ftronger, and produce a greate
Quantity of Flowers, when they at
raifed in Autumn, than thofe whie
are fown in the Spring ; and th
are fo hardy, as to endure the fe
vereft Cold of our Climate in
open Air, provided they are plantet
or fown upon a dry Soil; for too
much Wet is apt to rot them : ,
beft Seafon for fowing the Seeds i
in Auguft; and toward the latter E
of September the Plants will b
ftrong enough to tranfplant, whi¢
fhould be into the Borders whe ek
they are to remain for Flowering i
thefe will produce their Flowers ii
May, and their Seeds will be ripe
Fuly; which, if fuffered to “|
|

,
ee rcs = i ee el os Ss cs = ee |e —

i)

upon the Ground, will grow, ¢
fave the Trouble of fowing them

HIPPOCASTANUM, Hor fe
cheftnut. Pe

The Charafers are;

It hath digitated or finger
Leaves: the Flowers, which confif
of frve Leaves, are of an anomala
Figure, opening, as it were, wit
tewo Lips: there are Male, Female
and Hermaphrodite Flewins: upon the
fame Spike, which, when fully blow,
make a fpecious Shew, being always
produced at the Extremity of er
Branches: the Hermaphrodite Flow ar
ers are fuecceded by Nuts, which grow
in green prickly Hufks. 5

The Species are; x :

1. Hippocastanum vulgar "
Tourn.’ Common Horfe-cheftnut. _

2. Hirpocastanum valgat ‘
foliis ex luteo variegatis. The yer
low-blotch’d Horfe-cheftnut. a

3. Hier

HI

g. Huiprocasranum vulgare,
fis ex albo variegatis. The white-
tch’d Horfe-cheftnut.
[have here enumerated the two
ped-leav’d Kinds, which have
on by Accident obtained ; but thefe
; only occafioned by a Weaknefs.
the ['rees; for when either of
fe are budded or grafted upon
xcks of the plain-leay’d Kind, if
y take kindly, and fhoot freely,
»y will become plain : indeed, the
‘ipes in the Leaves of the Tree
ve more the Appearance of a Dif-
per, than in any other Sort of
ee; fo it is not worthy of being
opagated.

the Horfe-chefinut there feem
be two or three Varieties differing
the Breadth of their Leaves, and
e Colour of their Flowers, one of
jich hath its Flowers remarkably
rtted with Red and Yellow, fo as
be feen ata ‘great Diftance, and
fomewhat later in flowering.
hefe Trees were greatly in
ion fome Years ago; when the
renues to Houfes, and other fhady
alks, were commonly planted with
m: but there are few Sorts of
lees more unfit for this Purpofe ;
raufe their regular pyramidal
owth is obftructed, when they
d near each other; fo that the
nches will interfere on each fide
the Lines ; by which they will
prevented flowering : and as thefe
aves begin to decay by the End
yJuly, they make a very bad Ap-
wrance after that time; and by
ur Leaves falling, they occafion a
Jter for near three Months; upon
fe Accounts, this Tree has been
efteemed of late Years. —
‘But although it is not fo proper
planting of Avenues, as many
er Trees, yet it fhould not be
olly excluded from Gardens ;
vere, if they are properly difpofed,
Vou, Il,

HI

they have a very good Effect, efpe-
cially during their Continuance in
Flower. ‘Thefe fhould always be
planted fingly at a Diftance from
each other, or from any other Trees
for when they have full room to ex-
tend their Branches, they will form
a natural Parabola or Cone, fpread-
ing twelve Feet or more on, every
Side; and this, in the Compafs of
a few Years: and when they ftand
thus detach’d, every Shoot will pro-’
duce. a Spike of Flowers; fo that
the whole Tree will be covered with
Flowers, and make a goodly Shew.
This Tree is propagated by plant-
ing the Nuts early in the Spring,
after the manner as was direéted for
the common Cheftnut, to which-I
refer the Reader, to avoid Repeti-
tion: the Autumn following the
Plants may be tranfplanted into a
Nurfery, in Rows at three Feet
Diftance, and eighteen Inches afun-
der in the Rows, where they may
continue three Years ; after which
time they may be tranfplanted,
where they are to remain: the beft
Seafon for tran{planting thefe Trees
is in Autumn, or during any of the

-Winter-months, when other deci-

duous Trees are removed; for thie
Tree puts out early in the Spring.

In tranfplanting of thefe Trees,
we fhould never fhorten any of their
Branches ; but only cut off intire’P -
all fuch as are ill placed, or grow
irregular; for thefe Trees have ale
waysa large turgid Bud placed at the
Extremity of their Branches, in
which is inclofed the Sheot for the
fucceeding Spring; which Bud js of
‘great Service in attracting the Nou-
rifhment, and promoting the future
Growth of the Tree; and it is often
oblfervable, where their Branches are
fhortened, that there is produced a
glutinous Subftance, almoaft of the.
Confiftence of Turpeatine, which

often

HI
pfien occafions the Decay of thofe
particular B.anches, and fometimes
of the whole Tree
Thefe Trees have fomething
very iingular in their Growth, i. ¢.

that their whole Year’s Shoot is com-.

monly pesformed in three Weeks
time; after which, it does no more
than increafe in Bulk, and become
more firm and fubftantial ; and all
the latter Part of the Summer is oc-
cupied in forming and flrengthening
the Buds for the next Year’s Shoots.
There is a great Regularity in the
natural Growth of thefe Trees ;
their Under-branches being always
greatly extended; and the fucceed-
ing ones, decreafing gradually to the
Top, form a natural obtufe Pyra-
mid; which Regularity is by many
People greatly difliked, as appear-
ing too much like thofe artificial Py-
ramids, which were formerly fo
much eftzemed and cultivated on
ever-green Trees; but are now very
juftly defpifed by all curious Per-
fons : tho’ it muft be allowed, where
thefe Trees are rightly difpofed in
formiig of Clumps, &c. their coni-
cal Figure has a very good Effect, by
yendering fuch Plantations yery
agreeable to the Eye at fome Di-
fiance, efpecially when the under
Parts of the Trees are hid from
Sight by other Trees, which fur-
ound them.

' Thefe Trees were originally
brovght from Confantinople into
Europe. "the Laurel and the Horfe-
cheftnut were made Denizens of
England, at the fame time, which
was about the Year 1610. but altho’
they are Natives of fo warm a Coun-
try ; yet they are now fo inur’d to
the Cold, as to defy the fevereit of
our Winters, and grow to: be very
large I'rees, and produce great Quan-
tities of Nats annually ; from which
they may be multiplied at Pieafure.

HO Ls
The Fruit of this Tree is very bitter;
and of no Ufe amongft us at prefent;,
but in 7urky they give them to Horfes, ~
in their Provender, that-are Pec ey
with Coughs, or fhort-winded, in —
hoth which Diftempers they are fup-
poied to be very good.

HIPPOLAPATHUM. Vide Lae

athuia. ’ :

HIPPOSELINUM. Vide Smyr-
nium.

HIRUNDINARIA. Vide Af.
clepias.

HOLLOW-ROOT. Fide Fu-
maria.

HOLLY-HOCKS. Vide Malva
rofea.

HOLLY. Vide Aquifolium.

HONEYSUCKLE. Vide Capris
folium. :

HOPS. Vide Lupulus.

HORDEUM, Barley.

The CharaGers are ;

It hath a thick Spike: the Calyx,
Hufk, Awn, and Flower, are like thofe
of Wheat or Rye; byt the Aawns are
rough: the Seed is Seyelling in the
Middle, and, for the moft part, ends
in a harp Point, to which the Hufks
are clofely united.

The Species are;

1. Horveum diflichum. Ger.Com:
mon long-ear’d Barley. |

2 Horpeum polhfichum, vel by.
bernum. Park. Winter or fquare
Barley, or Bear Barley ; by fome
PPA cli Sac My Bri

3. Horpeum difichum, fpica bre
wiore €F latior?, granis , conferiis
Rait. Sprat Barley, or Battledore Bar
ley. |
Thefe are the Sorts of Barley
which are moft commonly cultivate.
near London ; but, belides thefe three
there are two other Sorts, which ar
cultivated in England; which ar
the Rath ripe, and Naked Barley
this lait is fometimes called Frenc
Barley: this makes tolerable goo

oe | Breac

Se =» et ht ai fa

= >

uw a

th

read, very good Malt, and yields

a large Increafe.

All thefe Sorts of Barley are fown
in the Spring of the Year, in a dry
Time; in fome very dry light Land,
the Barley is fown early in March ;
but, in ftrong clayey Soils, it is not

‘fown till Apri/, and fometimes not

until the Beginning of May; but
when it is fewn fo late, if the Sea-
fon doth not prove very favourable,
it is very late in Autumn before it is

“fit to mow, unlefs it be the rath-ripe
‘Sort, which is often ripe in nine

Weeks from the time of fowing.
The fquare Barley orBig is chiefly
cultivated in the North of Exgland,
and in Scot/and, and is hardier than
the other Sorts; but this is feldom

-fown in the South of Exg/and, tho’

\ > ceive the Wet.

it might be cultivated to good Pur-
pofe on fome frong cold clayey
Lands, where the other Kinds do
not thrive fo well.

Some People fow Barley upon
Land where Wheat grew the former
Year ; but whem this is pradtifed, the
Ground fhould be plowed the Be-
ginning of O&ober-in a dry time,
laying it in fmall Ridges, that the
Froft may mellow it the better ; and
this will improve the Land greatly :
then in March the Ground is plowed
again, asd laid even where it is not

- very wet; but in rong wet Lands

the Ground thould be laid round,
and the Furrews made deep to re-
When this is finifh-
ed, the Seed fhould be fown with a

- bread Caft at two Sowings : the firft
- being harrowed in ence, the fecond

.

fhould be harrewed until the Seed is
buried : the common Allowance of

- Seed is four Bufhels to an Acre.

'?
i

;
1 Rs

&

Te is a very common Fault with
Farmers to fow too much Grain of
all Sorts on their L-nd; not confi-

‘a dering, that if the Roots of Corn

Hand very clofe together, there will

HO

not be room for them to put out
many Stems; fo that frequently there
is not more than two or three Stalks
to a Root ; whereas, if the Roots were
farther diftant, there might be ten or
twelve, and, on good Land, many
more. I have counted upward of
feventy Stalks of Barley from one
Root, which was tranfplanted ina

Garden, where the Ground was

light, but not rich: and I am fatif-

fied by feveral Experiments, that

where Barley is fown early upon

light Ground, it fhould not be too

thick ; for if it is rolled two or three

times before it ftalks, the Roots, by

being preffed, will fioot out a great-

er Number of Stalks ; and it willnet

be fo liable te lodge with Wet, as

the Barley which is fown thick ; fo

muft confequently be drawn up much

taller, and have weaker Stalks.

When the Barley is fown, the
Ground fhould be rolled after the
firft Shower of Rain, to break the
Clods, and lay the Earth fmooth ;
which will render it better to mow,
and aifo caufe the Earth to lie clofer
to the Roots of the Corn, which will
be of great Service to it ia dry Wea-
ther.

Where Barley is fown upon new
broken-up Land, the ufual Method
is, to plow up the Land in March,
and let it lie fallow until Fume; at
whick time it is plowed again, and
fown with Turneps, which are eaten
by Sheep in Winter, by whofe Dung
the Land is greatly improved ; and
thenin March following the Ground
is plowed again, and fewn with
Barley, as before,

There are many People who fow

Clover with their Barley ; and fome

have fown the Lucern with Barley ¢
but neither of thefe Methods is to
be commended; for where there is
a good Crop of Barley, the Clover or
Lucern muft be fo weak as not to

S{-z “pay

HO

“ HORSE-CHESTNUT. Vide
Hippocaftanum. |

_ HORSE-DUNG is of great Ule
~ to make Hot-beds for the raifing all
Sorts of early Garden-crops, as Cu-
cumbers, Melons, .Afparagus, Sal-
Jading, yc. for which Purpofe no
other Sort of Dung will do fo well,
this fermenting the ftrongeft; and,
#f mix’d with long Litter, and Sea-
coal Afhes, in adue Proportion, will
continue its Heat much longer than
any other Sort of Dung whatfoever ;
and afterward, when rotted, be-
comes an excellent Manure for moit
Sorts of Lands, more efpecially for
fuch as are of acold Nature; and
for ftif clayey Lands, when mixed
with Sea-coal Afhes, and the Cleanf-
ings of London Streets, it will caufe
the Parts to feparate much fooner
than any other Compoft will do ; fo
that where it can be obtained in
Plenty, I would always recommend
the Ufe of it for fuch Lands.

HOT BEDS are of general Ufe
in théfe Northern Parts of Ezrope,
without which we could not enjoy
fo many of the Produéts of warmer
Climates as we do now; nor could
we have the Tables furnifhed with
the feveral Produ€&ts of the Garden,
during the Winter and Spring-
" sironths, as they are at prefent in moft
Parts of Exg/and, better than in any
other Country in Europe; for altho’
we cannot boaft of the Clemency of
our Climate, yet Exgland is better
furnifhed with all Sorts of efculent
Plants forthe Table, much earlier in
the Seafon, and in greater Quanti-
ties, than any of our Neighbours ;
which is owing to our Skill in Hot-
beds.

‘ The ordinary Hot-beds which are
commonly us’d in the Kitchen-gar-
dens, are made with new Horfe-
dung, in the following manner ;

1%, Provide a Quantity of new

HO
Dong from the Stable (in which
there fhould be Part of the Litter or
Straw whith is commonly ufed in
the Stable), in proportion to the
Length of the Bed intended ; which,
if early in the Year, fhould not be
lefs than one good Load for each
Light; this Dung fhoald be thrown
up in an Heap, mixing therewith a

- few Sea-coal Afhes, which will be of

Service to continue the Heat of the
Dung ; it fhould remain fix or feven
Days in this Heap ;-then it fhould
be turned over, and the Parts well
mixed together, and caft into an
Heap again, where it may continue
five or fix Days longer; by which

‘time it will have acquir’d a due

Heat: then in fome well-fheltered
Part of the Garden you muft dig out.
a Trench in Length and Width,
proportionably to the Frames you
intend it for; and, if the Ground
be dry, about a Foot, ora Foot and
an half deep; but if wet, not above
fix Inches ; then wheel the Dung in-
to the Opening, obferving to ftir
every Part of it with a Fork, and lay
it exactly even and fmooth thro’
every Part of the Bed; as alfo to
lay the Bottom-part of the Heap
(which is commonly free from Lit-
ter} upon the Surface of the Bed ;
this will prevent the Steam from rife-
ing fo plentifully as it would other-
wife do: and if it be defigned for a
Bed to plant out Cucumbers to re-
main for good, you muft make an
Hole in the Middle of each Light
about ten Inches over, and fix deep,
which fhould be fill’d with good frefh
Earth, thrufting a Stick into the Mid-
dle,to fhew the Place where the Hole
is intended ; then cover the Bed all
over with the Earth which was taken
out of the Trench about four Inches
thick, and cover it with the Frame,
letting it remain until the Earth be
warm, which commonly happens in
oO ghreg

a:

tired or four Days after the Bed is

HO

made; then you may place the Plants

therein, as is dire€ted for each Kind

under their proper Heads.
- But if your Hot-bed be defigned

for other Plants; there need be no

Holes ‘made in the Dung; but after

having {moothed the Surface with a
Spade, you fhould cover the Durig

‘about three or four Inches thick
“With good Earth, putting on the

Frames and Glaffes as before.

In the making of thefe Hot-beds,
it muft be carefally obferved to fettle
the Dung clofe with a Fork 3 and if
it be pretty full of long Litter, ic
fhould be equally trod down clofe in
every Part, otherwife it will be fub-

_ ject to heat too violently ; and con-

able to.

fequently the Heat will be much
fooner fpent, which is one of the
greateft Dangers this Bed may be li-

ten Days after the Bed is made, you
fhould cover the Glaffes bat flightly

~ im the Night, and in the Day-time
Carefully raifé them to let out the

Steam, which is fubjeét to rife very

copioufly while the Dung is ftefh:

but as the Hedt abates, fo the Co-
vering fhould be increafed ; other-
wife the Plants in the Beds will be
ftinted in their Growth; if not intire-
ly deftroyed. In order to remedy
this Evil, if the Bed be very cold,
you muft puta pretty good Quantity
of new hot Dung round the Sides of

it, which will add a freth Heat there-.
' to, and caufe it to continue 2 con-

fiderable time after; and as the

- Spring advances, the Sun wil! fup-
- ply the Lofs of the Dung’s Heat ;
- but then it will be advifeable to lay.

’

_- fome Mowings of Grafs round the

Sides of the Bed; efpecially if the
Nights fhould prove cold, as it of-

ten happens in-/Zay, which is many

* times, even at that Seafon, very hurt

_._ ful to tender Plants on Hot-beds.

~

During the firft Week or .

HO
But altho’ the Hot-bed I kaye dé: _
{cribed is what the Kitchen gardeh-
ers commonly ufe; yet thofe made
with Tanners Bark are mach more
preferable, efpecially for all tender
Exotic Plants or Fruits which re-
quire an even Degree of Warmth to
be continued for fevera! Montns ;
which is what cannot be fo well
effected by Horfe-dung. . The Man-
ner of making thefe Beds is as fol-
lows :
You muft dig a Trench in the
Earth about three Feet deep; if the
Ground be dry ; but if wet, it mut
not be above a Foot deep at moft;
and muft be raifed two eet above-
ground. The Length mutt be pro-
portion’d to the Frames intended to
cover it; but that fhould never be
lefs than eleven or twelve Feet, and
the Width not lefs than fix; whicl is
but a fufficient Body to couitiriue the
Heat. This Trench fhould be brick-
ed up round the Sides to the above-
mentioned Height of three Feet, and
fhould be fill’d in the Spring with
frefh Tanners Bark (7. ¢. fuch as
the Tanners have lately drawn out
of their Vats, after they have us’d it
for tanning Leather) which fhould be
laid ina round Heap for three or four
Days before it is put into the Trench;
that the Moifture may the better
drain out of it, which, tf detain’d in
too great a Quantity, will prevent
its Fermentation ; then put it into
the Trench, and gently beat it dowa
equally with a Deng-fork: but it
muft not be trodden; which would
alfo prevent its heating, by fetuing
it too clofe : then you muft put on
the Frame over the Bed, covering it
with the Glaffes; and in about ten
Days, or a Fortnight, it will begin to
heat ; at which time you may plun ze.
your Pots of Plants Or Seeds into it,
obfervirg not to tread dowa the
Bark in doing of it, wie
Sf A Bed

HO

_ A Bed thus prepared (if the Bark
be new, and not ground too fmall)
will continue in a good Temper of
Warmth for two or three Months ;
and when you find the Heat decline,
if you ftir up the Bark again pretty
deep, and mix a Load or twovof frefh
Bark amongft the old, it will caufe
it to heat again, and preferve its
Warmth two or three Months long-
er: there are many People who lay
fome hot Horfe-dung in the Bottom
of the Trench,under the Bark,tocaufe
it to heat: but this iswhat I would
never practife, unlefs I wanted the
Bed fooner than the Bark would heat
of itfelf ; and then I would put but a
fmall Quantity of Dung at Bottom ;
for that is fubject to make it heat too
violently, and will occafion its lofe-
ing the Heat fooner than ordinary ;
and there will never be any Danger
of the Bark’s heating, if it be new,
and not put into the ‘Trench too wet,
- tho’ it may fometimes be a Fortnight
or more before it acquires a fuflicient
Warmth ; but then the Heat will be
- more equal and lafting.

' The Frames which cover thefe
Beds fhould be propertion’d to the
feveral Plants they are defign’d to
' €ontain: for Example, If they are to
cover the 4zaza or Pine-apple, the
Back-part of the Frame fhould be
three Feet high, and the Lower-
part fifteen Inches, which will be a
- fafficient Declivity to carry off the
Wet ; and the Back-fide will be high
enough to contain the Plants that are
in Fruit, and the Lower-fide will be
fuficient for the fhorteft Plants ; fo
that, by placing them regularly ac-
~ @ording to their Height, they will
not oft!y havean equal Diitance from
the Glaffes, but alfo appear much
* handfomer to the Sight.. And altho’
many People make their Frames
‘deeper than what I have allotted,
yet lam fully perfuaded, thatwhere

_taller Plants, then the Frame muft

HO
there is but Height enongh to cont
tain the Plants, without bruifing
their Leaves, it is much better than
to allow a larger Space; for the
deeper the Frame is made, the lefs-
will be the Heat of the Air inclos’d
therein, there being no artificial
Warmth but what the Bark affords,
which will not heat a large Space of
Air:, and as the Pine-apple re-
quires to be conftantly kept very
warm, in erder to ripen the Fruit
well; fo it will be found, upon
Trial, that the Depth I have allow’d
will anfwer that Purpofe better than
a greater.

But if the Bed be intended for
be made in Depth proportionable
thereto: tho’ if it be for fowing of
Seeds, the Frame need not be above
fourteen Inches high at the Back,and
feven Inches deep in the Front, by
which means the Heat will be muck
greater; and this is commonly the
Proportion allow’d tothehrames com-

monly made ufe of in the Kitchen- |

gardens. As to their Length, that
is generally according to the Fancy
of the Owner; but they ufually
contain three Lights each, which is

in the Whole about eleven Feet in |

Length; tho’ fometimes they are
made to contain four Lights; but
this is toogreat a Length: the Frames
thus made are not fo convenient to
remove, as when they are fhorter,and
are more fabject to decay at their

{

Corners. Some indeed have them |

to contain but two Lights, which is
very handy for raifing Cucumber

and Melon Plants while young ; but

this is too fhort fora Bark-bedyas net

allowing room for a proper Quan-/

tity of Bark to continue a Warmth

for any confiderable time, as was be- |
fore mentioned; but for ‘the other

Purpofes one or two fuch Frames are
very convenients

ato.

: HAAS to thofe F rames which are—

ade very deep, it is much better
to have them contrived to take afun-
_@erat the four Corners; fo that
they may be removed with Eafe;
otherwife it will be very difficult to
take the Frame off, when there is
‘Occafion to put in new Bark, or take
out the old. The Manner of make-
ing thefe Frames is generally known,
‘or may be much better conceiv’d by
_ feemng them than can be exprefs’d in
_ Writing; therefore I fhall forbear
faying any thing more on this Head.
HOTTONIA, Water-viotet.
The Chara&ers are ;
It hath a rofe-foaped Flower confif-
ng of one Leaf, which is divided in-
to five Parts almoft to the Bottom: in
the Centre of the Flower arifes the
Pointal, which afterward becomes a
tylindrical Fruit, in which are con-
tained feveral fpherical Seeds.
We have but one Kizd of this
Plant; wx. :
Horronia. Boerb. Ind. alt. Wa-
ter-violet.
This Plant. is very common in
deep flanding Waters and Ditches,
in feveral Parts of England, ‘The
Leaves of this Plant appear on the
Surface of the Water the Beginning
of April, and in May the Flowers
-arife on. pretty long naked Stalks,
growing in a Spike. Thefe Flowers
. are of a fine Rofe-colour, which,

together with their fine-cut Leaves,
_ make a beautiful Appearance on the
Water.

It may be propagated in deep

_ flanding Waters, by procuring its
Seeds, when they are ripe, from the
Places of their natural Growth ;
which fhould be immediatly dropp’d

into the Water, where they are de-.

figned to grow ; and the Spring fol-
lowing they will appear ; and if they
are not difturbed,they will foon pro-
pagate themfelves in great Plenty.

TS ee ee
HU.
HURA, The Sand-box- tres.
The Charaéers are ;

It bath Male and Female Floavery

on the fame Plant: the Male Flowers
confit of one Leaf, whichis funkel foa-
ped, having a long incurvedT ube; bt ti
Spread open at the Brim, where it i
Sightly cut into tevelwe Parts: in the
Bottom of the Tube are placed feveral
foort Stamina, which are coliccied
together: the Female Flavers bawe
the fame Figure with the Male, bat
Lave no Stamina ; the Centre of the
Flower being occupied by the fort
roundgompreffed Peintal, which after-~
evard becomes a round Fruit comprojed
at both Ends, having twelve seep
Furrows, and as many different Cells,
each containing one round compreffed
Seed: the Fruit, when ripe, burfls
open with great Elaficity, and caps:
the Seeds abroad. ,

We know but one Sort of this
Plant; wiz.

Hura Americana, abutili Indic
folio. H. Amp. American Hura, with
a Leaf like the Jndian Abutilon.
This is fometimes called Fumaica
Walnuts, and- the Sand-box-tree ;
and by others Waraclia andHavelia.

This Shrub is a Native of the
Spanifh Weft- Indies, from whence the
Seeds have been brought into feveral
of the Briti Iflands in the Wef-
Indies; where the Inhabitants culti-
vate thefe Plants in their Gardens, by
way of Curiofity. It rifes to the
Height of fourteen or fixteen Feet,
and divides toward the Top into
feveral Branches, which are adorned
with large Leaves indented on their
Edges, and terminating in a Point.-
Thefe Leaves, as alfo the younger
Branches, are of a deep-greenColour,

ahd are full of a milky Juice, which ~

iffues out on their being broken or
bruifed. This Juice is extremely
corrofive. The Fruit of this Plane,
if {uttered to remain on till they arg

HU
fully ripe, burft in the Heat of the
* Day with a violent Explofion, make-
ing a Noife like the firing of a
Piitol; which occafioned its being,
by former Writers, called Arbor cre-
petans ; z.e. the farting Tree; and
hereby the Seeds are thrown about
to a confiderable Diftance. Thefe
Seeds, when green, vomit and purge,
and are fuppofed té be fomewhat
akin to the Nux Vomica.
The Seeds of this Plant were fent
from Carthagena, in New Spain, by
the late Dr. William Houffoun 3 and
fince, there have been many of the
Seeds fent into England from Bar-
bados, where there are great Num-
bers of the Plants cultivated in the
Gardens of the Curious.

It is propagated by Seeds, which
Should be fown early in the Spring,
in Pots filled with light rich Earth,
and plunged into an Hot-bed of
Tanners Bark. If the Seeds are
frefh, the Plants will appear in about
five Weeks after the Seeds are fown;
and when the Plants are about four
Inches high, they fhould be tranf-
‘planted each into a feparate {mall
Pot filled with light rich Earth, and
plunged again into the Hot-bed of
Tanners Bark; and muft be after-
ward treated in the fame manner as

is direéted for other tender Exotic ©

Plants, till the Autumn, at which
time they muft be removed into the
Bark -ftove, and plunged in the warm-
eft Part thereof: during the Winter-
feafon they muft have frequent Wa-
tering ; but it muft not then be given
in too great Quantities: they mutt
alfo be kept very warm. otherwife
they will not live in thi: Country.
‘In Summer they muft have a large
_ Share of frefh Airin warm Weather;
but they muft not be removed into
the open Air ; for taey are too ten-
der to live abroad -n the warmeft
Part of the Year int gis Country.

HY

This Plant is now pretty commor
in the Englifs Gardens, where ther F
are Collections of tender Plants pre-
ferved; fome of which are grown
to the Height of twelve’ or fourteen
Feet; aud many of them have pro-
duced Flowers; but thére has not
been any of their Fruit produced as
yetin England.

As thefe Plants have ample Leaves,
which are of a beautiful green Co-
lour, they afford an agreeable Vari-
ety among other tender Exotic Plants
in the Stave ; for where they are
kept warm, and duly refrefhed with
Water, they retain their Leaves all
the Year in Verdure.

The Fruit of this Plant is, by tke
Inhabitants of the We/-Indies, cut
open on the Side where the Foot-
ftalk grew, and the Seeds carefully
taken out; aftér which, the Shells
are ufed as Standifhes to contain Sarid
for Writing ; which gave Rife to the
Name of Sand box. When thefe
Fruit are brought intire into Exgland,
it is very difficult to preferve them ;
for when the Heat of the Summer
comes .on, they ufually burft with
arn Explofion, and fcatter their Seeds
abcut.

HYACINTHUS, Hyacinth, or
Jacinth. ;

The Chara@ers ate ;

It hath a bulbous Root : the Leawes
are long and narrow: the Stalk is
upright and naked, the Flowers grow-
ing on the upper Part ina Panicle:
the [lowers confifi each of one Leaf;
are naked, tubulofe, and cut into fix
Divifians at the Brim, which are rea

flexed: the Ovary becomes a round-

ifh Fruit with three Angles, which is
divided into three Cells, that are filled
with round:/b Seeds.
The Species are ;
1. Hyacintruus Anglicus, flore
caruleo. Ger. BlueZnglifo Hair-bells.
2. Hya-

ee Bs |
“3 Hyacinruus Anglicus, fore
albo. Ger. White Englifo Hair-bells.
3. Hracintnus Anglicus, flore
incarnate, Fleth-colour’d Englifh
Hair-bells.

4. Hracintaus Orientalis bru-
malis precocifimus, fiore albo. Boerb.
Iud. The earlieft white Oriental
Hyacinth, commonly called Fanza-
Tius

5.Hyacintuus Oricatalis bru-
malis, flore pallide caruleo. Boerb.
4nd. Oriental Jacinth, with a pale-
blue Flower, commonly call’d The
Imperial.

6. Hyacintuus Orientalis albus
primus. C. B. Common Oriental Ja-
cinth, with a white Flower.

7. Hyacintuus Orientals ma-
jor precox, didtus Zimbul Indi. Park.
Par. The great Oriental Jacinth,
commonly called Zimbul Indi.

8. Hyacintuus Orientalis maxi-

mus, flore amene caeruleo, polyanthus.
ff.R. P. The greateft Eaftern Ja-
cinth, with many Flowers of a fine
blue Colour.
- g. Hyacintuus Orientalis, fore
pleno caeruleo, vel purpuro-violaceo.
Park. Par. The double blue Orien-
tal Jacinth.

Io. Hyacintuus Orientals can-
| Bidiffimus, flore pleno. Park. Par. The

very white double Oriental Jacinth.

11. Hyacintuus Ovientalis, mu!-
tiplici flare pallide incarnatus. H. L,
Double Oriental Jacinth, with a
Pale flefh-colour’d Flower, common-
dy call’d The Pulchra.

_ 12. Hyacintuus Orientalis ,
frore pleno curuleo-purpureo, clavo lon~

zg, petalis modice refiexis. Boerh,

nd. Double blue Oriental Jacinth,
with a long Style, and the Petals
moderately reflex’d, commonlycall’d

The Double Cardinal.

13. Hyacintnus — Orientalis,
fore pleniffimo intus albo, eleganter
Pian clawa conics obtufo, petalis valde

aE el oe BR
HY ie
reflexis. Boerh. Ind. The molt double
Oriental Jacinth, with a white Flow-
er of an elegant Rofe-colour in the
Middle, and the Petals greatly re-
flexed, commonly call’d The King
of Great Britain. ny te

14. Hyacintuus Orientalis ,
flore pleniffimo candidiffimo toto, &
intus clavo conico obtufo, petalis valde
refiexis. Boerh. Ind. The moit double
Oriental Jacinth, with a pure white.
Flower, and the Petals greatly
reflexed, commonly called The
Queen of Great Brttain.

15. Hyacintuus Oricatalis,
Jiore pleno laéeo, lituris carneis, cla-
vis longis. Boerb. Ind. Double Ori-
ental Jacinth, with a milk-coloured—
Flower ftreak’d with a pale Red,
commonly call’d Claudius Albinus.

16. Hyacintuus ‘Orientalis,
frore pleniffimo carneo longiffimo, intus
rofeo, petalis valde reftexis. Boerb.
ind.The moft doubleOrientalJacinth,
witha flefh-colour’d Flower ftreak’d
with a Rofe-colour, and the Petals
greatly reflexed, commonly called
Apollo.

17. Hyacintuus Orientalis,
Jlore pleno fquallide candido, clavo ad
bafin utriculato longo, petalis valde
reflexis. Baerb. Ind. Double Orien-
tal Jacinth, with a dirty-white Flow-
er, and reflexed Petals, commonly
called Agath Mignon.

18..Hyacintuus | Orientalis ,
frore pleniffima albo, pauxillo carnes:
admifte, clavo longo angulofo plano,
ore amplifiimo. Boerh. Ind. Double
Oriental Jacinth, with a Flowerin-
termixed with very little flefh-co-
loured Spots, commonly called C/az=
dius Civilis.
1g. Hyacintuus Orientalis ,
flore pleniffimo carneo, & coraltine
rubro, clavo craffs brevi, petalis ma-
xime reflexis. Boerb. Ind. Oriental |
Jacinth, with a very double red co
ral-colour’d Flower, and the Petals

greatly

eS

greatly reflexed, commonly called
oraliine. .
zo. Hracintnus Orientalis,
fare pleniffimo candidiffimo, in fundo
eris rofeo. Boerh. Ind. Oriental Ja-
einth, with a very double pure
white Flower, and the Bottom of
the Rim of a Rofe-colour, com-
monly call’d The Queen of Flowers.
21. Hyacimruus Ortentalis,
frore pleniffimo candidiffimo, petalis
anguftis, <P magis acutis. Oriental
Jacinth, with a very double pure
ywhite Flower, with narrow fharp-
ointed Petals, commonly called

The King of Flowers.
zz. Hyacintuus Orientalis ,
frore pleniffimo candidiffimo toto, clavo
conico, petalis maxime refiexis, caule
& flore maximis. Boerb. Ind. Orien-
tal Jacinth, with a very double
white Flower, and the Petals very
much reflexed, and large Stalks and
‘Flowers, commonly called Kaifar’s

white Jewel.

23. Hyacintrnus Orientalis ,
frore pleniffimo candida carneo, lituris
rubellis, clavo breviffimo craffiffimc.
Boerh.Jzd.Oriental Jacinth, with dou-
ble white Flowers itreak’d with Red,
commonly call’dThe Princefs Royal.
__ Befides thefe here mentioned, there
area great Variety of fine double
Hyacinths, with beautiful variegated
Flowers, moft of which have Names
“impofed on them according to the
Fancy of their Owners ; and fome
of thefe are highly efteemed by the
Florifts in Helland, where, accord-
ing to their printed Catalogues, they
_ have many Flowers which are valu-
ed at five, fix, feven, eight, or ten
Pounds per Root : but as thefe are
Varieties which have been obtained
from Seeds, the Number of them
is continually increas’d where Peo-

ple conftantly fow of their Secds ;
and thofe new Flowers which are

gais'd, if they are large, beautiful,

HY

and very double, will always _
much valu’d at firft, until ther
has been a good Number of Roo
obtained from them; after which
they conftantly decreafe in thejr Va«
lue accerding to their Plenty. But
to enumerate all the Sorts that are
now printed in the Dutch Cata-
Togues, would be to no Purpofe in
this Place: therefore I fhall proceed

to their Culture.
The firft of thefe Species isa Na-
tive of England, growing in Wood
and under Hedges, in divers Parts,
but efpecially near Londm. The two
next-mentioned are Varieties which
have been accidentally obtained from
the firft, from which they differ only
in the Colour of their Flowers. The
twenty next-mentioned are all of
them Varieties of the Oriental Hy-
dcinths, which were _ originally
brought from 4fa; but by the In-
duftry of the Floris in Holland and
Flanders, they have been fo much
improv’d, as to become one of the
moit ornamental Flowers of the
Spring: and as they continue fow-
ing Seeds annually of thefe Flowers,
they not only increafe the Numbers
of their Flowers, but have yearly’
fome extraordinary Beauties appear 3.
which are, according to their Stature,
Figure, and other Properties, highly
efteem’d ; and are fometimes bought,
ata very great Expence, by the cu-

rious Delighters in thefe Beauties.
_ All the different Sorts of Hya-
cinths are propagated by Seeds of
Off-fets from the old Bulbs: the
former Method has been but little
practifed in England till very lately 3
but in Hollend and Flanders it hath
been follow’d for many Years, where -
by they have obtain’d a very great”
Variety of the moft beautiful Flow-
ers of this Kind; and it is owing to
the Induftry of the Florifis in thof
Countries, that the Lovers and De-
gashy sak a ~ Sighterg)

— ee ee eee as

rs in. Gardening are fo agree-
bly entertain’d, not only with the
curious Variety of this, but of moft
: bulbqus-rooted Flowers; few
ner Florifts thinking it worth their
rouble to wait four or five Years
for the Flowers of a Plant, which
when produced, perhaps there might
mot be ong in forty that may merit
to be preferv’d: but they do nat
‘confider, that it is only the Lois
of the three. or four firft Years after
| fowing ; for.if they continue fow-
ing every Year after they begin,
‘there will be a Succeffion of Flow-
ess. annually, which will conflantly
» produce fome.Sarts that may be
different from what they have before
feen; and new Flowers being al-
ways the moft valuable to fkilfgl
Florifts, (provided. they have good
Properties to. recommend them), it
swill always be a fufficient Recom-
pence for their Trouble.
The Method of raifing thefe
‘Flowers, from Seed is as follows:
Having provided yourfelf with fome
good Seed (which fhould be faved
_ either femi-double, or fuch_fin-
gle Flowers as are large, and have
goodProperties), you mut have aPar-
_£el af {quare fhallow Boxes .or Pots,
which muft be filled with freth light
fandy Soil, laying the Surface very
level; then fow your Seed thereon as
equally as pofiible, covering it abaut
-half an Inch thick with the fame
light Earth: the time for this Work
is about the Beginning of ugu/f.
- 'Thefe Boxes or Pots fhould be placed
_ where they may enjoy the morning
_ Sun, only until the Middle orLatter-
, end of September; at which time
they fhould be removed into a
_ warmer Situation; and towards the
' End of OZober they fhould be placed
-under.a common Hot-bed-frame ;
where they may remain during the
, Winter and Spring - Months, that
:* they may be protected from’ hard

i bag: |
Frofts ; though they fhould be ex-
pofed ta the open Air when the
Weather is mild, by taking off the‘
Glaffes. In February the young
Plants will begin to appear above,
ground; at which time they muft be
carefully {creen’d from Frofts, other-
wife they will prave very injurious
to them : but you muft never cover
them at that Seafon but in the
Night, or in very bad Weathers
for when the Plants are come up, if
they are clofe cover’d, they will
draw up very tall and flender, and
thereby prevent the Growth of their

Roots. In the Middle of March,

if the Weather proves good, you
may remove the Boxes out of the
Frame, placing them in 2 warm Si-
tuation, but not too near a Wall =
obferving, if the Seafon be dry,

to refreh them now-and-then”
with a littl Water, as alfo to
keep them very clear from Weeds ;
which would foon over{pread the
tender Plants, and deftroy them, if
ermitted.to remain,

‘Toward the Latter-end of April,
or the Beginning of May, thefe
Boxes fhould be removed into a cool-
er Situation: for the Heat of the
Sun at that. Seafon will be too
great for thefe tender Plants, caufing
their Blades to decay much fooner
than they would, if they were
{creen’d from its Violence. In this
fhady Situation they fhould remain

during the Heat of Summer, obfery=

ing to keep them conftantly clear
from Weeds: but you mui. not
piace them under the Dripping. of
rees, (Jc, nor fhould you give -
them any Water after their Blades |
are decay’d; for that will infalli-
bly rot the Roots. About the Mid-
dle or Latter-end of Auguft you
fhould fift a little light s:ch Earth
over the Surface of the Boxes ; and
then remove them again into awarm-
er Situation, and treat them, du-
rng

Bae At 2 th
zing the Winter, Spring, and Sum-
ammer Months, as was before direéted:
‘and about the Middle of Auguft
you flould prepare a Bed of light
‘rich fandy Soil, in proportion to the
Quantity of your Seedling-plants ;
and having levell’d the Surface very
even, you fhould take out the Earth
from the Boxes in which your Plants
were rais’d, into a Sieve, in order
to get out ail the Roots, which by
this time (if they have grown well)
will be about the Thicknefs of a
imal} Quill. Thefe Roots fhould
be placed upon the Bed at about
two or three Inches afunder, obferv-
img to fet the Bottom-part of their
Roots downward; then cover them
over two Inches thick with the
fame light Earth: but as it will be
impoffible to get all the {mall Roots

out of the Earth in the Boxes, you »

fhould fpread the Earth upon another
Bed equally, and cover it over with
light Earth ; by which Method you
will not lofe any of the Roots, be
-they ever fo {mall.

Thefe Beds muft be arched over
with Hoops; and in very hard frof-
ty Weather they muft be cover’d
‘with Mats, @c. to prote&& them
€rom Froft ; and in the Spring, when
the green Leaves are above-ground,
3f the Weather fhould be very dry,

‘you muft refreth them with Water ;
-bat do this f{paringly ; for nothing
“$s more injurious to thefe Bulbs,
than too great Quantities of Moift-
“wre. During the Summer-feafon you
muft conftantly keep the Beds clear
from Weeds; but after the Blades
“are decay’d, you muft never give
“them any Water: and in Autumn
‘you fhould ftir the Surface of the
Bed with a very fhort Hand-fork ;
~ being exceeding careful not to thruft
‘jt fo deep as to touch the Roots ;
-which, if hurt, are very fubjeé to
* perifh foon after. Then fift a little

ss

es, at i ie

Hee i i le

ay 0

frefh light rich Earth over the Beg
about an Inch thick, or fomewhat
more; and in Winter cover them.
again (as was before direéted). In
this Bed the Roots may continue.
until they flower, which is common:
ly five Years after fowing, obfervin
to treat them, both in Summer and.
Winter, as before. ;
When their Flowers begin to
fhew themfelves, you fhould mark
all fuch as appear to have good Pre-
perties, by thrufting a {mall Stick
down by each Root ; which Roots,
at the time for taking them up,
fhould be felected from the reft, and
planted by themfelves : tho” I would
by no means advife the rejecting any
of the other Roots, until they have
blown two Years; before which you
cannot be afcertained of their Value.
When the green Leaves of thefe
Plants begin to decay, their Roots
muft be taken up; and the Earth of
the Bed being rais’d into a Ridge,
the better:'to fhoot off the Moifture,

Ahey fhould be laid into the Earth

again in an horizontal Pofition,
leaving the green Leaves hanging
downwards from the Roots, where-
by the great Moifture contained in
their very fucculent Leaves and
Flower-ftalks is exhaled, and pre-
vented from entering the Roots ;
which, when fuffered to return in-
to them, is very often the Caufe of
their rotting. In this ity the
Roots fhould remain until the Leaves
are quite dried off, when they muft
be taken up; and after being cleared
of all manner of Filth, which would
be hurtful to them, they muit be
laid up in Boxes; where they may.
be preferved dry until September,
which isthe proper Seafon for plant-
ing them again.’ The Method of doing
this fhall be hereafter mentioned,
when we treat of the Management
of old Roots. gp teeU

a | thall .

“HY
¥ fhall now proceed to the Cul-
ture of fuch Hyacinths as have
_ either been obtained from Holland,
or are of our own Product from
Seeds, that are very beautiful, and
worthy to be preferyed in Collecti-
ons of good Flowers ; and it hath
been the want of Skill in the Ma-
nagement of thefe ncble Flowcrs,
which has occafion’d the ill Succefs
moft People have had with them in
England; whereby they are almoft
intirely neglected, fuppofing their
Roots deg-nerate after they have
flower'd in England : which is a great
Miftake; for were the Roots mana-
ged with the fame Art as is practis’d
in Hollan?’, Tam fully convinced they
would thrive full as well in England
as there, or elfewhere, as I have ex-
perienced ; for, from fome Hundreds
of Roois which I have received from
Holland at two or three different
times, I have increafed them to al-
moft double the Number of ftrong
Roots; all which flower’d in the
Spring Axno 1730. ftronger than they
did when I firft rece:ved them: and
I dare fay they were as large, and
produced as many Flowers on their
Stems, as if they were in Ho/and.
The Soil in which thefe Flowers
fucceed bett, is a light fandy freth
rich Earth, which may be compos’d
after the following manner: Take
half frefh Earth from a Common or
Pafture-land which is of a fandy
Loam; this fhould not be taken
above eight or nine Inches deep at
moft ; and if you take the Turf or
Green-fward with it, it will ftill be
better, provided you have time to
let it rot; to this you fhould add a
Fourth-part of Sea-fand,and the other
Fourth-part of rotten Cow-dung:
mix thele we! together, and caf it
into an Heap, waere it may remain
until you ufe it; obierving to turn
it over once in three Weeks, or a

HY
Month. If this Compoh be madé
two or three Years before it be ufed,
it will be much the better: but if
you are obliged to ufe it fooner, then
it fhould be oftener turned, that the
Parts may the better unite. 7

‘This Soil fhould be laid two Fect
deep on the Beds which are defigned
for your Hyacinths; and you may
jay alittle rotten Cow-dung or Tan-
ners Bark at the Bottom, which may
be within Reach oft the Fibres ; but
it fhould by no means teuch the
Bulb. If the Soil be very wet,
where thefe Beds are made, you
fhould raife them ten or twelve
Inches abave the Surface; but if it
be dry, they need not be raifed above
three or four Inches.

‘The manner of preparing the Beds
is as follows: Firit, take ail the for-
mer old Earth out of the Bed to the
Depth you intend, which fhould be
three Feet ; then {pread a little rot-
ten Dung or Tan in the Bottom, lay-
ing it very level; upon tits you
fhould Jay the above-mentioned
Earth twelve or fifteen Inches thick,
levelling it very even: then fcore
out the Diftances for the Roots,
which tho ild be eight Inches fquare,
in ftrait Rows each Way; after
which, place your Roots exactly in
the Squares, obferving to fet the
Bottom part downward ; then cover
the Roots fix Inches deep with the
fame prepared Earth; being very
careful, in dong of this, noi to dif-
place any of them ; and if the Tops
of thefe Beds are made a little round-
ing, to fhoot off the Wet, it will be
of Service, provided they are not
made too high, which isa Fault the ~
other way.

The beit Seafon for planting thefe
Roots is toward the Middle or Lat-
ter-end of September, according to
the Earlinefs or Latene{s of the Sea-
fon, or the Weather which then hap-
pers:

eo, Ae

pens: but I would advife you, never
‘go plant them when the Ground is
extreme dry, unlefs there be a Pro-
fpe& of fome Rain fogn after; for
it the Weather fhould.continue dry
for a confiderable time after, the
Reots wou'd receive a Mouldinefs,
which would certainly deftroy them.

Thefe Beds will require no farther
Care until the Froft comes on fevere,
at which time they fhould have fome
satten Tan fpread over the Bed,
about four Inches thick; and if the
Alleys on each Side of the Bed are
filed up, either with rotten Tan,
Dung, or Sand, it will prevent the

Froft from penetrating the Ground

to the Roots, and fecure them from
being deftroyed: but when the
Winters prove very fevere, it will
alfo be proper to have fome Peas-
haulm, or fuch-like Covering, laid
over them, which will keep out the
Froft better than Mats; and lying
hollow, will admit the Air to the
Surface of the Ground, and alfo per-
mit the Exhalations to pafs off,
avhereby the Earth will remain dry,
and prevent the Roots from rotting ;
yvbich has often happened when the
Beds have been too clofe covered,
But you muft obferve to take off this
Covering whenever the Weather is
mild, and only let it continue on in
wery hard Frofts; for a {mall Frolt
cannot injure the Roots before the
green Leaves appear above-ground,
which is feldom before the Beginning
of February ; at which time the Beds
yauft be arched over with Hoops,
that they may be covered either
with Mats, Canvas, or fome other
Jight Covering, to prevent the Froft
from injuring the Buds as they arile
-above-ground; but thefe Coverings
mutt be conftantly taken off every
Day when the Weather is mild,
otherwife the Flower-ftems will be
drawn up to a great Height, and be-

sone very weak; and the Pedicleg
of the Flowers will be long and flen-
der, and fo rendered incapable of
fupporting the Bells: which is 2
great Difadvantage to the Flowers;
for one of their greateft Beauties con-
filts in the regular Difpefition of
their Bells.. When thefe Hoops are
fixed over the Beds, the rotten Tan -
fhould be taken of them; in the
doing of which, great Care fhould
be taken not to bruife or injure the
Leaves of the Hyacinths, which by
that time will be beginning to break
out of the Ground with the Flower-
ftem; therefore, the Tan fhould he
removed by the Hands, or, if any
Inftrument is ufed in the doing of
it, there muft be great Caution.
When the Stems of the Flowers
are advanced ta their Height, before
the Flowers are expanded, you fhould
place a fhort Stick down by each
Root, to which, with a Wire form-
ed into an Hoop, the Stem of the
Flowers fhould be faitened, to fup-
port them from falling ; otherwile,
when the Bells are fully expanded,
their Weight willincline them to the
Ground, efpecially if they are per-
mitted to receive a Shower of Rain.
During their Seafon of flowering,
they fhould be covered in the Heat
of the Day from the Sun, as alfo

from all heavy Rains; but they

fhould be permitted to receive all
gentle Showers, as alfo the morning
and evening Sun: but if the Nights
are frofly, they muft be conitantly
defended therefrom. With this Ma-
nagement, you may continue your
Hyacinths in Beauty at leaft. one

whole Month, and fometimes more,

according to their Strength, or the
Favourablenefs of the Seafon.

When their Flowers are quite de-
cayed, and the Tops of their Leaves
begin to change their Colour, you.
muff carefully raife the Roots-out be.

‘ &

Po ey

the Ground with a narrow Spade, or
fome other handy Inftrument: this
is what the Dutch Gardeners term
lifting of them : in the doing of this,
the Inftrument muft be carefully
thruft down by the Side of the Root,
being careful not to bruife or injure
it, as alfo to put it below the Bot-

tom of the Root : then by the force-.

ing of this Inftrument on one Side,

the Fibres of the Root are raifed and

feparated from the Ground. The
Defign of this is, to prevent their
receiving any more Nourifhment
from the Ground; for by imbibing
too much Moifture at this Sea‘on,
the Roots frequently rot after they
are taken up: about a Fortnight af-
ter this Operation, the Roots fhould
be intirely taken out of the Ground;
and then raife the Earth of your Beds
into an high fharp Ridge, laying the
Roots into it in an horizontal Pofi-
tion, with their Leaves hanging
out ; by which means a great Part of
the Moifture contained in their thick
facculent Stalks and Leaves will eva-
porate, which, if it were permitted
to return back to the Roots, would
caufe them to rot and decay after
they are taken up, which has been
the general Defect of mott of the
Hyacinths in England.

In this Pofition the Roots fhould
remain until the green Leaves are in-
tirely dried up, which perhaps may
be in three Weeks time. ‘This is
what the Dutch Gardeners term, the
ripening of their Roots ; becaufe, by
this Method, the Roots become firm,
and the outer Cover-is {mooth, and
‘of a bright purple Colour ; whereas
Tthofe Roots which are permitted to
"remain undifturbed, till the Leaves
“and Stalks are quite decayed, wi'l be
large, {pongy, and their outer Coats
mill be of a pale Colour: for the
es of many of thefe Flowers are

mB. ai; “ a oe
, San

a ’

‘wile

very large, and contain a great
Quantity of Moifture; which, if fuf-
fered to return into the Roots, will in-
fallibly caufe many of them to perifh.
After they are fo ripened, you muft
take them out of the Ground, and
wipe them clean with a foft woollen
Cloth, taking off all the decayed
Parts of the Leaves and Fibres, put=
ting them into open Boxes where
they may lie fingly and be expofed to
the Air: but they muft be preferved
carefully from Moitture ; nor fhould
they be fuffered to remain where
the Sun may fhine upon them:in this
manner they may be preferved out
of the Ground until! September, which
is the Seafon for planting them againg
at which time you mutt feparate all
the ftrong flowering Roots, planting
them in Beds by themfelves; that
they may make an equal Appeatancé
in their Flowers: but the Off-fets
and {maller Roots fhould be planted
in another feparate Bed for one
Year ; iff which time they will ‘ae:
quire Strength, and by the futceed-
ing Year will be as firong as the
older Roots.

The fingle and femi-double Flow-
ers fhould be planted alfo in a Bed by
themfelves, where they fhouild be
carefully fheltered (as was direéted
before) from the Froft, until the
Flowers are blown; at which time
their Covering fhould be intirely re-
moved, and they fuftred to receive
the open Ait; which, tho’ it may
foon deface the Beatty 6f the Flow-
ers, yet 1s abfolutely neceffary to
promote their feeding : and when the
Seeds are quite ripe, you maft cut
off the Veffels, and preferve them,
with the Seeds thereiii, until the Sea-
fon for fowing it. But you muft ob-
ferve, that after thefe Fiowers have
produced Seeds, they feldom flower
io well again, at ieaft not in ‘two
eet ted . Yeats

e

Hy
Years after ; fo that the beft Method
to obtain good Seeds is, to plant
new Roots every Year for that Pur-
pofe: althe’ thefe Roots are, by
moft Perfons, taken up every Year,
-yet if the Beds are well prepared for
them, they may remain two Years
in the Ground unremoved ; and the’
Roots will flower ftronger the fecond
Year than the firft: but thofe Per-
fons who cultivate them for Sale, do
every Year take up their Roots
which are large and faleable; but
the Off-fets, and fmall Roots, they
ufually leave two Years in the
Ground.

The common Lagi Hyacinths
are very hardy Plants, as are fome
of the fingle blue and white Oriental
Sorts, and increafe very faft by Off-
fets from the old Roots; fo that it
is hardly worth while to propagate
them by Seeds,’ efpecially fince it
can fcarcely be expetted to receive
any great Varieties from them.
Thefe Flowers, tho’ common, are
very pretty Ornaments in the Bor-
ders of the Flower-garden, where
being intermixed with other bulb-
ous-rooted Flowers, they add to
the Variety, and continue the Suc-
ceffion of Flowers a long time in the
Spring; and as they are very hardy,
and only require to be tranfplanted
" every other Year, they are worthy
of room in every good Garden.

I fhall in this Place mention two
or three Species of Hyacinth, which
have been lately introduced into the
Englife Gardens from the Cape of
Good Hope. Thefe have been figured
by Dr. Breynius in his Prodromus :
fo I fhall infert them by the Names
there given to them; tho’, by their
Characters, they might be feparated
from this Genus.

3. Hyacintuus orchivides Afri-
canys wiajor bifelius, Flore cecruleo
majors. Mreys. prod. ti. p. 72.

ws i. ? oe ee

HY

Greater twozleavd African Hye-
cinth, fhaped like the Orchis, with
a large blue Flower.

2. Hyacintuus orchioides Afri-
canus major bifolius maculatus, flore
Julphureo obfolete majore. Breyn.
prod.2.p.72. Greater African Hya-
cinth, with two fpotied Leaves, and
a large worn-out {ulphur-coloured
Flower.

3. Hyacintruys orchivsides aphyl-
lus ferpentarius major. C. B. P. Great-
er ferpent-like Hyacinth, without
Leaves. .

Thefe Plants are too tender to
thrive in the open Air in England ;
fo muft be planted in Pots filled with
light rich Earth: and in Winter
they muft be placed in a good Green-
honfe, or in a Stove, which is kept
in a very moderate Heat; if in the
latter, the Plants will require to be
oftener watered; becaufe the Heat.
will caufe them to per{pire more, and
the Earth in the Pots will dry fafter
than thofe placed in the Green-houfe.

The Leaves of thefe Plants appear 9
abour Michaelmas, and grow about |
feven or eight Inches high; and in|
February the Flowers appear, which |
grow without Pedicles, clofe to the
Stalk; this rifes about fix Inches)
high. There is no great Beauty in|
thefe Flowers; but as they appear!
at a Seafon, when there is a Scarcity
of other Flowers, they may be al.
lowed to have a Place. The Leave:
and Flowers decay in May, and thi
Pots may then be placed abroad
but during the Summer, that th
Roots are inactive, they fhould hay
very little Water given them. Th
time for tran{planting of thefe Roo’
is in Fuly, before they begin to pi
out frefh Fibres.

The Seeds of the two firft Sorts
received from Dr. Fob Bafter, F.1
S. of Zurikzee in Holland; and —
ene ¥sar the Roots produced Flor

¢

&rs, from the time of the Seeds be-
ing fown.

-HYACINTHUS PERUVIA-
NUS. Vide Ornithogalum -

_ HYACINTHUS — STELLA-
TUS. Vide Ornithogalum.
HYACINTHUS TUBERO-

SUS. Vide Polyanthes.

HYDROCOTYLE, Water Na-

velwort.
_ This Plant grows in great Plenty
in moiit Places in moit Parts of Exg-
fand, and is never cultivated for
Ufe ; fo I fhall pafs it over with only
Naming it.

iY DROLAPATHUM. Jide
Lapathum. |
HYDROPHYLLON, Water-
leaf.

The Charaers are;

It hath a bell-fhapd Flower con-
fifting of one Leaf, and cut into /eve-
ral Segments: from the Bottom-part
of the Flower arifes the Pointal,
tvhich afterward becomes a Fruit
opening in two Parts, inclofing Seeds
of the fame Shape as the Viffel.

We have but one Species of this
Plant; wiz.

Hypropuy tion Morini. Foncg.
Hort. Water-leaf of Morinus.

This Plant is very hardy in ré-
fpe& to Cold; but it fhould be
planted in a moilt rich Soil; for if
itis plaated in a dry warm Soil, it

will not live, unlefs it is conftanidly

| watered in dry Weather. It may be
propagated by parting of the Roots,
which fhould be done in Autumn,
that the Plants may be well rooted
befdre Spring ; tor otherwife they
will require a great deal of Wacer co
_preferve them. The Roots fhouid
not be partéd too imall, nor thould
‘it be done every Year, for that will
Weaken tnem too much: they will
thrive very well in a fhady Situation,
; provided it 1s net under the Drip of

“

sh

HY

Trees. It flowers in Fuse, but déth
not perfect Seeds in this Country.

_HYDROPIPER, Vide Petfica-
ria.
HYOSCYAMUS, Henbane.

_ The CharaGers are ;
The Lecwes are joft and hairy,
growing alternately upon the Branches+
the Cup of the Flower is foort, and
bell foaped, and divided into five Seg-
ments : the Flower confifts of one Leaf,
the Bottom-part of which és tabulofes
but is expanded at the Top; an+ di-
vided into five Segments, having five
obtufe Stamina: the Fruit, which is
inclofed within the Calyx, refembles a
Pot with a Cover to it; and is divi-
ded, by an interniediate Partition; into
*we Cells, which contain thany fmall
Seeds.

The Species are;

i: Hyoscramus welgatis; del
niger. C. B. P. Common black
Hen bane.

2. Hyoscyamus albus major; vel
tertizs Diofeoridis, & ghartus Pij-
nti. C.B.P. Greater white Hen-
bane. ,

3. Hyoscyamus major; albo fimi-
tis, umbilico floris atro-purpureo. T.
Cor. Great Hen-bane like the
White, but with a dark-purple Bot-
tom to the Flower.

4. Hyoscramts minor; albo fitni+
lis, amvilico feoris wvirenté. Foffien,
Lefier Hen-bane like the White,
With a green Ro.iom to the Flower.

§. Hyoscyvames riihello foré,
C. 3B. P. Hen-bane with a rediftia
colout'd Flower.

6. Hroscrames Creticus luteus

major. C.B. P: Great yellow Hen.

bane of Candia. ;
There are ieteral other Varieties
of this Plant; which are preferv'd in
Borame Gaidetis, to add to their
Numbets of Plant: $ but fince t
are rarely cultivated for Wie, 1 fall
Tt? fors

Pe

| H Y
forbear to fay any thing of them in
this Place.

The firft of thefe Sorts is very
common in Exgland, growing upon
the Sides of Banks and old Dunghils
almoft every-where. This is a very
poifonous Plant, and fhould be root-
ed out in all Places where Children
are fuffer'd to come; for in the Year
1729. there were three Children
poifon’d with eating the Seeds of this
Piant, near Tottenbam-Court ; two of
which flept two Days and two Nights
before they could be awakened ; and
were with Difficulty recovered ;
but the third, being older and ftrong-
er, efcaped better.

The iecond Sort is by moft Au-
thors fuppofed to be the true white
Hen-bane of the Shops, the Seeds of
which fhould be ufed in Medicine ;
tho’ there is very little Difference in
the Seeds of that, and the third and
fourth Sorts, either of which may
probably do, The other Sorts are
of no Ufe or Beauty: but whoever
hath a mind to cultivate any of thefe
Plants, may fow their Seeds in the
Spring upon a light dry undung’d
Soil; and when the Plants are come
up, they fhould be tranfplanted out,
allowing them two Feet Dittance
each Way. The fecond Summer
they will produce Flowers and
Seeds, and foon after the Roots
- perifh.

.'The Seeds of thefe Plants, when
fewn in the Spring, frequently lie in
the Ground a whole Year before the
Piants appear; but if they are fown
jn the Autumn, foon after they are

— yipe, they feldom fail to come up,

either foon after they are fown, or
the following Spring ; fo that I al-
ways prefer that Seafon.

The fixth Sort grows fhrubby, and
will abide feveral, Years, provided
the Plants are fheltered in the Win-
ter; for they will not live in the

HY
open Air at that Seafon: but it only
requires to be protected from Froft ;
therefore if thefe Plants are placed
under a common Hot-bed-frame in
Winter, where they may enjoy as
much free Air as poffible in mild
Weather, they will thrive better than
when they are more tenderly treat-
ed. This Sort may be eafily propa-
gated by Cuttings, which, if planted
in a fhady Border, during any: of the
Summer-months, will take Root in
a Month or fix Weeks; and may be
afterward planted in Pots, and treat-
ed like the old Plants.

This Sort will frequently ripen
Seeds ; but if thefe are not fown
in the Autumn, they rarely grow.

HYPECOON. We have no Eng-
life Name for this Plant.

The Charaéers are;

The Flower confifts of four Leaves, |
which are placed in form of a Crofs 5
thefe are ufually divided into three
Parts: out of the Flower-cup rifes
the Pointal, which afterward becomes
a plain fmooth jointed Pod, full of
hkiduey-foaped Seeds, which are inclo-
Jed in each foint.

he Species are ;

1. Hypecoon Jasiore folio, Tourn.
Broad-leav’d Hypecoon. |

2. HyPrcoon tenuiore folic. Tourn.
Narrow leav’d Hy pecoon.

3. Hyrecoon Orientale, latiore
Solio, fore magno. Tourn. Cor. Eafi-
ern Hypecoon, with a broader Leaf,
and a large Flower. |

4. Hypecoon Orientale, fumaria
folio. Tourn. Cor, Eaftern Hypecoon,
with a Fumitary-leaf.

The firit and fecond Sorts grow
plentifully in the South of France,
in Spain, and Italy ; but the third
and fourth Sorts were difcovered by
Dr. Tournefort in the Levant; from
whence he fent their Seeds to the

Royal Garden at Paris.

—- -

Thef

- ‘HY

_ ‘Thefe Plants are all of them an-
nual; fo their Seeds fhould be fown
the Beginning of March, on a Bed
of frefh light Earth, where they are
to remain ; for they feldom fucceed,
if they are tranfplanted. When the
Plants are come up, they fhould be
carefully cleared from Weeds; and
where the Plants are too clofe, they
mutft be thinned, leaving them about
fix or eight Inches apart; after this
they will require no other Culture,
but to keep them conftantly clear
from Weeds. In Fune thefe Plants
will flower, and their Seeds will be
ripe in 4ugu/t.

Sometimes, when the Spring
proves very dry, the Seeds will not
grow the firft Year; but if the
Ground. is kept clear from Weeds,
and not difturbed, the Plants will
come up the following Spring. I
have known the Seeds of thefe Plants
remain in the Ground two Years,
and the Plants have come up the
third Spring very well; fo that it
may be very proper to fow fome of
their Seeds in Autumn, foon after
they are ripe, in a warm Border,
where the Plants may come up
early the following Spring; and
thefe will be ftronger, and more like-
ly to perfect Seeds, than thofe fown
in the Spring; by which Method
the Kinds may be preferved.

Thefe Plants are feldom propa-
sated but by thofe who are curious
in Botany, tho’, for thefake of Va-
riety, they may have a Place in large
Gardens, becaufe they require very
little Trouble to cultivate them ; and
as they take up but little room, fo
they may be intermixed with other
fmall annual Plants in large Borders,
where they will make a pretty Ap-
pearance.

The Juice of thefe Plants is ofa
yellow Colour, refembling that of
Celandine ; and is affirmed by fome

HY
eminent Phyficians to have the fame
Effect as Opium. :
HYPERICUM, St. John’s-wort.
The CharaGers are;

It hath a fbrofe Root: the Leaves
grow oppofite by Pairs at the Foints of
the Stalks: the Flower-cup confifts of
one Leaf, whichis divided into five
Parts, and expanded: the Flower,
which confifts of five Leaves, expands
in form of a Rofe, having many Sta-
mina in the Centre, furrounding a-
conicalOvary, which becomes a three-
cornered pointed Fruit, and is divided
into three Cells containing many /mall
Seeds.

The Species are ;

1. Hypericum wulgare.C. B. P.
Common St. John’s-wort.

2. Hypericum Afeyron dium,
caule quadrangalo. F. B. St. John’s-
wort, with a {quare Stalk, common-
ly call’d St. Peter’s-wort.

3. Hypericum fetidum frute-
feens. Tourn. Stinking fhrubby St.
John’s-wort.

4. Hyprericum /rutefcens Cana-
rienfe multifiorum. Hort. Amft. Shrub-
by St.John’s-wort from the Canaries,
with many Flowers.

5. Hypericum Orientale, flore
magno. T. Cor. Eaftern St. John’s-
wort, with a large Flower.

6. HyPericum willofumerefum,
caule rotundo.Tourn. Upright hairy
St. John’s-wort, witha round Stalk.

7. Hypericum = elegantiffimum
non ramofum, folio late. F¥. B. The
moft beautiful St. John’s-wort with-
out Branches, and a broad Leaf.

8. HyPERICUM winus erefurm.
C.B.P.Smalt upright St. John’s-wort.

9. HyverRicum minus (upinum,
vel fupinum glabrum. C B. P. Small
{mooth trailing St. John’s-wort.

10. Hypericum folio brewiore.
C. B. P.Short-leav’d St.John’s-wort,

11. Hypericum crifpum, trigue-

tro S cufpidato folio.Boce, Muf. Cur\-
Tt 3 ed

H ¥
ed St. John’s-wort, with a three-
corner’d and pointed Leaf.

12. Hypericum perfoliatum &F
erforatum. Tourn. Perfolizted and
perforated St. John’s-wort.

13, Hypericum amplo perfolato
Solio. Tourn. St. John’s-wort with a
‘large Thorough-wax leaf.

14. Hypericum 4loinum bumi-
dius, magno fore pundtato. Tourn.
Dwarf St. John’s-wort of the Alps,
with a large fpotted Flower.

15. HvPeraicu M /atifolium Lufi-
tanicum. ‘ourn. Broad-leav’d Portu-

guefe St John’s-wort.

16. Hyrericum Luftanicvm, Li- -

wariag fclio. Tourn Portuguefe St.
John’ s-wort, with a Toad figx-leaf.
17. Hypericum tomentofum Lu-
Sitanicum minimum. Tourg. The {mall-
‘eft woolly Portuguese St. John’s-
wort.

18. Hypericum Creticum [upi-
num, folio fubrotunds, flore magna.
Tourn. Cor Candy trailing St. John’s-
wort, with a roundifh Leaf, anda
large Flower.

. Hypericum Creticum, am-

ship mo folio ustido. Tourn. Cor Candy —

St. fohn’s wort, with a large fhining
Leaf.

20. Hypericum wvillofum, foliis
caulem ambientilus acutis, ceteris ve-
wo circivatis. Tourn. Cor. Fairy St.
_John’s-wort, with pointed Leaves
encompaffing the Stalk, and the Bot-
tom-leaves exact'y round.

21. Hypericum Orvientale, foliis

fubrotundis ausitis, cauli adherenti-
‘bus, Tourn.Car. E: oftern St. John’ S-
wort, with ronndifh-ear’d Leaves ad-
hering to the Stalk.

22. Hypericum Orientals, prar-
mice foliis. Tourn. Cor. Eoftern St.
John’s wort, with Sreezwort-leaves,

23 Hypericum Orientale, fois-
&o fimile, fed inodorum. Tourn, Cor.

Ecfern St John’s-wort. like the
Binking Kind, burt withost Smell.

H Y

24. Hypericum Orientale faxaz
tile, majorane folio. Tourn. Car.
Eaftern Rock St. John’ s-wort, with
a Marjoram-leaf.

25. Hypericum Orientale, an-
drofems hirfuto fimile, fed glabrum.
Tourn. Cor, Zaftern St. John’s-wort,
refembling hairy Tutfan, but fmooth.

26. Hypericum Oriental-, poly-
gont folio. Tourn. Cor. Eajflecs St.
John’s-wort, with a Knot-grafs leaf.

29. Hypericum Oriental, caule
afpero purpuree. Tourn. Cor. Eaftern
St. John’s-wort, with a rough pur-
ple Stalk.

28. Hypericum Orientale, caule
afpere purpur: o linavia folio. Tourn,
Cor. Exfiera St. John’s-wort, with a
rough purple Staik, and a Toad-
flax-leaf.

z9. Hypericum Ortentale, ro-
vifmarini folio glauco. Tourn. Cor,
Eaftern St. John’s-wort, with a fea-
green Ro{mary-leaf

30. Hypericum Orientale lati-
folium fubhirfutum, caule purpureo
villofo. Tourn. Cor. - Broad-leav’d
Eaftern St. John’s-wort, fomewhat
hairy, with a purple hairy Stalk.

The firft and fecond Sorts are both
very common Plants, growing in
the Fields in moft Parts of Exgland:
the firft is ufed in Medicine, but the
fecond is of no Ufe : thefe are rarely
propagated in Gardens ; but I choofe
to meniion them, in order to intro-
duce fome otherSorts, which deferve
a Place in every good Garden.

The third and fourth Sorts are
fhrubby Plants, which are very pro-
per to intermix with other flowering
Shrubs of the fame Growths ; where,
by their long Continuance in Flow-
er, they will make a very handiome
Appea' ance. The third Sort is of
an humble Stature, feldom rifing
above four Feet in Height; but the
fourth will grow to the Height of
{even or eight Feet.

: The&

HY

Thefe two Sorts are propagated
by Suckers, which are plentifully
fent forth from the old Plants. The
beft Seafon for taking off thefe Suck-
ers is either in Autumn, or in
March, jut before they begin to
fhoot: they fhould be planted in a
light dry Soil, in which they will
endure the fevereft Cold of our Cli-
mate very well. They may alfo be
propagated by Cuttings, which
fhould be planted at the fame Sea-
fon ; or by Seeds, which muft be
fown in Auguf? or September, which
is as foon as they are ripe ; for if
they are kept till Spring, few of them
will grow: but as they multiply fo
faft by Suckers, the other Methods
of propagating them are feldom pra-
Gifed in England.

The only Care thefe Shrubs re-
quire, is, to clear them from Suck-
ers every Spring, and to cut out
all decayed and luxuriant Branches,
in order to reduce them to a regular
Figure. They produce their Flow-
ers in uly, and continue flowering
until the End of September, which
renders them very agreeable; but
their Leaves, when bruifed, emit
a very rank Odour.

The fifth Sort is alfo an abiding
Plant; but it feldom rifes above
eighteen Inches, or two Feet-high.
This is propagated by parting the
Roots, and planting Cuttings in the
Spring: it is fomewhat tenderer
than the laft, but will endure the
Cold of qur ordinary Winters in
the oper Air, provided it be not too
much expofed to the cold Winds.
it may alfo be propagated by fow-
ing the Seeds in March, upon a Bed
of light Earth, in an open Sijtu-
ation; and when the Plants are
large enough to be tranfplanted,
they may be placed in the warm
Borders of the Pleafure-gard-n ; and
‘the Summer fo!lowing tey will pro-

H Y
duce their Flowers in large Quanti-
ties upon the Tops of the Branches ;
which, being of a large Size, and
a bright-yellow Colour, make 2a
very handfome Shew.

The fixth, feventh, eighth, and
ninth Sorts are Natives of Exgland,
growing in Woods, and other thady
Places, in divers Parts. The tenth,
eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth
Sorts grow in the South of France,
in Italy, and Spain ; yet are hardy
enough to endure the Cold of our
ordinary Wintersverywell in the open
Air. The fourteenth Sort grows on
the Alps. The fifteenth, fixteenth,
and feventeenth Sorts are Natives of
Portugal: but all the following
Sorts were difcovered by Dr. Tourne-_
Sort, in the Levant.

All thefe Plants may be propa-
gated by fowing their Seeds, foon
after they are ripe, on a Bed of frefh
undung’d Earth; and when the
Plants are come up, they fhould be
kept clear from Weeds : the follow-
ing Spring they may be tranfplanted
to the Places where they are to re-
main; after the Plants have taken
new Root, they will require no far-
ther Care, but to keep them clear
from large Weeds ; which, if fuffered
to grow amongft them, will over-
bear and deftroy them. —

Mott of the Kinds, being Natives
of Woods, and fhady Places, will
grow very well under the Drip of
Trees ; fo that they may be planted
in large Wildernefs-quarters, where
they will thrive, and makea pretty —
Variety. But it will be proper to
keep a few Plants of each Kind in
a fhady Border; where, if they are —
permitted to fhed their Seeds, they
will produce a Supply of young
Plants, whereby the Kinds may be

“preferved : for as fome of the Kinds

do not continue above two or three
Years, fo, where there is not Care
Tt, taken

J

°

i D se bs,
taken to have a conftant Supply of
young Plants, their Kinds will be
loft ; for where the Shade of the
Wildernefs 1s very thick, the Seeds
which fall there will not fucceed ;
becaufe the Leaves of theTrees, fall-
ing in Autumn, when the Seeds are
ripe, cover the Ground; whereby
the Seeds either do not reach the
Earth, or, if they do, they are fo
cloiely covered by the falling Feaves,
that they cannot enjoy the Benefits
of the Air; fo that they rarely

row.

HYPERICUM FRUTEX. Vide
Spirza.

HYPOCISTIS,

We have no Exg/i/> Name for this
Plant.

The Chara&ers are;

Lt hath a bell /haped Flower con-

Sifiing of one Leaf, which is cut into

» feveral Segments at the Brim: the

hinder Part of the Flowcr becomes a
Soft Fruit, divided into Rays, in which
@re contained the Seeds,

The Species are;

1. Hypocisris Cretica, flore
purpurea. Tourn. Cor. Candy Aypo-
ciftis, with a purple Flower.

z. Hypocisris furpurea, flore
¢andicante. icourn. Cor. Purple Hy-

_ pociftis, with a white Flower.

3. Hypocistis fore /utco. Tourn.
Cor. Hy pociitis with a yellow Flow-
er.

4. Hyrocistis pallefcentis colo-
vis, lineis purpurafcentibus © nouni-
bil vircfeentibus difinGa. Cluf. Hift.
Pale-coloured Hypociftis, with pur-
plith Lises.

. 'Thefe Plants grow from the Root
of the Cifius, or Rock-rofe ; fo can-
not be cultivated by Art; it being
a Superplant, like the Mifleto ;
and it is not known to grow on any
ather Plant but the Cifu:. But as
one of the Species is ufed in Medi-
cine, I thought ic proper to mention

‘aoe
the feveral Kinds which have beea .
difcovered.

HYSSOPUS, Hyffop. .

The CharaGers are;

It is a wveritcillate Plant, with
long narrow Leaves: the Galea (or
Crefi) of the Flower is roundifh,
eredl, and divided inta two Parts:
the Barba (or Beard) is divided into
three Parts: the middle Part is hol-
lowed like a Spoon, having a double
Point, and is fomewhat winged : the
Whorles of the Flowers are foort, and
at the Lower-part of the Stalk are
placed at a@ great Diftance, but to-

“ward the Top are clofer join'd, fo as

to form a regular Spike.
The Species are ;

1. Hyssopus offcinarum carus
lea, feu fpicata, C. B. P.. Common
Hyfiop of the Shops, with blue
Flowers growing in a Spike.

2. Hyssorpus wulgaris alba.
€. B. P. Common Hyflop, with
a white Flower.

3. Hyssopus rubro fiore.C. B. P,
Hyffop with a red Flower.

4. Hyssorus montana Macedoni-
ca, Valerandi Dourez. F..B. Moun-
tain Macedonian Hyflop.

5- Hyssopus humilior myrtifolia.
H. R. Par. Dwarf myrtle-leav’d
Hyfiop.

6. Hyssopus utringue florida.
Dod. pempt. Hyfiop bearing Flowers
on every Side. ,

7. Hyssopus wulearis, mofchum
redolens. C. B. P. Common Hyflop,
fmelling like Mutk.

8. Hyssorus crifpa. Gefner.Hort. -
Curled Hyffop.

9. Hyssopus foliis diffectis.
C. B. P. Hyffop with cut Leaves.

10. Hyssopus /pica brevi & ro-
tunda. C. B. P. Ayflop witha fhort
and round Spike. 2

11. Hyssopus verficolr five au-
reus. Park. Par. Gold-ftriped Hyf- _
fop.

12. Hys-

“

ae oe ae
HY

‘a2, Hyssopus birfuta.C. B. P.
Hairy Hyflop. ~

13. Hyssopus hirfuta, flore albo.
Tourn. Hairy Hyffop, with a white
Flower.

All the Sorts of Hyffop are pro-
pagated either by Seeds or Cuttings :
if by the Seeds, they muft be fown
in March, upon a Bed of light fan-
dy Soil; and when the Plants come
up, they fhould be tranfplanted out
to the Places where they are to re-
main, placing them at leaft a Foot
afunder each Way : but if they are
defigned to abide in thofe Places
for a long time, two Feet Diftance
will be fmall enough; for they grow
pretty large, efpecially if they are
not frequently cut, to keep them
within Compafs. They thrive beft
upon a poor dry Soil, in which Si-
tuation they will endure the Cold of
our Climate better than when they
are planted ‘on a richer Soil. ‘If you
would propagate them by Cuttings,
they fhould be planted in 4pri/ or
May, in a Border where they may
be defended from the violent Heat
of the Sun; and being frequently
watered, they will take Root in
about two Months; after which,
they may be tranfplanted where they
are to continue, managing them as
was before directed for the Seedling-
‘plants.

The firft Sort was formerly more
cultivated than at prefent in Exg/and,
that being the Sort commonly ufed
in Medicine. The other Species are
preferved in curious Gardens for
their Variety ; but they are feldom
cultivated for Ufe.

_ All thefeSorts of Hyffop are very
hardy Plants, which will endure the
Cold of our Winters in the open
Air, provided they are planted ina
dry undunged Soil; for when they
-are planted ina rich Soil, they grow
very luxuriant in Summer, and are

ae Sa

lefsable to refift the Cold in Winter ;
fo thar-when any of thefe Plants
erow out of the Joints of old Walls
(as they frequently do), they will
refit the moft fevere Froft; and will
be much more aromatic, than thofe
which grow in a rich Soil.

It hath been a great Difpute
amongft mcdern Writers, whether
the Hyfflop now commonly known
is the fame which is mention’d in
Scripture: about which there is
great room to doubt, there being
very little Grounds to afcertain that
Plant: tho’ it is moft generally
thought to be the Winter-favory,
which Plant is nowin great Requeft
amongft the Inhabitants of the Ea-
fern Countries, for outward Wath-
ings or Purifications.

de Boel Hehehe Ho Foch Poche fe Hook oeHoe

JA

ACE A, Knapweed.
The CharaGers are;

It is one of the Herbe capitate,
or headed Plants the Calyx, or Cup, is
JSquamofe : theBorders of theLeaves are
commonly equal, being neither ferrated
nor indented: the Florets round the
Border of the Head are barren; but
thofe placed in the Centre are fucceeded
each by one Seed, having a Down ad-
bering to it.

The Species are;

1. Jaca xigra pratenfis latifolia,
C B. P. Broad-leav’d meadow black
Knapweed.

2. JACEA cum fquamis pennatis,
five capite villof:. F. B. Woolly-
headed Knapweed.

3. JaACEA montana candidiffima,
febes foliis. C.B.P. Mountain Knap-
weed, with very white Leaves.

4. JACEA

a
. *
.

JA

4. Jacea Luftanica JSempervirens.
H. R. Par.
Knapweed.

5. Jacea Epidaurica, candidifi-
wa §F tomentofa, Tourn. White wool-
ly Knapweed of Ragu/a.

6. JacEa ¢yanoides, echinato capite.
C. B. P. Prickly-headed Knapweed.

7. JacEA cum /quamis cilti inflar
pilofis. F. B. Knapweed with hairy
‘Scales.

8. Jacea nigra, fquamofo capite,
major, C. B. P. Greater black Knap-
weed, with a fcaly Head.

g. JacEa nigra, /quamofa capite,
minor. C. B. P. Smaller black Knap-
weed, with a fcaly Head.

10. JacEa vulgaris laciniata, flore
purpureo. Tourn. Great Knapweed,
or Matfellon.

11. Jacea vulgaris laciniata, flore
albo. Tourn. Great Knapweed, or
Matfellon, with a white Flower.

12. Jacea latiffimo laciniato folie.
C.B.P. Knapweed with a broad
jagged Leaf.

13. Jacea cinerea laciniata, flore
purpureo. Triumf. Jagged afh-co-
loured Knapweed, with a purple
Flower.

14. Jacea foliis cichoraceis vill
jis, altiffima, flore purpureo. Tourn.
The talleft Knapweed, with hairy
Succory-leaves, anda purple Flower.
"15. Jacea foltis cichoraceis villo-
fis, altiffima, flore albo. Tourn. The
talleft Knapweed, with hairy Sac-
cory-lcaves, and a white Flower.

16. Jacea foliis eruce lanuginofis.
Tourn. Kuapweed with woolly
Rocket-leaves.

17. Jacea foliis candicantibus la-
ciniatis, calyculis non fplendentibus.

Tourn. Knapweed with whitith jag-

ged Leaves, and an Empalement not

fhining.
18. Jacza fois laciniatis wviri-
Asbus, .calyculis argentcis. Tourn.

Portugal ever-green

_ J A.
Knapweed with green jaggedLeaves,
and filver Empalements,

19. Jacea calyculis argenteis, mi-
nor. Tourn. Lefier Knapweed, with
filver Empalements.

29. Jacza Alpina, fuccife folie.
Tourn. Mountain Knapweed, with
a Devils-bit-leaf.

21. Jacea folic cerinthes, e Rupe
ViGoria. Tourn. Knapweed with an
Honeywort-leaf. —

22. JaceaHifpanica latifolia, nere
vis foliorum lanuginofis. Bocce. Muf.
Broad-leav'’d Spani/> Knapweed, with
the Nerves of the Leaves woolly.

23. Jacea Cretica aculeata in-
¢ana. Tourn. Hoary prickly Knap-
weed of Creze.

24. JAcEA tomentofa, foliis undu-
latis. Tourn. Woolly Knapweed,
with waved Leaves. .

25. Jacea Cretica faxatilis, gla-
fii folio. Tourn. Cor. Rock Knap-
weed of Candy, with a Woad-leaf.

26. Jacea Cretica laciniata ar-
gentea, parvo fore flavefcente. Tourn,
Cor. Silver-jagged Candy Knap-
weed, with afmall yellowith Flower.

27. Jacea Creti¢a acaulos, ci-
chorit folio, Tourn. Cor. Candy Knap-
weed, without a Stalk, and a Suc-
cory -leaf.

28. Jacea Origntalis acaulos, ¢i
thorii folio, flore citrine. Tourn. Cor.
Eaftern Knapweed, without a Stalk,
and a citron-colour’d Flower.

2g. Jacea Orientalis patyla, care
thami facie, flore lutee magno. Tourn,
Cor. Spreading Eaffern Knapweed,
with the Face of Baftard-faffron, and
a large yellow Flower.

30. Jacea Orientalis, conyzae fe-
lio, fore magno. Tourn. Cor. Eaffern
Knapweed, with a Fleabane-leaf,
and a large Flower.

31. JacEa Orientalis, cyani fo-
lio, flore parvo, calyce argenteo. Tourn.
Cor. Eaftera Knapgweed, with a

; :

Biue;,

JA
Blue-bottle-leaf, and a fmall Flower
with a filver Empalement.

z. JaceEa Oricntalis, folio finuato
jb tomentofo, flore pyurpureo. Tourn.

_ Cor. a ye Knapweed, with a

finuated Leaf, hoary underneath,
and a purple Flower.

33. JacEa Orientalis maritima
jncana, coronopi folio. Tourn. Cor.
Eaftern maritime hoary Knapweed,
with a Bucks-horn-leaf.

34. Jacea Orientalis perennis, late
coronopi folio, flore purpurafcente.
Tourn. Cor. Perennjal Eaftern Knap-
weed, witha broad Bucks-horn-leaf,
and a purplifh Flower.

35. Jacea Orientals perennis, an-
gupifime FJ incano coronopi folio,
fiore purpurcfeente. Tourn. Cor. Per-
ennial Eafern Knapweed, with a

very narrow and hoary Bucks-horn-

leaf, and a purplifh Flower.

36. Jacea Orientoks laciniata in-
cana &F mofbata, Tourn. Cor. Hoary
mufk jagged-leav’d Eaficrx Knap-
weed.

37. Jacea lutea /pinofa centaurio-
tdes.C. B. P. Prickly yellow Knap
weed, like the greater Centaury

38. Jacea latifolia purpurea, ca-
pitulo fpinefo. C. 8. P. Broad-leav'd
purple Knapweed, with a prickly
Head. :

39. Jacea /pinofa Cretica, an fpe-
cies hyofiriais Plinti, Zan. Prickly
Knapweed of Candy, fuppofed to be
a Species of Hyofris of Piiny.

40. Jacea marina Betica. Park.

Theat. Sea Spanifb Knapweed.
_4t. Jacea cyanoides altera, ccule
alato.. Par, Bat. Another Knap-

4 weed like Blue bottle, with a winged

Stalk.
42. Jacea Melitenfis, capitulis
conglobatis. Bocc. Rar. Plant. Knap-

weed of Malta, with conglobated

Heads.
43. Jacea Orientalis annua, coro-

opi folic, flore luteo. Tourn. Cor, An-

JA
nual Eaffern Knapweed, with a
Bucks - horn - leaf, and a yellow
Flower.

44. Jacea arborefcens, fryracis fa-
fio. Tcurn. Tree Knapweed, with a
Storax-tree-leaf.

45. Jace. Cretica frutefcens, eli-
chryfi folio, flore magno purpurafcente.
Tourn. Cor, Shrubby Knapweed of
Candy, with a Goldylock-leaf, and
a large purplifh Flower

46. Jacea frute/cens, plantaginis
folio, flore albs. Tourn. Cor. Shrub-
by Knapweed, with a Plantain-leaf,
and a white Flower.

The firit, fecond, feventh, eighth,
ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth
Sorts are Plants of no great Beauty
or Uie : fome of thefe grow wild by
the Side of Foot-paths almoft in
every Part of Exgland, and become
very troublefome Weeds in the
Fields: others of them grow upon
arable Land amongft Corn, and are
no lefs troublefiome Weeds: but the
firft Sort is fo common in many of
the Paftures, as to occupy molt Part
of tne Land, to the great Prejudice
of the Grafs; therefore, by all good
Hufbandmen, fhould be rooted out.
The only Way to deitroy this Plant
in the Paftures is twice every Year;
viz. Spring and Autumn, to cut up
all the Roots with a Spaddle; for
as thefe are perennial Plants, fo,
unlefs their Roots are cut up below
the Buds, they will grow again, were
their Tops cut off every Month:

. but if the Meadows are kept clear of

thefe Plants, for two or three Years,
in which time it may be fuppofed,
that all, or the greateit Part, of the
Seeds, which may have been {catter-
ed, has grown, avery little Trouble
afterward will keep the Fields clean,
The fame Method fhould alfo be
taken with thefe Plants, when they
grow by the Sides of Foot-paths, or
under Hedges; becaufe, if thefe are

not

4
Ee

JA

fot rooted out, their Seeds, having
Wings to them, will be wafted by
the Wind over the whole Field; fo

that the Labour of weeding the

Fields will be loft, where the Hedges
are full of bad Weeds.

The third, fifth, thirteenth, twen-
ty-fourth, twenty-fifth, forty-fourth,
and forty-fifth Sorts are- abiding
Plants, which are frequently pre-
ferved in Gardens for their Beauty.
The third and fifth have very white
filver Leaves, which make a fine Ap-
pearance thro’ the Year; but thefe
are too tender to live in the open
Air in Exgland thro’ the Winter ; fo
that the Plants fhould be planted in
Pots filled with light loamy Earth ;
and if they are fheltered under an
Hot-bed-frame in Winter, giving
them as much Air as poffible in
mild Weather, they will do better
than when they are treated more

tenderly ; and fome of the Plants

may be turned out of the Pots in the
Spring, and planted in warm Bor-
ders, where they will flower better
than thofe which are kept in Pots,
and will more certainly produce
Seeds: but it will be advifeable to
keep fome Plants of each Sort in
Pots, left thofe which are planted
abroad fhould be deftroyed, whereby

“the Sorts may be lof.

The fixteenth, feventeenth, eigh-
teenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twen-
ty-firit, and twenty-fecond Sorts are
alfo perennial Plants. Thefe grow

_ wild in feveral Parts of Europe; but

are not Natives of Exgland.

All thefe Sorts may be propagated
by Seeds, which fhould be fown in
March, on a Bed of frefh undunged

_ Earth : when the Plants begin to ap-

pear, they muft be carefully cleared
from Weeds; and as foon as they
are fit to tranfplant, they fhould be
removed, and planted in Beds of un-
dunged Earth, at about a Foot Di-

JA
ftance every Way. Thefe Plants
muft be watered, and if the Seafon
is hot, they fhould be fhaded until
they have taken new Root; after
which time they will require no far-
ther Care but to keep them clear
from Weeds until Michaelmas fol-
lowing, when they fhould be taken
up and tranfplanted where they are
defigned to remain; the common
hardy Sorts under Trees, in Wilder-
nefs-quarters, and other abject Parts
of the Garden, where they will abide
many Years, and only require to be
kept clear from the largeft Weeds,
which will overbear them; but as
for lefler Weeds, they will not hure
them: the other Sorts, which are
more tender, fhould be planted in a
warmer Situations and on a lean
ftony Soil, where they will endure
the Cold of our Winters very well,
and afford an agreeable Variety. —

The fixth, fourteenth, fifteenth,
thirty-feventh, forty-firft, forty-fe-
cond, and forty-third Sorts are an-
nual Plants. The Seeds of thefe
muft be fown either'in March, or the
Beginning of September. Thofe which
are fown in Autumn will come up,
and the Plants will be ftrong enouga
to refift the Froft, provided they are
in a warm Border; and thefe Plants
will flower much ftronger, and come
earlierinthe Seafon, than thofe fown
in the Spring; fo that thefe will al-
ways produce good Seeds. But if
thefe autumnal Plants fhould be de-
ftroyed by fevere Froft, then fome of
their Seeds fhould be fown in March,
on a Bed of Earth, where they
are defigned to remain: for thefe
Plants will not be large enough to
tranfplant till May, when the Seafon
is generally warm ; fo that it will
be difficult to make the Plants take
Root, unlefs they are conftantly
fhaded and watered: jt is a better
Method therefore to fow thefe Seeds.

/ in,

4

2 wie

“Jn the Spring on the Borders where
they are to remain; and then all the
Care required will be, to clear them
from Weeds, and thin the Plants
where they come up too clofe: but
thofe Plants which come up in Au-
tumn, may be tranfplanted out the
Beginning of March 5 at which time
they will foon take Root, and then
will require no farther Culture but
to keep them clear from Weeds.
Thefe Plants continue a long time
‘in Flower, efpecially the fixth Sort ;
which renders them worthy of a
Place in every large Garden.

The twenty-fifth, forty-fourth,
forty-fifth, and forty-fixth Sorts are
fhrubby Plasts, which rife to the
Height of four or five Feet, and their
Stems become woody. ‘Thefe are
Natives of the Archipelago, from
whence their Seeds have been fent to
feveral curious Botanic Gardens; but
at prefent they are very rare in Exg-
land. ‘They may be propagated by
fowing of their Seeds in March, on
a warm Border of frefh Earth; and
when the Plants are come up, they
muft be carefully weeded, and when
they have acquired Strength enough,
they fhould be carefully taken up,
and each tranfplanted into a feparate
{mall Pot filled with frefh light Earth,
and placed in the Shade until they
have taken new Root; when they
may be returned into an open Situa-

tion, where they may remain till Oc-

tober following: after this they fhould -

be treated in the fame manner, as
hath been directed for thethird, fifth,
. Jc. as may allthe Lafcrn Kinds.
The following Spring a few Plants
of each Kind may be fhaken out of

the Pots, and planted in warm dry —

Borders, where they will live thro’
the Winter, provided the Froft is not
very fevere ; and thefe Piants will
flower much ftronger than thofe in
Pots; but it will be proper to keep

7

Na er ae
JA
two Plants of each Kind in Pots to
be fheltered in Winter, for fear thofe
abroad fhould be deftroyed, that the
Kinds may be preferved.
Thefe Plants feldom produce good
Seeds in this Country ; fo that when
the Plants are obtained, they may ©
be propagated by Cuttings, which
fhould be planted about the Middle
of June ona fhady Border ; where, if
they are duly watered, they will
take Root in about two Months ;
but it will be proper to let them re-
main in the fame Border until the
Beginning of September, when they
fhould be carefully taken up, and
planted into Pots, and placed in the
Shade until they are rooted: then
they may be expofed in an open
Situation tll the Middle or Latter-
end of Odfober, when they fhould be
removed into Shelter, and managed’
as hath been directed for thofe Plants
which are raifed from Seeds. In
Summer thefe Plants will flower,
when they will afford an agreeable
Profpect, if they are placed among
other hardy Exotic Plants; and as
they are ever-green, they add to the
Variety in Winter.
JACOBAVA, Ragwort.
The CharaGers are;

It hath a radiated Flower, the
Tube of which is almoft of a cylindri-
cal Figure, and the Seeds are faftened
to Down : tawhich may be added, T e
Leaves are deep!y laciniated, or jagged.

The Species are ;

1. Jacosmea vulgaris laciniata,
C.B.P. Common Ragwort.

z. Jacopma latifolia paluftris, |
five aquatica. Raii Hiff. Broad-
leav’d Marth Ragwort.

3. Jacopza Alpina, foliis fubro-
tundis ferratis. C. B. P. Roundifh
fawed-leav’d Ragwort of the 4/s.

4. Jacopma Alpina, folits longio-
ribus ferratis. Tourn. Ragwort of
the Ais, with long fawed Leaves.

5. Jaca-

JA

§. Jacop4&a montana, betonice
Solio. Barr. Icon. Mountain Rag-
wort, with a Betony-leaf.

6. Jacosz£a chryfanthemi Cretici
Solio glauco, Tourn. Ragwort with
a fea-green Chryfanthemum-leaf.

7. Jacop@a fenecionis folio in-
cano, perennis. Rati Hiff. Perennial
hoary Ragwort, with a Groundfel-
leaf.

8. Jacopma Pannonica prima.
Cluf. Hift. Mountain Ragwort,
with an undivided Leaf.

9. Jacopea foliis amplioribus in-
canis. Mor. H.R Blef. Ragwort
_ with large hoary Leaves.

10. JACOB AA maritima, five Gi-
neraria latifolia. C. B. P. Broad-
leav'd Sea Ragwort.

ti, Jacopwa feliis ferulaceis,
Jlore minore. Tourn, Ragwort with
Fenel - giant - leaves, and a {maller
Flower.

12. Jacoazwa folks ferulaceis,
Slore majore. Tourn. Ragwort with
Fenel - giant - leaves, and a larger
Flower.

13. Jacopza Africana, botryos
folio. Boerh. Ind. alt. African Rag-
wort, with an Oak-of- Ferujalem-leaf.

14. Jacopza Chia, /Senecionis
Solio villofo, fore magno. Tourn. Cor.
Ragwort of Chic, with an hoary
Ground(el-leaf, and a large Flower.

15. JacoBz£a Orientalis, fenecio-
nis folio tenuiffime divifo, non incano,
flere magno. Tourn. Cor. Eaftern
Ragwort, with a very narrow-di-
vided Groundfel leaf, not hoary,
and a large Flower.

16. Jacopza Greca maritima,
feliis fuperne virentibus, inferue inca-
nis. Lourn. Cor. Greek Sea Rag-
wort, with Leaves green on their
upper Side, but hoary underneath.

17. Jacopma Africana frutijeus,
abrotant folio. Old. Shrubby African
Ragwort,with a Southern-wood-leaf.

fA

18. Jacosma Africana, abfinthii

Solis. Oldenl. African Ragwort, with
Wormwood-leaves.

1g. Jaconma Americana odorata
&F wvifcofa, florum radiis breviffimis

albis. Houfi. Sweet-fmelling vif-
cous American Ragwort, with very
fhort white Rays to the Flower.

20 JacoBz#a maritima. C. B.P.
Sea Ragwort.

21. JacoB#zA Afticana frutefcens;
Sore amplo purpureo, elegantiffimo fe-
necionis folio. Volk. Shrubby dfri-

can Ragwort, with an ample Flow--

er, and Leaves like Groundfel.

22. Jacos#a Africana frutefcens,
Soliis incifis, §F fubtus cincraceis.
Com. Rar. African fhrubby Rag-
wort, with cut Leaves, and the Un-
der-part of an Afh-colonr.

The firft Sort of Ragwort here
mentioned is one of the moft trouble-
fome Weeds, on poor wet Pafture-
lands, and on Commons, in almoft
every Part of Exgland; but is never
admitted into Gardens, becaufe’
where the Seeds are permitted to
{catter, the Down which adheres to
them will carry them to a great Di-
ftance ; fo that all the Ground will
be filled with the Weeds. The only
Method to deftroy this Plant in Pa-
ftures is, to go over the Land in
April, when the Weather is dry, and
with a Spaddle cut up the Piants by
their Roots; and, if the Weather
continues dry, they will foon decay.
This Work fhould alfo be repeated
in Avguff, to cut up fuch Plants as
may have come up fince 4prz/; and

if this be repeated two or thre.

Years, never futiering any of the
Plants to ftand to flower, it will ef-
fecivally deftroy them.

The fecond Sort is alfoa very com-
mon W'ced on low marfhy Lands,
where tue Water ufually ttands in
Winter. This is alfo very trouble-

~ fome-

JA
-fome on many Commons, and other
Paftures; but may- be deftroyed in
_ the fame manner as the former.

The third, fourth, and fifth Sorts
are Natives of the A/ps, and Pyrenean
Mountains, from whence they have

been procured, and are preferved in-

feveral curious Botanic Gardens for
the fake of Variety. They may be
_ propagated by Seeds, which fhould
‘be fown in the Spring, on a Bed of
frefh Earth; and when the Plants
are come up, they fhould be care-
fully weeded ; and when they are
firong enough to be removed, they
fhould be tranfplanted into a ftrong
loamy Soil, where they will continue
mhany Years, and require no other
Culture but to clear them from
Weeds.

The fixth,eighth, thirteenth, four-
teenth, and fifteenth Sorts are an-
nual Plants, which fhould be fown
in the Spring on a Bed of freth light
Earth, whiere they are defigned to
remain; and when the Plants come
up, they fhould be thinned where
they are too clofe, and kept clear
from Weeds ; which is all the Cu!-
ture they require. In Zune they
will flower, and their Seeds will ri-
pen foon after; which, if permitted
to featter, will furnifh a Supply of
young Plants where-ever the Seeds
fall.

The feventh and eighth Sorts
grow wild in England. The feventh
is a lafting Plant, which grows un-
der Hedges, and in Woods, in di-
vers Parts of Exgland; but the eighth
Sort is an annual Plant, which is
ufually found on dry Hills in fome
Counties near London.

The tenth Sort differs from the
common Sea Ragwort, in being
much broader-leav’d, and not fo
hoary : this is a lafting Plant, which
will endure the Froft in the open
Air very wéll, and may be treated

JA
as is dire€ted for the common Sea
Ragwort. ;

The eleventh and twelfth Sorts
are alfo abiding Plants, which may
have a Place in large Gardens, for
the fake of Variety. Thefe Plants
have fine cut Leaves, and the Stems
grow erect about two Feet high, on
the Tops of which the Flowers grow
in an Umbel, which are of a fine
yellow Colour.

Thefe maybe propagated bySeeds,
which fhould be fown the Beginning
of March, on a Bed of freth light
Earth ; and when the Plants come
up, they fhould be thinned where
they are very clofe together, that
thofe remaining may grow ftronger :
when they are ftrong enough to re-
move, they fhould be tranfplanted
into a Bed of frefh Earth about fix
Inches apart, where they may re-
main till Michaelmas, being careful
to keep them clear from Weeds;
then they may be taken up, and
tran{planted into large Borders a-
mongft other hardy Plants ; where
they will flower the following Sum-
mer, and makean agreeable Variety.

The twentieth Sort was formerly
nurs’'d up with great Care, and
preferv’d in Winter amongit Oranges,
Myrtles, &c. in Green-houfes: but
of late it has been tranfplanted into
the open Air, where it is found to
thrive exceeding well ; and if plant-
ed in a dry Soil, and warin Situa-

tion, will very well endure the fe-

vereit Cold of our Climate.

This Piant, tho’ there is no great
Beauty in its Flowers, yet, for the
Oddnefs of its hoary regular jacged

Leaves, deferves to have a Place in’

every good Garden.

The twenty-firft Sort is preferved -

for the Beauty of its fine purple
Flowers, which continue a long
time; and growing in large Bunches,
afford an agreeable Profpedt.

Fhe

he 2 i".

ee a

JA

The twenty-fecond and twenty-
third Sorts grow to the Height of
five or fix Feet, and will abide feve-
ral Years, if carefully preferv’d in
Winter from extreme Cold: thefe
are commonly preferv’d in the Green-
houfe among other Exotic Plants,
for their Variety.

All thefe Sorts may be propagated
by Seeds, or Cuttings: but if you
propagate them by Seeds, you fhould
fow them in March upon a Bed of
light Earth; obferving to water the
Eed frequently in dry Weather,
otherwife the Plants will not come
up, About the Middle of May, if

your Seeds fhould fucceed well, the ~

Plants will be fit to tranfplant out ;
at which time you fhould put fome
of the two laft Sorts into Pots fill’d
with frefh light Earth, fetting them
in the Shade until they have taken
Root; after which they may be ex-
_ pofed in an open Situation until the
latter End of October, when they
muft be removed into Shelter. Du-
ring the Winter-feafon they muft be
frequently water’d, without which
they will foon decay ; and in Sum-
mer they mui be often pruned,
efpeciallythe twenty-firlt and twenty-
fecond Sorts, to make them regular ;
otherwife they are apt to be very
rude and unfightly ; for they grow
very vigoroufly.

‘The twenty-firft Sort will produce
Flowers and Seeds the firft Year,
and is often treated as an annnal

Plant: bat if it be houfed in the.

Winter, it will live very well for
two Years; but they thould be re-
newed every Year, otherwife they
are fubject to decay. The Cuttings
of the twenty-fecond Sort may be
_ planted in a fhady Border in any of
the Summer-months; - which, 1f
carefully watered, will. take Root
in a Month’s time, whereby they
may be greatly increafed.

*

fA OS

The Sea Ragwort may be alfa —

propagated by Cuttings or Slips,
which muft be planted and managed
as the others; and, when they are
rooted, may be tranfplanted into a
warm Situation, where they may
continue to flower and feed. It is
very fubject to degenerate when
rais'd from Seeds, whereby the
Whitenefs, which is the greateft
Beauty of this Plant, is greatly di-
minifhed, efpecially upon the upper
Parts of their Leaves; fo that the
fureft Method is, to propagate it by
Cuttings.
JALAPA, Marvel of Peru.
The CharaGers are;

It hath along thick flefhy fucculent
Root: the Leaves, which refemble
thofe of Night/bade, grow by Pairs
oppofite upon the Branches: the Stalks
and Branches are very full of Knots:
the Flower confifis of one Leaf, and
is foaped like a Funnel: in the Centre
of the Flower is placed the Ovary,
inwrapp'd in the Flower-cup, which
becomes an oblong five-corner’d umbili-
cated Fruit, confifiing of a mealy
Nutend?

This Title was given to this Ge-
nus of Plants by Dr. Tournefort,
upon the Information which he had
received from Father P/umzer, that
the Jalap which was ufedin Medi-
cine was one Species of this Genus ;
and accordingly he fuppofed it to be
the feveath Species; but from bet-
ter Authority we are now well af-
fured, that the Jalap is a Species of
Convolvulus: however, as thefe Plants
have, for near half a Century, been
known by this Title, I fhall conti-
nue it; tho’ Dr, Lixnzus has altered
icto Mirabilis: as by the old Wri-

ters in Botany it had been titled ©

Mirabilis. Pcruviana, from whence

the Bugis Name of Marvel of Pe-

rus but fince the Title of Miradilis

was given to this Genus by Dr. Liz-
REUS,

|
;

JA
neus, it hath been altered by Dr.
Van Royen, Profeflor of Botany at
Leyden, to Nyfage, from the Flow-
@rs opening in the Night.

The Species are;

1. JALAPA fore flavo. Tourn.
Jalap, or Marvel of Peru, with a
yellow Flower.

2. JaLaPa flore purpureo. Tourn.
Jalap, or Marvel of Peru, with a
‘purple Flower.

3. JavaPa fore exalbido. Tourn.
Jalap, or Marvel of Peru, with a
whitifh Flower.

4. JALAPA flore ex rubro, luteo,
EF albo mixto. Tourn. Jalap, or Mar-
vel of Peru, with red, yellow, and
white Flowers mix’d upon the fame
Plant.

5. Jatapa flore ex albo & pur-
purco elegantiffime variegato. Jalap,
or Marvel of Peru, with white and
purple Flowers finely variegated.

‘6. JALAPA parvo flore. Tourn.
Jalap with a fmall Flower.

7. JALAPA oficinarum, fruu ru-
gyo. Tourn. The fuppofed true Ja-
lap of the Shops, with a rough
Fruit.

Thefe Plants are all propagated
by Seeds, which fhould be fown up-
Ona moderate Hot-bed in March ;
and when they come up, they fhould
be tranfplanted into another Hotr-
bed, at fix Inches Diltance from each
other; and when they have taken
Root, the Glafles muft be railed
every Day, that the Plants may
have a great deal of Air, otherwife
_they are very fubje& to be drawn
up tall and weak; nor can they be
recovered to a fufficient Strength
again in a Month's time, if once
they are thus drawn. When the
Plants are grown to be a Foot high,
, they fhould be put into Pots filled
with rich light Earth, which fhould
be plunged into a very moderate
Flot-bed, to facilitate their taking
You. II.

~ Hot-bed.

JA

Root : and in removing them yor
muft be very careful to preierve as
much Earth to their Roots as you
can; for their Roots have but few
Fibres to retain it ina Ball, as many
other Plants will do: and it fomes
times happens, when the Root is
left bare, it feldom takes frefh Hold
of the Ground, at leaft not in a con-
fiderable time; fo that the Plants
will make but a poor Figure that
Seafon. When they are tranfplant-
ed into the Pots, and have taken
Root again, they fhould be harden-
ed to endure the open Air, for they
are mot very tender; but, on the
contrary, they will not thrive well,
if too much drawn or forced in the
In the Middle of May
the Pots may be removed into the
Places where they are defigned to be
continued for that Seafon ; obferving
to fupport the Branches witha ftrong
Stake, and to water them as often
as they require it. You may alfo in
May plant fome of them into the
Middle of the large Bordets of the
Pleafure-garden, doing it carefully,
and obferving to fhade and water
them until they have taken Root ;
after which, they will require no
farther Care but to fupport them
from being broken down by the
Winds, which they are very fubjeét
to be, efpecially when their Heads
are large.

The Plants, thus raifed, will grow,
to the Height of three or four Feet,
and {pread their Branches very wide
(efpecially if the Roots have room
in the Pots); their Flowers will be-
gin to appear in Fume, and they will
continue conftantly flowering unl
the Froft prevents them; which,
together with the great Diverfity of _
Colours in the Flowers upon the
fame Plant, renders them valuable
to every curious Perfon. The Flow-
ers of thefe Plants never expand in

Ua the

al ty
hy : ’
¢ .

eee! eee, © we ee a ee’
¢

qa

the Day-time, while the San is hot ;
but in the Evening, when the Sun

declines, they begin to open, and |

continue expanded till the Sun fhines
warm upon them the next Day ; fo
that when it happens to be cloudy
Weather, as alfo late in Autumn,
when the Weather iscool; the Flow-

~ers will remain open moft Part of

the Day. |

As the Flowers are produced fue-
ceflively almoft every Day, fo the
Seeds are in a fhort time after ripe,
and do foon fall to the Ground; fo
that when your Seeds begin to ripen,
you muft carefully look for them
upon the Ground twice a Week;
otherwife,. if they lie too long upon
the Ground, and there fhould fall
fome Rain, they will fprout, and be
good for nothing. In fowmg thefe
Seeds, you fhould be careful to

_ take them from fuch Plants as pro-

duced the greateft Variety of Flow-
ers; for if you fave them from
fuch as produce only plain-colour’d
Flowers, the Seeds will always pro-
duce the fame Sort; and thofe with
yellow and red variegated Flowers
will conitantly produce the fame ;

' thefe never varying from the Red
and Yellow to the Purple and White,

tho’ they will fometimes degenerate
into plain yellow or red Flowers,
as will the other into plain Purple
or White; but they will conftantly

retain one or both of their original |

Colours.

Altho’, in the above-written Cul-
ture of thefe Plants, I have directed
their Seeds tobe fown on an Hot-
bed, yet they may be propagated by
fowing them in a warm Border of
Jignt Earth toward the Latter end
of March; and when: the Plants
come up, they fhould be tranfplanted
as before directed: in which Me-
thod they will fucceed very well ;
bat will: not Sower fo foon by a

\

JA

Month or fix-Weeks as thofe raifed

on the Hot-bed, nor will the Plants
grow fo large.

When the Froft has pinch’d the
Leaves and Stems of thefe Plants,
you fhould take up their Roots,
whieh fheuld be laid to dry, and
then may be preferved in dry Sand
all the Winter, if feeured from the
Froft; and ia the following Spring
thefe Roots fhould be planted into
large Pots, and plunged into a mo- |
derate Hot-bed, to promote their
taking Root ; and when the Shoots
appear above-ground, they fhould

_be treated as was direéted for the

Seedling-plants, hardening them by
degrees to endure the open Air.
The Plants fo raifed will be much
larger than the Seedlings, and will
flower earlier in the Year.

The Sort with purple and white
Flowers is by much the moft beauti-
ful : however, a few Plants of the
yellow and red Sort may be inter-
mixed with them, for Variety.
Where any Perfon is very curious
to preferve the beft Seeds, they
fhould conftantly pinch off all the

plain Flowers from thofe Plants,

which they intend for Seed: if this
is carefully done, there will be fcarce
any of the Plants preduced from this
Seed with intire plain Fiowers.

The two laft Sorts are very com-
mon in the Iflands of America,
where by the Exgl/f they are call-
ed the Four o’Clock Flower, from
the Flowers opening about that time

in the Afternoon; and by the French |

they are called Belle de Nuit, from
the Flowers making a fine Appear- .
ance in the Night; but the Flowers
of both of thefe are {mall, and ge-.
nerally plain-colour’d; and the

Plants are alfo much tenderer than

thofe of the other Sorts; fo that
thefe are feldom cultivated in Exg-

JAS.

land,

4

JA

JASMINOIDES. Vide
and Lycium.

JASMINUM, The Jafmine, or
- Jeffamine-ttee.

The Chara@ers are;

The Leaves are in many Species
pinnated: the Cup of the Flower con-
Sifts of one Leaf, but is divided at the
Lop into five Segments: the Flower
confifts of one Leaf, is funnel-/baped,
and divided into five Segments: the
Flowers are fucceeded by Berries,
which fplit in the Middle, cach Side,
for the moft part, containing a Jepa-
vate Seed.

The Species are ;

1. Jasminum valgatius, flore al-
_ bo. C. B. P. The common white
Jafmine.

2. JasMINUM wulgatius, flore al-
bo, foliis ex luteo elegantiffime varie-
getis. The common white Jafmine,
with yellow-ftriped Leaves.

"3. Jasminum vulgatius, flore al-
bo, foliis ex albo eclegantiffime varie-
gatis. The common white Jafmine,
with white-ftriped Leaves.

4. Jasminum “humile luteum.
C. B. P. Dwarf yellow Jafmine,
commonly called, The /ta/ian yei-
low Jafmine. .

5. Jasminum luteum, wvulgo di-
Gum bacciferum. C. B. P. The com-
mon yellow Jafmine.

6. Jasminum Aumilius, magno
fore. C. B. P. The Spanifo-white, or
Catalonian Ja{mine.

7. JasMInuM humilius, magno flore
pleno. 'The double Spanij> Jafmine.

8. Jasminum Indicum flavum
odoratiffimum. Fer. Flor. The yellow

- Indian ja{mine.

g. Jasminum Azoricum trifolia-
tum, flore albo, cdoratiffimum. H. A.
The three-leav'd Axorian Jafmine,
with very fweet white Flowers,
commonly called, The Ivy-leav’d
Jafmine.

Ceftrum.

\

“JA

10. Jasminum feve Sambach Aras:

bum, Alpini. 7. B. The fingle Ara-
bian Ja{mine. ; |

11. Jasminum Arabicum, folits
limonii conjugatis, flore albo pleno
odoratiffimo. Boerh. Ind. The double
Arabian Jafmine.

12. Jasminum Arabicum, coftae
mee folio, fiore albo odoratiffima,
cujus frudus Coffze in officinis dicun-
tur nobis. Com. P). Uf. The Coffees
tree.

13. Jasminum Malabaricum, fo-
liis mali aurantii, fore niveo odoraa

.

tiffimo, Com. Jaf{mine of Malabar,

with Orange-leaves, and a fnow-
white very iweét-fcented Flower.
14. JasMINUM Americanum, fo-

lits conjugatis, floribus fpicatis albis..

Hou/?. American Jafmine, with Leaves
growing oppofite, and white Flow-
ers growing in Spikes.

is. Jasminum arborefcens, foltis
laurinis, flore umbellato. Houft. Tree
like Jafmine, with Bay-leaves, and
Flowers growing in an Umbel.

The firft Sort is very common in
moft Englih Gardens, being much
cultivated for the Sweetnefs of itg
Flowers. The fecond and third
Sorts are accidental Varieties from
the firt, and may be obtained by
inoculating the Buds of thefe into
the common Jafmaine; which, altho’
the Buds fhould perifh, as it often
happens, yet it feldom fails to ftain
both the Leaves and Branches of
the old Plant into which the Buds
were put: fo that by inoculating
fome of thefe Buds into fome young
Branches in divers Parts of an old

Tree, they will not fail to tinge the’

whole Tree in a fhort time.

The common white’ fafmine is
eafily propagated by laying down
the tender Branches in the Spring,

which, by the fucceeding Spring, ~

will be rooted ftrong enough to be
Use trant

, JA

tranfplanted. They may alfo be
raifed by Cuttings, which fhould be
planted im Autumn in a moilt Bor-
der, where they may have the morn-
ing Sun: but they mutt be fcreened
from the Violence of the Sun in the

Heat of the Day, and frequently
watered in dry Weather. The Cut-
tings, thus managed, will many of
them live, and have Roots fit to be
removed in the following Spring:
but this Method is feldom practifed,
the Layers always making the bett
Plants.

When thefe Plants are removed,
they fhould be planted where they
are defign’d to be continued; which
fhould be either againtt fome Wall,
Pale, or other Fence, where the
flexible Branches may be fupported:
for altho’ it is fometimes planted as
a Standard, and form’d into an
Head, yet it will be very difficult to
keep it in any handfome Order ; or
if you do, you muff cut off all the
flowering Branches; for the Flow-
ers are always produced at the Iix-
tremity of the fame Year’s Shoots,
which, if fhorten’d before the Flow-

ers are blown, will intirely deprive.

the Trees of Flowers. Thefe Plants
fhould be permitted to grow rude in
the Summer, for the Reafon before
given: nor fhould you prune and
nail them until the Middle or Lat-
ter-end of March, when the froity
Weather is paft; for if itfhould prove
fharp frofty Weather after their rude
Branches are pruned off, and the
itrong ones are expos’d thereto, they
are very often deftroyed; and. this
Piant being very backward in fhoot-
ing, there will be no Danger of
husting them by late pruning.

The two firip’d Sorts fhould be
planted im a warm Situation, efpe-
cially the white-firip’d ; for they are.
much more tender than the plain,
and are very fubject to be deflroyed

JA
by great Frofts, if they are expds'd.
thereto: therefore it will be proper
to preferve a Plant of each Kind in
Pots, which may be removed into
the Green-houfe in Winter, left, by
expofing them to the Cold, they
fhould all be dettroyed, and the
Variety loft.

‘The common yellow Jafmine was
formerly in greater Plenty in Exgland
than at prefent, and was planted
againft Arbours, &c. to cover them,
tho’ it is not near fo proper for that
Purpote as the white Sort, it being
of much flower Growth, nor will it
ever extend its Branches fo far as
that; but however, it may havea
Place among the flowering Shrubs of
low Growth, where it may be with
more Eafe reduced toa Standard than
the other. ‘This Plant fiowers in
May and Fune; but they have very
little Scent, which has occafioned its
being tefs regarded, It may be pro-
pagated by Suckers, which it gene-
rally produces in great Numbers ;
or by Layers, as was directed for
the common Sort; and are full as
hardy. This Sort ieldom rifes above
five or fix Feet high.

The Dwarf yellow Jafmine is
fomewhat tenderer than the former ;
yet will it endure the Cold of our
ordinary Winters, if it be planted in
a warm Situation. The Flowers of
this Kind are generally larger than
thofe of the common Sort, and bet-
ter icented ; but are feldom produced
fo early in the Seafon. It may be
propagated by laying dewn the ten-
der Branches, a3 was directed for the
common white Sort ; or by budding
or inarching it upon the common
yellow Jafmine ; the latter of which
is preferable, as making the Plants
hardier than thofe which are obtain-
ed from Layers: they fhould be
planted againf{ a warm Wall3 and
in very fevere Winters will require

ce

JA
to be fheltered with Mats, or fome
other Covering, otherwife they are
fubjeét to be deftroyed. ‘The Man-
ner of Dreffing and Pruning being
the fame as was direéted for the white
Jafmine, I thall net repeat it.

The Spanifo white, or Catalonian
Jafmine, is one of the moft beauti-
ful.of all the Sorts, as alfo extreme-
ly fweet-fcented : the Flowers of this
Kind are much larger than any of
the others, and are commonly of a
red Colour on the Outfide. This
Plant is propagated by budding or
inarching it upon the common white
Jafmine, on which it takes very
well, and is rendered hardier than
thofe which are upon their own
Stocks. But thofe of this Kind being
broughtover from /ra/y every Spring
info great Plenty, they are feldom
raifed here: I fhall therefore pro-
ceed to the Management of fuch
Piants as are ufually brought into
England from the Place above-men-
tioned, which generally are ty’d up
in {mall Bunches, containing three
er four Plants, and their Roots
wrapp’d about with Mofs, to pre-
ferve them from drying: which, if
it happen that the Ship has a long
Pafiage, will often occafion them to
puth out ftrong Shoots from their
Roots, which muit always be taken
ofr before they are planted; otherwife
they will exhauft the whole Nourith.
ment of the Plant, and deitroy the
eafte. gck

In the making Choice of thefe
Plants, you fhould carefully obferve
if their Grafts are alive, and in good
Health : for if they are brown and
fhrunk, they will not pufh out; fo
_ that there will be only the Stock
Jeft, which is of the common Sort.

_. When you receive thefe Plants,
- you muft clear the Roots of the
_ Mois, and all decay’d Branches fhould
_ be taken off : then place their Roots

JA

into a Pot or Tub of Water, which
fhould be fet in the Green-houfe, or
fome other Room, where it may be
{creened from the Cold: in this Si-
tuation they may continue two Days;
after which you muft prune off all
the dry Roots, and cut down the
Branches within four Inches of the
Graft, and plant them into Pots
filled with frefh light Earth ; then
plunge the Pots into a moderate
Hot-bed of Tanners Bark, obferv-
ing to water and fhade them, as the
Heat of the Seafon may require. In
about three Weeks or a Month's
time they will begin to fhoot, when
you muft carefully rub off all fuch
as are produced from the Stock be-
low the Graft; and you muft now
let them have a great Share of Air,
by raifing the Gla(fes in the Heat of
the Day: and as the Shoots extend,
they ihould be topp’d, to ftrengthen
them, and, by degrees, fhould be
hardened to endure the open Air,
into which they fhould be removed
in June; but muit have a warm Si-
tuation the firft Summer ; for if they
are too much expofed to the, Winds,
they will make but indifferent Pro-
grefs, being rendered fomewhat ten-
der by the Hot bed. If the Sum-
mer proves warm, and the Trees”
have fucceeded weil, they will pro-

duce fome Flowers in the Autumn

following, tho’ they will be few in
Number, and not near fo ftrong as
they will be the facceeding Years,
when the Trees are ftronger, and
have better Roots. }
Thefe Plants are commonly pre-
ferved in Green-houles, with Oran-
ges, Myrtles, &c. and, duriag the
Winter-feafon, will require to be
frequently watered, which fhou!d be
performed {paringly each time, efpe-
cially in cold Weather; for too much
Wee at that Seafon will be apt to rot
the Fibres of their Roots: they
Uugs thould

ae

a a ea “2 ose :
‘< ny ey

JA
fhould alfo have a great Share of

_ frefth Air, when the Weather will

permit; for which Purpole, they
fhould be placed in the cooleft Part
of the Green-houfe, among Plants
that are hardy, where the Windows
may be opened every Day, except
in frofty Weather : nor fhould they
be crouded too clofe among other
Plants, which often occafions their

- growing mouldy, and. decays the

:

younger Branches. In Apri/ the
Shoots of theie Piants fhould be
fhortened down to four Eyes, and
all the weak Branches fhould be cut
off ; and if you have the Conveni-
ency of a Glafs-ilove, or a deep
Frame, to place the Pots into at
that Seafon, to draw them out again,
it will be of great. Service in for-
warding their Flowering: yet full
you fhould be careful not to. force
them too much ; and as joon as they,
have made Shoots three or four
Inches long, the Glaffes fiould be
opened in the Day-time, that the
Plants may, by degrees, be inured
to the open Air; into which they
fhould be removed by the Latter-end
of May, or the Beginning of June;
otherwife their Flowers will not be
fo fair, nor continue fo long. If the
Autumn proves favourable, thefe
Plants will continue to produce freth
Flowers until Michae/mas; and fome-
times, when they are ftrong, they
will continue flowering till Chri/-
mas, or after: but then they muft
have a great Share of Air when the
Weather is mild, and will admit of
it; orherwife the Flower-buds will
grow mouldy, and decay.

But notwithftanding moft People
preferve thefe Plants in Green-
houfes, yet they will endure the Cold
of our ordinary Winters in the open
Air, if planted againft a warm Wall,
and covered with Mats in frofty
Weather ; they willalfo produce tea

JA
times as many Flowers in one Sea-
fon as thofe kept in Pots, and the
Flowers will likewife be much larg-
er: but'they fhould not be planted
abroad till they have fome Strength;
fo that it will be neceffary to keep
them in» Pots two or three Years,
whereby they may be fheltered from
the Froft in Winter :. and when they
are planted againft the Wall, which
fhould be in May, that they may >
take good Root in the Ground be-
fore the fucceeding Winter, you

- muft turn them out of the Pots, pre-

ferving the Earth to their Roots ;
and having made Holes in the Bor-
der where they are to be planted,
you fhould place them therein, with
their Stems clofe to the Wall; then
fill up the Holes round their Roots
with good frefh rich Earth, and give
them fome Water, to fettle the
Ground about them; and nail up
their Shoots to the Wall, fhortening
fuch of them as are very long, that
they may pufh out new Shoots be-
low, to furnifh the Wail, continu-

_ing to nail up all the Shoots as they

are produced. In the middie, or to-
ward the Latter-end, of uly, they
will begin to flower, and continue
to produce new Flowers until the
Froit prevents them ; which when
you obferve, you fhou'd carefully
cut off all the Tops of fuch Shoots
as have Buds form’d upon them, as
alfo thofe which have the Remains
of faded Flowers left; for if thefe
are fuffered to remain on, they will
{oon grow mouldy, efpecially when
the Trees are covered, and thereby
infect many of the tender Branches,
which will greatly injure the Trees.
Toward the Middle or End of
November, if the Weather be cold,
and the Nights frofty, you muft be-
gin to cover your Trees with Mats,
which fhould be nail’d over them
pretty clofe ; but this fhould be done
. when

; JA

when the Trees are perfecily dry,
otherwife the Wet, Soa: lodged
upon the Branches, will foon caufe
a Mouldinefs upon them, and, the
Air being excluded therefrom, will
rot them in a fhort time: it will al-
fo be very neceflary to take off thefe
Mats as often as the Weather will
permit, to prevent this Mouldinefs,
and only keep them clofe covered in
frofly Weather ; at which time you

_ fhould alfo lay fome Mulch upon the

Surface of the Ground about their
Roots, and faften fome Bands of
Hay about their Stems, to guard
them from the Froft; and in very
fevere Weather, you fhould add a
double or treble Covering of Mats
over the Trees ;. by which Method,
if duly executed, you may preferve
them thro’ the hardeit Winters. In
the Spring, as the Weather is warm -

er, fo you fhould by degrees take off

»

the Covering; but you fhould be
careful not to expofe them too foon
to the open Air, as alfo to guard
¢hem againft the morning Froits, and
dry Eatterly Winds, which often
reign in March, to the no fmall
Defiruétign of tender Plants, if they
are expofed thereto ; nor fhould you
quite remove your Covering until
the middle of 4pri/, when the Sea-
fon is fettled, at which time you
fhould prune the Trees, cutting out
all decayed and weak Branches,
fhortening the ftrong ones to about
two Feet long, which will caufe
them to fhoot frong, and produce
many Flowers. ‘

The Double of this Kind is at
prefent very rare in Exgdand, and
only to be’ found in fome very curi-
ous Gardens ; tho’ in Jta/y ix is pret-
ty commen, from whence it is fome-

_ times brought over amongjt the

Single: the Flowers of this Kind
have only two Rows of Leaves, fo
that it is rather regarded fur jts Cu-

NS Ce ae

jA
riofity, than for any extraordinary
Beauty in the Flowers: this may be
propagated by budding it upon the
common white Jafmine, as hath
been direfted for the Single, and
muft be treated in the fame Man-
ner.

Dr. Linnzus fuppofes, that this
Sort is only a Variety of the com-
mon Jafmine; and that the only
Difference is in the Size and Colour
of the Flower; and, as a Proof of
it, fays, that when itis propegated
by Layers or Shoots from the Root,
it always becomes the common Sort :
but if he had obferved, that all
thofe Shoots are produced from the
Stock, which is always of the com-
mon Jafmine, and not from the Sort
grafted,. he would have foon found
his Miftake; for there can be no
Difpute of this being a diflin& Spe-
cies; for the Number and Shape of
the Pinwe of the Leaves, the Seg-
ments of the Empalement, and the
Petals of the Flower being twifted
and diftorted, conflitute an effential
Difference between them.

The yellow /ndian Jafmine is pro-
pagated either by Seeds, or laying
down the tender Branches: if you
would propagate them by Seeds,
which they often produce in Eugland
in great Plenty, you fhould make a
moderate Hot-bed in the Spring, in-
to which you fhould plunge fome
{mall Pots filled with -freth light
Earth ; and in a Day or two after,
when you find the Earth in the Pots
warm, you muft put your Seeds
therein ; about four in each Pot will
be fufficient, covering them about
an Inch thick with the fame light
Earth, and obferve to refrefh the
Pots with Water as often as you
fhall perceive the Earth dry ; but do
not give them too much at each
“tinre, which would be apt to rot the
Seeds.

Uu4 In

dg oy

oa a thie” eee 7 7~

~~ »*

JA

Yn about fix or eight Weeks after

- fowing, the Plants will appear above-

ground ; at which time it will be ne-
ceflary to remove the Pots into an-
other frefh Hot-bed, of a moderate
Temperature, in order to bring the

Plants forward ; you muft alfo be

careful to water them as often as is
neceflary ; and in the great Heat of
the Day the Glaifes fhould be tilted

pretty high, and fhaded with Mats,

to prevent the Plants from being
{corch’d with Heat: about the mid-
dle of May you fhould begin to har-
den them to the open Air, by take-
ing off the Glafles when the Wea-
ther is warm; but this muft be done
cautioufly ; for you fhould not ex-
oh them to the open Sun in a very
not Day at firft, which would great-
Jy injure them; but rather take off
the Glaffes in warm cloudy Weather
at firft, or in gentle Showers of Rain,
and fo by degrees inure them to bear
the Sun; and in Fuse you fhould
take the Pots out of the Hot-bed,
and carry them to fome well-thelter-

‘ed Situation, where they may re-

main until the Beginning of O@ober;
at which time theymutt be carried in-
to theGreen-houfe,obferving to place
them where they may enjoy as much
free Air as pofible when the Win-
dows are opened ; as alfo to beclear
from the Branches of other Plants.
During the Winter feafon they
will require to be often watered ;

but you muft be careful not to give

them too much at each time ; and in
March you mutt remove thefe Plants
each into a feparate Pot, being care-
ful not to take the Earth from their
Roots ; andifat this time you plunge
them into a frefh moderate Hot-bed,
it will greatly facilitate their Root-
ine again, and be of great Service to
the Plants; burt wheu you perceive
they are frefh rooted, you mutt give

JA
them a great deal of Air; for if you
draw them too much, they will be-
come weak in their Stems, and in-
capable to fupport their Heads ;
which is a great Defect in thefe
Trees.

You muft alfo harden them to the
open Air, into which they fhould
be removed about the Middle of
May, obferving, as- was before di-
rected, to place them in a Situation
that is defended from ftrong Winds,
which are injurious to theie Plants,
efpecially while they are young. In

- Winter, houfe them, as before, and

continue the fame Care ; with which
they will thrive very faft, and pro-
duce annually great Quantities of
Flowers.

Thefe Plants are pretty hardy,
and will require no other Care in
Winter, than only to defend them
from hard Froits; nor do I know
whether they would not live in the
open Air, if planted againit a warm
Wall, which is what fhould be tried
by planting fome againft a Wall for
that Purpofe; and I think we have

little Reafon to doubt of the Succefs,

fince they are much hardier than the
Spanife: but there is this Difference
between them; vz. thefe Plants have
large, thick, ever-green Leaves, fo
that if they were covered with Mats,
as was directed for the Spani/h Jaf-
mine, the Leaves would rot, and de-
cay the Shoots ; but as thefe will
only require to be covered in extreme
Frolt, fo, if their Roots are well
mulch’d, and a Mat or two loofeiy
hung over them in ordinary Froits,
it will be fufficient; and thefe Mats
being either rolled up, or taken quite
off,in the Day, there will be no
great Danger of their being hurt,
which only can proceed from being

too long clofe covered. ”
In the Spring thefe fheuld be
pruned,

J.A
pruned, when you fhould cut of all

~ decay’d Branches ; but you maft not

%
'

fhorten any*of the other Branches, as
was directed for the Spanifh Sort;
for the Flowers of this Kind are pro-
duced only at the Extremity of the
Branches, which if fhortened, they
would be cut off ; and thefe growing
of a more ligneous Subitance than
the other, will not produce Shoots
{trong enough to dower the fame
Year,

If you would propagate this Plant
from Layers, the Shoots fhould be
laid down in March ; and if you give
them a little Cut at the Joint, as is
practifed in laying of Carnations, it
will promote their Rooting: you
fhould always obferve to refrefh them
often with Water, when the Weather
is dry ; which if carefully attended
to, the Plants will be rooted by the
fucceeding- Spring, fit to be tran{-
planted, when they muft be planted
in Pots filled with light Earth, and
managed as was before directed for
the Seedling- plants.

This Sort is frequently propaga-
ted by inarching the young Shoots
into Stocks of the common yellow
Jafmine ; but the Plants fo raifed do
not grow fo ftrong as thofe which
are upon their own Stock : befides,
the common yellow Jafmine is very
apt to fend out a great Number of
Suckers from the Root, which ren-
ders the Plants unfightly: and if
thefe Suckers are not conitantly
taken off, as they are produced, they
will rob the Plants of their Nourith-
ment,

The Axorian Jafmine is alfo pret-
ty hardy, and requires no more Shel-
ter than only from hard Frofts ; and
I am apt to think, if this Sort was
planted againit a warm Wall, aud
managed, as hath been directed for
the yellow Jndian Jafmine, it would
fucceed very well; for I’remember

JA

to have feen fome Plants of this’
Kind growing againft a Wall in the
Gardens at Hampton-Court, where
they had endured the Winter, and
were in a more flourifhing State
than any I have feen in Pots,
and produced a greater Quantity of
Flowers. Thefe Plants are propa-
gated in the fame manner as the yel-
low Indian, and require the fame
Management. The Flowers of this
Kind are {mall ; but being produced
in large Bunches, make an hand-
fome Figure, and are of a very
agreeable Scent ; and the Leaves be-
ing large, and of a fhining-green
Colour, add to the Beauty of the
Plant very much.

The Iex-leav’d Jafmine is by Dr,
Linneus removed from this Genns,
and joined to the Camara of Plu-
mier, under the Title of Lantana ;
which is an old Name applied by
many Authors to the common /7-
Lurnum, under which Title I have
alfo placed it.

The drabian Jafmines of both
Sorts are commonly brought into
England trom Genoa every Spring
amongtt the Spani/> Jafmines. Thele
are all grafted upon the commor
Jaimine-ttock, as are the Spanifo;
but being much tenderer than thofe,
are very often greatly injured in
their Paflage, which is always in the
Winter-feafon ; fo that you fhould
carefully examine them (when you

purchaie them of the Jra/ians, who’

bring them over) to fee if their
Grafts are freth and found ; if fo,
there is little Danger of their fuc-
ceeding. ‘Thefe muft be: put into
Water, and wafhed, pruning their
Roots and Branches, and planting
them as was directed for the Spanifa
Jafmines ; to which I fhall refer the

Reader, to avoid Repetition.
Thefe Plants are more tender than
any of the Sorts before-mentioned,
and

JA
and muft be preferved in a warm
Stove in Winter; nor fhould they
be expofed to the open Air in Sum-
mer, if you would have them flower
well; tho’ indeed the Plants will
live and thrive in the open Air in
June, Fuly, and Auguft; but then
they will rarely produce any Flow-
ers; and thofe which may appear,
are eafily deitroyed by either Winds
or Rain, both which will foon fcat-
tex thera, being but flenderly faftened
upon the Plants. The only Method
in which I have found the Plants
to thrive and flower well, is this ;
wiz. After having preferved the
Plants in a moderate Stove al] the
Winter, I cleans’d their Leaves and
Ecrems from Duft; then I took out
~ tae Earth from the Upper-part of
the Pots, and filled them with frefh
Earth; then I plunged the Pots into
@ moderate Bed of Tanners Bark,
which had loft moft of its Heat : this
occafions the Plants to fhoot very
- ftrong; and in Fune and Fuly Thad
great Quantities of Flowers, which
were exceeding fweet, but of a fhort
Duration, feldom continuing longer
than two Days: however, thefe were
fucceeded by frefh Flowers thro’ the
greateft Part of Fune and Fuly, du-
ring which time my Plants were ne-
ver intirely deftitute of Flowers.
* Thefe Jafmines may alfo be pro-
pagated by laying down their tender
Branches in the Spring, in the fame
manner as was direfted for the
yellow Jzdian Jaf{mine, which will
take Root in lefs than three Months,
provided the Pots are plunged into
an Hot-bed, otherwife they will not
be rooted until the fueceeding Spring.
Thefe muft be planted into a light
fandy Earth, and frequently watered
in hot Weather; but during the
Winter-feafon, it muft be given
them but fparingly ; for too much
6 ‘

Moifture at that time will deftroy |

them.

This is made a diftin& Genus by
De. Lingneus, by the Name of N34-
anthes, from the Flowers of this fall-

ing in the Night; fo that in the na--

tural Places of its Growth, where
the Plants abound with Flowers,
the Sarface of the Ground. under
them is frequently covered with
Flowers every Morning; from
whence the Plant has been by fome
called Arbor triflis, or the Sorrow-
ful-tree. |

The Sort with duoble Flowers,
which we have now in England, has
rarely more than two Rows of
Leaves, as I obferved in the Sfa-
nifo ; {o that it is but little better than
the fiagle: but there is another Sort
of this Jafmine, which was formerly
in Exgland, and is now in the Duke
of Tu/cany’s Gardens at Pifz, which
produces Flowers alimoil as large as
a Cinnamon Rofe, and as double,
as alfo of a moft inoffenfive 'fweet
Scent ; but this is not in England at
prefent, nor 1s it likely to be ob-
tained here, fince it is not known to
be growing in any other Part of Ezu-
rope but the Garden at Pi/2, where
it is kept under a Guard, to prevent
its being ftolen away: fuch is the

narrow Temper of the prefent Pof-

feffor, that he will not fuffer it to be
diftributed into any other Gardens ;
tho’ the Profeflor of Botany tc that,
Garden fays, it increafes greatly by
Layers ; by which means all Europe
might be foon fupplied with this
valuable Plant, were it but once in
the Poffeflion of any communicative
Perfon.

The Coffee-tree is propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown foon
after they are gathered from the
Tree: for if they are kept but a

fhort time out of the Ground, they

wil |

7A
will not grow; which is the ehief
Reafon, that this Tree has not been
fpread into more different Countries ;
for the Seeds will not keep good long
enough to be fent to any diftant
Place : fo that, in order to culti-
yate this Plant in any Part of the
World, it is abfolutely neceflary to
have it carried thither growing; but
as this Difficulty is now overcome,
by the Quantity of thefe Trees there
are now growing both in Europe and
America, we may expect to be fur-
nifhed with Coffee from many dif-
ferent Parts, but efpecially from the
Caribbce Mlands, where the Trees are
found to fucceed as wellas in their
native Place of Growth: but whe-
ther the Coffee produced in the We/?-
Indies will prové as good as that
brought from Mocha, Time will
difcover ; but if it fhould, it may
be of great. Advantage not only to
the Inhabitants there, but alfo may
turn to great Account to the We/f-
India Trade. The manner how this
_ Tree was firft brought into Zurope,
and the feveral Parts of the World to
which it is now fpread, may be fully
feen in Dr. Douglas’s curious Ac-
count of the Coffee-tree, publifh’d
at London, Anno 1727.

The Berries of this Plant are com-
monly ripe with usin 4pri/, at which
time they fhould be fown in Pots of
frefth light Earth, covering ther

: . about half an Inch thick with the

fame light Earth: then plunge the
Pots into a moderate Hot.bed of
Tanners Bark, obferving to refrefh
them often with Water; as alfo to
raife the Glaffes in the Heat of the
Day, to admit frefh Air; and in
very hot Weather it will be proper
to fhade the Glaffes with Mats, other-
wife the Earth in the Pots will dry
too faft, and prevent the Vegetation
of the Seeds. I muft here obferve,

> that the taking off the Pulp of the

a4.

Berries, which has been by fome
People directed as abfolutely necef-
fary before they are planted, is a
great Miftake; for I have experien-
ced, that thofe Berries which were
planted whole as they came from the
Tree, produced ftronger Plants, and
came up fooner, than thofe which
were cleared from the Pulp; and
altho’ there are commonly two Seeds
in each Berry (both which feldom
fail to grow), yet when the Plants
are young, they are eafily parted,
and planted into feparate Pots; which
is abfolutely neceflary to be done
when they are about an Inch and an
half high. When thefe Plants are
removed, great Care fhould be taken
not to break or injure their Roots,
as alfo to preferve the Karth to their
Roots: nor fhould they be kept any
time out of the Ground ; for if their
Fibres are fuffer’d to dry, they ae
very fubjec&t to mould, and perith
foon after.

The Soil in which I have found
thefe Plants to thrive beft, was com- »
pos’d in the following manner; viz,
one Load of frefh light loamy
Earth, and half a Load of rotten
Cow-dung : thefe were well mix’d
together, and laid in an Heap fix
Months before it was ufed ; in which
Space it was turn’d feveral times, the
better to incorporate the feveral
Parts.

It muft alfo be obferved, that in
tran{planting thefe Plants, they should
never be put into Pots too large, in
which they feldom thrive. The
young Plants, when taken out of the
Pots in which they were fown, fhould
be planted each into a {mall Half.
peny Por fill’d with the above-men~
tion’d Earth, and then plung’d into
a moderate Hot-bed of ‘Tanners
Bark; obferving to water them fre-
quently, though they fhould not
have too much given them at one

time :

ee Pe ee ee aoe *

eas
time: the Glaffes fhould alfo be
raifed, to admit frefh Air every
Day, and in the Heat of the Day
fhould be fhaded with Mats; for if
they are too much expofed to the
Sun, they will perfpire fo freely, as
to have little Moilture remaining in
their Leaves; whereby they will
hang, and appear very fickly, as
will alfo the tender Shoots, by which
their Growth will be greatly retard-
ed. As thefe Plants advance in
Height, they fhould have a greater
Proportion of frefh Air at all times
when the Weather is warm ; and
their Waterings fhould be fre-
quently repeated, though it muft be

perform’d with great Moderation ;

for too much Moifture is very fub-
je&t to rot the Roots ; and when once
the Roots are decay’d, it feldom
happens that thofe Plants are ever
recover'd, though managed with all
poflible Skill and Care.

_ During the Winter-feafon thefe
Plants fhould be placed in a Bark-
ftove, that the Fibres of the Roots
may not be too much dried (which
often happens when the Pots are
placed upon Shelves in a dry Stove),
whereby the Top-fhoots of the Plants
are often decayed, and the Leaves
are apt to turn brown, and fall off,
which is of very ill Confequence to
them ; for if once the Leaves fa'l in-
tirely off, the Plants are feldom re-
covered again fo as to be beautiful.

This Stove fhould be kept up to
the Ananas Heat (mark’d on the Bo-
tanical Thermometers), with which
they thrive better than in a greater
Warmth; for if they are kept over-
hot, they perfpire too freely ; which
will caufe their Leaves to droop,
and change their Colour. In this
Situation they fhould be frequently
water'’d ; but this muft be perform’d
fparingly.. ,

You muf alfo clean their Leaves

piel an

frequently from Filth, which they
are fubject to contraét when fhut up —
clofe ; as alfo many {mall Infeéts are -

harbour'd upon the Surfaces of the
Leaves, which, if not carefully
clean’d off, will greatly injure the
Plants. The beft Method to clean
off thefe, is with a foft woollen
Cloth, or a Sponge, dipt in Water,
with which you -may eafily wath
them off: but you fhould be care-
ful not to bruife their Leaves, nor
to wet them too much, efpecially in
the Depth of Winter.

You fhould alfo be careful, in
placing them in the Stove, not to

fet them under the Branches of other |

Plants, nor too clofe to them, where-
by their Branches may entangle
therewith ; which -will caufe them
to fhed their Leaves, or at leaft oc-
cafion their difcolouring ; and in the
Spring, when their Bloifoms begin
to appear, they muft be more tre-
quently water’d, as alfo their Leaves
and Branches often clean’d; which
will caufe their Leaves to look of a
beautiful Green, their Flowers to be
ftrong, and their Fruit will fet the
better.

In the Summer they muft be con-
tinu’d in the Stove, with their Pots
plung’d in Bark (which fhould net
be too hot): but they muft have a
great Share of frefh Air in warm
Weather, and the Glaffes fhould be
fhaded in the Heat of the Day : for
they do not care to be too much ex-
pofed to the dire&t Rays of the Sun,
which occafions their tender Shoots
and Leaves to flag and hang down,
and thereby retards the Growth of
the Flants. You muft alfo obferve
to fhift them into frefh Earth, when-
ever you find their Roots to fhoot
thro’ the Holes at the Bottom of the

Pots: but this will fcarce happen

oftener than twice a Year ; fo that
I would advife the fhifting them in
; May,

Cs Ww:

—= fe

a= Ba-

tae amu euuup——— ‘Gaoe “Ee a ole

May, and the Beginning of Auguf,
which are the propereit Seafons for
this Work: but in the doing of it,
you fhould be careful to preferve the
Earth to their Roots, and only to
pare off the Outfide of the Ball,
cutting away all mouldy or decay’d
Fibres: then put them into Pots
one Size bigger than thofe which
they came our of, filling up the Pots
with the before-mentiond Earth;
obferving to water and fhade them,
as the Heat of the Weather fhall re-
quire. And if at thefe times you
mix a little new Bark in the Bed to
add a frefh Heat thereto, before the
Pots are plung’d therein, it will
greatly facilitate their rooting again :
but you muft be careful not to make
the Bed too hot. You fhould alfo,
in Summer-time, refrefh ail the
Branches and Leaves of the Trees,
by watering them gently with a fine-
headed Watering-pot all over their
Heads ; and if in a very warm gen-
tle Shower of Rain you draw off
the top Glaffes of the Stove, and
let them receive the Benefit thereof,
it will be of great Service to them :
but you muft be careful not to ex-
pofe them to hard Rains, or ftrong
Winds, which would prove very
| hurtful to them.

Thefe Directions, if carefully at-
tended to, will be found fufficient
to inflru€&t any Perfon in the Cul-
ture of this beautiful Plant; and al-
though there may, perhaps, fome-
thing occur to them which is not
here related, yet I believeut will
rarely happen, but that the Appear-
ances, be they from what Caufe fo-
ever, may be found owing to fome
_ Negleét, or contrary Practice to this
here mentioned. But before I leave
this Head, J cannot help mention-
ing another Method in whichI have
propagated this Plant; which is, by
laying down fome of their teuder

=
.

ac

Shoots into Pots of Earth, in. the
Spring of the Year, flitting them at
a Joint (as is practifed in laying
Carnations), obferving ta refreth
them frequently with Water, and in
about three Months time they will
be rooted enough to tranfplant ;
when they fhould be gently cut from
the old Plant, and planted into fepa-
yate Pots, managing them as was
direéted for the Seedling-glants :
but the Plants fo raifed never grow
fo vigorous as thofe raifed from the
Berries. )

There are fome wha have afferted,
that this Plant will grow from Cut-
tings: but of all the different Trials
which I have made, I could never
obtain one Plant that Way, though
many times the Cuttings have re-
main’d frefh for feveral Months, and
fometimes have made fmall Shoots ;
yet, upon taking them up, they
have not had the lealt Appearance
of any Roots.

The Coffee-tree has of late Years
been much cultivated in the Iflands
of America, both by the Engl and
French: but the Coffee which has
been brought to Europe from thence,
has been very little efteemed ; fo that
the Price of it has been much leis
than of that which comes from the
Eaft-Indigs. This great Difference
in Goodnefs many Perfons have at-
tributed tothe Soil in which it grows,
and therefore have fuppofed it im-
poflible for the Inhabitants of the
Briti/b Wands ever to cultivate this
Commodity to any real Advantage:
but'this is certainly a Miftake; for
I have been affured by feveral Per-
fons of undoubted Credit, who have
refided in thofe Iflands, that the
Berries which they have gathered
from the ‘Trees, and roafled them-
felves, were as well favoured as any
of the Coffee which is brought from
Mocha, And this I can'readily be-

heve

IB
fieve from the Trials which have

~ been made with the Berries which

have been produced in England;

- which were as well flavoured as any

Coffee brought from the Ea/?-Indies ;
fo that the Fault is in the drying,
packing, and bringing over: for if
in the drying of the Berries they
are laid in the Rooms near the Sugar-
works, or near the Houfe where the
Rum is diftilled, ‘the Berries will
foon imbibe the Effuvia of thefe,
which will greatly alter their Fla-
vour.

Alfo the Coffee brought in
the fame Ships with Rum and Su-
gar, were the Coffee ever fo good,
would by this be intirely altered:
for there is fcarce any thing more
likely to be injured by being near
ftrong Effuvia, than Coffee; for
one Gallon of Rum, Spirit of Wine,
or other ftrong Liquors, being placed
but two or three Days in the fame
Room with an hundred Weight of
Coffee, will communicate the Fla-
vour to the Whole, and greatly da-
mage it; as I have experienc’d: fo
thatif the Planters in 4merica pro-
pofe to cultivate this Commodity,
they fhould be particularly careful
in drying the Berries, as alfo in the
Packing up, and fhould fend the
Coffee over in Ships where there is

“neither Sugar nor Rum: and if this

were duly obferved, I dare anfwer,
the Planters would find their Ac-
count in it.

As a Proof of what is here men-
tioned, I need only relate what has

. happened to Coffee which came from
India, by being brought over in

Ships, where there was Pepper: the
Coffee imbibed the ftrong Effavia
of the Pepper, which rendered it of
no Value.
IBERIS, Sciatica-crefs.
The Charaéers are;
The Empalement of the Flower con-

‘

i a

Kiss of four Leaves, which are vertis
cally oval: the Flower has four
Leaves, which are unéqual, two of’
them being longer, and {pread broader,
than the otber: in the Centre of the
Flower is fituated the Polntal, at-
tended by fix Stamina, two of which
are foorter than the other: the Poin-
tal afterward changes 10 a roundifo
compreffed Pod, having two Cells,
each containing one oval Seed.
The Species are ;

1. Iperis foliis cunciformibus ob-
tufis integerrimis. Lin. Hort. Cliff.
Sciatica-crefs with whole blunt
Leaves, commonly called the Tree-
candy-tuft.

2. Iseris felis lincaribus acutis
integerrimis. Lin. Hort. Cliff. Scia-
tica-crefs with narrow-pointed whole
Leaves, commonly called Perennial
Candy-tuft.

3. Iperis foliis lanceolatis acu-
minatis, ruferioribus ferratis, fupes
rioribus integerrimis. Lin. Hort. Chiff.
Sciatica-crefswith fpear-fhaped point+
ed Leaves, the under being fawedy
but the upper being intire, common-
ly called Candy-tuft.

4. lperis foliis linearibus fuperne
dilatatis ferratis. Flor. Leyd. Sciatica-
crefs with narrow Leaves dilated at
their Top, and fawed.

5. Iperis folits finuatis, caule
nudo fimplici, Lin, Hort. Cliff. Sciae
tica-crefs with finuated Leaves, and
a fingle Stalk.’

6. Iseres foliis lanceolatis acutis
Jubdentatis, floribus racemofis, Lin,
Hort. Up/al. Sciatica-crefs with acute
{pear-fhaped Leaves indented at
their Top, and Flowers growing in
Bunches. )

This Genus of Plants was by Dr,
Tournefort titled Thlafpidium 3; which
being a compound Name, Dr. Line
neus has applied this of LBerzs to it s
which is an old Name for a Plant of
this Clais ; whefe Characters agree-

ing

ing with thofe of Lepidium, it has
_ been placed in that Genus.

The firft Sort here mentioned is a
low fhrubby Plant, which feldom
rifes abdve a Foot and an half high,
having many flender Branches,
which fpread on every Side, and

“fall to the Ground, if they are not
fupported. Thefe Branches are well
furnifhed with Leaves toward their

_ Extremity, which continue green
all the Year; and in the Autumn
the Flowers are produced at the End
of the Shoots, which are white, and

grow in an Umbel. Thefe Flow-
ers continue long in Beauty, and are
fucceeded by others; fo that the
Plants are rarely deftitute of Flow-
ers for near eight Months, from the
End of O4gber to the Beginning of

Fune, which renders the Piant va-
fuable.

This Plant is fomewhat tender ;
therefore is generally preferved in
Green-houfes in Winter; where,
being placed among other low
Plants toward the Erogt of the
Houfe, it makes an agreeable Va-
riety, as it continues flowering all
the Winter. But although it is
eommonly fo treated ; yet in mode-
rate Winters this Plant will live in
the open Air, if it is planted in a
warm Situation, and on adry Soil:
and if in very hard Froft they are
cover’d either with Mats, Reeds,
Straw, or Peas-haulm, they may be
preferved very weil; and thefe

~ Plants which grow in the full
Ground, will thrive be:ter, and pro-
duce a greater Number of Flowers,
‘than thofe which are kept in Pots:
but the Soil in which thefe are plan-

ted, fhould not be over-rich, nor too
wet; for in either of thefe they
will grow too vigorous in Summer ;

_ fo will be in greater Danger of fuf-

fering by the Froit in Winter: but
when they grow ona gravelly Soil,

: w ad

De et es | Eee

=. 75°" y =

or among Lime-rubbihh, | their
Shoots will be fhort, ftrong, and
not fo replete with Moifture ; fo will
better refift the Cold.

This Plant very rarely produces.
Seeds in England, therefore is onf¥
propagated by Cuttings; which, if
planted during any of the Summer-
months, and fhaded from the Sun,
and duly watered, will be rooted in
two Months; and may afterward be
either planted in Pots, or into the
Borders where they are defigned to
ftand.

There is a Variety of this with
variegated Leaves, which is prefery -
ed in fome of the Gardens where
Perfons delight in thefe ftriped-leav’d
Plants. This is not fo hardy as the
piain Sort; therefore muft be treated
more tenderly in Winter ; this is al-

fo increafed by Cuttings in the fame

manner as the other.

The fecond Sort is a Plant of
humbler Growth than the firk: this
feldom rifes more than fix Inches
high, nor do the Branches grow
woody, but are rather herbaceous ;
the Leaves of this Plant continue
green through the Year, and the
Flowers are of as léng Duration as
thofe of the firft Sort; which ren-
ders it valuable. This rarely pro-
duces Seeds in Exg/and; but is pro-
pagated by Slips, which in Summer
eafily take Root; and the Plants may
be treated in the fame manner ag
hath been directed for the firft Sore,

The four other Sorts are low an-
nual Plants. The third and fixth
Sorts are frequently cultivated in..
Flower-gardens, by the Title of
Candy-tuft. There is of the third.
Sort fometimes a Variety with white
Flowers ; but the Red is the moft
common ; fo that the fixth Sort js
ufually fold by the .Seedfmen . for
the white Candy-tuft, tho” it is evi~
dently different from the other.

Thefe

Thefe Plants were commonly
fown to make Edgings to large
Borders in the Flower-gardens, and
are as proper for that Purpofe as
any of the low annual Plants: but
* they make a much better Appear-
ance when they are fown in Patches,
intermixed with the Dwarf Lychnis,
Venus Looking-glafs, and other low
Annuals. If the Seeds of thefe are
fown in the Autumn, ‘the Plants
will grow much ftronger, and flower
@arjier in the Year, than thofe which
are fown in the Spring; but by

fowing them at different Seafons, -

they will flower at fo many different
times; by which means there will
be a Succeflion of them in Flower
until the Froit puts a Stop to them.

All the Culture thefe require, is,
to fow their Seeds in the Places
where they are to remain ; for they
do not bear removing well, unlefs
it is done while the Plants are young,
and taken up with Balls of Farthto
their Roots: afterward, if they are
kept clear from Weeds, they will
thrive and flower very well. All
thefe low annual Flowers are very
proper Ornaments for the Borders,
or vacant Spaces, between flowering
Shrubs; where, by the different
Sorts being blended together, they
will add much to the Beauty.

IBISCUS, or MARSH-MAL-
LOW. Vide Althea.

ICACO. Vide Chryfobalanus.

ILEX, The ever-green Oak.
"The Chara4ers are;
_ The Leaves are, for the moft part,
indented or finuated (and in fome the
Edges of the Leaves are prickly), and
are ever-green: it hath amentaceous
Flowers, which are produced at re-
mote Diffances from the Fruit, on the
fame Tree: the Fruit is an Acorn,
like the common. Oak,

This Title of J/ex is, by Dr. Lin-
néus, applied to the Holly, who

IL
has placed this Genus to the Quer~
cus, to. which, by its Characters, it
certainly belongs: but as this Title
of I/ex is now more generally known,
and applied to thele Trees, by the
Englifo Gardeners, 1 fhall continue
it to them.

The Species are;

1. ILex folio angufto non, ferrato.
C. B. P. The olive-leav’d ever-
green Oak.

2. Ivex folio oblongo ferrato.C.B.P.
Narrow-leav’d ever- green Oak, with
ferrated Leaves. |

3. ILex folio agrifolii. Bot. Monfp.
Holly-leav’d ever-green Oak.

4. [nex folio rotundiore molli,
modiceque finuato, five Smilax Theo-
phrafii, C. B. P. The ever-green
Oak, with round fmooth finuated
Leaves.

5. ILex aculecta cocciglandifera.
C. P. B. The Holm-oak.

There are feveral other Varieties
of thefe Trees, which citer in the
Shape of their Leaves; fome being
long and*fmooth, others are rounder,
and have many Prickles. upon their

Edges ; and {ome have their Leaves

finuated and waved like thofe of the
Holly : but as thefe are only femi-
nal Variations, and will arife from
Seeds taken from the fame Tree; |
fo it is not worth troubling myfelf
or the Reader to enumerate their
feveral Diftinétions in this Place;
fince thofe above-mentioned are the
moft common Varieties; and all the
other Differences will be nearly al-
lied to one or other of the four firft
Sorts.

fowing their Seeds : the beit Seafon
for this Work is in the Beginning of
March: but then, as the Acorns
are ripe in Autumn, they fhould be
preferved cither in Sand, or dry
Earth, until the Spring, otherwife
they will lofe their growing Faculty ;

‘which

Thefe Trees are propagated by — |

a |

1

IL
Which is commonly the Cafe with
thofe brought annually from Gezoa,
fcarce one Seed in fifty of them ever
rifing ; however, fince we have ma-
hy large Trees now in England,
which produce good Seeds, we need

“ notfend to /taly for them: but were

Ito advife, I fhould much rather
have them from Portaga/ than Italy ;
for the Voyage being much fhorter,
they are generally brought from
thence in very good Condition ;
efpecially if they are brought over
in the Packet-boat to Plymouth.
The manner in which I would
advife their being fown is, for large
Quantities, in Drills at about four
Feet Diflance ; but for a {mall Par-
tel, they muft be fown in Rows
ona Bed much nearer. : |
The Ground on which thefe Seeds
are fown, fheuld be well dug, and
cleanfed from the Roots of all noxi-
ous Weeds, &c. and levelled even,

and the great Clods broken; then

draw the Rills with an Hoe in a
firait Line (as is pra@tifed in the
fowing of Kidney beans) about twa
Inches deep, laying the Acorns
therein three or four Inches afun-
det ; then draw the Earth over them
with the Head of a Rake, obferv-
ing that mone of them are left un-
covered, which would entice the
Vermin to attack your Acorns, efpe-
Cially the Mice, whereby your Se-
minary will be greatly injured, if
hot wholly deftroyed. ‘
_ In the middle of 4ri/ the yourig
Plants will appear above-ground ;
you muft then clear the Ground
om Weeds, which would foon over-
fpread and déftroy the Plants; which

Mutt conftantly be obferved, efpe-
Gially while they are young. The

fir Year from Seed they will make

but {mall Progtefs; but afterward

they will make amends by their
Quick Growth (efpecially if they agree
Wor. II.

ih
with the Soil): in March folléwing
you muft gently dig up the Ground
between the Rows of Plants, in or-
der to deftroy the Weeds; and to
render it light for the Roots to ftrike
out on each Side; which will greatly
promote the Growth of the Plants :
but in doing of this; you fhould be
very careful not to diiturb the Roots
of the Plants, which would greatly
injure them: in this Place they
may remain until the fecond Spring
after fowing, when; in the Begin-
ning of April; you fhould take up
the Plants where they are too clofe;
and tranfplant them where they are
defigned to remain. But as thefe
Trees are fubjeét to have Tap-roots,
they are very difficult to be removed:
you muft therefofe obferve to take
them up with a good Ball of Earth
to theit Roots, and carry them im- ~
mediately to the Places where they
aré to be planted, plaeing them into
Holes which fhould be well prepared
beiore; and if the Weather bedry;
you fhould pour a good Quantity of
Water into the Holes about the
Earth to make it like Pap; then
placing the Plarits therein, you fhould
fill up the Holes about their Roots;
with the like pappy Earth; and then
lay fome Mulch upon the Surface of
the Ground round their Roots, and
give them fome Water to fettle the
Barth to their Roots: and if the
Seafon fhould contifue dry, you
muft repeat watering them once a
Week, which Water fhould be pour-
ed all over the Heads of the Plants:
but by no means give them tod
much, which, as [ have already faid,
deftroys more new - planted Trees
than any other Accident whatever.
But in taking up theie Piants from
the Seminary; you fhould be care-
ful not to injure the Roots of thofe
left remaining : nor muft the Cround
about their Roots remain long opens
% x but

BE
~ butas foon as you have taken up
‘thofe that are to be tranfplanted, the
whole Ground fhould be flightly
dug, and levelled even : the Diftance
thefe Plants fhould be left in the
- Rows where they were fown, ought
to be two Feet, which will allow
them room enough to grow three or
four Years longer, at which time
they muft be tranfplanted (efpecially
all fuch as are not defigned to re-
main for good) : but you fhould, the
two precedent Springs, dig near the
Roots of thofe which are to be re-
moved, and cut underneath them
with your Spade, to take off the
Tap-roots : but you muft obferve
not to cut them too clofe to the
Plants, left you deftroy them; this
will occafion their pufhing out many
Fibres, whereby the Earth will be
better preferved to their Roots when
they are tranfplanted, and there will
be lefs Danger of their not grow-
ing.
ar has been directed by moft Peo-
ple who have written on thefe Trees,
to fow the Acorns in Pots; and
when the Plants have grown two or
three Years therein, to fhake them
out of the Pots, preferving all the
Earth about them, and to plant them
where they are to remain : which is
a very good Method for {mall Quan-
tities; but the Trouble of this in
large Plantations would be too great,
efpecially if we confider, that thefe
Plants, while in Pots, will require
- eonftantly to be watered in dry
Weather; otherwife they will be
fubje& to fail, or at leaft will make
‘but poor Progrefs. And altho’ it is

generally thought very hazardous to

remove thefe Trees, yet I believe,
if great Care be taken, firft, to ob-
ferve the juft Seafon, which is in the
Beginning of April ;. fecondly, to
preferve as much Earth to their
Roots as poible; and, thirdly, not

_ they are fubje&t to grow too large

‘to let them grow too much in

; ae
FE
to keep them long above-ground ;
the removing of thefe Trees will not
be found fo dangerous as moft Peo-
ple imagine. * | .
And I am convinced, that Trees
of feven or eight Years Growth are
in lefs Danger of fuffering by ‘Tranf-
plantation, than thofe that are much
younger ; forin the Year 1727. I
removed many of thefe Trees which
were five or fix Feet high; and
though they had not been fo well
managed in the Place where they
were rais’d, as might be wifhed, yet
but one of the whole Number fail-
ed, notwithftanding the . Seafon
proved dry for near a Month after.
Thefe Trees are by many People
greatly efteemed for Hedges to {fur-
round Wildernefs- quarters ; but

for that Purpofe, becaufe we fhould
never hide the Tops of the Trees in —
fuch Places from the Sight ; for they
are, if rightly difpofed in the Quar-
ters, vaftly more agreeable to the
Eye, than the fineft fheared Hedge
in the World ;. but they may do well
enough for a large Fence, to ob-
ftruct the Sight, or to defend a new
Plantation of tender Trees; for.
which Purpofe the Acorns fhould be
fown in the Place where. the Hedge
is defigned ; and when the Plants are
come up, they fhould be thinned, ©
where they are too clofe ; and if the:
Ground is kept clear from Weeds,
and every Spring dug about the
Plants, they will foon form a good
Hedge: but you fhould obferve not.

Height before the Lower-part of the
Hedge is well firengthened, which
would occafion its bending, and the
Branches would be fubjeét to be
difplaced with flrong Winds, or
great Snows, and thereby become
very unfightly : but if they are re-
gularly trained up, they will make

~ agood

if as: 2

@ good thick Hedge from the
Ground to the Height of. thirty
Feet, and in lefs time than any other
ever-green Tree whatever.

The Soil in which thefe Trees
thrive beft, is an hazelly Loam, not
too ftrong, nor over-light, in which
they will grow to a large Size, and
refit the fevereft Cold of our Cli-
mate; and retaining their Leaves all
the Winter, do afford an agreeable
Profpecst in that Seafon: but they
fhould by no means be planted near
fuch Walks, or other Parts of the
Garden, as are intended to be kept
clean; for in the Month of Apri/,
when they caft their old Leaves, they
make a great Litter, and are apt to
blow about with the Wind, and be-
come very troublefome ; and in une,
when their Male Flowers fall off,
they occafion no lefs Trouble to
clean them up daily in fuch Places ;
and in the pleafanteft Seafon of the
Year they are the moft unfightly
Trees in a Garden, the old Leaves
decaying at that Seafon, and falling
off ; and the Male Flowers, which
are generally in great Plenty, are
then produced, which renders it not
| fo valuable in Places much frequent-
| ed: but for larger Plantations, ata
| remote Diftance from the Habita-
| tion, fo as to be juft within the
| View, they.make a very handfome
{|} Appearance, efpecially in the Win-
s) ter-feafon.

The Wood of this Tree is ac-
‘counted very good for many Sorts
il of Tools and Utenfils, as Mallet-
i) heads, Mall-balls, Chairs, Wedges,
i) Beetles, Pins, &c. as alfo for Pali-
dM) fadoes ; and affords the moft durable
ii) Charcoal in the World, and is the
i common Fuel in the Southern Parts
a) Of France, and in Ltaly.

| The Kermes, or Holm-oak, is of
) a much lower Stature than the for-
; mer Sorts, aud feldom grows to the

Height of a Tree: this, tho’ a Na-
tive of the warmeft Parts of France,
yet will endure the Cold of our Cli-
mate in the open Air.
propagated in the fame manner as
the former, and deferves a Place
amongit other Shrubs of low
Growth, for its Curiofity, as be-~
ing the Plant upon which the Ker-
mes are bred ; the Hiftory of which
may be feen at large in Garidel’s
Hiftory of the Plants which grow ix
Provence, it being too long to be in-
ferted here.

IMPERATORIA, Mafterwort.

_ The CharaZers are ;

Lt is a Plant with a rofe and um-
bellated Flower, confifling of feveral
Petals, which are fometimes heart-
Joaped, and Jometimes intire, ranged

in a Circle, and refling on the Empale= «

ment; which afterward becomes a.

Fruit, compofed of two Secds, which
are plain, almofi oval, gently freaked
and bordered, and generally cafting
their Cover: ta thefe Marks muft be
added, That their Leaves are wingeds
and pretty large.

The “pecies are;

1.Imperatoria major. C. B. P.
Common Mafterwort.

z. IMPERATORIA Pyrenaica tenuia
folia. Tourn. Narrow-leav’d Pyre-
nean Matterwort.

-3.IMpERaToRia Alpina maxima:
Tourn. Greateft Mafterwort of the
Alps. .

The Root of the firft Species is
ufed in Medicine; it has a very hot
acrid Tafie, and is efteemed alexi-
pharmac, fudorific, and a great At-
tenuatew and Opener.

‘This Sort is cultivated in Gardens
to fapply the Markets. It may ‘be

propagated either bySeeds,orby part- .

ing the Roots : if you would propa-
gate it by Seeds, they fhould be fown

It may be »

in Autumn, foon after they are ripe, .

on a Bed or Border of light Earth, in
bf ae a thady

IM

a fhady Situation ; obferving not to
fow the Seeds too thick, nor fhould
they be covered too deep. In the
Spring the Plants will appear, when
they fhould be carefully weeded ;
and if the Seafon fhould prove very
dry, they fhould be now-and-then
refrefhed with Water, which will
greatly promote the Growth of the
Plants: toward the Beginning of
May, if you find the Plants come
up too clofe together, you fhould
prepare a moift fhady Border (and
thin the Plants carefully, leaving
them: about- four Inches afunder) ;
and plant thofe which you draw up,
into the Border about fix Inches
apart every Way, being careful to
water them duly, if the Seafon fhould
prove dry, until they have taken
Root ; after which time, thefe Plants
(as alfo thofe remaining in the Seed-
béds) will require no other Culture
but to keep them clear from Weeds;
which may be eafily effected by hoe-
ing the Ground between the Plants
now-and-thenin dry Weather, which
will deftroy the Weeds ; and by ftir-

: xing the Ground, will be of great

Service to the Plants. The follow-
ing Autumn thefe Plants fhould be
tran{fplanted where they are defigned
to remain; which fhould be ina rich
moift Soil, and a fhady Situation ;
where they will thrive much better,
than if too much expofed to-the Sun,
or in a dry Soil; for they delight in
Shade and Moifture; fo that-where
thefe are wanting, the Plants will
require a conftant Supply of Water

- in dry Weather, otherwife they will
thrive but flowly. The LDiitance

which thefe Plants fhould be placed,
muft not be lefs than twenty Inches,
or two Feet every Way;. for where

they Jike their Situation, they will

fpread and increafe very much.

When thefe Plants are rooted, they.

will require no other Culture, but to

IN

keep them clear from Weeds; and —
in the Spring before they fhoot, the
Ground fhould be every Year gen-
tly dug between the Plants; in doing |
of which great Care fhould be had,
not to cut or bruife their Roots :
thefe Plants, with this Management,
will continue feveral Years, and will»
produce Seeds in plenty.

If you would propagate thefe
Plants by Off-fets, their Roots fhould
be parted at Michaelmas, and plant-
ed in a fhady Situation, at the fame,
Diftance as has been directed for the
Seedling-plants, obferving to water
them until they have taken Root;
after which time they muft be ma-
naged as the Seedlings.

The other two Sorts are preferved
in Botanic Gardens for the fake of
Variety ; but as they are not ufed in
Phyfic, nor are ornamental Plants,.
fo they are feldom allowed a Place
in other Gardens. Thefe two Sorts
may be propagated in the fame man- _
ner as the former, and are both
equally hardy ; fo that they may be.
placedin any fhady moift cold Situa- —
tion, where they will thrive very
well.
INARCHING is a Method of
Grafting, which is commonly call’d
Grafting by Approach. 'This Method |
of Grafting is ufed, when the Stock
you intend to graft on, and the Tree’
from which you would take the
Graft, fiand fo near (or can be)
brought fo near), that they may be
joined together. The, Method of
performing it is as follows: Take
the Branch you would inarch, and
having fitted it to that Part of the
Stock where you intend to join it,
pare away the Rind and Wood on
one Side about three Inches in’
Length. After the fame manner
cut the Stock or Branch in the Place —
where the Graft is to be united, fo -
that, thé Rind of both may join

equally

itn) es Bae

equally together, that the Sap may
meet ; then cut a little Tongue up-
ward in the Graft, and make a
Notch in the Stock to admit it; fo
that when they are joined, the
Tongue will prevent their flipping,
and the Graft will moreclofely unite
with the Stock. Having thus placed
them exactly together, you muf tie
them with fome Bafs, or other foft
‘Tying ; then cover~the Place with
grafting Clay, to prevent the Air
from entering to dry the Wound, or
the Wet from getting in to rot the
Stock : you fhould alfo fix a Stake
into the Ground to which that Part
of the Stock, as alfo the Graft, fhould
be faftened, to prevent the Wind
from breaking them afunder, which
is often the Cafe when this Precas-
ion is not obferved.

In this manner they are to remain
about four Months, by which time

. they will be fufficiently united; and

the Graft may then be cut from the
Mother tree, obferving to flope it
of clofe to the Stock: and if at this

time you cover the joined Parts with |

frefh grafting Clay, it will be of
great Service to the Graft.

This Operation is always per-
formed in April or May, that the
Graft may unite with the Stock be-
fore the fucceeding Winter; and is
commonly praflifed upon Oranges,
Myrtles, Jafmines, Walnuts, Firs,
Pines, and feveral other Trees,
which will not fucceed by common
Grafting or Budding. But altho’ I
have mentioned Orange-trees among
the reft, yet I would by no means
advife this Praftice where the Trves
are defigned to grow large, which,
in this Method, they rarely ever will
do.: and it is chiefly practifed upon
thofe ‘Trees only as a Curiofity, to

have a young Plant with Fruit upon

3t, ina Year or two from Seed, by
inarching a bearing Branch inte a

ee
young Stock, whereby it is effetted :
yet thefe Plants are feldom long-
liv’d.

INDIGO. Vide Anil.

INGA.

This is the American Name of the ~
Plant; for which we have no Ezg-
dio Name at prefent.

The CharaGers are;

it bath a funnel-foaped Flower,
confifting of one Leaf, whofe Tube is
Surbelowed : from the Flower-cup arifes
the Pointal, fixed like a Nail in the
Hinder-part of the Flower, which af-
terward becomes a foft flefoy Pod s in
which are contained many irregular
Seeds inclofedin a fweet Pulp.

We know but one Sgecies of this
Plant; viz.

Inca fore albo fimbriato, frufu
dulci. Plum. Nov. Gen. Inga witha
white furbelowed Flower, and a
{weet Fruit.

This Tree is very common on the
North Side of the Ifland of Famaica,
at La Vera Cruz, and in feveral
ether Parts of the Spanifh We/t-In-
dies; where it rifes to the Height of
fixteen or twenty Feet, and fends
forth many crooked ftrageling
Branches, which hang dowaward,
and are covered with a whitifh Bark.
The Flowers come out at the Ends
of the Branches, which are fucceeded
by the Pods, which are fometimes
eaten by the Negroes.

In Furope this Plant is preferved
by thcfe Perfons who are curious in
Exotic Plants : it is propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown early
i the Spring, in Pots filled with
light rich Earth, and plunged into
an Hot-bed of Tanners Bark. When
the Plants are come up two Inches
high, they fhould‘be carefully tranf-
planted into feparate Pots filled with
light rich Earth, and then plunged
into the Hot-bed again, being care-
ful to fhade them from the Sun, ur-

we tid

wire © brite

I'N
til they have taken new Root; after
which time they muft be plentifully

watered ; and in hot Weather the -

Glaffes of the Hot-bed fhould be
raifed every Day, to admit frefh Air
to the Plants, to prevent their being
drawn up too weak. At Michaelmas
thefe Plants muft be removed into
the Stove, and plunged into the Tan
in the watmeft Part of the Bed. Du-
ring the Winter-feafon thefe Plants
muft be kept very warm, and they
muft be frequently refrethed with
Water ; but it muft not be given to
them in too large Quantities in cold
‘Weather : in the Summer they muft
be plentifully watered ; and in hot
Weather they fhould have a large
Share of frefh Air, by opening of
the Glaffes of the Stove ; but they
muft not be removed out of the
Stove; for they are too tender to
endure the open Air of this Coun-
try, in the warmeft Part of the Year.
When the Plants have filled the Pots
with their Roots, they fhould be
tranfplanted into larger, and their
Roots fhould be then carefully trim-
med. With this Management the
Plants will thrive, and ina few Years
produce Flowers ; fo will add to the
Variety amongit other tender Exotic
Plants.

INOCULATI NG, or Budding.
This is commonly praétifed upon all
Sorts of Stone-fruit ; in particular,
fuch as Peaches, Nectarines, Cher-
ties, Plums, é¢. as alfo upon Oran-
ges and Jafmines; and 1s preferable
to any Sort of Grafting for moit

‘Sorts of Fruit. The Method of per-
forming it is as follows :

You muft
be provided with a fharp Penknife,
having a flat Haft (the Ufe of which
is to raife the Bark of the Stock, to

‘admit the Bud), and fome found

Bafs-mat, which fhould be foaked
jn Water, to increafe its Strength,
and make it more pliable; then

IN.

having taken off the Cuttings from
the Trees you would propagate, you
fhould choofe a fmooth Part of the
Stock about five or fix Inches above
the Surface of the Ground, if de-

- figned for Dwarfs ; but if for Stand-

ards, they fhould be budded fix
Feet above-ground: then with your
Knife make an horizontal Cut crofs
the Rind of the Stock, and from the
Middle of that Cut make a Slit
downward about two Inches in
Length, fo that it may be in the
Form of a T : but you muft be care-
ful not to cut too deep, left you
wound the Stock: then having cut
off the Leaf from the Bud, leaving
the Footftalk remaining, you fhould
make a crofs Cut about half an Inch

‘below the Eye, and with your Knife

flit off the Bud, with Part of the
Wood to it, in form of an Efcut-
cheon: this done, you muft with
your Knife pull off that Part of the
Wood which was taken with the
Bud, obferving whether the Eye of
the Bud be left to it, or not, (for all
thofe Buds which lofe their ‘Eyes i in
ftripping, fhould be thrown away,
being good for nothing) : then hav-
ing gently raifed the Bark of the
Stock with the flat Haft of your
Penknife clear to the Wood, you
fhould thruft the Bud therein, ob-
ferving to place it fmooth between
the Rind and the Wood of the
Stock, cutting off any Part of the
Rind belonging to the Bud, which
may be too long for the Slit made in

the Stock; and fo having exaétly,

fitted the Bud to the Stock, you
muft tie them clofely round with
Bafs-mat, beginning at the Under-
part of the Slit, and fo proceed to
the Top, taking care that you do
not bind round the Eye of the Bud,

which fhould be left open.
When your Buds have béen ino-
culated three Weeks, or a Month,
you

“es

IN

you will fee which of them have

_ taken; thofe of them which appear

fhrivelled and black, being dead;
‘but thofe which remain frefh and
plump, you may depend, are joined:
and at this time you fhould looien
the Banddge; which, if not done in
time, will pinch the Stock, and
greatly injure, if not deftroy, the
Bad.

The March following you muft
£ut off the Stock about three Inches
above the Bud, floping ‘it, that the
‘Wet may pafs off, and not enter the
Stock: to this Part of the Stock left
2bove the Bud, it is very proper to
faften the Shoot which proceeds from
the Bud, and would be in Danger of
‘being blown out, if not prevented:
but this muft continue on no longer
than one Year; after which it muft
be cut off clofe above the Bud, that

the Stock may be covered thereby.

‘The time for Inoculating is, from
the middle of une until the middle
of Auguff, according to the For-
~ wardnefs of the Seafon, and the par-
ticular Sorts of Trees ; which may
be eafily known, by trying the Buds
whether they will come off well from
the Wood. But the mo% general
Rule is, when you obferve the Buds
formed at the Extremity of the fame
Year’s Shoots, which is a Sign of
their having finifhed their Spring
Growth.

The firft Sort commonly inocu--

lated is the Apricot ; and the laft
the Orange-tree, which fhould never
be done until the middle of Augn/.
And in doing this Work, you fhould
make choice of cloudy Weather ; for
if it be done in the middle of the
Day, in very hot Weather, the
Shoots will perfpire fo fait, as to
leave the Buds deftitute of Moitture.
Nor fhould you take off the Cut-
tings from the Trees long before

dey are ufed: but if you are obli-

oy

yo

ged to fetch your Cuttings from fome
Diftance, as it often happens, you
fhould then -be provided with a tin
Inftrument, having a Socket about.
ten Inches long, and a Cover to the
Top, which muft have five or fix
Holes ; in this Socket you fhould
put as much Water as will fill it
about two or three Inches high, and
place your Cuttings therein in an up-
right Pofition, fo that. that Part
which was cut from the Tree may
be fet in the Water, and fo faften
down the Cover to keep out the Air;
and the Holes in the Cover will be
fufficient to let the Perfp‘ration of

thefe Branches pafs off; which, if

pent in, would be very hurtful to
them: and you muft be careful to
Carry it upright, that the Water
may not reach to the Buds; for it is
avery wrong Practice in thofe who
throw their Cuttings all over in Wa- .
ter, which fo faturates the Buds with
Moifture, that they have no attra-
ctive Force left to imbibe the Sap of
the Stock, whereby they very often
mifcarry.

Bat before I quit this Head, I beg
Leave to obferve, that tho’ it is a
Practice to diveft the Bud of that
Part of the Wood which was taken
from the Shoot with it; yet, in
many Sorts of tender Trees, it is
beft to preferve a little. Wood to the
Bud, without which they often mif-
carry. ‘The not obferving this, has
occafioned fome People to imagine,
that fome Sorts of Trees are not to
be propagated by Inoculation; where-

as, if they had perform’d it in this | _

Method, they might have fucceed-
ed, as I have feveral times experi-
enced.
INTYBUS. Vide Endivia.
JOHNSONIA.
The Title of this Genus was gi-
ven by the late Dr. Thomas Dale, of
Carolina, in Memory of Dr, Fobz-

x 4 Sots

jo
fon, who publifhed an Edition of
Gerrard's Herbal, improved and cor-
rected.
The Charaers are;

The Empalement of the Flower con-
fis of one Leaf, which is cut at the
‘Brim into four foarp Portions: the
Flowers are monopetalous and tubulous,
being divided into four Segments at the
Brim: in the Centre of the Flower is
fituated the Pointal, attended by four
‘Stamina, which fupport yellow oblong
Summits: the Pointal afterward
changes to a round fucculent Fruit,
having one Cell, inelofing many fmall
Seeds.

We have but ane Species of this
Genus at prefent; vz.

JOoHNSONIA froribus verticillatis
Seffilibus, foliis cvats-lanceolatis oppo-
Jfitis, caule fruticofo. Dale. Shrubby
‘Johnfonia, with oval fpear fhaped
Leaves growing oppofite, and the
Flowers growing in Whorles clofe
to the Branches.

This is figur’din Mr. Catefby’s Hi-

+ flory of Carelina, Vol. 1. p. 47..by
the Tide of Frutex baccifer verticil-
Jatus, foliis feabris latis dentatis &
conjugatis, baccis purpureis denfe con-
gefis. It grows plentifully in the
Woods near Char/es-Towz in South-
Carelina ; and the Leaves of the
Shrub were often ufed by Dr. Dak,
in the Cure of Dropfies. A parti-
¢ular Account of the Virtues of this,
and many other Plants growing in
the fame Country, was written by
the Doétor, and fent directed for me,
during the time of the late War;
but the Ship being taken, the Papers
were loft ; and, the Doctor dying foon
after, I could not procure another
Copy of them.

This Shrub rifes from four to fix
Feet high, having many flender
Branches coming out from the
Ground upwards, fo as to form a
Thicket, .where the Plants are

JO
in plenty. Thefe Branches are
covered with a woolly Sub-
ftance, and are garnifhed with oval
Leayes, placed oppofite by Pairs,
having pretty long Footftalks. The
Leaves are narrow at their Bafe, but
extend to the Breadth of three
Inches, and terminate in a Point,
being a little indented on their
Edges: they have a rough Surface,
and are a little inclining to be mealy,
like the Leaves of Viburnum. At
each Joint of the Branches, where
the Leaves are fet on, the Flowers
are produced in Whorles, clofely

- adhering to the Branches, which

are fmall], and of a purple Colour,
Thefe are fucceeded by foft fuccu-
lent Berries, of a bright red Colour,
which change to a deep Purple as
they decay: in each of thefe are
many {mall Seeds.

The Seeds of this Shrub were fent
to England by Mr. Cazcfby in 1724.
and many of the Plants were raifed,
in the Gardens near London, which
were planted, when grown to have
Strength, in the open Air, where
they fucceeded very well, and fome
of them produced their Flowers for
feveral Years ; but there was not any
of their Fruit fucceeded the Flowers
in Exgland. The Plants having fuc-
ceeded fo well in the open Air for
fome Years, occafioned their being
in general"planted abroad, and the
fevere Froft in the Year 1739. de-
flroyed them all; fo that until Dr.
Dake fent a freth Supply of Seeds in
the Year 1744. there were none of
the Plants left in the Exg/i/b Gardens.

The Plants arife very eafily from

the Seeds, if they are fown upona

a moderate Hot-bed; but during
the two or three firft Years, they are
tender; fo that if they are not pro-
te&ed from the Froft, they are fre-
guently killed to the Ground in
Winter ; but when they have ac-

"quired

IR
guired Strength, they will refift the
Cold of our ordinary Winters, pro-
vided they are planted in a fhelter’d
Situation ; but as they are liable to
be killed by fevere Froft, it will be
- proper to have fome Plants fhelter’d
to preferve the Kind. When the
Plants are kept in a Green-houfe,
they generally retain their Leaves
till the Spring ; but thofe which are
expofed to the open Air, always fhed
their Leaves in Autumn. As thefe
Plants do not produce Seeds in this
Country, the only Method of pro-
pagating them is by Layers, which
fhould be laid in the Autumn ; and
if they are duly {applied with Wa-
ter the following Summer, they will
have made good Roots by Michael-
mas; and they may be then taken
off, and tranfplanted, either into
Pots to be fheltered in Winter, or in
Borders where they are defign'd to
remain ; but thefe fhould have Mulch
laid about their Roots in Winter, to
preferve them from the Froft. The
Plants which are thus propagated,
will be hardier than thofe which are
raifed from Seeds, fo may be better
inured to our Climate ; and as this
Plant grows in Virginia, the Seeds
brought from thence will be better
adapted to this Country, than thofe
which are brought from South-Ca-
rolina.
JONQUIL. Vide Narciffus.
IRIS, Flower-de-luce.
The CharaGers are;
It hath an oblong ficfby creeping
Root: the Flower confijis of fix
Leaves, three of which are bifid, and
fand ere& ; the other three are reflex-
ed: upon the Under-part of the arched
Leaves is placed a Congeries of Hairs
refembling a Beard: from the very
Bottom arife the Male Stamina, care-
Sully defended by an bollow Cafe of
| Petals: the Flower grows to the
Apex of the Ovary, which fends forth

+

aa
re
ee

tie » SM

IR

thefe Beards and cafe-like Tubes 3 and

hence it appears like a nine-leav’d
lower.
The Species are ;

i. Iris purpurea, five vulgaris,
Park. Par. Common purple Flow-
er-de-luce.

2. Iais hortenfis pallide caerulea.
C. B. Pale-blue Garden Flower-.
de-luce.

3. Iris ortenfis alba Germanica.
C. B. White Garden German Flow-
er-de-luce.

4. Ir1s alba Florentina. C. B.
White Florentine Flower-de-luce.

5. Ir1s Dalmatica major. C. B.
Greater Flower-de-luce of Dalmatia,

6. Inis Sufizna, flare maximo ex
albo nigricante. C. B. The Chalcedo-
nian Iris, with a large black - and-
white Flower.

7. Iris latifolia Pannonica, colore
multiplici. C. B. Broad-leav’d Hun-
garian Flower-de-luce, with a many-
colour’d Flower.

8. Iris Ljrica, flore majore.
Tourn. Flower-de-luce of I/jricum,
with a large Flower.

. Iris fattva lutea. C. B. P.
Yellow Garden Flower-de-luce.

10. Iris /utea variegata. Cluf,
Yellow variegated Flower-de-luce.

11. Iris latifolia candida, purpu-
rets venis diftin@a. C. B, Broad-
leav’d Flower-de-luce, with a white
Flower ftriped with purple.

12. Iris umilis minor, flore pure
pureo. Tourn. Dwarf purple Flower-
de-luce. x

13. Iris anguftifolia maritima
major. C. B. Greater narrow-leav’d
Sea Flower-de-luce.

14. Iris’ anguftifolia maritima
minor. C. B. Leffer narrow-leav’d
Sea Flower-de-luce.

15. Iris angu/tifolia minor Pan-
nonica, five verficolor. Cluf. Small
variable narrow-leay’d Flower-de-
luce of Hungary.

16. Iris

4

IR

316. Iris humilis minor anguftifo-

Lia, fore variegato. Dwarf narrow-
leav’d Flower-de-luce, with a varie-
gated Flower.

17. Iris /jlveftris, quam Xyrim
wvocant. Plin. Raii Syn. Stinking
Gladdon, or Gladwyn.

18. Iris hortenfis latifolia.C. B.P.
Broad - leav’d Garden Flower - de-
luce.

19. Iris latifolia minor alba, ovis
earuleis. Suvert. Small broad-leay’d
Flower-de-luce, with white Flow-
ers, having blue Borders.

20. Iris /atifolia minor alba, oris
dilute purpureis. H. R. Par. Lefler
broad-leav’d Flower - de-luce, with
white Flowers, having pale-purple
Porders.

21. Iris Afatica cerulea polyan-
thos. C. B.P. Many-flower’d blue
Afiatic Flower-de-luce.

22. Iris Afatica purpurea. C. B.
P. Purple 4fatic Flower-de-luce.

23. Iris peregrina fubrabens ino-
dora. C. B. P. Redith foreign
Flower de-luce, without Smell.

24. Iris peregrina, odore oxya-
canthe. C. B. P. Foreign Flower-
de-luce, fmelling like Hawthorn.

25. Iris Byzantina purpuro-ceru-
fea. C.B.P. Purple-blue Flower-
de-luce of Confantinople.

26. Iris Damafcena polyanthos.
C. B.P. Many - flower’d Flower-
de-luce of Dama/fcus.

(27. Iris latifolia Germanica,
odore fuavi. C.B.P. Broad-leav’d

German Flower-de-luce, witha {weet

Smell.

28. Iris Jatifolia Germanica,
odore fambuci.C. B. P. Broad-leav’d
German Flower-de-luce, {melling

_ dike Elder.

-29. Irs latifolia Germanica ochro-
Jeucos. C.B.P. Broad-leav’d Ger-
man Flower -de-luce, with a yel-
‘Jowifh-white Flower.

30. Iris latifolia Germanica can-

IR
dido-purpurea, C. B. P. Broad-
leav’d whitifh-purple German Flow-
er-de-luce. _

31. Ir1s latifolia alba viridis. C.
B. P. White and green broad-leav’d
Flower-de-luce. |

32. Ir1s fatifolia candida, caule
aphyllo. C..B. P. Broad-leay’d white
Flower-de-luce, with a naked Stalk.

33. Iris Jatifolia Belgica varie-
gata. C.B. P. Broad-leav’d varie-
gated Dutch Flower-de-luce. of

4. Iris Belgica caerulea verfico-
Jor. C. B. P. Blue variegated Dutch
Flower-de-luce.

35. Iris latifolia humilior pur-
purea. C.B. P. Broad-leav’d dwarf
purple Flowet-de-luce. .

36. Iris latifolia humilior verft-
color.C. B. P. Broad-leav’d dwarf
variegated Flower-de-luce.

37. Iris Dalmatica minor, Cluf.
Hijp. Small Flower-de-luce of
Dalmatia.

38.,Ir1s paluffris lutea. Tabern,
Jeon. Yellow marfh Flower-de-luce.

39.° Iris paluftris pallida. Rait
Syn. Pale water Flower-de-luce.

40. Iris pratenfis anguftifolia hu-
milior. C. B. P. Lower narrow-
leav’d meadow Flower-de-luce._

41. Iris anguffifolia candida, te
acis rubentibus notata. C.B. P. White
narrow-leav’d Flower-de-luce, ftri-
ped with redifh Lines.

42.1Rr1s anguftifolia, prunum rer
dolens, minor. C. B. P. Smaller nar-
row-leav’d Flower-de-luce, {melling
like Plums. :

43. Iris humilis candicans, venis
EF ora ceruleis. Tourn. Low whitith
Flower-de-luce, with blue Veins and
Borders. ! |

44. Iris humilis Pyrenaica, foliis
repandis é luteo virefcentibus. Tourn.
Low Pyrenean Flower-de-luce, whofe —
bending Leaves are of a greenifh-
yellow Colour,

45. Iris humilis, flore rubello.

Toprny |

rR.
Fourn. Dwarf Flower-de-luce, with
a redifh Flower.
46. Iris humilis, flore pallide
albo. Tourn. Dwarf Flower-de-luce,

with a pale and white Flower.

47.Ir1s humilis, flore luteo. Tourn.
Dwarf yellow Flower-de-luce.

48. Iris humilis; fore pallide lu-
teo. Tourn. Dwarf Flower-de-luce,
with a pale yellow Flower.

49. Iris humilis faxatilis Gal-
lica. Tourn. Dwarf Rock Flower-
de-luce of France, ~

50. Iris Aumilis latifolia major
acaulis. Tourn. Greater broad-leav’d
dwarf Flower-de-luce, without a
Stalk.

51. Iris Americana vwverficolor,
Stylo non crenato. Hort. Elth, Party-
‘coloured American Flower-de-luce,
whofe Style is not crenated.

_§2. Iris Americana verficolor,
fiylo crenato. Hort. Elth. Party-
cololired American Flower-de-luce,
with an indented Style.

53-Ixis Virginiana pumila, five
Chameiris verna anvuftifolia, flore

urpuro- ceruleo odorato. Banift.

- Dwarf narrow-leav’d Spring Flow-

er-de-luce of Virginia, with a purple-
blue fweet {melling Flower.
— §4. Iris Virginiana pumila, five
Chamairis verna odoratiffima latifo-
lia cerulea repens. Banift. The mott
{weet.{cented dwarf Spring Flower-
de-luce of Virginia, with broad
Leaves, and a blue Flower.
Moft-of thefe Sorts have been in-
troduced into curious Gardens, from
Germany, Spain, and the Levant,
which are the Countries of their na-
tural Growth. All thefe are hardy
Plants, which will thrive in the open
Air in this Climate, and require
very little Care to cultivate them:
but as they afford a great Variety,
and continue long in Flower (efpe-
cially in a fhady Situation), they

merit a Place in every large Gar-

“SPEER

den. Thefe Sorts ufually grow
from two to four Feet high,-in a
good Soil ; therefore fhould be plac’d

-amongft hardy Flowers of the fame

Growth.

The twelfth, thirty-fifth, thirty-
fixth, and thirty-feventh Sorts are of
lower Growth than either of the
former; thefe feldom rife above a
Foot high, but have Leaves as broad
as thofe before-mentioned ; but not
fpreading fo faft by their Roots, do
not require fo much room. Thefe
Sorts flower earlier in the Spring,
than the tall-growing Kinds ; there-
fore, if fome of thefe Roots are
planted in a warm Situation, their
Flowers will appear in March; and
thofe which have an Eaft Expofure,
will fucceed thefe ; fo that fomé of
them may be continued near two
Months in Beauty.

The feventeenth, thirty-eighth,
and thirty-ninth Sorts grow wild in
marfhy Places in feveral Parts of
England; but the thirty-eighth is
much more common than the others,
which is found in ftanding Waters
and Ditches almoft every-where.
The Roots of this Sort are ufed in
Medicine, under the Title of Acorus
adulterinus, or falfe Acorus. 'Thefe
two Sorts, being very common, are
feldom admitted into Gardens; but
where there happens a Bog, or any

low moift Place, in a Garden, fome

of them may be planted for Variety-
fake.

The fortieth Sort grows wild in
moift Meadows in France and Ger-
many; but is not a Native of this
Country. ‘This Sort has narrow
Leaves, and is a much lefs Plant
than either of the former; therefore
may be allowed a Place in fhady
moift Borders for the fake of Varie-
ty, being a very hardy Plant, and re-
quiring very little Care to cultivate.

The thirteenth, fourteenth, fif-

teenth,

TERE.
¢eenth, fixteenth, forty-firft, forty-
fecond, forty-third, forty - fourth,
forty-fifth, forty-fixth, forty-feventh,
forty-eighth, forty-ninth, and fiftieth
Sorts are alfo of humble Growth,
{eldom rifing above eighteen Inches
high; thefe have likewife narrow
Leaves, and do not {pread fo much
as thofe Sorts before-mentioned ;
therefore may be allowed Places in
{maller Gardens, becaufe there is a
great Variety in their Flowers.
‘They fhould be planted in an Eaft
Border, where the Soil is rather moitft
thandry; in which Pofition they will
thrive, and produce a great Number
of Flowers. The Places of their
natural Growth are mentioned to
their ditferent Names; from whence
their Seeds or Roots may be pro-

cured.

7

The fifty-firft, fifty-fecond, fifty-
third, and fifty-fourth Sorts are Na-
tives of America; from whence their

_ Seeds and Roots have been {ent into

England: the fifty-firft and fifty-
fecond Sorts were fent from Mary-
fand, where their Roots are ufed in
venereal Cafes. Thefe flower late
in the Summer, after all the other
Sorts are pait: therefore fhould be
admitted into every curious Gar-
den ; for they are as hardy, and re-
quire as little Care in cultivating, as
any of the before-mentioned Kinds.
All thefe Sorts of Flower-de-luce
may be propagated by parting their
Roots: the beft Seafon for perform-
ing this is at Michaelmas, that they

_may be well rooted before the Froft

begins; for if it be delayed tll
Spring, the Plants will require to be
frequently watered, if the Seafon
fhould prove dry ; and they will not

_ flower near {fo ftrong, as thofe which

were well rooted before Winter. The
dwarf and narrow-leav'd Kinds may
be removed and parted every fecond
or third Year; becaufe as thefe do

IR

not {pread fo faft as the larger Kinds,
they may be eafily kept within Com-
pafs, without being often tranfplant-
ed. But all the larger Sorts fhould be
either removed and parted every
Year, or dug about, and reduced ;
otherwife they will fpread fo much
as to injure fuch Plants as grow
near them : indeed in thofe Places
where they are planted under Trees
in large Wood-work, and are allow-
ed room enough, they may be per-
mitted to grow many Years unre-
moved.

The greateft Part of thefe Plants
grow too large for {mall Flower-
gardens; and their Leaves generally
harbour great Quantities of Snails,
and other Vermin, which come forth
in the Night, and deftroy whatever
Curious Plants grow near them : for
which Reafons they are generally
banifh’d from very curious Gardens,
and are proper only for large Gar-
dens, or to plant in Wildersels-quar-
ters, where, if the Trees are not too
clofe, they will thrive and flower
extremely well, efpecially if the
Ground about them be annually dug:
and the Flowers being ‘proper Or-
naments in Bafons, for Halls, Chim-
neys, é¥c. in the Summer-feafon,
they may be allowed a Place in fome
remote Part of the Garden, where
few other things will thrive.

The 1ft, 4th, and 7th Sorts are
ufed in Medicine; for which Pur-
pofe they may be eafily propagated
in the manner above directed; ob-
ferving to plant the fourth Sort ina
warmer Soil than the others; and
the feventeenth into a moift fhady _
Situation, where it will. thrive ex-
ceedingly.

The 6th, 15th, and r6th Sorts
are not fo fubject to fpread as the
others; and, for their Beauty, may
be admitted into every curious Gar-

den : thefe fhould be planted under,
| a Wall

IR

a Wall or Pale where they may have
=the morning Sun; but muft not be
expofed to the great Heat of the
mid-day Sun, which would foon de-
flroy them: they delight moft ina
freth light loamy undung’d Soil, and
to be pretty moift.

The fixth Sort is the moft beau-
tiful and rare of all the Kinds: the
Flowers of this Sort are very large,
and finely variegated with black and
white; fo by fome it is called, the
Second- mourning Iris.

All thefe Sorts may alfo be pro-
pagated by Seeds, which they gene-
rally produce in great Plenty ; which
fhould be faved from fuch as have
variegated Flowers, thofe being moft
likely to produce the greatelt Va-
riety.

The Seeds fhould be fown either
in Cafes of Earth, or upon an Eaft
Border, foon after they are ripe,
which will come up the fueceeding
Spring; but if the Seeds are kept
till that time before they are fown,
they will not come up until the
fecond Year, and fometimes will not
grow. The young Plants fhould be
conftantly kept clean from Weeds,
and in dry Weather fhould be wa-
tered, which will greatly promote
their Growth; and the Michaelmas
following they fhould be tranfplanted
into an Eaft Border, at about eight
or ten Inches Diftance, where they
may continue until they flower,
which, in the fmall Sorts, will be
the fucceeding Spring ; but the large

Sorts will not flower till the third ~

Year from fowing, when you may
mark all fuch as produce valuable
Flowers, which at Michaelmas may
be tranfplanted into the Garden:
but thofe which are of little Beauty
may be pulled up in Flower, and
_ thrown away, to give the better
_ Sortsmoreroom.

dee
1’s

IRIS BULBOSA. 2 Vide Xiphix

IRIS PERSICA. um.

ISATIS, Woad.

The Charaers are;

The Flower confifis of four Leaves,
which are difpofedin form of a Crofs
out of whofe Flower-cup rifes the
Pointal, which afterward turns to @
Fruit in the Shape of a Tongue, fat
at the Edge, gaping two Ways, baw-
ing but one Cell; in which is con-
tained, for the moft part, one oblong
Seed.

The Speczes are ;

1. Isatrs fativa, five latifolia.
C. B, Broad-leav’d manured Woad.

2. Isatis fylvefris, vel angufti-
folia. C. B. _Narrow-leav’d wild
Woad. |

3. Isatis Datmatica major. Bo-
bart. Greater Dalmatian Woad.

There are fome other Varieties of
this Plant, which are preferv’d in
fome curious Botanic Gardens: but
as they are Plants of little Ufe or
Beauty, I fhall omit mentioning them
here.

The firft Sort is that which is cul-
tivated in England, for the Ufe of
Dyers; who ufe it for laying the
Foundation of many Colours, efpe-
cially all Sad-colours,

It is a very rich Commodity, and
well worth the propagating ; which
is done by Seed.

The Soil that it requires, is one
that is dry and warm: it will not be
amifs if it be a little gravelly or
fandy; and it fhould have refted
long, to be in good Heart: and the
richeft Garden - ground near great
‘Towns is the beft; tho’ it will do
well in many other Places.

Woad is commonly fown upon 2
Lay, which they plow into high
Ridges, except the Land be very
dry ; and they harrow the Turf till
they break it to Pieces, and pick out —

ale

IS
all the Grafs, Weeds, an@ Lumps
of Earth, and fling them into the
Furrows to rot.

The Land for this Seed ought to
be finely plow’d and harrow’d, and

all the Clods and Turfs broken, and -

the Stones pick’d up, and carry’d
off.

The beft time for fowing it is the
Latter-end of ‘Fuly, foon after the
Seed is ripe ; which will come up in
Auguft, and mutt be hoed out, as is
practis’d for Turneps, leaving the
Plants ten or twelve Inches afunder ;
by which means they will grow
ftrong, and produce much larger
Leaves; and befides, that {own at
this Seafon doth feldom mifcarry ;
whereas that which is fown in the
Spring will be very liable thereto ;
and if it doth.not, the Plant will not
have half the Strength the firit Sum-
mer.

It ought to be kept conftantly
weeded ; but if it come up good, it

~ will need the lefs weeding : the or-

dinary Price of Weeding is eight
Shillings per Acre.

Some recommend the fowing of it
about the Beginning of February;
for which they give this Reafon, that
whereas it is apt to be fpoil’d by the
Fly and Grub, it efcapes the better,
being éarly fown ; and if they do kill
any of it, they have the better Op-
portunity of fowing more.

They-do this by making Holes
with a Stick about feven or eight
Inches afunder, and put five or fix
Seeds into each Hole.

They feldom or never fow it more
than two Years upon the fame Piece
of Land ; becaufe, if it be long con-
tinued, it.robs the Soil : but if it be
moderately ufed, it prepares Land
for Corn ; and where the Soil isrank,
it abates the too great Fertility of
it.

’

Te is ripe when the Leaf ts come
|

to its full Growth, and retains its
perfect Colour, and lively ‘Green-:
nefs; which is fometimes fooner, and
fometimes later, as the Year proves
dry or moift.

As foon as it is fit to ent, it fhould
be done with a!! the Speed that
pofiibly may be, that it may not fade,
or grow pale ; and when it is cnt, it
ought to be immediately carry’d to
the Mill. The manner of doing
which, and the way of ordering it;
is bet learn’d from experienc’d
Workmen; and is not to be trufted

to a verbal Defeription of it.

In plowing it up, and fowing it
again, they pick up all the old
Roots as they harrow it, except
what they defign for Seed, which they
let fland to the next Year: it many
times produces fifty Quarters upon
an Acre.

They always keep a good Quan-
tity of Seed by them, to plant the
Ground that fails: the Seed of twa
Years old will fometimes grow ; but
as it is apt to fail, it is better to fow
that of the firft. And if they fow or .
plant it Jate, if the Ground be dry
and hard, they fteep it in Water the
Day before they fow it, which
caufes it to come‘up the fooner.

Good Woad may yield five or fix
Crops in a plentiful Year ; though it
ordinarily yields but four, fometimes
but three; efpecially if it be let
ftand to grow for Seed: but what
grows in Winter they do not ule,
though it is very good for Sheep.
The two firft Crops are the beit,
which are ufually mix’d in the fea-
foning. The latter Crops are much
the worfe; which, if mixed with
either of the former Crops, fpoil the
Whole. ER

It many times feils from fix Pounds —
to thirty Pounds a Ton, ar Acre
common yielding about a Ton,

ISORA, ‘The Screw-tree.

The

eo , — 2 © Po

:

Is
- The Charaéers are ;
It hath a fpreading anomalous

Flower, confifting of one or many

' Gen,

Leaves, divided into feveral Parts,
and appearing like tavo Lips; from
the Bottom of the Flower arifes the
Pointal, whofe Apex afterward be-
comes a twifted Fruit, confifing of
many Celis, avhich are intorted like
a Screw : in which are contained fe-
weral almoft kidney-/haped Seeds.
The Species are;

1. Isora althee foltis, frudtu
breviori «8 craffiori. Plum. Nov.
The Sérew-tree with Marfh-
mallow-leaves, and a fhorter and
thicker Fruit.

2. Isora althee foliis, fru&u
longiori FP angufiiort. Plum. Nov.
Gen. The Screw-tree with Marth-
mallow-leaves, and a longer and

_ flenderer Fruit.

3. Isora althee folio ampliffimo,
fruciu craffifime F villofo. Houft.
The Screw-tree with very large
Marfh-mallow-leaves,. and a very
thick hairy Fruit.

Thefe Plants are Natives of the
Eaft and Wejt-Indies, where they
grow to the Height of ten or twelve

eet, and become fhrubby. The firft
of thefe Sorts I received from the
Bahama Iflands, where it grows in
great Plenty; as alfo in feveral
other Places in the warm Parts of
America. ‘The fecond Sort was
found by Mr. Robert Millar, Sur-
‘geon, at Carthagena in the Spanifh
W eft-Indies, from whence he fent the
Seeds to England; from which there
have been feveral Plants raifed. The
third Sort was difcovered by Dr.
William Houftoun in Jamaica, who
fent the Seeds and dried Samples of
this Kind to Eng/and.

All thefe Plants are propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown in

Pots filled with light rich Earth, and
_ then plunged into a moderate Hot-

IT

bed of Tanners Bark. When tie
Plants begin to appear, they fhould
be gently refrefhed with Water 5 and
when they are grown about three
Inches high, they fhould be care-
fully tranfplanted, each into a fepa-
rate {mall Pet filled with light rich
Earth, and then plunged into the
Hot-bed again ; obferving to’ fhade
them until they have taken new
Root. During the Summer-feafon
thefe Plants may remain in the Hot-
bed (provided they are not fo high
as to touch the Glaffes); but at
Michaelmas they fhould be removed
into the Stove, and plunged into
the Bark-bed. During the Winter
they fhould be kept very warm, and
they muft be often watered ; and if
their Leaves contract Filth, they
fhould be wafhed with a Sponge;
otherwife Infects will attack them,
which will weaken and deftroy the
Plants.

Thefe Plants are too tender to
thrive in the open Air in this Cli-
mate, if they are expofed thereto,
even in the warmetft Seafon ; fo that
they fhould conitantly remain in the
Stove; obferving in very hot Wea-
ther to open the Glaffes of the Stove
to admit frefh Air to the Plants, an@
to give them plenty of Water ; as al-
fo to fhift them into larger Pots as
they increafe in Magnitude. With
this Management the Plants will
thrive very well, and in two Years
from Seeds, will produce their
Flowers and Fruit.

The Name Jfora, which Father
Plumier has given to this Genus, ts
the Jndian Name for the Plant; but
by the Luglio Inhabitants of Ame-
rica it is called Screw-tree, from
the Form of the Fruit, which is
twilted like a Screw. |

ITEA, Flor. Virg.

The CharaGers are;
+ The Empalement of the Flower is of

ene
w

ey
ee

eS eT

lt

ene Leaf, andis cut into five Parts:
the Flower is alfo civided into five
Parts to the Bottom: in the Centre
of the Flower is fituated the Pointal,
attended by frve Stamina: the Pointal
afterward changes to an oval Seed-
veffel, having one Cell, which is full
of fmall Seeds.

We have but one Species of this
Plant;

Ivrea humilis, foliis lanceolatis,
foribus fpicatis albis. Dwarf Itea,
with fpear-fhaped Leaves, and white
Flowers growing ina Spike.

We have no Englif Name for this
Shrub; the Latin Name was applied
to it by Dr. Groggyius in his Flora
Virginica.

This Shrub grows in moift Soils
in feveral Parts of North America,
where it rifes to the Height of four
or five Feet, fending out many
Branches on every Side, from the
Ground upward. At the Extremity
of the fame Year’s Shoots, in the
Month of Fuly, are produced fine
Spikes of white Flowers, fomewhat

_tefembling thofe of the Cornib
Cherry; and when thefe Shrubs are

in Vigour, they will be intirely co-
vered with thefe Spikes of Flowers ;
fo that they make a fine Appearance

at their Seafon of flowering.

At prefent this Shrub is very rare
in England: the only Garden where
I have feen it in Vigour, is that of
his Grace the Duke of Argyll at
Whitton, near Hounflow; where the
Soil agrees fo well with this Plant,

-as that it thrives and flowers as well

as in its native Country.

This Shrub will live in the open
Air in England, the Cold never in-
juring it; but it will not thrive up-
on dry gravelly Ground, being very
apt to die in fuch Places in the Sum-
mer-feafon. It is propagated by
Layers; but as thefe are commonly
two Years before they take Root,

-

ju
cannot be propagated in fuch Pleaty
as were to be wifhed: for as this
Shrub flowers at a Seafon’ when —
there are few others in Beauty, it is
the more valuable.
JUDAICA ARBOR. Vide Ce-
reis.

JUGLANS; The Walnut.

The Chara&ers are ;

It hath Male Flowers or Kathins,
which are produced at remote Diftan-
ces from the Fruit on the fame Tree:
the Female Flowers grow tavo or three
together, clofe to the Branches: thefe
are divided into four acute Segments ¢
the Pointal is fituated in the Bottom
of the Empalement, which turns to a
large Nut covered with a thick green
Coat: the Nut is deeply furrowed,
and divided in the middle, containing
a Kernel having four Lobes, which
zs covered with a thin Skin.

The Species are ;

1. JucLans frufu maximo. C;
B.P. The largett Walnut.

2. JUGLANS fruu tenero, eS fra-
gil putamine. C:B.P. ‘The thin-
fhelled Walnut.

3. Juctans fruu perduro. Inft.
R.H. The hard-fhelled Walnut,
by fome called the French Walnut.

4. JucLaws fruu ferctino. Inft
R. H, Late-ripe Walnut.

5. JucLans nigra, frudu rotunda
profund:ffime infeulpto. Clay. Flor«
Virg. The black Virginia Walnut.

6. Jucvans nigra, fru&u oblonga
profundi {ime infculpto. Virginia black
Walnut, with long Fruit.

7. Jucians alba, fru&u ovato
comprefjo, cortice glabro, pinnis folio+ |
rum latioribus SF ferratis. The
Hickery Walnut. ~

8. Juctans alba, frudiu ovate
comprefjo, nucleo dulci, cortice fqua-
mofo. Clay. Flor. Virg. ‘The Shag-
bark Walnut.

9. Jucians alba, frufiu minori;
cortice glabre. Clay. Flor. Virg, The

. {malt

tmall Hickery, or white Virginia
Walnut.
10. Jucians alba procerior; Sru-

_ Gu minimo, putamine teneriori, pinnis

_ foliorum minoribur, Clay. Flor. Virg.

The leaft white Virginian Walnut,
commonly called Pignuts.

This Genus of Plants has been
univerfally titled Nux juglans, tll
Dr. Linneus alter’d it to this of Fu-
glans, the other being a compound
Name.

The four Sorts firft-mention’d are
propagated promifcuoufly in Exg-
fand, and IJ believe are all feminal
Variations, and not diftinét Species,
as in moft other Sorts of Fruit-trees ;
for it rarely happens, that the Trees
rkifed from Seeds produce the fame
Sort of Fruit again: fo that thofe
who would be fure of their Fruit,
ffould either make choice of fuch
Trees in the Nurfery which have
produced Fruit, and prove to be the
Sort they would have, or elfe inarch
the Sorts intended upon any com-

mon Walnut-ftock; in which Me-

thod they will fucceed; but thefe
feldom make fo good Trees as thofe
which are raifed from Seeds.

The firft and fecond Sorts are
chiefly’ preferr’d for their Fruit,
which are very large; and the Shells
of the fecond Sort are fo tender, as
to be broken between the Fingers
without any Difficulty ; for which

-. Reafon it is efteem’d the beft worth

Propagating, for the wait, of any
ef the Sorts.

The Virgintan Sorts are preferved
as Rarities, by fuch Perfons who

’ are curious in collecting the feveral

Sorts of Trees; but thefe are all

worth cultivating for their Timber,

which is preferable to that of our

common Walnuts; and thefe Trees

are equally as hardy, and fome of

them of much quicker Growth than

_ the common Sort, efpecially the fifth
iol ian II.

Ju

and fixth Sorts; the firft of which
produces great Quantities of Fruit
annually in the Phyfic-garden; but
they are of no Ufe, except to pro-
pagate the Species ; for their Sheils
are fo hard as fcarcely to be broken

with a Mallet; and the Kernel is fo °

fmall, that it is not worth the
Trouble of coming at it.

All the Sorts of Walnuts which
are propagated for Timber, thould
be fown in the Places where they are
to remain; for the Roots of thefe
Trees always incline downward 3
which, being flopp’d or broken, pre-
vent their aipiring upward ; fo that
they afterwards. divaricate into
Branches, and become low-fpreading
Trees; but fuch as are propagated
for Fruit, are greatly mended by
tran{planting; for hereby they are
render'd more fruitful, and their
Fruit are generally larger and fairerj
it being a common Obtervation,
that downright Roots greatly en-
courage the luxuriant Growth of
Timber in all Sorts of Trees 3 but
fuch. Trees as have their Roots
{preading near the Surface of the
Ground, are always the moft fruit-
ful.

The Nuts fhould be preferved in
their outer Covers in dry Sand antil
February; when they fhould be
planted in Lines, at the Diitance
you intend them to remain; but in

the Rows they may be placed Pie

clofe, for fear the Nuts fhould mif=_-
carry ; and the young Trees, where.
they are too thick, may be remo-"
ved, after they have grown two
Years, leaving the Remainder at

the Diftance where they are to °

ftand.

In tranfplanting thefe Trees, you
fhould always obierve never to prune
either their Roots or Branches, both
which are very injurious to’ them 3
nor fhould you be too bufy in lop-

¥y ping

~

8 i i ee es eee
2 chon
or

pee wh
ping or pruning the Branches of thefe
Trees ; for it often caufes them to
decay : but when there is a Necef-

fity of cutting any of their Branches .

off, it fhould be done early in Sep-
tember, that the Wound may heal
over before the Cold increafes ; and
the Branches fhould always be cut
off quite clofe to the Trunk, other-

wile the Stump which is left will de- -

éay, and rot the Body of the Tree.
The beit Seafon for tranfplanting
thefe Trees is as foon as the Leaves
begin to decay ; at which time, if
they are carefully taken up, and
their Branches preferved intire, there
will be litue Danger of their. fue-
ceeding, altho’ they are eight or tea
Years old, as I have feveral times

"exper aad

This Tree delights in a firm rich
foamy Soil, or fuch as is inclinable
to Chalk or Marl; and wil thrive
very well in flony Ground, and on
chalky Hills, as may be feen hy
thofe large Plautations near Leather-

- head; Godfone, and Carfbalton in

-

Surry, where are great Numbers of
thefe Trees planted upon the Downs;
Whieh annually produce large Quan-
tities of Fruit, to the great Advan-
tage of their Owners ; one of whom,
I have been told, farms the Fruit of
his Trees, to thofe who fupply the
Markets, for thirty Pounds per
Annum.

The Diftance thefe Trees fhould
be placed, ought not to be lefs than

‘forty Feet, efpecially if regard be
had to’ their Fruit; though when

they are only defigned for Timber,
if they ftand near,. it promotes their
‘upright Growth. The black Vir-

ginian Walnut is miuch more ineline- —
_ . able to grow upright than the com-

mon Sort; and the Wood being ge-
nerally of a more beautiful Grain,
rendets it. preferabie to that, aud
beiter wert culdvating. I have

\
feen free of this Wood Coble hath’
been beautifully vein’d with Black

-and.White; which, when poliflid,:.

has appear’d at a Diftance like vein’d .
Marble. ‘This Wood is greatly
efteem’d by the Cabinet-makers for
Inlaying, as alfo for Bediteads, Stools,
Tables, and Cabinets; and is one.
of the moft durable Woods for thofe
Purpofes yet known, it being rarely
infected with Infeéts of any Kind
(which may proceed from its ex-

_traordinary Bitcernefs).: but it is not

proper for Buildings of Strength, it.
being of a moft brittle Nature, and
exceeding fubject to break very

fhort, tho’ it commonly gives No-

tice thereof, by its cracking fome,
time before it breaks.

The general Opinion, that the.
beating of this Fruit improves the
Trees, I do not believe, fince in the
doing of this, the younger Brastches’,
are generally broken and deitroyed ©
but as it would be exceeding trouble-.
fome to “gather it by Hand, fo in,

. beating it off, great Care fhould be.

taken that it be not done with Vio-.
lence, for the Reafon before afign-.
ed. Inorder to preferve the Fruit,
it fhould remain upon the Trees till it
is thorough ripe; when it fhould be-
beaten down, and laid in,Heaps for.
two-or three Days; after which they
fhould be fpread abroad, when, im;
a little time, their Hutks will eafily
part from the Shells : then you mu.
dry them, well in the Sun, and lay,
them up in a dry Place, where Mice
or other Vermin cannet come to
them: in which Place they will re-.
main good for four or five Months 2
but there are fome Perfons who put
their Wainuts into an Oven, gently.
heated, where they let them-remain:

four or five Hours to dry; ‘and thea: i

put them upin oil Jars, or any other
clofe Veffel, mixing them with dry.
Sand; by which Method they will

keeg

is JU
‘keep good fix Months. The putting
of them in the Oven is, to dry the
Germ, and prevent their Sprouting :
but if the Oven is too hot, it will
caufe them to fhrink; therefore
reat Care muft be had to that.
JUJUBE. Vise Ziziphus.
JULIANS, or ROCKETS, 7-
de Hefpsris.
JULY FLOWER. Vide Caryo-
phyllus. x
JUNCUS, Ruhh.
The Charaders are;
~~ Tt hath a Flower compofed of many
Leaves, which are placed orbicalarly,
and expand in form of a Rafe: from
the Centre of which rijes the Pointal,
nwhich afterward becomes a Fruit or
Hufk, which is generally three-carner-
ed, opening into three Parts, and full

~

| Of rounds/b Seeds.

The Spectes are ;
— it. Juncus acutus, capitalis for-
ghi. C.B.P. Prickly large Sea
Ruth. ;
2, Juncus acutus maritimus An-
ioe Park. Englijo Sea prickly
Ruf.

3. Juncus acutus, panicula fpar-
Ja. C. B. P, Common hard Ruth.
4. Juncus levis, panttula fpar-
if: major. C- B, P. Common foft
ufh. ; :

5. Juncus levis, panicula non
barfa. C.B.P. Soft Rufh, with a
‘More compatt Panicle.

_ 6. Juncus acumine reflexo, ma-_

-

rf

r. C.B.P. The greater
Ruth. 4
_ Thefe Sorts of Rufhes are not cul-
Itivated, but grow wild in feveral
Parts of England; and fome Sorts
of them arevery troublefome Weeds;
pin low moift ftrong Lands. The firlt
fand fecond Sorts grow on the Sea-
hores, where they are frequently
watered by the Salt-water. © Thefe
Sorts are planted with great

JU

Care on the Banks of the Sea in Ho/-
land, in order to prevent the Water
fromwafhing away the Earth; which,
being very loofe; would be in Dan-
ger of removing every Tide, if it
were not for the Roots of thefe
Rufhes; which faften themfelves
very deep in the Ground, and mat
themfelves near the Surface, fo as to.
hold the Earth clofely together.
Therefore, whenever the Roots of
thefe Rufhes are deilroyed. the In-
habitants immediately repair them ta
prevent farther Damage. ©In the
Summer-time, when the Ruthes are
fully. grown, the Inhabitants cut _
them, and tie them up into Bundles,
which are dried, and afterward cars
ried into. the larger Towns and Ci-
ties, where they are wrought into
Batkets, and feveral other ufeful
Things, which are frequently fert
into Exgland. Thefe Sorts do not
grow fo ftrong in Exgland, as they
do on the Mae/e, and fome other
Places in Ho//and, where I have feen
them upward of four Feet high.

The third and fourth Sorts grow
on moift ftrong uncultivated Lands
in moft Parts of England, and con-

-fame the Herbage where they are

fuffered to remain. The beft Me-
thod of deftroying thefe, Ruthes is,
to fork them up clean by the Roots
in July; and after having let them
lie a Fortnight or three Weeks to
dry, to lay them in Heaps, and

ia zg “burn them gently ; and the Athes
' “which thefe afford, will be good

anure forthe Land ; but in order .
to prevent their growing again, and
to make the Pafture good, the Land
fhould be drained and wel! plowed,
and fown with Rye-grais, and White
Datch Clover, which will make a

- good Sward in one Year, if it be re-

gularly managed ; for the right or-
dering of which you at@@lclired to
Yya tura

Tar
tarn to the Article Pafure, where
there Best Proper Inftructions exhi-
bited.
TUNIPE RUS, The Juniper-tree,

The Charaéers are ;
- The Leawes are long, narrow, and
prickly: the Male Flowers are in fome
Species produced at remote Diftances
from the Fruit on the fame Tree ; but
in other Speeies they are produced on
different Trees from the Fruit: the
Fruit is a foft pulpy Berry, poneiiony
three Seeds in each.

“The Species are ;

1. JUNEPERUS vulgaris fruticofa.
C.B. ‘Vhe Common £agl/h Juni-
per.

2. Junrrerus vulgaris arbor. C.
B. ‘The Tree, or Swedifo Juni-
per.

3. JUNIFERUS Virginiana. H. L.
Folts ubigue Junipering. Boerh. Ind.
‘The Cedar ot Virginia.

4. JUNIPERUS 'Virginiana, foliis
tnferioribus funiperinis, fuperioribus
JSabinam, vel cyprefum referentibous.
Boerh. Ind. Red Virginian Cedar.

. Junrperus Bermudiana,
L. The Cedar of Bermudas.

6. JUNIPERUS minor montana, fo-
lio latiore, fructuque longiore. C.B.
P. Leffler mountain Juniper, with
a broader Leaf, and a longer Fruit.

7. Juniperus major, bacca cxe-
rulea. C. B.P. Greater Juniper,
ge a blue Berry.

8. Juniprrus major, bacca rufe-
feente. C.B.P. Greater Juniper,
with a redifh Berry, commonly
called the Phenician Cedar.

g. Juniperus Cretica, ligno odo-
vatiffimo, 20 e¢ Grecorum™ recen-
tior um. Tourn. Ger. Juniper of Crete,
with a fweet-icented Wood, which
is the Cedar Of the modern Greeks.

ro. Juniperus Jatifolia arborea,
cerafi frudiu. Tourn. Cor. Broad-

leav’d Eafiern Tree-juniper, with a
cherry -fhap’d Fruit,

H.

ll

Rt
11. Juniperus Orientalis, vuk-
gari fimilis, magno frudu nigro.
Tourn. Cor. Eafiern Juniper like
the common Sort, with a large black
Fruit.

12. Juniperus foliis undique im-
bricatis cwatis obtufis, Flr. Leyd.
Juniper with oval obtufe Leaves ly-
ing over each other, commonly call-
ed the Berry-bearing Cedar.

13. JUNIPERUS major, foliis im-
bricatis' obtufis, frudciu flawefcente.
Greater Juniper, with obtufe Leaves
lying over each other, and a yel-
lowifh Fruit, commonly called Ce-
dar of Lycia.

14. Junrperus folits quadri-
fariam imbricatis acutis. Flor, Leyd.
Juniper with pointed Leaves lying
four ways over each other, common-
ly called the great Spanifh Juni-

er.

The fir of thefe Plants is very
common upon dry Heaths in divers
Parts of Exgland; but has been in-
troduced into Gardens, and was for-
merly in great Requelt for evér-green
Hedges: but as it is very fubject to
decay in Patches, and thereby render

inch Hedges very unfightly, as alio

being very troublefome to fhear;
they have been of late almoft intire-
ly rejected. But however improper
thefe Trees may be for Hedges, or to
clip into Pyramids or Balls ; yet they
fhould have a Place in {mall Wilder-
nefs-quarters, amongft ever - green
Plants of low Stature; where, by
their Diverfity, they will add to the
Beauty of thofe Plantations.

The fecond Sort will grow to:
larger Magnitude, fometimes rifing
to the Height of eighteen. or twenty
Feet: this may alfo be: intermixer
with other ever green Frees of th
fame Growth; where, by its diffe
ent-fhap’d Leaves and Coiour, 3
will increafe the Beauty of fuch Ple
CS. i

JU
"Thefe Plants are both propagated

‘by fowing their Seeds, the beit Sea-

fon for which is in September, as foon
as they are ripe ; for if they are kept
until Spring before they are fown,
they will not come up until the fe-
cond Year. The Ground in which
thefe Seeds are fown fhould be freth
and light, but it fhould not be dung-
ed: it fhould be well dug, and le-
vell’d very even; then fow your
Seeds thereon pretty thick, and fift
fome Earth over them about half an
Inch thick : this Bed will require no
farther Care, than only to keep it
clear from Weeds; and toward the
Middle or Latter-end of Apri/, you
will find fome of your Plants appear
above-ground ; though the greatett
Part of them perhaps may lie till the
Spring following before they come
up ; at which time you fhould care-
fully clear the Beds from Weeds ;
and in very dry Weather refrefh
them with fome Water, which will
greatly promote their Growth: but
if the Bed, in which thefe Seeds are
fown, is much expofed to the Sun,
it fhould be fhaded with Mats in the
Day ; for when the Plants come firft
up, they will not bear too much
Heat. In this Bed they fhould re-
main till the following Autumn,
when you muft prepare {ome Beds to
tranfplant them into, which fhould
alfo be of light frefh undung’d Soil;
and having well dug and cleanfed
the Ground from all noxious Weeds
and Roots, you fhould make them
devel: then, in the Beginning of
O@ober, which is the proper Seafon
for removing thefe Plants, you
fhould raife up the young ones with
a Trowel, preferving as much Earth
as poflible to their Roots, and plant
them into the Beds about a Foot
afunder each way, giving them fome
Wacer to ietile she Earth to their

yak ah 5 O)
Roots: and if it fhould prove very
dry Weather, you may lay a little
Mulch upon the Surface of the
Ground round their Roots, which
will be of great Service to the Plants.

In thefe Beds they may remaintwo
Years, obferving to keep them clear
from Weeds ; and inthe Spring you
fhould ftir the Ground gently be-
tween them, that their Roots may
with greater Eafe {trike into it; af-
ter which time they fhould be tran{-
planted, either into a Nurfery, at
the Diftance of three Feet Row from
Row, and eighteen Inches afunder
in the Rows, or into the Places
where they are to remain for good.
The beft Seafon to tranfplant them
(as I before obferved) is in the Be-
ginning of Ofober ; and you fhould
take them up carefully, to preferve
a Ball of Earth to their Roots; and
when planted, their Roots fhould be
mulched: all which carefully at-
tended to, obferving alfo to refrefh
them with Water in verydry Weather,
until they have taken new Root,
will preferve them from the Danger
of not growing ; and they being ex-
treme hardy, in refpeé& to Cold, wiil
defy the fevereft of our Winters te
injure them, provided they are not
planted in a moift or rich Soil.

In order to have thefeT'rees afpire
in Height, their Under - branches
fhould be taken off, efpecially where
they are inclined to grow out ftrong =
but they muft not be kept too clofely
pruned, which would retard their
Growth; for all thefe ever-green
Trees do more or lefs abound with
a refinous Juice, which in hot Wea-
ther is very apt to flow out from
fuch Places as are wounded : fe that
it wil not be advifeable to take off
too many Branches at once, wh'ch
would make fo many Wouads from —
which their Sap in hot Weather

Yyy would

PO PE 188 es
» + — ‘.

ju

would flow in fuch Plenty, as to
render the Trees weak and unheal-
thy

‘The two Sorts of Vir biaie Ce-
dars grow to a much greater Height.
than the former, and in their native
Country afford excellent Timber for
many Utes; but with us there are
very few which are above twenty or
twenty-five Feet high: tho’ there is
no doubt of their growing larger ;
for they thrive very fait. after the
three firft Years, and. refift the
fharpeft Frofts of our. Climate ex-

ceeding well, and are very apt to-

grow ftrait and regular, provided
they are not fuffered to fhoot out
too much at Bottom.

Thefe Plants are alfo propagated
by Seeds, which mutt be procured
from Virginia or Carolina (for they
rarely produce ripe Seeds in Exg-
daud ), and fown as was directed for
the other Junipers : but as this Seed
can’t be procured in, Exg/and till
Spring’; fo, when fown at that Sea-

fon, it-remains in the Ground until
.the. fucceeding Spring before the

Plants appear: therefore you. muft
obferve to keep the Beds clear from
Weeds, and not fuffer the Seeds to be
difterbed ; which is often the Fault
of fome impatient People, who
think, becaufe the Plants do not rife

the firit Year, that they will never

come up, and fo dig up the Ground
again, whereby their Seeds are
buried ; but if they are let remain,
they feldom fail to grow ; tho’ fome-
times it is two Years after fowing,
before they come ep. .When the
Plants,are come up, they muft be
carefully weeded ; and-inedry. Wea-
ther fhould be refrefhed with Water,

‘which will greatly forward ‘their
' Growth; and the Autumn following

they fhould be wanfplanted into Beds
(as was ckrected for the common
Juniper), obferving to preferve a

wey U»
Dall of Earth to their Roots; and —

is‘ dry, they mutt be, carefully wa-

- tered, and the Surface of the Ground

covered with Mulch, to prevent the
Sun and Wind from entering the
Earth, to-dry their Fibres ; but they

,fhould not be too much watered,

which often proves injurious to
thefe Trees, by rotting their tender
Fibres foon after they are emitted,
whereby the Plants have been often
defiroyed.

In thefe Beds they may remain
two Years, obferving to keep. them
clear from Weeds: and in Winter
you fhould lay a little frefh Mulch
upon the Surface of the Ground
round their Roots, which will pre-
vent the Froft from penetrating to
them, and effectually preferve them;
for while, the Plants are fo young,
they are liable to be impaired by
hard. Frofts, when too much :expo-
fed thereto; but when they have,at-
tained a greater Strength, they will
refilt the-fevereft of our Cold.

After two Years,

was directed for the common Juni-

per), or tranfplanted where they are:

defigned to remain ; obferving al-
ways to take them up carefully,
otherwife they are fubject to fail up-
on tranfplanting ; as alfo to mulch
tne Ground, and water them, as was
before directed, until they havetaken
Root; after which they will require
no farther Care, than only to keep
the Ground clear about their Roots,
and to prune up their Side-branches
to make them afpire in Height. -
The Soi! in which you piant thefe
Trees, fhould be freflz and light, but
muft not be dunged, efpecially at

they fhould
-either be removed into a Narfery (as

i

after they are planted, if the Seafon a

the time when they are planted; for

Dung is very hurtful to them, efpe-
cially if it be not quite rotted to
Mould: therefore the Mulch which

per aaGs': BB)

$s laid upon the Surface of the
Ground, fhould not be Dung; bat
wather fome frefh Turf cut froma
Common, and the Grafs turned
downward: which is certainly the
-beft Sort of mulching for moft Plants,
ait affording no i!] Scent, noris it fub-
jet to breed Vermin, or be un-
fightly ; and will effeCtually anfwer
all the Purpofes of Mulch, without
any Danger of hurting the Plants.

_ Thefe Trees, being thus managed,
will in a few Years rife to a confi-
derable Stature ; and, by the Varie-
ty of their ever-green Leaves, and
manner of Growth, wil! greatly add
to the Beauty of fuch Plantations, if
rightly difpofed ; which indeed is
what we feldom obferve in any of
the Englifh Gardensor Wilderneffes ;
for there are few People who confi-
der the different Growths of the fe-
veral Trees with which they compofe

fuch Plantations, fo as to place the.

talleft-growning Trees the backward-
eft from Sight, and the next Degree to
fucceed them, and fo gradually di-
minifhing till we come to the com-
mon Juniper, and others of the fame
Srowth ; whereby all the Trees will
be feen, and the gradual Declivity
of their Tops will appear like a ver-
dant Slope, and be much more agree-
able to the Sight, as alfo more ad-
vantageols to the Growth of the

_° Trees, than to place Shrubs of

humble Growth neer fuch Plants as
will grow to the firft Magnitude,
whereby the Shrub is hid from Sight,
and will be overfhadowed and de-
ftroyed : nor can the Diftance which
each ‘Tree requires, be fo juftly pro-
portioned any other way; for, in this
Diftribution, the largeft Trees, being
feparated by themfelves, may be
pianted ata due Diflance ; and then
thofe of a middling Growth fucceed-

mg, may be accordingly allowed.

fufficient room; and the {maller,

JU

‘which are next the Sight, being
placed much clofer, will hide the
naked Stems of the Jarger Trees, and

~have an agreeable Effect upon the

Sight.

The Timber of thefe Trees is of
excellent Ufe in America for build-
ing of Veffels, wainfcoting Houtes,
and for making many Sorts of Uten-
fils, it abounding with a bitter Re-
fm, which prevents its being deftroy-
ed by Vermin ; but it is very brit-
tle, and fo not proper for ftubborn
Ufes: but however, by increafing
the Number of our Timber-trees, we
fhall find many Advantages, befides
the Pleafure their Variety affords 5
for we- may hereby have Trees of
very different Kinds, which are
adapted to grow in various Soils and
Situations; whereby we fhall never
want proper Trees for all the dif-
ferent Sorts of Soils in England, if
proper Care betaken in their Choice ;
which would bé a great Improve-
ment to many Parts of this King-
dom, which now lie unplanted, be-
caufe the Owner, perhaps, finds that
neither Gaks nor Elms will thrive
there; and fo confequently con-
cludes, that noother Sort will: which
isa great Miftake; for if we confi-
der how different the Struéture of
Trees is (being defigned by the wife
Author and Contriver of all Things,

to grow on different Soils and Situa-

tions), and only obferve what Sorts
are adapted for growing upon dry
barren Mountains, and what are de-
fined for the lower and richer Val-
leys, we need never be at a Lofs for
proper Trees for all Sorts of
Ground. |

The Bermudas Cedar, coming
from a more temperate Climate, is
fomewhat tenderer than the former,
and more impatient of our Cold (ef-
pecially while the Plants are young);
but afterwards it endures it very well,

care as

are
tthe Height of eighteen or twenty
Feet, fo “the procaring as many of
the Sorts, as can be gotten from the
ountries of their'Growth, will be
adding to the Variety of our ever-
green Plantations, which can’t be
oo much propagated in Exgland;
where m general our Winters are
temperate enough for them to thrive
to Advantage: and as the Sorts,
which area litte mere tender than
the others, obtain Strength, they
will be in lefs Danger of fuffering
‘by fevere Winters, as we find by

‘many other Plants, which were fo”

fender as not to live in the open Air
at fir, but now defy ok fevereft

. old of our Climate.

; JUSTICIA. This Plant was fo
mamed by the Jate Dr. Hou/oun, in
Honour to James’ Juffice, Efq; a
sreat Lover and Encourager of Gar-
dening and Botany.

The Chara&ers are;

Tt hath an anomalous Flower con-
Ffhing of one Leaf, which is divided
anto tewo Lips almof? to the Bottom, the
winder one ‘being, haip the moft part,

entire; but ibe upper Lis is divided ©

into teve : theFlonvers are fucceeded by
snucr fed frear-foapedF uit whichhave
sone Cell, containing many flat Seeds.
- Dr. Linneus has joined to this Ge-
nus the Adhatcda of Tournefort, and
the Echolium of Riwinus: but if the
Fruit is admitted as a characteriftic
_ Note, they cannot be joined toge-
ther; the Adhatoda having a bicap-
falar Pod, whereas the Pod of the
Fapieia is unicapfalar.
The Species are;

i: Justicia annua, Bexongulari
caule, foliis circe@e conjugatis, flare
miniato. Houft, Annual Jufticia,
with ‘an hexangular Stalk, Inchan-
ter’s Nightfhade-feaves growing op-
ay sti and 4 carmnine Flower.

Jusrrci a frutefcens, floribus

pic ey majorious, uno verfu difpofir

rai HY as

tis. Hou/?. >Sbrubby Jufticia, with ~
larger Flowers growing in Spikes,

appearing on one Side of the Stalk. k

*Thefe two Plants were difcovered —

by the late Dr. Hou/foun, at La Vera
Cruz, from whence he fent the Seeds a

and. Specimens to England. The

firft Sort grows about two or three
Feet high, and perifhes foon after

the Seeds are ripe; but the fecond
Sort grows to the Height of fix or
feven Feet, and divides into many
Branches, which become woody : at
the End of the Branches the Flowers

are produced in Spikes, which are ©

of a carmine Colour.
~'Thefe Piants may be propagated
by Seeds, which fhould be fown

early in the Spring in {mall Pots —

filled with frefh light Earth, and
plunged into a moderate Hot-bed of
Tanners Bark. When the Plants

begin to appear, the Glaffes of the

Hot-bed fhould be raifed every Day,
when the Weather is warm, to ad-
mit frefh Air to them. ‘The Plants
muft alfo be frequently watered in
warm Weather.

When the Plants are about two
Inches ‘high, they fhould be care-
fully taken up, and each tranfplant-
ed into a feparate {mall Pot filled
with frefh light Earth, and then
planged into the Hot:bed again, be-
ing careful to water and fhade them
until they have taken new Root 3
after which time they fhould have
Air admitted to them every Day, in

/proportion to the Warmth of the —

Seafon.

As the Plants advance in their —
Growth, they fhould be. fhifted into

larger Pots; for if their Roots are
too much confined, the Plants will
not make any confiderable Progrefs :
but they fhould not be over- potted ;
for that will be of worfe Confe-
quence than. under-potting them ;
becaufe when they are planted in
very

ee

eT eee

__syery large Pots, they will flarve and

decay, without producing any Flow-

_ers. They are too tender to endure

the open Air in this Country ; there-
fore they fhould always remain in the
Hot-bed, being careful to let them
have a due Proportion of Air in hot
Weather : and the annual Sort fhould
be brought forward as fait as poffible
in the Spring, that the Plants may

| ’ flower early; otherwife they will
mot produce good Seeds in Eng-

land. .

_ The fecond Sort fhould remain in
the Hot-bed during the Summer-
feafon (provided there be room un-
der the Glaffes, without being
{corched); but at Michaelmas they
fhould be removed into the Stove,
and plunged into the Bark-bed ;
where they muft remain during the
Winter -feafon, obferving to keep
them warm, as alfo to water them
gently two or three times a Week,
according as they fhall require. The
following Summer thefe Plants, will

_ flower, and abide feveral Years ; but

they rarely produce good Seeds in
Europe.

IXTA.
The CharaGers are 3

The Flower is inclofed in a per-
gnanent Sheath, which divides into
two unequal Portions: the Flower is
compofed of fix oblong Petals, which
are equal: in the Centre of the Flow-
er is fituated an oval, three-cornered
Pointal, attended by three Stamina,
crowned with fhort flat Summits : the

Pointal afterward changes to an

oval three-cornered Capfule, opening
in three Cells, which are filled with
roundifh Seeds.
The Species are ; A

1. Ixia foliis gladiolatis alternis,
Slribus terminatricibus, Ixia with
{word - fhap’d Leaves growing al-
ternate, and Flowers on the Tops of

the Sialks, | i

{

ee ae

2. 1x1 foliis lineari-enfiformibus,
froribus alternis, caule bulbifero, Ixia
with narrow fword-fhaped Leaves,
Flowers ‘ growing alternates and
Stalks producing Bulbs.

3. Ixta folits linearibus, floribus
confertis terminatricibus. Ixia with
narrow graffy Leaves, and Flowers,
growing in a Clufter on the Top of
the Stalks.

Thefe Plants are all Natives of
the Country near the Cape of Good
Hope. The firft Sort hath been fome
Years an Inhabitant of the Exgi
Gardens, but was not reduced to
any Genus: by fome Perfons it has
been intitled Si/princhium, to which
Genus it is near akin; but, on a
ftri€t, Examination of the Chara-
Clers, it appears to belong to this
Genus, which muft be placed be-
tween the Crocus and Gladiolus.

The other two Sorts I raifed from
Seeds, which were fent me by my
learned Friend, Dr. Fob Baffer, F.
R. S, of Zirkzee in Holland, who pro-
cured them from the Cape of Good
Hope, with many other curious

“Plants.

The firft Sort is hardy enonch to
refift the Cold of our ordinary Win-
ters in the open Air, if it is planted
in a ‘warm Situation, and a dry Soil ;

but the Plants which grow abroad

do not ripen Seeds in England.
Therefore where Perfonsare defirous
to obtain Seeds, the Plants fhould
be plunged into an Hot-bed, where
they will produce plenty of Flowers
and Seeds every Year. Thofe Plants
which are fo managed, will flower
in ‘June, and their Seeds will ripen

- “the Beginning of September ; but

thofe which grow in the open Air,
do feldom flower before the latter
End of Fu/y’; however, thefe Flowers
will continue longer in Beauty, than.
thofe whichare placed in the Hot-
bed.
oe The

iD.
The Roots of this Sort fpread

emder the Surface of the Ground in

the fame manner as the flag-leaved
dris, to which they bear a great
Refemblance, as doalfo their Leaves;
but the Flowers are f{pread open in
the middle of the Day, which are
compofed of fix Leaves twifted at
the Bottom ; thefe are of an orange

-Colour, and fpotted with red, and

feldom continue longer than three
or four Days in Beauty; but new
Flowers are produced as the others

. decay, fo that there is a Succeffion

of them near a Month.

This Sort is propagated by Seeds,
‘which if fown in a warm Border ef
light Earth in the Autumn, the
Plants will come up the following
Spring, and may afterward be treat-
ed in the fame manner as the Flag-
tris; to which Article the Reader
may turn for Directions.

The fecond and third Sorts are
lefs hardy, fo thefe mutt be fheltered

from the Froft in Winter; but they

fhould have as much free Air in mild
Weather as poffible : therefore if the
Pots in which the Roots are planted,
be placed under a Glaf{s-frame in
Winter, where they may enjoy the
open Air at all times when the

“Weather is mild, they will flower

much ftronger, than if they are treat-

ed more tenderly, and the Flowers

will continue much longer in Beau-
ty.
The Flowers of the fecond Sort

’ are white, having a dark Streak on
*the Back of each Leaf: thefe are

produced alternately upon the Stalks;
and below thefe, at the Joints of the

Stalks, there are fmall Bulbs pro-

duced, which, if planted, will be-
come Roots, whereby this Sort may

_ be increafed plentifully, as alfo by

Off-fets from the Root; fo that
when the Plant is obtained, a fingle
Root will {oon furnith a Supply, to

1X -

y
A.
Fae’

flock the Garden: and as the Plant
is not very tender, fo it may fucceed,
if planted in a warm South Border
of light Earth,; at leaft, with a little
Protection in fevere Froft, there can
be no hazard of its being loft.

The third Sort is more valuable |

than the fecond, the Flowers being
much more beautiful: this hath a
very {mall oval bulbous Root, co-
vered with a grey Skin; the Leaves
are, long and narrow; the Flower-

ftem is produced immediately from —

the Root, which rifes about one
Foot high, being very flender: on
the Top are produced five or fix
Flowers growing in a Clutter ; thefe
are compofed of fix oval Petals of
a beautiful yellow Colour, each
having a dark-purple Spot at the
Bottom ; fo that when the Flowers
are fpread open, they make a fine
Appearance. Both thefe Sorts flow-
erin 4pri/, and the fecond generally
produces. ripe Seeds, but the third
hath ndt as yet produced any Seeds
in Exgland; nor doth it fend forth
many Off-fets from the Root, fo
that it is at prefent pretty rare in
England. :
This Sort fhould be planted in
{mail Pots filled with freth light

Earth, and in Winter muft be placed
in a Green-houfe, where, in mild .

Weather, it may enjoy the free Air,
but protected from Froft. During
the time that the Plants are ina
growing State (which is from No-
vember to May) they muit. be fre-

quently refrefhed with Water; in
the cold Months twice a Week will _

be fufficient; but in pri/ they
fhould be gently watered almoit
every. Day, if the Seafon prove
warm: toward the End of May, the
Leaves and Stalks of the fecond and

third Sorts decay ; when the Pots ©

may be placed in a fhady Situation,

where they wil require but litrfe

Water

Be at

Water during the time they are in-

| “@@ive: and in uly the Roots may

be tranfplanted, before they put out
new Fibres, which they generally
begin to do in Augu/, efpecially if
the Weather prove wet.

REECE Fe HEEL BE HK

K &

7 ALI, Glaffwort.
The Charaers are:

Lhe Flower is apetalous: the Em-
palement confifts of five Leaves, which
expand in form of a Rofe, in the Cen-
tre of which is placed the Pointal,
“which is attended by five foort Sta-
mina: the Pointal afterward be-
comes an almoft globular Fruit,
having one Cell, in which is lodged
@ fingle Seed, which is twifled /pi-
rally, 4

The Species are ;

t. Kats majus, cochleato femine,
C.B.P. Snail-feed Glaffwort.

2. Kaui /pinofum, foliis longiori-
bus &F anguftioribus. Tourn. Prickly
Glaffwort, with longer and narrower
Leaves.

3. Kari fpinofum, foltis craffiori-
bus & brevioribu:, Tourn. Prickly
Glaffwort, with thicker and fhorter
Leaves. |

4. Kari Siculum lignofum, flori-
bus membranaceis. Boc. Rar. Plant.
Sicilian ligneous Glafiwort, with
membranaceous Flowers.

5. Kati fruticofum Hi/panicum,
tamarifei folio. Tourn. . Shrubby
Spani/o Glafiwort, with a Tamarifk-
leaf. |

6. Kaui fruticofum Hifpanicum,
genifie fronde. Tourn. Shrubby
Spanifo Glaflwort, with Broom-

_ tops.

7:Kari fruticofum Hi/panicum, ca-

a! a a? ow eee

KA
pillaceo folio villofo. Tourn. Shrabby
Spanifo Ghaftwort, with an hairy an&
downy Leaf.

8. Kari folks longioribus & an-
guftioribus fubhirfutis. Tourn. Glatt.
wort with longer and narrower fome-
what hairy Leaves.

9. Kaui Orientale fraticofum fpi-
nofum, camphorate folio. Tourn. Cor.
aftern fhrubby prickly Glaflwert,
with a ftmking Ground-pine-leaf,

To. Kati Orientale /rutitYurr,
fore maximo albide.® Tourn, Cor.
Eaftern fhrubby Glaffwort, with a
very large whitifh Flower.

11. Katt Orientale fruticofum.
Soliis fedi minoris, flore purpuree.
Tourn, Cor, Eaftern thrubby Glaff-
wort, with Leaves like the lefler
Houfleek, and a purple Flower.

12. Kavi Orientale fruticofum al-
tiffimum, florum faminilus purpureis.
Tourn. Cor. ‘The talleit fhrubby
Eaftern Glaffwort, with Flowers

_ having purple Stamina.

13. Kazi Orientale fiuticofum
lanuginofum., Tourn. Cor. Woolly
Eaftern fhrubby Glaffwort.

14. Kaui Orientale fruticofum,
linarie folio. Tourn. Cor. Eaftere
fhrubby Glaflwort, with a Toad-
flax-leaf.

15. Katz Ovientale fruticofum,
fore magno purpureo. Tourn. Cor.
Shrubby Eaffern Glaflwort, with a
large purple Flower. |
_ 16 Kati Orientale fruticofum, fo-
ribus albis. Tourn. Cor. Shrubby Ea-
fi:ra Glaflwort, with white Flowers.

17. Kari Ovientale /pinofum fub-
hirfutum, tenuiffime folio. Tourn. Cor,
Prickly Eaffern hairy Glafiwort,
with a very narrow Leaf.

18. Kaxt Orientale, capiilaceo fo.
lio, flore purpurafcente. Tourn. Cor.
Eaftern Glafiwort, with a capillace-
ous Leaf, and a purplifh Flower.

The firft Sort here mentioned
grows wild in the Mediterranean in

. | feveral

a S| ee

fae a

—- —e_ary— 5

*.

Cee h
feveral Places, where it is gathered
for the making Sode, which is a Sort
of Pot-afh ufed in the making of
Soap. It is,alfo cultivated in the
South of France, in Salt - marfhes,
for the fame Purpofe. This Plant
feldom grows large, unlefs it is cul-
tivated, which greatly improves its
Size; fo that it often grows from
two to three Feet high, and divides
into many Branches ; whereas in the
natural Places of its Growth it is
feldom above a Foot high. The

Spaniards alfo cultivate feveral of the-

Species here mentioned, in order to
make Sode thereof ; the beft of which
is brought from A/icant and Cartha-
gena, where the Inhabitants cultivate
the eighth Sort of Kali for this Pur-
pofe ; which, as I have been in-
formed, is that which makes the beft
Sort of Pot-afh, called Barillia.
‘The Salt of thefe Afhes is clear and
white; fo is ufed in making of the

fineit Glafs, and the hardeft Soap.

They alfo in the fame Country
cultivate another Plant of a different
Genus, for the fame Purpofe, which
is a Species of Ficoides, and has
been already ment:oned under that
Article. The Seeds of the latter I
have feveral times received from
thence, by the Title of Barillia, as
I have alfo from Eg;pr, with theAra-
bic Title of Kali: but this is by

_ fome very curious Perfons affirmed

to make a Pot-afh of lefs Value, than
that of the former; fo that there is
toom to doubt which of the two it
is, that the Spaniards prefer.

The Inhabitants of thofe warmer
Countries, who cultivate thefe Plants,
fow their Seeds early mh the Spring,
on low marfhy Ground, near the
Sea, or on Salt - ponds, where the
Plants foon come up, and in about
three Months will be ‘fit to cut fer
Ufe; when they mow it down, ard
diy it after the manner of Hay.

RelA?)

When it is well dried, they dig
Holes or Pits, in the Nature &

Lime-kilns ; then they fet Fire to a
Bundle of the Herb, which they throw
into the Pit; and after that they
throw three or four more Bundles
into the Pit, which they fuffer to be

well lighted; then they fill the Pir .

with the dried Herb, and flop the
Top of it up, leaving it to confume
for fome time, to be reduced to
Afhes.. When they open the Pit,
they find the Salt incorporated into a
folid Rock, which they are obliged

to break, and raife up as Stones out

of a Quarry.

This is the beft Sort of Pot-afh, ~
and is brought from 4/icant ; and |

may be diftinguifhed from the others,
by being dry and clean, and of a
bluifh Grey, both without and with-
in; and, when broken, has no of-
fenfive Smell. ,

The fecond Sort in Goodnefs is
brought from Carthagena: this has
not the fame bluifh Colour as the
former, but is more crufted, and is
generally brought over in larger
Bales.

There are feveral other Sorts of
Pot-afh, which are made in Eagland;
from different Plants: but thefe are
of little Value, compared with the
former; fo are little efteemed. Thefe
may be known by their dark
Colour, fetid Scent, and alfo by their
Moifture.

The other Sorts of Kali here men-
tioned grow in the South of France,
Spain, Italy, and the Levant : molt
ef them are Inhabitants of the Sea-
coafls; but fome have been found

growing upon fandy Grounds at a _

great Diftance from the Sea. Thefe
are. frequently preferved in fome
Botanic Gardens for the fake of
Variety ; but they aré too tender to
perfect their Seeds in Exgland, un-
lefs the Seafon proves very warm.
The

=

£

rd
wee
st. .

a K A

"The firlt, fecond, third, and eighth

. are annual Plants : thefe I have
feveral times cultivated in a Bed of
common Earth, where the Plants
shave grown-verydarge; but I could

feldom procure good Seeds from
_them; for they ieldom came into
Flower till the Beginning of Septem-
ber, fo that the Froft deftroyed them
before the Seeds were near ripe ; for
the firft Frof in the Autumn kus
them.

But if the Seeds of the beft Kinds
were fent to the Britij> Colonies in
| America, thefe Plants might be there
cultivated to the great Advantage of
the Inhabitants, and be a national
Benefit. If fome of the marfby low
Lands in Carolina and Virginia were
employed for this Purpofe, there can

be no Doubt of the Succefs; provided
there were proper Care taken in the
Burning of the Plant, to make the
Pot-afh: for as to the Growth of
both the Plants, which are allowed
to be the beift, I have fent over their
| Seeds, which have grown as well in
the Briti/> Colonies, as in their na-
tural Soil, and in a much lefs time:
and there is very little Trouble in
the Culture of thefe Plants ; for the

Seeds muft be fown where the Plants |

are to remain: if they are fown in
the Spring, ‘the Plant will be fit to
cut in nine or ten Weeks; fo the
only thing to be obferved in the
Culture of it is, not to fuffcr Weeds
to grow among the Plants; for where
‘this happens, the Weeds will be cut
with the Herb, and it will then be
difficult to feparate them ; fo that if
they are burnt with the Plant, ir will
greatly leflen the Value of the Pot-
‘ath. The not regarding of this, I
fear, has been a great Detriment to
the Inhabitants of dmerica, by leflen-
ing the Value of feveral Commodi-
ies, and particularly the Indigo,

KA

KARATAS, The Penguin or,

wild Ananas.
' The Chara&ers are ; :
It hath atubulous beli-foaped Fleas
er, which is divided inta three Parts

“

§
=

at the Mouth, from whofe Calyx .

_ arifes the Pointal, fxed like a Naik
in the binder Part of. the Flavery |

which afterward becomes a frefay ade
moft conical Fruit, which is divided

by Membranes into threz Cells, that

- are full of oblong Seeds.

There is but one Sort of this Plans
at prefent known ; which is,
Karatas felis altiffimis, angun

fifimis & aculeatis. Plum. Now,

Gen,
guin.

The wild Ananas or Pen-

Father Plumier has made a great

Miftake in the Figure and Deicrip-
tion of the Charatiers of this Plant,
and the Caraguata; for he has join«
ed the Flower of the Caragucta to
the Fruit of the Karatas, and vice
verfa; and this has led many Per-
fons into Miftakes ; who have joined
the Bromelia and Axanas to this
Genus, making them all of the fame
Genus; whereas, by their Chara~
cters,. they flhould be feparated.
This Plant is very common in
the W-f-lndies, where the Juice of
its Fruit is often put into, Punch, be-
ing ofa fharp acid Flavour. - There ©
is.alfo a Wine made of the Juice of
this Fruit, which is very {rong ; bus
it will not keep good very long; io
is only for prefent Uie. This Wine
is very intoxicating, and heats the

Blood ; therefore fhould be dranle -

very {paringly. .

In England this Plant is preferved
as a Curiofity ; for the Fruit feidony
arrives to any Degree of Perfection
in this Country ; tho’ it has oftex
produced Fruit. in Exgland, whiek
fometimes has ripened pretty well:
but if it were to ripen as thoroughly

hese,

*

KA
here, as in its native Country, it
would be little valued on account of
its great Aufterity ; which will often
take the Skin off from the Mouths
and Throats of thofe People, who eat
it incautioufly.

This Plant is propagated by
Seeds ; for tho’ there are often Sucix-
ers fent forth from the old Plants,
yet they, coming between the
Leaves, aré fo long, flender, and
ill-fhapen, that if they are planted,
. they feldom make regular Plants.

'Thefe Seeds fhould be fown early in.

the Spring, in {mall Pots filled with
light rich Earth, and plunged into
an Hot-bed of Tanners Bark. When
the Plantsare ftrong enough to tranf-
plant, they fhould be carefully taken
up, each planted into a feparate Pot
filled with light rich Earth, and
plunged into the Hot-bed again;
obferving to refrefh them frequently
with: Water, until they have taken
new Root: after which time they
fhould have Air and Water in pro-
portion to the Warmth of the Sea-
fon.
remain till Michaelmas; at which
time they fhould be removed into
the Stove, and plunged into the
Bark-bed, where they fhould be
treated in the fame manner as the
Ananas.

Thefe Plants will not produce their
Fruit in Exg/and, until they are three
or four Years old; fo they fhould be
fhifted into larger Pots, as the Plants
advance in their Growth ; for if their
Roots are too much confined, they
will make but Jittle Progrefs. ‘They
fhould alfo be placed at a pretty
great Diftance from each other ; for
their Leaves will be three or four
Feet long; which, turning down-
ward, occupy a large Space.

The Leaves of this Plant are
ftrongly armed with crooked Spines,
which renders it very troublefome

In this Bed the Plants may _

KE .
to fhift or handle the Plants; for
the Spines catch hold of whatever |
approaches them by their crooked
Form, being fome bent one Way;
and others the reverfe ; fo that they
catch both Ways, and tear the Skin
or Cloaths of the Perfons who handle
them, where there is not the greateft
Care taken of them.

The Fruit of this Plaht is pro-
duced in Clufters, growing upon a
Staik about threé Feet high; and, —
having generally a Tuft of Leaves
growing on the Top, has, at firft
Sight, the Appearance of a Pine-
apple ; but when clofer viewed, they
will be found to be a Clufter of ob-
long Fruit, each being about the —
Size of a Finger.

KEMPFERIA.

This Title was given to this Plant
by Dr. Linneus, in Honour of Dr.
Kempfer, a German Phyfician, who
has figur’d and defcrib’d this Plant,
in his Book intituled Amenitatum
Exoticazxum. 'This Name was ap-
plied to another Plant by the late
Dr. Houfioun, which has fince been
referred to the Genus of Veronica;

The Charafers are ;

The Flower confifts of one Leaf,
having a long flender Tube; but is
Spread open at the Top, and is divided
into fix Parts; three of the Segments
fanding upward, the other three hang
down, fo as to appear at firft like @
lipp’d Flower : in the Bottom of the
Flower is fituated the Pointal, at-
tended by a fingle Stamen: the Poin
tal afterward changes to a roundifp
Fruit having three Cells, containing
feveral roundife Seeds. |

We know but one Species of this
Plant; wiz. =

Kempreria. Lin. Hort. Chiff.
There has been no Engl Name
applied to this Plant. It is by fome
called Aro-orchis; by others it has
been ranged with the Colchicum; and

in

— wnactive State.

Summer.

KE
fe the Hortus Malabaricus it is in-
titled Katsjula Kelengu; and by Dr.
Kemp fer it is called Wanhoom.

Ths Plant is a Native in the Za/-
Indies, where the Root is greatly
ufed in Medicine, as a Sudorific, and
it isreckoned carminative. It hath
much the Scent of green Ginger,
when taken out of the Ground ; the
Roots are divided into feveral flefhy
Tubers, which are fometimes joint-
‘ed, and grow about four or five
Inches long: the Leaves are oval,
being about four Inches long, and
two broad: thefe are without Foot-
ftaiks, growing clofe to the Root,
and ieem as if fet on by Pairs, fpread-
ing open each Way: and from be-
tween thefe Leaves, the Flowers are
produced fingly, having no Foot-
ftalks ; but are clofely embraced by
the Leaves: the Flowers are white,
having a bright purple Bottom.
Thefe are not fucceeded by any
Fruit in England.

This Plant, being a Native of hot
Countries, will not bear the open
Air in this Climate; fo requires a
warm Stove to preferve it thro’ the
Winter: but as the Leaves decay in
Autumn, the Plants fhould not have
too much Wet while they are in an
If thefe Plants are
_ placed in the Bark-ftove, and treated
- in the fame manner as is directed for
the Ginger, they will thrive, and
_ produce plenty of Flowers every
It is propagated by part-
_ ing of the Roots: the belt time for
this is in the Spring, juft before they
begin to put out their Leaves.
| KETMIA., Itis commonly call’d
Althea arborefcens, or Althea fru-

alex

The Charaers are;
The Flower bath a double Empale-
ment, and confifts of one Leaf, which
ascut into five Parts, and expands
I wou i that of the Mallow: in the Gen-
SL.

KE
tre of the Flower arifes the Pointab,
like a Column, having a great Nam=
ber of Stamina, which coalefce to thé
Column: the Pointal afterward
changes to @ roundifo Veffel having
five Cells, whith-a are full of roundife
Seeds.
The Species are ;

1. Kermra Syrorum, guibifdan
C.B. Althea frutex, with red Flows
ers.

2. Kermia Syrorum, frore pure
pureo-violaceo. Tourn. Althea frie
tex, with purple Flowers,

3. Ketuia Syrorum, fore albe,
Boerh. Ind. Althea frutex, with whité
Flowers.

4. Ketmia Syroram, floribus ex
albo &F rubro variis. Tour. Althea
Jrutex, with ftriped Flowers.

5. Kermia Syrorum, foliis ex
albo cleganter variegatis. Cat. Plant.
Hort. Lond. Althéa fratex, with
ftriped Leaves.

6. Kermia Sinenfis; frufn fub-
rotundo, flare fimplici. Tourn, China
Rolfe, valga;

7. Kermia Sinenfis, frutu fub-
rotundo, flore pleno. Tourn. Double
China Rofe, commonly ca!l’d in thé
Wefi-dadies, Mariinico Rofe.

8. Keruia Virginien fis; folio ine
feriori ulmi, fupericri aceris. Boerb;
Ind. Virginian Ketmia, with under
Leaves like the Elm, and upper
Leaves like Maple.

g. Ketrmia Carelinienfis, folio ri-
befii, fore amplo frawefecnte, funda
purpureo. Carofina Ketmia, with
Curran-leaves, and an ample yel-
lowifh Flower, with -a purple Bot-
tom.

io. Kermia Caroltaiexfs, folia
eblongo magis acuminate, fire ample _
purpi ureo. Carblina Ketmia, with a

‘long fharp- pointed Leaf, and an

ample purple Flower.
ii. Ketmia Americana, folia

Perae ae mogio flu.we cente, fun-
dé

K E

do purpureo, fru&iu erefo pyramidali
hexagono, femine rotundulo, fapore
fatuo. Boerh. Ind. American Ket-
mia, with a Papaw-leaf, and a large
yellowifh Flower with a purple Bot-
tom, an hexagonal pyramidal Pod
growing upright, and _ roundifh
Seeds,

12. Ketmia Indica, vitis folio
ampliore. Tourn. Indian Ketmia, with
an ample Vine-leaf.

* 13. Ketmia “£gyptiaca, Semine

mofchato. Tourn. Egyptian Ketmia,

. with Seeds {melling like Mufk, com-

i monly call’d in the Weft-Indics,
Mutk- feed.

14. Ketmta Indica aculeata, fo-
hiis digitatis. Tourn. Indian Keumia,
with rough-finger’d Leaves.

) 15. Kermia Ludica, zoffypii folio,
acetofe fapore. Tourn. Cap/ula femi-

‘mali rubra. Indian Ketmia, with a
Cotton-leaf, whofe Fruit taftes like
Sorrel, commonly call’d in the We/-
dndies, Indian or Red Sorrel.

16. Kermia Indica, goffypii foko,
acetife fapore, capfula feminali al-
bida. Indian Ketmia, with a Cot-
ton-leaf, and a whitifh Seed-veffel,

4 tafting like Sorrel, commonly caild
a White Sorrel.

17.Kermia Brafilienfis, folio f-
cus, fruci pyramidato Julcato. Tourn.
‘ Brafil Ketmia, witha Fig-leaf, and
; @ pyramidal furrowed Fruit, com-
_ monly called in the Wef - Indies,

Okra.

. ). —_—s

>

18. Kermia Indica, folio fieus,
fi fru@iu pentagono recurvo efculento,
t graciliore F longiore, Indian Ket-
:

a mia, with a Fig-leaf, and a five-

corner’d long flender eatable Fruit,
-recurv’d at the Top, commonly
call’d in the Weft- Indies, Long Okra,
19. Kermia Indica, folio baftato,
frudu duro. Tourn. Indian Ketmia,
with a fpear-fhaped Leaf, and an
hard Fruit.
20. Kermia gyptiaca, vitis fo-

.
<
4

a DIP ge.

a

KE
lio, parvo flore. Tourn. Egyptia
Ketmia, with a Vine-leaf, and a
{mall Flower.

21. Kermta Americana aculeata,
flore ampliffimo coccineo. Plum. Cat.
Prickly American Ketmia, with a
very large {carlet Flower.

22. Kermia Americana, ampliffie
mo folio cordiformi, fore vario. Plum.
Cat. American Ketmia, with a very
large heart-fhaped Leaf, anda vari-
able Flower.

23. Ketmia Americana frute-
feens, mori folio, flore purpureo. Plum.
Cat. American fhrubby Ke:mia,
with a Mulberry-leaf, and a purple
Flower.

24. Ketmia Americana, amplif-
fimo folio angulato, fructu hifpido cly-
peato. Plum. Cat. American Ket-
mia, with a large angular Leaf, and
a rough Fruit fhaped like a Shield.

25. Kermia Indica, tilie folio.
Plum. Cat. Indian Ketmia, witha
Lime-tree-leaf, commonly called the
Man-grove-tree in America.

26. Ketmia Indica humilis, folio
diffe&o afpero, flore parvo candida,
inflar jaj/mini Hifpanict explicato,
Sundo purpurafcente. Breyn. Low
Indian Ketmia, with a rough cut
Leaf, and a {mall white Flower,
which, when open, is like the Flower
of Spanife Jafmine, having a purple —
Bottom.

27.Kermia Indica humilis, fo-
lio diffe@o, flore parvo purpures. Low
Indian Ketmia, with a cut Leaf, and
a {mall purple Flower.

28. Ketmia weficaria vulgaris.
Tourn. Venice Mallow, or Eladder
Ketmia. ‘

29. Kermia wefcaria Africana,
Tourn. African Bladder Ketmia.

30. Ketmia Africana weficaria,
Solits profundius incifis, vix crenatis.
Boerb. Ind. African Bladder Ket-
mia, with deeply.cut Leaves.

The five frit Sorts are very hardy.

: Shrubs,

KE
Shrobs, growing to the Height of
feven or eight Feet, and may be
trained up to regular Heads: thefe
‘are very great Ornaments in {mall
Wildernets-quarters, when regularly
difpofed amongft Plants of the fame
Growth. They produce their Flew-
ers in Auguft; and if the Autumn
proves favourable, their Seeds will
be ripe foon after Michaelmas. Thefe

, are commonly fold by the Nurfery-
men, with other flowering Shrubs,
under the Name of A/thea frutex ;
but by the modern Botanitts they are

, removed from that Genus, and call-

ed by the Name of Ketmia, becaufe
their Seeds are produced in Vefiels;
whereas thofe of A/thea grow in
form of Cheefes, in the fame man-
ner as thofe of the common Mallow:
but Dr. Linnzus has rejected this

Name, being 4radie, and has given

it the Title of Hzbi/cus, which is the
old Name for the Marth-mallow; as
hath been obferved before under that

Article.

Thefe five are not diftin& Species,
but accidental Varieties; but the
‘Flowers of them being of different
Colours, when they are intermixed,
they make a finer Appearance in the
"Garden : fometimes the feveral Va-
rieties are by the Nurfery-men graft-
| ed on the fame Plant, which renders
| them more beautiful when fo many
_ different-colour’d Flowers are blown
| upon the fame Plant together.
| . Thefe Plants are propagated by
| Seeds, which fhould be fown upon a
) Bed of rich light Earth in February
| er March: and when they come up,
| they fhould be conftantly clear’d
from Weeds; and, in dry Weather;
} often refrefh’d with Water, which
will forward their Growth. In thefe
Beds they thould remain until the
facceeding Spring: but if the Win-
ter fhould be fevere, it will be pro-
per to cover thefe Plants, becaufe,

KE

while young, they are fotniewhat
tender; but after they have got
Strength, they are very hardy: in the
following March they muft be care-
fully tranfplanted into Beds of the
like Soil, at about ten Inches fquare
each Way, obferving to water them
in dry Weather, as alfo to keep them
clear from Weeds: in thefe Beds
they may continue two Years, by
which time they will! fpread fo as to
meet each other : therefore you muft,
in March, ‘retnove them either into
the Places where they are defign’d to
remain, or into a Nurfery, allowing
them three Feet Diftance, Row from
Row, and eighteen Inches afunder
in the Rows ; being careful, in take-
ing them up, not to break or bruiie
their Roots, which would endanger
their growing; and, in dry Wea-
ther, give them fome Water, until
they have taken Root; and lay fome
Mulch upon the Surface of the
Ground, to prevent its drying too
faft ; and be careful to cut down the
Weeds between them. feet

As thefe Piants fend out flefhy
Roots, having but few Fibres, they
do not bear tran{planting well, when
they are old, or have ftood long un-
removed; fo that it is much the beft
to plant thofe which are about four
er five Years eld from Seed, than
fuch as are much larger; for if the -
young Plants are carefully removed,
fcarce any of them will mifcarry 3
whereas the larger Plants frequently
fail, and fuch of them as grow wiil
never be fo good Plants as thofe
which are removed young. —

The Leaves of thefe Plants are
feldom produeed till very late in the
Spring: it is often the Middle of
May before their Buds thew any
Signs of Life ; fo that many Perfons
have fuppofed their new- planted
Shrubs were dead, and have pulled
them out of the Ground: whereas,

Zaz,

KE
if they had but obferved the anré-
moved Plants, they would have been
undeceived.

- Thefe Plants may alfo be propa-
gated by Layers, or Suckers taken
from the Roots of old Trees: but
the Jatter Method is by no means ad-
vifeable ; becaufe the Plants raifed
that way are feldom fo well rooted,
and are very fubjeét to produce Suck-
ers, whereby the Shrubs are rendered
unfightly. é

The former Method may be pra-
tifed, in order to preferve the par-
ticular Kinds: but as they are fo
eafily propagated by Seeds, whi
generally produce the handfomeft
Plants, and there will be a Chance
to obtain different-colour’d Flowers
that way ; fot is generally preferred
to any other Method. They will
alfo take by Inarching, whereby the
feveral colour’d Flowers may be ob-
tained upon one and the fame Tree ;
and by this Method, that Sort with
variegated Leaves may be increafed.
‘Thefe Shrubs require very little Cul-
ture, but only to clear them from
Weeds, and to dig the Ground about
them every Spring ; and if there are
any decay’d Branches, they may be
at that time cut out ; but they will
hot require any other Pruning.

_ The fixth and feventh Sorts are
tender, coming from a warmer
Country: thefe may be propagated
’ by Seeds, which fhould be fown on
an Hot-bed in the Spring ; and when
they are come up, they fhould be
tranfplanted into another moderate

~ Hot-bed, to bring them forward :

after which, they muft be planted
into Pots filled with frefh light
Earth, and plunged -into an Hot-
bed, to encourage their Rooting;
and in Fune they may be expoied to
the open Air, in fome Place where
they may be defended from ftrong

Winds: but they muft be houfed

KE
eatly in Autumn, when they fhould
be placed in a warm Green-houfe,
where they will endure the Winter
very well, without any artificial
Warmth: tho’ indeed they will make
but very little Progrefs in this Ma-
nagement ; nor will they ever pro-
duce Flowers, unle&s they are in the
{ucceeding Spring placed into a mo-
derate Bark-bed in the Stove, where |
they will thrive exceedingly ; and if
a due Proportion of Air be given to
them, that they may not draw up
too faft, they will produce Flowers
in the Autumn: but unlefs they have
the Affiftance of a Fire, they wilh
fcarcely ripen their Seeds in Eng
land.

Thefe Plants were originally
brought from China, where they are
greatly admired, not only for their
Beauty, but alfo for an odd Cir-
cumitance in their Flowers, which
is, their changing Colour at differ-
ent times of the fame Day; in the
Morning they are white, at Noow
red, and in the Evening purple,
Thefe Flowers are in Shape fome-
what like the Hellyhock, but feem
to be of a fhort Duration: the dou-
ble being much preferable to the
fingle, the Seeds of that fhould be
conftantly fow’d; for amongft the
Plants produced from Seeds of the
double, there will always be fome
fingle Flowers, as is the Cafe_of alk
double Flowers which produce
Seeds. ‘They are known in the
Weft-Indies, where they are now im
great Plenty, by the Name of Mar-
timico Rofe; I fuppofe, becaufe the
Inhabitants of that Ifland firt pro-
cured the Seeds from the Eaft, and
from thence they have fince beer)
fpread into moft of the othet
Iflands. |

The eighth, ninth, and terth)
Sorts are perennial Plants, whieh die.
to the Surtace every Winter, and rife

again

ar

eS
‘gain the fucceeding Spring: they
commonly produce thai beautiful
Flowers late in Autumn, but rarely
perfe& Seeds in our Climate. They
are propagated by Seeds, which are
eafily propagated from Virginia or
Carolina, where they are in great
Plenty. The Seeds fhould be fown
in March, upon a moderate Hot-bed;
and when the Plants come up, they
fhould be removed into {mall Pots
_ filled with light rich Earth, and
plunged into another Hot-bed, to
bring them forward: and in the
Month of Fune they may be expofed
to the oper Air, in a well-fheltered
Situation, where they may remain
until O@obe, when they mutft be re-
moved into Shelter for the Winter-
feafon : during which time they will
require no farther Care than to be
proteéted from fevere Frofts; fo that
if they are placed into an Hot-bed-
frame, where they may be expofed
tothe open Air in mild Weather,
_ and only covered in Frefts, they will
do better than when they are placed
in the Green-houfe.

In the Spring they may be turned
out of the Pots, and planted into the
full Ground, under a warm Wall or
Pale, where they will thrive much
better than in Pots, and will. pro-
duce their Flowers much larger, and
in greater Quantities: tho’, if you
would obtain Seeds from them, the
only Method is, to keep one of each
Sort in Pots, which fhould be plung-
ed into a very moderate Bark-bed in
the Stove, giving them a great Share
of Air; in which Place they will
flower in Fune, and produce ripe
Seeds in Autumn.

The eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth,
fourteenth, fifteenth, fixteenth, fe-
_venteenth, eighteenth, nineteenth,

twentieth, twenty-firft, 'twenty-fe-
‘cond, twenty-third, twenty-fourth,

and twenty-fifth Sorts are much ten
derer than any of the former: thefe

are all propagated by Seeds, which

mutt be fown on an Hot-bed early ia

the Spring ; and when the Plants are
come up, they fhould be treated

in the fame way, as hath been

directed for the fixth and feventh

Sorts; with this Difference only,

that thefe will require a moderate

Stove; otherwife they will not live

thro’ the Winter, nor will they thrive

well in Summer, if they are expofed

to the open Air.

The eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth,
fourteenth, fifteenth, fixteenth, fe-
venteenth, eighteenth, twentieth, .
twenty -fixth, and twenty - feventh
Sorts will produce their Flowers, and
ripen their Seeds the firit Year, if
the Plants are raifed early in the
Spring, and afterward placed in the
Stove.

Thefe Plants, tho’ they may pro-
duce Seeds the firit Year, yet they
may be continued two or three Years,
if preferved in a moderate Stove in
Winter, and frequently refrefhed
with Water: yet fince they are eafily
raifed frem Seeds, and young Plants
are much more fightly than the old
ones, it is hardly worth while to All
a Stove with them, fince there are
fo many other Sorts that will not
flower or feed the firk Year, which
will take up all the room there in
Winter.

The Flowers of thefe Plants are
very beautiful; but are of fhort Du-
ration, feldom continuing longer
than one Day ; but they are fuc-
ceeded by frefh Flowers, if the Plants
are ftrong and healthy, ctherwife ©
there is little Pleafure in them in our
Country: but in the W’cf-Indies,
where they grow in great Plenty,
and often arife to the Height of a
Shrub, they are more preduive of

ZZ 2 Flowers,

=i = 2s

tim ate ind | Spay tt

Flewers, and are im great Effleem
amongft the Inhabitants of thofe
Countries. '

The thirteenth Sort is by fome
People valued for the exceeding
Sweetnefs of its Seeds ; as are the

fifteenth and fixteenth Sotrs for their.

Seed-veffels, the Juice of which the
People of Barbados, Jamaica, &c.
make ufe of, to add a pleafant
Fartnefs to their Viands. And the
Pods of the feventeenth and e'gh-
teenth Sorts are by them put into
their Soups, to thisken them. For
ajl which Purpofes thefe Plants are

much cultivated in thoafe Countries ;

but with us they are preferved only
as Curiofities.

The nineteenth, twenty - firft,
twenty-fecond, twenty-third, twen-
ty-fourth, and twenty-fifth Sorts rife
to aconfiderable Height, before they
produce their Flowers, and are per-
ennial Shrubs: thefe are all very
tender; fo fhould be placed in the
Bark. ftove, where they will makea
fine Appearance, as they retain their
Leaves all the Year ; and when they
produce their Flowers, which in

Some of the Species are very large,

and fine Colours, they will appear
very beautiful, but particularly the
twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth Sorts,
which have large Leaves; and the
Flowers of 'the laft are of a fine yel-
low Colour, with a very dark-purple
Bottom.

The three laft Sorts are annual
Plants, which are propagated by
fowing their Seeds in AZrch, in the
Places where they are defigned to re-
main; for they generally form down-
right woody Roots, and,feldom fuc-
ceed well if tran{planted, except it
be done while the Plants are very
young : they delight in 2 freth light
Soil, and an open Situation ; for if
they are overfhaded with Trees,

KI
they never thrive well, nor produce
fo great a Number of Flowers,

They are very proper Ornaments
for the Borders of Pleafure-gardens,
where, being intermixed with other
annual Plants, they make an agree-
able Variety, and are very hardy,
requiring no other Culture than only
to fow their Seeds, and keep them
conitantly clear from Weeds. They
produce their Flowers in June and
Fuly, and their Seeds are perfected
foon after: and tho’ their Flowers
are of fhort Duration, feldom con-
tinuing open above half a Day,
which occafion’d Gerrard, in. his
Herbal, to call them Flowers of an
Hour; yet they are every Day fuc-
ceeded by new Flowers, until the
Froft prevents them.

KITCHEN - GARDEN: The
Kitchen - garden fhould always be
fituated on one Side of the Houfe, fo
as not to appear in Sight; but muft
be placed near the Stables, for the.
Conveniency of Dung ; which ought
always to be confidered in the Dif-
pofition of the Buildings, and the.
laying out of the Garden’: for if this

Garden be placed at a great Diftance

from the Stables, the Labour will
be very great in wheeling the Dung;
and fuch Expences fhould ever be
avoided, if poflible.

As to the Figure of the Ground,
that is of no great Moment, fince.
in the Diftribution of the Quarters
all Irregularities may be hid; tho’,
if you are at full Liberty, an exact.
Square, or.an Oblong, is preferable.
to any other Figure.

The great thing to be confidered.
is, to make choice of a good Soil,
not too wet, nor over-dry, but of a
middling Quality 3 nor fhould it be.
too frong or flubborn, but of.a pli-
able Nature, and-eafy to work ;
and if the Plage where you intend

to .

‘to male the Kitchen-garden should
not be level, but high in one Part,
-and low in another, I would by no

means advife the leveling it; for by

_ ‘this Situation you will have an Ad-

vantage which could not be obtained
on a perfect Level, which is, the
having one Part of dry Ground for
early Crops, and the low Part for
late Corps, whereby the Kitchen
may be the better fupplied’ through-
out the Seafon with the various Sorts
of Herbs, Roots, &c. And in very
dry Seafons, when in the Upper-part
of the Garden the Crops will great-
ly fuffer with Drought, then the
Lower - part will fucceed, and fo
wice verfa; but l would by no means
\direét the choofing a very low moiit
Spot of Ground for this Purpofe ;
for altho’ in fuch Soils Garden-herbs
are commonly more vigorous and
Jarge in -the Summer-feafon, yet
they are feldom fo well talted or
wholfome as thofe which grow up-
on a moderate Soil; and efpecially
fince in this Garden your choice
Fruits fhould be planted, it would
be wrong to have a very wet Soil.
This Garden fhould be fully ex-
pofed to the Sun, and by no means
overfhadow’d with Trees, Build-
ings, &¥c. which are very injurious
to your Kitchen-plants and Fruit-
trees ; but if it be defended from

the North Wind by a diflant Plan-.

tation, it will greatly preferve your
early Crops in the Spring ; as alfo
from the ftrong South-weft Winds,

which are very hurtful in Autumn

to Fruit and Garden-herbs.

The Quantity of Ground necef-
fary for a Kitchen - garden muft be
proportion’d to the Largenefs of the
Family, or the Quantity of Herbs
defired: for a {mall Family, one
Acre of Ground may be fufficient ;
but fora large Family, there fhould
not be lefs than three os-four Acres ;

K I

becaufe, when the Ground is regu-
larly laid out, and planted with Ef
paliers of Fruit-trees, as will here-
after be direted, this Quantity will
be found little enough, notwith-
ftanding what fome Perfons have
faid on this Head.

This Ground . muft be wall’d
round ; and if it can be convenient-
ly contrived; fo as to plant both
Sides of the Walls, which have good
Afpeéts, it will be a great Addition
to the Quantity of Wail fruit : and
thofe Slips of Ground, which are
without-fide of the Walls, will be
very ufeful for planting of Goof-
berries, Currans, Strawberries, and
fome Sorts of Kitchen-plants ; fo that
they may be rendered equally ufe-
ful with any of the Quarters within
the Walls: but thefe Slips fhould
not be too narrow, left the Hedge
or Pale which inclofes them thould
fhade the Borders where the Fruit-
trees fland: the leaft Width of thefe
Slips thould be twenty Feet; but if
they are double that, it will be yet
better, and the Slips will be more
ufeful ; and the Fruit-trees will have
a larger Scope of good Ground, for
their Roots to run. Thefe Walls
fhould be built about twelve Feet
high, which will be a fufficient
Height for any Sort of Fruit. If
the Soil where you intend to place
your Kitchen-garden be very ftrang,
then you fhould plow or dig it three
or four times before you plant any
thing therein ; and if you throw it
up in Ridges, to receive the Froft
in Winter, it will be of great Ser-
vice to meliorate ac loofen its
Parts.

The Manure which is moft proper
for fuch Soils, is Sea-coal Afhes, and
the Cleanfing of Streets or Ditches,
which will render it light much foon-
er than any other Dung or Manure; |
and the greater the Quantity of

LZ 4 Athes,

we _—

——aae- Oa

- Afhes, the better, efpecially if the
Ground be cold ; and where thefe
Afhes are nor to be obtained in plen-
ty, Sea fand is very proper, or rotten
. Wood; or the Parts of Vegetables
rotted are very good, all which will
greatly loofen tne Soil, and caufe it
to be not only eafier to work, but
alfo more advantageous for the
Growth of Plants. e

But, on the contrary, if your Soil
be light and warm, you fhould ma-
pure it with rotten Neats-dung,
which is much preferable to any
ether, for hot Soils ; but if you ufe

Horfe-dung, it mutt be well rotted,

otherwife it will burn up the Crops,
upon the firft hot dry Weather. |

The Soil of this Garden fhould be
at leaft two Feet deep; but if deep-
er, it will be ftill better, otherwife
there wiil not be Depth enough for
many Sorts of efculent Roots, as
Carrots, Parfneps, Beets, ¢. which
run down pretty deep in the Ground;
and mott other Sorts of efculent
Plants delight in a deep Soil: and
many Plants, whofe Roots appear
fhort, yet if their Fibres, by which
they receive their Nourifhment, are
traced, they will be found to extend
to a confiderable Depth in the
Ground ; fo that when thefe are flop-
ped by meeting with Gravel, Chalk,
Clay, &c. the Plants will foon thew
it, by their Colour, and iftinted
Growth.

You fhould alfo endeavour to have
a Supply of Water in the dierent
Parts of the Garden, which, if pof-
fible, fhould be contained in large
Bafins or Refervoirs, where it may
be expofed to the open Air and Sun,
that it may be foftened thereby; for
fach Water as is taken out of Wells,
&Fc. joft as it 1s ufed, is by no means
_ proper for any Sort of Plants.
’ Inthe Dittribution of this Gar-
den, per having built the Walls,

all fe Oe

KI
you fhould lay out Banks or Border»
under them, which fhould be ae
leaft eight or ten Feet broad, where-
by the Roots of the Fruit-trees will
have greater Liberty than in fach
Places where the Borders are not
above three or four Feet wide; and
upon thefe Banks you may fow
many Sorts of early Crops, if ex-
pofed to the South ; and upon thofe
expofed to the North, you may
have fome late Crops: but I would
by no means advife the planting any
Sort of deep rooting Plants too near
the Fruit-trees; efpecially Peas and
Beans; tho’, for the Advantage of
the Walls, to preferve them in Win-
ter, and to bring them forward in
the Spring, the Gardeners in general
are too apt to make ufe of thofe
Borders, which are by the bett af-
pected Walls, to the great Prejudice
of their Fruit-trees ; but for thefe
Purpofes it is much better to have
fome Reed-hedges fixed in fome
of the warmeft Quarters, under
which you fhould fow and plant
early Peas, Beans, @c. where they
will thrive as well as if planted un;
der a Wall ; and hereby your Fruit-
trees will be intirely freed from fuch
troublefome Piants.

Then you fhou:d proceed to di-
viding the Ground out into Quar-
ters, which mufi be proportion’d ta
the Largeneis of tne Garden; but]
would advife, never to make them
too {mal!, whereby your. Ground

will be loftin Walks ; and the Quar-

ters being incloied by Efpaliers of
Fruit-trees, the Plants therein will
draw up flender, and never arrive to
half the Size as they would do ima
more open Expofure.

The Waiks of this Garden fliould
be alfo proportion’d to the Size of
the Ground, which in a imaikGar-
den fhould be fix Feet, but in a
large one tens; and on each nem

&

—_—

——_—- ~L. oe ee ee eS eel SS

oo. te se fc Ss SS eS ee Se Se

i ee a ee a F

ee _—

_ i eb
Che Walk fhould be allow’d a Border
three or four Feet wide between the
Efpalier and the Walk, whereby the
Diftance between theE|paliers will be
greater, and the Borders being kept
_conftantly work’d and manur’d, will
be of great Advantage to the Roots
of the Trees ; and in thefe Borders
may be fown fome fmall Sallad, or
any other Herbs, which do not con-
tinue long, or root deep ; fo that the
Ground will not be loft.

The Breadth of thefe middle
Walks, which I have here affigned
‘them, may by many Perfons be
thought too great ; but my Reafon
for this is to allow proper room be-
tween the Efpaliers, that they may
- not fhade each other, or their Roets
interfere, and robeach other of their
Nourifhment : but where the Walks
are not required of this Breadth, it
is only inlarging of the Borders on
each Side, and {oreducing the Walks
to the Breadth defired. *

But the Walks of thefe Gardens
fhould not be gravell’d ; for as there
will conitantly be Occafion to wheel
Manure, Water, &c. upon them,
they would foon be defac’d, and ren-
der’d unfightly ; nor fhould they be
Jaid with Lurf; for in green Walks,
_ when they are wheeled upon, or
much trodden, the Turf is foon de-
ftroyed; and thofe Places, where
they are much ufed, become very
unfightly alfo: therefore the belt
Walks for a Kitchen- garden are
tthofe which are laid with a binding
Sand; but where the Soil is ftrong,
and apt to detain the Wet, there
fhould befome narrow under-ground
Drains made by the Side of the
Walks, to convey off the Wet;
otherwife there will be no ufing of
the Walks in bad Weather: and
where the Ground is wet, if fome
Zame-rubbifh, Flints, Chalk, or any

K I

fuch Material as can be procured
with the leaft Expence, is laid at the
Bottom of thefe Walks, and the
Coat of Sand laid over it, the Sand
will be kept drier, and the Walks |
will be found in all Seafons: thefe
Sand-walks are by much the eafieft
kept of any ; for when either Weeds
or Mofs begin to grow, it is but
fcuffling them over with a Dutch
Hoe in dry Weather, and raking
them over a Day or two after, and
he will be as clean as when firft
aid,

The beft Figure for the Quarters
to be difpofed into, is a Square, or
an Oblong, where the Ground ‘is
adapted to fucha Figure; otherwife
they may be triangular, or of any
other Shape, which will be moft ad-
vantageous to the Ground.

When the Garden is laid ovtim
the Shape intended, if the Soil is
ftrong, and fubje& to detain the
Moifture, or is naturally wet, there
fhould always be under - ground
Drains made, to convey off the Wet
from every Quarter of the Garden;
for otherwife moft Sorts of Kitchen-
plants will fuffer greatly by Moifture
in Winter: and if the Roots of the
Fruit - trees get into the Wet, they
will never produce good Fruit; fo
that there cannot be too much care
taken to let off all fuperfluous Moift-
ure from the Kitchen-garden.

Thefe Quarters fhould be con-
ftantly kept clear from Weeds; and
when any Part of the Ground is un-
occupied, it fhould always be trench-
ed up into Ridges, thar it may
fweeten, and imbibe the nitrous Par-
ticles of the Air, which is of great
Advantage to all Sorts of Land; and
the Ground will then be ready to
lay down, whenever it is wanted.

The Ground in thefe Quarters
fhould not be fown or planted with

te

KI
the fame Crops two Years together:
but the Crops fhould be annually
changed, whereby they will prove
much better than when they con-
flantly grow upon the fame Spot.
Indeed the Kitchen-gardeners near
London, where Land is dear, are of-
ten obliged to put the fame Crop
upon the Ground for two or three
Years together; but then they dig
and manure their Land fo well every
Year, as to render it almoft new:
tho’, notwithitanding all this, it is
conftantly obferved, that frefh Land
always produces the beit Crops. ~
If one of thefe Quarters, which
is fituated nearelt to the Stables, and
beft defended from the cold Winds ;
“or if either of the Slips without the
Garden-wall, which 1s well expofed
to the Sun; lies convenient, and is
of a proper Width; that fhould be
kee for a Place to make Hot-
eds for early Cucumbers, Melons,
&c. The Reafons for my giving the
Preference to one of thefe Slips, is,
firft, there wil! be no Dirt or Litter
carried over the Walks of the Kitch-
en - garden in Winter and Spring,
when the Weather is generally wet ;
fo that the Walks will be rendered
unfightly : fecondly, the View of the
Hot-beds will be excluded from
Sight; and laitly, the Convenience
of carrying the Dung into thefe
Slips ; for by making of a Gate in
the Hedge or Pale, wide enough for
a {mall Cart to enter, it may be done
_ with much lefs Trouble than that of
barrowing it thro’ the Garden: and
where there can be a Slip long
enough to contain a fufficient Num-
ber of Beds for two or three Years,
it will be of great Ufe, becaufe by
the Shifting of the Beds annually
they will fueceed much better than
when they are continued for a Num-
ber of Years on’the fame Spot of
Ground, As it will be abfolutely

; + ‘

2 ie
neceffary to fence this Melon-grour
with a Reed-hedge, it may be {o con-
trived as to move away in Panels ;
and then that Hedge which was on
the Upper-fide the firft Year, being
carried down to a proper Diftance
below that which was the lower
Hedge, and which may remain,
there will be no occafion to remove
more than one of the crofs Hedges
in a Year; therefore I am _perfua-
ded, whoever will make Trial of this
a ae will find it the moft eligi-

le.

The moft important Points of ge-
neral Culture confift in well digging
and manuring the Soil, and giving a
proper Diftance to each Plant, ac-
cording to their different Growths
(which is conftantly exhibited in
their feveral Articles in this Book),
as alfo in keeping them clear from
Weeds; for if Weeds are permitted
to grow until their Seeds are ripe,
they will fhed upon the Ground, and
fill it fo as not to be gotten out
again'in feveral Years. You fhould
alfo obferve to keep your Dunghils
always clear from Weeds; for it
will be to little Purpofe to keep the
Garden clean, if this is not obferv-
ed; for the Seeds, falling among
the Dung, will be brought into the
Garden, whereby there will be a
con{tant Supply of Weeds yearly in-
troduced, to the no fmall Damage
of your Plants, and a perpetual
Labour occafioned to extirpate them
again. As for all other neceflary Di-
retions, they will be found in the Ar-
ticles of the feveral Sorts of Kitchen-
garden Plants; which renders it
needlefs to be repeated in this
Place. |

KIGGELARIA.

This Name is applied-to this

Genus by Dr. Linneus, in Honour
to the Memory of Francis Kiggelar,
who was the Superintendant of the

curious |

=~

ry. [Sa = sey tesw SP Se OS Se 6 oD

wr

Ss

a

*

KI
‘ParlousGarden of Plants belonging
-to Mr. Beaumont in Holland.

The Charaéers are;

_ It is Male and Female in diftin®
Plants: the Empalement of each Sex
‘confifis of one Leaf, which is cut into
Jive concave Segments : the Flowers of
each Sex are compofed of five Leaves,
and are feaped like a Pitcher: the
Male Flowers have in their Centre
an obtufe Gland, having three Lobes,
the middle one being large, depreffed,
and coloured: this is fixed to the Bot-
tom of the Petals, and is attended by
ten fmall Stamina: the Female Flow-
ers have a roundi/h Pointal, fupport-
ing five Styles in their Centre, which
afterward changes to a rough /pheri-
cal Fruit, opening in frve Parts, and
having one Cell, which is filled with
angular Seeds.

_.° The Species are ;

1. Kicceraria mas. Lin. Hort.
Clif. Male Kiggelaria.

z. Kiccevaria famina. Lin.

Hort. Clif. Female Kiggelaria.

Thefe two Varieties are produced
from the fame Seeds ; fo mutt not be
deemed as diftinc&t Species : but it is
the Male Sort which is the moft com-
mon in the Engli/b Gardens, the
other being very rare at prefent.

This Plant has been many Years
preferved in fome of the curious Gar-
dens of Plants ; and has been known
by the Title of Euonymo affinis 4 thio-
pica fempervirens, fru&u globofa fca-

bro, foliis falicis rigidis ferratis, or
ever-green baiiard Spindle- tree of
Ethiopia, with a rough globular
Fruit, and {tiff Willow-leaves fawed
on their Edges : but we have no pro-
per Engle Name for it.

This grows to be a Tree, with a
firait woody Stem, ten or twelve
Feet high, having a regular Head :
the Branches are garnifhed with ob-

Jong fiiff Leaves, which are fhaped
fomewhat like thofe of the long-

“eyfindricat Empalement,

on

leav'd Mountain-willow, which are
fawed on their Edges: and tho’ it is
called an Ever-green, yet in the
Spring of the Year thefe Leaves fall
off a little before the new Leaves put
out; fo that for a Month cr more
the Trees are deftitute of Leaves, or
at leaft have very few remaining on
them. The Flowers, which are of
a yellowifh Green, are produced in
Fuly, and the Fruit is formed foon
after ; but the Seeds are not perfected
in England.

This Tree came originally from
Ethiopia; {ois too tender to live
thro’ the Winter in this Country in
the open Air; but it only requires
to be protected fram hard Froits ; fo
that the fame Green-houfe, where
Myrtles and other hardy Plants are
kept in Winter, will preferve this
Plant ; and it may be removed into
the open Air, at the fame time wher
they are, and treated in the fame
manner.

It may be propagated by laying
down of the tender Shoots; but
thefe are commonly two Years be-
fore they are rooted enough to be
taken from the old Plants. I have
alfo raifed a few of the Plants from
Cuttings, which were planted in the
Autumn ; but thefe were upward of
a Year before they were rooted, and
there were but few which fucceed-
ed with me, tho’ I have planted
many of thefe Cuttings at different
Seafons.

KLEINIA.

The Title of this Genus of Plants
was given to it by Dr. Zinneus in
Honour to the Noble F. T+. Klein
of Dantzick, who was a great Cul~
tivator of rare Plants.

The CharaGers are ;

It bath a compound Flower com-
pofed of feveral héermaphrodite Flow-
ers, which are inclofed in one common
which is

Squamofe :

KL .
Spuamofe: the Flowers are tubulous,
and are extended a little above the
Empalement, where they are cut into
five Segments: in the Centre of each
as fituated the Pointal, attended by
fre Stamina : the Pointal afterward
changes to an oblong Seed crown'd
with leng Down.
The Species are;

1. Kueinia foliis lanceolatis pla-
nis, caule levi ventricofo. Lin. Hort.
Clif. Kieinia with plain fpear-
’ fhaped Leaves, and a {mooth {well-
ang Stalk.

2. Kreinia foliis carnofis planis
evato-oblongis. Lin. Hort. Cliff.
Kleinia with oblong oval plain flefhy
Leaves, commonly called Auteuphor-
biun.

3. Kueinta folits carnofis lanceo-
Jatis compreffis, caule tereti. Lin.
Hort. Clif. Kleinia with flefhy
#pear-fhaped Leaves, which are com-
preffed, and a taper Stalk, common-
ly called African Groundfel - tree,
with a Ficoides-leaf.

4- Kveinia caule petiolis trunca-
tis obvallato. Lin. Hort. Cliff. Klei-
nia with a Stem full of Pretuberan-

ces.

The firft Sort has been long pre-
ferved in many curious Gardens in
different Parts of Europe: it is a
Native of the Cazary Iflands, and
was firft defcribed under the Title of
Arbor lavendule folie, i. e.a Tree
with a Lavender-leaf. It was after-
wards titled by fome a Linaria, and
“by others a Crithmum; but Dr. Dil-
lenins, who brought thefe Plants to-
gether under one Genus, gave it the
"Title of Cacalianthemum, from a
Similitude between the Flowers of
thefe Plants, and thofe of the Caca-
fia; fo that in different Countries
this firft Species has pafied under dif-
ferent Appellations ; and by fome of
the Exg/i/o Gardeners has been. call-
ed the Cabbage-trees; which Name,

KL
I fuppofe, was given it, from a Re®
femblance, which they imagined,
betweey the Stem of this Plant, and
that of the Cabbage: by others I
have heard it called the Carnation-
tree, but for what Reafon I never
could learn ; fo that Ido not know
wy proper Exglif Name for this

ant.

This Sort will grow to the Height
of ten or twelve Feet in England;
but I fuppofe, in its native Coun-
try, it is of much greater Growth.
The Stems are rather flefhy than
woody, and grow deformed, having
crooked Knees, at the End of each
Year’s Growth; and each of thefe
Joints, or Shoots, {well with a Belly
in the Middle. T'hefe Shoots or
Branches are naked all their Length,
except toward their Top, where they
are garnifhed with long narrow pale-
green Leaves, which are produced
without any Order, on every Side of
the Branches : and from between the
Clufter. of Leaves at the Extremity
of the Shoots, the Flowers are pro-
duced in large Clufters, which are
of a pale or yellowifh-green Col-
our. Thefe generally appear in the
Autumn, at which Seafon thefe
Plants put out new Leaves, and are
in their greateft Vigour.

The fecond Sort has alfo been
long preferved in Gardens, by the |
Title of Anteuphorbium; under which ©
Name it hath been figured and de- |
fcribed by feveral antient Authors,
from a fuppofed Virtue in this Plant,
of abating the cauftic Quality of Eu-
phorbium: but as this Plant had not
produced any Flowers in Europe, till
of late, that one of thefe Plants |
flowered in the Garden of his Grace
the Duke of Beaufort, at Badming- —
tou ; fo the Botanifts were ata lofs te
know under what Genus to range —
it: but by the Flowers. there pro-
duced, it appeared to agree with
fae thofe

lle oe
#hofe of this Genus, where it is now

This Plant fends out a great Num-
ber of flefhy Branches, which are
about the Thicknefs of a Finger,
and grow very luxuriant and irregu-
lar; fo that there is no training of
it up tooneStem. Thefe tranches
are naked below, but toward their
Upper-part are garnifh’dwith Leaves
which come out alternately on every
Side of the Branches. Thefe are
oval and flefhy, fmooth on their
Edges, where they are- waved; as
the Shoots extend in Length, fo the
lower Leaves decay, and drop off:
the whole Plant, if encouraged, will
grow very luxuriantandrude; there-
fore the Roots fhould be confined in
the Pots, and the Soil in which they
are planted fhould be lean and dry.

The third Sort was firft introduced
imo the Englif> Gardens as one Spe-
eies of Ficoides; but after it had
produced Flowers, it was by feveral
Botanifts ranged in the Genus of
Senecio, or Groundfel; and has fince
pafied in common amongft the Gar-
deners, by the Name of African
Groundfel-tree, with a Ficoides-leaf :
but, upon a nicer Examination of the
Flower, it is found to agree with
thofe Charatters afcribed to this
Genus.

This Sort has many round taper
Stems, which are very fucculent,
and are produced without Order:
thefe branch out on every Side from
the Bottom; fo that it is abfolutely
neceflary to cut off many of thefe
annually, to keep the Plants withia
‘Compafs. Thefe Branches are gar-
mifhed with flefhy taper Leaves,
which are five or fix Inches long,
fomewhat comprefled, and ending
in a Point. Thefe Leaves are co-
vered with a glaucous Flue, which
wipes off ; and when the Leaves are
“broken, the thick Juice contained

= wee ’ = 4

: KL

within has a ftrong terebinthinogg.
Scent: at the Extremity of the
Shoots, the Flowers are produced
in Clufters, which are white.

The Leaves of this Plant are, by
fome of the Nobility in France,
pickled : in the doing of which they
preferve their glaucous Colour,
which renders them ornamental on
the Table. ‘This Sort commonly
flowers in the Autumn and Winter,

The fourth Sort is at prefent rare
in England: this approaches nearer
in Form to the firft, than any of the
other Species ; but the Stem of this
is all over full of Papi/le, er Pro-
tuberances: the Leaves are alfm
much narrower than thofe of the
firtt; but, in other refpects, there
is great Similitude between them,
The Leaves of this Sort generally
decay, and fall off, in the Spring 3
fo that, during the Summer-feafon,
the Plants are quite naked: but in
the Autumn the new Leaves are
put out, which flourifh all the Win-
ter, when the Plants make their ans
nual Shoots, i

All thefe Plants are eafily propa«
gated by Cuttings; but the beft Sea-
fon for planting of the Cuttings of
the firft and fourth Sorts is toward
the End of ‘Fu/y, or the Beginning
of Auguft, which is a little:before
thefe Plants begin to fhoot: but as
thefe Cuttings are very fucculent,
they fhould be taken ofa Fortnight
or three Weeks before they aré
planted, during which time they
fhould be laid in the Green-houfe,
that the Part where they were cut
may dry, and heal over, otherwife
they are apt to rot: in the taking
off thefe Cuttings, it fhould always
be at a Joint; for thefe will more
furely fucceed, than thofe which are.
cut at random.

When thefe are planted, they
fhould be each put into a feparate
{mali

KN
* {mall Pot filled with light fandy
Earth, and placed in the Shade for a
Fortnight or three Weeks, giving
them a little Water two or three
times a Week; after this if the Pots
are plunged into a very moderate
Hot bed, it will promote their take-
ing Root.

The Cuttings of the other two
Sorts may be planted during any of
the Summer-months, obferving to
cut them off fome time before they
are planted; but thefe may be
planted in an open Bed of common
Earth, where they will take Root,
and may afterward be taken up and
potted: butif the Cuttings of the
fecond Sort are permitted to remain
long in the full Ground, the Plants
will grow fo very luxuriant, as to
render them not only unfightly, but
alfo difficult to remove.

Thefe Plants muft be houfed in
Winter, otherwife they cannot be
preferved in England: if they are
placed in an airy Glafs-cafe, with
Ficoides, Sedums, and other fuccu-
lent Plants, where they may be fe-
cured from Froft, and have as much
free Air as poflible in mild Wea-
ther, they will thrive better than in
@ common Green-houfe, which is
often too damp for thefe Plants,
efpecially the firft and fourth Sorts,
Which are foon injured by the
Damps, their Leaves growing
mouldy, and this often affects their
Stems: but the other two Sorts
will thrive in any good Green-houfe.
Thefe muft be expofed abroad in the
Summer, in a fheltered Situation.

KNAUTIA.,

This.Name was applied to this
Plant by Dr. Lénzeus, in Honour
to the Memory of Dr. Chriflian
Knaut, who publithed a Method of
clafling Plants.

KN
_ The Charaéers are;

Lt hath feveral flofeular Flowers
inclofed in one common cylindrical Em=
palement : thefe feveralFlofcules have
their Petals ranged fo as to appear a
regular Flower; but each /eparate
Fiofcule is irregular, confifling of oné
Leaf, which is tululous, but fpread _
open at the Top, where it is cut into
Sour Segments, the outer one being the
largeft: in the Bottom of each Floret
is fituated the Pointal, attended by |
Sour long Stamina ; the Pointal after-
ward changes to a fingle oblong naked
Seed.

There is but one Species of this
Plant at prefent known; wiz.

Kwnavutia. Lin. Hort. Cliff This
Plant is very near akin to the Sca-
bious, under which Genus it has
been ranged by feveral Botanifts 3
but the Appearance of the Flower
at firft Sight being like a Lychnis,
Dr. Boerhaave {eparated it from the
Scabious, and gave it the Title of
Lychni-/cabiofa, which being a com-
pound Name, Dr. Linneus has al-
tered it to this of Kuautia.

This is an annual Plant: the Seeds
of it were brought from the Archipe-\
Jago, where it is a Native; but
when it is allowed to fcatter its Seeds
in a Garden, it will propagate itfelf
in as great Plenty as if it were a Na-
tive of England: and thefe autumnal
Plants, which arife from the feat-
tered Seeds, will grow much fironger |
than thofe which are fown in the
Spring. All the Culture this Plant
requires is, to keep it clear from
Weeds; for it will thrive on almoft
any Soi!,. or in any Situation.

KNIGHTS-CROSS, or SCARe
LET CROSS, is the Scarlet Lych«
nis. Vide Lychnis. :

LA

eee mee Pe

LA

BRBBWW

LA

ABLAB. Vide Phafeolus.
LABRUM VENERIS. Vide
Dipfacus. |

LABRUSCA. Vide Vitis.

LABURNUM. V/ide Cytifus.

LACRYMA JOBI, Job’s Tears.
Vide Coix.

LACTUCA, Lettuce.

The Chara@ers are;

It hath a fibrofe Root, which is,
for the moft part, annual: the Leaves
are fmooth, and grow alternately upon
the Branches: the Stalks are, for the
moft part, flender and fiiff, and com-
monly terminate into a fort of Umbel:
the Cup of the Flower is.oblong, flen-

der, and fealy: the Seeds are oblong,
_deprefs'd, and generally terminate ina
Point.
It would be befide my Purpofe to
mention in this Place the feveral
Sorts of Lettuce that are to be found
in Botanic Writers, many of which
are Plants of no Ufe, and are never
“cultivated but in Botanic Gardens
for Variety ; and fome of them are
found wild in many Parts of England.
I thall therefore pafs over thofe here,
and only mention the feveral Sorts
which are cultivated in the Kitchen-
garden for Ufe: 1. Common or Gar-
den-lettuce. 2. Cabbage-lettuce. 3.
~Cilicia Lettuce. 4. Dutch Brown
Lettuce. 5. Aleppo Lettuce. 6. Im-
perial Lettuce. 7. Green Capuchin
Lettuce. 8. Verfailles or Upright
White Cos Lettuce. 9. Black Cos.
10. White Cos. 11. Red Capuchin
Lettuce 12. Roman Lettuce. 13.
| Prince-lettuce. 14. Royal Leitsge.
Wg. Egyptian Cos Lettuce.

|

LA

The firft of thefe Sorts is coms _
monly fown very young, for cutting, —
to mix with other {mall Sallad-herbs,
and is only different from the fe-
cond Sort, in being a Degeneracy
therefrom; or otherwife the fecond
is an Improvent by frequent Culti-
vation from the firft: for if the Seeds
are faved from fuch Plants of the fe-
cond Sort as did not cabbage clofely,
the Plants produced from that Seed
will all degenerate to the firft Sort 3
which is by the Gardeners called
Laped-lettuce, to diftinguifh it from
the other, which they call Cabbage-
lettuce. The Seeds of the firft,
which are commonly faved from any
of the Plants, without having regard
to their Goodnefs, are generally fold
at a very cheap Rate (e‘pecially in
dry Seafons, when thefe Plants al-
ways produce the greateft Quantity
of Seeds); though fometimes this
Seed is fold in the Seed fhops, and
by Perfons who make a Trade of
felling Seeds, for the Cabbage-let-
tuce; which is often the Occafion of
Peoples being difappointed in their
Crop: fo that this Sort fhould never
be cultivated but to be cut up very
young ; for which Purpofe this is
the only good Sort, and may be
fown any time of the Year; obferv-
ing only in hot Weather to fow it on
fhady Borders; and in the Spring
and Autumn upon warm Borders ;
but in Winter it fhould be fown un-
der Glaffes, otherwife it is fubject to
be deftroy’d by fevere Frofts.

The Cabbage-lettuce may alfo be
fown at different times of the Year,
in order to have a Continuation of it
thro’ the whole Seafon. The firft Crop
is generally fown in February; which
fhould be upon an open warm Spot
of Ground; and when the Plants are
come up, they fhould be thinn'd
out, tothe Diftance of ten Inches
each Way ; which may be done by -

hocing

LA

hoeing them out, as is praétis’d for
Turneps, Carrots, Onions, &c. pro-
vided you have no Occafion for the
fuperfluous Plants ; otherwife they
may be drawn up, and tranfplanted
into another Spot of good Ground
at the fame Diftance ; which if done
before the Plants are too large, they
will fucceed very well, though they
will not be fo large as thofe which
were left upon the Spot where they
were fown; but they will come
fomewhat later, which will be of
Service, where People do not conti-+
nue fowing every Month.

You muft alfo obferve in fowing
the fucceeding Crops, as the Seafon
advances, tochoofe a fhady moift
Situation, but not under the Drip of
Trees; otherwife, in the Heat of
Summer, they will run up to Seed
before they cabbage. In the Begin-
ning of Auguf? you fhould fow the

Jaft Crop, which is to ftand over

Winter ; and fhould be fown thin
upon a good light Soil, ina warm
Situation ; and when the Plants are
come up, they muft be hoed out, fo
as to ftand fingly, and cut down all
the Weeds to clear them. In the
Beginning of O@ober they fhould be
tranfplanted into warm Borders ;
where, if the Winter 1s not very
fevere, they will ftand very well:
but in order to be fure of a Crop, it
will be advifeabie to plant a few up-
ona Bed pretty clofe, where they
may be arched over with Hoops ;
and in fevere Froits they fhould be
cover’d with Mats, and Straw, or
Peas-haulm, to fecure them from
being deftroy’d ; and in the Spring
of the Year they may be tranfplant-
ed out into a warm rich Soil, at the
Diftance before-mentioned ; but ftill
thofe which grew under the Wall, if
they efcaped the Winter, and were
fuffered to remain, will cabbage
.. fooner than thofe which are remo-

ved ; but you muft obfetve not ta.
place them too clofe to the Wall,
which would occafion their growing
up tall, and prevent their being
large or hard.

In order to fave good Seeds of |
this Kind, you fhould look over
your Lettuces when they are in Per- §
fection; and fuch of them as are
very hard, and grow low, fhould —
have Sticks thruft into the Ground,
by the Sides of as many of them as
you intend for Seed, to mark them
from the reft; and you fhould care-
fully pull up all the rett from amongft
them as foon as they begin to run up,
if any happen to be left, left, by in-
termixing with the good ones, the

‘Seeds may degenerate.

It may be fome Perfons may ob-
ject, that fuppofe fome bad oned
fhould happen to be left among them
(for Seeds to fow for fmall Sallads),
yet the good ones being mark’d, the
Seeds need not be mixed, and fo no
Danger can enfue from thence: but
notwithftanding ever fo much Care
being taken to keep the Seeds fepa-
rate, yet, whether from the interé
mixing of the Farina during thé
time of their being in Flower, of
what other Caufe, I can’t fay; but
it hath been obferved, that where
good and bad Plants have feeded up-
on the fame Spot, the Seeds of -the
good Plants, which were carefully
faved feparately, have very much de-
generated, and proved worfe than
{uch as have feeded by themfelves,
The Seeds fhould always be faved
either from thofe which ftood thro’
the Winter, or thofe which were
fown early in the Spring; for thé
late ones very feldom perfect theit
Seeds. |

The Cilicia, Imperial, Royalj —
Black, White, and. Upright Co#
Lettuces may be fown at the fol-
lowing times: the fir Seafon for

fowing

LA

Lovie thefe Seeds is at the latter
End of February, or the Beginning
of March, upon a warm light Soil,
and an open Situation; 7. ¢, not
overfhadow’d with Trees ; _ and
when the Plants are come up, they
Should be either hoed out, or tranf-
} planted into another Spot of Ground
} (as was directed for the Cabbage-
| lettuce), obferving to leave thefe
Sorts fifteen or fixteen Inches apart
each Way; which will be full near
enough for thefe Plants, efpecially
if the Soil be good; and you maf
carefully keep them clear from
Weeds, which is the only Culture
} they will require, except the Black
Cos Lettuce, which fhould be tied up
| when they are full-grown (in the
} manner as was diredted for blanching
of Endive), to whiten their inner
Leaves, and render them crifp ;
Otherwife they are feldom good for
much, rarely cabbaging wichout
this Affiftance.
When your Lettuces are in Per-
fetion, you fhould look over them,
} and mark as many of the beit of
| them as you intend for Seed (in the
fame manner as was before directed
for the common Cabbage-lettuce) ;
} being very careful not to fuffer any
ordinary ones to feed amongit them,
'§ as was before obferved ; which would
| prove more injurious to thefe Sorts
‘than to the common, as being more
inclinable to degenerate with us, if
§ they are not carefully preferved.
You may alfo continue thefe Sorts
through the Seafon, by fowing them
in April, May, and Fune; obferv-
ing (as was before directed) to fow
® the late Crops in a moift fhady Situ-
® ation, otherwife they will run upto
Seed before they grow to any Size;
but in 4uguff, toward the latter End,
® you may {ow of thefe Sorts, to abide
the Winter; which Plants fheuld be
tran{planted either under Glaffes, or
“Vor. II.

LA
into a Bed, which fhould be arch’d
over with Hoops, in order to be co-
verd in the Winter, otherwife in
hard Winters they are often deftroy’d;
but you muft conftantly let thefe
Plants have as much open free Air
as poflible, when the Weather is
mild; only covering them in hard
Rains, or frofty Weather; for if
they are kept too clofely cover’d in
Winter, they will be fubje& toa
Mouldinefs, which foon rots them.

In the Spring thefe Plants fhould
be planted out into 2 rich light Soil,
allowing them at leaft eighteen Inch-
es Diftance each Way; for if they
are planted tooclofe, they are very
fubjeét to grow tall, but feldom cab-
bage well; and from this Crop, if
they fucceed well, it will be proper
to fave your Seeds: tho’ you fhould
alfo fave from that Crop fown in
the Spring; becaufe fometimes it
happens, that the firit may fail bya
wet Seafon, when the Piants are fall
in Flower, and the fecond Crop may |
fucceed, by having a. more favour-
able Seafon ; and if they fhould both
fucceed, there will be no Harm in
that, fince the Seeds will grow very

* well when two Years old; and if

well faved, at three; but this will
not always happen.

The moft valuable of a!l the Sorts
of Lettuce in Exgland are the Ezy-
ptian Green Cos, and the Verfailles,
cr White Gs, the Ci/icia, arid Black
Cos; tho” fome Peop'e are very fond
of the Royal and Imperial Lettuces 5
Eut they feldom fell fo well in the
Londox Markets as the other, nor are
fo generally efteem’d. Indeed of late
Years, fince the White Cos has been
commonly cultivated, it hasobtain’d
the Preference of ail the other Sorts,
until the Egyptian Green Gos was in-
troduced; which is fo much fweeter
and tenderer than the White Cos,
that itis by all good Judges efteemed

Aaa the

-

ie : p => > =e

LA

the beft Sort of Lettuce. known.
This Sort will endure the Cold of
. our ordinary Winters full as well as
the White Cos; but at the Seafon
of its Cabbaging, if there happens
to be much wet, this Sort, being
very tender, is very fubjéc& to rot.
The Brown Dutch and Green Ca-
puchin Lettuces are very hardy, and
niuy be fown at the fame Seafons as
was directed for the common Cab-
bage-lettuce ; and are very proper to

plant under a Wal! or Hedge to”

ftand the Winter ; where many times
thefe will abide. when moft of the
other Sorts are deftroy’d; and there-

fore they will prove very acceptable, ”

ata time when few other Sorts are
to be had; they will alfo endure
more Heat and Drought than moft
other Sorts of Lettuce, which ren-
ders them very proper for late fow-
ing ; for it often happens, in very
shot Weather, that the other Sorts of
Lettuce will run up to Seed in a few
Days after they are cabbaged ;

whereas thefe will abide near three.

Weeks in good Order, efpecially if

Care be taken to cut the forwardeft

firft, leaving thofe that are not fo
hard cabbaged to be laft. In faving
of thefe Seeds, the fame Care fhould
be taken to preferve only fuch as are
very large, and well-cabbaged, other-
‘wife the Seeds will degenerate, and
be good for little. 3

_* The Red Capuchin, Roman, and

Prince-lettuces are pretty Varieties,

and Cabbage very early ; for which
Reafon a few of them may be pre- ©
ferved; as may alfo fome of the’

Aleppo, for the Beauty of its {potted
Leaves; tho’ very few People care
for either of thefe Sorts at ‘Table,
when the other more valuable ones
are to be obtain’d ; butin a Scarcity,
thefe may fupply the Place pretty
well; and thefe Sorts are very pro-
- per for Soups. ‘The Seeds of thefe
* 6

/

muft alfo be faved from fuch as cab= _
bage beft, otherwife they will de-—
generate; and be good for little.
, In faving Seeds of all thefe Sorts ©
of Lettuce, you fhould obferve,
when the Plants have run up, to fix
a Stake’down by the Sides of each, ©
to which the Stem fhould be faften’d,
to prevent their being broken, or ~
biown out of the Ground by Wind ;
to which the Cr/cia, and the other ©
large- growing Lettuces, are very —
fubjet when they are in Flower, —
You muft alfo obferve to cut fuch ©
Branches of the large-growing Let-
tuces as ripen firft, and not wait to —
have the Seed of the whole Plant ripe _
together, which never happens; but,
on the contrary, fome Branches will —
be'ripe a Fortnight or three Weeks
before others: and when you: cut
them, they muft be fpread upon a —
coarfe Cloth in adry Place, that the
Seeds may dry; after which you
fHould beat them out, and dry them
again, and then preferve them for
Ufe, being careful to hang them up ~
where Mice and other Vermin can’t ©
come at them ; for if they do, they —
will foon eat them up. i
LACTUCA AGNINI.
Valerianella. a
LADY’s SLIPPER. Vide Hel- —
leborine. y
LADY’s SMOCK. Vide Cars
damine. y
LAGOECIA, Baftard Cumin.
The Charafers are; Bi

Lt hath many Flowers colle&ed inta
an Head, which have one common ©
Empalement compofed of eight indent=—
ed Leaves; but the fimple Empale-

ment to each Floawer hath four Leaves,

Vide | ;

avbich are very narrow and penna= |

ted: the Flower confifts of frwe horned rk

Petals, which are foorter than the.

Empalement: at the Bottom of each |

Flower is fituated the Pointal, at-
tended by five Stamina, which are
bong

a! i ee
LA

and narrow:

. dad changes to an oval Seed crowh-

‘ed with the E mpalement.

_ There is but, one Species of this

Plant; which is;

Lacoecia. Lin. Hort. Clif. Ba-
ftard, or Wild Cumin.

We have no other Englifo Name
for this Plant, nor is this a very pro-
per one ; but asit has been titled by
fome of the antient Botanifts Cuzmi-
num fylveftre, i. e. Wild Cumin;
and by Dr. Tournefort it is made a
diftin& Genus, by the Title of Cu-
sninoides $ it may be ftiled Wild Cu-
min.

This is 4n annual Plant, which
grows about a Foot high ; the Leaves
tefembie thofe of the Honewort : the
Flowers, which are of a greenifh-
yellow Colour, are collected in {phe-
rical Heads at the Extremity of the
Shoots : but there being little Beauty
in the Plant, it is rarely culuvated
but in Botanic Gatdens. It grows
plentifully about 4x in Provence; as
alfo in moit of the Iflands of the
Archipelago. The Seeds of this
Plant fhould be fown-in the Autumn,
foon after they are ripe; or if they
are permitted to icatter; the Piants
will come up; and require rio other
Care but to clear them from Weeds.
‘When the Seeds are fown in the
| Spring, they commonly remain in

the Ground a Year before they
| grow, and fometimes I have known
them lie two or three Years in the
| Ground ; fo that if the Plants do not
come up the firlt Year, the Ground

Should net be difturbed:
LAGOPUS.. + Vide’ Trifolium.
LAMI!IUM, Archangel or Dead-
nettle:
The Charaéfers are;
| It bath a labiated Flower confifting
“of one Leaf, vehofe upper Lip is hol-
-fow iihe-a Spoons but the under one

the Pointal after-

zs 's divided into tewo Segmenti, ? in ibe
form of an Heart, and both end in
Chaps, which are britthed. and edg-
ed: out of the Flower-cup, which i$
Jifiulous, and cut into five Segments;
rifes the Pointal, fixed like.a Nail in
the hinder Part of the Flower ; and
Attended, as it were, by four Em-
bryoes, which afterward become fe
many triangular Seeds, fout up in ar
Kv which was before the Flower-
cu
The Species are ;

; Lamium purpuretm fetidum
polio Jubrotands, five Galeopfis Diof-
coridis. C. B. P. Purple ttinking
Archangel or Dead-nettle.

2. Lamium purpureum factidum;
folio fubrotundo, minus. H. L. Leffler
purple fiinking Dead-nettle.

3. Lamtum folio oblongo; flore
rubro, Park. Theat. Archangel with
an oblong Leaf, and ared blower.

4. Lamium album, non factens, fox
lio oblonga. C.B.P. White. Arch-
angel or Dead-nettle.

LaMium péarietarie facie

Morif. H. R. Blef. Dead-nettle
with the Face of Pellitory.

6 LamMium falta caulem ambiente;

minus. C. B. P. Leifer Dead-nettle;
with the Leaves eficompafling the
Stalk.
_ 9. Lamium rubrum minus; foliis
profunde incifis. Rati Syn. Lefler red
Dead-nettle, whofe Leaves are deep-
ly cut.

8. Lamium albem fetidum; folio
Jubrotundo, minus. C.B.P. Leffer
ftinking Dead-nettle, vith. white
Flowers, and a roundifh Leaf.

9. Lamium foliis caulem ambien-
tibus; majus. C. B. P.. Greater
Dead-nettle; with the Leaves et
compafiing the Stalk.

10. Lamium. Orientale; nunc
mofchaturm, nunc fatidum, magna
flore. Tourn. Gor. ~ Eafternt Dead-

Aazaz nettle;

LA

nettle, fometimes fweet-fcented, and
fometimes flinking, with a large
Flower. .

_ its Lamium Orientale, foliis ele
ganter laciniatis. Tourn. Cor, Battern
Dead-nettle, with elegantly jagged
Leaves.
12. Lamium Oriéntale incanum,

frre albo, cum labio fuperiori crenato.
Tourn. Cor. Hoary Eaftern Dead-
nettle, with a white Flower, whofe
Upper-lip is netched.

13. Lamium Orientale incanum,
flore purpurofcente, cum labio fuperiort
-erenato. Tourn. Cor. Hoary Eaftern
Dead-nettle, with a purplifh Flower,
whofe Upper-lip is notched.

14, Lamium Orientale album la-
tifolium altiffimum. Tourn. Cor. Tali-
eit Eaftern Dead-nettle, with a broad
Leaf, and a white Flower.

The firft, fecond, fixth, feventh,
eighth, and ninth Sorts are annual
Plants, which grow wild on dry
Banks in feveral Parts of England ;
» fo are feldom preferved but in Bo-
tanic Gardens, for the fake of Va-
riety. All thefe Sorts flower in
March and Apri/, and their Seeds are
ripe foon after; which if permitted
_ to fcatter, the Plants will come up
in great Plenty, and become trouble-
fome Weeds. ‘The firft Sort is ufed
in Medicine; but the Markets are
fupplied with it from the Fields.

The fourth Sort is alfo very com-
mon under Hedges, in divers Parts
‘of England: this is alfo ufed in Me-
dicine. The Roots of this Sort
fpread very far under-ground ; and
where it once fixes, it is very diffi-
cult to eradicate; efpecially under

Hedges or Trees, where the Roots
of this Plant will intermix with thote
of the Plants, fo that they cannat be
-eafily taken out, without difturbing
-the Roots of the Plants. The. third
Sort is a Variety of the fourth, from

‘i

LA

which it differs in the Colour of the
Flowers, which in thisare of a bright
redColour. Thefe two are abiding
Plants, which propagate themfelves
very faft by their creeping Roots.
The fifth, tenth, and eleventh
Sorts are annual Plants, which do
not grow wild in Exgland, but are
equally hardy with thofe before-
mentioned. Thefe flower early in
the Spring, and if their Seeds are

permitted to featter, the Plants will

come up in the Autumn in great
Plenty. ‘Fhe nfth Sort has no great
Beauty, fo is only preferved for Va-
riety; being very like our common
Dead-nettle, except in the Difference
of the Leaf. But the tenth Sort de-
ferves a Place in fome abject Part of
the Garden, for the Beauty of its
Leaves in Winter ; which are varie-
gated fomewhat like the common
Cyclamen, and make an Appear-
ance very like that Plant in Winter,
Thefe Leaves, in dry Weather, have
a mufky Scent on their being gently

rubbed; but if they are bruifed, ©

they become ftinking and difagree-
able.
The twelfth, thirteenth, and four-
teenth Sorts are abiding Plants,which
will trail on the Ground, and fend
forth Roots from the Joints of their
Stalks,whereby they propagate them-

felves very faft: fo where-ever they _

are permitted to have room in a

and become troublefome.
LAMPSANA, Nipplewort.
The Chara&ers are;
It hath a femiffofculous. Flower,
confifting of many Half-florets, upen

which the Hmbryoes fit, and are in-

cluded avith-them in a multifid Cups

confifting of ome Leaf, which after-

Garden, they fhould be kept within —
Compafs; otherwife they will {pread,

ward becones aftreaked Vefjelineludes —

ing many nairow-pointed Seeds.

LA
The Species are ;

1. Lampsana. Dod. Pempt. Com-
mon Nipplewort.

2. Lampsana folio ampliffimo
erifpo. Petiver. Nipplewort with a
large curled Leaf.

3. Lampsana Orientalis elatior,
Soltis nigris maculis afperfis. D. She-
rard. ‘Taller Eaftern Nipplewort,
with Leaves fpotted with black
Marks.

"The firft Sort is a very common
‘Weed on dry Banks, and on the
Way-fides, in moft Parts of Eng-
dand: the other two Sorts were
brought from abroad into Botanic
Gardens, where they are preferved

for Variety ; but they are not al-

lowed a Place in any other Gardens.

Thefe are all annual Plants, which
flowerin Apri/, and their Seeds ripen
in Zune ; which, if permitted to fcat-
ter, will ftock the Ground with
Plants: fo that where they are ad-
mitted, there fhould be but few of
the Plants fuffered to feed, and thofe
fhould be in fome rude abject Part of
the Garden; left, by their fcatter-
ing Seeds, they fhould fill the Gar-
den, and overbear fuch Plants as
better deferve a Place.

But where the common Sort hath
‘been fuffered to fhed its Seeds, and
thereby become a troublefome Weed,

‘it may be deftroyed by keeping it
hoed down before it comes to flower,
fo that no Plants he permitted to
fcatter Seeds; for as it is an annual
Plant, fo where-ever Care is taken
to prevent its feeding, it will in two
or three Years be ab{olutely deftroy-
ed.

The firft Sort was formerly ufed in
Medicine in England, and is ftill
continued in Ufe in other Countries;
but it is not mentioned by the Col-
lege of Phyficians in their Difpen-
fatory.

ees

LANTANA, American Vibur-

num, or Camara.
The Chara@ers are;
The Empalement of the Floxver is

cut into four Segments: the Flower is ~

monopetalous, of an irregular Shape,
having a cylindrical Tube, which ex-
tends beyond the Empalement, and is
Jpread opex at the Brim, where it is
divided into five Parts: in the Cen-
tre of the Flower is fituated the Poine
tal, Jupporting a crooked Stigma, at-
tended by four Stamina, favo being
longer than the other: the Pointal af-
terward changes to a roundife Fruit
opening into two Cells, and inclofing a@
roundif/b Seed.

‘T his Genus of Plants was titled by
Father Plumier, Camara, which is
the American Name of the Plant ;
therefore Dr. Linnzus has altered it
to this of Lantana, which {s an old
Name applied to the Viburnum, or
common Wayfaring-tree.

The Specics are ;

1. Lanrana foliis oppofitis petia-
latis, floribus capitatis. Lin. Hort.
Cliff. Americav Viburnum,with Leaves
growing oppofite, and the Flowers
collected in an Head.

z. Lantana foliis oppofitis petio-
latis, caule aculeato. Lin. Hort.

Cliff American Viburnum, with

“oppofite Leaves, and a prickly

Stalk,

3. Lantana /foliis oppofitis car-
datis pitiolatis birfutis, foribus ca-
pitatis. American Viburnum, with
rough heart-fhaped Leaves growing
by Pairs, and the Flowers colleéted
in.an Head.

4. Lantana foltis Jlanceolatis
Selfilibus, caule glabra.
Viburnum, with {pear-fhaped Leaves
growing clofe to the Stalks, anda
{mooth Stalk.

5. LAnTAna foliis oppofitis petio- —

fatis, caule hirfuto, foribus fpicatis,
Aaa 3 Ree ee

American —

Americas.

ae atid

‘ ;

’

hairy.

LA

American Viburnum, with Leaves

growing oppofite, an hairy Stalk,
and Flowers growing in Spikes.

6. Lantana foliis alternis feffili-
bus, fioribus folitariis. Lin. Hort.
Cif. Viburnum with Leaves grow-
ing alernately without Footitalks,
and Flowers growing fingly, com-
gnonly called Hex-leav’d Jafmine.

- ‘The five Sorts firtt-mentioned are
Natives of the warmeft Parts of

America, where there are feveral

other Species, which differ in their

Growth, Snape of their Leaves and
“Flowers ;

and there are feveial Va-

rieties of thefe ditfering in the Co-
Jour of their Flowers. We have two
Varieties of the firft and fecond Sorts
here enumerated, one withan oran ge-
coloured Flower, and the other a
yellow Flower, which varies to a
Purple as it decays. The third Sort
produces white Flowers, which are
but fmall ; fo they make no great

Appearance.

The fourth Sort is of humble
Growth, feldom rifing more than
three Feet high: the Stalks. of this
Sort are {mooth; and the Leaves

‘grow very cl lofe to the Branches ;
‘the Flowers are of a bright purple

‘Colour.
The fifth Sort is alfo of low
Growth: the Branches are not fo

~ woody, as are thofe of the other

Kinds :’the Leaves are broad, and
pointed ; and the whole Plant is very
The Flowers grow on long
Footftalks, being of a purple Co-
lour, fet clofe together in a Spike:

.thefe are fucceeded by large purple

: _ Berries, which are eaten in the Vef-

“Indies.

* All thefe Sorts grow wild in the
Wand of Semaiea, from whence I
have receivedtheirSeedsfev eral times.
The laft Sort was fent me from the

North Side of that Ifland, All thefe

' L A -
Sorts require a moderate Stove te
preferve them thro’ the Winter, ig
England ; but.in Summer they may
be expofed abroad in a fheltered S)-
tuation, where they will continue a
long. time in Flower, and make a
very fine Appearance. The two firft
Sorts will often continue their flow-
ering for four or five Months, pra-
vided they are not too much drawn

-in the Stove; for as thefe produce

their Flowers from the Wings of the
Leaves, fo as the Shoots advance,
there are new Flowers produced till
very late in the Autumn : and if the
Plants are preferved in a moderate
Degree of Warmth in Winter, they
will begin to flower in May; but as
the Spring advances, they fhould
have a large Share of Air; othey-
wiie the Shoots will be very weak,
and the Plants will be infefted with
Infe&s, which will deface the Plants,
and prevent their Growth < therefore
when the Weather is warm, the
Glafies of the Stove fhould be open-
ed every Day, to admit as much
Air as poffible ; and about the Mid-
die of June, the Plants may be re-
moved into the open Air; but they
fhould have a warm-fheltered Situa-
tion, and in dry warm Weather
they will require plenty of Water.
_ Thefe Sorts may be propagated
either from Seeds, or by Cuttings.
The firft, fecond, and fifth Sorts
frequently perfect their Seeds in
England: but the other have not as
yet produced any here. Thefe Seeds
mutt be fawn on a good Hot-bed
early in the Spring ; and when the
Plants come up, they muit be-each
tran{planted into a feparate {mall
Pot, and plunged again into the
Hot. bed .to bring them forward:
but as the Plants advance in
Strength, fo they fhould, by de-
grees, be hardened to bear the’ open

Air 3

hemes be

_ Air; and may afterward be removed

‘Into it, and treated in the fame
manner as the old Plants.

_ If they are propagated by Cut-
tings, the beft time for planting
them is in uy, after the Plants have
been expofed to the open Air for
about a Month; by which time the
Shoots will be hardened fo as to be
out of Danger of rotting with a little
Moiiture. Thefe Cuttings fhould
be planted in {mall Pots filled with
light Earth, and plunged into a mo-
derate Hot-bed: and if’ they are
{creened from the Violence of the
Sun in the Middle of the Day, they
will be rooted in about fix Weeks

_time; when they muft be hardened

gradually to bear the open Air, and

afterward treated as theeold Plants.
The laft Sort has been long in the

. Englifo Gardens, and is commonly
_ Called the Iex-leav’d Jafmine. This
_-Plant was brought from the Cape of

_ Good Hope; fo is not very tender;

therefore may be preferved in a good

Green-houfe in Winter : but during

that Seafon it muft have a large

Share of Air in mild Weather, other-

wife it is apt to grow mouldy ; and

. this will caufe the tender Branches

to decay. In the Summer-feafon it.

may be expofed in the open Air,
with other Green-houfe Plants, ina

- fhéltered Situation, where it will add

to the Variety: and altho’ the

Flowers are fmall, and are produced

fingly from between the Leaves, fo

_ do not make any great Appearance;

_ yet as there is a Succeffion of thefe

Flowers moft Part of the Year, and
the Leaves continuing green through-

out the Year, it is worthy of a Place

in every Colleétion of Plants.
LAPATHUM, The Dock.
- "The Chara&ers are;
The Empalement of the Flower is
composed of three fmall Leaves, which
~ are reflexcd: the Flower hath ib-ee

rr. eh eee Oe eee | ra wr ee os

LA
Leaves, which are larger than thofa
of the Empalement, and are coloured:
in the Centre of the Flower is fituated
the three-cornered Pointal, fupporting
three fmall Styles, and is attended by
fix Stamina: the Pointal afterward
becomes a triangular Seed, inclofed by

the Petals of the Flower.

The Species are ; .

1. Laparuum prefantifimum
Rhabarbarum oficinarum dium. Mor.
Hiff, The Pontic Rhubarb.

2. Laratuum Alpinum, folio fub-
rotunds. Mor. Hift. Rouwnd-leav'd
Alpine Dock, by fome called Monks
Rhubarb.

3. Lapatuum hortenfe, folio ob-
longo, five fecundum Diofcoridis. C:
B.P. Long -leav’d Garden-dock,
or Patience.

4. Laparuum folio acuto plano.
C.£,P. Sharp-pointed Dock.

5. Lapatuum folio acuta crifpo.
C. B.P. Curied tharp - pointed
Dock.

6. Lapatuum folio acuto rubente.
C.B.P. Bloodwort or tharp-pointed

' Dock, with red Veins, and Foote

fialks to the Leaves.

‘7. Laratuum foeho acuto, flore
aureo.C B. P. Sharp-pointed Dock,
with golden Flowers. |

8. LapaTHUM acutum minimum.
7. B. The leaf tharp- pointed
Dock.

g. Lapatuum vwzlgare, folio ob-
tufo. JF, B. Common broad-leav’d
Dock, vulgarly call’d the Butter-
dock. .

10. Lapatuum /ylveftre, folio
fubrotundo, feminis involucris denta-
tis nobis. Mor. Hif. Commonbroad¢
leav’d Dock, with indented Covers
to the Seeds. :

11, LapaTHUM aguaticum, folio
cubitali. C.B. P. Great Water-doclx.

12. LAPATHUM aquaticum minus.
C. B. P. Leffler Water-dock.

33. Lapatuum pilchrum Bozo-—

Aaa, nienfe

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nienfe finuatum. F.B. The Fiddle
Dock.

14. Lapatuum hortenfe Latifo-
lium. C.B.P. The true Monks
Rhubarb.

15. Lapatuum Chalepenfe, fo-
lio acuto, feminum involucris profunde
dentatis. Mor. Hif. Sharp-pointed
Aleppo Dock, with the Seed-covers
_ deeply indented.

16. LaPaT.ium AE gyptiacum an-.

nuum, parietarie folio, capfula femi-
nis longius barbata. Hort. Pif. An-
nual Epyptian Dock, with a Pelli-
tory-leaf, and long Beards to the
Seed-vefiels.

17. LapatuumM Orientale, folio
batiffime undulata F mucronato, five
Rhabarbarum wverum. The true
Rhubarb.

The firft Sort here mentioned was
brought to Exgland many Years
_ fince, for the true Rhubarb; but
fince it hath been commonly ufed in
theShops forthe Rhaponticum, being
greatly inferior to the Rhabarbarum.
This Sort is frequently cultivated in
the Gardens, and is call’d Engh
Rhubarb. The Roots of this enter
as an Ingredient into feveral com-
pound Medicines: and of late Years,
the Footftalks of the Leaves have
been ufed for making of Tarts in
the Spring of the Year, as thefe may
be had before Goofberries are large
enough for that Purpofe. Thete
Foorftalks muft have their outer
Skin peel’d off, otherwife they wiil
be very ftringy : when this 1s done,
the pulpy Part will bake very ten-
der, and almoft as clear as the Apri-
cot; and having an agreeable acid
Fiavour, is by many Perfons efteem-
ed for this Purpofe.

Where thefe Plants are propaga-
ted for this Ufe, they fhould be plant-
ed at Jeaft three Feet afunder, and
in rich Ground, which will encou-

_teenth Sort, as

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rage them to put out large Leaves;
fo that the Footftalks will be very
large, in which is the chief Excel-
lence of them: for in thofe which
are {mall, there will be very little
Pulp; and that will not be near fo
good for Ufe as that of the large.

The fecond Sort is fometimes cul-
tivated in Gardens, for medicinal
Ufe ; tho’ there is a Difpute, whe-
ther this be the true Monks Rhu-
barb, or not : but there is no great
Difference between the Roots of this
Plant, and the other ditputed Sort :
but Dr. Boerhaave, and fome other
Botanifts, have mentioned the four-
the true Monks
Rhubarb; but I fufpeé this to be
only an accidental Variety of the
ninth Sort, and nota diftin€& Spe-
cies : however, I believe that the
Roots of this, and the third Sort,
are indifferently ufed in London, for
the Monks Rhubarb.

The third Sort was formerly cul-
tivated in Gardens as a Pot-herb ;
but of late Years it has been wholly
difufed for that Purpofe, and now
only preferved in Gardens for me-
dicinal Ufe,

The ten next- mentioned Sorts
grow wild in many Parts of Exg-

land, and are feldom admitted into *

Gardens ; but as feveral of thefe are
ufed in Medicine, I have put down
the Names by which they are di-
ftinguifhed amongit the -Botaniits,
The firft and third Sorts are directed
by the College of Phyiicians to be
ufed in* Medicine ; but the People
who fupply the Markets, take the
Roots of all the Sorts promifcuoufly,
as they find them. Thefe two Sorts
grow near Hedges, and in fhady
Lanes, which are not much frequent-
ed, in moft Parts of England; but
the third Sort is lefs common than
the fri, from which it differs in

nothing

_) _ ** | CG ee oot oe atk oe Ga Te

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hothing but the Stalks and Veins of
the Leaves being red. ‘This is fre-
quently called Bloadwort.

‘The Roots of the eighth Sort are

alfo ufed in Medicine; this is the
“Plant which Muatingius, a curious
Botanift of Groningen in Holland,
fuppofes to be the Herba Britannica
of the Antients, which was found to
be a. fovereign Remedy for the
Scurvy. ‘This Sort grows frequent-
ly in ftanding Waters, where it pro-
duces Leaves two and an half or
three Feet in Length. When this
Sort is planted on dry Land, or the
Water drained off the Ground, where
it naturally grows, it will not rife to
near the Size of thofe Plants which
grow in deep Waters.

» The eleventh Sort, whofe Roots

are ufed in Medicine, and is by fome
thought to be the true Monks Rhu-
barb, is not common in Exgland, if
it is really different from our broad-
leav’d Dock ; fo that thofe who ufe
Roots of Engii/o Growth, are IN
plied with the Patience Dock, or the
round-leav’d Alpine Dock; both
which Sorts are cultivated in the
Englife Gardens.

The twelfth and thirteenth Sorts
are Foreigners, which have been in-
troduced by the Curious in Botany,
for the fake of Variety ; but they
are not ufed in Medicine: and as

_they are Plants of no great Beauty,
they do not merit a Place, unlefs in
Botanic Gardens, for Variety-fake.
The twelfth Sort will continue two
or three Years; but the thirteenth
Sort is an annual Plant. .

The Seeds of the fourteenth Sort
I received for the true Rhubarb:

_ thefe were gathered by a Gentleman

who was on the Spot, where the

Roots are taken up, and fent to Pe- —

tersburgh in Mufcouy, for the Sup-
ply of Europe ; fo that we may. fup-

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pofe there is no great Reafon té@
doubt of its being the true Kind,

But, however it happens, the
Roots which have grown in Exg-
land, are not comparable to the fo-
reign Rhubarb: whether this may
be occafion’d by the not taking up
of the Roots at a proper Seafon, or
from what other Caule, we cannot
as yet determine; but we may hope
fome future Trial may inform us
better. Indeed there are fome Per-
fons who imagine, that there are fe-
veral Species of Rhubarb, which
grow in different Countries; and that
the Sort here mentioned is not the
beft: whether this is fo or not, I
cannot determine: but I have great
Reafon to fufpect thefe Plants are not
fpecifically different, but vary from
Seeds: for from the Seeds of one
Plant of the firft Sort, which grew
by a Plant of this laft, I had almoft
an equal Number of Plants produced
intermixed, tho’ none of the Seeds
of the laft came to Maturity : there-
fore it could not happen from any
Mixture of the Seeds, nor could it
{carce arife from any Impregnation
of the Male Duft, becaufe the Flow-
ers of the laft were decayed before
thofe of the firft were open.

All the Sorts of Dock are propa-
gated by Seeds, which fhould be
fown in Autumn, foon after they are
ripe ; for when the Seeds are kept
out of the Ground until Spring, they
will remain a whole Year in the
Ground before the Plants appear ;
whereas thofe fown in Autumn will
come up the following Spring.
Where the Seeds of the true Rhu-
barb (or any of the other Sorts,
whofe Roots are ufed in Medicine)
are fown to propagate the Plants,
they fhould have a Soil rather moift
than dry, and of a pretty good
Depth, that the Roots may have

‘room

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foom to run down. The Seeds
fhould be fown thin; and in the
Spring, when the Plants come up,
they thould be hoed out after the
manner directed for Parfneps and
Carrots, leaving the large-growing
Kinds (as the true Rhubarb, Rha-
pontic, and Alpine round-leav’d
Dock) two Feet and an half afunder
at leaft, becaufe thefe produce very
Rarge-fpreading Leaves; and if they
have not fufficient room to grow,
the Roots will be fmall. When this
ts done, the Plants will require no
ether Management, but to keep
them clear from Weeds; and intwo
or three Years time the Roots will
be fit for Ufe, when they fhould be
taken up foon after their Leaves de-
eay in Autumn. But it will be well
“worth trying, whether thofe Plants,
whofe Flower-ftems are pinched off,
foon after they appear in Spring
fand are never fuffered to flower or
feed), do not produce better Roots,
‘than thofe which are permitted to
‘feed, becaufe we find moft other
‘Roots grow fticky and tough, after
they have feeded, and not near fo
good for Uie as before; and as
“thefe Plants frequently fend out
Flower-ftems the fecond Year, it

oe 7

2, Larix folio deciduo, rudimen2
tis conorum candidiffimis. Pluk. Alm.
Larch-tree with white Rudiments,
or rather, with white Male Mow-
ers. '
3. Larix Ortentalis, fruflu ro-
tundiori obtufo. Inf. R. Herb. The
Cedar of Libanus,

There are two other Varieties of
the Larch-tree: one of them is
brought from North America, and
is called the Black Larch; the other
came from Archangel, 'This laf Sort
ufually puts out its Leavés three
Weeks before the common Sort:
both thefe grow different from the
common Sort, having flender hang-
ing Branches: but I believe they
can hardly be deemed diftinct Spe-
cies.

The firft of thefe Trees is pretty
common in the Engli/b Gardens :
this isa Native of the 4/ps, and Py-
renean Mountains ; but thrives ex-
ceeding well here, efpecially ifit be _
planted upon an elevated Situation ;
as may be obferved by thofe which ~

were. planted a few Years fince at

Wimbleton in Surry, which are now
grown to be large Trees, and pro-
duce annually a large Quantity of
Cones.

“may be neceflary to prevent their
Growth, in order to encourage their
Roots.

The fecond Sort feems to be only ©
a feminal Variety from the firft, —
from which it differs in the Colour ©

-LARIX, The Larch-tree,
The Charaéers are ;
The “Leaves (which are lng and
‘garratv) are produced out of little
-Fubercles, in form of a Painter's Pen-

“of the Male Flowers, which in this

is white, but in the other of a bright-

red Colour ; as alfo in the Colour of
the Leaves, which in this Sort are a
fomewhat lighter Green than thofe }

of the other; nor dothe Trees of
this Kind feem to be fo vigorous :
but whether the Seeds of this Kind |}
will produce the fame, I can’t as —
yet fay, having never feen any of —
the Plants which were raifed from —
thefe Seeds produce any Flowers 3 _
but however, it may be obtain’d by

inarching it into the common Sort.

Thefe.

ef]: the Cones are produced at remote
Difances from the Male Flowers on
the fame Tree’: the Male Flowers are
wery like fmall Cones at their firft
Appearance, but afterward firetch
ext in Length. .
The Species are 5

+". Larix fotto deciduo, conifera.
F.B. The Larch-tree.

BES

‘'Phefe Trees are propagated by

Seeds, which fhould be fown in the
Beginning of March, upon a Bed of
light Soil, expofed only to the morn-
ing Sun: or otherwife it may be
fown in Pots or Boxes of light Earth,
and placed near an Hedge, where
they may have the morning Sun
‘only. The Seed fhowld be cover’d
about half an Inch thick with fine
‘light Earth, and in very dry
Weather fhould be gently refrefh’d
with Water. In about fix Weeks,
if ‘your Seeds were good, the Plants
will come up, at which time you
fhould carefully guard them againit
_ the rapacious Birds, which would
_otherwife pull off the Heads of the
Plants, as they thruft themfelves out
_ of the Ground with their Covers on
them; and obferve to refrefh them
with Water in dry Weather, efpe-
cially if they are fown in Pots or
Boxes, as alfo to keep them con-
flantly clear from Weeds, which, if
fuffer’"d to grow among the young
_ Plants, will foon deflroy them: nor
_ fhould they be too much expos’d to
the Sun, or ftrong Winds; both
which are very injurious to thefe
Plants while they are young: but in
Oober you fhould (if they are in
Boxes or Pots) remove them into a
Situation where they may be defend-
ed from fharp Winds, which are
fometimes hurtful to them while
young; but afterwards they will
endure the fevereft Weather of our
Climate. |

The Latter-end of O@cher, or the
Beginning of November following,
you fhould remove thefe Plants into
Beds of frefh light Earth, at about
ten Inches Diftance each Way ; ob-
ferving to water them, if the Seafon
fhould. prove dry, as alfo to lay a
little Mulch upon the Surface of the
_ Ground, to prevent the Sun and
' Winds from drying their Roots: in

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thefe Beds they may remain two
Years, during which time you fhould
carefully keep them clear from
Weeds; as alfo obferve, if any of
them incline their Heads downward,
to thruft a {mall Stake into the
Ground by fuch of them, and faften
their Heads upright thereto ; for if
they are fufferd to grow on one
fide while young, they are rarely to
be reduced to an upright Figure
again. '

When the Plants have remain’d in
thefe Beds two Years, they will he
fit to tranfplant into the Nurfery ;
in order to which, you fhould make

choice of a Piece of frefh light Earth,

not over-dry, nor too wet: this
Ground fhould be well dug, and
cleans’d from Weeds, and Roots of
Plants or Trees; and after having
laid it level, you fhould mark out
the Rows at three Feet Diftance;
then you fhould take up the Plants
carefully, preferving a good Ball of
Earth to their Roots, and plant them
in the Lines at eighteen Inches afun-
der, obferving tomulch their Roots,
and alfo to water them, to preferve
their Roots from drying. ‘The beft
Seafon for this Work is toward the
Middle or Latter-end of OGoder, ac-
cording as the Seafon proves; for
as foon as they begin to caft their
Leaves, they may be removed with
great Safety. During the time they
remain in this Nurfery, they muft
conftantly be keptclean from Weeds,
and the Ground between them fhould
be dug every Spring, that it may
be loofe for the Fibres of their Roots
to ftrike into; and the Weeds will
be hereby more effectually deftroy’d
than by any other Method: and

the Roots of the Plants, being annu-

ally cut round, will caufe them to
pufh out a greater Number of Fibres,
whereby they will be much fafer to
remove, than they would be, if per-

| mitted

LA

gritted to grow undifturb’d for feve- >

ral Years.
_ You mnuft alfo obferve to train
their Heads upright, and not fuffer
them to grow awry, which they are
naturally too much inclin’d to: but
3 would by no means advife the
Siearing them in Pyramids (as is too
eften practifed), but rather lead them
wp for Timber-trees; for they will
grow to a confiderable Size, provi-
éed they like the Soil they are plant-
ed in.

In removing thefe Trets from the
Nurfery to the Places where they are
defign’d to be continued, you fhould
always ebferve to do it juft as they
eaft their Leaves; as alfo to take
them up with a large Ball of Earth
zo their Roots; and, when planted,
the Ground fhould be mulch’d, and
the Plants ftak’d, to prevent the
Wind from loofening them, or blow-
ing them out of the Ground. Thefe
Direstions, if duly executed, will
be fuficient, and there will be no
Danger of their fucceeding. But the
chief Caufe why many of thefe
‘Trees have fail’d, upon their being
zemov'’d, was the not doing it in.a
proper Seafon, orele that they were
not carefully taken up.

Thefe Trees fhould not remain

Tong in the Nurfery before they are
tranfplanted where they are to ftand
for good; for when they are large,

“they do not bear removing well.

_ ‘The beft Size for tranfplanting are
thafe of about two Feet, or two
Feet and an half high. Thefe will
foon outgrow fueh as are much lar-
ger when tranfplanted.

As thefe Trees put out early in
the Spring, fo where they cannot be
rermoved at Michaelmas, it fhould
not be deferred later than February ;
becaufe when they begin to fhoot,
it will be too late.

/

_Libanys, and isa Tree of great An-

LA

Thefe Trees are very proper for
the Sides of barren Hills, where few
other Sorts will thrive fo well; nor
is this Tree very delicate in its Soil ;
but will grow much better on poor
ftirong ftony Land, than in rich
Ground: and during the Summer
they appear very beautiful; but in
Autumn they caft their Leaves,
whereby fome People have been de-
ceiv’d, by fuppofing them dead, and
have deftroy’d them.

From the wounded Bark of this
Tree exudes the pureft Venice Tur-
pentine; and on the Body and
Branches of it grows the Agaric,
which is a Drug ufed in Medicine :
the Wood is very durable, and (by
fome) reported to be very difficult
to burn. But I don’t know how this
fhould be, to a Tree which abounds.
with Turpentine ; tho’ it is faid alfo
to be fo ponderous: as to fink in)
Water, It will polith exceeding well,
and is by the Architeéts abroad
much coveted, both for Houfes, and
building of Ships.

Witfen, a DutchWriter upon Naval
Architecture, mentions a Ship to be
long fince found in the Numidian
Sea, twelve Fathoms under Water,
being chiefly built of this Timber
and Cyprefs, both which Woods
were reduced to that Hardnefs, as
to refiftthe fharpeft Tools ; nor was
any Part of it perifh’d, tho’ it had)
lain above a thoufand Years fub-
merg’d. And it was upon Tables of
this Wood that Raphael, and feveral
of the greateft Artifts, eterniz’d |
their Skill, before the Ufe of Can-
vas was introduced. gh

The third Sort is the Cedar of

tiquity ; ‘and, what is remarkable, —
this 'I'ree is not found as a Native
in any other Part of the World, fo
far as hath come to our Knowle |
he

:

}

> a eee

LA
The Cones of this Tree are
Bee from thé Levant, which, if
sept intire, will preferve their Seeds

d for feveral Years: the time of

eir ripening is commonly in the
Spring, and confequently they are
near one Year old before we receive
them ; for which they are not the
worfe, but rather the better, the
Cones having difcharged a great
Part o: their Refin by lying, and the
Seeds 4re much eafier to get out of
them than fuch as are frefh taken
from the Tree.

The beft way to get the Seeds out
is, to {plit the Cones, by driving a
fharp Piece of [ron thro’ the Centre
length-ways, and fo pull the Seeds
out with your Fingers, which you
will find are. faftened to a thin leafy
Subftance, as are thofe of the Fir-
tree : but before the Seeds are taken
out, it will be proper to put the
Cones in Water for twenty-four
Hours, which will render them eafier
to fplit ; fo that the Seeds may be
taken out with greater Safety ; for
there will require Care in the doing
of it, otherwife many of the Seeds
will be fpoiled; for they are very
tender, and will bruife where there
is any Force employed to get them
ont.

Thefe Seeds fhould be fown in
Boxes or Pots of light frefii Earth,
and treated .as was direéted for the
Firs (to which I refer the Reader) ;
but only fhall obferve, that thefe re-
quire more Shade in Summer than
the Firs ; and the fooner they are
planted. into the open Ground, the

- better.

When thefe Plants begin to fhoot
ftrong, you will generally find the
leading Shoot incline to one Side ;
therefore, if you intend to have

_ them ftrait, you muft fupport them

with Stakes, obferving to keep the
djeader always clofe tied up, until

LA

you have gotten them to the Height
you defign them; otherwife thei
Branches will extend on every Side,
and prevent their growing tail.

Thefe Trees are by many People
kept in Pyramids, and thear’d as
Yews, Ge. in which Form they
lofe their greateft Beauty; for the
Extenfion of the Branches are very
fingular in this Tree, the Ends of
their Shoots, for the moft part, de-
clining, and thereby thewing their
upper Surface, which is contlanty
cloath’d with green Leaves in fo re-
gular a2 manner, as to appear, 2%
fome Diltance, like a green Carpet;
and thefe waving about with the
Wind, make one of the mof agrer-
able Profpects that can be te termi-
nate aVifta, efpecially if planted om
a rifing Ground.

It is Matter of Surprize to me,
that this Tree hath not been more
cultivated in Exglasd, than at pre-
fent we find it; fince it would bea
great Ornament to barrea bleaix
Mountains, where few other Treee
would grow; it being a Native of
the coldeft Parts of Mount Libanus,
where the Snow continues meft Part
of the Year. And from the Obfer-
vations I have made of thefe now
growing in Exgland, 1 find they
thrive beft on the poore& Soil: for
fuch of them as have been. planted
in a ftrong rich loamy Earth, have
made but a poor Progrefs, in com-
parifon to fuch as have grown upon
aftony meagre Soil. Andithat theie
Trees are of quick Growth, is evi-

dent from four of them How grow- |

ing in the Phyfic-gardea at Céclica,
which (as | have_been credibly in-
form’d) were planted there in the
Year 1683. and at that time were

not above three Feet high; two of |

which ‘I‘rees are at this ume (@2».
1750.) upwards of eleven Feet in
Girt, at two Feet above-ground ;

and

LA
&nd their Branches extend more than
twenty Feet on every Side their
‘Trunks ; which Branches (tho’ pro-
duced twelve or fourteen Feet above
the Surface) do at their Termination
hang very near the Ground, and
thereby afford a goodly Shade in

the hotteft Seafon of the Year.

The Soil in which thefe Trees

‘are planted, isa lean hungry Sand,

mix’d with Gravel, the Surface of
which is fcarcely two Feet deep be-
fore an hard rocky Gravel appears:
Thefe Trees ftand at four Corners
of a Pond, which is brick’d up with-
in two Feet of their Trunks, fo that

_ their Roots have no room to fpread
On one Side, and confequently are

cramp’d in their Growth: but
whether their flanding fo near the
Water may not have promoted their
Growth, I can’t fay ; but fure Iam,
if their Roots had had full Scope in
the Ground, they would have made
a greater Progrefs. I have alfo ob-
ferv’d, that lopping or cutting of
thefe ‘Trees is very injurious to them
(more, perhaps, than to any other

_ef the refinous Trees) in retarding

their Growth ; for two of the four
‘Trees above-mention’d, being unad-
vifedly planted near a Green-houfe,
when they began to grow large,
had their Branches lopp’d, to let the
Rays of the Sun into the Houfe,
whereby they have been fo much
check’d, that at prefent they are little
more than half the Size of the other
two.

Thefe Trees have all of them pro-
duc’d, for fome Years, large Quan-
tities of Katkins (or Male Flowers) ;
tho’ there are but two of them
which have as yet produc’d Cones ;
nor is it above fixteen or eighteen
Years, that thefe have ripen’d their
‘Cones, fo as to perfect the Seed :
but fince we find, that they are fo

- far naturaliz’d to our Country, as to

a ae
produce ripe Seeds, we need no#
fear being {oon fupply’dwith enough,
without depending on thofe Cones
which are brought from the Levant ;
fince there are many Trees of this
Kind in Exgland, which in a few
Years muft certainly bear: but I
find they are more fubjeét to pro-
duce and ripen their Cones in hard
Winters, than in mild ones; which
is a plain Indication, that they will
fucceed, even in the coldeft Parts of
Scotland, where, as well asin Eng- »
land, they might be propagated ta
great Advantage.

What we find mention’d in Scrip-
ture of the /fty Cedars; can be no-
ways applicable to the Stature of
this Tree ; fince, from the Experi-
ence we have of thofe now growing
in England, as alfo from the Tefti-
mony of feveral Travellers, who
have vifited thofe few remaining
Trees on Mount Libanus, they are
not inclin’d to grow very lofty ; but,
On the contrary, extend-their Bran-
ches very far: to which the Allufion
made by the P/almiff agrees very
well, when he is deferibing the flou-
rifhing State of a People, and fays,
They foall foread their Branches like —
the Cedar-tree.

Rauwolf, in his Travels, fays;
there were not at that time (7. e.
Anno 1574.) upon Mount Libanus
more than 26 Trees remaining, 24
of which ftood in a Circle; and the
other two, which ftood at a imall
Diitance, had their Branches almok
confum’d with Age: nor could he
find any younger ‘l'rees coming up
to fucceed them, tho’ he look’d
about diligently for fome: thefe
‘Trees (he fays) wete growing at the
Foot of a {mall Hill, on the Top of
the Mountains, and amongf the
Snow. Thefe, having very largé
Branches, do commonly bend thé
Tree to one Side ; but.are extended

ta

2 |
toa great Length, and in fo deli-
pa ‘pleafant Order, ‘as if they
were trimm’d, and made even, with
great Diligence ; by which they are
-eafily diftinguifh’d at a great -Di-
ftance from: Fir-trees. The Leaves
{continues he) are very like to thofe
of the Larch-tree, growing clofe
together in little Bunches, upon fmall
brown Shoots.
Maundrel, in-his Travels, fays,
- there were but 16 large Trees re-
maining, when he vifited the Moun-
tains, fome of which were of a
prodigious Bulk; but that there
were many more young Trees of a
{maller Size: he mea{ur’d one of
the largeft, and found it to be 12
Yards 6 Inches in Girt, and yet
found, and 37 Yards in the Spread
of its Boughs. At about five or fix
- Yards from the Ground it was di-
vided into five Limbs, each of
which was equal to.a great Tree.
What Maundre/ hath related, was
confirmed to me by’a worthy Gen-
tleman of my Acquaintance, who
was there in the Year 1720. with
this Difference only, vx. in the Di-
menfions of the Branches of the
largeft Tree, which he affured me
_ ke meafur’d, and found to be twenty-
~ two Yards Diameter. Now, whether
Mr. Maundrel meant thirty-feven
Yards in Circumference of thefpread-
ing Branches, or the Diameter of
them, cannot be determined by his
_ Expreffions ;. yet neither of them
well agrees with my Friend’s Ac-
count. |
Monfieur /e Brun. reckons about
‘thirty-five or thirty-fix Trees re-
maining upon Mowat Libanus, when
he was there ; and would perfuade
us it was mot eafy to reckon their
Numbers (as is reported of our
Stonehenge on Salifobury Plain). He
alfo fays, their Cones do fome of
them grow dependent. Which is

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abundantly confuted by the abore-
mention’d Travellers, as alio frou
our own Experience; for all the
Cones grow upon the Upper-part
of the Branches, and ftand ere@,
having a flrong woody central Stvle,
by which it is firmly annex’d ts
the Branch, fo as with Difficulty to
be taken off ; which central Style
remains upon the Branches after the
Cone is fallen to Pieces; fo that
they never drop off whole, as the
Pines do. ,

The Wood of this famous Tree

is accounted proof againft all Putre-
faction of animal Bodies: the Saw-
duft of it is thought to be one of the
Secrets ufed by thofe Mountebanks
who pretend to have the embalm-
ing Myftery. This Wood is alfo
faid to yield an Oil which is famous
for preferving Books and Writings 5
and the Wood is thought, by the
Lord Bacon, to continue above a
thoufand Years found. It is alfo re-
corded, that in the Temple of Apo/-
fa at Urica, there was found Timber
of near two thoufand Years old.
And the Statue of the Goddefs, in
the famous Ephcfan Temple, was
faid to be of this Material alfo, as
was moit of the Timber-work of
that glorious Stru@ure.
This Sort of Timber is very dry,
and fubjeét to fplit; nor does it
well endure to be faften’d with
Nails, from which it wfually fhrinks ;
therefore Pins of the fame Wood
are much preferable.

LARKSPUR. Vide Delphinium.

LASERPITIUM, Laferwort.

The CharaGers are ;

It hath an umbellated Flower,
compofed of five Leartbapcd Leaves,
which are equal, and expand in form
of a Rofe, and ref on the Empaje-
ment, which afterward turns to a
Fruit compafed of tauo Seeds, which
are gibbous on ome Side, with four

large

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darge foliaceous Wings, which ex-

tend the Length of the Fruit, and are
feaped like a Water-mill,
The Species are 5

1. Lasereitium foli?s latioribus
lobatis. Mor. Umbel. Laferwort with
broader Leaves.

2. LaserPitium /foliis ampliori-
bus, Jemine crifpo. Inft. R. H. Lafer-
wort with large Leaves, and curl’d
Seeds.

3. LaserPitium humilius, palu-
dapit folio, flore albo. Inf. R. H.
Lower Laferwort, with a Smallage-
leaf, and a white Flower.

4. Laserpitium Gallicum. C.
B.P. French Laferwort.

5. Laserpitium anguftifime &
oblongo folio. Inf. R. H. Laferwort
with a very narrow oblong Leaf.

6. Lassrpitium felinoides, /fe-
mino crifpo. Inf. R. H. Laferwort
refembling fweet Smallage, with a
curl’d Seed.

7. LaserPitium anguflifolium,
umbella contra&a J concava. Inf.
R. H. Narrow-leav’d Laferwort,
with a contracted and hollow Um-
bel.

8. Laserpitium Oricntale, foliis
Sefeleas Maffilienfis, fore lutea. Cor.
Inf. R. H. Eaftern Laferwort, with
Leaves like the Marfeilles Hart-
wort, and a yellow Flower.

There are feveral other Varieties
of this Plant, which are enumerated
in Botanic Authors; but fome of
them only differ in the Colour of
their Flowers, and the Indentures
of their Leaves; fo muft not be
deemed as diftinét Species. Indeed
the Number of Species has been
greatly leffen’d by fome late Wri-
ters, who have erred as much in
lefiening, as thofe before them had
done in multiplying, of the Species;
which Miftake they may have fallen
into by fowing of the Seeds. near
old. Piants of the fame Genus, or

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on Ground where fome of thefe
Sorts have grown; fo that their
Seeds have been fcattered and buried
in the Ground, where they will re-
main two or three Years, and after-
ward. grow; fo that unlefs their
Seeds are fown ata Diftance from
any of the other Species, there will
always be a Mixture. of Plants come
up, whereby People have been often
confus'd in diftinguifhing thefe
Plants; nay, I have frequently ob-
ferved the Seeds of one Species fall,

-and the Plants come up on the Head

of another Plant which grew near
it; and this young Plant, if not
timely rooted out, has gotten the
better of the old Plant, and deftroy-
edit: where there is not great Care
taken to prevent this, the different
Sorts cannot be preferved in Gar-
dens where the Species grow near
each other,

It is generally fuppofed, that the
Silphium of the Antients was pro-
cured from one Species of this Ge-
nus; but from which of them we
are at prefent ignorant. All the
Species, if wounded, drop a very
acrid Juice, which turns to a refin-
Ous gummous Subftance very acri-
monious. This was externally ap-
plied by the Antients to take away
black and blue Spots that came by
Bruifes and Blows, as alfo to take
away Excrefcences: it was alfo by
fome of the Antients prefcribed in.
internal Medicines; byt others have
cautioned People not’ to make ufe ©
of it this way, from the Effects
which they mention to have feen
produced from the Violence of its
Acrimony.

All thefe Plants are extreme har-
dy ; fo will thrive in moft Soils and
Situations. They are propagated by
Seed, which if fown inthe Autumn, »
the Plants will come up the follow-
ing Spring ; but when they are fown

in

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$n the Spring, the Seeds commonly

remain in the Ground a wholeYear.
~The Plants fhould be tranfplanted

the followiag, Autumn, where they
are defigned to remain; for they
fend’ out long ‘deep Roots, which
are frequently broken: when the
old Plants are removed, they fhould
be planted three Feet afunders for
the Plants grow very large. ‘They
decay tothe Ground every Autumn,
and come up again the following

Spring ; but the Roots will continue
‘many Years, and require no other

Culture, but to clear them from

Weeds, and to dig between the Roots

every Spring. ;

LATHYRUS, Chichling Vetch.

The Charaéers are ;

It hath a papilionaceous Flower,
«ent of whofe Empalement rifes the
— Pointal, cover’d with a membrana-
ceous Sheath, which afterward be-
comes a Pod, fometimes round, fome-
timtes cylindrical, and-at other times
angular : to which may be added, It
hath acomprefs'd Stalk, with a raif-
éd Rib, and a leafy Border; and has
only one Pair of Leaves, growing on
the Nerves, which terminates in a
Lendril.

The Species are s

1. Laruyrus Jatifolius. C. B.
Broad-leav'd or common Everlaiting-
Peas.“
| 2. Latuyrus /atifolius minor,

lore majore. Boerh. Ind. Lefier broad-
leav’d Everlafting-Peas, with a larger

Flower.

3. Laruyrus major Narbonenfis
—«angufiifolius. C.B. Greater narrow-
leav'd Everlafting-Peas.
- 4. Laruyrus arwenfis repens tu-

berofus. C. B Creeping Chichling, or
Peas Earth-nur, with atuberofeRoot.
_ §- Laruyrus Tiagitanus, fili-
quis worobi, fiore amplo ruberrimo.
| Mor. Hift. Tangier Chichling, with
a large deep-red Flower.

Vou. If.

LA |

6. Laruyrus diftoplatyshyllus
bir futus mollis, maguo FP peramano
Store odsro, Hort. Cath. Broad-leav’d
hairy foft Chichling, with a large
and very beautiful purple f{weet~
{melling Flower, commonly call’d
Sweet-{cented Peas.

7. Laruyrus fativus, fore fru-
Guque allo, C. B. P. Garden Chich-
ling Vetch, with white Flowers and
Fruit. |

8. Latuyrus /ativus, flore pur-
pureo. C. B. P. Garden Chichling
Vetch, with a purple Flower.

9g: Latuyrus flvefris major.
C. B. P. Great, wild Chichling
Vetch. f

10, Laruyrus /lvefiris major,
Pore atro-purpureo. Inf. R. H. Great
wild Chichling Vetch, witha dark-
purple Flower.

11. Latuyrus Jatifelius, flere
aloo. Inf, R. H. Everlafting-Pea,
with a white Flower.

12, Latuyrus enguftifolius, fe-
mize maculofo. C. B. P, Narrow-
leav’d Chichling Vetch, with a fpot-
ted Seed.

13. Latruyrus anguftifimo folto,
Americarus varicgatus. C. 8. P. The
moft narrow-leav’d American Chich-
ling Veich, with a variegated Flow-
er. ;

14. LaTHyrRus annuus, fore ce-
raleo, ochri filiqua. H. L. B. Annual
Chichling Vetch, with a blue Flow-
er, and a Pod fhaped like Ochrus.

15. Latruyrus Beticus, flre
duteo. Park. Theat. Spanifh Chich-
ling Vetch, with a yellow Flower.

16. Latuyrus luteus latifolius, -

Bot. Monfp. Broad-leav’d yellow
Chichling Vetch. the
17. Latuyrus angu/fifolius, filz-
gua birjuta.C B.P. Narrow-leay’d
Chichling Vetch, with an hairy
Pod. a
18. Lavnyrus /atifolius annuus,
filiqua articulata birfutiore, H. R,
Bbb Par

ee

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Par. Broad-leav’d annual Chichling

Vetch, with a very rough-jointed
Pod. |

19" Latruyrus angufiffimo folio,
Semine rotundo. H. R. Par, Narrow-
leav’d Chichling Vetch, witha round
Seed. .

20. Latuyrus anguftifimo folio,
femine angulcfo. H. R. Par. Narrow-
Jeav’d Chichling Vetch, with an
angular Seed.

The three firft Sorts are abiding

Plants, which fend forth ftrong

downright Roots very deep into the
Earth; for which -Reafon they
fhould not be often removed, which
would prevent their growing ftrong,
or producing many Flowers.

_ They are propagated by Seeds,
which fhould be fown in the mid-
dle of March, upon a Bed of light
frefh Earth; covering them about
half an Inch deep. But the be& Me-
thod is, to make a fhallow Drill an
the Ground, and then drop the
Seeds therein, about fix Inches Di-
flance : thefe Drills fhould be a Foot
afunder, for the Conveniency of
hoeing and cledning the Ground
between them ; which muft conftant-
ly be done, otherwife the Weeds
will overbear and deftroy them:
but they will require no farther

Care, being very hardy Plants, un-

til the Spring following ; at which
time (vis. in March ) juit before they
begin to fheot, the Roots fhould be
carefully taken up, and tranfplanted
where they are to continue, placing
them at teaft three Feet afunder ;
otherwifé they will overrun each
Other, or whatever Plants ftand near
them. Ifthe Seafon fhould prove
dry, you muft give them fome Wa-
‘ter, to fettle the Earth to their
Roots ; which fhould be now-and-
then repeated, if it continue dry
Weather, until the Plants have ta-

ker. Root: after which, they wil

se ee i — . - C4 ee

LA
requite no farther Culture but
keep them clear from Weeds, and
in the Summer to fupport them with
ftrong Stakes, otherwife they will
trail upon the Ground, and rot the
Branches, and deftroy whatever
Plants grow near them.

‘Thefe Plants are very proper to
plant againft a dead Hedge, where
they will run over it ; and if they
be kept train’d up, will cover it in
the Summer, and in fuch Places
they will produce great Quantities
of Flowers; but if they are planted
in a Flower-garden, they mutt have
a great deal of room; and in Sum-
mer fhould have very ftrong Stakes
placed down by ‘them, to which
they muft be clofely faften’d, other-
wiie they will ramble, and trail up-
on the Ground, and appear very
unfightly; for if the Ground be
good in which they are planted,
and the Roots are very ftrong, they
will fometimes grow eight or ten
Feet high in a Seafon, and produce

abundance of Flowers; which are

very ornamental in Bafons or Pots
of Flowers, to place in Chimneys,
or other Parts of large Rooms.
Thefe produce their Flowers in Fuze
and ‘uly, and their Seeds are per-
fected in Auguf; their green Leaves
decay in Autumn, and rife again
the fucceeding Spring, their Roots
continuing good for many Years:
they delight moft in a light Soil,
not toodry, norover-wet; but will
grow in almoft any Soil or Situa-
tion, but beft in that which is ex-
pos’d to the Sux. :
The firft Sort is moft commonly
cultivated in the Eng Gardens ;
but the fecond is much preferable
to that, as being of hnmbler Growth,
never rifing above five Feet high, —
and fo is more proper for Flower- _
gardens ; and the Flowers aremuch ~
larger, and of a deeper red Colour,

_ tl an a al JS aap’ hy,

LA

thd. are ‘commonly produced in
larger Clufters. The third Sort is

feldom propagated in Flower-gar-
dens, though for Variety it fhould
have a Place amongft other large
Plants. The Flowers of this Kind
are fmaller, and of a purple Co-
jour.

The tuberdfe-roctéd Sort is pre-

ferv’d as a Curiofity in many Gar-

dens, tho’ there is no great Beauty
in its Flowers. This may be propa-
gated either by Seeds, as the others,
or by its Roots, which increafe very
faft under-ground ; and is an abiding
Plant, but fhould not be placed
among other curious Flowers; for
the Roots, propagating under-
ground, will come up, and fpread
over whatever Plants grow near
them. ‘The Roots of this Sort are
commonly eaten in Holland, where
the Plant is frequently cultivated in
their Kitchen-gardens. Thefe Roots
are about the Size of a Nutmeg ;
and, when foafted, have the Tatte
of Cheftnuts.

The fifth and fixth Sorts are an-
nual Plants, which are propagated
only by Seeds: thefe. may be fown
in March, in the Places where they
are to remain for good; being
Plants that feldom will grow, if
tranfplanted, except it be done
while they are vety young. Thefe
fhould be either fown near a Pale,
Wall, or Efpalier, to which they
may be train‘d; or if fown in the
open Borders, fhould have Stakes
placed by them, to which they
fhould be faften’d; otherwife they

_ will trail upon the Ground, and

appear very unfightly ; which is the
only Culture thefe Plants require,
except the‘ clearing them from
Weeds. They produce their Flow-
ers in July, and their Seeds are per-
fected: in Auguf? and September.

But the beit Method to have them

LA
very fitong is, to fow their Sceds
in Auguf?, under a warm Wall or
Hedge; where they will, come up
in Autumn, and abide the Winter
very well ; and thefe will begin to
flower. in May, and continue to pro-
duce frefh Flowers until Fu, or
later, according to the Heat of the
Seafon: and one of thefe autumnal
Plants will be as large as four or five
of thofe fown in the Spring, and
produce ten times the Nomber of
Flowers; and upon thefe Plants you
will always have good Seeds; whén
fometimes the other will mifcarry ;
however, it is very proper to fow
their Seeds at two or three different

Seafons, in order to continue their ©

Flowers the longer ; for the late-
planted ones will continue blowing
until die Froft prevents them.

The {fweet-fcented Sort is the
moft valuable; both for the Beauty
and Fragrancy of its Flowers.

OF this Sort there are two other
Varieties: one of thefe has pale-
red Flowers, which is commonly
called by the Gardeners, Painted-
lady Peas; the other hath intire
white Flowers: both thefe may be

allowed a Place in the Borders of

the Flower-garden, for the fake of
Variety.

The feventh Sort here mentioned
is frequently cultivated for Ufe in
feveral Parts of Europe; but in Eng-
land it is rately to be met with, un-
lefs it be in Botanic Gardens; where
it is preferved for the fake of Vas
riety. This Plant may be cultivated
in the fame manner as Tares, and
may be ufed for the fame Purpofes 5
but the beft Method is; to fow them
in Drills about eighteen Inches afun-
der, and keep the Ground hoed wich
a Plough to deftroy the Weeds be-
tween the Rows, in the fame man-.

netas is practifed for Peas; by which

Wiethod the Plants will thrive ex-
b 2 ceed-

:

ee

ee og on een ee Oe ae

yA
eeedingly, and become a great Im-

provement to poar fandy Land.
The eighth Sort isa Variety of the

~ fevetith, from which it only differs

in the Colour of the Flower ; this
having a fine purple Flower, arid is
by many Perfons fowen in Gardens
by way of Ornament. If the Seeds
of this Sort are fowen in Autumr,
the Plants will come up, and abide
the Winter very well; fo will flower
the following May ; but if the Seeds
are fown in Spring, the Plants will
not Hower till Fu/y or Augu/?: fo that
by fowing at the two different Sea-
fons, thefe may be continued in
Beauty for feveral Months.

The ninth Sort has been by fome

. Perfons fown for Feed for Cattle :

but it doth not anfwer near fo well
for this Purpofe as the firft Sort ; fo
is not worth cultivating. ‘The tenth
‘Sort is a Variety of the firft, from
which it differs in the Colour of the
Flower; fo is preferved by the Cu-
rious in Botany, for the fake of Va-
riety.

Theeleventh SortisaVarietyof the
common Everlafting-Pea : the Flow-
ers of this, being white, are preferv-
ed by feveral Perfons for the Variety;
but it is not fo beautiful as the com-
mon Sort. This may be propagated
in the fame manner as is directed for
the cofimon Sort.

The nine following Sorts are pre-
ferved in fome curious Gardens for

‘ the Variety of their Flowers. Thefe

may all of thetn be propagated by
fowing their Seeds, either in Spring
or Autumn; but thofe which are
fowen in Autumn fhould have a light
Soil, and a warm Situation, where
the Plants: will abide the Winter, and
come to flower eatly the following
Spring, and their Seeds will ripen in
Fuly: but thofe which are fown in
the Spring, fhould have an open Ex-
pofure, and may be planted upon al-

GLB

moft any Soil ; for they are not very

tender Plants iri their Culture: Thefe
Sorts fhould all of them be fown
where they are defigned to remain 5
for they feldom fucceed, when they
are tranfplanted: {o that where they
are fown for Ornament, there fhould
be fix or eight Seeds fown in a {mall
Patch, in differentParts of the Borders
of the Flower-garden; and when the
Plants come up, they fhould be care-
fully kept clear from Weeds; butwhen
they are grown two or three Inches

- high, there fhould be fome Sticks

put down by them to fupport them 3
otherwife they will trail on. the
Ground, and become unfightly ; be-
fides, they will trail on whatever
Plants grow near them,
LAVATERA.
The CharaGers are ;

The Leaf, Flower, Style, and Cup
of the Flower, have the Appearance
of a Mallow : the Style becomes a
Fruit, which is arm’d inFront with an
hollow Shield ; the Seeds, which are
Joaped like a Kidney, growing to the
inner Part. ,

The Species are 3

1, Lavatera folio & facie al-
thee. Tourn, Lavatera with the ~
Leaf and Face of Marfhmallow.

z. LavatTera folio & facie al-
thea, fore albo. Lavatera with the
Leaf and Face of Marfhmallow, and
a white Flower. :

3. Lavatera Africana, fore
pulcherrimo. Boerh. Ind. African La~ .
vatera, with a moft beautiful Flower. ~

4. LavatTera foliis owate-lan- ~
ceolatis, inferne angulatis, pedunculis
unifioris, caule berbaceo. Flor. Leyd. —
Lavatera with oval fpear-fhaped
Leaves, the under Leaves angular,
one Flower upon each Footftalk,
and an herbaceous Stalk, common- —
ly called, Mallow with variable
Leaves. <3

Thefe are all annual Plants, which

aré

a

ae Oy
are ticgs Sorte by Seeds: the Sea-
fon for fowing them is in March,
_ upon a Bed of frefh light Earth ; and
when the Plants are come up, you
muft carefully clear them from
Weeds; and, in very dry Weather,
they muft be now-and-then refrefh'd
with Water. .When they are about
two Inches high, you muft tranf-
plant them into the Places where
they are defign’d to remain, which
fhould be in the middle of the Bor-
ders in the Flower-garden ; for, if
the Soil be good, they will grow
two or three Feet high: in tranf-
planting them, you muft take them
up very carefully, preferving a Ball
of Earth to their Roots, other-
wife they are apt to mifcarry:
and alfo water and fhade them until
they have taken Root; after which
they will require no other Care but
- to clear them from Weeds, and to
faften them to Stakes, to prevent
their being injur’d by ftrong Winds.
You may alfo fow their Seeds in Au-
tumn; and when the Plants are
come up, tranfplant them into {mall
Pots, which, toward the End of
O&ober, fhould be placed into acom-
mon Hot -bed- frame, where the
Plants, being defended from fevere
Frofts, will abide the Winter very
‘well; and in the Spring, you may
fhake them out of the Pots, and plant
them into larger, or elfe into the full
Ground, where they may remain to
flower. The Plants, thus manag’d,
will be larger, and flower ftronger
and earlier, than thofe fown in the
Spring; and from thefe you will
conftantly have good Seeds ; where-
as thofe fown in the Spring fome-
times mifcarry. When the Seeds of
thefe Plants are fown in the Spring,
it fhould be in the Place where they
are to remain; for they do not well
bear removing in the Summer.
Thefe produce their Flowers in

_

LA
Sune, Fuly, and dugufz; and ther.
' Seeds ripen foon after.

They are very ornamental Plants
in a fine Garden, when placed among
other Annuals, either in Pots or Bor-
ders: their Flowers are very like
thofe of the Mallow; but are larger,
and of a more beautiful Colour.

LAVENDULA, Lavender.

The CharaGers are;

It is one of the verticillate Plants,
whofe Flower confifts of one Leaf,
which is divided into two Lips: the
Upper-lip, fanding upright, is roundifh,
and for the moft part bifid; but the
Under-lip is cut into three Segments,
which are almoft equal: thefe Flow-
ers are difpofed in Whorles, aud are
collected into a lender Spike upon the
Top of the Stalks.

The Species are ;

1. Lavenputa Jatifelia. C. B.
Common broad-leav’d Lavender.

2. Lavenpua anguftifolia, CB.
Common narrow-leav’d Lavender,
commonly call’d Spike-lavender. ,

3. Lavenpua latifolia frerilis.
Mor. Hit, Broad -leav’d barren
Lavender.

4. LavenpDuLa angaftifolig, fore
allo. C. B.P. Narrow-leav’d La-
vender, with white Flowers.

5. Lavenputa folio diffedo. C.
B. Cut-leav’d Lavender.

6. LavenvuLa folio diffe, flore
albo. Boerh. Ind. Cut-leav’d Laven-
der, with a white Flower.

7. Lavexpura folio songiore,
tenuius F elegantius diffeéio. Tourn,
Lavender with a longer and more
beautiful fine-cut Leaf, commonly
cali’d Canary Lavender.

8. Lavenputa latifolia Indica
fubcinerea, {pica breviore. H. R. Par.
Broad-leav’d Jndian Lavender, with
a fhort Spike. .

g. Lavenvuta latifolia Hifpa-
nica tomentofa. Inf. R. H. Broad
leav'd woolly Spanifo Lavender.

Bbb 3 9. La-

LA ’

10. Lavenputa latifolia, flre

albo. C. B. P. Broad-leav’d Laven-
der, with a white Flower.

“The firft of thefe Species, tho’

very common in moit Parts of Eu-
rope, yetin England is rarely to be
found, notwithitanding it is as eafily
propagated asany of the other Sorts.

The fecond is the moft common
Sort in the Exgli/> Gardens, being
propagated for medicinal Ufes, e.

The third Sort is a Degeneracy
from the fecond, having much broad-
er and greener Leaves, but rarely
ever flowers while it continues with
the Leaves broad; but whenever it
flowers, the Leaves of that Part of
the Plant become narrow again.

The fourth Sort is alfo a Variety
of the fecond, from which it differs
in the Colour of tbe Flowers ; which
n this Sort are white, and thofe of
the fecond are blue.

Thefe are all propagated by Cut-
tings or Slins; the beft Seafon for
which is in March, when you fhould
plant them in a fhady Situation, or
at leaft fhade-them with Mats until

~ they have taken Root; after which

they may be expofed to the Sun, and
when tiey have obtain’d Strength,
may be remov'd to the Places where
they are defign’d to remain. Thefe
Plants will abide the longeft in a dry,
gravelly, or ftony Soil, in which they
wil! endure our fevereft Winters ;
though they will grow much fafter
in the Summer, if they are planted
upon a rich light moift Soil; but
then they are generally deftroy’d in
Winter; nor are the Plants half fo
ftrong-fcented, or fit for medicinal
Ufes, as thofe which grow upon the
moft barren rocky Soil.

The firft and fecond Sorts may

- alfo be propagated. from Seeds,

which fhould be fown in March up-
ona dry undung’d Soil; and when
the Plants are come up, they mutt

fF

. LA

be carefully clear'd from Weeds,
until they are about two Inches
high ; when they fhould be tranf-
planted into other Beds, allowing
them a Foot Diftance each Way : in

thefe Beds they may remain to be-

cut for Ufe; or you may afterwar

tranfplant them into dry Borders or
Beds, in any other Place where you
would have them ftand, obferving
never to dung the Ground where
they are planted; which would caufe
them to grow vigoroufly in Sum-

_mer, but will haften their Decay, as

was before obferv’d.

The eighth Sort is mentioned in
moft of the Books on Botany, asa
diftin&t Species ; but I rather believe
it to be only a Variety of the third
Sort; for I have often found this tq
vary in the famemanner as that.

The tenth Sort is a Variety of the
firft, from which it only differs in
the Colour of the Flowers. Ae

The ninth Sort hath woolly
Leaves and Branches, in which it
differs fram the firft Sort; bat this,

when planted in a rich Soil, will al- -

ter; and js often fo like the firft, as
hardly to be diftinguifh’d from it.
Thefe may be propagated in the

fame manner as the common La~ |

vender, and are equally hardy.

Thefe Plants were formerly in —
Ufe to make Edgings to Borders in ~
Gardens ; for which Purpofe they

are by no means proper ; for theywill

grow too large for fuch Defigns;

and if they are often cut in very dry

Weather, they are fubje&t to decay 5
and in hard Winters they are very —

often kill’d, fo that the Edging will

not be complete: befides, thefe —

Plants greatly exhauf the Goodnefs
of the Soil, whereby the Plants:in the
Borders will be depriv’d of their
Nourifhments fo that they fhould
never be planted in a fine Garden
amongft other choice Plants and

. . Flowers,

\

:
| ?

LA
Flowers, but rather be placed in

. oe: in the Phyfic-garden. ‘Thefe

Plants producetheir Flowers in Fune
and Fuly ; at which time they fhould
be gather’d, and dry’d in a fhady
Place, and preferved dry for Ufe.
The fifth and fixth Sorts are com-
monly fown every Spring on Borders
or Beds of frefh light Earth ; and
when:the Plants come up, they may
be tranfplanted into other Borders
of the Flower-garden, or into Pots,
to remain for good ; where they will
produce their Flewers in uly and
Augufi, and their Seeds are ripe foon
after. Thefe are pretty Plants to
place in large Borders, amongit other
Plants, for Variety; but they are
never ufed with us: they may alfo

_ be preferved. over the Winter, if

si”

pass intoa Green-houfein Autumn:
ut they feldom continue longer
than two Years with us, and many
times (if they have produced Seeds
the firft Year) they will not continue
longer. Thefe Plants will fome-
times grow from Cuttings ; but then
the Cuttings muft be frong, and in-
clinable to be woedy ; for if they
are very foft and fpongy, they fel-
dom fucceed ; aad they fhould alfo

_ be placed upon a moderate Hot-bed,

which will greatly promote their
taking Root. This Method is fome-

_ fimes neceffary to preferve the Sorts, -
_ which might otherwife bein Dan-

‘ ‘e~
ger of being loft.
The feventh Sort is tenderer than
either of the former; fo the Seeds of
this muft. be fown on a moderate

_. Hot-bed in the Spring ; and when

the Plants come up, they fhould be
eath planted into a feparate {mall
Pot filled with light Earth, and
plunged into another Hot-bed, to
bring the Plants forward; and in
the Beginning of Fuze, they fhould
be inured to the open Air, ‘where

they fhould be placed in a thel-

je i LA

‘tered Situation toward the End

of that Month: in Fu/y the Plants
will flower, and if the Autumn
proves warm, the Seeds will ripen in
September : but when they do not
perfect Seeds, the Plants may be pre-
ferved through the Winter in a goad
Green-houfe; where (hey will pro-
duce Flowers moft Part of that Sea-
fon, and the next Seafon good Seeds
may be obtained.

The Leaves of this Sort are much
finer cut than thofe of the other;
and there are feveral Spikes of
Flowers growing clofely together at
the Extremity of the Branches; by
both which it is eafily diftinguifhed
from the other Sort, tho’ fome Per-
fons have fuppofed they were not
different Plants.

LAUREOLA, Vide Thymelea.

LAUROCERASUS. Vide Padus,

LAURUS, The Bay-tree.!

The CharaGers are;

It hath a Flower confifting of one
Leaf, which is foaped like a Tunnel,
and divided into four or five Segments:
the Male Flowers (which are pro-
duced on feparate Trees fram the Fe-
male) have eight Stamina, which are
branched into Arms: the Ovary of
the Female Flowers becomes a Berry,
inclofing a fingle Seed within an horny
Shell, which is covered with a Shine

The Species are;

1. Laurus vulgaris.C.B. The
common Bay, with Male Flowers.

z. Laurus wulgaris famina,
Boerh. Ind. The common fruit-
bearing Bay-tree.

3. Laurus vulgaris, folio elegan-
tifime variegato aurco. Boerh, Ind,
The Gold-ftriped Bay-tree, vz/go.

4. Laurus valgaris, folio undu-
lato. H.R. Par. The common Bay- .
tree, with waved Leaves, and Male
Flowers. . +

5. Laurus vulgaris, folio undu-
lato, famina, Boerb.. Ind. The

Bbb 4 - Berry-

LA
Berry-bearing Bay-tree, with waved
Leaves. ~ |

6. Laurus tenuifolia. Fab. Icon.
Mas. The narrow-leav’d Bay,
with Male Fowers.

3. Laurus tenuifolia femina.
Boerh. Ind. The narrow-leav'd Berry-
bearing Bay-tree. |

8. Laurus Jatiori folio. Lugd.
Mas. The broad-leav’d Bay-tree,
with Male Flowers.

Laurus latifolia foemina.,

_ Ind. The broad-leav'd Berry-bear--

ing Bay-tree.

10. Laurus Indica. Hort. Farnef.
Ald, The broad-leav'd Indian Bay-
tree, commonly call’d Wild Cinna-
_ mon. )

11, Laurus foliis integris & tri-
dobatis, Lin. Hort: Cliff. ‘The Saffa-
fras-tree.

42, Laurus foliis enervibus ob-
werfe ovatis utringue acutis integris
annuis. Lin. Hort. Cliff. ‘The Ben-
jamin-tree.

13. Laurus foliis ovatis utrinque

acuminatis trincrviis nitidis, petiolis
laxis. Lin. Hort. Cliff. The Cam-
phor-tree.
' 74. Laurus Americana mas, fo-
kis fubrotundis, floribus in capitulum
colleGis. Houft. MSS. Male Ameri-
ean Bay, with roundifh Leaves, and
Flowers collefted in an Head.

15. Laurus Americana faemina,

obits (ubrotundis, fruZu albo umbel-
Jato. Houji. MSS. Female Americon
Bay, with roundifh Leaves, and
white Fruit growing in an Um-
bel. ’ |

The firft and fecond Sorts are old
Tahabitants of the Exgli/4 Gardens ;
and as they are Varieties obtained
from the fame Seeds, fo they are
promifcuoufly evltivated, and are

not to be diftinguifhed afunder, until |

they have produced Flowers.
Fhefe Plants are propagated either
from Seeds, or by laying down the

BA,

tender Branches, which will take
Root in one Year’s time, and ma
then be taken off, and tranfplanted
either into-a Nurfery, or the Places |
where they are defign’d to remain.
Thefe Trees are often propagated
from Suckers, which they put out in
plenty from their Roots (efpecially
thofe Trees which were produced
from Suckers) : but thefe never grow
fo large, nor are fo handfome, as
thofe which are raifed from the Ber-
ries: and as thefe are very fubjeét to
put out Suckers from their Roots, fo
they {pread, and fill the Ground with
young Plants ; whereby the princf-
pal Plants are ftarved, and make but
little Progrefs. But if you would
propagate them from Seeds, you
muit gather them from the Trees in
November (at which time they com-
monly are ripe), and preierve them
in Sand until the Beginning of
March, when you muft prepare a
Bed of light dry Earth, which fhould
be fituated in a warm Place, where
the Plants may be defended from the
North and Ea Winds. This Bed
mult be levell’d exaétly even, and
then draw fome Furrows crofs it at
about eight Inches Diftance, and an
Inch deep, into which you fhould
drop the Seeds, about two Inches
afunder; then cover them with
Earth ; and if the Seafon fhould
prove very dry, you muft often re-
frefh them with Water. In about
two Months time the young Plants
will appear above - ground, when
you muft carefully clear them from
‘Weeds ; and in dry Weather if you
refrefh them with Water, it will
greatly promote their Growth, Jn
thefe Beds they hhould continue two
Years, by which time they will be
large enough to tranfplant; yoa
mutt therefore make choice of a
warm dry, Spot of Ground, which
thould be well dig, and cleans’d

. from

LA

- from Weeds, and Roots of Trees,
€fc. and aid even; then mark out
the Lines three Feet diftant from
each other ; and having taken up the
Plants carefully with a Ball of Earth
to their Roots, you muft p!ant them
exadtly ftrait in the Rows, at eigh-
teen Inches afunder, obferving to
water them well, as alfo to lay fome
Mulch upon the Surface of the
Ground, near the Stems, to pre-
ferve the Ground from drying too
fait. ‘The beft Seafon for removing
thefe Trees is in April, juit before
_ they begin to fhoot, or ina dry Soil
about Michaelmas.

During the time thefe Plants re-
main in the Nurfery, you muft ob-
ferve to keep them clear from Weeds,
digging the Ground between the
Rows every Spring ; as alfo to faiten
the Shoots of the Plants to ftrait
Stakes, to prevent their growing
crooked and unfightly.; and alfo ob-
ferve to prune off the Under-fhoots,
to make them advance in Height:
but I can by no means recommend
the fhearing of thefe Plants into coni-
cal or pyramidal Figures (as is often
prattifed) for the fame Reafon as I
gave for the Laurel; viz. that the
Leaves, being large, are cut in Pie-
ces, whereby the Plants are render-
ed very unfightly ; but rather, that
they fhould be improved, fo as to
make large Trees, to which they are
naturally difpos'd to grow, could we
prevent the Shears from continually
gnawing them.

Thefe Trees are very proper to
plant upon the warm Sides of dry
Hills, where they may be proteéted
from the fevere Blafts of the North
and Eaft Winds; in which Situa-
tions I have feen fome of thefe Trees
upward of thirty Feet in Height,
which is a plain Indication of their
large Growth.

- Bat I know it will be objected,

‘oe

that thefe Trees are often deftroyed
by hard Winters, and fo are impro+

per to make large Plantations of in
England. That they have been
fometimes killed by fevere Winters,
I can’t deny : but if they are brought
up thus hardily, as has been direét-
ed, and not fhear’d, I dare affirm,
they will refift the feverelt Cold of
our Climate, when grown to a mo-
derate Age, provided they are plant-
ed in a dry Soil; in which, tho*
their Leaves fhould be intirely fhri-
vell’d by extreme Cold, yet if per-
mitted to remain undifturbed, and
not cut, they will fhoot again in the
fucceeding Summer, as I have more
than once experienced. Andin the
hard Winter, Anno 1739. when mofk
of the Bay-trees feemed to be de-
{troyed which grew abroad, and
many People were fo inconfiderate
as to dig them up, and throw them
away, it was obfervable, that all
thofe which were permitted to ftand
did fhoot out again in the fucceed-
ing Summer, and recovered their
ufual Verdure: which fhould cau-
tion every Perfon, not to be over-
hafty in condemning Trees to the
Fire, but to wait for the Succefs of
a whole Seafon, before they are pull-
ed up.

Bay-leaves dry’d, and reduced te
Powder, as much as will cover an
Half-crown, being drank ina Glafs of
White- wine, are {aid feldom to fail of
curing an Ague. Thefe Leaves arealfo
ufed in divers Sawcees in the Kitchen,

and the Berries are often ufed in Me-

dicine. » .
The Gold-ftriped Bay is much
more tender than the common Sort;
for which Reafon it mu‘t be planted
in Pots, and houfed in Winter with
Oranges, Myrtles, @c. and mutt be
placed fo as to have as much free
Air in mild Weather as poffible, and
will require to be frequently wa-
ter,

LA
tered. This Plant may be propa-
gated by Layers, or by budding it
apon the common Bay: but you
muft not plant it into very rich Earth,
which will caufe it.to grow vigo-
roufly, whereby it will become quite
plain; but, on the contrary, let it
have a frefh light fandy Soil, in
which it will very well preferve its
beautiful Stripe.

The 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and
g:h Sorts are commonly preferved

in Pots or Tubs, and placed in the

Green-houfe with Oranges, Myr-
tles, Se. But I dare fay, either of
thefe Sorts will thrive in the open
Air, if planted in a warm dry Soil,
and defended from the North and
Eaft Winds; but efpecially the broad-
leav’d Sort, which, I have experi-
enced, will endure more Cold than
the common Bay: but as they are
lefs common, {fo they are generally
preferved with more Care; tho’ they
may either of them be propagated
in as great Plenty either by Layers
or Seeds; for they will bear great
Plenty of Berries, provided they are
not kept fhear’d; and thefe Berries
will rife full as well, and, many
times, out-grow the common Bay,
as I have frequently obferved: fo
that why we have not thefe Trees in
as great Plenty as the common Sort,
is only owing to their not being pro-
pagated and planted abroad; moft
People imagining, becaufe they have
been hitherto treated with great
Care, that therefore they will not
endure the Cold: which is a great
Miftake; for we have found, by re-
peated Trials, which have beenmade
within a few Years pait, that many
of thofe Plants which had been nurf-
ed up in Green-houfes with great
Care (whéreby their Roots were con-
fin’d, and the Plants circumfcrib’d
and ftarv’d in their Growth), when
planted abroad, have made great

—.) * er ¢e2 =

i a a
LAD

Progrefs, and defy’d the moft fevere
Cold of our Climate to injure them :
which is a great Encouragement to
proceed in our Trials of this Kind ;
fince, by this Method, we may na-
turalize a great Variety of valuable
Trees and Plants to our Country,
which may hereafter be found of
great Benefit. Nor fhould we be
difcouraged, if, in the firt Attempr,
we fhould not fucceed fo well as we
might with ; for, by feveral Effays,
we may overcome the Difficulty;
and then the Pleafure of having de-
nizen’d any Exotic Trees, will fuf-
ficiently compenfate the Trouble,
fince hereby we eftablifh living Mo-
numents of Praife.

The Indian Bay is too tender ta
endure our cold Winters abroad as

yet: tho’ I doubt not but that when ©
thefe Plants are very ftrong and —

woody, and fome Care taken in their
firft Expofure, they may be brought
to thrivé.in- the open Air ; which if
once obtain’d, fo as to have Seeds
produced in Exgland, the Off-fpring

will be better inured to our Climate. —
And if this Plant can be once well.

naturaliz’d, fo as te grow as in the
warmer Parts of Eurgpe, it will be
one of the nobleft Ever-greens, for
Shade and Beauty, we ever obtain-

ed; for it is naturally a very ftrait.
growing Tree, and the Leaves are ~
~ very broad, and of a fhining-green

Colour, which renders it very agree-
able. :
This Plant is propagated by Seeds
_ (whic are eafily procured from Por-
tugal, where thefe Trees grow in
great Plenty); they fhould be put
into Pots filled with frefh light Earth,
and plunged into a gentle Hot-bed,
to facilitate their Growth ; and when
the Plants are come up, you fhould
remove the Pots into another mode-
rate Hot-bed, to forward them,
where they fhould remai® until the
| , Begin-

teginning of une, when you muf
harden them by degrees, to endure
fae open Air, into which they fhould
be removed about the Middle of that
Month, obferving to place the Pots
ina well-fheltered Situation ; and in
dry Weather you mutt often refrefh
them with Water. The Beginning
of OZober you muft remove the Pots
into the Green-houfe, placing them
near the Windows, that the Piants
may have as much free Air as_pof-
fible in mild Weather ; and obferve
that they do not fuffer with Drought;
for they will require to be frequent-
ly refrefhed with Water. In April
following you muft take the Plants
out of the Pots, preferving the Roots,
and put each intoa feparate Pot filled
with the before - mentioned frefh
light Earth: then plunge them into
a moderate Hot-bed for a Month or
fix Weeks, to haften their taking
- Root; which done, you:muft harden
them again, and expofe them to the
open Air, as before: and in Winter
they muft be houfed again, obferv-
ing the Dire@tions before given. Af-
_ ter five or fix Years thus managing
them (fill obferving every Year to
let them continue longer. out of the
Houfe in Autumn, than the precede-
ing), you fhould in 4pri/ plant fome
of them into the full Ground, in a
warm well-fheltered Situation, that
they may have good Rooting in the
Ground before the Winter comes
| on: and’in Autumn you muft laya
| little Mulch upon the Surface of the
_ Ground, to prevent the Froit from
| penetrating to their Roots: but if
the Winter following fhould prove

| fevere, you fhould twift a Band of

| Hay or Straw round their Stems,
| which will be of great Service to
| protect them from Cold: and after
they have endured two or three
Winters abroad, they will be pretty
| much out of Danger; for tho’ a very

|

p=

hard Winter may afterwards kill
fome of their Branches, yet they
will fhoot again the following Sum-
mer.

I had a large Plant of this Kind,

-which had been planted in the full

Ground in the Spring 1739. which
was killed to the Ground by the fol-
lowing hard Winter, and, as I then
imagin’d, totally deftroyed: but the
following Summer it put out from
the Roots very ftrong, and, had the
Stem of the Plant been defended, [
believe it would have put gut again
above.

The Saflafras-tree is a Native of
North- America, where it commonly
grows on lew fwampy Ground: it
never rifes to any great Height, nor
are their Stems very large; fo may
be ranged amongit the Shrubs: the

Roots of thefe Shrubs fpread under-

ground ; and in their native Soil put
out great Quantities of Suckers : but
in Exgland it is very difficult to pre-
ferve the Plants long; for in very
fevere Winters they are commonly
deftroyed by the Cold ; and in warm
dry Summers they are often killed,
by Drought, unlefs they are planted
in a very moift Soil: nor do thefe
Shrubs thrive. well when they are
fheltered in a Green-houfe in Win-
ter; therefore the beft Way is to
plaut them in the open Air, in a
fheltered Situation, and ‘a light moift
Soil, where they will thrive better
than with any other Management.:
in fuch Places I have feen fome of
thefe Plants upward of 'feven Feet
high, and pretty well furnifhed with
Branches.

This is commonly propagated by
the Berries, which are brought from
America (for they do not produce
any in Exgland); but thefe Berries
generally lie inthe Ground a whole
Year, and fometimes two or three
Years, before'they grow; therefore

: the

We |

a

the fureft Method of obtaining the

Pjants will be, to get the Berries put
into a Tub of Earth foon after they
are ripe, and fent over in the Earth;
and as foon as they arrive, to fow
the Berries on a Bed of light Ground,
putting them two Inches into the

Earth: and if the Spring fhould

prove dry, the Bed maft be fre-
quently watered, and fhaded from
the great Heat of the Sun in the
middle of the Day: with this Ma-
nagement many of the Plants will
come tp the firit Seafon: but as a
great many of the Berries will lie in
the Ground till the next Spring, fo
the Bed fhould not be difturbed, but
wait until the Seafon after, to fee
what will come up: the firft Winter
after the Plants come up, they fhould
be protected from the Frolt, efpe-
cially in the Autumn; for the firft
early Froft at that Seafon is apt to
pinch the Shoots of thefe Plants, and
do them more Injury than the fevere
Froft of the Winter ; for when the
extreme Part of the Shoots is kill-
ed, it generally affects the whole
Plant.

When the Plants have grown a
¥Year in the Seed-bed, they may be
tran{planted into a Nurfery, where
they may ftand one or two Years to
get Strength, and may then be tranf-
planted into the Places where they
@re to remain for good.

There have been fome of thefe
Plants propagated by Layers: but
thefe are commonly two, and fome-
times three Years before they put
out Roots : and if they are not duly
watered in dry Weather, they rare-
ly take Root ; fo that it is ancer-
tain, whether one in three of thefe
Layers do facceed; which makes
thefe Plants very, icarce in Ezg-
land. .

The.Wood 67 this Piant is fre-
quently ufed to make Tea, which is

pet tine es

LA |
efteemed a great Antifcorbutic : and _
in Caro/ina they frequently give a
Decoétion of the Wood and Leaves |
in Intermitting Fevers.
The Benjamin-tree is alfoa Na-
tive of North-America, and feldom —
grows much higher in that Country
than the Saffafras-tree : this has been
by fome Authors thought to be the |
Tree from whence the Benjamin of ©
the Shops was procured ; but that
Drug is brought from the Fa/-ln-
dies, andis the Gum of a’ Tree very —
different from this.

This Shrub is hardy enough to |
refift the Cold in Exgland; and if it
is planted on a moift Soil, will grow
to the Height of fourteen or fixteen’
Feet; and the Leaves will be large
and fair; but in dry Ground they
make but little Progrefs: this is ge-
nerally propagated by Layers; for
the Piants do not produce Seeds in
England: the Layers fhould be laid ~
down in Autumn; and if the Bran- ©
ches are flit, as is commonly prattif-
ed in laying of Carnations, they will
fucceed the better: in dry Weather —
thefe Layers muft be duly watered, —
otherwife they will not take Roots —
nor fhould they be difturbed until ©
the. fecond Year; for they rarely —
have {ufficient Reots for tranfplant- —
ing fooner.

ft may alfo be propagated by
Seeds, which may be procured from
Firginia, New-England, Carolina, —
or any of the Northern Parts of ~
America; and fhould be treated in
the fame manner as hath been direct-
ed for the Saffafras.

The Camphor-tree is a Native of
the Ifand of Borneo; but is- alfo
found in many Places on the Coaft of
Malabar, and upon feveral Iflands
in the South-Sea: this is too tender —
to live abroad in England, but may
be preferved thro’ the Winter ina
geod Green houfe ; and in the Sum-

_ Mere

LA

mer-feafon may be placed inthe open
Air, in a warm-fheltered Situation,
‘with other tender Exotic Plants.

This Tree is very near akin to the
|} Cinnamon-tree, from which it differs
Jin the Leaves, thofe of the Cinna-
‘mon-tree having three Ribs running
Plongitudinally from the Footttalk to
Wthe Point, which are temarkably
Jlarge; whereas the Ribs of the
} Leaves of this Treé are fmall, and
# extend toward the Sides, and have a
fmooth fhining Surface: they are

Trees ; fo that there is a Necefiity
for both Sexes to ftand near each
other, in order to have good Seeds.
In Europe this Tree is propagated
by Layers, which are two Years,
and fometimes longer, before they
take Root; fo that the Plants are
very fcarce; and as all thofe which
JT have feen flower are’ Male Trees,
| fo there can be no Hopes of pro-
| curing Seeds from them here: but
if the Berries of this, and alfo of the
‘Cinnamon-tree, were procured from
| the Places of their Growth, and
| planted in Tubs of Earth, as hath
| been directed for the Saffafras-tree,
there may be a Number of thefe
| Plants procured in Exgland: and if
they were fent to the Briziz/ Colo-
| nies in America, they might be there
® cultivated, fo as to become a public

mon-tree, which will grow as well
in fome of our Iflands in the We/-
| dndies, as it doth in the native Pla-
| ces of its Growth; and in a few
| Years the Trees might be had in
| Plenty ; for they propagate eafily
by the Berries, The Portuguese
| brought fome of thefe Trees from
| the Zaf-Indies, and planted them on
| the Ifland of Prizces, on the Coat of
Africa, where they now abound,
having fpread over a great Part of
the Iiland, sens |

both Male and Fema'e in different _

' Advantage; efpecially the Cinna- -

L A

The Campho?-tree is preferved is
feveral curious Gardens, as a rare
Plant: the Leaves when bruifed,
and the Wood, fimell very like the
Camphor of the Shops; and the
Leaves being of a fine fhining-green
Colour, and continuing all the Year,
the Plants make a good Appearance

in the Confervatory during the Win-

ter-feafon; and in Summer, when
the Plants are placed abroad, with
other tender Exotics, they add to
the Variety.

Thefe Plants do not require any
artificial Heat in Winter ; fo that if
they are placed in a warm dry Green-
houfe, they will thrive very well :
during the Winter-feafon they will
require to be frequently watered ;
but they ‘muft not have too much at
each time. Jn the Summer they
fhould be placed in a warm Situa-
tion, where they may be defended
from {trong Winds, and not too
much expofed to the direét Rays of
the Sun; and during this Seafon
they mutt have plenty of Water.

They may be propagated by lay-
ing down the young Branches in
Autumn, which fhould be treated in
the fame manner as is before direé-
ed for the Saffafras.

LAURUS ALEXANDRINA,
Vide Rufcus.

LAURUSTINUS. Vide Tinus. '

LAYERS: Many Trees may be
propagated by Layers, the Ever-
greens about Bartholomerw-tide, and
other ‘Trees about the Month of
O.Fcber.

This is to be performed by flitting’ |

the Branches a little Way, and lay-
ing them under the Mould about
half a Foot: the Ground fhoald firit
be made very light; and after they

are laid, they fhould havé a little:

Water given them.
If they do not comply well in the

laying of them down, they muft be,
pegged

<

.

LA
pegged down with an Hook or two;
and if they have taken fufficient
Root by the next Winter, they mutt
be cut off from the main Plants, and

planted in the Nurfery, as is di-.

rected about Seedlings.

Some twift the Branch, or bare
the Rind ; and if it be out of the
Reach of the Ground, they faften a
Tub or Bafket near the Branch,
- Which they fill with good Mould,
and lay the Branch in it.

Laying of Trees.
_ This Operation is thus perform-

1ft, Take fome of the Boughs, and
Jay them into the Ground about half
a Foot deep in fine frefh Mould, leav-
ing them with the End of the Layer
about a Foot, or a Foot and an half,
out of the Ground, and keep them
moift during the Summer - feafon,
and theywill probably have taken,
and be fit to remove, in Autumn;

and if they have not by that time

taken Root, they muft lie longer.

-2dly, Tie,a Piece of Wire hard
round the Bark of the Bough, at the
Place you intend to lay in the
Ground; and twift the Ends of the
Wire, fo that they may not untie ;
and prick the Place above the Wire
thro’ the Bark with an Awl in feve-
ral Places; and then lay it in the
Ground, as before direéted.

gdly, Cut a Slit upwards at a

Joint, as is praétfed im laying of
Carnations, which by Gardeners is
called Tonguing the Layers.

_ 4thly, ‘Twift the Place that you
defign to lay in the Ground like a
Withy, and lay it into the Ground
as direcled in the firft Way of Lay-
ing

“gthly, Cut a Place round about

the Bough (that is defign’d to -be
aid) an Inch or two, at the Place
that i molt convenient to lay into
the Ground, and manage it as is

oe

“LA 4
direéted in the firft Method of Lays
ing.

‘The Seafon for laying hardy)
Trees, that fhed their Leaves, is in
OGeber $ but for fuch as are tender;
in March for Ever- -greens, June on
Auguft are good Seafons.

Tho’ Layers may be laid in any
time of the Year, the before-men-—
tion’d Seafons are moft proper, for
the Reafons following ; becaufe they
have the whole Winter and Summer
to prepare and draw Root ; for at
thefe times of the Year the Sun hag
fuficient Power on the Sap of the
Tree to feed the Leaf and Bud, but
has not Power fufficient to make a
Shoot.

And if that {mall Quantity of Sap ©
that does arife be hinder’d, as it will”
by fome of the preceding Ways of |
Laying, the Leaves and Buds will
gently crave of the Layer, and by
that means will prepare the Layer to
take Root, or put forth Roots a lit-—
tle to maintain itfelf, finding it
cannot have N ourifhment from the ©
Mother-plant. ;

And therefore, becaufe it wants —
but little Nourifhment at that time of
the Year; it is better to lay Layers ©
of Trees, or to fet Cuttings, than at —
other times, either in the Winter; ©
when the Sap ftirs but little, or in 7
the Summer, when the Sap abounds; 7
or in the Spring, when it begins to
rife; becaufe it is then apr to come |
too “faddenly to draw Sap from the ~
Layer, before the Layer has drawn
or prepar’d for Root. ry

However, the Spring of Satine o
may do well for {mall Plants’; be- ae
caufe fuch Plants, being but hort.” iP
liv’d, draw Root the quicker. Pie

If you would lay young Trees
from an high Standard, the Boughs
of which cannot be bent down to
the Ground, then you muit make
ufe.of Ofier-bafkets, Boxes, or Pots,

filled,

LE
ww ‘ P id

Rll’d with fine-fifted Mould, mix
with a little rotten Willow -duft.
which will keep Moifture to afift
the Layer in taking Root : the Ba-
fket, Box, €c. muft be fet upon a
Pott or Treffel, &¢. and the Bough
mutt be laid according’ to either of
‘the four firft Ways of Laying; but
too much Head muft not be left on,
eft that be injur’d by the Wind, or
by its own Motion rub off the tender
Root; and the fmaller che Boughs
are, the lefs Way they fhould be fet
out of the Ground, and Care muft
be taken to keep them clear from
Weeds. '

The harder the Wood is, the bet-
ter will the young Wood take Root;
but if the Wood be foft, the older

Boughs wil! take Root the beft.

LEMON-TREE, Vide Limon.

- LENS, Lentils.
The Charafers are ;

It hath-a papilionaceous Flower ;
the Pointal of which becomes a short
Pod, containing orbicular Seeds, which
are, for the moff part, convex: to
avhich may be added, The Leaves are
conjugated, growing to one Mid-rib,
and terminated by Tendrils.

+ The Species are;

1. Lens wvéalgaris.
Common Lentils.

_ 2. Lens major.C. B. P. Greater
Lentils.

3. Lens monanthos. H. L. Len-
tils with a fingle Flower.

There are feveral Varieties of the
firt and fecond Sorts, which differ
from each other in Colour of their
Flowers and Fruits; but thefe are
accidental, and will often rife from
the fame Seeds; for which Reafon
they are not worth obferving in this
Place.

Thefe Plants are very common in
the warm Parts of Europz, and in the
Archipelago, where they. are the
Food of the poorer Sort of People,

OC? eis

hE

which they loath when they meet
with better Fare; from whence came
the Proverb, Dives fadus jam deft
gaudere Lente? which is apply’d to
fuch as fpurn at thofe T’hings in eafy
Circumftances; which they were glad
of in a low Condition.

Thefe Plants are one of the leaf
of the Pulfe-kind, and call’d invomeé
Places Tills : they may be propaga-
ed in the famé manner as Vetches,
&¥c. but muft be fown a great deal
thinner. ‘They will grow upon a.
dry barren Soil beft, and are a very
good Fodder for Cattle ; but as they
require an annual Culture, they are
not at prefent very much eftéem’d.
Their Seeds are very good for Pige-
ens.

LENTISCUS, The Maftich-tree,

The CharaGers are ;
The Leaves are pinnated, the Lobes

growing oppofite, and are faftened to

one common Mid-rib: the Male Flow-
ers, which are produced upon feparate
Trees from the Fruit, have feort greez
quadrifid Cups, which expand in form
of Stars, having four or five foort
Stamina, with darge red Apices:
thefe Flowers are colle&ed into a
Bunch: the Ovary, in the Female
Plants, which grows upon the Top
of a long thick Footftalk, is commonly
branch’d, aud becomes a Fruit; which
contains a Nut with an hard Shell.
The Species are ; -

¥. Lentiscus wulgaris. C. B, P.
Common Maftich-tree.

2. Lentiséus vulgaris, folits mi-
noribus {S pallidioribus. H. L. The
Male Maftich-tree, with leffer and
paler Leaves.

Thefe two Plantsare promifcuouf-__
ly preferv’d in many curious Gar-
dens in Exgland, where they are
commonly kept in Pots and Tubs,
and houfed in the Winter, with
Oranges, ‘Myrtles, &c, but in fome
Plates, which are will defended

fromm

{

Py

LE
from cold Winds, I have obferved

them growing in the open Air,
Without fuffering the leatt Injury
from our ordinary Winters; but in
extreme hard Weather they are fome-
times greatly damaged; however,
as they are feldom quite deftroy’d,
efpecially if the Plants are ftrong,
and have taken good Root in the
Ground, it is worth our Care to en-
deavour to naturalize them to our
Climate; which may eafily be
effected, provided you keep them

in Pots until they have acquired

a fuflicient Strength; and then
fhake them out in the Spring of the
Year, preferving as much of the
Earth to their Roots as you can,
planting them ona dry warm Soil,
and in a well-fhelter’d Situation ;
and in Winter lay fome Mulch upon
the Surface of the Ground about
their Roots, to prevent the Froft
from penetrating to them ; as alfo in
very fevere Frofts you fhould cover
their Stems and Heads with fome

Straw, or Peas-haulm, which will

prevent their being deftroy’d; and
after they have been inured to the
open Air for two or three Years,
they will then be moftly out of Dan-
ger, and will grow much better

' than thofe Plants which are kept in

Pots or Tubs.

Thefe Plants are propagated by
laying down their young Branches
in the Spring, which fhould be flit
at a Joint (as is practis’d in laying
Carnations); and in dry Weather
they muft be frequently water’d, to
encourage their ftriking Root, which
they rarely do until the fecond Year,
before which they fhould not be dif-
turb’d; bat then, if they have
taken fufficient Root, they fhould be
tranfplanted in Apri/, placing them,
as was before direfted, in a warm

Situation; obferving to water them

in dry Weather, as alfo to lay fome

en
Mulch about their Roots, to pres!
vent the Ground from drying too)
faft ; and in Winter lay a little frefh
Mulch'about them, to keep out the:
Froft.; after two or three Years,
they will be fufficiently hardy, and |
will require no farther Care, but ta.
dig the Ground about them every
Spring, and keep them clean from |
Weeds, as alfo to trim up the late-
ral Branches, to make them afpire
in Height ; but by no means fhould
you fhear them ‘into Balls and Py-
ramids (as the common Practice) 5
but let them grow in their utmoft
Luxuriancy, in which manner they
will appear much more beautiful
than in thofe ftudied Figures.
_ Thefe Plants may be propagated
from the Berries, which may be ob«
tain’d from the Southern Parts of
France or Spain, where they grow in|
great Plenty ; they muft be fown in
Pots or Tubs of frefh light Earth,
and hous’d in Winter (for the Plants
feldom come up until the fecond
Year) ; but in Summer they fhould —
be expos’d in a warm Situation, and _
often refrefhed with Water : when
the Plants come up, they muft be ~
carefully clear’d from Weeds, and ©
refrefh’d with Water in dry Wea-_
ther; and in Winter the Pots or
Tubs muft be remov’d into Shelter,
but fhould have a great Share of free”
Air in mild Weather ; and the Spring
following, the Plants fhould be taken ~
up, and each of them planted into—
a feparate Pot ; then plunge the Pots
into 2 moderate Hot-bed, to facili- —
tate their taking Rcot; after which —
they may be expos'd to the open —
Air (as was direéted for the oider —
Plants), and continue to hoafe them —
every Winter, until they are three
or four Years old ; after which they —
may be planted into the open Aify —
when they muft be treated as the old —

Plants.
6 Thefe

‘
e
an

— Tee + er
t& B
Thefé Trees are always green,
which renders them more valuable ;
and their Leaves being of a beauti-
ful Figure, and their Heads gene-
: rally growing very regular, renders
them worthy of a good Situation :
they feldom rife above twelve or
fourteen Feet high with us, and
fhould therefore be intermixed with
other Ever-greens of the fame
Growth: but as thefe Trees are
fometimes injured by fevere Frof,
fo it is properao keep fome Plants
in Tubs, which may be fheltered in
Winter in the Green-houfe, in order
to preferve their Species.

LEONTOPETALON, Lion-
leaf.

_ The Chara&ers are;

It hath a thick tuberofe perennial
Root : the Flower is naked, and con-
| fits of five or fix Petals, which ex»
| pand in form of a Rofe, attended
_ by Stamina: in the Middle of the
Flower rifes the Pointal, which
afterward becomes a Bladder, con-
| taining many /pherical Seeds,
| We have but one Species of this
| Plant in the Exg/i/a Gardens; which
| 4S; {

LeontToretraton /foliis cofte ra-
tmofee inhafcentibus, Flor. Lion-leaf
with Leaves growing on a branched
| Rib.
| This Plant is found in great Plenty

in the Iflands of the Archipelago, but
@ in the greateft Plenty about d/cppo,

at prefent is very rare in Exgland:
| it may be propagated by fowing the
|Seeds, or parting the Roots; but
the former is the beft Method, if
the Seeds could be obtained from
abroad; for they feldom produce
good Seeds in England, nor do they
lancreafe very faft by their Reots.
The Seed of this Plant fhould be
‘Pfownfoonafter itisripe,inPots or Tubs

Wi’'d with freth light Earth, that the
| Vou, If. .

| and:alfo in fome Parts of Italy; but .

eh ie as

Plants may be removed into Shelter
in the Winter; for if they are ex-
pofed at that Seafon (which is the
tume they arife), the Cold will de-
ftroy them; but in the Summer
they fhould be fet abroad, where
they may have the morning Sun un-
til Ten of the Clock ; and when the
Plants are ftrong enough to be tranf-
planted, they fhould be each of them
put into a feparate Pot, and in Win-
ter placed into an Hot-bed-frame,
where they may be fhelter’d in fe
vere Frofts; but in mild Weather
they fhould be expos’d to the open
Air. |

When the Plants are two Years
old, they may be taken out of the
Pots, and plai.ced intoa warm Bor-
der under a South Wall, where they
wi!l endure the Cold of out ordinary
Winters very weil, being feldom
hurt but by fevere Frofts, or too
much Wet; for which Reafon they
fhould always be planted in a dry
Soil.

The beft Seafon for tranfplanting
thefe Roots is in Fave, when their
Leaves are decay’d s for if you de-
fer it tll Fuly or Auguff, they will
be flriking out hew Roots, when
they will not be fo fafely remov’d
They produce their Flowers in Win-
ter, for which they are chiefly valu-
ed.

LEONTOPODIUM. Vide Plan-
tago.

LEONURUS, Lion’s-tail.

The Cheraders are;

LD? is one of the verticiliate Plants
with a Lip-flower, which confifs of
ene Leaf, whofe Galea or Creft 73 im=
bricated, and mach longer than the
under Lip, whith is divided into three
Segments: out of the Flower-cup rifes
the Pointal, fxd like a Nail to the
hinder Part of the Flower, furre:nded
by four Embryoes, which afterward
turn to fo many Seeds, which are ob-

Ces hing,

te Oe ae ee ee ee ee ee ee ee er

foxg, and inclofed in a long fiflulous
Hufk, which before was the Flower-

cup.
The Species are ;

1. Leonurus perennis, fideriti-
dis folio, flore phaniceo majore.
Breyn. Prod. Perennial African Li-
on’s-tail, with an Ironwort-leaf, and
a large fcarlet Flower.

z. Leonurus perennis Africanus,
fidevitidis folio wvariegato, flore
pheniceo majore. Perennial African
Lion’s-tail, with a_ variegated
Tronwort- leaf, and a large fcarlet
Flower. Fe

3. Leonurus ginor, Capitis Bone
Spei, vulgo. Boerh. Ind. Leffler Li-
on’s-tail from the Cape of Good Hope,
with a Cat-mint-lef.

Thefe Plants are very great Orna-
ments in a Green-houfe, producing
large Tufts of beautiful fcarlet
Flowers in the Months of Ododer
and Nowember, when few other
Plants are in Perfection ; for which
Reafon a good Green-houfe fhould
never be wanting of thefe Plants,
efpecially fince they require no arti-
ficial Heat, but only to be preferved
from hard Frofts; fo that they may
be placed among{t Oranges, Myrtles,
Oleanders, &Jc. in fuch a manner, as

not to be too much overfhaded with

other Plants; but that they may en-
joy as much free Air as poflible in
mild Weather.

They are ealfily propagated by
planting Cuttings of any of the Sorts
in Pots filled with light Earth, any
time in Fuly or Auguft, oblerving to
fhade and water them until they

have taken Root; after which they

muft be each of them planted into a
feparate Pot Ali’d with light rich
Earth, and often refrefh’d with Wa-
ter (for it is an aquatic Plant in its
native Country); and in Ofoler
tacy muft be removed into the

~

LE

Green-houfe; but in May they
fhould be expos’d again to the open ~
Air, placing them where they may
have the morning Sun till Elevenof —
the Clock, obferving never to let
them want Water, which will encou-
rage them to produce ftrong Tufts of
Flowers in Autumn.

Thefe Plants will grow to be eight
or nine Feet high, and abide many
Years ; but are very fubject to grow
irregular; therefore their Branches
fhould be pruned eayy in the Spring,
in order to reduce them to a tole-
rable Figure; but they will not bear —
to be often pruned or fhear’d, nor
can they ever be form’d into Balls or —
Pyramids; for if they are often
fhorten’d, it will prevent their
flowering. 5

The ftrip’d Sort is, by many Peo-
ple, valued for the Variety of its ©
Leaves ; but as that is occafion’d by ©
a Weaknefs in the Plant, the Flow-
ers of that Sort are never fo large and
fair, as are thofe of the plain Sort, |
nor produced in fo great Bunches. — |

The third Sort is alfo preferv’d }f
for Variety more than its Beauty; |!
the Flowers of this being much | |
{maller, and not fo well colour’d, as}!
are thofe of the common Sort. This |!
Plant feldom grows above three Fees}!
high. ak
LEPIDIUM, Dittander or Pep-
perwort. |

The Chara&ers are ; ae

The Flower confifts of foar Leaves, ¥
which are placed in form of a Crofs,” i
from whofe Cup arifes the Pointal,
which afterward becomes a Spear te
feaped Fruit, which is divided in the (ke
Middle by a Partition into tawo Cells, (ki
which contain many oblong Seeds. ey ho

The Species are ; : : J
1. Leripium Jatifolium. C/B. Pe

i
:

I
nah
yi
|

\
Common broad-leav’d Dittander, or |
Poor man’s Pepper. oie a
2, Leripium |}

|

nig

LE

f. Lepipium bumile ineantim ar-
~ venfe. Inft. R. H. Low hoary Dit-

tander, or Pepperwort.

3, Lepipium gramineo folio, five
dberis» Inf. R. H. Grafs-leav’d Dit-
- tander, or Sciatica Crefs.

4. Lepipium humile minus inca-

num Alepicum. Inft. R. H. Low green-
er Dittander of Aleppo.
g. Lepipium capillaceo folio, fru-
| ticofum Hifpanicum. Inf. R. H. Shrab-
by Spani/ Dittander, with very nar-
row Leaves.

6. Lerpipium Orientale, naftur-
(tii crifpi folio. Tourn. Cor. Eaftern
Dittander, with a curled Crefs-leaf.
7, Lepiprum Orientale, naftur-
‘tii folio, caule veficario. Tourn. Cor.
|Eaffern Dittander, with a Creis-leaf,
and a {welling Stalk.

8. Leripium Orientale, caryo-
hylli folio. Tourn. Cor. Eaftern Dit-
ander, with a Clove-gilliflower-leaf,

The firft and third Sorts are di-
re€ted by the College of Phyficians
0 be ufed in Medicine. The firft
zrows wild in fome Parts of Eng-
4; but is generally cultivated in
Gardens for Ufe. The Herb and
Root of this Sort were formerly
‘fed in Sawce, to give a warm bite-
Hag Tate thereto; and fome poor
feople have mixed a few of the
eaves in their Sallads, for the fame
Purpofe.” This Sort is eafily propa-
ated by planting any {mall Pieces
the Root, either in Spring or Au-
@imn, after the manner directed for

torfe-radifh ; but it fhould be pla-
jd in fome odd Corner of the Gar-
*n, and not near other Plants, be-
ufe the Roots will {pread, and
ot up at a great Diftance, fo as
over-run the Ground where it is
Banted.
|The third Sort may be propaga-
| by Seeds, which fhould be fown
the Spring ; and when the Planis

Dv

LE

are come up, they fhould be thin-
ned, fo as to leave them eight or ten
Inches afunder, and keep them clear
from Weeds; which is all the Cul-
ture they require. The fecond Year
the Plants will produce Seeds, and
the old Roots will remain feveral
Years, provided they are not in too
rich Ground. The Leaves and Seeds
of this Plant are ufed in Medicine.

The fecond and fourth Sorts are
trailing Plants, which propagate very
fait by their creeping Roots: thefe
are preferved in Botanic Gardens
for Variety; but there is little Beau-
ty in them.

The fifth Sort was difcovered by
Dr. Tournefort in Spain. This grows
fhrubby, and will abide the Cold
of our ordinary Winters in the open
Air, provided it is planted ona poor
dry Soil. It may be propagated either
by Seeds or Cuttings.

The other three Sorts were dif-
covered by Dr. Tournefort in the
Levant, from whence he fent their
Seeds to the Royal Garden at Paris.
Thefe are alfo preferved in Botanic
Gardens for the fake of Variety,
and may be eafily propagated by
Seeds.

LEPIDOCARPODENDRON.,
Vide Protea.

LETTUCE, Vide LaQuca.

LEUCANTHEMUM, Ox-eye
Daily.

The Charafers are;

It agrees in every refpe® with the
Chryfanthemum, except in the Colour
of its Semi-florets, which in thefe are
conftantly white.

The Species are ;
4, LevcanruemumM = u/lgare,
Tourn. Common Ox-eye Daity,

z. LeucantTsemMumM A/pinum mas
jus, rigido folio, Tourn. Greater Ox-
eye Daify of the dips, with fiff
Leaves.

Cec.2 3. Lau-

SS a ree: Se eee ee
a ==

LE

4. LEUCANTHEMUM radice re-
pente, foliis latioribus ferratis. Tourn.
Creeping-rooted Ox-eye Daily, with
broad ferrated Leaves.

4. Levcanrurmum folio abfin-
thii, Alyinum, Cioffi. Alpine Ox-eye
Daify, with a Wormwood leaf.
| 5. Levcanruemum tanaceti fo-
fio, flore majore. Boerb. Ind. Ox-eye
Daily, with a Tanfy-leaf, and a
large Flower.

6. LeuvcanruemMum Canaricnfe,
foliis chryfanthemi, fapore pyrethri.
Fourn. Canary Ox-eye Daify, with a
Chryfanthemum-leaf, and a Tatte
like Pellitory of Spain, vulgarly
call’d Pellitory of Spain.

7. LEUCANTHEMUM “‘ontanum,
Sfoliis chryfanthemi. Inft.R.H. Moun-
tain Ox-eye Daify, with Corn-ma-

rigold-leaves.

8. LeucaNTHEMUM graminco fo-
lio. Inft. R. H. Grafs-leav’d Ox-eye
oh ella ;

9g. LeucantHemum Jatiffimo fo-
lio, flore maximo. Inff.R.H. Broad-
eft-leav’d Ox-eye Daily, with a large
Flower:

10. LevcanTHemMuM Lufftani-
cum, argenteo laciniato folio. Inf.
RH. Portugal Ox-eye Daify, with
a filver jagged Leaf.

11. LEUCANTHEMUM <America-
num frutefcens, folits latis conjugates
Es afperis, flore albo, capitulis /qua-
mofis. Houft. Shrubby American Ox-
eye Daify, with broad rough Leaves
growing oppofite, a white Flower,
-and afcaly Cup. ?

The fir of thefe Plants is very
common in the Meadows in moft

Parts of Exgland, from whence the
Flowers are gathered, and brought
into the Markets in London for medi-
cinal Ufes; but it is feldom cultiva-
ted in Gardens. 7

The fecond and fifth Sorts are
many times planted in Gardens, for
their Beauty: thefe produce targe

LE

Tufts of white radiated Flowers
upon the Summits of their Stalks,
which continue a long time in Beau-
ty: they commonly grow two Feet
high or more; for which Reafon
they fhould always be placed in the ©
Middle of large Borders, and require
to be planted at a good Diftance
from other Plants, otherwife they —
will overbear them: fo that they
are not very proper for {mall Gar- ©
dens, taking up too much room. ~

Thefe are very hardy Plants, and ©
may be propagated either by fowing ©
their Seeds, or parting their Roots: _
the beft time for fowing their Seeds —
is in March, upon a Border of frefh —
light Earth; and when the Plants are’
come up pretty ftrong, they muft be ©
tran{planted into frefh Borders of the
like Earth, placing them at eight ©
Inches Diftance each Way: in thefe
Borders they may remain till Mi-
chaelmas, when they fhould be re-—
moved into the Borders where they —
are to continue, and the Summer
following they will produce Flow-
ers and Seeds, | by |

But if you would propagate them?
by parting their Roots, the beft Sea=_

fon for this Work is in September or”
Odober s for if it be done in the

>

-
> a

Spring, they feldom flower fo ftrong ©
the fucceeding Summer. bl
The third Sort multiplies too fait”
by its creeping Roots, which will
fpread, and come up ata great Dir
ftance from the old Plant, fo that t
is hardly to be kept within tolerable
Bounds; but itis very apt to ron
over whatever Plants ftand near”
for which Reafon it fhould never be
placed amongft choice Flowers, but —
allowed a Place in fome abject Part
of the Garden, in a Corner allotted —
to it; where it will grow to the
Height of four Feet, and produce”
large radiated white Flewers in Sep*

tember and Ofober,
The.

M;
d
‘
P|

LE

The fourth Sort is feldom admit-
_ ted into curious Flower-gardens, it
being a rambling Plant; and the
Branches trailing upon the Ground,
render it unfightly, norare the Flow-
ers very beautiful; fo that it is fel-
dom pyeferv’d but in Botanic Gar-
dens.

The other Sorts are all: very
hardy Plants, and will grow in al-
moft any Soil or Situation; and there
being very little Trouble in their
Culture, they deferve room in all
large Gardens.

The fixth Sort was brought from
the Canary Iflands; fo is tenderer
than any of the former, and muf
be preferved in Pots, and {fheltered
in the Winter. This is propagated
by planting Cuttings, in any of the
Summer-months, in a North Bor-
der of light Earth ; where they will
foon take Root, after which they
mult be planted into Pots filled with
frefh light Earth, and expofed to
the open Air until the Middle or
Latter-end of Osber, when they
muft be houfed; but fhould be pla-
ced in the cooleft Part of the Houfe,
where they may have much free
Air in mild Weather, and muft be
frequently refrefh’d with Water ;
but in Summer-time they may be
expofed to the open Air, ina fhady
Situation, where they will thrive
much better than if expofed to the
San; which would. dry the Earth
too faft, fo that they would con-
{tantly require to be water’d.

This Plant is not apt to continue
above three or four Years without
renewing ; therefore Cuttings fhould
be planted every other Year, to
maintain the Kind, where People
are curious to preferve their Varie-
ties. The great Beauty of this Plant
confifts in its long Continuance in
Flower; for when. the Plants are
properly managed, they will pro-

LE

duce Flowers throughout the Year ;
and although their Flowers are not
very beautiful, yet in the Winter-
feafon, when there is want of better
Sorts, this Plant will add to the Va-
riety in the Green-houfe ; therefore
may be allowed a Place in a!l fuch
Gardens where Colleétions of Plants
are preferved, In Botanic Gardens
it is preferved for the fake of Va-
riety; and fome have fuppofed it to
be the true Pellitory of Spaia,
which, in reality, is a different
Plant; tho’ this has a very fharp

‘acrid Tafte, much like that of the

Pellitory, |
The four next-mentioned Sort
are very hardy Plants; fo may be
treated in the fame manner as hath
been directed for the five Sorts firit-
mentioned. |
The laft Sort was difcovered by
Dr. William Houftoun, at Campechy,
from whence he fent the Seeds to
England. This is a fhrubby Plant,
which grows eight or nine Feet high,
having many Stems, and irregular
Branches; but it hath not prodyced
any Flowers in Exgland. This Plant
may be propagated by Cuttings, du-
ring any of the Summer-months,
if they are planted in a Bed of light
Earth, and fhaded’ from the Sun.

In the Winter this muft be placed

in a moderate Stove; and in Sum-
mer it may be placed abroad, ina
warm Situation.
LEUCOIUM, Stock-gilliflower.
The Chara&ers are; .
The Flower is compofed, for the moft
part, of four Leaves, which are
placed in form of a Crofs: out of the
Elower-cup rifes the Pointal, which
becomes a long flat Pod, divided into
teve Cells by an intermediate Parti-
tion, to which the Valves adbere on
both Sides, and are furnifbed with
flat fnnoth Seeds, which are orbicular;
and bordered round their Edges? to

C ¢@2 av btce

——

c Loe ae

eulis ex albo rubris.

te re weit?

LE
which may be added, The Flowers are
Specious, and frweet-/melling.
The Species are ;

1. LevcoiumM incanum majus.
C, B. P. Greater hoary Stock-gilli-
flower, with fingle white Flowers.

z. Levcoium incanum majus,
Jlore cinericeo. C. B. P. The great
hoary Stock-gilliflower, with an
afh-colour’d Flower.’

3. LeucoiumM purpureum, vel ru-

brum. C.B.P. Purple or red Stock- -

gilliflower.

4. LeucoluM incanum majus coc-
cincum. Mor. Hifi, The greater
hoary crimfon Stock-gilliflower,

‘wulgarly call’d The Brumptox Stock.

5. Leucoium violaceum. Tabern,

- Violet-colour’d Stock-gilliflower.

6. Levcoium zncanum majus mul-
tiplex, fore purpureo. C.B. P. Greater
hoary Stock-gilliflower, with a dou-
ble purple Flower.

7. Levucoium incanummoajus mul-
tiplex, flore rubro. C. B. P. Greater
hoary Stock-gilliflower, with a dou-
ble red Flower,

8. Leucotum ixcanum majus mul-
tiplex, fire albo. Tourn. Greater
hoary Stock-gilliflower, with a dou-
ble white Flower. :

Q. LEvcoiuM inxcanum majus va-

viegatum, pleno fore. C. B. P. The

greater hoary Stock-gilliflower, with

a double variegated Flower.

10. LEUCOIUM majus incanum
wariegatum album, flore fimplici, ma-
C. B. P. The
greater hoary Stock-gilliflower, with
a fingle white Flower, {potted and
firip'd with red.

11. Leuvcoium pleno fore, al-
bum, fanguineis maculis fignatum.
Hort. Eyft. White Stock-gilliflower,
with a double Flower mark’d with
bloody Spots.

12. Leucorum pleno flore, album,

urpurcts imaculis fignatum. Hort.

Lyf. White Stock-gilliflower, with

os

a double Flower mark‘d with purple |

Spots. i
13. Leucotum incanum majus
wariegatum, pleno flore, foliis in am-

bitu argentcis. H. L.. The greater ©

hoary variegated Stock-gilliflower,
with a double Flower, and Leaves
edg’d with Silver.

14. Leucoirum minus & annuum.
Dod. Leffer annual Stock gilliflower.

15. Leucorum album odoratiffi-
mum, folio viridi. C,B,P. The
mott fweet-fmelling Stock-gilliflow-
er, with a green Leaf, commonly
call’d The white Wall- flower.

16. Levcortum album odoratiffi-
mum folio viridi, pleno flore. The
double white Wall-flower, valgo.

17. Levcoium duteum vulgare,
C. B.P. The yellow Wall-flower.

18. Leucorum luteum, fore ples
no, minus.C. B. P. The common
double Wall-flower.

19. Levcoium anguftifolium Al-
pinum, flore fulphureo, H. R. Par,
Narrow-leav’d Alpine Wall-flower,
with a brimftone-colour’d Flower.

20. Leucoium anguflifolium Al. —

pinum, flore pleno fulphureo. Narrow-
leav’d Alpine Wall-flower, with a

double brimftone-colourd Flower,

commonly call’d The ftraw-colour’d
Wall flower.

21. Leuvcorum duteum, magna
fore. C. B. P. Wall-flower with a
large Flower.

22. Levcoium /uteum, flore ple-
no, majus. C. B. P. The greater
Wall-flower, with a double Flows
er.

23. LEUCOLUM majus, flore intus
lutea, extus ferruginea. Greater Wall-
flower, with larger Flowers, -yel-
low within, and on the Oatfide of
an Iron-colour, commonly call’d
The Ravenal Wall-flower.

24. Leucoium majus, fiore ma-
jore pleno, intus luteo, extus ferrue
ginco. The double Ravenal, vulgo.

a5. Levs

ew

LE

25. Levcorum majus, flore pleno
Serrugineo. Tourn. The old double
bloody Wall-flower.

26. Levcoium /utcum, pleno fio-
ve, foliis ex luteo varicgatis. ‘The
yellow variegated Wall-flower, with
a double Flower.

27. Levcoium /uteum, pleno flo-
re, foliis ex albo eleganter variegatis.

_- The filver-ftrip’d Wall-flower, with

a double Flower.

There are feveral other Varieties
of thefe Flowers, which are pre-
ferv’d in fome curious Botanic Gar-
dens; but thofe here mention’d are
the moft beautiful, and beft worth
propagating in all curious Flower-

ardens.

All the Sorts of Stock-gilliflowers
are propagated by Seeds: the bett
time for fowing them is in the Be-
ginning of 4pri/, upon a Border
of frefh light Earth, where they
may be expos’d to the morning
Sun; for if they are too much ex-
pos’d to the Sun in the Heat of the
- Day, they are very fubje& to be
eaten by a fort of Fly ; as they of-
ten are while young, upon an hot
dry Soil. To remedy which, you
fhould always fow a few Radifhes
amongft them, which will fecure
them from this Mifchief: for the
Flies will always prey upon the
Radifhes, whereby your Gilliflower-
plants will be preferved; but then
you muft not fuffer the Radifhes to

e too thick amongft them; for that
would draw them up very weak,
and caufe them to be long-fhank’d.
When your Plants have gotten fix
Leaves, they maft be tranfplanted
into other Borders of the like frefh
Earth, and expos’d to the morning
Sun at about fix Inches Diftance;
obferying to water and fhade them
until they have taken Root; after
which they will require no farther
Care, than only to keep them clear

LE

from Weeds, until the Latter-end of
Auguff, or the Beginning of Septem-
der, when you muft tranfplant them
into the Borders of the Pleafure-
garden; which fhould be done, if
poflible, in moift Weather, that they
may the fooner ftrike Root, where-
by they will be fecurely faften’d in
the Ground before the Froft comes
on; which would prevent their
taking Root, and thereby either
quite deftroy them, or at leaft caufe
them to flower very weak the fuc-
ceeding Spring.

There are many People who make
a great Stir about fowing thefe Seeds,
and tranfplanting the Plants always
at the fame time when the Moon is
at the Full, in order to obtain a
greater Number of double Flowers ;
but from feveral Years Obfervation;
I could never find any thing in this
Management, nor from the fre-
quently removing the Plants, as is
by fome directed ; which only weak-
ens them, and caufes them to pro-
duce fmaller Bunches of Flowers;
but I never could obtain any more
double Flowers by this Management,
than if they had never been re-
mov’d: but the beft Method that L

have obferv’d, to have thefe Flow-

ers in the greateft Perfection, is, to
change the Seeds every Year, if you
can procure a good Correfpondent
at fome Place at a great Diftance
from you, who will faithfully fur-
nifh you with good Seeds: and in
faving thefe Seeds, if you obferve
a greater Number of Petals than
ufual in the fingle' Flowers, it 1s a
good Sign, that the Seeds of fuch
Plants will produce double Flowers.
I have alfo obferv’d, that if the
Seeds are preferved in the Pods a
Year before they are fown, a greater
Number of Plants with double Flow-
ers has been produced, than’ from
the fame Seeds fown the fir Year.

Ccc 4 As

4
'

-

LE

As thefe Plants are commonly
bienn‘al, and feldom continue longer
than the fecond Year, hence there
will be a Neceffity of fowing Seeds
every Year: for when, they have
flowered and feeded, they common-
ly decay foon after; as alfo do the
double Flowers foon after they are
out of Flower; or if fome of them
fhould continue another Year, they
are feldom fo ftrong, or produce fuch
fair Flowers, as the young feedling
Plants: fo that, upon the Whole,
they are fcarcely worth ftanding.
And tho’ fome People recommend

' the propagating the double Sorts

from Sitps and Cuttings, as the fu-
reft Way to have double Flowers,
which indeed is very true ; yet the
Plants thus rais’d are always weaker
than thofe rais’d from Seeds, and
never produce their Flowers near
fo’ large or fair: wherefore (as I
faid before) it is better to have a
Succeffion of feedling Plants every
Year, amongft which you will al-
ways have a Quantity of double
Flowers, provided your Seed be
good.

The Brampton Stock-gilliflower is
by many People moit valued for the
Largenefs of its Flowers, and the
Brightnefs of their Colour: but this
Sort feldom produces more than one
Spike of Flowers upon a Plant;
whereas the Jta/anz and purple Sorts
produce feveral very fair Bunches
upon each Plant, efpeciaily if they

‘Lave Strength: and there is a Sort

commonly call’d the Stock-major
(which, probably, is the feventh
Sort here mention’d), which branch-
es out on every Side, and produces
many fair Spikes of Flowers from
one Root; thefe are of a beautiful
red Colour: as doth another Sort,
commonly (though falfly) call’d the
Annual-ftock, which will produce
its Flowers the firft Year from Seed ;

LE

but then the Plants commonly con-
tinue the next Scafon, and flower
again very ftrong; and thefe often ©
produce fome Variety in the Colour
of their Flawers ; fome being of a
beautiful fearlet, others of a pale-
red Colour, and fome of them are
finely variegated; and thefe all pro-
duc’d from Seeds taken from the
fame Plant: but this Sort is very
apt to degenerate, if the Seeds are |
not frequently changed.

The fmall annual Stock-gilliflow- ,
er will produce Flowers in about
ten Weeks after fowing( which has oc-
cafion’d its being call’d the ten Weeks
Stock) ; and if the Seafon be to-
lerably cool and moift, thefe Flow-
ers will 'be very large: and often
there are large double Flowers pro-
duc’d among them, which renders
them well worth propagating, efpe-

cially if you fow them in May,

which will caufe them to flower in
Auguft and September, when Flowers
are beginning to be fcarce in the
Gardens. Thefe Plants’ produce
ripe Seeds the fame Year, and rarely
furvive a Winter.

Thefe Plants fhoild all be plant-
edina frefh light Soil, which muft
not be dung’d; for they don’t fuc-
ceed upon arich Soil, in which they
are apt to grow very rank, and then
their Roots canker and decay; fa
that they feldom abide the Winter
in fuch Soils; but in a freth Soil
they will itand our ordinary Win-
ters extremely well, and will pro-
duce large fair Flowers.

The common fingle Wall-flower -
is very feldom cultivated in Gardens,
but is often found growing upon
old Walls and Buildings in divers
Parts of England: this is the-Sort
which is direéted in the College
Difpenfatory for medicinal Ufes:
but the double of this Kind is very,
common in moft of the Exgl

Gardens ; .

ee

Gardens; which is propagated by
planting Slips or Cuttings in any of
the Spring-months, obferving to
water and fhadethem until they have
taken Root ; after which they may
be remov’d to the Places where they
are'to remain.

The ftraw-colour’d Wall-flower
with double Flowers was formerly
more common in the Exgli/h Gar-
dens than at prefent : this is a much
finer Sort for Shew than the com-
mon, the Plants generally growing
moré upright; and the Spikes of
Flowers are much larger, and grow
much clofer together, than thofe:
but the Flowers have very little
Scent; which, I fuppofe, has oc-
cafion’d its being lefs cultivated than
it was formerly ; though indeed, for
Shew, it is inferior to none of the
Sorts of Wail-flowers: this is alfo
propagated by Slips, as the common
‘Sort.

The white Wall-flower is propa-
gated by fowing the Seedsin April,
in the manner before directed for the
Stock-gilliflowers; and ifthe Seeds
are good, there wil! be many dou-
ble Flowers produc’d amongft them ;
which may be continu’d, by plant-
ing the Slips in the fame manner as
has been direfted for the common
fay alt Lower. But the double of this
Kind, being fomewhat tenderer than
fhould be planted into Pots fill’d
with frefh light Earth; and, in the
Winter-feafon fhould be plac’d un-
der an Hot-bed-frame, where they
may be fhelter’d from fevere Frofts ;
but in mild Weather they fhoald
have as much free open Air as pofii-
ble ; in which Management they
will endure two or three Years, and
produce fair Flowers. |

The large-flowering Wall-flower
is alfo propagated by Seeds in the
{4me manner as the Stock-gilliflow-

|

the other Sorts of Wall-flowers, —

LE
ers; for though it will grow from
Slips, yet thefe feldom make fo
good Plants as thofe produc’d from
Seeds, nor will they flower fo ftrong.
This Sort rarely produces many
double Flowers; but yet is well
worth propagating, for the Large-
nefs and Sweetnefs of its Flowers;
and if they are planted in a very
poor dry Soil, will continue two or
three Years, and endure the Cold
extremely well,

The Ravenal Wall-flower is at
prefent in the greateft Efteem with
the curious Florifts, the Flowers of
this Kind being full as large as the
laft-mention’d Sort, and are of a
fine redifh or iron Colour on the
Outfide, as alfo of an extraordinary
Sweetnefs ; and this is more apt to
produce double Flowers than the
former: it is propagated by Seed
which fhould be fown in Mase ,
and manag’d as was directed for the
Stock-gilliflower; obferving never
to plant them ina rich Soil, which
will caufe them to grow very faft
during the Summer-feafon ; but they
feldom endure the Winter in fuch
Soils. The double-Aower’d Plants
of this Kind may alfo be propagated
by Slips, in the fame manner as the
before-mention’d Sorts; but thefe
fhould be fhelter’d in Winter, as
was dire€ted for the white Wall-
flower, otherwife they are fubject to
be kill’d by very fharp Frofts. The
Seeds of this Kind fhould be often
chang’d, or elfe they will greatly
degenerate.

The old double-bloody Wall-flow-
er was formerly more common in
England than at prefent, it being
at this. time rarely to be feen: this
is a Variety of the common double
Wall-flower, from which it onl
difersin having the Outfide of the
Petals of a bloody Colour: it may
be propagated by Slips, as the com-

' mon

Oe A caper mela PR a oe Ss Ma

} ~
~ fi A ae - Lb + ee 4
SER > yh =, ey re

TIRE oe Zed sae

oo

LE

mon Sort; but requires to be thel-
ter’d from extreme Cold in the Win-

ter; which often deftroys thefe’

Plants, if they are too much expos’d
to it.

The vellow-ftrip’d Wall-Rower is
alfo a Variety of the common dou-
ble Sort, having its Leaves beauti-
fully variegated in the Spring and
Winter-feafon ; but inthe Summer,
when the Plants are very free of
Growth, they degenerate to be al-
moit quite plain; fo that at that
Seafon there is very little Beauty in
them. ‘This is alfo propagated by
Slips, as the common Sort; but
fhould be planted in a warm Situa-
tion, otherwife it will often fuffer by

reat Colds in Winter.

The filver-ftrip'd Wall-flower is
much more beautiful than the laft,
and generally retains its curious
‘Wariegation through the whale Year.
This is propagated by Slips, as the
former ; but fhould be fhelter’d in
Winter, being much tenderer than
the laft: for which Reafon, the
Plants fhould be fet into Pots, and
treated as the double white Wall-
flower : but you fhould obferve, ne-
ver to plant them in arich Soil;
which will caufe them to become
plain (as I have often obferv'd) : nor
thould they have too much Moifture,
which very often deitroys them.

All the Sorts of Wall-flowers will
abide the Cold much better, if
planted in a very gravelly and fony
Soil, than when they are in a rich
Earth; as may he obferv’d by thofe
which grow upon the Tops of Walls,
and other Buildings ; where fome-
tmes they are very much expos’d to
the cold Winds, and yet often en-
dure the fharpeft Winters; when
thofe which were planted in a good
Soil have been ceftroy’d, tho’ they
pave had a warm Situation.

a.

LICHEN, Liverwort.

There being two Sorts of thisPlant,
which are ufed in Medicine, and one
of thofe being accounted a fovereign
Remedy for the Bite of mad Dogs,
I thought it would not be improper
to mention them here, tho” they are
Plants which cannot be propagated
by any Method, except by paring
up the Turf of Grafs whereon they
grow, and laying it down in fome
moift fhady Place; where, if the
Turf takes Root, and thrives, thefe
Plants will fpread, and do well.

The two Sorts are ;

¥. Licuen petreus latifolius, hve
Hepatica fontana. C.B.P. Com-
mon broad-leav’d Liverwort.

2. LicHEen terreffris cinereus,
Rait Syn. Ath-coleur’d Ground-li-
verwort.

The firft Sort grows on the Sides
of Wells, and in moift fhady Places |
not only on the Ground, but: on-
Stones, Bricks, or Wood. Of this —
there are feveral Varieties, which ‘
are diftinguifhed by the Curious in
Botany : but as they are Plants of na
Ufe, I fhall not enumerate them.

‘The fecond Sort (which is ufed to»
cure the Bite of mad Dogs) grows —
on Commons, and open Heaths, —
where the Grafs is fhort, in moft
Parts of England, efpecially on De- |
clivities, and on the Sides of Pits,
This fpreads on the Surface of the ~
Ground; and, when in Perfe&tion, —
is of an Aih-colour ; but asit grows —
old; it alters, and becomes of a dark —
Colour. This is often carried into ~
Gardens with the Turf, which is laid
for Walks and Slopes; and where
the Soil is moift and cool, it will
ipread, and be difficult to deftroy, |
fo that it renders the Grafs unfight-
ly : but this is the only Method yet” #
known to have it grow in Gardens, if
where it is defired,

This

€

a

Li
This is efteemed.a fovereign Re-
medy for the Bite of mad Dogs, and
hath been for many Years ufed with
great Succefs.¢ It was communicated
to the Royal Society by Mr. George

_ Dampier, whofe Uncle had long ufed -

this Plant, to cure the Bite of mad
Dogs on Men and Animals, with
infallible Succefs. The Method of
taking it he has delivered as follow-
eth; “ Take of the Herb, and dry it
«* either in an Oven, by the Fire, or
** in the Sun ; then powder it, and
** pafs it thro’ a fine Sieve; mix
« this with an equal Quantity of
** fine-powdered Pepper. The com-
* mon Dofe of this Mixture is four
“«* Scruples, which may be taken in
‘© warm Milk, Beer, Ale, or Broth.”
He alfo advifes, that the Part bitten
be well wafhed, as alfo the Cloaths
of the Perfon who is bit, left any of
the Snivel or Drivel of the mad Dog
fhould remain. If the Perfon bitten
be full - grown, he advifes, that he
be blooded before the Medicine is
taken; and to ufe the Remedy as
foon after the Bite as poflible, as al-
fo to repeat the Dofe two or three
feveral Mornings fafting.

LIGUSTICUM, Lovage.

The Charaers are;
The Lobes of the Leaves are cut

a“

BD about their Borders, like thofe of

Parfley: the Flowers confift, for the
moj: part, of five Leaves, which ex-
pand in form of a Rofe: each of thefe
Flowers are fucceeded by two oblong,
gibbofe, furrow'd Seeds, which on one
Side have a leafy Border.

The Species are;

1. Licusticum vulgare, foliis
epi. F. B. Common Lovage.

z. Licusticym Scoticum, apii
Solio. Tourn. Scotch Lovage, with a
Parfley-leaf.

_ 3. Licusticum Grecum, apii
folic. T. Cor. Greek Lovage, witha
Parfley- leaf, Te

4. Licusricum foliis muitiphi-
cato-pinnatis, foliolis pinnatim inci~
fis. Lin. Hort. Cliff. Lovage with
many Pair of Pima, and the little
Leaves cut; commonly called (-
cutaria, or Baftard Hemlock.

The firft of thefe Plants is often
ufed in Medicine, and was formerly
reckoned amongft the Kitchen-herbs;
but is now almoft intirely caft out of
the Kitchen-garden, and only culti-
vated for phyfical Ufes. This Plant
may be eafily propagated by fowing
the Seeds, foon after they are ripe,
in a moiftSpot of Ground: and when
the Plants come up theSpring follow-
ing, they fhould be tranfplanted out
to the Diftance of eighteen Inches or
two Feet afunder, ina moift Soil;
where, if they are kept clear. from
Weeds, they will thrive exceeding-
ly, and the fecond Summer will pro-
duce Seeds: but the Herb may be
frequently cut for Ufe; their Roots
abiding feveralYears,wil] fhootagain
continually after being cut; fo that
a few Plants will be fufficient for the
Ulfe of a Family.

The fecond and third Sorts are
only preferved in Collections of

.Plants for Variety ; but are not in

any Ufe at prefent. ‘Thefe may be
propagated in the fame manner as
the former.

The fourth Sort has by fome Per-
fons been fuppofed to be the Hem-
lock of the Antients: it is a very
ftrong Plant : when the Leaves are
bruifed, they emit a very rank
Odour ; and the Plant is generally
thought to be very poifonous : the”
Parkinfow writes, That he could find
no poifonous.or ftinking Smell in the
Plant which he cultivated in» his
Garden: but that muft have been a
different Plant from this: for a more
fetid Scent was never obferved in any
Plant.

This is extreme hardy: if the

Seeds

LI
Seeds are permitted to fcatter, the
Plant will come up the following
Spring : but when the Seeds are
fown in the Spring, they generally
lre in the Garden a whole Year. As
this Plant grows very large, it will
require three Feet Space at leat ;
and it will grow upward of four
Feet high.
LIGUSTRUM, The Privet.
The CharaGers are ;

The Leaves grow by Pairs oppofte
to each other: the Flower confifts of
one Leaf, is tubulous, and divided at
the Top inio Ave Segments: the Ovary
in the Centre of the Flower-cup be-
comes a globular foft Fruit, full of
Juice, in whichare lodg’d four Seeds.

The Speczes are ;

t, Licusrrum vulgare. Park.
Theat. ‘The common Privet.

z.Licustrum /folits majoribus
& magis acuminatis, toto anno folia
retinens. Pluk, Alm. ‘The ever-green
Privet.

3. Licustrum foliis e luteo va-
riegatis. H. R, Par. The yellow-
blotch’d Privet.

4. Licustaum. foliis argentatis.
Breyn. Prod. The filver-ftriped Pri-
vet.

5. Ligustrum aculeatum, fru@u
tefticulato. Plum. Cat. Prickly Ameri-
can Privet, with tefticulated Fruit.

The firft of thefe Plants is very
common in the Hedges in moft
Parts of Exg/and, and therefore it is
not fo much valued by the generality
of People, as fome Shrubs which are
more rare; but it deferves a Place in
Plantation of Shrubs, as it adds to the
Variety : it commonly grows about

eight or ten Feet high, in form of a

Shrub ; but may, by Art, be train-
ed up toa much greater Height, and
may be intermixed amongit other
Trees of middling Growth in Wil-
derneffes.

This Shrub is frequently cultivated

LI

in the Nurferies near London, to fur-_
nifh the fmall Gardens and Balconies
i the City, it being one of the few
Plants which will thrive in the
Smoke of London: but altho’ it will
live fome Years in the clofe Part of
the Town, yet it feldom produces
Flowers after the firft Year, unlefs —
in forme open Places, where
there isa free Air. In the Coun-
try the Leaves will continue green
great Part of the’Winter: it fowers
in une, and the Berries ripen in
Autumn, which generally hang
upon the Branches till Chrif’mas.
The fecond Sort will grow much
larger than the firft, and is equally
hardy. The Leaves of this commonly
remain upon the Trees until the
Spring, unlefs in very hard Win-
ters; for which Reafon it is more
efteemed than the common Sort.
The Leaves of this Sort are broad-
er than thofe of the firft, and are of
a deeper Green ; the Bunches of -
Flowers are larger, and of a purer
white Colour; the Berries are alfo
much Jarger, and of a fhining-black _
Colour; therefore make a fine Ap- |
pearance in Odober and November.
This Sort will grow to fourteen or —
fixteen Feet; and is a proper Shrub
to fill up in Wildernefs-quarters.
I cannot but think this Sort, whieh 4
is the moft common in /ta/y, is the |
Liguftrum mentioned by Virgil in the
fecond Eclague: and my Reafon J
for it is, that as the Flowers of this —
Shrub are of a pure White, but fall —

eS
off very foon, they are by no means ©
proper to gather for Garlands, (ce.
and the Berries being of a fine black
Colour, and continuing long upon ©
the Plants, make a fine Appearance. —
To confirm that thefe Berries were _
gathered for Ufe, we find in feveral ,
Authors of undoubted Credit, that
they were ufed in dyeing, as alfo that —

the beft Ink was made of them.

Befides,

Ree De ee Oe ee) ee a...

Li ss

Befides, is it not much more rea-

fonable to fuppofe, that /7rgi? would

rather draw his Comparifon from the
Flowers and Fruit of the fame Plant,
when he is warning the Youth not to

truft to his Beauty, than to mention

two different Plants, as has been ge-
nerally fuppofed ? for bere are the
white Flowers of the Privet appear-
ing early in the Spring, which is an
Allufion to Youth; but thefe are of

- fhort Duration, foon faliing away ;

whereas the Berries, which may be
applied to mature Age, are of long
Continuance, and are gathered for
Ule. ,

Thefe Plants are eafily propagted
by laying down their tender Shoots
in Autumn, which in one Year’s
time will be rooted enough to tranf-
plant; when they may be removed
to the Places where they are defign-
ed to remain, or planted in a Nur-
fery for two or three. Years ; where
they may be trained for the Purpofes

_ defign'd.

They are alfo propagated by Suck-
ers, which thefe Plants fend forth in
great Plenty: but thefe are too apt
to put out a great Number of Suck-
ers from their Roots; fo are not ea-
fily kept within Bounds ; nor do the
Plants rife fo high, as thofe which
are propagated by Layers; there-
fore this Method fhould be pre-
ferred. |

Formerly thefe Plants were great-
ly in Ufe for Hedges; but fince fo
many others of greater Beauty have
been introduced, which are much
preferable to thefe for fuch Purpofes,
they have been intirely rejected, the
Trouble in keeping them in Order
being very great; nor are the
Hedges made with them ever fo
thick and handfome, as thofe made
with divers other Plants.

The two variegated Kinds are.

pretty Varieties among!t other ftri-

ae

ped Shrubs. Thefe may be propa-
gated by budding, or inarching them
upon the plain Sort, asalfo by lay-
ing down their Branches; bat as
they feldom fhoot fo faft, as to pra-
duce many Branches proper for Lay-
ers, the other Method is chiefly us’d.
The filver-ftriped Sort is fomewhat
tenderer than the plain; but wild
endure the open Air, if planted ina
dry Soil, and in a warm Situation ;
but if either of the variegated Kinds
be planted in a moift rich Soil, they
are fubject to become plain from
their vigorous Growth.

LILAC, The Pipe-tree.

The CharaG@ers are;

The Flowers confi of one Leaf, are
Funnel-fbaped, but divided at Top inta
five Segments, and are collected into
oblong fpecious Spikes: the Floavers
are fucceeded by compre/s'd Pods, which
are fearce an Inch long, and are di-
vided into two Cells, in which are
contained broad flat Seeds, which are
compre/s'd on their Edges,

The Species are ;

1. Litac Matthioli. The com-:
mon blue Lilac, or Pipe-tree.

2. Lirac flore albo. Tourn. The
white Lilac, or Pipe-tree.

3. Livac flore faturate purpuree.
Tourn. The deep-purple Lilac, or

- Pipe-tree.

4. Livac fore albo, foliis ex lutea
variegatis, Cat. Plant. Hort. The
yellow-blotch’d Lilac.

§. Lirac flore albo, foliis ex albo
vartegatis. Cat. Plant. Hort. 'The
white-blotch’d Lilac.

6. Litac folio liguftri. Touran.
Lilac with Privet-leaves, falfly call-
ed the Perfian Jaf{mine.

7. Livac laciniato folio. Tourn:
Lilac with cut Leaves, falfly called
the cut-leav’d Perfian Jafmine.

8. Linac folio ligufiri, fore alto.
The privet-leav’d Lilac, or Peeficn
Jafmine, with a white Flower.

The

Lf

The three firft Sorts commonly
grow eighteen or twenty Feet high,
and are very great Ornaments to
Quarters of flowering Trees in the
Spring during their flowering Sea-
fon, if rightly difpos’d amongft
Trees of the fame Growth. The
firft and fecond Sorts are more com-
mon than the third; but the third is
much preferable to the fecond, the
Flowers of that growing much clofer
upon the Bunches, and are of a finer
purple Colour, and the Trees gene-
rally produce them in greater Quan-
tities; fo that this, and the white
Sort, being regularly intermixed, af-
ford an agreeable Variety, tho’ the
fecond may be admitted to add a
Luftre to the other.

Thefe Plants are eafily propagated
by Suckers, which they fend forth
in great Plenty from the old Plants.
Thefe fhould be taken off in OZober,
and planted into a Nurfery, where
they may remain three or four Years;
after which time they will be fit to
tranfplant into the Wildernefs, where

they are to continue: they will re-

quire no other Culture than to dig
the Ground about them every Year,
and take off the Suckers which are
produc’d from their Roots ; which,
if fuffered to remain, would ftarve
the old Plants, and grow up into an
irregular Thicket.

As thefe Plants are always propa-
gated by Suckers, their Roots are
always difpofed to fend out great
Plenty of Suckers again; therefore
where there is not Care taken to
clear away thefe everyAutumn, they
will grow‘into a Thicket, and the
old Pianzs will be ‘ftinted in their
Growth, and not appear io beaati-
ful: but altho’ this Method of pro-
pagating thefe Plants is by much the
eafieft, yet I would choofe that of
laying down the Branches, becauie

ht

the Plants fo raifed will not be liable

to produce Suckers ; therefore are ~

much to be preferred, efpecially for
{ntall Gardens.

Thefe Trees thrive beft on light
rich Ground, where there is a Depth
of Soil; for on ftrong fhallow Soils
they grow moffy, and make little
Progrefs. Where thefe are planted
in a good Soil, they will grow up-
ward of twenty Feet high, and pro-
duce great Numbers of Flowers ;

- but in ftiff fhallow Ground they fel-

dom arrive to half that Heights nor
do they produce many Flowers.
During the time thefe Shrubs are
in Flower, there are very few others
comparable to them for Beauty or
Sweetnefs ; the Leaves being large,
and of a beautiful Green, fet off the
Flowers greatly: but thefe feldom
continue in Beauty longer than eight
or ten Days, unlefs the Seafon proves
cool and moift, when they will re-
main a Fortnight or longer. |
The two variegated Sorts are pre-
ferved by fome Perfons, who delight
in ftriped Plants, as Curiofities ; but
they have no great Beauty in them 5
for in Summer-time, when thefe
Plants are free of Growth, their
white and yellow Blotches do not
appear very plain; and when they
do, it appears more like a Dittemper
in them, than any real Beauty.
Thefe may be propagated by bud-
ding or inarching them upon the
common Sort.
The privet-leav’d Lilacs are of
humbler Growth than thofe before-
mention’d, feldom rifing above fix
or feven Feet high; but are very
great Ornaments in {mall Wilder-
nefs-quarters of flowering Shrubs,
where being intermix’d with other
Shrubs of the fame Growth, they
afford an agreeable Profpect. Thefe
produce their Flowers in much long-
er

=

er and flenderer Bunches than the
other Sorts, and have a more agree-

able Scent. ;
They may be propagated from

“Suckers, as the former; but as they

_ feldom produce them in fuch Plenty,

hence the moft expeditious Method

is, to propagate them by Layers,

_ which will take Root in one Year fit
to -tranfplant; and the Plants thus
yaifed will have better Roots, and
not fo liable to put out Suckers as

| Soil.
| their Flowers are of longer Duration

the other ; fo fhould be preferred to

them.
The Sort with white Flowers is

- anaccidental Variety from the other ;

and having pale Flowers, inclining

to white, is preferved by the Nur-

fery-gardeners, for the fake of Va-
riety.

‘The cut-leav’d Sort differs from
the other in having many of its

| Leaves deeply cut into feveral Seg-
| ments; the Flowers are alfo of a
brighter purple Colour, and make a

finer Appearance.

Thefe are very hardy Shrubs, and
will grow in almoft any Situation ;
but they thrive beft on a light loamy
They flower in May, and

than thofe of the common Lilac.
LILIASTRUM. Vide Hemero-

| callis.

LILIO-ASPHODELUS. Vide

| Hemerocallis & Crinum,

LILIO-FRITILLARIA. Vide

| Fritillaria.

LILIO-HYACINTHUS.
Scilla.
LILIO-NARCISSUS. Vide A-
maryllis.
LILIUM, The Lily.
The Charaers are ;
It hath a buléous Root, confifting of
feveral fiefhy Scales adbering to an

Vide

| Axis: the Stalk is greatly furnifbed

with Leaves: the Flower is compos d

of fix Leaves, andis rap da famewhat

like a Bell: in fome Species the Petals
are greatly rejiex'd, but in others but
little: from the Centre of the Flower
rifes the Pointal, which becomes an
oblong Fruit, that is commonly trian-
gular, divided into three Cell;, and
full of comprefs'd Seeds, which are
border'd, lying upon each other in a@
double Row.
The Species are ;

1. Litium album, flore ere&o &F
ap C.B. P. Common white
Lily.

2. Lintum album inodorum, flare
pleno. H. R. Par. The double white
Lily, without Smell.

3- Litium album, floribus depen-
dentibus, five peregrinum. C. B. P.
The foreign white Lily, with hang-
ing Flowers.

4. Litium album, lato caule, mui-
tiforum. H.R. Par. The white Lily,
with broad flat Stalks, bearing many
Flowers.

§- Litium album vulgare, foliis
ad limbos flavefcentibus. H. L. Com-
mon white Lily, with ftrip’d Leaves.

6. Litium album, flore lineis pur-
pureis variegato. D. Marchant. The *
white Lily, ftrip’d with Purple.

7. LILIUM purpureo-croceum ma-~
jus.C.B.P. ‘The common Orange-
lily, wulgo.

8. Litium pumilum cruentum,
Park, Par. The dwarf red Lily.

g. Litium rubrum, multiplige
fiore. Park. Par. The double red
Lily.

10. Litium bulbifcrum anguftife-
lium. C.B.P. Narrow-leay'd bul-
biferous Lily, commonly call’d the
Firy-lily.

11. Linium floribus reflexis, mon-
tanum. C. B. P. The Imperial Mar-
tagon,

12. Linium foribus refiexis albis
pun&atis. C. P. B, The white-f{pot-
ted Martagon.

13. Linivum floribus reflexis albis

. aR

28. Litium floribus reflexis, mon?

ai

non punéatis. C. B. P. The white

Martagon, without Spots.
34. Litium fortbus reflexis, mon-

tanum, fiore pleno. 4. R. Par. The

double-flowering Martagon.

15. Lirium flavum anguftifolium,
fore favo, maculis nigris diftinfo.
€.B.P. The {potted Canada Mar-
tagon, vulgo.

-46. LiLiuM miniatum odorum an-
guftifolium. C.B.P. The {fecarlet
Martagon of Pompony, vulgo. ‘

17. Litium Byzantinum minia-
tum polyanthos. C. B. P. The {car-

- let Martagon, with many Flowers.

18. Litium Byzautinum minia-
tum. C.B.P. The common {carlet
Martagon.

tg. Litium Byzantinum, fore

tanum, longiore fpita. C. B.P. The
Martagon with a long Spike of
Flowers.

29. Litium foribus reflexis vari-
#5, five tertium, C. B. P. The ftrip’d
Martagon.

30. Litium floribus reflexis, poly-
anthos album punfatum. C. B. P.
The white-fpotted Martagon, with
many Flowers.

31. Litium Byxantinum feroti-
num. Hort. Eyft. ‘The late flower: —
ing Martagon of Conflantinople.

32. Litium floribus reflexis, —

Americanum maximum, flore rubente,

Serctinum. The greateft American —
late - flowering Martagon, with red
Flowers.

There are fome other Varieties of
thefe Plants, which are pteferved in
the curious Gardens abroad, moft of ©
which were formerly in Exgland (as
may be gather’d from Parkin/on, and

flavo. C. B. P. The yellow Marta-
gon of Conftantinople.

20. LiLium purpureo-croceum ma-
jus, foliis ex luteo eleganter variega-

zis. The Orange-lily, with beau-

aS eS ee ee Oe Oe ee e ——s *
rn Cab bes tics seri

tiful variegated Leaves.

21. Litium purpureum minus,
frore pleno. C.B.P. Leffler red Lily,
with a double Flower.

22. Litium cruentum polyanthos.
Hort. Eyf?.- Firy-lily, with many
Flowers.

23. Littum bulbiferum latifolium
majus. C. B, P. Greater broad-
leav’d bulb-bearing Lily.

24. Litium Jdulbiferum = minus.
G. B, P. Smaller bulb-bearing Lily.

25. Litium floribus reflexis, mon.
tanum, flore aliicante. C.B. P.
The Martagon with a whitifh Flow-
er.

26. Litrum floribus reflexis,
montanum, frore maculis rubris inor=
dinatis afperfo. "The Martagon with
Flowers fpotted inordinately with
red.

"ay Litium floribus reflexis, mon-
tanum, fore carneo. H.R. Par. ‘The
pale-red or flefh - coloured. Marta-

on,
. 6

feveral other Writers upon curiens ©
Flowers) ; but thefe which are here —
mention’d are all the Sorts I can, at
prefent, find in the Gardens near ©
London: tho’ it is very probable, —
many of the other Sorts may be found —
in fome old Gardens of this King- ~
dom, which were former'y poffefs’d
by curious Delighters in Flowers :
for as moft of thefe Sorts are very ©
hardy, and will grow with little —

Culture, fo when they are once fix’d

in a Garden, they are not very fub- —
ject to decay, unlefs their Rootsare ~
deftroy’d, but will abide many Years
without any Care; therefore from
fuch Places there may be Hopes of ~
retrieving thofe Flowers again. rs

The common white Lily is fo well ve
known, that it will be needlefs to :
fay any thing of itin this Place. The

fecond Sort with double Flowers is,
by fome Perfons, preferved by way —
of Curiofity; but there is no Beauty
in it; for the Flowers feldom open,
and

a a. Te ed bl! * at

© 4,1
and have no Scent ; fo that it {carce-
ly deferves a Place in a good Gar-
eo. The third Sort with pendulous
Flowers is fometimescalled the white
| Conftantinople Lily, from whence it

Was formerly brought; but is now
_ Become almoft as plenty as the com-
| mon white Lily in many Gardens:
| this differs from the commion Sort
in having flender Stems, which are
| Gfa purplith Colour ; and the Pe-
tals of the Flowers are narrower, and
the Flowers are fémewhat lefs,; and
always hang down. |

Thefe Plants are all very hardy,
and require nd other Culture, than
to be taken up every other Year (in
Fuly, after the Flowers are decay’d),
and pull off the Suckers from them;
Which, if fafferd to remain on;
Would ftarve the old Roots, and
Caufe them to flower very wéak:
but they fhould not be kept long
Out of the Ground, nor removed at-
jter theif Leaves appear above-
}ground; both which will weaken
|the Roots fo much, that they will
)Hot flower the following Summer.
| They increafe greatly from Off-fets,
whereby they are become fo com:
inion as to be little efteem’d.
The fourth Sort is orily an acci-
jdental Variety of the common white
\Lily, which proceeds from the
Strength of the Roots, and by two
jor three Stems joining togéther ih
‘One, as is frequently obferved in the
Buds of Afparagus, and many other

inds of Vegetables; in which,
whenever this happens, they are al-
}ways flat: but this is fat from ‘be-
ng a diftinc&t Species: however, as
it hath been mentioned by many
Writers on Botany, I thought pro-
per to infert it in this Place.
The ftrip’d-leav’d Lily is a great
Ornament to Flower-borders during
he Winter - feafon, their beautiful
variegated Leaves always appearing
Vou, Il.

L I

in September 3 and are continu’d all
the Winter, making a fine Appear-
ance in the Depth of Winter, when
few other Plants are in Beauty: for
which Reafon this Plant hata been
greatly propagated of late Years,
This is increas’d as the common
Sort ; but the Roots fhould always
be planted in a frefh light Soil, in
which they will thrive exceedingly :
but if you make the Ground rich
with Dang, it will certainly deftroy
them, as will alfo a very wet or
ftrong Soil. The Seafon for tran{=
planting thefe Roots is the jame
with the common Sort. :

The white Lily ftrip’d with Purple
kas not been many Years brought
into Exglaad. Of this Kind theré
are two Sorts; one of which is much
more beautifully variegated than the
other ; both of which were obtain’d
originally from Seed. Thefeare both
propagated in the fame manner ag
the common Sort; but fhould be

planted in a dry fandy Soil; mix’d.

with a little Lime rabbifh, and ex-
pos'd to the morning Sun: in which
Soil anid Situation they will flower
exceeding well; and their Stripes
will be much deeper colour’d than
when they are planted in a richer
Soil, and their Roots will make a
better Increafe.

The Orange-lily is fo well known,
that it is needlefs to fay any thing of
it here. That Sort which iscommonly
call'd the double Orange-lily, differs
from the common only in having
two or three more Petals in each
Flower, which is not conftant, but
very apt to degenerate to the com-
mon Sort; fothat it isfcarcely worth
preferving, unlefs for Variety-fake.
Thefe are propagated by Off-fets
from the old Roots, which are com-
monly fent forth in great Plenty ;
and therefore the Roots fhould never
remain more than two Years unre-

Ddd mov d,

a a ee ee ae ee ee en eT

Se Se a eee

et

mov'd, becaufe the Number of Off-

fets watt greatly weaken them,
and render their Flowers fmall, and
fewer in Number. Thefe may be
tranfplanted any time from the Be-
ginning of Auguff to the End of
Ofober ; for they do not fhoot again
foon after their Stems are decay ‘d, as
do the white Lilies; but, on the
contrary, remain til February before
they appear above-ground; but,
However, they fhould not be re-
moved later than Ooler, ‘They

will grow in almof any Soil or Si--

tuation, but beft in a dry light Soil,
and an open Expofure.

The bulbous firy Lily produces its
Flowers three Weeks before the
common Sort, ahd is much more
beautiful. ‘This Sort was formerly
more common than at prefent, as
were feveral otherSorts of Lilies: itis
equally as hardy as the common Sort,

_ and doth increafe much fafter: for

upon the Flower-ftems, between the

Wings of the Leaves and the Stalk,

are produc’d fmall Bulbs; which,

when taken off, and planted, be-.

come ftrong Roots in two Years ; fo

that it may be render’d very plenti-

ful in a fhort time, were People. to
plant all their Increafe. This requires
the fame Soil and Culture as the
Orange-lily ; as doth alfo the dwarf
red Lily, which is nearly allied to
this. They will grow under T’rees ;
which renders them proper to plant
in Wilderneffes; where, when in-
termix’d amongft other hardy Flowers
of the fume Growth, they will make

- a beautiful Appearance, and are very

ufeful to furnith Bafins and Flower-
“pots for Halls, Chimneys, c. du-
ring the Seafon of Flowering.

The Imperial Martagon is very
common in moft old Gardens in
England. This is equally as hardy
as the common Lily, and requires no
other Culture ; the Flowers are pro-

Se
duced the latter End of Muy, aif
make a very handfome Figure in ©
the Middle of large Borders in a
Flower-garden ; but the Scent is too
{trong to be borne by may People: -}
for which Reafon they fhould never _
be placed in Bafins of Flowers ina
Room, nor be planing too near the
Houfe.,

The white, and the white-fpotted
Martagons flower about the Middle
of June, or fometimes later. Thefe
produce a greater Number of Flow-
ers upon a Stalk than the former ;
but the Flowers are feldom fo large, —
and commonly grow more fparfedly —
on the Stalks. Thefe have a flrong —
Scent, but not quite fo difagreeable _
as the former. ‘The Roots of thefe —

lants fhould be tranfplanted foon a
after their Stems decay ; for if they
are taken up late in the Autumn,
they feldom produce their Flowers ©
{trong the fucceeding Summer. Thefe
require a frefh light Soil, and an ©
open Situation : if they are fuffered ©
to remain three Years. undifturb’d, |
they will make a good Tnereafe, and
produce ftrong Flowers. a

The double Martagon requires
the fame Soil and Culture with the ©
two laft. This produces a large)
Quantity of fair double Flowers up-)
on each Stem, which renders it very )|
valuable: the Flowers commonl 4 |
appear the Beginning of July, o
fomewhat later. .

The fpotted Canada Martagon ig
much tenderer than any of the ford q
mer. The Roots of this Sort fhould |
be planted in a warm Border, where” |
they may be protected from fever€ ‘
hard Frofts, by covering the Surfa
of the Ground with Peas- haulm, @fa i
It mutt alfo have a, frefh light dry’
Soil; and fhould be planted at lealt
fix Inches deep : for when the Roots |
lie near the Surface, they are often |,
injured by Frofts in Winter. . it a

Te i

ey
Peet Ls
"This Plant was originally brought
om Canada by the French, from
whom we were firft fupply’d with it;
but fince we have receiv’d many
Roots of it from Virginia, where it
alfo grows in great Plenty in the
Fields. The Flowers of this Kind
are almoft as large as thofe of the
Orange-lily, but are more reflex’d,
and of a fine yellow Colour, fpotted
With Black : this fidwers in July.
-The red Martagon of Pompony is
one of the moit beautiful Sorts of all
the Martagons which I have yet feen ;
and produces the greateft Number of
Flowers upon a Stem of any of the
Kinds (efpecially when the Roots are
ftrong, and have remain’d undifturb'd
two or three Years), when they will
many times have upward of four-
{core Flowers upon a Stem: the
Flowersare not fo large, nor fo deep-
coloured, as the fcarlet Martagon,
but rather of a yellowifh-red Co-
lour, and fpotted with black: this
flowers commonly the Latter end of
May, or the Beginning of Fuze.

The Roots of this Plant are ten-

der, and will not endure to be often
tranfplanted ; for that will deftroy
them: the beft Seafon to remove
them, is foon after their Stems de-
cay; when they fhould never be
kept long out of the Ground, but
planted again-as foon as poflible.
Thefe require a firefh light fandy
Soil, but will by no means thrive in

a rich moift Soil, which will caufe-

them to rot ; and they muft have an
open Expolure ; for if they are over-
hung by Trees, they will not thrive.
This thould alfo be planted as deep
in the Ground as the Canada Mar-
tagon, for the fame Reafon as was
betore obferv’d on that.

The fcarlet Martagon with many
Flowers is in fome curious Gardens
very common, it being avery hardy
Plant in refpe&t to Cold, which it

LI

endures very well, and is eafily pro-
pagated from Off fets, as the other
Serts; but mufthavea warm light dry
Soil, which fhould not be dung’d, nor
overfhadow’d with Trees, either of
which will caufe the Roots to decay.
This is a very beautiful Flower, and
very proper to adorn the Borders of
large Flower-gardens. it produces ics
Flowers in Faly, after molt of the
other Sorts, which are of a deep-
{carlet Colour, growing many upoh
a Stalk,

The other fearlet Martagon is al-
fo common in fome Gardens, but
is not fo much valu’d as the lait : the
Flowers are not fo deep-colour’d,
and it feldom has more than fix or
eight upon a Stem. This flowers
about the time of the former, and
requires the fame Soil and Culture.

The yellow Martagon of Conftan=

tinople is very rare in England at’

prefent, and only to be found-in the
Gardens of fome curious Collectors
of thefe Beauties. This requires much

the fame Culture as the two laft-men- -

tioned ; but muft not be often re-
mov’d, which will not only weaken
the Root, but alfo prevent its flow-
ering. When the Roots of this Kind

have been flanding three Years upon

a good frefh dry Soil; [ have obferv-
ed above forty Flowers upon a Stem,
which have made a very beautiful
Appearance. This flowers about
the fame Seafon as the former.

The ftrip’d-leav’d Orange-lily is a
very beautiful Plant, and was a few
Years fince fold at a very great
Price; but of late it hath been more
common, as being eafily propagated
by Off-fets ; fo that when it is once
obtain’d, it may be foon increas’d to
what Number you pleafe, provided
you plant it in a dry Soil, and a
warm Situation. This beautiful Plant
was, fome Years fince, accidentally
produe’d from Seeds of the common

Dddaz- Orange-

~~. ee

‘
:
"es
e.g a ee ee

;
Li

Orange-lily, which were fhed upon
a Border, where they were fuffered
to grow, until this Plant appear’d
with its fine variegated Leaves;
which the Owner, upon Difcovery,
mark’d, and, at a proper Seafon,
remov'd into a better Situation,
where it throve, and increas’d fo
well, as in a few Years to be {pread
into divers Parts of the Kingdom.
This Plant muft never be planted in
a rich Seil, which will greatly di-
minifh its Beauty, and many times
caufe the Roots to decay.

The feven Sorts next-mentioned
are alfo worthy of a Place in every
good Garden. Thefe were fome
Years paft in greater Plenty in the
Englife Gasdens, than they are at
prefent ; but in fome of the curious
Gardens in Ho/land they are yet pre-
ferved: thefe are as hardy as thofe
before - mentioned, and fhould be
treated in the fame way. ‘The lait
Sort was brought from America,
where it grows wild in the Saven-
nas: this hath a Stem, upwards of

three Feet high, and produces a large ©

Number of beautiful Flowers upon
ezch Stem ; and as it feldom flowers
till after all the others are over, fo
it is the moré valuable. This is
hardy in refpect to Cold, but muft
have a light dry Soil.

All the Sorts of Lilies and Marta-
gons may be propagated by fowing
their Seeds ; by which Method fome
new Varieties may be obtain’d, pro-
vided the Seeds are fav’d from the
beft Sorts; efpecially the Martagons,
which are more inclinable to vary
than the other Lilies. The manner
of fowing them is as follows :

You muft be provided with fome
fyuare Boxes about fix Inches deep,
which fhould have Holes bored in
their Bottoms to let the Wet pafs
of: thefe Boxes fhould be fill’d with
frefh light fandy Earth, and in the

=. 1. ne ee eee * « eet \

\ “ Bie,
A os eo ee
Ms

Beginning of Auguf?, foon after the 4

Seeds are ripe, you muft fow them _
thereon pretty thick, covering them —
over with light fifted Earth about —
half an Inch; then place the Boxes _
where they may have the morning ©
Sun only; obferving,’if the Seafon ~
fhould prove dry, to refrefh them of- ~
ten with Water, as alfo to pull cut —
all Weeds which may be produced. —
In this Situation the Boxes fhould ~
remain until Ofober, when you muft
remove them where they may have

_ as much Sun as poffible, as alfo be

{creen’d from the cold North and *
Eaft Winds, during the Winter-fea-
fon: but in the Spring of the Year, ©
about the Beginning of 4pri/, you
muft remove the Boxes into their
former Pofition ; for now the young
Plants will appear above - ground,
which are impatient of too much ©
Heat: befides, the Earth in the @
Boxes will dry too faft at this Sea-
fon, if expos’d to the full Sun at_
Noon. “You muft alfo obferve, at
this Seafon, to keep them intirely ©
clear from Weeds, as alfo to refrefli
them gently with Water, if the Sea-
fon fhould prove dry: in this Place
you fhould let the Boxes remain un-
til the Beginning of 4ugu/?, at which
time you fhould prepare fome Beds
of the above - mention’d frefh light |
Earth, which muft be levell’d very |
even: then take the Earth out of
the Boxes, together with the {mall
Bulbs, and ftrew it equally over the
Beds, covering it over about half an
Inch thick with fine-fifted Earth ;
and if the Seafon fhould prove very
hot and dry, you would do well to 7
fhade the Beds in the Middle of the ©
Day from thegreat Heat of the Sun, 7
and to refrefh them now-and-then 7
with Water. Pi
You mut alfo obferve to keep
them intirely clear from Weeds; and
if the following Winter fhould prove

very ef '

LT

very cold, you muft cover the Beds
with Peas-haulm, or fome other light
Covering, to keep out the Frott,
_ which would prejudice the Roots, if
fuffer’'d to enter deep into the

round (efpecially while they are
fo young): bat you muft never let
the Covering remain on in mild
Weather, which would alfo be very
injurious to them.

In February, when the hard Frofts
are over, you fhould gently clear
off the Earth upon the Surface of
the Beds (which, during the Winter-
feafon, will often have contratted a
Moffinefs) ; and fift a little freth
_ Earth equally over the Beds, which
will greatly encourage the Roots:
but in doing this, you muft be very
careful not to ftir the Ground fo
deep as to injure the Roots: nor
fhould you defer doing it too late,
left the Shoots thould be coming
up; which, by this Operation, might
be broken, and greatly hurt: and
as the Seafon advances, you mutt be
careful to clear them from Weeds,
and in dry Weather to water them ;
and in very hot Days, if you fhade
them from the Sun, it will be of
great Service to them : but this need
not be done till the Latter-end of
April, or the Beginning of May,

when, the Seaion is fometimes very |

hot and dry.

When their Leaves are quite de-
cay’d, you fhould ftir the Surface of
the Beds again (but do not go too
deep); which will prevent the
Weeds from growing very faft, and
be of Service to the Roots: and in
September you mutt fift fome more
frefh Earth over the Beds about half
an Inch thick: and in Winter and
_ Spring you muft manage them as was
- direéted for the preceding Year.

In September following thefe Roots
will require to be tranfplanted to a
greater Diftance, when you mui

ee AL ee en ae Prabewss ae s 1

L I.
prepare fome Beds of the fame freth
light Earth, as was before directed,
making them level: then take up
the Roots, and tranfplant them into
the Beds, placing them about eight
Inches afunder, obferving to put
the Roots with their Buds upper-
moft, and about four Inches below
the Surface.

This Work fhould be done when
the Weather is moift; for if the
Roots are tranfplanted in a very dry
Seafon, and there doth not happen
Rain foon after, they will take a
Mouldinefs, which many times rots
them.

You mutt alfo obferve, as was be-
fore direéted, to keep the Beds in- _
tirely clear from Weeds: and in
Winter, if the Froft fhould be very
fevere, you mult cover them with
Peas -haulm, to prevent the Roots
from being injured thereby : and in
the Spring you fhould take off the
Earth from the Surface of the Beds,
as before, laying fome frefh thereon,
and fo continue the Summer and
Winter’s Work, as before. '

The fecond Year after being
planted in thefe Beds, the ftrongett
Roots will begin to flower; at
which time, if you obferve any pe-
culiar Varieties, you fhould put
down a Stick by each of thofe Roots
to mark them; which may be taken
up when their Leaves are decay’d,
and remov’d into the Borders of the
Fiower-garden, or tranfplanted into
other Beds at a greater Diftance, to
encourage them to flower ftrong.
But you can’t be a Judge which of
thofe will be good by their fir”
Flowers ; therefore you fhould ne- ~
ver reject any of them until they
have flower’d two or three Years ; |
for many times fome of thefe
Flowers will make but a mean Ap- |)
pearance the firit Year, and after-
wards become fair handfome Flow-

Ddd 43 ers,

an, Ft

Se |= =

i_

ers, when they have obtained
S:rength ; fo that you fhould fuffer
all fuch, of pies Worth you are
not aflured, to remain undifturbed
two or chree Years, that you may
be afcertain’d willich of them are
worthy preferving; which fhould
be remov’d into the Flower-garden
at a proper Seafon: but the ordi-
nary ones may be rejected, or plant-
ed in fhady outer Walks, where,
tho’ they are mean Flowers, they
will appear well enough.

LILIUMCON V ALLIUM Vide
Convallaria.

LILIUM PERSICUM. “ide
Fritillaria.

LILIUM SUPERBUM.
Gloriofa.

LIME-TREE. Vide Tilia.

LIMON, The Lemon-tree.

The Charaéers are ;

It hath large fiiff Leaves like the
Citron, without any Appendage at
the Bottom: the Flowers confift of
many Leaves, which expand in form
of a Rofe: the Fruit is almoft of an
oval Figure, and divided into feveral

Vide

» Cells, in which are lodged bard Seeds

furrounded by a thick firfry 8 ubflance,
which, for the moft part, is full of
an acid ‘fuice.
The Species are ;
1. Limon vulgaris. Ferr.. Hefp.
The common Lemon.

2. Limon dulcis. Ferr. Hefp. The

. {weet Lemon

3. LIMon acris. Fern. He/p. The
lefier four Lemon. |

4. Limon dulei medulla, vulgaris,
Ferr, Hefp. ‘The common {weet
Lemon.

‘sg. Limon pyri efigie. Ferr. He/p.
The pear-fhap’d Lemon.

6. Limon Lmperialis. Ferr. He/p.

~The Imperial Lemon.

7. Limon Adami Pomum commune.
Ferr Hefp. Lemon, commonly call-
ed Adam’s Appie.

in > hee oh ae ae Lb oe of
elise ALM Re

" feo eleganter ftriatis.

es |

8. Limon /fpineolas. Ferr. Help. E
The wild Lemon, vulgo. ‘i

g. Limon /riatus vulgatior. Ferr.
Hefp. Vhe furrow’d-Lemon.

10. Limon citratus, altero fetus.
Tourn. ‘The Childing Lemon, val-

0.

11, Limon gui lima acris dici-
tur. Ferr. Hefp. Vhe four Lime.

12. Limon qui lima dulcis dici-
tur. Ferr. He/p. The {weet Lime.

13. Limon wulgaris, foliis ex lu-
The gold-
ftrip’d Lemon.

14. Limon vulgaris, foliis ex al-
bo variegatis. ‘The filver - ftrip’d
Lemon. ;

There are fome other Varieties of
thefe Trees in the curious Gardens
abroad, from whence we may ex-
pect to be fupply’d with them all,
fince there are every Year: large
Quantities of thefe Trees brought
over from fta/y, where the Garden- 7
ers are a8-fond of any new Kinds to ©
fupply their Cuftomers with, as our

‘Countrymen are of new Sorts of

Fruit. But fince thefe Varieties aré 4
annually increafed from Seeds; like ©
other Fruits, it would be needle‘sto —
attempt an Account of them all, be- —
caule in avery fhort time many new
Varieties may be produced.

The Fruit ef the four firft Sorts
are generally brought over from Li/-
bon every Year in great Plenty, and

are fold promifcuoufly in Londox, in —

Winter and Spring; as are great
Numbers of the ‘Trees; which are |
annually brought over from /aly.

The fifth, fixth, and feventh Sorts ~~

are prefervd, for their Variety, in
many curious Gardens; buat the ©
fifth is very uncommon in England ~
at prefent. . _

The fixth is a very large beanti>
ful Sort, and of. an agreeable Fla- ~

_vour: this has produced very good

Fruit in divers Gardens in Svasluail ug
which —

a

as been as well-tafted as any
f thofe which are brought over from

Italy. .

The feventh Sort is fomewhat
tenderer than the other, and requires
a warmer Situation in Winter ; other-
wife the Fruit is very fubje& to drop
off at that Seafon.

The eighth Sort is commonly
call’d the wild Lemon (though im-
properly), becaufe it has “many
Thorns upon the Branches ; bat this
will produce very fair Fruit in this
Kingdom. The Flowers of this
Kind are generally of a redifh or
purplith Colour on the Outfide be-
fore they open ; but afterwards fade,
and change toa paler. The Leaves
of this are alfo of a very deep Green,
and gently ferrated upon their Edges.

The furrow’d Lemon is in divers
Gardens in England, where the Fruit
very often ripens well, and is chiefly
kept for Variety, as differing from
the common Sort in having deep
Furrows inthe Fruit; but it is not
fo good for Ufe, nor does the Fruit
produce fo much Juice, as the com-
mon Sort.

The childing Lemon is alfo pre-
ferved as a Curiofity, the old Fruit
commonly producing a young one

from its Centre.

' ‘The two Sorts of Limes are like-
wife in many Gardens in this King-
dom; but thefe require the fame
Degree of Warmth as the Shaddock
Orange, in order to produce Fruit 5
for if they are placed among Orange-
trees, the Fruit will fall away in
Winter, and come to nothing.

The two variegated Sorts are pre-
ferved for their ftrip’d Leaves (which
are greatly efteem’d by fome Per-
fons who are curious in coileéting
variegated Plants); but thefe are
tenderer than the plain Sorts; and
if not duly attended in Winter, will

+p us ee a a

| ee tle ee ne ae Pe

ae

be very.apt to caft their Leaves, and
appear very unfightly,

There is alfo another Sort, which
produces double Flowers ; but this
feems not to be very conitant ; for
I have obferv’d upon the fame Tree
fome Flowers fingle, and others dou-
ble, at the fame time. ,

All thefe Sorts are propagated by
budding or inarching them on Stocks
of Lemons or Citrons produced from

Seeds ; but they will not fo readily

unite on Orange-ftocks ; for which
Reafon the Citrons are preferable to
either Oranges or Lemons for
Stocks,as they readily join with either
Sort ; and being of larger Growth,
caufe the Buds of the other Sorts to
fhoot much itronger than if they
were on Stocks of their own Kind.
The Method of raifing thefe Stocks,
and the Manner of budding them,
being already exhibited under the
Article of Aurantium, it would be
fuperfluous to repeat it here.

The Calture of the Lemon being
the fame with that of the Orange-
tree, it would be alfo needlefs tore-
peat it here: therefore I fhall only
obferve, that the common Lemons
are fomewhat hardier than the Oran-
ges, and will bring their Fruit to
Maturity with us better than they
will do, and require a greater Share
of frefh Air in Winter ; for which
Reafon they fhould always be placed
nearer to the Doors or Windows of
the Green-houfe : and in fome curi-
ous Gardens thefe Trees have been
planted againft Walls ; where, by
covering them with Glafies in Win-
ter, and protecting them from fe-
vere Froft, they have produced
plenty of large Fruit : as thefe Trees
generally produce ftronger Shoots,
fo they require more Water to be
given them, than the Orange; but
as to the tender Sorts, they muft be

Ddd4 "treated

. expanded at the Ti op:

Rip:
ip mcere

met 58

treated with a little more Care, ©
‘otherwife their Fruit will fall off in

Winter, and come to nothing. Thefe
Things being fully exhibited owed
I refer the Reader (as I hinted) t
the Article 4urantium, where their
Culture is fully fet forth,

LIMONIUM, Sea-lavender.

TheC bathers are ;

It hath a fibrofe Rast: the Stalks
are naked and branched: the Cup of
the Flower is long and tubulofe, but
the Flower in
Some Species confifis of one Leaf, but
in others of feveral, and is foaped like
a Chve- gilliflower: the Pointal,
which arifes out of the Flower- cup,
becomes an oblong Fruit, wrapt up in
the Flower-cup, as in an Hu/fk,

The Species are ;

1. Limon1uM maritimum majus.

C.B. P. Common great Sea-la-
vender.
\ 2. Limonium maritimum majus
alterum ferotinim Narbonenfe. H.R.
Par. Another large late - flowering
Sea- lavender of N. Ss bohois:

3. LIMONIUM maritimum minut,
olee folio. C. B.P. Small Sea- la.
vender, with an Olive-leaf.

4. Limontum Anglicum minus,
caulibus ramofioribus, floribys in fpi-
cis rarius fitis. Rait Hif. Leffer
LEnglifo Sea-lavender, with branch’d
Stalks, and F lowers feldom growing
in a Spike.
er: Limonium Orientale, planta-
ginis folio, foribus umbellatis. T. Cor.
Oriental Sea- lavender, with Plan-
tain-leaves, and Flowers growing in
an Umbel. .

6, Limonitum OMG Shit ae Sfolits
a/plenii. C, B.P: Foreign S Sea-laven-

.der, with Spleenwort-l -leaves.

7. Limonium Siculum, lignofum,
gallas ferens, Ef non fperens.. Bocce.
Woody Sic cilian Sea - laven-

_ticofum,

Li

8. Limowium minus, flagellis for"

¥

tuafis. Boce. Muf. Small Sea- Mie

der, with twifted Shoats.

. LIMONIUM maritimium minus,
0 _folialjs cordatis. C. B. P. Small Sea-
lavender, with little Leaves, which
are heart fhap’d.

10. LIMONIUM - minus annuum,
bullatis foliis, vel echioides. Bot.
Mon/p. Small annual Sea-lavender,
with ftudded Leaves.

11. Limonium AE gyptiacum fra
foliis lanceolatis obtufise
Shrubby Egyptian Sea-lavender, with
blunt fpear-fhap’d Leaves.

There are feveral other Species of
this Plant, which are found upon the
Sea-coatts of Italy, Spain, and the
Southern Parts of France ; but thefe
here mention’d are all the Sorts EF
have obferv’d in the Englif Gar-
dens. The firft and fourth Sorts are
found upon the Sea-coafts in divers
Parts of Exgland, efpecially the firft,
which is the moft common; the other
being only found in fome particular
Places. The eighth Sort has been
found on the Coaft of Norfolk. The
fecond and third Sorts are pretty
common in the Southern Parts of
France. The fifth Sort was found
by Monf. Tournefort in the Levant.
The fixth, which is the moft bean-
tifal of all the Sorts, was found by
Mr. Ray in great Plenty i in divers
Parts of Sici4y; and Clufius obferv’d
it at Malaga, and about Cadiz. The
feventh Sort, which grows to the
Stature of a Shrub, was found in
Sicily by Pere Bodtonk, and by him

figur’d and defcrib’d a8 his Book of |

Rare Sicilian Plants.

The five firit-mention’d Sorts are
pretty hardy, and will endure the
Cold of our ordinary Winters very
well, provided they have a fandy
Soil, and a warm Situation: thefe
may be propagated by parting the

Roots

LI

Roots toward the Latter-end of
O@ober. When they are planted,
which fhould be ina light fandySoil,
you muft water and fhade them un-
til they have taken Root; after
which, they will require no other
Culture than to keep them clear
from Weeds. In Fuly thefe Plants
will produce beautiful Spikes or
Tufts of blue or purple-coloured
Flowers, which will continue in Per-
feftion a long time; and if the Sea-
fon proves favourable in Autumn,
_ they will ripen their Seeds.
‘The fixth Sort is fomewhat ten-
derer than the others, and muft be
preferved in-Pots fill’d with frefh
light Earth, and placed in the Green-
- honfe in hard Weather, otherwife
the Cold of. our Winters often de-
| ftroys them. This Plant muft be
propagated by Seeds; for it feldom
lives longer than two Years; for
which Reafon the beft’Method is, to
| be furnifh’d with good Seeds from
abroad (for it feldom perfects its
Seeds in England) 5 which, if fown
upon a warm Border of frefh light
Earth, will come up very, well ; tho’
fometimes the Seed will lie in the
Ground a whole Year, before the
Plants will appear. In the Summer,
when the Plants have acquir’d fuffi-
| cient Strength for Tranfplantation,
| they muft be taken up, and planted
in Pots, placing them in the Shade

until they have taken Root ; after
_ which, they maybe expofed to the
_ open Air until Osher, when they
_muft be removed into the Green-
houfe, obferving to place them wirere
_ they may have as much free Air as
_ poffible in mild Weather. This Plant
_ produces its Flowers in Fu/y and Au-

guf, and many times continues in
_ Beauty the greateft Part of Septem-

er.
_ The feventh Sort rifes to be twe

1

or three Feet high, and hath flender
woody Pranches; from which, in
Fuly and Auguft, are produced Spikes
of {mall blue Flowers, which make
a very handfome Appearance (ef{pe-
cially in a warm Seafon, when their
Flowers open kindly), and continue
in Beauty a long time.

This Plant is propagated by plant-
ing fome of the tenderCuttings m any
the Summer -months, in Pots fill’d
with light fandy Earth, and placed
in a moderate Hot-bed to facilitate
their taking Root ; and after they
are rooted, they may be expos‘d to
the open Air until Ober, when

they muit be removed into a Green-

houfe, placing them in a Situation
where they may have as much free
Air as pofible in mild Weather:
during the Winter-feafon, they
fhould have frequent, but gentle Re-
frefhings with Water: you mutt alfo
obferve to keep them clear from de-
cay’d Leaves and Branches, which,
if {uffer’d to remain, will render the
Plants unfightly: and in the Sum-
mer-feafon they fhould be expos’d in
fome well - fhelter’d Place amongft
other Exotic Plants.

The tenthSort is an annual Plant,
which rarely perfects Seeds in Eng-
land ; {o that the Seeds mutt be an-
nually procured from abroad. This
is found wild in Jtaly, and feveral
Parts of Spain: it flowers with
us the Beginning of September,
and is commonly deftroyed by the
frft Frofts in the Autumn.

The eleventh Sort is a fhrubby
Plant, which grows five or fix Feet
high. The Seeds of this Sort I re-

ceived from Egypt fome Years fince.

This Sort is hardy enough to live
thro” the Winter in a common
Green-houfe, and may be treated
in the fame manner as hath beer
directed for the feventh Sort.

LINARIA,

- Toad-flax.

PERE I

LINARIA, Toad-fiax.

- The Charaéers ares

The Leaves are oblong, and pro-
duced alternately on the Branches:
the Cup of the Flower confifts of one
Ecaf. wzbich is divided into five long
acute Segments: the Flawer, which
confifis of one Leaf, is of an anoma-
fous perfonated Figure, ending in a
Tail behind, and in the Fore-part di-
wided into tawe Lips; of which the
upper is cut into tao or mare Parts,
and the under into three: the Ovary
favhich rifes from the Centre of the
Flower-cup) becomes @ roundifo Fruit
or Hufk, divided into two Cells or
Apartments, by an intermediate Par-
tition, and full of Seeds, which are
fometimes fat and boarded, Sometimes
cornered and roundifo, adbering to the
Placenta.

The Species are 5

1. Linaria vulgaris lutea, flore
majore. C.B.P. Common yellow
‘Foad-flax, with a large Flower.

2 Linaria purpurea major odora-
ta. C.B. P. Great purple {weet-
fmelling Toad-flax.

3. Linania latifolia Dalmatica,
ysagno flore. C. B. P.~ Broad-leav’d
Dalmatian Toad-flax, awith a large
Flower.

4. Linaria latiffimo folio, Lufi-
tanica. Tourn. Broad-leav’d Portugal

5. Linarta Hifpanica procum-
Bens, foliis glaucis, flore luteo firiato,
labiis nigro-purpureis. Spanifp trail-
ing Toad flax,with fea-green Leaves,
and yellow- ftrip’d Flowers, with
purple Lips.’

6. Lrnaria Sicula multicaulis, fo-
lio molluginis. Boce. Rar. Sicilian
Toad-flax; with many Stalks, anda
Leaf of the white Ladies Bed-ftraw.

a, Linarta triphylla minor lutea.
C. B. P. Small three-leav’d yellow
‘Toad-flax. |

8. Linarta triphylla minor lutea,

\

Solio aurito &F wvillofo, fore luteo,

} Li
Joris vexilla & calcari re0,
Boerh. Ind. Small Hea hon yel-.
low Toad-flax, with the Standard
and Heel of a purple Colour. ‘
. Linaria fegetum, nummularia
Solio villofo. Inf. R.H. Corn Toad-
flax, with an hairy Moneywort- —
leaf, commomly called Fluellin or
Female-{peedwel. |

10. Linaria fegetum, nummularie

Inf, R. H. Corn Toad-flax, with
an hairy eared Moneywort-leaf, and
a yellow Flower.

it. Linaria pumila vulgatior ar-
venfis. Inf. R.H. Common low an- —
nual Toad-fiax. 7

12. Linarta hederaceo folio gla- —
bro, feu Cymbalaria vulgaris. Lift.
R. HH. Toad -flax with a fmooth
Ivy-leaf, commonly known by the
Name of Cymbalaria. ©

13. Linakia quadrifolia lutea. ~
C.B.P. Four leav'd yellow Toad- ©
flax. a

14. Linarra annua angufifolia,
Sfrofculis albis longius abe ——
phet. Narrow-leav’d anoual Toad-
flax, with fmal] white Flowers, hav-
ing long Tails or Spurs.-

15. Linaria quadrifolia fupina, ©
e B. P. Trailiag four-leav'd Toad- ©

aK Bite, 4

16. Liwarta capillaceo folio, odo=
ra.C. B. P. Sweet-{melling Toad- —
flax, with a very narrow-Leaf.

17. Linarta Orientalis, fore lutea
maximo. Tourn. Cor. Eafiern Toad-
flax, with a very large yellow
Flower. fe P.

#8. Linaria latifolia triphylla,
fiore purpureo magno, ridiu aurea. Inft. a
R. H. Broad three-leav’d Toad-flax,
with a large purple Flower havinga
golden Standard. ,

19. Linaria annua angufifolia, —
fiore majore luteo. Mor. Hift. Nar- —
row-leav’d annual Toad-flax, with a
larger yellow Flower.

| Ll

. “The firft of thefe Plants grows in-
| preat Plenty upon the Sides of dry
anks in moft Parts of England, and is
| feldom cultivated in Gardens ; for itis
+a very troublefome Plant to keep
within Bounds, the Roots being very
apt to fpread under-ground, and rife
at a great Diftance from the Mo-
| ther-plant, whereby it greatly in-
| jures whatever Plants ftand near it.
| This is one of the Species men-
tion’d in the Catalogue of Simples
~at the End of the Co//cge Di/penfatory
to be ufed in Medicine.

The fecond is a perennial Plant,
which is often cultivated in Gardens:
this produces fine Spikes of purple
Flowers in Fune and July, and it be-
| ing a very ‘hardy Plant, growing
/in almoft any Soil or Situation,
| fhould be admitted into every large
| Garden, where it may_be planted in
_ fhady Situations, or upon the middle
| of large Borders in the Pleafure-gar-
| den, in which Place it will make an
“handfome Appearance, and con-
| tinues a_long time in Flower.
| ‘This Plant is propagated by fow-
| ing the Seeds in Spring, which will
| come up foon.after: and the Plants
| muft be tranfplanted out isto Beds at
_ the Diftance of fix or eight Inches; in
| which Beds they may remain until
_ the Michaelmas following (obferving
| to keep them clear from Weeds) ; at
_ which time they fhould be tranf-
planted into the Places where they
_ are to remain for good, and will re-
| quire no other Culture than only to
_ keep them clear from Weeds; and
when the Flower- ftems advance
| ain the Spring, they fhould be
_fupported by ‘Stakes, otherwife
| they are fubjeé&t to be broken by
_ ftrong Winds: they may alfo be
propagated by parting their Roots
in Autumn; but as the Seed ripens
| very well, it is the better Way to

yaife them from that; or if the Seeds

LI

are permitted to fcatter, the Plants
wili come up, and require very little
Care.

The third and fourth Sorts are
tenderer than the laft, and fhould be
planted in a dry Soil, and a wari
Situation; otherwife they are often
defiroyed in Winter. Thefe are
propagated by Seeds in the fame
manner as the former,as alfo by part-
ing their Roots; but it is advifeable
alwaysto keep fome of thefe Plants in
Pots, that they may be removed in-
to Shelter in the Winter, otherwife
in hard Frofts they wili be kill’d.

The fourth is the moft beautiful

Sort of them all: this produces very- ~

large Spikes of purple Flowers,which
make a fine Appearance ; but it fel-
dom produces ripe Seeds in this
Country ; fo that the Se ds muft be
obtain’d from. abroad, and the
Plants propagated from Off-fets or
Cuttings; which, if planted in the
Spring, will take Root very well,
whereby it may be maintain’d.

The fifth Sort was brought over
from Gibraltar by Sir Charles Wa-
ger, Aznoi727. and hath fince been
communicated to feveral curious
Perfons~, this Plant is eafily propa-
gated by parting the Roots, or
planting Cuttings in any of the
Summer-months, which, if water'd
and fhaded, wil! foon take Root,
and may afterwards be planted in
Pots filled with frefh light undung’d
Earth, in which they will fucceed
much. better than in aricher Soil;
for if they are planted in a fine rich
Earth, it caufes them to grow very
faft for a fhort time,sbut they feldom
fail to rot foon afterse! Thefe mutt
be remov’d into Shelter. in W*>ter,
where they muft have as much free
Air as poihble in mild Weather, and
be only protected from fevere Cold ;
fo that if the Pots are placed under
an Hot-bed-frame, it will be better

than,

LI
than to place them in a Green-houfe,
where they are apt to draw too
much, which will caufe them to de-
cay. This Sort never produces
Seeds in Exgland.

The fixth, feventh, and eighth
Sorts areannual Plants, which fhould
be fown early in the Spring upon a
Bed of frefh light Earth, in the
Borders of the Flower-garden, where
they are to remain ; for they do not

bear tranfplanting well: thefe pro--

duce their Flowers in Fane and Fu-
éy, and their Seeds are ripe in Sep-
tember. The Seeds of thefe Plants
may alfo be fown in Autumn, foon
after they are ripe, under a warm
Wall or Hedge, where they will en-
dure the Cold of our ordinary Win-
ters very well: and thefe autumnal
Plants will grow much larger, and
come to flower much fooner, than
thofe raifed in the Spring and from
thefe you will always have good
Seeds.

The ninth Sort here-mentioned is
directed by the College of Phyfici-
ans, to be ufed in Medicine: this
ftands in their Catalogue of Simples
under the Title of E/atine. This,
and the tenth Sort, grows wild
amongit the Corn in divers Parts of
England. They are both annual
Plants, which fcatter their Seeds
where-ever they are permitted to
grow ; and the young Plants gene-
rally come up in Autumn; fo that
they are more frequently to be met
with amongft Wheat, Rye, and
other Crops which are fown in
Autumn, than in fach Lands as are
plowed in the:Spring. The Flowers
of thefe Plants are very fimall, and
come out at the Joints clofe to the
Footftaiks of the Leaves, and the
whole Plant trails on the Ground :
they ufually flower in "Fane, and
their Seeds are ripe in Augu/.

T

The eleventh Sort is a Jow annual
Plant, which is very common on _
arable Land: in moft Parts of Eng- |
land; fo is feldom admitted into —
Gardens. ;
The twelfth Sort was originally —
brought from abroad ; but is now ©
become fo common in many Parts ©
of England, as to be thought a Na- —
tive by fome Perfons. ‘This has ~
been efteemed a Plant very efficaci-
ous in fome Diftempers ; but is not ©
ufed by any of the Englifh Phyfici- ©
ans at prefent. It grows not only ©
on the Ground, but on Walls,
Pales, or whatever Place the Seeds ||
fall ; fo it becomes a very trouble- ~
fome Weed where-ever it is fuffered
te feed, ,
The other Sorts are not Inhabit- ©
ants of this Country ; but are by ©
the Curious preferved in their Gar- 7
dens, for the Variety of their Flow- —
ers. Théy are all of them Plants of ©
fhort Duration, feldom ° continuing ~
after they have perfected their Seeds ; ©
fo that where the Seeds are not per- ©
mitted to fcatter, they fhould he ~
fown every Year, in order to pre- ©
ferve the Kinds. The Seeds fhould ©
be fown in the Places where they are |
defigned to remain; for the Plants —
do not thrive fo well when they are ©
tranfplanted. Some of thefe Seeds —
may be fown in the Autumn on a—
dry Soil, where the Plants will come ©
up, and abide the Winter; and ~
thefe will flower much fooner the
following Year, than thofe which
are fown in the Spring ; fo that good |
Seeds may be certainly obtained
from thofe, whereas the Seeds of
fome Sorts do not ripen wellin bad
Seafons on.fuch Plants which come
up from the Spring-fowing but by
fowing at the two Seafons there
will be a longer Continuance of the
Plants in Flower, as

LT

As thefe Plants require no farther
Care, when they come ap, but to
thin them where they grow too
_ clofe, andto keep them clear from
Weeds; fo they may be allowed
room in the Borders of large Gar-
dens, where they will add to the
Variety ; for they are Plants which
do not fpread far; fo may be kept
in proper Compafs; and the differ-
ent Colours of their Flowers will
make a pretty Appearance amongft

other hardy Plants. |
‘ LINGUA CERVINA, Hart’s-
tongue.

Thefe Plants commonly grow out
’ from the Joints of old Walls and
Buildings, where they are moift and
fhady; but are feldom cultivated in
Gardens. There isa very great Va-
riety of thefe Plants both in the £a/?
and Weft-Indies ; but there are very
few of them in Europe: they may
be propagated by -parting their
Roots, and fhould havea moift Soil,
and fhady Situation,

LINUM, Flax.

The Chara@ers are ;

The Leaves, for the moft part,
grow alternately on the Branches:
the Cup of the Flower confijts of one
Leaf, is tubulous, and divided into
| five Parts at the Top: the Flower
confifts of five Leaves, which expand
in form of a Clove-gilliflower : the
Ovary, which rifes from the Centre
of the Flower-cup, becomes an almoft
globular Fruit, which is generally
pointed, and compofed of many Cells,
in which are lodged many plain
Jfmooth Seeds, vshich are blunt at one
End, and generally jfearp at the
other.

. The Species are;

1. Linum /ativum.C. B.P. Ma-
nur’d Flax.

2. Linum /fativum latifolium
Africanum, fruciu majore. Tourn,

Lf
Broad-leav'd African manur'd Flax,
with a large Fruit.

3. Linum maritimum luteum, ©.
B. P. Yellow maritime Flax.

4. Linum fativum humilius, fore
majore. Bobart. Dwarf manur’d Flax,
with a large Flower.

§- Linum perenne majus evrule-
um, capitulo majore. Mor. Hift.

Greater perennial blue Flax, with

a large Head.

6. Linum perenne majus carrules
um, capitulo minori. Mor. Hift.
Greater perennial blue Flax, with
a fmaller Head. :

7- Linum catharticum. Rupp.
flor. Mountain, or Purging Flax.

There are feveral Sorts of this
Plant, which are preferv’d in fome
curious Gardens of Plants for Varie-
ty-fake ; but as they are of little Ufe
or Beauty, it would be needlefs to
mention them in this Place.

The firft Sort is that which is cul-
tivated for Ufe im divers Parts of
Europe, and is reckon’d an excellent
Commodity: the right tilling and
ordering of which is efteem’d a good
Piece of Hufbandry.

This fhould be cultivated upona
rich Soil, that has not been plow’d
for feveral Years, upon which Flax
always makesthe beft Improvement:
but as it draws greatly from the
Soil, it fhould not be fown two
Years together upon the fame
Ground.

The Land muft be well plow’d,
jaid flat and even, upon which the

Seeds fhould be fown about the mid-

dle of March, when the Weather
is mild and warm. During the
Spring you mutt carefully weed it ;
which if neglected (efpecially in a
moiit Seafon), the Weeds will over~
grow and deitroy the Crop. There
are fome People who recommend the
feeding of Sheep with Flax, when

if

_ fis a good Height ; and fay, they
~ will eat away the Weeds and Grafs,
and do the Flax good ; and if they
fhould lie in it, and beat it down,
or flatten it, it will rife again -the
next Rain: but this muft not be
pradtis’d but in a moift Seafon, and
upon arich Soil; for if the Ground
be poor, or the Spring dry, it will
not rife again to any confiderable
Height.

All the other Sorts of Flax may

be cultivated (by fuch who have a-

Curiofity) by fowing their Seeds up-
on a Bed of frefh rich light Earth, in
March, or the Beginning of April;
and when the Plants come up, they
muft be carefully weeded, which is
all the Culture they require ; and
- they will produce their Flowers, and
perfect their Seeds very well.

LINUM UMBILICATUM. /i-
de Omphalddes. ‘

LIPPIA.

‘This Plant was fo named by the
late Dr. William Houftoun, who dif-
covered it at La Vera Cruz, in Ho-
nour to Dr. Auguffus Lippi, a famous
Botanift, whe travell’d to Egypt, and
difcover’d many new Plants.

The Charafers are;

Tt hath an anomalous Flower, con-
ffing of one Leaf, which is divided
into four Parts, and refis on the Em-
bryo, which afterward becomes the
Fruit, having two seeds, which are
inclafed in a fmall Covering.

We know but one Species of this
Plant at prefent; viz. ,

Lippria arborefcens, folits conjuga-
tis oblongis, capitulis /quamofis, F ro-
tundis. Houft. Tree Lippia, with ob-
long Leaves Browing by Pairs, and
having round {caly Heads.

This Plant, in the Country of its
native Growth, commonly rifes to
the Height of eighteen or twenty
Feet, and hath a rough Bark : the
Eranches come out by Pairs oppolite,

ret.

as alfo the Leaves, which are oh-

long, pointed, and a little fawed on —
ofthe
Leaves come out the Footftalks; —
which fuftain many round fealy —

their Edges. From the Wings

Heads, about the Size of a large

Grey Pea, in which are many fmall —
yellow Flowers appearing between —

the Scales, which are fucceeded by
the Seed-velffels. 4
The Seeds of this Plant were fent

been raifed; but as the Country

from whence it came is very warm; 7

to feveral curious Gardens in Ex+ —
rope, where fome of the Plants have

the Plants will not thrive in this Cli- —

mate, unlefs they are preferved ina

warm Stove. Thefe may be treated |

in the fame manner as the other
fhrubby Plants, which are Natives
of warm Countries; which is, to

keep them always in_the Stove, |

plunged in the Bark-bed; obferving
to give them a large Share of Air
in warm Weather, and frequently
refrefh them with Water; but in
Winter they muaft be watered moré
{fparingly, and be kept in a mode-

rate Degree of Warmth ; otherwifé —

they will not live thro’ the Winter,
efpecially while they are young 3
but when they have acquired
Strength, they may be preferved
with a lefs Share of Warmth.

LIQUIDAMBER, The Sweet ©

Gam, or Liquid Storax-tree.
The Charafers are;

Tt hath Male and Female Flowers ;
om the fame Tree: the Male Flowers

are produced in Spikes at the Extremt-
ty of the Branches; thefe have no
Petals: the Empalement confifis of
Jour oval Leaves, and inclofes agreat
Number of Stamina, which are col-
le&ed into a Spherical Body: the Fe-
male Flowers are produced on long
Pedicles, coming from the Bafe of
the Male Flowers; thefe have no
Petals, but an Empalement, the fame

' ae

‘i,

a

e | 5 ee | wae
as the Male Flowers, inclofing feve-
ral Germs, which join in a Spherical
| Body, fupporting two recurved Styles:
thee afterward change to a {pherical
| Fruit full of Protuberances, which
are perforated, and contain many ob-
| dong Seeds,
| We have but one Species of
this Genus ; viz.
|. Liquipamser. Clayt. Flor. Virg.
| The Sweet “Gum, or Liquid Sto-
rax-tree.
' This Tree has by fome Writers
been ranged with the Maple; but
on no other Account, except from
the Similitude of the Leaves; for
in Flower and Fruit it is very dif-
ferent from the Maple, and moft
other Genera: nor has it any Afhi-
nity to the Storax-tree; but the Gum
which iffues from this Tree, being
| tranfparent, and having a great !’ra-
grancy, has by fome ignorant Per-
fons been taken for that.

It grows plentifully in Virgizxia,
| and feveral other Parts of North-
| America, where it rifes with a ftrait
naked Stem to the Height of fif-
teen or fixteen Feet, and afterward
branches out regularly to the Height
of forty Feet, or upward, forming
a pyramidal Head. The Leaves are
angular, and fhaped fomewhat like
|. thofe of the lefler Maple; but are
of a dark-green Colour, and their
upper Surfaces fhining: a ftrong
{weet glutinous Subftance exudes
thro’ the Pores of the Leaves in
warm Weather, which renders them
clammy to the Touch.

The Flowers are generally pro-
duced early in the Spring of the
Year, before the Leaves are expand-
ed, which are of a Saffron colour,
and grow in Spikes from the Extre-
‘mity of the Branches: after thefe
are paft, the Fruit {wells to the
Size of a Walnut; being perfecily

4
‘round, having many Protuberances;
each having a {mall Hole, and a
fhortTail,which extends haifan Inch.

The Planks of this Tree, being
beautifully veined, ‘are often ufed tm
America for wainfcoting Rooms ;
but it requires a long time to ica-
fon the Boards, otherwife they are
apt to fhrink.

In Europe this Tree is cultivated
in the Gardens of the Curious, for
the fake of Variety; it is hardy
enough to endure the fevereft Cold
of this Country in the open Air,
and there are fome of them upward
of twenty Feet high; though Ihave
not heard of any of them which has
produced Fruit.

This is commonly propagated by
Layers in England; but thofe Plants
which are raifed from Seeds, grow
to be much fairer Trees.

The Seeds of this Tree common-
ly remain in the Ground a whole

\Year before the Plants come up; fo

that the fureft way to raife them is,
to fow the Seeds in Boxes or Pots of
light Earth; which may be placed
in a fhady Situation during the frf
Summer, and in Autumn they may
be placed in a warm Situation ; but
if the Winter fhould prove fevere,
it will be proper to cover them with
Peas-haulm, or other light Cover-
ing; which fhould be taken off
conftantly in mild Weather. In the

following Spring, if thefe,Boxes or |

Pots are placed upon a moderate
Hot-bed, it will caufe the Seeds to
come up early, fo that the Plants
will have time to get Strength ‘be-
fore Winter; but during the frit and
fecond Winters, it will be proper to
{creen the Plants from fevere Froft ;
but afterward they will bear the
Cold very well.
LITHOSPERMUM, Gromwel,
Gromil, or Graymil. ;

The

LO
The Charafers are: '

The Cup of the Flower confifis of
one Leaf, which is cut almoft to the
Bafe into five long narrow Segments:
the Flower, which is; for the maft
part, fmall, confifis of one Leaf, is
Sfunnel-foap'd, and fpread open at the
Top: the Pointal is encompa/s'd by
four Embryoes, which become fo mauy
roundi/b hard polifo'’d Seeds.

The Species ares

1. LiTHOSPERMUM majus ere-
&um. C. B. P. Greater upright Gro-
mil.

z. LirHosPERMUM perenne pro-
cumbens, flore purpurea-caruleo ma-
gore. Mor. Hift. Trailing perennial
Gromil, with a purple-blue Flow-
er.
There are feveral other Sorts of
this Plant, which are mention’d in
Botanic Authors; but as they are
rarely cultivated in Gardens, I fhall
omit taking Notice of them in this
Place. The firft Sort here mention’d
is that which is order’d for medici-
nal Ufes. This grows in fhady Lanes,
and uncultivated Places, in divers
Parts of England; and is‘feldom cul-
tivated in Gardens. The fecond
Sort is found wild in fome Parts of
Wales; butis lefscommon than the
former. Thefe may be cultivated by
fowing their Seeds, foon after they
are ripe, in a Bed of frefh Earth,
allowing them at leafta Foot Di-
ftance from each other; obferving
to keep them clear from Weeds, and
they will thrive in almoft any Soil
or Situation.

LOAM isa common {uperficial
Earth, that is, a Mixture of Sand and
Clay, commonly of a yellowifh Co-
lour, though there is fome Loam
that is blackifh. Some call Loam the
moft common fuperficial Earth met
with in England, without any re-
gard to the Proportion it bears to
Sand or Clay; but moft generally

the Appellation of Loam is appliec

er, con Gifting of one Leaf, which ik

Oo - “a

toa foft fat Earth, partaking of Clay,
but eafy towork. ,

It is found by Experience, that
Plants of all Sorts will grow in it;
and where-ever it is found, it ap--
pears to be a more beneficial Soil to
Plants than any other. A Clay us'd
in Graftirtg is alfo call’d Loam:

LOBELIA,

. The Charafers are; -

It hath a tubulous anomalous Flow-

divided inta many Parts, cach being

Joaped fomewhat like a Tongue, and
are fpread open like an Hand: this
is inclofed in the Cup, which after-
ward becomes a foft oval Fruit, which ©
is full of Fuice, and furrounds a Nut
Z, Jame Shape, which has an hard

ell.

We know but one Sort of this ©
Plant; viz.

Lopetta frutefcens, portulace
folio. Plum, Now. Gen. Shrubby Lo-
belia,; with a Purflain-leaf.

This Plant was fo named by
Father P/umier, who difcovered it
in America, in Honour to Dr. Lo- ©
bei, a learned Botanift, who pub-
lifhed the Figures of a great Num- —
ber of Plants at Antwerp 1581. and |
two or three other Books of Botany
before that time.

The Seeds of this Plant were fent ~
to England by Mr. Catef/sy in the 4
Year 1724. who gathered them in ~
the Bahama Iflands, where the ~
Plants grow in plenty, near the ©
Shore of the Sea; and fince that
time the Seeds have been fent to
England by Dr. William Houffoun,
who gather’d them at Lz Vera Cruz:
fo that I believe the Plant is¢om-
mon in moft of the warm Patts of 7
America. -

It is propagated by Seed, which
mutt be procured from the Countries
of its natural Growth ; for the Plants

' will

T; oO :
will not produce them in Euxrope.
Thefe Seeds fhould be fown in Pots
filled with light fandy Earth, and
then plunged into an Hot-bed of
Tanners Bark, where the Plants will
tome up in about three Weeks, pro-
vided the Bed is kept warm, and the
Earth often watered. When the
Plants are up, they fhould be kept
in a temperate Hot-bed, and fre-
quently refrefhed with Water; but
it muft net be given them in large
Quantities ; for they are very fuccu-
Jent, and fubject to perifh with
a great Degree of Moifture, efpecially
while they are young. When the
Plants are about two Inches high,
they fheuld, be carefully taken out
of the Pots, in which they were fown,
and each planted in a feparate {mall
Pot, filled with freth ‘light fandy
Earth, and then plunged into the
Hat-bed again; obferving to fhade
them in the Heat of the Day until
they have taken new Root. In this
Hot-bed the Plants may remain un-
til the Middle or Latter-end of Sep-
tember, when they mutt be removed
into the Stove, and plung’d into the
Tan-bed, in the warmeit Part of
the Stove; for they are very tender
Plants while young; therefore muft
be kept very warm, otherwife they
will, not live through the Winter in
this Country. In the Spring follow-
ing the Plants :nay be fhifted into
fomewhat larger Pots, and then
plunged into a frefh Hot-bed to
forward their Growth; for if they
are not pufhed on while they are
young, they feldom grow to any
Size, nor will they ever flower ; fo
that m order to have them in any
Beauty, they muft be carefully ma-
naged. The Height to which thefe
lants ufually grow, is five or fix
Feet ; and they divide into feveral
ranches, which are fucculeat; as
re alfo the Leaves, which are as

Vou. Ii.

LO
thick, and full of Moifture, as Pur-
flain; and being ever-green, they
make an agreeable Diverfity amony
Other tender Exotic Plants in the
Stove ; for they are too tender to
be removed into the open Air in
this Country, even in the warmett
Seafon of the Year. The Leaves of
this Plant are very fubject to con-
tract Filth, by being conftantly
kept in the Stove; therefore they
fhould be wathed with a Sponge
frequently, to keep them clean,
otherwife they will appear unfightly.
LOBUS ECHINATUS. Vide
Bonduc. :
LONCHITIS, Rough Spleen-
wort,
The CharaGers are; us
The Leaves are tike thofe of the
Fern; but the Pinnule are ear'd
at their Bafe: the Fruit alfois like
that of the Fern.
The Species are;
1. Loncnitis afpera.
Rough Spleenwort. »
2. Loncuiris afpera major. Ger.
Emac. Greater rough Spleenwort.
The firft of thefe Plants is very
common in fhady Woods, by the
Sides of fmall Rivulets in divers
Parts of England: but the fecond
Sort is not quite fo common, and
has been brought into feveral cu-
rious Botanic Gardens from the
Mountains in Wales. There are alfo
great Variety of thefe Plants in
America, which at prefent are
Strangers in the European Gardens,
They are feldom, cultivated but in
Botanic Gardens, for the fake of
Variety; where they muft have a
moift Soil, and fhady Situation.
LONICERA, Upright Honey.
fuckle, vulgo.
The Chara&ers . of
are ;
The Flower is tubulous, and of one
Leaf, which is deeply cut into feve-
Eee rag

Ger.

this Genus

LO

wal Segments, which are reflexed:
from the Empalement arife fix long
‘Stamina, furrounding the Pointal,
avhich are extended the Length of the
Petals: the Ovary refts on the Em-
palement, which afterward turns to
- a Berry, in which are included one or
two comprefjed Seeds, furrounded by
-@ glutinous Pulp.
The Species are ;

t. Lonicera fore coccinco, bae-
cis nigris. Plum. Now. Gen. Lonicera
wit
Berries.

2. Lonicera peduncalis bifloris,
baccis diftin@is, floribus bilabiatis,
Sfoliis integerrimis, Flor. Leyd. The
Upright red-berried Honeyiuckle.

3. Lonicera pedunculis bifloris,
Soliis ovatis acutis integris. Lin, Hort.
Clif. The F! iy: Honeyfackle; vul-
me

4. perky, pedunculis biforke
bilabiatis, bacca folitaria globofa in-
tegerrima. Flor. Leyd. The blue-ber-
ried Upright Honeyfuckle, wulgo.

_Lonicera peduntalis bifporis, -

ihasaias diftinais, foliis ferratis. Flor.
‘Leyd. The Upright blue-berried Up-
tightHoneyfuckle,with double Fruit.
6. Lonicera pedunculis bifloris,
—baccis diftinis, floribus infundibuli-
formibus, ramis divaricatis. Flor.

Leyd. ‘The Pyrenean Upright Honey-

fuckle.

_ 9. Lonicera pedunculis bifloris,
| baccis diftiudis, foliis cordatis obtuft is.
‘Hort. Up/al.. Upright Honeyfackle,
with blunt heart-fhaped Leaves,

8. Lonicera floribus verticil-
batis feffilibus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis
coalitis, fradiu trifgermo. Lin. Hort,
Clif. Dr. Tinker’s Weed, or falfe
Tpecacuana.

The firft Sort was, difcovered by
Father Plumicr, am fome of the
French Settlements im America: it
was afterward found by Dr. William
| Houfioun a Campeshs, who fent

a fcearlet Flower, and black-

LO Be
the Seeds to England. This Plant is ee
very tender ; fo cannot be preferved ©
in this Country through the Winter, ©
untefs it is placed in a warm Stove. —
The Seeds of this (as alfo of all the ~
other Sorts) remain a whole Year
in the Ground before the Plants ap-
pear; therefore when- the Seeds are
brought to England, they fhould be _
fown in Pots of light Earth, and ©
placed in a fhady Situation during |
the firft Summer; and inthe Au- @
tumn, the Pots fhould be plunged 9
into a Bed 6f Tanners Bark, where
they may be fecured from the Cold;
and the following Spring they fhould
be removed into a frefh Hot-bed,
which will bring up the Plants early
in the Spring. When thefe are fit to
remove, they fhould each be planted ©
in a feparate Pot, and plunged into
the Hot-bed, and treated as other”
tender Plants which are Natives, of
the fame Country. —

The -Upright red-berried, and
the Fly Honeyfuckle, . have been 7
long cultivated in the Nurferies near
London, and are commonly fold: as”
flowering Shrubs, to fill up Wilder- #
nefs-quarters ; but their Flowers are
{mal]l, and have little Beauty to re-’
commend them ; but as thefe Shrubs:
have a different Appearance from”
moft others, a few of each may be

_ admitted for the fake of Variety. 7

The fir of thefe feldom grows
above four Feet high; the Branches.
grow erect, and form an handfome
Shrub. ‘The other will grow feven”
or eight Feet high, and the Branch-7
es of this do not grow quite fo re-" 7
gular as thofe of the other, The
Flowers of this Sort are white, and
thofe of the other are of .a dark
purple Colour. They are produce
two together on the fame Footftalk
from-the Setting on of the Leaves.
Thefe Shrubs are Natives of the
Mountains in Germany; fo are €x-
wee x

eee er. 2.

foagey') 78 oll

treme hardy; they may be propa-
> aie we .

Spe by. Layers, which thould be
laid down in the Autumn, as foon
as the Leaves begin to decay ; and
by the next Autumn they will have

made good Root; fo may be tran{-

planted either into a Nurfery for
two or three Years, to get Strength,
‘or the Places where they are de-
fign’d to remain.

They may alfo be propagated by
Cuttings, which fhould be p'anted
in a fhady Border of loamy Earth in
- the Autumn; and if the Spring
fhould prove dry, they muft be da-
ly watered: if this is obferved, they
will have good Roots by the fol-
lowing Autumn, and may then be
treated as the Layers.

The fingle blue-berried Upright
Honeyfuckle is now in fevera]l Nar-
feries near London, though not very

plenty.

about the fame time as rhe Mezere-
- ea; but there is no great Beauty in
the Flowers; however, it fhould
have a Place in every curious Gar-
den of Plants.

The fifth, fixth, and feventh Sorts
are yet very rare in Exgland thefe
are Natives of the Alps, Pyrenees,
and other mountainous Places ; foare
extremely Lardy. Thefe Shrubs
feldom rife above three or four Feet
high; fo may be intermixed with
others of the fame Growth : they
love a fhady Situation, and a moilt
Soil.

They may be propagated by Cut-
tings or Layers, in the fame manner
as hath been direéted for tke for-
mer Sorts ; and when they are roor-
ed, they fhould be planted in a Nur-
fery for two or three Years, to get
Strength, before they are p'anted
Ouc for good. ie

~ The lait Sort is an herbaceous

Plant, which decays to the Root

This Sort produces its”
Flowers very early in the Spring, °

ey a:
every Year, and tifes again the
Spring following. This grows plen-
tifully in moit Parts of North- Ame-

‘rica, where the Root has been long

ufed for the Ipecacaana, to which
this Plant feems to be near akin :
for by fome dried Specimens which
were fentme of the true Ipecacuana,
there feems but little Difference be-
tween the two, in the Leaves and
Growth of the Plant, nor in their
Fruit; but the Roots have a very
different Figure. ;

This Plant is called in America
Fever root, and Dr. Tinéer’s Weed,
from the Phyfician who firft brought
it into Ufe for the Cure of Fevers.
This was titled by Dr. Dillentus, in
the Hortus El:hamenfis, Triofteo/per-
mum, from the Fruit having tere~
Seeds in each. .

It is avery hardy Plant; fo will
endure the greateft Cold of this
Country in the open Air; and de-
lights in alight moift Soil, and 3
fhady Situation, where’ it may ‘have
only the morning Sun. It rifes with |
feveral Stalks from the fame Root,
to the Height of two Feet or up-
ward: thefe are garnified with ob-
long Leaves, which are broad in thé
Middle, but draw to a Pointat each ~
End: thefe are fet on by Pairs, and
the Tails of the Leaves clotely em-
brace the Stalks. The Fiowers aré
produced in Whorles round the
Staiks, at the Setting on of the
Leaves; and ate of a dark-purple
Colour, thaped like thofe of the Up-
right Honeyfuckle: thefe are fuc-
ceeded by yellow fucculent Berries;
which have three Seeds in each.

It may be propagated by thé
Seeds; but thefe commonly femain.-
a whole Year in the Ground Sefore -
they come up, efpecially when they
are kept out of the Ground tli thé
Spring ; therefore it is thebeft Way |
to fow them in the Autumn, foon

Eee2 aftet

7

L.:0

after they areripe. It may alfo be
propagated by parting of the Roots ;
but this fhould not be done oftener
than every third Year, left it weak-
en the Plants.

LOTUS, Birds-foot Trefoil.

The CharaGers are;

it hath a papilionacecus Floaver:
the Ovary, which rifes out of the
Flower-cup, afterward becomes a

Pod; fometimes diftinguifh’d, as it

ewere, into Cells, by tranfverfe Par- .

titions, which are full of Seeds for
the moft part roundifh: to which may
be added, The Leaves grow by Threes ;
but have two Wangs, or little Leaves,
at the Origin of their Footfialks.
The Species are ;

1. Lotus willofus altiffiimus, flore
glomerato. Tourn. ‘The talleft hairy
Birds-foot Trefoil, witha glomera-

ted Flower.

2. Lotus ccunieiit filiquofus

villofus. C. B. P. Upright hoary
Birds-foot Trefoil.
. 3. Lorus aoa uiep2']os frutefcens
Cretica argentea, filiquis longiffimis
propendentibus re@is. Mor. Hif.
Shrubby filver Birds foot Trefoil of
Crete, with long ftrait hanging
Pods.

4. Lorus bemorrboidalis humi-
dior & candidior. Tourn. Lower and
water Hemarrhoidal Birds-footTre-
foil.

§. Lotus anguftifolius, Flore lu-
zeo purpureo, ex infula Sani Facobi.
Hort. Amfi. Narrow-leav'd Bird’s-
foot Trefoil from the Ifland of
St. Fames, with a purple-yellow
Flower.

6. Lotus ruber, filiqua angulofa.

C. B. P. Red {quare- codded Birds-
foot Trefoil, commonly call’d Win-
ged Peas,

7. Lotus raver, fliqua resgule/a,
folio variegato. Bocrb. Ind. Red
iquare- codded Birds-foet Trefoil,
with a variegated Leaf,

LO

8. Lotus filiguis ornithopodii.

C. B. P. Birds-toot Trefoil, mi ;

Pods like a Bird’s-Foot.

g. Lotus fliquofa maritima lutea,
Cytifi facie. Barr. rar, Maritime —
Birds-foot Trefoil, with-the Face of ~

Cytifus.

10. Lotus Risites geminis, pere-

grina. Boerh, Ind. alt. Foreign Birds-
foot Trefoil,
Stalk.

The firft Sort dies to the Ground .
with us every Winter, and rifes.
again the fucceeding Spring ; and ©

when the Roots are itrong, -the
Shoots will be four or five keet high,
and produced in great Plenty. If it

be cut while young, the Cows are.
very fond of it; but Horfes will
not eat it, unlefs they are very hun- .

Bly:

admit of the Shoots being cut three

or four times in a Summer; for’
they put out again foon after they ~
are cut, and grow very flrong in a

fhort time; but this Plant do
come up before 4pri/ in out
try, and commonly dies

sno
oun-

Fodder for Cattle, it could only be
obtained in Summer;

when dried.

It may be propagated from the
Seeds, which are generally produced ©

in great Plenty, and muft be fown

very thin in Rows, at about eighteen”

Inches afunder, the Beginning of:
April; and in May, when the Plants”
will be come up, the Ground fhould
be hoed between the Rows, in order”

to deliroy the Weeds, and the Plants —

cut up, where they are too thick”

(for they fHould be eight or ten In-7
ches apart in the Rows at leaft) ; for”
tho’ they will appear but weak at)
their firit com:ng up, yet when their
have taken fait hold of the

Ground,

Reots

with two Pods on each —

The } ae when ftrong, will

down in
OGfober; fo that if it were the beft

for I am —
afraid it will hardly be of any Ufe

|

i

> © Pe se Se eee oe e/;, ee

LO
Ground, they will increafe their
Strength greatly ; for I have had a

finzie Root of this Plant, which

has been a Foot Diameter over the
Crown, and hath produced above an
. hundred Shoots.

_ You muf alfo continue hoeing
the Ground from time to time as
the Weeds are produced, which, if
permitted to overgrow the Plants
while they are young, will certainly
deftroy them; fo that the firft Sea-
fon they muft be managed with
‘great Care; but afterwards, when
the Plants have obtained more
Strength, they will be capable of en-
countering the Weeds; tho’ then
the Ground between the Rows fhould
be ftirr’d with a Breaft-plough after
thé Crop is cut down, which will
greatly promote its Growth.

_ This Plant delights in a dry bar-
ren gravelly Soil, on which it will
refift the fevereft Cold of our Cli-
mate, and abide many Years.

It may alfo be propagated by
planting Cuttings or Slips taken
from the old Plants in ‘Fu/y, when
they have acquired an Hardnefs,
which fhould be planted in a moift
cloudy Seafon, or watered and fha-
ded, and ina fhort time they will
take Root ; but as this is difficult to
perform when a Quantity is defign’d,
fo the better way is to propagate it
by Seeds. __

The fecond, third, and fourth
Sorts are preferved in Gardens as
Curiofities ; thefe are impatient of
much Cold, and muft therefore be
planted in Pots, and houfed in
Winter, otherwife they are often
deftroyed in our Country. Thefe
may be all propagated by fowing
their Seeds upon a moderate Hot-
bed in the Spring; and when the
Plants are come up, they muft be
tranfplanted into Pots, and plunged
into an Hot-bed, to promote their
6

_—_— © =

LO
taking Root; after which in Adz?
they fhould be removed into the
open Air, where they muft be pla-
ced in fome well-fheltered Situation,
amongft other Exotic Plants, in
which Place theymay remain until the
Middle or End of O&ober, following
when they muft be removed into the
Green-houfe, obferving to place
them whete they may have as much
free Air as poflible in mild Weather;
for if they are kept too clofely fhut
up, or ftand under the Branches of
other Trees or Plants, they are very
apt to draw very weak, and decay
foon after: they muft alfo be often
refrefhed with Water; but it fhould *
not be given them in Winter in too
great Quantities; for that will rot
their Roots: in the Spring they
fhould be inured very early to the
open Air, into which they fhould al-
ways be removed at the Beginning
of May, or earlier, according as the
Seafon proves favourable.

Thefe may alfo be propagated by
planting Cuttings, in any of the
Summer-months, into a Bed of light
Earth, obferving to water and fhade
them until they have taken Root;
after which they may be planted

into Pots filled with frehh light .

Earth, and muft be managed as was
dire€ted for the Seedling-plants.
They all produce their Flowers in
Fune, Fuly, and Auguff; and moft
of them ripen their Seeds very well
in England.

The fourth Sort is hardy enough
to live abroad in moderate Winters,
provided it is planted in a dry Soil,
and a warm Situation. This will
produce plenty of Seeds every Year.

The fifth Sort is by much the
moft beautiful of all the Kinds:
this will grow to the Height of three

Feet, with woodyStems, and Btanch-

es. which are garnifhed with long
narrow hoary Leaves: the Flowers
Eee 3 are

wo er: ——~ .
ali hae a |

a tie a eo

LO

gre of a dark Copper-colour, ap-
proaching to black: thefe are con-
tinued in Succeffion upward of nine
Months; fo that the Plants are never
deftitute of Flowers, but in the mid-
dle of Winter, which renders them
more valuable.

This may be propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown upon
a indderate Hot-bed early in the
Spring: and when the Plants are

fitto remove, they fhould be each-

planted into a feparate fmall Pot
id with light Earth, and plunged

nto a frefh Hot-bed, to bring them
forward : but they muft not be kept
too clofe ; for that will caufe them
to draw up weak: they muft alfo
be hardened to bear the open Air,
into which they fhould be removed

In Fune ; and in Fuly they wiil be-

gin to flower: during the Summer-
feafon thefe Plants fhould remain
abroad in a fheltered Situation ; but
in Autumn they muft be removed
into the Confervatory ; for the early
Frofts in Autumn will foon deftroy
them, if they are expofed to the
open Air. Thefe Plants fhould be
placed in a very dry Glafs-cafe in

‘ Winter, where they may be pre-

ferved from Damps ; for they are
very fubje&t to grow mopldy in
damp Weather, and this often de-

Rroys them ; fo that they can fel-

dom be preferved in a common
Green-houfe : and if they are pla.
ced in a Stove, they are apt to draw
up weak, and rendered fhort-liv’d.
The Seeds of this Plant oy
riven well in) England, when the
dc ghs are warm: but when they

fail, the Plants may be propagated
by Cuttings, which muff be planted
in Pojs, and plunged into an Hot-
bed’; where, if they are fhaded
from the Sun in the Heat of the
Day, and duly watered, they will
icon ntake Root; and afi verward m muft

LO
be treated as hath been dire&ted for
the mig ti

The fixth Sort is an annual Plant,
which by many People is fown here-
and. there, in {mall Patches, upon -—
the Borders of the Flower-garden,
with other {mall Annuals, amongft
which it makes a pretty Variety.

‘The Flowers of this Plant'(which —
are in form of a Pea-bloffom }
are of a deep-red Colour, and are
fucceeded by Pods with four Angles
or Wings (which occafioned their
being called Winged Peas) contain-
ing feveral hard round Seeds. The
Pods of this Sort are by, fome Per-
fons eaten as Peas when young ; and
are cultivated in fame Gardens as
an e(culent Plant.

It is eafily propagated by fowing ©
the Seeds in March or April, upon —
the Borders where they are to re-
main; for they do not thrive fo
well when tranfplanted: and they
will require no farther.Care than §
only to keep them clear fromWeeds. 4
In Fune they will begin to flower, ©
and continue till Zuguff, foon after |
whicn their Seeds will ripen. |

The feventh Sort is only a Varie- @
ty of the fixth, from which it differs @
in having a variegated Leaf: this :
Ditference it commenly retains from
Seeds, which is what few other @
Piste. wilf ad. This may be pro- @
pagated as the former. ia

The eighth Sort is only preferved
in fome Gardens, more fer the Odd-
nefs of its Pods, which very much 9
refemble a Bird’s Foot, thanfor any
particular Beauty of the Plant: but
in 2 large Garden it may be admitted,
for the fake of Variety. This may
be propagated in the fame manner,
as the two former ; and 1s alfo an- os
nual, as they. “a

The hinth Sort is a. biehniat Me
Plant: this is found wild in Porta- 9%
gal and Spain, growing upon the 9%
hore

LO

Shore near the Sea: this Sort will

rarely live thro’ the Winter in the

open Air in Exgland ; therefore the
_ Plants fhould be potted, and placed
under an Hot-bed-frame in Winter ;
_ where they fhould have as much free
Air as poffible in mild Weather,
but fheltered from hard Frott: this
may be propagated by fowing the
Seeds in Apri/, upon a Bed of light
Earth; and when the Plants are fit
to remove, fome of them may be
tranfplanted into {mail Pots, and
placed in a fhady Situation until they
have taken Root; and afterward
they may be expofed to the Sun all
the Summer, and in Autumn re-
moved into Shelter: but fome few
Plants may be planted in the full
Ground, in a warm Situation, where
in a favourable Winter they may re-
main without Shelter: and thofe
Plarts which live abroad will flower
much better, and more certainly
produce Seeds, than thofe Plants in
the Pots.

The tenth Sort is an annual Plant,
refembling very much the eighth
Sort: the Branches of both thefe
trail upon the Ground, and fpread
to a confiderable Diflance ; but the
Flowers, being very {mall, have no
Beauty; fo that thefe are only pre-
ferved by Perfons who are curious
in Botanical Studies : thefe fhould be
fown in gril, in the Places where
they are to remain; for they do not
love to be tranfplanted.

‘There are two or three Varieties
of this Bird’s-foot Trefoil, which
grow wild in moft Parts of Exg/and:
when thefe are upon dry, gravelly,
chalky Land, they are very low
humble Plants, fpreading on the
Surface.of the Ground : but in rich
moift Land they grow much larger ;
and one of the Sorts will fometimes
produce Branches near two Feet in
“Length: the Seeds of thefe Plants

have been fold, and recommended

LU
as profitable to fow for Fodder, by
fome Hufbandry - Quacks, by the
Name of Ladies-finger-grafs: but I
never could find any Animal that
would eat it, either green or dry. -

LOTUS ARBOR. Vide Celtis.

LOVE-APPLE. Vide Lycoper-
ficon.

“LUDWIGIA.
The Chara&ers are;

The Empatlement of the Flower is of
one Leaf, cut into four Segments at
the Top, and fits upon the Embryoes:
the Flower confifisof four heart-feoaped
Petals, which are equal, and fpreaa
open: in the Centre of the Flower is
fituated the four-cornered Pointal,
attended by four Stamina: the Poin-
tal afterward becomes a four-corner’d
Fruit, crows dwith the Empalement 5
and bas four Cells, which are full of
{mall Seeds. .

The Species are ; :

1. Lupwicia capfulis fubrotundis.

Lin. Hort. Cliff. Ludwigia with

round Seed-vefles, |
z. Lupwicia capfulis oblongis

uncialibus. Flor. Leyd. Ludwigia

with Seed-vefiels an Inch in Length:

We have no Englifs Name for
this Plant; but it is very near akin
to the Ozagra, or ‘Tree - primrofe.
The fecond Sort is by Father P/a-
mier ranged in that Genus: bat Dr.
Linnzus has removed this to a great
Diftance, on account of the Num-
ber of Stamina, which in the Flow-
ers of this Genus are but four;
whereas thofe of the Oxagra have
eight: but Dr. Van Royen, in the »
Flora Lugdunenfis, Kas brought them
together in his Clafs, intituled, Frxz-
Gifore floribus quadrifidis.

Thefe are both annual Plants,
which muft be raifed on an Hot-beéed:
in the Spring, and tréated in the
fame manner as hath been direéted
for the Amaranthus; for if they are

Eee 4 net

ee
LU

not brought forward in the Spring,
they feldom produce good Seeds in
England. 1 received the Seeds of
both ‘thefe Sorts from my good
Friend Dr. Dak, from South-Caro-
hina.

LUFFA, Egyptian Cucumber.

The Charafers are;

Tt hath a bell-/raped Flower, con-

fiiing of one Leaf, which is divided

inte five Parts to the Centre: there

are Male and Female Flowers on the.

fame Plant: the Male Flowers are
produced on foort Foot-ftalks, having
no Embryses: but the Female Flow-
ers reft on the Top of the Embryocs,
which afterward becomes a Fruit like
a Cucumber to outward Appearance,
but is not flelhy, the inner Part con-
Sfiing of many Fibres, which are ele-
gantly netted: and there are three
Cells, which are filled with Seeds,
abhich are almoft of an oval Shape.

We have but one Sort of this
Plant; wiz. :

Lurra Arabum. Tourn.
Luffa of the Arabians.

There are two Varieties of this
Plant, one having white, and the
other black Seeds ; but thefe are not
diftin& Species,

This Plant may be propagated af-
ter the fame manner as Cucumbers
and Melons, by fowing the Seeds
on an Hot-bed the Beginning of

The

| March: and when the Plants are

come up, they mult be pricked into
a frefn Hot-bed to firengthen the
Plants, obferving to let them have
frefh Air every Day in warm Wea-
ther, and to refrefh them frequently
with Water. When the Pl:nts have
four or five Leaves, they thculd be
planted out on an Hot-bed, where
they are defigned to remain, which
fhould be under Frames, and but
one Plant put into each Hole; for
as thefe Plants fenc forth a great

| Number of Sils-fioots, fo where

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they are planted too clofe, they will
entangle one into the other, andbe-
come fo thick, as to caufe the Fruit
to drop. In the Management of
thefe Plants after they are planted
out for good, there muft be the fame
Care taken as for Melons and Cu-
cumbers, with this Difference only,
that thefe require a larger Share of
Air in warm Weather; otherwiie
the Vines will grow weak, and will
not produce Fruit.

When the Plants have fpread, fo
as to fill the Frames on every Side,
the Frames fhould be raifed’ on
Bricks, and the Ends of the Plants
drawn out, that they may have room’
to grow; for whenthefe Plants are —
in a vigorous State, they will {fpread —
eight or ten Feet; fo that if they are
confined, they will become fo thick,
as to rot the tender Branches which ©
are covered from the Air, and there ©
will be no Fruit produced.

The Fruit, when it is young, is 7
_by fome People, eaten, and made ©

into Mango’s, and preferved in
Pickle; but it hath a very difagree-
able Tafte, and is not accounted ©
very wholfome: wherefore thefe ©
Plants are feldom cultivated in Eu-
rope, except by fuch Perfons as are
curious in Botany, for Variety. |
LUNARIA, Moonwort, Sattine @
Flower, or Honefty.
The Chara&ers are; a
The Flower confifis of four Leaves, @

awhich expand in form of a Crofs: @

the Ovary (which rifes in the Centre
of the Flower) becomes a comprefs'd
perfectly fmooth Fruit, divided, as it

avere, into two Cells by an interme-

diate Partition, to which adbere the
parallel and membransous Valves, ©
and filled with Seeds, which have WH
commonly a broad Border, and are
Seaped like a Kiduey. .
The Species are ; %

1, LUNARIA major, filiqua rotua~ ©
a0 Be

iter 58 ©]

diore. F. B. Greater Moonwort,
with round Pods, commonly called
Honefty, or White Sattin.

z. Lunaria major, filiqua lon-
_giore. F.B. Greater Moonwort,
with a longer Pod.

3. Lunaria major perennis, fili-
| qua rotundiori, flsre albo, Tourn.
Greater perennial Moonwort, with
a rounder Pod, and a white Flower.

4. Lunaria leucoit folio, filiqua
oblonga majori. Tourn. Moonwort
with a Stock-gilliflower-leaf, and a
large oblong Pod. |

5. Lunaria fruticofa perennis in-
cana, leucoii folio. Tourn. Shrubby
perennial Moonwort, with a Stocl:-
gilliflower-leaf.

6. Lunaria Orientalis, leucoii
folio incano,- lutea patula. Fuffieu.
Yellow fpreading Eaflern Moon-
wort, with a Stock-gilliflower-leaf.

7. Lunaria perennis lutea, folio
leucoii, ramiscxpanfis. Vail. Branch-
ing yellow perennial Moonwort,
with a Stock-gilliflower-leaf.

There are fome other Varieties of
this Plant, which are preferved in
curious Botanic Gardens: but thofe
here mentioned are the beft worth
cultivating, for their Beauty.

The firft of thefe Plants is very
common in moft old Gardens in Exg-
and, and is generally known by the
Name of Honelty, or White Sattin:
it requires very little Culture, and
fhould be fown foon after the Seeds
are ripe in Autumn, upon a Bed or
Border of common Earth, in almoft
any Situation (provided it be not un-
der the Dripping of Trees), in which
Place they fhould be fuffered to re-
main; for they feldom thrive well,
if tranfplanted ; and in May follow-
ing they will produce Flowers, and
the Seeds willripen in Auguf. The
Seed-veffels of this Plant, when they
are full ripe, become very tranfpa-

~
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rent, and of the Appearance of white
Sattin, at which time the Branches
are cut off, and dry’d ; after which,
they are preferved to place in the
Chimneys of Halls, and large
Rooms, where they appear very
agreeable.

The other Sorts may be all propa-
gated in the fame manner as the for-
mer, with this Difference; wiz,
That as they are fomewhat tenderer,
fo they fhould have a warmer Situa-
tion, otherwife they are fubje& to
be deftroyed in very cold Winters :
they fhould alfo have a dry Soil,
which fhould be frefh, but not dung-
ed; for if the Soil be too rank, they
often canker and decay, e@écially
in wet Seafons.

Thefe Plants are all of them pretty
Varieties in large Gardens, where
there is room; but they are feldom
cultivated in {mall Places, efpecially
the two firft Sorts, which grow
pretty large, and take up too much
room. ‘Their Flowersare not very
beautiful: but for the Oddnefs of
their Seed-veffels, asalfo thedifferent
Appearances of the Plants, they ma
be admitted. i 3

The third, fifth, and fixth Sorts
are perennial Plants, which may be
propagated by planting Cuttings of
any of them in the Summer-months,
ina fhady Border of frefh light Earth,
obferving to water them until they
have taken Root; after which, they
may be removed into the Places
where they are to remain, and muf
be treated as thofe Plants which were
raifed from Seeds.

LUPINUS, Lupine. )

The CharaGers are;

It hath a pafpilionaceous Floaver,
out of whofe Empalement rifes the
Pointal, which afterward turns into
a Pod, that is filled with either
plain or {pherical Seeds: to which

may

a WY
sway be added, The Leaves grow like
Fingers upon the Foot-ftalks.
The Species are ;

1. Lupinus /jlveffris, purpureo
fare, femine rotundo vario» F. B.
Wild Lupine, with a purple Flower,
and round variegated Seed, com-
monly called the leffer blue Lu-
pine.

z. Lupinus anguftifoltus ceruleus
elatior. Rati iff, Narrow - leav’d
taller blue Lupine.

3. Lupinus /ylvefris, fore luteo,-

C.B.P.
pine.

4. Lupinus peregrinus major, vel
willofus caruleus magor,C. B. P. Fo-
reign greater hairy Lupine, with a
farge blue Flower, commonly call-
ed the:great blue Lupine,

5. Lupinus peregrinus major, flore
incarnate. H. L, Foreign greater
Lupine, with a flefh-coloured Flow-

The common yellow Lu-

er, commonly call’d the Rofe Lu-

pine.
_ 6 Lupinus fativus, flore alto.

-€. B.P. Garden or Manured Lu-

pine, with a white Flower.

4. Lupinus ceruleus minor peren-
wis Virginianus repens. Mor. Hif.
Smaller perennial creeping blue Lu-
pine of Virginia.
~ ‘There are feveral other Varieties
of this Plant, which are preferved in
fome curious Botanic Gardens, that
differ chiefly in the Colour and Size
of their Flowers and Fruit ; but thofe
here mentioned are fuch as generally
are preferred for the Beauty of their
Flowers, for which alone they are
propagated in the Exglib Gardens.

The firft Sort is very common in
every Garden, being fown in the

~Borders of the Flower-garden, with

other hardy Kinds of annual Plants,
which do not require the Affiftance

of an Hot-bed to bring them for-

ward. ‘The Seeds of this, and the
common yellow and white Lupines,

- ata very reafonable Price.

‘rots them.

n.U |

are very frequent at every Seed-
fhop, where they are generally fold
Thefe
Seeds may be fown in April, May,
and ‘Zune, in order to continue a ~
Succeflion of their Flowers thro’ the
Summer. They muft be fown where
they are to remain; for they feldom ~
do well if tranfplanted. They love
a light Soil, not too rich or moift;
in both which they are very fubje&
to rot before they perfect their
Seeds.

Thefe produce their Flowers fuc= —
ceflively in Zune, Fuly, and. Auguft,
according to the time of their being
fown; and commonly grow about
two eet high: fo that if they are ©
rightly difpofed amongft other an-
nual Plants af the fame Growth in ©
Borders, they make an agreeable
Variety. The Seeds of thefe Plants |
fhould always be fown in dry Wea- —
ther ; for if there fhould happento 7
be much Wet foon after they are 7
put into the Ground, it-commonly —
The blue and white ©
Sorts have no Scent; but the yellow ©
has a very agreeable Odour, for ~
which it is commonly preferr’d by —
moft People to the others. ’

The narrow-leav’d tall blue Lu- 7

pine is not fo common in England

as the other Sorts ; tho’ in Jtalyand |

Spain it is one of the moft common: —

in the former of which Places it is ~

fown to improve the Ground which 9)
is defign’d for Vineyards; where, @
when the Lupines. are in Flower, @

they cut them down, and plow them

into the Ground as Manure; or, if |
they have not time enough to do 7
this, they parboil the Seeds, to pre- |
vent their growing, and fow them
upon the Ground, allowing fixteen
Bufhels to an Acre, and plow them

in: fo that in thefe Countries it isa |
valuable Plant. ; i
The fourth and fifth Sorts arenot
| fo ¥

” LU |
fo common as the former. Thefe
Plants grow three Feet bigh, and
fpread out into many Branches,
which, are furnifh’d with fine Spikes
of large Flowers, which make an
handfome Appearance, and continue
a long time in Beauty. The Seeds of
thefe Plants fhould be fown very
early,in the Spring, upon a warm
dry Border, where they muft remain
to flower ; for if they are fown late,
they feldom perfect their Seeds with
ys : therefore the better way is, to fow
them in 4ygu/?, under a warm Wall
or Hedge, where the Plants will
come up, and endure the Cold of
our ordinary Winters very well:'and
thefe Plants will flower earlier the
fucceeding Summer, and never fail
to produce ripe Seeds; whereas
thofe fown in the Spring very often
mifcarry.

By not prattifing this Method,
when there happened two or three
fucceeding cold Summers, thefe two
Species were almoit loft in Exglanda
few Years fince.

The feventh Sort is an abiding
-Plant,which grows in greatPlenty in
| America; from whence the Seeds have
been brought into Exgland, where
it thrives very well, provided it be
fuffered toremain in the Place where
it was fown ; for the Roots of this
Plant generally run very deep into
the Ground, which by removing are
commonly breken ; after which the
Plant feldom does well. This fhould
be fown on a light dry Soil, in
which it will thrive very well, and
continue feveral Years, producing
fine Spikes of blue Flowers: but
this Sort creeps fo much at the
Root, as not to produce many Seeds
in this Country.

_ LUPULUS, The Hop.

The CharaGers are;
~It hath a creeping Root: the
Leaves are rough, angular, and con-

UC

jugated: the Stalks climb and twift

about whatever is near them: the
Flowers are Male and Female on
different Plants: the Male Flowers
confit of a Calyx, divided into five .
Parts, which furrounds the Stamina,

but has no Petals to the Flower :_ the

Female Plants bave their Flowers col-
le&ed into fquamofe Heads, which
grow in Bunches: fromeach of the
leafy Scales is produced an horned
Ovary, which becomes a fingle roundife
Seed,

The Species are ;

1. Luputus mas. C.B.P, The
Male Hop, commonly called the
wild Hop.

z.Lupu.us femina.C_B.P. The
Female, or manur’d Hop. s

Of this laft Sort, the People who
cultivate them reckon three different
Varieties; as, firft, the long and
{quare garlick Hop ; the long white
Hop; and the oval Hop; all
which are indifferently cultivated in
Exglaid : but of the Male Hop there
has been no Notice taken of any dif-.
ferent Varieties. This Sort grows
wild in Hedges in divers Parts of
England; bat is never cultivated, as
being of no Ufe.

There being the greateft Planta-
tion of Hops in Kent, that are in any
County in Exgland, it is very pro-
bable, that their Method of planting
and ordering them fhould be the
beft. , |

As for the Choice of their Hop-~
grounds, they efteem the richeft and
ftrongeft Grounds as the moft pro-

er: they choofe a warm dry Soil, , -
that has a good Depth of hazel :
Mould; and if it be rocky within
two or three Feet of the Surface, —
the Hops will profper well; but
they will by no means thrive on a
Riff Clay, or fpongy wet Land.
’ If it Maybe, choofe a Piece of
Meadow cr Lay - ground to plane

Hops

.

ites

Flops an, fuch as has not been till’d
or fown for many Years, or an old
éecay’d Orchard ; for Land that is
worn out by long bearing of Corn,
will require abundance of Dung, to
bring it into any tolerable Condition
to bear a Crop of Hops.

The Kenti/> Planters accounting
new Land beft for Hops, they plant
their Hop-gardens with Apple-trees,
ata large Diftance, and with Cherry-
trees between ; and when the Land

hath done its beft for Hops, which’
they reckon it will in about ten.

Years, the Trees may begin to bear.
The Cherry - trees laft about thirty
Years; and by that time the Apple-
‘trees are large, they cut down the
Cherry-trees.

The Effex Planters account a
moory Land the propereft for Hops;
tho’ there are feveral other Sorts of
Soil that are efteemed very good.

Some account that Land that has
a rofielly Top, and a brick earthy
Bottom, the beft : a true Roffel, or
light Land, is what they generally
plant in, whether it be white or
black.

Perfons ought to be very curious

‘In the Choice of the Plants and Sets,
as to the Kind of Hop; for if the
Hop-garden be planted with a Mix-
gure of feveral Sorts of Hops, that
sipen at feveral times, it will canfe
a great deal of Trouble, and be a
reat Detriment to the Owner.
~ ‘The Sets ought to be procured
cut of Grounds that are intirely of
the fame Sort you would have ; they
fiould be five or fix Inches long,
with three or more Joints or Buds
on them, all the old Bind and hollow
Part of the Set being cut off.

If there be a Sort of Hop you
waine, and would increafe Plants
and Sets from, the fuperfluous Binds
gay be laid down when the Hops
are tied, cutting of the Tops, and

LU
burying them in the Hill; or when

the Hops are drefs’d, all the Cut- —
tings may be faved, and laid in ©

Rows in a Bed of good Earth; for

almoft every Part will grow, and ©

become a good Set the next Spring.

As to the Seafons of planting
Hops, the Kentz/> Planters beft ap-
prove the Months of O@sber and
March, both which fucceed very
well: but the common Sets are not
to be had in O&ober, unlefs from
fome Ground that is to be digg’d up,
and deftroy’d; and hikewife there is

fome Danger, that the Sets may be. —
rotted, if the Winter prove very)
wet: but the moft ufual time of pro- —
curing them isin March, when the —

Hops are cut and drefs’d.

Asto the manner of planting the 4

Sets, you fhould put five good Sets

in every Hole with a Setting-ftick;
one is to be placed in the middle, 7

and the reft round about, floping,

the Tops meeting at the Centre: be
they muft fland even with the Sur- ©

face of the Ground: let them be

prefs’d clofe with the Hand, and co-. ‘

vered with fine Earth; and a Stick
fhould be placed on each Side the
Hill, to fecure it.

A Mixture of Compof or Dung

being prepared for your Hop- 7
ground, the beft time for laying it |
on, if the Weather prove dry, is 7
about Michaelmas,-that the Wheels a
of the Dung-cart may not injure the ©

Hops, nor furrow the Ground : if

this be not done then, you muft be ©
obliged to wait till the Froft has —
hardened the Ground, fo that it ©

se

will bear the Dung-cart: and this Pe

is alfo the time to carryon your |

new Poles, to recruit thofe thatare

decayed, and to be cut out every

Year.

themfelves with laying on about

Thofe who have but a {mall mS
Quantity of Dung, ufually content

Re

twenty ¥

LU

twenty Loads upon an Acre every
Year; this they lay only on the
Hills, either about November, or in
the Spring ; which laft fome account
the beft- time, when the Hops are
drefs’d to cover them after they are
cut; but if it be done at this time,
the Compoft or Dung ought to be
very well rotted and fine.

About the End of February, if the
Hops were planted the Spring
before, or if the Ground be weak,
they ought to be drefs’d in dry
Weather; but elfe, if the Ground
be ftrong, and in Perfection, the
Middle of Marca will be a good
time; and the Latter-end of March,
if it be apt to produce over - rank
Binds, or the Beginning of April,
_may be foon enough.

In drefling thofe Hops that have
been planted the Year before, you
ought to cut off both the dead Tops,
and the young Suckers, which have
fprung up from the Sets, and alfo to
cover the Stocks with an Hill with
fine Earth a Finger’s Length in
Thicknefs.

' About the Middle of Apri/ the
Hops are to be poled, when the
Shoots begin to {prout up ; the Poles
muft be fet to the Hills deep into
the Ground, with a fquare iron
Pitcher or Crow, that they may the
better endure the Winds : three Poles
are fufficient for one Hill. Thefe
fhould be placed as near the Hills as
may be, with their bending Tops
turned outward from the Hill, to
prevent the Binds from entangling ;
and a Space between two Poles
| ought to be left open to the South, to
admit the Sun-beams.

If you wait till the Sprouts, or
. young Binds, are grown to theLength
of a Foot, you will be able to make
a better Judgment where to place the
largeit Poles; bot if you ftay till
they are fo long as to fall inte the

;

LU
Alleys, it will be injurious to them,
becaufe they will entangle one with
another, and will not clafp about the
Pole-fo readily.

If, after the Hops are grown up,
you find any of them have been un-
der-poled, taller Poles may be
placed near thofe that are too fhort,
to receive the Binds from them.

Some advife, that if the Binds be
very firong, and overgrow the Poles
very much, you ftrike off their
Heads with a long Switch, to in-
creafe their branching below.

Toward the Latter-end of May,
when you have made an End of
tying them, the Ground muit have
the Summer Digging: this is done
by cafting up with the Spade fome
fine Earth into every Hill; and a
Month after thisis done, you muit
pare the Alleys with a Shovel, and
make the Hills upto a convenient
Bignefs.

When the Hops blow, you fhould
obferve if there be any wild barren
Hills among them, and mark them,
by driving a fharpen’d Stick into
every fuch Hill, that they may be
dige’d up, and replanted.

Hops, as well as other Vegetables,
are liable to Diftempers and Dii-
alters, and, among the reft, te the
Fen.

About the Middle of Fu/y Hops
begin to blow, and will be ready to
gather about Bartholomew-tide. A,
Judgment may be made of their
Ripenefs, by their. ftrong Scents,
their Hardnefs, and the brownifh
Colour of their Seed.

When by thefe Tokens they ap-
pear to be ripe, they muft be pick'd
with all the Expedition poflible ; for
if at this time a Storm of Wind
fhould come, it would do them great
Damage, by breaking the Branches,
and bruifing and difcolouring the
Hops: and it is very well known,

thas

that Hops, being pick’d green and
byight, will fell for a Third-part
more than thofe which are difco-
lour’d and brown.

It will be beft to begin to pick the
Hops on the Eaft or North Side of

your Ground, if you can do it con-

veniently ; this will prevent the

South-weft Wind from breaking in-

- to the Garden.

When the Poles are drawn up to
be pick’d, you muft take great Care
not to cut the Binds too near the
Hills, efpecially when the Hops are
green, becaufe it will make the Sap
to flow exceflively.

And if the Poles do not come up
without Difficulty, they fhould be
raifed by a Piece of Wood in the na-
ture of a Lever, having a forked
Piece of Tron with Teeth on the In-
fide, faften’d within two Feet of the
End.

The Hops muft be pick’d very
clean, 7.¢. free from Leaves and
Stalks ; and, as there fhall be Occa-
fion, two or three times ina Day the
Bin muft be emptied into an Hop-.
bag made of coarfe Linen-cloth, and
carried immediately to the Oaft-or
Kiln, in order to be dried: for if
they fhould be long in the Bin or
-Bag, they will be apt to heat, and
be difcolour’d.

Ifthe Weather be hot, there fhould
no more Poles be drawn than can be
- pick’d in an Hour; and they fhould

be gathered in fair Weather, if it
can be, and when the Hopsare dry :
this will fave fome Expence in Fire-
ing, and preferve their Colour bet-
ter when they are dried.

The beft Method of drying Hops

is with Charcoal on an Oaft or Kiln
- covered with Hair-cloth, of the fame
Form and Fafhion that is ufed for
drying Milt. There is no need to
give any particular Dire¢tions for
ihe making it; fince every Carpen-

ay

wih" a abh «site ) j atieu? DY

LU
ter or Bricklayer, in thofe Countries
where Hops grow, or Malt is made,
knows how to build them. .

The Hops muft be fpread even
upon the Oaft a Foot thick or more
if the Depth of the Curb will allov
it: but Care is to be taken not t
overload the Oait, if the Hops be)
green or wet. :

The Oat ought to be firft warm=)
ed with a Fire before the Hops are
laid on; and then an even fleady
Fire muft be kept under them:
muft not be too fierce at firft, left it
{corch the Hops : nor muft it be fuf.
fered to fink or flacken, but rathe
be increafed till the Hops be nearer
dried, left the Moifture or Sweat
which the Fire has raifed, fall back
cr difcolour them. When they have
lain about nine Hours, they muft bé®
tarn’d, and in two or three Hours)
more they may be taken off the Oaft
Tt may be known when they are well
dried, by the Brittlenefs of the
Stalks,-and the eafy falling off of
the Hop-leaves. «tm

LUTEOLA, Weld, Would, Yel
low-weed, or Dyers-weed.

The CharaGers are ;

The Leaves are oblong and intire >
it hath an anomalous Flower, confifi-
ing of many diffimilar Leaves: the
Fruit is globular, hollow, and divié
ded into three Parts.

The Species are ; .

1. Lureoia herba, falicis folios
C. 8B. P. Common Weld. 4
2, LuTEOLA minima, polygale fo-
io. D. du Bois. Rati Syn. Smalleft
Weld, with a Milkwort-leaf. ;

The firft of thefe Plants is very”
common in Exgland, growing upon
dry Banks, and the Tops of Walls®
and Buildings, almoft every-where 5
but the fecond Sort is very rare i}
this was found near Tunbridge-qwells
by Charles du Bois, “Eig; feverak Pe |
Years fince. 4 or
The ©

~~
.

yw

at ete” tae
at a common Weld is accounted
a rich Dyers Commodity, and is of

reat Advantage, confidering the
Foal Expence of its Culture: it will
grow upon the pooreft Sort of Land,
_provided it be dry; tho’ upon a
middling Soil it will grow much
Jarger. The Seeds of this Plant
fhould be fown the Beginning of
Auguf?, foon after they are ripe;
when it will come up with the firit
moift Weather, and will grow very
ftrong the fame Autumn, provided it
be fown by itfelf ; for molt People
fow it with Corn, which is very
wrong; for that hinders its Progrefs
greatly, and occafions the Lots of
one whole Year. When the Plants
are come up pretty flrong, you
fhould hoe them (as is practifed with
‘Turneps), im order to deftroy the
Weeds, as alfo to cut up the Plants
where they grow too thick, which
will greatly improve them; and the
fucceeding Spring, if the Ground
produces many Weeds, you fhould
give it a fecond Hoeing in 4pri/,
which will preferve it clean from
Weeds; for, after that, the Weld
will grow, and prevent the Weeds
from coming to an Head _after-
ward. |

Youmuf be very cautious in the

gathering of it, that the Seed be not
over-ripe, fo as to fall out, and that
neither the Stalk nor Seed be under-
ripe ; becaufe if it be, both will be
fpoil’d. It muft be pull’d up, and
bound in little Handfuls, and fet to
dry, as you do Flax; and ther houfe
it carefully, that you fhake not out
the Seed, which is eafily beat out,
and fhould be fown (as was before
direéted) foon after it is ripe,

This Seed is commonly fold for
.about ten Shillings per Buthel, or
amore ; a Gallon of which will fow an
Acre; for itis very fmall.

os Se ;

There are fome who recommend
the fowing this Seed in the Spring,
mixing it with a Crop of Barley or
Oats, and only harrowed in with a
Bufh, or roll’d with a Roller. Bas
this is not a good Method: for the
Barley or Oats will ftarve the Weld
and make it very poor: and, many
times, the Seeds which are fown in
the Spring do not grow, or not
come up, till the Autumn follow.
ing ; whereas that fown in the Be.
ginning of Augu/? rarely fails to come
up foon after, and will be muck
ftronger, and fit to pull the fucceed-
ing Summer, when the other js al.
ways two Years before it is pull’d.
The Dyers ufe it for dyeing bright
Yellows and Lemon Colours, Jt is
much fown in Kezt; efpecially about
Canterbury ; and often yields from
Forty Shillings to ten or twelve
Pounds an Acre. This is fuppofed
to be the Plant which the antient
Britons dyed themfelves with.

LYCHNIDEA. Vide Phlox.
LYCHNIS, Campion.
The Chara&ers are;

The Cup of the Flower js whole,
and either tubulous or Swelling, and,
Jor the moft part, furrow d: the
Flower confifts of five Leaves, which
expand in form of a Clove-gillifiower,
and are generally heart-/oaped: the
Ovary, which rifes in the Centre of
the Calyx, becomes a conical Fruit,
which is wrapt up in the Flower-cup 5
and has commonly one Cell, which is
filled with Seeds, which are roundi/p,
angular, and kidney-foaped.

The Species are ;

1, Lycunis coronaria Diofcoridis,
Jativa, flore dilute rubente. C. B. P.
Garden or Rofe Campion, with a
pale-red Flower. ;

2. LycuHNIs coronaria Diofcoridis,
Sativa, flore rubro, velut flammeo,
fulgens. GC. B.P.. Rolfe Campion,
. With

LY

with a flaming red - coloured Flow-
~ ey ;
3. Lycunis coronaria fativa mul-
titlex. C.B.P. ‘The double Rofe
Campion.

4. Lycunts coronaria fativa Dj-
ofcoridis, fore albo. C.B.P. The
fingle white Rofe Campion.

5. Lycunis umbellifera montana
Helvetica. Zan. Umbelliferous
Mountain Campion of He/wetia.

6. Lycunis alba multiplex. C.
B. P. Double white Campion,
commonly called the Bachelor’s--
button.

7. Lycunis purpurea multiplex.
C. B. P. Double red Campion,
commonly call’d the double red
Bachelor’s- button.

8. Lycunis pratenfis, flore laci-
niato pleno.. Mor. Hift. ‘The double
Meadow Campion, with a jagged
Flower, commonly called the double
Ragged-Robin.

g. Lycunis hirfuta, flore cocci-
neo, major, C. B. P. The fearlet
Lychnis, Nonfuch, Feru/alem Crofs,
or Flower of Conffantinople.

10. Lycunis hirfuta, flore in-
carnate, major. C. B. P. -Great
hairy Campion, witha flefh-colour-
ed Flower, commonly called the
pale Lychnis of Conftantinople.

11. Lycunis Chalcedonica, flore
pleno miniato, feu aurantiaco. Mor.
Hift. ‘The double fcarlet Lychnis,
or Flower of Con/tantinople.

a2. Lycunis feu faponaria, fore
pleno. Tourn. Double Soapwort,
vulgo. ;

13. Lycunis /y/veftris, que Been
album, vulgo. C. B. P. Wild Cam-
pion, Spatling-poppy, or white Be-
hen of the Shops.

14. Lycunis fylveffris vifcsfa
anguftifolia rubra. C.B.P. Red
German Catchfly.

15. Lycunis fylvecffris vifcofa
angufifolid rubra, flore pleno. . Red

oy

German Catchfly, with a doub ,
Flower.

16. Lycunis Orientalis, bupleuri |
Solio. Tourn. Cor. Eaftern Cam-

pion, with an Hare’s-ear-leaf.

17. Lycunis facie auricale urfi.
C.B.P. Campion with the Face

of an Auricula.

}

18. Lycunis maritima faxatilis, —
folio anacampferotis. T. Cor. Mari-—
time rocky Campion, with an. Or- i.

pine-leaf.

19. Lycunis noé&iflora augufti- a
Night flow-, -
ered {weet-fcented Campion, witha ~

folia odorata. Tourn.

narrow Leaf.

20. Lycunis frutefcens myrtifos
lia, Been albo fimilis. C. B. P.
Campion, 7

Shrubby myrtle-leav'd
like the white Behen.

21. Lycunis fegetum rubra, fo-
lits perfoliate. C.B.P. RedCorn
with Thorough -wax- @

Campion,
leaves.

22. Lycunis fupina Sicula, calyce

amplifime firiato. Tourn. Low Si-

cilian Campion, with alarge freak’d

Flower-cu p. ;

23. Lycunis fylvefris wifcofa
P

anguftifolia rubra altera. C. B. P.

Another -narrow-leav’d wild Cam-

pion, with a vifcous Stalk, and red
Flowers. .

24. Lycunts vifcofa purpurea la- ) \Wt
tifolia levis. C. B. P. Purple vif-
cous Campion, with a broad {mooth —
Leaf, commonly call’d Lobel’sCatch- —

fly.
25. Lycunis viftofa alba lati-

folia levis. C. B. P. White flower- ~ |!

ing broad-leav’d Catchfly.

Ce ee oe ee

26. Lycunis hirfuta minor, fore

variegato. Tourn. Small hairyCam-
pion, witha variegated Flower,com- 4) |

monly call’d Dwarf Lychnis. .
27. Lycunis Hifpanica, folio ka-

hi, multifora. Tourn. Spani/h many- “}
flower'd Campion, with aGlafiwort-

leaf,

LY "i

28. Lycanis Hi/panica, valert-
ane rubre folio, purpurafcente flore.
Tourn. Spanifo Campion, with a red
Valerian-leaf, and'a purplifh Flower.

29. Lrounis /evetum meridiona-
lium ahnua hirfuta, floribus rubris,
ano verfu difpofitis. Mor. Hilt. Cora
annual hairy Campion, with red
Flowers difpofed on one Side of the
Stalk. ;

30. Lycunis /ylveffris alba, /pi-
¢a reflexa. Bot, Monfp. White wild
Campion, with a reflex’d Spike.

_ The firft, fecond, and fourth Sorts
are very common in moft Exgli
‘Gardens: thefeare very hardyPlants,
and eafily propagated either by
parting their Roos, or from Seed ;
if by parting the Roots, it fhould
be done about the Latter-end of 4u-
guft,or the Beginning of September,
that they may take Root before the
cold Weather comes on: they may
be planted in any Situation, provi-
ded they have a light dry Soil. If
ou-would propagate them from
eeds, they fhould be fown in March,
pon a Bed of frefh light Earth ; and
n May the Plants fhould be tranf-
lanted into another Bed of the like
refh Earth, atabout fix Inches Di-
ance from each other; obferving
@ water and fhade them until they
wave taken Root ; after which they
ill require no farther Culture than
keep them clear from Weeds.

At Michaelmas following, thefe

heSummer following, they will pro-
uce their Flowers in Fuze and ful ;
nd foon afcer,theirSeeds will ripen
hich, if permitted to fhed on the
round, will rife the fucceeding
pring, without any Care.

ith others of the like Size, make

Thefe Plants, when intermix’d .

ii Sgp

The double Rofe Campfon ‘is
fomewhat nicer, and requires more
Care in its Culture, than any of the
former : this never produces any
Seeds, and is therefore only to be
propagated by parting the Roots ;
the beft time for which is in Augu/t,
when the Heads taken off fhould be
planted on a Bed of freth light Earth;
and if the Seafon fhould prove dry,
they muft be water’d and fhaded
until they have taken Root : after
which they muft be kept clear from
Weeds; and, during the Winter-
Seafon, they fhould be fcreen’d from
exceflive Rains:.for too much Moift-
ure, at that Seafon, very often rots
them. In March they may be taken
up with a Ball of Earth to their
Roots, and tranfplanted either into

the Borders of the Flower-garden, .

or in Pots filled with freth lightEarth,

and placed where they may havethe .

morning Sun till Eleven o’Clock ; in
which Situation they will thrive bet-

ter than when they have more of '

the Sun. In dry Weather they muft
be frequently water'd : but you
fhould never let them have too much
Wet ; for that will canlser and rot
them, as will alfo a very rich Soil.
This Plant commonly grows about
two Feet high, and produces a great

‘Number of beautiful red Flowers in

June and Fuly, which continve a
long time; for whick they are great-
ly efteem’d.

The umbelliferous Mountain Cam-
pion is nearly akin to the before-
mention’d Sorts, but produces its

-

Flowers in an Umbel upoa the Top |

of the Stalks, which are of a bright
red Colour, and make a pretty Va-
riety ina Garden : this feldom grows
above eight or nine Inches ‘high,

therefore it fhould be placed among
Flowers of the fame Growth: it

delights ina light freth undune’d |

Soil, and fhady Situation; and may
Fre | be

|
be propagated either from Seeds,
which it commonly affords in great
Plenty ; or fromSlips, as the before-
mention’d Sorts.

The red and white Bachelor’s-
button are very hardy Plants, in
refpect to Cold : but if they are fuf-
fer’d to remain Jong in a Place un-
removed, they are very fubject to
rot and decay. They never produce
Seeds; fo are propagated only by
parting of their Roots ; which may
be done either in Septcmber, or in

the Beginning of March: but the-

former Seafon is preferable ; for
they wil] then be well-rooted in the
Grouhd before the dry Weather of
the Spring comes on, whereby they
will be out of Danger from that ;
whereas thofe planted in the Spring,
if the Weather fhould prove dry foon
after, will ftarve, and be very weak,
unlefs frequently water'd. Thefe
commonly grow above two Feet
high, and produce their Flowers in
“Fune and Fuly: they love a frefh
loamy Soil, which fhould not be
dung’d ; and aSituation to the morn-
ing Sun, in which they will thrive
better than in a more openExpofure.

The double Ragged-Robin is alfo
increafed by parting the Roots in
Autumn : this Plant muft have a
moift Soil, and fhady Situation,
where it will thrive exceedingly :
but in an hot dry Soil it feldom
_ does well. It produces its Flow-
ers about the fame time as the for-
mer, andis very proper for fhady
cold Borders, where few other Piants
will thrive.

The fingle fcarlet Lychnis may
be either propagated by fowing the
Seeds, or parting the Roots : if
from Seeds, it fhould be fown ona
Bed of light Earth in the Beginning
of March; and when the Plants are
“come up pretty ftrong (which 1s
commonly in Mey), they fhould be

bY
tranfplanted out into Nurfery-beds
at about fix Inches Diftance each
Way, obferving to water and fhade
them until they have taken Root ; —
after which they will require no
farther Care, but only to keep them —
clear from Weeds until Michaelmas;
at which time they may be removed ~
into the Borders of the Flower-gar-
den, where the next Summer they —
will produce very ftrong Stems of
Flowers : but if you would pro- |
pagate them by parting the Roots,
it fhould be done in September (as —
was directed for the before- men- |)
tion’d Sorts). This Plant will grow ©
in almof any Soil or Situation ; but
does beft in a middling loamy Soil,
and an open Expofure.

The double Lychnis or Nonfuch ©
is only propagated by parting the
Roots, or planting the Cuttings of |
its Flower-fiems ; which, if water’d
and fhaded, will take Root very
well, and make good Plants. The
beft Seafon for parting the Roots
is in September: but for planting |
the Cuttings, Zu/y is the moft pro-
per Seafon : in doing of this, you
fhould take only the lower Parts of
the Flower-flems, which generally
fucceed much better than the ex- 7
treme Parrs. The Cuttings fhould 7
have three Joints, two of which |
fhould be placed in the Ground,
and the third only left above-ground;
from which the Shoot will be
produc’d, and make a good Plant = |
by which Method this beautiful —
Flower may be propagated much”
faiter than from the Rootaione.

This Plant delights in a freth light
Soil, which is not too dry; where
it will produce very ftrong Stems,
and rife about three Feet high, This
flowers in July, and, if the Seafow
does not prove very hot, will con-"
tinue in Beauty a whole Month; ©
for which it is greatly efleem’d.. A

‘

i, es ede 5 f
merar'e. ¥

The doub!e Sopewort is a Plant
of no great Beauty ; and, being a
Very yreat Runner in Gardens, has
been almoft excluded from all curious
Gardens; butas it isaPlant which re-
quires very littleCulture,it maybe ad-
mitted to have aPiace in fome abject
Part of the Garden. This is propagat-
ed by its ronning Roots, which fhould
be tranfplanted in O@ober, and may
be placed in any Soil and Situation ;
but fhould never ftand near any
otherPlants ; for it will over-run and
deftroy them. It may be planted
under Trees in large Avenues, (c.
where it will thrive very well ; and
in Auguft will produce large Bunches
of double Flowers, which are very
proper to place in Chimneys, Ge.
or in Bafons among other Flowers,
where it will make a fine Appear-
ance ; and, were it lefs common, it
would be more efteem’d than it is

- at prefent.

The Spatling - poppy, or White
Behen, is a very common Plant in
the Fields, in moft Parts of Exgland,
and is rarely cultivated in Gardens ;
but thofe who have a mind to pre-

‘ferve it for medicinal Ufes, may
propagate it by fowing the Seeds
in March, on a Bed of common
Earth ; where the Plants will eafi-

ly rife, and; if kept clear from |

Weeds, will foon. overfpread the
Ground, and continue for feveral
Years. :
The red German Catchflies, both
fingle and double, are eafily pro-
pagated by parting the Roots, which
fhould be done in Autumn ; for if
it. be perform’d in the Spring, the
dry Weather, ‘which ufually hap-
pens at that Seafon, greatly retards
their Growth ; whereby their Flow-
ers are never fo flrong, nor produ-
ced in fuchPlenty, as when they are
removed in Autumn. Thefe pro-
duce their Flowers in Spikes upon

jay LY

clammy Stalks, which grow about a.
Foot high, and flower in Apri] and —
May: that with fingle Flowers al-
ways is the earlieft ; but the double
Sort continues longeft in Flower.
The fingle Sort may be propa-
gated by Seeds, which fhould be
fown in March, upon a Bed of light —
Earth ; and when the Plants come
up, they fhould be tranfplanted in-
to Nuriery-beds about fix Inches
alunder, where they will require no
farther Care than to kecp them clear
from Weeds, and in very dry Wea-
ther to give them a little Water: at
Michaelmas they may be.removed
where they are defigned co remain.
‘The fingle-flower’d Sort is not
near fo beautiful as the double, and
therefore hardly worth propagating,
fince the double is very eafily mul-
tiplhied, efpecially if planted in a
moift light Soil, in which it will —
thrive exceedingly, and produce
ftrong Flowers. ‘This Sort is very
proper to plant in Pots, to. adorn
{mall Court-yards at the time of its
Flowering. |
The fixteenth and nineteenth
Sorts are pretty Varieties in a Gar-
den ; and as they take up but litle
room, and are not very nice in their
Culture, they may have a. Place
amongft other Flowers of the fame
Growth. Thefe are propagated by
fowing their Seeds in March, upon
a Bed of frefh light Earth ; and when
the Plants are come up, they fhould
be tranfplanted into a Nurfery-bed,
as thé former, and at A@ichaelmas
may be removed into the Borders
of the Flower-garden, where they
are to remain. ‘Thefe Plants com-
monly grow about two Feet high ;
but as their Leaves are narrow, and
the Flower-ftems ftand .ere&t, they
take up very little room, and their
Roots will continue fevera! Years,
and annually produce large Quanti-
ha Te ae ties

=

LY

ties of Flowers : thefe delight in a
freth light dry Soil.

The feventeenth is a_ biennial
Plant, and is only propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown ona
Border of frefh light Earth inMarch;
and when the Plants are come up,
they fhould be tranfplanted; fome
‘ of which fhould be planted in Pots
filled with the fame frefh Earth, that
they may be removed under Shelter
in Winter : for it often happens, in
fevere Winters, that thofe Plants
which are placed in the open Air
are deftroyed; for which Reafon it
.is advifeable to have fome of the
Plants in Shelter to fecure theKind.

The other Plants may be planted
in a Nurfery-bed, as was directed
for the former Kinds, where they
may remain until Aiichaelmas ; at
which time they fhould be tranf-
_ planted into warm Borders, and in
a light dry Soil ; where they will
endure the Cold of our ordinary
Winters very well, and flower very
ftrong the fucceeding Summer. This
Plant commonly grows three Feet
high, and is apt to branch out pret-
ty much: therefore fliould be fup-
ported by Stakes, otherwife the
Wind often breaks down the Flow-
er-ftems before the Seeds are per-
fected.

The eighteenth Sort is alfo ten-
der : this may be propagated byfow-
ing the Seeds in the fame manner as
the former; and when the Plants
come up, fome of them fhould be
planted into Pots filled with light
frefh undung’d Earth, that they may
be fhelter’d in Winter ; and the reft
‘planted into a Nurfery-bed, which
fhouid be prepared of freth light
Barth that has not been dung’d ; for
Moifture and- Richnefs in the Soil
wijl defiroy them. In this Place
they may remain till Michaelmas,
then they fhould be removed into

+

Lay

very warm Borders ; and if they are
placed quiteclofe to the Wall, where
it is commonly very dry, they will
fucceed the better ; asalfo planted
ona dry rubbilhy Soil ; for the
Leaves of this Plant are very thie'<
and fucculent, as are al! the Stems,
fo that it is as impatient of Wet as
the Sedum or Houfeleek ; and I do
not certainly know whether this .
Plant would not bear a greater Share ©
of Cold, if it was planted upon an
old Wall or Building, where it
might be always dry, and not have
too much Nourifhment from the
Ground. ‘The following Summer
this Piant will produce its Flowers
(which, though they are not very
beautiful, yet, for the Oddnefs of the
Plant, it may have a Place ina good |
Garden), and the Seeds generally
ripen in Auguff: it may allo be pro-
pagated by planting Cuttings in
any of the Summer-months, which
will take Root, and may be after-
wards managed as the Seedling-
plants. (ave

The myrtle-leav’d fhrubby Cam-
pion may be propagated by Seeds,
as the former ; or increafed by
planting Cuttings in any of the Sum-
mer-months, which will foon after
take Root, and become ftrong
Plants ; fome of which fhould be
planted in Pots, that they may be

fhelter’d in Winter, for fear of being

loft ; though they will endure the
Cold of our Climate very well, if
planted on a dry Soil. ‘There is no
great Beauty in this Plant; butit is
preferved for Variety -fake in feveral
curious Gardens.

The twenty-feventh and twenty-
eighth Sorts are abiding Plants, and
may be propagated either by Seeds,
or parting their Roots, in the man-
ner which has been directed for the
Rofe Campion, and other Sorts be-
fore-mentioned : they are very

hardy,

L¥

hardy, and will grow upon almoft
any Soil or Situation : they produce
their Flowers in fume and July, aud
their Seeds ripen foon after.

The other Sorts are all of them
annual Plants, which may be eafily
propagated by fowing their Seeds
either in March or Augu/t, when the
Plants will foon come up, and may
be tranfplanted, while young, into
the Places where they are defign’d
to remain; or the Seeds may be
{catter’d in Patches upon the large
Borders of the Fiower-garden ; and
when the Plants are come up, they
may be thinn’d, leaving fome of the
ftrongeft to flower in the fame Places;
and the otherPlants may be removed
into other Parts of the Garden.

Thofe Plants which come up in
Autumn will be much larger, and
flower earlier and ftronger, than
thofe fown in the Spring, and will
produce good Seeds ; whereas it
fometimes happens in bad Seafons,
_ that thofe fown in the Spring often
decay, before their Seeds are per-
fected ; though it isa good Method
to fow at both Seafons ; becaufe here-
by there will be aSuccefion ofFlow-
ers, and twoChances for good Seeds.

The Dwarf Lychnis has been by
fome recommended to be fown for
Edgings in large Gardens ; but I
think it by no means proper for
that Purpofe ; far when the Plants
grow very clofe together, they draw
up weak, fo that in hard Rains they
are beaten down flat to the Ground,
and the Flowers feldom continue
long in Beauty ; fo that it does not
afford any Pleafure above a Fort-
night or three Weeks at molt, after
which it appears very unfightly ; ; for
when it is in Seed, the Weight of
that forces it down upon the Ground;
but when the Plants grow fingly,
they will be much larger and ftrong-
er, and continue longer in Flower.

LY

The two Sorts of Lobel's Catch- —
fly have been jong cultivatedinGare
dens, and the Seeds are commonly
fold at the Seed-fhops in Lozdon:
thefe grow upright to the Height
of fixteen or eighteen Inches (if
fown in the Autumn; but thofe
which are fown in the Spring feldom —
grow fo large) : they produce pretty
‘Tufts of Flowers upon the Tops of
the Branches in form of an Umbel, _
which continue a long time in Per-
fection, and are pretty Ornaments
in a large Garden.

The twenty-fecond Sort fpreads
upon the Ground, and therefore
mutt be allowed more room than the
former : thefe Plants fhould be plant-
‘ed two Feet afunder, otherwife they
will run into each other (efpecially
fuch as are fown in the Autumn) ;
fo that in wet Weather they are fub- |
ject to rot and decay. This produces
a great Number of beautiful red
Flowers, which make a very agree-
able Appearance during their Sea-
fon of Flowering.

There are a great Number of
Sorts more than I have here men-
tion’d, which are preferv’d in cu-
rious Botanic Gardens for Variety-

fake; but as moft of them are Plants

of little Beauty, I think it neediefs
to enumerate them in this Place, fince -
thofe here mentioned are the beft ©

worth propagating in a Flower-
arden.

LYCIUM, Box-thorn,, vulge.

The Charaéers are ;

The Flower is funnel-/oaped, bav-
ing an incuryed Tube, which is
Spread open at the Top, where it is
Jightly cut into five Parts: in the
Centre of the Flower is fituated the.
Pointal; attended by five feort Sta-
mina, cach Jupporting an ere@ Sum-
mit: the Pointal afterwerd becomes
around Berry, divided into three Cells

filled with kidney-fbaped Seeds. |

Sis
The Species ares;

1. Lycium foltis ex lanceolato
obverfe ovatis. Lin. Box-thortn, or
Battard Jafmine with oblong Leaves,
and a white Bark.

2. Lycium foliis linearibus. Lin.
Hort, Cliff. Box-thorn, or Baftard
jafmine, with Rofmary-leaves.

3. Lycium aculeatum humitle, fo-
liis lincaribus, fru@u croceo majore.
Dwarf prickly Box-thorn, or Baftard
Jafmine, with narrow Leaves.

The firit Sort grows wild in the

- South of France, in Spain and Italy,

where it rifes with many irregular
Stems, to the Height of twelve or
fourteen Feet; fending out many
long rambling Branches without
Order, fo as to form Thickets tn
the fame manner as the Black-thorn
or Sloe does in Exgland. This Sort

~ hath been ufually preferved in Green-

houfes in this Country ; but of Jate

‘it has been planted in the open Air,

and is found to be hardy enough to
refift the Cold of our ordinary Win-
ters in the open Air, being rarely
injured but by fevere Froit ; and if

the Branches are killed, the Roots

will put out frefh the following
Summer. There is little Beauty in
this Shrub; fo it is chiefly preferved
for the fake of Variety : it may be

propegeies by laying down the

ranches, which in one Year will!

take Root; or, if Cuttings are planted

in the Spring, on a fhady Border,
they will foon take Root, fo that it
may be propagated with Eafe.

The fecond Sort is fuppofed to be

a Native of. 4frica; but has beea

found growing wild in the King-
dom of Valencia in Spain + this is al-

. fo preferved in Green-houfes, being

fomewhat tenderer than the former

‘Sort; yet in wild Winters it has re-
- mained abroad, in warm fituations,
without Injury.
to the Height of fourteen or fixteen

This Sort grows

%

Feet, having flender crookedBranch-
es, which are armed with ftrong
Thorns, .and garnifhed with narrow
Leaves coming out in Clufters;
which abide green throughout the
Year: the Flowers are produced the
whole Length of the Branches at
every Joint, on long flender Foot-
ftalks, being crooked, and in Shape
of an Horn: thefe are of a dark-
purple Colour, and are fucceeded
by Berries, which, when ripe, are
of a faint yellow Colour.

It may be propagated by Cuttings,
Layers, or from Seeds, which are
often ripened well in England, efpe-
cially if the Plants are houfed in
Winter; for the Fruit is feldom
ripe, until late in Autumn; fo that
the Froft often deftroys thofe which
are expofed in the open Air. As —
this Sort produces its Flowers for
feveral Mouths fucceflively in Sum-
mer, it may merit a Place in thofe
Gardens, where Perfons are Lovers
of Variety.

The third Sort is much like the
fecond to Appearance ; but it is of
humbler Growth, feldom rifing more
than feven or eight Feet high: the
Leaves are broader, the Flowers
larger, as are the Berries alfo, which
are of a Saffron-colour when ripe:
this is hardier than either of the for-
mer Sorts, and will thrive very well
in the open Air in Exgland, if it is
planted ina warm Situation : it may
be propagated in the fame manner
as the other Sorts.

LYCOPERSICON, Love-apples,
Wolf’s-peach, or 'Tomatas. re

The Charaders are; 7

It hath a Flower confifting of one
Leaf, which expands in a circular
Order, as doth that of the Night-
foade : the Style afterward becomes a_
roundifb foft flefey Fruit which is di-
wided into feveral Cells, vsberein are
contain’d many flat Seeds.

The

F

- Yellow Love-apple.

|
|
1

|

The Species Sti

1. Lycopersicon Galent. Ang.

2. Lycopersicon Galent, frudu
rubro. Bocrh. Ind. Love-apple with a
red Fruit.

3. Lycopersicon frudu cercf
rubro. Tourn. Love-apple with a red
cherry-fhaped Fruit.

4. Lycopersicon fru&u ceraft
duteo. Tourn. Love-apple with a yel-
low cherry-fhaped Fruit.

5. Lycopersicon frudu ftriato
duro. Tourn. Love-apple with an
hard chanell’d Fruit.

6. Lycopersicon frufu rubro
non ftriato. Inft. R. H. Love-apple
with a {mooth red Fruit.

7. Lycopersicon fru@u albo,
inft. R, H. Love-apple with a white
Fruit.

8. Lycopersicon. Americanum
arborefeens, ampliffimis foliis angu-
latis. Plum. Cat. American tree-like
Love-apple, with large angular
Leaves.

g. Lycopersicon radice tubero-
fa, efeulentum. ‘The Potato, or In-
dian Batatas.

There are fome other Varieties of
thefe Plants in the Gardens of Jtaly
and Spain ; but thofe here mention’d
are all the Sorts I have obferv’d in the
Englifh Gardens.

The feven firft Sorts are propa-
gated by fowing their Seeds on a
moderate Hot-bed in March; and
when come up, they should be tranf-
planted into another moderate Hot-
bed, at about three Inches Diftance
from each other, obferving to fhade
them until they have taken Root ;
after which they maft have frequent
Waterings, and a large Share of
frefh Air; for if they are too much
drawn while young, they feldom
‘do well afterward.

In Mey thefe Plants fhould be

tranfplanted either into Pots fill’d

LY

rich light Earth, or into the Bor-
ders of the Flower-garden, obferv-
ing to water and fhade them until
they have taken Root; and as the
Branches are extended, they fhould
be fupported with Sticks; otherwife,
when the Fruit begins to grow large,
it will prefs them down, and break
them.

Thofe Plants which are placed in
Pots, fhould be often water’d, other-
wife they will come to little (for
they are very thirfty Plants) ;
but when they are planted in a rich.
moiit Soil, they will grow to a pro-
digious Size, and produce large
Quantities of Fruit; which in Au-
tumn, when they are ripe, make an
odd Figure; but the Plants emit fo
trong an Effuvium, as renders them
unfit to ftand near an Habitation,
or any Place that is much frequent-
ed; for upon their being brufh’d by
the Cloazths, they fend forth a very
{trong difagreeable Scent.

The Jtahans and Spaniards eat
thefe Apples, as we do Cucumbers,
with Pepper, Oil, and Salt; and
fome eat them ftew'd in Sawees, &-.
and in Soups they are now much
ufed in Exgland, efpecially the fe-
cond Sort, which is preferr’d to all
the other. This Fruit gives an agree-
able Acid to the Soup ; though there
are fome Perfons who think them
not wholfome, from their great
Moifture and Coldnefs, and that the
Nourifhment they afford muft be
bad. They are call’d by the Portz-
guefe and Spaniards Tomatoes. The —
firft of thefe Plants is the Sort di-
reCted for medicinal Ufe by the
College in their Difpenfatory.

The eighth Sort will rifeto the —

Height of fix or eight Feet, and be-
come woody. This Sort is propaga-
ted by Seeds, which fhould be fown
on an Hot-bed in the Spring ;
and when the Plants are come up
Fff4 3 about |

LY

about two Inches high, they muft
be tranfplanted into a moderate Hot-
bed, obferving to water and fhade
them until they have taken new Root;
after which they fhould have a large
Share of free Air in warm Weather
to prevent their drawing up weak.
When the Plants have obtain’d a
good Share of Strength, they fhould
be carefully taken up with Earth
to their Roots, and planted into Pots
filled with light rich Earth, and
placed ina fhady Situation until they
have taken Root; when they may
be removed into a warm Situation,
where they may remain abroad in
the open Air until the Middle or
End of September; when they mutt
be removed into the Confervatory,
and placed where they may have a

moderate Share of Warmth in cold

Weather ; by which Method the
Plants may be preferv’d through the
Winter, andthe following Summer
they wil! produce Fruit.

The ninth Sort is the common
Potato, of which there are two Va-
rieties ; one having a red Root, and
a purple Flower; and the other a
white Root, and a white Flower:
but as thefe are accidental Varieties,
JT fhal! not make them different.

The common Name of Potato
feems to be cnly a Corruption of the
Indian Name Batatas. This Plant

has been much propagated in Eng- ,

Zand within thirty Years paft; for
a'though it was introduced from
America about the Year 1623. yet
it was buat little cultivated. till of
late; thefe Roots being defpifed by
the Rich, and deemed only proper
Food for the meaner Sort of Perfons;
however, they are now efleemed by

mofi People ; and the Quantity of

them which are cultivated near
London, I believe, exceeds that of any
other Part of Europe.

This Plant was always ranged in
he Genus of Solanum, or Night-

adlly agrees with the Characters of 4

‘that Method would be more aligied

LY

fhade, and is now brovght under
that Title by Dr, Linnaeus; but as
Lycoperficon has been eftablith’d as 2a
dittin@ Genus, on account of the |
Fruit: being divided into feveral —
Cells, by intermediate Partitions,
and as the Fruit of this Plant ex-

the other, Species of this Genus, I
have inferted it here. :

This Plant is always propagated i
by its Roots; for it rarely perfects
Seeds in England; and if it did, |

and uncertain; and as the Roots
greatly multiply, if planted in a
proper Soil, there can be no Occa-
fion for trying any other Method of
Culture. The common Way is,
either to plant the fmall Roots or
Of-fets intire, or to cut the larger
Roots into-Pieces; preferving a Bud
or Eye to each: but neither of thefe
Methods is what I would recom-
mend; for when the fmaller Off-
fets are planted, they generally pro-
duce a greater Number of Roots ;
but thefe are always {mall ; and the)
Cuttings of the larger Roots are
aptto rot, efpecially if wet Weather
happens foon after they are plant.
ed : therefore what I would recom-
mend is, to make choice of the fair-
eft Roots for this Purpofe, and to
allow them a larger Space of Ground,
both between the Rows, as alfo in
the Rows, Plant from Plant; by © |
which Method, I have obferved, the
Roots have been in general aslo. ‘id
the follow1, ng Autumn. f
The Soil” in which this Plant.
thrives beft, is alight fandy Loam, ©
not teo dry, or over-moift: this 7
Ground fhould be well plowed two
or three times, in order to break and
divide the Parts; and the deeper it~
is Plowed, the better the Roots will
thrive, In the Spring, juft before the 4 ;

laft Plowing, there fhould be a good
Quantity ofr rotten Dung fpread role
rag

a ng gc i cia aa aac min aS lied Geiap CaN MG I I ae

Boe

the Ground, which fhould be plow-
ed in the Beginning of March, if
the Seafon proves mild, otherwife it
had better be deferr’d until the Mid-
dle or Latter-end of that Month ;
for if it fhould prove hard Froft af-
ter the Roots are planted, they may
be greatly injured, if not deftroyed,
thereby : but the fooner they are
planted in the Spring, after the
Danger of Froft is over, the better
‘it will be, efpecially in dry Land.
In the laft Plowing, the Ground
fhould be laid even, and then the
Furrows fhould be drawn at three
Feet Diftance from each other, and
about feven or eight Inches deep.
In the Bottom of this Furrow the
Roots fhould be Jaid, at about one
Foot and an half afunder ; then the
Furrow fhou!d be covered in. with
the Earth, and the fame continued
through the whole Field, or Parcel
of Land, intended to be planted.
After all is finifh’d, the Land may
remain in the fame State till near
the time when the Shoots are expect-
ed to appear above-ground ; when
the Ground fhould be well harrow-
ed over both Ways; which will
break the Clods, and make the Sur-
face very {mooth; and by doing of
it fo late, it will deftroy the young
eeds, which, by this time, will
begin to make their Appearance;
and this will fave the Expence of
Bilocing, as alfo break the upper
Surface of the Ground; which, if
much Wet has fallen after the Plant-
ng, is often bound into an hard
raft, and will retard the Appear-
ince of the Shoots. .

As I have allotted the Rows of
otatoes at three Feet Diftance, it

ie?

reatly improve thefe Roots; for by
vice ftirring and breaking of the
round between thefe Plants, it

.

yas in order to introduce the Hoe-
lough between them, which will:

oY
will not only deftroy the Weeds,
but alfo loofen the Ground ; where-
by every Shower of Rain will pene-
trate the Ground to the Roots, and
greatly improve their Growth: but
thefe Operations fhould be perform-
ed early in the Seafon, before the
Stems or Branches of the Plants
begin to fall, and trail upon the
Ground ; becaufe, after that, it will
be impofible to do it without in-
jaring of the Shoots. .

If thefe Plowings are carefully ~
performed, it will prevent the
Growth of Weeds, till the Haulm
of the Plants cover the Ground; fo
that afterward there will be little
Danger of Weeds growing fo as to
injure the Crop: but as the Plough
can only go between the Rows, it
will be neceflary to make ufe of an
Hoe to ftir the Ground, and deftroy
the Weeds in the Rows' between the
Plants: and if this is carefully per-
form’d in dry Weather, after the
two Plowings, it will be fufficient
to keep the Ground clean until the
Potatoes are fit to take up.

In Places where Dung is fcarce,
many Perions fcatter it only in the
Furrows, where the Roots are plant-
ed; but this is a very poor Method ;
becaufe, when the Potatoes begin to
puth out their Roots, they are foon
extended beyond the Width of thefe
Furrows, and the new Roots are
commonly formed at a Diftance from
the old; fo will be out of the Reach
of this Dung, and confequently will
receive little Benefit from it. And
as moft of the Farmers covet to have
a Crop of Wheat after the Potatoes
are taken off the Ground, fo the
Land will not be fo thoroughly
dreffed in every Part, nor fo proper
for this Crop, as when the Dung is
equally fpread, and plowed in, all
over the Land; nor will the Crop
of Potatoes be fo good. I have al-

ways

RT AS 9 See

LY

ways obferved, where this Method
of-planting the Potatoes has been
practifed, the Land has produced a
fine Crop of Wheat afterward, and
there has fcarce one Shoot of the
Potato appeared among the Wheat ;
which I attribute to the Farmers
planting only the largeft Roots ; for
when they have forked them out of
the Ground the following Autumn,
there have been fix, eight, or ten
large Roots produced from each,
and often many more, and {carce
any very {mall Roots; whereas, in
fuch Places where the {mall Roots
have been planted, there has been a
vait Number of very fmall Roots.
produced; many of which were fo
fmall, as not to be difcovered when
the Roots were taken up; fo have
grown the following Seafon, and
have greatly injured whatever Crop
was on the Ground,

The Haulm of thefe Potatoes is
generally killed by the firft Froft in
the Autumn ; when the Roots fhould

be taken up foon after, and may be

Jaid up in Sand in any fhelter’d
Place, where they may be kept dry,
and fecure from Froft. Indeed the
People who cultivate thefe Roots
near Loudon, do not wait for the de-
caying of the Haulm, but begin to
take up Part of them as foon as their
Roots are grown to a proper Size

for the Market; and fo keep taking

up from time to time, as they have
Vent for them. There are others
likewife, who do not take them up
fo foon as the Haulm decays, but
Jet them remain much longer in the

_ Ground: in which there is no Hurt

done, provided they are taken up
before hard Froft fets in, which
would deilroy them, unlefs where
the Ground is wanted for other
Crops ; in which Cafe, the fooner
they are taken up, the better, after
the EHlaulm is decayed. When thefe

ta, falicis folio, flore albo. Inf. R.A 4

common by Ditch-fides in many

Bi
L:¥. a
Roots are laid up, they fhould have
a good Quantity of Sand, or dry
Earth, laid between them, to pres |
vent their heating ; nor fhould they
be Jaid in too large Heaps, for the
fame Reafon. a
LYCOPUS, Water-horehound. |
This Plant grows in great Plenty.
on moitt Soils by the Sides of Ditch- |
es, in moft Parts of England; but.
is never cultivated in Gardens ; fo
that it would be needlefs to fay an: 7
thing more of it in this Place. |

5

i

LYSIMACHIA, Loofe-ftrife.
The Chara@ers are; Bik
The Leaves(which are intire and |
oblong) are produced fometimes by
Pairs, or three or four at each Foimt
of the Stalk: the Flower confifts of \
one Leaf, which expands ina circular |
Order, and is cut into feveral Sega
ments at the Top: the Fruit is globu=
lar, and opens at the Top, inclofing
many Seeds fixed to the Placenta.
he Species are; ot
1. Lysimacuia Jutea major
Diofcoridis. C. B. P,. Common yele
low Loofe-firife or Willow-herb.
2. Lysimacuia lutea major, qua
Diofccridis, Soliis quaternis. C, B. Po
Greater yellow Loofe-firife or Wil-
low-herb, with four Leaves at each }
Joint. oa
_ 3. Lysimacuia bifolia, fore ly t
teo globofo.C. B.P. Loofe-ftrife wit
two Leaves growing at each Joint
and yellow Flowers growing ii
round Heads. a
4. Lysimacuta Orientalis an
guflifolia, flore purpurea. T. Cony
Narrow-leav’d Eaftern Loofe-ftrife”
with a purple Flower,
5. Lysimachia Hifpanica fpita

Spanifh -Loofe-ftrife, with white!
Flowers growing in Spikes. m |
The firft of thefe Plants is prett

Parts of England, and is feldom cul- ©

oe 3

vated in Gardens, though it is not
ery defpicable Plant ; for it pro-
aces large Tufts of fine yellow
lowers in Fu/y: for which Reafon.
may be admitted into a cold wet
ut of the Garden, where few
ers will thrive; whereby many
Spot of Ground may be render’d
reeable, which often produces lit-
| but grofs Weeds. This Plant
py betaken up in the Autumn,
m the native Places of its Growth,
d tranfplanted where you intend
fhould grow; it will foon in-
vafe, by its creeping Roots, to
t Quantity you pleafe ; for it is
) apt to ramble in a Garden. This
is order’d in the College Dif-
nfatory for medicinal Ufe. ~
he fecond Sort is not a Native
our Country; bet when tranf-
wnted hither, thrives equally with
» former. This loves a moift rich
1; and for Variety may be ad-
red into a Garden.
1 he third Sort is found in the
th of England in great Plenty.
is Plant is not very proper for a
rden; for the Roots fpreading
y far under-ground, will over-
whatever Plants ftand near it;
are the Flowers of any Beauty.
[he fourth Sort is a biennial
t, which producés fine Spikes
mall purple Flowers in Fane,
the Seeds are ripe in Augu/.
Phis Plant may be propagated by
ing the Seeds, foon after they are
(for if they are kept until the
ng, they feldom grow), upona
m Border of light Earth; and
n the Plants are come up, they

¢ they fhould remain to flower 3
is a Plant that does not care to
Te remoy'd, | ah

MA

The fifth Sort is an abiding
Plant, which may be propagated by
parting its Roots. The beit Seafon
for this Work is at Michaelmas,
when the Leaves begin to decay.
It fhould be planted in a moift Soil,
and a fhady Situation, or muft be
often water’d, otherwife it will not
produce large Spikes of Flowers.
It may alfo be propagated by fow-
ing the Seeds in the fame manner as
the former: but thofe Plants which
rife fromSeeds feldom flower until the
fecond Year; whereas thofe propa-
gated from Off-fets will flower the
fucceeding Year. Thefe produce
their Flowers in Fu/y; and their
Seeds ripen in September.

LYSIMACHIA GALERICU-
LATA. Vide Scutellaria.

LYSIMACHIA NON PAPPO-
SA. Vide Onagra.

LYSIMACHIA SILIQUOSA,
Vide Epilobium.

Sass IO BIO GIO GIS OK

MA

" ACALEB. Vide Cerafus.
MADDER. Vide Rubia
‘Tinctorum.

MAGNOLIA, The laurel-leav’d
Tulip-tree, vzlgo.

Although I have continued this
Title to the Genus, yet I am far
from thinking the Plants here men-
tion’d to be of the fame Genus with
that which Father Pluier has given

are but few in Number, and thofe
are lodged within the Fruit ; where-
as the Seeds of thefe are many, and
are each lodged ina feparate Ceil
on the Outfide of the Fruit; and,

when

Sie tranfplanted into a Border» this Title to: for the Seeds of his -
trong Earth, where they may
: the morning Sun; in which

x

- ~ eee eee

ee eee eee eee on

MA

when ripe, hang down by a flender
Thread. ;
The Chara@ers are;

The Flower hath no Empalement,
But is compofed of an uncertain Num-
ber of Petals, which expand in a cir-
cular Order; and greatly refembles
the Flower of the Water-lily ; having
a great Number of Stamina ch/ely
embracing tbe conical Pointal, which
zs fituatcd in the Centre of the Flaw-
er: the Pointal afterward becomes a
conical Fruit, having many fcaly Pro-
éuberances, each being a Cell inclu-
ding a large flatti{h Seed, which, when
vipe, fall out, and are fufpended by
Threads.

The Speezes are 5

. Macnowia dauri folio fubtus
pes Catefo, The lefier laurel-
leav’d T ulip-tree, or {weet-flower-
ing Bay.

2. Macnouta altifima, lauroce-
vafi folio ampliffimo, flore ingenti
candida. Catefo. Hiff. Nat. Car.
Commonly call’d the lavrel-leav’d
Tulip-tree, or Carolina Laurel,

3. Macnoura frore albo, folio
snajore acuminato haud albicante.
Catef>. Hi?. Magnolia with a large-
pointed Leaf, and a white F lower.

4. Macnouia ampliffimo fore al-
bo, fruciu coccineo, Catcfo. Hi ft. Fel.
z. p.80. The Umbrella-tree.

The firft Sort grows pretty com-
moan in Virginia and Carolina, and

‘is found in moift Places, near Brooks:

this ufually grows about fifteen or
fixteen Feet high, with a flender
Stem. The Wood is white and {pon-
gy; the Bark is {mooth and white;

the Branches are garnifhed with

thick {mooth Leaves, refembling
thofe of the Bay; but are of an oval
Shape, and fmooth on their Edges -

thee are white underneath. ‘The
Flowers are produced in Mzy, at the
Extremity of the Branches, which
are na and compofed of fix Pe-

femble thofe of the common La

MA a
tals, which are concave; thefe hay vi
an agreeable {weet Scent. After th fi
are pait, the Fruit increafes in Siz
to be as large asa Walnut with it}
Cover ; but of a conical Shape, hav.
ing many Cells round the Outfid i:
in each of which is lodged a f
Seed, about the Size of a Kidney.
bean. This Fruit is at firft green,
afterward red, and, when ripe, ofa
brown Coldur. The Seeds, when.
ripe, are difcharged from their Cells,§
and hang by aflender Thread. 9
In the natural Places of |
Growth, there is a Succeffion of th
Flowers on the Trees, for t
Months ; during which time th
Woods are perfumed with them;
but all thofe Trees which have |
duced Flowers in England, feldom
have more than twelve or fourtee 4
Flowers upon each, which are of
fhort Duration, and are not fucceed- }
ed by others: the Leaves of this |
Sart fall off in Winter, ‘p
When thefe Trees are tranf plant-
ed from the Places of their Growt 7
into dry Ground, they make hand.
fomer Trees, and produce a Sreater f
Number of "Flowers: this is to b
underftood of America ; for in Eg
rope they do nat thrive fo well in. a
dry Soil, as in a moift loamy Lane
The greateft Number of thefe Tree
which are now growing in England
are at his Grace the Duke of Rich-
mona’s, at Goodwood in Suffex.
The fecond Sort grows in Floriday
and Sourh-Carolina, where it rifes to”
the Height of eighty Feet or more,
witha ftrait Trunk upward of two)}
Feet Diameter, having a regular

Riot
Head: the Leaves of this Tree : 4 ‘|

rel; but-are much larger, and
of a Shining-green on their Upps
fide, and of a Roffet or Buff.colow
on their Under fide: thefe fae
continue all the Year; fo that i

i

we CMA

ts one of the moft beautiful ever-
green Trees yet known. Thefe Trees
in their native Places of Growth be-
gin to produce their Flowers in May,
and continue a long time in Flow-
er; fo that the Woods are perfumed
With their Odour for a long time:
bat thofe which have flowered in

dle of June, and do not continue
ong in Beauty. The largeft Tree
of this Kind, which I have met with
n England, is in the Garden of Sir
John Colliten, of Exmouthin Devon-
ire; which has produced Flowers

ay pretty Jarge Plants of this Sort in
he Gardens of his Grace the Duke
of Richmond, at Goodrwocd in Suffix,
yne of which has produced Flow-
rs the two laft Years: and in the
urfery of Mr. Chriflopher Gray,
ear Fulham, there is one very hand-
ome Plant, which has alfo produ-
ed Flowers. :

| As this Sort isa Native of a warm
Country, fo it isa little impatient
f Cold, efpecially while young ;
herefore the Plants fhould be kept
m Pots, and fheltered in Winter for
ome Years, until they have acqui-
ed Strength; when they may be
haken out of the Pots, and planted
n the full Ground; but they muft
planted in a warm Situation,
here they may be defended from
e ftrong Winds, and icreened from
e North and Eait, otherwife they
vill not live abroad.

There were a great Number of
oung Plants in Exg/and before the
fear 1739; but.a great Part of

inter ; and fince then, there have
en few good Seeds fent to Exg-
pnd; fo that there are very few of
hefe to be purchafed at prefent ;
nd as almoit every Perfon who is
rious in Gardening is defirous to

tngland, feldom begin till the Mid-

or feveral Years: there are alfo ma-

em were deftroyed by that fevere |

. MA

have fome of thefe beautiful Trees
in their Gardens, fo the Demand
for them of late has greatly increaf-
ed their Value. If this Tree can be
fo far naturalized as to endure the
Cold of our fevere Winters abroad,
it will.be one of the greateft Orna-
ments to ourGGardens: ard this we
may hope will in time be effected,
by diligent Obfervation and Care :
for the time when thefe Plants fuf-
fer moft, is in Autumn, by the ear-
ly Frofts; for’ the Extremity of the
Shoots being tender, as they are
then growing freely, a fmall Frott
will pinch them, and afterward the
whole Shoot frequently decays; fo
that the Plants fhould be guarded
againft this, by covering their Tops
with Mats, until the Shoots are
hardened: after which time they
will not be in fo much Danger of
fuffering ; for I have conftantiy ob-
ferved, that if thefe Plants efcape
the early Frofts of the Autumn, they
are feldom injured afterward: in
the fevere Winter, in the Year
1739-40. I had a pretty large Plant
growing in the open Air, which
was killed down by the Froft, and I
{uppofed was: intirely deftroyed, as
there was not the leaft Appearance
of Life in the Stem; fo that after
Midfummer 1 cut it down to the
Ground ; but left the Root remain-
ing, which, to my great Surprize,
fhot up again the Year after. This
I mention to caution People from
being too hafty in deftroying Plants
after hard Froit, but to have them
wait until there can be no Hopes of
their Recovery..

The fourth Sort grows in Gurol#-
na@ pretty frequent ; but in / weinia
it is pretty rare: this ufually grows

from fixteen to twenty Feet high,

with a flender Trunk: the Wocd
is foft and {fpongy : the Leaves of

this Tree are remarkably large, and

are

ee Pa

MA

are produced in horizontal Circles,
fomewhat refembling an Umbrella ;

from whence the Inhabitants of
.thofe Countries have given it this

Name. The Flowers are compofed
of ten or eleven white Petals, which
hang down without any Order: the
Fruit is very like that of the former
Sort: the Leaves of this Sort drop
off at the Beginning of Winter.
This Tree is as yet very rare in
Europe; but as it is propagated
from Seeds, we may hope to have
it in greater Plenty foon, if we can

obtain good Seeds from Caro/ina ;

for it is rarely met with in Virginia.
The third Sort is alfo very rare in
England: there are but few of the
Plants at prefent here; nor is it very
common in any of the habitable
Parts of America: fome of thefe
Trees have been difcovered by Mr.
Fobn Bartram, growing on the North
Branch of Su/guehannah River: the
Leaves of this Tree are near eight
Inches long, and five broad, ending
in a Point; the Flowers come out
early in the Spring, which are com-
pofed of twelve white Petals, and
are fhaped like thofe of the fecond
Sort : the Fruit of this Tree is longer
than thofe of the other Species ;
but in other refpects agrees with
them
All thefe Sorts are propagated. by

' Seeds, which muf be procured

from the Places of their natural
Growth : thefe fhould be put up in
Sand, and fent over to Exgland, as
foon as poflible : for if they are kept
long out’ of the Ground, they very
rarely grow; therefore the Seeds
fhould be fown as foon as poflible,
when they arrive here.

Some Years paft I received a good
Quantity of thefe Seeds from Caro-
lina, which I fowed in Pots as foon
as I received them, and plunged
the Pots into a moderate Hot-bed ;

beit to defer this till the Month c

M ‘A o
and with this Management I raife
a great Number of Plants: but fror
the Seeds which have been latel
brought over, there have been br
few Plants produced: whether th
Seeds were not perfeétly ripe whe
they were gathered, or from wha
other Caufe this has happened, |
can’t fay ; but it is certain the Faul
muft be in the Seeds, becaufe the
were differently fown and manager
by the feveral Perfons who receive:
them; and the Succefs was nearh
alike every-where. *

There have been feveral Plant
of the firft and fecond Sorts raifec
from Layers : but thefe do not thriw
fo weil as thofe which come from
Seeds, nor will they grow to yea)
the Size of thofe; fo that it is
the beft way to procure their Seedj
from America, and propagate them
that way: when the Plants are ob»
tainéd, there is little Difficulty im
their Culture, more than that of
obferving- to remove them early
under Shelter, if there is any Ape
pearance of Froft;: and to fuppl
the Plants duly with Water in the
Summer.feafon: in Winter they
fhould have as much free Air a
poflible, in mildW eather, and be only
{creened from hard Frott. Yi

Tf the Plants make good Progre
they will be ftrong enough to pla
in the fall Ground in about fix”
feven Years. The time for remove®
ing or fhifting thefe Plants ism
March, before they begin to fhoots
which may fometimes happen to be
too foon to turn them out of the Pots”
into the full Ground, efpecially if
the Seafon proves late: bat as then
will be no Danger in removing them ~
out of the Pots, the Ball of Earth be-
ing pre(erved to their Roots ; foit

April: but it will be neceflary t0
harden thofe Plants which are in-

eae ae
MA

inde to be planted out, by ex-
‘them to the Air as. much as
ble; for this will keep the
nts backward, and prevent their
ooting ; for if they make Shoots in
‘the Green-houfe, thofe will be too
tender to bear the Sun, until they
are by degrees hardened to it; and
the leait Froft will greatly pinch
them ; and fuch often happen very
late in the Spring.

The two or three Winters after
thefe are planted out, it will be ne-
ceffary to lay fome Mulch on the
Surface of the Ground about their
Roots, as alfo to throw fome Mats
over their Heads, efpecially at the
Beginning of the morning Frofts in
Autumn, for the Reafons before
given: but they fhould never be too
clofely covered up, leit the Shoots
\fhould grow mouldy ; for that will
Certainly kill the leading Buds of
vevery Shoot, and prove to the full
jas injurious to them as the Froft.
|As the Plants get Strength, fo they
will be better able to endure the
Cold of our Climate ; tho’ it will be
\proper to lay fome Mulch about
their Roots every Winter, in very
fevere Froft, as alfo to cover their
Heads and Stems.

Tt is the fecond Sort which re-
quires the moft Care, being much
@tenderer than any of the other Sorts ;
for they will endure the Cold very
well, without much Care, after they
have acquired Strength,
MAHALEB. Vide Cerafas,
MAJORANA, Marjoram.

The Chara&ers are ;

It is a verticillate Plant, whofe
lower is compofed of one Leaf: the

pnd divided into two Parts: the Bar-
pa, or Beard, is cut into three Seg-

puingucfid Flower: the Flowers are
leced inte a foort thick round Head,

Galea, or Croft, is upright, roundi/>,

ents, fo asto appear almoft like a

Pua’ aaa aa |
and come out of a fourfold Order of
Leaves, which are placed like Scales
or Plates.

The Species are;

1. Majorana walgaris. C. B. P.
Common fweet Marjoram.

2. Majorana rotundifolia fcutel-
lata exotica. H.R. Par. Round-
leav’d Exotic Marjoram, with a Leaf
gs like a Sawcer.

Majorana Cretica, origant
fulio villofa, fatureie odore, corymbrs
majoribus. aldis. Hairy Candia Mar-
joram, with an Origany-leaf, a Sa-
vory-fmell, and large round tufted
white Heads,

The firft of thefe Plants is an An-
nual, and muft be fown every Year :
the "Seeds of this are annually
brought from Mar, feilles, and other
Places in the South of France, where
it grows {pontaneoufly ; for it never
ripens Seeds in this Country. The
Seeds of this Plant fhould be fown
the Latter-end cf Marc, or the Be-
ginning of 4pri/, upon a dry warm
Spot of Ground: and when the
Plants come up, they muft be caré-
fully clear’d from Weeds, which, if
permitted to grow, will foon over-
run and defiroy them ; and in very
dry Weather the Beds fhould be of-
ten watered, which will greatly pro-
mote the Growth of them.

In June thefe Plants will be pretty
firong ; at which time you fhould
prepare fome Beds of light rich Earth,
into which you fhould tranfplanct
fuch of the Plants as require to be
drawn out, where they come up too
thick, at about four Inches Diitance
from each other, obferving to water
them, until they have taken Root;
after which they will require no far-
ther Care, but only to clear them
from Weeds;.and thefe Plants will °
grow ftrong, and produce a greater
Number of Heads, or Knots; as they
are commonly called, than thoie ,

: wich

MA

which remain’d in the Seed-beds
unremoved ; for which it is much
preferr’d to it in the Markets, where
it is called Knotted Marjoram, to
diftinguifh it from that which is not
fo. ‘Toward the Latter-end of Fuly
thefe Plants will flower, which is the
proper Seafon to pull them up for
medicinal Ufe, when they fheuld be
hung up in a fhady Place to dry.

The fecond Sort is a perennial
Plant, which is preferved by fome
curious Perfons in Pots, and placed
in the Green-houfe in Winter. This
Sort never produces Seeds with us ;
but is eafily propagated by planting
Cuttings or Slips, during any of the
Summer-months, in a Bed of rich
light Earth, obferving to water and
fhade them until they have taken
Root: at Michaelmas thefe Plants
fhould be taken up, and planted in
Pots filled with rich light Earth ;
and when they are fettled, they
fhould be removed into the Green-
houfe, placing them near to the

Windows, that they may have a

good Share of free Air when the
Weather is mild: you muft often re-
frefh them with Water; but never
give them too much at once, for
that will rot them. With this Ma-
nagement the Plants may be preferv-
ed frefh thro’ the whole Year, and
will be in a Condition to gather for

_ Nofegays any Part of the Winter,

and have as good a Scent as the
fweet Marjoram.

The third Sort was fent into Exg-
land by Sir George Wheeler from
Smyrna, where it grows in great
Plenty. This Plant rifes to the
Height of two or three Feet, and be-
comes woody, but never produces
any Seeds with us; tho’ it is eafily
propagated by planting Slips or
Cuttings in any of the Summer-
months, after the manner as was di-
rected for the former Sort; and mu

| ahich is lodged a fingle Seed.

MA -
be houfed in Winter, tho’ it muff _
not be kept too clofe ; for it only res __
quires to be protetted from great
Rains and Froft ; but fhould have as —
much free Air as poflible in mild |
Weather, otherwife it is fubje& to |
draw, and grow very weak. “4

MALABAR.-NUT. Vide Ad- “*
hatoda. —

MALA ZETHIOPICA.
Lycoperficon.

MALA ARMENIACA. Vides
Armeniaca. 5
MALA COTONEA. Vide cy
donia.

MALA INSANA.,
lonzgena.

MALACOIDES. Vide Malope. ;

MALLOW. Vide Malva. F

MALLOW-TRER. Vide Althea.”

MALOPE, Baftard Mallow. a

Vide Me-

The Charaders are; a

The Flower, which is Joaped like 4
that of the Mallow, hath a double |
Empalement, the outer being compofed A
of three heart-shaped Leaves, and the
inner is of one Leaf cut into five Seg- V4
ments: the Flower is of one Leaf, di- %
vided into five Parts to the Bottom, ©
where they are joined ; but it feems to ©
have five Leaves: inthe Centre arifes
the Pointal, having a great Number
of Stamina furrounding it, which are ~
joined clofely, and form a fort of Ca 4
lumn: the Pointal afterward becomes
a Fruit compofed of many Cells, which”

are colle&cd into an Head; in cach of

We have but one Sort of this”
Plant ; viz. |

Matope /foliis ovatis crenatis in
bris. Lin, Hort. Clif. Baftard Mal- ©
low with oval {mooth Leary which -
are notched. Ba

This Plant was by Dr. Tournefor r :
feparated from the Mallow, andy
made a diftinét Genus, by the Title
of Malacoides: but Dr. Linnaeus has
altered the Title to this of Malope, ©

bein -— *

45m = { Le

MA
being an Enemy to all Names which
are compounded of Oidcs. -
_ The whole Plant has greatly the
\ppearance of the Mallow ; but dif-
rs from it, in having the Cells col-
Tegted into a Button, fomewhat like
a Blackberry: the Branches fpread,
and lie flat upon the Ground, ex-
tending themfelves a Foot or more
each Way : the Flowers are produ-
ced fingly upon long Footitalks, from
| he Setting on of the Leaves, which
are in Shape and Colour like thofe of
the Mailow.
|. This is propagated by Seeds,
which fhould be {own in the Place
here they are defign’d to remain ;
or they do not tranfplant well : if
thefe Seeds are fown upon a warm

varly the following Seafon; fo that
rood Seeds may be obtained ; for
hofe which are fown in -the Spring
arely ripen Seeds the fame Year in
and thele Plants, being
rge, are often deftroyed in Win-
er; it feldom continues longer than
fo Years; fo that. young Plants
aould be annually raifed,
| MALPIGHIA, Barbados Cherry,
algo.
_ The Chara&ers are;
Mt hath a fmall quinqucfid Calyx,
yhich confifis of one Leaf having bifid
gments: the Flower confifts of frve
paves, which expand in form of a
We, having feveral Stamina colle -
[ia form of a Tube: the Ovary in
e Bottom of the Flower-cup becomes
Bglobular fisby fojt Fruit, in which
la fingle Capfule, containing three
zy xvinged Nuts: | .
|. The Speczes ares_ .
1. Marpicnia mali Punici fa-
. Plum. N.G. Malpighia with the
e of aPomgranate,coimmonly call-
in the Ve/ft-ndies Barbados Cherry,
2 V ee dh aus

M.A

2. MaPicuia folits ovato-cordae
tis feffilibus. Malpighia with oval
heart-fhaped Leaves growing clofe
to the Branches.

3. Macpicuia angufifolia, folio
Subtus fpinafo, Plum. Nov. Gen. 46,
Malpighia with a narrow Leaf,
having Spines on the Under-fide.

4.Maveicuia /atifolia, folio fub-
tus [pinofo. Plum. Now.Gen. 46. Broad-
leav’'d Malpighia, with Spines on
the Under-fide of the Leaves. :

5. Marricuia humilis, ilicis coc~
ct-glandifere foliis. Plum. Now. Gen.
46. Dwarf Ma!pighia, with Leaves.
like thofe of the Kermes Oalg,

6. Mapicutia /oliis eblongo-ova-
tis, ramis divaricatis. The clammy
Cherry.

_ The firft Sort is commonly culti--

‘ vated, in the Weft-Indies, for the

fake of its Fruit: this ufually grows
to the Height of fixteen or eighteen
Feet, having a flender Stem, co-
vered with a brown Bark: the
Leaves are produced by Pairs oppo-
fite to each other ;, which are broader
than thofe of the Pomgranate, and
are of a flronger Subftance, continu-
ing all the Year:. the Flowers are
produced in Bunches, upon pretty
long Footftalks, which come out at
the fmall Divifions of the Branches ;
thefe are compoled of five Petals,
which are’of a Rofe-colour, and are
joined at their Bafe: thefe. Flowers
are fucceeded by red Fruit, thaped
like thofe of the {mall-wild Cherry,
and of the fame Size, each having
an angular furrow’d Stone, furround+
ed by a thin. Pulp, which has aa
agreeable acid Flavour: the fruit of
this very often ripens in &agland.
The fecond Sort is of inuch hum»
bler Growth than the firit, and
branches out near-the Ground; fo
that it feldom rifes with us above

three Feet high : tac Leave. aremach
broadest »

Weg

MA
broader and fhorter than thofe of the

former, and grow very clofe to the
Branches: this Sort has not as yet

flowered in England. ;

The third: Sort is known, in the

| Wefi-Indies, by the Name of Cow-

hage Cherry, or Cow-itch Cherry :
I fuppofe this was fo called, from
thefmall Vi/i growing on the Back
of the Leaves, which, when touch-
ed, will iting, and be full as trouble-
fome to the Flefh as the Cow-itch.
This Tree will grow to the Size of
the firft Sort; the Leaves are fome-
what narrower, and end with a
fharper Point, than thofe; and are
covered on the Under-fide with {mall
Hairs, which do not appear unlefs
to thofe who fearch for them. This
Sort hath not as yet fowered in Exg-
hand.

The fourth Sort differs from the
third in having broader Leaves, and
the Flowers are fomewhat larger ;
but in other refpetts is the fame, fo
far as has appeared to me.

The fifth Sort-is a very low bufhy
Shrub, cloathed with Leaves like
thofe of the Holly: the Flowers of
this Sort I have not feen: the Seeds
were gathered by the late Dr. Wi/-
liam Houftoun, at the Havannah, and.
fent to Exgland; from which {feve-
ral Plants were raifed.

_ . >The fixth Sort grows to be a very
Jarge ‘Tree in the Places of its natu-

ral Growth, often rifing to fifty
Feet high and upward: the Leaves
of this Tree are as large as thofe of

tiie Laurel, and fhaped fomewhat .

like them, but are of a fofter Tex-
ture, and of a pale-green Colour :
thefe are placed alternately on the
Branches : the Branches of this Tree
ate produced by Threes, which form
a Triangle, and grow almoft hori-
zontal: this Sort hath not produced
Fiéwers in England; but as the
Briit agrees well with thofe ef the

M A |
other Sorts, I have placed this in the
fame Genus with them. i
We have alfo a Variety of the fir
Sort in the Englif> Gardens, which —
has much broader Leaves; and the
Flowers are larger, and of a deeper-
red Colour; but as I have not feen
the Fruit, I cannot determine whe-
ther it is a diftin& Species, or only
an accidental Variety. This and the
firft Sort are very ornamental Plants
in the Stove, during the Winter-fea-
fon; for they continue in Flower
from the middle of November till the”
middle of March ; and their Flowers —
are very numerous: the Fruit i¢”
commonly ripe in Fa/y ; but as they)
have very little Flefh over the Stones, ~
thefe Fruit are not of any Confidera-_
tion in thofe Countries where there)
are much better Fruit. “4
As thefe Flants are Natives of thé
warmett Parts of America, they wilh
not live thro’ the Winter in England,
unlefs they are preferved in a warm
Stove: but when the Plants have —
obtained Strength, they may be ex-
pofed in the open Air, in a warm
Situation, from the Middle or Lat
ter-end of Fue, till the Beginning —
of O@ober, provided the Weather —
continues fo long mild; and the ~
Plants fo treated will flower much
better than thofe which are conftant~_
ly kept in a Stove. ie
They are all propagated by Seeds,
which muft be fown upon a good
Hot-bed in the Spring; and whea —
the Plants are fit to tran{plant, they
muft be each put into a feparate —
fmall Pot filled with rich Earth, and —
planged into an Hot-bed of ‘Fan-
ners Bark; and muft be treated im
the fame manner as hath been di-
rected for other tender Plants of the. |

Winters, it will be proper to keep —
them in theBark-bed in theStove;but
afterward they may be placed t .

\

4
si MA
Stauds in the dry Stove in Winter,
Where they may be kept in a tem-
eperate Warmth, in which they will
thrive much better than in a greater,
eat : thefe muft be watered two or

three times a Week, when they are
placed in the dry Stove; but not in
large Quantities.

MALVA; Mallows.

_ The CharaGers are ;

It hath a fibrife-Root.: the Leaves
re roand, or angular: the Flower
confifrs of one Leaf, is of the expanded
bell-fbaped Kind, and cut into five
Segments almoft to the Bottom: frou
the Centre rife.a pyramidal Tabe, for
the mof? part loaded with many fmall
Threads or Filaments: from the Ccn-
tre of thé Flower-cad rifes the Pointal
| in the Tube, which becomes the Fruit,
avhich ts flat, round, and fometimes
pointed, wrapt up, for the moft part,
| within the Flower-eup, and divided
into feveral Cells fo difpofed round the
Axle, that cath little Lodge appears
| mof art iftcially jointed within the cor-
| refponding Striz oF Chanéls: the Seed
}i5, many times, paped like @ Kidney.

The Species are;

1. Matva wulgaris, flore majore,
folio finuato. F. &. Common Mal-
Tow, with a large Flower.

} 2. MaAtva fplvefirit, folio finua-
to, fore alba. Sutherl. Common
Mallow, with 2 large white Flower.
3. Marva Sinenfis ere@a; flafcn-
Wis albis minimis. China upright
Mallow,with {mall white Flowers.
4. Marva foliis crifpis.C. B. P.
he curl'd or furbelew’d Mallow.

- §. Marva caale eredo, folits aa-
b Ae te laxe veérticillatis.-
Bin. Hort. Cliff. Eaftern annual

6. Matva Orvientalis eréfior,

lore mazno fwave-ribente. T. Cor.

Upright Oriental Mallow, with a
ge beaviful red Flower. |

M A

The firft of thefe Plants is fourid
wild in moft Parts of Exgland ; but
is rarely cultivated in Gardens. This
is the Sort commonly ufed in Medi-
cine, with which the Markets are
fupplied by the Herb-folks, who
gather it in the Fields. ~~

The fecond Sort is a Variety of
the firft, from which it differs in the
Colour of the Fidwer. This is pre=
ferved by fuch as are curious in cok
leting great Varieties of Plants : but
is rarely cultivated in other Gar-
dens.

The third Sort was formerly fertt
from China as a Pot-herb, and hath
been cultivated in fome curious Gar-
dens in England; tho’ itis not likel¥
to obtain here as an efeulent Plant,
fince we havé many others which
are preferable to it fur that Purpofe:
This isan annual Plant, which will
propagate itfelf faft enough, provis
ded it be permitted to fcatter its
Seeds; which feldom fail to gfow, and
are often very troablefoni> whea
they have’ gotten Pofleffion of the
Ground..

The fourth Sort is preferved by
fome curious Perfons, for the Beauty
of its Leaves, which are naturally’
furbelow’d round their Edges. Tats
isan annual Plant; which will rife
four or five Feet high, and propagate
itfelf in the famie manner as the
former.

The fifth Sort is more rafe than
any.of the former Plants.

This Sort was diftovered by Dr,
Tournefort, in the Eiland of C2adiz #
from whence he fent the Seeds: This
is preferved in Botanic Gardens; but
will become a Weed, if fuifere? to
featter the Seeds.

The fixth Sort is an’ annual Pla 1,
which eommonly grows upright tod
the Height of three or foar Feet.
and produces great Nambers of

beautiful red Sgowers 3 waica rea

Ggg2

Sf

MA
ders it the bef worth propagating in
large Flower-gardens ; where being

- placed in the Middle of large Bor-

+

-

ie

ders, it makes a fine Appearance.
The Seeds of thefe Plants fhould

be fown in March, upon a Bed of

frefh light Earth; and when they

‘are come up four Inches high, they

fhould be tranfplantedwhere they are
defign’d to be continued, allowing

them a large Diftance ; for if they -

are planted too clofe, they do not
appear fo well: but they are beit
when intermixed with other Flowers
“of the fame Growth, where they
afford-an agreeable Variety.
_ Thefe Seeds may alfo be fown in
hu guft; and the Plants will endure
the greateft Cold of our Climate, if

- plac’d on a dry Soil, and grow lar-

ger, and flower fooner, than thofe
fown in the Spring : or if the Seeds
are permitted to fcatter, they will

- come up as the two former Sorts,
“and thrive equally as well.

There are feveral other Sorts of
Mallows, fome of which are Na-
tives of this Country: but as they
arePlants ofno great Beauty or Ufe,

it ‘is needlefs to mention them in

this-Place, ©

-MALVA ARBOREA, Vide Al-

hea:

~MALVA ROSEA, Rofe Mal-

low, or Hollyhock.
‘The Chara@ers are ;

It hath a large and more expanded

: Flewer than the Mallow, which

clofely adheres to’ the Stalk ; and, in

many Species, the Flowers are double,

ewhere the Petals occupy the Place of

the Style: it is in every refped larger

than the common Mallow ; the Leavss

are. rougher; and the Plant prin:

almoft forubby.
Dr. Linnaeus has Sac the Title

of this Genus to A’cea, and has join-

‘ed the Alcea of former Authors to
the Geaus of Maliow ; from which

e §
‘

whole Face of thefe Plants differs.

MA

he feparates this, on account of the ©
outward Empalement being divided
into fix Parts ; whereas that of the
Mallow is divided but into three
which is the only Diftinétion he
makes between; them ; but as: the -

from theMallow,and they have been’
fo long feparated from that Genus,
I fhall continue this Title of Rofe
Mallow to them.

“The Species are;

. Marva Roszga frve bortenfis,
a albo, F. B. Single white Hol-_
lyhock.
. 2.-Matva Rosea hortenfi Sy flore
fimplici rubro. H. Eyft. Single red
Holly hock. .

3. Marva Rosga, folio rotunda,
love ex rubro nigricante. C. B. P.
Hoilyhock with a _ blackifh- red
Flower. \

4. Marva Rosea, folio fubros
tundo, fiore fimplici luteo..H, R. Pare
Hollyhock with a fingle yellow
Flower.

5. Marva Rosga, folio fubro-
tundo, fiore pleno albo. C. B. P.-
Double white Hollyhock.

6. Marva Rosega hortenfis, flores
pleno rubro. H. Ey/ft.. Double red
Hollyhock.

7. Matva Rosga multiplex, flore
incarnato, H, Eyf. Hollyhock with
a double flefn colour’d Flower.

8. Matva Rosea hortenfis, fore
pleno atro-rubente. H. Eyft. Double :4
Hollyhock, with a dark-red Flow
es

. Marva Rosea, folio iro 4
sie flore pleno puniceo. C. B. a
Hollynock with a double: {carlet
Flower.

10. Marva Rosxh, fol ‘ale
tundo, flare pleno fubluteo. H. R. Par.
Hollyhock with a double yellowik
Flower. cn

11. Matva Rosea dorte 7.

maxima, Folia ficus. Inf. R. ctl

MA

Greater Garden Hoily hock, with a ©
Fig-leaf.

There are fome other Varieties
of thefe Plants, which differ in the
Colour of their Flowers; but as
they are near to one or other of
thefe Colours, and are either paler
‘or deeper, none of the Sorts yet
known being intirely different in
Colour from thofe here mentioned,
fo it would be needlefs in this Place
to infert all their minute Diftin&i-
one, efpecially as they are feminal
Variations, and feldom produce the
fame exact Colours.again fromSeeds.

Thefe Plants are all propagated
from Seeds, which fhould be fown
upon a Bed of freth Earth in Apri]:
and when the Plants are come up
pretty ftrong, they muft be tranf-
planted out into Nurfery-beds at
about a Foot Diftance from each
other, obferving to water them un-
til they have taken Root ; after
which they will require no farther
Care until the Michaelmas follow-
ing, but only to keep them clear
from Weeds; at which time they
fhould be tranfplanted into Rows
two Feet afunder ; in which.
Place they may continue un-
til they flower, when you fhould
mark all thofe with double Flow-
ers, which have good Colours, with
Sticks, that they may be tranf-
planted into the Borders of large
Gardens at Michaclmas, where they
will remain four or five Years, and
produce their Flowers very ftrong ;
but when the Roots are much older,
they begin to decay, and do not
produce their Stems fo ftrong, nor
are their Flowers fo large; where-
fore there fhould always bea Supply
of young Plants rais’d from Seeds
every third or fourth Year, in order
to have the Flowers in Perfeétion :
but it is the’ better way to change.
the Secds every three or four Years,

M.A

with fonie Perfon of Intecrity who

lives at a confiderable\Diitance, and

is exaét to fave Seeds from none but’ ‘~

double Flowers, and fuch as are
well colour’d, by which means you
may preferve the Sorts well from

degenerating : but if you conftantly -

fave the Seeds in the fame Place,
they will in afewYears become little
worth. '

The feveral Varieties of thefe
Plants, when carefully intermixed
in large Wildernefs-borders or Ave-
nues, afford an agreeable Profpect
during their Seafon of flowering,
which is commonly in Fu/y and 4u-
gux ; but as they grow to a confi-

derable Height, and fpread pretty _

wide, fo they take up too much
room, and appear unfightly, in fmall
Flower-gardens. ‘They fhould alfo
be fupported with Stakes, other-
wife they are fubje& to be broken’
down by ftrong Winds. |

When the Stalks of thefe Plants

begin to decay, they fhould be cut
down pretty clofe to the Ground, to~
encourage them to fhoot out frefh

Heads for the fucceeding Year, other- -

wife they fometimes rot, and de-
ftroy the Roots.
' MALUS, The Apple-tree.
The Chara@ers are ;
The Tree groweth very large: the
Branches fpread (and are more ag-

preffed than thofe of the Pear-iree):

the Flower confifis of five Leaves,
which expand in form of a Rofe ; the
Fruit is hollowed about the Footfalk ;
is, for the moft part, roundife, and
umbilicated at the Top ; is ficfhy, and

divided into five Cells or Partitions,

in cach of which is lodg’d one oblong
Seed: ;

Dr. Linzeus has joined the Pear,

Apple, andQuince, together, making

them all of the fame Genus; and |

has reduced all the Varieties of each
to one Species. ‘The Apple he dif-
Ggg3 . tinguithes

‘
——

ON a Pee eee aes

om, “os

tinguifhes by the Title of Pyrus fo-
kis ferratis, pomis bafi concavis.
Hort. Chff. i. e. Pear with fawed
Leaves, and the Apple hollow at the
Bafe’ But where the Fruit is ad-
mitted as a diftinguifhing Chara@er
of the Genus, the Apple fhould be
feparated from the Pear: and this
Diftinflion is founded in Nature ;
for thefe Fruits will not take by

budding or grafting upon each_

other, tho’ it be performed with the
utmoft Care.
times fucceeded fo far as to have the
bud or graft fhoot; but they foon
décayed, notwithflandjng all poflible
Care was taken of them ; therefore
TI fhall beg leave to continue the
Separation of the Apple from the
Pear, as hath been always praéti-
fed by theBetanifts before his time.
“The Species are;

1. Matus fjlvcffris, acide fru&iu
glbo. Tourn, The Crab-tree,

2. Marus fplveftris, foliis ex
albo eleganter variegatis. Cat. Plant.
Hort. The Crab-tree with ftrip’d
Licaves.

3. Marus fylvefiris Virginiana,
Fforibus odoratis. Cat. Plant. Hort.
Virginian Crab-tree, with fweet
Flowers. ”

4. Marus frudifera, flore fuga-
e. H.R. Par. The Fig-apple.

5. Matus pumila, gue potius
fratex, quam arbor, frudiu rubente
&5 candida. C. B. P. The Para-
dife-apple.

6. Maus fativa, foliis eleganter
wariegatis. Cat. Plant. Hort. Ap-
ple-tree with ftrip’d Leaves.

(9. Marus fore pleno. C. B. P.
The Apple with a double Flower.

8, Maus pregrandis precox te-

gervima. H.R. P. Pomme de Ram-

dour. The Rambour is a very large:

rait, of a fine Red next the Sun,

and ftriped with’a pale or yellowifh

“Green, “This npens very early,

Indeed I have fome-.

‘

commonly about the End of Ausf ;
and foon.grows mealy; therefore is

not efteemed in Exgland.
9..Marus fativa, frufu pedi-
culo firme carente. Inft. R. H. Pam-
me de Courpendu, The hanging Body.
This is avery large Apple, of an

oblong Figure, having fome irregu- _
Jar Rifings or Angles, which run |

from the Bafe to the Crown: it is
of a red Caft on the Side toward
the Sun, but.pale on the other Side :
the Footflalk is long and flender, fo

that the Fruit is always hanging.

downward, which occafioned the

French Gardeners giving it this

Name.

10. Matus /ativa, fru@u fub-
votundo e wiridi pallefcente acido-
culci. Inf. R. H. The Renette-
blanche, or White - renette, or
French Renette. This is a large
fine Fruitof a roundifh Figure, and
of a pale “Green, changing a little
yellowith when ripe, having fome
imall grey Spots : the Juice 18 fuga-
ry, and it is good for Eating and
Baking: it will keep till after C4ri/-
mas found. | |

11. Maxus fativa, fru&u fubro-
tundo e viridi ferrugineo. Inf. R. H,
The Renette-grife.
dle-fize Fruit, fhaped like the Gold-
en-renette, but is of a deep-grey
Colour on the Side next the Sun ;
but on the other Side, intermixed

with Yellow :it is a very juicy good ©

Apple, of a quick Flavour: it ri-

pens in O&ober, and will not keep

long.
12. Mauus /ativa, frudu fplen-

dide purpureo. Inf. R. H. Pomme.
This is a fma!] hard Fruit, —
of a bright-purple Colour on the —
Side next the Sun, and of a yellow.
ifh-green on the other Side: it isa _
very firm Fruit, but not much Fla-
vour; fo is only preferved by fome
Perfons, by way of Curiofity : it —

: Keeps

a Api.

wee

This is a mid-.

* ~~ ae te <
7 » ew Bin = — 5 ; Si .< -

Aue ese aS bl I igh Oe A gy ee PO Boa ee Ee eS ee ee a
tts Pete yom Keay a ee eRe te ies ei we

=, C =
<< = i:
ee ze,

43
4
is

phi

4%,
cae
ry
if

ae

M A-

a Variety in a Difh of Fruit.

. 13. Matus /ativa, frufu magno
dntenfe rubente, wviole odore. Inft! R.
H. Le Calville d’ Automne. The
Autumn Calville. This is alarge
Fruit of an oblong Figure, of a
fine red Colour toward the Sun:
the Juice is vinous, and is-much
_ efleemed by the French.

14. Manus /ativa, fru&u oblongo
£cinerco ferrugineo faccharato, anifi
adore. Inff. R. H, Fenoxillet ou
Pomme d@ Anis. The Fennel, or
Anife-apple. This is a middle-fiz’d
| Frait a little longer than a Golden
| Pippin, of a greyifh Colour : the

}

| like Anis-feed : the Wood and the

Leaves are whitifh.

15. Matus /ativa, frudtu par-
| tim albide. punfato, partim ftriis in-
tenfe rubris diftinfo. Inf. R. H.

omme violette. ‘The Violet-apple.
This is a pretty large Fruit of a
Berge cc: ftriped with deep-red to
he Sun: the Juice is fugary, and
has a Flavour of Violets, which oc-
Cafioned the Name. :

The Crab, which is the firft Sort
here mentioned, has been generally
/efteemed as the beft Stock for graft-
‘ing Apples upon, being very Hardy,
land of long Duration : but of late
/Years there have been few Perfons
who have been curious enough to
raife thefe Stocks, having commonly:
'fown the Kernels of all Sorts of Cy-
der apples for Stocks without Dif-
tinction, as thefe are much eafier to.
‘procure than the other ; fo the Gar-
deners generalby call a!l thofe Crabe,
whichare produced from the Ker-
mel, and have not.been grafted: but
were the Kernels of the Crabs fown,
fhould prefer thofe for Stocks ;
becaufe they are never fo luxuriant
in their Growth, as‘thofe from Ap-
/ple-kernels ; and they will contiaxe

¢

_ keeps a long time found, and makes

| Pulp is tender, and has a fpicy Tate”

Fe ae ee

longer found : befide, thefe will a

preferve fomé of the belt Sorts of |
Apples in their true Size, Colour,
and Flavour ; whereas the other
Free-ftocks produce larger Fruit,
Which are not fo well talted, nor
will they keep {fo long.
The Paradife-app!e hath, of late
Years, greatly obtained for Stocks
to graft or bud upon; but thefe are
not of long Duration ; nor will the
Trees grafted upon them ever grow
to any Size, unlefs they are planted
fo low as that the Cyon may ftrike
‘Root into. the Ground, when it will
be equal to no Stock ; for the Graft
will draw its Nourifhment from the
Ground ; fo that it is only by way
of Curiofity, or for very {mail Gar-
dens, that thefe Stocks are proper,
fince there can never be expected
any confiderable Quantity of Fruit
from fuch Trees.
Thefe Trees have been. much
more efteemed in France, where
they were frequently brought to
the Table in the Pots growing with
their Fruit upon them : but this
being only a Curiofity, it never ob-
tained much in England ; fo that
the Gardeners do not propagate.
many of thém here at prefent.
There is anothe Apple which is
called. the Dutch Paradife-apple,
miuch cultivated in the Nurferies,
for grafting Apples upon, in order
to have them Dwarfs : and thefe
will not decay or canker as the
other, nor do they ftint the Grafts
near fo much ; fa are generally
preferred for planting Efpaliers or
Dwarfs, being eafily kept within
the Compafs ufually allotted to |
thefe Trees. — igs Be :
Some Perfons have alfe made ufe
of Codlin-itocks, ta graft Apples
upon, in order to make them dwarf ;
but the Fruit which are upon thefe
Stocks are not fo firm, nor do the

Gge4 at

MA

lat fo long; therefore the Winter-
fruits fhould never be grafted upon
thefe.

The Virginian Crab-tree, with
{weet Flowers, is preferved by fuch
Perfons as are curious in collecting
great Variety of Trees: it may be
propagated by budding or grafting
it upon the common ‘Crab or Ap-
ple-tree ; but it is fomewhat tender

while young: wherefore it fhould be.

planted in a warm Situation, other-
wife it will be fubjec&t to fuffer by
an extreme hard Winter. The
Flowers of this Tree are faid to be
exceeding {weet in Virginia, where
it grows in the Woods in great Plen-
ty; but I could not obferve much
Scent in fome of them which have
flowered in Exgland ; fo that Iam in
doubt whether the Sort at prefent in
the Gardens is the very faine with
that of Virginia, or perhaps it may
have degenerated by fowing the
Seeds, which is the way it was firft
obtain’d in Exgland.

The Fig-apple is fuppos’d by
many Perfonsto be produc’d with-
out a previous Flower. But this
Opinion is rejected by fome curious
Qbfervers, who affirm, there is a
{mall Fiower precedes the Fruit,
which is very fagacious, feldom con-
tinuing above a Day or two. New,
which of thefe Opinions is the right,
Ihave not, as yet, had an Opportu-
nity to determine, not having aTree
in my own Poffeffion which is arriv’d
at Maturity to produce Fruit ; tho’
it might reafonably be expected,
that thofe who have hadTrees-of this
Kind feveral Years, might have de-
termin’d this Point long ere this
time.

There is an Account of a Tree
of this Kind, mention’d in a Letter
from New-Exgland, written by Paul
Dudley, Efq;to the pees, Society, and ©
publith’d in the Péilofophical Tranf-

them,

MA F

afions, Numb. 385. which was ex-_
ceeding large, and produc’d great |
Quantities of Fruit, without any —
previous Flowers; but it grew at”
feme Diftance from his Habitation #
and he having no ‘)pportunity to—
obferve it firictly himfelf, but by ~
vifiting the Place two or three times ©
about the Seafon of Flowering, and
not being appris’d of the fudden —
Decay of the Flowers, they might ~
eafily be {uppos’d to have appear’d, —
and dropt off, between the times of 4
his vifiting the Place. |

The two Sorts with ftrip’d Leaves —
are preferv’d by fuch as are curious
in collecting fuch Varieties ; thefe
may be propagated by grafting or
budding them upon the common
Apple or Crab-tree ; but they fhould
not be planted in a very rich Soil,”
which would caufe them to grow ve-
ry free, whereby their Leaves would
become intirely green again.

The other Sorts, which are above-
mentioned, are what have been
introduc’d from France; but there —
are not above two or three of —
which are much efteemed in
England ; viz. the French Renette, +
the Renette-grife, and the Violet-
apple ; the other being early Fruit,
which do not keep long, and their”
Flefh is generally mealy ; fo that ~
they do not deferve to be pro-
pagated, as we have many better
Fruits in England : but as there
may be fome Perfons, who are —
willing to have all the Sorts, 1 have
mentioned them here, for their In- 7
ftruction; but I fhall next pat —
down thofe Sorts of Apples, which
are beft efteemed in Exgland ; ‘place-- -
ing them in the Order according
to “their time of Ripening.

The firt Apple which is brought.
to the Markets is, the Codlin: This" 5
Fruit is fo well known in ngland, |
that it is needléfs to defcribe it. *~

the

~

oem

ee pi

"The next is the Margaret-apple :

This Fruit is not fo long as the
Codlin, of a middling Size : the
Side next the Sun changes to a faint
Red, when ripe: the other Side is
of a pale Green: the Fruit is firm,
of a quick pleafant Tafte ; but doth
not keep long.

The Summer-pearmain is an ob-
long Fruit, firiped with Red next
the Sun: the Flefh is foft, and ina
fhort time is mealy ; fo that it is not
greatly efteemed.

The Kentifo Fill-bafket is a Spe-
cies of Codlin, of a large Size, and
fomewliat longer fhaped than the
Codlin : this ripens a little later in
the Seafon, and is generally ufed for
Baking, &é.

_ The. Tranfparent - apple : This
was brought to Exg/and a few Years
fince, and was efteemed a-Curiofity :
it came fromPeter/burgh, where it is
affirmed to be fo tran{fparent; as that
the Kernels may be perfeétly feen,
when theApple is held to the Light ;
but. in this Country, it is a.mealy
infipid Fruit ; fo not worth propa-
gating.

_ Loan’s Pearmain: This is a beau-
tiful Fruit, being of a middling Size:
the Side next the Sun is of a beauti-
ful Red, and flriped with the fame
Colour on the other: the Fleth is

- vinous ; but as it foon grows mealy,
.it is not greatly efteemed.

The Quince apple : This is a
fmail Fruit, feldom larger than the
Golden-pippin ; but is in Shape
like the Quince, efpecially toward
the Stalk : the Side next the Sun is
ofa ruffet Colour, on the other Side
inclining to yellow: this is an ex-

, cellent Apple for about threeWeeks,
in September ; bat it will not keep
much longer.

The Golden-rennet is a Fruit fo
well known in Exg/and,as to need
no Defcription : this ripens about

a

a . =
MA

Michaelma:, and for about a Month
is a very good Fruit, either for
Eating raw, or Baking.

The Aromatic-Pippin is alfo a

very good Apple: it is about the
Size of a Nonpareil, but a little
longer ; the Side next the Sun is of
a bright-ruffet Colour : the Fieth is
breaking, and hath an aromatic Fla-
vour : it ripens in OGober.
- The Hertford@ire Pearmain, by
fome called the Winter-pearmain 3.
‘This is a good-fiz’d Fruit,rather long
than round, of a fine Red next the
Sun, and firiped with the fame Co-
lour on the other Side : the Flefh is
juicy, and ftews well; but is not
efteemed for eating by any nice
Palates : this is fit for Ufe in Novem-
ber and December.

The Kentif> Pippin is a large
handfome Fruit, of an oblong Fi-
gure: the Skin is of a pale-green
Colour : the Flefh is breaking, and
full of Juice, which is of a quick
acid Flavour : this is a very good.
Kitchen - fruit, and will keep wll
February.

The Holland Pippin is larger than
the former: the Fruit is fomewhat:
longer ; the Skin of a darker Green;

the Flefh firm and juicy : this is. .

a very good Kitchen-fruit, and will
keep late in the Seafon. ;
The Monftrous-renette is a very
large Apple, of an oblong Shape, ,
turning red toward the Sun, but.

of a Dark-green on the other Side: .

the Flefh is apt to be mealy ; fo
it is not much valued by thofe
who are Curious; and only pre-.
ferved for the Magnitude of the.

Fruit.
The Embroider’d-apple is a pret- »
ty large Fruit, fomewhat fhaped.
like the Pearmains; but the Stripes .
of Red are very broad; from whence.
the Gardeners have given it this,
Title: itis a middiing Fruit, and
aS

OO

——— a

4
;
F
¢

|

e
:
'

MA

is commonly ufed as a Kitchen-ap-
ple: tho’ there are many better.
The Royal-ruflet, by fome called
the Leather-coat-ruflet, on account
of the deep-ruffet Colour of the
Skin : This is a large fairFruit, of an
oblong Figure, broad toward .the
| Bafe; the Flefh is inclineable to
yellow : this is one of the beft
Kitchen-apples we have, and is a

very great Bearer : the Trees grow

Jarge and handfome; and the Fruit
is in Ufe from Ogober till April ;
and is alfo a pleafant Fruit to
eat.

The Wheelers Ruffet is an Apple
of a middling Size, flat, and round:
the Stalk 1s flender ; the Side next
the Sun,of a light-ruffet Colour ; the
other Side inclining to a pale-yel-
Jow, when ripe: ‘the Flefhis firm ;
and the Juice has avery quick acid
Flavour ;-but itis an excellent Kitch-
‘en- fruit, and will keep a long time.

Pile’s Ruffet is not quite fo large
as the former, but is of an eval Fi-
gure, of a roflet Colour to the Sun,

and of adark-green on the other
Side : it is a very firm Fruit, of a
fharp acid Flavour ; but is much
efteemed for Baking ; and will keep
found till 4r7/, or later, if they are
well preferved.

‘The Nonpareil is a Fruit pretty
generally known in Ezgland; tho’
there 1s-another Apple which is fre-
quently fold in the Markets for it,
which.is what the French call Haute-
bonne: this is a larger fairer Fruit
than the Nonpareil, more inclining
to yellow : the ruffet Colour bright-
er, and is earlier ripe, and fooner
gone: this.is not fo flat as: the true
Nonpareil,nor is the Juice fo fharp ;

tho’ it is a good Apple, in iisSea- .
fon: but the Nonpareil: is feldom °

ripe before Chri/fmas ; and whcre
they are well preferved, they will
keep till May. perfectly found : this

MA

is juiily efteemed one of

the bet

_ Apples yet known. '

The Golden-pippin is a Fruit pe-
culiar to England: there are few —
Countries abroad, where this fuc-—
ceeds well ; nor do‘they produce
fo good Fruit in manyParts of Exg- —
land, as were to be wifhed: this ~

is in fome meafure owing to their
being grafted on Free-ftocks, which

inlarges the Fruit, but renders it lefs

valuable ; becaufe the Flefh is not

fo firm, nor the Flavour fo quick; —

and it isapt to be dry and mealy ;
therefore this fhould always be
grafted upon the Crab-ftock, which

will not canker like the others ; and ©

tho’ the Fruit will not be fo fair
to the Sight, yet it will be better
flavoured,

There are yet a great Variety
of Apples, which, being inferior to
thofe here mentioned, I have omit-
ted; as thofe which are here enu-
merated will be {Sufficient to fur-
nifh the Table, and the Kitchen,
during the whole Seafon of thefe

Fruits ; fo that where thefe Sorts.
are to be had, no Perfon of Tafte —

will eat the other.

I fhall here mention fome of the

Apples which are chiefly preferred

for the making of Cyder; tho’ there

are, in every Cyder Country, new

Sorts frequently obtained from the
Kernels: but thofe hereafter men-
tioned have, for fome Years been

in the greateft Efteem :
The Red-ftreak. ~
Devonfbire Royal Wilding. ;
The Whitfour. er
Hertfordfbire Under-leaf.
John-apple, or Deux-aanes.
Everlafting-hanger,
Gennet-moyle.

A’) the Sorts of Apples are pro-

pagated by grafting or budding,
upon the Stocks of the fame Kind;
for they will not take upon any

: other

~

2
on aa

PS ae
ee

¢ ‘
= we ‘-. + = > *

oe

Dan
ae
di “

ay

Sl |

‘

J

MA
other Sort of Fruit-trees. In the
eries there are three Sorts of
cks generally ufed, to graft Ap-
les upon: the firft are called Free-
ocks: thefe are raifed from the
rncls of all Sorts of Apples, in-
differently ; and thefe are alfo term-
ed Crab-ftocks ; for all thofe Trees
which are produced from the Seeds,
before they are grafted, are termed

as I before obferved, I fhould always
efer {uch Stocks as are raiied from
fie Kernels of Crabs, where they are
prefied for Verjuice.: and I find fe-
vera! of the old Writers on this Sub-
eG, of the fame Mind. Mr. dufex,
‘who wrote an hundred Years ago,
ays, The Stock which he accounts
bef for Apple-grafts, is the Crab:
which is better than fweeter Apple-
trees to graft on, becaufe they are
\ seg free from Canker, and will
ecome very large Trees; and, I con-
ceive, will laf longer then Stacks of
froceter Apples, and will make Fruits
more firong and hardy to endure Frofls.
And it is very certain, that by fre-
quently grafting fome Sorts of Ap-
ples upon Free-ftocks, the Fruits
have been rendered lefS firm and
poignant, and of fhorter Dura-

on.
The fecond Sort of Stock is. the
lutch Creeper, before-mentioned:
thefe.are defigned to flint the Growth
fthe Trees, and keep them wizhin
Jompafs for Dwarfs or Efpaliers.
_ The third Sort is the Paradife-ap-
€; wnich is a very low Shrub; fo
maly.proper forTrees which.are kept
n Pots, by way of Curiofiy; for
hefe do not continue long.
Some Perfons have made ufe. of
BP lodiin-fiocks for grafting of Apples,

's. thefe. are commonly propagated
ry Suckers, I would by no means
avife the ufing of them ; nor. would

Crabs, without any Diltinction : but, -

n order to ftint their Growth : but.

MA.

I choofe to raifetheCodlin-trees from

Suckers, but rather graft them upon.

Crab-ftocks ; which will caufe the
Fruit to be firmer, laft longer, and

have a fharper Flavour: and thefe -

Trees will laft much longer found,
and never put out Suckers, as the
Codlins always do; which, if not
conftantly taken off, will weaken
the Trees, and caufe them to can-
ker; and it is not only from the
Roots, but from the Knots of their
Stems, there are generally a great
Number of ftrong Shoots prodaced,

which fill the Trees with ufelefy

Shoots, and render them unfightly,
and the Fruit {mall and crumpled.
The Method of raifing Stocks
from the Kernels of Crabs or Apples
is, to procure them where they are
prefied for Verjuice or Cyder ; and
after they are cleared of the Pulp,

they may be fown upon a Bed of’

light Earth, covering them over
about half an Inch thick with the
fame light Earth. Thefe may be
fown in Nowember or December,
where the Ground is dry; but in
wet Ground, it will be better to de-
fer it till February: but then the
Seeds fhould be preferved in dry
Sand, and kept out of the Reach of
Vermin; for if Mice or Rats can
get to them, they will devour the
Seeds : there fhould alfo be Care
taken of the Seeds, when they are

fown, to proteé&t them from thefe

Vermin, by fetting of Traps to take
them, &c. In the Spring, when
the Plants begin to appear, they matt

be carefully weeded ; and if the Sea-.
fon fhould prove dry, it will be of °
_ great Service to water them two or

three times a Week: and during the
Summer, they muft be _conitantly
kept clear from Weeds; which, if
fuffered to grow, will foon over-top
the Plants, and fpoil their Growth :

if thefe thrive well, they wil] be fit
| ws

MA

to tranfplant into the Nurfery the
_ Oober following ; at which time
the Ground thould be carefully
digged, and cleanfed from the Roots
of all bad Weeds: then the Stocks
fhou'ld be planted in Rows three
Feet afunder, and the Plants one
Foot Diftance in the Rows, clofing
the Earth pretty faft to their Roots :
when the Stocks are tranfplanted out
of the Seed-bed, the firft Autumn
after fowing, they need not be head-
ed ; but where they are inclined to
fhoot downward, the Tap-root muft
be fhortened, in order to force out
horizontal Roots: if the Ground is
pretty good in which thefe Stocks
are planted, and the Weeds con-
ftantly cleared away, the Stocks
will make great Progrefs; fo that
thofe which are intended for Dwarfs,
may be grafted the Spring Twelve-
months after they are planted out of
the Seed-bed: but thofe which are
defigned for Standards will require
two Years more Growth, before
they will be fit to graft; by which
time they will be upward of fix Feet
. high. The other neceflary Work
to be cbierved in the Culture of
thefe Trees, while they remain in
the Nuylfery, being exhibited under
the Article of Nurfery, I thall not
‘repeat in this Place.

I fhall next treat of the manner of
pidating fuch of thefe Trees, as are
defigned for Efpaliers in the Kitchen-

en; where, if there is an Ex-
tent of Ground, it will be proper to
plant, ‘not only fuch Sorts as are for
the Ufe of the Table, but alfo a
Quantity ‘of Trees to fupply the
Kitchen: but where the Kitchen-
garden is fmall, the latter muit be
fupplied from Standard-trees, either
from the Orchard, .or where-ever

they are planted: but as many of _

thefe-Kitchen-apples are large, and”
hang late in the Autumn upon the

; ae -

Trees, they will be much more ex:
pofed to the ftrong Winds, on Stan-
dard-trees, than in Efpaliers; where-
by many of the Fruit will be blown —
down before they are ripe, and others —
bruifed, fo as to prevent their keep+ _
ing : therefore where it can be done} —
J fhould always prefer the planting —
them in Efpaliers. 7.
The Diftance which I fhould —
choofe to allow thefe Trees, fhould ~
not be lefs than twenty-five Feet,”
for fuch Sorts as are of a moderate ©
Growth (if upon Crab or Free-
flocks): but the larger- growing
Sorts fhould not be allowed lefs room”
than thirty or thirty-five Feet, which
will be found full near enough, iff
the Ground is good, and the Trees
properly trained : for as the Branches
of thefe Trees fhould not be fhorten-
ed, but trained at their full Length,
fo in a few Years they will be found’
to meet.- Indeed, at the firft Plant-
ing, the Diftance will’ appear fo
great, to thofe Perfons who have not
obferved the vigorous Growth of
thefe Trees, that they will fuppofe
they never can extend their Branches:
fo far, as to cover the Efpalier;
but if thefe Perfons will but obferve”
the Growth of Standard-trees of the’
fame Kinds, and fee how wide their
Branches are extended on every Side,”
they may be foon convinced, that as ~
thefe Efpalier-trees are allowed to”
{pread but on two Sides, fo they will
of courfe make more Progrefs, as ~
the whole Nourifhment of the Root) —
will be employed in thefe Side-"
branches, than where there isagreat-
er Number of Branches on every” —
Side-of the Tree, which are-to be
fupplied with the fame Nourifh-)
ment. i ©. Cte
The next thing to be obferved is,
the making choice of fuch Sorts of 5
Fruits as grow nearly alike, to plant”
in the fame Efpalicr, This is of
greats

MA

t Confequence, becaufe of the
Bittaice which they are to be pla-
ced; otherwife thofe Sorts which
make the largeft Shoots, may ‘be
allowed lefs room to fpread, than
thofe of fmaller Growth: befide,
when all the Trees in one Efpalier
are nearly equal in Growth, they
will have a better Appearance, than
when fome are tall, and others fhort:
but for the better Inttruction of thofe
Perfons who are not converfant in
thefe things, I fhall divide the Sorts
of Apples into three Clafies, accord-
ing to their different Growths.

The largeit-growing T'ree.

All the Sorts of Pearmains.

Kentifh Pippin.

Holland Pippin.

Monftrous Renette.

Royal Ruffet.

Wheeler s Ruffet.

Pile’s Ruffet.

Nonpareil.

Violet Apple. aa

Middle. growing Tree.

Margaret Apple.

Golden Renette.

Aromatic Pippin.

Embroidered Apple.

Renette Grife.

White Renette.

Codlin.

Smallefi-growing Tree.

Quince Apple. .

Tranfparent Apple.

Golden Pippin.

Pomme d Api.

Fenouillet, or Anis-Apple.

N.B. Thefe are all twppofed to
be grafted on the fame Sort of
Stocks,

If thefe Apples are grafted upon
Crab-ftocks, I would willingly place
them at the following Dilance from
each other ; efpecially where the Soil
is good; wiz. the largeft-growing
Trees at forty Feet, the middle-
growing at thirty Feet, and the

M-A
fmall-growing at twenty - five Feet,
which, from conitant Experience, I
find to be full near enough : for in
many Places, where [ have planted
thefe Trees at twenty-four Feet Di-
ftance, the Trees have fhor fo, as
that ‘in feven Years their Branches
have met : and in fome Places, where
every other Tree hath been takem
up, the Branches have almoft joined
in feven Years after: therefore it
will be much the better way to
plant thefe Trees at a proper Diftance
at firft; and between thefe to plant
fome dwarf Cherries, Currans, or
other Sort of Fruit, to bear for a
few Years; which may be cut away
when the Apple-trees have extended
their Branches to them: for when
the Apple-trees are planted nearer
together, few Perfons care to cut
down the Trees, when they are
fruitful ; fo that they are obliged ta
ufe the Knife, Saw, and Chiffel,

more than is proper for the future’

Good of the Trees: and many
times, where Perfons are inclinable
to take away Part of their Trees, the
Diftances will be often fo irregular
(where there was not this Confider-
ation in Pjanting) as to render the
Efpalier unfightly.

When the Trees are upon the
Dutch Dwarf - ftock, the Diftance
fhould be for the large - growing
Trees twenty Feet ; for thofe of mid-
dle Growth fixteen; and the {mallet
twelve Feet ; which will be found
full near, where the Trees thrive
well.

The next is the Choice of the
Trees, which fhould not be more
than two Years Growth from the
Graft ; but thofe of one Year fhould
be preferred: be careful that their
Stocks are young, found, and
{mooth; free from Canker; and
which have not been cut down in
the Nurfery: when they are taken

BP,

MA
up, all the {mall Fibres fhould be
intirely cut off from their Roots,
which, if left on, will turn mouldy,
and decay; fo will obftruét the new
Fibres in their Growth : the extreme
Parts of the Roots muft be fhorten-
ed, and all bruifed or broken Roots
cut off; and if there are any mif-
placed Roots, which crofs each
other, they fhould alfo be cut away.
As to the Pruning of the Head of
thefe Trees, there need be nothing
more done, than to cut off any
Branches, which are fo fituated, as
that they cannot be trained to the
Lineof the Efpalier : in the Planting
there muft be care taken not to place
their Roots too deep in the Ground,
efpecially if thé Soil is moiit; but
father raife them on a little Hill,
which will be neceflary to allow for
the raifing of the Borders afterward.
The beft Seafon for planting thefe
‘Trees (in all Soilswhich are not very
moiit) is, from O&ober to the Mid-
dle or Latter-end of Nowember, ac-
cording as the Seafon continues
mild; but fo foon as the Leaves fall,
they may be removed with great
Safety. After the Trees are planted,
it will be proper to place downa
Stake to each Tree; to which the
Branches fhould be faftened, to pre-
vent the Winds from fhaking or
Joofening their Roots, which will
deftroy the young Fibres; for when
thefe Trees are planted pretty early
in the Autumn, they will very foon
puth ‘out a great Number of new
Fibres ;. which, being very tender,
are foon broken; fo the ‘I'rees are
greatly injured thereby. If the Win-
ter fhould, prove fevere, it will be
proper to lay fome rotten Dung,
Tanners Bark, or fome Sort of
~ Mulch, about their Roots, to pre-
vent the Froft from penetrating of
the Ground, which might damage
- thefe tender Fibres ; but I would not

MA

advife the laying of this Mulch bé-
fore the Froft begins ; for if it is laid
over the Roots, {oon after the Trees
are planted (as is often practtifed), ©
it will prevent the Moifture entering
the Ground, anddo much Harm to
the Trees, .

The following Spring, before the |
Trees begin to pufh, there fhould be
two or three fhort Stakes put down
on each Side of the Tree, to which ~
the Branches fhould be faftened down —
as horizontally as poffible, never cut- ~
ting them down, as is by fome pra- —
ctifed ; for there will be no Danger
of their putting out Branches enough ~
to furnifh the Efpalier, if the Trees 7)
are once well eftablifhed in their new >
Quarters. i

In the Pruning of thefe Treesy ©
the chief Point is, never to fhorten ©
any of the Branches, unleéfs there is 7
an abfoluteW ant of Shoots to fill the. —
Spaces of the Efpalier: for where ©
the Knife is much ufed, itonly mul- ©
tiplies ufelefs Shoots, and prevents |
their Fruiting ; fo that the beft Me- ~
thod to manage thefe Trees is; to ga —
over them three or four times ia the ©
growing Seafon, and rub off ail fuch ©
Shoots as are irregularly produced 3 ~
and train the others down to the —
Stakes, in the Pofition they are tore- ©
main: if this is carefully performed. ~
in Summer, there will be little lefe
to be done in the Winter; and'by ¥
bending of their Shoots from time
to time, as they are produced, theré
will be no Occafion to ufe Force, to
bring them down, nor any Danger —
of breaking the Branches. The Di- ~
ftance which. thefe Branches fhould
be trained from each other, for thé —
largeft Sorts, fhould be about fever ~
Inches; and for the {maller, fouror
five. If thefe plain Inftruétions aré
followed, it will fave much unné=
ceffary Labour-of Pruning ; and the
Trees. will, at all times, make an

hand- ~

3

) MA
handfome Appearance: whereas when
_ theyare fuffered to grow rude in Sum-

~ mer, there will be much greater Dif-

ficulty to bring down their Shoots,

- efpecially if they are grown ftubborn.

All the Sorts of Apples produce their
Fruit upon Curfons or Spurs, fo that
thefe fhould never be cut off; for
they will continue fruitful a great
Number of Years.

The Method of making the Efpa-

_ liers having been already exhibit-

ed under that Article, I need not re-
peat it here ; but only obferve, that
at will be beft to defer making the
Efpalier, till the Trees have had
three or four Years Growth; for be-
fore that time the Branches may be
fupported by a few upright Stakes ;
fo that there will be no Neceflity to
make the Efpalier, until there are
fufficient Branches to furnifh the
Lower-part. ~

I fhall now treat of the Method to
plant. Orchards, fo as to have them
produce the greateft Profit. And,
firft, in the Choice of the Soil and
Situation for an Orchard: the bett
Situation for an Orchard is, on the
Afcent of gentle Hills, facing the

| South, or South-eat; but this Af-

cent muit not be too fteep, lelt the

| Earth fhould be wafhed down by
hafty Rains.

- There are many Perfons who pre-

| fer low Situations at the Foot of

Hills; but I am thoroughly convinced

_ from Experience, that all Bottoms
_ where there are Hills on every Side,

are very improper for this Purpofe ;

_ for the Air is drawn down in ftrong

Currents, which, being pent in on

every Side, renders thefe Bottoms
| miuch colder, than the open Situa-
_ tions: and during the Winter aad
_ Spring, thefe Bottoms are very damp
and uchealthy to all. Vegetables:
| “Wisrefere the geatle Rife of aa Hill,

MA

fully expofed to the Sun and Air, ig
by much the beft Situation. As to
the Soil, a gentle hazel Loam, which
is eafy to work, and that doth not
detain the Wet, is the beft: if this
happens to be three Feet deep, it
will be the better for the Growth of
the Trees; for altho’ thefe Trees
will grow upon very ftrong Land,
yet they are feldom fo thriving, nor
are their Fruit fo well flavour’d, ag
thofe which grow on a gentle Soils
and on the other hand, thefe Treeg
will not do well upon a very dry
Gravel or Sand; therefore thofe
Soils fhould never be made choice of
for Orchards.

The Ground intended té be plants
ed fhould be well prepared the Yeap
before, by plowing it thoroughlys
and if fome-Dung 1s laid upon it thé
Year before, it will be of great Ser-
vice to the Trees: if the precedent
Spring a Crop of Peas or Beans be
panted on the Ground (provided
they are fown or planted in Rows,
at a proper Diftance, fo that the’
Ground between them is horfe=
hoed), it will deftroy the Weeds;
and loofen the Ground ; fo that it
will be a good Preparation for the

rees; for the Earth cannot be tto
mueh wrought or pulverized for this
Purpofe : thefe Crops will be taken
off the Ground before the Seafon for
planting of thefe Trees; which fhould
be as foon as poffible performedwhen
the Trees begin to fhed their Leaves.

In ebcofing of the Trees, I would
advife thetaking iuch as are bat of .
two Yeats Growth, from the Graft,
and never to plant old Trees, or
fuch as-are grafted upon old Stocks
for it is lofing of time to plant thefe,
young Trees being always more cer=
tain to grow, and make a much
greater Progrefs, than thofe which
are old : as to praning of the Roots,

it

er

MA

it-muft be done in the fame manner
as hath been already diretted for the
Efpalier-trees : and in pruning their
Heads, little more is neceflary than
to cut out fuch Branches as are ill
placed, or that crofs each. other:
for I do not approve the heading of
them down, as is by fome often
pratifed, to the Lofs of many of
their Trees.

The Diftance which thefe Trees
fhould be planted, where the Soil is
good, mutt be fifty or fixty Feet ; and
where the Soil is not fo good, forty
Feet may be fuflicient : but nothing
can be of worfe Confequence, than
the crouding Trees too clofe toge-
ther in Orchards: and altho’ there
may be fome who may imagine this
Diitance too great, yet I am fure,
when they have thoroughly confi-
der’d the Advantages attending this
Prattice, they will agree with me:
nor is it my own Authority ; for in
many of the old Writers on this Sub-
ject, thereis often mention made of
the Neceffity for allowing a proper
Diftance to the Fruit-trees in Or-
chards ; particularly in 4u/fen, who
fays, He /beuld choofe to preferibe the
planting thefe Trees fourteen or fixteen
Yards. afunder; for both Trees and
Fruits have many great Advantages,
if planted a good Diffance one from
another. One Advantage he men-
tions is, The Sun refrefbes every
Tree, the Roots, Body, and Branches,
with the Bloffoms and Fruits ; where-
by Trees bring forth more Fruits, and
thofe fairer and better. Another Ad-
vantage he mentions is, Z/at when
Trees are planted at a large Diftance,
much Profit may be made of the Ground
under and about thefe Trees by cultiva-
ting Garden-fuff, commadious as well
Sor Sale as Houfekecping ; as alfo, Goo/-
berrics, Rv foerries,CurransandStraw-
berries, may be there planted. Again
he fays, Whex Trees bave room to

M A

Spread, they will grow wery large

and great; and the Confequences of
that «will be, not only Multitudes of
Fruits, but alfo long-lafling ; and thefe
two are no {mall Advantages : for,
fays he, Men are miftaken, when. they

Jay, The more Trees in an Orchard,
the more Fruits: for one or two large

Trees, which have room to /pread,
wll bear more Fruits than fix or ten

. (it may be) of thofe that grow near

together, and croud one another. A gain
he fays, Let Men but obferve, and
take Notice of fome Apple-trees, that
§row a great Diflance from other
Trees, and have room enough to fpread

both their Roots and Branches; and -

they foall fee, that one of thofe Trees
(being come to full Growth) hath a

larger Head, and more Boughs and ©

Branches, than (it may be) four, or
fix, or more, of thofe which grow
near together, altho’ of the fame
Age. ten
And Mr, Laaw/fon, an antient Plan-

ter, advifes to plant Apple-trees —
As the two
Authors above quoted have written —

twenty Yards afunder.

the beft upon this. Subjeét, and feem
to have had more Experience than
any of the Writers I have yet feen,
I have made ufe of them, as Au-

thorities to confirm what I have ad-—

vanced: tho’ the Faét is fo obvious

to every Perfon who will make the —
leaft Reflection, that there needs ne ~

Other Proof. '

When the Trees are planted, they

fhould be ftaked, to prevent their
being fhaken or blown out of the.
Ground by ftrong Winds: but in_

doing of this, there fhould be par-—
ticular Care taken, to put either
Straw, Hay bands, or Woollen Cloth, —

between the Trees and the Stakes,
to prevent the Trees from being

againit the Stakes ; for if their Bark .
fhould be rubbed off, it will occa-
‘ fiona

s

rubbed and bruifed, by the fhaking —

~ 6h og ae te em

2.
'

_—
¥

ruy,
o a%
ry pita

.
rr
a

Al

4
=

MA

fion fuch great Wounds, as not to -

be healed over in feveral Years, if
they ever recover it. |
If the Winter fhould prove very
fevere, it will be proper to cover
the Surface of the Ground about
their Roots with fome Mulch, to
prevent the Froft from penetrating
the Ground, which will injure the
young Fibres: but this Mulch
fhould not be laid on too foon, as
hath been before-mentioned, leit the
Moifture fhould be prevented from
foaking down to the Roots of the
Trees ; nor fhould it lie on too long
in the Spring, for the fame Reafon ;
therefore where Perfons will be at
the Trouble ‘to lay it on in frofty
Weather, and remove it again after
the Froft is over, that the Wet in
February may have free Accefs to the
Roots of the Trees; and if March
fhould prove dry, with fharp North
or Eaft Winds, which often happens;
it willbe proper to cover the Ground
again with the Mulch, to prevent the
Winds from penetrating and drying
the Ground; and will be of fingular
Service to the Trees. But I am
aware, that this will be objected to
by many, on account of the Trouble,
which may appear to be great: but
when it is confidered, how much of
this Bufinefs may be done by a fingle
Perfon in a fhort time, it can have
little Force ; and the Benefit which
he Trees will receive by this Ma-
nagement, will greatly recompenfe
the Trouble and Expenee.
Asthefe Trees muft be conftantly
fenced from Cattle, it will be the beit
way to keep the Land in Tillage ;
for by conftant plowing or digging
of the Ground, the Roots of the
Trees will be encouraged, and they
will make the more Progrefs in their
srowth: but where this is done,
whatever Crops are fown or planted,
revou, It,

MA

fhould not be too near the Trees,
left the Nourifhment fhould be drawn
away from the Trees: and as in the
plowing of the Ground there muft
be Care taken not to go too near the
Stems of the Trees, whereby their
Roots would be injured, or the Bark
of their Stems rubbed off ;. fo it will
be of great Service to dig the Ground
about the Trees, where the Plough
doth not come, every Autumn, for
five or fix Years after planting ; by
which time their Roots will have ex-
tended themfelves to a greater Di-
ftance.

It is 4 common Praétice in many
Parts of Exg/and, to lay the Ground
down for Pafture, after the Trees
are grown pretty large in their Ors
chards: but this is by no means ad-
vifeable; for 1 have frequently feen
Trees of abovetwenty Years Growth,
almoft deftroyed by Horfes, in the
Compafs of one Week: and if Sheep
are put into Orchards, they will
conftantly rub their Bodies againft
the Stems of the Trees, and their
Greafe fticking to the Bark will
ftint the Growth of the Trees, and
in time will: fpoil them: therefore
where-ever Orchards are planted, it
will be much the better Method to
keep the Ground plowed or dug an-
nually; and fuch Crops put on the
Ground, as will not draw too much
Nourifhment from the Trees.

In pruning of Orchard-trees, no-
thing more fhould be done, but. to
cut out all thofe Branches which
cro{s each other, and, if left, would
rub and tear off the Bark, as alfo de-
cayed Branches; but never fhorten:
any of their Shoots. IfSuckers or,
Shoots from their Stems fhould come
out, they muft be intirely taken of ;
and when any Branches are broken
by the Wind, they fhould be cut
off, either down to the Divifion of

MA
the Branch, or clofe to the Stem
from whence it was produced: the
beft time for this Work is in Nowem-
ger; for it fhould not be done in

’ froftyWeather, nor in Spring, when

the Sap begins to be in Motion.

The beft Method to keep Apples
for Winter-ufe is, to let them hang
upon the Trees, until there is Dan-
gor of Froft; to gather them in dry

eather; and then lay them in
large Heaps to fweat for threeWeeks,
ora Month: afterward look them
over carefully, taking out all fuch
as have Appearance of Decay, wipe-
ing all the found Fruit dry; and
pack them up in large Oil-jars, which
have been thoroughly fcalded and
dry, ftopping them down clofe,
to exclude the external Air: if this
is duly obferved, the Fruit will keep
found a long time; and their Flefh
will be plump; for when they are
expofed to the Air, their Skins will
fhrink, and their Pulp will be foft.

MALUS ARMENIACA. Vide
Armeniaca.

MALUS AURANTIA. Jia
Auraxtia.

MALUS LIMONIA. 7ide Li-
monia.
' MALUS MEDICA. Vide Ci-
treum.

MALUS PERSICA. Vid Per-

|

MALUS PUNICA. Vide Pu
nica.

MAMEI, The Mammec-tree.

The Char agers are ;

Tt hath a rojaceous Flower, which
confifts of feveral Leaves placed in a
circular Order 5 from whofe Cup ari-
fes the Pointal, which afterward be-
comes an almoft |pberical fielhy Fruit,
rontaining two or three Seeds inclofed
in bard rough Shells.

There is but ene Species of this
Tree known; wz.

MA

Mame! magno frudlu, perfice fa» |
pore. Plum. Now. Gen. 44.'TheMam-
mee with a large Frutt tafting like.
aPeach. —

This Tree, in the Wef?-Indies,
grows to the Height of fixty or
feventy Feet: the Leaves are large |
and ftiff, and continue green all the -
Year: the Fruit is as large as a-
Man’s Fift; when ripe, is ofayellow-
ifh-green Colour, and is very grate-
ful to the Tafte. It grows in great |
Plenty in the Spanifp Weft- Indies,
where the Fruit is generally fold in
their Markets, and is efteemed one
of the beft Fruits of the County,
It alfo grows on the Hills of a=
maica, and has been tranfplanted.
into mot of the Caribbee Iflands, .
where it thrives exceeding well. |

In England there are fome few of |
thefe Plants, which are preferved
with great Care by fuch as are curi- ]
ous in cultivating Exotic Planteay 1
but there are none of any confidet
able Size; fo that we cannot
pect to fee either Fruit or Flowelt
for fome Years. Thefe Plants ma y
be propagated by planting ‘t
Stones, which are often broil
from the Wefl-Indies (bat ||
Stones fhould be very frefh, othe - '
wife they will not grow), into P oa :
filled with frefh light Earth,
plunged into an Hot- bed of Tanner $ a
Bark.

In about a Month or
Weeks the Plants will begin to ap ||
pear above-ground; after whic
they muft be frequently’ refrefhed
with Water; and in hot Weathe r i
the Glaffes of the Hot-bed thou " i
be raifed, to let in frefh Air. In tw ri
Months the Roots of the Plants will: |
have filled the Pots ; when you fhould i |
provide fome Pots of a little lar ger Ea
Size, into which you fhould tra )
plant the Plants, beiag carefal t o

preferve — :

*

‘ | ‘al

M A

erve as much Earth to their
Roots as poffible ; then you fhould
fill up the Pots with freth light
Earth, and plunge them into the
Bark-bed again, obferving to water
and fhade-them, until they have
taken Root. In this Bed they may
remain till Michae/mas, when they
mutt be removed into the Bark-ftove,
where they muft be conftantly kept.
obferving to refrefh them frequent-
ly with Water, as alfo to clean their
Leaves from the Filth they are apt
to contract in the Stove ; and the
Spring following they fhould be
fhifted into frefh Earth ; and, if
ney require it, into larger Pots ;
d muft be conftantly kept in the
Zark-ftove, and may be treated after
he manner directed forthe Coffee-

Te brought over, they are put into
Beam bed, under the Bottom of

a the Earth.

MANCANILLA, The Manchi-
el-tree.

The Charaéers are;

Dns, which are prouduced at remote
iftances from the Embryoes on the

me Tree: the Embryo becomes a
‘und fleloy Fruit, in which is cone

Wined a rough woody Nut, a ing

ur or five flat Seeds.

The Species are ;

ot. Mancanitua pyri facie. Plum.

Bev. Gen. 50. The Manchineel with

e Face of a Pear-tree.

2. Mancanipia aguifolii foliis.

Bum. Nov.Gen. 50.The Manchineel

4 | h Leaves like Holly.

“Binchineel with obtnnE Laurel-
i

MA
the Wef-Indies, where it grows on
low fandy Land, or near Gullies
where Water runs. The three Sorts
here mentioned are diftinguifhed by
Botanifts ; but I believe their Differ-
ence is not remark’d by the Natives,
They grow to be very large Trees.
equal to the Size of an Oak, and
are much efteemed for their Wood,
which is fawn out into Planks, and
brought over to Exgland: it is ufed
for Cabinets, Book-cafes, ESc. and
will polifh very well ; is of a bean-
tiful Grain; and will Jat a long
time. Incutting down thefe Trees,
they are very careful to burn out
the Juice of the Bark before they
begin; otherwife the Perfons are in
Danger of lofing their Eyes by fome
of the Sap getting into them, which
isof a milky Colour, and fo very
cauftic, that it will raife Blifters on
the Skin, and burn Holes in Linen,
The Fruit of this Tree, when
ripe, is of the Colour and Size ofa
Golden-pippin; for which many of
the Europeans have taken it; and
fome, by eating thereof, loft their
Lives, and others have greatly fuf-
fered: the Flefh is not much thick-
er than a Crown-piece, and not very
difagreeable to the Tafte, but will
corrode the Mouth and Throat. The
Leaves of thefe Trees alfo abound
with a milky Juice, which is of the
fame Nature ; fo that is dangerous
to be under their Drip. The Cattle
in America never fhelter themtelves
under them, nor will any Vegetable
fcarcely grow under their Shade;

yet the Goats eat this Fruit, with-

out any manifeft Injury to them-
felves, or their Milk, which is not
altered by this Food.

In Exgland there are fome of thefe
Trees preferved by Perfons who are
curious in propagating Exotic Plants.
They may be raifed trom Seeds, by

putting the whole Apple or Nut in- —
hh

2 to

ee

eS ———— eee Oe ee

to a Pot of frefh Earth, and then
plunge it into an Hot-bed of Tan-,
ners Bark, obferving to refrefh the
Earth often with Water. From one
of thefe Nuts will arife four or five
Plants, which, when grown about
three Inches high, may be feparated,
and. placed each into a fmall Pot
filled with light rich Earth, and
plunged again into the Hot-bed,
obferving. to water and fhade them,
until they have taken Root; after
which they mutt be managed as was
before directed for the Mammee, to
which I refer the Reader, to avoid
Repetition. In fhifting of thefe
Plants from one Pot into another,
great Care fhould be had, not to
break their Leaves ; for then they
will greatly bleed, and thereby the
Plants will be weakened ; and it is
very dangerous to fet any of the
Juice fall on any tender Part of the
Body ; for it will raife a Blifter : and
if it fall on Cloth, it will make
Holes therein, as bad as if Agua
fortis were dropp’d on it.

MANDRAGORA, Mandrake.

The Charaéers are;

The Flower confifis of one Leaf,
in the Shape of a Bell, andis divided
at the Top into feveral Parts: ‘the
Pointal afterward becomes a globular
foft Fruit, in which are contained
anany kidney-foaped Seeds.

The Species are ;

as. Manpracora /rudu rotundo.
C, B. P. Common Mandrake, with
a round Fruit.

z. Manpracora fore fubcoeru-
feo purpurafceute. C. B. P. Man-
‘drake with a purplifh-blue Flower.

‘Thefe Plants are propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown upon a
Bed of light Earth foon after they
are ripe; for, if they are kept un-
til the Spring, they feldom fucceed
well ; but thofe which are fown in
Autumn willcome. up in the Spring,

MA
when they fhould be carefully clear’d
from Weeds; and, in very dry
Weather, they muft be refrefhed
with Water, which will greatly pro-
mote their Growth : in this Bed they —
fhould remain till the Latter-end of
Auguft (observing always to keep
them clear from Weeds); at which —
time they fhould be taken up very
carefully, and traifplanted into the
Places where they are to remain,
which fhould be alight deep Soils
for their Roots always run down-_
ward very deep; fo that, if the)
Soil be wet, they are often rotted
in Winter; and, if it be too near”
the Gravel or Chalk, they feldom
thrive well: but, if the Soil be
good, and they are not difturbed,)
the Plants will grow to a large Size
in a few Years, and will produce
great "Quantities of Flowers and
Fruit, and they will abide a great”
many Years. q
I have been informed by fome
Perfons of Credit, that one of thefe
Roots will remain found above fifty
Years, and be as vigorous as a young
Plant. I have known fome Plants
near forty Years myfelf, which are
now in great Vigour, and may con- |
tinue fo many Years longer, as there
are no Signs of their Decay; but
they fhould never be removed after
their Roots have arriv’d to any con-
fiderable Size, which would break —
their lower Fibres, and fo ftint the —
Plants, as that they will not recover
their former Strength in two or
three Years. : ti
_ As to the feigned Refemblance —
of an human Form, which the Roots —
of this Plant are faid to carry, “tis —
all Impofture, owing to the Cum- —
ning of Quacks and Mountebanks, |
who deceive the Populace, andthe |.
Ignorant, with fictitious Images fha- —
ped from the frefh Roots of Eryony, —
and other Plants: and what 1s re-
2 ported

M A
ported as to the Manner of rooting
up this Plant, by tying a Dog there-

to, to prevent the certain Death of

the Perfon who fhould dare to at-
tempt it, and the Groans it emits
upon the Force offer’d, ec. is alla
ridiculous Fable ; for I have taken
up feveral large Roots of this Plant,
fome of which have been tranfplant-
ed into other Places, but could never
obferve any particular Difference in
this from anyother deep-rooting Plant.
MANIHOT, Caffavi, or Caffada.
The Chara@ers are;

Lt hath a foort. fpreading bell-
Seaped Flower, confifting of one Leaf,
wubich is cut into feveral Parts,
evhofe Pointal afterward becomes a
roundifo Fruit, compofed of three
Cells, which are joined together ; in
each of which is contained one oblong
Seed: to thefe Notes /bould be added,
Male Flowers, which have no Pointal,
growing round the Female, which
fall off, and are never fruitful,

The Species are ;

1. Maninot Theveti Fuca &F
Cafavi. F. B. Inf. R.H. The com-
mon Caflavi, or Caflada.

2. Maninor /pinofifima, folio
| *itigineo. Plum. Cat. The mott prick-
ly Caffavi, with a Chafte-tree-leaf.

3. Manitnor arborefcens minus
fpinofa, floribus albis umbellatis, fo-
iis aconiti urentibus. Houff. Tree-
like lefs- prickly Caffavi, with white
Flowers growing in Umbels, anda
flinging Wolfsbane-leaf.

4. Maninot frute/cens non /pi-
| nofa, folits glabris, &F minus lacinia-
tis. Houf?. Shrubby Caffavi without
| Prickles, and fmooth Leaves, which
are lefs divided. :

5. Maninot ulmi folio ampliore.
Plum, Cat. Caflavi with an ample

Elm-leaf. |

6. Maninot ulmi folio angufti-

ore. Plum. Cat. Caflavi with a nar-

MA

The firft Sort is cultivated in all
the warm Parts of America, where
the Root is ground to Flour, after
being divefted of its Juice; and
then is made into Cakes, which are
ufed for Bread. Of this there are
two Sorts, which are not diftinguifh-
ed by the Botanifts; one of which,
viz. the moft common, hath pur-
plifh Stalks, and the Veins of the
Leavesare alfo of a purplifh Colour ;
but the Stalks of the other are green,
and the Leaves are of a lighter-
green Colour, ‘The laf of thefe
Sorts is not venomous, even while
the Roots are frefh, and full of
Juice; for the Negroes frequently
dig up the Roots, and, after roaft-
ing them, eat them in the fame
manner as Potatoes, without apy ill
Effects. This Sort is known by the
Spaniards, who call it Camanioc :
but this being more light and fpon-
gy than the common Sort, and re-
quiring a longer time to grow to
Maturity, is planted by few People
in America.

The Caffada is propagated by
Cuttings, which the Inhabitants of
America plant, at their rainy Sea-
fons : thefe Cuttings are taken from
thofe Plants, whofe Roots are grown
to Maturity, for Ufe: the Cuttings
are generally about fifteen or fix-
teen Inches in Length, and are
p'anted a Foot or fourteen Inches
deep in the Ground, leaving about
two or three Inches of the Cutting
above the Surface. The Land in
which this is planted, muft be well
wrought, and cleanfed from the
Roots of noxious Weeds ; then there
fhould be a Trench opened crofs the
Ground about a Foot deep, in
which the Cuttings fhould be placed
at about a Foot Diflance from
each other, leaving a fmall Part
of each Cutting above the Sur-
face: then the Earth should be fill-

Hhh 3

POT PI Pee ene ee AI es

ed’

=

MA.
ed into the Trench again, and gen-
tly preffed with the Feet about

each Cutting, to prevent the Sun —

and Air from penetrating of the
Ground, which would dry the Cat-
tings too much, and fo prevent their
taking Root., Thefe Trenches fhould
. be made about three Feet afunder,
that there may be room to hoe be-
tween the Rows to deftroy the
Weeds ; which, if permitted to grow,
will foon overbear the Plants, and
deftroy them, The Cuttings fhould
not be planted immediately after
they are taken from the old Plants,
but fhould be laid to dry in a fhady
Place for two Days; for as they
abound with a milky Juice, if the
Part where they are cut be not healed
over, they will be fubje€& to rot, as
is the Cafe with moft milky Plants.

When the Cuttings have taken
Root, they require no farther Care,
but to keep them clear from Weeds 5
and in about eight or nine Months
time the Roots will have grown to
Maturity; which, in good Ground,
will be as large as the Calf of a
Man’s Leg, but commonly as large
as good Parfneps, if the Ground be
tolerably good. Then the Ground
muft be opened about each Plant,
to take up the Roots intire, and
pare off their Skins ; then they throw
them into a Tub of Water, and
wath them well; after which they
rafp them on a coarfe Rafp, to re-
duce them toa rough Flour like Saw-
duft; then they prefs out all the
_ Juice with a Prefs, and afterward it
as fit for Ufe.

In Europe thefe Plants are preferv-
ed by many Perfons who are curious
in collecting of rare Plants : but they
will not thrive, unlefs they are kept
in Stoves ; for they are all of them
very tender Plants. The fecond Sort
‘is only propagated by Seeds which
mutt be procured from the Places of

MA
its natural Growth; for it never
produces good Seeds in this Coun-
try.
The Seeds of this Sort were fent

into England by the late Dr. William .

Houftoun, who gathered them on
the Sands near Vera Cruz, in the
Spanifo Weft-Indies, where it grows

in great Plenty: it was alfo found ~

at Campechy by Mr. Robert Millar,
Surgeon.

This Kind feldom rifes :
-above eighteen Inches or two Feet —
high; and the Stalks, Leaves, and ©

every Part of it, are clofely befet —

with ftrong Prickles; fo that itis
difficult to touch them, without re- ©
ceiving an Injury from the Spines. _
At the Top of the Shoots there are

fome white Flowers, which are pro-
duced in an Umbel, fome of which

are Male, having many Stamina or ‘
Threads in each; but the Female ©

Flowers reft on the Embryoes, which ~ J

afterward’ become the Fruit.
The third Sort was alfo difcovered.

by the late Dr. William Houfloun, ~
near La Vera Crux: this grows to
the Height of twelve or fourteen

Feet: the Trunk of this becomes
woody, and divides at the Top into

many Branches, which are befet
with Leaves, in Shape like thofe of

Wolfsbane: thefe are armed with
finall Spines, which fting like thofe
of the Nettle.
this Kind are white, and grow in
an Umbel on the Top of the Branch-
es, and are produced throughout

the whole Year. This-Sort may be

propagated by Cuttings, in the fame

manner as the firft.

- The fourth Sert is fomewhat like

the wholfome Kind ; but is not-met
with in any of our Settlements: this

The Flowers- of —

was found in the Ifland of Cuba, by

the’ late Dr. Houffoun. All thefe
Sorts have large tuberofe Roots,
which abide fome Years; and may
thegefore be preferved by the Cu-

rrous.

-

MA

rious. When the Kinds are obtained

_ from abroad, they muft be planted
- in Pots filled with frefh light Earth,

which is not over-rich, and plunged
into the Bark-bed in the Stove;
where, during the Summer-feafon,
they fhould have a large Share of

. freth Air admitted to them, by open-

ing the Glaffes in warm Weather ;
and they muft be frequently refrefh-
ed with Water: but in Winter they
muft be kept very warm, and fhould
be watered more {paringly, efpecially
if the Plants die down to the Root,
which the fecond Sort is very apt to
do in Winter in this Country; at
which time Moifture will rot the
Roots, while they are in an unactive
State.
' When the Seeds of thefe Plants
are procured from abroad, they
fhould be fown in Pots filled with
frefh light Earth, and plunged into
an Hot-bed of Tanners Bark; and
when the Plants are come up two
Inches high, they fhould be tranf-
planted into a feparate Pot filled
with frefh light Earth, and plunged
into the Hot-bed again; being care-
ful to fhade them from the Sun, un-
til they have taken new Root. In
this Hot-bed the Plants may remain
during the Summer-feafon ; but at
Michaelmas they muft be removed
into the Stove, and treated after the
manner as was before directed.

The Seeds of thefe Plants very
often prove abortive, having a fair

_ outer Covering ; but when broken,

have no Germ within, fo that very

few of them grow: therefore it is

proper to put them into Water, and
take only fuch for fowing as fink to
the Bottom of the Veffel; for all
thofe which {wim on the Surface of
the Water, are bad Seeds.

MAPLE. Vide Acer.
- MARACOCK, Vide Grana-
@illa, ;

MA

MARANTA, Jndian Arrowe
root.

The Charaers are ;

Lt bath a Flower confifting of one
Leaf, which is almoft funnel-/baped,
opening in fix Parts, three of which.
are alternately larger than the other :
the Lower-part of the Flower-cup
afterward becomes an oval-foaped
Fruit, confifing of one Cell, in which
2s one hard rough Seed.

The Species are ;

I. MaRanTa arundinacea, can-
nacori folio, Plum. Nov. Gen. Reed-
like Indian Arrow-root, with a Leaf
like the Indian Reed.

2. Maranta. cannacori folio,
Jiore minima albo. Houft. Indian Ar-
row-root, witha Leaf like the flow-
ering Reed, and the leaft white
Flower.

The firft Sort was difcovered by
Father P/umier in fome of the French
Settlements in America, who gave
it the Name, in Honour to one
Bartholomew Maranta, an antient
Botanift. The Seeds of this Kind
were fent to Europe by the late Dr.
William Houfioun, who found the
Plant growing in plenty near La
Vera Cruz in Neze-Spain.

The other Sort was brought from
fome of the Spanif> Settlements in
America, into the Iflands of Baréba-
dos and Famaica ; where it is culti-
vated in their Gardens as a medici-
nal Plant, it being a fovereign Re-
medy to cure the Bite. of Wafps,
and to extract the Poifon of the

Manchineele:ree. The Indians ap-
ply the Root to expel thé Poifon of
their Arrows, which they ufe with _
great Succefs. They take up the
Roots, and after cleanfing them

from Dirt, they math them, and |

apply it as a Pultis to the wounded _ i

Part ; which draws out the Poifon,
and heals the Wound, It will alfo
ftop a Gangrene, if it beapplied be-

Hhh4q fore

M A

fore it is gone too far; fo that it is
avery valuable Plant.

Thefe Plants, being Natives of a
warm Country, are very tender ;
and therefore will not live in this
Climate, unlefs they are preferyved
in Stoves. . |

They may be propagated by
their creeping Roots, which
fhould be parted in the Middle of
March, jult before they begin to
puth oxt new Leaves, Thefe Roots
fhould be planted in Pots filled with
light rich Earth, and plunged intoa
moderate Hot-bed of ‘Tanners Bark,
obferving now-and-then to refrefh
¢hem with Water ; but it muft not
be given to them in large Quanti-
tics ; for too much Moifture will
- foon rot the Roots, when they are
‘im an unactive State. When the
green Leaves appear above-ground,
the Plants: will require more fre-
quently to be watered. As the Plants
advance in Strength, they fhould
have a greater Share of Air; but
they muft conftantly remain in the
Stove plunged in the Tan, other-
wife they will not thrive: for when
the Pots are placed on Shelves in
the Stove, the Moifture paffes too
foon from the Fibres, which general-
ly are fpread to the Sides and Bot-
toms of the Pots, fo that the Plants
do not receive much Nourifhment
from the Water. But where they
are conftantly kept in the Tanners
Bark, and have proper Air and
Moifture, they will thrive; fo as
- fram a fmall Root to fill the Pot in
which it was planted, in one Sum-
mer.

About Michaelmas the firft Sort
will begin to decay, and in a
fhort time after the Leaves will die
to the Ground; but the Pots muft
be continued all the Winter in the
Park bed, otherwife the Roots will
perifh; for altho’ they are in an un-

MA.

adlive State, yet they will not keep

good very long, when taken out of

the Ground; and if the Pots are .

taken out of the Tan, and placed

in any dry Part of the Stove, the —

Roots often fhrivel ‘and decay ; but
when they are continued in theTan,

they fhould have but little Water ,

given to them, when their Leaves
are decayed, left itrotthem. The
firft Sort doth flower conftantly in

Faly or Augufi, and will often pro-

duce ripe Seeds in England; but the
fecond Sort doth not flower fo con-
ftant, nor do the Flowers appear fo

confpicuous ; being very {mall, and .

of afhort Duration.

This Sort never hath produced any
Seeds in England; nor couldI ever ob-
ferve any Rudiments of a Seed-veffel
fucceeding the Flower. The green
Leaves abide on this Sort moft Part
of the Winter, feldom decaying till
February; and fometimes will con-
tinue green until frefh Leaves come
up, and thruft the old ones off; in
which Particular there is a more re-
markable Difference between the
two Sorts, than can be obferved in
the Face of the Plants.

MARJORAM., Vide Majorana.

MARRUBIASTRUM, Baftard
Horehound. Vide Cunila.

MARRUBIUM, Horehound...

The Charc&ers are;

It is a verticillate Plant, with a ~~

Lip-flower confifling of one Leaf;

whofe Upper-lip (or Creft) is upright,

with two Horns; but the Under-lip

(or Beard) is divided into threeParts: -
the Pointal, which is fix’d to the -
Hinder-part of the Flower, is attend~

ed by four Embryoes, which become fa
many oblong Seeds, inclsd in the
Elower-cup.
The Species are; os
1. Marrusium album vulgare.
C. B.P, Common. white Hore-
hound.
2. Mar-

ae
MA
2. Marrvesiuo album latifolium
peregrinum. C. B. P. Broad-leav’d
foreign white Horehound.

+3. Marrusium album anguftifo-

lium peregrinum. C.B. P. Narrow-
leav’d foreign white Horehound.
4. Marrusium aljyffon didum,
foliis profunde incifis. H. L. Hore-
hound, cali’d Madwort, with Leaves
deeply cut in.
5. Marrusium Hifpanicum fu-
pinum, foliis fericeis argenteis. Tourn.
Low Spani/b Horehound, with filken
filver-colour’d Leaves.

There are fome other Species of
this Plant, which are preferv’d in
‘curious Botanic Gardens, for the
‘fake of Variety: but as they are of
no Ufe or Beauty, it would be need-
iJefs to enumerate them in this
| Place.

_. The firft Sort here .mention’d is
‘usd in Medicine: this is found
| wild in divers Parts of England. ‘The
other Sorts are only kept by fuch
as delight in Variety of Plants; for
they have no great Beauty in their
Flowers, nor are there any Ufes to
\which they are applied.
| They may be all propagated by
fowing their Seeds in March upon a
Bed of freth light Earth; and when
‘they are come up, they fhould be
) tranfplanted out into a dry Soil, at
about eighteen Inches or two Feet
afunder ;. where they will require no
farther Culture than only to keep
them clear from Weeds. But the
fourth Sort is fomewhat tender, and
Should have a warm Situation, other-
wife it would be often kill’d by
Frofts. This is a biennial Plant.
MARRUBIUM NIGRUM. /i-
de Ballote.
MARTAGON. /7de Lilium.
MARTYNIA.
_ This Name was given by the late
Ds. William Houftaun to this Genus

|

MA

of Plants, which he difcover'd in
America, in Honour to his Friend
Mr. Fobn Martyn, Profeflor of Bo-
tany at Cambridge.

The CharaGers are;

It hath an anomalous Flower con-
fifting of one Leaf, which is divided
into two Lips: the Upper-lip is ered,
and flightly cut into two Parts; but
the Under-lip is cut into three Parts,
the middle Segment being larger than
the other two: the Flower is fucceed-
ed by a Fruit having a firong thick

Covering, in which isinclofeda very |

hard Nut, having two fharp crooked
Horns at one End; and in the Nut
are included four Seeds, lodged in fo
many feparate Cells.

The Species are ;

1. Martynia annua vilhbfa &
vifcofa, folio fubrotundo, flore magne
rubro. Houff. Annual hairy vifcous
Martynia, with a roundifh Leaf, and
a large red Flower.

2. Martywnia‘ annua villfa &
vifcofa, aceris folio, flore albo, tubo
longi ffimo.Houft. Annual hairy vifcous
Martynia, with a Maple-leaf, and
a white Flower, having a very long
Tube.

3. Martynia foliis /ferratis.
Lin. Hort. Cliff. Martynia with faw-
ed Leaves.

The firft of thefe Plants was dif- ©

covered by the late Dr. William
Houftoun, near La Vera Cruz in
New-Spain, from whence he fent the
Seeds into England ; which fucceed-
ed very well in the Phyfic-garden at

Chelfea: and in the Year 1731. fe- -

veral of thefe Plants were raifed,
which produced their beautiful Flow-
ers, and perfected their Seeds ; from
whence fevera] Plants were raifed the
fucceeding Year.

The fecond Sort was difcovered

by. the fame curious Gentleman in |
‘the Year 1733. near Carthagena in

Newue

MA
Rew-Spain; from whence he fent
dried Samples of the Plant, with
fome of the Seeds, to England; but
they did not fucceed.

The Seeds of the third Sort were
fent from Carthagena by Mr. Robert
Millar, Surgeon, from which fome
of the Plants were raifed inthe Gar-
dens of Mr. George Clifford of Am-
ferdam; where they have flowered ;
but have not produced any Seeds in
Europe. This Sort increafes greatly
by its Roots, which creep under-

round, fo as to fill the Pots in
which they are planted, in one Sea-
fon.

The two firf Sorts, being annual
Plants, are only propagated by Seed,
which fhould be fown in Pots filled
with light rich Earth, and plunged
into an Hot-bed of Tanners Bark ;
where (if the Earth is duly watered
to promote the Vegetation of the
Seed} the Plants will appear in
about a Fortnight or three Weeks,
and will grow pretty faft, if the Bed
iswarm: they fhould therefore be
tranfplanted in a little time after
they come up, each into a feparate
Pot filled with light rich Earth, and
then plunged into the Hot-bed again;
obferving to water them well, as
alfo to fhade them from the Sun,
until they have taken new. Root ;
after which time they fhould have a
large Share of frefh Air admitted to
them in warm Weather. With this

_ Management, the Plants will make
great Progrefs, fo as to fill the Pots
with their Roots in about a Month’s
time; when they fhould be fhifted
into Pots, about a Foot Diameter
at the Top; which fhould be filled
with light rich Earth, and then
plunged into the Hot-bed in the
Bark-ftove, where they fhould be
allowed room ; becaufe they put out
many Side-branches, and wil] grow

' poffible to take out the Seeds with-

MA |
three Feet high or more, according
to the Warmth of the Bed, and the
Care which is taken to fupply them
conftantly with Water. About the
Middle of Fu/ the Plants will begi
to fhew their Flowers, which are
produced in a Spike from the Top
of the Plants; which, of the firft
Sort, are like thofe of the Fox-glove.
As the firft Spike of Flowers decays,
they are fucceeded by Spikes from
all the Side-branches ; fo that the
Plants continue in Flower until 1/-
chaelmas, or later, if the Seafon
proves favourable: but it is only
from the firft Spike of Flowers that
good Seeds can be expetted in this
Country ; fo that particular Care
fhould be taken, that none of thofe
are pulled off or deftroyed; becaufe
itis very difficult to obtain good —
Seeds in this Country; and I be-
lieve few of thofe which are produ.
ced on the Side-branches in the na-
tural Country of their Growth, are
duly ripened; for I have received a
great Quantity of thefe Seeds from
abroad, which have appeared to be —
very good, and yet few of them
have produced Plants. -

The Seeds of thefe Plants havea
ftrong green Covering on them, as
thick as the outer Covering of an —
Almond ; and when the Seeds are —
ripe, the Covering opens, and lets —
the Seeds fall, in the fame manneema
as the Covering of Almonds, Wal- —
nuts, &c. In each Covering there
is one hard Nut, in Shape fome-
what like a Beetle, having two fharp
crooked Horns at one End. This
Nut contains four Embryoes; but
there are feldem’ more than two
Seeds which are perfect in any of
them. However, when they are
fown, the whole Nut muft be’ plant-
ed ; for itis fo hard, that it is im- -

out

3 e)

_. A'S.
out fpoiling them ; and where there
are two Plants produced, from the
fame Nut, they are eafily feparated,
when they are tranfplanted. ‘Thete
Seeds will continue good for fome

Years ; for I had faved a pretty

large Quantity of them in the Year

1734. Part of which I fowed the

following Year, but had not one
Plant produced ; the Remainder of
the Seeds I divided, and fowed fome
of them every fuccéeding Year,

- without any Succefs, until the Year

1738. whenI fowed all the Seeds
I had left, from which I had one
Plant produced’: fo that if the
Seeds are good, it is evident they

will grow when they are four Years
| old. Therefore, whenever we re-

ceive good Seeds from abroad, or
fave any in this Country which are

| perfeétly ripened, it will be proper
to preferve fome of them for a

Year or two, left a bad Seafon fhould

_ happen, when the Plants may not

perfect their Seeds; fo that if this

_ Precaution be not taken, the Species
_ may be loft in Europe.

The third Sort dies to the Root
every Winter, and rifes again the
fucceeding Spring : this muift be con-
ftantly preferved in the Stove, and
plunged into the Bark-bed, other-
wife it will not thrive in this Coun-

‘try. During theWinter-feafon, when

the Plants.are decayed, they fhould
have but little Water given to them ;
for Moifture at that time will’ rot
the Roots. In the Beginning of
March, juft before the Plants begin

_ to fhoot, is the proper Seafon to

tran{plant and part the Roots; when
they fhould be planted into Pots of
a middie Size, filled with light rich
Earth, and then plunged into the
Bark-bed, which fhould at this
time be renewed with frefh Tan;
‘When the Plants come up, they
wauit be frequently refrefhed with

MA
Water ; but it muft not be given fo
them in largeQuantities, left itrot their
tender Roots; and as the Warmth
of the Seafon increafes, it will be
proper ta admit a large Share of
freth Air, which will greatly ftrength-
en the Plants ; but they muft con-
{tantly remain in the Stove, other-
wife they will not produce Flowers
in this Country, The time of their

Flowering is in the End of Fu/y, and

in 4uguf? ; but in Ofober the Plants

die to their Roots.

MARVEL OF PERU. Fie
Jalapa.

MARUM, Mattich.

The Charaers are;

It is a Plant with a Lip-fower,
confifting of one Leaf; but bas no
Galea (or Cref), the Stamina /up-
plying the Place of it ; but the Under-
lip is divided into five large Segments,
the middlemoft of which is hollow like
@ Spoon: thefe Flowers are produc’d
Single from the Wings of the Leaves -
to which may be added, It has the Ap-
pearance of a Shrub, and an hot vo-
latile Smell.

We have but one Species of this
Plant at prefent in England; which
is,

Marum Syriacum vel Creticum:
H. L. Syrian Mattich, vulgo,

This Plant is propagated by plant-
ing Cuttings, in any of the Summer-
months, upon a Bed of frefh light
Earth, obferving to water and fhade
them, until they have taken Root;
after which they may be tranfplant-
ed either into Pots or Borders of the

fame frefh light rich Earth: but the »

greateft Difficulty is, to preferve it
from the Cats ; which will come
from a great Diftance to tear this
Plant in Pieces, and from which
there is fcarcely any guarding it, ef-
pecially near Towns and Cities,

where there are many of thefe Ani- .

mals; unlefs by planting large Quan-
tities

§
‘
c
4

MA

tities of it: for itis obfervable, that
where there are but few of them,
the Cats will not deave them until
they have quite demolifh’d them ;
whereas, when a large Quantity of
the Plants are fet in the fame Place,
they will not come near them.

‘Thofe Plants which are put into
Pots, fhould be fhelter’d in Winter ;
but thofe in the fullGroundwill abide
the Cold of our ordinary Winters
very well, provided they are planted
ona warm dry Soil; and may be
elipt into Pyramids or Balls ; in
which Figures I have feen fome
Plants of this Kind near three Feet
high, which have endur’d the open
Aur feveral Years without. any Co-
vering.

MARUM VULGARE. Vide
Maftichina.

MARYGOLD Vide Caltha.

MARYGOLD (AFRICAN).
Vide Tagetes.

MARYGOLD (FIG). Vide Fi-
coides.

MARYGOLD (FRENCH). Vide
‘Tagetes.

MASTERWORT. Vide Impe-
gatoria.

MASTICHINA, Herb-mattich,
or Maftich-thyme.

The Charaers are $

The Leaves are like thofe of Thyme, °

but larger: the Stalks are upright
and forubby: the Cup of the Flower
és long, narrow, and tubulous; but is
fpread open at the Top, where it is
eut into five long flender Segments,and
bas a Woolline/s ower every Part of
at: the Galea (or Creft ) of the Flow-
er fiands upright, and is divided inta
gwo Parts: the Beard {or Lower-
lip) is divided into three Segments, fo
that it appears fomewhat like a Flow-
er with five Leaves: the Flowers
axe colleGed into thick Whorles, and

bave a white Down growing upon

the oblong Heads.

MA
The Species are;

1. Masticuina. SBoerh.
Herb-matftich, or Maftich-thyme.

ha

z. Masticuina | folir. mizore,

Herb-mattich with a leffer Leaf.

There feems to be another Varie-

ty of this Plant in fome of the Exg-
life Gardens, which is of humbler
Growth than the common Sort : the
Spikes of Flowers are alfo fhorter

_and loofer ; but the Leaves are full

as large as thofe of the common
Sort. This I don’t remember to have
feen taken notice of in any of the
Books of Botany, though it feems
conftantly to retain this Difference.
Thefe Plants may be propagated
by planting Cuttings, during any of
the Summer-months, in a Bed of
light rich Earth ; obferving to water
and fhade them, until they have
takenRoot : after which they may.be

tranfplanted into a light dry Soil, —

and have a warm Situation ; where

FROME 65 ey Sa oer >

Oe

they will endure the Coldof our er-

dinary Winters very well ; and pro-
duce great Quantities of Flowers in

July; but feldom ripen. their Seeds .

in this Country.

The flowering Part of this Plant is
order’d as an Ingredient in Venice- -

treacle ; for which Purpofe it fhould
be propagated in Phyfic- gardens.
And the Plant, having an agreeable

Scent, and being eafily cultivated, .

may merit a Place in the Borders

of every good Garden; where it.
may be reduc’d to a regular Head, —

and will appear very handfome.
MATRICARIA, Feverfew.
The CharaGZers are ; rj
It hath a fibrofe Root : the Leaves
are conjugated, and divided into many

Segments: the Cup of the Flower is

Squamofe, and hemifpherical : the —

Flowers grow in an Umbel upon the
Top af the Stalks, and the Rays of
the Flower are, for the moft part,

whites '
ote ee The

MA
~The Species are;
- a, Marricaria vulgaris fativa.
C. B. P, Common Feverfew.

2. Matricaria vulgaris vel fa-
tiva, caulibus rubentibus. H. L.
Common Feverfew, with redifh
Stalks.

3. Marricaria vulgaris vel fa-
tiva, floribus nudis bullatis. H. L.
Common Feverfew, with naked
Flowers.

4. Marricaria vugarisvel fa-

‘tiva, florum petalis fiftulofis. H. L.
Common Feverfew, with the Petals
of the Flower quilled or fiftulous.

5. Marricaria vulgaris vel fa-
tiva, forum petalis fiftulofis bre-
vioribus. H. L. Common Fever-
few, with ‘hort fiftulous Petals.

6. Matricaria fore pleno. C. B.
P. Double-flower’d Feverfew.

7. Marreicaria fore pleno, peta-
lis fftulofis. H. L.” Feverfew with
double fiftulous Flowers.

8. Marricaria flore pleno, peta-
lis marginalibus planis, difcoidibus
jhulofis. H. L. Double Feverfew,
with the Petals round the Border
plain ; but thofe in the Middle of
the Flower fiftulous.

9g. Marricaria /foliis elegantiffi-
mis crifpis, &F petalis forum fiftulofis.
Tourn. Feverfew with elegant curl’d
Leaves, and the Petals of the Flow-
ers fiftulous.

The firft of thefe Species (which
is the Sort ufed in Medicine) is found
wild upon Dunghils,and uncultiva-
ted Places, in divers Parts ofEg/and;
but is cultivated in thofe Gardens
which propagate medicinal Plants to
fupply the Markets. The other
Sorts are preferved in curious Bota-
nic Gardens for Variety ; and the
fixth, feventh, and eighth Sorts de-
ferve a Place in the Borders of large
Gardens, for the Beauty of their
Flowers.

M A -

Thefe Piants are propagated by
their Seeds, which fhould be fown
in March, upon a Bed of light
Earth; and, when they are come
up, they fhould be tranfplanted out
into Nurfery-beds, at about eight
Inches afunder, where they may re-
main till the Middle of May ; when
they may be taken up, witha Ball

of Earth to-their Roots, and planted -

in the Middle of large Borders, where
they will flower in Fuly and Auguft ;
and, if the Autumn be favourable,
will produce ripe Seeds the. fame
Year. But it is not advifeable to
permit them to feed, which often
weakens and decays the Roots;
therefore, when their Flowers are
paft, you fhould cut down their
Stems, which will caufe them to
puth out frefh Heads, whereby the
Roots will be maintain’d.

When the different Varieties of
thefe Plants are intermix’d with other
Plants of the fame Growth, they
make an handfome Appearance du-
ring theirSeafon of Flowering; which
commonly continues a full Month,
or more ; {fo they may be allowed a
Place in large Gardens, where there
Is room for Variety. But as their
Roots feldom abide more than twe
or three Years, frefh Plants thould
be raifed from Seeds, to {upply their
Places ; for although they may be
propagated by parting their Roots
either in Spring or Autumn, yet
thefe feldom make fo good Plants as
thofe obtained from Seeds. But the
fixth Sort feldom produces any good
Seeds : therefore that muft be prce
pagated in this manner, or by plant-
ing Cuttings in the Spring or Sum-

met Months, which will take Reot, _

and make good Plants.
MAUDLIN. Vide Ageratum.
MAUROCENIA. The Hotrentot

Cherry, valzo,

The

oe

)
;

MA
The Charaders are;
The Empalement of the Flower

confifts of one Leaf, which is cut into
| five finall Segments: the Flower is

divided inta five Parts, and expands
in form of a Rofe : in the Centre of
the Flower is fituated the Pointal, at-
tended by five Stamina, which are
ered, and longer than the Petals:
the Pointal afterward turns to an
oval Fruit, containing three oblong
Seeds included in the Pulp.

We have but one Species of this
Plant; viz.

Mavrocenta. Lin. Hort. Chf.
The large Hortentot Cherry, vulgo.

This Plant hath been many Years
preferved in curious Gardens, and
hath commonly been known by the
Name of Hottentot Cherry :.and as
there are two other Plants which
have alfo been received by this
Name, fo this hath been diftin-
guifhed from them, by the Title
of Major; one of the other being
called Media, and the other Minor ;
but as neither of thofe two have
produced Flowers in Exgland, fo it
is uncertain what Genus to range
the laft under. The fecond is placed
under that of Padus, by Dr. Bar-
mnan;{o that neither of them are of
this Family.

Dr. Dillenius has exhibited the
Figure of this Plant, in the Hortus
Elthamenfis, under the Title of
Frangula fempervirens, folio rigido
fubrotundo: and Dr. Boerhaave, in
his Catalogue of the Leyden Garden,

calls it, Cerafus Afra, folio rotundo

craffifimo rigido fplendente > but Dr.
Linnaeus feparated it from both thefe
Genera, and gave it this Title; tho’,
in the laft Edition of his Genera
Plantarum, hehas joined this to the
Caffine ; but in this he has been mif-
taken. iE

This is a Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, from whence it was in-

MA

troduced into the Gardens in: Hol-
land ; and hath fince been {pread in-
to moft Parts of Europe. The
Leaves of this Plant are thicker than
thofe of any other Plant yet known ;
and are almoft round, having very
fhort Pedicles ; fo that they grow
clofe to the Branches,
{mooth, and of a deep-green Co-
lour: the young Shoots of the Plant
dre generally very red, when they
firft appear ; but. afterward change
to the fame Colour as the older
Branches. It rarely produces any
Flowers in England ; but the fingu-
lar Stru€ture of the Leaves has oc-
cafioned its being preferved in the
Gardens of fuch’Perfons, who are
Lovers of Exotic Plants,

This Plant is too tender to live in
the open Air thro’ the Winter, in
England ; but may be preferved in a
good Green-houfe, where it may be
treated in the fame manner as the
Orange-tree, with which Culture
this Plant will thrive very well.

It is propagated by laying down
of the Branches in -the Autumn,
which are generally a whole Year,
and fometimes longer, before they
take Root. When thefe Branches
are laid down, it will be proper to
flit or tongue them at a Joint (as is
practifed in laying down Carnations),
This will promote their putting out
of Roots: but théfe Layers muf
conftantly be fupplied with Water,
efpecially in the Summer-feafon,
otherwife they will not take Roo
in lefs than two Years. #

I have fometimes propagated this
Plant by Cuttings; but they are a
long time before they take Root ;
fo that this is a very tedious Method:
therefore that of laying down the
Branches fhould be preferred.

MAYS, Indian Wheat.

The Title of this Genus is altered -

by Dr. Linnzus to Zeav
The

Thefe are

M A
The Charaders are; ea
Thewhole Plant bath the Appear-

ance of a Reed: the Male Flowers |

are produced at remote Diftances from
the Fruit on the fame Plant, growing,
for the moft part, in a Panicle up-
on the Top of the Stalk : the Fe-
male Flowers are produced from ibe
Wings of the Leaves, and are fur-
rounded by three or four Leaves,
which clofely adhere to the Fruit
until it is ripe.

» The Species are 5

1. Mays granis aureis. Tourn.
Common Indian Wheat, with yel-
low Grains.

2.Maysgranis albicantibus.Tourn._
IndianWheat, with white Grains,

2.Mays granis rubris. Tourn, In-
. dian Wheat, with red Grains.

3. Mays granis viglaceis. Tourn.
Indian Wheat, with violet-coloured
Grains.

5. Mays minor, granis luteis.
Leffer Indian Wheat, with yellow
Grains. ~

‘6. Mays minor, granis rubris.
Leffer Jndiaxn Wheat, with red
Grains.

7. Mays minor, granis violaceis.
Leffer Indian Wheat, with violet-
colour’d Grains.

_ There are fome other Varieties in

the Colour of the Grains of this
_ Plant, which are chiefly occafion’d
by the interchanging of the Farina
- ef one Sort with that of another,
whereby the Spikes are often of two
or three different Colours, as itcom-
monly happens when the feveral
_ Coloursare planted in the fame Spot
of Ground. ae
This Plant is feldem propagated
- in England but as a Curiofity in
- $ome Gardens; but in America it
is one of their greateft Supports,
and is there cultivated with great
Care, in the following manner:

They dig the Ground well in the

MA

Spring, and, after having drefled &
well, they draw a Line acrofs the
whole Width of the Piece intended
to be planted ; then they raife little
Hills of Earth at about three Feet
Diftance, into each of which they
plant two or three good Seeds, co-
vering them about an Inch thick
with Earth: then they move the
Line four Feet farther, continuing
to do the fame through the whole
Spot of Ground, fo that the Rows
may be four Feet afunder, and the
Hills in the Rows at three Feet Di-
{tance. Six Quarts of this Seed’ are,
generally allow’d to an Acre of
Ground, which, if the Soil be good,
will commonly produce fifty Buthels
of Corn.

If, in the planting of this Com, ,
you obferve to put the Grains of any
one Colour in a Field by itielt, and
no other coloured Grain fland near
it, it will produce all of the fame.
Colour again (as hath been aifirm’d
by feveral curious Perfons in that:
Country): but if you plant them in
Rows of the different Colours alter-
nately, they wil] interchange, and
produce a Mixture of all the Sorts ia
the fame Row, and frequently on
one and the fame Spike. Nay, it is
affirm’d, that they will mix with
each other at the Diftance of three
or four Rods, provided there be no. -
tall Fence or Building between to .
intercept them.

There is nothing more obferv’d
in the Culture of this Plant, but oa-
ly to keep it clean from Weeds, by
frequent hoeing the Ground; and,
when the Stems are advanced, to.
draw the Earth up in an Hill about
each Plant; which, if done after a
Shower of Rain,will greatly firength-
en them, and preferve the Ground
about their Roots moilta long time.

When the Corn is ripe, they cut
off the Stems clofe to the Ground;

and '

MA

and after having gather’d off the
Spikes of Corn, they f{pread the
Stalks to harden and dry, which
they afterward ufe for covering of
Sheds, &c. for which Purpofe it is
very ufeful to the Inhabitants of the
warm Parts of America, as alfo for
feeding their Cattle, while green,
which is what they often ufe, when
other Fodder is fcarce.

But notwithftanding this Plant
at prefent is only cultivated as a
Curiofity in Exgland, yet it is pro-
bable it might be propagated with
Succefs, and become a Piece of good
Hofbandry in fuch Places where
Beans will not fucceed; as parti-
cularly in light fandy Lands (where
the Inhabitants are at a great Lofs
for hearty Fodder for their Cattle),
wpon which Land this Plant will fuc-
ceed extremely well, and fupply the

Want of Beans, perhaps better than
any other Plant. The {mall Sort is
what I would recommend to be
fown in Exg/and, which is what the
Inhabitants of North-America culti-
vate; and this will perfect its Seeds
in lefsthan four Months from fowing,
as I have feveral times experienced ;
and, even in fome of the moft un-
favourable Years, it has ripen’d in
full four Months from fowing.

This Sort of Corn is much culti-
vated in feveral Parts of Germany,
where the Inhabitants ufe it to make
Bread; as alfo boil and roaft the
Grain, making feveral Difhes of it :
but this is not efteemed very whol-
fome, nor will it agree with weak
Stomachs.

In Italy, Turky, and many other
Countries, this Sort of Grain is
cultivated in plenty; and is the
Food of moft of the poorer Sort of
People ; but efpeciaily where there
is a Scarcity of Wheat and Rice:
and till Rice was cultivated in Caro-
Ji, Mays was the Support of mott

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of theInhabitants intheBriti4North-
err Colouies.

In cultivating thisPlantinEng/and,
the Ground fhould be well plowed
and dreffed, and the Rows of Corn
placed four or five Feet afunder, and
about two Feet afunder in the Rows;
fo that with an Horfehoeing-plough
the Ground may be often ftirred,
whereby the Weeds will be intirely
deftroyed ; which if duly obferved

_while the Plants are young, there
‘ will be no Occafion to repeat it, af-

ter they ate grown up to a pretty
good Height; for then the Plants
will prevent the Growth of Weeds,
by overfhadowing the Ground.

The beft time to plant thefe Seeds
is in the Beginning of 4pri/, when
the Weather is fettleds for if it be
fown too foon, the cold Nights and
wet Weather often. deftroy the
Seeds; and if it be fown too late,
and the Autumn fhould prove bad,
it would not ripen well.
_ The large Sort, when cultivatedas
a Curiofity, fhould be fown upon a
moderate Hot-bed in the Beginning
of March; and in the Middle of
April they fhould be carefully tranf-
planted where they are to remain 3
and if the Seafon proves favourable,
the Seeds will ripen very well: but
without being thus early raifed, this
Sort feldom perfeéts the Grain in this
Country. This Sort will grow ten or
twelve Feet high in good Ground.

MEADIA, The American Cowls
lip, valgo.

The Charafers are;

The Empalement is of one Leaf,

which is cut into fve oval Seions,
which are reflexed: the Flower is al-
fo of one Leaf, which is deeply cut
into five SeZions: thefe are alfa re-
flexed back to the Tube, which is cy-
lindrical, and clofelpy embraces the
Ovary, which is attended by fime
feort Stamina, ixcladed in the Tube:

the

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the Ovary afterward becomes an oval

Seed-uefel, having one Cell opening

§m tavo Parts, and containing wary
| fmall Seeds.

| There is but one Species of this
Plant at prefent known; viz.
~Meaptia. Catesd. Hift. Carolin.

App. Meadia, or American Cowf-

This Plant was many Years fince
growing in the Garden of the Bifhop
Of London at Fulham, where it paffed
under the Title of Americaz Cowf-
lip ;, which Name I have here con-

tinued to it, though itis a very im--

proper ose, for want cf a better
Englifo Name, The Plant was for
féveral Years lof& in England, and
hath lately been retrieved by Mr.
Peter Collinfon, who procured the
Seeds from Mr. Fohx Bartram, who
| gathered them beyond the Apalar-
| chian Mountains in America 3 and
_ from the Plane which flowered in
| Mr. Collinjon’s Garden, Mr. Catesdy
| has engraven a Figure, which is
publifhed inthe Appendix te his Na-
taral Hiffory of Carolina, under the
Title -here given to it of Meadia, in
| Honour to Dr. Richard Mead F.R.S.
| and Phyfician to the King, whois a
great Encourager and Patron of Arts
and Sciences.
| The Leaves of this Plant are
f{mooth, and of a pale-green Co-
lour, having feveral Indentures on
their Bdges. Thefe grow clofe to
_ the Ground in form of the Cowllip:
| from between the Leaves the Flow-
er-ftem. arifes, which ufually grows
_ about a Foot, being naked, and fuf-
| taining at the Top many Flowers
| growing inan Unibel, like thofe of
| the Auricula or Cowilip. Thefe are
f ofa purplith Colour, each hanging
downward upon pretty long Foot-
ftalks. The Petals of the Flowers
are reflexed backward, in form of
the Cyclamen, os sowbread ; fo that
~ Vor. IT. |

7
'

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at the firt Appearance they have
been taken for Flowers of that. Af-
ter the Flowers are pat, and the
Seed - vefiels formed, the Footftalks-
are reverfed, and ftand ereét.

This Plant is at prefent very rare
in Europe, being in very few Gar-
dens. It delights in a light moift
Soil, anda fhady Situation, but not
under the Dr opping of Trees. It i is
hardy in refpett to Cold; yet, in
very wet Winters, the Roots are-
often deftroyed ; which is frequently
the Fate with many hardy American
Plants, and is occafioned by the ffe- -
quent Alterations of the Weather in
our Climate, where hard Frofts fre.
quently follow great Rains: which
kills many Plants, that are Natives
of Countries, where the Winters are
much more fevere than in Exg/and.
The Leaves of titis Plant decay:
in the Autumn, and frefh ones are
produced in’ the Spring; therefore
the Roots muft not be difturbed;
but if hard Frofts fhould happen; a.
light Covering of Tanners Bark,
Straw, or Peas-haulm, fhould be
laid over them, which wul protect
them from Injury.

This Plant is routed by Seeds,
which, in good Seafons, the Plants

- produce in Exgland : thefe fhould be

fown in the Autumn, in Pots filled
with light Earth, and placed under
an Hot-bed-frame, where they may”
be expofed to the open Air in m:ld)
Weather, and covered with the Glaf= ~
fes to protect them from Froft.. Ins
the Spring the Plants will come up, |
which, when they have obtained: _
Strength, fhould be tranfplantedinto
an Eaft Border of light Earth; in
which Situation the Plants» will,
thrive better, than if expofed toa.
greater Warmth, during the Sum-= _
mer-feafon: but in the Autumn
fome of the Roots may be tran{-
planted toa Souta Border, whereMhe.
Ti ii Spring,

ME
Spring following, they will prodace_
Flowers.

MEADOW -SAFFRON. > Vide
Colchicum.

MEDICA, Medic, or La Lu-
eerne.

The CharaZers are;

It hath a papitionaceous (or But-
ter fly) Flower, out of whofe Empale-
ment arifes the Pointal, which after-
avard becomes an intorted Pod fome-
ewhat like a Ram’s Horn, in which
ave lodged kidney-/bap'd Seeds.

The Species are;

1.Mepica major erecior, flori-
bus purpurafcentibus. F.B. Greater
upright Medic, or La Lucerne, with
purplifh Flowers.

2. Mepica major ercior, floribus
wiolaceis. Tourn. Greater upright
Medic, or La Lucerne, with violet-
coloured Flowers.

3. Mepica major ereGior, floribus
Juteis. Tourn. Greater upright Me-
dic, or La Lucerne, with yeilow
Flowers.

4. MepDICa major ereGtior, foribus
ex violaceis F luteo mixtis. Tourn.
Greater upright Medic, or La Lu-
cerne, with violet and yellow Fiow-
ers mix'd. |

Thefe Plants do not greatly differ
from each other but in the Colour of
their Flowers; tho’ Ithink that with
the violet-colour’d Flower produces
the largeft Leaves, and ftrongeft
Shoots ; and that with the yellow
Flowers, the fmalleft Leaves, and
weakeft Shoots: fo that the violet-
colour’d flowering is the beit Sort
to cultivate for Fodder.

This Plant is fuppos’d to have
~ been brought originally from Me-
dia, and,from thence had its Name
Medica: it is by the Spaviards call-
ed Alfafa; by the French, La Lu-
cerne, and GrandeTrefie 5 and by fe-
veral Botanic Writers it is called
Fanum Burgundiacum, 1.¢, Burgun-

_ much commended by the Antients,

ME
dian Hay. But there is little roont
to doubt of this being the Medica of ©
Virgil, Columelle, Palladius, and
other antient Writers of Hufbandry,
who have not been wanting to extol
the Goodnefs of this Fodder, and
have given Direétion for the Culti«
vation of it in thofe Countries where
they liv’d. |

But notwithftanding it was fo

and hath been cultivated to fo good
Purpofe by our Neighbours in France
and Switzerland for many Years, it
hath not as yet found Reception in
our Country, in any confiderable
Quantity ; tho’ it is evident, it wilt
fucceed as well in Englandas in either
of the before - mentioned Countries,
being extremely hardy, and refilting
the fevereft Cold of our Climate:
nay, | have had the Seeds which
have happened to be fcattered upon |
the Ground in Autumn, come up, ©
and endure the Cold of a fevere
Winter, and make very ftrong
Plants.
About the Year 1650. the Seeds ©
thereof were brought over from
France, and fown in England: but .
whether for want of Skill in its Cul-
ture, whereby it did not fucceed, or
that the People were fo fond of go- —
ing on in their old beaten Road, as ©
not to try the Experiment, wheter:
it would fucceed here, or not, was
the Occafion of its beirig intirely
neglected in Exgland, I cannot fay.
However, I hope, before I quit this
Article, to give fuch Directions for
its Culture, as will encourage the
People of Exgland to make farther —
Trial of this valuable Plant, which
grows in the greateft Heat, and alfo
in very cold Countries, with this —
Difference only, that in very #
Countries, fuch as the Spanifh Wi f-
Indies, &c. where it is the chiek
Fodder for their Catile at this time, ——
- ‘ .

-~

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they cut it every Month; whereas
in cold Countries it is feldom cat
oftener than two or three times a
Year. And it is very likely, that
this Plant will be of great Service to
the Inhabitants of Barbados, Famai-
ca, and the other hot Iflands in the
Weft-Indies, where one of the great-
eft things they want is Fodder for
their Cattle; fince, by the Account
given of this Plant by Pere Fu:llée,
it thrives exceedingly in the Spani
Weft-Indies, particularly about Zi-
ma, where they cut it every Week,
and bring it into the Market to fell,
and is there the only Fodder culti-
vated.

‘It is alfo very common in Laa-
guedoc, Provence, and Daughiné, and
all over the Banks of the R2oze,
where it produces abundanily, and
may be mowed five or fix times ina
Year. Horfes, Mules, Oxen, and
other domeftic Cattle, love it ex-
ceedingly ; but above all when it is
green, if they are permitted to feed
en it, and efpecially the Black Cat-
tle, which will feed very kindly up-
on the dried Plant; the Excefs of
which is, by many People, thought
to be very dangerous: but it is faid
to be exceeding good for Milch Cat-
tle, to promote their Quantity of
Milk ; and is alfo faid to agree with
Horfes the beft of all, tho’ Sheep,
Goats, and moft other Cattle, wiil
feed upon it, efpecially when
young.

The Directions given by all thofe
who have written of this Pjant, are
very imperfeét, and generally fuch
as, if practifed in this Country, will
be found intirely wrong; for moft

| of them order the mixing of this
seed with Oats or Barley (as is pra- .

Gifed for Clover); but in this way
it feldom comes up well; and if it
does, it will draw up fo weak by
growing amongft the Corn, as not

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to be recovered under a whole Year,
if ever it can be brought to its ufnal
Strength again. :

Others have directed it to be fown
upon alow rich moilt Soil, which is
found to be the worft, next toaClay,
of any for this Plant; in both which
the Roots will rot in Winter, and
in a Year or two the whole Crop
will be deftroyed.

But the Soil in which this Plant ie
found to fucceed beft in this Country
is, a light dry loofe iandy Land,
which fhould be well plowed and
harrowed,andthe Roots of all noxious
Weeds, fuch as Couch-grafs, &c. de-
flroy'd; otherwife thefewill overgrow
the Plants while young, and prevent
their Progrefs.

The beft time to fow the Seed is
about the middle of 4pri/, when the
Weather is fettled and fair; for if
you fow it when the Ground is very
wet, or in a rainy Seafon, the Seeds
will burft, and come to nothing (as
is often the Cafe with feveral of the
leguminous Plants); therefore you
fhould always obferve to fow it ina
dry Seafon ; and if there happens

~fome Rain in about a Week or ten

Days after it is fown, the Plants will
foon appear above-ground.

But the Method I would dire&t for
the fowing thefe Seeds, is as follows :
After having harrowed the Ground
very fine, you fhould make a Drill

quite acrofs the Ground about half

an Inch deep, into which the Seeds
fhould be fcattered very thin; then
cover them over about half an Inch
thick, or fomewhat more, with the

Earth; then proceed to make an-

other Drill about two Feet from the

former, fowing the Seeds therein in?

the fame manneras before, and fo

proceed through the whole Spot of

Ground, allowing two Feet Difidneg

between Row and Row, and {catter

the Seeds very thin
liad

in the Drills.
Ia.

ie

Le See ee eee

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’ In this manner, an Acre of Land

will require about fix Pounds of
Seeds; for when it is fown thicker,
if the Seed grows well, the Plants
will be fo clofeas to foil each other
ina Year or two, the Heads of them
gtowing to aconfiderable Size, as
will alfo the Roots, provided they
have room. J have meafured the
Crown of one'Root, which was in
my Poffeffion, eighteen Inches Dia-
meter; from which I cut near four
hundred Shoots at one time, which
is an extraordinary Increafe; and
this upon a poor dry gravelly Soil,
which had not been dung’d for many
Years; but the Root was at leaft ten
Years old; fo that if this Crop be
well cultivated, it will continue
many Years, and be equally as good
as when it was firft fown : for the
Roots generally run down very deep
in the Ground, provided the Soil
be dry; and altho’ they fhould meet
an hard Gravel a Foot helow the
Surface, yet their Roots would pe-
metrate it, and make their Way
downward, as I have experienced,
having taken up ifome of them,
which were abovea Yard in Lenst
and had run above two Feet into a
Rock of Gravel, which was fo hard
as not to be loofened without Mat-
tocks, and Crows of Iron, and that
with much Dificulty.

‘The Reafon for direéting this
Seed to be fown in Rows is, that
the Plants may have room to grow;
and forthe better itirring the Ground
between them, to deftroy the Weeds,
and encourage the Growth of the
Plants, which may be very eafily
effe€tedwith an Horfehoeing plough,

; jut after the cutting the Crop each

time, which will caufe them to fhoot
again in a very littlé time, and be
much ftronger than in fuch Places

where the Ground cannot be ftirred: \ it fhould not be fed by large Cattle —

but you can’t pretend toufea | Plough

~
:

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the firft Seafon amongft it, until the
Plants have taken good Roots in the
Ground ; therefore when they firft
come up, the Ground between
fhould be hoed: and if in doing
of this you cut up the Plants where
they are too thick, it will caufe the
remaining to be much ftronger. ‘This
Hoeing fhould be repeated two or
‘three times while the Plants are
young, according as the Weeds are
produced, obferving always to do it
in dry Weather, that the Weeds may
the better be deflroyed ; for if it be
done in moiit Weather, they will
root and grow again.

With this Management, the Plants
will grow to the Height of two
Feet or more by the Beginning of 4z-
guj?, when the Flowers will begin to
appear ; at which time it fhould be
cut, obfetving to do it in a dry Sea-
fon, and keepit often turn "d, that it
may foon dry, and be carried off the
Ground ; for if it lie long upon the
Roots, it will prevent their fhooting
again. After the Crop is taken off,
you fhould ftir the Ground between
the Rows with an Hoe, to kill the
Weeds,and loofen the Surface; which
will caufe the Plants to fhoot again
in’a fhort time, fo that by the Be-
ginning of Sept ‘ember there will be
Shoots four or five Inches highy
when you may turn in Sheep upon
it to feed it down, for it will not_be ~
fit to cut again the fame Seafon; nor.
fhould the Shoots be fuffered to re-

‘main upon the Plants, which would

decay when the frofty Weather”

- comes on, and fall down upon the

Crown of the Roots, and prevent.
their thooting early the fucceeding |
Spring.

So that the beft Way is to feed
it until Nowember, when it will have.
done fhooting for that Seafon : but:

the fir Year, decaule the Roots,
; being” .

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being young, would be in Danger
Of being deftroyed, either by their
trampling upon them, or their pull-
ing them out of the Ground: but
Sheep willbe of Service to the Roots
by dunging the Ground, provided
they do not eat it too clofe, fo as to
endanger the Crown of the Roots.
The Beginning of February, the
Ground between the Roots fhould,
be ayain-flirred with the Hoe-
plough, to encourage them to fhoot
again; but in doing of this you
fhould be careful not to injure the
Crown of the Roots, upon which
the Buds are at that time very tur-
gid, and ready to pufh. With this
Management, if the Soil be warm,
by the Beginning of March the
Shoots will be five or fix Inches
high ; when, if you are in want of
Fodder, you may feed it down till
a Week in 4pri/: after which it
fhould be fuffered to grow for a
Crop, which will be fit to cut the
Beginning of une; when you
fhould obferve to get it off the
Ground as foen as poffible, and ftir
the Ground again with the Plough,
which will forward the Plants fhoot-
ing again; fo that by the Middle or
Latter-end of Fuz/y there will be an-
other Crop fit to cut, which muft be
managed as before: after which, it
fhould be fed down again in Au-
tumn; and as the Reots by this
time will have taken deep Hold in
the Ground, fo there wiil be little
Danger of hurting them, if you
fhould turn in larger Cattle; but
you muft always obferve not to fuf-
fer them to remain after the Roots
have done fhooting, left they fhould
eat down the Crown of the Roots
below the Buds; which would con-
fiderably damage, if not deftroy
them. cee
In this manner you may continue
gonftantly to have two Crops to cut,

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and two Feedings upon this Plant :
and in good Seafons there may be
three Crops cut, and two Feedings;
which will be a great Improvement,
efpecially as this Plant will grow up-
on dry barren Soils, where Grafs
will come to little, and be of great
Ufe in dry Summers, when Grafs is
often burnt up. And asit is anearly
Plant in the Spring, fo it will be of
great Service when Fodder falls fhort

at that Seafon; when it will be fit . -

to feed at leafta Month before Grafs
or Clover; for I have had this Plant
eight Inches by the tenth of Marc, ,
at which time the Grafs in the fame
Place has fearcely been one Inch
high,
That the Cold will not injure this
Plant, I am fully fatisfied ; for in
the very cold Winter 4279 1728-9,
I had fome Roots of this Plant
which were dug up in O&ber, and
laid upon the Ground in the open
Air till the Beginning of March;
when I planted them again, and
they fhot out very vigoroufly foon
after; nay, even while they lay up-
on the Ground, they flruck out

- Fibres from the Underfide of the

Roots, and had begun to fhoot green
from the Crown of the Roots. But
that Wet will deftroy the Roots,
Iam fully convinced; for I fowed
a little of the Seed upon a moift Spot —
of Ground for a Trial, which came .
up very well, and flourilhed exceed-
ingly during the Summer - feafon;
but in Winter, when the great Rains
fell, the Roots began to rot at Bot-.
tom, and before the. Spring were
moft of them deftroyed. | .
The beft Places to procure the
Seed from, are Saitzer/and, and the
Northern Parts of France, which
fucceed better with us than thar
which comes from a more Southern
Climate : but this Seed may be fave+

in England in gteat Pienty ;inords. |

Lii'g

——~ ee eS ee YS

M E

to which, a fmall Quantity of the
Plants fhould be fuffered to grow
uncut till the Seeds are r:pe ; when
it muft be cut, and laid to dry in an
open Barn where the Air may freely
pafs through’ but the Seed muft be
defended from the Wet ; for if it be
expos'd thereto, it will fhoot while
it remains in the Pod, whereby it
will be {poil’d. When it is quite dry,
it muft be threfhed out, and cleanfed
from the Hufk, and preferved ina
“dry Place till the Seafon for fowing
it: and this Seed faved in England is
much preferable to any brought
from abroad, as I have feveral
times experienced; the Plants pro-
duced from it having been much
ftronger than thofe produced from
French, Helvetian, and Turky Seeds,
which were fown at the fame time,
and on the fame Soil and Situation.

I am inclinable to think, that the
Reafon of this Plant not fucceeed-
ing, when it has been fown in Exg-
land, has either been occafioned by
the fowing it with Corn, .with
which it will by no means thrive
(for tho’ the Plant be very hardy
when grown pretty large, yet at its
firft coming up, if it be incommo-
ded by any other Plants or Weeds, it
feldom does well; therefore it fhould
always be fown by itfelf, and care-
fully cleared from Weeds until it
has Strength, after which it is not
eafily deftroyed) s or perhaps Peo-
ple have fown it at a wrong Seafon,
or in wet Weather, whereby the
Seeds have rotted, and never come
up, which hath difcouraged their
attempting it again: but however
the Succefs has been, I dare aver,
that if the Method of fowing and
Managing of this Plant, which is
bere laid down, be duly followed, it
will be found to thrive as wellas any
other Sort of Fodder now cultivated
in England, and will continue much

ME

longer; for if the Ground be duly
{tirred between each Crop, and the
laft Crop fed, as hath been directed,
the Plants will continue in Vigour
twenty Years or more without re-
newing, provided they are not per-
mitted to feed, which will weaken
the Roots more than four times
cutting it would do.- !

The Hay of this Plant fhould be
kept in clofe Barns, it being too
tender to be kept in Ricks open to
the Air as other Hay ; but it will re-
main good, if well dried before it be
carried in, three Years. ‘The Peo-
ple abroad reckon an Acre of this
Fodder fufficient ta keep three
Horfes all the Year round.

And I have been affured by Per-
fons of undoubted Credit, who have
cultivated this Plant, that “ three
Acres of-it have fed ten Cart-horfes
from the End of 4pri/to the Begin-
ning of Ocfober, without any other
Food, tho” they have been conftant-
ly worked. Indeed the bef Ufe
which can be made of this Grafs is,
to cut it, and give it green to the
Cattle: where this hath been done
daily, I have obferved, that by the
time the Field has been cut over,
that Part which was the firft cut, hath
been ready to cut again; fo that
there has been a conftant Supply in
the fame Field, from the Middle of
April to the End of O&ober : when
the Seafon has continued long mild,
and when the Summers have proved
fhowery, I have known fix Crops
cut in one Seafon : but in the drieft
Seafons there will be always three.
When the Plant begins to flower,..it
fhould then be cut; for if it flands

longer, the Stalks will grow hard, -

and the Under-leaves will decay ;
fo that the Cattle will not greedily
devour it. Where there is a Quan-
tity of this Grafs cultivated, fome of
it thould be cut before the Flowers

appears

&

ff

Bi el as tata Sa atlas

_ME-

appear ; otherwife there will be too
‘Much to cut within a proper time.

When this is made into Hay, it
will require a great deal of making;
for as the Stalks are very fucculent,
fo it muft be often turned, and ex-
pofed a Fortnight before it will be
fit to houfe ; for this requires a lon-
ger time to make than St. Foin; but
it is not fo profitable for Hay, as to
cut green for feeding of all Sorts of
Cattle, but efpecially Horfes, which
are extremely fond of it; and to
them it will anfwer the-Purpofe of
both Hay and Corn; and they may
be worked at the fame time juft as
much as when they are fed with
- Corn, or.dry Food. '

MEDICA COCHLEATA,Snail-
trefoil.

The CharaGers are ;

Thefe Plants differ from the for-
-mer in the Fruit, which of thefe Kinds
are foop'd like a Snail.

There are great Numbers of Sorts
of this Plant, which are preferved in
Botanic Gardens for Variety; but I
fhall in this Place only mention two
or three of the moft curious Sorts,
which are cultivated inGardens for
the Oddnefs of their Fruit. :

The Species are ;

1. Mepica /eutcllata. F. B. The
Snail - trefoil, commonly called in
the Seed-fhops Snails.

2. Mepica orbiculata. F. B. Flat
round Snail-trefoil.

3. Mepica cochleata fpinofa, echi-
nis magnis, utringue turbinatis, cum
Spinulis reflexis, Rait Hiff, Prickly
cochleated Medic, with a large
Head turbinated on every Side with
reflexed Spines, commonly called
Horns and Hedghog.

4. Mevica marina. Lob. Icon.
Sea Medic, or Snail-trefoil.

The two firft Sorts are com-
mon in the Enolif> Gardens, their
Seeds being frequently fold in the

M E

Seed-fhops in London; but the third .

Sort is pretty rare at prefent in Eag-
land,

Thefe three Sorts may be propa-
gated by fowing their Seeds upon a
warm dry Border the Beginning of
April, obferving always to do itin
dry Weather; for if the Ground be
very wet, or there fhould happen
much Rain foon after they are put
into the Earth, it very often burits,
and deftroys the Seeds ; ; but if fome
gentle Showers fall about a Week or
ten Days after the Seeds are fown,
it will bring up the Plants in a fhore
time after. When they are come
up, they fhould be carefully cleared
from Weeds, and thinned out to
about a Foot afunder, or more (for
they muft remain where they were
fown, feldom fucceeding when
tran{fplanted); and after this they
will require no farther Care but on-
ly to keep them clear from Weeds;
and in fu/y they will flower, and
their Fruit will ripen in a short time
after. When the Plant is in full
Beauty, the firft Sort, at a fmal! Di-
flance, will appear as if it had a great
Number of Snails upon it; and the

third Sort,having large rough Heads, — |

will make a very good Appearance :
for which fingular Oddnefs, a good
Garden fhould always have a few

Plants of each Sort, efpecially fince |

they require very little Care to cul-
tivate them.

When the Fruit is full-ripe, it.
fhould be gathered and laid by ina

dry Place for the Seeds; for ifthey 7

are permitted to remain upon the

Plants, and there fhould Rain hap- . i
pen, the Seeds would fprout inthe |

Heads, and be deftroyed.
The fourth Sort is a perennial

Plant, which is preferved by fuch —

Perfons as are very curious in col-
lecting great Variety of odd Plants,

This may be propagated by fowing i
the ni

Pri”

. Places where they are to remain; cially while they are young. In

tothe Diftance of a Foot afunder, into the full Ground where they —

ME: M:E |
the Seeds,as the former, or by plant- clear from Weeds ; and in Fuly they =
Ing Cuttings during any of the Sum-__ will flower, and their Seeds willbe
mer months, which, if wateredand perfected in Svptember. The Seed-
fhaded, will take Root in a fhort veflels of thefe Plants being fhaped
time ; after which they maft be like Half-moons, is the only remark-
planted in Pots fill’d with fandy able Ditference between them and
Earth, and fheltered in Winter un-_ the Medica’s.
der an Hot-bed-frame, where they The third Sort grows to be a,
may have a great Share of free Air ftrong Shrub, and will rife to the
in mild Weather, and only require Height of five or fix Feet, and may
to be fcreened from hard Froft. This bereduced toa regular Head, when it
Plant is preferved for the beautiful. will appear very beautiful: but it
Whitenefs of its Leaves, which, fhould not be cut too often, which
when intermixed with other low would prevent its Flowering; for if

Plants, makes a pretty Variety. the Shoots are permitted to grow
MEDICAGO, Moon-trefoil. without much Trimming, they will
The Charaers are; produce Flowers moft Part of the

It bath a papilionaccous Flower, Year, which, together with the
ext of whofe Empalement arifes the Beauty of its filver-coloared Leaves,
Pointal, which aftirward becomes a_ renders it worthy of a Place in every
plain rBiculated Fruit, foaped fome- good Garden.
what like an Half-moon; in which This Plant may be propagated by
are contained kidney /bap'd Seads. fowing theSeeds, either upon a mo-

The Speeves are ; derate Hot- bed, or a warm Border

1. Mepicaco annua, trifolii fa- of light Earth, in the Beginning of
~eie. Tourn. Annual Moon - trefoil, ri/; and when the Plants come
with the Appearance of Trefoil. up, they fhould be carefully cleared
"2. Mepicaco wulnerarie facie, from Weeds ; but they fhould remain

Hifpanica. Tourn. Spanifp Moon- undifturbed, iffown inthe common
trefoil, withghe Appearrnce of Vu/- Ground, till September following; but
neraria. if on an Hot-bed, they fhould be tranf

( 3. Mevicaco ¢trifolia frutefcens planted about Mid/ummer into Pots,:
zncana. Tourn. Shrubby three-leav’d placing them in the Shade until they
hoary Moon-trefoil, by many fup- have taken Root: after which they
pofed to be the true Cytifus of Vir- may be removed into a Situation
gil. _ Where they. may be fcreened from

The two firft Sorts are annual ftrong Winds ; in which they may
Plants, which are preferved in Bo- abide till the Latter-end of O@ober,
tanic Gardens for Variety, more when they muft be put into a Frame,
than any fingular Beauty or Ufe: in order to fhelter ‘them from hard.

_ thefe may be propagated by fowing Frofts; for thofe Plants which have
their Seeds in the Beginning of dri/ been brought up tenderly, willbe
upon a Bed of light Earth, in the liable to fuffer by hard Frofts, efpe-

and when they come up, they fhould /pri/ following thefe Plants may be
be cleared from Weeds, and thinn’d fhaken out of the Pots, and placed

efter which they will require no far- are defigned to remain, which fhould —
ther Care, but only to keep them be ina light Soil, and a warm Site-
. ation,

=

: ME
ation, in which they will endure the
Cold of our ordinary Winters ex-
tremely well, and continue to pro-
“duce Flowers the greateft Part of the
Year.
_ Thofe alfo which were fown in an
open Border may be tranfplanted in
September following in the fame man-
ner: but in doing of this, you muft
be careful to take them up witha
Ball of Earth to their Roots, if pof-
fible; as alfo to water and fhade
them until they have taken Root ;
after which they will require little
more Care than to keep them clear
from Weeds, and to prune their
Heads.once a Year, i.e. about the
eginning of. 7u/y, in order to re-
'duce them to a regular Figure:
}but you fhould never prune them
jearly in the Spring, nor late in the
|Autumn ; for if Froft-fhould hap-
\pen foon after they are pruned, it
jwill deftroy. the tender Branches,
jand, many times, the whole Plant

Thefe Plants have been conftantly
preferved in the Green-houfe; fup-
pofing them very tender : but I have
had large Plants of this Kind, which
have remained in the open Air ina
jwarm Situation many Years with-
out any Cover, and have been much
dtronger, and flowered better, than
thofe which were houfed ; tho’ in-
deed, it will be proper to keep a
Plant or two in Shelter, left bya
ery fevere Winter (which fome-
times happens in Exg/and) the Plants
abroad fhould be deitroyed.

| They may alfo be propagated by
uttings which fhould be planted
nd watered and fhaded until they
fave taken Root; after which they
ay be expofed to the open Air ;
put they fhould remain in the fame

1 ” ,

n April, upon a Bed of light Earth,

ed till Sepreméer fallowing, before.

WE
they are tranfplanted; by which -
time they will have made ftrong
Roots, and may be then removed
with Safety to the Places where they
are to remain, obferving (aswasbefore
directed) to water and fhade them
until they have taken Root: after
which you may train them up with
firait Stems, by faftening them to
Sticks, otherwife they are apt to
grow crooked and irregular; and ~
when you have got their Stems to
the Height you defign them, they
may then be reduced to globular
Heads ; and, with pruning their ir-
regular Shoots every Year, they may -
be kept in very good Order.

This Plant grows in great Plenty
inthe Kingdom of Naples, where
the Goats feed upon it, with whofe
Milk the Inhabitants make great
Quantities of Cheefe: it alfo grows
in the Iflands of the Archipelago,
where the Zurks ufe the Wood of
thefe Shrubs to make Handles for
their Sabres; and the Ca/ogers of
Patmos make their Beds. of this
Wood.

This is, as hath been before ob-
ferved, by many People fuppofed
to be the Cytifus of Virgi/, Columella,
and the old Writers in Hufbandry, -
which they mention as.an extraordi-
nary Plant, and worthy of Cultiva-
tion for Fodder; from whence fe-
veral Perfons have recommended it’
asworth our Care in Exgland. But
however ufeful this Plant may be
in Crete, Sicily, Naples, or thofe
warmer Countries, yet I am per-
{naded it will never thrive in Exg-
land, {o as to be of any real Advan-
tage for that Purpofe ; for in fevere
Froft it is very fubject to be deftroy-
ed, or at leaft fo much damag’d as
not to recover its former Verdure
before the Middle or Latter-end of
May; vand the Shoots which are

- pro-

Sl ee

‘

M E
‘produced, will not bear cutting
above oncé in a Summer, and then
will not be of any confiderable
Length; and the Stems, growing
very woody, will render the cutting
of it very troublefome: fo that, up-
on the Whole, it can never an{wer
the lrouble and Expence in cultiva-
ting it; noris it worth the Trial,
Sace we have fo many other Plants
tint to it; tho’ in hot dry

rocky Countries, where few other
Plants will thrive, this may be cul-
tivated to preat Advanta: fince

age,
in fuch Simations this Plant will
live many Years, and thrive very
well.

But however unfit this may be
for fuch Ules in England, yet for the
Beauty of its hoary Leaves, which
will abide all the Year, together
with its long Continuance in Flow-
er, it deferves a Piace in every good
Garden, where, being intermixed
with Shrubs of the fame Growth,
zt makes a very agreeable Variety.

MEDLAR. Vide Mefpilus.

MELAMPYRUM, Cow-wheat.

Phe Charafers are;

The Leaves grow oppofiteby Pairs:

Ebe'Flower confifls of one Leaf, is of

an anomalous perfonated Figure, and

_ divided into two Lips; the upper meft

ef which has a Spur, but the under
eae is intire: the Fruit is round, and
divided into tao Cells, containing
Seeds refembling Grains of Wheat.
~The Species are ;

1..MeLampyrum duteum latifo-
dum. C. B. P. Yellow broad-leav’d
Cow-wheat.

-2. Metampyrum luteum angu/fii-
foliun. C. B. P. Narrow-leav'd yel-
low Cow-wheat.

3. MELAMPYRUM coma purpura-

- feente. C. B. P. Cow-wheat with pur-

pith Tops.
The two firft Sorts are very com-
mon in Woods, and fhady Places,

ME
growing near the Foot of Trees im
divers Parts of England, and: are
never cultivated in Gardens.

The third Sort is very rare
found wild in England, except im
Norfolk ; where, in fome of the fan
dy Lands, it is often found wild: 2
but in We/?-Frifeland and Flanders
it grows very plentifully among the
Corn; and Clufivs fays, it {poils
their Bread, making it dark; and
that thofe who eat of it, ufed to be
troubled with Heavinefs of the:
Head, in the fame manner as if they 5
had eaten Darnel or Cockle: but!
Mir. Ray fays, he has eaten of this |
Bread very o often, but could never’
perceive, that it gave any difagree-
able Tafte, or that it was accounted |
unwholfome by the Country-people,
who never endeavour to feparate it
from the Corn : and Tabernemontas
nus declares, He has often eaten it |
without any Harm; and fays, it”
makesa very pleafant Bread. / It is
a delicious Food for Cattle, particu-
larly for fattening of Oxen and .
Cows: for which Purpofe i it may be
cultivated in the fame manner as ©
hath been direéted for the Fagopy=
rum, or Buck-wheat: it loves a
light fandy Soil.

MELASTOMA, The Auericaly
Goofberry-tree, wader.

The Charaters are ; 5

The Empalement of the Flower ig”
of one Leaf, fuelling like a Bladder =
the Flower is compofed of five round= |
ifo Petals, which are inferted in the

Border of toe ee : oi a ¥

Summits, which are ere :
tal afterward changes to@ + pulpal
Berry, having five Cells, which are
filled with [mall Seeds.
The Species are ;
Mevastoma /foliis ovisto- hie
dees crenatis, nervis quingue longin
tudinalibasy ‘i

a

ME
Gnalibus, extimis obfoletioribus. Lin.
fort. Cliff. American Goolberry-tree,
vith oval {pear-fhaped Leaves having
ve longitudinal Veins.
2. Metastoma /foliis ovato-lan-
glatis integerrimis fubtus /criceis,
ervis ante apicem coeuntibus. Lin,
dort. Clif, American Goofberry-tree,
vith whole oval {pear-fhaped Leaves,
aving three Veins which join be-
re they reach the End of the
eaves.
3. Merastoma foliis lanceolatis
vingue glabris, nervis tribus ante
afin cocuntibus. Lin. Hort. Cliff.
VmericanGoofberry-tree, with fpear-
naped Leaves, fmooth on both Sides,
ad three Veins joining before they
zach the Bottom.
4. Mexasroma felis Janceolatis,
ervis tribus longitudinalibus fubtus
Vabris coloratis. Lin. Hort. Cliff.
merican Goolberry-tree, with fpear-
taped Leaves, having tliree longi-
adinal Veins, and {mooth on their
Inder-fide.
5. MELtasToMa = gutinguenervia
irta major, capitulis fericets villofis.
arm. Zeyl. Greater hairy American
joofberry-tree, with Leaves having
ve Veins, and the Heads covered
ith a filky Down.
(6. Merastoma foliis oblongo-
atis acuminatis, Jubtus niveis, ner-
1s quingue longitudinalibus, floribus
Bvbellatis. American Goobberry-tree,
ith oblong oval-pointed Leaves,

owing in an Umbel.
7. Mevasroma birfutifima, fo-
acutis, fubtus aureis, nervis quin-
@ longitudinalibus, fruu verticil-
a. The moft hairy American
oofberry-tree, with pointed Leaves
ich are of a gold Colour on their
ez-fide, having five longitudinal
tins, and the Fruit. growing in
‘horles round the Stalks.

M E

Thefe Plants are Natives of the
warmeft Parts of America, and fome
of them alfo growin Jadia. Moft
of thefe grow upon the Mountains
in the Iilands of Famaica, and in
the Brafils; but Ido not find, thae
the Fruit are eaten by the Inhabit-
ants of thofe Places.

The Title of this Genus was
given by Profeflor Burman of Am-
jierdam, in the Thefaurus Zeylanicus :
fome of thefe Plants have been titled
Sambucus ; others Chrifiephoriana 3
and to fome of the Species Dr. Pliake-
net gave the Title of Acidendron :
but Sir Hans Sloane, and Father
Plumier, have given them the Title
of Groffularia; from whence I have
applied the Exg/i/> Name of Goof-
berry to them, which is the Name
by which fome of them are known
in America.

The firft Sort rifes about four or
five Feet high ; the Stem and Branch-
es being covered with aruffet Down:
the Leaves are placed on the Branch-
es by Pairs, growing oppofite, upon
pretty long Footftalks: thefe Leaves
are alfo covered with the fame ruffet
Down, and having five Ribs or
Veins running thro’ the Leaves from
End to End, with {mall tranfverfe
Ribs: the Fruit is produced at the
End of the Shoots, which is a pulpy
blue Berry, as large as a Nutmeg.

The fecond Sort grows to be a
large Tree, having many crooked
Branches, covered with a brown
Bark: the Leaves are placed alter-
nately on the Branches : thefe Leaves
are {mooth, intire, and above five
Inches long, and two broad in the
Middle, with three deep Veins run-
ning thro’ them : the Upper-fide of

‘thefle Leaves are of a fine Green,

and fmooth; but the Under-fide is

covered with a foft white Lazuge or ©

Down, which makes a fine Ap-
pearance,
The

‘
——— —- -

ME
. The third Sort grows to the
Height of twenty Feet, with-a large
Trank, covered witha ‘ruffet {mooth
Bark : the Leaves of this ‘Tree are
very large, of a light-green Colour

on their Upper-fide, but white un- »

derneath : thefe are placed by Pairs
on the Branches, and make a beaa-
tiful Appearance whenthe T'rees are
viewed at a Diftance.

The fourth Sort feldom grows
more than eight or ten Feet high:
the Leaves are about four Inches
long, having three Veins running
the whole Length: the Under- fide
of them are of a Gold‘colour, and
{fmooth: thefe are placed by Pairs
on the Branches.

The fifth Sort feldom rifes above
four Feet high; the Stalks are an-
gular, and covered with a ruffet
Down : the Leaves’ have alfo the
fame Down growing on their Un-
der-fide : thefe are placed by Pairs
on the Branches.

The fixth: Sort grows to the
Height of twenty Feet or more, with
a ftrait Trunk : the Leaves are very
large, and of a beautiful Silver-co-
lour on their Under-fide :
placed by Pairs on the Branches: the
Flowers come out at the Extremity
of the Branches, in form of an Um-
bel : thefe are not larger than.a
fmall Nut, and of a bluifh Colour.

The feventh Sort grows about ten
or twelve Feet high; the Branches,
Siem, and Leaves, being covered

witha ruffet Lazugo or Down : thefe
Leaves are about three Inches long,
and one and an half broad ; having
five Veins- running the Length of
the Leaves: the Fruit of this is
_ produced in Whorles round the
Branches.

Ali thefe Plants are efteemed by
thofe who are curious, for the fin-
gular Beauty of their Leaves; which
make a fine Appearance, when

thefe are -

M E |
viewed growing on the Plants: fom
of thefe Leaves are fourteen Inche!
long, and upward of four Inche
broad ; and moft of them are eithe!.
white, ruffet, or yellow, on thei:
Under-fide ; fo that the differem§!
Colours of the two Sides oft A}
Leaves make an agreeable Variety,’
‘There are many more Sorts of th is
Tree than I have here enumerated, i}
which have been difcovered by fomi
curious Perfons in the Spani/o Wefte,
Indies ; from whence I have receiv-'
ed dried Samples : but as many of
them were gathered imperfeét, and
not well preferved, they are’ no |
very diftinguifhable, ¥

There are very few of thefe Plants :|
at prefent in any of the Europeam
Gardens ; which may have beer
occafioned by theDifficulty of bring- |
ing over growing Plants from the)
Weft-Indies : and the Seeds, being?
fmall when they are taken out of)
the Pulp, foon become dry ; fo neve
fucceed : the beft way to obtain

|
|
|
\

1

|

thefe Plants is, to have the intir
Fruits put up in dry Sand, as foo
as they are ripe, and forwarded b
the fooneft Conveyance to England
thefe fhould be immediately takes
out when they‘arrive, and the Seed
fown in Pats of light Earth, a
plunzed into a moderate Hot-bed ¢
Tanners Bark. When the Plant
come up, and are fit to remove, the
muft be each planted into a {ma
Pot of light Earth, and plunged ing
the Tan-bed ; and may afterwar
be treated in the manner directed”
for the Guanabanas ; to which
fhall defire the Reader to corn
avoid Repetition.

MELIANTHUS, erst hee
er.

The Charaders are ; 3

It hath a perennial Root, and th
Appearance of a Shrub : the Lae
are like thofe of Burnet : the. Cag .

Ne

M E
the Flower is divided inta feveral
PParts: the Flower ‘confifts of four
L were and is of an anomalous F:-
eure : the Petals,’ or Leaves, are
pl Feed jometimes in the Shape of aFan,
at ad at other times are of a conical
Figure: the Ovary becomes a Fruit
refembling a Blaader four-corner'd,
: iy ivided into four Cells, and pregnant
wuith roundi/b Séeds.
hs The Species are;
| 1. Meviantuus Africanus. HLL.
arhe large Honey-flower, vulgarly
called the Locuft or Wild Floney.

2. Meciantuus Africanus minor
fatidus. Com. ‘Rar. The {maher
inking Honey-flower.

The firft of thefe Plants is pretty
ommon in many Lng/i/fb Gardens,
vhere it is preferved as a Curiofity.
BLhis, produces iarge Spikes of cho-
Bcolate-colour'd- Flowers in May ; in
Beach of which is contained a large

Quantity of a black {weet Liquor,
from whence it is {uppofed to derive
Hts Name.

‘| This Plant was formerly preferv-
in Green-houfes, as a tender Exo-
ic ; but if planted in a dry Soil, and
i warm Situation, will endure the
Bcold of our ordinary Winters very
well ; and if, ina fevere Froft, the
Tops of them fhould be deftroyed,
rst the Roots will abide, and put
orth again the fucceeding Spring ; fo
at there is no greatDanger of lofe-
ng it: and the Plants which grow
1 a the open Air always flower much
etter than thofe which are preferved
n the Green -houfe, as being lefs
lrawn, which always is hurtful to
‘@he Flowering of Plants, and many
imes prevents their producing any
‘for it rarely happens, that

i

|

“lowers :
iny of thofe Plants of this Sort,

lower ; but they are aptto draw up
‘ ll and weak ; and thofe Branches
vhich produce Flowers generally

ae
Ho

hich are placed in the Green- houte, |

ME

decay foon after: fo that altho’ the
Stems becomt woody, yet they are
not of Jong Duration; but the Roots
{pread where they have room, and
fend out a great Number of Stems
annually : and when the Plants
grow in the full Ground, all thofe
Stems which are not injured byFroft,
feldom fail to flower the Spring fol-
lowing ; fo that the fureft Method
to have them flower is, to cover the
Shoots of thefe Plants in froity Wea-
ther, to prevent their Tops being
killed by the Cold.

This Plant may be propagated by
taking off its Suckers or Side-fhoots
any time from March to September,
obferving to choofe fuch as are furs
nifhed with Fibres ; and after they
are planted, you muft water and
fhade them, until. they have taker
Root ; after which they will require
no farther Care, but to keep them
clear from Weeds : they may alfo

be propagated by planting Cuttings,

during any of the Summer- months ;

which, if watered and fhaded, wilt

take Root very well, and may af-
terwards be tranfplanted where they
are defigned to remain.

The fecond Sort is lefs common
than the former, and only to be
found in fome curious Colle@iens

of Plants ; tho’ it feems to be equally _

as hardy as the former. This pre-
duces {mallerSpikes of Flowers ; but
they are much more beautiful than
the former, their Flowers having a
Mixtureiof red, green, and yellow.
This flowers ii May, and fometimes
perfects its Seeds with us, by which’
it may be propagated ; and the Plants
obtained from fach Seeds would be
hardier than thofe which come from
abroad,or are raifed from Slips. This
may be propagated in thg fame man-

ner as the former, and requires i

much the fame Culture, tho’ it js

commonly preferved in the Green-'

houfe :

von pee

ME

houfe: but Ihave feen Plants of this
Kind which were growing in the
Garden of Charles du Bois, Ela; at
Mitcham in Surry, onder a warm

all, which produced a greater
Quantity of Flowers, and ripened
their Seeds better, than any of thofe
Plants which are preferved in the
Green-houfe. This Sort commonly
grows to a preater Height than the
former, and its Branches become
more woody.

MELILOTUS, Melilot.

The Charafers are;

It hath a papilionaceous Flower :
out of whofe Empalement arifes the
Pointal; which afterward becomes a
naked Capfule, that is not hid in the
Empalement (as in Trefoil) pregnant
awith one or two roundifh Seeds: to
thefe Notes may be added, The Leaves
grow by Threes on the Foctfalks, and
the Flowers are produced in a Spike.

The Species are;

1. Mevi.otus officinarum Ger-
mania. C.B.P. Common Meli-
lot.

2. Meirotrus fruticoja candida
major. Mor, Hifi. Shrubby Meli-
lot, with a white Flower.

3. MeLiLtotus major odorata
vislacea. Mor. Hiff. Greater fweet-
{cented Melilot, with a’ violet-co-
~ Jour’d Flower, commonly called
Sweet Trefoil, or Lotus Urbana.

4. Menivortus corniculis refiexis,
major. C.B.P. Greater Melilot,
with reflexed Horns.

5. Meuitorus corniculis reflexis,
minor vel repens. C.B.P. Smaller
creeping Melilot, with reflexed
Horns.

6. Mexrivotus Italica, folliculis
rotundis. C. B. P. Italian Melilot,
with round Leaves,

7, MzuiLotus angufiifolia repens,
folliculis rotundis. C. B. P. WNar-
sow-leav’d creeping " Melilet, with
round {mailer Leaves. —

- fuppos’d to be only a Variety of thi

ME

8. Mevirotus lutea minor, flor
bus & filiculis minoribus, fpicatim
denfe difpofitis. Mor. Hift. Simatie)
yellow Melilot, with fmaller Flow
ers and Pods, growing in a hi
Spike.

9g. Mettrotrus Mefanenfis snd
cumbens, folliculis rugofis fublongis

Spicis florum brevibus. Rati Sym’
Trailing Melilot of Mefina, with
rough oblong Leaves, and fhort
Spikes of Flowers.

10. Mexritorus Cretica bumilii
ma humifufa, flore albo magno.Tournt
Cor. Low Melilot of Crete, with a’
large white Flower.

11. MELiLotus capfulis reni fe
milibus, in capitulum congeflis. Tox
Melilot Trefoil.

The firft Sort here mentioned a
that ufed to make theMelilotPlaifter: }
this is found wild in feveral iva
England; but is generally cultivat
in fome Gardens near London, from
wheriee the Markets are fee
with it. The fecond Sort is by fome

firit, differing in the Colour of it 7.
Flowers : but this isa Miftake; for
the whole Plant has a very different
Appearance, the Leaves being nar-
rower, the Stalks much taller, nor |
has it near fo ftrong a Scent. The 4
third Sort is fometimes ufed in Me-
dicine, but is rarely cultivated,
cept in Botanic Gardens. This i
placed in the Catalogue of ae
annexed to the Co/lege Di/penfatory, ;
under the Title of Lotus a t
or Lotus hortenfis odora. *
Thefe may be all cultivated dl oy
fowing their Seeds in March upon
a Bed of light Earth ; and when th 1
Plants are come up, they fhould~
either be tranfplanted out, or hoe d
foas to leave them eight or ob
Inches afunder, efpecially thet
firtt Sorts, which will abide two
three Years, and grow "ey large
obf “a |

i

M E

obferving to keep them clear from
Weeds ; and in Fu/y following they
will flower, when they may be cut
for Ufe, which will caufe them to
path out new Shoots, whereby the
Roots will be maintained thro’ the
Winter, and flower in May, or the
Beginning of Fune, the iucceeding
Year. The cutting off the Shoots
wwill maintain theRoots much longer,
than if they were permicted to ftand
till the Seeds are ripe ; fo that thofe
‘Roots you intend forSceds, mutt not
be depended on to ftanda very long
time.
The third Sort is an annual Plant,
which may be fown as the two for-
mer; but fhould not be tranfplant-
ed, but rather hoed out to the Di-
ftance of five or fix Inches, and per-
mitted to remain in the fame Place,
obferving to keep them clear from
Weeds ; and they will flower in Fuze,
and their Seeds will be ripe in dugu/?.:
| The fix next-mentioned Sorts are
annual Plants, which grow wild in
the South of France, and in Jtaly ;
from whence the Seeds of them have

been procured by fuch Perfons who
arecurious in Botany. ‘Thefe Sorts
are all of them preferved in Botanic
zardens for Variety ; but they are
Plants of no great Beauty, nor are
Bthey ufed in Medicine. But if there
Bwere Trials made of fome of the
Kinds, I believe they might be
found ufeful to fow for feeding of
attle, as the laft Sort here men-
ioned is at prefent in divers Parts
f Europe, which was the Reafon
f my enumerating thefe Sorts here:
for as fome of the other Sorts are
very hardy, and will grow on al-
oft any Soil ; therefore if they are

Nonefuch, they may be better worth
bultivating,becaufe they are of much
barger Growth ; fo» confequently
mill. produce much more Fodder on

Bound to be equally good with the:

Cae”

on an Acre of Land, than that wilt,
But as I have had no Opportunity
of trying if the Cattle will eat any”
of them, I cannot recommend them,
but by way of Trial to fuch Perfons’
who are curious in making thele
Sorts of Improvement.

As thefe are annual Plants, their
Seeds mutt be fown every Year ; or
if they are permitted to fcatter when
ripe, the Plants will come upin Au-
tumn, and abide the Winter’s Cold
very wellin this Country; and thofe
Plants which come up in Autumn,

will grow much larger than thofe’

which are fown in the Spring, and
will more certainly produce good
Seeds. Therefore thofe Perfons who
are Curious to preferve their Kinds,
fhould either fow them in Autumn
foon after the Seeds are ripe, or per-
mit them to fcatter their Seeds; and
the felf-fown Plants may be eafily
tran{planted where they are defigned
to grow ; and they will require no
farther Care, but to keep them clear
from Weeds. They will all of them
grow on almoft any Soil ; but they
will thrive better on dry light fandy
Soil, than on a ftiff clayey Ground.
The feventh Sort'is an abiding
Plant, which rarely produces Seeds
in this Country, and: is propagated
by parting the Roots in the Spring.
This Sort. is not fo hardy as the
others; therefore fome of the Plants
fhould be preferved in Pots, that
they may be removed into Shelter
in Winter ; for very hard Frofts will

deftroy them, if they are expofed; °

buat they muft always have as much

free Air as poflible in mild Weather ; °

fo that if they are placed ‘under a

common Hot-bed frame im Winter, *

where the Glaffes may be drawn off
every Day in mild Weather, and

only covered in hard» Froft, the:

Plants will thrive much better than

where they are placed in a Green- *

houfe,

19

ME |
- houfe. In Summer the Plants muft
- be frequently watered in dry Wea-
ther, and kept clear from Weeds,
which is all the Culture they re-
guire.

The eleventh Sort, which is culti-
vated in the open Fields in feyeral
Parts of Europe, is an Inhabitant
of this Kingdom; growing wild
by the Sides of Paths, and on arable
Land, in great Plenty every-where
near London; and if the Seeds are
| permitted to fcatter, there will bea
Supply of Plants to ftock the
Ground ; fo that it often becomes
a very troublefome Weed in Gar-
dens, and is difficult to extirpate af-
ter it hath gotten Poffeflion.

The Seeds of this Plant are fown
in the Spring, either alone, or with
Barley; the latter of which I fhould
recommend ; for as this isa low
trailing Plant, it will not injure the
Barley, which will get forward
before thefe Plants come up ; and
if there doth not arife a great
Crop of the Plant, yet being per-

mitted to ftand until the Barley ts .

ripe, the Seeds of it will be ripe,
and molt of it’ fcattered, by that
time ; and after the Corn is taken
off, the Rains in Autumn will foon
bring up the Plants, which will
flourifh al! the Winter ; and the
Spring following will afford an ear-
_ly Feed for Cattle.

Where this Plant is fown by itfelf,
itmut not be fed or mow’d, until
the Seeds are ripe; for as it is an
annual Plant, fo where it is eaten,
or cut down, the Roots will perifh; ~
and if there is not a Supply of
young Plants to fucceed them, the
Crop will: be deftroyed in one Sea-
fon. Indeed, as thefe Plants begin
to flower very young, and near their
Roots, fo, before the Seeds are form-
ed at the Extremity of the Shoots,
_ thofe produced near the Root will

ME :
be ripe and fcattered, from whence
young Plants will come up, and fup=
ply the Crop; which has deceived J)
jome Perfons, who have ‘thought + 9)

.
:

this Plant will abide two or three _
Years, and produce feveral Crops _
from the fame Root ; which is a |)
great Miftake, for. the Root perifhes }:
annually. But as the Plants produce}
fuch Quantities of Seeds at almoit }|
every Joint of the Stalks, itisalmoft | })
impoflible to deftroy the-Crop total- +
ly, if the Plants are permitted to) |
grow to any Size, before.they are |
ted or cut down. +]
The Seeds of this Plant being |
{maller than Clove#feeds, a leis
Quantity will fow an Acre. If it
is fown by itfelf, there fhould be’
ten Pounds allowed to an Acre ; but.
if itis fown with Barley, fix Pounds:
will be fufficient. When it is fown
with Barley, the Barley fhould be
firit fown and harrow’d; and then
the Seeds of this fhould be fowed,
and the’ Land rolled, which will
bury this Seed. deep enough.
This Plant is frequently con=*
founded by the Farmers, and other
Perfons who are ignorant in Botany,”
with the Hop-trefoil; the Seeds of © 7
this. being often intermixed with”
thofe : there are fome who are a>
little more curious, that diflinguifh ©
this by the Name of black Seeds 5 ~
yet thefe mix the Seeds of both”

|

together. - |

There is not a worfe Weed in’
Corn-jand than the common Me-~

lilot, which in fome Parts of Cam- 9
bridgefoire and Suffolk infefts mofte ~
of the Fields: and as the Seedsof>
this Plant are sipe by the time of
Harvett, the Plant being cut with ~
the Wheat ; when that is threfhed >
out, the Seeds of the Melilot+
are intermixed with the Corn; fo*
that the Bread which is made with
the Flour hath a ftrong Tafte off
; the

+

|
i
;
4
-

m

ME

| the Melilot, than which nothing
_ ean be more difagreeable to a Perfon
_ who hath the leaft Tafte : and yet
this is the Cafe in whole Parifhes,
_ where the ignorant People are con-
_ tented to go on eating of thisBread,
| rather than takePains to deftroy this
| Plant, which might be dope in two
| or three Years, if they would care-
| fully weed it out, and fuffer no Plants
| to itand to produce Seeds.
| MELISSA,

The CharaGers are ;
it is a-verticillate Plant, with a
| dabiated Flower, confifting of oneLeaf,
| swhofe Upper-lip is roundifo, upright,
| and divided into two; but the Under-
| dip is cut into three Parts: out of
the Flower.cup rifes the Paintal,
ewwhich is attended, as it were, with
four Embryoes: thefe afterward turn
to fo many Seeds, which are roundifp,
land incls’d in the Flower-cup: to
| thefe Notes may be added, The Floew-
ers are produced from the Wings of
| the Leaves ; but are not whorkd
| quite round the Stalks.

The Species are ;

- 1. Metissa Aortenfis. C. B. P.
‘Garden Balm.

z. Mextssa hortenfis, foltis ex
\duteo variegatis. Garden Balm, with
yellow variegated Leaves.

3. Merissa Romana, molliter
birfuta SF graveolens. H. R. Par.
Stinking Roman Balm, with fofter
hairy Leaves.

There are fome other Species
of this Plant, which are preferved
in curious Gardens for Variety : bat
‘as shey are never cultivated for
Ufe, I fhall pafs them by without
naming. .

The firft of thefe Sorts is cultiva-
ted in Gardens for medicinal and
culinary Ufe : this is propagated
by parting the Roots, either in Spring
or Autumn, or by planting the Slips
about eight or ten Inches Di-

Vou. Zi.

¥

M E

ftance, inBeds about four Feet wide,

leaving a Path two Feet between the »

Beds, for the Conveniency of clean-
ing and watering them.

When they are firft planted, if
the Seafon proves dry, you muft

carefully water them untilthey have.

taken Root, otherwife they will be
fubjeét to decay ; but afterward
they will require no farther Care,
but only to keep them clear from
Weeds. At Michaelmas thefe Plants
fhould be tranfplanted where they
are to remain, at about two Feet
afunder. Thefe Plants fhould be
tran{planted and parted every other
Year,otherwife theirRoots will grow

fo large as to injure each other, and, .

for want of room, will rot and-de-
cay.

The variegated Sort makes a very
pretty Appearance in the Spring-fea-
fon, while the Leaves are young; but
afterward their Beauty goes off :
however, a few Plants ef this Sort
may be planted in large Borders for
Variety.

The third Sort is a Plant of no
great Beauty or Ufe ; but is prefery-
éd in feveral curious Gardens’ for
Variety. This is fomewhat ten-
derer than the other, and fhould

. havea dry Soil, and a warm Situa-

tion, otherwife it is fometimes de-
ftroyed in fevere Froits.

The two firft Sorts will grow in al-
moft anySoil orSituation; but the ftri-
ped Sort,fhould not have a rankSoil,
which would caufe it to grow vigo-
roufly, whereby the Beauty of its
variegated Leaves foon goes off.

MELISSA TURCICA. Fide
Dracocephalon.

MELO, Melon.

Ds. Linn<us has joined the Me/o,
Anguria, and Colocyythis, with the
Cucumis, making them only Species
of the fame Genus : but where the
Fruit is allowed as a characteriftic

KRk& Note,

ME
Note, thefe cannot be joined in the
fame Genus.

Of thefe he fuppofes but one Spe-
cies; for Inftance, all the Melons
are one; the Cucumbers but one ;
the Water-melons but one ; nor the
Bitter Gourd will he allow but one
Species : but, from many Years Ex-
perience, I have found, that there
are diftinét Species of each Genns ;
which will conftantly produce the
fame from Seeds : tho’ I allow, that
there are feveral accidental V arietiés
in each, which vary from Seed.

The Charafers are;

The Flower confifis of one Leaf,
avhich ts of the expanded Bell-/bape,
cut into feveral Segments, and exacily
like thofe of the Cucumber : fome of
thefe Flowers are barren, not adbering
to the Embryo: others are fruitful,
growing upon the Embryo, which is
afterward changed into a Fruit, for
the moft part of an oval Shape,
§Imooth or wrinkled, and divided into

_ three feminal Apartments, which feem
80 be cut into two Parts, and contain
many oblong Seeds.

The Species are;

1. Metro welgaris.
€ommon Mufk Melon.

2. MEto rotundus parvus.C.B.P,
Small round Mufk Melon, common-
hy called the Portugal or Pocket
Melon.

3. Meto reticulates. F. B. Net-

ted or wrought Melon.

4. MELO magnus, cortice utrente,
femine parvo. F. B. Greater Muik
Melon, with a fmooth green Skin,
and a-fmall Seed.

| 5. Meton Hifpanicus, cortice albo
intus rubente. White Spani/b Melon,
vulgo. BO mg

6. Meo cortice levi intus viren-
te. The green-flefh’d Melon, vu/-
10.

7. Meno corticetuserofus. C. B. P.
Fhe Cantaleupe Melon. :

CG. B. P.

-_

on i oe + in .
' ae .

» Melon with an hairy Skin.

8. Mexr6 axtumnalis, cortice afpes .
ro &F firumofo, dulci pulpa, Zatta
difus. Hort. Pif. The Zatta Me- —
lon. . |

9g. Mero cortice pilofo. C. B. P.

10. MELo Aybernus fuawis, cor-
tice flavo. ‘Hort. Pif. Winter .
Melon.

There are fome other Varieties,
which are mentioned in Botanic
Books, which are not cultivated for
their Fruit, but are preferved as Cu-
riofities in Botanic Gardens ; there-
fore I fhall not enumerate them heres
for of thofe here mentioned, there
are not above three, which are worth —
cultivating ; thefe are the fecond,
the feventh, and eighth Sorts.

The fecond Sort was many Years
known in the Exgl/> Gardens, by |
the Name of King Charles's Pocket
Mefon, being a {mall round Fruit z
it might have received that Name _
from that Prisices having carried one
in his Pocket. This came toExg/and”
from Portugal; but was neglected |
for many Years, I fyppofe from t i}
Fruit being fmall ; for moftGarden- }
ers value this Fruit forits Size, and”
not for the Flavour, efpecially thofe ;
who cultivate them for the Market)
fo that if a Melon is but very larg
if the Flefh is not eatable, they
efleem it; and this has occafioned
fo great Scarcity of thefe Fruits,
which are tolerable > for it is ne
only in England, but mot Parts of 7
Europe, that from the great Quanti® |
ty of thefe Fruits, which are ans
nually raifed, not one in an hune )F
dred of them are fit to eat; the ge
nerality of Gardeners coveting ta) |
fave the Seeds from the largeft Fruity) |F
without ary regard to theirGoodnefsy |F
The Seeds of this {mall Melon were
fince brought to Exgland from Pore
tugal, by General Dormer; theres)

|
!

t
.
| 3
|

oe
5

ME
‘fore fome People call the Melon by
his Name.

The feventh Sort is much prefera-
ble to all other; for when this is
properly managed, fcarce one in an

hundred of them is bad: this Sort
was brought from Armenia, on the
Confines near Perfia, where the
‘beft Melons in the World grow;
and there they are in general good,
as Dr. Tournefort in his Travels re-
lates: and thofe Melons never of-
fend the Stomach, but agree with all
Perfons; and caufe them to grow
fat, who feed upon them: and they
Bhave the fame Quality here ; for
Perfons who cannot bear the leatt
Piece of acommon Melon on their
Stomachs, can eat of thefe with Safe-
pty, asl have many times experien-
red. This Sort of Melon has been
long cultivated at Cantaleupe, a lit-
Ble Diftrit about ten Leagues from
Rome, where the Gardeners have
ee ty long famous for producing
mH
\

|

he beft Melons in Jtaly ; but of
mate Years thofe Gardeners have not
Been careful in the Choice .of their
‘eeds, whereby they have greatly
Mevenerated their Melons ; for if
Bneir Seeds are not collected from
“Mie beft Fruits, they will annually
Brow lefs delicate. The Dutch
“Mardeners are the moft curious at
“Wefent in the Cultivation of this
“Brait ; which paffes, all over Hol-
"Bnd, by the fimple Name of Cazra-
wpe, to diftinguifhit from ali other
yts of Melon: and they are fo
reful in preferving the Kind good,
|not to plant any other Sort of
elon, Cucumber, or Gourd, near
efe ; left, by the Impregnation of
> Farina of thofe other, thefe
uit fhould be rendered bad: and
this Particular, I am convinced
on long Experience, they are
ht: and from the no; obferving

5, many. Perfons who are Lovers
. .

ME

of thisFruit have graduallydiminifh-
ed their Goodnefs, without know-
ing the Caufe ; and have imputed it
to the long cultivating from Seeds
{faved in the fame Garden; believ-
ing i¢ abfolutely neceffary to pro-
cure Seeds from a diftant Place fre-
quently, to preferve them good :
indeed, where a Perfon can fecurely
depend on the Care and Skill of
thofe he procures the Seeds from,
it is a very good Method to ex-
change Seeds now-and-then: but
there are fo few who aré exaét in
making choice of the Fruits from
which they fave the Seeds, or careful
enough to doit themfelves, but often,
depend on others to clean the Seed,
that I fhould advife every one to da
it himfelf ; whichis the fure way to
have it good: fer I have frequent--
ly been deceived myfelf, by depend-

ing on the Fidelity and Skill of

others: nor could [ procure any of
thefe Seeds from Cantaleupe, which

were good, until my much honoured

Friend theChevalier Rathged fent me

plentifully of it from thence; tho’ I

had often been fupplied with Seeds

by Perfons who I thought could not

be deceived in their Choice, and

who lived near the Place of their

Growth.

The Zatta Melon is greatly
efteemed at Florence, and in fome
other Parts of daly. It is a {mall
Fruit, rather flat than round; the
two Ends being comprefled : the
Skin is rough, generally warted, and
deeply furrowed; the Flefh of a
red Colour 5 but feldom very thick;
fo that there is not much Meat in
one of thefe Melons: but as it is.
generally good, a few of them may
be cultivated for the fake of Varie-
ty; but the former is the Sor¢ [
would always prefer to every other.
~ As to all the other Sorts which-
are here mentioned, they are by no

Kkke mcans

ME

means to be put in Competition with
thefe : for whoever has eaten of the
Cantaleupe in Perfe&tion, will hardly
be brought to relifh any other ; fo
that I fhould not have mentioned
them here, but to prepare for the
Reception of thefe; and that it
might not be imputed to a Defect in
the Book.

Before I quit this Head, I beg
Leave to caution all Perfons againit
depending upon Seeds which are
brought from abroad, either by thofe
Perfons who import them for Sale,
or Gentlemen who frequently bring
or fend over thefe Seeds to their
Friends ; for it feldom happens,that
any of thefe prove tolerable. [
have been fo often deceived by thefe
myfelf, as to determine never to
make Trial of any of thefe Seeds
again, unlefs I receive them from a
Perfon who is fkilful, and who eat

ofthe Fruit himfelf, of which he
faved the Seeds: for in /ta/y, Spain,
Portuga/, and in many Parts of
France, the Gardeners are very
carelefs in the Choice of all their

Seeds ; but of the Melons they are
remarkably fo: and as for thofe
which come fromCon/lantinople, Alep~
po, and other Parts of Turzy, I have
rarely feen one M lon produced
from thofe Seeds, which was tolera-
ble.

The Seeds of Melons fhould not
be fown, until they are three Years
old; nor would I choofe to fow

them, when they are more than fix :
for altho’ they. will grow at ten or
twelve Years old, yet the Fruit
which are produced from thofe old
Seeds are feldom fo thick-fleth'd, as
_ thofe which come from Seeds which
are frefher: and it is the fame of
light Seeds, which fwim upon Wa-
ter, when they,are taken out of the
‘Pulp; for | have made fome Trials
of thefe, and have Lad them grow at

y

“ME its

three Years old: but not one of the
Melons produced on thefe Plants —
was near fo deep-flefhed, as thofe —
which grew upon Plants raifed from
heavy Seeds, taken out of the fame —
Fruit ; tho’ they grew in the fame
Bed, and were cultivated exactly in-
the fame mannér : nor was their.
Fleth fo firm, but rather inclining to |
be mealy : therefore I would not
advife the fowing of thefe light ~
Seeds, nor thofe which are very”
old. “
Having thus largely treated of
the Choice of the Sorts, and of t
Seeds, I fhall next proceed to th
Method of cultivating them, in order
to obtain plenty of good Fruit: the
Method which 1 am going to pre-
icribe, being very different oe
what has been conftantly practifed
in England, will, I doubt not, be
objected to by many ; but it is what
has been practifed in all the good
Gardens in Holland and German,
where the Canta/eupe Melon is pro-
duced in great Plenty and Perfection.
and from feveral Years Experience
I have found this to be the only Me-
thod in which thefe Melons can be
cultivated with Succefs : and I am
likewie convinced of its being the
beft way to obtain plenty of any
other Sort of Melon. |
It.is common to hear many Per
fons valuing themfelves upon having
two or three early Melons ; which
when brought to the Table, are ne
fo good asa Turnep: and thefe ar
procured at a great Expence, ani
with much Trouble: and in orde
to have them ripe a little earlie:
than they would come, if fuffere
to grow to their full Size, the Ster
upon which the Fruit grows, |
commonly twifted, to prevent th
Nourifhment entering’ the Frut
whereby the Growth is checked
then the Fruit is clofely covered

ME

s Mowings of Grafs, laid of a.

cient Depth to caute a Fermen-
tation ; by which the Fruit becomes
coloured : but as this unnatural Me-
thod is pradtifed, the Fruit hath little
Flefh; and that has nejther Moitt-
ure, Firmnefs, or Flavour: fo
that after four Months Attendance,
with a great Expence of Dung, Wc.
there may perhaps be three or four
Brace of Melons produced, which
are fitter for the Dunghil than the
Table: therefore my Advice i is, ne-
ver to attempt to have thefe Fruit
ripe earlier than the middle of Fuze,
» which is generally foon enough for
this Climate; and from that time to
the End of September, they may be
had in plenty, if they are fkilfully
managed: and when the Autumn
has contigued favourable, I have
had them very good in the middle
of Ofober.

But in order to continue this Fruit
fo long, the Seeds muft be fown at
two different Seafons ; or if at three,
it will be ftill better : the firft fhould
be fown about the middle of Fe-
bruary, if the Seafon proves for-
ward ; but if it is otherwife, it will
be better to defer it till the End of
that Month; fer the future Succefs
greatly depends on the raifing the
Plants in Strength ; which cannot be
fo well effe&ted, if the Weather

fhouid prove fo bad, after the Plants
are come up, as that a fufficient
Quantity ‘of frefh Air cannot be ad-
mitted to them ; therefore it is not
advifeable to be too early in fowing
the Seeds.

When the Seafon is come, thefe
Seeds may be fown on the Upper-
fide of a Cucumber-bed, where there
are any ; and if there are none, a
proper Quantity of new Horfe-dung

muft be provided, which muft be

- thrown in an Heap to ferment, and

turned over, that it may acquire an

;

M E

equal Heat, in the fame manner as
‘ hath been dire&ted for Cucumbers 3’

and the Plants muft be raifed and
managed in the fame manner as hath
been direéted for them, until they
are planted where they are to remain
for good : to which Article the Rea-
der sd defired to turn, to avoid Re-
petition.

The fecond Seafon for f fewing of
thefe Seeds is about the middle of
March; and both thefe Sowings muft
be underflood to be planted under
Frames; for thofe which are de-
figned for Beil or Hand-glaffes, or
to be cov ered with Oil- -papers,
fhould not be fown till about a Week
in 4pril; for when thefe are fown
earlier: if the Plants are. properly
managed, they will grow fo far, as
to extend their Shoots to the Sides of
the Glaffes, before it will be fafe to
Jet them run out; for it often hap-
pens in this Country, that we have
{harp morning Frofts in the middle
of May; fo that if the Ends of thefe
Vines are then without the Glaffes,
if they are not covered with Mats,
to guard them againft the Froft, they
will be in Danger of fuffering great-
ly therefrom: and, on the other
hand, if the Plants ‘have {pread fo
much as to fill the Glaffes, and are

not permitted to run out, they will .

be in equal Danger of fuffering by
their Confinement from the Sun, in
the Day-time: therefore it is, that
I fhould advife the putting of the
Seed in rather a little iater for the
Glaffe:, than thofe which are to be
covered with Oil papers: nor will
the times here mentioned be found
too late; for I have put the Seeds
of Cantaleupe Melons into an Hot-

bed the third of May, which were not —
tranfplanted, but remained where ~

they were fown, and covered with

oiled Paper ; and from this Bed I °

cut a‘large Crop of good Fruit,
KkE 3 which

S

yy

which ripened about the Middle of
Auguff, and continued till the End
of Ofsber : this I only mention, to
fhew what has, and may be done.
But we next come to the making
and preparing of the Beds, or, as
the Gardeners term it, the Ridges,
iato which the Plants are to’be put
out to remain: thefe fhould always
be placed in a warm Situation,
where they may be defended from
all cold and ftrong Winds ; for the
Eaft and North Winds are generally

very troublefome in the Spring of -

the Year; fothat if the Place is ex-
pofed to them, it will be difficult to
admit a proper Share of frefh Air to
the young Plants + and if it is much
expofed ta the South - weft Winds,
which often are very boifterous in
Summer and Autumn; thefe will
turn up and difplace the Vines,
whereby they will fuffer greatly;
therefore the beft Pofition for thefe
Beds is, where they are epen to the
South, or a little inclining. to the
Fait, and fheltered at a Diitance by
Trees from the other Points: this
Place fhould be inclofed with a good
Reed-fence ; which is better for this
Purpofe than any other Inclofure ;
becaufe the Winds are deadened by
the Reeds, and are not reverberated
back again, as they are by Walls,
Pales, or other clofe Fences: but in
making the Inclofure, it fhould be
extended to fuch Diflance every Way
from the Beds, as not to obftruét the
Sun’s Rays during any Part of the
Day : this fhould have a Door wide
enough to admit of Wheelbarrows
‘pafling, to carry in Dung, Earth,
é%c, And this fhould be kept locked,
that no Perfon fhould be allowed to
go in, but thofe who have Bufinefs :
for ignorant Perfons, having often
Curiofity to look into the Beds,
open the Glaffes, and let the cold
Air to the Plants; and frequently

ME

intruftedwith theCareof themisthere.

The next thing is the Preparation —

of the Barth for thefe Plants; in

which the Dutch and German Gar-

deners are very exact: the Mixture

which they generally prepare is of a

the following Sorts; of Hazel-loam,

one third Part; of the Scouring of

Ditches or Ponds a third Part; and

of very rotten Dung a third Part: 7

thefe are mixed up at leaft one Year,
and often two Years, before they
make ufe of it; frequently turning

it over, to incorporate their Parts, 7

and fweeten it: but the Compoft in

which I find thefe Plants fucceed beft q
in England, is Two-thirds of frefh 7

gentle Loam, and One-third of rot-

ten Neats-dung: if thefe are mixed

together one Year before it is want-

ed, fo as to have the Benefit of a
Winter’s Froft, and Summer’s Heat; 7)
obferving to turn it over often, and —

never fuffer Weeds to grow up-

on it; this will be found equal to é |

any other Compoft whatever.

As thefe Plants fucceed beft when a )

they are planted young, fo as foon as,

the Plants appear, there fhould be 7
a Quantity of new Dung thrown in, ©

an Heap, proportionable to the
Number of Lights intended ; allow-

ing about fifteen good Wheelbar-

rows full to each Light: this mutt

be two or three times turned over, ©

to prepare it (as hath been direéted

for Cucumbers), and in a Fortmght ©
_it will be fit for Ufe; at which ime
the Trench muft be dug to receive
the Dung, where the Bed is intend- ~
r 7 2 € es af ]

leave the Glaffes, in part, open ; or. |
fometimes, when they are raifed by _
the Gardener, to admit frefh Air, —
the Tilts are thrown down ; fo that —
“the Air is excluded: all which are ~
very injurious to the young Plants, —
as is alfo the handling of the Fruit, ~
after it isfet; therefore none fhouldbe ~
admitted,but when the Perfon whois

M E
ed: this muft be made rather wider

than the Frames, and in Length
‘proportional to the Number Of

Frames intended: as to the Depth,

| that muft be according as the Soil is

dry or wet; bat in.a dry Ground it
fhould not be lefs than a Foot, ora
Foot and an half, deep; for the
Jower thefe Beds are made, the bet-
ter they will fucceed, where there is
no Danger of their fuffering by Wet;
in the well laying and mixing of the
Dung, the fame Care muft be taken,
as hath been advifed already for
Cucumbers, which in every refpect
mnft be the fame for thefe Beds, ex-

| «epting that of making Holes in the

Dung, where the Plants are to be
placed, which fhould not be practifed
for Melons; but the Dung laid in

. every Part fmooth and even. When

the Bed js made, the Frames fhould
be placed over it, to keep out Wet;
but there fhould be no Earth laid
upon it, till after it has been three
or four Days made, and is found of
a proper Temperature of Heat: for
many times thefe Beds will heat fo
violently when they are firft made,
as to burn the Earth, if covered
with it: and when this happens, it
is much the beft way to take this
Earth off again ; for the Plants will
never thrive in it.

As foon as the Bed is found to be
of a proper Warmth, the Earth
fhould be Jaid upon it, which at firit
need not be more than two Inches
thick, except in the middle of each
Light, where the Plants are to be
placed, where there mufl be raifed
an Hill, fifteen Inches high or more,
terminating in a fat Cone: in two
Days after the Earth is put on the
Bed, it will be of a proper Temper
to receive the Plants: then in the
Evening you may tranfplant the
Plants ; ; but always do it when there
is ~— Wind flirring : in taking up

M BY
of the Plants, their Roots fhould be
carefully raifed with a Trowel, fo
fo as to preferve all their Fibres ; for
if thefe are broken off, the Plants
rarely take well; or if they reco-
ver, they are generally weaker, and
never make fa good Vines, as thofe
which are more carefully removed ;
for thefe Plants are more nice and
tender in tranfglanting, than thofe
of Cucumber, efpecially the Can-
talcupe Melon ; which if it is not °

lanted out, foon after the third (or
what the Gardeners call the rough) »
Leaf is put out, they are long re-
covering their Vigour; fo that when >
it happens, that the Beds cannot be
ready for them in time, it will bea
good Method to plant each Plant
into a {mall Pot, while they are
young ; and thefe may be plynged
into the Hot-bed, where they were
raifed,or into a Cucumber-bed,where
there is room; fo that they may be
brought forward: and when the
Bed is ready, thefe may be turned
out of the Pots, with the whole Ball
of Earth to their Roots; whereby
they will receive no Check in re-
moving: and this latter Method is
what I fhould prefer to any other
for the Cantaleupe; becaufe there
fhould never be more than one Plant
left to grow in each Light; there-
fore in this Method there will be no
Neceflity of planting more ; as there
will be no Danger of their fucceed-
ing ; whereas, in the common way,
moft People plant two or more Plants
in each Light, for fear fome fhould
mifcarry. When the Plants are
placed on the’Top of the fills, they
fhould be gently watered; which
fhould be repeated two or three times
in a Week; but ic muft be done
with great Moderation ; for when
they receive too much Wet, they of~
ten canker at the Root; and when
that happens, they never ae
Kkk 4

good Fruit. When the Plants have

eftablifhed themfelves well in the
new Beds, they will require little
more Water ; but there fhould bea
greater Quantity of Earth laid on
the Bed, beginning round the Hills
where the Plants grow, that their
Roots may have room to ftrike out:
and as the Earth is put in from time
to time, it muft be trodden or preffed
down as clofe as poffible ; and it
fhould be raifed at leaft a Foot and
an half thick upon the Dung, obferv-

ing alfo to raife the Frames, that the |

Glaffes may not be too near thePlants,
left the Sun fhould fcorch them.
When the Plants have gotten four
Leaves, the Top of the Plants fhould
be pinched off with the Finger and
- Thumb; but not bruifed, or cut with
a Knife ; becaufe in either of thefe
Cafes the Wound will not fo foon
heal over : this Pinching is to caufe
the Plants to put out lateral Branches;
for thefe are what will produce the
Fruit; therefore when there are two
or more of thefe lateral Shoots pro-
. duced, they muft alfo be pinched, to
force out more; and this muft be
prattifed often, that there may be a
Supply of Runners to cover the Bed:

the Management of thefe Beds muft’

be nearly the fame as hath been di-
reéted for the Cucumbers ; therefore
I need not repeat it here ; but fhall
only obferve, that the Melons re-
quire a greater Share of Air than
Cucumbers, and very little Water;
and when it is given to them, it
fhould be at a Diitance from their
Stems. :
If the Plants have fucceeded well,
they will fpread over the Bed, and
reach*to the Frames, in about’ five
-er fix Weeks ; at which time the
Alleys between the Beds fhould be
dug out; or where there is but one
Bed, there fhould bea Trench made
en. each Side, of about four Feet

that they were in the utmoft Vigour;

ME
wide, as low as the Bottom of the
Bed; and hot Dung wheeled in, to
rajfe a Lining to the fame Height as
the Dung of the Bed, which fhould
be trodden down clofe’; and after-
ward covered with the fame Earth
as was laid upon the Bed, to the
Thicknefs of a Foot and an half or

more, treading it down as clofe .

as poffible: this will add to the
Width of the Bed, fo much as to
make it in the Whole twelve Feet
broad, which is abfolutely neceffary ;
for the Roots of the Plants will ex-
tend themfelves quite thro’ it ; and
it is for want of this Precaution, that
it is common to fee the Vines of Me-
lons decay, before the Fruit is well
grown; for where there is no Addi-
tion made to the Width of the Bed,
the Roots will have reached the Sides
of the Beds by the time that the
Fruit appears ; and having no more
room to extend themfelves, their Ex-
tremities are dried by the Sun and
Air ; which is foon difcovered by the
Plants hanging their Leaves in the
Heat of the Day, which is foon at-
tended with a Decay of many of

‘thofe Leaves, which are near the ~

Stem ; and the Plants from that time
gradually languifh ; fo that the Fruit
cannot be fupplied with Nourifh-
ment; but when ripe, will be found
to have little Flefh, and that mealy
and ill-fiavour’d: whereas thofe
Plants which have fufficient Breadth
for their Roots to run, and the Earth
laid of a proper Depth, and clofely
trod down, will remain in Vigour ~
until the Froft deftroys them; fo
that I have had a fecond Cropof ~
Fruit. on them, which have fome- ~
times ripened well; but all the firft
were excellent, and of a larger Size
than thefe Sorts ufually grow: the
Leaves of thefe Plants were very
large, and of a ftrong Green; fo

whereas,

M E

whereas, in moft Places where the
Cantaleupe Melons have been raifed
in England, the Beds have been no
wider than they were firft made,
and perhaps no more than three
Inches Thicknefs of Earth upon
them ; fo that the Plants have decay-
ed many times without producing a
| fingle Fruit: and from thence Peo-
ple have imagined, that this Sort of
| Melon was too tender for this Cli-
mate, when their ill Succefs was in-
| tirely owing to their not underitand-
ing their Culture.

There is alfo another Advantage
| attending this Method of widening
| the Beds, as above directed ; which
| is that of adding a frefh Warmth to
| the Beds, by the hot Dung which is
| buried on each Side; which will
| caufe the Dung in the Bed to re-
| new its Heat: and as the Plants
| will by this time fhew their Fruit,
this additional Heat will be of great
| Service in fetting of the Fruit, ef+
pecially if the Seafon fhould prove

cold, as it often happens in this
) Country, in the Month of May.
) When the Beds are made up in the
manner here directed, and the Vines
| have extended fo far as to fill the
| Frames, and want more room, the
| Frames fhould be raifed up with

Bricks about three Inches high, to
) admit the Shoots of the Vines to
) run out from under them ; for if the
| Plants are ftrong, they will extend
fix or feven Feet each Way from
their Stems; for which Reafon I
caution every one to allow them
» yoom, and to put but one Plant in
| each Light ; for when the Vines are
» crouded, the Fruit feldom will fet
| well, but will drop off when they
are as large as an Egg; therefore
the Frames which are defigned for
Melons fhould not be made {mall.

There is no Part of Gardening, in
which the Practitioners of this Art

|
/
.

M E-
differ more, than-in the pruning
and managing of thefe Plants ; nor

are there any Rules laid down in the.
feveral Books in which the Culture

of Melons have been treated of, by. . :

which any Perfon can be inftructed ;
for there is fuch Inconfiftency ‘iin all
their Directions ; and what is worfe,
the greateft part of them are abfurd ;
fo that whoever follows them, can
never hope to fucceed : therefore I
fhall, in as few Words as poflible,
give fuch plain Direfions, as I hope. .
will be fufficient to initru&t any Per-
fon who is the leaft converfant in.
thefe Things.
I have before advifed the pinch-
ing off the Ends of the Plants as
foon as they have'a Joint, in or-, »
der to get lateral Shoots, which are
by the Gardeners called Runners;
and when thefe Shoots have two or
three Joints, to pinch off their Tops,
to force out more Runners ; becaufe
it is from thefe that the Fruit is to
be produced ; but after a fufficient
Number are put out, they fhould
not be ftopped again; but wait for
the Appearance of the Fruit, whick
will foon come out in plenty ; at
which time the Vines fhould be care-
fully looked over three times 2
Week, to obferve the Fruit, and
make choice of one upon each Run-
ner ; which is fituated neareft the
Stem; having the largeft Footftalk,
and that appears to be the ftrongeft
Fruit; and then pinch off all the
other Fruit which may appear upon
the fame Runner ; alfo pinch off the.
End of the Runner at the third Joint
above the Fruit ; and if the Runner
is gently pinched at the next Joint -

above the Fruit, it will ftop the
Sap, and fet the Fruit, The taking,
off all the other Fruit will prevent
the Nourifhment being drawn away.
from the Fruit intended to grow; -
which, if they were all left on the
Plant,

re IME
Plant, could not fupply them with
fuficient Nour\hment ; fo that when
they come to be as large as the End
of a Man’s Thumb, they all drop

. off, and fcarce one of them fets;

which will be prevented by the Me-
thod before direfted: but there are
fome Perfons, who are fo covetous
of having a Number of Fruit, as
not to fuffer any to be taken off;
whereby they generally fail in their
Expectation. My allowing but one
Fruit to be left upon each Runner
is, becaufe if half of thefe ftand,
there will be full as many Fruit as
the Plant can nourifh: for if there
are more than eight upon one Plant,
the Fruit will be fmall, and not fo
well nourifhed : indeed I have fome
times feen fifteen or twenty Melons
upon one Plant ; but thefe have ge-
nerally been of the fmaller Kinds,
which do not require fo much
Nourifhment as the Canta/eupe’s,
whofe Skins are of a thick Subftance;
fo that where a greater Number are
left of them, than the Plants can
well fupply, their Flefh will be re-
markably thin.

As I before advifed the ftopping,
or pinching off, the Runners three
Foints above the Fruit; fo by this
there will be frefh Runners produced
a little below the Places where the
others were pinched ; therefore it is,
that I advife the careful looking over

the Vines fo often, to ftop thefe new,

Runners foon after they come out ;
as alfo to pull off the young Fruit

‘which will appear; and this muft be

repeated as often as it is found ne-
ceffary, which will be until thofe in-
tended to ftand are grown {fo large
as to draw all the Nourifhment which
the Plants can fupply ; for then the
Plants will begin to abate of their
Vigour. Thefe few Directions, if

roperly made ufe of, is all the
Pritiing which is neceflary to be

ME

given them ; but at the. fame time

when this is practifed, it may be ne-

ceflary to give fome Water to the —

Plants, but at a Diftance from their
Stems ; which will be of Service to
fet the Fruit, and caufe it to fwell ;
but this muit be done with great
Caution.

The Glaffes of the Hot-bed fhould
alfo be raifed high, to admit a large
Share of Air to the Plants, otherwife
the Fruit will not fet: and if the
Seafon fhould prove very warm, the

_ Glafigs may be frequently drawn off,

efpecially in an Evening, to receive
the Dews, provided there is little
Wind ftirring ; but the Glaffes fhould
not remain off the whole Night, lef
the Cold fhould prove too great.
When the Plants have extended

“ themfelves from under the Frames, —

if the Weather fhould alter to Cold,
it will be neceffary to cover their

Iixtremities every Night with Mats; —

for if thefe Shoots are injured, it
will retard the Growth of the Fruit;

and often proves very injurious ta) —

the Plants: and now what Water is

given to the Plants, fhould be in the —

Alleys between the Beds; for as the
Roots of the Vines will by this time
have extended themfelves thro’ the

Alleys, fo when the Ground there —
is well moiftened, the Plants will re- .

ceive the Benefit of it: and by this”

Method the Stems of the Plants ~

will be preferved dry, whereby they

will continue found: but thefe Wa- —

terings fhould not be repeated of-
tener than once a Week in dry warm
Weather; and be fure'to give as.
much Air as poflible to the Plants,
when the Seafon is warm.

Having given full Inftrudtions for
the Management of thofe Melons,
which are raifed under Frames, I
fhall next proceed to treat-of thofe
which are raifed under Bell or
Hand-glafles, ‘The Plants for thefe

* - es ree
~ Se a ee
aS ie eS ee eee

eu
Rh

Sit

mut fe

M E

- muft be raifed in the fame manner

as hath been already directed; and
about the middle of pri/, if the
Seafon proves forward, will be a
good time to make the Beds : but if
the Seafon is cold, it had better be

+deferr’d fomewhat later: a fufficient
Quantity of hot Dung fhould be’

provided, in proportion to the Num-
ber of Glaties; allowing eight or
nine good Wheelbarrows of Dung
to each Glafs. If there is intended
but one Bed, which is propofed to
be extended in Length, the Trench

> fhould be dug out three Feet and an

half wide, and the Length accord-
ing to the Number of Glaffes, which
fhould not be placed nearer than five
Feet to each other from Middle to
Middle ; for when the Plants are too
hear each other, the Vines will in-
termix, and fill the Bed fo clofely,

) as to prevent the Fruit from fetting:
| in digging of the Trench, it fhould

be fo fituated, as to allow for the
Widening of the Bed~three or four
Feet on each Side ; the Depth muit
be according as the Soil is dry or
wet: but, as was before obferved, if
the Soilis fodry, as that there is no
Danger of the Beds being hurt by
the Wet, the lower they are made

| in the Ground the better: in the
| making of the Beds the fame re-
_ gard muift be had to the well-mixing
_ and laying of the Dung, as was be-
| fore directed: and after the Dung is
laid, there fhould be an Hill of
_ Earth raifed, where each Plant is to
| itand, one Foot and an half high:
| the Other Part of the Bed need not

as yet be covered more than four

Inches thick, which will be {ufficient

to keep the Warmth of the Dung

| from evaporating : then the Glaffes
_ Should be placed over the Hills, and
fet down clofe, in order to warm
| the Earth of the Hulls, to receive
| the Plants; and if the Beds work

\ t

ME
kindly, they will be in a: proper
‘Temperature to receive the Plants,
in two or three Days after making 5
then the Plants fhould be removed in
the fame manner as was before di-
rected : and if they are in Pots, fo
that there will be no Danger of their
growing, there fhould but one Plant
be put under each Glafs : and if they
are not in Pots, there fhould be
two; one of which may be after-
ward taken away, if they both grow:
thefe Plants muft be watered and
fhaded every Day, until they have
taken Root : and if the Nights prove
cold, it will be proper to cover the
Glaffes with Mats, to preferve the
Warmth of the Bed.

Where there are feveral of the
Beds intended, they fhould be placed
at eight Feet Diftance from each
other, that there may be a proper
Space left between them, to be af-
terward filled up, for the Roots of
the Vines to have room for extends
ing themfelves, for the Reafons be-
fore given.

When the Plants have taken good
Root in the Beds, their Tops muft
be pinched off; and their Pruning,
&¥c. mult, from time to time, be the
fame as for thofe under the Frames:
in the Day-time when the Weather
is warm, the Glaffes thould be raifed
on the oppofite Side to the Wind, to
admit frefh Air to the Plants; for
where this is not obferved, they will
draw up weak and fickly : therefore
all poflible Care fhould be taken, to
prevent this; for if the Runners
have not proper Strength, they can
never fupply the Fruit with Nourthh-
ment.

When the Plants are grown fo.
long as to reach the Sides of the
Glaffes, if the Weather proves fa-
vourable, the Glaffes muft be fet up
on three Bricks, fo as to raife them
about two Inches from the Surface

‘

> in — a aed

M E
of the Beds, to give room for the
Vines to run out from under them:
But when this is done, the Beds
fhould be covered all over with
Earth to the Depth of one Foot and
an half, and trod down as clofe as
poffible: and if the Nights fhould
prove cold,’there fhould be a Co-
vering of Mats put over the Beds, to
prevent the Cold from injuring the
tender Shoots of the Vines : but as
the Vines of the Cantaleupe Melons

are impatient of Wet, it will bene- ©

ceffary to arch the Beds over with
Hoops, to fupport the Mats, that
they may be ready for covering at
all times when they require it;
which is the only fure Method to

_ have thefe Melons fucceed in Eng-

dand, where the Weather is fo very
uncertain and variable; for I have
had fome Beds of thefe Melons in
as fine Order under thefe Glaffes as
could be defired, which were to-
tally deftroyed by one Day’s heavy
Rain in June.

After the Thicknefs of Earth is
faid upon the Beds, if the Weather
fhould prove cold, it will be advife-
able to dig Trenches on each Side of
the Beds, into which you fhould lay
a fufficient Quantity of hot Dung,
to make it the fame Thicknefs with
the Bed, after the manner before di-
refted for the Frames; or if you
have a fufficient Quantity of hot
Dung ready, the whole Space be-
tween the Beds may be dug out, and
filled up with the Dung, laying
thereon the Earth a Foot and an half
deep, treading it down clofe: this
new Dung will add a frefh Warmth
to the Beds, and caufe the Plants to
fhew Fruit foon after.

The Watering of thefe Plants muf
be done with great Caution, and
not given to their Stems; the pinch-
ing of the Runners muft alfo be duly
attended to; as alfo the pulling of

ie pes .
all fuperfluous Fruit, to encourage _
thofe which are defigned to remain;

and, in fhort, every thing before di- ie
reCted for thofe under Frames mult
lukewife be obferved for thefe ; and es

the farther Care is, to cover them in
all hard Rains, and cold Nights, with . ~
Mats ; which if performed with Care,
there will be little Danger of their
mifcarrying; and thefe Vines will
remain vigorous until the Cold in
Autumn deftroys them.

There have been many Perfons,
who of late Years have raifed their
Melons under oiled Paper; andin —
many Places they have fucceeded a
well; but where this is praétifed,
there muft be great Care taken not
to keep thefe Coverings too clofe
over them; for where that is done,
the Vines will draw very weak, and —
rarely fet their Fruit in any Plenty;
therefore where thefe Coverings are —
propofed to be ufed, I fhould ad- ~
vife the bringing up of the Plants —
under Hand or Bell-glaffes, in the ©
manner before directed, until they —
are grown far enough to be let out ~
from under the Glaffes; and then, —
inftead of the Covering with Mats, ©
to put over the oiled Paper: and if ©
this Covering is prudently managed, ~
it will be the beft that can be ufed:
the beft Sort of Paper for this Pur- —
pofe is that which is ftrong, and not ©
of too dark Colour; and it fhould ~
be done over with Linfeed -oil, —
which will dry foon. There fhould ~
be a proportionable Number of
the Sheets of this Paper pafted to- —
gether, as will fpread to the Dimen-
fions of the Frame to which itisto ©
be faftened ; and if thisis fixed to ©
the Frame, before the Oil is rubbed
over it, fo much the better: but
this fhould be done fo long before”
they are ufed, as that the Oil maybe
thoroughly dry, and the Stench goné
off, otherwile ut will deftroythe Plants.
6 There

ME

There are fome Perfons, who
make thefe Frames of broad Hoops,
in Imitation of the Covers of Wag-
gons: but as thefe are cumberfome
to move, and there are no Conve-
niencies for admitting Air to the
lants, but by raifing the whole
Frame on one Side, I prefer thofe
made of Pantile-laths, fram’d like a
Ridge of an Houfe ; and each Slope,
having Hinges, may be raifed at
Pleafure to admit the Air to thePlants.
The farther Management of the
Melons, after their Fruit is fet, is
to keep pulling off all the fuper-
fluous Fruit, and to pinch of all
weak Runners, which may draw
away Part of the Nourifhment from
the Fruit ; as alfo to turn the Fruit
gently twice a Week, that each Side
may have equal Benefit of the Sun
and Air: for when they are fuffer’d
to lie with the fame Side conftantly
to the Ground, that Side will be-
come of a pale or whitifh Colour,
as if it were blanched, for want of
the Advantages of the Sun and Air.
The Plants will require a little Wa-
ter in very dry Weather ; but this
fhould be given them in the Alleys,
at a Diftance from the Stems of the
Plants, and not oftener than oncea
Week ; at which times the Ground
fhould be well foaked in the Alleys.
This will encourage the Growth of
Fruit, and caufe the Flefh to be thick;
but the great Caution which is ne-
ceflary to beobferved, is, not to over-
water the Plants, which is a certain
Injury to them: alfo be fure to give
as much free Air as poffible, at all
times, when the Weather will per-
mit; for this is abfolutely neceflary

to render the Fruit good.
When the Fruit is fully grown,
they muft be duly watched to cut
them at a proper time; for*if they
are left a few Hours too long upon

* the Vines, they will lofe much of

~

ME

their Delicacy; therefore they fhould
be looked over at leaft twice every
Day ; and if thofe Fruit which are
intended for the Table, are cut early
in the Morning, before the Sun has
warmed them, they will be much
better flavour’d: but if any fhould
require to be cut afterward, they
fhould be put into cold Spring-wa-
ter, or Ice, to cool them, before
they are brought to the Table; and
thofe cut in the Morning fhould be
kept in the cooleft Place till they are -
ferved up to the Table.
of this Fruit’s Maturity is, that of its
beginning to crack near the Foot-
fialk and its beginning to fmell, which
never fail: for as thefe Cantaleupe
Melons feldom change their Colour
until they are too ripe, that fhould
never be waited for.

In faving of the Seeds, I need not
repeat here, that only fuch fhould
be regarded, as are taken from the
firmeft Fruit, and thofe which have
the higheft Flavour ; and if thefe
are taken out with the Pulp intire,
without difplacing the Seeds, and
faffered to remain in the Pulp twe or
three Days before it is wafhed out,
the better; and then to preferve on-
ly the heavy Seeds, which fink in
the Water.

MELOCACTUS.

MELOCARDUUS.

Vide Ca&us. »
‘tde Cac-
tus. |
MELOCHIA. Vide Corchorus.
MELON. Vide Melo.
MELONGENA, Mad-apple.

The Chara&ers are ; i
The Flower confifis of one Leaf, —
Jeaped likea Wheel, and cut into many
Segments: from the Flower-cup arifes
the Ovary, which becomes. a flefhy
Fruit, full of kidney-foap'd Seeds.

Dr. Linneus has joined this Genus
of Plants with the Lycoperficon to his
Genus of Solanum: but thefe fhould
be feparated, if we will allow the —

Fruit

The Sign.

M E
Fruit to be taken for a Character
to the Genus.
| The Species are ;

‘a. Metoncena fra&u oblongo
wiolaceo. Tourn. Mad apple with an
oblong violet-colour’d Fruit.

2. Metoncena /rudu oblongo al-
bo. Tourn, Mad-apple with an oblong
white Fruit.

3. MELONGENA /pincfa, frudu ro-
tunda croceo. Tourn. Prickly Mad-
apple, witha round faitron-colour‘d
Fruit.

4. MELONGENA /frudfu rotundo,
cum fpinis violaceis. Tourn. Mad-
apple, with a round Fruit, and vio-

Jet-colour’d Prickles,

Of late, fome Perfons who were
ignorant of the true Name of this
Plant, have given it that of the Ege-
plant, from a Refemblance which
fome of thefe Fruit bear to Eggs;
buat this is confufing People.

There are feveral other Varieties
of this Plant, which differ in the
Size, Form, or Colour of the Fruit,

- or in the Shape of their Leaves ; but

thofe here mention’d are all that I
have obferv’din the Exg/i/h Gardens.

Thefe Plantsare greatly cultivated
in the Gardens of Italy, Spain, and
Barbary; in which Places the Inha-
bitants eat the Fruit of them boil’d
with fat Flefh, putting thereto fome
ferap’d Cheefe, which they preferve
in Vinegar, Honey, or falt Pickle,
all Winter, to provoke a venereal
Appetite : but in Summer, when the

, Fruit is juft ripe, they ufually gather

them, and make them up into Pud-
dens with feveral Sorts of Spices,
and other Ingredients: which Dith
the Italians are very fond of.

The Italians call this Fruit Melan-
zana, from the antient Latin Name
of Malainfana; by which it is by
many Authors ftiled. The Turks
call it Badanjan , and in fome Eng-
lijb Books it is titled Brown Fobns ;

M E.
probably from a Corruption of the
Turkifs Name. By fome it has been
called Brown Folly, and Baron Felly,
from the fame Corruption.

They are propagated by Seeds,
which muft be fown upon a mode-
rate Hot-bed in March ; and when
the Plants come up, they muft be
tranfplanted into another Hot-bed
about four Inches afunder, obferv-
ing to water and fhade them until
they have taken Root: after which
you muft give them a great Share of

‘Air when the Weather is warm,

otherwife they will draw up very
weak. They muft alfo be frequent-
ly water’d, without which they will
make but a very indifferent Pro-
grefs: but when they are grown fo
firong as to fill the Frame (which
will be by the middle of May ), you
muft tranfplant them out into a rich
Spot of Ground at two Feet Di-
ftance; obferving to- preferve as
much Earth to the Roots as poflible
when youtake them up, otherwife
they are fubje&t to mifcarty. You
muft obferve to water them plenti-
fully until they have taken Root ;
after which they will require but
very little Care more than to keep
them clear from Weeds, and in very
dry Weather to give themfome Water.

About the middle of Fue the
Fruit will appear; at which time, if

the Weather be very dry, you muft-

often water them; which will caufe
the Fruit to’ grow very large, and
increafe their Number: toward the
latter End of Fudy their Fruit will
ripen: when you mutt preferve the
Seeds of each Kind feparate.

Thefe Piants are only preferv’d-as
Curiofities in the Exg/i// Gardens,
the Fruit being never us’d in this
Country, except by fome Italians
or Spaniards, who have been ac-

cuftom’d to eat of themintheirown -

Countries. . marl, s
MELO-

ME

_» MELOPEPO, The Squafh.
The Chara@ers are ;

_ It hath the wskole Appearance of a

Pompion or Gourd; from which this

differs in its Fruit ; which is roundifo,

fefhy, fireaked, angular, and, for the

+ moft part, divided into five Partitions,

inclofing flat Seeds adhering to a

fpingy Placenta.

The Species are 5

1. Metorero compreffus.C. B. P..

The common or flat Squafh.

2. Merorero frudéu maximo al-

bo. Tourn. The large white Squafh,
commonly call’d The white flat
Pompion,

3. Mevorero fru&e citriformt.
Tourn. The citron-fhaped Squath,

4. MeLopero vwerrucofus. Tourn.
The warted Squafh.

-5. MeLorero werrucofus, frudu
— & femine albis. Tourn. Warted
Squath, with white Fruit and Seed.

6. Me.torero flavefcens, folio
e/pero. Tourn. Yellowifh Squash,
with a rough Leaf.

There are feveral other Varieties
of this Plant in the Wef-{ndies,
_ where they greatly abound, moft of
which are feminal Variations, and
feldom continue long to produce the
fame Kinds from Seeds; at leait
with us they never continue three
Years together the fame, but vary
| moft extraordinarily : for the Seeds
fav’d from fuch Plants which grew
upright, and did not produce Run-
ners (as the more ordinary Sorts)
the fucceeding Year, were as luxu-
riant as any of the other Kinds;
and the Fruit was of a different
Shape from thofe which the Seeds
were taken from.

Thefe are all propagated by fow-
ang their Seeds in /pri/ upon a
_ moderate Hot-bed;\and when the
Plants come up, they fhould have a
great Share of Air, ocherwife they
will draw up fo weak, as to be good

ME
for little:. you muft alfo gently re.
frefh them with Water, as you fhall
find they require it. In May they
muft be tran{planted out where they
are defigned to remain (which in
England is moft.commonly upon old
Dunghils, over which the Vines will
fpread, and produce a great Quan-
tity of Fruit). If you plant them in an
open Spot of Ground, you fhould
dig Holes at the Diftance of 14 Feet
{quare;~ into each of which you
fhould lay 2 or 3 Wheelbarrows of
hot Dung, making an Hollow in
the Middle to receive the Plants,
which muft be fill’d with good rich
Earth; then cover the Dung all

over, Top and Sides, with the °

Earth that came out of the Hole,

placing a Glafs over the Middle ; in '

which manner it fhould remain un-
til the Earth in the Holes begins to
warm (which is commonly in twen-
ty-four Hours after making) ; wher
you muft take the Plants up out of the
Seed-bed, and plant two of them
into each Hole ; obferving to water
and fhadethem until they have taken
Root : after which you muftlet them
have a free Air ; and when they be-
gin to fend forth their Shoots, if
both Plants have taken, one of
them muft be pulled out; and you
muft take off the Glaffes, and _per-
mit them torun; obferving only to
clear them from Weeds, and in very
dry Weather to refrefh them now-
and-then with a little Water.

In Fuly thefe Plants will produce
a great Quantity of Fruit, which
fome People are very fond of: thefe
they gather while young, and boit
them with Meat initead of Turneps <
but notwithitanding what fome Per-
fons have advanc’d con¢erning the
Goodnefs of this Fruit, yet, from
feveral Trials which [ have made, £
could not bring my Palate -to relith

them; for they have .a very great

Flatulency

ME

#iatulency in their Tafte, which is

agreeable to very few Perfons : but
in the We/t-Indies, where there is a
Scarcity of Garden Roots and Plants,
thefe, and many other Sorts, are
efteemed Delicacies.

MELONRY, or MELON-
GROUND, is an Apartment in
the Kitchen-garden for the Propas
gation of Melons.

The Spot of Ground fhould be
open to the South-eaft Sun; but

fhelter’'d from the Weft, North-
weit, and North-eaft Winds, by
Walls, Pales, or Hedges : it fhould
alfo be upon a dry Soil; for nothing
is more injurious to thefe Plants than
much Wet: and in the Spring it
often proves very wet Weather ;
when, if the Soil be very wet, there
will be no making the Ridges until
it is very late. You fhould alfo con-
trive to place it as near to the Dung
as poffible, which will fave a great
deal of Labour in wheeling the
Dung ; and, if you can havea Pond
of Water near it, this, in very dry
Weather, will be very ufeful to water
the Melons.

As to the Size of the Ground,
that muft be proportion’d to the
Quantity of Ridges intended ; which
you may eafily calculate by allow-
ing eleven Feet Breadth for every
Ridge, and the Holes plac’d at
about five Feet afunder; but it is
the beft Way to allow room enough
where you are not fireighten’d for

if.

This Ground fhould be inclos’d
with a Reed-fence, and kept con-
ftantly lock’d up during the ume
that the Melons are growing ; for if
they are expos’d to every Perfon that
walks in the Garden (moft of whom
have a Curiofity to handle the Vines,
and look after the Fruit), it wil be
of jil Confequence; nothing being
more injurious to thefe Plants than

frequent tumbling or difturbing their

Leaves.
The common Praétice - in moft

Gentlemens Gardens is, to inclofe-

a Spot of Ground either with Walls
or Pales, which they conftantly ap-

_ propriate to this Purpofe: but this is

by no means a good Method ; for it
rarely happens that thefe fucceed

~ ome

.

well longer than two Years in the |

fame Place, unlefs the Soil be re-

moved, and frefh brought in, which _

is very expenfive ; therefore the beft
Way is, to have a fufficient Parcel

of Reeds made into Panels, which :
may be annually moved from Place _

to Place ; fo that you need-not con-
tinue your Ridges longer than one
Year in the fame Place. And if you
have a Piece of Ground which is
large enough to divide into four fuch
Places, the Fence may be every

Year remov’d forward till theWhole —

has been occupy’d ; after which you
may return to the Spot. where you

_ began, which, by that time, will be

as good as frefh Earth.: and hereby,
without much Trouble, you may ré-
move them every Year; for as one

of the Sides will remain unremov’d —
every time the Fence is carried for-
ward, the Labour will not be fe —
great as if it were wholly remov’d —
to fome Diftance ; and thefe Reed- —
fences are much preferable to either _

Walls or Pales for this Purpofe.
MELOTHRIA.
The Chara&ers are:

The Empalement of the Flower is

of one Leaf, bell-foap a, and cut flight-
ly at the Brim into five Parts ; this
refis upon the Embryo: the Floaver is

of one Leaf, wheel-~oaped, having a

Tube the Length of the Empalement :
in the Centre of the Flower is fitua-
ted the Pointal, fupporting @ cylindri-
cal Style, attended by three conical
Stamina, which are inferted in the

Tube of the Flower, and are extended —

to whe

‘or

x
ine.
ib

ME

to the fame Length: the Pointal
afterward becomes an oval fmall
Berry, having three Divifions, in
which are lodged {mall flat Seeds.
We have but one Species of this
Plant ; wiz.
Me tornueia. Lin. Hort. Chf.
Small creeping Cucumber, wu/go.
This Plant grows wild in the
Woods in Carolina, Virginia, and
alfoin many of the Iflands in Ameri-
¢a: it creeps upon the Ground, with
flender Vines, having angular Leave:,
fomewhat refembling thofe of the
Melon ; but much {maller. Thefe
Vines ftrike out Roots at every Joint,
which. faften themfelves into the
Ground, and thereby a larger Share
of Nourifhment is drawn to the
_ Plants ; by’which means theirVines
extend to a great Diftance each
Way, and clofely cover the Ground.
The Flowets are very fmall, in Shape.
_ like thofe of the Melon, and of a
pale-fulphur Colour. The Fruit, in
the Wefi-Indies, grows to the Size
_ of a Pea, of an oval Figure, and
changes black when ripe: thele are
_ by the Inhabitants fometimes pickled
when they are green.

In England the Fruit are much
f{maller, and tis fo hidden by the
_ Leaves, as to render it difficult to
find them. The Plants will not grow
inthe open Air here, but muit be
_fown upon an Hot-bed; and if they
@re permitted, will foon fpread over
the Surface of a large Bed ; and when
the Rruit is ripe, if they fcatter their
Seeds, the Plants will come up where
the Earth happens to be ufed on an
Hot-bed again ; and if they are fup-
plied with Water, will require no
farther Care. This Plant is in fome
Gardens preferved for the fake of
Variety; but is of no UF.
MENISPERMUM, Moonfeed.
"The-Chara&ers are ;
dt bath @ rofacecus Flower, com

Vou. i.

/

ae

Siping of feveral /mall Leaves, whieh

are plated round the Embryo in a cir-
cular Order: the Pointal, which is
divided into three Parts at the Top,
afteravard becomes the Fruit or Berry,
in which is included one flat Seed,
which is, when ripe, holloaved like
the Appearance of the Moon.
The Species are;

1, MENISPERMUM Canadenfe
Seandens, hederaceo folio. Acad. Reg.
Scien. 1706, Climbing Canady Moon-
feed, with an Ivy-leaf.

z. MeNnIsPERMUM Canadenfe
Scandens, umbilicato folio. Acad. Reg.

Scien. 1706. Climbing Canady
Moonfeed, with an umbilicated
Leaf.

3. Menispermum folio A-dera- |

ceo. Hort. Elth. Ivy-leav’d Moon-
feed.

The firft and fecond Sorts have
been long Inhabitants of the Euro-
pean Gardens. Thefe produce flexi-
ble woody Shoots from their Roots,
which twift round whatever Plants
ftand near them, and will grow to
the Height of ten or twelve Feet,
and produce their Flowers in Au-
tumn; but they rarely perfect their
Seed in this Country.

Thefe Plants are Natives of Vir-
ginia, and moft of the Northern
Parts of America, from whence they
were many Years fince brought into
Europe, and were preferved in the
Green-houfes in Winter, as tender
Piants; but of late Years they have
been planted in the full Grovnd,

where they endure the Wintr's

Coid extremely well without any
Shelter. They maybe eafily propa-
gated by the Suckers, which are
produced in plenty from their Roots:
thefe fhould be taken off with fome
Fibres adhering to them, in the
Spring, before the Plants make new
Shoots ; and may-be planted where
they are defigned toremajn; obdferv-
Lil Ae J

ing

a ot 2

i; ME

ing to water ‘them, if the Seafon
fhould prove dry, until they have

taken Root}; after which time they
will require no farther Care, but to
keep them clear from Weeds, and
to fupport them with Stakes, unlefs
they are planted near Trees, round
which they, may falten themfelves ;
for if they trail on the Ground,

they will not thrive,

The third Sort was brought from
Carolina by Mr. Cate/foy. This is a
Plant of humbler Growth than either
ef the former, feldom rifing above
four or five Feet high in this Coun-
try, and the Stems do not become
woody : the Leaves are alfo much
finaller than ‘either of the other

Sorts. This Plant will endure the
Cold of ordinary Winters very well
in the open Air, provided it is plant-

ed in a warm Soil, and a fheltered.

Situation. It may be propagated

by Suckers from the Root, as the

two former Sorts, which are aifo
’ produced in as great Plenty.

The two former Sorts were by
Dr. Plukenet
Tvies, from fome Sheifirnde in the
outward Appearance of the Plants
to the Ivy : fo, from his Name, they
were commonly called in the Gar-
dens, Ivy with a Bind-weed-leaf.

MENTHA, Mint.

The Charafers are;

Ut is averticillate Plant, with a
' fabiated Flower confifting of one Leaf,
. xvbofe Upper. lip is arched, and the

Wuder-lip is divided intothree Parts;
but both of them are fo cut, that the
Flower feems to be divided into four
Parts, the too Lips fearcely ct pear-
ing : thefe Floavers are collected inte
thick Whorles in Jome Species 3 but in
athers they ‘grow in a Spike; each
Bhoawtr having four Seeds fucceeding
it, which are inclosd in the Flower-
cups to usbich may be added, Irbath
aor api" Raots and the whole Plant

ranged among the’

-which are Natives of England; but

ME
has a: firong aromatic or balfumic
Scent.

The Species are ;
Mentua anguflifoha uicase.
'®. P. Common {fpik’d Mint,
otoally call’d Spear-mint.

2. Mentua /picis brevioribus &
habitioribus, Solis menthe fufcae,
Japore fervido piperis. Raii Syn. Pep-
per-mint

3. Mentua /jlwefiris, folio longi-
ore. C. B. P. Long-leav’d Horfe-
mint, or Mentafirum. |

4. Mentua arven/is verticillata
hirfuta. F. B. Water-mint with
whorled Coronets, commonly call’d
Water-calamint.

Menraa aquatica feu Sifym-
heise, J: Be Wass ine "

6. Menrua Sifymbrium dia,
hirfuta, glomerulis ac foliis minoribus —
ac rotundioribus. Raii § Lat Orange-
mint.

7. Msntua /picata, Solio Variee=
gato. C. B. P. Spear. mint with a
‘variegated Leaf. f

8. Mrenrua vatundifalia paluftris,
feu aquatica major, folio variegate.
Tourn. The great round-leav’d Wa- |
ter-mint, with a variegated Leaf. —

g. MenTHa anguflifoiia Spicata
glabra, folio rugefore, odore graviore,
Raitt Syn. Spear-mint with a rugged
Leaf, and ftrong Scent.

» io. Mentra Chalepenfis angel
foke, raro forens, Boerh. Ind. Nax=
row-leav’d Aleppo Mint, which rare=
ly flowers.

There are feveral other Sorts oi
Mint, which are prefer¢’d in fome
curious Botanic Gardens, many 0

as they are not cultivated for Ule, Fy
fhall omit them in this Place; thoft
ebove-mention’d being the Sorts
which are commonly propagated for oF
Kitchen or Medicinal Utes.

-The firft Sort is the molt commor
ly cultivated in the Englife Garde

ME

4oth for the Ufe of the Kitchen and
Medicine; but the fecond Sort -is
by fome greatly efteem’d for its
Heat, to make a fimple Water:
this, at prefent, is not very common
in the Gardens ; but has been found
growing wild in feveral Parts of
England. Thg third Sort is alfo us’d
in Medicine; but is rarely cultiva-
ted in Gardens, being found in
great Plenty in feveral Places near
London. 'The fourth and fifth Sorts
are very common bythe Sides of the
Ponds, and on moitt Soils, in divers
Parts of England; and are rarely
cultivated in Gardens: thefe are
both ufed in Medicine; but the

he Fields. The feventh and eighth
orts are preferv’d in Gardens, for
he Beauty of their variegated Leaves ;
s are the ninth and tenth Sorts, for
heir Oddnefs; the one having
url’d Leaves, and the other being
ery white; but feldom produce
lowers in England.

All the Sorts of Mint are eafily
ropagated by parting the Roots in
ne Spring, or by planting Cuttings
uring any of the Summer-months;
ut fhould have a moift Soil; and
ter planting, if the Seafon fhould
ove dry, they muft be often wa-
*d, until they have taken Root ;
ter which, they will require no
ther Care but only to keep them
ear from Weeds: they ‘fhould be
anted in Beds about four Feet
ide, allowing a Path two Feet
de, to go between the Beds to
ter, weed, and cut the Plants.
e Diftance they fhould be fet is
out four or five Inches, or more,
aufe they f{pread very much at
ir Roots ; for which Reafon, the
s fhould not ftand longer than
ee Years before you plant frefh ;
by that time the Roots will be

arkets are fupply’d with them from |

tted fo clofely, as te rot and de-

. ME |
cay each other, if permitted to Rand
longer. There are fome People who
are very fond of Mint-fallad in Win- °
ter and Spring: in order to obtain
which, they take up the Roots be-
fore Chrifimas, and plant them up-
on a moderate Hot-bed pretty clofe,
covering them with fine Earth about
an Inch thick; and cover the Bed
either with Mats, or Frames of
Glafs. In thefe Beds the Mint will
come up in a Month’s time, and be
foon fit to cut for that Purpofe.

When the Herb is cut for medi-
cinal Ufe, it fhould be done in a
very dry Seafon, juft when it is in
Flower; for if it ftand longer, it
will not be near fo handfome, nor
fo well-tafted ; and if it be cut when
it is wet, it will change black, and
be little worth: this fhould be hung
up to dry in a fhady Place, where it

if the Soil be good in which thefe
Plants are to be fet, they will afford
three Crops every Spring: ‘but after
Fuly they feldom prove good ; there-
fore what Shoots are produc’d after
that time, fhould be permitted to
remain till Michaelmas, when you
muft cut them down clofe ; and after
having cleard the Beds from Weeds,
you fhould fpread a little fine rich
Earth all over them, which will
greatly encourage the Roots againft ~
the fucceeding Spring.

MENTHA CATARIA. Vid
Cataria. ,

MENTZELIA.

The CharaGers are;

St hath a rofe-fbaped Flower, con-
fifting of feveral Leaves, which are
placed in. a circular Order, and réft
on the Flower-cup: swhich afterward

‘becomes a membranaceous tubulous

Fruit, containing many {mall Seeds.
We know but one Specizs of thi$
Plant at prefent; wz. :
Msntzevia fois & frufilus
ere Se : a@jperis. °

, -

M E |
afperis. Plum. Nov..Gen. Mentzelia
with rough Leaves and Fruit.

The Name was given to this Plant
by Father P/umier, who difcovered
itin the French Settlements in Ame-
vica, in Honour to Dr. Mentzxclius,
who was Phyfician to the Elector of
Brandenburgh ; and who publith’d
an Index of Plants in Latin, Grees,
and High- Dutch.

This Plant grows plentifully in
the Ifland of Zamaica, from whence

the Seeds were fent to England by ©

the late Dr. William Heuftoun ;
which have fueceeded in the Phyfic-
garden at Chelfea.

It is an annual Plant, which peri-
fhes foon after the Seeds are ripe ;
therefore muft be fown on an Hot-
bed early in the Spring, that the
Plants may be brought forward ear-
ly in the Seafon ; otherwife they
will not produce ripe Seed in this
Country. When the Plants are come
up about an Inch high, they fhould
be each tranfplanted into a feparate

~ Halfpeny Pot filled with light rich

Farth, and plunged into an Hot-bed
of Tauners Bark ; being careful to
fhade them from the Sun until they
have taken new Root ; after which
time they muft be conftantly water-
-ed every other Day in warm Wea-

. ther, and fhould have frefh Air every

Day admitted to them, in propor-
, tion to the Warmth of theSeafon,and
the Heat of the Bed in which they
are plunged. In about fix Weeks
or two Months after tranfplanting,
if the Plants have made a good Pro.
grefs, they will have filled the Pots
with their Roots ; when they fhould
be fhifted into larger Pots, which
miuft be filled with light rich Earth,
and then plunged into the Bark -bed
_in the ‘Stove, that they may have
room to grow in Height ; obferving,
as before, to water them duly; as
alfo to acmit frefh Air te them every

| ent Plants: the Flowers of the Male

1 ee

Day in warm Weather : with this
Management the Plants will rife to
the Height of three Feet, and will
produce ripe Seeds the Latter-end of
Auguf?, or the Beginning of Septem-
ber. ‘Thefe Plants are clofely befet
all over with fmall crooked Spines,
by which they will faften themfelves
to whatever touches them fo ftrong-
ly, that, by a Perfon’s going near
them, they will ftick to the Cloaths,
and the Branches of the Plant will
feparate, and adhere to them, in like
manner as the Seeds of Clivers or
Goofegrafs.

MENYANTHES, is Trifolium
Paluftre, or Bogbean.
This Plant is common upon bog-
gy Places in divers Parts of England;
but is never cultivated in Gardens ; ©
for which Reafon I fhall not trouble —
the Reader with any fartherAccount
of it, except the taking notice, that 7
this Plant is at prefent in great ©
Efteem 3 being thought an excellent —
Remedy for the Rheumatifm, Gout, ©
and many other Diforders. It is ©
frequently called Bogbane, orMarfh- ~
trefoil, in the Markets: and grows ©
plentifully on Bogs in many Parts”
of England, where it is gather’d, and”
brought to fupply the Markets.

MERCURIALIS, Mercury.

The Chara@ers are;

The Leaves are crenated, and grow”
by Pairs oppofite ; the Cup of they
Flower confifs of one Leaf, which ex=
ponds, and is cut into three § egmnents 5

thefe are Male and Female in differ- ¢ |

grow in long Spikes, and confift of
many Stamina and Apices, avhich are
loaded with Farina: the Owary of
the Femals Plant becomes a teflicula-

ted Fruit, having a fingle round
Seed in each Cell. .
The Species are;

. Mercuriaris teficulata, fi foe
ae Diojcoridis oS Pliniz. C. Ke P.

MA

The tefticulated Mercury, vulgarly
call'd The Male French Mercury.

2. Mercurialis /picata, five
famina Diofcoridis &F Plinit. C.B.P.
The fpiked French Mercury.

3. MERCURIALIS montana teéffi-
culata. C. B. P. ‘Tefticulated
amountainMercury, commonly called
Dog’s Mercury.

4. MERCURIALIS montana /picata.
C. B. P. Spiked mountain, or
Dog’s Mercury.

5- Mercuriaris fruticofa inca-
na mas. Boerh, Ind. Hoary fhrub-
by Male Mercury.

6. Mercurianis fruticofa inca-
na tefliculata. Tourn. Shrubby
hoary tefticulated Mercury.

The two firft Sorts are annual
Plants, which grow wild in divers
Parts of England, and are rarely
propagated in Gardens : the Seeds
thereof, being fown,produce the two
‘Sorts promifcaoufly, and are both
gather’d indifferently for medicinal
‘Ule. Thefe Seeds fhould be fown
as foon as they are ripe, by thofe
-who would cultivate them : they
will grow upon anySoil orSituation.

The third.and fourth Sorts grow
wild in fhady Lanes, and under
Hedges, in divers Parts of Exgland,
where they fpread greatly at the
Roots : thefe are never us’d in Me-

_dicine, being efteem’d poifonous.

The fifth and fixth Sorts “are not

Natives of this Country ; but are
preferv’d in curious Botanic’ Gar-
dens or Variety ; thefe may be
propagated by fowing the Seeds
{oon after they are ripe, in a Bed of
frefh Earth ; where, if the Seeds are
good, the Plants will come up the
fucceeding Spring, and endure the
‘ Cold of our Winters very well: but
if the Plants from which the Seeds
are taken, have not had fome of
the “Male Plants growing amongit
them, the Seeds will not grow, as I
have {everal times experiencd.

MESEMBRIANTHEMUMi-

_ de Ficoides.

MESPILUS, The Medlar.
The Chivaiitars are ;

The Leaves are either whole, and
Joap'd like thafe of the Laurel, as in
the manured Sorts ; or lacintated, as iz
the wild Sorts: the Flower confijts of
frve Leaves, which expand in form
of a Rafe: the Fruit is umbilicated,
and are not eatable till they decay ;
and have, for the moft part, five hard
Seeds it each,

The Speties are; ;

1. Mespitus Germanica, felio
laurino nan fret, five Mefpilus fyl-
urfiris, C. B. The common
Medlar, Ba! call’d The Nor-
tingham Medlar.

2. Mespizus folio laurino, major.
C.B.P, The large Dutch Medlar.

3. Mespitus apit folio, /fylvefiris
Ipinola, five oxyacantha. C. B. P.
The common Hawthorn,

4. Mespitus /pinofa, five oxya-
cantha, fiore pleno. Tourn. Yhe
double-flowering Hawthorn,

5. Mespixus api folio laciniato, ~
C. B. P.. The Azarola, or Nea-
politan Medlar.

6. Msspitus /pinofa, pyri folio.
H. L. The Pyracantha, or Ever-
green Thorn.

Mespi.us feu fpina acuta, bi-
‘hans Britannica. Park. Theat. The
Glaftenbury Thorn. |

8. Mespitus /pinofa, five oxy
acantha Vir giniana. ie a
Cockfpur, or Virginian Hawtiorn.

9g. Mesritus aculeata pyrifolia
denticulata Splendens, fruGu infigni
rutilo, Virginienfis. Pluk. Phyt. The
Virginian Medlar, with fhining
Leaves, and very red Fruit; com-
monly called. The Virginian Azarol,
with red Fruit.

10. Mespitus Virginiana, apit
folio, vulgari fimilis major, grandiori-
bus pints. Pluk, Phyt. Virginian

LRG Haw:

ME
Hawthorn,with long ftrong Thorns,
commonly _ called Maple - leav’d
Haw.

11. Mespitus prunifclia Virgi-
niana non fpinofa, fru€u nigricante.
Pluk. Phyt. Virginian Hawthorn,
with a Plum-leaf, and black Fruit.

12. Mespitus prunifoliis, /pinis
longiffimis for tibus, frulurubro ma-
gno. Clayt. Flor. Virg. American

Haw, with Plum-leaves, very ftrong .

wid Ph and a large red Fruit, com-
monly call’d Carelina Haw, with
- very ftrong Spines.

13. MesrivusVirginiana, groffu-
laria foliis, fpinis longi ffimis redlis,
Srudiu rotundo luteo. Virginian Haw,
with Goofberry - leaves, very Jong
- ereé&t Thorns, and a round yellow
Fruit, commonly call’d Lord [ay’s
Haw.

-14. MeEspitus tnermis, foliis o5-
verfe cvatis fubtus tomentofis, pomis
ovatis Juteis. SmoothAmerican Haw,
- with oval Leaves, white underneath,
and egg-fhaped yellow Fruit, com-
monly called yellow Haw, with
pear-fhaped Fruit.

15. MEsPiLus apii folio laciniato,
Srudiu ex albo lutefeente minori. Hort.
Cath. The L'Azarole, with a {mall
yellowith white Fruit.

16. Mespizus folio laurino, ma-
jor, frudiu precoct Japidiori oblonga,
feviort feu rariori fubfiantia. Hort.

Cath, Smooth oblong Medlar, with —

Jarge Laurel-leaves, called by the
ftalian Gardeners Nefpoli.

17. MesPitus folio Tih aehincd,
_fruétu rubro. Tourn. The Dwarf
Medlar, with red Fruit. _

18. MesPitus folio rotundiore,
fru nigro fubdulci, Tourn. Dwarf
.Medlar, with black Fruit. .

The fir of thefe Medlars was
formerly more common in the Gar-
dens and Nurferies than at prefent ;
- for fince the Dutch Medlar has been
- introduced, it hath obtained the Pre-

ME
ference ; the Fruit of this being
much Jarger than the old one, which

has.occafioned their being cultiva- ~

ted in greater Plenty. a

The fixteenth Sort has been
brought intoEngland by fome of the ©
Italian Gardeners, who annually
bring over Orange - trees and Jaf-

mines : and theyhave fold thefeTrees 4}

by the common Title of Ne/poli, 7

which is applicable to all the Spe- @

cies of thisGenus. - Ghe Fruit of |

this Tree is rather fmalte 2y than that 7
of the Commonor Nottingham Med- @

lar ; but it hath a quicker Flavour, ©
and is earlier ripe; fo a Plant or
two of them may be allowed a Place

in thofe Gardens where there is

~

room.

Thefe Sorts may be propagated by ~
budding or grafting them upon the ©
Hawthorn, or the Pear-ftock, upon |
either of which they will take very ©
well; and may be afterward tranf- —
planted into the Fruit-garden, either ©
in Standards, or trained again{ft an ©
Efpalier, in both which Methods —
they will fucceed- very well; but if |
the larger Sort be trained on an Ef-
palier, the Fruit willbe much lar- —
ger : but you muft be careful, in —
pruning, not to fhorten their bearing
Branchés ; for the Fruit being, for —
the moft part, produced at the Ex-
tremity thereof, if they are fhorten-
ed,.it will be cut away.

"Thefe Plants will grow upon al-
moft any Soil; but the Fruit willbe
much larger upon a ftrong Soil, rae
ther moift than dry; tho’ upon a ~
middling Soil they are generally
beft flavoured.

Thefe Fruits are permitted to re-
main upon the Trees till O@oder,
when they will begin to fall; at
which time they mutt be gathered, —
when dry, and laid by inadry Place,

-until they become foft, and begin to :

ceca, which is commonly about a
a

Month after they are gathered,when
they will be fit to be eaten ; ‘before
which they are fo very harfh, that
it is almoft impoflible to eat
them. .

The third Sort is fo very common
in England, that it would be’to little
Purpofe to {pend much time intreat-
ing of it, fince the great Ufe to
which it is applied in England, is to
make Fences ; the manner of doing
which is already defcribed under the
Article of Fences and Hedges.

Thefe Trees, when grown large,
are great Ornaments to Parks; and
during the Seafon of their Flower-
ing, where the Trees are in plenty,
the Air is perfumed with the Fra-
grancy of their Flowers: and as
they are much frequented by Night-
ingales, fo their melodious Notes
render tnofe Places the moft agreea-
ble, at that time of the Year, for
Retirement : but I would only men-
tion in this Place, that there are two
or three Varieties of this Plant com-
monly obferved in the Hedges near
London, which differ in the Size of
their Leaves and Fruit: but that
Sort which produces the fmalleft
Leaves is the beft worth cultivating
for Hedges, becaufe their Branches

always grow clofe together; fo that -

the Hedge will clip much clofer, and
appear more beautiful: for itis a
common Obfervation, That the
Branches of all Sorts of Trees grow

in a proportionable Diftance to the

Size of their Leaves.

The fourth Sort is a Variety of
‘the third, from which it differs in
having fair double Flowers. This
is propagated by being budded or
grafted upon the common Sort, and
‘ may be trained up with regular
Stems to the Height of twelve or
fourteen Feet ; and when planted in
Wildernefies, or other Plantations of
Trees, being intermixed with other

ME |
flowering Trees ofthe fame Growth, _
makesa very fine Appearanceduring
the Seafon of its Flowering, which
is commonly moft Part of May ; the iia
Flowers being produced in large
Clufters, as in the common Sort:
but are very double : this Tree is
pretty common in the Nurferies
near Loudon. |

The 2 Azarole, or Neafolitan
Medlar, has been introduced from
Italy, where the Fruit is greatly
efteemed. This is alfo propagated
by budding or grafting it upon
Stocks of the common Hawthorn,
and fhould be tranfplanted into a
moift Soil, and warm Situation,
where it will produce great Quanti-
ties of Fruit annually in Exg/and,
which are fhaped like thofe of the
common Hawthorn, but much lar-
ger; and muft be preferved till they
begin to decay before they are eaten,
as the common Medlar.

I have obferved thefe Trees in
many Places planted againft warm
Walls, as fuppofing them too tender ©
to produce Fruit in this Climate,
without fuch Affiftance ; which isa
very great Miftake : for I have feen
much more Fruit upon Standard-
trees than were upon thofe againft
Walls, and they ripened well, and
were better tatted.

The Pyracantha, or Ever-green
Thorn, was formerly in greater
Efteem than at prefent : it is com-
monly planted againit Walls orBuild-
ings, where it affords an agreeable
Profpeét in Winter (efpecially if it
has plenty of Fruit), the Fruit being,
at that Seafon, of a beautiful red
Colour, and are commonly produ-
ced in very large Clufters,which, to-
gether with its ever-green Leavés,
renders it worthy of a Place in every
good Garden. But in order to
have Fruit upon every Part of th
Tree, in which its greatet Beauty

Lila , ai confifts

/

ME

confifts, there fhould always be a
Succeflion of young Branches train-
edin; for the Fruit is always pro-
duced upon the fecond and third
Years Wood ; and all thofe Branches
which are alder, never produce any:
for want of rightly obferving this
Method, moft of the Trees of this
Kind feldom have any Fruit but to-
ward their extreme Parts ; which is
one Reafon thefe Trees have been
much neglected of late Years.

The Branches of this Tree are

very flexible, fo that it cannot be
trained up to a Standard; but muft
always have the Affittance of aWall,
or fome other Building, to fupport
it. It is very hardy, and will grow
in almoft any Soil or Situation ; but
it agrees heft with a dry Soil, in
which it will always produce a great-
er Quantity of Fruit.
_ This may be propagated by lay-
ing down the tender Shoots, which
are commonly two Years before they
will be rooted enough to tranfplant
(but, notwithflanding this, it is a
more expeditious Method than to
raife them from Seeds, which rarely
come up until the fecond Year, and
are but of flow Growth the two fuc-
ceeding Years); then they may either
be planted where they are to remain,
or into a Nurfery for two or three
Years, where you may train them,
according to the Places where they
are defigned to be planted : but the
fooner they are planted where they
are to remain, the better they will
fucceed. It is commonly three Years
after they are planted out, before
they begin to produce Fruit.

The Gloftenbury Thorn is preferv-
ed in many Gardens as a Curiofity :
this often produces fome Bunches of
Flowers in Winter, and afterwards
flowérs again at the Seafon with the
common Sort; but doth in no other
re{pect differ from the common

M E
Hawthorn
its budding on Chrifimas-day in the
Morning, flowering at Noon, and
decaying at Night, is now with
good Reafon difbelieved ; for altho”
it may fometimes happen, that
there may be fome Bunches of Flow-
ers Open on that Day, yet, for the
moft part, it is later in the Year be-
fore they appear; but this in a great
meafure depends on the Mildnefs of
the Seafon. This Sort may be pro-

_pagated by budding or grafting it

upon the common Hawthorn, and
fhould be planted in a warm Situa-
tion, which will greatly promote
the Flowering in the Winter ; for
if they are too much expofed tocold

Winds, the Flower-buds will decay »

without opening, tho’ in other re-
{pects the Plant is equally as hardy
as the common Sort, and may be
treated in the fame manner.

The Cockfpur Hawthorn is of
larger Growth than any of the for-
mer, and is very hardy: this may
be propagated by fowing the Seeds,
in the fame manner as the common
Hawthorn ; and they commonly.

abide in the Ground till the fecond °

Year, as they do: therefore the moft
expeditious Way to increafe this
Plant is, to bud or graft it upon the
common Hawthorn; tho’ I mutt
confefs, that the Trees thus propa-
gated will not zrrive to the Magni-
tude as thofe generally do which are
propagated from Seeds: but will
produce Fruit much fooner : but

where a Perfon intends to have them |

in Perfection, they fhould always be
propagated from Seeds. This Sort
will growto the Height of eighteen
or twency Feet, and may be trained
up with regular Siems and Heads,
and when planted amongft other
Trees of the fame Growth, they
make an agreeable Variety ; for
in the Spring, when they are in’

Bloflom,

: the fabulous Story of —

— o
OE Ni EE
2

ax

*,
es

'
Sie a
ss

es S54 *
a >2s “
Se Tia

a

ete GSO

Sa et oS | es

Soap
~s

=

ME

Bloffom, they are very pleafing, the
Flowers being very large, and are
produced in great Bunches at the

Beijerity of their Branches ; andin
Autumn, when the Fruit is ripe,
which is very large, and grows in
great Clufters, they have a beautiful
Appearance, and are efteemed very
good Feed for Deer.

The ninth, tenth, and eleventh
Sorts were brought from Virginia
feveral Years fince, and are preferv-
‘ed as Curiofities by fuch Perfons as
fare Lovers of Trees. ‘Thefe may
be propagated from Seeds, as the
other Sorts, or by budding or graft-
‘jing them upon the common Haw-
‘thorn ; and may afterwards be
tranfplanted into Wildernefs - quar-
‘ters, among{t other Trees of the
fame Growth,where they will afford
an agreeable Variety.
| The ninth Sort will grow larger
than the other two, and, if ratfed
from Seeds, will equal the Cock{pur
‘Hawthorn ; and the Flowers and
Fruit are full as large as thofe; fo
that it is very proper to be intermix-

d therewith.
| The tenth and eleventh Sorts
‘commonly grow to the Size of our
ommon Hawthorn, with which
hey may be intermixed, for Varie-
ty, in Wildernefs-plantations.
| Thetenth Sort is, by fome of the
§Gardeners, called the Maple-leav’d
Haw, from the Leaves of this Tree
having fome Refemblance to thofe of
the common or leffer Maple. This
3ort flowers later in the Seafon, than
any of theother; feldom being in
Zeauty earlier than the Beginning of
June, and fometimes not until the
Middle of that Month : but the

“@han any of the Sorts yet known,
venders this the mott valuable, from
he great Appearance which it
‘makes in Flower ; and alfo in the

3unches of Flowers being larger.

ME

Autumn, when the Fruit is ripe,
thefe Trees are equally beautiful ;
their Fruit being of a lively red-Co-
lour, and hanging in large Bunches
on every Part of the Tree.

The Fruit of the eleventh Sort is
black when ripe ; but thefe are pro-
duced thinly on the Trees, feldom
more than two or three growing in
each Clutter : the Leaves are fhaped
fomewhat like thofe of the Plum ;

but are longer and narrower: this —

is preferved more for the fake of
Variety than its Beauty.

The twelfth and fourteenth Sorts
have been of lateYears introduced in-
to the Exglis Gardens from America,
and are propagated in the Nurferies
near London. The twelfth Sort has
the longeft and ftrongeft Thorns of
any of the Sorts : the Leaves are like
thofe of the Plum-tree: the Fruit is
as large as thofe of the Cockfpur-
haw; but they are produced but
thinly, feldom more than two or
three growing together : and by the
Growth of this Tree (when uponits
own Stock) in England, it feems
more inclinable toa Shrub than a
Tree. |

The fourteenth Sort is a larger-
growing Tree, being equal to the
Cockfpur-haw : this hath no Spines,
and the Leaves are extended in
Breadth more than Length : they
are of a whitifh Colour on their
Under-fide : the Fruit is as large as
thofe of the Cockfpur-haw, but of
an oval Shape, and a yellowifh-
green Colour: but thefe come fin-
gly, or byPairs, rarely three of them
growing together; fo that the Trees
make no great Appearance either
in Flower or Fruit.

The thirteenth was many Years
fince growing in the Bifhop of Lon-
don’s Garden at Fulham; but hath
lately been recovered again from
America, after having been loft for

many

_ Fruit is {mall,

M E
many Years. ‘The ‘Thorns of this
Sertare very long and flender: the
and crowned with
Leaves.

The fifteenth Sort has been lately
introduced among us from Italy :
this is different from the other Sorts
in the Shape and Colour of the
Fruit, which is flat, and of a yel-
lowifh-white Colour. This may
be propagated by budding or graft-
ing it upon the common Hawthorn,
and is worthy of a Place in all cu-
rious Collections of Trees. :

The feventeenth and eighteenth
Sorts are of humblerGrowth, feldom
rifing above five or fix Feet high, and
are proper to intermix with Shrubs
ef the fame Growth, where, by
their different woolly Leaves, to-
gether with their Flowers and Fruit,
m their Seafons, they add greatly to
the Variety of fuch Plantations :
they may be eafily propagated by
laying down their tender Branches,
which, in one Year, will be rooted
fufficiently to tranfplant ; when they
may be placed where they are to
remain, or planted into a Nurfery,
and trained up to regular Heads ;
by which Method they will be lefs
Kable to mifcarry, than if they were
placed toremain in the Wildernefs
immediately. They may alfo be

‘grafted on the Pear or White-

thorn.

The feventeenth Sort produces
great Quantities of Suckers from the
Roots, which may be taken off in
the Spring, and tranfplanted into a
Nurfery two or three Years, until
they have acquired Strength enough
to tranfplant for good, where they
are to remain ; by which Method
they may be greatly increafed : but
the Plants thus raifed will be more
fubjeét.to produce a great Number
of Suckers from their Roots, which,

M TI i
if not yearly taken off, will grow
up into a Confufion, and tarve chal
‘old ones.

They produce their Flowers in” é
April and May, and their Fruits are |
commonly ripe in 4ugu/? : but thefe —
are of no Ufe, except to propagate —
the Species ; which being a tedious |
Method, and the Layers taking —
Root fo freely, renders it mot worth °
practifing ; tho’ it may happen, that
{ome Varieties may be obtained this
way; as is often found in many other
Trees and Shrubs, 4

METHONICA. Fide Gloriofa.

MEUM, Spignel. 3

The Claret are; x

Tt is an umbelliferous Plant, with
very narrow Leaves: the Seeds are”
large, oblong, and ftriated: to which ©
may be added, It hath a perennia y
Root. )

This Plant is propagated in the”
Phyfic-gardens, for medicinal Ufe;”
but is very feldom found in other
Gardens. It may be. propagated b 3
Seeds, which fhould be fown in Aus
tummn, foon after they are ripe ; and
in the Spring the Plants will appear, |.
when they fhould be carefully clear : |
ed from Weeds; and in very dry Ak
Weather muft be refrefhed with
Water. In this Place the Plants may _
remain until theAutumn following, ©
when they may be tranfplanted ins”
to a fhady Border about a Foot
afunder, where they may remain for
Ufe. They may alfo be propaga ed
by parting their Roots in ode Ma

thod. p:
MEZEREON. Vid Tiyaclal ial
MILIUM, Millet. co
The Chavaders are;
It hath a loofe divided Panicle 5
and each finghe Flower bath a Calyx,
confifiing of two Leaves, which a a”

in hip of ie to egos the a ss .

MT

na and Piftillum of the Flower,
which afterward becomes an oval
| foining Seed.

The Species are ;

1. Miuium femine luteo. C. B. P.
Yellow or common Millet.
|. 2, Mixium femine albo. C.B.P.

Millet with a white Seed.
3. Mirium femine nigro.C. B. P.
| Millet with a black Seed.
| 4. Myiium arundinaceu, fumbro-
| tundo femine, Sorgo nominatum. C. B.

P. Reed-like Millet, with roundifh
Seeds, commonly call’d Sorgo or

Guiney Corn.
| There are fome other Varieties of
thefe Plants, which chiefly differ in
the Colour of their Seeds, which
will be to little Purpofe to enume-
rate in this Place, thofe here men-
‘tioned being the principal Sorts
which I have obferved growing in
| England.
The three firft Sorts are Varieties
| of each other, and only differ in the
| Colour of their Seeds ; which Dif-
| ference will arife from the fame
| Seeds very often; but the Yellow
) isalways preferred, tho’ the White
is no-way inferior to it; but'the
) black Sort is efteem’d little worth.
| Thefe Plants were originally
+ brought from the Ea/ern Countries,
) where they are ftill greatly cultiva-
ted ; from whence we are furnifhed
jannually with this Grain, which
}is by many Perfons greatly efteemed
for Puddens, &5’c. Thefe are feldom
}eultivated in Exgland, but by way
}of Curiofity in fmall Gardens, or
for feeding of Poultry, where the
Seeds generally ripen very well.
| They muft be fown the Beginning
of 4pri/ upon a warm dry Soil, but
/not too thick, becaufe thefe Plants
\divide into feveral Branches, and
fhould have much room; and when
they come up, they fhould be clear-
ed from Weeds; after which tley

M I

will, in afhort time, get the better
of them, and prevent their future ©
Growth. In Augu/t thefe Seeds will.
ripen, when it muft be cut down,
and beaten out, as is practifed jor
other Grain: but when it begins to
ripen,if it is not protected fromBirds,
they will foon devour it.

The Gainey Corn rifes commonly
to be ten or twelve Feet high, and
has jointed Stalks hike the Reed;
upon the Tops of which the Panicles
are produced, which are very large,
as arealfo the Grains. This Sort ©
will come up very well, if fown as
the former ; but feldom perfeéts its
Seeds with us, except theSeafon be
very warin. .

MILLEFOLIUM, Yarrow, Mil-
foil, or Nofebleed.

There are feveral Sorts of this
Plant, which are cultivated in Bo-
tanic Gardens for Variety ; but as
they are rarely propagated for Ufe,
I fhall pafs them ever without name-
ing them; and only obferve, that
the common Sort, which grows in
great Plenty upon dry Banks, in
moft Parts of Exgland, is that which
is ordered for medicinal Ufe.

MILLERIA.

The Chara@ers are;

Lt hath a compound Flower, con-
Sifting of feveral Florets, and one Half-
floret, contained in one common Flower-
cup; but thefe Florets are barren, .
and the Half-floret, which is fruit-
Ful, is fucceeded by one Seed, which
is furrounded by the Flower-cup.

The Species are ; .

1. MILLERIA annua ercfa ma-
jor, foliis conjugatis, floribus f/picatis
luteis, Houft. Greater upright an-
nual Milleria, with Leaves growing
oppofite, and yellow Flowers grow-__
ing in a Spike.

2. MILLERIA annua ereZa minor,
Soliis parietaria, floribus ex foliorum
alis, Howf, Lefler upright annual

Millerial,

M I

Milleria, with Pellitory-leaves, and
the Flowers growing from theWings
of the Leaves.

| 3. MILLERIA annua erefla ramo-
foor, foliis maculatis, profundius fer-
ratis. Martyn. Cent. 1. Upright
branching annual Milleria, with
fpotted Leaves, which are deeply
fawed.

4. MiLuerRia annua erefa minor,
folie parietaria lougiori, floribus ex
foliorum alis. Leffler upright annual
Milleria, with a longer Pellitory-

Jeaf, and the Flowers growing from -

the Wings of the Leaves.

The two firft Sorts were difcover-
ed by the late Dr. William Houffoun
at Campechy in the Year 1731. who
conftituted this Genus, on finding

the Characters differing from all the.

Genus’s which were before efta-
blifh’d. The Seeds of both thefe Sorts
he fent to feveral curious Perfons in
England and Holland, where they
have fucceeded very well.

The other two Sorts were difco-
vered by Mr. Robert Millar, Surgeon,
at Cazmpechy in the Year 1734. from
whence he fent their Seeds into Exg-
land, where they have alfo fucceeded
very well. ‘The third Sort nearly re-

ed

MI 3

derate Hot-bed of Tanners Bark,
being careful to fhade them from
the Sun until they have taken Root, —
as alfo to water them frequently.
After the Plants are rooted, they ~
fhould have a large Share of free
Air admitted to them, by raifing of
the Glaffes of the Hot-bed every
Day when the Weather is fair ; and
they muft be conftantly watered
every Day in hot Weather; for they
are very thirfty Plants. With this
Management, the Plants will, in a
Month after tranfplanting, rifetoa
confiderable Height ; therefore they
fhould be thifted into larger Pots,
and placed in the Stove, plunging
them into the Bark-bed, where they ©
may have room te grow, efpecially —
the firft and third Sorts, which ufu- —
ally grow eight or nine Feet high, —
where they are well managed. But
the fecond and fourth Sorts feldom
rife above three Feet high, and do
not {pread their Branches very far;
fo thefe may be allowed lefs room.
In the Middle of Ful thefe Plants.
will begin to flower, and the Seeds —
will be ripe foon after: therefore
they muft be gathered as foon as they
change of a dark-brown Colour,

fembles the firft in its Leaves, Flow-
ers, and Growth ; but branches a
little more than that doth, and the
Leaves are {potted with Black; the
Fiowers alfo are a little larger. ‘The
fourth Sort, which is fomewhat like
the fecond, grows taller, and doth
not branch from the Bottom as the
fecond doth; the Leaves are alfo
gauck longer ; but there appears no
Difference in their Flowers.

The Seeds of thefe Plants fhould
be fown early in the Spring, on a
moderate Hot-bed; and when the
Plants are come up about two Inches,
they fhould be each tranfplanted in-
go a feparate Pot filled with light rich
Earth, and then plunged into a mo-

otherwife they will foon fall off,
efpecially thofe of the two large —
Kinds, which will drop on the leaft —
Touch when they are ripe. Thefe ©
Plants will continue flowering till —
Michaelmas, or later, if the Seafon
proves favourable ; but when the —
Cold of the Autumn comes on,
tney will foon decay.
-MIMOSA, The Senfitive Plant.
The Charaers are : -.
The Flower confifls of one Leaf,
which is fhaped like a Funnel, having
many Stamina in the Centre: thee
Flowers are collefed into a round
Head: from the Bottom of the Flower
rifes the Pointal, which afterward
becomes as oblong fiat jointed Pod,
aubich

et

M I
aphich opens both Ways, and contains
in each Partition one roundifh Seed.
The Species are ;
1. Mimosa few frutex fenfibilis,
Tourn. The common Senfitive Plant.
2, Mimosa humilis frutefeens &
Spinofa, filiquis conglobatis. Plum.
_ Dwarf fhrubbyHumble Plant, having
Thorns, and the Pods growing to-
_ gether in Bunches.
|. 3. Mimosa fpinis horridiufcula,
& fenfitiva magis. H. R. Par. Great-
er Senfitive or Humble Plant, with
| very fharp Thorns.
_ 4. Mimosa latifolia, filiculis in
| orbem glomeratis. Tourn. Broad leav’d
or common Humble Plant.
- 5. Mimosa /puria de Pernambucg,
difia Mimofa Italica. Zan. The
flothful Senfitive Plant, wuigo.
6. Mimosa herbacea procumbens
& fpinofa, caulequadrangulo, filiquis
quadrivalvibus. Houft. Trailing her-
baceous prickly Senfiive Plant, with
fquare Stalks, and Pods having four
Cells. |
9. Mimosa fraticofa fpinofa, fili-
quis latis hirfutis &F articulatis.
Houf?. Prickly fhrubby Senfitive
Plant, with broad hairy jointed Pods.
. 8. Mimosa zon fpinofa, palufiris
& herbacea, procumbens, flore Luteo
pleno. Houf?, Smooth marth herba-
‘ceous trailing Senfitive Plant, with
full yellow Flowers.

hirfuta, tenuibus acacie foliis, fiii-
quis articulatis, Houff. Shrubby
prickly and hairy Senfitive Plant,
with narrow Leaves like the Acacia,
and jointed Pods.

& fpinofa, foliis acacie latioribus,
filiquis conglobatis, Dwarf fhrubby
and prickly Senfitive Plant, with
broad Acacia-leaves, and Pods grow-
ing in Cluflers.

11. Mimosa herbacca non fpinoG
siinima repens. Slaan. Cat. Jam. The

9. Mimosa frutefcens Jpinofa & :

10. Mimosa humilis frutefcens

MT
leaft creeping herbaceous Setifitive
Plant, without Spines, commonly
call’d Senfitive Grafs. My 5

‘There are fome other Species of
this Plant, which grow, in the warm
Parts of America; but thofe here
mention’d are what I have obferved
in the Exgh/b Gardens.

The firlt Sort is commonly known
by the Name of Senfitive Plant, to
diftinguifh it from the others, which
are generally call’d Humble Plants,
becaufe, upon being touch’d, the
Pedicles of their Leaves fall down-~

_ ward; whereas the Leaves of the

firit Sort are only contracted upon the
Touch.

Thefe Plants are all propagated
from Seeds, which mutt be fown up-
on an Hot-bed early in the Spring ;
and when the Plants come up, they
muft be tranfplanted into {mall Pots
fill’d with light rich Earth, and
plunged into a freth Hor-bed, ob-
jerving to water and fhade them un-
til they have taken Root: after
which you’ muft often refrefh them
with Water, and let them have Air
in proportion co the Warmth of the
Seaion, always obferving to keep
the Bed in a good Temper for Heat, —
as alfo to cover the Glaffes every
Night with Mats, which will greatly
faciiitate their Growth,

With this Management, in abeut
a Month’s time, the Plants will have.
greatly advanced, and their Reots
will All the Pots: therefore you mu&
remove them into larger Pots, filling
them up with the like rich Earth 3
then plunge them into the Hot-bed,
obdferving to water them well until
they have taken Root; and if you
fee the Plants inclinable to droop,
when the Sun fhines warm upon the

Glaffes, you muft fhade them unuil |

they have recover’d, and are able te

endure the Heat.
You muft alfo obferve to give
toe

M I

them a greater Share, of Air, as the
Seafon advances in Warmth; but
you muft never expofethem to the
open Air, which will not only re-
tard their Growth, but alfo deftroy
the fenfitive Quality; fo that I have
feen fome Plants of thefe Kinds,
which, after having been expofed
to the open Air a few Days, have
intirely loit their Motion.

The firft of thefe Sorts, if duly
water’d, and preferv’din a kindly
Warmth, will grow, in the Compats
of one Seafon, to the Height of eight
or nine Feet, and produce great

Quantities of Flowers; but unlefs.

the Autumn proves very favoyrable,
the Seeds feldom ripen; and the
Plant, being much tenderer than the
other Sorts, is rarely preferv’d thro’
the Winter, tho’ placed in the warm-
eft Stoves; fo that we are obliged
to procure the Seeds from abroad.
There is fo great an Affinity be-
tween this and the eighth Sort, that

they are with Difficulty diftinguith’ d:

but where Dr. Hou/foun obferw’d the
eighth Sort, it was growing in ftand-
Ing Waters; and the Branches were
fpread flat on the Surface of the
Water in fuch manner, as if they
floated: but the Seeds of this, when
_fowmin Exfope, produced Plants of
erect Growth; but their Stalks
were not fo woody, as thoie of this
firft Species, and branch’d out more ;
the Pizne of their Leaves were not
fo long, and a greater Number pro-
duced on the fame Footftalk ; but
in every other refpect they are
alike.

This Sort is very common-in all.
the Iflands of America, and I have
- alfo. received the Seeds of it from
Firginia and Carolina ; fo that it is
certainly a: Native of thofe Coun-
tries; tho’ it is only found in fome
very warm Situations, where the
Seeds ripen annually ; which, fall-

0 hi

M I |

ing, produce frefh Plants the fols.

lowing Seafon.
The fecond Sort is of much hum-
bler Growth, feldom rifing above

three Feet high ; but branches out -
very much, and is befet with Thorns:

this will alidé two or three Years,

if preferv’d in a good Stove, and ‘
every

generally produces Seeds
Year ; fo that it is now become very.
common in the Englif Gardens,
being the eafieft to preferve,

the Sorts.

The third Sort hath very broad —

Leaves, and is greatly befet with
fharp Thorns: this will rife to the
Height of five or fix Feet ; but has
generally very flender Branches, and
is tenderer than the laft-mention’d :
it rarely produc’d Seeds in this

Country, but may be preferv’d thro”. _

the Winter in a good Stove.

The fourth Sort has the quickeft
Motion of all the Kinds at prefent
in Exgland: this is fomewhat like
the third in Appearance ; but grows
more erect, and hath fewer Spines,

and the Flowers are of a different ~

Colour. The Seeds of this Kind are
frequently brought over from Bar-
bados, “where,

the moft common in that Country.

The fifth Sort is preferv’d in Bo->

tanic Gardens for Variety ; but isa
Plant of no great Curiofity :
fomewhat the Appearance of the
firft Sort, and will grow erect to the
Height of five or fix Feet, and pro-
duce great Quantities of Seeds; but
it having no Motion upon being
touch’d, renders it lefs vale phe
the others.

The three. next- sientieaik Eni a

were difcover’d by the late Dr. Wil-
liam Houffoun, at La Vera Cruz, from
whence he fent their Seeds into Evg-

and
the moft plentiful in feeding, of all —

by the Plenty of
Seeds brought over, it feems to be

it hath a +>

land, from which many Plants were

aifed.

ae S oe
yaifed. The fixth Sort rifes to the

1
flender fquare Stalks, which are
Strongly armed with Spines. This
isa perennial Plant, which creeps at
Pthe Root ; fo that it may be propa-
ated by the Suckers, which are
ery plentifully emitted. This hath
Pot, as yet, produc’d many Flow-
ers in Exg/and; for the Shoots gene-
tally die to the Root in Winter, and
itife again the following Spring.
The Leaves of this Sort do not only
clofe, on being touch’d, but alfo fall
downward; fo that it is ranked
‘amongit thofe Kinds which are com-
monly call’d Humble Plants.
__ The feventh Sort rifes to the
‘Height of fix or feven Feet, aad
hath a woody Stem, which is ftrong-
ly armed with crooked Spines. The
'Leaves confift of feveral Wings,
'which have very narrow Pizne :
| thefe Leaves are alfo befet on their
nder-fide with fharp crooked Spines
all along the Mid-rib, fo that it is
| troublefome to go amongit the Plants

in the natural Place of their Growth.
| The Flowers of this Kind are of a
bright-purple Colour, which are fuc-
| eceded by flat hairy jointed Pods, in
which are included the Seeds. This
Sort grows very plentifully in moift
| sich Places about La Vere Cruz, in
| the Spanifh Weft-Indies; as alfo in
the Brafi/s, from whence I have re-
_ ceiv’d the Seeds. .
| ‘This Plant hath produc’d Flowers
in England; but hath not perfected
| Seed, tho’ it hath liv’d over:the
Winter, and has grown to a large
| Size.- The Leaves of this Sort clofe
| very foon on the Touch; but they
fall downward very flowly, fo that
itis not ranged amongft the Humble
Plants.

The eighth Sort grows plentifelly

in flanding Waters near La Vera
Crux, where the Branches float on

Sone
6

=
\

i a =
a ; was

M I

the Water, in like manner as dothe
Pond-weeds in this Country; but
efpecially one of the Sorts of Arfe-
{mart, which is an amphibious Plans,
when it grows in the Water: the
Leaves are very broad, and lie fpread
on the Surface of the Water; the
Branches extending themfelves very
wide, in the fame manner as the
other Pond-weeds: but when it
grows on dry Ground, the Stalks
grow erect, and the whole Appear-
ance of the Plant is fo much abtered,
as that fome Botanilts have defcrib’ad
it astwo different Plants :.fo this Mi-
mofa has a very different Appear-
ance while the Ground, where it
grows, is covered with Water; but
where the Water dries up, and leaves
the Plants while they are young,
they will grow more ereét ; and thofe
of them which have grown in Exg-
land, have rifen to the Height of
four or five Feet; but they fpread
themfelves on every Side, and re-
quir’d fome Support, when they
were full grown. This Sort hath
produc’d Flowers in England, but
hath not perfected Seed ; and, being
an annua! Plant, is at prefent loft in
Europe. This is one of thofe com-
monly call’d Senfitive Plants; for
the Leaves do not fall on being
touch’d. The ninth and tenth Sorts
were difcover’d by Mr. Robert Mii-
lar, Surgeon, at Cartbagena, from
whence he fent their Seeds into Exg-
land, which have facceeded in feverat
Gardens of the Curious. Thefe are
both of them of the humble Kind,
their Leaves falling on the flighteft

Touch. They will both of them live

thro’ the Winter, if they are placed
ina very warm Stove. ,

6 ipread

MI

fpread over a large Surface, and the
Stalks trail clofe to the Ground,
never rifing in Height ; and by its
propagating fo falt, by the trailing
Branches, it is prevented from flow-
ering, which is the Cafe of many of
the trailing Plants: I have had feve-
ral of the Plants of this Kind which
have extended their Branches over
the Sides of the Pots in which they
grew, and have rooted deeply into
the Tanners Bark on the Surface of
the Hot-bed ; and if they. had been
permitted to extend their Branches
fo far as they feemed naturally in-
clined, I believe they would in one
Summer have clofely covered the
whole Surface of the Bed ; but neither
of thefe Plants had the leaft Appear-
ance of Flower :' fo that in its native
Place of Growth, this Sort produces
very little Seed, which has occafion-
ed its being very rare in the Gardens
of Europe; for it is by much the
moft valuable of all the Kinds: this
as very quick in its Motion ; for, on
drawing a Stick over the Plants,
they will immediately contract, and
leave the Impreflion for fome time,
till the Plants recover.

Thefe Plants were moft of them
thought to be Annuals formerly,

' becaufe upon the firft Approach of

cold Weather they were deftroy’d ;

‘but fince the modern Invention of

Bark-ftoves, moft of thefe Sorts have
been preferv’d two or three Years,
and produce Seeds very well.

The Stove in which thefe Plants
are placed in Winter, fhould be kept
to Anana’s Heat (as mark’d on the
Botanical Thermometers); and du-
ring that Seafon they fhould be fre;
quently refrefh’d with Water, which
muft be plac’d in the Stove at leaft
twenty-four Hours before it be us’d,
that it may have nearly an equal
Warmthto the Air of the Stove ; but
you muft not give it to themin large

M I
Quantities, which will rot t
cots, and caufe them to decay
you muft alfo obferve to pick off a
decayed Leaves which may appea
at that Seafon ; which, if not taker
off, will harbour Infeéts, to thi
great Prejudice of the Plants.

But where there is not the Con:
veniency of a good Stove to preferve
thefe Plants thro’ the Winter, theit
Seeds may be annually procur’d, and
a few Plants raifed, which may
kept in an Hot-bed ander Glaffes,
where they will continue until the
Cold approaches in Autunin ; and,
being a great Curiofity, are worthy
of Care in every good Garden. .

It is confidently afferted by fome
Perfons, that the Plants of this Genus.
are very poifonous ; and that the Jz-
dians have a fecret Way of prepare-
ing the Poifon, fo as that the Perfon
to whom it is given, fhall languifh |
under the Effeéts of it for Months or |
Years, and prove fatal to them : and —
the fame Perfons add, that the only
Antidote to expel this-Poifon is the
Root of the fame Plant.

MINT. Vide Mentha.

MIRABILIS PERUVIANA Fide —
Jalapa.

MISLETOE. Vide Vifcum.

MITELLA, Baftard Americar
Sanicle.

The Chara@ers are ;

It hath a perennial Root: the Cup
of the Flower confifts of one Leaf,
and is divided into five Parts: the
Flower confifis of five Leaves, which ™
expand in form of a Rofe: the Ovary”
becomes a roundife Fruit, which ter-
minates in a Point, gaping at the Top,
in form of a Bifbop’s Mitre, and full |
of roundifo Seeds. “

The Species are ; ~

1. Mirer.sa Americana, flcrum
petalis integris. Tourn. American
Mitella, whofe Flower -leaves are
intire.

z. MITELLA

; MI

t
. Miretra Americana, forum
petalis fimbriatis. T. American Mi-
tella, with fringed Flower-leaves.
» 3- Mirerta Americana, fore
| Squallide purpurea villofo. Boerb. Ind.
American Mitella, with hairy Flow-
)-ers, of a dirty purple Colour.
| 4. Miretta Americana maxima
| tin@oria. Inf. R. H. The Arnotto,
| or Anotto; and by the freach called
Rocou.
_ The three firft Sorts are preferved’
in curious Botanic Gardens for Va-

Be but there being very little

eauty in their Flowers, they are
'feldom propagated in Gardens for
Pleafure. .They are very hardy, and
will thrive in almoft any Soil or
Situation, and may be propagated
either from Seeds, or by parting their
Roots, which may be done either in
Spring or Autumn, in the manner
as is practifed for Polyanthus’s, &c.
d being planted in a fhady Situa-
ton, will grow very vigoroufly ; fo
that, for the fake of Variety, a few
‘Roots may be admitted in fhady Bor-
ders, where few better Plants will
thrive. ! ;
The fourth Sort rifes to the Height
of ten or twelve Feet, and hath a
oody Stem, which is befet with
many Branches at the Top, which
are furnifh’d with broad Leaves,
fhap’d fomewhat like an Heart :
from thefe Branches the Flowers
ome out in {mall Clafters, which
ronfilt of feveral Leaves, and ex-
Pand in form of a Rofe: thefe are of
2 pale Flefh-colour. The Flowers
ire fucceeded by brown Pods, fhap’d
like a Mitre, and are echinated on
the Outfide in the fame manner as
he Cheftnut ; in which Peds are
hich are of a red Colour.

‘The Seeds of this Plant are ufed
n dyeing, and the Judians make ufe
F this Colour to paint their Bodies,

Vou, I. .

ontained many irregular Seeds,

: Saas
efpecially when they go to War; in
order, as. fome fuppoie, to prevent’
their difcovering the Blood when
they are wounded, being almoft of’
the fame Colour; fo is fuppofed to
make them courageous. But the chief
Ufe of it is to prevent the Mufke-
ta’s and Flies from annoying them.
This Dye is alfo mix’d with Cho-
colate to give ita Colour.

It grows in the warmeft Parts of
America, from whence the Seeds are
pretty frequently fent into Exg/and,
Thefe Sceds fhou!d be fown early in
the Spring of the Year,‘in {mall
Pots filled with light rich Earth,
which fhould be plunged into a
moderate Hot-bed of Tanners Bark.
When the Plants are come up two
Inches high, they fhould be care-
fully tran{planted, each into a fepa-
rate {mall Pot filled with light rich
Earth, and then plunged again into
the’Tanners Bark, obferving to fhade |
them from the Sun, until they have
taken new Root. With this Ma-
nagement the Plants will grow to be
a Foot high. by the middle of Fuly,
and will have filled the Pots with
their Roots; therefore they fhould
then be fhaken out of the Pots, and
put into Pots a little larger, and
plunged again into the Hot-bed,
and managed as before. Thefe Plants
may remain in the Hot-bed until to-
ward Michcelmas, when the Nights
begin to be cold; at which timg
they muft be remov’d into the Stove,
and plunged into the Bark - bed,
where they may enjoy a good Share
of Warmth in the Winter - feafon,
otherwile they cannot be preferv’d
in this Country: they muift be fre-
quently refrefh’d with Water, during
the Winter-feafon; but they fhould_
not have too much given to them
each time, efpecially if they fhould
caft their Leaves, which they fres
auently do toward the Spring.

Mmm MOL-

M O

MOLDAVICA. Vide Dracoce-
halum.
MOLLE, The Jzdian Molle, or
Mattich-tree. -
. The Chara&ers are; .
_ It hath pinnated Leaves, like thofe
of the Lentifcus; but are terminated
by.an odd Lobe: the Flower expands
in the Form of a Rofe; and the Fruit
refembles a Grain of Pepper.
We have but one Species of this
Tree in England ; which is,
Moute. Clu in Monard. The

Arbor Molle, or Jndian Mattich--

tree.

This Tree is, by fome Writers,
made a Species of Lentifcus; and
hath by fome been titled Lewti/cus
Africanus ; and by others Lenti/cus
Peruvianus : but which of thofe two
Countries it is a Native of, I cannot
determine; nor whether there is any
real Diftingtion in the Characters of
this, and the Lentifcus, having ne-
ver feen either the Flowers or Fruit
of this.

This was formerly more common
in the Ex}opean Gardens than at pre-
fent, there being very few of them
now to be found; mof of them
having been deftroyed by fome late
fevere Winters ; and being difficult
to propagate, has rendered it fo
{carce.

It may be propagated by laying
down the tender Branches, which in
two or three Years will take Root,
when they may be taken off from
the old Plants, and planted into Pots
. fill’'d with frefh light Earth, obferv-
ing to water and fhade them until
they have taken Root.

- But as it is very difficult to make
this Treé grow from Layers, fo it
will be neceffary to flit the Branches
when laid, which wiil facilitate
- their Rooting; and when you cut
them off from the old Plants (which

M O

fhould be done in April}, if you
place the Pots upon a moderate

‘
s

Hot-bed, it will caufe them to take ©

Root much fooner, provided you
water and fhade them carefully ; but
you muft obferve to let them have
Air in proportion to the Warmth
of the Seafon ; and when they have
taken frefhRoot,you muft inure them
to the openAir by degrees, into which

4

they fhould be removed toward the

Latter-end of May, placing them in
a Situation where they may be de-
fended from violent Winds,
which they may remain until the
O&ober following, when they muft

be removed into the Green-houfe, |
placiag them where they may have ©
a great Share of free Air in mild ~
Weather ; for they only require to

re]

be protected from fevere Cold.
This Tree will grow to the Height

of feven or eight Feet, but common- —

in

)
/
4

ly produces its Shoots very irregu- —

lar, fo that it is very difficult to ©

form i to a regular Head; for
which Reafon it is not fo much
efteem’d (except by the Curious in
Botany) as the Lentifcus; but for
Variety it may have a Place in all
curious Green-houfes.,
MOLLUGO.
The Charafers are; 4
The Empalement of the Flower is
cut into five Segments: the Flower
is of one Leaf: the Pointal is fituated”
in the Centre of the Flower, which

]

}

ol
5

;
‘
»

is attended by three Stamina, and af-
terward becomes anoval Veffel, have
ing three Cells, opening in three Parts, —
and filled with fmall kidney - foaped —

Seeds.
The Speezes are ;
1. Motiuco foliis quaternis ob-
verfe ovatis. Lin. Hort. Chff. This

Plant was ufually call’d Rupture- —

wort, with a Chickweed-leaf.

2. Motiuco /foliis quinis lancee~ |
lati —

. _ ‘
6 ,

Mo

~ Matis inequalibus. Flor. Leyd. This is
by fome call’d Five-leav’d upright
African Chickweed.

3. Motiuco felis feptenis linea-
ribus. Lin, Hort. Cliff. African
Chickweed, with the Appearance of
Ladies Beditraw.

Thefe are low annual Plants,

having little Beauty; fo are only
preferved in Botanic Gardens for the
fake of Variety : if their Seeds are
* permitted to fcatter, the Plants will
come up the following Spring: but
the two laft Sorts feldom thrive well
| in the full Ground, unlefs in warm
| ‘Seafons: but when their Seeds fcat-
ter on an Hot-bed, or in Pots in the
Stove, they will thrive faft enough.
MOLUCCA, Mblucca Balm.

The CharaGers are;

Tt is a verticillate Plant, with a
| Labiated Flower, confifting of one Leaf,
| whofe upper Lip is hollow, like a
| Spoon, but the under Lip is cut into
three Segments : out of the Flower-cup
arifes the Pointal, attended, as it
avere, by four Embryoes, which af-
terward turn to fo many angular
Seeds, which are inclofed in the bell-
| foaped Calyx.

The Species are ;

1.Motvucca /evis. Dod. Smooth
Molucca Balm.

2. Motucca /pinofa. Dod. Prick-
ly Molucca Balm. >
» Thefe Plants are annual, and
perith after they have perfected their
Seeds. They are preférved only in
'fuch Gardens where Perfons are
| Curious in the Study of Plants, as
| they have no great Beauty or Ufe.
_Thefe may be propagated by fowing
their Seeds in March, upor « Bed of
frefh light Earth, in an open Situa-
tion, where the Plants will come up
| foon after ; and when they are about
two Inches high, they muft be tranf-
planted out, either into freth Beds of
light Earth, or in the Bordtrs of the

|
|

—

MO
Pleafure-garden, placing them at @
good Diitance; for their Branches

will extend pretty far, if the Soil. ©

be rich ; and when they have taken
Root, they will require no farther
Care, but only to keep them clear
from Weeds, and faften them to
Sticks, to prevent their being broken
by Winds when they advance ; for
they will grow upward of three Feet
high.

In Fuly thefe Plants will flower,
and if the Seafon proves warm, their
Seeds will be perfe€ted in September 5
but if the Seafon is cold and moi,
they commonly perifh without pro-.
ducing good Seeds in this Country ;
for which Reaion thefe Piants fhould
be raifed in Autumn, and preferved ©

thro’ the Winter under a common «

Frame, and in the Spring tranfplant-
ed out, as before, when they will
flower early, and produce good
Seeds.

MOLY, Wild Garlick.

The CharaGers are ;

It agrees in every refpe& with the
Garlick, to whichGenus mr.ny Botanifts
have joined thefe Plants : the Flowers
are produced in an Umbel.

The Species are;

1. Mory Jatifolium Ililiforum.
C.B. P. Broad-leav’d Moly of Thea-
phraftus.

z. Morty latifolium Indicum. C,
B.P. Broad-leav’d Indian Moly.

3. Moty Jatifolium Hi/panicum.
C. B.P. Broad-leav’d Spanij> Moly,
with purple Flowers. }

4. Mory Jatifolium, favo fore.
H. Eft. Broad-leav’d yellow Moly.

5. Morty anguftifolum umbella~
tum. C. B. P, Narrow-leav’d Moly,
commonly call’d Homer's or Diofcori-
des’s Moly.

6. Mory anguftifolium, foliis re-
fiexis, C.B. P. - Narrow -leavd
Moly, with reflex’d Leaves, com-
monly call’d the Serpent Moly.

Mmm z 7. Moir

MO |

4. Mouy mofehatum, capillacéo
Jolie. G. B.P. The {weet Moly of
Montpelicr, vulzo.

There are fome other Varieties of
this Plant, which are preferv’d in
curious Botanic Gardens abroad ;
‘but thofe here mentioned are what I
have obferv’d in the Exglifs Gar-
dens. |

They are all very hardy Plants,
and may be eafily multiplied by

their Off-fets, which they fend forth ,

_ In great Plenty: the beft Seaion to
tranfplant them is in 4uguf? or Sep-
tember, juft after their Leaves decay ;
for if they are permitted to remain
long after, and the Seafon fhould
prove moift, they will fend forth
frefh Fibres, when it wil! be too late
to remove them, unlefs they are
taken up with Balls of Earth.
They will grow in almoft any Soil
‘or Situation; but will thrive beft in
a light fandy Soil, and an open Ex-
pofure.
They commonly produce their
Flowers in May and une, except
the {weet - fcented Montpelier Kind,
which feldom flowers till 4ugu/?; and
are pretty Varieties in the large Bor-
ders of the Pleafure-garden, where,
‘being intermix’d with other bulbous-
rooted Flowers, they afford an agree-
able Variety ; but they fhould not
be permitted to remain longer than
- two Years before they are tranf plant-
ed, becaufe they produce a great
Number of Off-fets (efpecially Ho-
mer’s. Moly}, which, if not taken
from the old Roots, willftarve them,
and caufe their Flowers to be very
weak.
MOMOBRDICA, Male Balfam-
apple. ,
The Charadters are :
The Flower confifis of owe Leaf, is
' of the expanded bell fbaped Kind, but
"fa deeply cut, as to appear compos'd of
fue diflin Leaves

.

_ Male Balfam-apple of Ceylon, with

» the open Air) they will produce their

2 thefe Flowers:

MoO

are fome Male (or barren), others
Female, growing upon the Top of the
Embryo, which is afterward chang-
ed into a Fruit, which is flehy, and
Sometimes more or lefs tapering, and © 4
hollow; and when ripe, seal
burfis, and cafts forth the Seeds with
an E lafiicity 5 which Seeds are wrap-* i
ped up in a membranous Covering, and — ‘
arc, for the mo part, indented om
their Edges. f
The Species are ; a }
. Momorpica wulgaris. Tourn, —

The common Male Baliam-apple.
z. Momoroica Zeylanica, pam=-
pinea fronde, frudiu breviort. Tourn,
Male Balfam apple of Ceylon, with
Vine-leaves, and a longer Fruit.
3. Momoroica Zeylanica, pam-
pinea fronde, frudtu longiori, Tourn,

Vine-leaves, and a longer Fruit. |
4. Momorpica Americana, fru- |
&u reticulato ficco, Com. Rar. Male |
Balfam-apple of America, with a dry
netted Fruit. a
Thefe Plants are all annual : their Y

the Beginning of March; and, wheal |
the Plants come up, they fhould be ¥
tranfplanted out into a frefh Hot- —
bed, after the manner of Cucum- | ,
bers or Melons, putting two Plants
of the fame Kind under each Light,
and the Plants watered and fhaded
unul they have taken Root ; after
which they muft be treated asCu- | *
cumbers, permitting their Branches
to extend upon the Ground in the —
fame manner, and obferve to keep 7
them clear Shai Weeds. |
With this Management provided 1,
you do not let them have toomuch | *
Wet, or expofe them too much to

Froit in Fudy, and their Seeds will | ”’
ripen in 4uguft, when you muftob- |“
ferve to gather it as foon as you fee —
the Fruit open, otherwite it will. b
cat

MO:
caft abroad, and with Difficulty ga-
thered up again.
| Thefe Plants are preferved in
| curious Gardens for the Oddnefs of
| their Fruit; but as they take upa
great deal of room in the Hot-beds,
| requiring frequent Attendance, and
| bemg of little Beauty or Ufe, fo
| they are not much cultivated in
England, except in Botanic Gardens
| for Variety.
| . There are fome Perfons who put
| thefe Plants in Pots, and faften them
up to Stakes, to fupport the Vines
from trailing on the Ground, and
| place the Pots in Stoves ; where,
when they are fkilfully managed,
they will produce their Fruit tole-
rably well: and in this way they
make a better Appearance, than
when the Vines fpread on the
Ground, like Cucumbers and Me-
| lons. The third and fourth Sorts
feldom perfect their Seeds, unlefs
| they are fown early in the Spring,
) and brought forward by being re-
| moved injo two Hot-beds: but it is
| the beft way to put thefe Plants in-
to Pots very young; for they donot
| tranfplant well when they have
grown any Length: therefore they
| fhould be each planted in a {mall
| Pot, as foon as they put out the
@ third, or rough Leaf; and when
the Roots have filled thefe Pots, the
_ Plants may be fhaken out, preferv-
) ing all the Earth about their Roots,
| and put into larger Pots; but itill
} continued in the Hot-hed, until the
_ Plants are too high to remain under
'the Glafles; when they may be
remov'd into the Stove, and. kept
| duly watered; as alio a large Share
| of free Air admitted to them in
| warm Weather, without which the
| Plants will grow fickly, and pro-
| duce no Fruit.
MONARDA.

The Charaers are;

MO

The Empalement of the ‘Flower is >
tubulous and ftreaked, confiftirig of one

Leaf,’ and divided at the BrimGnto

five equal Parts: the Flower is of
one Leaf, of the lip-fbaped Kind ; the
upper Lip being ere, narrow, and in- .
tire: the Under-lip (or Beard ) is broad,
and cut into three Segments ; the Middle
being long and narrow ; but the other
two broad and blunt: in the Centre of .
the Flower is fituated the fquare
Pointal, attended by two Stamina,
and four Embryoes, which afterward
are fo many round Secds inclofed in the
Empalement. ;
The Species are ;

1. Monarpa foribus capitatis, *
cauleobtufo. Lin. Vir. Monarda with
an obtufe Stalk, and Flowers col-
lected in an Head, commonly call’d
Ozweega Tea.

z. Monarna fortbus verticillatis.
Lin. Hort. Cliff. - Monarda with
Flowers growing in Whorles,

3. Mowarpa /foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis, verticillis lateralibus dichoto-
mis corymbofis, foliolis inaegualibus
exceptis. Flar. Virg. Monarda with
hoary {weet-fcented Leaves.

4. Monarda /pica interrupta,
involucris longitudine ‘verticillorum
lanceolatis. Flor. Virg. American Field
Bafil, with a purple-{potted Flower.

The firft Sort is, by Dr. Tourne-
fort, called a Leonurus. ‘This was
figured and defcribed by Cornutus,
in his Book of Canada Plants, by
the Title of Origanum Canadenfe fi-
fiulofum. ‘This Plant.is very com-
mon in moft of the Northern Parts of
America, where the Inhabitants drink
an Infufion of this Herb as Tea, and
call it Oxweega Tea : there are fome
Perfons in England who are fond of
this Herb for the fame Purpofe, ufing
it inftead of Baum.

The firft and fecond Sorts are
beautiful Garden -.plants: the firit ©
produces large Heads of fine fcarlet

Mmm 3 . Flowers,

!

”

:

M O
Flowers, which continue long in
Beauty ; efpecially if they are placed
in a moift fhady Situation, where
they laft near two Months in Flower,
in Fuly and Auguff. This is an
abiding Plant, which propagates
eafily by its trailing Branche:, which,

lying upon the Ground, ftrike out

Roots ; fo may be taken off, and
tran{planted: it may be alfo propa-
gated by Slips, in the fame manner
as Mint, or by parting of the Roots.
The beft time to tranfplant them is
in the Autumn, that they may be
well rooted before the Froft comes
on; and then there will be no Dan-
ger of their fuffering by Cold, nor
from the dry Weather in the Spring;
fo will flower ftrong. ‘This Sort will
abide the fevereft Cold, in the open
Air.

The fecond Sort produces Flow-
ers of a yellowifh Colour, fpotted
with black; which, together with
the purple Leaves, which embrace
the Stalks juft under the Whorles of
Flowers, make a fine Appearance.
‘This and the third Sorts feldom con-
tinue longer than two Years ; and as
they feldom produce good Seeds in
‘England, fothey are not fo common
as the firft Sort in the Exgli/s Gar-
dens. The fourth Sort will con-
tinue many Years, and may be pro-
pagated in the fame manner as the
firft; but as there is little Beauty in
it, few Perfons preferve it in their
Gardens. |

When the Seeds of thefe Plants
are obtained from America, they
Should be fown upon a Bed of light
Farth in Spring; and, if it is kept
moiit, many of the Plants will come
up the firft Seafon; but they often
lie in the Ground till the Year af-
ter; fo the Ground fhould not be
difturbed.

MONBIN, ‘The Hog Plum-
tree.

M O
The Charafers ares
It hath a rofe-fbaped Floawer, con-
Sifting of feveral Leaves, which are
ranged in a circular Order; from

whofe Cup arifes the Pointal, which

_ afterward becomes an oval fichy foft

Fruit inclofing an bard Stone; in which
are contained four Kernels or Seeds.

We have but one Sort of this
Tree; wiz.

Monegin arbor, foliis fraxini,
Sru&tu luteo racemofo. Plum. Nov.Gen.
‘The Hog Plum-tree, va/go.

This Tree is a Native of the
warmett Parts of America, where it
grows in the Savanna’s, and low
marfhy Places, in great Plenty. It
rifes to be forty or fifty Feet high,
and divides into a great many crook-
ed Branches, which are befet with
winged Leaves fomewhat like thofe
of the Afh-tree. The Flowers,
which appear in the Spring, are pro-
duced in large pyramidal Bunches at
the Extremity of the Branches, which
are of a white Colour, and are very

{weet : thefe are fucceeded by feve- —

ral yellow oval-fhaped Plums, grow-'
ing in Clufters. The Wood of this
Tree, being foft, is ufed inftead of
Cork, to ftop Bottles, in America.

This, being a very tender Tree, —

muft be conftantly kept in the Stove,
otherwife it cannot be preferved in’
this Country. It may be propagated
by Cuttings (which is the moft com-
mon Method practifed in America):
but if thefe are to be brought into
Exgland, they fhould be planted
pretty clofe together in Tubs of

Earth, and placed in a fhady Situa-

tion, until they have taken good
Root, before they are put on board
the Ship; and in their Paffage they”
muft be kept from falt Water : When
they arrive in pretty good Health,

they fhould be carefully taken out of |

the Tubs, and each planted into a

feparate Pot filled with light rich
Earth,

MO
Earth, and plunged into a moderate

Hot-bed of Tanners Bark, obferv-
ing frequently to refrefh them with

Water : If they come over in an hot .

Seafon, it will be proper to fhade
them from the Sun until they are
rooted ; and at that Seafon they will
require but a very moderateWarmth
in the Hot - bed ; for too great
Warmth would then be very injuri-
ous tothem. But when they arrive
Jate in the Year, the Bed fhould have
a larger Share of Heat, in order to
forward their Rooting, before the
Winter's Cold comes on. |

Thefe Plants may alfo be propa-

"gated by fowing of their Stones,

which fhould be brought over as
frefh as poffible. Thefe fhould be
fown in the Spring of the Year, in
{mall Pots filled with light rich

| Earth, and then plunged intoan Hot-.

bed of Tanners Bark ; where, if the
Bed is in a good Temperature for

_ Heat, and the Pots of Earth are du-
_ ly moiftened, the Plants will come

up in about a Month, or fix Weeks,

_ after fowing, when they fhould have
_ frefh Air admitted to them every
_ Day, in proportion to the Warmth
_ of the Seafon; and they muaft be
frequently refrefhed with Water.

When the Plants are fit to tranfplant,
each Plant fhould be planted in a

_ feparate fmall Pot filled with light

wich Earth, and then plunged into
the Hot-bed again, where they muft
have a pretty large Share ef irefh
Air in warm Weather.

When the Plants have grown fo

| large as to have filled the Pots with

their Roots, they fhould be fhifted
into others of a larger Size, being

_ careful not to fhake the Earth from
their Roots.
_ plunged inte the Hot- bed again,

They muft then be

provided the Plants are not too tall

to fland under the‘Glaffes, without
|

Injury to their Leaves; in which

M O

Cafe they muft be plunged into the |

Bark-bed in the Stove, where they

may haveroom to advance in Height: -

but if they have room in the Hot-
bed, they may remain there till about
Michaelmas, when the Nights begin

to be cold ; at which time they muft -

be removed into the Stove, and
plunged into the Bark-bed in the
warmeft Part of the Stove. During
theWinter-feafon they muft be often
refrefhed with Water ; but it matt
not be given them in large Quanti-
ties when the Seafon is cold, efpeci-
ally if they fhould caft their Leaves,
which they frequently do toward the
Spring ; then they muft have but
little Water, until they put out new
Leaves ; becaufe too much Moifture
‘is injurious to them when they are
in almoft an unactive State.

This Plant has produced Fruit in
England, which has ripened well :
bucas there is little Flefh upon them,
they are {carce worth cultivating in
England, for the fake of their Fruit:
but thofe Perfons who are curious
in Exotic Plants, fhould not be
without a Plant er two of this Sort,

becaufe it makes an agreeable Ap- .

pearance when it is in Flower, as
alfo in Fruit.

As the Plants obtain Strength,
they may be treated a little more
hardily than while young ; and they
will be longer lived ; for when they
are forced teo much by Heat, they
feldom continue above three or four
Years : they always caft their Leaves
in Winter; and thofe Fruits which.
have been produced in England, ri-
pesed upon the Plants after the
Leaves had fallen: the Fruit, when
ripe, had the Appearance of a Sweet-
meat. candied over.

MONTIA.

The Chara&ers are;

It hath a. funnel-foaped Flower,
confifting of one Leaf, whofe under

Mmm 4 : Part

"

MO

Part is tubulous; but the upper-Part.is

expanded, and cut into five Segments.t

the Fruit which fucceeds the Flower,
is a bicapfular flat Seed-veffel,rwbich
is furrounded on the Borders with a
Plume, which expands like Rays.

We have but one Plant of this
Genus ; viz.

MontTia arborefeens, abutili folio
ferrato, frudiu racemofo.Hou/?. Vree-
like Montia, with a fawed Abutilon-

leaf, and the Fruit growing in.

Bunches.

This Plant was difcovered by the
Jate Dr. William Houftoun, near Old
La Vera Cruzin New Spain, who
gave this Name to it.in Honour to
Dr. Monti, Profeflor of Botany at
Bononia.

It grows about fixteen or eighteen
Feet high, and hatha woody Stem,
which divides into feveral Branches :
thefe are befet with Leaves, fome-
what like thofe of the yellow Mal-
low, which are five Inches long, and
four broad, ending in a Point: thefe
are fawed round the Edges, and
have a Down on their Under-fides.
The Flowers are of a greenifh-yel-
low Colour, and are produced in
Bunches.. The Seafon of its Flow-
ering is in Yazuary, in the native
‘Place of itsGrowth ; and in Ezrope
it generally flowers a little earlier,
commonly by the End of Newember;
and the Seeds are ripe in March.

This Plant is propagated by Seed,
which fhould be fown early in the
Spring on an Hot-bed ; and when
the Plants are come up about two
Inches high, they fhould each be
tranfplanted into a feparate {mall
Pot filled with frefh light Earth, and
plunged into a moderate Hot-bed,
being careful to fhade them from the
Sen until they have takenRoot; after
which time they muit have a large

Share of frefh Air admitted to them

‘Middle of the Summer they will Ms

Ae ky eee. Cee “
OM - i
in Warm Weather; and they muft
be duly watered. In this Hot-bed
the Plants may remain till Autumn,
when they muft be removed into
the Stove; and the firft Year, while
the Plants are young, it will be pro-
per to plunge them into the Bark- —
bed : but the following Winters —
they will do very well in the dry —
Stove, which fhould be kept up to
a temperate Heat. And in the

ees

bear to be expofed for near three
Months, provided they are placed in
a warm Situation. In hot Weather
thefe Plants muft be frequently _—
watered; and as they advance in
their Growth, fhould be fhifted in- + ~
to larger Pots filled with frefh light —
Earth. With this Management the ~
Plants will thrive very well, and —
in two or three Years will produce ©
Flowers and Seeds. It may alfo ©
be propagated by Cuttings, which
fhould be planted in Fudy, in Pots of ©
rich Earth, and plunged into avery —
moderate Hot-bed of Tanners Bark,
and in the Day-time fcreened from
the Sun : thefe Cuttings will be ~
rooted by the Beginning of Sepiem-
Ler, when they fhould be each tranfe
planted into a {mall Pot, and plung=
ed again into the Hot-bed. till they 7
have taken Root; and afterward
they may be treated: as the old ay
Plants. ’
MORINA.
. The CharaGers are; ee
It hath a tubulous anomalous pet= ~~
fonated Flower, confifiing of one Leaf, ©
which is. divided inio two Lips t\
the Upper-lip is again dividéd into
‘tao Paris ; but the Under-lip is divin 4
Ged into three: from the Flowser-cup, oe .
avhich is, for the moft part, bifid,
arifes the Pointal, fixed-like a Nail © |
in theBinder-part of the Flower : but sd
is barren ; for the Flower-cup refis omy

the

_.
ad
a

| MO
the Embryo; and is furrounded by
another Cup as a Sheath, in which are
many roundifo and angular Seeds.

We have but one Sort of this
Plant ; viz.

-Morina Orientalis, carline folio.
Tourn. Cor.
a Leaf of the Carline Thiftle. |

This Plant was difcovered by Dr.
Tournefort, in his Travels inthe Le-
vant, who gave it this Name in Ho-
nour toDr.Morin, aPhyfician atPavis.

This Plant is propagated by Seed,
which fhould be fown foon after it
is ripe in the Autumn, otherwife the
Plants will not come up the follow-
ing Summer ; for I have feveral
times obferved, where the Seeds have
been fown in the Spring, they have
remained in‘the Ground fourteen of
fifteen Months before the Plants
have appeared. Thefe Seeds fhould
be fown in the Places where the
Plants are to remain, becaufe they
fend forth Tap-roots, which run
‘very deep into the Ground; and
when thefe are broken or injured
in tranfplanting, the Plants feldom
thrive after. ‘They may be fown
in open Peds or Borders of freth light
Earth, being careful to mark the
Places, that the Ground may not be
difturbed ; for it frequently happens,
that the Seeds do not come up the
firft Year, when they are fown in
Autumn ; but when they are fown
in the Spring, they never come up
the fame Year, The Ground where
the Seeds are fown muft be kept
_ clear from Weeds ; which is all that
jis neceflary to be done ,until the
Plants come up ; when, if theSeafon
fhould prove dry, it will be proper
to refrefh them two or three times
a Week with Water: and where
they come up toa clofe together;
they fhould be thinned fo asto leave
them near eighteen Inches apart :
after which time they will require

Eaftern Morina, with.
' Plants.

MoO

no other Culture but to keep them
-conftantly clear from Weeds ; and?
in the Spring, juft before the Plants
put out new Leaves, to ftir the
Ground gently between them ; and
lay a little frefh Earth over the Sur-
face of the Bed, to, encourage the

In Autumn thefe Plants decay to
the Ground, and fend forth new
Leaves the following Spring: but-
it will be-three Years from the time
of the Plants firft coming up, to their
Flowering ; tho’ after that time they
will flower every Seafon; and the
Roots will continue many Years,
provided they are not difturbed.
Thefe Plants, when in Flower, make
an agreeable Diverfity, when mixed
with other hardy flowering peren-
nial Plants; and as they do notre- .
quire much Care to cultivate them,
they deferve room in every good
Flower-garden.

MORUS, The Mulberry-tree.

The CharaGZers are ;

It hath large rough roundifo Leaves:
the Male Fliwwers (or Katkins, which
have a Calyx confifting of four:
Leaves) are fometimes produced upon
feparate Trees, at other times at re-
mote Diftances from the Fruit on the.
fame Tree: the Fruit is compofed of
feveral Protuberances, to each of:
which adbere four fnall Leaves: the:
Seeds are roundifh, growing fingly in’
each Pratuberance. °

The Spectes are ;

1. Morus fru&u nigro. C. B. P.
The common black Mulberry.

z. Morus fru&u albo. C.B. P.
The white Mulberry.

3. Morus fru&u nigro minori,
foliis eleganter laciniatis. Tourn.
The lefler black Mulberry, with
Leaves neatly jagged.

4. Morus fra albo minori, ex
albo purpurafcente. Tourn. ‘The
{mall purplifh-white Mulberry.

aes ~ 5. Morus

M O
' 5. Morus Virginiana, foliis la-
tiffimis feabris, fru@u rubro longiori.
Cat. Plant. Hort. ‘The broad-
leav'd Virginian Mulberry, with
long red Fruit.

6. Morus Virginienfis arbor, lo-
ti arboris inftar ramofa, foliis amplif-
fimis. Pluk. Phyt. The large-leav'd
Virginian Mulberry, with blackith
Shoots, fomewhat like thofe of the
Lote or Nettle-tree.

The firft of thefe Sorts is very
common in moft Gardens, being
planted for the Delicacy of its Fruit:

it may be propagated by fowing

the Seeds, or by laying down the
tender Branches, which in two Years
will take Root, and may then be
tran{planted into. the Places where
they are toremain. Thofe Plants
which are propagated from Seeds are
commonly the moft vigorous, and
generally make the ftraiteft Stems :
but then there isa very great Hazard
of their being fruitful ; for it often
happens, that fuch Plants are, for
the moft part, of the Male Kind,
which produce Katkins, but feldom
have much Fruit; for which Rea-
fon, thofe who are defirous to have
fruitful Trees, fhould always propa-
gate them by Layers from fuchTrees
_ as produce plenty of good Fruit,
ér choofe fuch as they have feen bear
in the Nurfery: but as the Trees
thus raifed are fubject to have-crook-
ed unfightly Stems, there fhould be
Care taken in the Choice of ftrait
Shoots to make Layers ; and when
they are tran{planted out, they
fhould have ftrait Stakes fixed down
by each, to which they fhould be
faftened as the Shoor is extended,
until it comes to the Height you
defign the Stem ; then you may
fuffer the Branches to extend as
they are inclinable; for this Tree
fhoald not be often prun’d ; but only

MO

fuch Branches fhould be cut off
which fhoot crofs, and bruife them-
felves by rubbing againft each other ;
and fuch as decay fhould alfo be cut

off,

This Tree delights in a light Soil,
not too wet, nor over-dry ; and
fhould have an open Expofure ; for
if it be planted too near to other
Trees or Buildings, fo as to be fha-
ded thereby, the Fruit feldom ripens
well; tho’, if they are planted ina
Situation where they may be de-
fended from the violent Weft and
South-weft Winds, which very often
blow down and deftroy great Quan-
tities of the Fruit, it will be of great
Advantage; but they fhould always
be open to the Eaft and South-eaft
Sun, which is of great Service in dry-
ing up the Moifture which lodges
upon the Surface of their Leaves in
the Night ; and not only retards the
Fruit, but renders it ill-tafted and
watry. And as this Fruit continues
late in Autumn, where the Trees
are not well expofed to the Sun, the
Fruit will turn mouldy’ upon the

Trees, efpecially in damp Weather, ©

or in cool Nights.

This Tree delights to grow in rich
light Earth, fuch as are the Kitchen-
gardens near London, where the Soil

is alfo deep ; in which Places there —

are fome very large Trees, which
have been many Years flanding; and
thefeold Trees producea much great-
er Quantity of Fruit than any of the

young Trees, allowing for their Pro- —

portion ; and theFruit area'fo larger,
and better fiavour’d : thefe oldTrees
produce few Male Flowers ; for I
have conftantly obferved, that as the
Trees advance in Age, their Num-
ber of Male Flowers decreaf-s in
proportion. I have alfo obferved
fome Trees, which, while young,
produced chiefly Male Flowers, af-

ter

’ MO

ter twenty Years ftanding, have pro-
duced plenty of Fruit, and few Male
Flowers. |

Where thefe Trees are planted
Gn a very ftrong or fhallow Soil, they
feldom make any Progrefs, efpecial-
ly where the Bottom is either Clay
or Chalk ; in both which Soils they
_ grow moffy, and never make much
Progrefs. |

The Soil under thefe Trees fhould
alfo be every Year well dug and ma-
nured ; tho’ there will fcarce any
Sort of Plants grow under them :

but it is of great Advantage to the
Fruit, notwithftanding what may
have been faid to the contrary,

The white Mulberry is commonly
cultivated for its Leaves to feed Silk-
worms, in France and Jtaly, &c. tho”
the Perjians always make ufe of the
common black Mulberry for that
Purpofe: and I have been affured
by a Gentleman of Honour, who
hath made Trial of both Sorts of
Leaves, that the Worms fed with
thofe of the black Sort produce much
better Silk than thofe fed with the
White : but he obferves, that the
Leaves of the black Sort fhould ne-
ver be given to the Worms, after
they have eaten for fome time of the

_ white, left the Worms fhould burtt ;
_ whichis often the Cafe, when they
are thus treated,

The Trees which are defigned to
. feed Silk-worms, fhould never be
fuffered to grow tall, but rather
kept in a fort of Hedge ; and inftead
of pulling off the Leaves fingly, they
fhould be fheared off together with
their young Branches ; which is
much fooner done,and not fo injuri-
ous to the Tree.

This white Sort may be propaga-
ted either from Seeds or Layers, as
the black Mulberry, and is equally
hardy : but the moft expeditions Me-
thod of raifing thefe Trees in Quan-

y

M O

tity, is from the Seeds ; which may
be procured in plenty from the South
of France, or Italy: the beft way to
fow thefe Seeds in Exgland is, to
make a moderate Hot-bed, which
fhould be arched over with Hoops,
and covered with Mats: upon this
Bed the Seeds fhould be fown in the
middle of March, and covered over
with light Earth about a Quarter of
an Inch deep: in very dry Weather
the Bed muft be frequently watered ;
and in the Heat of the Day thaded
with Mats ; and alfo covered in the
Nights when they are cold’: with
this Management the Plants will
come up in five or fix Weeks; and
as they are tender when they firft
appear, they muit be guarded againft
frofty Mornings, which often hap-
pen in May, and deftroy fuch tender
Plants: if thefe Plants are watered
in dry Weather, and kept clear from
Weeds, they will-emake good Pro-
grefs the firft Year: but there muft
be Care taken of them the firft Win-
ter, efpecially to cover them in Au-
tumn, when the firft Frofts come,
which will kill the tenderPlants to the
Ground, if they are not protected :
the following March thefe Plants
fhould be tran{planted into the Nur-
fery to get Strength, where they
may remain two or three Years ; and
then fhould be removed where they
are to continue.

There are two or three Varieties
of this Tree, which difter in the
Shape of their Leaves, Size and Co-
lour of their Fruit : but as they are
of no otherUfe than for theirLeaves,

the ftrongeft-fhooting and thelargeft-

leaf'd Sort fhould be preferr'd.
The large-leav’'d Virginian Sort,
with long red Fruit, is at prefent
very fcarce in England, tho’ it feems
to be the common Sort, which grows
fpontaneoufly in the Woods of Ame-
rica: this may be propagated from
Seeds,

/

- -
OE a ee ee ee ee

M O
Seeds, or by laying down the Bran-

ches, as the common Sort : it is very ©

hardy, and willendure the Cold of
_ @ur Winters in the open Air very
well. ‘The Leaves of this Kind are
very Jarge, and feem to be as pro-
per for teeding of Silk-worms as
thofe of the common Sor: ; fo that
Hf ever the Project ot eftablifhing a
Silk Manufactory in the We/i-Indies
fhou d be fet on foot, there would ve
BO occabon of their fending over
for ‘Viulberry-trees, as hath been by

fome provo'ed, fince they will find a —

fnfficient Qua «tity in ali che Woods
of that Counrry

The large leaf’d Virginian Mul-
berry, wita black Shoots, is ftill
more uncommon than any of the
former: there 1s a large Plant of
this Kind growing in the Gardens
of the Bifhop of Lowden at Fulbam,
which has been feveral Years an In-
habitant of that Garden; -but has
mever produced any Fruit, that I
could learn; but hath fome Years
a great Number of Katkins, much
like thofe of the Hazel nut, which
eccafioned Mr. Ray to give it the
Name of Cory/us; but it may be one
ef the Male Trees, which never
produce Fruit, as it fometimes hap-
pens in the common Sorts of Mul-
berries, the Leaves being very like
thofe of the black Mulberry, but
fomewhat larger and rougher.

This ‘Tree has not been propaga-
ted yet in this Country; for tho’ it
has been budded and grafted upon
both the black Mulberries, yet I
can’t hear, that it hath fucceeded
upon either; and the Tree, being
pretty tall, can’t be laid down,
which is the moft likely -Method to
propagate it: this is very hardy,and
will endure the Cold of our Climate
in the open Air very well, and is co-
veted as a Curiofity by fuch as de-

MU
light in the Variety of Trees and.
Shrubs.

MOSCHATELLINA, Tuberous
Mofchatel. .

_ The Charaers are;

It hath a Flower confifling of one
Leaf, which is divided at the Brim
into many Parts, from whofe Cup
arifes the Pointal, fixed like a Nail
in the middle of the Flower, which
afterward becomes a foft fucculent
Berry ; in which are contained many
fiat Seeds ;

We have but one Sort of this
Plant ; wiz,

MoscHate.uina folits fumarie

bulbofe. F. B. Mofchatel with
Leayes like thofe of the bulbous Fu-
mitory., — . |

~ ‘Ybis Plant grows wild in fhady
molt Places in feveral Parts of Eng-

land: it flowers the Latter-end of 4

March, or the Beginning of April;
and the Leaves decay. about the
Middle of Yuney when the Roots
may be taken up, and tranfplanted.
Thefe fhould have a pretty ftrong
Soil; and if they are planted under

Thickets of Shrubs, they will thrive

much better thanin an open Expo-

fure. «ia
The Flowers are of a green- —

ifh-white Colour; fo ate not very
beautiful: but as the Plants will
thrive under Trees, and require no

ee ae

1d bows Shee

:

on
nal ae Oe

Care in their Culture ; therefore i

they may have a Place in Gardens, _

for the fake of Variety.
MOSS. Vide Nufcus.

MOTHERWORT. Vide Cardi- |

aca.
MUNTINGIA.
The Chara&ers are; =e
It hath a rofe foaped Flower, con-
fifting of five Leaves, which are.
placed in a: circular Order; from
whofe Cup arifes the Pointal, which
afterward becomes a globular foft
Pfs

M U
fifty umbilicated Fruit, in which are
| contained many fmall Seeds.

The Species are ;
| 1. Muntinoia folio fericeo moll,
| fruGtu majori. Plum. Nov. Gen.
Muntingia with a foft filky Leaf,
and a larger Fruit. "

z. Muntincia folio ulmi afpe-

ro, frudiu. minimo glomerato. Plum,
| Nov. Gex. Muntingia with a rough
Elm-leaf;and the leaft Fruit grow-
ing in Clufters..
_ 3. Muwrtineta folio corni, frudu
minore. Plum. Nov. Gen. Mune
tingia with a Cornel-leaf, and a
lefler Fruit.

Thefe Plants are Natives of the
Iflands in America: the firit Sort is
figured and defcribed by Sir Hazs
Sloane, in his Hiflory of Jamaica, by
the Name of Loti arboris folio an-
gufiore, rubi fore, Fc. This Sort
grows thirty Feet high or upward,
in its native Soil; but in England 1
have not feen any of them above
‘ten Feet high : this cafts its Leaves in
Winter, and will fometimes continue
without Leaves a whole Year, efpe-
cially if the Plants are not kept
«varm : the Leaves of this Sort are
covered with a fort of Down on
their Under-fide, and have three large
Ribs running longitudinally in each:
the Fruit is fhaped fomewhat like a
| {mall Medlar ; and whenripe, is of
~ adark-brown Colour : the Seeds of
all thefe Sorts were fent from 7a-
maica by Mr. Robert Millar,

_ The third and fourth Sorts feldom
grow more than twelve or fourteen
Feet high in their native Country :
but in England I have not feen any
above half that Height: the Leaves
of the fecond Sort refemble thofe of
the Eim ; but are extremely rough :
the Flowers of this Sort are very
{mall, and are produced in Clufiers ;
the Fruit is about the Size of a {mall

MU
Pea, at firft of a yellowith green
but afterward turns black.

Thefe do not make any great Ap- -
pearance ; fo are feldom cultivated
in Gardens, unlefs by fome who are
curious in the Study of Plants.

They may be propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown in Pots
filled with light rich Earth, and
plunged into a moderate Hot- bed of
Tanners Bark, where they fhould be
duly watered ; and in warm Wea-
ther the Glaffles fhould be raifed to
admit frefh Air. ‘Thefe Seeds will
often remain in the Ground a whole
Year before the Plants will appear ;
in which Cafe the Pots muft be kept
conftantly clear from Weeds, and
fhould remain in the Hot-bed tillaf
ter Michaelmas, when they may be
removed into the Stove, and plunged
into the Bark-bed, between other
Pots of tall Plants, under which they
will very well ftand ; and therefore
may be crouded in, where Plants
will not thrive. During the Wins
ter-feafon the Pots fhould be -now-
and-then watered, when the Earth
appears dry ; and in the Beginning
of March the Pots fhould be reme-

, ved out of the “tove, and placed into

a frefh Bark-bed under Frames,
which will bring up the Plants foon
after. rae '

When the Plants are come up
about two Inches high, they fhould
be carefully taken out of the Pots,
and each planted into a feparate
fmall Pot filled with I'ght rich Earth,
and then plunged into the Hot-bed |
again, obferving to fhade them from
the Sun, until they have taken new
Root; after which time they fhould
be duly watered, and in warm Wea-
ther muft have a large Share of

frefh Air. In this Hot-bed the Plants

may remain until the Autumn, when
the Nights begin to be cold; at
om which

MU
which time they fhould be removed
into the Stove, and plunged into the
Bark-bed. During the Winter-fea-
fon thefe Plants muft be kept warm,
efpecially while they are young, and
frequently refrefhed with Water :
but it muft not be given to them in
large Quantities at this Seafon, left
it rot the tender Fibres of their
Roots. It will be proper to con-
tinue thefe Plants in the Stove all

the Year ; but in warm Weather:

they fhould have a large Share of
Air, and Plenty of Water : yet, as
the Plants grow in Strength, they
will be more hardy, and may be
more expofed in Summer; and in
Winter will live in a dry Stove, if
kept in a moderate Degree of
Heat.

MULBERRY. Vide Morus.

MULLEIN. Vide Verbafcnm.

MURUCUIA.

The CharaGers are ;

It hath a rofe-/baped Flower, con-
Sifting of feveral Leaves, which are
placed in a circular Order 3 and is in-
clofed in amany-leav’d Cup: theMiddle
of the Flower is occupied by a Tube,
foaped like the Trunk of a Cone; out of
ewhich arifes the Pointal, with the
Embryo on the Top, on which reft three
Clubs or Nails, and under them the
Stamina: the Embryo afterward be-
comes a fielhy oval Fruit, having one
Cell, which is filled with Seeds, which
are covered with an Hood or Veil.
- There is but one Species of Mu-
rucuia; which is,

Mvrucuia folio lunato. Inft.R.H.
Murucuia with an horned Leaf.

This Plant is very nearly aliied to
the Paffion-flower, and is by fome
Authors ranged with them; but as
it differs from them in the Structure
of the Flower, having a_ large
Trunk in the Centre of the Flower,
which the Paffion-flowers have not,
Dr. Tournefort has feparated it from

MU

them, and applied this Name to if,
which is the dmerican Name given
to feveral Sorts of Paffion-flowers.

It grows in Jamaica, from whence
the Sceds may be procured. Thefe
Seecs fhould be fown early in the

Spring of the Year, on a moderate |

Hot-bed ; and when the Plants are
come up, they muft be tranfplanted
each into a feparate {mall Pot, and
plunged into an Hot-bed of Tan-
ners Bark, and then managed in the
fame manner as hath been dire¢ted

ers,
MUSA, The Plantain-tree.
The Chara@ers are;

It is a kind of Plant with a poly-
petalous anomalous Flower: the upper
Petal is excavated or hollowed like a
little Boat, and divided into three at
the Summit: the hither one is con-

cave, but the inward one pellated, or

in the Form of a Crefcent or Hulf-moon
Shield, and accompanied with two
little narrow - pointed Leaves: the

Calyx paffes into a cucumber foaped —
Fruit, that is foft, flefoy, covered

with a Skin divided, as it were, in-
to three Loculaments, in which these

appear, as it were, fome Rudiments of —

Seeds.
The Species are;
1. Musa frudu cucumerino longi-

ori. Plum. Nov. Genz. The Plantain-

tree, vulgo.

2. Musa caudice maculato, fra-

&u reo rotunda breviore odorate.
Sloan. Cat.
0.
Thefe Plants are very common in
the Eaf and Weft-Indi-s, as alfa
in moft hot Countries of the World.
They are carefully cultivated by
the Planters in the We/?- Indies, who
plant them in Jow rich Ground, by
the Sides of Gullies, where they.
produce Fruit moft Parts of the
Year, In England they are only pre-
. lerv

for the tender Sorts of Paffion-flow-

The Banana-tree, vul-—

M U

* ferved as Curiofities, where they
muft be conftantly kept in a Bark-
ftove ; for tho’ they may be kept
alive in another warm Stove, yet
they will make very little Progrefs
therein, and do not appear half fo
beautiful, their chief Ornament be-
ing the Largenefs of their Leaves,
which are fometimes fix Feet long,
and near two Feet broad: but as
thefe Plants take up a great deal of
room inthe Stove, efpecially when
they arrive to a confiderable Size ;
fo it is not convenient to keep more
than one Plant of each Kind.

During the Summer-feafon thefe
Plants muft be plentifully watered ;
for the Surface of their Leaves being
large, occafions a great Confumption
of Moifture, by Perfpiration, in hot
Weather ; but in the Winter they
muft be watered more fparingly ;
| tho’ at that Seafon they muft be of-
‘ten refrefhed; but Water muft not
be given them in fueh Quantities.

The Pots in which thefe Plants are
placed fhould be large, in propor-
tion tothe Size of the Plants ; for
their Roots generally extend pretty
* far; and the Earth fhould be rich
_ and light. The Degree of Heat
| with which thefe Plants thrive beft,
is much the fame with the dzaxza, or
| Pine-apple, in which I have had
_ many of thefe Plants produce their
Fruit in Perfection ; and they were
near twenty Feet high.

The moft fure Method to have
| thefe Plants fruit in Exgland, is, af-
_ ter they have grown for fome time
in Pots, fo as to have made good
| Roots, to fhake them out of the
. Pots with the Ball of Earth to their
_ Roots, and plant them into the Tan-
| bed in the Stove, obferving to lay a
| little old Tan near their Roots, for
their Fibres to ftrike into; and ina
|: few Months the Roots of thefe
) Plants will extend themfclves many

MU
Feet eachWay in the Bark ; and thefe
Plants will thrive a great deal fafter,
than thofe which are confined in Pots
or Tubs. When the Bark-bed wants
to be renewed with frefh Tan, there
fhould be great Cate taken of the

Roots of thefe Plants, not to cut or

break them, as alfo to leave a large
Quantity of the old Tan about them;
becaufe, if the new Tan is laid too
near them, it will {corch their Roots,

and injure them. Thefe Plants mu&
be plentifully fupplied with Water,
otherwife they will not thrive: ia
Winter they fhould be watered every

other Day, giving at leaft a Gallon

to each Plant; but in Summer they

mutt be watered every Day, and dou-

ble the Quantity given to them each

time. Ifthe Plants pufh out their

Flower-fiems in the Spring, there

will be Hopes of their perfecting

their Fruit ; but when they come out

late in the Year, the Plants will de-

cay before the Fruit is ripe. The

Stoves in which thefe Plants are

placed, fhould be at leaft twenty-

four Keet in Height, otherwife there

will not be room for their Leaves

to expand ; for when the Plants are

in Vigour, the Leaves are ofteneight

Feet in Length, and near three Feet

broad: fo that if the Stems grow to

be fixteen Feet to the Divifion of the

Leaves, and the Houfe is not twenty-

four Feet high, the Leaves will be

cramped, which will retard the

Growth of the Plants : befides, when

the Leaves are bent againfi the Glafs,

there will be Danger of their break-

ing them, when they are growing

vigoroufly ; for I have had,-in one

Night, the Stems of fuch bent

Leaves force thro’ the Glafs; and

the next Morning advanced two or

three Inches above the Glafs.

I have feen fome Branches of
Fruit of the firft Sort, which were
upwatd of forty Pounds Weight, and

per-

perfeétly ripe in Exgland: but this
is not fo good 2 Fruit, as'to tempt
any Perfon to be at the Expence of
‘yaifing them in England: the fecond
Sort is preferr’d to the firft, for the
Flavour of its Fruit, in ‘all thofe hot
Countries where thefe Plants abound:
the Bunches of thefe are not near fo
large as thofe of the firft Sort; nor
are the fingle Fruit near fo long:
thefe change to a deeper yellow Co-
lour, as they ripen; but their Tafte
is fomewhat like that of mealy Figs.
Some Perfons who have refided in the
Weft - Indies, having eaten fome of
thefe. Fruit, which were produced
in England, have thought them lit-
tle inferior to thofe which grew in
America®; and I imagine, that the
Inhabitants of thofe Countries would
not efteem thefe Fruits fo much, had
they Variety of other Sorts: but,
for want of better, they eat many
Kinds of Fruit, which would not be
valued in Exrope, could they be ob-
tained in Perfection.

Thefe Plants are eafily propaga-
ted, by cutting off an old Plant near
the Ground, which will occafion
their fhooting out feveral young ones
from the Root; which is the Man-
ner they are propagated in the hot
Countries: fo that after a Spot of
Ground is once planted with them,
they will continue feveral Years ;
for the old Plant producing one large
Bench of Fruit from the Centre,
when that is ripe, and cut off, the
whole Plant decays, and feveral
young ones fpring up from the
Roots, which, being produced one
after another fucceflively, afford the
Inhabitants Plants of various Size
and Age, which produce their Fruit
fucceffively in like manner.

It is the firft of thefe Species
which’ is chiefly cultivated in the
VF eft- Indies ; that, producing a much
larger Bunch of Fruit, is by the In-

MU

habitants greatly preferr’d to the
other, which is accounted a very

pleafant Fruit when ripe, and is by
many Perfons greatly coveted by
way of Deffert, being fofter and
more lufcious to the Tafte; but is
not fo much efteemed for Food.

Thefe Plants rife to be fifteen or —

twenty Feet high in the Wef- Indies;
to which Height they generally ar-
rive in about ten Months from their
firft planting ; foon after which they

produce their Fruit, and then de-

cay : they are of the quickeft Growth
of any Vegetable yet known. Sir
Hans Sloane {ays, one may almoft fee
them grow; he cut a young Tree
even at the Top with a Knife, which
immediately grew up difcernibly ;
and in an Hour’s time the middle
Leaves,which were wrapped up with-
in the others, were advanced above
them half an Inch.
MUSCARI, Mufk, or Grape
Hyacinth,. valgo. é
The CharaGers are; a
It hath a bulbous Root : the Leaves
are long and narrow: the Flower is
hermaphroditical, confifting of one.
Leaf, and foaped like a Pitcher, and
cut at Top into fix Segments, which
are refiexed: ihe Ovary becomes a
triangular Fruit, divided into three

Cells, which are full of round Seeds. __

The Species ares

1. Muscari arvenfe juncifolium
minus ceeruleum, Tourn, Common
leffer blue Grape-flower, or Muf-
cary. |

2. Muscari arvenfe juncifolium
exalbidum minus, Tourn. Leflerwhi-
tifh Grape-flower, or Mufcary.

3. Muscari obfoletiore flore ex
purpura virente. Cluf. Mutk Hya-
cinth, or Grape- flower, of a~vorn-
out purple-greenifh Colour,

4. Muscari ca@ruleum: majus.
Tourn. Greater blue Mufcary, or
Grape-flower. —s

ak nabiaise eK 00

a
“ 5
ae eon TA

5. MuscaRt ~

M U

_ §- Muscart arvenfe latifolium
purpurascens. Tourz. Broad-leawd
Mufcary or Grape-flower, with a
purplith Flower.
6. Muscart panicula comofa pur-
puro-viclacea. Boerh. Ind. ‘The fea-
ther’d Hyacinth, vulgo.
- 97.Muscari favo fore. Cluf. Hift.

The yellow Mufcary, or Grape-hya-
cinth; commonly called Tiscadi, or
Dipcady.

8. Muscari panicula cirrhofa
purpurea, longiore S ftriGiore. Boerb.
Led. Plant. Mufcary or Grape-hya-
cinth, with a feather’d Top.

The firft Sort is very common in
moft old Gardens, where, by its
_ plentiful Increafe, it is become fo
troublefome as to render it little
_ efteemed ; for when once thefe Roots
have taken Poffeffion of a Garden,
they are {carcely ever eradicated af-
'_terward ; the {malleft Off-fets grow-
ing, altho’ they are buried a Foot
under the Surface of the Ground.
This produces its Flowers in 4pri/
and May ; and if permitted to re-
main, will produce ripe Seeds in
| Fune: the Flowers of this Sort {mell
very like Starch. _

The fecand Sort is lefs common
than the firft, and is preferved by
-fuch as are curious in Flowers; tho’
it is a Plant of no great Beauty : this
As propagated by Off-fets, as the
common Hyacinth, and will thrive
in almoft any Soil or Situation ; but

beft in that which is warm and dry.
__ The third Sort is avery defpicable
Flower, to Appearance; but is chief-
ly preferved for its uncommon
Sweetnefs: this is alfo increafed as
the former, and produces its Flow~
ers much about the fame Seafon : but
1 as this doth not increafe fo fait as the
other, the Roots may remain three
Years before they are removed.

The fourth, fifth, fixth, and
eighth Sorts are alfo preferved in
. Vo Ly II,

MU

curious Gardens for Variety; but
neither of thefe have much Sweet-
nefs in their Flowers: thefe are alfo
propagated by Off fets, as the for-
mer ; but produce their Flowers later
in the Seafon.

The feventh Sort produces yellow
Flowers, which, when they decay,
change to a worn-out purplifh Co-
lour : the Flowers of this Kind are
extremely {weet; and having more
Beauty than either of the other Sorts,
itis generally more efteemed: but this
is not very common in the Englifo
Gardens at prefent.

There is another Sort of this,
which has been lately raifed in Ho/-
land, with very large orange-colour-
ed Flowers, which have a very agree-

~able Scent: but this is fo rare in Hole
land, as that the Gardeners give two
Guineas fora Root of it ; fo that un-
til the Price of thefe Roots is greatly
lower’d, we can’t expect to fee this
Sort in England; there being few
Perfons here, who care to give fuch
Prices for Flowers.

The proper Seafon for taking up
the Roots of thefe Flowers is in
Fuly, when their Leaves are de-
cayed; at which time they fhould
be fpread upon Mats, in a dry Place,
for a Fortnight, until their Bulbs be
dry’d, when they may be laid up,
each Sort by itfelf, until the Begin-
ning of O@ober, which is the Seafon

for planting moft of thofe bulbous-—

rooted Flowers; and the various
Sorts of thefe may then be intermix-
ed amongft other Flowers of the
fame Growth; where, in the Sea-
fon of their Flowering, they afford
an agreeable Variety. Thefe Roots
fhould never be permitted to remain
longer than two Years unremoved,
unlefs the third and feventh Sorts ;
for they multiply fo faft, that the
Number of their Off- fets would

greatly weaken the blowing Roots, |

Nan and

M U

and caufe theix Flowers to be very
fall; and the firft Sort, which in-

' creafes fo plentifully, would fll the

Borders with Off-fets, fo as not to be
clear’d out again.

MUSCIPULA. Vide Lychnis.

MUSCUS, Mofs.

Thefe, tho’ formerly fuppofed to
be only Excrefcencies produced from
the Earth, Trees, &c. yet are no lefs
perfect Plants than thofe of greater
Magnitude, having Roots, Branches,

Flowers, and Seeds; ,but cannot be’

propagated from the latter byany Art.

MUSHROOMS are, by many
Perfons, fuppofed to be produced
from the Putrefaction of the Dung,
Earth, &c. in which they are found;
but notwithitanding this Notion is
pretty generally received amongft
the unthinking Part of Mankind,
yet, by the curious Naturalilis, they
are efteemed perfect Plants; tho’
their Flowers and Seeds have not, as

yet, been difcovered. But fince they
may, and are annually propagated
by the Gardeners near London, and
ave (the efculent Sort of them) great-
ly efteemed by moft curious Palates,
I fhall briefly fet down the Method
practifed by the Gardeners who cul-
tivate them for Sale.

But, firft, it will not be improper
to give a fhort Defcription of the
true eatable Kind, fince there are fe-
veral unwholfome Sorts, which have
been, by unfkilful Perfons, gather-
ed for the Table.

The true Champignon, or Mufh-
room, appears at firlt of a roundith
Form, like a Button ; the Upper-
part of which, as alfo the Stalk, is
very white ; but being opened, the
Under-part is of a livid Flefh - co-
Jour; but the flefhy Part, when
broken,’is very white: when thefe
are fuffered to. remain undifturbed,
they will grow to a large Size, and
explicate themfelves almoit to a Flat-

a
nefs, and the red Part underneath —
will-change to a dark Colour. i

In order to cultivate them, if you
have no Beds in your own, or in -
neighbouring Gardens, which pro-
duce them, you fhould look abroad
in rich Pailures, during the Months
of Auguft and September, until you
find them (that being the Seafon
when they are produced); then you, .
fhould open the Ground about the —
Roots of the Mufhrooms, where you
will find the Earth, very often, full —
of {mall white Knobs, which are |
the Off-fets, or young Mufhrooms: —
thefe fhould be carefully gathered, ~
preferving them in Lumps with the
Earth about them: but as this Spawn
cannot be found in the Pafture, ex-
cept at the Seafon when the Mufh- —
rooms are naturally produced, you —
may probably find fome in old
Dunghils, efpecially where there has
been much Litter amongf it, and
the Wet hath not penetrated it to” ‘
rot it; as likewife, by fearching old
Hot-beds, it may be often founds ©
for this Spawn hath the Appearance —
of a white Mould, fhooting out in :
long Strings, by which it may be
eafily known, where-ever it is met
with; or this may be procured by —
mixing fome long Dung from the
Stable, which has not been thrown q
on an Heap to ferment ; which be- i |
ing mixed with ftrong Earth, and ~
put under Cover to prevent Wet
getting to it, the more the Air is ex-
cluded from it, the fooner the Spawn
will appear : but this muft not be —
laid fo clofe together, as to heat 5
for that will deftroy the Spawn: in
about two Months after, the Spawn
will appear, efpecially if the Heap
is clofely covered with old Thatch, —
or fuch Litter as hath lain long
abroad, fo as not to ferment; then —
the Beds may be prepared’to receive
the Spawn: thefe Beds fhould be—

‘iy made

wu

Pry

M U

made of Dung, in which there is

good Store of Litter; but this fhould

not be thrown on an Heap to fer-

ment : that Dung which hath lain
_ fpread abroad for a Month or long-
er, is beft: thefe Feds fhould be made
on dry Ground, and the Dung laid
upon the Surface: the Width of
thefe Beds at Bottom fhould be about
two Feet and an half, the Length in
Proportion to the Quantity of Mufh-
rooms defired : then lay the Dung
about a Foot thick, covering it
about four Inches with ftrong Earth:
upon this lay more Dung, about ten
Inches thick ; then another Layer
of Earth ; ftill drawing in the Sides
of the Bed, fo as to form it like the
Ridge of an Houfe; which may be
done by three Layers of Dung, and
as many of Earth. When the Bed
is finifhed, it fhould be covered
with Litter, or old Thatch, to keep
out Wet, as alfo to prevent its dry-
ing: in this Situation it may remain
eight or ten Days ; by which time
the Bed will be in a proper Tem-
perature of Warmth to receive the
» Spawn; for there fhould beonlya mo-
derate Warmth in it, great Heat de-
ftroying the Spawn, as will alfo
Wet; therefore when the Spawn is
found, it fhould always be kept dry
until it is ufed; forthe drier it is,
the better it will take in the Bed:
for I had a Parcel of this Spawn,
which had Jain near the Oven of a
Stove upward of four Months, and
was become fo dry, as that I de-
paired of its Succefs; but I never
ave yet feen any which produced fo
oon, nor in fo great Quantity, as
his.
The Bed being in a proper Tem-
perature for the Spawn, the Cover-
ng of Litter fhould be taken off,
nd the Sides of the Bed {moothed ;
then a Covering of light rich Earth,
bout an Inch thick, fhould be laid

M U

all over the Bed; but this fhould not
be wet: upon this the Spawn fhould
be thruit, laying the Lumps two or
three Inches afunder: then gently
cover this with the fame light Earth,
above half an Inch thick; and put the
Covering of Litter over the Bed, lay-
ing it fo thick as to keep ‘out Wer,
and prevent the Bed from drying :
when thefe Beds are made in the
Spring or Autumn, as the Weather
is in thofe Seafons temperate, fo the
Spawn will then take much fooner,
and the Mufhrooms will appear per-
haps in a Month after making: but
thofe Beds which are made in Sum-
mer, when the Seafon is hot, or in
Winter, when the Weather is cold,
are much longer before they pro-
duce.

The great Skill in managing of
thefe Beds is, that of keeping them
ina proper Temperature of Moilt-
ure, never fuffering them to re-
ceive too much Wet: during the
Summer-feafon, the Beds may be un-
covered to receive gentle Showers of
Rain at proper times; and in long
dry Seafons the Beds fhould be now-
and-then gently watered ; but by no »
means fuffer much Wet to come to
them: during the Winter - feafon
they mult be kept as dry as poffible;
and fo clofely covered, as to keep out
Cold : in frofty or very cold Wea-
ther, if fome warm Litter, fhaken
out of a Dung-heap, is laid on, it
will promote the Growth of the
Mufhrooms: but this muft not be
laid next the Bed; but a Coverin
of dry Litter between the Bed an
this warm Litter: and as often as
the Litter is found to decay, it fhou!d

be renewed with frefh: and as the

Cold increafes, the Covering fhould
be laid fo much thicker. If thefe
Things are obferved, there may be
plenty of Mufhrooms obtained ail
the Year: and thefe produced in

Nnnz Bed

M Y-

Beds are much better for the Table
than any of thofe which are gathered
an the Fields.

A Bed thus manag"d, if the Spawn
takes kindly, will continue good for
feveral Months, and produce great
Quantities of Mufhrooms; from
thefe Beds, when they are deftroy’d,
you fhould take the Spawn for a
freth Supply, which may be laid up
in a dry Place until the proper Sea-
fon of ufing it; which fhould not
be fooner than five or fix Weeks,
that the Spawn may have time to
dry before it is put into the Bed,
otherivife it will not fucceed well.

Sometimes it happens, that Beds
thus made do not produce any Mufh-
rooms till they have lain five or fix
Months; fo that thefe Beds fhould
not be deftroyed, though they fhould
not at firft anfwer ExpeCation; for
i have frequently known thefe to
have produced great Quantities of
Muthrooms afterwards, and have
continued a Jong time in Perfedtion.

MUSTARD. Vide Sinapi.

MYAGRUM, Gold of Pleafure.

The Charaéers are ;

It hath a Flower confifting of four
Leaves, which are placed in form of
a Crofs, out of whofe Cup arifes the
Peintal, which. afterward becomes
a turbinated Fruit, having one Cell,
in which is included one oblong Seed,
and two empty Cells at the Point.

The Species are;

1. Myacrum mono/permum latifo-
lium. C.B.P. Broad -leav’d one-
grain’d Gold of Pleafure.

2. MyacRruM mono/permum minus.
C. B. P. . Leffler one - grained Gold
of Pleafure.

3. Myacrum capitulis rotundis.
F. B. Round-podded Gold of Plea-
“fure.

Thefe are all of them annual
Plants, which perifh foon after their

Seeds are ripe. ‘They grow wild in

M Y
the Corn-fields in fatal Parts of ©
Europe; where, if the Seeds are
permitted to fcatter, the Plants will
come up, and thrive better than thofe
which are fown with Care ; fo that
the beft way to continue thefe Spe-
cies is, to let the Seeds fall in Au-
tumn, or to fow them foon after
they are ripe; for when they are
fown in the Spring, they very often
mifcarry. When the Plants are
come up, they fhould be clear’d from

Weeds ; and where they are too clofe

together, they fhould be thinned fo
as to leave them about eight or ten
Inches afunder, which is all the Cul-
ture they require.

The Oil of thefe Seeds is much
ufed in Germany, where the Inha-
bitants fow large Fields with the
Seed. This Oil is frequently ufed
in Medicine; but the poor People
eat the Oil in Sallads and Sances,
and the Rich ufe the Oil for their
Lamps ; but in England it is-very
rarely ufed either way.

MYOSOTIS, Moufe-ear Chick-

weed.

-
Se ag

'
i

The CharaG&ers are ;

It hath the whole Appearance ra
Chickweed ; but the Flower is larger; i |
and the Seed-veffel is foapd like an
Ox’s Horn, gapeing at theTop, and full yf
of /mall round Seeds.

The Species are ;

1. Myosoris Hi/panica Segetais a ‘i
Tourn, Spanifh Corn Moufe-ear
pra 0 :

. Myosotis Alpina latifolia, —
Tou ourn. Broad-leav’d Moufe - ear
Chickweed of the 4/ps. d
3.Myosotis Orientalis perfoliae
ta, folio lychnidis. Cor. Inft. Eaftern
Thorough- wax Moufe- ear Chick-
weed, with a Campion-leaf.

There are feveral other Varieties
of this Plant, which are preferved
in curious Botiitic Gardens; but as —
they are of little Beauty or ee

e.
a

“page= siete he OS 2 RSE s

M Y.

fhall omit mentioning them in this
Place. Thefe may be propagated
by fowing their Seeds in March,
upon a Bed of frefh light Earth, in
an open Situation, where they may
remain to flower and feed; being
careful to clear them from Weeds,
as alfo to pull up the Plants, where
they come up too thick; but they
do not fucceed well, if tranfplanted ;
therefore fhould alwys remain where
they are fown.

MYOSURUS, Moufe-tail.

_-This Plant is very near akin to
the Ranunculus, in which Genus it
is ranged by fome Botanifts; the
Flowers are extremely fmall, and
are fucceeded by long flender Spikes
of Seeds, refembling the Tail of a
Moufe, from whence it had the
Name. It grows wild upon moif
Grounds in divers Parts of England,
Where it flowers the Latter-end of
April; and the Seeds ripen in a
Month after, when the Plants de-
cay, being annual. It is never cal-
tivated in Gardens; fo I fhall not
trouble the Reader with any farther
Account of it.

MYRICA, The Candleberry Myr-
fle, wulgo; or Gale, or Sweet Wil-
low; by fome, Myrzus Brabantica,
or Dutch Myrtle.”

The Chara&ers are;
Thefe are Male and Female in dif-
ferent Plants: the Male Plants pro-
duce oblong loofe fcaly Katkins : in each
of the Scales is produced one moon-/hap-
ed Flower, having noPetals, in each of
avhich there are four or fix Stamina:
the Female Flowers have no Stami-
na, but an oval Pointal, Supporting
two Styles: the Pointal afterward
changes to a Berry, in which is in-
cluded one roundifh Seed. .
The Species are ;

1. Myrica foliis lanceolatis, fru-

iu facco. Lin. Flor. Mas FS faemina.

M Y |
The Gale, Sweet Willow, or Dutch
Myrtle, Male and Female.
2. Myrica folzis lanceolatis, fru-
@u baccato. Lin, Hort. Clif. Mas &
famina, Candleberry Myrtle with
intire Leaves, Male and Female.
3. Myrica felis lanceolatis utrin-
que acuminatis ferratis; mas & fa-
mina. Candleberry Myrtle with
pointed fawed Leaves, Male and Fe-
male.
4. Myrica foliis oblongis alter-
natim finuatis. Lin. Hort. Cliff. Mas
& femina. Candleberry Myrtle
with Spleenwort -leaves, Male and
Female.

. 5.Myrica foliis oblongis oppofite
finuatis, Lin. Hort. Cliff. | African
Candleberry-tree, with oblong finu-
ated Leaves, commonly called 4/r-
can Bay with Oak-leaves.

The firft Sort grows plentifully
upon Bogs inmany Parts of England,
where it rifes with many Stems from
the Root, and fometimes grows up-
ward of four Feet high. ‘This Sort
creeps very much at the Root, when
it grows upon a moift boggy Soil,
whereby it foon {preads over a large
Traé& of Ground, and forms aclofe
Thicket ; but it is with great Diffi-
culty maintain’d in Gardens, efpe-
Cially if the Soilis dry; for in fuch:
Places it will fcarce live thro’ one
Summer, unlefs it be frequently wa-
tered. Where this Shrab grows in
plenty, it is fo fragrant (efpecially
after a Shower of Rain) as to per-
fume the Air to a great Diitance,
during the Spring and Summer,
when they have their Leaves; for in
Winter they caft their Leaves;
though in mild Seafons they often
retain them till Chriffmas, or later.
The Wood of thefe Shrubs, being
burnt, emits a fragrant Ordour,
equal to that of the Myrtle-tree; as
do the Leaves when bruifed. There

Nan 3 have

M Y

have been fome Perfons who have
gathered the Leaves of thefe Shrubs,
and uied them as Tea; which per-
haps may have occafioned a late Au-
thor to fuppofe it was the true China
Tea, tho’ that is a Plant very daf-
ferent in all its Characters from this.

The young Branches of this Shrub,

being cut off with their Leaves, were
formerly ufed to be put into Ward-
robes to keep away Moths from
woolen Cloaths ; as alfo to give the
Cloaths an agreeable Scent. In fome
Countries this is called Gole, in
others Gaule, or Gale.

Where this Shrub is defigned to
be remov’d into a Garden, the Plants
fhould be carefully taken up in the

Autumn, preferving the Roots as

intire as pofible; and if they can
be taken up with a Ball of Earth to
them, there will be a greater Cer-
tainty of their growing. Thefe
fhould be planted in a low fwampy
Ground, where, if they are once
‘eftablif’d, they will fpread. and
multiply greatly, by their {pread-
ing Roots ; but efpecially where the
Soil is foft and moory. In the Bogs
where thefe Shrubs naturally grow,
and form Thickets, there are com-
monly plenty of Woodcocks in their
Seafon.

The fecond, third, and fourth
Sorts are Natives of the Northern
Parts of m-rica; growing plenti-
fully in moiit Ground, and by the
Sides of Brooks and Rivulets. The
fecondSortwas brought from/7rginza
to England, and hath been long an
Inhabitant of fome curious Gar-
dens; where thefe Plants have fome-
_ times grown to the Height of five or
fix Feet. This produces its Branches
very irregular, and without any Or-
der; the Leaves are oblong, and for
the moft part intire, having few or
no Notches on their Edges. Thefe
gre produced valternately on the

M Y
‘Branches. This Sort will grow to
the Height of feven Feet in England;
but in dmerica it often grows twelve
Feet high. The Flowers or Katkins
are produced in Clufters, clofe to
the Branches, at the Setting on of the
Leaves, like fmall. Bunches of Cur-
rans. ‘Thefe Berries have an unctu-

ous Subfiancefurrounding the Seeds,. —
which is colleGted for the making of

Candies in the following manner:
In the Winter-feafons, when the
Berries are ripe, a Man with his Fa-
mily will remove from his Habita-
tion to fome little Ifland or Sand-
bank near the Sea, where thefe Trees
chiefly abound, taking with him Ket-
tles to boil the Berries in, He builds
an Hut with Palmetto- leaves, for
‘the Shelter of himfelf and Family
while they flay, which is generally
about a Month. The Man cuts
down the Trees, while the Children
{trip off the Berries into a Pottage-
pot; and having put Water to them,
they boil them till the Oil floats ;
which is fkimm’d off into another
Veflel : this is repeated till there re-
mains no more Oil. This, when
cold, hardens to the Confiftence of
Wax, and is of a dirty-green Co-
lour. They afterwards boil it again,
and clarify it in brafs Kettles; which
gives it a tranfparent Greennefs ;
then they make this into Candles,

which burn a long time, tho’ they ~

do not giveaclear Light; but are
efteem’d for the grateful Scent they

emit : and in order to have a clearer.

Light, the Inhabitants add a Fourth-
part of Tallow to this Wax.

The third Sort was difcover’d by,

Mr. Catc/ey in Carolina, from whence
he fent the Seeds to England. Of
this there hath been fince a great

Number of Seeds fent from feveral | roe

Parts of America, where it alfo
grows ; fo that there are more Plants

of this Sort in the Gardens, than of

the

MY

the former. This ufually grows
about three Feet high.
The fourth Sort was difcovered

in Lancafer County, near a River :
the Leaves of this Sort are deeply
finuated, fomewhat like thofe of the
Spleenwort ; and it is narrower than
either of the former Sorts. This is
but of humble Growth, feldom rifing
above three or four Feet high. All
thefe three Sorts produce Berries,
from whence the Wax is taken with-
out Diftin@tion. Thefe are propa-
gated by Seeds, which are procured
from America; and as they do not
} arrive in Eng/and till the Spring, fo
_ being at that Seafon put into the
_ Ground, the Plants feldom appear
| till the Year after : therefore the beft
| Method is, to fow the Seeds in Pots,
| or Tubs of Earth, placing them in a
_ Situation where they may receive the
morning Sun till Ten or Eleven o’
Clock ; obferving in dry Weather to
» moiften the Earth, as alfo to keep
them clear from Weeds. In this
Place they may remain till O@oder,
when they fhould be removed into a
warmer Situation for the Winter-
| feafon ; and. if the Froft fhould be
| fevere, it will be proper to cover the
| Earth with Straw or Peas-haulm to
| keep out the Froft; and about the
Beginning of March the Pots fhould
be placed on a moderate Hot - bed,
which will bring up the Plants in a
fhort time after. All thefe Sorts de-
light ina moift Soil, and will endure
the fevereft Cold of our Climate.
_ . The fifth Sort is a Native cf the
Cape of Good Hope, and was brought
from thence into the Gardens in
Holland, where it hath been long an
Inhabitant ; and was called Laurus
Africana minor, quercus folio: but,
having produced Flowers, it appears
to belong to this Genus. This Sort
grows to the Height of fix or feven

|

by Mr. C/ayton in Virginia, growing »

M ¥

Feet, with ftrong woody Stems ; and
the Plants are generally formed into
regular Heads by the Dutch Gar-
deners, who are extremely fond of
training all their Plants into the
Figures.of Balls or Pyramids.

This Sort is too tender to live
through the Winter in the open Air
in England ; therefore the Plants are
kept in Pots, and placed in the
Green-houfe in the Winter ; where
being treated in the fame manner as
the Orange-tree, they will thrive ex-
tremely well. It is propagated by
laying down of the Branches; but
thefe are frequently two Years be-
fore they take Root, fo that the
Plants are not very common in the
Gardens. This retains its Leaves
through the Winter.

MYRRHIS, Sweet Cicely.

The Chara&ers are;

It is anumbelliferous Plant, witha
rofe- oped Flower, confifting of feveral
uneqal Petals or Flower-leaves, that
are placed circularly, and reft upon the
Empalement; which turns to a Fruit,
compofed af two Seeds, refembling a
Bird’s Bill, chanelled and gibbous on
one Side, byt plain on the other.

The Species are;

1, Myreuis magno femine longo

fulcato. F. B. Sweet Cicely, or

Great {weet Chervil, and by fome
call’d Candy Carrot.

2. Myrruis annua, femine ftriate
villofa incano. M. Umb. Annual
fweet Cicely, with hairy ftriated
Seeds, by fome call’d Candy Carrot. ,

3. Myrruis Orientalis, folio an-
gufticri, peucedani femine . villofo,
Boerh. Ind. Eafiern {weet Cicely,
with a narrow Sulphurwort-leaf, and
hairy Seeds, or The true Candy Car-
rot.

There aré many more Sorts of
this Plant preferved in the Gar-
dens of fuch as are curious in Bo-

tany ; but as they are Plants of little |

Ur

Nong

wv

-“

M Y¥
Ufe or Beauty, I thought it not ne-
ceflary to enumerate them in this
Place.

The firft-mentioned is an abiding
Plant, which is fometimes ufed in
Medicine: this may be propagated
by fowing the Seeds in February up-
on a Bed of light rich Earth, ina
fhady Situation ; and when the Plants
come up, they fhould be tran{planted
out into the Jike rich Earth, in a
moift fhady Situation, at about two
Feet afunder ; for they fpread very
wide, and take up much room (cf-
pecially if they are permitted to re-
main 2 or 3 Years unremov’d): af-
ter the Plants have taken Root, they
will require no farther Care, but to
keep them clear from Weeds; and
they will endure feveral Yegrs, and
produce great Quantities of Seeds ;
by which, as alfo by parting the-oid
Roots, they may be greatly increaf-
ed. If the Seeds of this Sort are
permitted to fcatter, they will fll
the Ground about the Plants with
young ones, {o as to become trouble-
fome Weeds.

The Seeds of the fecond Sort are
moft commonly fold in the Shops for
thofe of the Daucus Creticus ; but it
- jsthe third Sort which is generally
accounted the true Daucus Creticus;
the Seeds of which are us’d in fome
of the capital Medicines of the
Shops.

Thefe may be propagated by fow-
ing their Seeds in the Spring upona
Border of light Earth expos’d to the
morning Sun, in which the Plants
will rife in about fix Weeks after ;
when they may be tranfplanted out

into Beds of light Earth, obferving
to water and fhade them until they
have taken Root ; after which they
_will require no farther Care, but
~ only to keep themclear from Weeds.
The Summer following thefe Plants
-will produce Flowers and Sceds 5

M Y
foon after which, the fecond Sort
will decay ; but the third will fome-
times abide two or three Years, and -
produce Seeds annually.
~MYRTUS, The Myrtle.
The CharaGers are ;

The Flower confifts of feveral
Leaves difpos'd in a circular Order,
which expand in form of a Rofe: upon»
the Top of the Footflalk is the Ovary,
which has a foort flar-like Cup, divi-
ded at the Top into five Parts, and ex-
panded: the Ovary becomes an oblong
umbilicated Fruit, divided into three
Cells, which are full of kidneyfbap'd
Seeds.

The Species are ;

1. Myrrus communis Italica.'
C. B. P. Common Myrtle, with?
pretty large Leaves.

2. Myrtus datifolia Romana. C.
ve P, Common broad-leav’d Myr-
tie.

3. Myerus minor vulgaris. C.B.
P. Thymésleav’d Myrtle; walgo.

4. Myrrus folio buxi. Schuyl,
Boerh, Ind. Box - leav’d Myrtle,
vulgo.

5. Myrerus foliis minimis S mu--
cronatis, C.B.P. Rofmary-leav’d
Myrtle, wvulgo. ,

6. Myrtus fore pleno. Corn,
Double-flowering Myrtle, wulgo.

7, Myrtus foliis odore nucis mo-
Jchat@é, cauliculis rubentibus, vulgo
odore-citri. Schuyl, Bocrh. Ind. The
Nutmeg Myrtle, vu/go. a

8. Myrrus Betica anguftifolia,
Cluf. Narrow-leav'’d Spani/o Myrtle,
aun call’d The upright Myr-> —
tle. ay

9.Myrtus ballamica, foliis mali
granate. H. L. ‘The Pomgranate- |

leav’d Myrtle.

10. Myrrus Jatifolia Betica fee

cunda, vel foliis laurinis confertim

nafcentibus. C. B. P. ‘The Orange- ie /

leav’d Myrtle, wulge. ae
. -) 31) aie

MY

11. Myrtus minor, foliis ex albo
_wariegatis. The ftrip’d thyme-
| leav'd Myrtle, valgo.

12. Myrrtus folis odore nucis mo-
[cbate, caaliculis rubentibus, foliis ex
luteo variegatis The ftrip’d Nat-
meg Myrtle, «wzlgo.

13. Myrrus foliis mucronatis,
ex albo &§ viridi variegatis, flofculis
_ rubro-candidis. Boerb. Ind. The
ftrip’'d thyme-leav’d Myrtle, wul-
| £?-

14. Myrtus /atifolia Romana.
foliis ex luteo variegatis, ‘The
broad-leav’d Myrtle, with ftrip’d
Leaves.

There are fome other Varieties of
thefePlants,which are preferved in the
_ Gardens of the Curious; but thofe
here mention’d are what I have ob-
ferv’d in the Gardens near Lon-
don.

Thefe Plants may be all propaga-
ted from Cuttings; the beft Seafon
for which is in Zu/y, when you
fhéuld make choice of fome of the
‘ftraiteft and moft vigorous young
Shoots, which fhould be about fix
or eight Inches long ; and the Leaves
on the lower Part muft be ftripp’d off
about two Inches high, and the Part
twifted which is to be placed in the
Ground : then having fill’d a Parcel
‘of Pots (in proportion to the Quan-
tity of Cuttings defign’d) with light
richEarth, you fhould plant the Cut-

| Diftance from each other ; obferving
to clofe the Earth faft about them,
and give them fome Water to fettle it
‘to the Cuttings ; then place the Pots
under a common Hot-bed-frame,
plunging them either into fome old
Dung, or Tanners Bark, which will
prevent the Earth from drying too
faft: but you muft carefully thade
them with Mats in the Heat of the
Day, and give them Air in proportion
so the Warmth of the Seafon; not

tings therein at about’ two Inches —

MY

forgetting to water them every twe
or three Days, as you fhall find the
Earth in the Pots require it. With
this Management, in about a Month's
time, the Cuttings will be rooted,
and begin to fhoot : when you muft
inure them to the open Air by de-
grees, into which they fhould be re-
moved toward the Latter-end of
Auguf?, placing them in a Situation
where they may be fheltered from
cold Winds ; in which Place they
may remain till OZober, when the
Pots fhould be removed into the
Green-houfe; but fhould be plac’d in
the cooleft Part thereof, that they
may have Air given to them when-
ever the Weather is mild ; for they
require only to be protected from
fevere Cold, except the orange-leav’d
and the ftrip’d Nutmeg Myrtles ;
which are fomewhat tenderer than
the reft, and fhould have a warmer
Situation.

During theWinter-feafon theymuft
be frequently water’d; and, if any
decay’d Leaves appear,theyfhould be
conftantly pick’d off, as alfo the Pots
kept clear from Weeds; which, if
permitted to grow, will foon over-
fpread the young Plants, and deftroy
them.

The March following thefe Plants.
fhould be taken out of the Pots very
carefully, preferving a Ball of Earth
tothe Roots of each of them; and
every one fhould be placed into a
feparate {mall Pot fill’d with light
rich Earth, obferving to water them
well to fettle the Earth to their
Roots, and placethem in the fhady
Part of the Green-houfe until they
have taken Root; after which they
fhould be inured to the open Air,and
in May they muft be expos’d to the
open Air ; obferving to place them
near Hedges, where they may be
defended from ftrong Winds.

During

“MEY

During the Summer-feafon they

will require to be plentifully wa-
ter’d, efpecially being in fuch {mall
Pots, which in that Seafon foon dry:
therefore you fhould obferve to place
them where they fhauld receive the
morning Sun ; for when they are too
much expos’d to the Sun in the Heat
of the Day, the Moifture contain’d
in the Earth of thefe {mall Pots will
foon be exhal’d, and the Plants great-
ly retarded in their Growth there-

y

In 4uguft following you fhould
examine your Pots, to fee if the
Roots of the Plants have not made
Way out through the Hole in the
Bottom of the Pots; which if you
obferve, you muft then fhift them
into Pots a Size bigger, filling them
up with the like rich Earth ; and ob-
ferve to trim the Roots, which were
matted to the Side of the Pots, as al-
fo to loofen the Earth from the Out-
fide of the Ball with your Hands:
fome of which fhould be taken off,
thatthe Roots may the eafier find
Paffage into the frefh Earth : then
you muft water them well, and place
the Pots in a Situation where they
may be defended from ftrong Winds:
and at this time you may trim the
Plants, in order to reduce them to a
regular Figure ; and if they are in-
clinable to make crooked Stems, you
fhould thruft down a flender ftrait
Stick clofe by them, to which their
Stems fhould be faften’d, fo as to
bring them upright. |

If Care be taken to train them
thus while they are young, the Stems
afterward, when they have acquired
Strength, will continue ftratt with-
out any Support ; and their Branches
may be prun’d, fo as to form
either Balls or Pyramids ; which for
‘fuch Plants as are preferv’d in the
Green houfe, and require to be kept
in {mall Compals, is the beft Method

M ¥

to have them handfome : but then
thefe fhear’d Plants will not produce.
any Flowers ; for which Reafon that
Sort with double Flowers fhould not
be clipp’d, becaufe the chief Beauty
of that confifts in its Flowers: but
it will be neceffary to fuffer a Plant

or two of each Kind to growrude, .

for the Ufe of their Branches in
Nofegays, @c. for it will greatly
deface thofe. which have been con-
ftantly fhear’d to cut off their Bran-

- ches.

As thefe Plants advance in Stature,
fo they fhould annually be remov’d
into larger Pots, according to the
Size of their Roots ; but you mutt
be careful not to put them into Pots.
too large, which will caufe them to
fhoot weak and flraggling, and many

times prove the Deitruétion of them; °

therefore when they are taken out
of the former Pots, the Earth about
their Roots fhould be par’d off, and

that within fide the Ball muft be —

gently loofen’d, that the Roots may
not be too clofely confin’d; and then
place them into the fame Pots again,
provided they are not too {mall ;.
filling up the Sides and Bottom of.
them with frefh rich Earth, and giv-
ing them plenty of Water to fettle
the Earth to their Roots, which

fhould be frequently repeated ; for:

they require to be often water’d both

in Winter and Summer; but in hot —

Weather they muft have it in plen-_

ty.
The beft Seafon for fhifting thefe, —

Plants is either in 4pri/ or Auguft ;

for if it be done much fooner in the —

Spring, the Plants are then ina flow-

growing State, and fo not capable to.

firike out .frefh Roots again. very’
foon; and if it be done later in Au--

tumn, the cold Weather coming on
will prevent their taking Root: nor) ~
is it advifeable in the great Heat of —
Summer ; becauale they willrequire 4 as

je ‘oe

Goeth Stes ee) ees I ey ie ti ae i i at i

, ee

M Y

be very often water’d, and alfo to be
-plac’d in the Shade, otherwife they
_ will be liable to droop for a confider-
able time: and that being the Sea-
fon when thefe Plants fhould be
plac’d amongit -other Exotics to
adorn the feveral Parts of the Gar-
en, thefe Plants, being then remov’d,
fhould not be expos’d until they have
taken Root again ; which at that
time (if the Seafon be hot and dry)
will be three Weeks, ora Month.

In OGober, when the Nights be-
gin to be frofty, you fhould remove
the Plants into the Green-houfe; but
if the Weather proves favourable in
Autumn (as it often happens), they
may remain abroad until the Begin-
ning of November ; for if they are
carry’d into the Green-houfe too
foon, and the Autumn fhould prove
warm, they will make frefh Shoots
at that Seafon ; which will be weak,
and often grow mouldy in Winter,
if the Weather fhould be fo fevere
as to require the Windows to be
kept clofely fhut, whereby they will
be greatly defac’d ; for which Rea-
fon they fhould always be kept as
long abroad as the Seafon will per-
‘mit, and remov’d out again in the
Spring before they fhoot out ; and
during the Winter-feafon that they
arein the Green houfe they fhould
have as much free Air as poffible
when the Weather is mild.
_ The two firft-mention’d Sorts I
have feen planted abroad in warm
Situations, and upon a dry Soil; where
hey have endured the Cold of our
Winters for feveral Years very well,
with only being cover’d in very hard
Frofts with two or three Mats, and
the Surface of the Ground ‘about
cheir Roots cover’d with a little
Mulch to prevent the Froft from
mtering the Ground: but in Coraz-
wall and Dewvonfhire, where the

NA

Winters are more favourable than
in mott other Parts of Exgland, there
are large Hedges of Myrtle which
have been planted feveral Years, and
are very thriving and vigorous, fome
of which are upward of fix Feet high;
and I believe, if the double-flower-
ing Kind was planted abroad, it
would endure the Cold as well as
any of the other Sorts, it being a
Native of the Southern Parts of
France. This, and the orange-leav’d
Kind, are the moft difficult to take
Root from Cuttings ; but if they are
planted toward the Latter-end of
July, making choice of only fuch
Shoots ‘as are tender, and the Pots
plung’d into an old Bed of Tanners
Bark, which has loft moft of its Heat,
and the Glaffes fhaded every Day,
they will take Root extremely well,
as I have more than once experien-
ced. The orange-leav’d Sort, and
thofe with variegated Leaves, are |
fomewhat tenderer than the ordinary
Sorts, and fhould be hous’d a little
fooner in Autumn, and plac’d far-
ther from the Windows of the Green-
houfe.

MYRTUS BRABANTICA. /-
de Gale.

MYXA. Vide Cordia.

NA
APELLUS. ide Aconi-
tum.
NAPUS, The Navew, or French
Turneps.

The Chara&ers are;
It agrees in moft refpets with the
Turnep ; but bath a leffer Root, and

JSomewbat warmer to the Tafte.
The’

=) a ae

NA
The Species are ;

t. Narus /fativa, radice alba.
€. B. P. Garden Navew, with a
white Root.

2. Napus fativa, radice nigra,
€.B.P. Garden Navew, with a
black Root.

3. Narus /ylvefris.
Wild Navew.

The two firft Species of this Plant
are cultivated in France, Italy, and
Germany, in great Abundance; in
which Places they are much pre-
ferr’'d to common Turneps, being
accounted a more delicious Food ;
bat in Exgland they have not yet fo
much obtain’d, being only cultiva-
ted by fome curious Perfons, and are
but rarely brought to the Markets.

Thefe Plants may be cultivated
by fowing their Seeds in Fuze, Fuly,
and Auguft, after the fame manner as
is praétis\d for common Turneps ;
and when the Plants are come up,
they fhould be hoed in the liké .
manner to deftroy the Weeds, «and
cut up the Plants where they come
up too thick; with this Difference
only ; viz. that thefe may be left
clofer together than common Tur-
neps; for neither their Leaves nor
their Roots grow near fo large. The
Plants,being thus clear’d from Weeds,
and cut up where they are too thick,
will require no farther Care until
they are fit for Ufe; which (if the
Seafon proves favourable) will be in
about two Months after they are
fown; when they muft be drawn
up, and treated as common Tur-
neps. The wild Sort is pretty com-
mon upon dry Banks in moft Parts
of England, where it flowers early in
the Spring : but is never cultivated
in Gardens ; but in the Ifle of Ef
it is very much cultivated, it being
the Colefeed, from which they draw
an Oil: the Seeds of this Kind are

CAB.

NA
us’d in Medicine; and by moft pre-
ferr’d to thofe of the Garden
Sort. , |
NARCISSO-LEUCOIUM. Vide

Galanthus. .

NARCISSUS, The Daffodil.

7 The Chara@ers are ;

t hath a Lily-flower, confifing o
one Leaf, which is a yi
cut into fix Segments, which incircle
tts Middle like a Crown; but the
Empalement, which commonly rifes out
of a membranous Vagina, turns to an
oblong or roundifo Fruit, which is
triangular, and gapes in three Parts,
ts divided into three Cells, and full of
roundif/p Seeds. f
The Species are ;

1. Narcissus fylveftris pallidus,
calyce luteo. C. B. P. Wild Eng-
life Daffodil.

z. Narcissus medio luteus vul-
g4ris. Park, Common pale Daffodil,
or Primrofe Peerlefs.

3. Narcissus major totus luteus,
calyce prelongo. C. B. P. Great yel-
low Spanifa Daffodil, with a long
Cup.

4. Narcissus Jatifolius omnium
maximus, amplo calyce flavo, five |
Noupareille. Park. Par. The Great «|
Nonpareil, or Nonfuch Daffodil.

5. Narcissus parvus totus lu-
teus, C. B. P. . Small yellow Spa-
nifo Daftodil. . E

6. Narcissus. /uteus, florum pea
talis reflexis.C.B.P. Yellow Daffo-—
dil, with the Leaves of its Flowers —
turning back. o.

7. Narcissus multiplex totus fa-
vus. C. B. P. Common yellow —
Daffedi!, with a double Flower.

8. Narcissus incomparabilis, |)
flore pleno; partim flavo, partim cro-
ceo. H. R.Par. ‘The incomparable _
double Daffodil, with the Flower-~
leaves partly yellow, and partly of
a Saffron-colour, .

g. Nar-

N A
9. Narcissus Jatifolius, fore
pleniffimo, petalis majoribus candidis,
| gtinoribus aureis interpolatis. Boerb.
Ind. Nonfach Daffodil, with a very
_ double Flower, whofe larger Leaves
are white, but the lefler Leaves
_ (which are intermix’d) of a Gold-
colour. |
10. Narcissus Jatifolius, flore
pleniffimo, petalis majoribus pallidis,
minoribus flavis interpolatis. Boerh.
Ind. Nonfuch Daffodil, with a
very double Flower, whofe Leaves
are of a pale Colour, which are in-
termix’d with fmaller Leaves of a
_ yellow Colour.

11. Narcissus Jatifolius, fre
pleniffimo, petalis partim flavis, par-
tim wviridibus interpolatis. Broad-
leav’d Daffodil, with a very double
_ Flower, whofe Leaves are fome yel-
low, and others green, intermix’d,
commonly call’d Trade/cant’s Daf-
fodil. -

12. Narcissus Anglicus, fire

pleno. The double Exglifh Datffo-
dil.
43. Narcissus Jatifolius, ful-
phureus vel albus, brevi calyce. C. B.
P. Broad-leav’d Daffodil, with a
brimftone-colour’d Flower, having
a fhort Cup.

14. Narcissus Jatifolius /ful-
phureus, calycis brevis aurei ora fim-
briata. Boer. Ind. Alt. Broad-leav’d
brimftone-colour’d Daffodil, with a
fhort gold-colour’d Cup fring’d
about the Edge.

15. Narcissus medio purpureus.
Hort. Eyf. Single Daffodil, with a
white Flower, and a purple Middle.
. 16. Narcissus maximus palli-
dus, foliisincanis.C. B.P. Greater
pale-colourd Daffodil.

17. Narcissus albus multiplex.
Park. Par. The double white Daf-
fodil, or Narcifzs.

18. Narcissus albus, ‘circulo cro-

ee. C.B.P. The white Daffodil,

au
with the Rim of the Cupof a Safron-
colour.

19. Narcissus Narbonenjis, frve
medio luteus, ferotinus major. Park.
Par. The great late - flowering
Daffodil.

20. Narcissus Orientalis albus,
calyce luteo, campanule fimilis maxi-
mus.C.B. P, The Bofalman’s Nar-
cifus, vulgo.

zt. Narcissus Orientalis albus,
calyce luteo, medius.C B.P. Orien-
tal white Daffodil, with a yellow
Cup.

zz. Narcissus Juteus polyantizos
Lufitanicus. C.B. P. Yellow Por-
tugal Dafiodil, with many Flowers.

23. Narcissus Orientalis albus
minor, calyce fulphureo pallid amplo.
Boerb. Ind. Leffler white Oriental
many -flower’d Daffodil, with an
ample pale brimitone-colour’d Cup.

. Narcissus pallidus medio au-

reus..C. B, P. Pale Daffodil, with

aygolien Cup, commonly cali’d Le
| Solel d'Or.

25. Narcissus Orientalis albus,
calyce luteo, minor.C.B.P. Leffer
white Oriental Daffodil, with a yel-
low Cup. ‘

26. Narcissus Orcentalis albus,
calyce fiellato. C.B. P. Oriental
white Daffodil, with a flarry Cup.

27. Narcissus Orientalis lafeus
maximus, calyce pallido amplo. Boerb.
Izd. Largeit oriental white Dafio-
dil, with an ample pale Cup, com-
monly cali’d, The Czar of Mu/covy.

28. Narcissus Ovientalis maxie
mus laé&eus, calyce pallida parve.
Boerh. Ind. Greateft white Orien-
tal Narciffus, witha {mall pale-co-
lour’d Cup.

29. Narcissus Orientals major
polyanthos totus albus. H. Eyf?. Great
Oriental Narci/us, with many white
Flowers upon a Stalk.

30. Narcissus Orientals -medius
polyanthos totus albus. H. Ey. Mid-

die -

NA |
dle Oriental Narci/fus, with many

white Flowers upon a Stalk.
31. Narcissus Orientalis minor

polyanthos totus albus. H. Eyft. Lefler

Oriental Narcifus, with many white
Flowers upon a Stalk.

32. Narcissus juncifolius, oblonga
calyce, luteus major. C. B. P. Single
yellow Jonquil, with a large oblong
Cup.

' 33. Narcissus jsuncifolius luteus
minor. C.B.P. Leffler fingle yel-
low Jonquil.

4. Narcissus juncifolius, flore
pleno. Cluf. Cur. Poff. Double yel-
Jow Jonquil.

"35. Narcissus juncifolius, petalis
anguftiffimis, calyce maximo tubam re-
ferente. Boerh. Ind. Ruth-leav’d Daf-
fodil, with very narrow Petals, and
a large tubulous Cup, commonly

-call’d The Hoop- petticoat.

36. Narcissus juncifolius, frre
pallidiore, calyce flavo. C. B. P.
Rufh-leav’d Daffodil, with a paler
Flower, and yellow Cup.

37. Narcissus Confflantinopolita-
nus polyanthos major, melino pleno
fore. H.R. Par. Greater many-
flower'd Daffodil of Conflantinople,
with double yellow Flowers.

38. Narcissus Cyprius luteus
poljanthos, fore pleno, Lob. Adv.
Many - flower’d Daffodil of Cyprus,
with double yellow Flowers, com-
monly call’d The Cyprus Narciffis.

39, Narcissus Orientals poly-
anthos, pleno flore, petalis exteriori-
bus albis, interioribus lutets, odora-
tiffimus. Cleric. Sweet-fcented Ea/?-
ern Daffodil, with many double
Flowers, whofe outer Leaves are
white, and the inner Leaves yellow.

40. Narcissus niveus, calyce fla-
wo, odoris fragrantiffimi. C. B. P.
Snow-white Daffodil, with a yellow
Cup, and a fragrant Odour,

41. Narcissus Oricntalis polyan-
this, floribus odoris fragrantiffimi.

- feente fiellato.

NA
Many-flower'd Eaftern Daf-

Jer.

_ fodil, with fnow-white Flowers, and

a very fragrant Odour.

42. Narcissus Orientalis paly-
anthos major, flore favefeente fellato.
Greater many-flower’d Eafern Daf-
fodil, with a yellowifh ftarry Flow-
er. ;

43. Narcissus Orientalis polyan-
thos major, flore aureo, calyce flave-
Greater many-flow-
er’d Eaffern Daffodil, with a golden
Flower, having a pale-yellow ftarry
Cup. .

44. Narcissus albus, flore mi-
nore, jafmini odore, C. B. P. White
Daffodil, with a fmaller Flower,
{melling like Jafmine.

45. Narcissus Orientalis polyan- _

thos albus odoratus, calyce ftellata.
Eaftern many-flower’d Daffodil, with
white {weet {cented Flowers, having
a ftarry Cup.

46. Narcissus Americanus an-
guftifolius, croci fore. Houff. WNar-
row-leav'd American Daffodil, with
a faffron-colour’d Flower.

There are feveral other Varietiesof ©

thefe Flowers, which are annually

brought overfromHo/landand France;

where theyare veryinduftrious in raif- «

ing thefe and moft other bulbous-root-
ed Flowers from Seeds, whereby they

continually procure fome new Va- —
ricties, which recompenfe them for

their ‘Trouble and Expence: butin —
England there are very few Perfons

who have Patience to propagate any
of thefe Flowers that way, it being
commonly five Years before they can
expect to fee the Fruits of their La-
bour: however, after the firft five

Years are paft, ifthere be Seeds fown

every Year, there will be annually a

Suceeffion of Flowers to fhew them- —

felves; fo that there will be a con-
tinual Expectation ; which will take
off the Tedioufnefs, which, during
the firft five Years, might be very

troubles

- ‘

a
troublefome to fome Perfons ; and
the annual Produétion of new Flow-
ers correfponding to the annual Sow-
ing, it will be as if the Product arofe
foon after.

The not practifing this Method
has occafion’d our fending abroad
annually for great Quantities of
Flower-reots, which have been kept
up to an high Price, on account of
the great Demand for them in Eng-
land; whereas if we were as indu-
firious to propagate them as our
Neighbours, we might foon vie with
them, if not outdo them, in moft
Sorts of Flowers; as may be eafily
feen, by the vaft Variety of Carna-
tions, Auricula’s, Ranunculus’s, Sc.
_ which are what have been produc’d
from Seeds in England, and exceed
every thing in thofe Kinds of any
Part of Europe. |

I fhall therefore firft lay down the
Method of propagating thefe Flow-
ers from Seeds ; and afterwards pro-
_ ceed to the neceffary Directions for
increafing them from Off-fets ; with
_ the manner of treating the Roots,
| to produce ftrong Flowers.
| - You muft be very careful, in fave-
| ing your Seeds, to gather none but
from fuch Flowers as have good Pro-
| perties, and particularly from fuch
} only as have many Flowers upon a

Stalk, that flower tall, and have
beautiful Cups to their Flowers ;
from fuch you may expeé to have
good Flowers produc’d: but if you
fow ordinary Seed, it is only putting

‘mo purpofe; fince from fuch Seeds
there can be no Hopes of procuring
any valuable Flowers. |

Having provided yourfelf with
good Seeds, you muft procure either
fome fhallow Cafes, or flat Pans,
made on purpofe for the raifing of
Seedlings, which fhould have Holes

_yourfelf to Trouble and Expence to

NA
in their Bottoms, to let the Mojfture
pafs off; thefe muft be fill’d with
frefh light fandy Earth about the
Beginning of Auguf? (that being the
Seaton for fowing the Seeds of moft

bulbous-rooted Flowers), which muf .

be levell’d very even; then fow the
Seeds thereon pretty thick, covering
them over with fine-fifted light Earth
about half an Inch thick, and place

the Cafes or Pans in a Situation’

where they may have only the morn-
ing San till about Ten o’Clock,
where they fhould remain until the
Beginning of OZoder, when they muft
be remov’d into a warmer Situation,
placing them upon Bricks, that the
Air may freely pais under the Cafes,
which will preferve them from being
too moift.

They fhould alfo be expos’d to
the full Sun, but fereen’d from the
North and Eaft Winds; and if the
Froft fhould be fevere, they muft be
cover’d, otherwife they will be de-
ftroy’d; in this Place they may re-
main until the Beginning of April,
by which time the Plants will be up,
when you muft carefully clear them
from Weeds; and if the Seafon
fhould prove dry, they muft be fre-
quently water’d: the Cafes fhouid
alfo now be remov’d into their for-
mer fhady Situation ; for the Heat of
the noon-day Sun will be too great
for the young Plants.

The latter End of Fune, when the
Leaves of the Plants are decay'd, you
fhould take off the upper Surface of
the Earth in the Cafes (which, by
that time, will have contracted a
Moflinefs ; and, if fuffered to re-
main, will greatly injure the young
Roots), obferving not to take it
fo deep as to touch the Roots ; then
fife fome frefh light Earth over the
Surface, about half an Inch thick ;
which will greatly ftrengthen the

Roots:

NA

Roots: the fame fhould alfo be re-
peated in Ofober, when the Cafes
are mov’d into the Sun.

During the Summer-feafon, if the
Weather fhould prove very wet, and
the Earth in the Cafes appear very
moift, you muft remove them into
’ the Sun till the Earth be dry again ;
for if the Roots receive much Wet,
during the time they are unactive, it
very often rots them ; therefore you
muft never give them any Water af-

ter their Leaves are decay’d, but
only place them in the Shade, as
was before directed.

Thus you fhould manage them
the two firft Seafons, till their Leaves
are decay’d the fecond Summer after
fowing, when you fhould ‘carefully
take up the Roots: which may be
done by fifting the Earth in the Cafes
with a fine Sieve, whereby the Roots
will be eafily feparated from the
Earth ; then, having prepared a Bed
or two of good frefh light Earth, in
proportion to the Quantity of your
Roots, you fhould plant them there-
in, at about three Inches Diftance
every Way, and about three Inches
deep in the Ground.

Thefe Beds fhould be rais’d above
the Level of the Ground, in pro-
portion to the Moifture of the Soil ;
-which if dry, three Inches will be

“@nough : but, if it be wet, they muft
be rais’'d fix or eight Inches high,
and laid a little rounding, to fhoot off
the Wet.

If thefe Beds are made in the End
of Fuly, which is the beft time to
tran{plant the Roots, the Weeds will
foon appear very thick: therefore
you fhould gently hoe the Surface of
the Ground, to deftroy them; be-
ing very careful not to cut fo deep as
to touch any of the Roots ; and this
fhould be repeated as often as may
be found neceflary, by the Growth
of the Weeds, obferving always to

NA

do it in dry Weather, that they may” |

be effectually deftroy’d: and toward
the Latter-end of Ofobcr, after hav-
ing intirely cleared the Beds from
Weeds, you fhould fift a little rich
light Earth over them, about an
Inch thick; the Goodnefs of which
will be wafh’d down to the Roots
by the Winter’s Rain, which will
greatly encourage their Shooting in
the Spring. ,

If the Cold fhould be very fevere

in Winter, you fhould cover the

Beds with Peas-haulm, or fome fuch
light Covering, to prevent the Froft
from penetrating the Ground to’ the
Roots, which might greatly injure
them while they are fo young.

In the Spring, when the Plants be-
gin to appear above-ground, you
muft gently ftir the Surface of the
Ground, clearing it from Weeds,
Sc. in doing of which, you fhould
be very careful not to injure the
Plants: and, if the Seafon fhould
prove dry, you fhould now-and-then
gently refrefh them with Water,
which will ftrengthen the Roots.

When their Leaves are decay’d,
you fhould clear the Beds from
Weeds, and fift alittle Earth over
them (as was before directed) ; which
muft alfo be repeated in O@ober, in
like manner: but the Roots fhould
not remain longer in thefe Beds than
two Years; by which time their

Roots will have grown fo large as —

to require more room; therefore

they fhould be taken up as foon as

their Leaves are decay’d, and plant-
ed into frefh Beds ; which fhould be
dug deep, and a little very rotten
Dung buried in the Bottom, for the
Fibres of the Roots to ftrike into.

Then the Roots fhould be planted at —

fix Inches Diftance, and the fame
Depth in the Ground. In the Au-
tumn, before the Froft comes on, if
fome rotten Tan is laid over re

5s

NA

Beds, it will keep out the F roft, and
- greatly encourage the Roots; and,
if the Winter fhould prove fevere, it
will-be proper to lay a greater Thick-
. nefs of Tan over the Beds, and alfo
in the Alleys, to keep out Froft, or
to cever them over with Straw or
Peas-haulm, otherwife they may be
all deftroyed by the Cold. In the
Spring thefe Coverings fhould be re-
mov’d, as foon as the Danger of hard
Frofts is over, and the Beds muft be
kept clean from Weeds the follow-
ing Summer: at Michaelmas they
fhould have fome frefh Earth laid
over the Beds, and covered again
with Tan: and fo every Year con-
tinu’d till the Roots fower, when
you fhould mark all fuch as promife
well, which fhould be taken up as
foon as their Leaves decay, and in
Autumn planted at a greater Diftance
in new-prepar’d Beds: but thofe
which do not flower, or thofe you
do not greatly efteem, fhould be per-
mitted to remain in the fame Bed ;
_ therefore, in taking up thofe Roots
which you mark’d, you muft be care-
ful not to difturb the Roots of thofe
_ left, and alfo to level the Earth again,
and fift fome frefh Earth over the
Beds (as before) to encourage the
_ {mall Roots; for it oftenhappens,in the
| Seedlings of thefe Flowers, that at
their firit time of blowing, theirFlow-
ers do feldom appear half fo beautiful
as they do the fecond or third Year:
for which Reafon none of them
fhould be rejeéed until they have
flower'd two or three times, that fo
you may be affured of their Worth.
Thus having laid down Direéti-
‘ons for the fowing and managing
thefe Roots, until they are ftrong
enough to flower ; I thall proceed
to give fome Inftruétions for plant-
ing and managing the Roots after-
wards, fo as to caufe them to Pre-
duce ee fair Flowers.
Vou.

-
;

NA

All the Sorts of Narcifus which
produce many Flowers upon a Stalk,
fhould havea Situation defendedfrom
cold and ftrong Winds, otherwife they
will be fubjecito be injured bytheCold
in Winter, and their Stems broken
down when in Flower : for, notwith- —
ftanding their Stalks are generally
pretty ftrong, yet the Number of
Flowers upon each renders their
Heads weighty, efpecially after
Rain, which lodges in the Flowers,
and, if fucceeded by ftrong Winds,
very often deftroys their Beauty, if
they are expos’d thereto; fo that a
Border under an Hedge, which is
open to the South-eaft, 1s preferable
to any other Polition for thefe Flow-
ers.

The morning Sun rifing upon
them will dry off the Moifture
which had lodged upon them the
preceding Night, and caufe them to
expand fairer than, when they are
planted in a fhady Situation; and
if they are too much expos’d to the
afternoon Sun, they will be hurry'd
out of their Beauty very foon ; and
the ftrong Winds ufually coming
from the Weft and South-weft Points,
they will be expos’d to the Fury of
them, which frequently is very in-
jurious to them. But you fhould
not plant them under a Wall, of
any other clofe Fence; for that will
reflect the Heat too greatly upon the
Flowers, and alfo draw them up
with weak Stems, fo that they will
not flower fo ftrong, nor continue fo
long in Beauty.

Having made choice of a proper
Situation, you muft then proceed to
prepare the Earth neceflary to plant
them in; for if the natural Soil of
the Place be very ftrong, or poor,
it will be proper to make the Bor-
der of new Earth, removing the
former Soil away about three Feet
deep. The beit Earth for thefe
* Ooe Flowers

NA

- Flowers is a frefh light hazel Loam,
mix’d up with a little very rotten
Neats-dung: this fhould be well
mix’d together, and often turn’d
over, in order to fweeten it: then,
having remov'd away the old Earth
to the fore-mention’d Depth, you
fhould put a Laying of rotten Dung,
or Tan, in the Bottom, about fix or
eight Inches thick, upon which you
mutt lay fome of the prepar’d Earth
about eighteen or twenty Inches

thick, making it exactly level ; then, -

having mark’d out by Line the exaé
Diftances at which the Roots are to
be planted (which fhould not be lefs
than fix or eight Inches fquare), you
muft place the Roots accordingly,
obferving to fet them upright; then
you muft cover them over with the
before-mention’d Earth about eight
Inches deep, being very careful, in
doing of it, not to difplace ‘the
Roots : when this is done, you muft
make the Surface of the Border even,
and make up the Side ftrait, which
will appear handfome.
‘The beft ‘time for planting thefe
Roots is toward the End of Augu/ ;
for if they are kept too long out of
the Ground, it will caufe their
Flowers to be very weak. You
fhould alfo obferve the Nature of
the Soil where they are planted, and
whether the Situation be wet or dry,
according to which you fhould adapt
the freth Earth, and order the Beds ;
for, if the Soil be very ftrong, and
the Situation moift, you fhould then
make choice of a lightHatth,and raife
the Beds fix or eight Inches, or ‘a
Foot, above theLevel of theGround,
otherwife the Roots will be in Dan-
ger of perifhing by too much Wet:
but if the Situation be dry, and the
Soil naturally light, you thould then
allow the Earth to be a little ftrong-
er ; and the Beds fhould not be rais’d
above three Inches high : for if they

NA

art made too high, the Roots will
fuffer very mucn, if the Spring
fhould prove dry, nor would the
Flowers be near fo fair. As alfo, in
very fevere Winters, thofe Beds
which are rais’d much above the
Level of the Ground, will be more
expos’d to the Cold than thofe which
are lower, unlefs the Alleys are fill-
ed up with rotten Tan, or Litter.
During the Summer, the only
Culture thefe Flowers require is, to
keep them free from Weeds ; and
when their Leaves are intirely de-
cay’d, they fhould be raked off, and
the Beds made clean: but by no
means cut off their green Leaves
fooner, as is by fome prattis’d ; for
that greatly weakens the Roots.
Toward the middle of Oober,.
if the Weeds have grown upon the
Beds, you fhould, in a dry Day,
gently hoe the Surface of the Ground,
to deftroy them, obferving to rake
it over-{mooth again; and, before
the Frofts come on,. the Beds fhould.

- be cover’d over two Inches thick

with rotten Tan, to keep out the
Froft ; after which, they will require
no farther Care till the Spring,
when their Leaves will appear above-
ground ; at which time you fhould |
gently ftir the Surface of the Earth
with a {mall Trowel, being very —
careful not.to injure the Leaves of ©
the Plants, and rake it fmooth with
your Hands, clearing off all Weeds.
&fc. which, if fuffer’d to remain at —
that Seafon, will foon grow fo faft, —
as to appear unfightly, and will eX-
hauft the Nourifhment from the —
Earth. With this Management thefe |,
Roots will flower very ftrong, fome: |¢
of which will appear in March, and |;
the others in 4pri/ ; which, ‘if fuffer- |;
ed to remain, will continue in Beau- |}
ty a full Month, and are, at that 0
Seafon, very great Ornaments to
Flower-garden. cali

NA

_ ‘After theFlowers are paft, and the
Leaves decay’d, you fhould ftir the
Surface of the Ground, to prevent
the Weeds from growing ; and if at
the fame time you lay a little very
rotten Dung over the Surface of the
Beds, the Rain will wath down the
Salts thereof, which will greatly en-
courage the Roots the fucceeding
Year.
During the Summer-feafon they
will require no farther Care, but to
keep them clear from Weeds, till
OG&ober, when the Surface of the
Beds fhould be again ftirr’d, raking
off all Weeds, Sc. and laying fome
good frefh Earth over the Beds about
an Inch deep, which wiil compen-
fate the Lofs: fuftain’d by Weeding,
€c. and in the Spring you mutt
manage as was directed for the pre-
ceding Year. |
Thefe Roots fhould not be tranf-
planted oftener than. every third
Year ; becaufe the firft Year after
removing they never flower fo trong
as they do the fecond and third ; nor
will the Roots increafe fo fait, when,
they are often tranfplanted: but if
you let them remain longer than
three Years unremov'd, the Number
‘of Of-fets, which by that time will
‘he produc’d, will weaken the large
| Batbs, and caufe them to produce
wery flender Flowers: therefore, at
the time of tranfplanting them, all
the fmall Off-fets fhould be taken
off, and planted in a Nurfery-bed
by themfelves; but the jarge Bulbs
may be planted again for Flowering.
If you plant them in the fame Bed
where they grew before, you muft
take out all the Earth two Feet deep,
and fill up again with frefh, in the
manner before direéted, which wil!
be equal to removing them into an-
other Place: this is the conftant
Pragtice of the Gardeners in Hof-
and, who have but litle room to

NA

change their Roots ; therefore they
every Year remove the Earth of
their Beds, and put in frefh ; fo that
the fame Place is conitantly occupy’d
by the like Flowers.

The fifteenth Sort is pretty com-
mon in many of the Gardens near
London: this produces only one
fingle white Flower on the Top of
the Stalk, which turns on one Side,
and has a purple Rim to the Cupin
the Middle: it flowers the Latter-
end of 4pri/, and the Beginning of
May ; and is very hardy.

The Eaftern Sorts, having been
lately introduced into the Engh
Gardens, are not at prefent very

common: but as they are all very .

hardy Plants, and multiply pretty
fat by Off-fets, in few Years they
will be in as great Plenty as any of
the other Kinds.

The thirty-feventh, thirty-eighth,
thirty-ninth, and fortieth Sorts are
extremely worth cultivating in every
good Garden, for the fake of their
beautiful {weet -fmelling Flowers,
which continue from the Beginning
of March to the End of 4pri/, un-
lefs the Seafon proves very hot. The
forty - fourth Sort often produces
twenty Flowers on each Stalk, which
are of a fnow-white Colour, and
{mell exceeding fweet. __

The thirty-feventh Sort produces
very double Flowers, which are
larger than thofe of the Jonquil,
and a great Number of them upon
each Stalk ; the outer Petals of the
Flower are white, and the middle
are a Mixture of white and orange
Petals, which make a fine Appear-
ance ; and the Flower having a moft
agreeable Scent, renders them the
moft valuable of all the Kinds. This
is the firft Sort which flowers in the
Spring. Oftentimes it is in full
Flower by the middle of February,
when the Seafon is mild; and the

Ooo 2 green

— ——- e F

“7s

i i
= = ;

NA

green Leaves always appear in De
cember. ‘Therefore the Roots of this
Sort fhould net be kept longer out
of the Ground than the Beginning
of September. Thefe fhould alfo be
planted in a warm Situation; and,

in hard Froft, cover’d with Mats,

or Peas-haulm : otherwife the Flow-
er-buds, which lie juft under the Sur-
face of the Ground, will be deftroy-

ed: fo that, in fuch Places where -

this Care hath not been taken, they
have not produced any Flowers for
feveral Years; which fome ignorant
Perfons have imputed to the Roots
being bad.

The forty-fifth Sort was difco-
ver'd by the late Dr. William Hou/-
toun at La Vera Cruz, where it
grew in great Plenty. This hath
Leaves like thofe of the Jonquil,
and there is but one Flower pro-
duced on each Stalk. It is propa-
gated by Off-fets from the Roots, in
the fame manner as the common
Narciffus; but is very tender ; there-
fore muft be preferv’d in the Stove,
and treated after the fame manner as
the tender Kinds of Amary/lis, other-
wife it will not thrive in this Coun-
try.
"The common Sorts of Daffodil
are generally planted in large Bor-
ders of the Pieafure-garden; where
being intermix’d with other bulbous-
rooted Flowers, they afford an agree-
able Variety in their Seafons of
Flowering. ‘Thefe Roots are very
hardy, and will thrive in almoft any
Soil or Situation; which renders
them very proper for rural Gardens,
where, being planted under the
Shade of Trees, they will endure
feveral "Years without tranfplanting,
aud produce annually, in the Spring,
‘great Quantities of Flowers, which
afford an agreeable Profpect.

The Jonguils, fhould be planted
in Beds, or Borders, feparate from

NA.

other Roots ; becaufe thefe require
to be tranfplanted at leaft every
other Year, otherwife their Roots are
apt to grow long and flender, and
feldom flower well after; which is
alfo the Cafe, ifthey are continued |
many Years in the fame Soil : where-
fore theRoots fhould be often remo-
ved from one Part of the Garden to
another, or, at leaft, the Earth fhould
be often renew’d ; which is the moft
probable Method to preferve thefe
Flowers in Perfection.

The Soil in which thefe Flowers
fucceed beft, is an hazel Loam, nei-
ther too light, nor over-ftiff ; it muft
be frefh, and free from Roots of ©
Trees, or noxious Weeds; but ©
fhould not be dung’d : for it is very
remarkable, that where the Ground —
is made rich, they feldom’ continue
good very long, but are fubjeé& to
fhoot downwards, and form long
flender Roots. oe

Thefe Flowers are greatly efteem-
ed by many People for their trong
{weet Scent ; though thereare very
few Ladies that can bear the Smell
of them: fo powerful is it, that,
many times, it overcomes their Spi-
rits, efpecially if confin’d ina Room: : |

|

=

for which Reafon they fhould never
be planted too clofe to an Habita-
tion, left they become offenfive 5
nor fhould the Flowers be placed in
fuch Rooms where Company are en=
tertain’d. :
NASTURTIUM, Crefs. :.
The CharaGers are; ie
The Flower confifts of four Leaves,
which are placed in form of a.Crofs: —
the Pointal, which rifes from the
Centre of the Flower-cup, becomesa
rountifh fmooth Fruit, which is di-
vided into Cells, by the intermediate
Partition, obliquely placed, with re« )
Spe to the Valves, and furnife’d with —
Seeds, which are generally fmooth: to |
avbich may be added, The Leaves are |
cus

4

NA

¢ut into many Parts, by which Crefs

is difiinguifbed from Thlafpi, or
Treacle-muftard.
The Species are ;

t. Nasturtium hortenfe vulga-
tum. C. B. P. Common Garden-
crefs,

2. Nasturtium hbortenfe cri-
JSpum. C. B.P. Curl'd Garden-crefs.

3. Nasturtium hortenfe latifa-
lium. C.B.P. Broad-leav’d Gar-
den-crefs.

4. Nasturtium fylveftre, cap-
fulis criftatis. Tourn. Swine’s-crefs,
or Warted Bucks-horn.

The firft Sort is commonly culti-
vated in Gardens as a Sallad-herb;
and is chiefly efteem’d in the Winter
and Spring, it being one of the warm
Kind. During the Winter - feafon,
it muft be fown upon a gentle Hot-
bed, and cover’d with either Mats
or Glaffes, to preferve it from great
Rains or Froft, both of which are
equally deftructive at that Seafon : in
the Spring it may be fown in warm
Borders, where, if it be defended
from cold Winds, it will thrive very
well: but if you would continue it
in Summer, you muift fow it upon
fhady Borders, and repeat fowing
every third Day; otherwife it will
be too large for Ufe; for at that
Seafon it grows very fait.

The broad-leav’d and curl’d Sorts
are preferv’d in fome Gardens for
Curiofity-fake, and to garnifh Dithes;
_ but the common Sort is equally as
_ good for Ufe. Thefe fhould be
_ fown fomewhat thinner than the
~ common Sort, and, when the Plants
» come up, they fhould be drawn out,
fo as to leave the remaining ones
_ half an Inch afunder, whereby they
' will have room to expand their
Leaves, in which their Difference
from the common Sorts confifts.

In order to preferve thefe Varie-
tics dillingt, you muft carefully fe-

NE

parate all fuch Plants as appear in-
clin’d to degenerate from their —
Kinds, leaving only fuch of the
broad-leav’d Kind as have very fair
broad Leaves; and fo of the curl’d
Sort, only fuch as have their Leaves
very much curl’d; being very care-
ful not to intermix them together.
When the Seeds are ripe, the Plants
fhould be drawn up, and fpread up-
on a Cloth two or three Days to dry;
after which theSeeds fhould be beaten
yt and preferved in a dry Place for

e.

NASTURTIUM INDICUM.
Vide Acriviola.

NECTARINE. 3

This Fruit fhould have been pla-
ced under the Article of Peaches, to
which it properly belongs, differing
from them in nothing more than in
having a {mooth Rind, and the Flefh
being firmer. Thefe the French
diftinguifh by the Name of Brugzon,
as they do thofe Peaches which ad-
here to the Stone, by the Name of
Pavies, retaining the Name of
Pefche to {uch only as part from the
Stone : but fince the Writers in Gar-
dening have diftinguifhed this Fruit
by the Name of Ne&arine from the
Peaches, fo I fhall follow their Ex-
ample, left, by endeavouring. to

‘rectify their Miftakes, I fhould ren-:

der myfelf lefs intelligible to the
Reader. I fhall therefore mention
the feveral Sorts of this Fruit which
have come to my Knowlege:

1. Fairchild’s Early Neéarine.
This is one of the earlieft ripe Ne-
ctarines we have: it is a {mall round
Fruit, about the Size of the Nutmeg
Peach, of a beautiful red Colour,
and well-flavoured: it ripens the
Middle of Ful.

z. Elruge Nectarine: the Tree
has fawed Leaves : the Flawers are
{mall : it isa middle-fiz’d Fruit, of.
a dark-red or purple Colour next

0003 the

“=
»

NE
the Sun; but of a pale-yellow or
greenifh Colour toward the Wall ;
it parts from the Stone, and has a
foft melting Juice : this’ripens in the
End of Fuly.

3. Newington Netarine: theTree
has fawed Leaves: the Flowers are
Jarge and open: it is a fair large
Fruit (when planted on a good Soil)
ofa beautiful red Colour next the
Sun : but of a bright yellow to-
wards the Wall: it has an excellent
rich Juice : the Pulp adheres clofely
to the Stone, where it is of a deep

‘red Colour: this ripens the Begin-

ning of Augu/?, and is the beft - fla-

_voured of all the Sorts.

4. Scarlet Neétarine is fomewhat
Jefs than the laft, of afine red or
fcarlet Colour next the Sun ; but
Jofes itfelf in paler red toward the
Wall: this ripens in the End of
Ful.

5- Brugnon or Italian Ne€arine
has fmooth Leaves : the Flowers are
fmall: itis a fair large Fruit of a
deep-red Colour next the Sun; but

ef afoft-yellow toward the Wall:

the Pulp is firm, ofa rich Flavour,
and clofely adheres to the Stone,
where it is very red: ‘this ripens in
the Middle of Auguf.

6. Roman Red Ne€arine has
fmooth Leaves, and large Flowers :
it is a large fair Fruit, of a deep-red
or purple Colour toward the Sun; but
has a yellowifh Caft next the Wall :
the Flefhis firm, of an excellent Fla-
vout, clofely adhering to the Stone,
where it is very red: this ripens in
the Middle of Auguft.

>. Marry Neétarine is a middle-
fiz'd Fruit, of a dirty red Colour on
the Side next the Sun ; but of a yel-
lowifh green towards the Wall : the
Pulp is tolerably well flavoured: this
ripens the Middle of Augu/?.

g. Golden Neétarine is a fair -
handiome Fruit, of a foft-red Colour

N E

next the Sun; but of a bright-yel-
low next the Wall : the Pulp is very
yellow, of a rich Flavour ;and clofe-
ly adheres to the Stone, where it is
of a faint-red Colour: this ripens
the Beginning of September.

9. Femple’s NeGtarineisa middle-
fiz'd Fruit, of a foft-red Colour
next the Sun ; but of a yellowith-
green toward the Wall: the Pulp
is melting, of a white Colour to-
ward the Stone, from which it
parts, and has a fine poignant Fla-
vour: this ripens in the Middle of
September.

10. Peterborough or Late-green
Neétarine is a middle-fiz’d Fruit, of
a pale-green Colour on the Outfide
next the Sun; but of a whitifh-green
toward the Wall: the Fleth is firm,
and, in a good Seafon, well-flavour-
ed: this ripens at the End of Sep-
tember.

There are fome Perfons who pre-
tend to have more Sorts than ] have
here fet down ; but I much doubt
whether they are different from thofe
here mention’d, there being fo near
Refemblance between the Fruits of
this Kind, that it requires a very
clofe Attention to diftinguifh them
well, efpecially if the Trees grow in
different Soils and Afpeéts ; which
many times altersthe fame Fruit fo
much as hardly to be difting wifh’d

by Perfons who are very converfant —

with them: therefore, inordertobe 7

thoroughly acquainted with their Dif-
ferences, itis neceflary to confider
the Shape and Size of their Leaves,
the Size of their Flowers, their

many times very helpful in knowing
of thefe Fruits. ° |

The Culture of this Fruit differ- - ;

ing in nothing from that of the

Peach, I fhall forbear mentioning any |

thing on that Head in this Place, to
avoid Repetition ; but refer theRea-
ho cer

cP
}
4

Manner of fhooting, (7c. which is / ~

“ae

8 der,

NE

der to the Article Perfica, where
there is an ample Account of their
Planting, Pruning, &c.

NEPETA: Vide Cataria.

NERIUM, The Opn et
Rofe-bay.

~ The Charaders are;

The Flowers are monopetalous and
funneljbapd, divided into frve Seg-
ments at the Top: out of the Flower-
cup arifes the Pointal, which becomes
a taper Fruit, or Pod, divided into
twoCells by an intermediatePartition,
and filled with flat Seeds, which
have Down adhering to them.

The Species are ;

1, Nerium floribus rubefcentibus.

C. B. P. Oleander with red Flow-

or

_ ers.

z. Nertum floribus albis. C.B.P.
Yleander with white Flowers.

3. Nertum Indicum anguftifoli-
um, floribus odoratis fimplicibus, H.L.
Narrow-leav’d Jndian Oleander,with
fingle {weet fcented Flowers.

4. Nexium Jndicum latifolium,

floribus odoratis plenis. H.L. Broad-
leav’d /ndian Oleander, with double
{weet-fcented Flowers.

5. Nerium Indicum, fore varie-
gato odorato pleno. H. Amft. Indian
Oleander, with double {weet-fcented
variegated Flowers, commonly call’d
South-Sea Rofe.

6. Nerium floribus ex allo &F
rofeo varicgatis. Tourn. Cor. Olean-

or Rofe- bay, with a white
Flower {trip’d with Red.

7. Nerium Indicum latifolium,
frore rubro majore. Broad-leav’d Jn-
dian Oleander, with a larger red
Flower.

The firft and fecond Sorts are very
common in the Engi/b Gardens,
where they are preferv’d in Pots or
Tubs, and placed amongft Myrtles,
Oranges, &Jc, in the Green-houle :
they are pretty hardy Plants, and
@nlyrequire to be theltered from hard

~

‘ie.

Froft ; for in moderate Winters I. ~

have known them ftand abroad in
warm Borders; but in hard Frofts
they areoften deftroy’d, if expos’d
thereto.

Thefe may be placed in Winter in
an ordinary Green-houfe among
Bays, &¥c. which require a great
Share of free Air, and only want
Protection from hard Frofts ; where
they will thrive better than if plac’d
in a warmer Houfe, or kept too clofe
in Winter. They are propagated «°
from Suckers, which they fend forth
from their Roots in great Plenty, or —
by laying down their tender Branches,
which will take Root in one Year:
the time for laying them down is in

the Beginning of 4pri/;and the Year _

following the Layers fhould be taken
off, when they fhould be planted in-.
to Pots filled with frefh rich Earth,
obferving to place them in the Shade,
until they have taken Root; after
which they may be expofed with

-Myrtles, Geraniums, &¥c. in fome

Place where they may be fheltered
from ftrong Winds. During the
Summer-feafon they muft be plenti-
fully watered, otherwife they will
make but poor Progrefs, and pro-
duce very few Flowers ; but if they
are conftantly fupplied with Water;
they will make a fine Appearance

during the Months of Fu/y and Ax-
gu/?, when they will be covered with

Flowers. In Winter they muft be

frequently refrefhed with Water,

but it fhould not be given them in
large Quantities at that Seafon. ,

The third, fourth, fifth, and fe-
venth Sorts are tenderer than the
others ; therefore require a warmer °
Situation in Winter ; nor muft they

‘ be expofed to the open Air in Sum-

mer ; for if they are placed abroad,
their Flowers will not open ; fo that

in Winter they fhould'be placed in a ©

warm Green-houfe, and in Summer
Ooo 4 they

ry

N E

they fhould be removed into an airy
Glafs-cafe, where they may be de-
fended from the Cold of the Nights ;
but inthe Day-time they fhould have
_a large Share of free Air, obferving
to give them plenty of Water, which
will caufe them to produce their
Flowers large, and in great Quanti-
ties. Thefe Plants are Natives of the
Spanifh Weft - Indies, from whence
they were brought into the Exglif
Colonies in America, where they
were planted for the Beauty of their
Flowers ; but fince the Inhabitants
have found they deftroy their Cattle
which have browzed on the Plants,
they ufually root them out near their
Settlements.

Thefe Sorts alfo flower in Fuly
and Augufi, when they make a beau-
tiful Appearance; for they produce
their Flowers in very large Bunches ;
and the Flowers of the fourth and
fifth Sorts are very large and double,
and the Smell of them very much
refembles that of White-thorn, which
makes them deferving of a Place in
every good Green-houfe.

Thefe Plants may be propagated
from Suckers or Layers, as the two
former; but they do not produce

- Suckers in fo great Plenty as thofe
in this Country. They all grow
naturally on the Sides of Rivers, and
moift Places; fo that they may have
plenty of Water.

The fixth Sort was difcovered by
Dr. Tournefort in the Levant. ‘This
is very rare at prefent in Europe; but
is as hardy as the common Sort, and
may be propagated in the fame man-
ner.

The third Sort produces flefh-co-
loured Flowers, of the fame Size
and Shape as thofe of the common
Sort; but have a very mufky Scent,
fo that they perfume the Houfe in
which they are placed, when they
are in Flower. The Flowers of this

N I

Kind will not open fair, if they are
expofed in the open Air; fo that
they fhould be placed in a Stove or
Glafs-cafe in Summer, with the two
double Kinds, and the feventh Kind ;
where they will make a beautiful
Appearance, and continue a long
time in Flower.

All the Sorts fhould be thifted
every Spring, about the Beginning
of April; when the Suckers, or Lay-
ers, which are rooted, muft be taken
off, and planted into Pots fill’d with
light rich Earth. The Roots of the
old Plants muft be trimmed, and as
much of the Earth taken from their
Roots, as may be done without In-
jury to the Plants, and the Pots fill-
ed with frefh rich Earth, which will
encourage the Plants to produce a
great Number cf Flowers.

NICOTIANA, Tobacco.

The Chara&ers are;

The Flower confifts of one Leaf, is
Sunnel-foaped, and divided at the Top
into five deep Segments, which expand
like a Star: the Ovary becomes an
oblong or roundifo membranaceousFruit,
which is divided into tawo Cells by an
intermediate Partition, and is fill’d
with {mall roundife Seeds.

The Species ares,

1. Nicotiana major latifolia.
C. B. P. The greater broad-leav’d
Tobacco.

2. Nicotiana major anguftifolia.
C.B.P. The greater narrow-leav’d
Tobacco. :

3. NicoT1aNna major anguftifolia
perennis. Fuffieu. ‘The greater nar-
row-leav’d perennial Tobacco.

4. Nicotiana minor. C. B. P.
The lefier or common Lagi To-
bacco.

5. Nicotiana minor, fois rugo-
fioribus amplioribus, Vaill. | Leffer
Tobacco, with larger and rougher
Leaves. .

6, Nicotiana major latifolia,

floribus

N I

foribus albis, vafeulo brevi. Martyn.

Cent. 1. Greater broad-leav’d To-

bacco, with white Flowers, and a

fhort Seed-veffel.

7. Nicotiana humilis, primule
weris folio. Houft. Dwarf Tobacco,
with a Primrofe-leaf.

8. Nicotiana minor, folio cordi-
fermi, tubo floris praelongo. Feuille.
Smaller Tobacco, with an _ heart-
fhaped Leaf, and a Flower with a
longer Tube.

The firft Sort is known by the
Planters in America under the Title
of Oronooko ; of which there feem to
be two differentKinds,varying in the
Largenefs and Texture of their
Leaves, fome having very broad,

rough, roundifh Leaves ; and others
are narrower, {moother, and termi-
nate in a Point : but neither of thefe
Sorts are efteem’d by the American
Planters, becaufe the Produce of this,
tho’ it is much greater than the nar-
row-leav’d Sort, yet it is not near fo
-mnch efteem’d by the Exglif>. This
‘Sort is commonly cultivated in Ger-
many, about Hanover and Strasburgh ;
and is fomewhat hardier than the
harrow-leav’d Sorts; which renders it
preferable to that for cultivating
‘in Northern Climates.

This Plant is ordered by the Col-
lege of Phyficians for medicinal Ufe,
and is what fhould be made ufe of
for the Unguentum Nicotiane (or
Ointment of Tobacco); tho’ many
times the leffer or Engle Tobacco
is brought to Market for that Pur-
ofe.

The narrow-leav’d Sort is com-
monly call’d the fweet-icented To-
acco, from its having a much more
greeable Scent, when fmok’d, than
he broad-leav’d Sort : the Smoke of
vhich is very offenfive to moft Per-
ons who have not been accuftom’d
o it, This Sort is cultivated in
eat Plenty in Virginia, Cuba, Bra-

N I
fil, and feveral other Parts of Ame-

rica: from whence it is brought to
moft Parts of Europe, but efpecially
to England, it being prohibited to
be cultivated in this Country, left his
Majeity’s Revenues fhould be there-
by leffened; but as a {mall Quan-
tity is permitted to be cultivated for
medicinal Ufe,I fhall briefly fet down
the Method how it may be propaga-
ted, fo as tohave fair large Leaves for
that Purpofe.

The Seeds of this Plant muft be
fown upon a moderate Hot-bed in
March; and when the Plants are
come up, they fhould be tranfplant~
ed into a new Hot-bed of a mode-
rate Warmth, about ,four Inches
under each Way, obferving to wa-
ter and fhade them until they have
taken Root: after which you muft
let them have Air in proportion to
the Warmth of the Seafon, other-
wife they will draw up very weak,
and be thereby lefs capable of en-
during the open Air: you mutt alfo
obferve to water them frequently ;
but while they are very young, they
fhould not have too great Quantities
of Water ; tho” when they are pretty
ftrong, they will require to have it
often, and in plenty.

In this Bed the Plants fhould re-
main until the Beginning of May;
by which time (if they have fucceed-
ed well) they will touch each other :
therefore they fhould be enured to
the open Air gradually : after which
they muft be taken up carefully, pre-
ferving a large Ball of Earth to each
Root, and planted into a rich light
Soil, in Rows four Feet afunder,
and the Plants three Feet Diftancein
the Rows, obferving to water them
until they have taken Root ; after
which they will require no farther
Care (but only to keep them clear
from Weeds) until the Plants begin
to fhew their Flower-fiems ; at which

time

N I

time you fhould cut of the Tops of
them, that their Leaves may be the
better nourifhed, whereby they will
be rendered larger, and of a thicker
Subftance. In Augu/? they will be
full-grown, when they fhould be
cut for Ufe; for if they are per-
raitted to ftand longer, their Under-
leaves will begin to decay.

The perennial Sort was brought
from the Frexch Settlements in the
Weft-Indies into the Royal Garden
at Paris, where it is cultivated in

fmall Quantities, for making Snuff.

The Seeds of this Kind I received ~

from Monfieur de Fuffeu, Demon-
ftrator of the Plants in the Royal
‘Garden: it has fucceeded very well
in the Phyfic-garden, and abides the
Winter in a common Green-houfe
without artificial Heat.

The two fmaller Sorts of Tobacco
are preferved in Botanic Gardens for
Variety ; but are feldom propagated
for Ufe. The firft Sort is found
growing upon Dunghils in divers
Parts of England. Thefe are both
very hardy, and may be propagated

by fowing their Seeds in March, ©

upon a Bed of light Earth, where
they .will come up, and may be
tranfplanted into any Part of the
Garden.

The firft of thefe Sorts is the moft
common in Exg/land, and is gene-
rally raifed by the Gardeners near
London, who fupply the Markets
with -Pots of Plants to adorn Bal-
conies and Shop~- windows in the
City. This Sort, when raifed early
in the Spring, and planted in a rich
Soil, will grow to the Height of ten
ortwelve Feet, provided the Plants
are duly watered in dry Weather.

The fixth Sort of Tobacco was
found growing wild in the Ifland of
Tobago, by Mr. Robert Millar, Sur-
geon, who fent the Seeds intoE£urope,
which have fucceeded in feveral cu-

N I

rious Gardens. This Sort produces
broader and rounder Leaves than
the common Sort, which are lefs’
veined, and very glutinous. The _
Plants ufually grow about five Feet

high, and the Flowers of this are

white, in which it differs from all
the other Sorts. ‘
Both thefe Sorts are as hardy as —
the common broad.-leav’d Kind, and
are propagated in the fame manner
as hath been directed for that. |
The feventh Sort was difcovered
by the late Dr. William Houffoun, at
La Vera Cruz; from whence he fent _
the Seeds, and dried Samples of the
Plant. ‘This Sort is very different
from all the other Kinds inthe man- _
ner of its Growth; for the Leaves
of this Plant grow in'Tufts near the
Ground. Out of the Middle of thefe ~
Leaves, arifes the Flower-ftem,which —
is naked, having no Leaves upon it, —
to theHeight of eighteen Inches, or :
a little more, and divides into many _
fmall Branches, on which ftand the
Flowers’on fhort Footftalks, which
are of a greenifh-yellow Colour. __
The eighth Sort was difcovered by
Father Feuillée inthe Spanifh Weft-
Indies. This Sort commonly grows
between three or four Feet high, and
divides into feveral fmall Branches:
the Leaves of this Sort are fhaped =
like an Heart, and the Flowers are”
of a greenifh-yellow Colour. a

Thefe two Sorts, being fomewhat

tenderer than the former, fhould be
fown early in theSpring on an Hot-
bed ; and when the Plants come up, q
they fhould be tranfplanted on an-
other moderateHot-bed; where they
muft be quly watered, and fhould
have a Jarge Share of free Air in a
warm Weather; and when the ~
Plants have obtained a good Share —
of Strength; they fhould be tranf
planted into’ feparate Pots, = |
plunged into a moderate tr on
' *- Dring}

NI

bring them forward : about the mid-
dle of Zune fome of the Plants may
be fhaken out of the Pots, and
_ planted into rich Earth ; but it will
be proper tokeep two Plants of each
Kind in Pots, which may be placed
in the Stove (in cafe the Seafon
fhould prove bad), that they may
ripen their Seeds, fo that the Species
may be preferved.
: NIGELLA, Fenel- flower, or
_ Devil in a Buhh.
| The CharaGers are ;

The Flower -cup confifis of five
Leaves, which expand in theForm ofa
| Star, and branch out into many other
| finall narrow Leaves: the Flower
confifis of many Leaves placed orbi-
cularly, and expand in form of a
| Rofe, having many feort Stamina
| furrounding the Ovary on the Centre
| of the Flower 3 which Ovary becomes
| a membranaccous Fruit, confifting of

feveral Cells, which are furnifbed
) avith Horns on the Top, and are full
| of Seeds. :
| The Species are ;
1. NIGELLA arvenfis cornuta. C.
|B. P. Wild horned Fenel-flower.
| 2. Nicexva Jatifolia, fore majore
fimplici caruleo. C. B. P. Broad-
)leav’d Fenel- flower, with a large
| fingle blue Flower.
| 3. NicELLa anguftifolia, fore ma-
jore fimplici caruleo.C. B.P. Nar-
_ row-leav’d Fenel-ilower, with a large
fingle blue Flower. |
| 4. Nigeria eanguftifolia, flor
majore fimplici albo. C. B. P. Nar-
row-leav’d Fenel-flower, with a large
fingle white Flower.
| 5. Nicenita flore majore pleno
ceruleo.C.B.P. Double blue Ni-
sella, or Fenel-flower.
6. NIGELLA flore minore fimiplici
tcandido. C.B.P. Fenel-flower with
a {mall white fingle Flower.
| 7. NicELLa fore minore, pleno &

°

N i

alto. C, B. P. Fenel-flower with a
{mall double white Flower. ~

8. Nicetra Orientalis, flore fla-
vo, femine alato plano. Tourn. Cor.
Oriental Fenel - flower, with a yel-
low Flower, and a flat wing’d
Seed. .

g. Nicerva Cretica latifolia odo-
rata. Park. Theat. Broad-leav'd
{weet-{cented Candy Fenel-flower.

There are fome other Varieties of
this Plant, which are preferv’d in
fome curious Botanic Gardens ; but
thofe here mention’d are what I have
obferv’d cultivated in the Englie
Gardens at prefent. |

All thefe Plants may be propaga-
ted by fowing their Seeds upon a
Bed of light Earth, where they are
to remain (for they feldom fucceed
well, if tranfplanted) : therefore, in
order to have them _interrmix’d
amongft other annual Flowers, in
the Borders of the Flower - garden,
the Seeds fhould be fown in Patches
at proper Diftances; and when the
Plants come up, you muft pull up
thofe which grow too clofe, leaving
but three or four of them in each
Patch, obferving alfo to keep them
clear from Weeds ; which is all the
Culture they require. In Fu/y they
will produce their Flowers, and their
Seeds will ripen in Auguff, when
they fhould be gather’d and dried ;
then rub out each Sort feparately,
and preferve them in a dry Place,

The Seafon' for fowing thefe Seeds
is in March ; but if you fow fome of
them in duguff, foon after they are
ripe, upon a dry Soil, and ina warm
Situation, they will abide in Winter,
and flower ftrong the fucceeding
Year : bywhichMethod they may be
continued in Beauty moft Part

of the Summer.

~The fifth Sort is that which is .

moft commonly cultivated in Exg-
land ;
6

. a ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ea ee ee EE — — eee

te OP eat Eat

N I

fand ; the Seeds of which are fold in
the Seed-fhops : but the other Sorts
deferve to be preferv’d as much as
that; for the various Sorts, when
rightly intermix’d, will afford an
agreeable Variety. They are all
annual Plants, which perifh foon af-
ter they have perfected their Seeds ;
which, if permitted to fcatter upon

. the Borders, will come up without

any farther Care. ‘The Plants com-
monly grow about a Foot high, and,

if they have a good Soil, will fend.

forth many Branches, each of which
terminates in a Flower.

NIGELLASTRUM. Vide Ly-
chnis Segetum major.

NIGHTSHADE.
mum,

NIL. Vide Anil.

NISSOLIA, Crimfon
vetch, vudgo.

The Charaers are;

It hath a papilionaceous Flower,
Like the Lathyrus, to which this Plant
agrees in every refpeat, excepting the
Leaves, which in this are produced
Jingly, and are not terminated by Cla/p-
ers,

The Species are ;

1, Nissorra vulgaris. Tourn.
Common Crimfon Grafs-vetch.

2. Nissot1a Orientalis, flore pur-
pureo. Tourn. Cor. Eaftern Grafs-
vetch, witha purple Flower. _

3. NissoLia Americana procum-
bens, folio rotundo, flore luteo. Ame-
rican trailing Vetch, with a round
Leaf, anda yellow Flower.

The firft Sort is found wild in fe-
veral Parts of Exgland, growing
commonly by the Sides of Foot-
paths; but is not very common near
London : I have gathered it in a Field
juft before you come to Putuey-com-
gnon, On the Left - hand Side of the
Road, under the Hedge which parts
the Field from the Road.

This Plant may be cultivated by

Vide Sola-

Grafs-

NI

fowing the Seeds in Augu/?, foon af-
ter they are ripe, on any Soil, or in
any Situation; where they will rife
foon after, and endure the Cold of
our Climate very well, and flower
early the fucceeding Spring ; but if
you fow the Seeds in the Spring, the
Plants commonly decay before they
come to flower, as I have feveral
times experienced: therefore you
need only to let the Seeds fall
upon the Ground when they are
ripe, and they will grow without
further Trouble, but only to keep
them clear from Weeds.

The Flowers of this Plant are
{maller than thofe of the Sweet-pea;
but are much the fame in Shape, and

of a fine fcarlet Colour: fo that be- .

ing intermix’d in large Borders
amongft thefe and other annual
Plants, it makes a pretty Variety,
and deferves a Place in every good
Garden.

The-fecond Sort was difcovered
by Dr. Tournefort in the Levant : this
is an hardy Plant, and may be fown
in the full Ground, and treated as
the common Sort ; but the third
Sort is more tender. This was dif-
cover’d by the late Dr. Williaz

|

Houftoun, near La Vera Cruz. The

Seeds of this Plant fhould be fown

on a moderate Hot-bed, early in the /

Spring ; and, when the Plants are
come up, they fhould be frequently —
refrefh’d with Water; and in warm ~
Weather the Glaffes of the Hot-bed
fhould be raifed a little every Day, —

to admit frefh Air to the Plants,

which will caufe them to grow

{trong ; and in about a Month’s time ~
they will be fit to tranfplant; when —

they fhould be taken up carefully, and
each planted into a {mall ‘Pot fil'd
with light Earth, and then plunged

into a moderate Hot-bed of Taa- —

ners Bark ; obferving to fhade them
from the Sun in the Heat of the ee |
un

)

N U
until théy have taken new Root:
after which time they fhould have a
large Share of Air in warm Weather,
and be frequently refrefh’d with
Water. The Plants may remain in
the Hot-bed unti! Autumn, when
the Cold begins to come on: at
which time they fhould be remov’d
into the Stove, and plunged into
the Bark-bed; where, if they are
carefully managed, they will live
through the Winter, and flower early
» the following Summer, fo will per-
fect their Seeds.
NOLI ME TANGERE. Vide
Balfamina Mas,
NONSUCH, or FLOWER of
BRISTOL. Vide Lychnis.
NUMMULARIA, Money-wort,
or Herb Two-pence.
This Plant grows wild in fhady
moift Places in divers Parts of Exg-
| dand: but as it is feldom preferved
in Gardens, I fhall fay ‘nothing of its
Culture in this Place.
- NURSERY, or Nurfery-garden,
is a Piece of Land fet apart for the
_ raifing and propagating of all Sorts
of Trees and Plants, to fupply the
_ Garden, and other Plantations. Of
this Sort, there are a great Number
in the different Parts of this King-
| dom ; but particularly in the Neigh-
_bourhood of London, which are oc-
cupied by the Gardeners, whofe
| Bufinefs it is to raife Trees, Plants,
and Flowers, for Sale: and in many
of thefe there is at prefent a much
greater Variety of Trees and Plants
cultivated, than can be found in any
other Part of Europe. In France,
their Nurferies (which are but few,
when compared with thofe in Ezg-
land) are chiefly confined to the
Propagation of Fruit-trees; from
whence they have the Appellation
of Pepinier. For there is {carce any
of thofe Gardens, where a Perfon
can be fupplied either with Ever-

NU

greens, Flowering-fhrubs, or Foreft~
trees. And in Ho//and, their Nur-
feries are principally for Flowers :
fome few of them indeed propagate
tender Exotic Plants. But thofe
Nurferies in the Neighbourhood of
London do, feveral of them, include
all thefe ; and’ from hence moft of
the curious Perfons abroad are fup-
plied with Furniture for their Gar-
dens. But I do not propofe, in this
Place, to treat of thefe extenfive
Nurferies, or to give a Defcription
of them ; therefore fhall confine my-
felf to treat of fuch Nurferies only
as are abfolutely neceflary for all
Lovers of Planting to have upomthe
Spot, where they defign to maké
their Plantation. For if thefe are
large, the Expence of carrying a
great Number of Trees, if the Di-
ftance is great, will be no {mall Ar-
ticle, befide the Hazard of their
growing ; which, when Plants have
been train’d up in good Land, and
remov’d to an indifferent one, is
very great. Therefore it is of the
utmoit Confequence to every Plant-
er, to begin by making of a Nur-
fery. But in this Article I muft beg
Leave to obferve, that a Nurfery
fhould not be fix’d to any one parti-
cular Spot: I mean by this, that it
would be wrong to continue the
raifing of Trees any Number of
Years upon the fame Spot of Ground;
becaufe hereby the Ground will be
fo much exhaufted by the Trees, as
to render it unfit for the fame Pur-
pofe. Therefore all good Nurfery-
gardeners do fhift and change their
Land, from time to time; for when
they have drawn off the Trees from
a Spot of Ground, they either plant |
Kitchen-herbs, or other things, up=
on the Ground for a Year or two;
by which time, as alfo by dunging
and trenching of the Land, it is re-
coverd, and made fit to receive

other

.
:
bt
;
%
|
"

NU
ether Trees. But this they are
obliged to from Neceflity, being
confined to the fame Land; which
is not the Cafe with thofe Gentle-
men, who havea large Extent of
Ground in the Country. Therefore
all fuch Perfons I would advife to
make Nurferies upon the Ground
which is intended for Planting,
where a fufficient Number of the
Trees may be left ftanding, after
the others have been drawn out, to
plant in other Places; which, for
all large - growing Trees, but par-
ticularly fuch as are cultivated for
Timber, will be found by much the
moft advantageous Method ; for all
thofe Trees which come up from the
Seed, or which are tranfplanted very
young into the Places where they
are defign’d to remain, will make a
much greater Progrefs, and become
larger Trees, than any of thofe
which are tranfplanted at a greater
Age. Therefore the Nurferies fhould
be thinned early, by removing all
thofe Trees which are intended for
other Plantations, while they are
young ; becaufe hereby the Expence
and ‘Trouble of ftaking, water-
ing, &c. will be faved, and the Trees
will fucceed much better. But in
expos'd Situations, where there are
Narferies made, it will be neceffary
to permit the Trees to ftand much
longer; that, by growing clofe to-
gether, they may fhelter each other,
and draw themfelves up: and thefe
fhould be thinned gradually, as the
Trees advance; for, by taking away
too many at firft, the Cold will check
the Growth of the remaining ‘Trees,
But then thofe Trees which are taken
out from thefe Nurferies, after a cer-
tain Age, fhould not be depended on
for Planting ; and it will he Prudence
rather to confign them for Fuel, than
by attempting to remove them large ;
whereby, in endeavouring to get them

NU

up with good Roots, ‘the Roots of
the ftanding Trees will be often much
injur’d.

What has been here propos’d,
muft be underftood for all large
Plantations in Parks, Woods, é&c.
but thofe Nurferies which are only
intended for the raifing of Ever-
greens, Flowering-fhrubs, or Plants
which are defign’d to embellifh Gar-
dens, may be confin’d to one Spot ;
becaufe a {mall Compafs of Ground

will be fufficient for this Purpofe.

Two or three Acres of Land em-
ploy’d this way, will be fufficient
for the moft extenfive Defigns; and
one Acre will be full enough for
thofe of moderate Extent. And
fuch a Spot of Ground may be al-
ways employed for fowing the Seeds
of foreign Trees and Plants ; as alfo
for raifing many Sorts of biennial
and perennial Flowers, to tranfplant
into the Borders of the Pleafure- gar-

den ; and for raifing many Kinds of |

bulbous-rooted Flowers from Seeds ;

whereby a Variety of new Sorts may
be obtain’d annually, which will re-
compenfe for the Trouble and Ex-
pence; and will moreover be an.
agreeable Diverfion to all thofe Per-

fons who delight in the Amufements

of Gardening.
Such a Nurfery as this fhould be

conveniently fituated for Water; for -

where that is wanting, there muft be

an Expence attending the Carriage of °

Water in dry Weather. It fhould
alfo be as near the Houfe as it can
with Conveniency be admitted, in
order to render it eafy to viiit at all
Times of the Year ; becaufe it is ab-
folutely neceffary, that it fhould be

under the Infpection of the Mafter 5

for,unlefs he delights in it, there will
be little Hopes of Succefs. The Soil
of this Nuriery fhould aifo be good;
and not too heavyand ftiff ; for fuch
Land will be very improper for fow-

ing ¥

; 1

:
|

NU

ing moft Sorts of Seeds ; becaufe, as
this will detain the Moifture in the
Spring and Winter, fo the Seeds of
moft tender Things, efpecially of
Flowers, will rot in the Ground, if
fown early. Therefore where Per-
fons are confined to fuch-Land, there
fhould be a good Quantity of Sand,
Afhes, and other light Manures,
buried, in order to feparate the
Parts, and pulverize the Ground;
and if it is thrown up in Ridges, to
receive the Froft in Winter, it will
be of great Ufe to it; as will alfo
the frequent forking or ftirring of
the Ground, both before and after
it is planted.

-The many Advantages which at-
tend the having fuch a Nurfery, are
fo obvious to every Perfon who has
turn’d his Thoughts in the leaft to
this Subject, that it is needlefs for
me to mention them here: and there-

_ fore I hall only beg Leave to repeat

here what I have fo frequently re-

_ commended; which is, the carefully
_ keeping the Ground always clean
_ from Weeds : for if thefe are per-
_ mitted to grew, they will rob the
young Trees of their Nourifhment,
_ Another principal Bufinefs is, to dig
the Ground between the young
Plants at leaft once every Year, to

loofen it for the Roots to ftrike out:
but, if the Ground is ftiff, it will be

_ better to be repeated twice a Year ;
wiz. in OGober and March; which
will greatly promote the Growth 6f
_ the Plants, and prepare their Roots
_ for tranfplanting.

ry

But as there may be fome Perfons

_who may have the Curiofity to raife
their own Fruit-trees, I fhall next
| treat of the proper Method to mak
a Narfery of thefe Trees. |

In the doing of which you muft
obferve the following Rules:

1. That the Soil in which you
make the Nurfery be not better than

NU
that where the Trees are to be plant-
ed out for good: the not obferving
this, is the Reafon that Trees are
often at a Stand, or make but little
Progrefs for three or four Years, af-
ter they come from the Nurfery ; 2s
it commonly happens to fuch Trees
as are raifed near London, and car-
ried into the Northern Parts of Exg-
land; where being planted in a
poor Soil, and a much colder Situa-
tion, the Trees feldom fucceed well:
therefore it is by far the better Me-
thod (when you have obtained the

Sorts you would propagate) to raife ~

a Narfery of the feveral Sorts of
Stocks proper for the various Kinds
of Fruit, upon which you may bud
or graft them; and thofe Trees
which are thus raifed upon the Soil,
and in the fame Degree of Warmth,
where they are to be planted, will
fucceed much better than thofe
brought from a greater Diftance,-
and from a richer Soil.

2. This Ground ought to be frefh,
and not fuch as has been already
worn out by Trees, or other large-
growing Plants; for in ftich Soit
your Stocks will not make any Pro-
erefs.

3. It ought not to be too wet, nor
over-dry, but rather of a middling
Nature: though, of the two Ex-
tremes, dry is to be preferr’d ; be-
caufe infuth Soils (though theTrees
do not make fo great a Progrefs as
in moift, yet) they are generally
founder, and more difpofed to Frait-
fulnefs.

4. Youmuftalfo obferve to inclofe
it, that Cattle and Vermin may not
come in; for thefe will make great
Havock with young Trees, efpeci-
ally in Winter, when the Ground is
cover’d with Snow, that they have
little other Food which they can
come at. Some of the mot mif-
chievous of thefe Animals are Hares

and

= -. > oo s

N U
and Rabbets, which are great De-
itroyers of young Trees at that Sea-
fon, by eating off all their Bark;
therefore you muft carefully guard
your Nurfery againft thefe Ene-

mies. | |
The Ground, being inclofed,
fhould be carefully trenched about
eighteen Inches or two Feet deep,
provided it will allow it: this fhould
be done in Auguff, that it may be

ready to receive young Stocks at

the Seafon for Planting, which is
commonly at the Beginning of Odo-
ber. In trenching of the Ground,
you muft be very careful to cleanfe
it from the Roots of all noxious
Weeds ; fuchas Couch-grafs, Docks,
é¥c. which, if left in the Ground,
will get in among the Roots of the
‘Trees, fo as not to be gotten out af-
terwards; and will fpread, and over-
run the Ground, to the great Pre-
judice of your young Stocks.

_ After having dug the Ground,
and the Seafon being come for
Planting, you muft level down the
‘Trenches as equal as poffible ; and
then lay out the Ground into Quar-
ters, proportionable to the Size
thereof ; and thofe Quarters may be
laid out in Beds, for the fowing of
Seeds, or the Stones of Fruit.

The beft Sort of Stocks forPeaches,
Neétarines, 7c. are fuch as are raifed
from the Stones of the Mufcle and
white Pear-plum ; but you fhould
never plant Suckers of thefe (which
is what fome People practife) ; for
thefe feldom make fo good Stocks,
nor are ever well-rooted Plants : be-
fides, they are very fubject to pro-
duce great Quantities of Suckers
from their Roots, which are very
troublefome in the Borders or Walks
of a Garden, and greatly injure the
Tree; fo that you fhould annually,
or at leaft every other Year, fow a

N U

few Stones of each, that you may
never be at a Lofs for Stocks.

For Pears, you fhould have fuch
Stocks as have been raifed from the
Kernels of the Fruit where Perry
hath been made ; or elfe preferve the
Seeds of fome Sorts of Summer
Pears, which generally fhoot' ftrong
and vigorous, as the Cuiffe Ma-
dame, Windfor, &c. but, when this
is intended, the Fruit fhould be fuf-
fered tohang upon the Trees till they
drop, and afterward permitted to rot;
then take out the Kernels, and put
them in Sand, being careful to keep
them from Vermin, as alfo to place
them where they may not be too
damp, which will caufe them to
grow mouldy. Thefe you fhould
fow for Stocks early in the Spring,
upon a Bed of good frefh light
Earth; where they will come up in
about fix Weeks, and, if kept clear
from Weeds, will be ftrong enough
to tranfplant out the Oober follow-
ing. But for many Sorts of Summer
and Autumn Pears, Quince Stocks
are preferable to Free (z.e. Pear) |
Stocks. Thefe are generally ufed
for all the Sorts of foft-melting —
Pears ; but they are not fo good for
the breaking Pears, being apt to —
render thofe Fruits which are graft- ©
ed upon them ftony. Thefe are'very ©
often propagated from. Suckers, ~

which are generally produced in 7

Plenty from the Roots of old Trees:
but thofe are not near fo good as
fuch as are propagated from Cuttings

or Layers, which have always much — |
better Roots, and are not fo fubject |
to produce Suckers as the other; |

which is a very defirable Quality,
fince thefe Suckers do not only rob
the Trees of Part of their Nourifh-
ment, but are very troublefome ina
Garden. 7 he |

Ay
Ci
é

Apples are grafted or budded up- —
on

a +
NU

6n Stocks raifed from Seeds which
come from the Cyder-prefs, or upon
Crab-ftocks ; the latter of which are
efteemed for their Durablenefs, ef-
pecially for large Standard -trees.
- ‘Thefe fhould be raifed from Seeds,
as the Pear = ftock; and muft be
treated in the fame manner: for
_thofe procured from Suckers, &¢.
_ aré not near fo good ; but for {mall
_ Gardens, the Paradife -ftock hath
‘been for fome Years paft- greatly
efteem’d; it being of very humble
| Growth, caufeth the Fruit - trees
| grafted or budded thereon to bear
very foon, and they may be kept in
fmall Compafs: but thefe are only
popes for very {mall Gardens, or
y way of Curiofity ; fince the Trees
thus raifed are but of fhort Dura-
ition, and feldom atife to any Size
to produce Fruit in Quantities, un-
lefs the Graft or Bud be buried in
‘Planting, fo that they put forth
| Roots ; and then they will be equal
jto Trees grafted upon Free-ftocks,
\fince they receive but {mall Advan-

\tage from the Stock.
| For Cherries, you fhould make

ef the common Black, or the wild
‘Honey-cherry ; both of which are
firong free Growers, and produce
ithe cleaneft Stocks.

For Plums, you may ufe the
Stones of moft free-growing Sorts ;
Which will alfo do very well for
Apricots, thefe being not fo difficult
0 take as Peaches or Nectarines ;
put (as I faid before) thefe fhould
hot be raifed from Suckers, for the
Reafon there affigned, but rather
‘rom Stones.

jommend the Almond-ftock for fe-
feral Sorts of tender Peaches, upon
| hich they will take much better than
pon Plum-ftocks: but thefe being
ender in their Roots, and apt to
Vor. Il. .

lufe of Stocks raifed from the Stones.

There are fome Peffons who re-

NU
fhoot-early in the Spring, and beihg
of fhort Duration, are by many Peo-
ple rejected: but fuch tendér Sorts ©
of Peaches which will not take upon
Plum-ftocks, fhould be buddéd upon
Apricots, upon which they will take
very well; and all Sorts of Peaches
which are planted upon dry Soils,
will continue much longer, and not
be fo fubje& toBlight,if theyate upon
Apricots: for it is obferved, that
upon fuch Soils where Peaches fel-
dom do well, Apricots will thrive
exceedingly ; which may be owing
to the Strength and Compactnefs of
the Veffels in the Apricots, which
render it more capable of affimilate-
ing or drawing its Nourifhment
from the Plum-ttock, which in dry
Soils feldom afford it in great Plenty
to the Bud ; and the Peach-tree, be-
ing ofa loofe {fpongy Natnre, is not
fo capable to draw its Nourifhment
therefrom; which occafions that
Weaknefs which is cémmonly ob-
ferved in thofe Trees when planted
ona dry Soil; therefore it is the
common Practice of the Nurfery-~
gardeners, to bud the Plum-ftocks
either with Apricots, or fome free-
growing Péach; and after thefe
have gtowa a Year, they bud the

tender Sorts of Peaches upon thefe

Shoots ; by which Method many
Sorts fucceed well, which in the
common way will not thrive, or
fearce keep alive ; and thefe the
Gardeners term double - work’d
Peaches. at
Some People of late have bud-
ded and grafted Cherries uponStccks
of Cornz/2, and others the Morellas
Cherry, which, -they fay, will ren-
der the Trees more fruitful, and lefs
luxuriant in Growth, fo that they
may be kept in lefs Compafs ; thefe
Stocks having the fame Effect upon
Chetries, as the Paradife-ftock hath
on Apples.
Ppp

Having

~

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_ Having provided yourfelf with
young Stocks of all thefe different
Sorts, which fhould be raifed in the
Seminary the preceding Year, you
fhould proceed to tranfplanting of
them in Oober (as before directed)
into the Nurfery. The Diftance at
which they fhould be planted, if de-
figned for Standards, fhould be three
Feet and an half, or four Feet, Row
from Row, and a Foot and an half
diftant in the Rows; but if for
Dwarfs, three Feet Row from Row,
and one Foot in the Rows, will be
a fufficient Diftance.

In taking thefe Stocks out of the
Seed-beds, you muft raife the Ground
with a Spade, in order to preferve
the Roots as intire as poffible ; then
with your Knife you fhould prune
off all the very {mall Fibres ; and if
there are any which havea Tend-
ency to root down-right, fuch Roots
fhould be fhortened: then having
thus prepared the Plants, you fhould
draw a Line acrofs the Ground in-
tended to be planted, and with your
Spade open a Trench thereby ex-
actly ftrait, into which you fhould
place them at the Diftance before-
mention’d, fetting them exaétly up-
right; and then put the Earth in
clofe to them, filling up the Trench,
and with your Foot prefs the Earth
gently to the Roots of them; ob-
ferving not to difplace them {o as to
make the Rows crooked, which will
render them unfightly. Thefe Plants
fhould by no means be headed, or
pruned at Top, which will weaken
them, and caufe them to produce
lateral Branches, and thereby {poil
them. ~

If the Winter fhould prove very
cold, it will be of great Service to
your young: Stocks, to lay fome
Mulch upon .the Surface of the
Ground near their Roots, which will
prevent the Frof from. penetrating

WN U

the Ground fo as to hurt the tender
Fibres which were produced after
planting : but you fhould be careful
not to let it lie too thick near the
Stems of the Plants, nor remain too
long, left the Moifture fhould be pre-
vented from penetrating to the
Roots of the Plants ; which it often
does, where there is not due Care
taken to remove it away as foon as
the Froft is over.

In the Summer-feafon, you muft
always obferve to hoe and deftroy
the Weeds ; which, if permitted to
remain in the Nurfery, will greatly
weaken and retard the Growth of
your Stocks: and, the fucceeding —
Years, you fhould obferve to dig up”
the Ground every Spring .between
the Rows ; which will loofen it fo,
as that the Fibres may eafily ftrike
outon each Side, and the Weeds
will be thereby deftroyed : you
fhould alfo obferve, where any of
the Stocks have fhot out lateral”
Branches, to prune them off, that~
they may be encouraged to grow up-
right and {mooth. P|

The fecond Year after planting,
fuch of the Stocks as are defignedl
for Dwarf-trees, will be fit to bud ;_
but thofe which are defigned for
Standards, fhould be fuffer’d to ron
five or fix Feet high before they aré
budded or grafted. ‘The manner
Budding and Grafting being fully
defcribed under their refpedctiv q
Heads, I fhall not repeat them in
this Place ; nor need I| fay any
thing more.of treating thefe Trees —
after budding, that being alfo treated |
of under the feveral Articles of
Fruits: I thall only add, that thofe |
Stocks which were budded in the
Summer, and have failed, may be |.
grafted ‘the following Spring ; but
Peaches and Neétarines never take
well from Grafts ; thefe fhould
therefore be always budded. rz,

The

(

‘a

NU

The Ground you intend for the
lower-nurfery, fhould be well fitu-
ated to the Sun ; but defended from
ftrong Winds by Plantations of
Trees, or Buildings ; and the Soil
fhould be light and dry, which muft
always be obferved, efpecially for
bulbous-rooted Flowers, which are
defigned to be planted therein: the
Particulars of which are exhibited:
under the feveral Articles of Flow-
ers.
In this Nurfery fhould be planted
_ the Off-fets of all your bulbous-
rooted Flowers, where they are to
remain until they become blowing
Roots ; when they fhould be re-
moved into thePleafure-garden, and
planted either in Beds or Borders,
according to the Goodnefs of the
Flowers, or the Management which
they require.

You may alfo, in this Ground,
raife the feveral Sorts of bulbous-
rooted Flowers from Seed, by which
/ means new Varieties may be obtain-
| ed; but moft People are difcouraged
from fetting about this Work, from
| the Length of Time before the
| Seedlings will come to flower: how-
| ever, after a Perfon hath once begun,
/and conftantly continued fowing
/every Year, after the Parcel firtt
\fown has flower'd, the regular Suc-
) ceflion of ‘them coming annually to
flower, will not render this Method
fo tedious as it at firft appear’d.
| The feedling Auricula’s, Polyan-
thus’s, Ranunculus’s, Anemoniés,
(Carnations, &7. fhould be raifed in
this Nurfery, where they fhould be
referved until they have flower’d ;
when you fhould mark al! fuch as
ate worthy of being tranfplanted

into the Flower - garden ; which

vefe feedling Flowers expofed to
vablic View in the Plower-garden ;

NY
becaufe it always happens, that thete
are great Numbers of ordinary
Flowers produced amongft them,
which will make but an indifferent
Appearance in the Pleafure- garden.

NUX AVELLANA. Fide Co-:°

rylus,
NUX JUGLANS. Vide Ju-
glans.
NUX VESICARIA. Vide Sta-
phylodendron.
NYMPH ZA, The Water-lily.
The Charaéers are ;

_ The Flower confifts of feveral

Leaves, which expand in form of a
Rofe: out of the Flower-cup arifes
the Pointal, which afterward becomes
an almoft globtlar Fruit confifting of
many Cells fill’d with Seeds, which
are for the inoft part oblong.

The Species are;

i. Nympuaa alba major. C. B.
P. ‘The great white Water-lily. —

2. Nympu@a Jatea ‘major. C.
B. P. The great yellow Water-
lily.

*. Nymtuwa lutea minor, flove
fimbriato. F.B. The leffer yellow

Water-lily, with a fringed Flow-
er.
‘There are fome other Species of
this Plant, all of which are Natives
of deep-ftanding Waters, and there-
fore not to be cultivated in any other
Places.

The bef&{ Method to propagate
thefe Plants is, to procure fome of
their Seed-veffels jufl as they are
ripe, and ready to open: thefe
fhould be thrown inro Canals, or
large Ditches ef ftanding Water,
where the Seeds will fink to the
Bottom » and the foilowing Spring
the Plants will appear floating upon
the Surface of the Water, and in
Funeand Fuly will produce their
beautiful large Flowers. When they
are once fix’d to the Place, they will
multiply exceedingly, fo as to cover

Pppz the

2

ea oc
the whole Surface of the Water in
a few Years. .

In fome {mall Gardens I have feen
thefe Plants cultivated in large
Troughs of Water, where they have
flourifh’d very well, and have annu-
ally produced great Quantities . of
Flowers: but as the Expence of
thefe Troughs is pretty great (their
Infides requiring to be lined with

Lead, to preferve them), fo there

are few People who care to be at
~ that. Charge. |

Eek Pkke ye hye
OA
AK, Vide Quercus.

OBELISCOTHECA. Vide Rud-
beckia. .

OCHRUS, Winged Pea.

The Chara@ers are ;

li kath a papilionaceous Flower,
out of whofe Empalemeni rifes the
Pointal, which afterward becomes a
Pod, for the mofi part round and cy-
lindrical, filled with roundifb-Seeds :
to thefe Notes muft be added, That the
Leaves are fometimes fimple, and fome-
times conjugated, ending in Ten-
arils.

The Species are ;

1. Ocurus folio integro, capreolos
emittente, femine fubluteo. C. B. P.
Ochrus or winged Pea, with an in-
tire Leaf, fending forth Tendrils,
and a yellowith Seed.

2. Ocurus folio integro, capreolas

— emittente, femine pullo. C.B.P.Ochrus
or winged Pea, with an intire Leaf.
fending forth ‘Tendrils, aiid a brown
Seed. - |

3. Ocurus folio integra, capreolos
emittente, femine atro. C. B. P.
Ocbrus or winged Pea, with an in-
tire Leaf, fending forth Tendrils,
and @ black Seed.

OC
4. Ocurus folio divifo in capres-
los abeunte. Inft. R. H. Ochrusor
winged Pea, with a divided Leaf
ending in Tendrils.
5. Ocurus Americanus tomento[us,
Jroribus luteis. Plum. Woolly Ochrus
or winged Pea of Amerxa, with yel-.
low Flowers.
The three firft Sorts are accidental
Varieties, which differ in the Colour
of their Flowers and Seeds; but in
every other refpeét are the fame, fo —
that they may be deemed only femi-
nal Variations. They are annual —
Plants, which muft be fown in the —
Spring of the Year, onan open Bor- —
der or Bed of light freth Earth; al- —
lowing the fame Diftance, as is ufual —
for the middle Sort of Peas. The ©
better Way is to fow them in Drills, /
about two Feet afunder ; and whem
the Plants are come up, the Earth ~
Should be drawn to them, in the 7
fame manner as is practifed for Peas= _
and when the Plants begin to rife in”
Height, there fhould be fome Sticks: ©
put down by them, to which they
will faften their Tendrils, whereby
they will be fupported from trailing
on the Ground; for want of which,”
in bad Seafons, they do not ripem
their Seeds kindly. The Ground
between the Rows fhould always be”
kept clean from Weeds, which, if
permitted to grow, will foon Over=
bear the Plants, and deftroy thems
About the Middle of ‘Fuze thePlants’ |
will flower, and their Seeds will ri- |
pen the Beginning of Augu/t. if
Thefe Plants grow wild in Lom-
bardy, and in fome Parts of Spam;
but in England they are preferved |

are curious in Botany, for, the fake
of Variety. The Seeds of thele |‘
have been eaten in times when there
has been a Scarcity of other’ Provis
fion, by the poor Inhabitants where

they naturally grow ; but i re

OCA
bitter, and hard of Digeftion, and
do not afford good Nourifhment.

The fourth Sort was difcovered
by Dr. Tournefort in the Levant,
from whence he fent the Seed to
the Royal Garden at Pars, where it
flourifhed, and has fince been diftri-
buted to feveral Perfons who. are
curious in colleéting of Plants. This
is as hardy as the common Sort; fo
| may be fown and treated after the
fame manner.

The fifth Sort was difcovered by
‘Father Plumier in America, and fince
by the late Dr. William Houftoun at
Campechy. , The Seeds of this Sort
muft be fown on an Hot-bed early
in the Spring ;and when the Plants
come up, they fhould be tranfplant-
ed each inte a feparate Pot, and
plunged into a moderate Hot-bed ,
where they fhould have a large
Share of free Airin warm Weather,
and mutt be frequently refrefh’d with
| Water. About the Beginning of
| Fuly thefe Plants will flower, and
_ their Seeds will ripen in Autumn.
| OCULUS CHRISTI. Vide Hor-
| minum fylveftre.

OCYMOUM, Bafil.

The Chara&ers are ;
| Itbhath a labiated Flower, confjft-
| ang of one Leaf, whofe Creft (or Up-
| per-lip) is upright, roundi/b, notched,
| and larger than the Beard (or Low-
er lip), which is generally curled, or
| gently cut: out of the Pleuierseup,
arifes the Pointal, attended by four
| Embryoes, which afterward become
| fo many Sceds inclofed in an Hufk,
which was before the Flower-cup :
this Hu/k is divided into tava Lips ;
| the upper one growing upright, and is
. [plit into two; but the under one is
| cut into feveral Parts.

The Sp cies are;
. Ocrmum valgatius, C. 3B. P.

0c

2. Ocymum-vulzatius, foliis ex
nigro virefcentibus, fore albo.H.R.P.
Common Bafil, with dark - green
Leaves, and white Flowers.

is Ocymum minus anguftifolium,
Solits ferratis. C. B.P. Leffler Ba-
fil, with narrow ferrated Leaves.

4. OcymMuM minus auguftifolium,
foliis bullatis H. R. P: Leffler
narrow - leav’d Bafil,
Leaves.

5. Ocymum minimum. C. B. P.

The leat Bafil, commonly called
.

Buth-bafil.

6. Ocymum minimum, foliis ex
purpura nigricantibus. H.R. P.The
Jeait Bafil, with dark-purpleLeaves.

Ta Ocxmum citri odore. C.B. P.
Bafil with a Citron-fcent.

8. Ocymum Jatifolium macula»
tum vel cri/pum. C. B. P, Broad-
leav’d Bafil, with curled {potted
Leaves.

g. Ocymum foliorum fimbriis ad
endiviam accedcntibus, maximum. HL.
The. greateit Bafil, with Leaves
fringed like Endive.

10. Ocymum foliis ‘Kniriots
wiridibus. C. B. P. Bafil with
fringed green Leaves.

11. Ocymum — caryophyllatum
maximum. C. B. P. The greateft
Bafil, fmelling like Cloves.

12. Ocymum anifi odore. C.B.P. -

Bafil {melling like Anife.

13. OcyMum minus angu/ftifoli-
um, foliis ferratis. C. B. P. The
fmaller narrow -leav'd Bafil, with
fawed Leaves.

14. Ocymum sricolor.
Per. Three-coloured Bafil.

15. OcYMUM xigrum majus, acu-
to rute odore..H. L. Greater
black Bafil, with the quick Smell of
Rue.

2h,

16. Ocymum Campechianum cdo-

ratiffimum. Hou. The moi {weet-
{melling Bafil of Campechy.
Ppe3 |

with warted_

17. Ocy,

Sue ae

OC

17. Ocrmum Zeylanicum perin~
ne frutefcens, folio calaminthe nonni-
hil fimilt. Boerh. Ind, Alt. Shrub-
by perennial Bafil of Cey/on, with a
Leaf not unlike Calamint.

Thefe Plants, being annual, are
propagated from Seeds, which fhould
be fown in March, upon a moderate
Hot-bed : and when the Plants are
come up, they fhould be tranfplant-
ed into another moderate Hot-bed,
obferving to water and fhade them
until they.have taken Root; after
which. they fhould have plenty of
Air i in mild Weather, otherwife they
will draw up very weak : you muft
alfo water them frequently, for
they love Moifture. In May they
fhould be taken up with a Ball of
Earth to their Roots, and tranfplant-
ed either into Pots or Borders, ob-
ferving to fhadé them until they
have taken Root; after which they
will require no farther Care, but to
clear them from Weeds, and refrefh
them with Water in dry Weather.
Though thefe Plants are only pro-
pagated from Seeds, yet, if you have
any particular Sort which may arife
from Seeds, which you are defirous
to increafe, you may take off Cut-
tings any time in May, and plant
them.on a moderatcHot-bed,obferv-
ing to water and fhade them for
about ten Days; in which time they
will take Root, and in three Weeks
time will be fit to remove either in-
to Pots or Borders, with the feedling
Plants. In Augu/ thefe Plants will
perfe&t their Seeds ; when thofe
Sorts which appear the moft difting,
fhould have their Seeds preferved
feparate, for fow: ng the following
Spring

The firft is what the College of
Phyficians have prefcribed for medi-
cinalUfe; and this alfo is ufed in the
Kitchen ; but the fifth Sort is’ moft
eteemed for its Beauty and Scent,

OC

by thofe who cultivate them to adorn
their Gardens.

The Seeds of thefe Plants are
ufually brought from the South of
France or Italy, every Spring 5 be-
caufe they feldom ripen their Seeds
in this Country, in the open Air.
But whoever is curious to preferve
the Seeds of any of the Varieties,
fhould place them into an airy Glafs-
cafe or Stove, in the Autumn, when
the Weather begins to be cold or
wet ; and by fupplying them with
Water, and letting them have free
Air every Day in mild Weather,
they will perfect their Seeds very
well in this Country.

The fixteenth Sort is more tender
than any of the other. This was
difcovered growing wild at Campe-
chy, by the late Dr. William Hou/-
toun, who fent the Seeds to Exgland.
This fhould be fown’on an Hot-bed
early in the Spring ; and when the
Plants are come up, they fhould be»
tranfplanted on another very tempe-
rate Hot-bed, to bring them for-
ward; and when they have obtain-
ed Strength, they fhould be each
tranfplanted into a feparate Pot, and
placed either in the Stove, or ona
moderate Hot-bed, where they may
have a large Share of Air in warm
Weather ; but by being fheltered
from the Cold and Wet, the Plants
will perfe& their Seeds very well in
England.

The feventeenth Sort grows to be
fhrubby, and, if placed in a moderate
Warmth in Winter, may be pre-
ferved two or three Years; but this
will ripen its Seeds the firft Year, if.
the Plants are brought forward in
the Spring: bat if this fhould. fail,
the Plants may be placed in the
Stove, where they may be kept
through the Winter ; and the follow-
ing Seafon they will perfe& their
Seeds, In the Summer the Plants

i fhould

OE
fhrould be placed in the open Air, in

a fhelter’d Situation ; and in warm
Weather they fhould have plenty of
Water.

OENANTHE, Water Drop-
wort.

The Charaers are ;

It is an umbellifcrous Plant, whofe
Flower confifis of many heart-Joap'd
Leaves, which expand in form of a
Rofe: the Ovary is fix’d to the Top
of the Empalement, which turns toa
Fruit compos'd of two oblong Seeds,
that are gibbous, and ftreak’d on one
Side, and plain on the other 3 ending,
as it were, in fome Prickles, the mia-
dlemoft of which is ftronger than the
ref.

The Species are 5
‘a. OEnantue cicute facie Lo-
belli. Park. Theat. Hemlock Drop-
wort,

z. OENantTue aquatica, C.B.P.
Water Dropwort.

- There are feveral other Species
of this Plant, fome of which are
Natives of England ; but as they are
not ufeful, nor of any Beauty, I fhall
Gmit enumerating them in this
Place.

The firft of thofe here mention’d
is very commen by the Sides of the
Thames on each Side London, as alfo
by the Sides of large Ditches and
Rivers in divers Parts of England:
this Plant commonly grows four or
five Feet high with ftrong-jointed
Stalks ; which, being broken, emit
a yellowith fetid Juice: the Leaves
are fomewhat like thofe of the com-
mon Hemlock, but are of a lighter-
green Colour : the Roots divide into
four or five large taper ones, which,
when feparated, have fome Refem-
blance to Parfneps ; for which fome
ignorant Perfons have taken and
boil’d them, whereby themfelves and
Family have been poifon’d.

OL
The poifonous Quality of this
Plant hath led fome Perfons to be-

lieve it isthe Cicuta of the Antients: |

but, according to Wepfer, the Sixm
alterum olufatri facie of Lobel is what
the Antients call’d Cicuta ; as may
be feen at larger in Wepfer’s Book
De Cicuta.

The fecond Sort is very common
in moift Soils, and by the Sides of
Rivers, in divers Parts of England :
this is not fuppos’d to be near fo
ftrong as the firft, but is of a poifon-
ous Quality.

All the Sorts of thefe Plants natu-
rally grow in moift Places; fo that
whoever hath a mind to cultivate
them, fhould fow their Seeds foon
after they are ripe in Autumn, upon
a moiit Soil ; where they will come
up, and thrive exceedingly the fol-
lowing Summer, and require no
farther Care but to clear them from
Weeds.

OLDENLANDIA.

The CharaGers are ;

It hath a rofe-foaped Flower, con-
fifiing of one Leaf, which 7s divided
into four Parts almoft to the Bottom,
and refis on the Empalement : which
Empalement afterward becomes an
almoft globular Fruit, baving tavo
Cells, which contain many mall
Seeds.

We have but one Species of this
Plant ; which is,

Oxtpentanpia humilis hyffopifo-
lia. Plum. Now. Gen. Dwarf Ole
denlandia, with an Hyffop-leaf.

This+Plant was difcovered in
America by Father Plumier, wha
gave this Name to it in Honour to
Henry Bernard Oldenland, a German,
who was a Difciple of Dr. Herman at
Leyden, and was a very curious Bota-
nift.

The Seeds of this Plant were fent
into England by Mr. Robert Millar,

PpP4 wha

A ; ae Das “

an

GO. -".
who gathered them in Jamaica. It
is 3 low annual Piant, which feldom
rifes above three or four Inches high,
and. divides into many Branches,
which {pread near the Ground. Thefe
Branches are furnifhed with long
narrow Leaves, which are placed by
Pairs oppofite to each other. From
the Wings of the Leaves arifes the
Flower-flalk, which grows about an
Inch, or a little more, in Length,
and divides into three or faur fmal-
ler Footftalks : on the Top of each
of thefe, ftands one fmall white
Flower.

The Seeds of this Plant fhould be
fown early in the Spring, on anHot-
bed ; and when the Plants are come
up, they fhould be tranfplanted on
another Hot-bed, or into {mall Pots,
and plunged into a moderate Hot-bed
of Tanners Bark, obferving to water
and fhade them untilthey have taken
Root ; after which time, they muf

have a large Share of free Air in

warm Weather, and muft be fre-
quently refrefhed with Water. With
this Management the’ Plants will
flower in ‘fuze, and their Seeds will
ripen foon after; fo that the Seeds
muft be gathered from time to time
as they ripen; for as the Branches
prow larger, fo there will be freth

lowers produced until Autumn,
when the Plants will perifh: but if
the Seeds are permitted to fcatter in

_the Pots, the Plants will foon appear;

which will live through the Winter,
provided they are placed in the
Stove; fo will flower early-the fol-
lowing Spring.

OLEA, The Olive,

‘The Chara&ers are;

Tie Leaves are, for the maf part,
eblong and ever-green: the Flower
confijis of one Leaf; the loewer Part
of which is hollourd, but the upper
Part is diwidedinto four Parts: the
Peary, wiica is fix'd in the Centre of

OL

the Flower-cup, becomes an oval, fof,
pulpy Fruit, abounding with a fat

Liquor, inclofing an» hard rough

Stowe.”
The Species are ;
1. Oxza fativa, C. B. P. The
manur’d Olive.

2. OrEA Africana, folio longo . 4

lato, fupra atre-viridi fplendente,
infra pallide wviridi. Boerh. Ind.
African Olive, with a broad long
‘Leaf, of a fhining dark-green Co-
lour on the Upper-fide, but of a pa-
ler Green underneath.

3. Orea Africana, folio buxi
crafjo atro viridi lucida, cortice albo
Scabro. Boerh. Ind. The African
box-leav’d Olive.

4. Ovea minor Lucenfis, frudlu
odorato. Tourn. The Luca Olive.

5. Ores fru&u majori, carne craf-
fa. Tourn. Olive with a large Fruit,
having a thicker Pulp. |

Thefe five Sorts are preferv'd in” —

the Gardens of the Curidus, where
they are planted either in Pots or
Cafes, and remov'd into the Green-
houfe in the Winters with Oranges,
Myrtles, &c. but they are moft of

them hardy enough to endure the a

Cold of our ordinary Winters ithe
open Air, provided they are planted
upon a dry Soil, and in a warmSi- ~
tuation ; though in fevere Winters
they are often demolifh’d, or at leaft
lofe their Heads, or are kill’'d to the
Surface ; but this is what they are
liable to in the South Parts of Ff: ance,

in which Country thefe Trees a-

bound ; and yet invery fharp Win-
ters are moft of them dettroy’d.
‘There was a Parcel of thefe Trees
growing in the Gardens of Cammden-
houfe, near Kenfington, a few Years
fince, which were feven or eight

Feet high; and in fome good Seafons, e

produced very good Fruit ? thefe
were planted againft a South Wall;
but were permitted to grow up rude

without

a.
without pruning, or faftening to the
Wall (which they do by no means
care for) ; and during the time they
were below the Top of the Wall,
they throve very well; but aftey
their Heads were gotten above the
Wail, the North Winds did ufually
greatly prejudice them every Win-
ter ; and I believe the hard Winter
L1739.] did intirely demolifh them.
- Theie Plants may be propagated
by laying down their tender Branches
(in the manner practis’d for other
Trees), which fhould remain un-
difturb’d two Years ; in which time
they will have taken Root, and may
then be taken off from the old Plants,
and traniplanted either into Pots fill-
ed with frefh light Earth, or into
the open Ground in a warm Situa-
tion. ‘The beft Seafon for tranfplant-
ing them is the Beginning of dpril;
when you fhould, if poffible, take
the Opportunity of a moift Seafon ;
and thofe which are planted in Pots,
fhould be placed in a fhady Part of
theGreen-houfe until theyhave taken
Root ; but thofe planted in the
Ground fhould have Mulch laid
about their Roots, to prevent the
Earth from drying too fait, and now-
and-then refrefh’d with Water; but
you muft by no means let them have
too much Moifture, which will rot
the tender Fibres of their Roots, and
deftroy the Trees. When the Plants
have taken frefh Root, thofe in the
Pots may be expos’d to the open
_ Air, with other hardy Exotics ; with
_ which they fhould be hous’ in Win-
ter, and treated as Myrtles, and
_ other lefs tender Trees and Shrubs ;
but thofe in the open Air will require
no farther Care until the Winter fol-
_ lowing, when you fhould mulch the
Ground about their Roots, to pre-
vent the Froft from penetrating deep
into it : and if it fhould prove
_ yery fevere, you fhould cover them

=

OL)
with Mats, which will defend them
from being injur’d thereby ; but you

muft be cautious ndt to let the Mats ©
continue over them after the Froft is _

paft, left by keeping them too clofe,
their Leaves and tender Branches
fhould grow mouldy for want of free
Air, which will be of as bad Confe-
quence to the Trees, as if they had

been expos’d to the Froft, andmany _

times worfe ; for it feldom happens,
if they have taken much of this,
Mould, or have been long cover'd,

{fo that it has enter’d the Bark, that -

they are ever recoverable again ;
whereas it often happens, that the
Frolt only deftroys the tender Shoots;
but theBody, and largerBranches, re-
maining unhurt, put out again the
{ucceeding Spring, : |
Thefe Trees are generally brough
over from Italy every Spring, by the
Perfons who bring over the Oranges,
Jafmines, Gc. from whom they may

be procur’d pretty reafonable; which. —

is a better Method than to raife them
from Layers in this Country, that
being too tedious; and thofe which
are thus brought over, have many
times very large Stems, to which
Size young Plants in this Country
would not arrive in ten or twelve
Years Growth. When you firft pro-
cure thefe Stems, you fhould (after
having foak’d their Roots twenty-
four Hours in Water, and clean’d
them from the Filth they have con-
tracted in their Paflage) plant them
in Pots fill’d with frefh light fandy
Earth, and plunge them inte a mo-
derate Hot-bed ; obferving to fcreen
them from the Violence of the Sun
in the Heat of the Day, and alfo to
refrefh them with Water, as you
fhall find the Earth in-the Pots dry.
In this Situation they will begin to
fhoot ina Month or fix Weeks af-
ter ; when you fhould let them have
Air in proportion to the Warmth of

the

~ = 3
s as 4
: eae ; h ;
a ee ee ee a a | ee 3 ee

om

ele Seafon : and after they have made
pretty good Shoots, you fhould en-
ure them to the open Air by degrees;
mto which they fhould be removed,
placing them in a Situation where
they may be defended from {trong
Winds: in this Place they fhould
remain till Oober following ; when
they muft be removed into the
Green-houfe, as was before directed.
Having thus managed thefe Plants
until they have aequir’d {trong
Roots, and made tolerable good
Heads, you may draw them out of
the Pots, preferving the Earth to
their Roots, and plant them in the
open Air in a warm Situation, where
you muft manage them as was before
dire€ted for the young ones; and thefe
will in two or three Years produce
Fruit, provided they do well. The
Luca and Box-leav’d Olives are the
hardieft; for which Reafon they
fhould be preferr’d to plant in the
open Air ; but the firft Sort will grow
te be the largeft Trees.

‘OMPHALODES, Venus Navel-
wort.

he Charaers are;

The Flower confifts of one Leaf,
avhich expands in a circular Order,
and is cut into feveral Segments: the
Pointal, which rifes in the Middle of
the Flower, becomes a Fruit, compos'd
of four hollow umbilicated Capfules,

femewhat refembling a Bafeet; in
each of which is contained one almoft
frat Seed adbering to the Placenta,
nvbich is pyramidal and four-corner-
ed.
The Species are;

1. OMmpHatopes Lufitanica, ‘lint
Solio. Tourn, Venus Navelwort, vul-
Pe
; ° 2. OmpnanovEs Luftanica ela-
tior, cynogloffs folio. Tourn. Taller
Portugal Navelwort, with an
Hound’s - tongue - leaf.

5

OM
3. OmpPHALopves pumila werna,
Svmphyti folio. Tourn. Low vernal
Venus Navelwort, with a Comfry-
leaf, or Leffler Borage. |

The firft of thefe Plants hath
been a long time in the Englifh
Gardens. The Seeds of this Kind
are fold in the London Shops, as a
Dwarf annual Flower, to be us’d
for Edgings ; for which Purpofe it
is by no means proper; for it often
happens, that not a tenth Part of the
Seeds grow, tho’ they were faved
with all poffible Care; fo that the
Plants will be very thin, and in
Patches ; but, however, it isa pretty
Ornament to the Borders of the
Pieafure-garden, iffownin Patches,
as hath been directed for the Dwarf
Lychnis, and other annual Plants of
the fame Ground; amongft which
this Plant makes a pretty Variety.
The Seeds of it fhould be fown in
Autumn, foon after they are’ ripe ;
at which Seafon they will come up
very well ; whereas thofe fown in
the Spring feldom fucceed : and the
Plants will abide the Cold of our or-
dinary Winters, and will flower ear-
ly the fucceeding Spring, from
which Plants you will have good
Seeds in Fuly; but thofe fown in the »
Spring very often fail of ripening
Seeds.

The fecond Sort is only in fome
curious Botanic Gardens ac prefent,
tho’ it is equally as hardy as the firft,
and muft be treated in the fame
manner. This grows taller, and
hath broader Leaves, than the firft,
in which refpects the only Difference
between them confifts, © ee

The third Sort is an abiding Plant,
and multiplies very faft by its trail-
ing Branches, which take Root at —
their Joints as they lie upon ther ~
Ground, and may be taken off, and
tranfplanted to make new Plants.

. Thefe

ON

Thefe require a moift Soil, and a
fhady Situation, where they will
thrive exceedingly, and. produce
great Quantities of pretty blue

lowers early in the Spring, for
which it is chiefly valued.

ONAGRA, Tree-primrofe, wu/-

Oe.
The Charaéers are;

Lt hath a Rofe- flower, confifting
generally of four Leaves, placed orbi-
cularly, and refting on the Empale-
ment ; out of whofe Upper-part, which
is fifiulous, rifes the Pointal, the Un-
der-part turning toa Fruit which is
cylindrical,, gaping in four Parts,
and divided into four Cells, filled
with Seeds, which are generally cer.
nered, and adhere to the Placenta.

The Species are;

1. Onacra latifolia. Inf. R. H,
Broad-leav’d Tree-primrofe.
| 2. Onacra latifolia, flore dila-
) tiore. Inf. R. H. Broad-leav’d Tree-
| primrofe, with paler- yellow Flow-
| ers,

3. Onacra latifolia, froribus am-
| plis. Inf. R. H.. Broad-leav’d Tree-
| primrofe, with ample Flowers.
4.Onacra anguftifolia. Inft. R.
| H. Narrow-leav’d Tree-primrofe.
| 5. Onacra anguftifolia, caule ru-
bro, flore minori. Inft. R. H. Nar-
| row-leav’d Tree-primrofe, with. red
| Stalks, and a fmaller Flower.

| 6. Onacra Americana, folio be-
\tonice, frudu hifpido. Plum. Cat,
| American Tree-primrofe, with a Be-
| tony-leaf, and a prickly Fruit.

| 7. Onacra daurifolia, fore amplo
\pentapetalo. Feuillée. Bay - leav’d
Att hwnd ga with a large five-
|

leav’d Flower.

8. Onacra hAyffopifolia, flore am-
blo violaceo. Feuillée. Wy fiop-leav'd
Tree-primrofe, with a large violet-
colour’d Flower.

g. Oxnacra finarie folio, magno
fore purpurgo. Feurllée. Tree-prim~-

ON

rofe with a Toad - flax -leaf, and a.

large purple Flower.

10. Onacra falicis augufto denta-
togue folio, vulgo Mithon. Feuillée
Tree-primrofe with narrow indented

Willow - leaves, commonly called

Mithon.

The firft Sort is very common in
moft Exgli/ Gardens, where, when
it has been fuffered to fcatter its
Seeds, it will come up and flourifh
without any Care; and many times’
becomes a troublefome Weed : this
will thrive in the Smoke of London;
fo that it isa very proper Plant to
adorn the City Gardens; for it con-
tinues in Flower from the Beginning
of Fune until Augu? ; and fometimes
in cold Seafons till near Michaelmas.
The Flowers of this Plant-do not
open in the Middle of the Day,
when the Weather is warm ; but in
the Evening, after the Sun is gone
off, they open, and continue fo un-
til the Sun comes on them the next
Day ; in cloudy Weather the Flow-
ers will continue open all Day, or
when the Plants grow in the Shade.
This Manner of the Flower opening
in the Evening, has occafioned the
Name of Night-primrofe ; by which
fome People call it. The four next-
mentioned are equally hardy, and
will grow in almoft any Soil or Si-
tuation. The Seeds of thefe Plants
may be fown in March, in an open
Situation; and when the Plants
come up, they fhould be kept clean
from Weeds ; and where they come
up too clofe, fome of them fhould:
be pulled up, to allow room for the
others to grow. In this Place the
Plants may remain till Michaelmas,
when they fhould be tranfplanted
where they are to remain for Flow-.
ering. Thefe Plants produce a great
Quantity of Seed, which, if per~
mitted to fcatter, will fufficiently
ftock the Garden with Plants; but

the’

ON

¢he old Plants rarely continue -after
they have feeded.

Tho’ thefe Plants will bear tranf-

planting pretty well, if it be done at
Michaelmas; yet it is the better
Way to fow the Seeds, where the
Plants are defigned to remain for
Flowering ; becaufe they generally
have a downright Root, which is
often cut or broken by tranfplanting;
and then the Plants never thrive fo
- well, nor continue fo long in Flower,
as thofe which remain undilturbed.
‘ ‘The other fix Sorts are more ten-
der: thefe fhould be raifed on an
Hot-bed, and managed as hath been
dire&ed for the Amaranthus: by
which Method good Seeds may be
obtained, and the Kinds preferved.

The feventh Sort was found in
the Plains of Lima, by Father Feu-
iljée : this Sort was alfo found near
Panama by Mr. Robert Millar, Sur-
geon, who fent the Seeds to England.
"The eighth and eleventh Sorts were
found by Father Feuil/ée in Chily:
the tenth Sort he found by the Ri-
ver of Plate. ‘This grows about a
Foot high, and produces large pur-
ple Flowers. The eighth Sort
grows taller, and produces large vio-
let-colour’d Flowers, which renders
them more valuable than the other
Sorts.

ONIONS. Vide Cepa.

ONOBRYCHIS, Cock’s - head,
or Saint - foin.

The CharaGers are ;

It bath a papilionaceous Flower,
ext of whofe Empalement rifes the
Pointal, which afterward becomes a
erefted Pod, which is fometimes rough,
and full of Seeds, foaped like a Kidney:
to avhich may be added, The Flowers
grow in a thick Spike.

The Species are 5

1, Onosercuis foliis vicie, fru-
Gu ecbinato, major, floribus dilute ru-
bentibus. C. B. P.. Greater Cock’s-

. ,

oy

head, with Vetch-leaves, roughFruit,
and pale-red Flowers.

2. Onosrycuis fokis vicie, fru-
Gu echinato, major, floribus elegan-
ter rubentibus. C. B. P. Greater
Cock’s - head, with Vetch - leaves,

rough Fruit, and beautiful red Flow-

ers,

3. OnoprycHis frudu echinato,
minor. C, B, P. Smaller Cock’s-
head, with rough Fruit, or Medic-
vetchling.

The two firft are Varieties which
only differ in the Colour of their
Flowers, the fame Seeds often pro-
ducing both Sorts, tho’ faved from
one Pjant. As there is alfo another
Variety with a white Flower, which
doth come from the fame Seed, they
may pafs for one Plant.

This is an abiding Plant, which,
if fown upon a dry, gravelly, or
chalky Soil, will continue eighteen
or twenty Years: but if it be fown
upon a deep, light, mot Soil, the
Roots will run down into the
Ground ; and in the Winter-feafon
the Moifture will ret them ; fo that
the Plants feldom lafts above two
Years im fuch Places.

This is efteemed one of the beft
Sorts of Fodder for moft Cattle, and
isa great Improvement to thallow
chalky Hills, upon which it fuc-
ceeds better than in any other Soil,
and will continue many Years; and
the Roots of this Plant, when plow-
ed in, greatly enrich the Ground,

The beft Seafon for fowing of this

Seed is in the Beginning or Middle —

of April, according as the Seafon is
early or late, obferving always to
do it in dry Weather ; otherwife the
Seeds will be apt to burft withMoitt-
ure, and never come up. Thefe
Seeds being large, there will require
a great Quantity to fow an Acre:

the common Allowance for this -

Work is four Buthels ; but I would

»

<p | et ee ee
ON

not advife above three at moft: and
#f this Seed were fown-in Rows, in
the manner direéted for the Medica,
it would be a great Improvement to
the Plants ; for when they have room
enough, they are very fubject to
branch out on every Side, and be-
come very ftrong ; fo that when they
are in Rows, that the Ground be-
tween them can be itirr’d with an
Hoe-plough, it will caufe them to
Shoot much ftronger than when they
grow fo clofe, that there can be no
Culture beftowed on them.

I have taken up Roots of this
kind, where they have grown fingly,
and kept clear from Weeds, whofe
Shoots have fpread near two Feet
wide, and were much ftronger than
thofe which grew nearer together
upon the fame Soil.

There are fome Perfons who re-
commend the fowing Oats or Barley
with this Seed: but that is a very
bad Method ; for what is gain’d from
the Crop of Corn, will be doubly
loft in the Saint-foin: and this ge-
nerally holds true in moft Sorts of
Grafs-feeds; for the Corn, growing
over it, doth fo weaken the Crop be-
neath, that it fcarcely recovers its
Strength.in two Years time after.

The Ground in which this Seed
is fown, fhould be well plowed, and
made very fine : and if you fow it in
Rows, the Drills fhould be made
eighteen Inches afunder, and about

an Inch deep; in which the Seeds.

fhould be fown indifferently thick ;
for if the Plants come up too clofe,
it will be very eafy to hoe them out,
fo as to leave the remaining ones fix
or eight Inches afunder; for the
Ground fhould be hoed, after the
Plants are come up, to deftroy the
Weeds; which, if fuffered to grow,
would foon over bear the young
Plants, and deftroy them ; but when
‘they have obtained Strength, they

ON

will prevent the Weeds from grow-
ing upamongitthem. _ 7

The firft Year after fowing, you
fhould by no means feed-it downs
for the Crown of the Roots being
then young and tender, the Catile
would eat it fo low, as.intirely to
deftroy the Roots; and if large
Cattle were let in upon it, they
would trample it down fo much as
to prevent its fhooting again : there-
fore the firftY ear it fhould be mowed,
which fhould be done when it is in
Flower, being careful to turn it of
ten, that it may the fooner dry, and
be removed ; for while it continues
upon the Ground, it greatly retards
the Roots from fhooting again. —_-

The time when this Crop will be
fit to cut the firft Year, is toward the
Latter-end of Fu/y, or the Beginning
of Augu/?. After thisis clear’d off,
the Roots will {oon fhoot again ; and
by the End of September, provided
the Seafon be favourable, there will
be a fine Crop fit for feeding: at
which time, or foon after, you may
turn in Sheep, which will, in eat-
ing ddwn the Grafs, enrich the
Ground with their Dung, whereby

the Roots will be greatly ftrengthen- ~

ed; but you fhould not fuffer them >

to remain too long upon it, left, as
I before obferved, they fhould eat ig
dawn too low, which would deftrey

the Roots; nor fhould they ever be

fuffered to remain upon it longer
than the middle of March; after
which time it fhould be let grow for

a Crop, which will be fit to cut the

Latter-end of May; and if you do
not feed it, there will be a fecond
Crop by the End of Fuly follow-
ing ; fo that youmay have two Crops
every Year, bedes the Advantage
of-feeding it down in Winter and
Spring : and if you obferve to ftir
the Ground. betwixt the Rows after
every Cuiting, as was directed for

the

C—O ae ee eee

> ~ = ee

OF %
the Medica, it will be of great Ser-
Vice to the Roots, and occafion the
Shoots to be much ftronger than if
wholly neglected, as is the common
Praftice:

This Sort of Hay is excellently
god for Horfes, and is efteemed one
of the beft Sorts of Food for moft
Cattle, efpecially in the Spring,
there being no Danger attending it,
as there is in Clover, and fome other
Sorts of Fodder : it breeds abun-
dance of Milk ; and the Butter that
is made of it is very good.

And altho’ it iscommon in many
Parts of England, yet a few Plants
of the deep-red flower’d Sort, when
difpofed in large Borders of the Plea-
fure-garden, afford an agreeable

‘Variety : the Flowers, which are of
a beautiful red Colour, being col-

le&ted into a long Spike, and con-
tinuing a long time in Beauty, make
a very pretty Mixture amongtft other
Flowers in the Borders of large
Gardens, where there is room ; and
the Roots will abide feveral Years
without renewing, requiring very
little Culture, being extreme hardy,
in refpect to Heat or Cold, provided
they are planted upon a dry Soil.

The third Sort is annual ; nor are
the Flowers fo beautiful as thofe of
the former Sort, for which Reafon
it is feldom cultivated, except in Bo-
tanic Gardens, for Variety. This
may be fown in the Beginning of
April, wpon a frefh light Soil, where
the Plants will come up in May ; and
will require no farther Care but to
clear them from Weeds: the Seeds
will ripen’in Auguf?, when they
fhould be gathered, and preferved
for fowing the fucceeding Spring.

OPHIOGLOSSUM, Adders-
tongue.

The Charaéers are ;

It hath no vifthle Flower; but the

Seeds are produced on a Spike, which

a
vefemble a Serpent's Tongue: which
Seed is contained in many longitudinat
Cells, which open, and caft forth the
Seed when ripe.
The Species are 3
1, OpH10GLossuM wulgaium. C,
B. P. The commoti Adders-tongue,
z. Opit1oGLossuM angulofo folio.
C.B.P. Adders <tongue with an
angular Leaf.

3. OpHioGLossuMm minus, fubra«

‘ tundo folio. C. B. P. Leffer Adders-

tongue, with a roundifh Leaf.

4. Opniociossum ZLilingue ma-
jus, folio acuto. Mentz. Pug. Great-
er Adders - tongue, with a pointed
Leaf, and a double Tongue.

5. OpHioGLossuM Bilingue medi-
um, folio obtufo. Mentz. Pug. Middle
Adders-tongue, with a blunt Leaf,
and a double Tongue.

6. OpHiociossum bilingue mini-«
mum. Mentz. Pug. ‘The leaft Ad-
ders-tongue, with a double Spike or
Tongue,

7. OpxHioGtossum fpalmatum.
Plum. Handed Adders-tongue.

8. OPHIOGLOssUM cordiforme EF
veticulatum. Plum, Heart-fhaped and
netted Adders-tongte.

The firft Sort grows wild in moift
Meadows in feveral Parts of Eng:
land. ‘This is direéted to be ufed ia
Medicine, by the College of Phy-
ficians, in their Difpenfatory; butis ©
feldom to be found in Gardens, be-
ing very difficult to tranfplant ; and
will not live Jong where the Grafs
doth not grow about it. The beit
Method to have it fucceed is, to dig
up the Plants about the Beginning of
April, with large Balls of Earth to
them, being careful to dig fo deep
as to get below their Roots; then
plant thefe with the Turf about
them, in a moift fhady Place, where
they will grow pretty well, and may
continue for fome Years.

The fecond and third Sorts grow

. wild

OP
wild in Germany, and on the #/ps ;
but are not to be found in Exgland.
_ The fourth, fifth, and fixth Sorts
are alfo Varieties which have been
found in fome Parts of Exrope; but
it.is not certain whether they are di-
{tiné& Species, or only Variations from
the common Sort.

Thefe are all as hardy as the com-
~ mon Sort; therefore, whenever they
are found, may be tranfplanted, and
treated in the fame manner.

The feventh and eighth Sorts were
difcovered by Father P/umier in Ame-
rica. 'Thefe grow in moift {wampy
Places in Famaica, and feveral other
Places in the warmer Parts of Ame-
vyica ; but are difficult to remove fo
‘as to have them grow inother Coun-
tries.

OPHRIS, Tway-blade.

The Charafers are ;

it hath a polypetalous anomalous
Flower, confifiing of fix diffimilar
Leaves; of which the five upper

ones are fo difpofed, as to represent,
in fome meafure, an Helmet ; the
under one being headed,and fhaped like

a Man: the Empalement becomes a

Secs" 7uit, perforated with three Windows;

towhich adbereV alves, pregnant with
wery {mall Seeds like Duft.
The Species are ;

1. Opuris bifolia.C. B. P. Com-

mon Tway-blade.
2. Opuris bifolia bulbcfa. C. B.P.
Bulbous-rooted Tway-blade.

~Opureis palufris, radice re-—
5 persts

pente. Inf. R. H. Marth Tway-
blade, with a creeping Root,,

4. Opuris minima. C. B. P. The
leaft Tway-blade.

The firft Sort is pretty common in
moift Meadows, and in fhady moiit
Woods, in divers Parts of England:
it flowers the Latter end of May,
and in the Beginning of Fuze. This
Plant may be traniplanted into Gar-

OP

a Ball of Earth, foon after. the
Leaves decay. Thefe mutt be plané-
ed in a moift fhady Border, where,
if they are not difturbed, they will
remain many Years, and require nb
other Care but to keep them clear
from Weeds,

The fecond Sort doth not grow
wild in England; but is frequently
found in Germany, and onthe A/ps :
this may be tranfplanted and mana-
ged as the former Sort.

The third Sort grows plentifully
in feveral of the Northern Counties
of England; and the fourth Sort
grows in Cambridgefbire, in Hert-
fordhire, and Kent. Thefe two
Sorts delight in cold moift Places;
but are with great Difficulty pre-
ferved in Gardens.

OPULUS, The Gelder Rofe. -

The CharaGers are ;

The Leaves are like thofe of the
Maple-tree : the Flowers confif? of one
Leaf, which expands in a@ circular
Rofe-form, and is divided at the Top
into five Parts: thefe are colle&ed,
Jor the moft part, in form of an Um-
bel ; the large? of which grow on the
Outfide, and are barren: but thofe iz
the Middle are fruitful, producing red
Berries ; in each of which is contain-
ed one flat heart-/baped Seed.

The Species are; ,

1. Oputus Ruelli. Marth Elder,
or Gelder Rofe, with flat Flowers,

z. Oputus flore globofo. Tourn,
The Gelder, or Gelderland Rofe,

3. OpuLus flore glodofo, folio va-
riegato. The Gelder Rofe, with
firiped Leaves.

The firft of thefe Plants is very
common in moilt Woods in divers
Parts of Exgland ; but is feldom cul-
tivated in Gardens ; tho’ if the Sail
be moif, in which this Tree is
planted, it will afford a very agree-
able Profpeé&, both in the Seafon:

dens, if the Roots are taken up with: when it is.in Flower, and alfo in the

\

Autumn,

Autumn, when the Fruit is ripe,
which generally grows in large Clu-
fters,and is of a beautiful red Colour ;
fo that where a Wildernefs or other
Plantation of flowering Trees is de-
figned, and the Ground is moilt, this
and the next are two of the moft pro-
per Trees for fuch Purpofes; thefe
thriving much better, and will pro-
’ duce their Flowers larger, and in
greater Quantities, than when they
-are placed in a dry Situation.
The fecond Sort is very common
_ in old Gardens in moft Parts of Exg-
land: this produces only barren
Flowers, which, being all very large,
are produced in a globular Form ;
fo that, at a Diftance, they refemble
a Snow-ball ; whence the People in
fome Countries give it the Name of
Snow -ball-tree. This Difference
was at firft accidental, as is the Cafe
of all double Flowers, which com-
monly arife from Seeds: and tho’
thefe are not productive of Fruit,
yet, for the fake of their Flow-
ers, they are much more efteemed
than the fingle Sort by the Garden-
er .
cident, occafioned by an Obftruction
of the Juices, as is the Cafe of all
variegated Plants. ‘This is preferved
as a Curiofity by fuch as are Lovers
of ftriped Trees and Piants; but muft
not be planted in a rich Soil, which
would caufe them to grow vigorouf-
ly, whereby they would be in Dan-
ger of becoming plain again.
Allthefe Sorts may be propagated
either from Suckers, or by laying
down their Branches, which will
take Root in.a Year’s time; when
they may be taken off from the old
Plants, and tranfplanted either into
a Nurfery, where they may be train-
ed up for two or three Years, or
plac’d where they may remain for
good. The beft time to remove

8.
The -ftriped Sort is alfo an Ac-

adorn Halls and Chimneys. Their

| <a

thefe Trees is at Michaelmas, as foot
as their Leaves begin to decay, that
they may be well rooted before the
Drought of the next Spring comes
on, which is often deftru€tive to
{uch as have been newly tranfplant-
ed, if they are not catefully attended
with Water.

They are extreme hardy, and will
endure the fevereft Cold of our moft

Northern Situations, and are only

impatient of great Heatand Drought;
fo that they are'very proper to plant
in very cold Soils, and Places which
are greatly expos’d to the North
Winds, where few other Shrubs wil!
thrive fo well. They will grow to '
the Height of twelve or fourteen
Feet, and, if reduced to regular
Heads, are very ornamental during
the Seafon of Flowering: and their
Flowers are very proper to intermix
with Peonies, and other large Flow-
ers, for Bafons and Flower-pots to

oe

Seafon of Flowering is in May, tho’
their Flowers fometimes continue in
Beauty a great Part of June, efpe-
cially if the Weather prove cool and
moift.
OPUNTIA, The Indian Fig.
The Charaders are ; ‘
The Flower confifis of many Leaves;
which expand in form of a Rofe, hav-
ing a great Number of Stamina in the —
Centre, which grow upon the Top of
the Ovary ; the Ovary afterward 4
becomes a flefby umbilicated Fruit,with 4
a foft Pulp, inclofixg manySeeds; which
are, for the moft part, angular.
The Speczes are ;
1. OpuNTIA vulgo Lerbariorurt.
J.B. The common Indian Fig of ©
the Botanifts.

tundo. Tourn. Leaft Indian Fig; with
roundifi Leaves. a
3.Opuntia folio oblongo, media. fe
Tourn, Middle Indian Fig, with an,
oblong —

%

OP
Sblong Leaf, commonly called the
ochineal Fig-tree.
_ 4. Opuntia folio minori, rotun-
diori, & compreffiori. Tourn. Indian
Fig, with a fmaller, rounder, and
flatter Leaf. att

5. Opuntia major, validiffimis
Spinis munita. Tourn. The greater
Indian Fig, armed with very ftrong
Prickles.

6. Opuntia maxima, folio fpino-
J, latiffimoe &F longiffimo. Tourn. The
largeft Indian Fig, with a very broad
and long prickly Leaf. |

7, OpunTiA folio /pinofo, longiffi-
mo, &F angufto. Tourn. Indian Fig,
with a very long narrow prickly
Leaf. hag te

8. Opuntia Jatifolia, craffiori
folio, fpinis albis numerofis armato,
Boerh. Ind. Indian Fig, with a broad
thick Leaf armied with many white
Spines. e :

9. Opuntia Curaffavica minima.
H. Beaum. The {mallet Indian Fig
from Curacoa, cotiimonly called the
Pin-pillow. |

10. Opuntia Americana, arbor
excelfa, foliis reticulatis, flore flave-
| feente. Plum. American Indian Fig,
Which grows to be a tall Tree, with
netted Leaves, and a yellowifh Flow-

i

<6 er.

y tt. OpunTIA felio plano glabro
A @ feolopendriz. Boerh. Ind. Indian Fig,
.,} witha plain fmooth Leas, like Spleen-

} wort. |

) 12. Opuntia maxima, folio ob-
| Longo rotundo majore, fpinilis obtufis
thollibus &F innocentibus obfito, fiore
|friis rubris variegato. Sloan. Cat,
9 The greateft Indian Fig, with greater
joblong roundifh Leaves; and fmall
foft blunt Spines, with a Flower
firiped with Red.

13. Opuntia major fpincfa caule-
feens, fore minore rybro claufo, frucu

aiid prickly Indian Fig, with 2 imaller
Vou. Hf.

parvo coccineo, Houf?. Greater flalky

OP

red Flower, which doth not expard,

and a {mall fcarlet Fruit.
14.OpunTia caulefcens, folits am-

pliffimis tenuibus compreffis, Jpinis lon=

gilfimis, confertiffimis, gracilibus,
albicantibus armatis. Hoff. Stalky
Indian Fig, with large narrow com-
preffed Leaves, which are clofely
armed with very long flender white
Spines. }

The firft of thefe Plants hath been
a long time in Exgland, and is the
moft common Sort in Europe: this
Mr. Ray, atid Dr. Rodinfoa, obferved
growing wild in the Kingdom of
Naples, by the Sides of the High-
ways, on the Sides of the Moun-
tains, and among Rocks in great
abundance ; but in thefe Northern
Parts of Europe it is genérally pre-
ferved in the Green houfes, with
other Exotic Plants; tho’ 1 have
planted it under a warm Wall in a
very dry Soil, where it has continued
for feveral Years, and endured the
fevereft of our Cold withcdut any Co-
ver; and has produced a greater
Quantity of Flowers and Fruit thant
thofe which were houfed: fo that
the Cold is not fo great an Enemy
to this Plant as Wet, which, if fuf-
fered to lie long-upon it, or given in
too large Quantities to the Root, will
deftroy it in a fhort time.

The other Sorts are much tendet-
er, being all of them Natives of the
warm Parts of the #ef- Indies. Thefe
are forme of them fo tendef as notte.
be preferved without the Afitance
of a Stove; efpecially the ninth, tenth,
eleventh,twelfth,thirteenth and four-
teenth Sorts, in any tolerable Degr-e
of Health ; for if they have not fomeé
additional Warmth to the Air of the
Houfe in Winter, their Stems wil?
fhrivel, and look yellowilh and wi-
thered.

The thirteenth Sort grows to be
very large, having thick wood?

QqQy Sicins :

>*

O P

Stems : this grows plentifully on the
Hills, and by the Sides of the Roads,
to the Ifland of Famaica.

The fourteenth Sort was obferved
in greatPlenty near theHead ofKizg/-
ton Harbour in Jamaica, by the late
Dr. Hou/foun ; but he never could fee
either Fruit or Flower on the Plants.
This is by fome Perfons called Ro-
binfon Crufo’s Coat; but for what
Reafon F cannot imagine.

Thefe Plants may all be propaga-
ted by cutting off their Branches at
the Joints, during any of the Sum-
mer-months ; whichshould be laid in

awarm dry Place for a Fortnight,

that the wounded Part may be heal-
ed over, otherwife they will rot with
the Moiltuve which they imbibe at
that Part; as is the Cafe with moft
other fucculent Plants. The Soil in
which thefe Plants muét be planted,
Should be compofed after the follow-
ing manner; wx. One-third of frefh
light Earth from a Pafture; a third
Part Sea-fand; and the other Part
fhould be one half rotten Tan, and
the other half Lime-rubbifh: thefe
fnould be well mixed, and laid in an
Heap three or four Months before it
be ufed, obferving to turn it over
at leaft once a Month, that the fe-
veral Parts may be well united : then
you fhould pafs it thro’ a rough
Screen, jn order to feparate the
largeft Stones and Clods ; but by no
means fife it too fine, which is a
very common Fault: then you
fhould referve fome of the fmaller
Stones and Rubbifh to lay at the
Bottom of the Pots, in order to keep
an open Paffage for the Moifture to
drain of ; which is what muft be ob-
‘feryved for all facculent Plants ; for
#f the Moifture be detained in the
Pots, it will rot their Roots, and de-
troy the Plants.

When you plant any of the
Branches of thefe Plants, you fhould

‘~

O P
plunge the Pots into a moderate
Hot-bed, which will greatly facili-
tate their taking Root: you fhould
alfo refrefh them now-and-then with
a little Water; but be very careful
not to let them have too much, or
be too: often watered, efpecially be-
fore they are rooted. When the

. Plants begin to fheot, you muf give

them a large Share of Air, by raifing,
the Glaffes, otherwife their Shoots.
will draw up fo weak, as not to be
able to fupport themfelves ; and af-
ter they have taken ftrong Root, you
fhould enure them to the Air by de-
grees, and then remove them into’
the Stove where they fhould remain,
placing them near the Glaffes,. which
fhould always be opened in warm
Weather: fo that they may have the
Advantage of a free Air, and yet be
protected from Wet and Cold.
During the Summer - feafon thefe
Plants will require to be often re-
frefhed with Water ; but it muft not
be given to them in large Quantities,
left it rot them; and in Winter this

fhould be proportion’dtotheWarmth

of the Stove ; for if the Air be kepe
very warm, they will require to be
often refrefhed, otherwife their
Branches will fhrink; but if the
Houfe be kept in a moderate De-

gree of Warmth, they fhould have © |
very little ; for Moifture at that Sea= —

fon will rot them very foon.
‘The Heat in which thefe Plants
thrive beft, is the temperate Point,

as mark’d on Botanical Thermome- @
ters ; for if they are kept too warm @
in Winter, it caufes their Shoots to @
be very tender, and thereby very li-
able to Decay, if not duly attended. @
Thofe Sorts which are inclinable to
grow upright, fhould have their 77
sranches dupported - with Stakes; ©
otherwife their Weight is fo great, 7

thet it will break them down...

Thefe Plants are by molt People _ :

;

OR

expofed to the open Air in the Sum-
mer-feafon; but they thrive much
better, if they are continued in the
Stoves, provided the Glaffes be kept
open, fo that they may have free
Air; for when they are fet abroad,
the great Rains which generally fall
in Summer, together with the unfet-
tled Temper of the Air in our Cli-
mate, does greatly diminifh their
Beauty, by retarding their Growth ;
and fometimes in wet Summers they
are fo replete with Moifture as to rot
in the fucceeding Winter; nor will
thofe Plants which are fet abroad (I
mean the tender Sorts) produce their
Flowers and Fruit in fuch Plenty as
thofe which are conftautly preferved
in the Houfe. %

The twelfth Sort is fuppofed to be
the Plant upon which the Cochineal-
Ay breeds : thefe depofit their Eggs
in the Centre of the Flowers, upon
the Crown of the Ovary ; and when
they are hatch’d, the young Infeds
| feed upon the Fruit, which is of a
| deep-red Colour within ; and if eat-
| en by Men, colours their Urine as
redas Blood ; which has often fright-
ened Strangers who have eaten of the
‘Frait, when they have thought it
| was real Blood they voided ; tho’
| no ill Effects attend it.
| The ninth and eleventh Sorts are
lefs common than the others, and
\are rarely feen but in very curious
|Gardens :- thefe are the tendereft of
jthem all, and fhould be placed in a
arm Part of the Stove in Winter ;
but muft have very little Water given.
them at that Seafon; and in Sum-
jer muft always be kept in the
Houfe : for they will not bear the
pen Air in the Heat of Summer,
hich is feldom very regular in this

ountry.

|} ORANGE. Fide Avrantium.
ORCHARD. In planting ofan

Dechard, great Care fhould be had

OR

of the Nature of the Soil, that fuch
Sorts of Fruit as are adapted to grow
upon the Ground intended to be
planted, may be chofen, otherwife
there can be little Hopes of their
fucceeding ; and it is for want of
rightly obferving this Method, that
we fee in many Countries Orchards
planted which never arrive to any
tolerable Degree of Perfection, their
Trees ftarving ; and their‘ Bodies are
either covered with Mofs, or the
Bark cracks and divides ; both which
are evident Signs of the Weaknefs
of the ‘T'rees ; whereas, if inftead of
Apples the Orchard had been plant-

ed with Pears, Cherries, or any other ~

Sort of Fruit to which the Soil had
been adapted, the Trees might have
grown very well, and produced great
Quantities of Fruit. .
As to the Pofition of the Orchard
(if you are at full Liberty to choofe),
arifing Ground, open to the South-
eaft, is to be preferr’d : but I would
by no meansadvife to plant upon the
Side of an Hill, where the Declivity
is very great; for in fuch Places the
great Rains commonly wafh down
the better Part of the Ground,where-
by the Trees would be deprived of
proper Nourifhment: but where the
Rife is gentle, it is of great Advan-
tage to the Trees by admitting the
Sun and Air between them better
than it cam upon an intire Level ;
which is an exceeding Benefit to the
Fruit, by diffipating fogs, and dry-
ing up the Damps, which, when de-
tained amongfi the Trees, mix with
the Air, and render it rancid’: if if
be defended. from the Weft, North,
and Eat Winds, it willalfo render
the Situation ftill more advantage-
ous ; for it is chiefly from thofe'
Quarters that Fruit-trees receive the
greateft Injury :

always

Q9q 2

therefore, if the’ —.
Place -be not. naturally defended
from thefe by rifing Hills (which is’

-

OR

OR

always to be preferr’d, then you ~ At Michaelmas you fhould plowit

fhould plant large-growing Timber-
trees atfome Diflance from the Or-
chard, to anfwer this Purpofe.

You fhould alfo have a great re-
gard to the Diftance of planting the
‘Trees, which is what few People
have rightly confider’d ; for if you
plant them too clofe, they will be
liable to Blights ; and the Air being
hereby pentin amongft them, will

caufe the Fruit to be ill-tafted, having -

a great Quantity of damp Vapours
from the Perfpiration of the Trees,
and the Exhalations from the Earth,
mix’d with it, which will be imbi-
bed by the Fruit, and renders their
juices crude and unwholfome.

_ WhereforeI can’t but recommend
the Method which has been lately
practifed by fome particular Gentle-
men with very good Succefs; and
that is, to plant the Trees fourfcore
- Feet afunder, but not in regular
Rows. The Ground between the
‘Trees they plow and fow with
‘Wheat, and other Crops, in the fame
manner as if it were clear from
Trees ;and they obferve their Crops
to be full as good as thofe quite ex-
pofed, except juft under each Tree,
when they are grown large, and af-
ford 2 great Shade; and by thus
plowing and tilling the Ground,
the Trees are rendered more vigo-
rous and healthy, fcarcely ever hav-
ing any Mofs, or other Marks of
Poverty, and willabide much longer,
and produce better Fruit.

If the Ground in which you in-
tend to plant an Orchard has been
Pafture for fome Yeats, then you
fhould plow in the Gteen-{ward the
Spring before you plant the Trees:
and if you will permit it to lie a
Summer fallow, it will greatly mend
it, provided you flir it two or three
times, to rot the Sward of Grafs, and
prevent Weeds growing thereon.

+

pretty deep, in order to make it
loofe for the Roots of the Trees,
which fhould be planted thereon in
Odober, provided the Soil be dry ;
but if it be moift, the Beginning of
March will be a better Seafon.

When you have finifhed planting ~
the Trees, you fhould provide fome
Stakes to fupport them, otherwife
the Wind will blow them out of
the Ground ; which will do them
much Injury, efpecially after they
have been planted fome time ; for
the Ground at that Seafon being
warm, and for the moft part moift,
the Trees will very foon pufh out a
great Number of young Fibres ;
which, if broken off by their being
dilpJaced, will greatly retard the
Growth of them.

In the Spring following, if the
Seafon fhould prove dry, you fhould
cut 2 Quantity of green Turf, which
muft be laid upen the Surface of the
Ground about their Roots, turning
the Grafs downward; which will
prevent the Sun and Wind from dry-
ing the Ground, whereby a great
Expence of Watering will be faved :
and after the firft Year they will be
out of Danger, provided they have
taken well.

Whenever you plow the Ground
betwixt thefe Trees, you muft be
careful not to go too deep amongft
their Roots, left you fhould cut
them off, which would greatly da-
mage the Trees : but if you do it
cautioufly, the ftirring of the Surface
of the Ground will be of great Bene-
fit to them ; tho’ you fhould obferve
never to fow too near the Trees, —
nor fuffer any great-rooting Weeds
to grow about them, which would
exhauft the Goodnefs of the Soil,
and ftarve them. _

The Soil of your Orchard fhould _
alfo be mended once in two or three

Years

OR

Years with Dung, or other Manure,
which will alfo be abfolutely necef-
fary for the Crops fown between :
fo that where Perfons are not incli-
nable to help their Orchards, where
the Expence of Manure is pretty
great; yet, as there is a Crop ex-
pected from the Ground befides the
Fruit, they will the more readily be
at the Charge upon that Account.

In making choice of Trees for an
Orchard, you fhould always obferve
to procure them from a Soil nearly
akin to that where they are to be
planted, or rather poorer ; for if you
have them from a very rich Soil,
and that wherein you plant them is
but indifferent, they will not thrive
well, efpecially for four or fiveYears
after planting: fo that ’tis a very
wrong Prattice to make the Nurfe-
ry, where young Trees are raifed,
very rich, when the Trees are de-
figned for a middling or poor Soil.
The Trees fhould alfo be young and
thriving ; for whatever fome Per-
fons may advife to the contrary, yet
it has always been obferv’d, that
tho’ large ‘Trees may grow, and pro-
duce Fruit, after being remov’d, they
never make fo good Trees, nor are
fo long-fiv’d, as thofe which are
planted while young.

Thefe Trees, after they are plant-
ed out, will require no other Prune-
ing but only to cut out dead Branch-
es, or fuch as crofs each other, fo as
to render their Heads confus’d and
unfightly : the too often pruning
them, or fhortening their Branches,
is very injurious ; efpecially to Cher-
ries and Stone-fruit, which will gum
prodigioufly, and decay in fuch
Places where they are cut: and the
_ Apples and Pears, which are not of
_ fo nice a Nature, will produce a
greater Quantity of lateral-Branch-
es, which will fill the Heads of the
| Drees with weak Shoots whenever

OR

their Branches are thus fhorten’ ;
and many times the Fruit is hereby
cut off, which, on many Sorts of
Fruit-trees, is firft produc’d at the
Extremity of their Shoots.

ORCHIS, Satyrion, or Fool-
ftones.

The Charafers are;

It hath an anomalous Flower, cons
Shing of fix diffimilar Leaves, the.
five uppermoft of which are fo difpos'd.
as to imitate in fome manner an Hel-
met; the under one being of mang
Shapes, headed for the moft part, and
tail’d, fometimes representing a naked
Man, fometimes @ Butterfly, a Drone,
a Pigeon, an Ape, a Lizard,a Parrot,
a Fly, and other Things : but the
Empalement afterward becomes a
Fruit divided into three Cells, in
which are contained many {mall Seeds:
to thefe Notes foould be added, The
Flowers are colleGed into a Spike ;
and the Roots are fleloy, fometimes
roundi/b and double like Tefticles, fome-
times flat, and in a manner fhapa
like an Hand,

The Species are ;

1. OrcHIs morio mas, foliis macua
latis, C. B.P, The Male Fool«
ftones. at

2. Orcuts morio famina. Park.
Theat. ‘The Female Fool-ftones.

3. Orcuis barbata fetida. FB.
The Lizard-ilower, or Great Goat-
{tones. |

4. Greurs Pannonica. 4. Cluff
Hift. Little purple - flowered Or-
chis.

5. Orcuis obfeure purpurea odo-
rata. Tourn. Sweet-{melling dark-_
purple Orchis.

6.ORcHIS purpurea, fpica conzefa
pyramidali. Raii Syn. Purple late-
flowering Orchis.

7. Ortuis odorata mofchata, five —
Monorchis. C. B. P. ‘The yellows
fweet or Mufk Orchis. grt

Q4q4a % 8. Oxcuzs

. eed

OR

8. Orcuis fpiralis alba odorata.
7. B. Triple Ladies Traces.

9- Orcuis fatifolia, hiante cucul-
lo, major. Tourn, The Man Or-
chis.

10. Orcuis anthropophora Orca-
des. Col. Ec. Man Orchis, witha
ferrugincous, and fometimes a green
Colour.

11. Orcuis myodes, galea © alis
herbidis. F. B. The common Fly
Orchis,

12.-OrcHIS myodes major. Park.
Theat. The greater Fly Orchis.

13. Orcuis fufcifora, galeaS
alis purpurafcentibus. F. B. ‘The
common Humble-bee Satyrion, or
Bee-flower. :

14, Orcuis five Tefticulus Sphe-
godcs, hirfuto fore. J.B. Wumble-
bee Satyrion, with green Wings.

15. Orcuis h.rmaphroditica bifo-
fia. F.B, Butterfly Satyrion.

16. Orcuis alba bifolia minor,
calcari oblonge. C. B. P. The lefler

Butterfly Satyxion.
‘47. Orcnis palmata pratinfis la-
tifolia, longis calcaribus. C.B. P.
The Male handed Orchis, or Male
Satyrion Royal.

18. Orcuis palmata pratenfis
maculata. C. B. P. The Female
handed Orchis, or Female Satyrion
Royal..

19. Orcs pelmata minor, cal-
caritus oblongis. €. B. P. Red-
handed Orchis, with long Spurs.

zo. Orenis palmata minor, fore
luteo viridi. Raii Syn. Handed Or-
chis, with a greenifh Flower, by
Some call’d the Frog Orchis. |

All thefe Sorts of Orchis grow
wild in feveral Parts ofExg/and ; but,
for the extreme Oddnefs and Beauty
of their Flowers, deferve a Place in
every good Garden : and the Reafon
for their not being cultivated in Gar-
dens proceeds from their Difficulty
to be tranfplanted : tho’ this, I be-

ie. tad
Vv Se

OR

lieve, may be eafily overcome, where

a Perfon has an Opportunity of
marking their Roots in their time of
Flowering, and letting them remain
until their Leaves are decay’d, when
they may be tranfplanted with Safe-
ty : for itis the fame with moft
Sorts of bulbous or flefhy - rooted

Plants, which, if tranfplanted before.

their Leaves decay, feldom live, not-
withftanding you preferve a large
Ball of Earth about them: for the
extreme Parts of their Fibres extend
toa great Depth in the Ground,
from whence they receive their
Nourifhment; which if broken or
damag’d by taking up their Roots,
they ieldom thrive after; for tho’
they may fometimes remain alive a
Year or two, yet they grow weaker,
until they quite decay ; which is alfo
the Cafe with Tulips, Fritillaria’s,
and other bulbous Roots, when re-
moved, after they have made Shoots:
fo that whoever would: cultivate
them, fhouldfearch them out in their
Seaion of Flowering, and mark them ;
and, when their Leaves are decay’d,
‘the Roots fhould be taken up, and
planted in a Soil and Situation as
nearly refembling that wherein they
naturally grow, as poflible, other-
wife they will not thrive: fo that
they cannot be placed all in the fame
Bed ; for fome are only found upon
chalky Hills, others in moift Mea-
dows, and fome in fhady Woods, or
under Trees: but if their Soil and
Situation be adapted to their vari-
ous Sorts, they will thrive, and con-
tinue feveral Years, and, during their
Seafon of Flowering, will afford as
great Varieties as any . Flowers
which are at prefent cultivated.
The firft Sort howers in‘ April,
and is very common in Paftures, and

buthy Places, in moft Parts of Eng- ;

land, |

Neg
OR

- The fecond Sert flowers in May:
this is common in Paftures almoft
every-where.

The third Sort is more rare than
the former: this is foundin a Lane
near Dartford in Kent, and is one
of the largeft.of all the Kinds : it
flowers at the Latter-end of May.

The fourth Sort grows upon dry
berren Hills, particularly between
Northfeet and Gravefend: this fow-
ers at the Latter-end of Aprz/.

The fifth Sort is found in great
Plenty in Weftmorland ; but particu-
Tarly in the Meadows, upon both the
Banks of Eden, throughout feveral
Parifhes : it flowers in May.

_ The fixth Sort grows upon dry,
darren, or. chalky Hills in divers
Parts of England: this flowers in
Fune.

The feventh Sort grows upon
chalky Hills, , but is very rare ; it
as particularly found upon the Hills
near Caw/bam in. Berkfoire, and up-
‘on Gogmagog Hills in Cambéridg:/oire-
it flowers in May.

The eighth Sort flowers in 4ugu/?:
this grows upon dry fiony Places, as
alfoin moift Paftures in the North
Parts of Exgland.

The ninth Sort grows upon Caw-
JpamHUills, as alfo upon the dry Banks
on the Road-fide between Greenhith
and Northfeetin Kext ; and flowers

. in May.

The tenth Sort is found about
Northficet with the former; and
flowers about the fame time ; as de
alfo the eleventh and twelfth.

The thirteenth Sort flowers in
Fane: this grows upon dry Places in
many Parts of England, as doth the
fourteenth Sert, which Aowers in
April. — Ads

The fifteenth and fixteenth Sorts
grow in fhady Places in divers Parts
of England: they both flower in
Mey.

OR

The feventeenth and eighteenth
Sorts grow in moift Places very plen-
tifully ; the firft flowering in Mzy,
the other in Fuze.

The nineteenth Sert grows in
moift Paitures ; and flowers in Fume.

The twentieth Sort grows in dry
Paftures ; and flowers in May.

Thus having mentioned the feve-
ral Places of Growth, and the Times
of thefe Plants Flowering, it will be
no very dificult Tafk for a Perfon
to fearch them out; which if it
happens to be in a Place where the
Roots may be marked, and taken
up after their Leaves are decayed (as -
I faid before), there will be little
Hazard of their fucceeding : but if
you are oblie’d to take them up in-
Flower, you mutt be very careful to
preferve as much Earth as poffible to
their Reots, otherwife there can be
little Hopes of their living. Nor
fhould they be kept out of the
Ground longer than till you can coa-
veniently get them home; for if the
Air dries the Earth about them, they
will fhrink, and be goed for no-
thing ; and if the Earth be watered,
the Roets of fuch as grow upon dry
Soils will rot and perifh ; therefore
you fhould be very careful in this
Particular.

OREOSELINUM, Meuntain
Pariley.
The CharaG&ers are; ~

it hath a rofe-/eaped umbellated
Flower, confifting of feveral Leaves,
placed in a circular Order, refting oz
the Empalement, which afterward
becomes a Fruit compofed of two Seeds,
which are oval, plain, large fireak a.
azd bordered, and fometimes caf? off
their Cover: tothefe Notes maj) br
added, That the deaves are like Par-
fey. |
The Spectes are ;
1. OREOSELINUM afi? folio, mea-
jus. Inf. R. H. Greater Moun-
Qqd 4 tags

OR

tain Parfley, with a Parfley-
leaf.

Zz. OREOSELINUM afti folio, mi-
nus. Inf. R. H. Smailer Moun-
tain Parfley, with a Parfley-leaf.

3. OREOSELINUM pratenfe, cicu-
te filio. Inf. R. H. Meadow
Mountain Parfley, with anHemlock-
leaf.

4. Orrosetinum Oricatale, fe-
feleos Me fiilienfis folio. Tourn. Cor.
Eaflern Niguniain Parfley, with a
Leaf lke the Hartwort of Mar-
Seilles.

The firft and fecond Sorts grow
in the mountainous Paftures and
Vineyards on the RAine in Germany ;
as alfo on the Hills in the Neigh-
bourhood of Geneva.

The third Sort grows in the Mea-
dows, and law Pattures, in feveral
Parts of Germany ; but particularly
1. i the Palatinate.

The fourth Sortwas difcovered by
Dr. Tourncfort in the Levant, from
whence he fent the Seeds to the
Royal Garden at Paris.

The Seeds and Roots of the two
firft Sorts are commonly ufed in Me-
dicine by the Phyficians of Germany;
but are never prefcribed in England.
"Theyareetteemed cleanfingand open-
jig, and very good for the Stone and
dsravel. From fome Species of this
Genus, Dr. Boerhaave conjectures
that fome of the Gums of 4fa and
Africa are produced; asthe dm-
moniac, Sagapenum, Opopanax, and
Galbanum.

Thefe Plants are propagated by
Seeds, which fhould be fown in Au-
tumn, as foon as poffible after they
are ripe; for if they are kept out of
the Ground until the Spring, they
feldom grow. Thefe Seeds fhould
be fown in the Places where they are
deigned to remain; for as they
have do whright carroty Roots, they
do not well bear traniplanting. ‘They

eg aa eer

rs GE

“require a moift light Soil, and thrive

beit in a fhady Situation. The
Method is, to fow the Seeds in

which fhould be made about eig]
teen Inches afunder, and about half
an Inch deep. Inthe Spring, when
the Plants come up, they fhould be
carefully cleared of Weeds; and
where the Plants are too clofe, th

fhould ‘be thinned, leaving th

about fix or feven Inches apart,that
they may have room to grow; but
the firft Sort fhould be allowed a

F)

greater Share of room, becaufe it

grows very large, often rifing to the
Height of fix or feyen Feet, and
{preads its Leaves near two Feet
each Way.

In two Years after the Seeds are
fown, the Plants (if they have thri-
ven well) will be itrong enough to
produce their Flower - ftems, when
they will begin to fhaot up in April,
and their Flowers appear in ‘une ;
but their Seeds will not ripen till the
End of Auguft or September. Thefe
Plants will continue fome Years, and
will annually produce Seeds ; fo
that the Ground fhould be carefully
dug between the Plants everySpring,
and conftantly kept clean from
Weeds, which ts all the Culture the
Plants will require.

ORIGANUM, Origany, or Baf-
tard Marjoram,

The Chara@ers are ;

It hath a labiated Flower, conf, ifting
of one Leaf, whofe upper Lip? is ered,
roundifh, and divided into two ; but
the under Lip is cut into three Seg-
ments: out of the Flower-cup arifes
the Pointal, attended, as it were, by
four Embryoes, which afterward be-
come fo many roundife Seeds, inclofed
in the Flower-cup: to which foould.
be added, The Flowers grow in fealy
Spikes, fomewbat refembling thofe ¢
the M. larjoram.

The Species are

RB oF

eae ®
.Orrcanum vulgare /pontancum.
7. B. Wild Marjoram.

z. Oricanum onites, C. B. P.
Pot Marjoram.

3. OnicanuM Heracleoticum, Cu-
ila gallinacea Plinii. C. B. P.
Winter fweet Marjoram, vu/go.

4. Oricanum fylveftre bumile.
C. B. P. Dwarf wild Origany.

— §. Oricanum fylvefire, foliis
wariegatis. Hort. Ed. Wild Mar-
joram with variegated Leave,.

6. Oricanum Orientale, folio
brunelle glauco, fore albo. Vaill.
Oriental wild Marjoram, with a Self-
heal-leaf, and white Flowers.

The firft Sort here mentioned
grows wild upon dry chalky Hills,
and on gravelly Soils, in divers
Parts of England ; and is gathered by
the People who fupply the Markets
with medicinal Herbs ; fo that ‘it is
rarely cultivated in Gardens.

The fecond Sort was formerly
more cultivated than at prefent : this
was us’d as a Pot-herb for Soups,
&c. but of late Years it has been
almoft negleéted:: it is faid to grow
wild in fome Parts of England.

The third Sort has the Appear-
ance of common {weet Marjoram ;

and, having a {weet Smell, is culti- ©

vated in many Gardens near London,
and brought to the Markets to fup-
ply the Want of fweet Marjoram
early in the Seafon before the Mar-
joram (which is an annual Plant)
can be procured; and is us'd by
the People who make up Nofe-gays.
The fourth and fifth Sorts are pre-
ferved as Varieties by fome People,
who ufe the fourth, many times, as
a Pot-herb, inftead of the fecond.
The fixth Sort was brought from
the Levant ; but is hardy enough to
endure the fevereft Cold of our Cli-
mate in the open Air, provided it be
planted upon a dry Seil. ak

OR

-Thefe Plants may be all propagas
ted by fowing their Seeds in the man-
ner directed for Marjoram, and the
Plants fhould be treated in the fame
way: therefore I fhall forbear re-
peating it in this Place: they may
alfo be propagated by parting their
Roots, or planting Cuttings, in the
Spring, which, if watered and fha-
ded, will take Root in a few Days,
and multiply execcdingly, :

Their Roots will abide feveral
Years, and require no further Cul-
ture but to keep them clear from
Weeds, and tranfplant them every
Year, otherwife they will grow fo
large as to rot in the Middle for.
want of Air.

ORNITHOGALUM, Star of
Bethlehem.

The Chara@ers are;

It hath a Lily-flower, compos'd of
fix Petals or Leaves, ranged circu-
larly, whofe Centre is poffifrd by the
Pointal, which afterward turns toa
roundifp Fruit, which is divided into
three Cells, and fill'd with roundifs
Seeds : towhich muft be added, It hath
a bulbous or tuberofe Root, in vshich
it differs from Spiderwort.

The Species are ;

1. ORNITHOGALUM anzuftifolium
majus, floribus ex albo virefcentibus.
C.B.P. Spiked Star of Bethlehem,
with a greenifh Flower.

2. ORNITHOGALUM umbellatum
medium anguftifolium. C.B.P. Com-
mon Star of Bethlehem, withan um-
bellated Flower.

3. ORn1iTHOGALUM . luteum. C.,
B.P. Yellow Star of Bethlehem.

4. ORNITHOGALUM majus. fpica-
tum, flore albo.C. B.P. ‘The great
white Star of Bethlehem.

5: OrnitHocatum fpicatum,
frore viridi-laétefcente. C. B. P.
Spiked Star of Bethlehem, with 2
whitihh-green Flower. :

. 6. Or-

OR

_§ Orartuocatum luteum five
fetlidum majus.C. B. P. Great-yel-
tow, or pale Star of Bethlehem.

7.OrniTHocALUM Neapolitanum.
F.B. Star of Naples, vulgo.

8. OnriITHOGALUM anguftifoli-
am fpicatum maximum.C.B.P. The
greateft narrow-leav'd [piked Star of
Bethlehem.

g. CRNITHOGALUM /fpicatum feu
emofum, fore la&o.C. B.P. Spi-
ked or branchy Star of Bethledem,
with a milk-white Flower.

10. ORNITHOGALUM majus /pi-
eatum alterum. C.B.P. Another
great {fpiked Star of Berhlebem, com-
monly called the Star of Cenjianti-
xople.

11. QRNITHOGALUM /picatum al-
Sum. C. B. P, White fpiked Star of
Bethlehem. .

12. QRNITHOGALUM duteum,
ssagno fore. C..B. P. Yellow Star
of Bethlehem, with a large Flower.

13. OrxnituocaLum Luftani-
exm, ceptilaceo folio, luteum. Inf.
R.H. Yellow Portuguefe Star of
Bethlehem, with acapillaceous Leaf.

14.ORNITHOGALUM /picatum uni-
Solium, fore caerules odorato. Vir. Lu-
. &t. Spiked Siar of Bethdehem, with
one Leaf, and afweet-{melling blue

Flower.

15. GawituocaLumM umbellatum
staximum. C.B.P. The greatett
ambellated Star of Bethlehem, com-
monly cail’d the Star of Alexandria.
— 46. OrxiruocaLuM umbellatum
album medium latifolium. C.B.P.
White middle broad-leav’d umbel-
lated Star of Berhlebem.

17.ORNITHOGALUM album minus.

C. B. P, Smaller white Star of Berh-
debe. .

18. OnxrTHGGALUM umbellatum,
poiculis ex alba fubcorruleis. C. BP.
‘Umbellated Star of Bethlehem, with
whituli-blue Flowers.

OR
19. OarnttHoGcatum Orientale
uilljum, eluteo magno. Tourn.
Cor. Eaftern hairy Star of Bethle-
hem, with a large yellow Flower.
20. OxniTHOGALUM Samium vil-
4o(um umbellatum album, Tourn, Cor.
Hairy white umbellated Star of Beth-
dehem of Samos. ,
21. Ornirmocatum Lufftani-

cum unifolium bumile, folio ovate

acuminata, fioribus fpicatis ceeruleis,
Low Portuguefe Star- flower, with
One oval pointed Leaf, and blue
Flowers growing in a Spike,

22. OrnirHocaLum Africanum,
tuteum odoratum, foliis cepaccis, ra-
dice tuberofa. H. L. Yellow f{weet-
{melling African Star of Bethlehem,
with Onion-leaves, and a tuberofe
Root.

23. Orniraocatum Virginia-
num luteum, foliis gramineis hirfutis.
Petiver. Gaz. Yellow Virginiaz
Star-flower, with hairy Grafs-leaves.

24. GasiTHoGALUM Africanunt,
plantaginis rofee folio, radice tube-
roya. Com. Hort. Amp. African Star-
flower, with a Rofe - plantain - leaf,
and a tuberous Root. ¢

The eighteen Sorts which are firft-
mentioned, are very hardy; moft of
thefe grow wild in Spain and Portu-
gal; the three firit grow in feveral
Places in the North of Exgland, in
Meadows and Woods: thefe increafe
very falt by Ott-fets, efpecially the
fecond and feventh Sorts, fo as often
to become troublefome Weeds in
fuch Gardens where they are plant-
ed. The feventh Sort comes early
to fower in the Spring : the Flowers
are large, of a dirty-white Colour,
jiriped with green; fo it makes but
an indifferent Appearance ; and the
Seed-vefiels foon after {welling to a
large Size, become fo. heavy, as to
weigh down the Stalks, and lay
them proitrate on the Ground 5 at

which,

3

»

.

OR

which time they are very unfightly;
therefore thefe are not proper Orna-
ments for the Flower-garden: but
as they will thrive in Woods, and
under Trees, a few of them may be

_ allowed a Place in any fhady Wood-
- walks, or other abject Part of the

Garden, for the fake of Variety.

The fourteenth Sort produces blue
Flowers fomewhat like thofe of the
{mall ftarry Hyacinth; and flowers
much about the fame Seafon, vz.
the Latter-end of February, or the
Beginning of March: the Flowers
of this do not rife above four or five
Inches high; fo the Roots of. this
fhould be planted with others of the
fame Growth, near the Edges of the
Borders, where they may remain
three Years undifturbed.

Thefe Plants are propagated by
Off-fets, which their Roots do com-
monly produce in great Plenty. The
beft time to tranfplant their Roots is
in Fuly or Augu/?, when their Leaves
are decay’d; for if they are remov’d
late in Autumn, their Fibres will be
fhot out, when they will be very
apt to fuffer, if difturb’d. They
Should have a light fandy Soil; but
it muft not be over-dung’d, which
would caufe their Roots to decay.
‘They may be intermix’d with other
bulbous-rooted Flowers in the Bor-
ders of the Pleafure - garden, where
they will afford an agreeable Varie-
ty, and continue in Flower a long
time. Their Roots need not be
tranfplanted oftener than every other
Year; forifthey are taken up every
Year, they will not increafe fo faft ;
but when they are fuffered to re-
main too long unremoved, they will
have fo many Off-fets about them
as to weaken their blowing Roots.
Thefe may alfo be propagated from
Seeds, which fhould be fown and

_ managed as moft other bulbous-
Footed Flowers, and will produce

OR

their Flowers in three or four Years
after fowing.

The fifteenth Sort here mentioned
is very common in many Gardens
near London; but it rarely produces
any Flowers. This multiplies very
fait by Off-fets, fo as in few Years
to ftock a whole Garden. The
Leaves and Bulbs of this Plant are
very like thofe of the Hyacinth of
Peru; fo that many Perfons have
taken it for one of that Kind. Thefe
Roots have been brought over from
Italy in great Plenty of late Years,
by the Perfons who import Orange-
trees; but I have not yet heard,
that any of them have produced
Flowers in England.

The nineteenth and twentieth
Sorts are, as yet, very rare in Eng-
land : thefe grow in the Archipelago ;
and I have been informed by a very
curious Gentleman, that they grow
in great Plenty in the Ifland of Zant,
from whence their Roots may be ea-
fily obtained, by the Ships that bring
over the Currans. The beftMethod to
bring them over,would beto have the
Roots taken out of theGround, foon
after their Flower-ftems and Leaves
decay, and dry them in a fhadyPlace:
then they may be hung up in the
Ship, in Nets (as is praétifed for
Onions), to prevent their rotting by
Moifture, and to fecure them from
Vermin : and if they are four
Months or longer out of the Ground,
they will do very well, provided the
Roots are found. ‘

The Roots of the twenty-firft Sor¢
were fent from Portugal, by Robert
More, Efq; who found them grow-
ing there wild, in the Year 1747.
Thefe produced their Flowers the
next Seafon after they were planted
in Exgland;and have continued fo
to doevery Year, about the Latter-
end of 4pri/, or the Beginning of

. The

OR

The bulbous Root of this Flower
tsabout the Size of thofe of the
common Snow-drop, and isin Shape
very like them. Each of thefe pro-
duces one oval Leaf, in Shape like
that of the Adder’s- tongue, hav-
ing no Footitalk, but grows clofe to
the Ground, On the Side of the
Leaf arifes the Flower-fem, which
feldom is more than two Inches high:
thefe {fuftain the Flowers, which
grow upon fhort Footftalks, in form
of a Spike: they are of a bright
blue Colour; refembling thofe of the
early blue ftarry Hyacinth, but are
{maller. . Thefe fall away, without
producing anySeeds in Exg/and; nor
do the Bulbs fend out Off-fets, fo
that the Plant is yet pretty rare in
the Gardens. Although the Flow-
ers of this Plant are fo {mall as to
make but little Appearance in the
Garden, yet thofe who are curious
in colleéting all the Variety of bulb-
ous-rooted Flowers, efteem it for
the Difference there is in the Leaf
and Flower from the other Species
of this Genus.

The Roots are hardy, and may
be treated in the fame manner as
thofe of the other Species of this
Genus ; but they fhould not be re-
moved oftener than every third
Year. Thetime for taking up of
the Roots is foon after the Leaves
are decayed; and they fhould be
planted again pretty early in the
Autumn. They feem to thrive beft
in a loofe loamy Soil, which is not
much dunged.

The twenty-fecond Sort was for-
merly more common in the Englih
Gardens, than at prefent. ThisKind
is more tender than either of the
former; fo fhouid be plantedin Pots
filled with frefh light Earth; and in
Winter muft be placed in an airy
Gla(s-cafe, amongft Sedums, Ficoi-

OR

des’s, and fuch other pretty hardy
fucculent Plants, which require a
large Share of Air in mild Weather;
and in Summer they may be remo-
ved out of the Houfe, and placed ina
warm-fheltered Situation ; obferving
never to give thefe Plants much Wa-
ter when they are not in a growing
State, left it rot their Roots; but
when they are growing freely, they
muft be frequently refrefhed with
Water. Thefe Roots fhould be
tranfplanted every Year : the beft
time to perform this Work is foon
after their Flower-ftems are decayed,
when the Roots will be in the moft
inactive State. When this is done
the Off-fets fhould be carefully taken
off, and each tranfplanted into a fe-
parate {mall Pot filled with light
frefh Earth, and may be treated as
the old Roots.

The twenty-third Sort is a Na-
tiue of America, not only of the
Continent; but alfo of the Iflands
there: Mr. Baniffer found it grow-
ing wild in Virg:nta, and fent it to
Mr. Petiver ; and Mr. Ray has pub-
lifhed it in the Catalogue of Plants
made by Mr. Baniffer in Virginia:
and Mr. Cate/by fince found it grow-
ing in Carolina; and has exhibited
a Figure of it in his Hiftory of that
Country: but Ihave, by Accident,
had this Plant come up in the Earth
which has come from Jamaica and
Antigua, in which other Plants were
fent over, by which it appears to be
common in both thofe Iflands.

This is a very humble Plant, never
rifing above fix Inches high: the
Leaves are fhaped like thofe of the
{malleft Cyprefs-grafs, being trian-
gular, long, and hairy : the Flowers
are produced on flender Footftalks
arifing from the Root, being naked;
and on the Top are produced. twa
or three {mall yellow Flowers.

OR

If this Plant is kept in the Stove,
it will continue flowering great
Part of the Year,and will alfo pro-
duce good Seeds: but if it is expo-
fed in the open Air, it will not flower,
butin Fuly and Auguft; and thefe
_mever produce Seeds, altho’ the
Roots will live abroad, if they are
planted in a warm Situation: this
Sort loves Warmth and Moifture.

The twenty-fourth Sort is a Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, from
whence it was firft brought to fome
curious Gardens in Holland, and
fome Years fince was in feveral of
the Englife Gardens ; bat was loft
for fome Years, and hath been lately
retrieved. This hath a large tube-
rous Root, in Shape like the Cy-
clamen: the Leaves are produced
in Clufters upon fingle Foofalks
from the Root, and fpread on the
Surface of the Ground, as do thofe
of the Cyclamen: the Flowers grow
in along Spike upon. a naked Stem
arifing from the Root, having flen-
der long Footftalks : thefe are {mall,
of a greenifh Colour at fir&, but af-
terward change white : there is no
great Beauty in the Flowers of this
Plant; but as the Leaves come out
in the Autumn, and remain green all
the Winter, it makes an agreeable
Variety amongft other Exotic Plants,
during that Seafon. This requires
no other Culture but to plant the
Roots in frefh light Earth in Pots ;
and in Winter they mutt be placed
-in a Green-houfe, or an airy Glafs-
cafe, with Ficoides, and other Plants
of the fame Country ; where, if they
are protected from Froft, they will
require no artificial Warmth. In
Summer they muft be expos’d with
other Exotic Plants; but after the
Leaves decay, the Roots fhould not
have too much Wer, left it rot
them,

OR

ORNITHOPODIUM, Bird’s?
foot. i
The CharaGers are ;

It hath a papilionaceous Flower;
out of whofe Empalement rifes the

Pointal, which afterward becomes ax

hooked jointed Pod, for the moft part
waved, containing in each Foint one
roundife Seed: to which muft be add=
ed, That feveral Pods grow tagether
in fuch a manner as to refemble the

Foot of a Bird.

The Species are;

1, ORNITHOPODIUM radice tu
berculis nodofa. C. B. P. Bird’s-
foot with a knobbed Root.

"2. OrRNITHOPODIUM majus. C,
B.P. The greater Bird’s-foot. —

3. OrniTHopopium /corpioides,
filiqua comprefa. T. Caterpiller
Bird’s-foot, with a far Pod.

4. OrniTHoPopium portulaca@
folio. Tourn. Bird's - foot with a
Purflane-leaf.

Thefe Plants are propagated by
fowing their Seeds in the Spring up-
on a Bed of frefh light Earth, where
they are to remain (for they feldom
do well when they are tran{planted);
and, when the Plants come up, they
muft be carefully cleared from
Weeds; and where they are too clofe,
fome of the Plants fhould be pulled
out, fo as to leave the remaining
ones about ten Inches afunder. In
Funethefe Plants will flower, and the
Seeds will ripen in Auguf?. There
isno great Beauty in them; buat,
for the Variety of their jointed Pods,
they are preferv’d by fome curious
Perfons in their Pleafure-gardens ;
where, if their Seeds are fown in
Patches in the Borders, each Sort
diftin@ly by itfelf, and the Plants
thinn’d, leaving only two at each
Patch, they will require no farther
Care ; and willadd to the Variety,
efpecially where the Snail and Ca-

termiller

————g ew er eee

OR

terpiller Plants are preferved, which
are very proper to intermix with
them. ‘They are all annual Plants,
which perifh foon after their Seeds
are ripe.

OROBUS, Bitter-vetch.

The CharaGers are;

Jt hath a papilionaceous Flower,
confifting of the Standard, the Keel,
and the Wings ; out of whofe Em-
palement rifes the Pointal wrapt up
in the Membrane, which afterward
becomes a roundPod, full of ovalfoapd
Seeds: to which muft be added, That
tewo Leaves joined together grow upon
@ Rib that ends in a Point.

The Species are ;

1. Orosus /ylvaticus purpureus
wernus. C. B. P. Vernal purple
Wood Bitter-vetch.

2. Oxosus fylwaticus noftras. Raii
Syn. Engli/e Wood Bitter-vetch.

3. Orosus /ylvaticus, foliis ob-
longis glabris. Tourn. Wood or
Heath Peas.

4. Orosus fylvaticus, foliis vi-
cia. C. B. P. Wood Orobus, with
Vetch-leaves.

5. Orosus /atifolius repens, fili-
qua parva. Boerb. Ind. Broad-
leav’d creeping Orobus, with a
{mall Pod, commonly call’d Venetian
Vetch.

6. Orozsus flveftris anguflifo-
kius, afphodeli radice. C. B. P. Nar-
row-leav’d wild Bitter-vetch, with
an Afphodel-root.

7. Orosus fjlvaticus, foliis ners
wofis. nf. R. H, Wildor Wood
Bitter-vetch, with Leaves fuil of
Nerves.

8. Orosus Creticus latifolius in-
canus. Inf. R. H. Broad-leav’d hoary
Bitter-vetch of Candy.

g. Orornus Orientals latifolius.

villofusy flore croceo. Tourn. Cor.
' Broad-leav'd hairy Ea/ffern Bitter-
vetch, with a faffron-coloured Flow-
er,

OR

to. Orozus Amerisanus, frufd
coccineo, nigra maculo notate. Inft. R.

H. American Bitter -vetch, with |
fcarlet Fruit, mark’d with a black
Spot, commonly call’d wild Liquo- —

rice by the Inhabitants of America.
11, Orozus Americanus erefus,

foliorum pinnis anguftis, EF fubtus in=

canis, filiquis glabris. Houff. Up-
right American Bitter - vetch, with
narrow Leaves, which are hoary un-

‘derneath, and fmooth Pods,

12. Orosus Americanus latifolius
argenteus, fiore purpureo, Houft.
Broad-leav’d filvery American Bitters
vetch, with a purple Flower.

13. Orosus Americanus procums
bens && hirfutus, flore purpureo. Houft.
Trailing hairy American Bitter-vetchs
with a purple Flower.

14. Orosus Americanus procumt-
bens minimus anguftifolius, flore cocci«

neo. Houft. The leaft narrow-leav’d ~

trailing Bitter-vetch of America, with
a {carlet Flower.

The firft of thefe Plants was
brought from Germazy,. where it
grows in the Forefts in great Plenty,
as alfo about Geneva ; but it is hardy
enough to endure the Cold of our
Climate in the open Air, provided
it be planted in a dry Soil. This
may be propagated either from
Seeds, or by parting the Roots in the
Spring. If you fow the Seeds, you
fhould obferve to put them pretty
early into the Ground before the dry
Weather comes on, otherwife the

Seeds will not come up: as you ~

fhould alfo tranfplant the Roots jutt

before they begin to fhoot, or elfe

their Flowers will be very weak.
The Roots of this Plant will abide
many Years,-and fpring up frefh
every Year, and in April produce
fine Spikes of purple pea - bloom
Flowers, which are fucceeded by
{trait black Pods two Inches longs

contains

3

|

:

a

OR

Containing feveral roundifh bitter
Seeds. \
The fecond and third Sorts grow
wild in Woods, and fhady Places, in
divers Parts of Exg/and ; where, du-

ring their Seafon of Flowering, they

*

make an handfome Appearance; and

_ when tranfplanted under Shrubs in

a Garden, they will thrive extremely
well, and produce great Quantities
of Flowers every Spring.

Thefe were formerly recommend-
ed by Dr. Lifter to be fown for Fod-
der, as a great Improvement; but I
believe them not very proper for
that Purpofe, fince they feldom
thrive well when expos’d to the Sun,
nor will they ever rife to any confi-
derable Height, their Branches trail-
ing upon the Ground, unlefs they
are fupported ; fo that in a wet Sea-
fon they would be apt to rot.

The fourth Sort rifes to be two
or three Feet high, and hath flrong
upright Stalks ; upon which, inMdvy,
are produced great Quantities of
purple Flowers, which are fucceeded
by long ftrait Pods, containing ob-
long bitter Seeds. The Root of this
Plant will abide many Years, the
Stalks decaying in Winter; but will
fpring up again the fucceedingYear:
it delights ina dry freih Soil, and
deferves a Place in large Borders un-
der the Shade of Trees, where ‘it
will thrive well,.and make an hand-
fome Appearance.

The fifth Sort was formerly pre-
ferv’d in the Green-houfe asa ten-
der Plant ; at will endure the Coid
of our Climate very well, if planted

‘B in-a dry Soil ; and thofe Roots

which are planted in the full Ground,
will produce much ftronger Flowers
than thofe preferved in Pots, ‘Yhis
Plant flowers in 4gri/ ; but feldom,
produces goodSeeds inthis Country.
Tihele Plants may all be propaga-

OR
ted either from Seeds, or by parting
of their Roots, in the manner direét-
ed for the firftSort ; and if rightly
difpos’d in the Borders of a Garden,
afford an agreeable Variety: and
fince they are hardy, requiring but
little Culture, they deferve a Place
in every good Garden.

‘Fhe four Sorts next-mentioned are
very hardy Plants: thefe may be
propagated by fowing of their Seeds
in the Spring, on a Border of frefa
Earth, expofed only to the morning
Sun; and when the Plants come uD,
they fhould be carefully cleared trons
Weeds, and thinned where they are
too clofe. The Michaelmas following
they fhould be taken up, and tranf-
planted where they are defigned to
remain; which fhowld be in a hhadg
Place, or under Trees in Wildernefs-
quarters, where thefe Plants will
thrive exceeding well; and, when
they flower in the Spring, will make
an agreeable Variety in fuch Places.
where better Plants will not live,

‘which renders them worthy of a

Place in-large Gardens.

The tenth Sort is very common
in the warmeft Parts of America, déa,
and Africa. "Fhe Seeds of this Sore
are freguently brought to Exgleng
from the We/f-Indies, for their Beau-
ty; being round and hard, of a
bright fearlet Colour, with a blaeic »
Eye, and are fomewhat lefs than
Peas. ThefeSeeds are by the Inba-
bitants of the Countries, where they
naturaily grow, ftrung, and worn
about their Necks for Ornament.

- And the Leaves of the Plant are

fometimes ufed inflead of Liquorice,
being efteemed good for the dry:
Gripes.

‘his Plant twifts itfelf round
whatever Trees or Shrubs grow near
it, and will rife to the Heivht of ten
or twelve Feet, and will continue fe-
verf,

OR

veral Years. ‘The Flowers are pro-
duced on flender Fooftalks, grow-
‘Ing in a clofe Spike or Bunch, which
are fhaped like thofe of the Kidney-
bean, and are of a pale-purple Co-
Jour: thefe are fucceeded by fhort
thick Pods, in which are contained
the Seeds.

The eleventh Sort was difcovered
by the late Dr. Hou/toun in Famaica;
as were alfo the three following
Sorts difcovered by the fame Gentle-
man, at La Vera Cruz in the Spani/h

Weft-Indies. 'Thefe five laft men- ~

tioned Sorts, being Natives of warm
Countries, are very tender ; fo mutt
be preferved in Stoves, otherwife
they will not live in Exgland, Thefe
are propagated by Seeds, which
fhould be fown early in the Spring,
in fmall Pots fll’d with light rich
Earth, and plunged into an Hot-
bed of Tanners Bark, obferving fre-
quently to moiften the Earth, other-
wife the Seeds will not grow (efpe-
cially thofe of the tenth Sort, which
are very hard, and will fometimes
remain a whole Seafon in the
Ground, where they are kept dry)-
When the Plants come up, they
fhould be carefully taken out of the
Pots, and each tranfplanted into fe-
parate fmal]l Pots filled with rich
Earth, and then plunged again into
the Tan-bed, obferving to fhade
them until they have taken Root ;
after which time they fhould have
frefh Air admitted to them every
Day in warm Weather, and muit be
frequently watered. With this
Management the Plants will make a
great Progrefs, and ina few Weeks
thofe of the tenth Sort will reach the
Glaffes of the Hot-bed, unlefs the
Frame be very high; fo thefe fhould
then be taken out, and plunged into
the Bark-bed in the Stove, where
they may have room to grow. Thele
Plants fhould be fupported by Sticks,

OR
or placed neat a Trellace, to which
they fhould be
they will trail about whatever Plants
grow nearthem. —

The other Sorts, being of hum-
bler Growth, may be kept in the
Hot-bed until Mithae/mas, when the
Nights begin to be cold; at which
time they fhould be removed into
the Stove, and plunged into theBark-

bed, where they muft be treated a3

other tender Exotic Plants ; by which
Method they may be preferved thro”
the Winter, and the following Sum-
mer they will produce Flowers.
Thefe Plants are perennial, fo that
if they fhould not perfect their Seeds,
the Plants may be maintained fot
feveral Years.

ORYZA, Rice.

The CharaGers are;

It hath its Grains difpos’d into é.
Panicle, which are almoft of an oval
Figure, and are covered with a thick
Hufk, fomevohat like Barley.

There” is but one Species of this
Plant; wiz.

Oryza. Matth. Rice.

This Grain ispreatly cultivated in

moft of the Eaftern Countries; where
it is the chief Support of the Inhabit-
ants ; and great Quantities of it are
brought into Exg/and, and other Ex-
ropean Countries, every Year, where
it is in greatEfteem for Puddens,@c.
it being too tender to be produc’d in
thefe Northern Countries, without
the Affiftance of artificial Heat :
but from fome Seeds which were
formerly fent to South- Carolina, there
have been great Quantities ptodu-
ced ; and it is found to fucceed equal-
ly as weil there as in its native
Country, which is a very great Im-
provement to our American Settle-
ments. sah A
This Plant grows upon moift
Soils, where the Ground can bé
flow’d over with Water, after it is
come

faftened, otherwife

|

O 3.

come up: fo that whoever would
cultivate it in Exg/and for Curiofity,
fhould fow the Seeds upon an Hot-
bed ; and when the Plants are come
up, they fhould be tranfplanted into
Pots fill’d with rich light Earth, and
plac’d into Pans of Water, which
fhould be plunged into an Hot-bed;
and as the Water wattes, fo it mutt,
from time to time, be renewed
again ; in Fu/y thefe Plants may be
fet abroad in a warm Situation, ftill
preferving the Water in the Pans,
otherwife they will not thrive; and
toward the Latter-end of dugu/? they
will produce their Grain, which will
ripen tolerably well, provided the
Autumn proves favourable.

OSIER. Vide Salix.

OSMUNDA, The Ofmund Roy-
al, or flowering Fern.

This is one of the Kinds of Fern
which is diftinguifh’d from the other
Sorts, by its producing Flowers on
theT op of the Pedicle of the Leaves ;
whereas the others, for the moft
part, produce them on the Back of
their Leaves.

There is but one Kind of this
Plant, which grows wild in Exgland;
but there are feveral Sorts of them
which grow in America: but as
they are feldom kept in Gardens, I
fhall not enumerate their Species.

The common Sort grows on Bogs
in feveral Parts of Exgland ; there-
fore whoever hath an Inclination to
tranfplant it into Gardens, fhould
place it in a moift fhady Situation,
otherwife it will not thrive.

OSTEOSPERMUM, Hard-feed-
ed Chryfanthemum. —

The CharaGers are;

The Flower hath an hemifpherical
Empalement, which is fingle, and cut
- into many Segments: the Flower is
compofed of fcveral Hermaphradite
Flowers in the Difk, which are tu-
bulous, and cut at the Brim into five

Vou. I. |

i. »
OS
Parts : thefe are furrounded by feve-
ral Female Flowers, which are radi-
ated, each having a long narrow
Tongue, which is quinguefd: the
HermaphroditeFlowers have each fue
Slender foort Stamina ; the/e are bar-

_ ren: the Female Flowers have each

a globular Pointal, whith afterward
becomes one fingle hard Seed.
The Species are; |

1. OstEosPERMUM /foliis oppofitis
palmatis. Hort. Cliff. Hard feeded
Chryfanthemum,with handed Leaves
growing oppofite.

2. OsTEOsPERMUM /oliis ovalibus
obfelete ferratis. Lin. Hort. Chiff.
Hard-feeded Chryfanthemum, with
oval Leaves, which are flightly
faw'd.

3. OsTEosPERMUM /oliis lanceola-
tis acute ferratis, petiolis decurrenti-+
us. Hard feeded Chryfanthemum,
with fpear - fhap’d Leaves, which
are cut into fharp Segments, and a
wing’d Footitalk.

4. OsTEOSPERMUM /pinis ramo-
fis. Lin. Hort. Clif. Hard-feeded
Chryfanthemum, with branching
Spines.

This Genus of Plants was, byDr.
Tournefort,intituledChry/anthemoides,
from itsA flinityto theChry/anthemums
and, by Dr. Boerhaave, Chryfanthe-
maides Ofteofpermum. Both of which,
being compound Names, have been
rejected by Dr. Lizneus, who has
given the Tittle of O/feo/permum to

Si

The firft Sort is a Native of Ame-
rica, growing in Virginia and Care-
lina, in low moift Ground. This
Sort dies to the Root every Autumn,
and rifes again the following Spring; —
and when growing on a moift rich
Soil, the Shoots will rife to the
Height of five or fix Feet, and are
garnifh’d with very large Leaves,
placed by Pairs oppofite, which are
fhaped fomewhat like thofe of the

Rrer Plane.

Plane-tree ; from whence it hath |

been by fomeAuthors intituled Céry-
fanthemum platani folio, ‘The Flow-
ers are produced at the Extremity

of the Shoots, which are fhap’d like ©

thofe of the Sun-flower ; but being
{mall, do not make much Appear-
ance, ‘This Sort never produces
any Seeds in England ; fo can only
be propagated by parting of the
Roots : but this fhould not be done
oftener than every third Year. The
beft Seafon for this, and for tranf-
planting of the Roots, is in Ofoder ,
foon after the Shoots decay. ‘Thefe
- Roots fhould be planted in light rich
Earth, and fhould have a moitt Situ-

ation, where they will thrive ex- -

tremely well: but in dry Ground,
if they are not duly water’d in dry
Weather, they will make no Pro-
grefs, and frequently decay in hot
Weather. It will endure the Win-
ter’s Cold very well in the open
Air.

If the Seeds of this Plant are pro-
cured from America, they fhould be
fown ona Bed of rich Earth; and in
dry Weather they fhould be water’d.
'Thefe Seeds generally remain in the
Ground a whole Year, before the
Plants appear. When the Plants
come up, they fhould be treated in
the fame manners hath been direct-
ed for the old Plants.

The fecond, third, and fourth
Sorts are Natives of the Country
about the Cape of Good Hope, in Afri-
ca. ‘The fecond Sort grows to the
Height of fix or eight Feet, and be-
comes woody in the Stem. The
Leaves of this Sort are of an oval
Figure, flightly indented on, the
. Edges, and are cover’d with a white
_ Meal. This Plant. feldom flowers in
. England. |

The third Sort grows like the fe-
’ eond ; but the Leaves aré more
pointed, of a green Colour, and

OS

deeply faw’d on the Edges : the
Footftalks of the Leaves are border’d,
and the Leaves are deeply vein’d.
This produces Tufts of yellow.
Flowers at the Extremity of the
Shoots.z it flowers in the Winter
and Spring.

The fourth Sort is a low fhrubby
Plant, which feldom rifes above

three Feet high, and divides inte

many Branches: the Ends of the
Shoots are befet with green Spines ;
which branch out from the Leaves,
which are very clammy, efpecially
in warm Weather. The Leaves
ure long and narrow,and fet onwith-
out any Order. The Flowers are’
produc’d fingle, at the Ends of the
Shoots, which are yellow, and ap-
pear in uly and Auguft.

Thefe three Sorts are too tender
to live inthe open Air in Exgland ;
fo are placed in the Green-houfe in
OGober, and may be treated in the
fame manner as Myrtles, and other
hardy Green-houfe Plants, which re-
quire alargeShareofAir in mild Wea-
ther : and in the Beginning of May
the Plants may be remov’d into the
open Air, and placed in a fhelter’d
Situation during the Summer-feafon.
The fecond and third Sorts muf
have Plenty of Water, being very

thirfly Plants; but the fourth Sort

muft have it given but moderately
in Winter,

Thefe Plants are propagated by
Cuttings, which may be planted in
any of the Summer-months, upon
a Bed of light Earth, and fhould be
water’d and fhaded until they have
taken Root. Thefe may remain in
the Beds till they have gotten very
good Roots; when they muft be
taken up, and planted in Pots ;. for
if they are fuffer’d to flandlong, —
they will make ftrong vigorous
Shoots, and will be difficult to tranf-
plant afterward ; efpecially the fe-
| | cond

cee:
cond and third Sorts; but there is
not fo much Danger of the fourth,
which is not fo vigorous, nor fo eafy
in taking Root, as theother. Du-
ring the Summer - feafon the Pots
fhould be frequently remov’d, to
prevent the Plants from rooting
through the Holes in the Bottom of
the Pots, into the Ground, which
they are very apt to do when they
continue long undifturbed, and then
. they fhoot very luxuriantly ; and,.on
their being remov’d, thefe Shoots,
and fometimes the whole Plants, will
decay.
OSYRIS, Poets Cafia.
The Charaers are;

It is Male and Female in different
Plants : the Empalement of the Flow-
er is of oneLeaf,which is divided into
three acute Segments : the Flower
hath no Petals; but thofe on toe Male
Plants have three feort Stamina ; and
thofe on the Female have a roundifb
Pointal, which afterward chauges to
a fingle globular Berry, having one
Seed. - |

We have but one Species of this
Plant; wiz.

Osyris frutefcens baccifera. C.
B. P. Shrubby berry-bearing Poets
Cafia: and by fome, Red - berried
fhrubby Cafia.

This is a very low Shrub, feldom
rifing above two Feet high, having
lignous Branches, which are gar-
nifh’d with long narrow Leaves, ofa
bright Colour : the Flowers appear
in Fane, which are of a yellowifh
Colour; and are fucceeded byBerries,
which at: firft are green, and after-
ward turn to a bright-red Colour,
fomewhat like thofe of Afparagus.

This Plant grows wild in the
South of France, in Spain, and fome
Parts of Italy, by the Side of Roads,
as alfo between the Rocks ; but is
with great Difficulty tranfplanted
into Gardens ; nor does it thrive af-

At
<

OT

ter being removed : fo that the only’

Method to obtain this Plant is, to
fow the Berries where they are to
remain. Thefe Berries commonl
remain a Year in the Ground before
the Plants appear, amd fometimes
they willlie two or three Years: fo
that the Ground fhould not be dif-
turbed under three Years, if the
Plants do not come up fooner. Thefe
Seeds muft be procur’d from. the
Places where the Plants naturally
grow; for thofe which have been
brought into Gardens never produce
any, and it is with great Difficulty
they are preferv’d alive.

OTHONNA, 4/rican Rag-wort.

The Chara&ers are; .

It hath a compound Flower, confift-
ing of many Florets and Half-f-rets,
inclofed in one common Empalement :
the Florets are Hermaphrodite; thefe
are tubulous, and indented at theBrim:
the Half-florets are Female ; thefe are
firetched out on one Side with a nar
row Segment, like a Tongue, beyond
the Empalement : the Hermaphrodite
Flowers have each frve /mali Stami-’
na: the Female Flowers hawe anob-
long Pointal, which afterward turns
to a fingle oblong Seed crowned with
a Down. )
The Species are 5

1. Ornonna foliis infimis lanceo-
latis integerrimis, fuperioribus finua-
to-dentatis. Ein. Hort. Cliff. Shrub-
by African Ragwort, with an Hartf-
horn-leaf.

2. Oruonna foliis lanceolatis

integerrimis. Lin. Hort. Chiff. Shrub-

by African Ragwort, with intire ~

fucculent Leaves. ,

3. Ornonna folis . pinnatifidit,
laciniis linearibus parallelis. Lin.
Hort. Cliff. Shrubby African Rag-
wort, with Leaves like umbellife-
rous Wormwood. .

4. Oruonna foliis multifidis line-
aribus. Flor. Leyd, Shrubby 4/ri-

Rrra ‘

“7s

aes

O X

can Ragwort, with Samphire-leaves.
Thefe Plants are rang’d in the Ge-
nus ofRagwort bymott of the Writers

on Botany, till Dr. Boerhaave, in his -

Index of the Leyden Garden, fepa-
rated them into a diftinét Genus,
under the Title of Doria : but Dr.
Linnzus has fince feparated thefe
Species from the others, and applied
this Title of Orhonna to them.
They are all of them Natives of
the Country near the Cape of Good

Hope; fo will not live through the

Winter in Exgland: therefore they
are planted in Pots, and placed in
the Green-houfe in the Winter.

They are fhrubby Plants, which

grow about three or four Feet
high in this Country ; but in the
native Place of their Growth, they
rife much higher. Thefe grow very

> eafily from Cuttings ; which will

take Root very foon, if planted in a
fhady Border, during any of the
Summer-months ; and when they
have made goodRoots,theyfhould be
taken up, and potted ; becaufe if
they are fuffer’d to ftand long in the
Border, their Roots will extend to
a great Diftance, and they will make
vigorous Shoots, fo that they cannot
be tranfplanted after with anySafety.
Yn all other refpeéts thefe muft be
treated in the fame manner, as hath
been directed for O/feo/permum.

As there is little Beauty in the
Flowers of thefe Plants, fo they are
not generally efteem’d: but, where
there is room in the Green-houfe, if
a Plant. or two of each Kind are
preferv’d there, they will add to the
Variety, by their different - fhaped
Leaves, which they retain the whole
Year, but efpecially the third Sort.

OX-BYE.. Vide Buphthalmum.

-OXYACANTHA. Vide Ber-
beris. \ .
~ OXYS, Wood-forrel.
The Charaéfers are ;

Bulbous-rooted 4fricax Wood-for-

OX

It hath a bell-fhaped Flower con-
Sifting of one Leaf, having its Brim
wide expanded, and cut into feveral
Divifions: the Pointal, which rifes
Srom the Flower-cup, becomes an ob-
long, membranaceous Fruit, divided
into five feminal Cells, opening out-
avard from the Bafe to the Top, and
inclofing Seeds which flart from their

Ledges, by reafon of the elaftic Force
of the Membrane which involvesthem.
The Species are ;

1. Oxyss flore albo . Tourn. Com-
mon Wood- forrel, with a white
Flower.

2. Oxys flore purpurafcente.Tourn.
Wood-forrel with a purplifhFiower.

3. Oxys lutea. F. B. Wood-
forrel with a yellow Flower.

4. Oxys lutea Americana ereior.
Tourn. Upright yellow Wood-for-
rel of America.

5. Oxys bulbsfa Africana rotun-
difolia, caulibus & floribus purpureis
amplis. Hort. Amft. Round-leav’d
African Wood - forrel, with large
purple Flowers.

6. Oxys bulbofa Ethiopica mi-
nor, folio cordato, flore ex albido pur-
purafcente. Hort. Amft. Ethiopiax
Wood-forrel with an heart-fhaped
Leaf, and a purplifh-white Flower.

7. Oxys Americana, fore rubro,
forofa radice. Inf. R. H. Ameri-
can Wood-forrel, with a red Flower,
and a fibrofe Root.

8. Oxys lutea frute/cens America-
na, trifolii bituminofi facie. Plum.
Cat. Yellow fhrubby 4merican
Wood-forrel, with the Face of ftink-
ing Trefoil.

g. Oxys purpurea Virginiana, ra-
dice fquamata. Inft. R. H. Purpte
Wood.-forrel of Virginia, with a
{caly Root. | |

-10. Oxys bulbofa Africana’ ro-
tundifolia, caulibus virentibus, flori-
bus \amplis purpureis. Breyn. Cent.

rel,

OX

' gel, with round Leaves, green Stalks,

and large purple Flowers.

11. Oxys lutea annua, foribus
dentatis. Feuille. Obf. Yellow an-
nual Wood-forrel, with indented
Flowers.

12. Oxysrofeo fore, erefior, vul-
go Cullé. Feuillee. Obf Upright
Wood-forrel, with a rofe-colour’d
Flower, vulgarly call’d Culle.

13. Oxys ampliffimo frre. Feuillée.
Off. Wood-forrel with the largeft
yellow Flower.

14. Oxys Luteo flore, radice craff;/-
fima. Feuillée. Obf. Wood-forrel
with yellow Flowers, and a very
thick Root.

The firft Sort grows wild in
Woods, and other fhady Places, in

.divers Parts of Exg/and; and flowers
in Apriland May. This is the Sort
which is direfted by the College of
Phyficians of Loudon to be ufed in
Medicine ; but the-Markéets are ge-
nerally fupplied with the fourth Sor:,
which is not near fo good, having
very little Tafte: but the People
who cultivate medicinal Plants for
the Market, have propagated this
Plant in their Gardens, becaufe it
grows tall, and branches out greatly;
fo that they can readily gather and
tie it up in Bunches for Sale ; where-
as the true Sort grows clofe to the
Ground, and each Leaf rifes with a
Footftalk from the Root, which
renders it troublefome to gather in
Quantities ; but thofe who ufe it in
Medicine fhould be careful to have
the true Sort : the Time for which
is always in the Spring ; whereas
the other Kind is never brought to
Market till the Middle of Summer.

The fecond Sort is a Variety of
the firft, differing only in the Colour
of the Flower. This is found wild
in the North of Zxg/and, and is pre-
ferv’d asa Variety by thofe Perfons
who are curious in Botany: but

OX

there is no Difference in the Tafte-

of this fromthe common Sort.
Thefe two Sorts are abiding Plants,
and multip!y greatly by their creep-

ing Roots, as alfo by Seeds. They

fhould be planted in a moift fhady
Border, either early in the Spring,
er at Michaelmas, that they may be
rooted before the Froft comes on.
When the Plants are once eftablifh’d
in the Border, they will {catter their
Seeds, and increafe greatly. This
common Wood - forrel is a much
more grateful Acid in Sallads, than
the common Sorrel ; for which Pur-
pofe aBorder of it fhould not be
wanting in the Kitchen-garden.
The third Sort isan abiding Plant,
and increafes greatly by its trailing
Branches, which put out Roots at

every Joint; as alfo by its Seeds,

which are caft abroad, when ripe,
by the Elafticity of the Veflels in
which they are contained, which
renders it difficult to fave the Seeds =

for when they are ripe, onthe firft -

Touch, the Pods burft, and throw
out the Seeds. This is tender, and
muft be fhelter’d under a Frame
in Winter, otherwife it will not
abide the Frofts, when they arevery
fevere,

The fourth Sort is an annual
Plant.
from North - America; but where-
ever it is introduced, and permitted
to fcatter its Seeds, it will maintain
itfelf without any further Care, it
being a very hardyPlant; and is now
become more common than our
own Sort in the London Markets.

The fifth and fixth Sorts are pre-
ferv’d in fome curious Gardens for
Variety. The fifth Sort produces
large purple Flowers, which make a
very pretty Appearance, and con-
tinue in Beauty a long time during
the Winter-feafon, which renders it

worthy of a Place in every Colle-

Rrr3 ction

ie

This was originally brought,

4

os

a

; :
¢ .

be, AS
4

ae OX
étion of Plants. The fixth Sort hath
not much Beauty in its Flowers ;

cd

-but*is planted in curious Gardens

for Variety. Thefe two Sorts have
bulbous Roots, which increafe pretty

fait (efpecially the fixth), by which

they are eafily propagated. ‘Thefe
muft be planted in Fic fill’d with
frefh light Earth: and in Winter
they fhould be placed under a com-
mon Hot-bed-frame, where they
fhould have as much free Air as pof-
fible in mild Weather ; but they muft
‘be fhelter’d from Froft, otherwife
they will not live in this Country.
InSummer they muft be expos’d in a
fhady Situation, and in dry Weather
muft be often refrefhed with Water;
but when their Leaves are decay’d,

it fhould be given fparingly.

The feventh, ninth, and tenth
Sorts may be treated in the fame
ynanner as the former : thefe are

referv'd in curious Gardens for the’

jake of Variety. :

The eighth Sort was difcover’d
by Father P/umier in fome of the
French Settlements in America ; it
was alfo found by the late Dr. Hou/-

’ toun near La Vera Cruz; where it

was growing in great Plenty. This
Sort rifes to the Height of two Feet
er more, and becomes a {mall Shrub;
but it hath very little Acidity in the
Leaves. This is tenderer than either
of the former Sorts : wherefore it
fhould be kept warmer in Winter,
-etherwife it will not live in this

— Country.

ae

»

O X

The eleventh Sort is an annual
Plant, which is cultivated in all the
Gardens of Lima and Peru in the
Spanifo Weft-Indies, for its grateful
acid Tajte ; it being much ufed by
the Inhabitants of thofe Places in all
their Sawces. This Sort grows lar-
ger than the common upright Ameri-
cax Kind: the Flowers are yellow,
edged with purple.

‘The twelfth Sort grows plentiful-
ly in CAr/i, in theSpani> Weft-Indies.
It hath beautiful rofe-colour’d Flow-
ers, and grows about the fameHeight
as the common upright American
Sort.

The thirteenth Sort feldom rifes
above two Inches high, and doth not
branch as do the former Kinds ; this
hath very large yellow Flowers : it
grows plentifully on the Borders of
the River of Place.

The fourteenth Sort hath very
large thick Roots, out of which come
up theLeaves, which are of a bright-
green Colour on theirUpper-fide,and
of a violet Colour underneath. This
grows on all the Mountains of Perz.

All thefe Sorts, being Natives of
warm Countries, are fomewhat ten-
derer than thofe before-mentioned ;
for which Reafon they muft be placed
ina warm Green-houfe in Winter :
but in Summer they may be expos’d.
to the open Air ; and muft be plenti-
fully watered in dry Weather. All
thefe Plants will produce Seeds in
this Country, by which they may be
propagated.

Th END of the SEcoND VOLUME, ah

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